<tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$X_{1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$X_{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and can cooperate through multiple exchanges of limited information with the aim of extracting information about hidden variables <inline-formula> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$(Y_{1},Y_{2})$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, which can be arbitrarily dependent on <inline-formula> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$(X_{1},X_{2})$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. On the other hand, in CDIB, there are two cooperating encoders which separately observe <inline-formula> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$X_{1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$X_{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and a third node which can listen to the exchanges between the two encoders in order to obtain information about a hidden variable <inline-formula> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$Y$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The relevance (figure-of-merit) is measured in terms of a normalized (per-sample) multi-letter mutual information metric (log-loss fidelity), and an interesting tradeoff arises by constraining the complexity of descriptions, measured in terms of the rates needed for the exchanges between the encoders and decoders involved. Inner and outer bounds to the complexity-relevance region of these problems are derived from which optimality is characterized for several cases of interest. Our resulting theoretical complexity-relevance regions are finally evaluated for binary symmetric and Gaussian statistical models, showing theoretical tradeoffs between the complexity-constrained descriptions and their relevance with respect to the hidden variables.","doi":"10.1109/TIT.2018.2883295","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0af7f3d5e8c4d44222d161470ba1bf88f694ab50","result_position":9,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":270702345,"title":"Twin-Merging: Dynamic Integration of Modular Expertise in Model Merging","venue":"Neural Information Processing Systems","year":2024,"authors":["Zhenyi Lu","Chenghao Fan","Wei Wei","Xiaoye Qu","Dangyang Chen","Yu Cheng"],"abstract":"In the era of large language models, model merging is a promising way to combine multiple task-specific models into a single multitask model without extra training. However, two challenges remain: (a) interference between different models and (b) heterogeneous data during testing. Traditional model merging methods often show significant performance gaps compared to fine-tuned models due to these issues. Additionally, a one-size-fits-all model lacks flexibility for diverse test data, leading to performance degradation. We show that both shared and exclusive task-specific knowledge are crucial for merging performance, but directly merging exclusive knowledge hinders overall performance. In view of this, we propose Twin-Merging, a method that encompasses two principal stages: (1) modularizing knowledge into shared and exclusive components, with compression to reduce redundancy and enhance efficiency; (2) dynamically merging shared and task-specific knowledge based on the input. This approach narrows the performance gap between merged and fine-tuned models and improves adaptability to heterogeneous data. Extensive experiments on $20$ datasets for both language and vision tasks demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, showing an average improvement of $28.34\\%$ in absolute normalized score for discriminative tasks and even surpassing the fine-tuned upper bound on the generative tasks. Our implementation is available in \\url{https://github.com/LZY-the-boys/Twin-Merging}","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2406.15479","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/84f4ed2029085d2e009e6f262537c4201738737e","result_position":10,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":261660737,"title":"LLMCad: Fast and Scalable On-device Large Language Model Inference","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2023,"authors":["Daliang Xu","Wangsong Yin","Xin Jin","Y. Zhang","Shiyun Wei","Mengwei Xu","Xuanzhe Liu"],"abstract":"Generative tasks, such as text generation and question answering, hold a crucial position in the realm of mobile applications. Due to their sensitivity to privacy concerns, there is a growing demand for their execution directly on mobile devices. Currently, the execution of these generative tasks heavily depends on Large Language Models (LLMs). Nevertheless, the limited memory capacity of these devices presents a formidable challenge to the scalability of such models. In our research, we introduce LLMCad, an innovative on-device inference engine specifically designed for efficient generative Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. The core idea behind LLMCad revolves around model collaboration: a compact LLM, residing in memory, takes charge of generating the most straightforward tokens, while a high-precision LLM steps in to validate these tokens and rectify any identified errors. LLMCad incorporates three novel techniques: (1) Instead of generating candidate tokens in a sequential manner, LLMCad employs the smaller LLM to construct a token tree, encompassing a wider range of plausible token pathways. Subsequently, the larger LLM can efficiently validate all of these pathways simultaneously. (2) It employs a self-adjusting fallback strategy, swiftly initiating the verification process whenever the smaller LLM generates an erroneous token. (3) To ensure a continuous flow of token generation, LLMCad speculatively generates tokens during the verification process by implementing a compute-IO pipeline. Through an extensive series of experiments, LLMCad showcases an impressive token generation speed, achieving rates up to 9.3x faster than existing inference engines.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2309.04255","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/00e889fcfaf4396a20f37f681cf8b14f3e878879","result_position":11,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":276575178,"title":"MedForge: Building Medical Foundation Models Like Open Source Software Development","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Zheling Tan","Kexin Ding","Jin Gao","Mu Zhou","Dimitris N. Metaxas","Shaoting Zhang","Dequan Wang"],"abstract":"Foundational models (FMs) have made significant strides in the healthcare domain. Yet the data silo challenge and privacy concern remain in healthcare systems, hindering safe medical data sharing and collaborative model development among institutions. The collection and curation of scalable clinical datasets increasingly become the bottleneck for training strong FMs. In this study, we propose Medical Foundation Models Merging (MedForge), a cooperative framework enabling a community-driven medical foundation model development, meanwhile preventing the information leakage of raw patient data and mitigating synchronization model development issues across clinical institutions. MedForge offers a bottom-up model construction mechanism by flexibly merging task-specific Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) modules, which can adapt to downstream tasks while retaining original model parameters. Through an asynchronous LoRA module integration scheme, the resulting composite model can progressively enhance its comprehensive performance on various clinical tasks. MedForge shows strong performance on multiple clinical datasets (e.g., breast cancer, lung cancer, and colon cancer) collected from different institutions. Our major findings highlight the value of collaborative foundation models in advancing multi-center clinical collaboration effectively and cohesively. Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/TanZheling/MedForge.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2502.16055","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9db65d3c1f48d53c1b0b734f6d5a8be1a0efa6f8","result_position":12,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":276557749,"title":"Mixup Model Merge: Enhancing Model Merging Performance through Randomized Linear Interpolation","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Yue Zhou","Yi Chang","Yuan Wu"],"abstract":"Model merging aims to integrate multiple task-specific models into a unified model that inherits the capabilities of the task-specific models, without additional training. Existing model merging methods often lack consideration of the varying contribution ratios of different task-specific models to the final merged model. In this paper, we propose Mixup Model Merge (M3), a simple yet effective method inspired by the randomized linear interpolation strategy from the Mixup data augmentation technique. M3 performs randomized linear interpolation in parameter space between two task-specific LLMs, where interpolation coefficients are sampled from a Beta distribution to explore diverse contribution ratios. This controllable randomness allows M3 to outperform standard equal-ratio merging by discovering better contribution ratio combinations. Extensive experiments show that M3 significantly (1) improves merged LLM performance across tasks, (2) enhances out-of-distribution and adversarial robustness, (3) outperforms the positive effects of the sparsification method DARE on model merging and can be further combined with DARE to achieve superior results, and (4) balances exploration efficiency and diversity in contribution ratios by tuning the Beta distribution's shape parameters. The code is provided in the supplementary materials.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2502.15434","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/12590628f00da825cb537284592d88cb848c5b11","result_position":13,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":264436382,"title":"S3Eval: A Synthetic, Scalable, Systematic Evaluation Suite for Large Language Model","venue":"North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics","year":2023,"authors":["Fangyu Lei","Qian Liu","Yiming Huang","Shizhu He","Jun Zhao","Kang Liu"],"abstract":"The rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs) has led to great strides in model capabilities like long-context understanding and reasoning.However, as LLMs are able to process longer contexts, it becomes more challenging to evaluate whether they have acquired certain capabilities, since the length of text (e.g., 200K tokens) they can process far exceeds what humans can reliably assess in a reasonable duration.In this paper, we propose using complex synthetic tasks as a proxy evaluation method, and present S3Eval, a Synthetic, Scalable, Systematic evaluation suite for LLMs evaluation.The synthetic nature of S3Eval provides users full control over the dataset, allowing them to systematically probe LLM capabilities by scaling text length and varying task difficulty across diverse scenarios.The strong correlation between S3Eval and real-world benchmarks demonstrates the soundness of using S3Eval for evaluation of LLMs.S3Eval provides a flexible and infinite long-context data generation method. We have generated a comprehensive dataset called S3Eval-Standard, and experimental results have shown that it poses significant challenges for all existing LLMs.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2310.15147","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9015c9813b6ef8f05040a7b1340909c57d600e38","result_position":14,"is_clicked":false}],"string":"[\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 269293591,\n \"title\": \"Protecting Your LLMs with Information Bottleneck\",\n \"venue\": \"Neural Information Processing Systems\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Zichuan Liu\",\n \"Zefan Wang\",\n \"Linjie Xu\",\n \"Jinyu Wang\",\n \"Lei Song\",\n \"Tianchun Wang\",\n \"Chunlin Chen\",\n \"Wei Cheng\",\n \"Jiang Bian\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The advent of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized the field of natural language processing, yet they might be attacked to produce harmful content. Despite efforts to ethically align LLMs, these are often fragile and can be circumvented by jailbreaking attacks through optimized or manual adversarial prompts. To address this, we introduce the Information Bottleneck Protector (IBProtector), a defense mechanism grounded in the information bottleneck principle, and we modify the objective to avoid trivial solutions. The IBProtector selectively compresses and perturbs prompts, facilitated by a lightweight and trainable extractor, preserving only essential information for the target LLMs to respond with the expected answer. Moreover, we further consider a situation where the gradient is not visible to be compatible with any LLM. Our empirical evaluations show that IBProtector outperforms current defense methods in mitigating jailbreak attempts, without overly affecting response quality or inference speed. Its effectiveness and adaptability across various attack methods and target LLMs underscore the potential of IBProtector as a novel, transferable defense that bolsters the security of LLMs without requiring modifications to the underlying models.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2404.13968\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/eb6f866999cf558b66762ce05083d054cfacdcbf\",\n \"result_position\": 0,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 235422129,\n \"title\": \"Robust Optimization for Multilingual Translation with Imbalanced Data\",\n \"venue\": \"Neural Information Processing Systems\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Xian Li\",\n \"Hongyu Gong\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Multilingual models are parameter-efficient and especially effective in improving low-resource languages by leveraging crosslingual transfer. Despite recent advance in massive multilingual translation with ever-growing model and data, how to effectively train multilingual models has not been well understood. In this paper, we show that a common situation in multilingual training, data imbalance among languages, poses optimization tension between high resource and low resource languages where the found multilingual solution is often sub-optimal for low resources. We show that common training method which upsamples low resources can not robustly optimize population loss with risks of either underfitting high resource languages or overfitting low resource ones. Drawing on recent findings on the geometry of loss landscape and its effect on generalization, we propose a principled optimization algorithm, Curvature Aware Task Scaling (CATS), which adaptively rescales gradients from different tasks with a meta objective of guiding multilingual training to low-curvature neighborhoods with uniformly low loss for all languages. We ran experiments on common benchmarks (TED, WMT and OPUS-100) with varying degrees of data imbalance. CATS effectively improved multilingual optimization and as a result demonstrated consistent gains on low resources ($+0.8$ to $+2.2$ BLEU) without hurting high resources. In addition, CATS is robust to overparameterization and large batch size training, making it a promising training method for massive multilingual models that truly improve low resource languages.\",\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e4e0674c580db2cd2c0f5d3dca65d9a98ce0ed02\",\n \"result_position\": 1,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 266362435,\n \"title\": \"POND: Multi-Source Time Series Domain Adaptation with Information-Aware Prompt Tuning\",\n \"venue\": \"Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Junxiang Wang\",\n \"Guangji Bai\",\n \"Wei Cheng\",\n \"Zhengzhang Chen\",\n \"Liang Zhao\",\n \"Haifeng Chen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Time series domain adaptation stands as a pivotal and intricate challenge with diverse applications, including but not limited to human activity recognition, sleep stage classification, and machine fault diagnosis. Despite the numerous domain adaptation techniques proposed to tackle this complex problem, they primarily focus on domain adaptation from a single source domain. Yet, it is more crucial to investigate domain adaptation from multiple domains due to the potential for greater improvements. To address this, three important challenges need to be overcome: 1). The lack of exploration to utilize domain-specific information for domain adaptation, 2). The difficulty to learn domain-specific information that changes over time, and 3). The difficulty to evaluate learned domain-specific information. In order to tackle these challenges simultaneously, in this paper, we introduce PrOmpt-based domaiN Discrimination (POND), the first framework to utilize prompts for time series domain adaptation. Specifically, to address Challenge 1, we extend the idea of prompt tuning to time series analysis and learn prompts to capture common and domain-specific information from all source domains. To handle Challenge 2, we introduce a conditional module for each source domain to generate prompts from time series input data. For Challenge 3, we propose two criteria to select good prompts, which are used to choose the most suitable source domain for domain adaptation. The efficacy and robustness of our proposed POND model are extensively validated through experiments across 50 scenarios encompassing four datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed POND model outperforms all state-of-the-art comparison methods by up to 66% on the F1-score.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1145/3637528.3671721\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d8c5db7ba743e4af2410aee5035e038d4d3b1aed\",\n \"result_position\": 2,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 265034087,\n \"title\": \"Language Models are Super Mario: Absorbing Abilities from Homologous Models as a Free Lunch\",\n \"venue\": \"International Conference on Machine Learning\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Le Yu\",\n \"Yu Bowen\",\n \"Haiyang Yu\",\n \"Fei Huang\",\n \"Yongbin Li\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In this paper, we unveil that Language Models (LMs) can acquire new capabilities by assimilating parameters from homologous models without retraining or GPUs. We first introduce DARE to set most delta parameters (i.e., the disparity between fine-tuned and pre-trained parameters) to zeros without affecting the abilities of Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) LMs, which randomly Drops delta parameters with a ratio $p$ And REscales the remaining ones by $1 / (1 - p)$ to approximate the original embeddings. Then, we use DARE as a versatile plug-in to sparsify delta parameters of multiple SFT homologous models for mitigating parameter interference and merge them into a single model by parameter fusing. We experiment with encoder- and decoder-based LMs, showing that: (1) SFT delta parameter value ranges are typically small (within 0.002) with extreme redundancy, and DARE can effortlessly eliminate 90% or even 99% of them; (2) DARE can merge multiple task-specific LMs into one LM with diverse capabilities. Notably, this phenomenon is more pronounced in large-scale LMs, where the merged LM reveals the potential to surpass the performance of any source LM, providing a new discovery. We also utilize DARE to create a merged LM that ranks first among models with 7 billion parameters on the Open LLM Leaderboard.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2311.03099\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c0230760f644f6b7538d93e4296a5e9aa7028e45\",\n \"result_position\": 3,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 221970592,\n \"title\": \"Deep Transformers with Latent Depth\",\n \"venue\": \"Neural Information Processing Systems\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Xian Li\",\n \"Asa Cooper Stickland\",\n \"Yuqing Tang\",\n \"X. Kong\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The Transformer model has achieved state-of-the-art performance in many sequence modeling tasks. However, how to leverage model capacity with large or variable depths is still an open challenge. We present a probabilistic framework to automatically learn which layer(s) to use by learning the posterior distributions of layer selection. As an extension of this framework, we propose a novel method to train one shared Transformer network for multilingual machine translation with different layer selection posteriors for each language pair. The proposed method alleviates the vanishing gradient issue and enables stable training of deep Transformers (e.g. 100 layers). We evaluate on WMT English-German machine translation and masked language modeling tasks, where our method outperforms existing approaches for training deeper Transformers. Experiments on multilingual machine translation demonstrate that this approach can effectively leverage increased model capacity and bring universal improvement for both many-to-one and one-to-many translation with diverse language pairs.\",\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ae8eff35dcdd47e80416fa5a4d8f51f8809cdc7b\",\n \"result_position\": 4,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 270562603,\n \"title\": \"Fast and Slow Generating: An Empirical Study on Large and Small Language Models Collaborative Decoding\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Kaiyan Zhang\",\n \"Jianyu Wang\",\n \"Ning Ding\",\n \"Biqing Qi\",\n \"Ermo Hua\",\n \"Xingtai Lv\",\n \"Bowen Zhou\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit impressive capabilities across various applications but encounter substantial challenges such as high inference latency, considerable training costs, and the generation of hallucinations. Collaborative decoding between large and small language models (SLMs) presents a promising strategy to mitigate these issues through methods including speculative decoding, contrastive decoding, and emulator or proxy fine-tuning. However, the specifics of such collaborations, particularly from a unified perspective, remain largely unexplored. Inspired by dual-process cognitive theory, we propose a unified framework in this paper, termed Fast and Slow Generating (FS-GEN). Within this framework, LLMs (sometimes along with SLMs) are categorized as System 2 (slow and deliberate), while independent SLMs are designated as System 1 (fast and intuitive). We provide a comprehensive analysis of these collaborative methodologies, elucidating their common properties and shedding light on the differential knowledge capabilities of System 2 versus System 1 through the FS-GEN framework. Our findings indicate that only a small proportion of collaborative interactions (approximately less than 20\\\\% in most instances) are necessary across various methods. These interactions between System 1 and System 2 conform to a scaling law related to the parameter ratios, enabling predictable collaboration. Furthermore, we explore the specific conditions under which collaboration proves most effective, particularly from an uncertainty perspective, offering novel insights that may guide future optimization efforts. Our research underscores that the fundamental distinction between System 1 and System 2 lies in the uncertainty of next token predictions, where interventions by System 2 are crucial to support System 1. Code for Reproduction: https://github.com/TsinghuaC3I/FS-GEN\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2406.12295\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/58636fabd0e7f9a4921732276f240f53c4818052\",\n \"result_position\": 5,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 275212526,\n \"title\": \"Exploring Information Processing in Large Language Models: Insights from Information Bottleneck Theory\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Zhou Yang\",\n \"Zhengyu Qi\",\n \"Zhaochun Ren\",\n \"Zhikai Jia\",\n \"Haizhou Sun\",\n \"Xiaofei Zhu\",\n \"Xiangwen Liao\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across a wide range of tasks by understanding input information and predicting corresponding outputs. However, the internal mechanisms by which LLMs comprehend input and make effective predictions remain poorly understood. In this paper, we explore the working mechanism of LLMs in information processing from the perspective of Information Bottleneck Theory. We propose a non-training construction strategy to define a task space and identify the following key findings: (1) LLMs compress input information into specific task spaces (e.g., sentiment space, topic space) to facilitate task understanding; (2) they then extract and utilize relevant information from the task space at critical moments to generate accurate predictions. Based on these insights, we introduce two novel approaches: an Information Compression-based Context Learning (IC-ICL) and a Task-Space-guided Fine-Tuning (TS-FT). IC-ICL enhances reasoning performance and inference efficiency by compressing retrieved example information into the task space. TS-FT employs a space-guided loss to fine-tune LLMs, encouraging the learning of more effective compression and selection mechanisms. Experiments across multiple datasets validate the effectiveness of task space construction. Additionally, IC-ICL not only improves performance but also accelerates inference speed by over 40\\\\%, while TS-FT achieves superior results with a minimal strategy adjustment.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2501.00999\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/90a0c3f201e8bd2e3214fe30a432efb8a0bebdcc\",\n \"result_position\": 6,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 254096365,\n \"title\": \"Fast Inference from Transformers via Speculative Decoding\",\n \"venue\": \"International Conference on Machine Learning\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yaniv Leviathan\",\n \"Matan Kalman\",\n \"Yossi Matias\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Inference from large autoregressive models like Transformers is slow - decoding K tokens takes K serial runs of the model. In this work we introduce speculative decoding - an algorithm to sample from autoregressive models faster without any changes to the outputs, by computing several tokens in parallel. At the heart of our approach lie the observations that (1) hard language-modeling tasks often include easier subtasks that can be approximated well by more efficient models, and (2) using speculative execution and a novel sampling method, we can make exact decoding from the large models faster, by running them in parallel on the outputs of the approximation models, potentially generating several tokens concurrently, and without changing the distribution. Our method can accelerate existing off-the-shelf models without retraining or architecture changes. We demonstrate it on T5-XXL and show a 2X-3X acceleration compared to the standard T5X implementation, with identical outputs.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2211.17192\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d8e9f8c8a37cb4cd26b92ad0d942d641cd512644\",\n \"result_position\": 7,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 258762525,\n \"title\": \"Tree of Thoughts: Deliberate Problem Solving with Large Language Models\",\n \"venue\": \"Neural Information Processing Systems\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Shunyu Yao\",\n \"Dian Yu\",\n \"Jeffrey Zhao\",\n \"Izhak Shafran\",\n \"T. Griffiths\",\n \"Yuan Cao\",\n \"Karthik Narasimhan\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Language models are increasingly being deployed for general problem solving across a wide range of tasks, but are still confined to token-level, left-to-right decision-making processes during inference. This means they can fall short in tasks that require exploration, strategic lookahead, or where initial decisions play a pivotal role. To surmount these challenges, we introduce a new framework for language model inference, Tree of Thoughts (ToT), which generalizes over the popular Chain of Thought approach to prompting language models, and enables exploration over coherent units of text (thoughts) that serve as intermediate steps toward problem solving. ToT allows LMs to perform deliberate decision making by considering multiple different reasoning paths and self-evaluating choices to decide the next course of action, as well as looking ahead or backtracking when necessary to make global choices. Our experiments show that ToT significantly enhances language models' problem-solving abilities on three novel tasks requiring non-trivial planning or search: Game of 24, Creative Writing, and Mini Crosswords. For instance, in Game of 24, while GPT-4 with chain-of-thought prompting only solved 4% of tasks, our method achieved a success rate of 74%. Code repo with all prompts: https://github.com/princeton-nlp/tree-of-thought-llm.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2305.10601\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2f3822eb380b5e753a6d579f31dfc3ec4c4a0820\",\n \"result_position\": 8,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 58669441,\n \"title\": \"Collaborative Information Bottleneck\",\n \"venue\": \"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Matías Vera\",\n \"Leonardo Rey Vega\",\n \"P. Piantanida\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This paper investigates a multi-terminal source coding problem under a logarithmic loss fidelity which does not necessarily lead to an additive distortion measure. The problem is motivated by an extension of the information bottleneck method to a multi-source scenario where several encoders have to build cooperatively rate-limited descriptions of their sources in order to maximize information with respect to other unobserved (hidden) sources. More precisely, we study fundamental information-theoretic limits of the so-called: 1) two-way collaborative information bottleneck (TW-CIB) and 2) the collaborative distributed information bottleneck (CDIB) problems. The TW-CIB problem consists of two distant encoders that separately observe marginal (dependent) components <inline-formula> <tex-math notation=\\\"LaTeX\\\">$X_{1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation=\\\"LaTeX\\\">$X_{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and can cooperate through multiple exchanges of limited information with the aim of extracting information about hidden variables <inline-formula> <tex-math notation=\\\"LaTeX\\\">$(Y_{1},Y_{2})$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, which can be arbitrarily dependent on <inline-formula> <tex-math notation=\\\"LaTeX\\\">$(X_{1},X_{2})$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. On the other hand, in CDIB, there are two cooperating encoders which separately observe <inline-formula> <tex-math notation=\\\"LaTeX\\\">$X_{1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation=\\\"LaTeX\\\">$X_{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and a third node which can listen to the exchanges between the two encoders in order to obtain information about a hidden variable <inline-formula> <tex-math notation=\\\"LaTeX\\\">$Y$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The relevance (figure-of-merit) is measured in terms of a normalized (per-sample) multi-letter mutual information metric (log-loss fidelity), and an interesting tradeoff arises by constraining the complexity of descriptions, measured in terms of the rates needed for the exchanges between the encoders and decoders involved. Inner and outer bounds to the complexity-relevance region of these problems are derived from which optimality is characterized for several cases of interest. Our resulting theoretical complexity-relevance regions are finally evaluated for binary symmetric and Gaussian statistical models, showing theoretical tradeoffs between the complexity-constrained descriptions and their relevance with respect to the hidden variables.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/TIT.2018.2883295\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0af7f3d5e8c4d44222d161470ba1bf88f694ab50\",\n \"result_position\": 9,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 270702345,\n \"title\": \"Twin-Merging: Dynamic Integration of Modular Expertise in Model Merging\",\n \"venue\": \"Neural Information Processing Systems\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Zhenyi Lu\",\n \"Chenghao Fan\",\n \"Wei Wei\",\n \"Xiaoye Qu\",\n \"Dangyang Chen\",\n \"Yu Cheng\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In the era of large language models, model merging is a promising way to combine multiple task-specific models into a single multitask model without extra training. However, two challenges remain: (a) interference between different models and (b) heterogeneous data during testing. Traditional model merging methods often show significant performance gaps compared to fine-tuned models due to these issues. Additionally, a one-size-fits-all model lacks flexibility for diverse test data, leading to performance degradation. We show that both shared and exclusive task-specific knowledge are crucial for merging performance, but directly merging exclusive knowledge hinders overall performance. In view of this, we propose Twin-Merging, a method that encompasses two principal stages: (1) modularizing knowledge into shared and exclusive components, with compression to reduce redundancy and enhance efficiency; (2) dynamically merging shared and task-specific knowledge based on the input. This approach narrows the performance gap between merged and fine-tuned models and improves adaptability to heterogeneous data. Extensive experiments on $20$ datasets for both language and vision tasks demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, showing an average improvement of $28.34\\\\%$ in absolute normalized score for discriminative tasks and even surpassing the fine-tuned upper bound on the generative tasks. Our implementation is available in \\\\url{https://github.com/LZY-the-boys/Twin-Merging}\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2406.15479\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/84f4ed2029085d2e009e6f262537c4201738737e\",\n \"result_position\": 10,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 261660737,\n \"title\": \"LLMCad: Fast and Scalable On-device Large Language Model Inference\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Daliang Xu\",\n \"Wangsong Yin\",\n \"Xin Jin\",\n \"Y. Zhang\",\n \"Shiyun Wei\",\n \"Mengwei Xu\",\n \"Xuanzhe Liu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Generative tasks, such as text generation and question answering, hold a crucial position in the realm of mobile applications. Due to their sensitivity to privacy concerns, there is a growing demand for their execution directly on mobile devices. Currently, the execution of these generative tasks heavily depends on Large Language Models (LLMs). Nevertheless, the limited memory capacity of these devices presents a formidable challenge to the scalability of such models. In our research, we introduce LLMCad, an innovative on-device inference engine specifically designed for efficient generative Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. The core idea behind LLMCad revolves around model collaboration: a compact LLM, residing in memory, takes charge of generating the most straightforward tokens, while a high-precision LLM steps in to validate these tokens and rectify any identified errors. LLMCad incorporates three novel techniques: (1) Instead of generating candidate tokens in a sequential manner, LLMCad employs the smaller LLM to construct a token tree, encompassing a wider range of plausible token pathways. Subsequently, the larger LLM can efficiently validate all of these pathways simultaneously. (2) It employs a self-adjusting fallback strategy, swiftly initiating the verification process whenever the smaller LLM generates an erroneous token. (3) To ensure a continuous flow of token generation, LLMCad speculatively generates tokens during the verification process by implementing a compute-IO pipeline. Through an extensive series of experiments, LLMCad showcases an impressive token generation speed, achieving rates up to 9.3x faster than existing inference engines.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2309.04255\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/00e889fcfaf4396a20f37f681cf8b14f3e878879\",\n \"result_position\": 11,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 276575178,\n \"title\": \"MedForge: Building Medical Foundation Models Like Open Source Software Development\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Zheling Tan\",\n \"Kexin Ding\",\n \"Jin Gao\",\n \"Mu Zhou\",\n \"Dimitris N. Metaxas\",\n \"Shaoting Zhang\",\n \"Dequan Wang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Foundational models (FMs) have made significant strides in the healthcare domain. Yet the data silo challenge and privacy concern remain in healthcare systems, hindering safe medical data sharing and collaborative model development among institutions. The collection and curation of scalable clinical datasets increasingly become the bottleneck for training strong FMs. In this study, we propose Medical Foundation Models Merging (MedForge), a cooperative framework enabling a community-driven medical foundation model development, meanwhile preventing the information leakage of raw patient data and mitigating synchronization model development issues across clinical institutions. MedForge offers a bottom-up model construction mechanism by flexibly merging task-specific Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) modules, which can adapt to downstream tasks while retaining original model parameters. Through an asynchronous LoRA module integration scheme, the resulting composite model can progressively enhance its comprehensive performance on various clinical tasks. MedForge shows strong performance on multiple clinical datasets (e.g., breast cancer, lung cancer, and colon cancer) collected from different institutions. Our major findings highlight the value of collaborative foundation models in advancing multi-center clinical collaboration effectively and cohesively. Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/TanZheling/MedForge.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2502.16055\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9db65d3c1f48d53c1b0b734f6d5a8be1a0efa6f8\",\n \"result_position\": 12,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 276557749,\n \"title\": \"Mixup Model Merge: Enhancing Model Merging Performance through Randomized Linear Interpolation\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yue Zhou\",\n \"Yi Chang\",\n \"Yuan Wu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Model merging aims to integrate multiple task-specific models into a unified model that inherits the capabilities of the task-specific models, without additional training. Existing model merging methods often lack consideration of the varying contribution ratios of different task-specific models to the final merged model. In this paper, we propose Mixup Model Merge (M3), a simple yet effective method inspired by the randomized linear interpolation strategy from the Mixup data augmentation technique. M3 performs randomized linear interpolation in parameter space between two task-specific LLMs, where interpolation coefficients are sampled from a Beta distribution to explore diverse contribution ratios. This controllable randomness allows M3 to outperform standard equal-ratio merging by discovering better contribution ratio combinations. Extensive experiments show that M3 significantly (1) improves merged LLM performance across tasks, (2) enhances out-of-distribution and adversarial robustness, (3) outperforms the positive effects of the sparsification method DARE on model merging and can be further combined with DARE to achieve superior results, and (4) balances exploration efficiency and diversity in contribution ratios by tuning the Beta distribution's shape parameters. The code is provided in the supplementary materials.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2502.15434\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/12590628f00da825cb537284592d88cb848c5b11\",\n \"result_position\": 13,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 264436382,\n \"title\": \"S3Eval: A Synthetic, Scalable, Systematic Evaluation Suite for Large Language Model\",\n \"venue\": \"North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Fangyu Lei\",\n \"Qian Liu\",\n \"Yiming Huang\",\n \"Shizhu He\",\n \"Jun Zhao\",\n \"Kang Liu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs) has led to great strides in model capabilities like long-context understanding and reasoning.However, as LLMs are able to process longer contexts, it becomes more challenging to evaluate whether they have acquired certain capabilities, since the length of text (e.g., 200K tokens) they can process far exceeds what humans can reliably assess in a reasonable duration.In this paper, we propose using complex synthetic tasks as a proxy evaluation method, and present S3Eval, a Synthetic, Scalable, Systematic evaluation suite for LLMs evaluation.The synthetic nature of S3Eval provides users full control over the dataset, allowing them to systematically probe LLM capabilities by scaling text length and varying task difficulty across diverse scenarios.The strong correlation between S3Eval and real-world benchmarks demonstrates the soundness of using S3Eval for evaluation of LLMs.S3Eval provides a flexible and infinite long-context data generation method. We have generated a comprehensive dataset called S3Eval-Standard, and experimental results have shown that it poses significant challenges for all existing LLMs.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2310.15147\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9015c9813b6ef8f05040a7b1340909c57d600e38\",\n \"result_position\": 14,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":60,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"I'm looking for a paper about pests or plant diseases that published a dataset with repeated observations at the same site. It should be at least from 2018 or newer and ideally from India.\nThe dataset should be publically available.\nFor example some fungus like rice blast."},"query_timestamp":{"kind":"string","value":"2025-05-11T12:59:18.928441+00:00"},"thread_id":{"kind":"string","value":"cdf6a9f99d51c35ec7866b6883874a0f948f1b75a7aae4ee5e2219b0f8bbcc78"},"num_shown":{"kind":"number","value":75,"string":"75"},"num_clicked":{"kind":"number","value":0,"string":"0"},"has_clicks":{"kind":"bool","value":false,"string":"false"},"shown_papers":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"corpus_id":270004078,"title":"Investigation to answer three key questions concerning plant pest identification and development of a practical identification framework","venue":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture","year":2024,"authors":["Ryosuke Wayama","Yuki Sasaki","S. Kagiwada","Nobusuke Iwasaki","Hitoshi Iyatomi"],"abstract":"The development of practical and robust automated diagnostic systems for identifying plant pests is crucial for efficient agricultural production. In this paper, we first investigate three key research questions (RQs) that have not been addressed thus far in the field of image-based plant pest identification. Based on the knowledge gained, we then develop an accurate, robust, and fast plant pest identification framework using 334K images comprising 78 combinations of four plant portions (the leaf front, leaf back, fruit, and flower of cucumber, tomato, strawberry, and eggplant) and 20 pest species captured at 27 farms. The results reveal the following. (1) For an appropriate evaluation of the model, the test data should not include images of the field from which the training images were collected, or other considerations to increase the diversity of the test set should be taken into account. (2) Pre-extraction of ROIs, such as leaves and fruits, helps to improve identification accuracy. (3) Integration of closely related species using the same control methods and cross-crop training methods for the same pests, are effective. Our two-stage plant pest identification framework, enabling ROI detection and convolutional neural network (CNN)-based identification, achieved a highly practical performance of 91.0% and 88.5% in mean accuracy and macro F1 score, respectively, for 12,223 instances of test data of 21 classes collected from unseen fields, where 25 classes of images from 318,971 samples were used for training; the average identification time was 476 ms/image.","doi":"10.1016/j.compag.2024.109021","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/05a476d2901a055bb94285d6f6570926cc3366ac","result_position":0,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":266222595,"title":"A deep learning model for predicting risks of crop pests and diseases from sequential environmental data","venue":"Plant Methods","year":2023,"authors":["Sangyeon Lee","Choa Mun Yun"],"abstract":"Crop pests reduce productivity, so managing them through early detection and prevention is essential. Data from various modalities are being used to predict crop diseases by applying machine learning methodology. In particular, because growth environment data is relatively easy to obtain, many attempts are made to predict pests and diseases using it. In this paper, we propose a model that predicts diseases through previous growth environment information of crops, including air temperature, relative humidity, dew point, and CO_2 concentration, using deep learning techniques. Using large-scale public data on crops of strawberry, pepper, grape, tomato, and paprika, we showed the model can predict the risk score of crop pests and diseases. It showed high predictive performance with an average AUROC of 0.917, and based on the predicted results, it can help prevent pests or post-processing. This environmental data-based crop disease prediction model and learning framework are expected to be universally applicable to various facilities and crops for disease/pest prevention.","doi":"10.1186/s13007-023-01122-x","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4295e2af00a69c483b4de2116879018cc932f750","result_position":1,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":271750146,"title":"Algorithm for Crop Disease Detection Based on Channel Attention Mechanism and Lightweight Up-Sampling Operator","venue":"IEEE Access","year":2024,"authors":["Wei Chen","Lijuan Zheng","Jiping Xiong"],"abstract":"Crop diseases and pests cause significant economic losses to agriculture every year, making accurate identification crucial. Traditional pest and disease detection relies on farm experts, which is often time-consuming. Computer vision technology and artificial intelligence can provide automated disease detection, enabling real-time precise control of crop diseases and timely prevention measures. To accurately identify plant diseases under complex natural conditions, we developed an improved crop pest and disease recognition model based on the original YOLOv5 network. First, we integrated the Squeeze-and-Excitation (SE) module into YOLOv5, allowing our proposed model to better distinguish leaf features of different crops and accurately identify disease types. Second, to enhance the model’s feature extraction capability for diseased areas and reduce the loss of disease feature information, we replaced the original Up-sample module in YOLOv5 with a lightweight up-sampling operator, the CARAFE module. Third, we improved the original loss function using the EIoU loss function to increase the model’s detection accuracy. Lastly, to reduce model complexity and meet real-time detection requirements, we introduced the Ghost Convolution module into the backbone network. During the experimental phase, to validate the model’s effectiveness, we randomly divided sample images from the constructed crop pest and disease database into training, validation, and test sets. Experimental results showed that the improved YOLOv5 model achieved an accuracy of 90.0%, a recall rate of 91.4%, mAP@.50 of 92.1%, and mAP@.5:.95 of 64%. The parameter count and computational load were reduced by 23.9% and 31.2%, respectively, outperforming popular methods including YOLOv5, YOLOv7, and YOLOv8. The improved model can accurately identify crop pests and diseases under natural conditions and is suitable for deployment in real-world applications, providing a technical reference for crop pest and disease management.","doi":"10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3439410","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8b27d51b4263d05d476d499b4d644d4cdbdfa5e7","result_position":2,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":253692426,"title":"Automatic Classification Service System for Citrus Pest Recognition Based on Deep Learning","venue":"Italian National Conference on Sensors","year":2022,"authors":["Saebom Lee","Gyuhong Choi","Hyun-Cheol Park","Changyun Choi"],"abstract":"Plant diseases are a major cause of reduction in agricultural output, which leads to severe economic losses and unstable food supply. The citrus plant is an economically important fruit crop grown and produced worldwide. However, citrus plants are easily affected by various factors, such as climate change, pests, and diseases, resulting in reduced yield and quality. Advances in computer vision in recent years have been widely used for plant disease detection and classification, providing opportunities for early disease detection, and resulting in improvements in agriculture. Particularly, the early and accurate detection of citrus diseases, which are vulnerable to pests, is very important to prevent the spread of pests and reduce crop damage. Research on citrus pest disease is ongoing, but it is difficult to apply research results to cultivation owing to a lack of datasets for research and limited types of pests. In this study, we built a dataset by self-collecting a total of 20,000 citrus pest images, including fruits and leaves, from actual cultivation sites. The constructed dataset was trained, verified, and tested using a model that had undergone five transfer learning steps. All models used in the experiment had an average accuracy of 97% or more and an average f1 score of 96% or more. We built a web application server using the EfficientNet-b0 model, which exhibited the best performance among the five learning models. The built web application tested citrus pest disease using image samples collected from websites other than the self-collected image samples and prepared data, and both samples correctly classified the disease. The citrus pest automatic diagnosis web system using the model proposed in this study plays a useful auxiliary role in recognizing and classifying citrus diseases. This can, in turn, help improve the overall quality of citrus fruits.","doi":"10.3390/s22228911","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1668cb36985c7028b22358c161c53236143cf18c","result_position":3,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":253784702,"title":"A Copy Paste and Semantic Segmentation-Based Approach for the Classification and Assessment of Significant Rice Diseases","venue":"Plants","year":2022,"authors":["Zhiyong Li","Peng Chen","Luyu Shuai","Mantao Wang","Liang Zhang","Yuchao Wang","Jiong Mu"],"abstract":"The accurate segmentation of significant rice diseases and assessment of the degree of disease damage are the keys to their early diagnosis and intelligent monitoring and are the core of accurate pest control and information management. Deep learning applied to rice disease detection and segmentation can significantly improve the accuracy of disease detection and identification but requires a large number of training samples to determine the optimal parameters of the model. This study proposed a lightweight network based on copy paste and semantic segmentation for accurate disease region segmentation and severity assessment. First, a dataset for rice significant disease segmentation was selected and collated based on 3 open-source datasets, containing 450 sample images belonging to 3 categories of rice leaf bacterial blight, blast and brown spot. Then, to increase the diversity of samples, a data augmentation method, rice leaf disease copy paste (RLDCP), was proposed that expanded the collected disease samples with the concept of copy and paste. The new RSegformer model was then trained by replacing the new backbone network with the lightweight semantic segmentation network Segformer, combining the attention mechanism and changing the upsampling operator, so that the model could better balance local and global information, speed up the training process and reduce the degree of overfitting of the network. The results show that RLDCP could effectively improve the accuracy and generalisation performance of the semantic segmentation model compared with traditional data augmentation methods and could improve the MIoU of the semantic segmentation model by about 5% with a dataset only twice the size. RSegformer can achieve an 85.38% MIoU at a model size of 14.36 M. The method proposed in this paper can quickly, easily and accurately identify disease occurrence areas, their species and the degree of disease damage, providing a reference for timely and effective rice disease control.","doi":"10.3390/plants11223174","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ebb6f05b645f67f5a8ce333306579169e542c7ec","result_position":4,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":250407911,"title":"The power of transfer learning in agricultural applications: AgriNet","venue":"Frontiers in Plant Science","year":2022,"authors":["Zahraa Al Sahili","M. Awad"],"abstract":"Advances in deep learning and transfer learning have paved the way for various automation classification tasks in agriculture, including plant diseases, pests, weeds, and plant species detection. However, agriculture automation still faces various challenges, such as the limited size of datasets and the absence of plant-domain-specific pretrained models. Domain specific pretrained models have shown state of art performance in various computer vision tasks including face recognition and medical imaging diagnosis. In this paper, we propose AgriNet dataset, a collection of 160k agricultural images from more than 19 geographical locations, several images captioning devices, and more than 423 classes of plant species and diseases. We also introduce AgriNet models, a set of pretrained models on five ImageNet architectures: VGG16, VGG19, Inception-v3, InceptionResNet-v2, and Xception. AgriNet-VGG19 achieved the highest classification accuracy of 94% and the highest F1-score of 92%. Additionally, all proposed models were found to accurately classify the 423 classes of plant species, diseases, pests, and weeds with a minimum accuracy of 87% for the Inception-v3 model. Finally, experiments to evaluate of superiority of AgriNet models compared to ImageNet models were conducted on two external datasets: pest and plant diseases dataset from Bangladesh and a plant diseases dataset from Kashmir.","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2022.992700","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bcc767eb06d79be52b819aa198451dd2da342d9d","result_position":5,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":259216328,"title":"A Systematic Literature Review on Plant Disease Detection: Motivations, Classification Techniques, Datasets, Challenges, and Future Trends","venue":"IEEE Access","year":2023,"authors":["Wasswa Shafik","Ali Tufail","Abdallah Namoun","L. D. De Silva","R. Apong"],"abstract":"Plant pests and diseases are a significant threat to almost all major types of plants and global food security. Traditional inspection across different plant fields is time-consuming and impractical for a wider plantation size, thus reducing crop production. Therefore, many smart agricultural practices are deployed to control plant diseases and pests. Most of these approaches, for example, use vision-based artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), or deep learning (DL) methods and models to provide disease detection solutions. However, existing open issues must be considered and addressed before AI methods can be used. In this study, we conduct a systematic literature review (SLR) and present a detailed survey of the studies employing data collection techniques and publicly available datasets. To begin the review, 1349 papers were chosen from five major academic databases, namely Springer, IEEE Xplore, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ACM library. After deploying a comprehensive screening process, the review considered 176 final studies based on the importance of the method. Several crops, including grapes, rice, apples, cucumbers, maize, tomatoes, wheat, and potatoes, have tested mainly on the hyperspectral imagery and vision-centered approaches. Support Vector Machines (SVMs) and Logistic regression (LR) classifiers demonstrated an increased accuracy in experiments compared to traditional classifiers. Besides the image taxonomy, disease localization is depicted in these approaches as a bottle neck to disease detection. Cognitive CNNs with attention mechanisms and transfer learning are showing an increasing trend. There is no standard model performance assessment though the majority use accuracy, recall, precision, F1 Score, and confusion matrix. The available 11 datasets are laboratory and in-field based, and 9 are publicly available. Some laboratory-based datasets are considerably small, making them impractical in experiments. Finally, there is a need to avail models with fewer parameters, implementable on small devices and large datasets accommodating several crops and diseases to have robust models.","doi":"10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3284760","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5c1f66f848a2f90bcb204b8bed80903c0a356cd4","result_position":6,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":254910945,"title":"HiT-LIDIA: A Framework for Rice Leaf Disease Classification using Ensemble and Hierarchical Transfer Learning","venue":"Lontar Komputer","year":2022,"authors":["Oddy Virgantara Putra","N. Trisnaningrum","Niken Puspitasari","A. Wibowo","Ema Rachmawaty"],"abstract":"Rice is one of the global most critical harvests, and a great many people eat it as a staple eating routine. Different rice plant diseases harm, spread, and drastically reduce crop yields. In extreme situations, they may result in no grain harvest at all, posing a severe threat to food security. In this paper, to amplify the recognition ability for rice leaf disease (RLD) classification, we proposed hierarchical transfer learning (HTL) methods incorporating ensemble models containing two-step. In the first step, an ensemble combining MobileNet and DenseNet was addressed to tackle the diseased leaf problem. Consequently, DenseNet and XceptionNet were fused to identify three RLDs. Here, we compare our models with state-of-the-art deep learning models such as ResNet, DenseNet, InceptionNet, Xception, MobileNet, and EfficientNet. Our framework at top-notch with 89 % and 91 % for accuracy. In future works, RLD segmentation is suggested to pinpoint the illness and quantify the afflicted region.","doi":"10.24843/lkjiti.2022.v13.i03.p06","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/269f7d3b6710fbc848de051f4efb2ae2291fa0a5","result_position":7,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":271329208,"title":"Self-supervised transformer-based pre-training method with General Plant Infection dataset","venue":"Chinese Conference on Pattern Recognition and Computer Vision","year":2024,"authors":["Zhengle Wang","Rui-Feng Wang","Minjuan Wang","Tianyun Lai","Man Zhang"],"abstract":"Pest and disease classification is a challenging issue in agriculture. The performance of deep learning models is intricately linked to training data diversity and quantity, posing issues for plant pest and disease datasets that remain underdeveloped. This study addresses these challenges by constructing a comprehensive dataset and proposing an advanced network architecture that combines Contrastive Learning and Masked Image Modeling (MIM). The dataset comprises diverse plant species and pest categories, making it one of the largest and most varied in the field. The proposed network architecture demonstrates effectiveness in addressing plant pest and disease recognition tasks, achieving notable detection accuracy. This approach offers a viable solution for rapid, efficient, and cost-effective plant pest and disease detection, thereby reducing agricultural production costs. Our code and dataset will be publicly available to advance research in plant pest and disease recognition the GitHub repository at https://github.com/WASSER2545/GPID-22","doi":"10.1007/978-981-97-8490-5_14","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/202f211758eeebe7fa9b5bc661d04b90f59ff93a","result_position":8,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":253631597,"title":"Model and Data Engineering: 11th International Conference, MEDI 2022, Cairo, Egypt, November 21–24, 2022, Proceedings","venue":"International Conference on Model and Data Engineering","year":2023,"authors":["Yara Ali Alnaggar","A. Sebaq","K. Amer","El-Sayed S. Naeem","Mohamed ElHelw"],"abstract":"Rice is considered a strategic crop in Egypt as it is regularly consumed in the Egyptian people's diet. Even though Egypt is the highest rice producer in Africa with a share of 6 million tons per year, it still imports rice to satisfy its local needs due to production loss, especially due to rice disease. Rice blast disease is responsible for 30% loss in rice production worldwide. Therefore, it is crucial to target limiting yield damage by detecting rice crops diseases in its early stages. This paper introduces a public multispectral and RGB images dataset and a deep learning pipeline for rice plant disease detection using multi-modal data. The collected multispectral images consist of Red, Green and Near-Infrared channels and we show that using multispectral along with RGB channels as input archives a higher F1 accuracy compared to using RGB input only.","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-21595-7","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/81da017b61d86396ce5ec675ecc574b92106c866","result_position":9,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":254018440,"title":"Paddy Doctor: A Visual Image Dataset for Automated Paddy Disease Classification and Benchmarking","venue":"COMAD/CODS","year":2022,"authors":["Petchiammal","Briskline Kiruba","Murugan","P. Arjunan"],"abstract":"One of the critical biotic stress factors paddy farmers face is diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, and other organisms. These diseases affect plants’ health severely and lead to significant crop loss. Most of these diseases can be identified by regularly observing the leaves and stems under expert supervision. In a country with vast agricultural regions and limited crop protection experts, manual identification of paddy diseases is challenging. Thus, to add a solution to this problem, it is necessary to automate the disease identification process and provide easily accessible decision support tools to enable effective crop protection measures. However, the lack of availability of public datasets with detailed disease information limits the practical implementation of accurate disease detection systems. This paper presents Paddy Doctor, a visual image dataset for identifying paddy diseases. Our dataset contains 16,225 annotated paddy leaf images across 13 classes (12 diseases and normal leaf). We benchmarked the Paddy Doctor dataset using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and four transfer learning based models (VGG16, MobileNet, Xception, and ResNet34). The experimental results showed that ResNet34 achieved the highest F1-score of 97.50%. We release our dataset and reproducible code in the open source for community use.","doi":"10.1145/3570991.3570994","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/15427beab35d8fedf9338e6e9ec018b5952bdc6c","result_position":10,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":273839579,"title":"An Enhanced Deep Learning Model for Effective Crop Pest and Disease Detection","venue":"Journal of Imaging","year":2024,"authors":["Yongqi Yuan","Jinhu Sun","Qian Zhang"],"abstract":"Traditional machine learning methods struggle with plant pest and disease image recognition, particularly when dealing with small sample sizes, indistinct features, and numerous categories. This paper proposes an improved ResNet34 model (ESA-ResNet34) for crop pest and disease detection. The model employs ResNet34 as its backbone and introduces an efficient spatial attention mechanism (effective spatial attention, ESA) to focus on key regions of the images. By replacing the standard convolutions in ResNet34 with depthwise separable convolutions, the model reduces its parameter count by 85.37% and its computational load by 84.51%. Additionally, Dropout is used to mitigate overfitting, and data augmentation techniques such as center cropping and horizontal flipping are employed to enhance the model’s robustness. The experimental results show that the improved algorithm achieves an accuracy, precision, and F1 score of 87.09%, 87.14%, and 86.91%, respectively, outperforming several benchmark models (including AlexNet, VGG16, MobileNet, DenseNet, and various ResNet variants). These findings demonstrate that the proposed ESA-ResNet34 model significantly enhances crop pest and disease detection.","doi":"10.3390/jimaging10110279","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ce03aa054681a21dbd2224892f99c50e81baf89a","result_position":11,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":234807146,"title":"Knowledge-Based System for Crop Pests and Diseases Recognition","venue":"Electronics","year":2021,"authors":["Miguel Ángel Rodríguez-García","Francisco García-Sánchez","R. Valencia-García"],"abstract":"With the rapid increase in the world’s population, there is an ever-growing need for a sustainable food supply. Agriculture is one of the pillars for worldwide food provisioning, with fruits and vegetables being essential for a healthy diet. However, in the last few years the worldwide dispersion of virulent plant pests and diseases has caused significant decreases in the yield and quality of crops, in particular fruit, cereal and vegetables. Climate change and the intensification of global trade flows further accentuate the issue. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is an approach to pest control that aims at maintaining pest insects at tolerable levels, keeping pest populations below an economic injury level. Under these circumstances, the early identification of pests and diseases becomes crucial. In this work, we present the first step towards a fully fledged, semantically enhanced decision support system for IPM. The ultimate goal is to build a complete agricultural knowledge base by gathering data from multiple, heterogeneous sources and to develop a system to assist farmers in decision making concerning the control of pests and diseases. The pest classifier framework has been evaluated in a simulated environment, obtaining an aggregated accuracy of 98.8%.","doi":"10.3390/ELECTRONICS10080905","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d6f250a7fb152498ab675bad5a4487ccf35e993f","result_position":12,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":258295313,"title":"An ultra-lightweight efficient network for image-based plant disease and pest infection detection","venue":"Precision Agriculture","year":2023,"authors":["Beibei Wang","Chenxi Zhang","Yanyan Li","Chunxia Cao","Daye Huang","Yan Gong"],"abstract":"Plant diseases and pest infections are major factors that undermine the growth of plants along with their life cycle. Optical image-based plant disease detection provides an efficient and low cost way for real-time plant growth monitoring and management. In recent years, the thriving development of deep learning techniques in a variety of communities has validated its great performance in image interpretation and understanding. Existing deep learning-based methods for plant disease classification mostly adopt convolutional neural networks (CNNs) that have been originally developed for general image classification purposes. These CNN architectures consist of a very large volume of training parameters, which severely hinders its applicability under scenarios requiring fast and flexible deployment on compact devices with limited computation powers. In this paper, an ultra-lightweight efficient network (ULEN) is proposed targeting image-based plant disease and pest infection detection. The proposed network consists of two parts, a deep feature extraction module that adopts residual depth-wise convolution and a classification module receiving multi-scale features enhanced by a spatial pyramid pooling layer. The network is constructed in a very compact design with approximately only 100 000 parameters, which greatly favors the demand for a lightweight model for practical needs. Two publicly available plant datasets collected at the indoor and outdoor environments were tested on two compact devices to validate its applicability under different scenarios. Compared with the state-of-the-art architectures, the proposed network showed superior performance with the least computation complexity and compelling classification accuracy.","doi":"10.1007/s11119-023-10020-0","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1ea525f6e8066b7467dfa51c84f4d9a0f3cba7b2","result_position":13,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":275443860,"title":"Apnet: Lightweight network for apricot tree disease and pest detection in real-world complex backgrounds","venue":"Plant Methods","year":2025,"authors":["Minglang Li","Zhiyong Tao","Wentao Yan","Sen Lin","Kaihao Feng","Zeyi Zhang","Yurong Jing"],"abstract":"Apricot trees, serving as critical agricultural resources, hold a significant role within the agricultural domain. Conventional methods for detecting pests and diseases in these trees are notably labor-intensive. Many conditions affecting apricot trees manifest distinct visual symptoms that are ideally suited for precise identification and classification via deep learning techniques. Despite this, the academic realm currently lacks extensive, realistic datasets and deep learning strategies specifically crafted for apricot trees. This study introduces ATZD01, a publicly accessible dataset encompassing 11 categories of apricot tree pests and diseases, meticulously compiled under genuine field conditions. Furthermore, we introduce an innovative detection algorithm founded on convolutional neural networks, specifically devised for the management of apricot tree pests and diseases. To enhance the accuracy of detection, we have developed a novel object detection framework, APNet, alongside a dedicated module, the Adaptive Thresholding Algorithm (ATA), tailored for the detection of apricot tree afflictions. Experimental evaluations reveal that our proposed algorithm attains an accuracy rate of 87.1% on ATZD01, surpassing the performance of all other leading algorithms tested, thereby affirming the effectiveness of our dataset and model. The code and dataset will be made available at https://github.com/meanlang/ATZD01.","doi":"10.1186/s13007-025-01324-5","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/efa62e90402aec8aab9f2b07391c44f97821105b","result_position":14,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":261843617,"title":"OLID I: an open leaf image dataset for plant stress recognition","venue":"Frontiers in Plant Science","year":2023,"authors":["Nabil Anan Orka","M. M. Uddin","Fardeen Md. Toushique","M. S. Hossain","Nieves Goicoechea","S. K. Noon","Guoxiong Zhou"],"abstract":"COPYRIGHT © 2023 Orka, Uddin, Toushique and Hossain. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. TYPE Data Report PUBLISHED 12 September 2023 DOI 10.3389/fpls.2023.1251888","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2023.1251888","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fb497b8ff0d07ccdbf2cc12a513f7de66910e31f","result_position":15,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":257269944,"title":"ERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF ALEXNET CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK (CNN) ARCHITECTURE WITH IMAGE OBJECTS OF RICE PLANT LEAVES","venue":"JITK (Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Komputer)","year":2023,"authors":["Adi Fajaryanto Cobantoro","Fauzan Masykur","Kelik Sussolaikah"],"abstract":"Rice is a staple food consumed by Indonesian people, even 75% of the world's population consumes rice and it is mostly found in Asia. Rice derived from pounded rice is a staple food so it can be consumed. In the process of planting rice, pests and diseases are not spared so that it can affect crop yields. Pest and disease attacks need fast, accurate and precise handling so that crop failures. In this paper, we will discuss the classification of leaf diseases of rice plants using the Convolutional Neural Network (CNNN) algorithm, especially the Alexnet architecture. There are 4 types of disease, namely Brown spot, Leafblast, Hispa and Healthy. Models built based on the Alexnet architecture may have differences in the level of accuracy and loss compared to other architectures due to the different stages in the sequential model formation. The dataset used is public data from Kaggle consisting of 4 classes with a total of 1,600 images. In each class the dataset is divided for training, testing and validation datasets with a ratio of 70:20:10. As for tools in the process of training datasets using Google Colab from Google. After going through the stages of the research, the research results obtained are accuracy worth 99,22%, mean average precision worth 0,24 and loss worth 0,05.","doi":"10.33480/jitk.v8i2.4060","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cd5ca973d6587a6b350ef5635ec7192b3b0e4fca","result_position":16,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":208267751,"title":"PlantDoc: A Dataset for Visual Plant Disease Detection","venue":"COMAD/CODS","year":2019,"authors":["D. Singh","Naman Jain","Pranjali Jain","Pratik Kayal","Sudhakar Kumawat","Nipun Batra"],"abstract":"India loses 35% of the annual crop yield due to plant diseases. Early detection of plant diseases remains difficult due to the lack of lab infrastructure and expertise. In this paper, we explore the possibility of computer vision approaches for scalable and early plant disease detection. The lack of availability of sufficiently large-scale non-lab data set remains a major challenge for enabling vision based plant disease detection. Against this background, we present PlantDoc: a dataset for visual plant disease detection. Our dataset contains 2,598 data points in total across 13 plant species and up to 17 classes of diseases, involving approximately 300 human hours of effort in annotating internet scraped images. To show the efficacy of our dataset, we learn 3 models for the task of plant disease classification. Our results show that modelling using our dataset can increase the classification accuracy by up to 31%. We believe that our dataset can help reduce the entry barrier of computer vision techniques in plant disease detection.","doi":"10.1145/3371158.3371196","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/149720bb953c385f950fae3c68ab5a11c0af952d","result_position":17,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":197466186,"title":"IP102: A Large-Scale Benchmark Dataset for Insect Pest Recognition","venue":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","year":2019,"authors":["Xiaoping Wu","Chi Zhan","Yu-Kun Lai","Ming-Ming Cheng","Jufeng Yang"],"abstract":"Insect pests are one of the main factors affecting agricultural product yield. Accurate recognition of insect pests facilitates timely preventive measures to avoid economic losses. However, the existing datasets for the visual classification task mainly focus on common objects, e.g., flowers and dogs. This limits the application of powerful deep learning technology on specific domains like the agricultural field. In this paper, we collect a large-scale dataset named IP102 for insect pest recognition. Specifically, it contains more than 75, 000 images belonging to 102 categories, which exhibit a natural long-tailed distribution. In addition, we annotate about 19, 000 images with bounding boxes for object detection. The IP102 has a hierarchical taxonomy and the insect pests which mainly affect one specific agricultural product are grouped into the same upperlevel category. Furthermore, we perform several baseline experiments on the IP102 dataset, including handcrafted and deep feature based classification methods. Experimental results show that this dataset has the challenges of interand intra- class variance and data imbalance. We believe our IP102 will facilitate future research on practical insect pest control, fine-grained visual classification, and imbalanced learning fields. We make the dataset and pre-trained models publicly available at https://github.com/xpwu95/IP102.","doi":"10.1109/CVPR.2019.00899","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cdc4730a37c9f9add9092a04da762f9abac5e988","result_position":18,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":52124084,"title":"Annotated Plant Pathology Databases for Image-Based Detection and Recognition of Diseases","venue":"IEEE Latin America Transactions","year":2018,"authors":["Jayme Garcia Arnal Barbedo","Luciano Vieira Koenigkan","Bernardo de Almeida Halfeld-Vieira","Rodrigo Veras Costa","Kátia Lima Nechet","Claudia Vieira Godoy","Murillo Lobo Junior","Flavia Rodrigues Alves Patricio","V. Talamini","Luiz Gonzaga Chitarra","Saulo Alves Santos Oliveira","Alessandra Keiko Nakasone Ishida","Jose Mauricio Cunha Fernandes","Thiago Teixeira Santos","Fabio Rossi Cavalcanti","D. Terao","F. Angelotti"],"abstract":"Over the last few years, considerable effort has been spent by Embrapa in the construction of a plant disease database representative enough for the development of effective methods for automatic plant disease detection and recognition. In October of 2016, this database, called PDDB, had 2326 images of 171 diseases and other disorders affecting 21 plant species. PDDB size, although considerable, is not enough to allow the use of powerful techniques such as deep learning. In order to increase its size, each image was subdivided according to certain criteria, increasing the number of images to 46,513. Both the original (PDDB) and subdivided (XDB) databases are now being made freely available for academic research purposes, thus supporting new studies and contributing to speed up the advances in the area. Both collections are expected to grow continuously in order to expand their reach. PDDB and XDB can be accessed in the link https://www.digipathos-rep.cnptia.embrapa.br/.","doi":"10.1109/TLA.2018.8444395","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f86dae8cfb115aca709283dc0e518dd3cc65c5d1","result_position":19,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":267288471,"title":"Real-Time Plant Disease Dataset Development and Detection of Plant Disease Using Deep Learning","venue":"IEEE Access","year":2024,"authors":["D. Joseph","P. Pawar","Kaustubh Chakradeo"],"abstract":"Agriculture plays a significant role in meeting food needs and providing food security for the increasingly growing global population, which has increased by 0.88% since 2022. Plant diseases can reduce food production and affect food security. Worldwide crop loss due to plant disease is estimated to be around 14.1%. The lack of proper identification of plant disease at the early stages of infection can result in inappropriate disease control measures. Therefore, the automatic identification and diagnosis of plant diseases are highly recommended. Lack of availability of large amounts of data that are not processed to a large extent is one of the main challenges in plant disease diagnosis. In the current manuscript, we developed datasets for food grains specifically for rice, wheat, and maize to address the identified challenges. The developed datasets consider the common diseases (two bacterial diseases and two fungal diseases of rice, four fungal diseases of maize, and four fungal diseases of wheat) that affect crop yields and cause damage to the whole plant. The datasets developed were applied to eight fine-tuned deep learning models with the same training hyperparameters. The experimental results based on eight fine-tuned deep learning models show that, while recognizing maize leaf diseases, the models Xception and MobileNet performed best with a testing accuracy of 0.9580 and 0.9464 respectively. Similarly, while recognizing the wheat leaf diseases, the models MobileNetV2 and MobileNet performed best with a testing accuracy of 0.9632 and 0.9628 respectively. The Xception and Inception V3 models performed best, with a testing accuracy of 0.9728 and 0.9620, respectively, for recognizing rice leaf diseases. The research also proposes a new convolutional neural network (CNN) model trained from scratch on all three food grain datasets developed. The proposed model performs well and shows a testing accuracy of 0.9704, 0.9706, and 0.9808 respectively on the maize, rice, and wheat datasets.","doi":"10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3358333","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/30c54dfb79a4c62bf06ed52a44df2236b6c05c34","result_position":20,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":273554989,"title":"An Improved Multi-Scale Feature Extraction Network for Rice Disease and Pest Recognition","venue":"Insects","year":2024,"authors":["Pengtao Lv","Heliang Xu","Yana Zhang","Qinghui Zhang","Quan Pan","Yao Qin","Youyang Chen","Dengke Cao","Jingping Wang","Mengya Zhang","Cong Chen"],"abstract":"Simple Summary Rice is one of the most important sources of food for humans. However, rice production is frequently threatened by pests and diseases, resulting in significant losses. In this study, we developed a model that can assist agricultural practitioners in accurately identifying different types of rice pests and diseases. Our model can accurately identify seven different categories of rice pests and diseases, which enables agriculturalists to promptly identify the causes of crop damage and take appropriate measures to protect their crops. We hope that the application of this technology will reduce global rice losses and alleviate the problem of the global food crisis. Abstract In the process of rice production, rice pests are one of the main factors that cause rice yield reduction. To implement prevention and control measures, it is necessary to accurately identify the types of rice pests and diseases. However, the application of image recognition technologies focused on the agricultural field, especially in the field of rice disease and pest identification, is relatively limited. Existing research on rice diseases and pests has problems such as single data types, low data volume, and low recognition accuracy. Therefore, we constructed the rice pest and disease dataset (RPDD), which was expanded through data enhancement methods. Then, based on the ResNet structure and the convolutional attention mechanism module, we proposed a Lightweight Multi-scale Feature Extraction Network (LMN) to extract multi-scale features at a finer granularity. The proposed LMN model achieved an average classification accuracy of 95.38% and an F1-Score of 94.5% on the RPDD. The parameter size of the model is 1.4 M, and the FLOPs is 1.65 G. The results suggest that the LMN model performs rice disease and pest classification tasks more effectively than the baseline ResNet model by significantly reducing the model size and improving accuracy.","doi":"10.3390/insects15110827","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cef4d7aa10226259f79e2af9230132a027b251f1","result_position":21,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":256602521,"title":"Plant Disease Diagnosing Based on Deep Learning Techniques","venue":"ARO. The Scientific Journal of Koya University","year":2023,"authors":["Saman M. Omer","K. Ghafoor","S. Askar"],"abstract":"Agriculture crops are highly significant for the sustenance of human life and act as an essential source for national income development worldwide. Plant diseases and pests are considered one of the most imperative factors influencing food production, quality, and minimize losses in production. Farmers are currently facing difficulty in identifying various plant diseases and pests, which are important to prevent plant diseases effectively in a complicated environment. The recent development of deep learning techniques has found use in the diagnosis of plant diseases and pests, providing a robust tool with highly accurate results. In this context, this paper presents a comprehensive review of the literature that aims to identify the state of the art of the use of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in the process of diagnosing and identification of plant pest and diseases. In addition, it presents some issues that are facing the models performance, and also indicates gaps that should be addressed in the future. In this regard, we review studies with various methods that addressed plant disease detection, dataset characteristics, the crops, and pathogens. Moreover, it discusses the commonly employed five-step methodology for plant disease recognition, involving data acquisition, preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction, and classification. It discusses various deep learning architecture-based solutions that have a faster convergence rate of plant disease recognition. From this review, it is possible to understand the innovative trends regarding the use of CNN’s algorithms in the plant diseases diagnosis and to recognize the gaps that need the attention of the research community.","doi":"10.14500/aro.11080","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a950057affdf14740bf843e3d760768758b41f11","result_position":22,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":261847730,"title":"FCBTYOLO: A Lightweight and High-Performance Fine Grain Detection Strategy for Rice Pests","venue":"IEEE Access","year":2023,"authors":["Yiyu Yang","Yongjun Xiao","Ziao Chen","Duoxun Tang","Zhenghao Li","Zhiyong Li"],"abstract":"Frequent pest infestations in rice can substantially decrease rice yield, severely hindering agricultural production. Computer vision can assist farmers in timely locating and removing partial or even entire plants infested with pests, achieving pest control. However, the size and population density variance of paddy pests commonly cause interclass and intraclass differences in pest datasets, as well as an imbalance in hard samples. In addition, existing deep learning models struggle to balance compactness with high detection accuracy. This paper addresses these challenges by constructing the GPest14 dataset using FastGAN image generation technology, web crawlers, and manual selection. This is a large-scale rice pest dataset containing 14 categories suitable for training fine-grained visual detection tasks of rice pests. This work proposes the Fully Connected Bottleneck Transformer (FCBT) module, implants it into the tail of the YOLOv8n architecture backbone, and constructs the FCBTYOLO object detection model. Results indicate that the Gpest14 dataset increases by at least 12.2% in mean Average Precision (mAP) across major detection models. Simultaneously, our proposed FCBTYOLO model can achieve an average precision (mAP@50) of 93.6% with the network training weights constrained to a mere 6.7MB, and it only requires 16.8 milliseconds to detect a single pest image. FCBTYOLO has been validated on the large-scale public Pest24 dataset, where it can achieve a 1.1% improvement in mAP over the YOLOv8n model while maintaining the training weight at 8.3MB. Compared with existing pest detection models, FCBTYOLO exhibits lighter, superior performance and is more suitable for field-embedded deployment in digital agriculture.","doi":"10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3314697","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c83f8fbccb5e1451984c5a53d0e3fd29ac5fdff6","result_position":23,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":257678708,"title":"An advanced deep learning models-based plant disease detection: A review of recent research","venue":"Frontiers in Plant Science","year":2023,"authors":["M. Shoaib","Babar Shah","Shaker EI-Sappagh","Akhtar Ali","Asad Ullah","Fayadh S. Alenezi","T. Gechev","Tariq Hussain","F. Ali"],"abstract":"Plants play a crucial role in supplying food globally. Various environmental factors lead to plant diseases which results in significant production losses. However, manual detection of plant diseases is a time-consuming and error-prone process. It can be an unreliable method of identifying and preventing the spread of plant diseases. Adopting advanced technologies such as Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) can help to overcome these challenges by enabling early identification of plant diseases. In this paper, the recent advancements in the use of ML and DL techniques for the identification of plant diseases are explored. The research focuses on publications between 2015 and 2022, and the experiments discussed in this study demonstrate the effectiveness of using these techniques in improving the accuracy and efficiency of plant disease detection. This study also addresses the challenges and limitations associated with using ML and DL for plant disease identification, such as issues with data availability, imaging quality, and the differentiation between healthy and diseased plants. The research provides valuable insights for plant disease detection researchers, practitioners, and industry professionals by offering solutions to these challenges and limitations, providing a comprehensive understanding of the current state of research in this field, highlighting the benefits and limitations of these methods, and proposing potential solutions to overcome the challenges of their implementation.","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2023.1158933","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8c5ea98097aaff87011570e5f86ca1a004135a34","result_position":24,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":267812708,"title":"Rice pest dataset supports the construction of smart farming systems","venue":"Data in Brief","year":2024,"authors":["Luyl-Da Quach","K. N. Quoc","Anh Nguyen Ngoc Quynh","L. T. Thu"],"abstract":"Rice holds a significant position in the global food supply chain, particularly in Asian, African, and Latin American countries. However, rice pests and diseases cause significant damage to the supply and growth of the rice cultivation industry. Therefore, this article provides a high-quality dataset that has been reviewed by agricultural experts. The dataset is well-suited to support the development of automation systems and smart farming practices. It plays a vital role in facilitating the automatic construction, detection, and classification of rice diseases. However, challenges arise due to the diversity of the dataset collected from various sources, varying in terms of disease types and sizes. This necessitates support for upgrading and enhancing the dataset through various operations in data processing, preprocessing, and statistical analysis. The dataset is provided completely free of charge and has been rigorously evaluated by agricultural experts, making it a reliable resource for system development, research, and communication needs.","doi":"10.1016/j.dib.2024.110046","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3d9d7e76b2058f1a7b6bf30898f67d215e67f487","result_position":25,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":268027687,"title":"Using transfer learning-based plant disease classification and detection for sustainable agriculture","venue":"BMC Plant Biology","year":2024,"authors":["W. Shafik","Ali Tufail","Chandratilak De Silva Liyanage","R. Apong"],"abstract":"Subsistence farmers and global food security depend on sufficient food production, which aligns with the UN's “Zero Hunger,” “Climate Action,” and “Responsible Consumption and Production” sustainable development goals. In addition to already available methods for early disease detection and classification facing overfitting and fine feature extraction complexities during the training process, how early signs of green attacks can be identified or classified remains uncertain. Most pests and disease symptoms are seen in plant leaves and fruits, yet their diagnosis by experts in the laboratory is expensive, tedious, labor-intensive, and time-consuming. Notably, how plant pests and diseases can be appropriately detected and timely prevented is a hotspot paradigm in smart, sustainable agriculture remains unknown. In recent years, deep transfer learning has demonstrated tremendous advances in the recognition accuracy of object detection and image classification systems since these frameworks utilize previously acquired knowledge to solve similar problems more effectively and quickly. Therefore, in this research, we introduce two plant disease detection (PDDNet) models of early fusion (AE) and the lead voting ensemble (LVE) integrated with nine pre-trained convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and fine-tuned by deep feature extraction for efficient plant disease identification and classification. The experiments were carried out on 15 classes of the popular PlantVillage dataset, which has 54,305 image samples of different plant disease species in 38 categories. Hyperparameter fine-tuning was done with popular pre-trained models, including DenseNet201, ResNet101, ResNet50, GoogleNet, AlexNet, ResNet18, EfficientNetB7, NASNetMobile, and ConvNeXtSmall. We test these CNNs on the stated plant disease detection and classification problem, both independently and as part of an ensemble. In the final phase, a logistic regression (LR) classifier is utilized to determine the performance of various CNN model combinations. A comparative analysis was also performed on classifiers, deep learning, the proposed model, and similar state-of-the-art studies. The experiments demonstrated that PDDNet-AE and PDDNet-LVE achieved 96.74% and 97.79%, respectively, compared to current CNNs when tested on several plant diseases, depicting its exceptional robustness and generalization capabilities and mitigating current concerns in plant disease detection and classification.","doi":"10.1186/s12870-024-04825-y","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/790ad1ad1c0638031e1b18f0452417ca6e0b99b8","result_position":26,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":249807209,"title":"A Survey on Using Deep Learning Techniques for Plant Disease Diagnosis and Recommendations for Development of Appropriate Tools","venue":"Smart Agricultural Technology","year":2022,"authors":["A. Ahmad","D. Saraswat","A. E. Gamal"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.atech.2022.100083","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/577706187a9804b06fe33ed73c655f399034a638","result_position":27,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":232042081,"title":"Plant diseases and pests detection based on deep learning: a review","venue":"Plant Methods","year":2021,"authors":["Jun Liu","Xuewei Wang"],"abstract":"Plant diseases and pests are important factors determining the yield and quality of plants. Plant diseases and pests identification can be carried out by means of digital image processing. In recent years, deep learning has made breakthroughs in the field of digital image processing, far superior to traditional methods. How to use deep learning technology to study plant diseases and pests identification has become a research issue of great concern to researchers. This review provides a definition of plant diseases and pests detection problem, puts forward a comparison with traditional plant diseases and pests detection methods. According to the difference of network structure, this study outlines the research on plant diseases and pests detection based on deep learning in recent years from three aspects of classification network, detection network and segmentation network, and the advantages and disadvantages of each method are summarized. Common datasets are introduced, and the performance of existing studies is compared. On this basis, this study discusses possible challenges in practical applications of plant diseases and pests detection based on deep learning. In addition, possible solutions and research ideas are proposed for the challenges, and several suggestions are given. Finally, this study gives the analysis and prospect of the future trend of plant diseases and pests detection based on deep learning.","doi":"10.1186/s13007-021-00722-9","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b415adc22ac3133c82078c987303c422c56b3b5e","result_position":28,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":221097104,"title":"Deep feature based rice leaf disease identification using support vector machine","venue":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture","year":2020,"authors":["Dr. Prabira Kumar Sethy","N. Barpanda","A. Rath","S. Behera"],"abstract":"Abstract Features are the vital factor for image classification in the field of machine learning. The advancement of deep convolutional neural network (CNN) shows the way for identification of rice diseases using deep features with the expectation of high returns. This paper introduced 5932 on-field images of four types of rice leaf diseases, namely bacterial blight, blast, brown spot and tungro. In addition, the performance evaluation of 11 CNN models in transfer learning approach and deep feature plus support vector machine (SVM) was carried out. The simulation results show the deep feature plus SVM perform better classification compared to transfer learning counterpart. Also, the performance of small CNN models such as mobilenetv2 and shufflenet was examined. The performance evaluation was carried out in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, false positive rate (FPR), F1 Score and training time. Again, the statistical analysis was performed to choose the better classification model. The deep feature of ResNet50 plus SVM performs better with F1 score of 0.9838. The fc6 layer of vgg16, vgg19 and AlexNet have better contribution towards classification compared to fc7 and fc8. Further, the F1 score of CNN classification models was compared with other traditional image classification models such as bag-of-feature, local binary patterns (LBP) plus SVM, histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) plus SVM and Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) plus SVM.","doi":"10.1016/j.compag.2020.105527","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ae2190e83f17cca145c004ba512a22eae31a0c0f","result_position":29,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":270676601,"title":"Research on Intelligent Recognition for Plant Pests and Diseases Based on Improved YOLOv8 Model","venue":"Applied Sciences","year":2024,"authors":["Yuchun Wang","Cancan Yi","Tao Huang","Jun Liu"],"abstract":"Plant pests and diseases are important parts of insect disease control and the high-quality development of agriculture. Traditional methods for identifying plant diseases and pests suffer from low accuracy and slow speed, while the existing machine learning methods are constrained by environmental and technological factors, leading to low recognition efficiency. To address the issue of the above problems, this paper has proposed an intelligent recognition algorithm based on the improved YOLOv8 model, which has high recognition accuracy and speed. Firstly, in the Backbone network, the Global Attention Mechanism (GAM) is adopted to weigh the important feature information, thereby improving the accuracy of the model. Secondly, in the mixed feature part of the Neck network, the Receptive-Field Attention Convolutional (RFA Conv) operation is used instead of standard convolution operations to enhance the processing ability for feature information and to reduce computational complexity and costs, thus improving the network performance. After verifying the rice and cotton datasets, the accuracy indicator mean average precision (mAP) reaches 71.27% and 82.91%, respectively, in the two different datasets. Comparing these indices with those of the Faster R-CNN, YOLOv7, and the original YOLOv8 model, the results fully demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the improved model in terms of detection accuracy.","doi":"10.3390/app14125353","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6528ac19054690a1d372a998db44c454f8aa6de8","result_position":30,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":250661236,"title":"Rice Leaves Disease Detection and Classification Using Transfer Learning Technique","venue":"2022 2nd International Conference on Advance Computing and Innovative Technologies in Engineering (ICACITE)","year":2022,"authors":["Rukhsar","Santosh Kumar Upadhyay"],"abstract":"The demand for food grains is increasing as the world's population grows. Half of the country's population relies on paddy as a food source. Most farmers struggle with the challenges in the early detection of rice leaf disease. Rice leaf diseases such as Blast, blight, and tungro can be detected early using transfer learning models, allowing us to prevent disease spread over the entire plant and thus increasing the rice yields. Using transfer learning techniques DenseNet201, the suggested system has been used to identify diseases in rice crops. This research focuses on three well-known rice diseases: fungus-caused blast, bacteria-caused bacterial leaf blight, and virus-caused tungro. A total dataset of 240 images of three classes is taken. When compared to existing models, our experimental results analysis of DenseN et201 has a higher accuracy of 96.09 percent. The same data set is also applied to simple CNN, which has achieved a 62.20% accuracy.","doi":"10.1109/icacite53722.2022.9823596","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/973715adcecb577171e5fa9df68df965ff397ca9","result_position":31,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":258078252,"title":"Algorithms and Models for Automatic Detection and Classification of Diseases and Pests in Agricultural Crops: A Systematic Review","venue":"Applied Sciences","year":2023,"authors":["Mauro Francisco","F. Ribeiro","J. Metrôlho","Rogério Dionísio"],"abstract":"Plant diseases and pests significantly influence food production and the productivity and economic profitability of agricultural crops. This has led to great interest in developing technological solutions to enable timely and accurate detection. This systematic review aimed to find studies on the automation of processes to detect, identify and classify diseases and pests in agricultural crops. The goal is to characterize the class of algorithms, models and their characteristics and understand the efficiency of the various approaches and their applicability. The literature search was conducted in two citation databases. The initial search returned 278 studies and, after removing duplicates and applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 48 articles were included in the review. As a result, seven research questions were answered that allowed a characterization of the most studied crops, diseases and pests, the datasets used, the algorithms, their inputs and the levels of accuracy that have been achieved in automatic identification and classification of diseases and pests. Some trends that have been most noticed are also highlighted.","doi":"10.3390/app13084720","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bf98799d5182fb4482cbc303211f67fd301fcba9","result_position":32,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":247869311,"title":"A Spatial Feature-Enhanced Attention Neural Network with High-Order Pooling Representation for Application in Pest and Disease Recognition","venue":"Agriculture","year":2022,"authors":["Jianlei Kong","Hong-Xing Wang","Chengcai Yang","Xue-bo Jin","Min Zuo","Xin Zhang"],"abstract":"With the development of advanced information and intelligence technologies, precision agriculture has become an effective solution to monitor and prevent crop pests and diseases. However, pest and disease recognition in precision agriculture applications is essentially the fine-grained image classification task, which aims to learn effective discriminative features that can identify the subtle differences among similar visual samples. It is still challenging to solve for existing standard models troubled by oversized parameters and low accuracy performance. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a feature-enhanced attention neural network (Fe-Net) to handle the fine-grained image recognition of crop pests and diseases in innovative agronomy practices. This model is established based on an improved CSP-stage backbone network, which offers massive channel-shuffled features in various dimensions and sizes. Then, a spatial feature-enhanced attention module is added to exploit the spatial interrelationship between different semantic regions. Finally, the proposed Fe-Net employs a higher-order pooling module to mine more highly representative features by computing the square root of the covariance matrix of elements. The whole architecture is efficiently trained in an end-to-end way without additional manipulation. With comparative experiments on the CropDP-181 Dataset, the proposed Fe-Net achieves Top-1 Accuracy up to 85.29% with an average recognition time of only 71 ms, outperforming other existing methods. More experimental evidence demonstrates that our approach obtains a balance between the model’s performance and parameters, which is suitable for its practical deployment in precision agriculture art applications.","doi":"10.3390/agriculture12040500","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/779429786a59d52438942c430cf68f99ca89cb3f","result_position":33,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":259927881,"title":"A lightweight model for efficient identification of plant diseases and pests based on deep learning","venue":"Frontiers in Plant Science","year":2023,"authors":["Hongliang Guan","Chen Fu","Guangyuan Zhang","Kefeng Li","Peng Wang","Zhenfang Zhu"],"abstract":"Plant diseases and pests have always been major contributors to losses that occur in agriculture. Currently, the use of deep learning-based convolutional neural network models allows for the accurate identification of different types of plant diseases and pests. To enable more efficient identification of plant diseases and pests, we design a novel network architecture called Dise-Efficient based on the EfficientNetV2 model. Our experiments demonstrate that training this model using a dynamic learning rate decay strategy can improve the accuracy of plant disease and pest identification. Furthermore, to improve the model’s generalization ability, transfer learning is incorporated into the training process. Experimental results indicate that the Dise-Efficient model boasts a compact size of 13.3 MB. After being trained using the dynamic learning rate decay strategy, the model achieves an accuracy of 99.80% on the Plant Village plant disease and pest dataset. Moreover, through transfer learning on the IP102 dataset, which represents real-world environmental conditions, the Dise-Efficient model achieves a recognition accuracy of 64.40% for plant disease and pest identification. In light of these results, the proposed Dise-Efficient model holds great potential as a valuable reference for the deployment of automatic plant disease and pest identification applications on mobile and embedded devices in the future.","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2023.1227011","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8ccde395bff14d3b043ffb04b241ab2a52bac284","result_position":34,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":276552991,"title":"Leveraging deep learning for plant disease and pest detection: a comprehensive review and future directions","venue":"Frontiers in Plant Science","year":2025,"authors":["Muhammad Shoaib","A. Sadeghi-Niaraki","Farman Ali","Irfan Hussain","Shah Khalid"],"abstract":"Plant diseases and pests pose significant threats to crop yield and quality, prompting the exploration of digital image processing techniques for their detection. Recent advancements in deep learning models have shown remarkable progress in this domain, outperforming traditional methods across various fronts including classification, detection, and segmentation networks. This review delves into recent research endeavors focused on leveraging deep learning for detecting plant and pest diseases, reflecting a burgeoning interest among researchers in artificial intelligence-driven approaches for agricultural analysis. The study begins by elucidating the limitations of conventional detection methods, setting the stage for exploring the challenges and opportunities inherent in deploying deep learning in real-world applications for plant disease and pest infestation detection. Moreover, the review offers insights into potential solutions while critically analyzing the obstacles encountered. Furthermore, it conducts a meticulous examination and prognostication of the trajectory of deep learning models in plant disease and pest infestation detection. Through this comprehensive analysis, the review seeks to provide a nuanced understanding of the evolving landscape and prospects in this vital area of agricultural research. The review highlights that state-of-the-art deep learning models have achieved impressive accuracies, with classification tasks often exceeding 95% and detection and segmentation networks demonstrating precision rates above 90% in identifying plant diseases and pest infestations. These findings underscore the transformative potential of deep learning in revolutionizing agricultural diagnostics.","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1538163","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c95b2f15c5541ce6664ac8d0c942054eac0df8b8","result_position":35,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":267252581,"title":"TRiP: a transfer learning based rice disease phenotype recognition platform using SENet and microservices","venue":"Frontiers in Plant Science","year":2024,"authors":["Peisen Yuan","Ye Xia","Yongchao Tian","Huanliang Xu"],"abstract":"Classification of rice disease is one significant research topics in rice phenotyping. Recognition of rice diseases such as Bacterialblight, Blast, Brownspot, Leaf smut, and Tungro are a critical research field in rice phenotyping. However, accurately identifying these diseases is a challenging issue due to their high phenotypic similarity. To address this challenge, we propose a rice disease phenotype identification framework which utilizing the transfer learning and SENet with attention mechanism on the cloud platform. The pre-trained parameters are transferred to the SENet network for parameters optimization. To capture distinctive features of rice diseases, the attention mechanism is applied for feature extracting. Experiment test and comparative analysis are conducted on the real rice disease datasets. The experimental results show that the accuracy of our method reaches 0.9573. Furthermore, we implemented a rice disease phenotype recognition platform based microservices architecture and deployed it on the cloud, which can provide rice disease phenotype recognition task as a service for easy usage.","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2023.1255015","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/10376ff0568c44a36e8167d23882b3b80598ec19","result_position":36,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":235729755,"title":"Convolutional Rebalancing Network for the Classification of Large Imbalanced Rice Pest and Disease Datasets in the Field","venue":"Frontiers in Plant Science","year":2021,"authors":["Guofeng Yang","Guipeng Chen","Cong Li","Jiangfan Fu","Yang Guo","Hua Liang"],"abstract":"The accurate classification of crop pests and diseases is essential for their prevention and control. However, datasets of pest and disease images collected in the field usually exhibit long-tailed distributions with heavy category imbalance, posing great challenges for a deep recognition and classification model. This paper proposes a novel convolutional rebalancing network to classify rice pests and diseases from image datasets collected in the field. To improve the classification performance, the proposed network includes a convolutional rebalancing module, an image augmentation module, and a feature fusion module. In the convolutional rebalancing module, instance-balanced sampling is used to extract features of the images in the rice pest and disease dataset, while reversed sampling is used to improve feature extraction of the categories with fewer images in the dataset. Building on the convolutional rebalancing module, we design an image augmentation module to augment the training data effectively. To further enhance the classification performance, a feature fusion module fuses the image features learned by the convolutional rebalancing module and ensures that the feature extraction of the imbalanced dataset is more comprehensive. Extensive experiments in the large-scale imbalanced dataset of rice pests and diseases (18,391 images), publicly available plant image datasets (Flavia, Swedish Leaf, and UCI Leaf) and pest image datasets (SMALL and IP102) verify the robustness of the proposed network, and the results demonstrate its superior performance over state-of-the-art methods, with an accuracy of 97.58% on rice pest and disease image dataset. We conclude that the proposed network can provide an important tool for the intelligent control of rice pests and diseases in the field.","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2021.671134","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8caf97b41bfa3bdc90b99d015eb066ba30e5ee28","result_position":37,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":258113142,"title":"Rice pest identification based on multi-scale double-branch GAN-ResNet","venue":"Frontiers in Plant Science","year":2023,"authors":["Kui Hu","Yongmin Liu","Jiawei Nie","Xinying Zheng","Wei Zhang","Yuanling Liu","Tian-Cheng Xie"],"abstract":"Rice production is crucial to the food security of all human beings, and how rice pests and diseases can be effectively prevented in and timely detected is a hotspot issue in the field of smart agriculture. Deep learning has become the preferred method for rice pest identification due to its excellent performance, especially in the aspect of autonomous learning of image features. However, in the natural environment, the dataset is too small and vulnerable to the complex background, which easily leads to problems such as overfitting, and too difficult to extract the fine features during the process of training. To solve the above problems, a Multi-Scale Dual-branch structural rice pest identification model based on a generative adversarial network and improved ResNet was proposed. Based on the ResNet model, the ConvNeXt residual block was introduced to optimize the calculation ratio of the residual blocks, and the double-branch structure was constructed to extract disease features of different sizes in the input disease images, which it adjusts the size of the convolution kernel of each branch. In the complex natural environment, data pre-processing methods such as random brightness and motion blur, and data enhancement methods such as mirroring, cropping, and scaling were used to allow the dataset of 5,932 rice disease images captured from the natural environment to be expanded to 20,000 by the dataset in this paper. The new model was trained on the new dataset to identify four common rice diseases. The experimental results showed that the recognition accuracy of the new rice pest recognition model, which was proposed for the first time, improved by 2.66% compared with the original ResNet model. Under the same experimental conditions, the new model had the best performance when compared with classical networks such as AlexNet, VGG, DenseNet, ResNet, and Transformer, and its recognition accuracy could be as high as 99.34%. The model has good generalization ability and excellent robustness, which solves the current problems in rice pest identification, such as the data set is too small and easy to lead to overfitting, and the picture background is difficult to extract disease features, and greatly improves the recognition accuracy of the model by using a multi-scale double branch structure. It provides a superior solution for crop pest and disease identification.","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2023.1167121","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/11fcdd85cb30f985e22fab7ad4569b6a936555cf","result_position":38,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":235427367,"title":"Image-Based Detection of Plant Diseases: From Classical Machine Learning to Deep Learning Journey","venue":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","year":2021,"authors":["Rehanullah Khan","Khalil Khan","Waleed Albattah","Ali Mustafa Qamar"],"abstract":"Plant disease automation in agriculture science is the primary concern for every country, as the food demand is increasing at a fast rate due to an increase in population. Moreover, the increased use of technology today has increased the efficacy and accuracy of detecting diseases in plants and animals. The detection process marks the beginning of a series of activities to fight the diseases and reduce their spread. Some diseases are also transmitted between animals and human beings, making it hard to fight them. For many years, scientists have researched how to deal with the common diseases that affect humans and plants. However, there are still many parts of the detection and discovery process that have not been completed. The technology used in medical procedures has not been adequate to detect all diseases on time, and that is why some diseases turn out to become pandemics because they are hard to detect on time. Our focus is to clarify the details about the diseases and how to detect them promptly with artificial intelligence. We discuss the use of machine learning and deep learning to detect diseases in plants automatically. Our study also focuses on how machine learning methods have been moved from conventional machine learning to deep learning in the last five years. Furthermore, different data sets related to plant diseases are discussed in detail. The challenges and problems associated with the existing systems are also presented.","doi":"10.1155/2021/5541859","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/99b32e402447ad13ca0da231b60885ff906f2221","result_position":39,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":264388954,"title":"MCD-Yolov5: Accurate, Real-Time Crop Disease and Pest Identification Approach Using UAVs","venue":"Electronics","year":2023,"authors":["Lianpeng Li","Hui Zhao","Ning Liu"],"abstract":"As the principal factor affecting global food production, accurate identification of agricultural pests and diseases is crucial in ensuring a sustainable food supply. However, existing methods lack sufficient performance in terms of accuracy and real-time detection of multiple pests and diseases. Accordingly, accurate, efficient, and real-time identification of a wide range of pests and diseases is challenging. To address this, we propose an MCD-Yolov5 with a fusion design that combines multi-layer feature fusion (MLFF), convolutional block attention module CBAM, and detection transformer (DETF). In this model, we optimize the MLFF design to realize the dynamic adjustment of feature weights of the input feature layer to (1) find an appropriate distribution of feature information proportion for the detection task, (2) enhance detection speed by efficiently extracting effective images and effective features through CBAM, and (3) improve feature extraction capability through DETF to compensate for the accuracy problem of multiple pest detection. In addition, we established an unmanned aerial vehicle system (UAV) for crop pest and disease detection to assist in detection and prevention. We validate the performance of the proposed method through an established UAV platform, and five indicators are employed to quantify the performance. MCD-Yolov5 can detect pests and diseases with a large improvement in detection accuracy and detection efficiency, obtaining an 88.12% accuracy. The proposed method and system provide an idea for the effective identification of pests and diseases.","doi":"10.3390/electronics12204365","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cf1a061f9b2270431bc034b4791bc3ae4737b53a","result_position":40,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":260418689,"title":"Crop-saving with AI: latest trends in deep learning techniques for plant pathology","venue":"Frontiers in Plant Science","year":2023,"authors":["Zafar Salman","A. Muhammad","Md. Jalil Piran","Dongil Han"],"abstract":"Plant diseases pose a major threat to agricultural production and the food supply chain, as they expose plants to potentially disruptive pathogens that can affect the lives of those who are associated with it. Deep learning has been applied in a range of fields such as object detection, autonomous vehicles, fraud detection etc. Several researchers have tried to implement deep learning techniques in precision agriculture. However, there are pros and cons to the approaches they have opted for disease detection and identification. In this survey, we have made an attempt to capture the significant advancements in machine-learning based disease detection. We have discussed prevalent datasets and techniques that have been employed as well as highlighted emerging approaches being used for plant disease detection. By exploring these advancements, we aim to present a comprehensive overview of the prominent approaches in precision agriculture, along with their associated challenges and potential improvements. This paper delves into the challenges associated with the implementation and briefly discusses the future trends. Overall, this paper presents a bird’s eye view of plant disease datasets, deep learning techniques, their accuracies and the challenges associated with them. Our insights will serve as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in the field. We hope that this survey will inform and inspire future research efforts, ultimately leading to improved precision agriculture practices and enhanced crop health management.","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2023.1224709","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/76cfdda91da9a2ea9a51226196eb4b7c13e25baa","result_position":41,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":273258584,"title":"\"A novel hybrid deep learning framework for enhanced segmentation of rice leaf diseases using attention-driven efficientnet models\"","venue":"Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology","year":2024,"authors":["Pooja Sharma","Ajay Khunteta"],"abstract":"Rice diseases such as bacterial leaf blight, brown spot, and blast pose significant threats to global food security by reducing crop yields, making early and accurate detection crucial. This study aims to improve automated segmentation of rice leaf diseases using advanced deep learning techniques, specifically U-Net with MobileNetV2, DeepLabV3+ with EfficientNetB4, and U-Net with EfficientNetB7 integrated with attention gates. The models were evaluated on a dataset of diseased rice leaves for segmentation accuracy, computational efficiency, and robustness in real-world conditions. Results show that the U-Net with EfficientNetB7 and attention gates outperforms the other models, particularly for complex leaf images, achieving superior accuracy and generalization. This research provides a practical, real-time solution for early disease detection in rice, contributing to precision agriculture by helping reduce crop losses and optimize the use of agrochemicals, ultimately promoting sustainable crop management.","doi":"10.55214/25768484.v8i6.2167","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b05c7b4188493c5e4924c00d9db913668b632d36","result_position":42,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":67863756,"title":"Rice Blast Disease Recognition Using a Deep Convolutional Neural Network","venue":"Scientific Reports","year":2019,"authors":["Wanjie Liang","Hong Zhang","Gu-feng Zhang","Hong-xin Cao"],"abstract":"Rice disease recognition is crucial in automated rice disease diagnosis systems. At present, deep convolutional neural network (CNN) is generally considered the state-of-the-art solution in image recognition. In this paper, we propose a novel rice blast recognition method based on CNN. A dataset of 2906 positive samples and 2902 negative samples is established for training and testing the CNN model. In addition, we conduct comparative experiments for qualitative and quantitatively analysis in our evaluation of the effectiveness of the proposed method. The evaluation results show that the high-level features extracted by CNN are more discriminative and effective than traditional hand-crafted features including local binary patterns histograms (LBPH) and Haar-WT (Wavelet Transform). Moreover, quantitative evaluation results indicate that CNN with Softmax and CNN with support vector machine (SVM) have similar performances, with higher accuracy, larger area under curve (AUC), and better receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves than both LBPH plus an SVM as the classifier and Haar-WT plus an SVM as the classifier. Therefore, our CNN model is a top performing method for rice blast disease recognition and can be potentially employed in practical applications.","doi":"10.1038/s41598-019-38966-0","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/94a71b44e265594f2fea56230842698ce0424f77","result_position":43,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":255042329,"title":"An Intelligent System for Cucumber Leaf Disease Diagnosis Based on the Tuned Convolutional Neural Network Algorithm","venue":"Mobile Information Systems","year":2022,"authors":["Saman M. Omer","K. Ghafoor","S. Askar"],"abstract":"In agriculture farming, pests and other plant diseases are the most imperative factor that causes significant hindrance to cucumber production and its quality. Farmers around the globe are currently facing difficulty in recognizing various cucumber leaf diseases, which is imperative to preventing leaf diseases effectively. Manual techniques to diagnose cucumber diseases are often time-consuming, subjective, and laborious. To address this issue, this paper proposes a tuned convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm to recognise five cucumber diseases and healthy leaves that comprises image enhancement, feature extraction, and classification. Data augmentation methods were utilized as a preprocessing step to enlarge the datasets, and it was also to decrease the chance of overfitting. Automatically features are extracted by using CNN layers. Finally, five cucumber leaf diseases and one healthy leaf are classified. Furthermore, to overcome the lack of a public dataset, a new dataset of cucumber leaf diseases has been constructed that includes spider, leaf miner, downy mildew, powdery mildew, one viral disease, and healthy class leaves. The dataset has a total of 4868 cucumber leaf images. In order to prove the authenticity of the proposed CNN, comparative experiments were conducted using pretrained models (AlexNet, Inception-V3, and ResNet-50). The proposed CNN achieves a recognition accuracy of 98.19% with the augmented dataset and 100% with the publicly plant disease dataset. The experimental results confirm that the proposed CNN algorithm was efficient for recognizing the cucumber leaf diseases compared with other algorithms.","doi":"10.1155/2022/8909121","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/113de037733fbaf084acc1d602a3cdcf2f343bbc","result_position":44,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":250497701,"title":"A Dataset for Forestry Pest Identification","venue":"Frontiers in Plant Science","year":2022,"authors":["Bing Liu","Luyang Liu","Ran Zhuo","Weidong Chen","Rui Duan","Guishen Wang"],"abstract":"The identification of forest pests is of great significance to the prevention and control of the forest pests' scale. However, existing datasets mainly focus on common objects, which limits the application of deep learning techniques in specific fields (such as agriculture). In this paper, we collected images of forestry pests and constructed a dataset for forestry pest identification, called Forestry Pest Dataset. The Forestry Pest Dataset contains 31 categories of pests and their different forms. We conduct several mainstream object detection experiments on this dataset. The experimental results show that the dataset achieves good performance on various models. We hope that our Forestry Pest Dataset will help researchers in the field of pest control and pest detection in the future.","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2022.857104","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c7a1e854cef19744d38864575cf41e8c40ece72b","result_position":45,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":254295683,"title":"Data-centric annotation analysis for plant disease detection: Strategy, consistency, and performance","venue":"Frontiers in Plant Science","year":2022,"authors":["Jiuqing Dong","Jaehwan Lee","A. Fuentes","Mingle Xu","Sook Yoon","Mun-haeng Lee","D. Park"],"abstract":"Object detection models have become the current tool of choice for plant disease detection in precision agriculture. Most existing research improved the performance by ameliorating networks and optimizing the loss function. However, because of the vast influence of data annotation quality and the cost of annotation, the data-centric part of a project also needs more investigation. We should further consider the relationship between data annotation strategies, annotation quality, and the model’s performance. In this paper, a systematic strategy with four annotation strategies for plant disease detection is proposed: local, semi-global, global, and symptom-adaptive annotation. Labels with different annotation strategies will result in distinct models’ performance, and their contrasts are remarkable. An interpretability study of the annotation strategy is conducted by using class activation maps. In addition, we define five types of inconsistencies in the annotation process and investigate the severity of the impact of inconsistent labels on model’s performance. Finally, we discuss the problem of label inconsistency during data augmentation. Overall, this data-centric quantitative analysis helps us to understand the significance of annotation strategies, which provides practitioners a way to obtain higher performance and reduce annotation costs on plant disease detection. Our work encourages researchers to pay more attention to annotation consistency and the essential issues of annotation strategy. The code will be released at: https://github.com/JiuqingDong/PlantDiseaseDetection_Yolov5 .","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2022.1037655","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c5c1bc902e4447bc6e39f7a638f239d778696d0a","result_position":46,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":211834182,"title":"Detection of rice plant diseases based on deep transfer learning.","venue":"The Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture","year":2020,"authors":["Junde Chen","Defu Zhang","Y. A. Nanehkaran","Dele Li"],"abstract":"BACKGROUND\nAs the primary food for nearly half of the world's population, rice is cultivated almost all over the world, especially in Asian countries. However, the farmers and planting experts have been facing many persistent agricultural challenges for centuries, such as different diseases of rice. The severe rice diseases may lead to no harvest of grains; therefore, a fast, automatic, less expensive and accurate method to detect rice diseases is highly desired in the field of agricultural information.\n\n\nRESULTS\nIn this paper, we study the deep learning approach for solving the task since it has shown outstanding performance in image processing and classification problem. Combined the advantages of both, the DenseNet pre-trained on ImageNet and Inception module were selected to be used in the network, and this approach presents a superior performance with respect to other state-of-the-art methods. It achieves an average predicting accuracy of no less than 94.07% in the public dataset. Even when multiple diseases were considered, the average accuracy reaches 98.63% for the class prediction of rice disease images.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nThe experimental results prove the validity of the proposed approach, and it is accomplished efficiently for rice disease detection. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.","doi":"10.1002/jsfa.10365","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0be24c1d759f2886f5b49419518b8fb86db36629","result_position":47,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":236206005,"title":"Classification of Diseases in Paddy using Deep Convolutional Neural Network","venue":"Journal of Physics: Conference Series","year":2021,"authors":["V. Malathi","M. Gopinath"],"abstract":"Paddy disease detection is decisive in the field of automatic pathogens diagnosis machine. Currently, Deep Con- volutional neural network typically examined the state-of-the art results in image classification. In this work, we proposed a novel DCNN model to identify previously known bacteria leaf blight, brown spot, leaf blast, leaf smut and narrow diseases in prior knowledge. A unique repository of data holds 1260 images of different diseases, 80% of data carried out for training and 20% for testing the samples. To add advantages to our model, we built our model using ADAM optimizer and conducted comparative research over SVM (support vector machine), KNN (K-Nearest neighbor) and ANN (Artificial Neural Network). The dataset given to the novel DCNN model with keras framework and achieved testing accuracy of 0.940 with less training error rate of 0.013. The interpretation outcome demonstrates that high level image classification accuracy with less error rate was achieved by novel DCNN model than traditional methods. Therefore, our model performs best for recognizing 5 paddy diseases and can be possibly implemented in day to day life application.","doi":"10.1088/1742-6596/1964/4/042028","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8cf1130b46918bbbc306233c41013a020baa636c","result_position":48,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":225686318,"title":"Detecting and Classifying Pests in Crops Using Proximal Images and Machine Learning: A Review","venue":"Applied Informatics","year":2020,"authors":["J. Barbedo"],"abstract":"Pest management is among the most important activities in a farm. Monitoring all different species visually may not be effective, especially in large properties. Accordingly, considerable research effort has been spent towards the development of effective ways to remotely monitor potential infestations. A growing number of solutions combine proximal digital images with machine learning techniques, but since species and conditions associated to each study vary considerably, it is difficult to draw a realistic picture of the actual state of the art on the subject. In this context, the objectives of this article are (1) to briefly describe some of the most relevant investigations on the subject of automatic pest detection using proximal digital images and machine learning; (2) to provide a unified overview of the research carried out so far, with special emphasis to research gaps that still linger; (3) to propose some possible targets for future research.","doi":"10.3390/ai1020021","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/97d721668f0206c72e710a3f76e61dbaaadf5190","result_position":49,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":268898210,"title":"A Hybrid ViT-CNN Model Premeditated for Rice Leaf Disease Identification","venue":"International Journal of Computational Methods & Experimental Measurements","year":2024,"authors":["T. P","B. B"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT","doi":"10.18280/ijcmem.120104","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/506d162ed40de3978c857ac41be7952a83a16334","result_position":50,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":209509335,"title":"Experimental analysis and evaluation of wide residual networks based agricultural disease identification in smart agriculture system","venue":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","year":2019,"authors":["Haoxu Yang","Lutao Gao","Niansheng Tang","Po Yang"],"abstract":"Specialised pest and disease control in the agricultural crops industry have been a high-priority issue. Due to great cost-effectiveness and efficient automation, computer vision (CV)–based automatic pest or disease identification techniques are widely utilised in the smart agricultural systems. As rapid development of artificial intelligence, in the field of computer vision–based agricultural pest identification, an increasing number of scholars have begun to move their attentions from traditional machine learning models to deep learning techniques. However, so far, deep learning techniques still have been suffering from many problems such as limited data samples, cost-effectiveness of network structure, and high image quality requirements. These issues greatly limit the potential utilisation of deep-learning techniques into smart agricultural systems. This paper aims at investigating utilization of one new deep-learning model WRN (wide residual networks) into CV-based automatic disease identification problem. We first built up a large-scale agricultural disease images dataset containing over 36,000 pieces of diseases, which includes typical types of disease in tomato, potato, grape, corn and apple. Then, we analysed and evaluated wide residual networks algorithm using the Tesla K80 graphics processor (GPU) in the TensorFlow deep-learning framework. A set of comprehensive experimental protocols have been designed in comparing with GoogLeNet Inception V4 regarding several benchmarks. The experimental results indicate that (1) under WRN architecture, Softmax loss function gives a faster convergence and improved accuracy than GoogLeNet inception V4 network. (2) While WRN shows a good effect for identification of agricultural diseases, its effectiveness has a strong need on the number of training samples of dataset like at least 36 k images in our experiment. (3) The overall performance is better than 800 sheets. The disease identification results show that the WRN model can be applied to the identification of agricultural diseases.","doi":"10.1186/s13638-019-1613-z","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fd344a1063ee63f98ffef0227ddda04403677768","result_position":51,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":13558574,"title":"Detection and classification of rice plant diseases","venue":"International Journal of Intelligent Decision Technologies","year":2017,"authors":["Harshad B. Prajapati","Jitesh P. Shah","Vipul K. Dabhi"],"abstract":"Identification of diseases from the images of a plant is one of the interesting research areas in the agriculture field, for which machine learning concepts of computer field can be applied. This article presents a prototype system for detection and classification of rice diseases based on the images of infected rice plants. This prototype system is developed after detailed experimental analysis of various techniques used in image processing operations. We consider three rice plant diseases namely Bacterial leaf blight, Brown spot, and Leaf smut. We capture images of infected rice plants using a digital camera from a rice field. We empirically evaluate four techniques of background removal and three techniques of segmentation. To enable accurate extraction of features, we propose centroid feeding based K-means clustering for segmentation of disease portion from a leaf image. We enhance the output of K-means clustering by removing green pixels in the disease portion. We extract various features under three categories: color, shape, and texture. We use Support Vector Machine (SVM) for multi-class classification. We achieve 93.33% accuracy on training dataset and 73.33% accuracy on the test dataset. We also perform 5 and 10-fold cross-validations, for which we achieve 83.80% and 88.57% accuracy, respectively.","doi":"10.3233/IDT-170301","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1096029d936183d9e06f2d2bc295327e8d280583","result_position":52,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":103675575,"title":"Factors influencing the use of deep learning for plant disease recognition","venue":"Biosystems Engineering","year":2018,"authors":["J. Barbedo"],"abstract":"Deep learning is quickly becoming one of the most important tools for image classification. This technology is now beginning to be applied to the tasks of plant disease classification and recognition. The positive results that are being obtained using this approach hide some issues that are seldom taken into account in the respective experiments. This article presents an investigation into the main factors that affect the design and effectiveness of deep neural nets applied to plant pathology. An in-depth analysis of the subject, in which advantages and shortcomings are highlighted, should lead to more realistic conclusions on the subject. The arguments used throughout the text are built upon both studies found in the literature and experiments carried out using an image database carefully built to reflect and reproduce many of the conditions expected to be found in practice. This database, which contains almost 50,000 images, is being made freely available for academic purposes.","doi":"10.1016/J.BIOSYSTEMSENG.2018.05.013","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cfd9fadfeffd7b3dc71cfeed3a17d8df11ef9985","result_position":53,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":224777973,"title":"Comparative Study Of Deep Learning Algorithms For Disease And Pest Detection In Rice Crops","venue":"European Conference on Artificial Intelligence","year":2020,"authors":["S. Burhan","Sidra Minhas","Amara Tariq","M. Hassan"],"abstract":"Accurate and timely detection of rice crop diseases like Leaf Blast and Brown Spot, as well as pests like Hispa, can help minimize crop losses and increase the yield obtained. Since Pakistan is an agricultural country, such researches are imperative to its economic growth. This research is focused on a comparative study between the performances of five different Deep Learning Models i.e. Vgg16, Vgg19, ResNet50, ResNet50V2, and ResNet101V2 on both artificial data as well as on images collected from the rice fields in Gujranwala, Pakistan. The artificial data set has been classified into four classes Hispa, Healthy, Brown Spot, and Leaf Blast; whereas binary classification of Healthy Vs. Unhealthy has been performed on the data set collected from the fields. All images have been pre-processed by removing backgrounds and shadows before being passed through the models. On the artificial data set, the ResNet50 model performed the best with an accuracy of 75.0real data set, the ResNet101V2 was the best performing model with an accuracy of 86.799","doi":"10.1109/ECAI50035.2020.9223239","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fa8657f81bafb4e1e7999a15b25d7d8548827d1e","result_position":54,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":259226492,"title":"MobileNet-CA-YOLO: An Improved YOLOv7 Based on the MobileNetV3 and Attention Mechanism for Rice Pests and Diseases Detection","venue":"Agriculture","year":2023,"authors":["Liangquan Jia","Tao Wang","Yi Chen","Ying Zang","Xiangge Li","Haojie Shi","Lu Gao"],"abstract":"The efficient identification of rice pests and diseases is crucial for preventing crop damage. To address the limitations of traditional manual detection methods and machine learning-based approaches, a new rice pest and disease recognition model based on an improved YOLOv7 algorithm has been developed. The model utilizes the lightweight network MobileNetV3 for feature extraction, reducing parameterization, and incorporates the coordinate attention mechanism (CA) and the SIoU loss function for enhanced accuracy. The model has been tested on a dataset of 3773 rice pest and disease images, achieving an accuracy of 92.3% and an mAP@.5 of 93.7%. The proposed MobileNet-CA-YOLO model is a high-performance and lightweight solution for rice pest and disease detection, providing accurate and timely results for farmers and researchers.","doi":"10.3390/agriculture13071285","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dde305e5142ab197dad97f935d2009c29bfc37e8","result_position":55,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":251971593,"title":"Deep Learning Utilization in Agriculture: Detection of Rice Plant Diseases Using an Improved CNN Model","venue":"Plants","year":2022,"authors":["Ghazanfar Latif","S. Abdelhamid","R. Mallouhy","Jaafar M. Alghazo","Z. A. Kazimi"],"abstract":"Rice is considered one the most important plants globally because it is a source of food for over half the world’s population. Like other plants, rice is susceptible to diseases that may affect the quantity and quality of produce. It sometimes results in anywhere between 20–40% crop loss production. Early detection of these diseases can positively affect the harvest, and thus farmers would have to be knowledgeable about the various disease and how to identify them visually. Even then, it is an impossible task for farmers to survey the vast farmlands on a daily basis. Even if this is possible, it becomes a costly task that will, in turn, increases the price of rice for consumers. Machine learning algorithms fitted to drone technology combined with the Internet of Things (IoT) can offer a solution to this problem. In this paper, we propose a Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) transfer learning-based approach for the accurate detection and classification of rice leaf disease. The modified proposed approach includes a modified VGG19-based transfer learning method. The proposed modified system can accurately detect and diagnose six distinct classes: healthy, narrow brown spot, leaf scald, leaf blast, brown spot, and bacterial leaf blight. The highest average accuracy is 96.08% using the non-normalized augmented dataset. The corresponding precision, recall, specificity, and F1-score were 0.9620, 0.9617, 0.9921, and 0.9616, respectively. The proposed modified approach achieved significantly better results compared with similar approaches using the same dataset or similar-size datasets reported in the extant literature.","doi":"10.3390/plants11172230","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/579fa54501cc69583b2d9636e2a7178177efa3a4","result_position":56,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":270965842,"title":"A High-Precision Identification Method for Maize Leaf Diseases and Pests Based on LFMNet under Complex Backgrounds","venue":"Plants","year":2024,"authors":["Jintao Liu","Chaoying He","Yichu Jiang","Mingfang Wang","Ziqing Ye","Mingfang He"],"abstract":"Maize, as one of the most important crops in the world, faces severe challenges from various diseases and pests. The timely and accurate identification of maize leaf diseases and pests is of great significance for ensuring agricultural production. Currently, the identification of maize leaf diseases and pests faces two key challenges: (1) In the actual process of identifying leaf diseases and pests, complex backgrounds can interfere with the identification effect. (2) The subtle features of diseases and pests are difficult to accurately extract. To address these challenges, this study proposes a maize leaf disease and pest identification model called LFMNet. Firstly, the localized multi-scale inverted residual convolutional block (LMSB) is proposed to perform preliminary down-sampling on the image, preserving important feature information for the subsequent extraction of fine disease and pest features in the model structure. Then, the feature localization bottleneck (FLB) is proposed to improve the model’s ability to focus on and locate disease and pest characteristics and to reduce interference from complex backgrounds. Subsequently, the multi-hop local-feature fusion architecture (MLFFA) is proposed, which effectively addresses the problem of extracting subtle features by enhancing the extraction and fusion of global and local disease and pest features in images. After training and testing on a dataset containing 19,451 images of maize leaf diseases and pests, the LFMNet model demonstrated excellent performance, with an average identification accuracy of 95.68%, a precision of 95.91%, a recall of 95.78%, and an F1 score of 95.83%. Compared to existing models, it exhibits significant advantages, offering robust technical support for the precise identification of maize diseases and pests.","doi":"10.3390/plants13131827","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c6de60336621c78adf5a9fc9d25fd83bbface0a0","result_position":57,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":232023350,"title":"Identification of rice plant diseases using lightweight attention networks","venue":"Expert systems with applications","year":2021,"authors":["Junde Chen","Defu Zhang","Adnan Zeb","Y. A. Nanehkaran"],"abstract":"Abstract Rice is one of the most important crops in the world, and most people consume rice as a staple food, especially in Asian countries. Various rice plant diseases have a negative effect on crop yields. If proper detection is not taken, they can spread and lead to a significant decline in agricultural productions. In severe cases, they may even cause no grain harvest entirely, thus having a devastating impact on food security. The deep learning-based CNN methods have become the standard methods to address most of the technical challenges related to image identification and classification. In this study, to enhance the learning capability for minute lesion features, we chose the MobileNet-V2 pre-trained on ImageNet as the backbone network and added the attention mechanism to learn the importance of inter-channel relationship and spatial points for input features. In the meantime, the loss function was optimized and the transfer learning was performed twice for model training. The proposed procedure presents a superior performance relative to other state-of-the-art methods. It achieves an average identification accuracy of 99.67% on the public dataset. Even under complicated backdrop conditions, the average accuracy reaches 98.48% for identifying rice plant diseases. Experimental findings demonstrate the validity of the proposed procedure, and it is accomplished efficiently for rice disease identification.","doi":"10.1016/j.eswa.2020.114514","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8431612d4419f383e87b8b1329814365cd2b6368","result_position":58,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":276989025,"title":"Rice leaf disease classification using a fusion vision approach","venue":"Scientific Reports","year":2025,"authors":["B. Naresh Kumar","S. Sakthivel"],"abstract":"Rice serves as a fundamental staple for a significant portion of the global population, playing an essential role in ensuring food security worldwide. However, the continuous threat of various diseases risks both yield and quality. Detecting these diseases at an early stage is very important for effective management of these risks. This research introduces a novel approach for rice disease detection using the fusion vision boosted classifier (FVBC), integrating VGG19 for feature extraction and LightGBM for classification. The meticulously curated dataset comprises 2627 rice leaf images, categorized into training, validation, and test sets for robust model evaluation. The FVBC model achieves impressive accuracies of 97.78% on the training set, 97.5% on the validation set, and 97.6% on the test set, demonstrating its efficacy in disease detection. The model’s performance compared with other classifiers, including Softmax, highlights its superiority. Hyperparameter tuning, such as learning rate and tree depth for LightGBM, was crucial for optimizing model performance. The proposed FVBC model offers a non-invasive, scalable solution for early disease detection, empowering farmers to implement timely interventions and enhance agricultural productivity.","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-87800-3","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/530c4c77500df8ec3449250735478f2c20c8d329","result_position":59,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":236522454,"title":"Computer Vision, IoT and Data Fusion for Crop Disease Detection Using Machine Learning: A Survey and Ongoing Research","venue":"Remote Sensing","year":2021,"authors":["Maryam Ouhami","A. Hafiane","Y. Es-saady","M. Hajji","R. Canals"],"abstract":"Crop diseases constitute a serious issue in agriculture, affecting both quality and quantity of agriculture production. Disease control has been a research object in many scientific and technologic domains. Technological advances in sensors, data storage, computing resources and artificial intelligence have shown enormous potential to control diseases effectively. A growing body of literature recognizes the importance of using data from different types of sensors and machine learning approaches to build models for detection, prediction, analysis, assessment, etc. However, the increasing number and diversity of research studies requires a literature review for further developments and contributions in this area. This paper reviews state-of-the-art machine learning methods that use different data sources, applied to plant disease detection. It lists traditional and deep learning methods associated with the main data acquisition modalities, namely IoT, ground imaging, unmanned aerial vehicle imaging and satellite imaging. In addition, this study examines the role of data fusion for ongoing research in the context of disease detection. It highlights the advantage of intelligent data fusion techniques, from heterogeneous data sources, to improve plant health status prediction and presents the main challenges facing this field. The study concludes with a discussion of several current issues and research trends.","doi":"10.3390/rs13132486","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/41876495f8cde3d18ee0d55bf2da6280f6d466ea","result_position":60,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":277395655,"title":"Identification of rice leaf disease based on DepMulti-Net","venue":"Frontiers in Plant Science","year":2025,"authors":["Kui Hu","Xinying Zheng","Xinyao Su","Lei Wu","Yongmin Liu","Zhenhua Deng"],"abstract":"This research presents DepMulti-Net, a novel rice disease and pest identification model, designed to overcome the challenges of complex background interference, difficult disease feature extraction, and large model parameter volume in rice leaf disease identification. Initially, a comprehensive rice disease dataset comprising 20,000 images was meticulously constructed, covering four common types of rice diseases: bacterial leaf blight, rice blast, brown spot, and tungro disease. To enhance data diversity, various data augmentation techniques were applied. Subsequently, a novel VGG-block module was introduced. By leveraging depth-separable convolution, the model’s parameter quantity was significantly reduced. A multi-scale feature fusion module was also designed to effectively enhance the model’s ability to extract disease features from complex backgrounds. Moreover, the integration of the feature reuse mechanism and inverse bottleneck structure further improved the model’s recognition accuracy for fine-grained disease features. Experimental results show that the DepMulti-Net model has only 13.50M parameters and achieves an average accuracy of 98.56% in identifying the four types of rice diseases. This performance significantly outperforms existing rice leaf disease identification methods. In conclusion, this study offers an efficient and lightweight solution for crop disease identification, which holds great significance for promoting the development of smart agriculture.","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1522487","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5a3ade0ec6b09c1ae78bff72605c9a14ab7b0904","result_position":61,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":210881652,"title":"A Recognition Method for Rice Plant Diseases and Pests Video Detection Based on Deep Convolutional Neural Network","venue":"Italian National Conference on Sensors","year":2020,"authors":["Dengshan Li","Rujing Wang","Chengjun Xie","Liu Liu","Jie Zhang","Rui Li","Fangyuan Wang","Man Zhou","Wancai Liu"],"abstract":"Increasing grain production is essential to those areas where food is scarce. Increasing grain production by controlling crop diseases and pests in time should be effective. To construct video detection system for plant diseases and pests, and to build a real-time crop diseases and pests video detection system in the future, a deep learning-based video detection architecture with a custom backbone was proposed for detecting plant diseases and pests in videos. We first transformed the video into still frame, then sent the frame to the still-image detector for detection, and finally synthesized the frames into video. In the still-image detector, we used faster-RCNN as the framework. We used image-training models to detect relatively blurry videos. Additionally, a set of video-based evaluation metrics based on a machine learning classifier was proposed, which reflected the quality of video detection effectively in the experiments. Experiments showed that our system with the custom backbone was more suitable for detection of the untrained rice videos than VGG16, ResNet-50, ResNet-101 backbone system and YOLOv3 with our experimental environment.","doi":"10.3390/s20030578","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/04ea2101b0db7f43b0bf805a5161dc79d87c7f2d","result_position":62,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":54444816,"title":"Identification and recognition of rice diseases and pests using convolutional neural networks","venue":"Biosystems Engineering","year":2018,"authors":["C. R. Rahman","P. S. Arko","Mohammed Eunus Ali","M. A. Iqbal Khan","S. H. Apon","F. Nowrin","Abu Wasif"],"abstract":"Abstract Accurate and timely detection of diseases and pests in rice plants can help farmers in applying timely treatment on the plants and thereby can reduce the economic losses substantially. Recent developments in deep learning-based convolutional neural networks (CNN) have greatly improved image classification accuracy. Being motivated by the success of CNNs in image classification, deep learning-based approaches have been developed in this paper for detecting diseases and pests from rice plant images. The contribution of this paper is two fold: (i) State-of-the-art large scale architectures such as VGG16 and InceptionV3 have been adopted and fine tuned for detecting and recognising rice diseases and pests. Experimental results show the effectiveness of these models with real datasets. (ii) Since large scale architectures are not suitable for mobile devices, a two-stage small CNN architecture has been proposed, and compared with the state-of-the-art memory efficient CNN architectures such as MobileNet, NasNet Mobile and SqueezeNet. Experimental results show that the proposed architecture can achieve the desired accuracy of 93.3% with a significantly reduced model size (e.g., 99% smaller than VGG16).","doi":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2020.03.020","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/639f6409cda9aa97edaa1536a6fb8e12467f4255","result_position":63,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":245681472,"title":"Towards densely clustered tiny pest detection in the wild environment","venue":"Neurocomputing","year":2022,"authors":["Jianming Du","Liu Liu","Rui Li","Lin Jiao","Chengjun Xie","Rujing Wang"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.neucom.2021.12.012","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a1223864976ef8f1fed683ffb6d3fb58444c4730","result_position":64,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":248677945,"title":"Foliar Diseases and the Associated Fungi in Rice Cultivated in Kenya","venue":"Plants","year":2022,"authors":["Everlyne M. Nganga","M. Kyallo","Philemon Orwa","F. Rotich","E. Gichuhi","J. Kimani","D. Mwongera","Bernice Waweru","P. Sikuku","D. Musyimi","Samuel Mutiga","Cathrine Ziyomo","R. Murori","L. Wasilwa","J. Correll","N. Talbot"],"abstract":"We conducted a survey to assess the occurrence and severity of rice blast and brown spot diseases on popular cultivars grown in the Busia, Kirinyaga, and Kisumu counties of Kenya in 2019. Working with agricultural extension workers within rice production areas, we interviewed farmers (n = 89) regarding their preferred cultivars and their awareness of blast disease, as this was the major focus of our research. We scored the symptoms of blast and brown spot and assessed the lodging, plant height, and maturity of the crops (days after planting). Furthermore, we collected leaf and neck tissues for the assessment of the prevailing fungal populations. We used specific DNA primers to screen for the prevalence of the causal pathogens of blast, Magnaporthe oryzae, and brown spot, Cochliobolus miyabeanus, on asymptomatic and symptomatic leaf samples. We also conducted fungal isolations and PCR-sequencing to identify the fungal species in these tissues. Busia and Kisumu had a higher diversity of cultivars compared to Kirinyaga. The aromatic Pishori (NIBAM 11) was preferred and widely grown for commercial purposes in Kirinyaga, where 86% of Kenyan rice is produced. NIBAM108 (IR2793-80-1) and BW196 (NIBAM 109) were moderately resistant to blast, while NIBAM110 (ITA310) and Vietnam were susceptible. All the cultivars were susceptible to brown spot except for KEH10005 (Arize Tej Gold), a commercial hybrid cultivar. We also identified diverse pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi, with a high incidence of Nigrospora oryzae, in the rice fields of Kirinyaga. There was a marginal correlation between disease severity/incidence and the occurrence of causal pathogens. This study provides evidence of the need to strengthen pathogen surveillance through retraining agricultural extension agents and to breed for blast and brown spot resistance in popular rice cultivars in Kenya.","doi":"10.3390/plants11091264","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7ed44dae7c223d533778869df554f835f6a73615","result_position":65,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":236748701,"title":"The Impact of Rice Diseases in Tropical Asia","venue":"","year":2021,"authors":["N. Castilla","J. B. Macasero","J. Villa","A. Sparks","L. Willocquet","S. Savary"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-57899-2_6","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/42a8ae42c3797e29e384eae0d7f0dec7df6bc86f","result_position":66,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":226192341,"title":"The role of passive surveillance and citizen science in plant health","venue":"CABI Agriculture and Bioscience","year":2020,"authors":["N. Brown","A. Pérez-Sierra","P. Crow","S. Parnell"],"abstract":"The early detection of plant pests and diseases is vital to the success of any eradication or control programme, but the resources for surveillance are often limited. Plant health authorities can however make use of observations from individuals and stakeholder groups who are monitoring for signs of ill health. Volunteered data is most often discussed in relation to citizen science groups, however these groups are only part of a wider network of professional agents, land-users and owners who can all contribute to significantly increase surveillance efforts through “passive surveillance”. These ad-hoc reports represent chance observations by individuals who may not necessarily be looking for signs of pests and diseases when they are discovered. Passive surveillance contributes vital observations in support of national and international surveillance programs, detecting potentially unknown issues in the wider landscape, beyond points of entry and the plant trade. This review sets out to describe various forms of passive surveillance, identify analytical methods that can be applied to these “messy” unstructured data, and indicate how new programs can be established and maintained. Case studies discuss two tree health projects from Great Britain (TreeAlert and Observatree) to illustrate the challenges and successes of existing passive surveillance programmes. When analysing passive surveillance reports it is important to understand the observers’ probability to detect and report each plant health issue, which will vary depending on how distinctive the symptoms are and the experience of the observer. It is also vital to assess how representative the reports are and whether they occur more frequently in certain locations. Methods are increasingly available to predict species distributions from large datasets, but more work is needed to understand how these apply to rare events such as new introductions. One solution for general surveillance is to develop and maintain a network of tree health volunteers, but this requires a large investment in training, feedback and engagement to maintain motivation. There are already many working examples of passive surveillance programmes and the suite of options to interpret the resulting datasets is growing rapidly.","doi":"10.1186/s43170-020-00016-5","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/91e1afa813bfa61fe5768aa991a63359e5bfeeee","result_position":67,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":220544206,"title":"Differential loss of effector genes in three recently expanded pandemic clonal lineages of the rice blast fungus","venue":"BMC Biology","year":2020,"authors":["Sergio M. Latorre","C. S. Reyes-Avila","Angus Malmgren","J. Win","S. Kamoun","Hernán A. Burbano"],"abstract":"Background Understanding the mechanisms and timescales of plant pathogen outbreaks requires a detailed genome-scale analysis of their population history. The fungus Magnaporthe (Syn. Pyricularia ) oryzae —the causal agent of blast disease of cereals— is among the most destructive plant pathogens to world agriculture and a major threat to the production of rice, wheat, and other cereals. Although M. oryzae is a multihost pathogen that infects more than 50 species of cereals and grasses, all rice-infecting isolates belong to a single genetically defined lineage. Here, we combined the two largest genomic datasets to reconstruct the genetic history of the rice-infecting lineage of M. oryzae based on 131 isolates from 21 countries. Results The global population of the rice blast fungus consists mainly of three well-defined genetic groups and a diverse set of individuals. Multiple population genetic tests revealed that the rice-infecting lineage of the blast fungus probably originated from a recombining diverse group in Southeast Asia followed by three independent clonal expansions that took place over the last ~ 200 years. Patterns of allele sharing identified a subpopulation from the recombining diverse group that introgressed with one of the clonal lineages before its global expansion. Remarkably, the four genetic lineages of the rice blast fungus vary in the number and patterns of presence and absence of candidate effector genes. These genes encode secreted proteins that modulate plant defense and allow pathogen colonization. In particular, clonal lineages carry a reduced repertoire of effector genes compared with the diverse group, and specific combinations of presence and absence of effector genes define each of the pandemic clonal lineages. Conclusions Our analyses reconstruct the genetic history of the rice-infecting lineage of M. oryzae revealing three clonal lineages associated with rice blast pandemics. Each of these lineages displays a specific pattern of presence and absence of effector genes that may have shaped their adaptation to the rice host and their evolutionary history.","doi":"10.1186/s12915-020-00818-z","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/53251e947cf3bb54ed7cba509e2301de7cf8a208","result_position":68,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":216036259,"title":"Rice grain disease identification using dual phase convolutional neural network-based system aimed at small dataset","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2020,"authors":["Tashin Ahmed","C. R. Rahman","Md. Faysal Mahmud Abid"],"abstract":"Abstract\n Although Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are widely used for plant disease detection, they require a large number of training samples while dealing with wide variety of heterogeneous background. In this paper, a CNN based dual phase method has been proposed which can work effectively on small rice grain disease dataset with heterogeneity. At the first phase, Faster RCNN method is applied for cropping out the significant portion (rice grain) from an image. This initial phase results in a secondary dataset of rice grains devoid of heterogeneous background. Disease classification is performed on such derived and simplified samples using CNN architecture. Comparison of the dual phase approach with straight forward application of CNN on the small grain dataset shows the effectiveness of the proposed method which provides a 5 fold cross validation accuracy of 88.92%.","doi":"10.31220/agrirxiv.2021.00062","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1e0f90f00f98323e38b2866b361c123e2949bad5","result_position":69,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":255828567,"title":"Differential loss of effector genes in three recently expanded pandemic clonal lineages of the rice blast fungus","venue":"BMC Biology","year":2020,"authors":["Sergio M. Latorre","C. S. Reyes-Avila","Angus Malmgren","J. Win","S. Kamoun","H. Burbano"],"abstract":"Understanding the mechanisms and timescales of plant pathogen outbreaks requires a detailed genome-scale analysis of their population history. The fungus Magnaporthe (Syn. Pyricularia) oryzae—the causal agent of blast disease of cereals— is among the most destructive plant pathogens to world agriculture and a major threat to the production of rice, wheat, and other cereals. Although M. oryzae is a multihost pathogen that infects more than 50 species of cereals and grasses, all rice-infecting isolates belong to a single genetically defined lineage. Here, we combined the two largest genomic datasets to reconstruct the genetic history of the rice-infecting lineage of M. oryzae based on 131 isolates from 21 countries. The global population of the rice blast fungus consists mainly of three well-defined genetic groups and a diverse set of individuals. Multiple population genetic tests revealed that the rice-infecting lineage of the blast fungus probably originated from a recombining diverse group in Southeast Asia followed by three independent clonal expansions that took place over the last ~ 200 years. Patterns of allele sharing identified a subpopulation from the recombining diverse group that introgressed with one of the clonal lineages before its global expansion. Remarkably, the four genetic lineages of the rice blast fungus vary in the number and patterns of presence and absence of candidate effector genes. These genes encode secreted proteins that modulate plant defense and allow pathogen colonization. In particular, clonal lineages carry a reduced repertoire of effector genes compared with the diverse group, and specific combinations of presence and absence of effector genes define each of the pandemic clonal lineages. Our analyses reconstruct the genetic history of the rice-infecting lineage of M. oryzae revealing three clonal lineages associated with rice blast pandemics. Each of these lineages displays a specific pattern of presence and absence of effector genes that may have shaped their adaptation to the rice host and their evolutionary history.","doi":"10.1186/s12915-020-00818-z","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/40392ebc3252d18a76a6e78f1b4c367be55f45fc","result_position":70,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":210509816,"title":"A Deep Learning Approach for the Classification of Rice Leaf Diseases","venue":"Doctoral Symposium on Intelligence Enabled Research","year":2019,"authors":["Shreyasi Bhattacharya","A. Mukherjee","S. Phadikar"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1007/978-981-15-2021-1_8","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fa2e82b43bf3c056cadb225224e2a7eef17b113f","result_position":71,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":46781358,"title":"Deep learning models for plant disease detection and diagnosis","venue":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture","year":2018,"authors":["K. P. Ferentinos"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.compag.2018.01.009","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3f611458b84ca8756c863916b33d12c704687127","result_position":72,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":52071694,"title":"Multi-level learning features for automatic classification of field crop pests","venue":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture","year":2018,"authors":["Chengjun Xie","Rujing Wang","Jie Zhang","Peng Chen","Wei Dong","Rui Li","Tianjiao Chen","Hongbo Chen"],"abstract":"Abstract The classification of pest species in field crops, such as corn, soybeans, wheat, and canola, is still challenging because of the tiny appearance differences among pest species. In all cases, the appearances of pest species in different poses, scales or rotations make the classification more difficult. Currently, most of the classification methods relied on hand-crafted features, such as the scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) and the histogram of oriented gradients (HOG). In this work, the features of pest images are learned from a large amount of unlabeled image patches using unsupervised feature learning methods, while the features of the image patches are obtained by the alignment-pooling of low-level features (sparse coding), which are encoded based on a predefined dictionary. To address the misalignment issue of patch-level features, the filters in multiple scales are utilized by being coupled with several pooling granularities. The filtered patch-level features are then embedded into a multi-level classification framework. The experimental results on 40 common pest species in field crops showed that our classification model with the multi-level learning features outperforms the state-of-the-art methods of pest classification. Furthermore, some models of dictionary learning are evaluated in the proposed classification framework of pest species, and the impact of dictionary sizes and patch sizes are also discussed in the work.","doi":"10.1016/J.COMPAG.2018.07.014","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fc7178fe13e956a79262d2c79694386d02546fa9","result_position":73,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":49538430,"title":"A review on: Various techniques of plant leaf disease detection","venue":"International Conference on Information Security and Cryptology","year":2018,"authors":["Jaskaran Singh","H. Kaur"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1109/ICISC.2018.8399069","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ccebc2b19100d1a6c326ae0455f4aafd7fd57676","result_position":74,"is_clicked":false}],"string":"[\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 270004078,\n \"title\": \"Investigation to answer three key questions concerning plant pest identification and development of a practical identification framework\",\n \"venue\": \"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ryosuke Wayama\",\n \"Yuki Sasaki\",\n \"S. Kagiwada\",\n \"Nobusuke Iwasaki\",\n \"Hitoshi Iyatomi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The development of practical and robust automated diagnostic systems for identifying plant pests is crucial for efficient agricultural production. In this paper, we first investigate three key research questions (RQs) that have not been addressed thus far in the field of image-based plant pest identification. Based on the knowledge gained, we then develop an accurate, robust, and fast plant pest identification framework using 334K images comprising 78 combinations of four plant portions (the leaf front, leaf back, fruit, and flower of cucumber, tomato, strawberry, and eggplant) and 20 pest species captured at 27 farms. The results reveal the following. (1) For an appropriate evaluation of the model, the test data should not include images of the field from which the training images were collected, or other considerations to increase the diversity of the test set should be taken into account. (2) Pre-extraction of ROIs, such as leaves and fruits, helps to improve identification accuracy. (3) Integration of closely related species using the same control methods and cross-crop training methods for the same pests, are effective. Our two-stage plant pest identification framework, enabling ROI detection and convolutional neural network (CNN)-based identification, achieved a highly practical performance of 91.0% and 88.5% in mean accuracy and macro F1 score, respectively, for 12,223 instances of test data of 21 classes collected from unseen fields, where 25 classes of images from 318,971 samples were used for training; the average identification time was 476 ms/image.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.compag.2024.109021\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/05a476d2901a055bb94285d6f6570926cc3366ac\",\n \"result_position\": 0,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 266222595,\n \"title\": \"A deep learning model for predicting risks of crop pests and diseases from sequential environmental data\",\n \"venue\": \"Plant Methods\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Sangyeon Lee\",\n \"Choa Mun Yun\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Crop pests reduce productivity, so managing them through early detection and prevention is essential. Data from various modalities are being used to predict crop diseases by applying machine learning methodology. In particular, because growth environment data is relatively easy to obtain, many attempts are made to predict pests and diseases using it. In this paper, we propose a model that predicts diseases through previous growth environment information of crops, including air temperature, relative humidity, dew point, and CO_2 concentration, using deep learning techniques. Using large-scale public data on crops of strawberry, pepper, grape, tomato, and paprika, we showed the model can predict the risk score of crop pests and diseases. It showed high predictive performance with an average AUROC of 0.917, and based on the predicted results, it can help prevent pests or post-processing. This environmental data-based crop disease prediction model and learning framework are expected to be universally applicable to various facilities and crops for disease/pest prevention.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1186/s13007-023-01122-x\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4295e2af00a69c483b4de2116879018cc932f750\",\n \"result_position\": 1,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 271750146,\n \"title\": \"Algorithm for Crop Disease Detection Based on Channel Attention Mechanism and Lightweight Up-Sampling Operator\",\n \"venue\": \"IEEE Access\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Wei Chen\",\n \"Lijuan Zheng\",\n \"Jiping Xiong\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Crop diseases and pests cause significant economic losses to agriculture every year, making accurate identification crucial. Traditional pest and disease detection relies on farm experts, which is often time-consuming. Computer vision technology and artificial intelligence can provide automated disease detection, enabling real-time precise control of crop diseases and timely prevention measures. To accurately identify plant diseases under complex natural conditions, we developed an improved crop pest and disease recognition model based on the original YOLOv5 network. First, we integrated the Squeeze-and-Excitation (SE) module into YOLOv5, allowing our proposed model to better distinguish leaf features of different crops and accurately identify disease types. Second, to enhance the model’s feature extraction capability for diseased areas and reduce the loss of disease feature information, we replaced the original Up-sample module in YOLOv5 with a lightweight up-sampling operator, the CARAFE module. Third, we improved the original loss function using the EIoU loss function to increase the model’s detection accuracy. Lastly, to reduce model complexity and meet real-time detection requirements, we introduced the Ghost Convolution module into the backbone network. During the experimental phase, to validate the model’s effectiveness, we randomly divided sample images from the constructed crop pest and disease database into training, validation, and test sets. Experimental results showed that the improved YOLOv5 model achieved an accuracy of 90.0%, a recall rate of 91.4%, mAP@.50 of 92.1%, and mAP@.5:.95 of 64%. The parameter count and computational load were reduced by 23.9% and 31.2%, respectively, outperforming popular methods including YOLOv5, YOLOv7, and YOLOv8. The improved model can accurately identify crop pests and diseases under natural conditions and is suitable for deployment in real-world applications, providing a technical reference for crop pest and disease management.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3439410\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8b27d51b4263d05d476d499b4d644d4cdbdfa5e7\",\n \"result_position\": 2,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 253692426,\n \"title\": \"Automatic Classification Service System for Citrus Pest Recognition Based on Deep Learning\",\n \"venue\": \"Italian National Conference on Sensors\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Saebom Lee\",\n \"Gyuhong Choi\",\n \"Hyun-Cheol Park\",\n \"Changyun Choi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Plant diseases are a major cause of reduction in agricultural output, which leads to severe economic losses and unstable food supply. The citrus plant is an economically important fruit crop grown and produced worldwide. However, citrus plants are easily affected by various factors, such as climate change, pests, and diseases, resulting in reduced yield and quality. Advances in computer vision in recent years have been widely used for plant disease detection and classification, providing opportunities for early disease detection, and resulting in improvements in agriculture. Particularly, the early and accurate detection of citrus diseases, which are vulnerable to pests, is very important to prevent the spread of pests and reduce crop damage. Research on citrus pest disease is ongoing, but it is difficult to apply research results to cultivation owing to a lack of datasets for research and limited types of pests. In this study, we built a dataset by self-collecting a total of 20,000 citrus pest images, including fruits and leaves, from actual cultivation sites. The constructed dataset was trained, verified, and tested using a model that had undergone five transfer learning steps. All models used in the experiment had an average accuracy of 97% or more and an average f1 score of 96% or more. We built a web application server using the EfficientNet-b0 model, which exhibited the best performance among the five learning models. The built web application tested citrus pest disease using image samples collected from websites other than the self-collected image samples and prepared data, and both samples correctly classified the disease. The citrus pest automatic diagnosis web system using the model proposed in this study plays a useful auxiliary role in recognizing and classifying citrus diseases. This can, in turn, help improve the overall quality of citrus fruits.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/s22228911\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1668cb36985c7028b22358c161c53236143cf18c\",\n \"result_position\": 3,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 253784702,\n \"title\": \"A Copy Paste and Semantic Segmentation-Based Approach for the Classification and Assessment of Significant Rice Diseases\",\n \"venue\": \"Plants\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Zhiyong Li\",\n \"Peng Chen\",\n \"Luyu Shuai\",\n \"Mantao Wang\",\n \"Liang Zhang\",\n \"Yuchao Wang\",\n \"Jiong Mu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The accurate segmentation of significant rice diseases and assessment of the degree of disease damage are the keys to their early diagnosis and intelligent monitoring and are the core of accurate pest control and information management. Deep learning applied to rice disease detection and segmentation can significantly improve the accuracy of disease detection and identification but requires a large number of training samples to determine the optimal parameters of the model. This study proposed a lightweight network based on copy paste and semantic segmentation for accurate disease region segmentation and severity assessment. First, a dataset for rice significant disease segmentation was selected and collated based on 3 open-source datasets, containing 450 sample images belonging to 3 categories of rice leaf bacterial blight, blast and brown spot. Then, to increase the diversity of samples, a data augmentation method, rice leaf disease copy paste (RLDCP), was proposed that expanded the collected disease samples with the concept of copy and paste. The new RSegformer model was then trained by replacing the new backbone network with the lightweight semantic segmentation network Segformer, combining the attention mechanism and changing the upsampling operator, so that the model could better balance local and global information, speed up the training process and reduce the degree of overfitting of the network. The results show that RLDCP could effectively improve the accuracy and generalisation performance of the semantic segmentation model compared with traditional data augmentation methods and could improve the MIoU of the semantic segmentation model by about 5% with a dataset only twice the size. RSegformer can achieve an 85.38% MIoU at a model size of 14.36 M. The method proposed in this paper can quickly, easily and accurately identify disease occurrence areas, their species and the degree of disease damage, providing a reference for timely and effective rice disease control.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/plants11223174\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ebb6f05b645f67f5a8ce333306579169e542c7ec\",\n \"result_position\": 4,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 250407911,\n \"title\": \"The power of transfer learning in agricultural applications: AgriNet\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Plant Science\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Zahraa Al Sahili\",\n \"M. Awad\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Advances in deep learning and transfer learning have paved the way for various automation classification tasks in agriculture, including plant diseases, pests, weeds, and plant species detection. However, agriculture automation still faces various challenges, such as the limited size of datasets and the absence of plant-domain-specific pretrained models. Domain specific pretrained models have shown state of art performance in various computer vision tasks including face recognition and medical imaging diagnosis. In this paper, we propose AgriNet dataset, a collection of 160k agricultural images from more than 19 geographical locations, several images captioning devices, and more than 423 classes of plant species and diseases. We also introduce AgriNet models, a set of pretrained models on five ImageNet architectures: VGG16, VGG19, Inception-v3, InceptionResNet-v2, and Xception. AgriNet-VGG19 achieved the highest classification accuracy of 94% and the highest F1-score of 92%. Additionally, all proposed models were found to accurately classify the 423 classes of plant species, diseases, pests, and weeds with a minimum accuracy of 87% for the Inception-v3 model. Finally, experiments to evaluate of superiority of AgriNet models compared to ImageNet models were conducted on two external datasets: pest and plant diseases dataset from Bangladesh and a plant diseases dataset from Kashmir.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fpls.2022.992700\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bcc767eb06d79be52b819aa198451dd2da342d9d\",\n \"result_position\": 5,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 259216328,\n \"title\": \"A Systematic Literature Review on Plant Disease Detection: Motivations, Classification Techniques, Datasets, Challenges, and Future Trends\",\n \"venue\": \"IEEE Access\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Wasswa Shafik\",\n \"Ali Tufail\",\n \"Abdallah Namoun\",\n \"L. D. De Silva\",\n \"R. Apong\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Plant pests and diseases are a significant threat to almost all major types of plants and global food security. Traditional inspection across different plant fields is time-consuming and impractical for a wider plantation size, thus reducing crop production. Therefore, many smart agricultural practices are deployed to control plant diseases and pests. Most of these approaches, for example, use vision-based artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), or deep learning (DL) methods and models to provide disease detection solutions. However, existing open issues must be considered and addressed before AI methods can be used. In this study, we conduct a systematic literature review (SLR) and present a detailed survey of the studies employing data collection techniques and publicly available datasets. To begin the review, 1349 papers were chosen from five major academic databases, namely Springer, IEEE Xplore, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ACM library. After deploying a comprehensive screening process, the review considered 176 final studies based on the importance of the method. Several crops, including grapes, rice, apples, cucumbers, maize, tomatoes, wheat, and potatoes, have tested mainly on the hyperspectral imagery and vision-centered approaches. Support Vector Machines (SVMs) and Logistic regression (LR) classifiers demonstrated an increased accuracy in experiments compared to traditional classifiers. Besides the image taxonomy, disease localization is depicted in these approaches as a bottle neck to disease detection. Cognitive CNNs with attention mechanisms and transfer learning are showing an increasing trend. There is no standard model performance assessment though the majority use accuracy, recall, precision, F1 Score, and confusion matrix. The available 11 datasets are laboratory and in-field based, and 9 are publicly available. Some laboratory-based datasets are considerably small, making them impractical in experiments. Finally, there is a need to avail models with fewer parameters, implementable on small devices and large datasets accommodating several crops and diseases to have robust models.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3284760\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5c1f66f848a2f90bcb204b8bed80903c0a356cd4\",\n \"result_position\": 6,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 254910945,\n \"title\": \"HiT-LIDIA: A Framework for Rice Leaf Disease Classification using Ensemble and Hierarchical Transfer Learning\",\n \"venue\": \"Lontar Komputer\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Oddy Virgantara Putra\",\n \"N. Trisnaningrum\",\n \"Niken Puspitasari\",\n \"A. Wibowo\",\n \"Ema Rachmawaty\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Rice is one of the global most critical harvests, and a great many people eat it as a staple eating routine. Different rice plant diseases harm, spread, and drastically reduce crop yields. In extreme situations, they may result in no grain harvest at all, posing a severe threat to food security. In this paper, to amplify the recognition ability for rice leaf disease (RLD) classification, we proposed hierarchical transfer learning (HTL) methods incorporating ensemble models containing two-step. In the first step, an ensemble combining MobileNet and DenseNet was addressed to tackle the diseased leaf problem. Consequently, DenseNet and XceptionNet were fused to identify three RLDs. Here, we compare our models with state-of-the-art deep learning models such as ResNet, DenseNet, InceptionNet, Xception, MobileNet, and EfficientNet. Our framework at top-notch with 89 % and 91 % for accuracy. In future works, RLD segmentation is suggested to pinpoint the illness and quantify the afflicted region.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.24843/lkjiti.2022.v13.i03.p06\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/269f7d3b6710fbc848de051f4efb2ae2291fa0a5\",\n \"result_position\": 7,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 271329208,\n \"title\": \"Self-supervised transformer-based pre-training method with General Plant Infection dataset\",\n \"venue\": \"Chinese Conference on Pattern Recognition and Computer Vision\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Zhengle Wang\",\n \"Rui-Feng Wang\",\n \"Minjuan Wang\",\n \"Tianyun Lai\",\n \"Man Zhang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Pest and disease classification is a challenging issue in agriculture. The performance of deep learning models is intricately linked to training data diversity and quantity, posing issues for plant pest and disease datasets that remain underdeveloped. This study addresses these challenges by constructing a comprehensive dataset and proposing an advanced network architecture that combines Contrastive Learning and Masked Image Modeling (MIM). The dataset comprises diverse plant species and pest categories, making it one of the largest and most varied in the field. The proposed network architecture demonstrates effectiveness in addressing plant pest and disease recognition tasks, achieving notable detection accuracy. This approach offers a viable solution for rapid, efficient, and cost-effective plant pest and disease detection, thereby reducing agricultural production costs. Our code and dataset will be publicly available to advance research in plant pest and disease recognition the GitHub repository at https://github.com/WASSER2545/GPID-22\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/978-981-97-8490-5_14\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/202f211758eeebe7fa9b5bc661d04b90f59ff93a\",\n \"result_position\": 8,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 253631597,\n \"title\": \"Model and Data Engineering: 11th International Conference, MEDI 2022, Cairo, Egypt, November 21–24, 2022, Proceedings\",\n \"venue\": \"International Conference on Model and Data Engineering\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yara Ali Alnaggar\",\n \"A. Sebaq\",\n \"K. Amer\",\n \"El-Sayed S. Naeem\",\n \"Mohamed ElHelw\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Rice is considered a strategic crop in Egypt as it is regularly consumed in the Egyptian people's diet. Even though Egypt is the highest rice producer in Africa with a share of 6 million tons per year, it still imports rice to satisfy its local needs due to production loss, especially due to rice disease. Rice blast disease is responsible for 30% loss in rice production worldwide. Therefore, it is crucial to target limiting yield damage by detecting rice crops diseases in its early stages. This paper introduces a public multispectral and RGB images dataset and a deep learning pipeline for rice plant disease detection using multi-modal data. The collected multispectral images consist of Red, Green and Near-Infrared channels and we show that using multispectral along with RGB channels as input archives a higher F1 accuracy compared to using RGB input only.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/978-3-031-21595-7\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/81da017b61d86396ce5ec675ecc574b92106c866\",\n \"result_position\": 9,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 254018440,\n \"title\": \"Paddy Doctor: A Visual Image Dataset for Automated Paddy Disease Classification and Benchmarking\",\n \"venue\": \"COMAD/CODS\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Petchiammal\",\n \"Briskline Kiruba\",\n \"Murugan\",\n \"P. Arjunan\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"One of the critical biotic stress factors paddy farmers face is diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, and other organisms. These diseases affect plants’ health severely and lead to significant crop loss. Most of these diseases can be identified by regularly observing the leaves and stems under expert supervision. In a country with vast agricultural regions and limited crop protection experts, manual identification of paddy diseases is challenging. Thus, to add a solution to this problem, it is necessary to automate the disease identification process and provide easily accessible decision support tools to enable effective crop protection measures. However, the lack of availability of public datasets with detailed disease information limits the practical implementation of accurate disease detection systems. This paper presents Paddy Doctor, a visual image dataset for identifying paddy diseases. Our dataset contains 16,225 annotated paddy leaf images across 13 classes (12 diseases and normal leaf). We benchmarked the Paddy Doctor dataset using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and four transfer learning based models (VGG16, MobileNet, Xception, and ResNet34). The experimental results showed that ResNet34 achieved the highest F1-score of 97.50%. We release our dataset and reproducible code in the open source for community use.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1145/3570991.3570994\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/15427beab35d8fedf9338e6e9ec018b5952bdc6c\",\n \"result_position\": 10,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 273839579,\n \"title\": \"An Enhanced Deep Learning Model for Effective Crop Pest and Disease Detection\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Imaging\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yongqi Yuan\",\n \"Jinhu Sun\",\n \"Qian Zhang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Traditional machine learning methods struggle with plant pest and disease image recognition, particularly when dealing with small sample sizes, indistinct features, and numerous categories. This paper proposes an improved ResNet34 model (ESA-ResNet34) for crop pest and disease detection. The model employs ResNet34 as its backbone and introduces an efficient spatial attention mechanism (effective spatial attention, ESA) to focus on key regions of the images. By replacing the standard convolutions in ResNet34 with depthwise separable convolutions, the model reduces its parameter count by 85.37% and its computational load by 84.51%. Additionally, Dropout is used to mitigate overfitting, and data augmentation techniques such as center cropping and horizontal flipping are employed to enhance the model’s robustness. The experimental results show that the improved algorithm achieves an accuracy, precision, and F1 score of 87.09%, 87.14%, and 86.91%, respectively, outperforming several benchmark models (including AlexNet, VGG16, MobileNet, DenseNet, and various ResNet variants). These findings demonstrate that the proposed ESA-ResNet34 model significantly enhances crop pest and disease detection.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/jimaging10110279\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ce03aa054681a21dbd2224892f99c50e81baf89a\",\n \"result_position\": 11,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 234807146,\n \"title\": \"Knowledge-Based System for Crop Pests and Diseases Recognition\",\n \"venue\": \"Electronics\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Miguel Ángel Rodríguez-García\",\n \"Francisco García-Sánchez\",\n \"R. Valencia-García\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"With the rapid increase in the world’s population, there is an ever-growing need for a sustainable food supply. Agriculture is one of the pillars for worldwide food provisioning, with fruits and vegetables being essential for a healthy diet. However, in the last few years the worldwide dispersion of virulent plant pests and diseases has caused significant decreases in the yield and quality of crops, in particular fruit, cereal and vegetables. Climate change and the intensification of global trade flows further accentuate the issue. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is an approach to pest control that aims at maintaining pest insects at tolerable levels, keeping pest populations below an economic injury level. Under these circumstances, the early identification of pests and diseases becomes crucial. In this work, we present the first step towards a fully fledged, semantically enhanced decision support system for IPM. The ultimate goal is to build a complete agricultural knowledge base by gathering data from multiple, heterogeneous sources and to develop a system to assist farmers in decision making concerning the control of pests and diseases. The pest classifier framework has been evaluated in a simulated environment, obtaining an aggregated accuracy of 98.8%.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/ELECTRONICS10080905\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d6f250a7fb152498ab675bad5a4487ccf35e993f\",\n \"result_position\": 12,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 258295313,\n \"title\": \"An ultra-lightweight efficient network for image-based plant disease and pest infection detection\",\n \"venue\": \"Precision Agriculture\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Beibei Wang\",\n \"Chenxi Zhang\",\n \"Yanyan Li\",\n \"Chunxia Cao\",\n \"Daye Huang\",\n \"Yan Gong\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Plant diseases and pest infections are major factors that undermine the growth of plants along with their life cycle. Optical image-based plant disease detection provides an efficient and low cost way for real-time plant growth monitoring and management. In recent years, the thriving development of deep learning techniques in a variety of communities has validated its great performance in image interpretation and understanding. Existing deep learning-based methods for plant disease classification mostly adopt convolutional neural networks (CNNs) that have been originally developed for general image classification purposes. These CNN architectures consist of a very large volume of training parameters, which severely hinders its applicability under scenarios requiring fast and flexible deployment on compact devices with limited computation powers. In this paper, an ultra-lightweight efficient network (ULEN) is proposed targeting image-based plant disease and pest infection detection. The proposed network consists of two parts, a deep feature extraction module that adopts residual depth-wise convolution and a classification module receiving multi-scale features enhanced by a spatial pyramid pooling layer. The network is constructed in a very compact design with approximately only 100 000 parameters, which greatly favors the demand for a lightweight model for practical needs. Two publicly available plant datasets collected at the indoor and outdoor environments were tested on two compact devices to validate its applicability under different scenarios. Compared with the state-of-the-art architectures, the proposed network showed superior performance with the least computation complexity and compelling classification accuracy.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s11119-023-10020-0\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1ea525f6e8066b7467dfa51c84f4d9a0f3cba7b2\",\n \"result_position\": 13,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 275443860,\n \"title\": \"Apnet: Lightweight network for apricot tree disease and pest detection in real-world complex backgrounds\",\n \"venue\": \"Plant Methods\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Minglang Li\",\n \"Zhiyong Tao\",\n \"Wentao Yan\",\n \"Sen Lin\",\n \"Kaihao Feng\",\n \"Zeyi Zhang\",\n \"Yurong Jing\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Apricot trees, serving as critical agricultural resources, hold a significant role within the agricultural domain. Conventional methods for detecting pests and diseases in these trees are notably labor-intensive. Many conditions affecting apricot trees manifest distinct visual symptoms that are ideally suited for precise identification and classification via deep learning techniques. Despite this, the academic realm currently lacks extensive, realistic datasets and deep learning strategies specifically crafted for apricot trees. This study introduces ATZD01, a publicly accessible dataset encompassing 11 categories of apricot tree pests and diseases, meticulously compiled under genuine field conditions. Furthermore, we introduce an innovative detection algorithm founded on convolutional neural networks, specifically devised for the management of apricot tree pests and diseases. To enhance the accuracy of detection, we have developed a novel object detection framework, APNet, alongside a dedicated module, the Adaptive Thresholding Algorithm (ATA), tailored for the detection of apricot tree afflictions. Experimental evaluations reveal that our proposed algorithm attains an accuracy rate of 87.1% on ATZD01, surpassing the performance of all other leading algorithms tested, thereby affirming the effectiveness of our dataset and model. The code and dataset will be made available at https://github.com/meanlang/ATZD01.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1186/s13007-025-01324-5\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/efa62e90402aec8aab9f2b07391c44f97821105b\",\n \"result_position\": 14,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 261843617,\n \"title\": \"OLID I: an open leaf image dataset for plant stress recognition\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Plant Science\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Nabil Anan Orka\",\n \"M. M. Uddin\",\n \"Fardeen Md. Toushique\",\n \"M. S. Hossain\",\n \"Nieves Goicoechea\",\n \"S. K. Noon\",\n \"Guoxiong Zhou\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"COPYRIGHT © 2023 Orka, Uddin, Toushique and Hossain. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. TYPE Data Report PUBLISHED 12 September 2023 DOI 10.3389/fpls.2023.1251888\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fpls.2023.1251888\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fb497b8ff0d07ccdbf2cc12a513f7de66910e31f\",\n \"result_position\": 15,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 257269944,\n \"title\": \"ERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF ALEXNET CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK (CNN) ARCHITECTURE WITH IMAGE OBJECTS OF RICE PLANT LEAVES\",\n \"venue\": \"JITK (Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Komputer)\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Adi Fajaryanto Cobantoro\",\n \"Fauzan Masykur\",\n \"Kelik Sussolaikah\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Rice is a staple food consumed by Indonesian people, even 75% of the world's population consumes rice and it is mostly found in Asia. Rice derived from pounded rice is a staple food so it can be consumed. In the process of planting rice, pests and diseases are not spared so that it can affect crop yields. Pest and disease attacks need fast, accurate and precise handling so that crop failures. In this paper, we will discuss the classification of leaf diseases of rice plants using the Convolutional Neural Network (CNNN) algorithm, especially the Alexnet architecture. There are 4 types of disease, namely Brown spot, Leafblast, Hispa and Healthy. Models built based on the Alexnet architecture may have differences in the level of accuracy and loss compared to other architectures due to the different stages in the sequential model formation. The dataset used is public data from Kaggle consisting of 4 classes with a total of 1,600 images. In each class the dataset is divided for training, testing and validation datasets with a ratio of 70:20:10. As for tools in the process of training datasets using Google Colab from Google. After going through the stages of the research, the research results obtained are accuracy worth 99,22%, mean average precision worth 0,24 and loss worth 0,05.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.33480/jitk.v8i2.4060\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cd5ca973d6587a6b350ef5635ec7192b3b0e4fca\",\n \"result_position\": 16,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 208267751,\n \"title\": \"PlantDoc: A Dataset for Visual Plant Disease Detection\",\n \"venue\": \"COMAD/CODS\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"D. Singh\",\n \"Naman Jain\",\n \"Pranjali Jain\",\n \"Pratik Kayal\",\n \"Sudhakar Kumawat\",\n \"Nipun Batra\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"India loses 35% of the annual crop yield due to plant diseases. Early detection of plant diseases remains difficult due to the lack of lab infrastructure and expertise. In this paper, we explore the possibility of computer vision approaches for scalable and early plant disease detection. The lack of availability of sufficiently large-scale non-lab data set remains a major challenge for enabling vision based plant disease detection. Against this background, we present PlantDoc: a dataset for visual plant disease detection. Our dataset contains 2,598 data points in total across 13 plant species and up to 17 classes of diseases, involving approximately 300 human hours of effort in annotating internet scraped images. To show the efficacy of our dataset, we learn 3 models for the task of plant disease classification. Our results show that modelling using our dataset can increase the classification accuracy by up to 31%. We believe that our dataset can help reduce the entry barrier of computer vision techniques in plant disease detection.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1145/3371158.3371196\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/149720bb953c385f950fae3c68ab5a11c0af952d\",\n \"result_position\": 17,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 197466186,\n \"title\": \"IP102: A Large-Scale Benchmark Dataset for Insect Pest Recognition\",\n \"venue\": \"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Xiaoping Wu\",\n \"Chi Zhan\",\n \"Yu-Kun Lai\",\n \"Ming-Ming Cheng\",\n \"Jufeng Yang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Insect pests are one of the main factors affecting agricultural product yield. Accurate recognition of insect pests facilitates timely preventive measures to avoid economic losses. However, the existing datasets for the visual classification task mainly focus on common objects, e.g., flowers and dogs. This limits the application of powerful deep learning technology on specific domains like the agricultural field. In this paper, we collect a large-scale dataset named IP102 for insect pest recognition. Specifically, it contains more than 75, 000 images belonging to 102 categories, which exhibit a natural long-tailed distribution. In addition, we annotate about 19, 000 images with bounding boxes for object detection. The IP102 has a hierarchical taxonomy and the insect pests which mainly affect one specific agricultural product are grouped into the same upperlevel category. Furthermore, we perform several baseline experiments on the IP102 dataset, including handcrafted and deep feature based classification methods. Experimental results show that this dataset has the challenges of interand intra- class variance and data imbalance. We believe our IP102 will facilitate future research on practical insect pest control, fine-grained visual classification, and imbalanced learning fields. We make the dataset and pre-trained models publicly available at https://github.com/xpwu95/IP102.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/CVPR.2019.00899\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cdc4730a37c9f9add9092a04da762f9abac5e988\",\n \"result_position\": 18,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 52124084,\n \"title\": \"Annotated Plant Pathology Databases for Image-Based Detection and Recognition of Diseases\",\n \"venue\": \"IEEE Latin America Transactions\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jayme Garcia Arnal Barbedo\",\n \"Luciano Vieira Koenigkan\",\n \"Bernardo de Almeida Halfeld-Vieira\",\n \"Rodrigo Veras Costa\",\n \"Kátia Lima Nechet\",\n \"Claudia Vieira Godoy\",\n \"Murillo Lobo Junior\",\n \"Flavia Rodrigues Alves Patricio\",\n \"V. Talamini\",\n \"Luiz Gonzaga Chitarra\",\n \"Saulo Alves Santos Oliveira\",\n \"Alessandra Keiko Nakasone Ishida\",\n \"Jose Mauricio Cunha Fernandes\",\n \"Thiago Teixeira Santos\",\n \"Fabio Rossi Cavalcanti\",\n \"D. Terao\",\n \"F. Angelotti\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Over the last few years, considerable effort has been spent by Embrapa in the construction of a plant disease database representative enough for the development of effective methods for automatic plant disease detection and recognition. In October of 2016, this database, called PDDB, had 2326 images of 171 diseases and other disorders affecting 21 plant species. PDDB size, although considerable, is not enough to allow the use of powerful techniques such as deep learning. In order to increase its size, each image was subdivided according to certain criteria, increasing the number of images to 46,513. Both the original (PDDB) and subdivided (XDB) databases are now being made freely available for academic research purposes, thus supporting new studies and contributing to speed up the advances in the area. Both collections are expected to grow continuously in order to expand their reach. PDDB and XDB can be accessed in the link https://www.digipathos-rep.cnptia.embrapa.br/.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/TLA.2018.8444395\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f86dae8cfb115aca709283dc0e518dd3cc65c5d1\",\n \"result_position\": 19,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 267288471,\n \"title\": \"Real-Time Plant Disease Dataset Development and Detection of Plant Disease Using Deep Learning\",\n \"venue\": \"IEEE Access\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"D. Joseph\",\n \"P. Pawar\",\n \"Kaustubh Chakradeo\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Agriculture plays a significant role in meeting food needs and providing food security for the increasingly growing global population, which has increased by 0.88% since 2022. Plant diseases can reduce food production and affect food security. Worldwide crop loss due to plant disease is estimated to be around 14.1%. The lack of proper identification of plant disease at the early stages of infection can result in inappropriate disease control measures. Therefore, the automatic identification and diagnosis of plant diseases are highly recommended. Lack of availability of large amounts of data that are not processed to a large extent is one of the main challenges in plant disease diagnosis. In the current manuscript, we developed datasets for food grains specifically for rice, wheat, and maize to address the identified challenges. The developed datasets consider the common diseases (two bacterial diseases and two fungal diseases of rice, four fungal diseases of maize, and four fungal diseases of wheat) that affect crop yields and cause damage to the whole plant. The datasets developed were applied to eight fine-tuned deep learning models with the same training hyperparameters. The experimental results based on eight fine-tuned deep learning models show that, while recognizing maize leaf diseases, the models Xception and MobileNet performed best with a testing accuracy of 0.9580 and 0.9464 respectively. Similarly, while recognizing the wheat leaf diseases, the models MobileNetV2 and MobileNet performed best with a testing accuracy of 0.9632 and 0.9628 respectively. The Xception and Inception V3 models performed best, with a testing accuracy of 0.9728 and 0.9620, respectively, for recognizing rice leaf diseases. The research also proposes a new convolutional neural network (CNN) model trained from scratch on all three food grain datasets developed. The proposed model performs well and shows a testing accuracy of 0.9704, 0.9706, and 0.9808 respectively on the maize, rice, and wheat datasets.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3358333\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/30c54dfb79a4c62bf06ed52a44df2236b6c05c34\",\n \"result_position\": 20,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 273554989,\n \"title\": \"An Improved Multi-Scale Feature Extraction Network for Rice Disease and Pest Recognition\",\n \"venue\": \"Insects\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Pengtao Lv\",\n \"Heliang Xu\",\n \"Yana Zhang\",\n \"Qinghui Zhang\",\n \"Quan Pan\",\n \"Yao Qin\",\n \"Youyang Chen\",\n \"Dengke Cao\",\n \"Jingping Wang\",\n \"Mengya Zhang\",\n \"Cong Chen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Simple Summary Rice is one of the most important sources of food for humans. However, rice production is frequently threatened by pests and diseases, resulting in significant losses. In this study, we developed a model that can assist agricultural practitioners in accurately identifying different types of rice pests and diseases. Our model can accurately identify seven different categories of rice pests and diseases, which enables agriculturalists to promptly identify the causes of crop damage and take appropriate measures to protect their crops. We hope that the application of this technology will reduce global rice losses and alleviate the problem of the global food crisis. Abstract In the process of rice production, rice pests are one of the main factors that cause rice yield reduction. To implement prevention and control measures, it is necessary to accurately identify the types of rice pests and diseases. However, the application of image recognition technologies focused on the agricultural field, especially in the field of rice disease and pest identification, is relatively limited. Existing research on rice diseases and pests has problems such as single data types, low data volume, and low recognition accuracy. Therefore, we constructed the rice pest and disease dataset (RPDD), which was expanded through data enhancement methods. Then, based on the ResNet structure and the convolutional attention mechanism module, we proposed a Lightweight Multi-scale Feature Extraction Network (LMN) to extract multi-scale features at a finer granularity. The proposed LMN model achieved an average classification accuracy of 95.38% and an F1-Score of 94.5% on the RPDD. The parameter size of the model is 1.4 M, and the FLOPs is 1.65 G. The results suggest that the LMN model performs rice disease and pest classification tasks more effectively than the baseline ResNet model by significantly reducing the model size and improving accuracy.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/insects15110827\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cef4d7aa10226259f79e2af9230132a027b251f1\",\n \"result_position\": 21,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 256602521,\n \"title\": \"Plant Disease Diagnosing Based on Deep Learning Techniques\",\n \"venue\": \"ARO. The Scientific Journal of Koya University\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Saman M. Omer\",\n \"K. Ghafoor\",\n \"S. Askar\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Agriculture crops are highly significant for the sustenance of human life and act as an essential source for national income development worldwide. Plant diseases and pests are considered one of the most imperative factors influencing food production, quality, and minimize losses in production. Farmers are currently facing difficulty in identifying various plant diseases and pests, which are important to prevent plant diseases effectively in a complicated environment. The recent development of deep learning techniques has found use in the diagnosis of plant diseases and pests, providing a robust tool with highly accurate results. In this context, this paper presents a comprehensive review of the literature that aims to identify the state of the art of the use of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in the process of diagnosing and identification of plant pest and diseases. In addition, it presents some issues that are facing the models performance, and also indicates gaps that should be addressed in the future. In this regard, we review studies with various methods that addressed plant disease detection, dataset characteristics, the crops, and pathogens. Moreover, it discusses the commonly employed five-step methodology for plant disease recognition, involving data acquisition, preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction, and classification. It discusses various deep learning architecture-based solutions that have a faster convergence rate of plant disease recognition. From this review, it is possible to understand the innovative trends regarding the use of CNN’s algorithms in the plant diseases diagnosis and to recognize the gaps that need the attention of the research community.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.14500/aro.11080\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a950057affdf14740bf843e3d760768758b41f11\",\n \"result_position\": 22,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 261847730,\n \"title\": \"FCBTYOLO: A Lightweight and High-Performance Fine Grain Detection Strategy for Rice Pests\",\n \"venue\": \"IEEE Access\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yiyu Yang\",\n \"Yongjun Xiao\",\n \"Ziao Chen\",\n \"Duoxun Tang\",\n \"Zhenghao Li\",\n \"Zhiyong Li\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Frequent pest infestations in rice can substantially decrease rice yield, severely hindering agricultural production. Computer vision can assist farmers in timely locating and removing partial or even entire plants infested with pests, achieving pest control. However, the size and population density variance of paddy pests commonly cause interclass and intraclass differences in pest datasets, as well as an imbalance in hard samples. In addition, existing deep learning models struggle to balance compactness with high detection accuracy. This paper addresses these challenges by constructing the GPest14 dataset using FastGAN image generation technology, web crawlers, and manual selection. This is a large-scale rice pest dataset containing 14 categories suitable for training fine-grained visual detection tasks of rice pests. This work proposes the Fully Connected Bottleneck Transformer (FCBT) module, implants it into the tail of the YOLOv8n architecture backbone, and constructs the FCBTYOLO object detection model. Results indicate that the Gpest14 dataset increases by at least 12.2% in mean Average Precision (mAP) across major detection models. Simultaneously, our proposed FCBTYOLO model can achieve an average precision (mAP@50) of 93.6% with the network training weights constrained to a mere 6.7MB, and it only requires 16.8 milliseconds to detect a single pest image. FCBTYOLO has been validated on the large-scale public Pest24 dataset, where it can achieve a 1.1% improvement in mAP over the YOLOv8n model while maintaining the training weight at 8.3MB. Compared with existing pest detection models, FCBTYOLO exhibits lighter, superior performance and is more suitable for field-embedded deployment in digital agriculture.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3314697\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c83f8fbccb5e1451984c5a53d0e3fd29ac5fdff6\",\n \"result_position\": 23,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 257678708,\n \"title\": \"An advanced deep learning models-based plant disease detection: A review of recent research\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Plant Science\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Shoaib\",\n \"Babar Shah\",\n \"Shaker EI-Sappagh\",\n \"Akhtar Ali\",\n \"Asad Ullah\",\n \"Fayadh S. Alenezi\",\n \"T. Gechev\",\n \"Tariq Hussain\",\n \"F. Ali\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Plants play a crucial role in supplying food globally. Various environmental factors lead to plant diseases which results in significant production losses. However, manual detection of plant diseases is a time-consuming and error-prone process. It can be an unreliable method of identifying and preventing the spread of plant diseases. Adopting advanced technologies such as Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) can help to overcome these challenges by enabling early identification of plant diseases. In this paper, the recent advancements in the use of ML and DL techniques for the identification of plant diseases are explored. The research focuses on publications between 2015 and 2022, and the experiments discussed in this study demonstrate the effectiveness of using these techniques in improving the accuracy and efficiency of plant disease detection. This study also addresses the challenges and limitations associated with using ML and DL for plant disease identification, such as issues with data availability, imaging quality, and the differentiation between healthy and diseased plants. The research provides valuable insights for plant disease detection researchers, practitioners, and industry professionals by offering solutions to these challenges and limitations, providing a comprehensive understanding of the current state of research in this field, highlighting the benefits and limitations of these methods, and proposing potential solutions to overcome the challenges of their implementation.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fpls.2023.1158933\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8c5ea98097aaff87011570e5f86ca1a004135a34\",\n \"result_position\": 24,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 267812708,\n \"title\": \"Rice pest dataset supports the construction of smart farming systems\",\n \"venue\": \"Data in Brief\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Luyl-Da Quach\",\n \"K. N. Quoc\",\n \"Anh Nguyen Ngoc Quynh\",\n \"L. T. Thu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Rice holds a significant position in the global food supply chain, particularly in Asian, African, and Latin American countries. However, rice pests and diseases cause significant damage to the supply and growth of the rice cultivation industry. Therefore, this article provides a high-quality dataset that has been reviewed by agricultural experts. The dataset is well-suited to support the development of automation systems and smart farming practices. It plays a vital role in facilitating the automatic construction, detection, and classification of rice diseases. However, challenges arise due to the diversity of the dataset collected from various sources, varying in terms of disease types and sizes. This necessitates support for upgrading and enhancing the dataset through various operations in data processing, preprocessing, and statistical analysis. The dataset is provided completely free of charge and has been rigorously evaluated by agricultural experts, making it a reliable resource for system development, research, and communication needs.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.dib.2024.110046\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3d9d7e76b2058f1a7b6bf30898f67d215e67f487\",\n \"result_position\": 25,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 268027687,\n \"title\": \"Using transfer learning-based plant disease classification and detection for sustainable agriculture\",\n \"venue\": \"BMC Plant Biology\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"W. Shafik\",\n \"Ali Tufail\",\n \"Chandratilak De Silva Liyanage\",\n \"R. Apong\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Subsistence farmers and global food security depend on sufficient food production, which aligns with the UN's “Zero Hunger,” “Climate Action,” and “Responsible Consumption and Production” sustainable development goals. In addition to already available methods for early disease detection and classification facing overfitting and fine feature extraction complexities during the training process, how early signs of green attacks can be identified or classified remains uncertain. Most pests and disease symptoms are seen in plant leaves and fruits, yet their diagnosis by experts in the laboratory is expensive, tedious, labor-intensive, and time-consuming. Notably, how plant pests and diseases can be appropriately detected and timely prevented is a hotspot paradigm in smart, sustainable agriculture remains unknown. In recent years, deep transfer learning has demonstrated tremendous advances in the recognition accuracy of object detection and image classification systems since these frameworks utilize previously acquired knowledge to solve similar problems more effectively and quickly. Therefore, in this research, we introduce two plant disease detection (PDDNet) models of early fusion (AE) and the lead voting ensemble (LVE) integrated with nine pre-trained convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and fine-tuned by deep feature extraction for efficient plant disease identification and classification. The experiments were carried out on 15 classes of the popular PlantVillage dataset, which has 54,305 image samples of different plant disease species in 38 categories. Hyperparameter fine-tuning was done with popular pre-trained models, including DenseNet201, ResNet101, ResNet50, GoogleNet, AlexNet, ResNet18, EfficientNetB7, NASNetMobile, and ConvNeXtSmall. We test these CNNs on the stated plant disease detection and classification problem, both independently and as part of an ensemble. In the final phase, a logistic regression (LR) classifier is utilized to determine the performance of various CNN model combinations. A comparative analysis was also performed on classifiers, deep learning, the proposed model, and similar state-of-the-art studies. The experiments demonstrated that PDDNet-AE and PDDNet-LVE achieved 96.74% and 97.79%, respectively, compared to current CNNs when tested on several plant diseases, depicting its exceptional robustness and generalization capabilities and mitigating current concerns in plant disease detection and classification.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1186/s12870-024-04825-y\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/790ad1ad1c0638031e1b18f0452417ca6e0b99b8\",\n \"result_position\": 26,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 249807209,\n \"title\": \"A Survey on Using Deep Learning Techniques for Plant Disease Diagnosis and Recommendations for Development of Appropriate Tools\",\n \"venue\": \"Smart Agricultural Technology\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Ahmad\",\n \"D. Saraswat\",\n \"A. E. Gamal\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.atech.2022.100083\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/577706187a9804b06fe33ed73c655f399034a638\",\n \"result_position\": 27,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 232042081,\n \"title\": \"Plant diseases and pests detection based on deep learning: a review\",\n \"venue\": \"Plant Methods\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jun Liu\",\n \"Xuewei Wang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Plant diseases and pests are important factors determining the yield and quality of plants. Plant diseases and pests identification can be carried out by means of digital image processing. In recent years, deep learning has made breakthroughs in the field of digital image processing, far superior to traditional methods. How to use deep learning technology to study plant diseases and pests identification has become a research issue of great concern to researchers. This review provides a definition of plant diseases and pests detection problem, puts forward a comparison with traditional plant diseases and pests detection methods. According to the difference of network structure, this study outlines the research on plant diseases and pests detection based on deep learning in recent years from three aspects of classification network, detection network and segmentation network, and the advantages and disadvantages of each method are summarized. Common datasets are introduced, and the performance of existing studies is compared. On this basis, this study discusses possible challenges in practical applications of plant diseases and pests detection based on deep learning. In addition, possible solutions and research ideas are proposed for the challenges, and several suggestions are given. Finally, this study gives the analysis and prospect of the future trend of plant diseases and pests detection based on deep learning.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1186/s13007-021-00722-9\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b415adc22ac3133c82078c987303c422c56b3b5e\",\n \"result_position\": 28,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 221097104,\n \"title\": \"Deep feature based rice leaf disease identification using support vector machine\",\n \"venue\": \"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Dr. Prabira Kumar Sethy\",\n \"N. Barpanda\",\n \"A. Rath\",\n \"S. Behera\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract Features are the vital factor for image classification in the field of machine learning. The advancement of deep convolutional neural network (CNN) shows the way for identification of rice diseases using deep features with the expectation of high returns. This paper introduced 5932 on-field images of four types of rice leaf diseases, namely bacterial blight, blast, brown spot and tungro. In addition, the performance evaluation of 11 CNN models in transfer learning approach and deep feature plus support vector machine (SVM) was carried out. The simulation results show the deep feature plus SVM perform better classification compared to transfer learning counterpart. Also, the performance of small CNN models such as mobilenetv2 and shufflenet was examined. The performance evaluation was carried out in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, false positive rate (FPR), F1 Score and training time. Again, the statistical analysis was performed to choose the better classification model. The deep feature of ResNet50 plus SVM performs better with F1 score of 0.9838. The fc6 layer of vgg16, vgg19 and AlexNet have better contribution towards classification compared to fc7 and fc8. Further, the F1 score of CNN classification models was compared with other traditional image classification models such as bag-of-feature, local binary patterns (LBP) plus SVM, histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) plus SVM and Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) plus SVM.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.compag.2020.105527\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ae2190e83f17cca145c004ba512a22eae31a0c0f\",\n \"result_position\": 29,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 270676601,\n \"title\": \"Research on Intelligent Recognition for Plant Pests and Diseases Based on Improved YOLOv8 Model\",\n \"venue\": \"Applied Sciences\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yuchun Wang\",\n \"Cancan Yi\",\n \"Tao Huang\",\n \"Jun Liu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Plant pests and diseases are important parts of insect disease control and the high-quality development of agriculture. Traditional methods for identifying plant diseases and pests suffer from low accuracy and slow speed, while the existing machine learning methods are constrained by environmental and technological factors, leading to low recognition efficiency. To address the issue of the above problems, this paper has proposed an intelligent recognition algorithm based on the improved YOLOv8 model, which has high recognition accuracy and speed. Firstly, in the Backbone network, the Global Attention Mechanism (GAM) is adopted to weigh the important feature information, thereby improving the accuracy of the model. Secondly, in the mixed feature part of the Neck network, the Receptive-Field Attention Convolutional (RFA Conv) operation is used instead of standard convolution operations to enhance the processing ability for feature information and to reduce computational complexity and costs, thus improving the network performance. After verifying the rice and cotton datasets, the accuracy indicator mean average precision (mAP) reaches 71.27% and 82.91%, respectively, in the two different datasets. Comparing these indices with those of the Faster R-CNN, YOLOv7, and the original YOLOv8 model, the results fully demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the improved model in terms of detection accuracy.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/app14125353\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6528ac19054690a1d372a998db44c454f8aa6de8\",\n \"result_position\": 30,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 250661236,\n \"title\": \"Rice Leaves Disease Detection and Classification Using Transfer Learning Technique\",\n \"venue\": \"2022 2nd International Conference on Advance Computing and Innovative Technologies in Engineering (ICACITE)\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Rukhsar\",\n \"Santosh Kumar Upadhyay\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The demand for food grains is increasing as the world's population grows. Half of the country's population relies on paddy as a food source. Most farmers struggle with the challenges in the early detection of rice leaf disease. Rice leaf diseases such as Blast, blight, and tungro can be detected early using transfer learning models, allowing us to prevent disease spread over the entire plant and thus increasing the rice yields. Using transfer learning techniques DenseNet201, the suggested system has been used to identify diseases in rice crops. This research focuses on three well-known rice diseases: fungus-caused blast, bacteria-caused bacterial leaf blight, and virus-caused tungro. A total dataset of 240 images of three classes is taken. When compared to existing models, our experimental results analysis of DenseN et201 has a higher accuracy of 96.09 percent. The same data set is also applied to simple CNN, which has achieved a 62.20% accuracy.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/icacite53722.2022.9823596\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/973715adcecb577171e5fa9df68df965ff397ca9\",\n \"result_position\": 31,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 258078252,\n \"title\": \"Algorithms and Models for Automatic Detection and Classification of Diseases and Pests in Agricultural Crops: A Systematic Review\",\n \"venue\": \"Applied Sciences\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Mauro Francisco\",\n \"F. Ribeiro\",\n \"J. Metrôlho\",\n \"Rogério Dionísio\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Plant diseases and pests significantly influence food production and the productivity and economic profitability of agricultural crops. This has led to great interest in developing technological solutions to enable timely and accurate detection. This systematic review aimed to find studies on the automation of processes to detect, identify and classify diseases and pests in agricultural crops. The goal is to characterize the class of algorithms, models and their characteristics and understand the efficiency of the various approaches and their applicability. The literature search was conducted in two citation databases. The initial search returned 278 studies and, after removing duplicates and applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 48 articles were included in the review. As a result, seven research questions were answered that allowed a characterization of the most studied crops, diseases and pests, the datasets used, the algorithms, their inputs and the levels of accuracy that have been achieved in automatic identification and classification of diseases and pests. Some trends that have been most noticed are also highlighted.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/app13084720\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bf98799d5182fb4482cbc303211f67fd301fcba9\",\n \"result_position\": 32,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 247869311,\n \"title\": \"A Spatial Feature-Enhanced Attention Neural Network with High-Order Pooling Representation for Application in Pest and Disease Recognition\",\n \"venue\": \"Agriculture\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jianlei Kong\",\n \"Hong-Xing Wang\",\n \"Chengcai Yang\",\n \"Xue-bo Jin\",\n \"Min Zuo\",\n \"Xin Zhang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"With the development of advanced information and intelligence technologies, precision agriculture has become an effective solution to monitor and prevent crop pests and diseases. However, pest and disease recognition in precision agriculture applications is essentially the fine-grained image classification task, which aims to learn effective discriminative features that can identify the subtle differences among similar visual samples. It is still challenging to solve for existing standard models troubled by oversized parameters and low accuracy performance. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a feature-enhanced attention neural network (Fe-Net) to handle the fine-grained image recognition of crop pests and diseases in innovative agronomy practices. This model is established based on an improved CSP-stage backbone network, which offers massive channel-shuffled features in various dimensions and sizes. Then, a spatial feature-enhanced attention module is added to exploit the spatial interrelationship between different semantic regions. Finally, the proposed Fe-Net employs a higher-order pooling module to mine more highly representative features by computing the square root of the covariance matrix of elements. The whole architecture is efficiently trained in an end-to-end way without additional manipulation. With comparative experiments on the CropDP-181 Dataset, the proposed Fe-Net achieves Top-1 Accuracy up to 85.29% with an average recognition time of only 71 ms, outperforming other existing methods. More experimental evidence demonstrates that our approach obtains a balance between the model’s performance and parameters, which is suitable for its practical deployment in precision agriculture art applications.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/agriculture12040500\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/779429786a59d52438942c430cf68f99ca89cb3f\",\n \"result_position\": 33,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 259927881,\n \"title\": \"A lightweight model for efficient identification of plant diseases and pests based on deep learning\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Plant Science\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Hongliang Guan\",\n \"Chen Fu\",\n \"Guangyuan Zhang\",\n \"Kefeng Li\",\n \"Peng Wang\",\n \"Zhenfang Zhu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Plant diseases and pests have always been major contributors to losses that occur in agriculture. Currently, the use of deep learning-based convolutional neural network models allows for the accurate identification of different types of plant diseases and pests. To enable more efficient identification of plant diseases and pests, we design a novel network architecture called Dise-Efficient based on the EfficientNetV2 model. Our experiments demonstrate that training this model using a dynamic learning rate decay strategy can improve the accuracy of plant disease and pest identification. Furthermore, to improve the model’s generalization ability, transfer learning is incorporated into the training process. Experimental results indicate that the Dise-Efficient model boasts a compact size of 13.3 MB. After being trained using the dynamic learning rate decay strategy, the model achieves an accuracy of 99.80% on the Plant Village plant disease and pest dataset. Moreover, through transfer learning on the IP102 dataset, which represents real-world environmental conditions, the Dise-Efficient model achieves a recognition accuracy of 64.40% for plant disease and pest identification. In light of these results, the proposed Dise-Efficient model holds great potential as a valuable reference for the deployment of automatic plant disease and pest identification applications on mobile and embedded devices in the future.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fpls.2023.1227011\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8ccde395bff14d3b043ffb04b241ab2a52bac284\",\n \"result_position\": 34,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 276552991,\n \"title\": \"Leveraging deep learning for plant disease and pest detection: a comprehensive review and future directions\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Plant Science\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Muhammad Shoaib\",\n \"A. Sadeghi-Niaraki\",\n \"Farman Ali\",\n \"Irfan Hussain\",\n \"Shah Khalid\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Plant diseases and pests pose significant threats to crop yield and quality, prompting the exploration of digital image processing techniques for their detection. Recent advancements in deep learning models have shown remarkable progress in this domain, outperforming traditional methods across various fronts including classification, detection, and segmentation networks. This review delves into recent research endeavors focused on leveraging deep learning for detecting plant and pest diseases, reflecting a burgeoning interest among researchers in artificial intelligence-driven approaches for agricultural analysis. The study begins by elucidating the limitations of conventional detection methods, setting the stage for exploring the challenges and opportunities inherent in deploying deep learning in real-world applications for plant disease and pest infestation detection. Moreover, the review offers insights into potential solutions while critically analyzing the obstacles encountered. Furthermore, it conducts a meticulous examination and prognostication of the trajectory of deep learning models in plant disease and pest infestation detection. Through this comprehensive analysis, the review seeks to provide a nuanced understanding of the evolving landscape and prospects in this vital area of agricultural research. The review highlights that state-of-the-art deep learning models have achieved impressive accuracies, with classification tasks often exceeding 95% and detection and segmentation networks demonstrating precision rates above 90% in identifying plant diseases and pest infestations. These findings underscore the transformative potential of deep learning in revolutionizing agricultural diagnostics.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fpls.2025.1538163\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c95b2f15c5541ce6664ac8d0c942054eac0df8b8\",\n \"result_position\": 35,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 267252581,\n \"title\": \"TRiP: a transfer learning based rice disease phenotype recognition platform using SENet and microservices\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Plant Science\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Peisen Yuan\",\n \"Ye Xia\",\n \"Yongchao Tian\",\n \"Huanliang Xu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Classification of rice disease is one significant research topics in rice phenotyping. Recognition of rice diseases such as Bacterialblight, Blast, Brownspot, Leaf smut, and Tungro are a critical research field in rice phenotyping. However, accurately identifying these diseases is a challenging issue due to their high phenotypic similarity. To address this challenge, we propose a rice disease phenotype identification framework which utilizing the transfer learning and SENet with attention mechanism on the cloud platform. The pre-trained parameters are transferred to the SENet network for parameters optimization. To capture distinctive features of rice diseases, the attention mechanism is applied for feature extracting. Experiment test and comparative analysis are conducted on the real rice disease datasets. The experimental results show that the accuracy of our method reaches 0.9573. Furthermore, we implemented a rice disease phenotype recognition platform based microservices architecture and deployed it on the cloud, which can provide rice disease phenotype recognition task as a service for easy usage.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fpls.2023.1255015\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/10376ff0568c44a36e8167d23882b3b80598ec19\",\n \"result_position\": 36,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 235729755,\n \"title\": \"Convolutional Rebalancing Network for the Classification of Large Imbalanced Rice Pest and Disease Datasets in the Field\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Plant Science\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Guofeng Yang\",\n \"Guipeng Chen\",\n \"Cong Li\",\n \"Jiangfan Fu\",\n \"Yang Guo\",\n \"Hua Liang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The accurate classification of crop pests and diseases is essential for their prevention and control. However, datasets of pest and disease images collected in the field usually exhibit long-tailed distributions with heavy category imbalance, posing great challenges for a deep recognition and classification model. This paper proposes a novel convolutional rebalancing network to classify rice pests and diseases from image datasets collected in the field. To improve the classification performance, the proposed network includes a convolutional rebalancing module, an image augmentation module, and a feature fusion module. In the convolutional rebalancing module, instance-balanced sampling is used to extract features of the images in the rice pest and disease dataset, while reversed sampling is used to improve feature extraction of the categories with fewer images in the dataset. Building on the convolutional rebalancing module, we design an image augmentation module to augment the training data effectively. To further enhance the classification performance, a feature fusion module fuses the image features learned by the convolutional rebalancing module and ensures that the feature extraction of the imbalanced dataset is more comprehensive. Extensive experiments in the large-scale imbalanced dataset of rice pests and diseases (18,391 images), publicly available plant image datasets (Flavia, Swedish Leaf, and UCI Leaf) and pest image datasets (SMALL and IP102) verify the robustness of the proposed network, and the results demonstrate its superior performance over state-of-the-art methods, with an accuracy of 97.58% on rice pest and disease image dataset. We conclude that the proposed network can provide an important tool for the intelligent control of rice pests and diseases in the field.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fpls.2021.671134\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8caf97b41bfa3bdc90b99d015eb066ba30e5ee28\",\n \"result_position\": 37,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 258113142,\n \"title\": \"Rice pest identification based on multi-scale double-branch GAN-ResNet\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Plant Science\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Kui Hu\",\n \"Yongmin Liu\",\n \"Jiawei Nie\",\n \"Xinying Zheng\",\n \"Wei Zhang\",\n \"Yuanling Liu\",\n \"Tian-Cheng Xie\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Rice production is crucial to the food security of all human beings, and how rice pests and diseases can be effectively prevented in and timely detected is a hotspot issue in the field of smart agriculture. Deep learning has become the preferred method for rice pest identification due to its excellent performance, especially in the aspect of autonomous learning of image features. However, in the natural environment, the dataset is too small and vulnerable to the complex background, which easily leads to problems such as overfitting, and too difficult to extract the fine features during the process of training. To solve the above problems, a Multi-Scale Dual-branch structural rice pest identification model based on a generative adversarial network and improved ResNet was proposed. Based on the ResNet model, the ConvNeXt residual block was introduced to optimize the calculation ratio of the residual blocks, and the double-branch structure was constructed to extract disease features of different sizes in the input disease images, which it adjusts the size of the convolution kernel of each branch. In the complex natural environment, data pre-processing methods such as random brightness and motion blur, and data enhancement methods such as mirroring, cropping, and scaling were used to allow the dataset of 5,932 rice disease images captured from the natural environment to be expanded to 20,000 by the dataset in this paper. The new model was trained on the new dataset to identify four common rice diseases. The experimental results showed that the recognition accuracy of the new rice pest recognition model, which was proposed for the first time, improved by 2.66% compared with the original ResNet model. Under the same experimental conditions, the new model had the best performance when compared with classical networks such as AlexNet, VGG, DenseNet, ResNet, and Transformer, and its recognition accuracy could be as high as 99.34%. The model has good generalization ability and excellent robustness, which solves the current problems in rice pest identification, such as the data set is too small and easy to lead to overfitting, and the picture background is difficult to extract disease features, and greatly improves the recognition accuracy of the model by using a multi-scale double branch structure. It provides a superior solution for crop pest and disease identification.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fpls.2023.1167121\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/11fcdd85cb30f985e22fab7ad4569b6a936555cf\",\n \"result_position\": 38,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 235427367,\n \"title\": \"Image-Based Detection of Plant Diseases: From Classical Machine Learning to Deep Learning Journey\",\n \"venue\": \"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Rehanullah Khan\",\n \"Khalil Khan\",\n \"Waleed Albattah\",\n \"Ali Mustafa Qamar\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Plant disease automation in agriculture science is the primary concern for every country, as the food demand is increasing at a fast rate due to an increase in population. Moreover, the increased use of technology today has increased the efficacy and accuracy of detecting diseases in plants and animals. The detection process marks the beginning of a series of activities to fight the diseases and reduce their spread. Some diseases are also transmitted between animals and human beings, making it hard to fight them. For many years, scientists have researched how to deal with the common diseases that affect humans and plants. However, there are still many parts of the detection and discovery process that have not been completed. The technology used in medical procedures has not been adequate to detect all diseases on time, and that is why some diseases turn out to become pandemics because they are hard to detect on time. Our focus is to clarify the details about the diseases and how to detect them promptly with artificial intelligence. We discuss the use of machine learning and deep learning to detect diseases in plants automatically. Our study also focuses on how machine learning methods have been moved from conventional machine learning to deep learning in the last five years. Furthermore, different data sets related to plant diseases are discussed in detail. The challenges and problems associated with the existing systems are also presented.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1155/2021/5541859\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/99b32e402447ad13ca0da231b60885ff906f2221\",\n \"result_position\": 39,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 264388954,\n \"title\": \"MCD-Yolov5: Accurate, Real-Time Crop Disease and Pest Identification Approach Using UAVs\",\n \"venue\": \"Electronics\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Lianpeng Li\",\n \"Hui Zhao\",\n \"Ning Liu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"As the principal factor affecting global food production, accurate identification of agricultural pests and diseases is crucial in ensuring a sustainable food supply. However, existing methods lack sufficient performance in terms of accuracy and real-time detection of multiple pests and diseases. Accordingly, accurate, efficient, and real-time identification of a wide range of pests and diseases is challenging. To address this, we propose an MCD-Yolov5 with a fusion design that combines multi-layer feature fusion (MLFF), convolutional block attention module CBAM, and detection transformer (DETF). In this model, we optimize the MLFF design to realize the dynamic adjustment of feature weights of the input feature layer to (1) find an appropriate distribution of feature information proportion for the detection task, (2) enhance detection speed by efficiently extracting effective images and effective features through CBAM, and (3) improve feature extraction capability through DETF to compensate for the accuracy problem of multiple pest detection. In addition, we established an unmanned aerial vehicle system (UAV) for crop pest and disease detection to assist in detection and prevention. We validate the performance of the proposed method through an established UAV platform, and five indicators are employed to quantify the performance. MCD-Yolov5 can detect pests and diseases with a large improvement in detection accuracy and detection efficiency, obtaining an 88.12% accuracy. The proposed method and system provide an idea for the effective identification of pests and diseases.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/electronics12204365\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cf1a061f9b2270431bc034b4791bc3ae4737b53a\",\n \"result_position\": 40,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 260418689,\n \"title\": \"Crop-saving with AI: latest trends in deep learning techniques for plant pathology\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Plant Science\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Zafar Salman\",\n \"A. Muhammad\",\n \"Md. Jalil Piran\",\n \"Dongil Han\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Plant diseases pose a major threat to agricultural production and the food supply chain, as they expose plants to potentially disruptive pathogens that can affect the lives of those who are associated with it. Deep learning has been applied in a range of fields such as object detection, autonomous vehicles, fraud detection etc. Several researchers have tried to implement deep learning techniques in precision agriculture. However, there are pros and cons to the approaches they have opted for disease detection and identification. In this survey, we have made an attempt to capture the significant advancements in machine-learning based disease detection. We have discussed prevalent datasets and techniques that have been employed as well as highlighted emerging approaches being used for plant disease detection. By exploring these advancements, we aim to present a comprehensive overview of the prominent approaches in precision agriculture, along with their associated challenges and potential improvements. This paper delves into the challenges associated with the implementation and briefly discusses the future trends. Overall, this paper presents a bird’s eye view of plant disease datasets, deep learning techniques, their accuracies and the challenges associated with them. Our insights will serve as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in the field. We hope that this survey will inform and inspire future research efforts, ultimately leading to improved precision agriculture practices and enhanced crop health management.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fpls.2023.1224709\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/76cfdda91da9a2ea9a51226196eb4b7c13e25baa\",\n \"result_position\": 41,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 273258584,\n \"title\": \"\\\"A novel hybrid deep learning framework for enhanced segmentation of rice leaf diseases using attention-driven efficientnet models\\\"\",\n \"venue\": \"Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Pooja Sharma\",\n \"Ajay Khunteta\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Rice diseases such as bacterial leaf blight, brown spot, and blast pose significant threats to global food security by reducing crop yields, making early and accurate detection crucial. This study aims to improve automated segmentation of rice leaf diseases using advanced deep learning techniques, specifically U-Net with MobileNetV2, DeepLabV3+ with EfficientNetB4, and U-Net with EfficientNetB7 integrated with attention gates. The models were evaluated on a dataset of diseased rice leaves for segmentation accuracy, computational efficiency, and robustness in real-world conditions. Results show that the U-Net with EfficientNetB7 and attention gates outperforms the other models, particularly for complex leaf images, achieving superior accuracy and generalization. This research provides a practical, real-time solution for early disease detection in rice, contributing to precision agriculture by helping reduce crop losses and optimize the use of agrochemicals, ultimately promoting sustainable crop management.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.55214/25768484.v8i6.2167\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b05c7b4188493c5e4924c00d9db913668b632d36\",\n \"result_position\": 42,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 67863756,\n \"title\": \"Rice Blast Disease Recognition Using a Deep Convolutional Neural Network\",\n \"venue\": \"Scientific Reports\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Wanjie Liang\",\n \"Hong Zhang\",\n \"Gu-feng Zhang\",\n \"Hong-xin Cao\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Rice disease recognition is crucial in automated rice disease diagnosis systems. At present, deep convolutional neural network (CNN) is generally considered the state-of-the-art solution in image recognition. In this paper, we propose a novel rice blast recognition method based on CNN. A dataset of 2906 positive samples and 2902 negative samples is established for training and testing the CNN model. In addition, we conduct comparative experiments for qualitative and quantitatively analysis in our evaluation of the effectiveness of the proposed method. The evaluation results show that the high-level features extracted by CNN are more discriminative and effective than traditional hand-crafted features including local binary patterns histograms (LBPH) and Haar-WT (Wavelet Transform). Moreover, quantitative evaluation results indicate that CNN with Softmax and CNN with support vector machine (SVM) have similar performances, with higher accuracy, larger area under curve (AUC), and better receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves than both LBPH plus an SVM as the classifier and Haar-WT plus an SVM as the classifier. Therefore, our CNN model is a top performing method for rice blast disease recognition and can be potentially employed in practical applications.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s41598-019-38966-0\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/94a71b44e265594f2fea56230842698ce0424f77\",\n \"result_position\": 43,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 255042329,\n \"title\": \"An Intelligent System for Cucumber Leaf Disease Diagnosis Based on the Tuned Convolutional Neural Network Algorithm\",\n \"venue\": \"Mobile Information Systems\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Saman M. Omer\",\n \"K. Ghafoor\",\n \"S. Askar\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In agriculture farming, pests and other plant diseases are the most imperative factor that causes significant hindrance to cucumber production and its quality. Farmers around the globe are currently facing difficulty in recognizing various cucumber leaf diseases, which is imperative to preventing leaf diseases effectively. Manual techniques to diagnose cucumber diseases are often time-consuming, subjective, and laborious. To address this issue, this paper proposes a tuned convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm to recognise five cucumber diseases and healthy leaves that comprises image enhancement, feature extraction, and classification. Data augmentation methods were utilized as a preprocessing step to enlarge the datasets, and it was also to decrease the chance of overfitting. Automatically features are extracted by using CNN layers. Finally, five cucumber leaf diseases and one healthy leaf are classified. Furthermore, to overcome the lack of a public dataset, a new dataset of cucumber leaf diseases has been constructed that includes spider, leaf miner, downy mildew, powdery mildew, one viral disease, and healthy class leaves. The dataset has a total of 4868 cucumber leaf images. In order to prove the authenticity of the proposed CNN, comparative experiments were conducted using pretrained models (AlexNet, Inception-V3, and ResNet-50). The proposed CNN achieves a recognition accuracy of 98.19% with the augmented dataset and 100% with the publicly plant disease dataset. The experimental results confirm that the proposed CNN algorithm was efficient for recognizing the cucumber leaf diseases compared with other algorithms.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1155/2022/8909121\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/113de037733fbaf084acc1d602a3cdcf2f343bbc\",\n \"result_position\": 44,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 250497701,\n \"title\": \"A Dataset for Forestry Pest Identification\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Plant Science\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Bing Liu\",\n \"Luyang Liu\",\n \"Ran Zhuo\",\n \"Weidong Chen\",\n \"Rui Duan\",\n \"Guishen Wang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The identification of forest pests is of great significance to the prevention and control of the forest pests' scale. However, existing datasets mainly focus on common objects, which limits the application of deep learning techniques in specific fields (such as agriculture). In this paper, we collected images of forestry pests and constructed a dataset for forestry pest identification, called Forestry Pest Dataset. The Forestry Pest Dataset contains 31 categories of pests and their different forms. We conduct several mainstream object detection experiments on this dataset. The experimental results show that the dataset achieves good performance on various models. We hope that our Forestry Pest Dataset will help researchers in the field of pest control and pest detection in the future.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fpls.2022.857104\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c7a1e854cef19744d38864575cf41e8c40ece72b\",\n \"result_position\": 45,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 254295683,\n \"title\": \"Data-centric annotation analysis for plant disease detection: Strategy, consistency, and performance\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Plant Science\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jiuqing Dong\",\n \"Jaehwan Lee\",\n \"A. Fuentes\",\n \"Mingle Xu\",\n \"Sook Yoon\",\n \"Mun-haeng Lee\",\n \"D. Park\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Object detection models have become the current tool of choice for plant disease detection in precision agriculture. Most existing research improved the performance by ameliorating networks and optimizing the loss function. However, because of the vast influence of data annotation quality and the cost of annotation, the data-centric part of a project also needs more investigation. We should further consider the relationship between data annotation strategies, annotation quality, and the model’s performance. In this paper, a systematic strategy with four annotation strategies for plant disease detection is proposed: local, semi-global, global, and symptom-adaptive annotation. Labels with different annotation strategies will result in distinct models’ performance, and their contrasts are remarkable. An interpretability study of the annotation strategy is conducted by using class activation maps. In addition, we define five types of inconsistencies in the annotation process and investigate the severity of the impact of inconsistent labels on model’s performance. Finally, we discuss the problem of label inconsistency during data augmentation. Overall, this data-centric quantitative analysis helps us to understand the significance of annotation strategies, which provides practitioners a way to obtain higher performance and reduce annotation costs on plant disease detection. Our work encourages researchers to pay more attention to annotation consistency and the essential issues of annotation strategy. The code will be released at: https://github.com/JiuqingDong/PlantDiseaseDetection_Yolov5 .\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fpls.2022.1037655\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c5c1bc902e4447bc6e39f7a638f239d778696d0a\",\n \"result_position\": 46,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 211834182,\n \"title\": \"Detection of rice plant diseases based on deep transfer learning.\",\n \"venue\": \"The Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Junde Chen\",\n \"Defu Zhang\",\n \"Y. A. Nanehkaran\",\n \"Dele Li\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"BACKGROUND\\nAs the primary food for nearly half of the world's population, rice is cultivated almost all over the world, especially in Asian countries. However, the farmers and planting experts have been facing many persistent agricultural challenges for centuries, such as different diseases of rice. The severe rice diseases may lead to no harvest of grains; therefore, a fast, automatic, less expensive and accurate method to detect rice diseases is highly desired in the field of agricultural information.\\n\\n\\nRESULTS\\nIn this paper, we study the deep learning approach for solving the task since it has shown outstanding performance in image processing and classification problem. Combined the advantages of both, the DenseNet pre-trained on ImageNet and Inception module were selected to be used in the network, and this approach presents a superior performance with respect to other state-of-the-art methods. It achieves an average predicting accuracy of no less than 94.07% in the public dataset. Even when multiple diseases were considered, the average accuracy reaches 98.63% for the class prediction of rice disease images.\\n\\n\\nCONCLUSIONS\\nThe experimental results prove the validity of the proposed approach, and it is accomplished efficiently for rice disease detection. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1002/jsfa.10365\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0be24c1d759f2886f5b49419518b8fb86db36629\",\n \"result_position\": 47,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 236206005,\n \"title\": \"Classification of Diseases in Paddy using Deep Convolutional Neural Network\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Physics: Conference Series\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"V. Malathi\",\n \"M. Gopinath\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Paddy disease detection is decisive in the field of automatic pathogens diagnosis machine. Currently, Deep Con- volutional neural network typically examined the state-of-the art results in image classification. In this work, we proposed a novel DCNN model to identify previously known bacteria leaf blight, brown spot, leaf blast, leaf smut and narrow diseases in prior knowledge. A unique repository of data holds 1260 images of different diseases, 80% of data carried out for training and 20% for testing the samples. To add advantages to our model, we built our model using ADAM optimizer and conducted comparative research over SVM (support vector machine), KNN (K-Nearest neighbor) and ANN (Artificial Neural Network). The dataset given to the novel DCNN model with keras framework and achieved testing accuracy of 0.940 with less training error rate of 0.013. The interpretation outcome demonstrates that high level image classification accuracy with less error rate was achieved by novel DCNN model than traditional methods. Therefore, our model performs best for recognizing 5 paddy diseases and can be possibly implemented in day to day life application.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1088/1742-6596/1964/4/042028\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8cf1130b46918bbbc306233c41013a020baa636c\",\n \"result_position\": 48,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 225686318,\n \"title\": \"Detecting and Classifying Pests in Crops Using Proximal Images and Machine Learning: A Review\",\n \"venue\": \"Applied Informatics\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Barbedo\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Pest management is among the most important activities in a farm. Monitoring all different species visually may not be effective, especially in large properties. Accordingly, considerable research effort has been spent towards the development of effective ways to remotely monitor potential infestations. A growing number of solutions combine proximal digital images with machine learning techniques, but since species and conditions associated to each study vary considerably, it is difficult to draw a realistic picture of the actual state of the art on the subject. In this context, the objectives of this article are (1) to briefly describe some of the most relevant investigations on the subject of automatic pest detection using proximal digital images and machine learning; (2) to provide a unified overview of the research carried out so far, with special emphasis to research gaps that still linger; (3) to propose some possible targets for future research.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/ai1020021\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/97d721668f0206c72e710a3f76e61dbaaadf5190\",\n \"result_position\": 49,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 268898210,\n \"title\": \"A Hybrid ViT-CNN Model Premeditated for Rice Leaf Disease Identification\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Computational Methods & Experimental Measurements\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"T. P\",\n \"B. B\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"ABSTRACT\",\n \"doi\": \"10.18280/ijcmem.120104\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/506d162ed40de3978c857ac41be7952a83a16334\",\n \"result_position\": 50,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 209509335,\n \"title\": \"Experimental analysis and evaluation of wide residual networks based agricultural disease identification in smart agriculture system\",\n \"venue\": \"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Haoxu Yang\",\n \"Lutao Gao\",\n \"Niansheng Tang\",\n \"Po Yang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Specialised pest and disease control in the agricultural crops industry have been a high-priority issue. Due to great cost-effectiveness and efficient automation, computer vision (CV)–based automatic pest or disease identification techniques are widely utilised in the smart agricultural systems. As rapid development of artificial intelligence, in the field of computer vision–based agricultural pest identification, an increasing number of scholars have begun to move their attentions from traditional machine learning models to deep learning techniques. However, so far, deep learning techniques still have been suffering from many problems such as limited data samples, cost-effectiveness of network structure, and high image quality requirements. These issues greatly limit the potential utilisation of deep-learning techniques into smart agricultural systems. This paper aims at investigating utilization of one new deep-learning model WRN (wide residual networks) into CV-based automatic disease identification problem. We first built up a large-scale agricultural disease images dataset containing over 36,000 pieces of diseases, which includes typical types of disease in tomato, potato, grape, corn and apple. Then, we analysed and evaluated wide residual networks algorithm using the Tesla K80 graphics processor (GPU) in the TensorFlow deep-learning framework. A set of comprehensive experimental protocols have been designed in comparing with GoogLeNet Inception V4 regarding several benchmarks. The experimental results indicate that (1) under WRN architecture, Softmax loss function gives a faster convergence and improved accuracy than GoogLeNet inception V4 network. (2) While WRN shows a good effect for identification of agricultural diseases, its effectiveness has a strong need on the number of training samples of dataset like at least 36 k images in our experiment. (3) The overall performance is better than 800 sheets. The disease identification results show that the WRN model can be applied to the identification of agricultural diseases.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1186/s13638-019-1613-z\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fd344a1063ee63f98ffef0227ddda04403677768\",\n \"result_position\": 51,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 13558574,\n \"title\": \"Detection and classification of rice plant diseases\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Intelligent Decision Technologies\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Harshad B. Prajapati\",\n \"Jitesh P. Shah\",\n \"Vipul K. Dabhi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Identification of diseases from the images of a plant is one of the interesting research areas in the agriculture field, for which machine learning concepts of computer field can be applied. This article presents a prototype system for detection and classification of rice diseases based on the images of infected rice plants. This prototype system is developed after detailed experimental analysis of various techniques used in image processing operations. We consider three rice plant diseases namely Bacterial leaf blight, Brown spot, and Leaf smut. We capture images of infected rice plants using a digital camera from a rice field. We empirically evaluate four techniques of background removal and three techniques of segmentation. To enable accurate extraction of features, we propose centroid feeding based K-means clustering for segmentation of disease portion from a leaf image. We enhance the output of K-means clustering by removing green pixels in the disease portion. We extract various features under three categories: color, shape, and texture. We use Support Vector Machine (SVM) for multi-class classification. We achieve 93.33% accuracy on training dataset and 73.33% accuracy on the test dataset. We also perform 5 and 10-fold cross-validations, for which we achieve 83.80% and 88.57% accuracy, respectively.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3233/IDT-170301\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1096029d936183d9e06f2d2bc295327e8d280583\",\n \"result_position\": 52,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 103675575,\n \"title\": \"Factors influencing the use of deep learning for plant disease recognition\",\n \"venue\": \"Biosystems Engineering\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Barbedo\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Deep learning is quickly becoming one of the most important tools for image classification. This technology is now beginning to be applied to the tasks of plant disease classification and recognition. The positive results that are being obtained using this approach hide some issues that are seldom taken into account in the respective experiments. This article presents an investigation into the main factors that affect the design and effectiveness of deep neural nets applied to plant pathology. An in-depth analysis of the subject, in which advantages and shortcomings are highlighted, should lead to more realistic conclusions on the subject. The arguments used throughout the text are built upon both studies found in the literature and experiments carried out using an image database carefully built to reflect and reproduce many of the conditions expected to be found in practice. This database, which contains almost 50,000 images, is being made freely available for academic purposes.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/J.BIOSYSTEMSENG.2018.05.013\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cfd9fadfeffd7b3dc71cfeed3a17d8df11ef9985\",\n \"result_position\": 53,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 224777973,\n \"title\": \"Comparative Study Of Deep Learning Algorithms For Disease And Pest Detection In Rice Crops\",\n \"venue\": \"European Conference on Artificial Intelligence\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"S. Burhan\",\n \"Sidra Minhas\",\n \"Amara Tariq\",\n \"M. Hassan\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Accurate and timely detection of rice crop diseases like Leaf Blast and Brown Spot, as well as pests like Hispa, can help minimize crop losses and increase the yield obtained. Since Pakistan is an agricultural country, such researches are imperative to its economic growth. This research is focused on a comparative study between the performances of five different Deep Learning Models i.e. Vgg16, Vgg19, ResNet50, ResNet50V2, and ResNet101V2 on both artificial data as well as on images collected from the rice fields in Gujranwala, Pakistan. The artificial data set has been classified into four classes Hispa, Healthy, Brown Spot, and Leaf Blast; whereas binary classification of Healthy Vs. Unhealthy has been performed on the data set collected from the fields. All images have been pre-processed by removing backgrounds and shadows before being passed through the models. On the artificial data set, the ResNet50 model performed the best with an accuracy of 75.0real data set, the ResNet101V2 was the best performing model with an accuracy of 86.799\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/ECAI50035.2020.9223239\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fa8657f81bafb4e1e7999a15b25d7d8548827d1e\",\n \"result_position\": 54,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 259226492,\n \"title\": \"MobileNet-CA-YOLO: An Improved YOLOv7 Based on the MobileNetV3 and Attention Mechanism for Rice Pests and Diseases Detection\",\n \"venue\": \"Agriculture\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Liangquan Jia\",\n \"Tao Wang\",\n \"Yi Chen\",\n \"Ying Zang\",\n \"Xiangge Li\",\n \"Haojie Shi\",\n \"Lu Gao\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The efficient identification of rice pests and diseases is crucial for preventing crop damage. To address the limitations of traditional manual detection methods and machine learning-based approaches, a new rice pest and disease recognition model based on an improved YOLOv7 algorithm has been developed. The model utilizes the lightweight network MobileNetV3 for feature extraction, reducing parameterization, and incorporates the coordinate attention mechanism (CA) and the SIoU loss function for enhanced accuracy. The model has been tested on a dataset of 3773 rice pest and disease images, achieving an accuracy of 92.3% and an mAP@.5 of 93.7%. The proposed MobileNet-CA-YOLO model is a high-performance and lightweight solution for rice pest and disease detection, providing accurate and timely results for farmers and researchers.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/agriculture13071285\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dde305e5142ab197dad97f935d2009c29bfc37e8\",\n \"result_position\": 55,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 251971593,\n \"title\": \"Deep Learning Utilization in Agriculture: Detection of Rice Plant Diseases Using an Improved CNN Model\",\n \"venue\": \"Plants\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ghazanfar Latif\",\n \"S. Abdelhamid\",\n \"R. Mallouhy\",\n \"Jaafar M. Alghazo\",\n \"Z. A. Kazimi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Rice is considered one the most important plants globally because it is a source of food for over half the world’s population. Like other plants, rice is susceptible to diseases that may affect the quantity and quality of produce. It sometimes results in anywhere between 20–40% crop loss production. Early detection of these diseases can positively affect the harvest, and thus farmers would have to be knowledgeable about the various disease and how to identify them visually. Even then, it is an impossible task for farmers to survey the vast farmlands on a daily basis. Even if this is possible, it becomes a costly task that will, in turn, increases the price of rice for consumers. Machine learning algorithms fitted to drone technology combined with the Internet of Things (IoT) can offer a solution to this problem. In this paper, we propose a Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) transfer learning-based approach for the accurate detection and classification of rice leaf disease. The modified proposed approach includes a modified VGG19-based transfer learning method. The proposed modified system can accurately detect and diagnose six distinct classes: healthy, narrow brown spot, leaf scald, leaf blast, brown spot, and bacterial leaf blight. The highest average accuracy is 96.08% using the non-normalized augmented dataset. The corresponding precision, recall, specificity, and F1-score were 0.9620, 0.9617, 0.9921, and 0.9616, respectively. The proposed modified approach achieved significantly better results compared with similar approaches using the same dataset or similar-size datasets reported in the extant literature.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/plants11172230\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/579fa54501cc69583b2d9636e2a7178177efa3a4\",\n \"result_position\": 56,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 270965842,\n \"title\": \"A High-Precision Identification Method for Maize Leaf Diseases and Pests Based on LFMNet under Complex Backgrounds\",\n \"venue\": \"Plants\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jintao Liu\",\n \"Chaoying He\",\n \"Yichu Jiang\",\n \"Mingfang Wang\",\n \"Ziqing Ye\",\n \"Mingfang He\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Maize, as one of the most important crops in the world, faces severe challenges from various diseases and pests. The timely and accurate identification of maize leaf diseases and pests is of great significance for ensuring agricultural production. Currently, the identification of maize leaf diseases and pests faces two key challenges: (1) In the actual process of identifying leaf diseases and pests, complex backgrounds can interfere with the identification effect. (2) The subtle features of diseases and pests are difficult to accurately extract. To address these challenges, this study proposes a maize leaf disease and pest identification model called LFMNet. Firstly, the localized multi-scale inverted residual convolutional block (LMSB) is proposed to perform preliminary down-sampling on the image, preserving important feature information for the subsequent extraction of fine disease and pest features in the model structure. Then, the feature localization bottleneck (FLB) is proposed to improve the model’s ability to focus on and locate disease and pest characteristics and to reduce interference from complex backgrounds. Subsequently, the multi-hop local-feature fusion architecture (MLFFA) is proposed, which effectively addresses the problem of extracting subtle features by enhancing the extraction and fusion of global and local disease and pest features in images. After training and testing on a dataset containing 19,451 images of maize leaf diseases and pests, the LFMNet model demonstrated excellent performance, with an average identification accuracy of 95.68%, a precision of 95.91%, a recall of 95.78%, and an F1 score of 95.83%. Compared to existing models, it exhibits significant advantages, offering robust technical support for the precise identification of maize diseases and pests.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/plants13131827\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c6de60336621c78adf5a9fc9d25fd83bbface0a0\",\n \"result_position\": 57,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 232023350,\n \"title\": \"Identification of rice plant diseases using lightweight attention networks\",\n \"venue\": \"Expert systems with applications\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Junde Chen\",\n \"Defu Zhang\",\n \"Adnan Zeb\",\n \"Y. A. Nanehkaran\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract Rice is one of the most important crops in the world, and most people consume rice as a staple food, especially in Asian countries. Various rice plant diseases have a negative effect on crop yields. If proper detection is not taken, they can spread and lead to a significant decline in agricultural productions. In severe cases, they may even cause no grain harvest entirely, thus having a devastating impact on food security. The deep learning-based CNN methods have become the standard methods to address most of the technical challenges related to image identification and classification. In this study, to enhance the learning capability for minute lesion features, we chose the MobileNet-V2 pre-trained on ImageNet as the backbone network and added the attention mechanism to learn the importance of inter-channel relationship and spatial points for input features. In the meantime, the loss function was optimized and the transfer learning was performed twice for model training. The proposed procedure presents a superior performance relative to other state-of-the-art methods. It achieves an average identification accuracy of 99.67% on the public dataset. Even under complicated backdrop conditions, the average accuracy reaches 98.48% for identifying rice plant diseases. Experimental findings demonstrate the validity of the proposed procedure, and it is accomplished efficiently for rice disease identification.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.eswa.2020.114514\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8431612d4419f383e87b8b1329814365cd2b6368\",\n \"result_position\": 58,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 276989025,\n \"title\": \"Rice leaf disease classification using a fusion vision approach\",\n \"venue\": \"Scientific Reports\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"B. Naresh Kumar\",\n \"S. Sakthivel\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Rice serves as a fundamental staple for a significant portion of the global population, playing an essential role in ensuring food security worldwide. However, the continuous threat of various diseases risks both yield and quality. Detecting these diseases at an early stage is very important for effective management of these risks. This research introduces a novel approach for rice disease detection using the fusion vision boosted classifier (FVBC), integrating VGG19 for feature extraction and LightGBM for classification. The meticulously curated dataset comprises 2627 rice leaf images, categorized into training, validation, and test sets for robust model evaluation. The FVBC model achieves impressive accuracies of 97.78% on the training set, 97.5% on the validation set, and 97.6% on the test set, demonstrating its efficacy in disease detection. The model’s performance compared with other classifiers, including Softmax, highlights its superiority. Hyperparameter tuning, such as learning rate and tree depth for LightGBM, was crucial for optimizing model performance. The proposed FVBC model offers a non-invasive, scalable solution for early disease detection, empowering farmers to implement timely interventions and enhance agricultural productivity.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s41598-025-87800-3\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/530c4c77500df8ec3449250735478f2c20c8d329\",\n \"result_position\": 59,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 236522454,\n \"title\": \"Computer Vision, IoT and Data Fusion for Crop Disease Detection Using Machine Learning: A Survey and Ongoing Research\",\n \"venue\": \"Remote Sensing\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Maryam Ouhami\",\n \"A. Hafiane\",\n \"Y. Es-saady\",\n \"M. Hajji\",\n \"R. Canals\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Crop diseases constitute a serious issue in agriculture, affecting both quality and quantity of agriculture production. Disease control has been a research object in many scientific and technologic domains. Technological advances in sensors, data storage, computing resources and artificial intelligence have shown enormous potential to control diseases effectively. A growing body of literature recognizes the importance of using data from different types of sensors and machine learning approaches to build models for detection, prediction, analysis, assessment, etc. However, the increasing number and diversity of research studies requires a literature review for further developments and contributions in this area. This paper reviews state-of-the-art machine learning methods that use different data sources, applied to plant disease detection. It lists traditional and deep learning methods associated with the main data acquisition modalities, namely IoT, ground imaging, unmanned aerial vehicle imaging and satellite imaging. In addition, this study examines the role of data fusion for ongoing research in the context of disease detection. It highlights the advantage of intelligent data fusion techniques, from heterogeneous data sources, to improve plant health status prediction and presents the main challenges facing this field. The study concludes with a discussion of several current issues and research trends.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/rs13132486\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/41876495f8cde3d18ee0d55bf2da6280f6d466ea\",\n \"result_position\": 60,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 277395655,\n \"title\": \"Identification of rice leaf disease based on DepMulti-Net\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Plant Science\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Kui Hu\",\n \"Xinying Zheng\",\n \"Xinyao Su\",\n \"Lei Wu\",\n \"Yongmin Liu\",\n \"Zhenhua Deng\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This research presents DepMulti-Net, a novel rice disease and pest identification model, designed to overcome the challenges of complex background interference, difficult disease feature extraction, and large model parameter volume in rice leaf disease identification. Initially, a comprehensive rice disease dataset comprising 20,000 images was meticulously constructed, covering four common types of rice diseases: bacterial leaf blight, rice blast, brown spot, and tungro disease. To enhance data diversity, various data augmentation techniques were applied. Subsequently, a novel VGG-block module was introduced. By leveraging depth-separable convolution, the model’s parameter quantity was significantly reduced. A multi-scale feature fusion module was also designed to effectively enhance the model’s ability to extract disease features from complex backgrounds. Moreover, the integration of the feature reuse mechanism and inverse bottleneck structure further improved the model’s recognition accuracy for fine-grained disease features. Experimental results show that the DepMulti-Net model has only 13.50M parameters and achieves an average accuracy of 98.56% in identifying the four types of rice diseases. This performance significantly outperforms existing rice leaf disease identification methods. In conclusion, this study offers an efficient and lightweight solution for crop disease identification, which holds great significance for promoting the development of smart agriculture.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fpls.2025.1522487\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5a3ade0ec6b09c1ae78bff72605c9a14ab7b0904\",\n \"result_position\": 61,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 210881652,\n \"title\": \"A Recognition Method for Rice Plant Diseases and Pests Video Detection Based on Deep Convolutional Neural Network\",\n \"venue\": \"Italian National Conference on Sensors\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Dengshan Li\",\n \"Rujing Wang\",\n \"Chengjun Xie\",\n \"Liu Liu\",\n \"Jie Zhang\",\n \"Rui Li\",\n \"Fangyuan Wang\",\n \"Man Zhou\",\n \"Wancai Liu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Increasing grain production is essential to those areas where food is scarce. Increasing grain production by controlling crop diseases and pests in time should be effective. To construct video detection system for plant diseases and pests, and to build a real-time crop diseases and pests video detection system in the future, a deep learning-based video detection architecture with a custom backbone was proposed for detecting plant diseases and pests in videos. We first transformed the video into still frame, then sent the frame to the still-image detector for detection, and finally synthesized the frames into video. In the still-image detector, we used faster-RCNN as the framework. We used image-training models to detect relatively blurry videos. Additionally, a set of video-based evaluation metrics based on a machine learning classifier was proposed, which reflected the quality of video detection effectively in the experiments. Experiments showed that our system with the custom backbone was more suitable for detection of the untrained rice videos than VGG16, ResNet-50, ResNet-101 backbone system and YOLOv3 with our experimental environment.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/s20030578\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/04ea2101b0db7f43b0bf805a5161dc79d87c7f2d\",\n \"result_position\": 62,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 54444816,\n \"title\": \"Identification and recognition of rice diseases and pests using convolutional neural networks\",\n \"venue\": \"Biosystems Engineering\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"C. R. Rahman\",\n \"P. S. Arko\",\n \"Mohammed Eunus Ali\",\n \"M. A. Iqbal Khan\",\n \"S. H. Apon\",\n \"F. Nowrin\",\n \"Abu Wasif\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract Accurate and timely detection of diseases and pests in rice plants can help farmers in applying timely treatment on the plants and thereby can reduce the economic losses substantially. Recent developments in deep learning-based convolutional neural networks (CNN) have greatly improved image classification accuracy. Being motivated by the success of CNNs in image classification, deep learning-based approaches have been developed in this paper for detecting diseases and pests from rice plant images. The contribution of this paper is two fold: (i) State-of-the-art large scale architectures such as VGG16 and InceptionV3 have been adopted and fine tuned for detecting and recognising rice diseases and pests. Experimental results show the effectiveness of these models with real datasets. (ii) Since large scale architectures are not suitable for mobile devices, a two-stage small CNN architecture has been proposed, and compared with the state-of-the-art memory efficient CNN architectures such as MobileNet, NasNet Mobile and SqueezeNet. Experimental results show that the proposed architecture can achieve the desired accuracy of 93.3% with a significantly reduced model size (e.g., 99% smaller than VGG16).\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2020.03.020\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/639f6409cda9aa97edaa1536a6fb8e12467f4255\",\n \"result_position\": 63,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 245681472,\n \"title\": \"Towards densely clustered tiny pest detection in the wild environment\",\n \"venue\": \"Neurocomputing\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jianming Du\",\n \"Liu Liu\",\n \"Rui Li\",\n \"Lin Jiao\",\n \"Chengjun Xie\",\n \"Rujing Wang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.neucom.2021.12.012\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a1223864976ef8f1fed683ffb6d3fb58444c4730\",\n \"result_position\": 64,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 248677945,\n \"title\": \"Foliar Diseases and the Associated Fungi in Rice Cultivated in Kenya\",\n \"venue\": \"Plants\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Everlyne M. Nganga\",\n \"M. Kyallo\",\n \"Philemon Orwa\",\n \"F. Rotich\",\n \"E. Gichuhi\",\n \"J. Kimani\",\n \"D. Mwongera\",\n \"Bernice Waweru\",\n \"P. Sikuku\",\n \"D. Musyimi\",\n \"Samuel Mutiga\",\n \"Cathrine Ziyomo\",\n \"R. Murori\",\n \"L. Wasilwa\",\n \"J. Correll\",\n \"N. Talbot\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"We conducted a survey to assess the occurrence and severity of rice blast and brown spot diseases on popular cultivars grown in the Busia, Kirinyaga, and Kisumu counties of Kenya in 2019. Working with agricultural extension workers within rice production areas, we interviewed farmers (n = 89) regarding their preferred cultivars and their awareness of blast disease, as this was the major focus of our research. We scored the symptoms of blast and brown spot and assessed the lodging, plant height, and maturity of the crops (days after planting). Furthermore, we collected leaf and neck tissues for the assessment of the prevailing fungal populations. We used specific DNA primers to screen for the prevalence of the causal pathogens of blast, Magnaporthe oryzae, and brown spot, Cochliobolus miyabeanus, on asymptomatic and symptomatic leaf samples. We also conducted fungal isolations and PCR-sequencing to identify the fungal species in these tissues. Busia and Kisumu had a higher diversity of cultivars compared to Kirinyaga. The aromatic Pishori (NIBAM 11) was preferred and widely grown for commercial purposes in Kirinyaga, where 86% of Kenyan rice is produced. NIBAM108 (IR2793-80-1) and BW196 (NIBAM 109) were moderately resistant to blast, while NIBAM110 (ITA310) and Vietnam were susceptible. All the cultivars were susceptible to brown spot except for KEH10005 (Arize Tej Gold), a commercial hybrid cultivar. We also identified diverse pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi, with a high incidence of Nigrospora oryzae, in the rice fields of Kirinyaga. There was a marginal correlation between disease severity/incidence and the occurrence of causal pathogens. This study provides evidence of the need to strengthen pathogen surveillance through retraining agricultural extension agents and to breed for blast and brown spot resistance in popular rice cultivars in Kenya.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/plants11091264\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7ed44dae7c223d533778869df554f835f6a73615\",\n \"result_position\": 65,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 236748701,\n \"title\": \"The Impact of Rice Diseases in Tropical Asia\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"N. Castilla\",\n \"J. B. Macasero\",\n \"J. Villa\",\n \"A. Sparks\",\n \"L. Willocquet\",\n \"S. Savary\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/978-3-030-57899-2_6\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/42a8ae42c3797e29e384eae0d7f0dec7df6bc86f\",\n \"result_position\": 66,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 226192341,\n \"title\": \"The role of passive surveillance and citizen science in plant health\",\n \"venue\": \"CABI Agriculture and Bioscience\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"N. Brown\",\n \"A. Pérez-Sierra\",\n \"P. Crow\",\n \"S. Parnell\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The early detection of plant pests and diseases is vital to the success of any eradication or control programme, but the resources for surveillance are often limited. Plant health authorities can however make use of observations from individuals and stakeholder groups who are monitoring for signs of ill health. Volunteered data is most often discussed in relation to citizen science groups, however these groups are only part of a wider network of professional agents, land-users and owners who can all contribute to significantly increase surveillance efforts through “passive surveillance”. These ad-hoc reports represent chance observations by individuals who may not necessarily be looking for signs of pests and diseases when they are discovered. Passive surveillance contributes vital observations in support of national and international surveillance programs, detecting potentially unknown issues in the wider landscape, beyond points of entry and the plant trade. This review sets out to describe various forms of passive surveillance, identify analytical methods that can be applied to these “messy” unstructured data, and indicate how new programs can be established and maintained. Case studies discuss two tree health projects from Great Britain (TreeAlert and Observatree) to illustrate the challenges and successes of existing passive surveillance programmes. When analysing passive surveillance reports it is important to understand the observers’ probability to detect and report each plant health issue, which will vary depending on how distinctive the symptoms are and the experience of the observer. It is also vital to assess how representative the reports are and whether they occur more frequently in certain locations. Methods are increasingly available to predict species distributions from large datasets, but more work is needed to understand how these apply to rare events such as new introductions. One solution for general surveillance is to develop and maintain a network of tree health volunteers, but this requires a large investment in training, feedback and engagement to maintain motivation. There are already many working examples of passive surveillance programmes and the suite of options to interpret the resulting datasets is growing rapidly.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1186/s43170-020-00016-5\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/91e1afa813bfa61fe5768aa991a63359e5bfeeee\",\n \"result_position\": 67,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 220544206,\n \"title\": \"Differential loss of effector genes in three recently expanded pandemic clonal lineages of the rice blast fungus\",\n \"venue\": \"BMC Biology\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Sergio M. Latorre\",\n \"C. S. Reyes-Avila\",\n \"Angus Malmgren\",\n \"J. Win\",\n \"S. Kamoun\",\n \"Hernán A. Burbano\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Background Understanding the mechanisms and timescales of plant pathogen outbreaks requires a detailed genome-scale analysis of their population history. The fungus Magnaporthe (Syn. Pyricularia ) oryzae —the causal agent of blast disease of cereals— is among the most destructive plant pathogens to world agriculture and a major threat to the production of rice, wheat, and other cereals. Although M. oryzae is a multihost pathogen that infects more than 50 species of cereals and grasses, all rice-infecting isolates belong to a single genetically defined lineage. Here, we combined the two largest genomic datasets to reconstruct the genetic history of the rice-infecting lineage of M. oryzae based on 131 isolates from 21 countries. Results The global population of the rice blast fungus consists mainly of three well-defined genetic groups and a diverse set of individuals. Multiple population genetic tests revealed that the rice-infecting lineage of the blast fungus probably originated from a recombining diverse group in Southeast Asia followed by three independent clonal expansions that took place over the last ~ 200 years. Patterns of allele sharing identified a subpopulation from the recombining diverse group that introgressed with one of the clonal lineages before its global expansion. Remarkably, the four genetic lineages of the rice blast fungus vary in the number and patterns of presence and absence of candidate effector genes. These genes encode secreted proteins that modulate plant defense and allow pathogen colonization. In particular, clonal lineages carry a reduced repertoire of effector genes compared with the diverse group, and specific combinations of presence and absence of effector genes define each of the pandemic clonal lineages. Conclusions Our analyses reconstruct the genetic history of the rice-infecting lineage of M. oryzae revealing three clonal lineages associated with rice blast pandemics. Each of these lineages displays a specific pattern of presence and absence of effector genes that may have shaped their adaptation to the rice host and their evolutionary history.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1186/s12915-020-00818-z\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/53251e947cf3bb54ed7cba509e2301de7cf8a208\",\n \"result_position\": 68,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 216036259,\n \"title\": \"Rice grain disease identification using dual phase convolutional neural network-based system aimed at small dataset\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Tashin Ahmed\",\n \"C. R. Rahman\",\n \"Md. Faysal Mahmud Abid\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract\\n Although Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are widely used for plant disease detection, they require a large number of training samples while dealing with wide variety of heterogeneous background. In this paper, a CNN based dual phase method has been proposed which can work effectively on small rice grain disease dataset with heterogeneity. At the first phase, Faster RCNN method is applied for cropping out the significant portion (rice grain) from an image. This initial phase results in a secondary dataset of rice grains devoid of heterogeneous background. Disease classification is performed on such derived and simplified samples using CNN architecture. Comparison of the dual phase approach with straight forward application of CNN on the small grain dataset shows the effectiveness of the proposed method which provides a 5 fold cross validation accuracy of 88.92%.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.31220/agrirxiv.2021.00062\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1e0f90f00f98323e38b2866b361c123e2949bad5\",\n \"result_position\": 69,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 255828567,\n \"title\": \"Differential loss of effector genes in three recently expanded pandemic clonal lineages of the rice blast fungus\",\n \"venue\": \"BMC Biology\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Sergio M. Latorre\",\n \"C. S. Reyes-Avila\",\n \"Angus Malmgren\",\n \"J. Win\",\n \"S. Kamoun\",\n \"H. Burbano\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Understanding the mechanisms and timescales of plant pathogen outbreaks requires a detailed genome-scale analysis of their population history. The fungus Magnaporthe (Syn. Pyricularia) oryzae—the causal agent of blast disease of cereals— is among the most destructive plant pathogens to world agriculture and a major threat to the production of rice, wheat, and other cereals. Although M. oryzae is a multihost pathogen that infects more than 50 species of cereals and grasses, all rice-infecting isolates belong to a single genetically defined lineage. Here, we combined the two largest genomic datasets to reconstruct the genetic history of the rice-infecting lineage of M. oryzae based on 131 isolates from 21 countries. The global population of the rice blast fungus consists mainly of three well-defined genetic groups and a diverse set of individuals. Multiple population genetic tests revealed that the rice-infecting lineage of the blast fungus probably originated from a recombining diverse group in Southeast Asia followed by three independent clonal expansions that took place over the last ~ 200 years. Patterns of allele sharing identified a subpopulation from the recombining diverse group that introgressed with one of the clonal lineages before its global expansion. Remarkably, the four genetic lineages of the rice blast fungus vary in the number and patterns of presence and absence of candidate effector genes. These genes encode secreted proteins that modulate plant defense and allow pathogen colonization. In particular, clonal lineages carry a reduced repertoire of effector genes compared with the diverse group, and specific combinations of presence and absence of effector genes define each of the pandemic clonal lineages. Our analyses reconstruct the genetic history of the rice-infecting lineage of M. oryzae revealing three clonal lineages associated with rice blast pandemics. Each of these lineages displays a specific pattern of presence and absence of effector genes that may have shaped their adaptation to the rice host and their evolutionary history.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1186/s12915-020-00818-z\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/40392ebc3252d18a76a6e78f1b4c367be55f45fc\",\n \"result_position\": 70,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 210509816,\n \"title\": \"A Deep Learning Approach for the Classification of Rice Leaf Diseases\",\n \"venue\": \"Doctoral Symposium on Intelligence Enabled Research\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Shreyasi Bhattacharya\",\n \"A. Mukherjee\",\n \"S. Phadikar\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/978-981-15-2021-1_8\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fa2e82b43bf3c056cadb225224e2a7eef17b113f\",\n \"result_position\": 71,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 46781358,\n \"title\": \"Deep learning models for plant disease detection and diagnosis\",\n \"venue\": \"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"K. P. Ferentinos\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.compag.2018.01.009\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3f611458b84ca8756c863916b33d12c704687127\",\n \"result_position\": 72,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 52071694,\n \"title\": \"Multi-level learning features for automatic classification of field crop pests\",\n \"venue\": \"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Chengjun Xie\",\n \"Rujing Wang\",\n \"Jie Zhang\",\n \"Peng Chen\",\n \"Wei Dong\",\n \"Rui Li\",\n \"Tianjiao Chen\",\n \"Hongbo Chen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract The classification of pest species in field crops, such as corn, soybeans, wheat, and canola, is still challenging because of the tiny appearance differences among pest species. In all cases, the appearances of pest species in different poses, scales or rotations make the classification more difficult. Currently, most of the classification methods relied on hand-crafted features, such as the scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) and the histogram of oriented gradients (HOG). In this work, the features of pest images are learned from a large amount of unlabeled image patches using unsupervised feature learning methods, while the features of the image patches are obtained by the alignment-pooling of low-level features (sparse coding), which are encoded based on a predefined dictionary. To address the misalignment issue of patch-level features, the filters in multiple scales are utilized by being coupled with several pooling granularities. The filtered patch-level features are then embedded into a multi-level classification framework. The experimental results on 40 common pest species in field crops showed that our classification model with the multi-level learning features outperforms the state-of-the-art methods of pest classification. Furthermore, some models of dictionary learning are evaluated in the proposed classification framework of pest species, and the impact of dictionary sizes and patch sizes are also discussed in the work.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/J.COMPAG.2018.07.014\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fc7178fe13e956a79262d2c79694386d02546fa9\",\n \"result_position\": 73,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 49538430,\n \"title\": \"A review on: Various techniques of plant leaf disease detection\",\n \"venue\": \"International Conference on Information Security and Cryptology\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jaskaran Singh\",\n \"H. Kaur\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/ICISC.2018.8399069\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ccebc2b19100d1a6c326ae0455f4aafd7fd57676\",\n \"result_position\": 74,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":61,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"Chemical synthesis routes of L-glyceraldehyde, such as the oxidation of glucose or glycerol, can yield L-glyceraldehyde; however, they often suffer from low stereoselectivity, side reactions, and extensive purification steps due to the use of protecting groups, toxic reagents, and organic solvents"},"query_timestamp":{"kind":"string","value":"2025-05-01T08:31:31.575673+00:00"},"thread_id":{"kind":"string","value":"1f7247662e716ac35a85f51295071e5158c7bf9b2935c0688ac4fe2a74140ccd"},"num_shown":{"kind":"number","value":14,"string":"14"},"num_clicked":{"kind":"number","value":0,"string":"0"},"has_clicks":{"kind":"bool","value":false,"string":"false"},"shown_papers":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"corpus_id":210861954,"title":"One-Pot Multienzyme Synthesis of Rare Ketoses from Glycerol.","venue":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","year":2020,"authors":["Zijie Li","Fen Li","Li Cai","Zhou Chen","L. Qin","Xiao-Dong Gao"],"abstract":"A facile approach is introduced here for the synthesis of rare ketoses from glycerol and d-/l-glyceraldehyde (d-/l-GA). The reactions were carried out in a one-pot multienzyme fashion in which the only carbon source is glycerol. In the enzymatic cascade, glycerol is phosphorylated and then oxidized at C2 to afford dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), the key donor for enzymatic aldol reaction. Meanwhile, the primary alcohol of glycerol is also oxidized to give the acceptor molecule GA in situ (d- or l-isomer could be formed stereospecifically with either alditol oxidase or horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase). Different DHAP-dependent aldolases were used to generate the aldol adducts (rare ketohexose phosphates) with various stereoconfigurations and diastereomeric ratios. It is worth noting that the enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation reaction in the first step could also help recycle the phosphate in the last step to provide free rare sugar molecules. This study provides a useful method for rare ketose synthesis on a 100 mg to g scale, starting from relatively inexpensive materials which solved the problem of supplying both glycerol 3-phosphate and GA in our previous work. It also demonstrates an example of green synthesis due to highly efficient carbon usage and recycling of cofactors.","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06748","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/680c1eb58c105b35c700f62968366f052d68575b","result_position":0,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":231983207,"title":"The Role of Glycerol and Its Derivatives in the Biochemistry of Living Organisms, and Their Prebiotic Origin and Significance in the Evolution of Life","venue":"","year":2021,"authors":["Maheen Gull","M. Pasek"],"abstract":"The emergence and evolution of prebiotic biomolecules on the early Earth remain a question that is considered crucial to understanding the chemistry of the origin of life. Amongst prebiotic molecules, glycerol is significant due to its ubiquity in biochemistry. In this review, we discuss the significance of glycerol and its various derivatives in biochemistry, their plausible roles in the origin and evolution of early cell membranes, and significance in the biochemistry of extremophiles, followed by their prebiotic origin on the early Earth and associated catalytic processes that led to the origin of these compounds. We also discuss various scenarios for the prebiotic syntheses of glycerol and its derivates and evaluate these to determine their relevance to early Earth biochemistry and geochemistry, and recapitulate the utilization of various minerals (including clays), condensation agents, and solvents that could have led to the successful prebiotic genesis of these biomolecules. Furthermore, important prebiotic events such as meteoritic delivery and prebiotic synthesis reactions under astrophysical conditions are also discussed. Finally, we have also highlighted some novel features of glycerol, including glycerol nucleic acid (GNA), in the origin and evolution of the life.","doi":"10.3390/CATAL11010086","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/09961bc50b3674050cc454829815fe26b6c07916","result_position":1,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":228971763,"title":"Recent Advances in Enzymatic and Chemoenzymatic Cascade Processes","venue":"Catalysts","year":2020,"authors":["Noelia Losada‐Garcia","Z. Cabrera","Paulina Urrutia","Carla Garcia-Sanz","Alicia Andreu","J. Palomo"],"abstract":"Cascade reactions have been described as efficient and universal tools, and are of substantial interest in synthetic organic chemistry. This review article provides an overview of the novel and recent achievements in enzyme cascade processes catalyzed by multi-enzymatic or chemoenzymatic systems. The examples here selected collect the advances related to the application of the sequential use of enzymes in natural or genetically modified combination; second, the important combination of enzymes and metal complex systems, and finally we described the application of biocatalytic biohybrid systems on in situ catalytic solid-phase as a novel strategy. Examples of efficient and interesting enzymatic catalytic cascade processes in organic chemistry, in the production of important industrial products, such as the designing of novel biosensors or bio-chemocatalytic systems for medicinal chemistry application, are discussed","doi":"10.3390/catal10111258","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/94fff74ca55367b6f9f8015b13d33c13d81d1bac","result_position":2,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":252149871,"title":"Structurally Informed Mutagenesis of a Stereochemically Promiscuous Aldolase Produces Mutants That Catalyze the Diastereoselective Syntheses of All Four Stereoisomers of 3-Deoxy-hexulosonic Acid","venue":"ACS Catalysis","year":2022,"authors":["S. Royer","Xuan Gao","Robin R. Groleau","Marc W. van der Kamp","S. Bull","M. Danson","S. Crennell"],"abstract":"A 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate aldolase from the hyperthermophile Sulfolobus solfataricus catalyzes the nonstereoselective aldol reaction of pyruvate and d-glyceraldehyde to produce 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate (d-KDGlc) and 2-keto-3-deoxy-d-galactonate (d-KDGal). Previous investigations into curing the stereochemical promiscuity of this hyperstable aldolase used high-resolution structures of the aldolase bound to d-KDGlc or d-KDGal to identify critical amino acids involved in substrate binding for mutation. This structure-guided approach enabled mutant variants to be created that could stereoselectively catalyze the aldol reaction of pyruvate and natural d-glyceraldehyde to selectively afford d-KDGlc or d-KDGal. Here we describe the creation of two further mutants of this Sulfolobus aldolase that can be used to catalyze aldol reactions between pyruvate and non-natural l-glyceraldehyde to enable the diastereoselective synthesis of l-KDGlc and l-KDGal. High-resolution crystal structures of all four variant aldolases have been determined (both unliganded and liganded), including Variant 1 with d-KDGlc, Variant 2 with pyruvate, Variant 3 with l-KDGlc, and Variant 4 with l-KDGal. These structures have enabled us to rationalize the observed changes in diastereoselectivities in these variant-catalyzed aldol reactions at a molecular level. Interestingly, the active site of Variant 4 was found to be sufficiently flexible to enable catalytically important amino acids to be replaced while still retaining sufficient enzymic activity to enable production of l-KDGal.","doi":"10.1021/acscatal.2c03285","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8f7be5f46dfb16940cc6d5ae4fc0d53728674086","result_position":3,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":234064529,"title":"Production of Ethylene Glycol from Glycerol Using an In Vitro Enzymatic Cascade","venue":"Catalysts","year":2021,"authors":["Kai Li","Weikang Sun","Wensi Meng","Jinxin Yan","Yipeng Zhang","Shiting Guo","Chuanjuan Lü","Cuiqing Ma","Chao Gao"],"abstract":"Glycerol is a readily available and inexpensive substance that is mostly generated during biofuel production processes. In order to ensure the viability of the biofuel industry, it is essential to develop complementing technologies for the resource utilization of glycerol. Ethylene glycol is a two-carbon organic chemical with multiple applications and a huge market. In this study, an artificial enzymatic cascade comprised alditol oxidase, catalase, glyoxylate/hydroxypyruvate reductase, pyruvate decarboxylase and lactaldehyde:propanediol oxidoreductase was developed for the production of ethylene glycol from glycerol. The reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) generated during the dehydrogenation of the glycerol oxidation product d-glycerate can be as the reductant to support the ethylene glycol production. Using this in vitro synthetic system with self-sufficient NADH recycling, 7.64 ± 0.15 mM ethylene glycol was produced from 10 mM glycerol in 10 h, with a high yield of 0.515 ± 0.1 g/g. The in vitro enzymatic cascade is not only a promising alternative for the generation of ethylene glycol but also a successful example of the value-added utilization of glycerol.","doi":"10.3390/CATAL11020214","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0c9eb9070cb509aedbb2a3e80dbde01797e7094b","result_position":4,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":98906044,"title":"Electro-generated MnO_2 in Supersonic Wave Bath and Its Application in Preparation of Glyceraldehyde","venue":"Journal of Electrochemistry","year":2007,"authors":["Chen Zhen"],"abstract":"Glyceraldehyde is prepared by using MnO2/ Mn2+as the media in a cationic membrane electrolytic cell.Under ultrasonic high-frequency oscillation,the electro-generated nanometer MnO2 dispersed in the solution with several tens nm till several micron.Then the MnO2 is used for selective oxidation of glycerine to glyceraldehydes.The catalyzing selectivity of MnO2/ Mn2+is high and the current efficiency may account to 97.4 %.","doi":"10.61558/2993-074x.1831","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2cccff59a86856704ff8f1635dbde8418c3a52fc","result_position":5,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":16011950,"title":"Biosynthesis of rare hexoses using microorganisms and related enzymes","venue":"Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry","year":2013,"authors":["Zijie Li","Yahui Gao","H. Nakanishi","Xiao-Dong Gao","Li Cai"],"abstract":"Rare sugars, referred to as monosaccharides and their derivatives that rarely exist in nature, can be applied in many areas ranging from foodstuffs to pharmaceutical and nutrition industry, or as starting materials for various natural products and drug candidates. Unfortunately, an important factor restricting the utilization of rare sugars is their limited availability, resulting from limited synthetic methods. Nowadays, microbial and enzymatic transformations have become a very powerful tool in this field. This article reviews the biosynthesis and enzymatic production of rare ketohexoses, aldohexoses and sugar alcohols (hexitols), including D-tagatose, D-psicose, D-sorbose, L-tagatose, L-fructose, 1-deoxy-L-fructose, D-allose, L-glucose, L-talose, D-gulose, L-galactose, L-fucose, allitol, D-talitol, and L-sorbitol. New systems and robust catalysts resulting from advancements in genomics and bioengineering are also discussed.","doi":"10.3762/bjoc.9.281","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f710554ba1c0ec49d21578fe7d26eeb958887498","result_position":6,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":24254696,"title":"Sugar analog synthesis by in vitro biocatalytic cascade: A comparison of alternative enzyme complements for dihydroxyacetone phosphate production as a precursor to rare chiral sugar synthesis","venue":"PLoS ONE","year":2017,"authors":["C. Hartley","Nigel G. French","J. Scoble","Charlotte C. Williams","Quentin I. Churches","Andrew R. Frazer","Matthew C. Taylor","G. Coia","Greg Simpson","N. Turner","C. Scott"],"abstract":"Carbon-carbon bond formation is one of the most challenging reactions in synthetic organic chemistry, and aldol reactions catalysed by dihydroxyacetone phosphate-dependent aldolases provide a powerful biocatalytic tool for combining C-C bond formation with the generation of two new stereo-centres, with access to all four possible stereoisomers of a compound. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is unstable so the provision of DHAP for DHAP-dependent aldolases in biocatalytic processes remains complicated. Our research has investigated the efficiency of several different enzymatic cascades for the conversion of glycerol to DHAP, including characterising new candidate enzymes for some of the reaction steps. The most efficient cascade for DHAP production, comprising a one-pot four-enzyme reaction with glycerol kinase, acetate kinase, glycerophosphate oxidase and catalase, was coupled with a DHAP-dependent fructose-1,6-biphosphate aldolase enzyme to demonstrate the production of several rare chiral sugars. The limitation of batch biocatalysis for these reactions and the potential for improvement using kinetic modelling and flow biocatalysis systems is discussed.","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0184183","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8a485013c59c45fe0f007ae82286ad1e38b1e75b","result_position":7,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":267284162,"title":"Fenton oxidation of glycerin: A sustainable approach for byproduct treatment","venue":"Journal Chemical Research","year":2024,"authors":["K. Zoltán"],"abstract":"This article explores the application of Fenton oxidation as a sustainable and efficient method for the treatment of glycerol, a major byproduct in biodiesel production. Glycerol, rich in impurities, poses environmental challenges if not properly managed. The research aims to contribute to the understanding of Fenton oxidation mechanisms specific to glycerol transformation into dl-glyceraldehyde and to highlight its potential as a sustainable solution. Glycerol, a trihydroxy sugar alcohol, is a versatile compound derived primarily from the hydrolysis of triglycerides and has found applications in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food production. One intriguing aspect of glycerol is its potential conversion to dl-glyceraldehyde, a key intermediate with significant importance in various biological processes. Employing Fenton oxidation emerges as beneficial approach in glycerol processing, considering the tenets of environmental sustainability.","doi":"10.1177/17475198231226386","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2772bc037003d80be50a0c67de6d94470a37a9ce","result_position":8,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":13840846,"title":"Oxidation of Glycerol with Unactivated Electroless CuNiMoP Catalyst","venue":"","year":2017,"authors":["J. Sankar","E. N. Onyeozili","E. Kalu"],"abstract":"Unannealed CuNiMoP electrocatalyst was found active in electrochemical oxidation of glycerol, providing over 60% conversion without optimization. Prompted by this result, the same catalyst was investigated for the thermochemical oxidation of glycerol. For the thermochemical oxidation of glycerol using the as-deposited electroless CuNiMoP catalyst, a 23 full factorial design of experiments (two level factorial experiment design with three factors) to assess the influence of temperature (A), reaction time (B) and pressure (C). The major reaction products detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were glyceric, hydroxypyruvic, tartronic, oxalic and formic acids. The factors found to be most significant for the production of glyceric and tartronic acids were A, B, C, AB and BC. The highest percent conversion obtained for 30-min and 60-min catalysts was 10.6% and 9.4%, respectively. The presence of lactic acid was observed only for the 60-min as-deposited electroless CuNiMoP/Al2O3 catalyst. The results suggest the feasibility of an inexpensive catalyst based on non-noble metals for the thermochemical oxidation of glycerol through the electroless deposition technique. Some differences exist between the thermochemical and electrochemical product selectivity of the CuNiMoP catalyst, and reasons are suggested for the observed differences.","doi":"10.3390/CHEMENGINEERING1020011","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/611a02b637219de81bd4c9779c8d874cadcbdd57","result_position":9,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":56040644,"title":"Selective Oxidation of Glycerol Using 3% H2O2 Catalyzed by Supported Nano-Au Catalysts","venue":"Catalysts","year":2018,"authors":["Xiaoli Wang","Gongde Wu","Tong Jin","Jie Xu","Shihao Song"],"abstract":"A series of transition metal oxides or mixed oxides supported nano-Au catalysts were prepared for the selective oxidation of glycerol to glyceric acid using 3% H2O2. It was found that the composition and structure of supports significantly influenced the catalytic performance of catalysts. The mesoporous trimetal mixed oxide (CuNiAlO) supported nano-Au catalysts were more active in comparison with the others. In the present catalytic system, the highest glycerol conversion was 90.5%, while the selectivity of glyceric acid could reach 72%. Moreover, the catalytic performance remained after 11 times of reaction.","doi":"10.3390/CATAL8110505","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/02c040aade290b405240acd8e1fbd8fcb140748d","result_position":10,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":221569789,"title":"Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of the New 3-((2,3-Diacetoxypropanoyl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl Diacetate Using Immobilized Lipase B from Candida antarctica and Pyridinium Chlorochromate as an Oxidizing Agent","venue":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","year":2020,"authors":["Esteban Plata","Mónica Ruiz","Jennifer Ruiz","C. Ortiz","J. Castillo","R. Fernández-Lafuente"],"abstract":"To exploit the hydrolytic activity and high selectivity of immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica on octyl agarose (CALB-OC) in the hydrolysis of triacetin and also to produce new value-added compounds from glycerol, this work describes a chemoenzymatic methodology for the synthesis of the new dimeric glycerol ester 3-((2,3-diacetoxypropanoyl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl diacetate. According to this approach, triacetin was regioselectively hydrolyzed to 1,2-diacetin with CALB-OC. The diglyceride product was subsequently oxidized with pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC) and a dimeric ester was isolated as the only product. It was found that the medium acidity during the PCC treatment and a high 1,2-diacetin concentration favored the formation of the ester. The synthesized compounds were characterized using IR, MS, HR-MS, and NMR techniques. The obtained dimeric ester was evaluated at 100 ppm against seven bacterial strains and two Candida species to identify its antimicrobial activity. The compound has no inhibitory activity against the bacterial strains used but decreased C. albicans and C. parapsilosis growth by 49% and 68%, respectively. Hemolytic activity was evaluated, and the results obtained support the use of the dimeric ester to control C. albicans and C. parapsilosis growth in non-intravenous applications because the compound shows hemolytic activity.","doi":"10.3390/ijms21186501","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b5ed4373b36c93935be3fc33d5bf78bb6a162f7c","result_position":11,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":251712211,"title":"Combined dehydrogenation of glycerol with catalytic transfer hydrogenation of H2 acceptors to chemicals: Opportunities and challenges","venue":"Frontiers in Chemistry","year":2022,"authors":["Guangyu Zhang","Jian Zhao","Xin Jin","Yanan Qian","Mingchuan Zhou","Xuewu Jia","Fengyan Sun","Jie Jiang","Wei Xu","Bing Sun"],"abstract":"Catalytic transformation of low-cost glycerol to value-added lactic acid (LA) is considered as one of the most promising technologies for the upgradation of glycerol into renewable products. Currently, research studies reveal that anaerobic transformation of glycerol to LA could also obtain green H2 with the same yield of LA. However, the combined value-added utilization of released H2 with high selectivity of LA during glycerol conversion under mild conditions still remains a grand challenge. In this perspective, for the first time, we conducted a comprehensive and critical discussion on current strategies for combined one-pot/tandem dehydrogenation of glycerol to LA with catalytic transfer hydrogenation of H2 acceptors (such as CO2) to other chemicals. The aim of this overview was to provide a general guidance on the atomic economic reaction pathway for upgrading low-cost glycerol and CO2 to LA as well as other chemicals.","doi":"10.3389/fchem.2022.962579","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4f586414a7bd15f69aeb777fd9a47c00bc21c6ae","result_position":12,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":252655948,"title":"Recovery and utilization of crude glycerol, a biodiesel byproduct","venue":"RSC Advances","year":2022,"authors":["Yujia Liu","Biqi Zhong","A. Lawal"],"abstract":"Biodiesel production has increased significantly in the past decade because it has been demonstrated to be a viable alternative and renewable fuel. Consequently, the production of crude glycerol, the main byproduct of the transesterification of lipids to biodiesel, has risen as well. Therefore, the effective recovery and utilization of crude glycerol can provide biodiesel with additional value. In this review, we first summarized the state-of-the-art progress on crude glycerol recovery and purification. Subsequently, numerous approaches have been reviewed for the utilization of crude glycerol, including use as animal feeds, for combustion, anaerobic fermentation, and chemical conversion. Finally, an extensive discussion and outlook is presented in relation to the techniques and processes in the chemical conversion of crude glycerol.","doi":"10.1039/d2ra05090k","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/94bc27aa049c40be8a58c71d5b7977a6ffeed5bc","result_position":13,"is_clicked":false}],"string":"[\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 210861954,\n \"title\": \"One-Pot Multienzyme Synthesis of Rare Ketoses from Glycerol.\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Zijie Li\",\n \"Fen Li\",\n \"Li Cai\",\n \"Zhou Chen\",\n \"L. Qin\",\n \"Xiao-Dong Gao\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"A facile approach is introduced here for the synthesis of rare ketoses from glycerol and d-/l-glyceraldehyde (d-/l-GA). The reactions were carried out in a one-pot multienzyme fashion in which the only carbon source is glycerol. In the enzymatic cascade, glycerol is phosphorylated and then oxidized at C2 to afford dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), the key donor for enzymatic aldol reaction. Meanwhile, the primary alcohol of glycerol is also oxidized to give the acceptor molecule GA in situ (d- or l-isomer could be formed stereospecifically with either alditol oxidase or horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase). Different DHAP-dependent aldolases were used to generate the aldol adducts (rare ketohexose phosphates) with various stereoconfigurations and diastereomeric ratios. It is worth noting that the enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation reaction in the first step could also help recycle the phosphate in the last step to provide free rare sugar molecules. This study provides a useful method for rare ketose synthesis on a 100 mg to g scale, starting from relatively inexpensive materials which solved the problem of supplying both glycerol 3-phosphate and GA in our previous work. It also demonstrates an example of green synthesis due to highly efficient carbon usage and recycling of cofactors.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06748\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/680c1eb58c105b35c700f62968366f052d68575b\",\n \"result_position\": 0,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 231983207,\n \"title\": \"The Role of Glycerol and Its Derivatives in the Biochemistry of Living Organisms, and Their Prebiotic Origin and Significance in the Evolution of Life\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Maheen Gull\",\n \"M. Pasek\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The emergence and evolution of prebiotic biomolecules on the early Earth remain a question that is considered crucial to understanding the chemistry of the origin of life. Amongst prebiotic molecules, glycerol is significant due to its ubiquity in biochemistry. In this review, we discuss the significance of glycerol and its various derivatives in biochemistry, their plausible roles in the origin and evolution of early cell membranes, and significance in the biochemistry of extremophiles, followed by their prebiotic origin on the early Earth and associated catalytic processes that led to the origin of these compounds. We also discuss various scenarios for the prebiotic syntheses of glycerol and its derivates and evaluate these to determine their relevance to early Earth biochemistry and geochemistry, and recapitulate the utilization of various minerals (including clays), condensation agents, and solvents that could have led to the successful prebiotic genesis of these biomolecules. Furthermore, important prebiotic events such as meteoritic delivery and prebiotic synthesis reactions under astrophysical conditions are also discussed. Finally, we have also highlighted some novel features of glycerol, including glycerol nucleic acid (GNA), in the origin and evolution of the life.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/CATAL11010086\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/09961bc50b3674050cc454829815fe26b6c07916\",\n \"result_position\": 1,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 228971763,\n \"title\": \"Recent Advances in Enzymatic and Chemoenzymatic Cascade Processes\",\n \"venue\": \"Catalysts\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Noelia Losada‐Garcia\",\n \"Z. Cabrera\",\n \"Paulina Urrutia\",\n \"Carla Garcia-Sanz\",\n \"Alicia Andreu\",\n \"J. Palomo\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Cascade reactions have been described as efficient and universal tools, and are of substantial interest in synthetic organic chemistry. This review article provides an overview of the novel and recent achievements in enzyme cascade processes catalyzed by multi-enzymatic or chemoenzymatic systems. The examples here selected collect the advances related to the application of the sequential use of enzymes in natural or genetically modified combination; second, the important combination of enzymes and metal complex systems, and finally we described the application of biocatalytic biohybrid systems on in situ catalytic solid-phase as a novel strategy. Examples of efficient and interesting enzymatic catalytic cascade processes in organic chemistry, in the production of important industrial products, such as the designing of novel biosensors or bio-chemocatalytic systems for medicinal chemistry application, are discussed\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/catal10111258\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/94fff74ca55367b6f9f8015b13d33c13d81d1bac\",\n \"result_position\": 2,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 252149871,\n \"title\": \"Structurally Informed Mutagenesis of a Stereochemically Promiscuous Aldolase Produces Mutants That Catalyze the Diastereoselective Syntheses of All Four Stereoisomers of 3-Deoxy-hexulosonic Acid\",\n \"venue\": \"ACS Catalysis\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"S. Royer\",\n \"Xuan Gao\",\n \"Robin R. Groleau\",\n \"Marc W. van der Kamp\",\n \"S. Bull\",\n \"M. Danson\",\n \"S. Crennell\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"A 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate aldolase from the hyperthermophile Sulfolobus solfataricus catalyzes the nonstereoselective aldol reaction of pyruvate and d-glyceraldehyde to produce 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate (d-KDGlc) and 2-keto-3-deoxy-d-galactonate (d-KDGal). Previous investigations into curing the stereochemical promiscuity of this hyperstable aldolase used high-resolution structures of the aldolase bound to d-KDGlc or d-KDGal to identify critical amino acids involved in substrate binding for mutation. This structure-guided approach enabled mutant variants to be created that could stereoselectively catalyze the aldol reaction of pyruvate and natural d-glyceraldehyde to selectively afford d-KDGlc or d-KDGal. Here we describe the creation of two further mutants of this Sulfolobus aldolase that can be used to catalyze aldol reactions between pyruvate and non-natural l-glyceraldehyde to enable the diastereoselective synthesis of l-KDGlc and l-KDGal. High-resolution crystal structures of all four variant aldolases have been determined (both unliganded and liganded), including Variant 1 with d-KDGlc, Variant 2 with pyruvate, Variant 3 with l-KDGlc, and Variant 4 with l-KDGal. These structures have enabled us to rationalize the observed changes in diastereoselectivities in these variant-catalyzed aldol reactions at a molecular level. Interestingly, the active site of Variant 4 was found to be sufficiently flexible to enable catalytically important amino acids to be replaced while still retaining sufficient enzymic activity to enable production of l-KDGal.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1021/acscatal.2c03285\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8f7be5f46dfb16940cc6d5ae4fc0d53728674086\",\n \"result_position\": 3,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 234064529,\n \"title\": \"Production of Ethylene Glycol from Glycerol Using an In Vitro Enzymatic Cascade\",\n \"venue\": \"Catalysts\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Kai Li\",\n \"Weikang Sun\",\n \"Wensi Meng\",\n \"Jinxin Yan\",\n \"Yipeng Zhang\",\n \"Shiting Guo\",\n \"Chuanjuan Lü\",\n \"Cuiqing Ma\",\n \"Chao Gao\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Glycerol is a readily available and inexpensive substance that is mostly generated during biofuel production processes. In order to ensure the viability of the biofuel industry, it is essential to develop complementing technologies for the resource utilization of glycerol. Ethylene glycol is a two-carbon organic chemical with multiple applications and a huge market. In this study, an artificial enzymatic cascade comprised alditol oxidase, catalase, glyoxylate/hydroxypyruvate reductase, pyruvate decarboxylase and lactaldehyde:propanediol oxidoreductase was developed for the production of ethylene glycol from glycerol. The reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) generated during the dehydrogenation of the glycerol oxidation product d-glycerate can be as the reductant to support the ethylene glycol production. Using this in vitro synthetic system with self-sufficient NADH recycling, 7.64 ± 0.15 mM ethylene glycol was produced from 10 mM glycerol in 10 h, with a high yield of 0.515 ± 0.1 g/g. The in vitro enzymatic cascade is not only a promising alternative for the generation of ethylene glycol but also a successful example of the value-added utilization of glycerol.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/CATAL11020214\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0c9eb9070cb509aedbb2a3e80dbde01797e7094b\",\n \"result_position\": 4,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 98906044,\n \"title\": \"Electro-generated MnO_2 in Supersonic Wave Bath and Its Application in Preparation of Glyceraldehyde\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Electrochemistry\",\n \"year\": 2007,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Chen Zhen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Glyceraldehyde is prepared by using MnO2/ Mn2+as the media in a cationic membrane electrolytic cell.Under ultrasonic high-frequency oscillation,the electro-generated nanometer MnO2 dispersed in the solution with several tens nm till several micron.Then the MnO2 is used for selective oxidation of glycerine to glyceraldehydes.The catalyzing selectivity of MnO2/ Mn2+is high and the current efficiency may account to 97.4 %.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.61558/2993-074x.1831\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2cccff59a86856704ff8f1635dbde8418c3a52fc\",\n \"result_position\": 5,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 16011950,\n \"title\": \"Biosynthesis of rare hexoses using microorganisms and related enzymes\",\n \"venue\": \"Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry\",\n \"year\": 2013,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Zijie Li\",\n \"Yahui Gao\",\n \"H. Nakanishi\",\n \"Xiao-Dong Gao\",\n \"Li Cai\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Rare sugars, referred to as monosaccharides and their derivatives that rarely exist in nature, can be applied in many areas ranging from foodstuffs to pharmaceutical and nutrition industry, or as starting materials for various natural products and drug candidates. Unfortunately, an important factor restricting the utilization of rare sugars is their limited availability, resulting from limited synthetic methods. Nowadays, microbial and enzymatic transformations have become a very powerful tool in this field. This article reviews the biosynthesis and enzymatic production of rare ketohexoses, aldohexoses and sugar alcohols (hexitols), including D-tagatose, D-psicose, D-sorbose, L-tagatose, L-fructose, 1-deoxy-L-fructose, D-allose, L-glucose, L-talose, D-gulose, L-galactose, L-fucose, allitol, D-talitol, and L-sorbitol. New systems and robust catalysts resulting from advancements in genomics and bioengineering are also discussed.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3762/bjoc.9.281\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f710554ba1c0ec49d21578fe7d26eeb958887498\",\n \"result_position\": 6,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 24254696,\n \"title\": \"Sugar analog synthesis by in vitro biocatalytic cascade: A comparison of alternative enzyme complements for dihydroxyacetone phosphate production as a precursor to rare chiral sugar synthesis\",\n \"venue\": \"PLoS ONE\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"C. Hartley\",\n \"Nigel G. French\",\n \"J. Scoble\",\n \"Charlotte C. Williams\",\n \"Quentin I. Churches\",\n \"Andrew R. Frazer\",\n \"Matthew C. Taylor\",\n \"G. Coia\",\n \"Greg Simpson\",\n \"N. Turner\",\n \"C. Scott\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Carbon-carbon bond formation is one of the most challenging reactions in synthetic organic chemistry, and aldol reactions catalysed by dihydroxyacetone phosphate-dependent aldolases provide a powerful biocatalytic tool for combining C-C bond formation with the generation of two new stereo-centres, with access to all four possible stereoisomers of a compound. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is unstable so the provision of DHAP for DHAP-dependent aldolases in biocatalytic processes remains complicated. Our research has investigated the efficiency of several different enzymatic cascades for the conversion of glycerol to DHAP, including characterising new candidate enzymes for some of the reaction steps. The most efficient cascade for DHAP production, comprising a one-pot four-enzyme reaction with glycerol kinase, acetate kinase, glycerophosphate oxidase and catalase, was coupled with a DHAP-dependent fructose-1,6-biphosphate aldolase enzyme to demonstrate the production of several rare chiral sugars. The limitation of batch biocatalysis for these reactions and the potential for improvement using kinetic modelling and flow biocatalysis systems is discussed.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1371/journal.pone.0184183\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8a485013c59c45fe0f007ae82286ad1e38b1e75b\",\n \"result_position\": 7,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 267284162,\n \"title\": \"Fenton oxidation of glycerin: A sustainable approach for byproduct treatment\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal Chemical Research\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"K. Zoltán\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This article explores the application of Fenton oxidation as a sustainable and efficient method for the treatment of glycerol, a major byproduct in biodiesel production. Glycerol, rich in impurities, poses environmental challenges if not properly managed. The research aims to contribute to the understanding of Fenton oxidation mechanisms specific to glycerol transformation into dl-glyceraldehyde and to highlight its potential as a sustainable solution. Glycerol, a trihydroxy sugar alcohol, is a versatile compound derived primarily from the hydrolysis of triglycerides and has found applications in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food production. One intriguing aspect of glycerol is its potential conversion to dl-glyceraldehyde, a key intermediate with significant importance in various biological processes. Employing Fenton oxidation emerges as beneficial approach in glycerol processing, considering the tenets of environmental sustainability.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1177/17475198231226386\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2772bc037003d80be50a0c67de6d94470a37a9ce\",\n \"result_position\": 8,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 13840846,\n \"title\": \"Oxidation of Glycerol with Unactivated Electroless CuNiMoP Catalyst\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Sankar\",\n \"E. N. Onyeozili\",\n \"E. Kalu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Unannealed CuNiMoP electrocatalyst was found active in electrochemical oxidation of glycerol, providing over 60% conversion without optimization. Prompted by this result, the same catalyst was investigated for the thermochemical oxidation of glycerol. For the thermochemical oxidation of glycerol using the as-deposited electroless CuNiMoP catalyst, a 23 full factorial design of experiments (two level factorial experiment design with three factors) to assess the influence of temperature (A), reaction time (B) and pressure (C). The major reaction products detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were glyceric, hydroxypyruvic, tartronic, oxalic and formic acids. The factors found to be most significant for the production of glyceric and tartronic acids were A, B, C, AB and BC. The highest percent conversion obtained for 30-min and 60-min catalysts was 10.6% and 9.4%, respectively. The presence of lactic acid was observed only for the 60-min as-deposited electroless CuNiMoP/Al2O3 catalyst. The results suggest the feasibility of an inexpensive catalyst based on non-noble metals for the thermochemical oxidation of glycerol through the electroless deposition technique. Some differences exist between the thermochemical and electrochemical product selectivity of the CuNiMoP catalyst, and reasons are suggested for the observed differences.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/CHEMENGINEERING1020011\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/611a02b637219de81bd4c9779c8d874cadcbdd57\",\n \"result_position\": 9,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 56040644,\n \"title\": \"Selective Oxidation of Glycerol Using 3% H2O2 Catalyzed by Supported Nano-Au Catalysts\",\n \"venue\": \"Catalysts\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Xiaoli Wang\",\n \"Gongde Wu\",\n \"Tong Jin\",\n \"Jie Xu\",\n \"Shihao Song\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"A series of transition metal oxides or mixed oxides supported nano-Au catalysts were prepared for the selective oxidation of glycerol to glyceric acid using 3% H2O2. It was found that the composition and structure of supports significantly influenced the catalytic performance of catalysts. The mesoporous trimetal mixed oxide (CuNiAlO) supported nano-Au catalysts were more active in comparison with the others. In the present catalytic system, the highest glycerol conversion was 90.5%, while the selectivity of glyceric acid could reach 72%. Moreover, the catalytic performance remained after 11 times of reaction.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/CATAL8110505\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/02c040aade290b405240acd8e1fbd8fcb140748d\",\n \"result_position\": 10,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 221569789,\n \"title\": \"Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of the New 3-((2,3-Diacetoxypropanoyl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl Diacetate Using Immobilized Lipase B from Candida antarctica and Pyridinium Chlorochromate as an Oxidizing Agent\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Molecular Sciences\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Esteban Plata\",\n \"Mónica Ruiz\",\n \"Jennifer Ruiz\",\n \"C. Ortiz\",\n \"J. Castillo\",\n \"R. Fernández-Lafuente\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"To exploit the hydrolytic activity and high selectivity of immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica on octyl agarose (CALB-OC) in the hydrolysis of triacetin and also to produce new value-added compounds from glycerol, this work describes a chemoenzymatic methodology for the synthesis of the new dimeric glycerol ester 3-((2,3-diacetoxypropanoyl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl diacetate. According to this approach, triacetin was regioselectively hydrolyzed to 1,2-diacetin with CALB-OC. The diglyceride product was subsequently oxidized with pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC) and a dimeric ester was isolated as the only product. It was found that the medium acidity during the PCC treatment and a high 1,2-diacetin concentration favored the formation of the ester. The synthesized compounds were characterized using IR, MS, HR-MS, and NMR techniques. The obtained dimeric ester was evaluated at 100 ppm against seven bacterial strains and two Candida species to identify its antimicrobial activity. The compound has no inhibitory activity against the bacterial strains used but decreased C. albicans and C. parapsilosis growth by 49% and 68%, respectively. Hemolytic activity was evaluated, and the results obtained support the use of the dimeric ester to control C. albicans and C. parapsilosis growth in non-intravenous applications because the compound shows hemolytic activity.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/ijms21186501\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b5ed4373b36c93935be3fc33d5bf78bb6a162f7c\",\n \"result_position\": 11,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 251712211,\n \"title\": \"Combined dehydrogenation of glycerol with catalytic transfer hydrogenation of H2 acceptors to chemicals: Opportunities and challenges\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Chemistry\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Guangyu Zhang\",\n \"Jian Zhao\",\n \"Xin Jin\",\n \"Yanan Qian\",\n \"Mingchuan Zhou\",\n \"Xuewu Jia\",\n \"Fengyan Sun\",\n \"Jie Jiang\",\n \"Wei Xu\",\n \"Bing Sun\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Catalytic transformation of low-cost glycerol to value-added lactic acid (LA) is considered as one of the most promising technologies for the upgradation of glycerol into renewable products. Currently, research studies reveal that anaerobic transformation of glycerol to LA could also obtain green H2 with the same yield of LA. However, the combined value-added utilization of released H2 with high selectivity of LA during glycerol conversion under mild conditions still remains a grand challenge. In this perspective, for the first time, we conducted a comprehensive and critical discussion on current strategies for combined one-pot/tandem dehydrogenation of glycerol to LA with catalytic transfer hydrogenation of H2 acceptors (such as CO2) to other chemicals. The aim of this overview was to provide a general guidance on the atomic economic reaction pathway for upgrading low-cost glycerol and CO2 to LA as well as other chemicals.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fchem.2022.962579\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4f586414a7bd15f69aeb777fd9a47c00bc21c6ae\",\n \"result_position\": 12,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 252655948,\n \"title\": \"Recovery and utilization of crude glycerol, a biodiesel byproduct\",\n \"venue\": \"RSC Advances\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yujia Liu\",\n \"Biqi Zhong\",\n \"A. Lawal\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Biodiesel production has increased significantly in the past decade because it has been demonstrated to be a viable alternative and renewable fuel. Consequently, the production of crude glycerol, the main byproduct of the transesterification of lipids to biodiesel, has risen as well. Therefore, the effective recovery and utilization of crude glycerol can provide biodiesel with additional value. In this review, we first summarized the state-of-the-art progress on crude glycerol recovery and purification. Subsequently, numerous approaches have been reviewed for the utilization of crude glycerol, including use as animal feeds, for combustion, anaerobic fermentation, and chemical conversion. Finally, an extensive discussion and outlook is presented in relation to the techniques and processes in the chemical conversion of crude glycerol.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1039/d2ra05090k\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/94bc27aa049c40be8a58c71d5b7977a6ffeed5bc\",\n \"result_position\": 13,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":62,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"In regard to St Patrick's Day, what are the predominant values and ideas communicated in the celebration of this national day, and how have they changed over time? What are some of the problems arising from the official or popular version of the past, and to what extent and in what ways are these values contested? "},"query_timestamp":{"kind":"string","value":"2025-08-11T17:18:03.723944+00:00"},"thread_id":{"kind":"string","value":"684ee5e941ebda03891fa3fe137926d0b6139c4f1644fa9c4fbe39fedb7b6f6e"},"num_shown":{"kind":"number","value":7,"string":"7"},"num_clicked":{"kind":"number","value":2,"string":"2"},"has_clicks":{"kind":"bool","value":true,"string":"true"},"shown_papers":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"corpus_id":266019927,"title":"Pride and Prejudice","venue":"","year":2007,"authors":["Sally Munt","Katherine E O'Donnell"],"abstract":"This article discusses the successful legal exclusion of Irish lesbians and gays from the St. Patrick's Day parade in New York and explores the ideologies of nation-space and public space that underpin this exclusion. It argues that the progression through urban space of the marches enforces compulsory heterosexuality, through actual and semiotic exclusion. Irish American nationalism can be read as illustrative of the heterosexualization of nationalism. It was the unquestioned assumption that being homosexual is antithetical to being Irish that provided the fundamental premise from which it was logically and successfully argued in U.S. courts: that the Irish Lesbian and Gay Organization is a violent, obscene enemy bent on the destruction of Irish ethnicity and Irish communities. By contrast, the article holds up the parades in Cork and Dublin as designated inclusive and multicultural events, the nation-space of the Irish Republic economically liberated and wishing to communicate modernity to its citizens.","doi":"10.1177/1206331206296379","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8e86a281b15334adc8dd750380cb11a183043dc2","result_position":0,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":232272557,"title":"From I to we: participants’ accounts of the development and impact of shared identity at large-scale displays of Irish national identity","venue":"Irish Political Studies","year":2021,"authors":["Danielle Blaylock","Clifford Stevenson","Aisling T. O’Donnell","S. Reicher","Dominic Bryan","F. Neville","O. Muldoon"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT In Ireland, ritual events and parades have been a central part of civic and public life. However, there is limited understanding of the identity processes at work at these collective events. The present research aims to examine how participants attending collective events come to recognise shared social identification and the impact that this awareness is reported to have on intragroup processes. Interview data were collected over the course of two years at the St Patrick’s Day parade and 1916 Easter Rising commemorations in Dublin and Belfast with both participants and attendees at the events. Thematic analysis revealed that to the extent that individuals saw the event as an identity event, they used attendance as their primary indication of shared identity, along with visual identity markers, shared experiences, and shared affects. Participants’ accounts of the experience of shared identity focused upon a range of cognitive, affective, and social variables which together suggested a relational transformation in the crowd. These findings suggest that shared identity is an emergent state which plays a critical role in transforming social relations within the collective.","doi":"10.1080/07907184.2021.1877896","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/196793afa6d2f5a5811da8eac8444b5295a34ab1","result_position":1,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":204458668,"title":"St Patrick's Day expulsions : race and homophobia in New York's parade","venue":"","year":2007,"authors":["Katherine E O'Donnell"],"abstract":"When the Irish Lesbian and Gay Organization (ILGO) applied to march in the New York St Patrick’s Day Parade of 1991, they were told that there was no room by the organizers of the parade, the Ancient Order of Hibernians (AOH). ILGO’s ongoing struggle for inclusion in what was then the world’s largest celebration of Irish ethnicity became a major news item that rumbled on seasonally for a number of years across the USA, in Ireland, in the international gay community and amongst the international Irish diaspora. Now, fifteen years after its first application to join the parade, ILGO is even legally prohibited from holding a protest at its own exclusion. The unquestioned assumption that being homosexual is antithetical to being Irish provided the fundamental premise from which it was successfully argued in US courts that the Irish Lesbian and Gay Organization is a violent, obscene enemy bent on the destruction of Irish ethnicity and Irish communities. The argument was not made initially by lawyers employed by the Ancient Order of Hibernians, but by the influential American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), which describes itself as working ‘to extend rights to segments of our population that have traditionally been denied their rights, including Native Americans and other people of color; lesbians, gay men, bisexuals and transgendered people’.1","doi":"10.1057/9780230800588_10","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6ad832355ee7df987c3a0b677eea0d2bb7d363cf","result_position":2,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":278107907,"title":"From Celtic Rock Heyday to “Extended Family”: Changing Legacies and Identities for Horslips and Their Fans","venue":"Rock Music Studies","year":2025,"authors":["John O’Flynn"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article interprets the legacy of Horslips in a review of key periods of the Irish rock band’s activity and reception from the 1970s to the early 2020s. These comprise the band’s heyday in the 1970s, their relative obscurity in the 1980s and ’90s, two reunions as a live act in the early twenty-first century, and more recent fan-organized events. In tandem with an appraisal of the band’s career and broader artistic contribution, the article examines interrelated constructions of cultural memory and heritage on the part of musicians, cultural commentators, aficionados, and fans. It finds a range of associated identities and legacies that differ according to media-driven or community-oriented initiatives and to changing experiences and perspectives over time.","doi":"10.1080/19401159.2025.2492420","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5f2b09a454400887085b0f0f2730ec3e00dfb7ec","result_position":3,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":142834883,"title":"Whose Day Is It Anyway? St. Patrick's Day as a Contested Performance of National and Diasporic Irishness","venue":"","year":2012,"authors":["M. Scully"],"abstract":"One of the more intriguing aspects of St. Patrick's Day celebrations as a nationalised ritual of a performed Irishness, both within and outside Ireland, is the extent to which it represents a dialogue between territorialised and diasporic expressions of Irish identity, and claims of belonging to Irishness. St. Patrick's Day celebrations in English cities are a particularly intriguing example of this contestation, due to the proximity of the two countries and the historical structural and cultural constraints on the public performance of Irish identity in England, as well as their more recent reinvention within celebratory multiculturalism. This article examines how debates around the authenticity of St. Patrick's Day parades in English cities are employed in the identity work of individual Irish people. In doing so, it provides insight on the tensions between Irishness as transnational, diasporic, and ethnic, as experienced in England.","doi":"10.1111/J.1754-9469.2011.01149.X","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cbc4136b0cf358f738160442c88834d03c342794","result_position":4,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":164998554,"title":"Writing Irish America: Communal Memory and the Narrative of Nation in Diaspora","venue":"","year":2017,"authors":["Beth O'Leary Anish"],"abstract":"In this project I trace Irish ethnic identity formation in the United States and the creation of the Irish-American narrative throughout the twentieth century as reflected in Irish-American life-writing—autobiographical or at least semi-autobiographical fiction and memoir—from just after World War II to the early 2000s. All of the works included in this study examine in some way the question of what it means to be Irish in America. The authors in this study collectively show how an Irish identity was given up in America and eventually pieced back together again. Some of the original elements remained, but others were forgotten, misunderstood, or invented. The IrishAmerican narrative tells of a rise from poverty and oppression to American comfort and respectability. There is pride in this rise, but there is also loss. I argue that symbol has replaced substance in popular representations of the Irish in America, and that imagination has been used to create an Irish-American identity that attempts to soothe the pain of what has been lost. To think through these works in terms of ethnic identity formation, I employ theories of home and nation, applying those concepts to a people in diaspora and how they see themselves in relation to two different homes, the one they left behind but that still informs their identity, and the one in which they live and raise their families. In the early twentieth century, the way Irish Americans see themselves against a dominant Anglo-Protestant culture can be traced back to the colonial setting they have left. For this reason I apply some tenets of postcolonial theory to this American literature of a displaced Irish population. This move from one homeland to another, especially when forced by poverty rather than a desire to leave, does not come without trauma. As such, I also employ theories of individual trauma and trauma as it is passed down the generations. The theory of ethnic identity formation as an ongoing process is also useful to understand how the Irish understand themselves in America. Finally, what makes it into a national or diasporic narrative has at least as much to do with what is forgotten as what is remembered in the name of presenting a unified whole. I use theories of cultural memory and forgetting to understand the fractured nature of the Irish-American story that is passed on, and the gaps and fissures found therein.","doi":"10.23860/DISS-ANISH-BETH-2017","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5790ebde0c29eba9e00f7ed1ac743d2f11931d1f","result_position":5,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":236144825,"title":"“Rory played the greens, not the blues”: expressions of Irishness on the Rory Gallagher YouTube channel","venue":"Irish Studies Review","year":2021,"authors":["L. O’Hagan"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study explores expressions of Irishness by fans on the official YouTube channel of the Irish blues/rock singer and guitarist Rory Gallagher. Drawing upon a dataset of some 500 comments, I note the various strategies that fans, both Irish and non-Irish, adopt to engage in public displays of Irishness and explore the personal links that they make with Ireland and Irish culture to situate themselves as “authentic.” I demonstrate how, for Rory Gallagher fans, Irishness is an unstable, malleable concept that can simultaneously express regionalist, nationalist and transnationalist identity, yet it tends to be non-sectarian and rooted in a shared love for music rather than any political/religious differences. Moreover, it is essential in determining internal hierarchies and status within the fan group, with those asserting the most Irishness seen as most authentic. Overall, its findings contribute to an important growing body of work on Irish musicology and national identity.","doi":"10.1080/09670882.2021.1946919","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c4b9e04d34ae8e7d071cdee851abcc709c27d2b6","result_position":6,"is_clicked":false}],"string":"[\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 266019927,\n \"title\": \"Pride and Prejudice\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2007,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Sally Munt\",\n \"Katherine E O'Donnell\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This article discusses the successful legal exclusion of Irish lesbians and gays from the St. Patrick's Day parade in New York and explores the ideologies of nation-space and public space that underpin this exclusion. It argues that the progression through urban space of the marches enforces compulsory heterosexuality, through actual and semiotic exclusion. Irish American nationalism can be read as illustrative of the heterosexualization of nationalism. It was the unquestioned assumption that being homosexual is antithetical to being Irish that provided the fundamental premise from which it was logically and successfully argued in U.S. courts: that the Irish Lesbian and Gay Organization is a violent, obscene enemy bent on the destruction of Irish ethnicity and Irish communities. By contrast, the article holds up the parades in Cork and Dublin as designated inclusive and multicultural events, the nation-space of the Irish Republic economically liberated and wishing to communicate modernity to its citizens.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1177/1206331206296379\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8e86a281b15334adc8dd750380cb11a183043dc2\",\n \"result_position\": 0,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 232272557,\n \"title\": \"From I to we: participants’ accounts of the development and impact of shared identity at large-scale displays of Irish national identity\",\n \"venue\": \"Irish Political Studies\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Danielle Blaylock\",\n \"Clifford Stevenson\",\n \"Aisling T. O’Donnell\",\n \"S. Reicher\",\n \"Dominic Bryan\",\n \"F. Neville\",\n \"O. Muldoon\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"ABSTRACT In Ireland, ritual events and parades have been a central part of civic and public life. However, there is limited understanding of the identity processes at work at these collective events. The present research aims to examine how participants attending collective events come to recognise shared social identification and the impact that this awareness is reported to have on intragroup processes. Interview data were collected over the course of two years at the St Patrick’s Day parade and 1916 Easter Rising commemorations in Dublin and Belfast with both participants and attendees at the events. Thematic analysis revealed that to the extent that individuals saw the event as an identity event, they used attendance as their primary indication of shared identity, along with visual identity markers, shared experiences, and shared affects. Participants’ accounts of the experience of shared identity focused upon a range of cognitive, affective, and social variables which together suggested a relational transformation in the crowd. These findings suggest that shared identity is an emergent state which plays a critical role in transforming social relations within the collective.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/07907184.2021.1877896\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/196793afa6d2f5a5811da8eac8444b5295a34ab1\",\n \"result_position\": 1,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 204458668,\n \"title\": \"St Patrick's Day expulsions : race and homophobia in New York's parade\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2007,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Katherine E O'Donnell\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"When the Irish Lesbian and Gay Organization (ILGO) applied to march in the New York St Patrick’s Day Parade of 1991, they were told that there was no room by the organizers of the parade, the Ancient Order of Hibernians (AOH). ILGO’s ongoing struggle for inclusion in what was then the world’s largest celebration of Irish ethnicity became a major news item that rumbled on seasonally for a number of years across the USA, in Ireland, in the international gay community and amongst the international Irish diaspora. Now, fifteen years after its first application to join the parade, ILGO is even legally prohibited from holding a protest at its own exclusion. The unquestioned assumption that being homosexual is antithetical to being Irish provided the fundamental premise from which it was successfully argued in US courts that the Irish Lesbian and Gay Organization is a violent, obscene enemy bent on the destruction of Irish ethnicity and Irish communities. The argument was not made initially by lawyers employed by the Ancient Order of Hibernians, but by the influential American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), which describes itself as working ‘to extend rights to segments of our population that have traditionally been denied their rights, including Native Americans and other people of color; lesbians, gay men, bisexuals and transgendered people’.1\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1057/9780230800588_10\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6ad832355ee7df987c3a0b677eea0d2bb7d363cf\",\n \"result_position\": 2,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 278107907,\n \"title\": \"From Celtic Rock Heyday to “Extended Family”: Changing Legacies and Identities for Horslips and Their Fans\",\n \"venue\": \"Rock Music Studies\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"John O’Flynn\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"ABSTRACT This article interprets the legacy of Horslips in a review of key periods of the Irish rock band’s activity and reception from the 1970s to the early 2020s. These comprise the band’s heyday in the 1970s, their relative obscurity in the 1980s and ’90s, two reunions as a live act in the early twenty-first century, and more recent fan-organized events. In tandem with an appraisal of the band’s career and broader artistic contribution, the article examines interrelated constructions of cultural memory and heritage on the part of musicians, cultural commentators, aficionados, and fans. It finds a range of associated identities and legacies that differ according to media-driven or community-oriented initiatives and to changing experiences and perspectives over time.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/19401159.2025.2492420\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5f2b09a454400887085b0f0f2730ec3e00dfb7ec\",\n \"result_position\": 3,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 142834883,\n \"title\": \"Whose Day Is It Anyway? St. Patrick's Day as a Contested Performance of National and Diasporic Irishness\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2012,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Scully\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"One of the more intriguing aspects of St. Patrick's Day celebrations as a nationalised ritual of a performed Irishness, both within and outside Ireland, is the extent to which it represents a dialogue between territorialised and diasporic expressions of Irish identity, and claims of belonging to Irishness. St. Patrick's Day celebrations in English cities are a particularly intriguing example of this contestation, due to the proximity of the two countries and the historical structural and cultural constraints on the public performance of Irish identity in England, as well as their more recent reinvention within celebratory multiculturalism. This article examines how debates around the authenticity of St. Patrick's Day parades in English cities are employed in the identity work of individual Irish people. In doing so, it provides insight on the tensions between Irishness as transnational, diasporic, and ethnic, as experienced in England.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1111/J.1754-9469.2011.01149.X\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cbc4136b0cf358f738160442c88834d03c342794\",\n \"result_position\": 4,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 164998554,\n \"title\": \"Writing Irish America: Communal Memory and the Narrative of Nation in Diaspora\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Beth O'Leary Anish\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In this project I trace Irish ethnic identity formation in the United States and the creation of the Irish-American narrative throughout the twentieth century as reflected in Irish-American life-writing—autobiographical or at least semi-autobiographical fiction and memoir—from just after World War II to the early 2000s. All of the works included in this study examine in some way the question of what it means to be Irish in America. The authors in this study collectively show how an Irish identity was given up in America and eventually pieced back together again. Some of the original elements remained, but others were forgotten, misunderstood, or invented. The IrishAmerican narrative tells of a rise from poverty and oppression to American comfort and respectability. There is pride in this rise, but there is also loss. I argue that symbol has replaced substance in popular representations of the Irish in America, and that imagination has been used to create an Irish-American identity that attempts to soothe the pain of what has been lost. To think through these works in terms of ethnic identity formation, I employ theories of home and nation, applying those concepts to a people in diaspora and how they see themselves in relation to two different homes, the one they left behind but that still informs their identity, and the one in which they live and raise their families. In the early twentieth century, the way Irish Americans see themselves against a dominant Anglo-Protestant culture can be traced back to the colonial setting they have left. For this reason I apply some tenets of postcolonial theory to this American literature of a displaced Irish population. This move from one homeland to another, especially when forced by poverty rather than a desire to leave, does not come without trauma. As such, I also employ theories of individual trauma and trauma as it is passed down the generations. The theory of ethnic identity formation as an ongoing process is also useful to understand how the Irish understand themselves in America. Finally, what makes it into a national or diasporic narrative has at least as much to do with what is forgotten as what is remembered in the name of presenting a unified whole. I use theories of cultural memory and forgetting to understand the fractured nature of the Irish-American story that is passed on, and the gaps and fissures found therein.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.23860/DISS-ANISH-BETH-2017\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5790ebde0c29eba9e00f7ed1ac743d2f11931d1f\",\n \"result_position\": 5,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 236144825,\n \"title\": \"“Rory played the greens, not the blues”: expressions of Irishness on the Rory Gallagher YouTube channel\",\n \"venue\": \"Irish Studies Review\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"L. O’Hagan\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"ABSTRACT This study explores expressions of Irishness by fans on the official YouTube channel of the Irish blues/rock singer and guitarist Rory Gallagher. Drawing upon a dataset of some 500 comments, I note the various strategies that fans, both Irish and non-Irish, adopt to engage in public displays of Irishness and explore the personal links that they make with Ireland and Irish culture to situate themselves as “authentic.” I demonstrate how, for Rory Gallagher fans, Irishness is an unstable, malleable concept that can simultaneously express regionalist, nationalist and transnationalist identity, yet it tends to be non-sectarian and rooted in a shared love for music rather than any political/religious differences. Moreover, it is essential in determining internal hierarchies and status within the fan group, with those asserting the most Irishness seen as most authentic. Overall, its findings contribute to an important growing body of work on Irish musicology and national identity.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/09670882.2021.1946919\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c4b9e04d34ae8e7d071cdee851abcc709c27d2b6\",\n \"result_position\": 6,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":63,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"Literature review to detect water surfaces using Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-1 imagery. Eventually also Landsat imagery.\n\nThe objective of this chat is to carry out a literature review and an evaluation of methods available in the scientific literature to detect water bodies as accurate as possible in the Google Earth Engine Environment. Therefore, we are also looking if those publications do provide the necessary code to replicate the method. \n\nWe are starting to run this in the Tanganyika basin but the method should be universal; i.e., it can be implemented elsewhere. \n\nThe temporal window is multi-annual so this should be taken into account. It means that there will be for sure months were the imagery will be cloudy and so also affected by shadows. Therefore, those areas affected by this will need to be filled or complemented by SAR imagery like Sentinel-1. Thus the literature review will also review the use of Sentinel-1 for water detection. \n\nThe idea I have in mind is to first use Sentinel-2 data to detect water, then, if there are clouds either to use Landsat and finally Sentinel-1. We need to be aware that there are spatial resolution differences between the different satellites and the bands and that this may impact the final result. \n\nPlease make a deep review of the methods available; review the accuracies of the different methods and check whether the code is available or not. Provide all the references in APA style and add also these references in the text you provide. \n\nOnce we define this we will start writting javascript or python code for Earth Engine in a different chat."},"query_timestamp":{"kind":"string","value":"2025-07-20T15:19:45.102913+00:00"},"thread_id":{"kind":"string","value":"a9f55c680e2bad3cf24de79b309929245ce4d9fcf921e94f38359b30a3a86d77"},"num_shown":{"kind":"number","value":54,"string":"54"},"num_clicked":{"kind":"number","value":3,"string":"3"},"has_clicks":{"kind":"bool","value":true,"string":"true"},"shown_papers":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"corpus_id":235190263,"title":"An Optical and SAR Based Fusion Approach for Mapping Surface Water Dynamics over Mainland China","venue":"Remote Sensing","year":2021,"authors":["Daniel Druce","X. Tong","X. Lei","T. Guo","C. Kittel","K. Grogan","C. Tøttrup"],"abstract":"Earth Observation (EO) data is a critical information source for mapping and monitoring water resources over large inaccessible regions where hydrological in-situ networks are sparse. In this paper, we present a simple yet robust method for fusing optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data for mapping surface water dynamics over mainland China. This method uses a multivariate logistic regression model to estimate monthly surface water extent over a four-year period (2017 to 2020) from the combined usages of Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 imagery. Multi-seasonal high-resolution images from the Chinese Gaofen satellites are used as a reference for an independent validation showing a high degree of agreement (overall accuracy 94%) across a diversity of climatic and physiographic regions demonstrating potential scalability beyond China. Through inter-comparison with similar global scale products, this paper further shows how this new mapping technique provides improved spatio-temporal characterization of inland water bodies, and for better capturing smaller water bodies (< 0.81 ha in size). The relevance of the results is discussed, and we find this new enhanced monitoring approach has the potential to advance the use of Earth observation for water resource management, planning and reporting.","doi":"10.3390/rs13091663","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7fa8a038015f89ef7735be00b31523fd6679839f","result_position":0,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":269869144,"title":"Advancements in remote sensing technologies for accurate monitoring and management of surface water resources in Africa: an overview, limitations, and future directions","venue":"Geocarto International","year":2024,"authors":["Maria Sigopi","C. Shoko","Timothy Dube"],"abstract":"Abstract This review presents a comprehensive examination of recent advancements in utilizing multi-date satellite data to analyze spatial and temporal variations in seasonal and inter-annual surface water dynamics within arid environments of Africa. Remote sensing offers continuous, precise, and long-term datasets for surface water research. Various sensors with differing spatial resolutions are discussed, with high-resolution multispectral sensors providing superior spatial resolution but at higher costs. Conversely, dual-sensor approaches, incuding optical sensors (Sentinel-2 and Landsat), radar satellites (Sentinel-1 and RADARSAT) and UAVs were investigated. The review further examines the efficiency and applicability of traditional algorithms such as the modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI), normalized difference water index (NDWI), and automated water extraction index (AWEI) in detecting and delineating surface water resources. Additionally, machine learning (ML) algorithms, including support vector machines (SVM), Random Forest (RF), deep learning and emerging methodologies like recurrent tranformer networks, have been explored. Therefore, we recommend that future research endeavours focus on leveraging high-resolution satellite imagery and integrating physical models with deep learning techniques, artificial intelligence, and online big data processing platforms to improve surface water mapping capabilities.","doi":"10.1080/10106049.2024.2347935","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6bf3d3d9fbec68ef91d30bf9c61b19d638d7b8f4","result_position":1,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":267364805,"title":"Using Multi-Temporal Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 Data for Water Bodies Mapping","venue":"IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","year":2024,"authors":["Luigi Russo","Francesco Mauro","Babak Memar","A. Sebastianelli","Paolo Gamba","S. Ullo"],"abstract":"Climate change is intensifying extreme weather events, causing both water scarcity and severe rainfall unpredictability, and posing threats to sustainable development, biodiversity, and access to water and sanitation. This paper aims to provide valuable insights for comprehensive water resource monitoring under diverse meteorological conditions. An extension of the SEN2DWATER dataset is proposed to enhance its capabilities for water basin segmentation. Through the integration of temporally and spatially aligned radar information from Sentinel-1 data with the existing multispectral Sentinel-2 data, a novel multisource and multitemporal dataset is generated. Benchmarking the enhanced dataset involves the application of indices such as the Soil Water Index (SWI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), along with an unsupervised Machine Learning (ML) classifier (k-means clustering). Promising results are obtained and potential future developments and applications arising from this research are also explored.","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS53475.2024.10641660","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c269e540adfca5f33c6bbce6fce5a79beb9a69da","result_position":2,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":210878610,"title":"A Fusion Approach for Water Area Classification Using Visible, Near Infrared and Synthetic Aperture Radar for South Asian Conditions","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","year":2020,"authors":["S. Ahmad","F. Hossain","H. Eldardiry","T. Pavelsky"],"abstract":"Consistent estimation of water surface area from remote sensing remains challenging in regions such as South Asia with vegetation, mountainous topography, and persistent monsoonal cloud cover. High-resolution optical imagery, which is often used for global inundation mapping, is highly impacted by clouds, while synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery is not impacted by clouds and is affected by both topographic layover and vegetation. Here, we compare and contrast inundation extent measurements from visible (Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2) and SAR (Sentinel-1) imagery. Each data type (wavelength) has complementary strengths and weaknesses which were gauged separately over selected water bodies in Bangladesh. High-resolution cloud-free PlanetScope imagery at 3-m resolution was used as a reference to check the accuracy of each technique and data type. Next, the optical and radar images were fused for a rule-based water area classification algorithm to derive the optimal decision for the water mask. Results indicate that the fusion approach can improve the overall accuracy by up to 3.8%, 18.2%, and 8.3% during the wet season over using the individual products of Landsat8, Sentinel-1, and Sentinel-2, respectively, at three sites, while providing increased observational frequency. The fusion-derived products resulted in overall accuracy ranging from 85.8% to 98.7% and Kappa coefficient varying from 0.61 to 0.83. The proposed SAR-visible fusion technique has potential for improving satellite-based surface water monitoring and storage changes, especially for smaller water bodies in humid tropical climate of South Asia.","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.2019.2950705","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/838f62809f73c1b5e11ad328f36192b20231431b","result_position":3,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":219561281,"title":"Sentinel-1-Imagery-Based High-Resolution Water Cover Detection on Wetlands, Aided by Google Earth Engine","venue":"Remote Sensing","year":2020,"authors":["A. Gulácsi","F. Kovács"],"abstract":"Saline wetlands experience large temporal fluctuations in water supply during the year and are recharged only or mainly through precipitation, meaning they are vulnerable to climate-change-induced aridification. Most passive satellite sensors are unsuitable for continuous wetland monitoring due to cloud cover and their relatively low temporal resolution. However, active satellite sensors such as the C-band synthetic aperture radar of Sentinel-1 satellites offer free, cloud-independent data. We examined surface water cover changes from October 2014 to November 2018 in the strictly protected area (13,000 ha) of the Upper-Kiskunság Alkaline Lakes region in the Danube–Tisza Interfluve in Hungary, with the aim of helping with nature protection planning. Changes and sensitivity can be defined based on the knowledge of variability. We developed a method for water cover detection based on automatic classification, applying the so-called WEKA K-Means clustering algorithm. For satellite data processing and analysis, we used the Google Earth Engine cloud processing platform. In terms of validation, we compared our results with the multispectral Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) derived from Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 top-of-atmosphere reflectance images using a threshold-based binary classifier (receiver operator characteristics) for the MNDWI data. Using two completely distinct methods operating in distinct wavelength ranges, we obtained adequately matching results, with Spearman’s correlation coefficients (ρ) ranging from 0.54 to 0.80.","doi":"10.3390/rs12101614","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/257504a467a64d1a27a386d9949e9feae267bf9d","result_position":4,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":275051801,"title":"Flood Mapping Methodologies in Google Earth Engine Using Optical and Radar Data: A Comparative Study","venue":"Journal of Environmental & Earth Sciences","year":2024,"authors":["Yassine Loukili","Y. Lakhrissi","Safae Elhaj","Ben Ali"],"abstract":"Floods are among the most severe and frequent natural disasters, impacting numerous countries worldwide. This study investigates flood mapping methodologies utilizing Google Earth Engine (GEE) with Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, and Landsat data, focusing on the January 2021 Tetouan flood in Morocco. Three approaches were assessed: Sentinel-1 thresholding and NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index) methods applied to Sentinel-2 and Landsat imagery. The analysis revealed flooded areas of 891 hectares (Sentinel-1), 814 hectares (Sentinel-2), and 1237 hectares (Landsat), validated against ArcGIS (Geographic Information System) results estimating 900 hectares. Sentinel-1 demonstrated superior accuracy with only a 9-hectare deviation and proved effective under cloudy conditions. Sentinel-2 provided a balance between spatial resolution and error levels, with moderate commission and omission errors. Landsat detected the largest flood extent but exhibited a slight overestimation. The study emphasizes the advantages of GEE’s cloud-based platform, which significantly reduced processing time, facilitating rapid flood extent mapping. This scalability and efficiency make GEE an invaluable tool for disaster management. The results underline the potential of these methodologies for accurate and timely flood monitoring, enabling informed decision-making in resilience planning and emergency response. Such advancements are critical for mitigating the impacts of flooding and supporting sustainable disaster management strategies in vulnerable regions worldwide.","doi":"10.30564/jees.v7i1.7397","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f36becf8d077e92f7aa9c830d869a6d6b4745fe5","result_position":5,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":257272643,"title":"Understanding Volume Estimation Uncertainty of Lakes and Wetlands Using Satellites and Citizen Science","venue":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","year":2023,"authors":["Shahzaib Khan","Faisal Hossain","T. Pavelsky","G. Parkins","M. Lane","A. Gómez","Sanchit Minocha","Pritam Das","Sheikh K. Ghafoor","Md Arifuzzaman Bhuyan","Md. Nazmul Haque","Preetom Kumar Sarker","Partho Protim Borua","J. Crétaux","N. Picot","Vivek Balakrishnan","Shakeel Ahmad","Nirakar Thapa","R. Bhattarai","F. Hasan","Bareerah Fatima","Muhammad Ashraf","S. Ahmad","Arthur Compin"],"abstract":"We studied variations in the volume of water stored in small lakes and wetlands using satellite remote sensing and lake water height data contributed by citizen scientists. A total of 94 water bodies across the globe were studied using satellite data in the optical and microwave wavelengths from Landsat 8, Sentinel-1, and Sentinel-2. The uncertainty in volume estimation as a function of geography and geophysical factors, such as cloud cover, precipitation, and water surface temperature, was studied. The key finding that emerged from this global study is that uncertainty is highest in regions with a distinct precipitation season, such as in the monsoon dominated South Asia or the Pacific Northwestern region of the USA. This uncertainty is further compounded when small lakes and wetlands are seasonal with alternating land use as a water body and agricultural land, such as the wetlands of Northeastern Bangladesh. On an average, 45% of studied lakes could be estimated of their volume change with a statistical significant uncertainty that is less than the expected volume in South Asia. In North America, this statistically significant uncertainty in volume estimation was found to be around 50% in lakes eastward of the 108th meridian with lowest uncertainty found in lakes along the East coast of the USA. The article provides a baseline for understanding the current state of the art in estimating volumetric change of lakes and wetlands using citizen science in anticipation of the recently launched Surface Water and Ocean Topography Mission.","doi":"10.1109/JSTARS.2023.3250354","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6266674471cb3781f691f5dcd8fa82cdbc7c7e6d","result_position":6,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":248657006,"title":"Large-Scale Surface Water Mapping Based on Landsat and Sentinel-1 Images","venue":"Water","year":2022,"authors":["Hailong Tang","Shanlong Lu","Muhammad Hasan Ali Baig","Mingyang Li","Chun Fang","Yong Wang"],"abstract":"Surface water is a highly dynamical object on the earth’s surface. At present, satellite remote sensing is the most effective way to accurately depict the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of surface water on a large scale. In this study, a region-adaptive random forest algorithm is designed on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) for automatic surface water mapping by using data from multi-sensors such as Landsat 7 ETM+, Landsat 8 OLI, and Sentinel-1 SAR images as source data, and China as a case study region. The visual comparison of the mapping results with the original images under different landform areas shows that the extracted water body boundary is consistent with the water range in the image. The cross-validation with the JRC GSW validation samples shows a very high precision that the average producer’s accuracy and average user’s accuracy of water is 0.933 and 0.998, respectively. The average overall accuracy and average kappa is 0.966 and 0.931, respectively. The independent verification results of lakes with different areas also prove the high accuracy for our method, with a maximum average error of 2.8%. These results show that the method is an ideal way for large-scale surface water mapping with a high spatial–temporal resolution.","doi":"10.3390/w14091454","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7bfc9e67159429748ee94578742081aa002abdb9","result_position":7,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":273818442,"title":"SAR image integration for multi-temporal analysis of Lake Manchar Wetland dynamics using machine learning","venue":"Scientific Reports","year":2024,"authors":["Chaoyong Wang","Rana Waqar Aslam","Abdul Quddoos","Iram Naz","Aqil Tariq","Sajid Ullah","Asif Sajjad","Walid Soufan","Khalid F. Almutairi"],"abstract":"The Manchar Lake wetland complex, Pakistan’s largest freshwater-lake, faces unprecedented ecological challenges amidst climate change and human pressures, necessitating urgent, data-driven conservation strategies. This study employs cutting-edge multi-sensor remote sensing techniques to quantify and analyze the dynamic changes in this critical ecosystem from 2015 to 2023, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of wetland dynamics for informed management decisions. Integrating Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Sentinel-2 multispectral imagery, we assessed changes in wetland extent, vegetation health, and land-use patterns using spectral indices and topographic data. Our methodology achieved classification accuracies exceeding 92% across all study years, revealing significant ecosystem fluctuations. Water body extent exhibited a non-linear trend, expanding from 318.5 km² (5%) in 2015 to 397.0 km² (7%) in 2019, before contracting to 369.9 km² (6%) in 2023. This pattern was corroborated by MNDWI values. Concurrently, vegetation covers dramatically increased from 405.5 km² (7%) in 2019 to 1081.6 km² (18%) in 2023. The Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) reflected this trend, decreasing from 0.61 in 2015 to 0.41 in 2019, before recovering to 0.53 in 2023. Land use changes were substantial, with agricultural areas increasing from 118.4 km² (2%) in 2015 to 498.0 km² (8%) in 2023. SAR data consistently supported these observations. Topographic analysis, including the Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), provided crucial insights into wetland distribution and resilience. This comprehensive analysis highlights the complex interplay between natural processes and human influences shaping the Manchar-Lake ecosystem, underscoring the urgent need for adaptive management strategies in the face of rapid environmental change.","doi":"10.1038/s41598-024-76730-1","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2d3c6c376a3f8d5fe0a91aafa6cb722af6574794","result_position":8,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":258286113,"title":"WATER RESERVOIRS MONITORING THROUGH GOOGLE EARTH ENGINE: APPLICATION TO SENTINEL AND LANDSAT IMAGERY","venue":"The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences","year":2023,"authors":["F. Bocchino","R. Ravanelli","V. Belloni","P. Mazzucchelli","M. Crespi"],"abstract":"Abstract. Water reservoirs are subjected to increasing hydrological stresses, therefore continuous and accurate monitoring of these resources is essential to ensure their sustainable management. This work proposes a methodology to remotely monitor the surface extent of water reservoirs through the analysis of satellite multispectral and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images. In particular, a segmentation strategy was implemented within Google Earth Engine (GEE) to distinguish water bodies from the surrounding land surface and measure their extension, by applying three different approaches to Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, and Landsat-8 imagery. The first approach is based on the use of the Automatic Water Extraction Index (AWEI) and the self-adaptive Otsu’s thresholding method, the second approach is based on the image conversion from RGB (Red-Green-Blue) to HSV (Hue, Saturation, Value) and the use of a parametric threshold, the third approach is based on the use of SAR imagery and an empirically selected threshold. A “static” validation strategy was developed from scratch and standard segmentation metrics were computed to evaluate the accuracy of the three approaches. The average values of the F1 scores on the Sentinel imagery were equal to 0.95, 0.90, and 0.84 for the three approaches, respectively. The same metric on the Landsat imagery was 0.95 for the first approach and 0.93 for the second approach. The best approach, i.e. the AWEI-based method, was then applied to three water bodies in which the effects of the 2022 drought were particularly significant: Sawa lake (Iraq), Poyang lake (China), and Po river (Italy). The results visually highlighted the good performance of the approach in segmenting the water bodies from the surrounding areas.\n","doi":"10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-m-1-2023-41-2023","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8df641104682ef7e5a373e71f7a1dd296efce752","result_position":9,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":269320599,"title":"Performance of water indices for large-scale water resources monitoring using Sentinel-2 data in Ethiopia","venue":"Environmental Monitoring & Assessment","year":2024,"authors":["Mathias Tesfaye","Lutz Breuer"],"abstract":"Evaluating the performance of water indices and water-related ecosystems is crucial for Ethiopia. This is due to limited information on the availability and distribution of water resources at the country scale, despite its critical role in sustainable water management, biodiversity conservation, and ecosystem resilience. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of seven water indices and select the best-performing indices for detecting surface water at country scale. Sentinel-2 data from December 1, 2021, to November 30, 2022, were used for the evaluation and processed using the Google Earth Engine. The indices were evaluated using qualitative visual inspection and quantitative accuracy indicators of overall accuracy, producer’s accuracy, and user’s accuracy. Results showed that the water index (WI) and automatic water extraction index with shadow (AWEIsh) were the most accurate ones to extract surface water. For the latter, WI and AWEIsh obtained an overall accuracy of 96% and 95%, respectively. Both indices had approximately the same spatial coverage of surface water with 82,650 km2 (WI) and 86,530 km2 (AWEIsh) for the whole of Ethiopia. The results provide a valuable insight into the extent of surface water bodies, which is essential for water resource planners and decision-makers. Such data can also play a role in monitoring the country’s reservoirs, which are important for the country’s energy and economic development. These results suggest that by applying the best-performing indices, better monitoring and management of water resources would be possible to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal 6 at the regional level.","doi":"10.1007/s10661-024-12630-1","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c5bca290fd3b22ab8f199bc0e4046f4e0b4da8e7","result_position":10,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":232484005,"title":"Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data fusion system for surface water extraction","venue":"Journal of Applied Remote Sensing","year":2021,"authors":["Mostafa Saghafi","A. Ahmadi","B. Bigdeli"],"abstract":"Abstract. Detecting and monitoring surface water has received much attention in recent decades. Surface water is one of the most critical water resources for both human and ecological systems. Remote sensing technology has made it possible to have accurate and frequent updates of surface water. We propose a remote sensing multisensor fusion system using optical data including Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 and RADAR data including Sentinel-1 for water body extraction. Using a data fusion approach, the spatial resolution of multispectral images increased from 30 to 10 m, and the spectral information of Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 were preserved. Then, all features extracted from the high spatial resolution images, water index maps, and Sentinel-1 dataset were combined as a stacked feature space. The new data were subsequently classified by support vector machine, neural network, and random forest. Finally, all classifiers’ outputs were integrated using a weighted majority voting decision fusion strategy, which significantly improved surface water extraction. Our study illustrates the ability of remote sensing multisensory fusion, water indices, and decision fusion for water body extraction.","doi":"10.1117/1.JRS.15.014521","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c699427df72a772ca2222c997e6a0aa191e418d5","result_position":11,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":221115319,"title":"Comparing Sentinel-1 Surface Water Mapping Algorithms and Radiometric Terrain Correction Processing in Southeast Asia Utilizing Google Earth Engine","venue":"Remote Sensing","year":2020,"authors":["K. Markert","Amanda M. Markert","Timothy J. Mayer","C. Nauman","A. Haag","A. Poortinga","B. Bhandari","Nyein Soe Thwal","Thannarot Kunlamai","F. Chishtie","M. Kwant","Kittiphong Phongsapan","N. Clinton","P. Towashiraporn","D. Saah"],"abstract":"Satellite remote sensing plays an important role in the monitoring of surface water for historical analysis and near real-time applications. Due to its cloud penetrating capability, many studies have focused on providing efficient and high quality methods for surface water mapping using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). However, few studies have explored the effects of SAR pre-processing steps used and the subsequent results as inputs into surface water mapping algorithms. This study leverages the Google Earth Engine to compare two unsupervised histogram-based thresholding surface water mapping algorithms utilizing two distinct pre-processed Sentinel-1 SAR datasets, specifically one with and one without terrain correction. The resulting surface water maps from the four different collections were validated with user-interpreted samples from high-resolution Planet Scope data. It was found that the overall accuracy from the four collections ranged from 92% to 95% with Cohen’s Kappa coefficients ranging from 0.7999 to 0.8427. The thresholding algorithm that samples a histogram based on water edge information performed best with a maximum accuracy of 95%. While the accuracies varied between methods it was found that there is no statistical significant difference between the errors of the different collections. Furthermore, the surface water maps generated from the terrain corrected data resulted in a intersection over union metrics of 95.8%–96.4%, showing greater spatial agreement, as compared to 92.3%–93.1% intersection over union using the non-terrain corrected data. Overall, it was found that algorithms using terrain correction yield higher overall accuracy and yielded a greater spatial agreement between methods. However, differences between the approaches presented in this paper were not found to be significant suggesting both methods are valid for generating accurate surface water maps. High accuracy surface water maps are critical to disaster planning and response efforts, thus results from this study can help inform SAR data users on the pre-processing steps needed and its effects as inputs on algorithms for surface water mapping applications.","doi":"10.3390/rs12152469","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/63cd60288efa4bb664a3370347a3059bc74c8012","result_position":12,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":85502149,"title":"Evaluating Combinations of Temporally Aggregated Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8 for Land Cover Mapping with Google Earth Engine","venue":"Remote Sensing","year":2019,"authors":["Luis Carrasco","A. O'Neil","R. D. Morton","C. Rowland"],"abstract":"Land cover mapping of large areas is challenging due to the significant volume of satellite data to acquire and process, as well as the lack of spatial continuity due to cloud cover. Temporal aggregation—the use of metrics (i.e., mean or median) derived from satellite data over a period of time—is an approach that benefits from recent increases in the frequency of free satellite data acquisition and cloud-computing power. This enables the efficient use of multi-temporal data and the exploitation of cloud-gap filling techniques for land cover mapping. Here, we provide the first formal comparison of the accuracy between land cover maps created with temporal aggregation of Sentinel-1 (S1), Sentinel-2 (S2), and Landsat-8 (L8) data from one-year and test whether this method matches the accuracy of traditional approaches. Thirty-two datasets were created for Wales by applying automated cloud-masking and temporally aggregating data over different time intervals, using Google Earth Engine. Manually processed S2 data was used for comparison using a traditional two-date composite approach. Supervised classifications were created, and their accuracy was assessed using field-based data. Temporal aggregation only matched the accuracy of the traditional two-date composite approach (77.9%) when an optimal combination of optical and radar data was used (76.5%). Combined datasets (S1, S2 or S1, S2, and L8) outperformed single-sensor datasets, while datasets based on spectral indices obtained the lowest levels of accuracy. The analysis of cloud cover showed that to ensure at least one cloud-free pixel per time interval, a maximum of two intervals per year for temporal aggregation were possible with L8, while three or four intervals could be used for S2. This study demonstrates that temporal aggregation is a promising tool for integrating large amounts of data in an efficient way and that it can compensate for the lower quality of automatic image selection and cloud masking. It also shows that combining data from different sensors can improve classification accuracy. However, this study highlights the need for identifying optimal combinations of satellite data and aggregation parameters in order to match the accuracy of manually selected and processed image composites.","doi":"10.3390/RS11030288","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9d7db21c847a8f549c0a495a7f8f1ee851c5a43a","result_position":13,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":237357564,"title":"Sentinel-1&2 Multitemporal Water Surface Detection Accuracies, Evaluated at Regional and Reservoirs Level","venue":"Remote Sensing","year":2021,"authors":["S. P. Luque","S. Ferrant","Mauricio C. R. Cordeiro","T. Ledauphin","J. Maxant","Jean-Michel Martinez"],"abstract":"Water stock monitoring is a major issue for society on a local and global scale. Sentinel-1&2 satellites provide frequent acquisitions to track water surface dynamics, proxy variables to enable water surface volume monitoring. How do we combine such observations along time for each sensor? What advantages and disadvantages of single-date, monthly or time-windowed estimations? In this context, we analysed the impact of merging information through different types and lengths of time-windows. Satellite observations were processed separately on optical (Sentinel-2) and radar (Sentinel-1) water detectors at 10 m resolution. The analysis has been applied at two scales. First, validating with 26 large scenes (110 × 110 km) in different climatic zones in France, time-windows yielded an improvement on radar detection (F1-score improved from 0.72 to 0.8 for 30 days on average logic) while optical performances remained stable (F1-score 0.89). Second, validating reservoir area estimations with 29 instrumented reservoirs (20–1250 ha), time-windows presented in all cases an improvement on both optical and radar error for any window length (5–30 days). The mean relative absolute error in optical area detection improved from 16.9% on single measurements to 12.9% using 15 days time-windows, and from 22.15% to 15.1% in radar detection). Regarding reservoir filling rates, we identified an increased negative bias for both sensors when the reservoir is nearly full. This work helped to compare accuracies of separate optical and radar capabilities, where optical statistically outperforms radar at both local and large scale to the detriment of less frequent measurements. Furthermore, we propose a geomorphological indicator of reservoirs to predict the quality of radar area monitoring (R2 = 0.58). In conclusion, we suggest the use of time-windows on operational water mapping or reservoir monitoring systems, using 10–20 days time-windows with average logic, providing more frequent and faster information to water managers in periods of crisis (e.g., water shortage) compared to monthly estimations.","doi":"10.3390/rs13163279","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fabf9f663e3a525c030368dde64927cee34c26d6","result_position":14,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":272737268,"title":"Amazon severe drought in 2023 triggered surface water loss","venue":"Environmental Research: Climate","year":2024,"authors":["Carlos M. Souza","J. Marengo","Bruno G. Ferreira","J. Ribeiro","L. W. Schirmbeck","J. Schirmbeck","Mayumi C. M. Hirye","A. Cunha","H. Wiederhecker","M. O. Latuf"],"abstract":"The Amazon underwent a severe austral springtime drought attributed to the onset of El Niño in 2023 and the warmer North Atlantic, Indian, and North Pacific Oceans. The Amazon rivers, lakes, small streams, wetlands, and reservoirs quickly lowered their water level below historical records due to decreased rainfall and warmth in the region. Based on satellite imagery, this study presents the first estimate of the water loss extent in the 4.2 million km2 of the Brazilian Amazon biome (∼62% of the Amazon total biome) in 2023. We estimated the loss of 3.3 million hectares of surface water relative to 2022, with an overall accuracy of 92%. The surface water losses were concentrated in the states of Amazonas (59.4%) and Pará (25.5), adding up to 2.8 million hectares. The warmer and drier climate in the region affected the main rivers in the Amazon. Among them, the Solimões, Negro, Purus, Acre, and Branco suffered extreme drops in their levels in some regions, resulting in a high negative impact on the aquatic biodiversity, yet estimated only in local areas. A total of 1.14 million hectares of surface water loss (i.e. 35%) was detected within protected areas territories, affecting extractivist, indegenous, African-Brazilian, and fishing and traditional communities. Proximity analysis revealed that 75% of the 2023 surface water loss was within 25 km of small towns, 48% and 65.8% at 50 km from indigenous villages and urban areas, respectively. Our results reinforce people’s vulnerability to climate change, anticipating a plausible adverse impact scenario in the Amazon region and urging solutions to adaptation and mitigation. Therefore, an integrated monitoring system based on climate and water dynamics from satellite and ground stations is necessary to improve understanding of the problem for timing response of climatic change negative impacts.","doi":"10.1088/2752-5295/ad7c71","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1f82e56568f8fe92bf13b5e5dfbb6a87589b8ace","result_position":15,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":268289738,"title":"Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing of Inland Surface Waters: A Fusion of Sentinel-1&2 Data Applied to Small Seasonal Ponds in Semiarid Environments","venue":"bioRxiv","year":2024,"authors":["Francesco Valerio","S. Godinho","Gonçalo Ferraz","Ricardo Pita","J. Gameiro","Bruno Silva","A. T. Marques","J. P. Silva"],"abstract":"Inland freshwater resources in semiarid environments play a key role in maintaining ecological systems and supporting human development. Space-based remote sensing spatiotemporal data have emerged as a new paradigm for understanding ecohydrological processes and trends, particularly in water-stressed areas. However, comprehensive cataloging is still lacking, especially in semi-arid regions and for small-sized water bodies (i.e., ponds), which are often overlooked despite their ecological relevance. In this study, high-resolution optical and radar Sentinel data (Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2) were used to construct Sentinel-1&2-based local surface water (SLSW) models, to infer surface water occurrence and extent. To assess the reliability of this model, the results were compared with verification data, and separately with Landsat-based global water (LGSW) models. Three distinct semiarid regions were selected in SW Iberia, within a Mediterranean climate, each encompassing special protection areas for conservation and subjected to marked seasonality and bioclimatic changes. Surface water attributes were modeled using Random Forests for SLSW time series forecasting, which included the period from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2021. During this period, the completeness of the archived information was compared between SLSW and LGSW, considering both intra-annual and inter-annual variations. The predictive performance of these models was then compared for specific periods (dry and wet), and each was independently validated with verification data. The results showed that SLWM achieved satisfactory predictive performances in detecting surface water occurrence (μ≈72%), with far greater completeness and reconstructed seasonality patterns compared to LGSW. The relatedness between SLSW and LGSW was stronger during wet periods (R2=0.38) than dry periods (R2=0.05), and SLSW related much better with the verification data (R2=0.66) than when compared to LGSW (R2=0.24). The proposed SLSW approach may therefore provide advantages in the delineation of dynamic surface water characteristics (occurrence and extent) in very small-sized water bodies (i.e., <0.5 ha), allowing for uninterrupted surface water time series forecasting at high spatiotemporal detail, and over extensive areas. Given the water constraints in semiarid regions and water resources vulnerability to climate change, our results show high potential for supporting a variety of activities underlying rural development and biodiversity conservation. Additionally, the socio-ecological applications of this research may help identify surface water anomalies (e.g., drought events) and enhance sustainable water supply governance, a particular priority in climate change hotspots. Highlights Surface water occurrence and extent was modeled across three semiarid regions Sentinel-1&2 data was compared with Landsat for characterizing very small water bodies Models based on Sentinel-1&2 resulted in a satisfactory classification precision Very high series completeness across seasons was found using Sentinel-1&2 data Sentinel-1&2 data was more reliable than Landsat when compared to verification data","doi":"10.1101/2024.03.03.583180","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3ada6e11ed9fa4feb24823fafca188283f3f943c","result_position":16,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":197565645,"title":"Fusion of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 image time series for permanent and temporary surface water mapping","venue":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","year":2019,"authors":["F. Bioresita","A. Puissant","A. Stumpf","J. Malet"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT Monitoring the spatial and temporal extents of permanent and temporary bodies of surface water is important for various applications such as water resource management, climate modelling, and biodiversity conservation. Satellite remote sensing is an effective source of information to detect surface water over large areas and document their evolution in time. Recently, the European Space Agency (ESA) launched freely available SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) and optical sensors (Sentinel-1 & 2) with high revisiting time and spatial resolution. The objective of this paper is to explore the contribution of multi-temporal and multi-source (passive and active) Sentinel observations for improving the detection and mapping of surface waters by applying decision-level image fusion techniques. The approach is tested over Central Ireland using a time series of 16 Sentinel-1 images and a few Sentinel-2 images for the period 2015–2016. Compared to a mono-date approach, the combination of Sentinel-1 & 2 observations provides better accuracy for mapping permanent surface water. Decision level fusion technique allows mapping temporary surface water (such as flooding) with a high accuracy. It also gives the possibility to monitor their dynamics by providing the probability of occurrence of flooded areas at the pixel level.","doi":"10.1080/01431161.2019.1624869","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9549ed0d41e369deeb2e6d3d88534764835a3b0f","result_position":17,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":276944852,"title":"Quantification of the Flood Discharge Following the 2023 Kakhovka Dam Breach Using Satellite Remote Sensing","venue":"Water Resources Research","year":2025,"authors":["Shuang-qing Yi","Hao‐si Li","Shin‐Chan Han","N. Sneeuw","Chunyu Yuan","Chunqiao Song","In‐Young Yeo","Christopher M. McCullough"],"abstract":"Fourteen months post the Ukrainian‐Russian war outbreak, the Kakhovka Dam collapsed, leading to weeks of catastrophic flooding. Yet, scant details exist regarding the reservoir draining process. By using a new technique for processing gravimetric satellite orbital observations, this study succeeded in recovering continuous changes in reservoir mass with a temporal resolution of 2–5 days. By integrating these variations with satellite imagery and altimetry data into a hydrodynamic model, we derived the effective width and length of the breach and the subsequent 30‐day evolution of the reservoir discharge. Our model reveals that the initial volumetric flow rate is (5.7±0.8)×104 $(5.7\\mathit{\\pm }0.8)\\times {10}^{4}$ m3/s, approximately 28 times the average flow of the Dnipro River. After 30 days, the water level in the reservoir had dropped by 12.6±1.1 $12.6\\mathit{\\pm }1.1$ m and its water volume was almost completely depleted by 20.4±1.4 $20.4\\mathit{\\pm }1.4$ km3. In addition, this event provides a rare opportunity to examine the discharge coefficient—a key modeling parameter—of giant reservoirs, which we find to be 0.8–1.0, significantly larger than the ∼0.6 value previously measured in the laboratory, indicating that this parameter may be related to the reservoir scale. This study demonstrates a paradigm of utilizing multiple remote sensing techniques to address observational challenges posed by extreme hydrological events.","doi":"10.1029/2024WR038314","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e3858676b5ee7371fc6ed03829c1b9c7867b20d1","result_position":18,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":273811330,"title":"Mapping global floods with 10 years of satellite radar data","venue":"Nature Communications","year":2024,"authors":["Amit Misra","Kevin White","S. Nsutezo","William Straka","Juan Lavista"],"abstract":"Floods cause extensive global damage annually, making effective monitoring essential. While satellite observations have proven invaluable for flood detection and tracking, comprehensive global flood datasets spanning extended time periods remain scarce. In this study, we introduce a deep learning flood detection model that leverages the cloud-penetrating capabilities of Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite imagery, enabling consistent flood extent mapping through cloud cover and in both day and night conditions. By applying this model to 10 years of SAR data, we create a unique, longitudinal global flood extent dataset with predictions unaffected by cloud coverage, offering comprehensive and consistent insights into historically flood-prone areas over the past decade. We use our model predictions to identify historically flood-prone areas in Ethiopia and demonstrate real-time disaster response capabilities during the May 2024 floods in Kenya. Additionally, our longitudinal analysis reveals potential increasing trends in global flood extent over time, although further validation is required to explore links to climate change. To maximize impact, we provide public access to both our model predictions and a code repository, empowering researchers and practitioners worldwide to advance flood monitoring and enhance disaster response strategies. Analysis of 10 years of satellite radar data with a deep learning model reveals historical flood patterns often missed in prior datasets. This dataset also enables analysis of trends in flooding, showing hints of increases in flood extent over time.","doi":"10.1038/s41467-025-60973-1","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a8b8364dda05ec1539a4e321af3b89746d9cd7ce","result_position":19,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":266743501,"title":"Satellite mapping reveals extensive industrial activity at sea","venue":"Nature","year":2024,"authors":["Fernando S Paolo","D. Kroodsma","J. Raynor","Timothy Hochberg","P. Davis","Jesse Cleary","Luca Marsaglia","Sara Orofino","Christian Thomas","Patrick N. Halpin"],"abstract":"The world’s population increasingly relies on the ocean for food, energy production and global trade^ 1 – 3 , yet human activities at sea are not well quantified^ 4 , 5 . We combine satellite imagery, vessel GPS data and deep-learning models to map industrial vessel activities and offshore energy infrastructure across the world’s coastal waters from 2017 to 2021. We find that 72–76% of the world’s industrial fishing vessels are not publicly tracked, with much of that fishing taking place around South Asia, Southeast Asia and Africa. We also find that 21–30% of transport and energy vessel activity is missing from public tracking systems. Globally, fishing decreased by 12 ± 1% at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and had not recovered to pre-pandemic levels by 2021. By contrast, transport and energy vessel activities were relatively unaffected during the same period. Offshore wind is growing rapidly, with most wind turbines confined to small areas of the ocean but surpassing the number of oil structures in 2021. Our map of ocean industrialization reveals changes in some of the most extensive and economically important human activities at sea. Satellite imagery, vessel GPS data and deep-learning models are used to map industrial fishing vessel activities missing from public tracking systems and changes in offshore energy infrastructure in the world’s coastal waters during 2017–2021.","doi":"10.1038/s41586-023-06825-8","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ab921ddb86682eb28364031b36436c546506ea78","result_position":20,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":260076793,"title":"Monitoring Braided River-Bed Dynamics at the Sub-Event Time Scale Using Time Series of Sentinel-1 SAR Imagery","venue":"Remote Sensing","year":2023,"authors":["D. Rossi","G. Zolezzi","W. Bertoldi","A. Vitti"],"abstract":"Remote sensing plays a central role in the assessment of environmental phenomena and has increasingly become a powerful tool for monitoring shorelines, river morphology, flood-wave delineation and flood assessment. Optical-based monitoring and the characterization of river evolution at long time scales is a key tool in fluvial geomorphology. However, the evolution occurring during extreme events is crucial for the understanding of the river dynamics under severe flow conditions and requires the processing of data from active sensors to overcome cloud obstructions. This work proposes a cloud-based unsupervised algorithm for the intra-event monitoring of river dynamics during extreme flow conditions based on the time series of Sentinel-1 SAR data. The method allows the extraction of multi-temporal series of spatially explicit geometric parameters at high temporal and spatial resolutions, linking them to the hydrometric levels acquired by reference gauge stations. The intra-event reconstruction of inundation dynamics has led to (1) the estimation of the relationship between hydrometric level and wet area extension and (2) the assessment of bank erosion phenomena. In the first case, the behavior exhibits a change when the hydrometric level exceeds 1 m. In the second case, the erosion rate and cumulative lateral erosion were evaluated. The maximum erosion velocity was greater than 1 m/h, while the cumulative lateral erosion reached 130 m. Time series of SAR acquisitions, provided by Sentinel-1 satellites, were analyzed to quantify changes in the wet area of a reach of the Tagliamento river under different flow conditions. The algorithm, developed within the Python-API of GEE, can support many types of analyses of river dynamics, including morphological changes, floods monitoring, and bio-physical habitat dynamics. The results encourage future advancements and applications of the algorithm, specifically exploring SAR data from ICEYE and Capella Space constellations, which offer significantly higher spatial and temporal resolutions compared to Sentinel-1 data.","doi":"10.3390/rs15143622","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9b86e21b77b20fea2415fa0c37999fd9486b3d3f","result_position":21,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":34932756,"title":"Detection of Irrigated Crops from Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 Data to Estimate Seasonal Groundwater Use in South India","venue":"Remote Sensing","year":2017,"authors":["S. Ferrant","A. Selles","M. L. Page","Pierre-Alexis Herrault","Charlotte Pelletier","Ahmad Al Bitar","S. Mérmoz","S. Gascoin","A. Bouvet","M. Saqalli","B. Dewandel","Y. Caballero","Shakeel Ahmed","J. Maréchal","Y. Kerr"],"abstract":"Indian agriculture relies on monsoon rainfall and irrigation from surface and groundwater. The interannual variability of monsoon rainfalls is high, which forces South Indian farmers to adapt their irrigated areas to local water availability. In this study, we have developed and tested a methodology for monitoring these spatiotemporal variations using Sentinel-1 and -2 observations over the Kudaliar catchment, Telangana State (~1000 km2). These free radar and optical data have been acquired since 2015 on a weekly basis over continental areas, at a high spatial resolution (10–20 m) that is well adapted to the small areas of South Indian field crops. A machine learning algorithm, the Random Forest method, was used over three growing seasons (January to March and July to November 2016 and January to March 2017) to classify small patches of inundated rice paddy, maize, and other irrigated crops, as well as surface water stored in the small reservoirs scattered across the landscape. The crop production comprises only irrigated crops (less than 20% of the areas) during the dry season (Rabi, December to March), to which rain-fed cotton is added to reach 60% of the areas during the monsoon season (Kharif, June to November). Sentinel-1 radar backscatter provides useful observations during the cloudy monsoon season. The lowest irrigated area totals were found during Rabi 2016 and Kharif 2016, accounting for 3.5 and 5% with moderate classification confusion. This confusion decreases with increasing areas of irrigated crops during Rabi 2017. During this season, 16% of rice and 6% of irrigated crops were detected after the exceptional rainfalls observed in September. Surface water in small surface reservoirs reached 3% of the total area, which corresponds to a high value. The use of both Sentinel datasets improves the method accuracy and strengthens our confidence in the resulting maps. This methodology shows the potential of automatically monitoring, in near real time, the high short term variability of irrigated area totals in South India, as a proxy for estimating irrigated water and groundwater needs. These are estimated over the study period to range from 49.5 ± 0.78 mm (1.5% uncertainty) in Rabi 2016, and 44.9 ± 2.9 mm (6.5% uncertainty) in the Kharif season, to 226.2 ± 5.8 mm (2.5% uncertainty) in Rabi 2017. This variation must be related to groundwater recharge estimates that range from 10 mm to 160 mm·yr−1 in the Hyderabad region. These dynamic agro-hydrological variables estimated from Sentinel remote sensing data are crucial in calibrating runoff, aquifer recharge, water use and evapotranspiration for the spatially distributed agro-hydrological models employed to quantify the impacts of agriculture on water resources.","doi":"10.3390/RS9111119","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0b6c43681c9eb974216473a8edb8f1fb2da721f6","result_position":22,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":237390499,"title":"MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT OF AGRI-URBAN LAND CONVERSION USING MULTI-SENSOR REMOTE SENSING AND GIS TECHNIQUES","venue":"","year":2021,"authors":["D. Fargas Jr.","G. Narciso","A. Blanco"],"abstract":"Continuous agricultural land conversion poses threat to food security but this has not been monitored due to ineffectual policies. One of the Philippine provinces with a high rate of conversion is the rice-producing province of Cavite. To assess the spatiotemporal dynamics of agricultural land conversion in Cavite, this study aims to develop an operational methodology to produce Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) change maps using a multi-sensor remote sensing approach for decision making and planning. LULC maps were generated using Random Forest Classification of Landsat 8 and Sentinel-1 image collections. Spectral indices, combinations of radar polarizations (VV, VH), and their principal components were included to improve its accuracy. Conversion maps were generated by taking the bi-annual difference of LULC maps from 2016 to 2019. Accuracy was assessed using visual inspection with Google Earth Pro. Classification was carried out using single-sensor (optical or radar) and multi-sensor (optical and radar) approach in combination with three feature selection algorithms, namely, Sandri and Zuccolotto (2006), Liaw and Wiener (2015), Kursa and Rudnicki (2010). Multi-sensor and single sensor yielded similarly high overall accuracies (OA = 96%) with the exception of single-sensor radar approach (OA = 53%). Multi-sensor approaches exhibit high accuracies (Cumulative Accuracy = 91%) in detecting agricultural to built-up LULC change up to 5,000 square meters unlike single-sensor optical approach (Cumulative Accuracy = 76%). Among the multi-sensor approaches, the method of Liaw and Wiener (2015) remains to be superior as it only uses eight (8) variables.","doi":"10.5194/isprs-annals-v-3-2021-117-2021","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5c732a2a23e572faa4f1bf7de63d67e01446a3e6","result_position":23,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":253054964,"title":"Tracking transient boreal wetland inundation with Sentinel-1 SAR: Peace-Athabasca Delta, Alberta and Yukon Flats, Alaska","venue":"GIScience & Remote Sensing","year":2022,"authors":["Changzhu Huang","L. Smith","E. Kyzivat","J. Fayne","Yisen Ming","C. Spence"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT Accurate and frequent mapping of transient wetland inundation in the boreal region is critical for monitoring the ecological and societal functions of wetlands. Satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has long been used to map wetlands due to its sensitivity to surface inundation and ability to penetrate clouds, darkness, and certain vegetation canopies. Here, we track boreal wetland inundation by developing a two-step modified decision-tree algorithm implemented in Google Earth Engine using Sentinel-1 C-band SAR and Sentinel-2 Multispectral Instrument (MSI) time-series data as inputs. This approach incorporates temporal as well as spatial characteristics of SAR backscatter and is evaluated for the Peace-Athabasca Delta, Alberta (PAD), and Yukon Flats, Alaska (YF) from May 2017 to October 2019. Within these two boreal study areas, we map spatiotemporal patterns in wetland inundation classes of Open Water (OW), Floating Plants (FP), Emergent Plants (EP), and Flooded Vegetation (FV). Temporal variability, frequency, and maximum extents of transient wetland inundation are quantified. Retrieved inundation estimates are compared with in-situ field mapping obtained during the NASA Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE), and a multi-temporal Landsat-derived surface water map. Over the 2017–2019 study period, we find that fractional inundation area ranged from 18.0% to 19.0% in the PAD, and from 10.7% to 12.1% in the YF. Transient wetland inundation covered ~595 km2 of the PAD, comprising ~9.1% of its landscape, and ~102 km2 of the YF, comprising ~3.6%. The implications of these findings for wetland function monitoring, and estimating landscape-scale methane emissions are discussed, together with limitations and uncertainties of our approach. We conclude that time series of Sentinel-1 C-band SAR backscatter, screened with Sentinel-2 MSI optical imagery and validated by field measurements, offer a valuable tool for tracking transient boreal wetland inundation. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","doi":"10.1080/15481603.2022.2134620","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7c31c0499459d7ee3cf7b50c621209d52cc0b8bf","result_position":24,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":235097929,"title":"The deadliest tropical cyclone ‘Amphan’: investigate the natural flood inundation over south 24 Parganas using google earth engine","venue":"Safety in Extreme Environments","year":2021,"authors":["B. Halder","S. Das","Jatisankar Bandyopadhyay","Papiya Banik"],"abstract":"Climate change is hammering the environment, socio-economic condition, vegetation degradation, earth surface change and over the land losses. In between 2019 and 2020, West Bengal people are facing three major cyclones like, Fani, Bulbul and the last was Amphan. Those natural disasters were affected in vegetation, hammering crop production, water quality change, life losses and affected in the ecosystem. 20th May 2020 Amphan was entering in West Bengal and occur several damaged. Seventy two people of West Bengal were lost their life and several months over the southern parts of West Bengal are facing huge land scarcity and salt-water intrusion on the mainland. Over 13.6 billion dollar was losses due to this cyclone. Google Earth Engine (GEE) is a cloud-based platform to detect earth observation using high spatial satellite data with planetary-scale analysis capabilities. C-band Sentinel-1A Synthetic Aperture Radar is used to identifying the flood inundation on Google Earth Engine (GEE). Landsat 8 OLI data is used for MNDWI calculation on this area. Pre-Amphan and during Amphan two satellite data are clearly showing the water increased area. The Coastal area like Sagar Island (154.254 Sq.km), Ghoramara Island, Mousuni Island, G-Plot, L-Block and some parts of riverside most affected by this cyclone. Kultali (187.254 Sq.km) followed by Kulpi (156.86 Sq.km), Namkhana (198.485 Sq.km) and Basanti (129.53 Sq.km) area under flooded during this cyclone. During COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing is the main problem on cyclone shelter house and relief camp. This area has faced those two disasters at the same time.","doi":"10.1007/s42797-021-00035-z","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cc19aa63abf62c37ac07bbe6d33f042b09d5eac3","result_position":25,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":249267108,"title":"RGB-BASED DEEP SURFACE WATER CONTOUR DETECTION","venue":"The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences","year":2022,"authors":["A. Alsamman","M. Syed"],"abstract":"Abstract. The application of remote monitoring of surface water has focused primarily on the detection of water bodies using expensive multi-spectral IR sensors. However, critical information about surface water bodies, particularly the dynamic behavior, is better derived from water contours. We show that water body detection is inadequate in accurately capturing the contours. Furthermore, we argue that RGB-based detection should be sufficient for accurate water detection. We present a new global dataset of remote sensing images obtained from Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 missions and contour labeled to assist in this effort. We propose a unique UNet-style contour detection system that utilizes multiscale filters to detect contours accurately. Comparisons between our proposed system, existing water detection, and other segmentation and contour detection systems show the system's effectiveness in detecting water.\n","doi":"10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b3-2022-827-2022","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f04dee7e305b162680c6c273fc5753fcecb146fe","result_position":26,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":248676957,"title":"Detection of Flood Extent Using Sentinel-1A/B Synthetic Aperture Radar: An Application for Hurricane Harvey, Houston, TX","venue":"Remote Sensing","year":2022,"authors":["K. Tiampo","Lingcao Huang","Conor Simmons","Clay Woods","M. Glasscoe"],"abstract":"The increasing number of flood events combined with coastal urbanization has contributed to significant economic losses and damage to buildings and infrastructure. Development of higher resolution SAR flood mapping that accurately identifies flood features at all scales can be incorporated into operational flood forecasting tools, improving response and resilience to large flood events. Here, we present a comparison of several methods for characterizing flood inundation using a combination of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) remote sensing data and machine learning methods. We implement two applications with SAR GRD data, an amplitude thresholding technique applied, for the first time, to Sentinel-1A/B SAR data, and a machine learning technique, DeepLabv3+. We also apply DeepLabv3+ to a false color RGB characterization of dual polarization SAR data. Analyses at 10 m pixel spacing are performed for the major flood event associated with Hurricane Harvey and associated inundation in Houston, TX in August of 2017. We compare these results with high-resolution aerial optical images over this time period, acquired by the NOAA Remote Sensing Division. We compare the results with NDWI produced from Sentinel-2 images, also at 10 m pixel spacing, and statistical testing suggests that the amplitude thresholding technique is the most effective, although the machine learning analysis is successful at reproducing the inundation shape and extent. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of flood inundation mapping at unprecedented resolutions and its potential for use in operational emergency hazard response to large flood events.","doi":"10.3390/rs14092261","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6e7d903c4727078f18c7d6d19ca47f17a921fe18","result_position":27,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":258262733,"title":"Using Sentinel-1 and Google Earth Engine cloud computing for detecting historical flood hazards in tropical urban regions: a case of Dar es Salaam","venue":"Geomatics, Natural Hazards & Risk","year":2023,"authors":["Biadgilgn Demissie","S. Vanhuysse","T. Grippa","C. Flasse","E. Wolff"],"abstract":"Abstract This study investigates the potential of freely available Sentinel-1 imagery coupled with Google Earth Engine (GEE) for mapping and monitoring flooding in Dar es Salaam. Sentinel-1 images (n = 55) available during the rainy season (March–May) since 2016 were used and processed in GEE. For separating water and land surfaces, we used a histogram-based automatic thresholding method. The binarization accuracy was assessed using confusion matrix based on 1064 randomly generated points in GEE. Overall accuracy of 95% (Kappa = 0.90) were achieved. Dar es Salaam has experienced flood inundation per flood event on average over an area of 50 km2 in March 2019 and 2021. Territories located along the Ocean and inland water shores, built and bare ground were subject to flooding compared to other land cover types. Flooding inundations have been difficult to detect in the city center. With the current temporal and spatial resolution of Sentinel-1, flood detection in city centers remains a challenge yet. However, Sentinel-1 images, coupled with GEE cloud computing simplified flood mapping and monitoring in a large urban region and this approach can be applied in other large cities and their surroundings for countries where data gap and lack of processing tools are critical challenges.","doi":"10.1080/19475705.2023.2202296","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/269fb2adf1a2433c6b45957e811bc04cd2a43c79","result_position":28,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":53944028,"title":"Long-Term Surface Water Dynamics Analysis Based on Landsat Imagery and the Google Earth Engine Platform: A Case Study in the Middle Yangtze River Basin","venue":"Remote Sensing","year":2018,"authors":["Chao Wang","M. Jia","Nengcheng Chen","Wei Wang"],"abstract":"Dynamics of surface water is of great significance to understand the impacts of global changes and human activities on water resources. Remote sensing provides many advantages in monitoring surface water; however, in large scale, the efficiency of traditional remote sensing methods is extremely low because these methods consume a high amount of manpower, storage, and computing resources. In this paper, we propose a new method for quickly determining what the annual maximal and minimal surface water extent is. The maximal and minimal water extent in the year of 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2017 in the Middle Yangtze River Basin in China were calculated on the Google Earth Engine platform. This approach takes full advantage of the data and computing advantages of the Google Earth Engine’s cloud platform, processed 2343 scenes of Landsat images. Firstly, based on the estimated value of cloud cover for each pixel, the high cloud covered pixels were removed to eliminate the cloud interference and improve the calculation efficiency. Secondly, the annual greenest and wettest images were mosaiced based on vegetation index and surface water index, then the minimum and maximum surface water extents were obtained by the Random Forest Classification. Results showed that (1) the yearly minimal surface water extents were 14,751.23 km2, 14,403.48 km2, 13,601.48 km2, and 15,697.42 km2, in the year of 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2017, respectively. (2) The yearly maximal surface water extents were 18,174.76 km2, 20,671.83 km2, 19,097.73 km2, and 18,235.95 km2, in the year of 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2017, respectively. (3) The accuracies of surface water classification ranged from 86% to 93%. Additionally, the causes of these changes were analyzed. The accuracy evaluation and comparison with other research results show that this method is reliable, novel, and fast in terms of calculating the maximal and minimal surface water extent. In addition, the proposed method can easily be implemented in other regions worldwide.","doi":"10.3390/rs10101635","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7b89888252dcbee205399b010c93f2b107a4e6d5","result_position":29,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":261631258,"title":"Investigation of Meteorological Effects on Çivril Lake, Turkey, with Sentinel-2 Data on Google Earth Engine Platform","venue":"Sustainability","year":2023,"authors":["Pinar Karakus"],"abstract":"Lakes and reservoirs, comprising surface water bodies that vary significantly seasonally, play an essential role in the global water cycle due to their ability to hold, store, and clean water. They are crucial to our planet’s ecology and climate systems. This study analyzed Harmonized Sentinel-2 images using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform to examine the short-term changes in the surface water bodies of Çivril Lake from March 2018 to March 2023 with meteorological data and lake surface water temperature (LSWT). This study used the Sentinel-2 Level-2A archive, a cloud filter, the NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index), NDWI (normalized difference water index), MNDWI (modified NDWI), and SWI (Sentinel water index) methods on lake surfaces utilizing the GEE platform and the random forests (RFs) method to calculate the water surface areas. The information on the water surfaces collected between March 2018 and March 2023 was used to track the trend of changes in the lake’s area. The seasonal (spring, summer, autumn, and winter) yearly and monthly changes in water areas were identified. Precipitation, evaporation, and temperature are gathered meteorological parameters that impact the observed variation in surface water bodies for the same area. The correlations between the lake area reduction and the chosen meteorological parameters revealed a strong positive or negative significant association. Meteorological parameters and human activities selected during different seasons, months, and years have directly affected the shrinkage of the lake area.","doi":"10.3390/su151813398","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1272ecbd51bca8d31b2bd29114ef180a09430033","result_position":30,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":209436799,"title":"Statistical Analysis of Changes in Sentinel-1 Time Series on the Google Earth Engine","venue":"Remote Sensing","year":2019,"authors":["M. Canty","A. Nielsen","K. Conradsen","H. Skriver"],"abstract":"Time series analysis of Sentinel-1 SAR imagery made available by the Google Earth Engine (GEE) is described. Advantage is taken of a recent modification of a sequential complex Wishart-based algorithm which is applicable to the dual polarization intensity data archived on the GEE. Both the algorithm and a software interface to the GEE Python API for convenient data exploration and analysis are presented; the latter can be run from a platform independent Docker container and the source code is available on GitHub. Application examples are given involving the monitoring of anthropogenic activity (shipping, uranium mining, deforestation) and disaster assessment (flash floods). These highlight the advantages of the good temporal resolution resulting from cloud cover independence, short revisit times and near real time data availability.","doi":"10.3390/rs12010046","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ccc7987976cfca847351e4d2d011049a52da640f","result_position":31,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":258935111,"title":"A New and Automated Method for Improving Georeferencing in Nighttime Thermal ECOSTRESS Imagery","venue":"Italian National Conference on Sensors","year":2023,"authors":["Agnieszka Soszyńska","H. Werff","J. Hieronymus","C. Hecker"],"abstract":"Georeferencing accuracy plays a crucial role in providing high-quality ready-to-use remote sensing data. The georeferencing of nighttime thermal satellite imagery conducted by matching to a basemap is challenging due to the complexity of thermal radiation patterns in the diurnal cycle and the coarse resolution of thermal sensors in comparison to sensors used for imaging in the visual spectral range (which is typically used for creating basemaps). The presented paper introduces a novel approach for the improvement of the georeferencing of nighttime thermal ECOSTRESS imagery: an up-to-date reference is created for each to-be-georeferenced image, derived from land cover classification products. In the proposed method, edges of water bodies are used as matching objects, since water bodies exhibit a relatively high contrast with adjacent areas in nighttime thermal infrared imagery. The method was tested on imagery of the East African Rift and validated using manually set ground control check points. The results show that the proposed method improves the existing georeferencing of the tested ECOSTRESS images by 12.0 pixels on average. The strongest source of uncertainty for the proposed method is the accuracy of cloud masks because cloud edges can be mistaken for water body edges and included in fitting transformation parameters. The georeferencing improvement method is based on the physical properties of radiation for land masses and water bodies, which makes it potentially globally applicable, and is feasible to use with nighttime thermal infrared data from different sensors.","doi":"10.3390/s23115079","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b98ad8616de93be50f02d70c676853cbb0b21a78","result_position":32,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":265579369,"title":"Available satellite data for monitoring small and seasonally flooded wetlands in semi‐arid environments of southern Africa","venue":"Ecohydrology","year":2023,"authors":["Siyamthanda Gxokwe","Timothy Dube","Dominic Mazvimavi"],"abstract":"Time‐series monitoring of wetland eco‐hydrological dynamics using remote sensing continues to be an attractive and practical tool, mainly due to its ability to overcome challenges related to in situ data availability. However, acquiring seamless and cloud‐free data for accurate and routine wetlands monitoring remains a persistent challenge. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the availability of satellite scenes in the Google Earth Engine (GEE) catalogue that could facilitate the monitoring of eco‐hydrological dynamics in small and seasonally flooded wetlands within the semi‐arid environments of southern Africa. The study covered a 20‐year period from 2000 to 2020, with a specific focus on the Nylsvley floodplain as a case study. The study conducted a comprehensive assessment of available products on the GEE platform, including Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM), Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+), Operational Land Imager (OLI), Sentinel‐1 and Sentinel‐2. The identified images underwent rigorous filtering and screening based on varying cloud‐cover percentages (0%, 1%–10%, 11%–25% and 26%–50%). The results revealed a considerable number of satellite products (1376) available for the study period. Specifically, there were 492 Landsat images, 394 Sentinel‐1 images and 490 Sentinel‐2 images. Amongst these, Sentinel‐2 and Landsat‐7 had the highest number of images (69% and 76%, respectively) with cloud‐cover percentages ranging from 0% to 20%. However, images with cloud cover exceeding 26% were excluded from the analysis. Further analysis indicated that using satellite images with 0% cloud cover resulted in an overall accuracy (OA) ranging between 69% and 72%, while 1%–10% cloud cover had an OA ranging between 68% and 70%, and 11%–25% cloud cover had an OA ranging between 69% and 80.55% for both the dry and wet seasons. Overall, the classification results demonstrated satisfactory OAs (68%–82%) for all scenes, with some inaccuracies observed for certain classes, notably bare surface and long grass. These inaccuracies were particularly evident when using Landsat‐7 scenes, attributable to the spatial resolution of the data. The findings emphasised the availability of a substantial amount of archival satellite data, capable of monitoring small and seasonally flooded wetlands, providing valuable insights into the eco‐hydrological dynamics of these ecosystems. Moreover, the study highlighted the benefits of cloud‐computing platforms like GEE in addressing challenges associated with big data filtering, processing and analytics, thereby enhancing environmental monitoring and assessments, which may have been limited by the unavailability of advanced processing tools and seamless cloud‐free data.","doi":"10.1002/eco.2605","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8f64f7d60fc6484379a2563ac01d9767c3abc748","result_position":33,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":277735768,"title":"Remote sensing with machine learning for multi-decadal surface water monitoring in Ethiopia","venue":"Scientific Reports","year":2025,"authors":["Mathias Tesfaye","Lutz Breuer"],"abstract":"Monitoring the temporal evolution of surface water distribution is crucial to support surface water management and conservation, and could also effectively contribute to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6) ‘Clean Water and Sanitation’ at the regional level. Despite its importance, there is a lack of an operational method for determining surface water extent that also shows the interannual variability in Ethiopia. We assess Gradient Tree Boosting (GTB), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Random Forest (RF) running on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) using Landsat for surface water monitoring at four sites in Ethiopia from 1986 to 2023. The results show that GTB, RF, and SVM have excellent classification accuracies, with overall, producer, and user accuracies consistently above 90%. GTB slightly outperforms the other two machine learning methods. The estimated water cover for our study sites shows a high degree of agreement with a benchmark dataset from the Joint Research Center (JRC), as indicated by coefficient of determination (R2) > 0.9 and root mean square percentage error (RMSPE) < 1%. The surface water dynamics of the four study sites depict a long-term increasing trend from 1986 to 2023, characterized by notable inter-annual variability. We identify the locations of this variability by analyzing the frequency of water occurrence over time and find that 84–94% are permanent water bodies, with the remaining water surface area changing over time. Mann–Kendall trend analysis does not confirm a general pattern over time for the four sites, suggesting that local site characteristics, water management and anthropogenic impacts are superimposed on the likely effects of climate change. Therefore, our results provide spatiotemporal information for surface water monitoring to support water resource management and policy in Ethiopia. This could also effectively contribute to the sustainable use and achievement of SDG 6 at the regional level.","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-96955-y","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/81d1517ddc2aaa0b1f828e5c4772308091c6bd7d","result_position":34,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":277786991,"title":"A comprehensive review of remote sensing in wetland classification and mapping","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["S. Yuan","Xiangan Liang","Tianwu Lin","Shuang Chen","Rui Liu","Jie Wang","Hongsheng Zhang","Peng Gong"],"abstract":"Wetlands constitute critical ecosystems that support both biodiversity and human well-being; however, they have experienced a significant decline since the 20th century. Back in the 1970s, researchers began to employ remote sensing technologies for wetland classification and mapping to elucidate the extent and variations of wetlands. Although some review articles summarized the development of this field, there is a lack of a thorough and in-depth understanding of wetland classification and mapping: (1) the scientific importance of wetlands, (2) major data, methods used in wetland classification and mapping, (3) driving factors of wetland changes, (4) current research paradigm and limitations, (5) challenges and opportunities in wetland classification and mapping under the context of technological innovation and global environmental change. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive perspective and new insights into wetland classification and mapping for readers to answer these questions. First, we conduct a meta-analysis of over 1,200 papers, encompassing wetland types, methods, sensor types, and study sites, examining prevailing trends in wetland classification and mapping. Next, we review and synthesize the wetland features and existing data and methods in wetland classification and mapping. We also summarize typical wetland mapping products and explore the intrinsic driving factors of wetland changes across multiple spatial and temporal scales. Finally, we discuss current limitations and propose future directions in response to global environmental change and technological innovation. This review consolidates our understanding of wetland remote sensing and offers scientific recommendations that foster transformative progress in wetland science.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2504.10842","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/82ac1bcac93cb545f8b0b4dcd547ac49840d36d2","result_position":35,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":132700375,"title":"Mapping Wetland Dynamics With SAR-Based Change Detection in the Cloud","venue":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","year":2019,"authors":["Javier Muro","Adrian Strauch","E. Fitoka","Maria Tompoulidou","Frank Thonfeld"],"abstract":"The wetlands are often coupled with anthropogenic systems. This makes them highly dynamic, and thus difficult to map and monitor from space. The Sentinel-1 constellation allows monitoring land changes regardless of cloud conditions and with a high frequency of pass. We use a time series of 33 Sentinel-1 dual-polarized images from 2016 to map seasonal changes at the artificial Lake of Kerkini, in Greece. The images are accessed and processed in Google Earth Engine via a Flask web application. Points of change within the time series and frequency of change were determined according to an omnibus-test statistic. The results were compared to an optical-based land cover map and gaging measurements. Frequency of change patterns matched different land cover types, indicating that frequency of change is related to the physical and structural properties of the land cover. This methodology can be used operationally to improve our understanding of ecosystems, enhance land cover maps, and to monitor wetland dynamics as well as cover changes caused by human activities.","doi":"10.1109/LGRS.2019.2903596","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0cd5a87edf044dfa220f2e83e001eb8eca2e3e98","result_position":36,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":205252568,"title":"High-resolution mapping of global surface water and its long-term changes","venue":"Nature","year":2016,"authors":["Jean-François Pekel","A. Cottam","N. Gorelick","A. Belward"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1038/nature20584","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f55d60ce22f6beaa659e061efc444bd3a2a24ace","result_position":37,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":244084901,"title":"Automated Training Data Generation from Spectral Indexes for Mapping Surface Water Extent with Sentinel-2 Satellite Imagery at 10 m and 20 m Resolutions","venue":"Remote Sensing","year":2021,"authors":["K. Lasko","Megan C. Maloney","S. J. Becker","Andrew W. H. Griffin","Susan L. Lyon","S. Griffin"],"abstract":"This study presents an automated methodology to generate training data for surface water mapping from a single Sentinel-2 granule at 10 m (4 band, VIS/NIR) or 20 m (9 band, VIS/NIR/SWIR) resolution without the need for ancillary training data layers. The 20 m method incorporates an ensemble of three spectral indexes with optimal band thresholds, whereas the 10 m method achieves similar results using fewer bands and a single spectral index. A spectrally balanced and randomly generated set of training data based on the index values and optimal thresholds is used to fit machine learning classifiers. Statistical validation compares the 20 m ensemble-only method to the 20 m ensemble method with a random forest classifier. Results show the 20 m ensemble-only method had an overall accuracy of 89.5% (±1.7%), whereas the ensemble method combined with the random forest classifier performed better, with a ~4.8% higher overall accuracy: 20 m method (94.3% (±1.3%)) with optimal spectral index and SWIR thresholds of −0.03 and 800, respectively, and 10 m method (93.4% (±1.5%)) with optimal spectral index and NIR thresholds of −0.01 and 800, respectively. Comparison of other supervised classifiers trained automatically with the framework typically resulted in less than 1% accuracy improvement compared with the random forest, suggesting that training data quality is more important than classifier type. This straightforward framework enables accurate surface water classification across diverse geographies, making it ideal for development into a decision support tool for water resource managers.","doi":"10.3390/rs13224531","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/56692fab5662b0ddaad39e8b50e6e6b746273125","result_position":38,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":115138040,"title":"Mapping Plantations in Myanmar by Fusing Landsat-8, Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-1 Data along with Systematic Error Quantification","venue":"Remote Sensing","year":2019,"authors":["A. Poortinga","Karis Tenneson","A. Shapiro","Quyen Nquyen","K. S. Aung","F. Chishtie","D. Saah"],"abstract":"Forests in Southeast Asia are experiencing some of the highest rates of deforestation and degradation in the world, with natural forest species being replaced by cropland and plantation monoculture. In this work, we have developed an innovative method to accurately map rubber and palm oil plantations using fusion of Landsat-8, Sentinel 1 and 2. We applied cloud and shadow masking, bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF), atmospheric and topographic corrections to the optical imagery and a speckle filter and harmonics for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data. In this workflow, we created yearly composites for all sensors and combined the data into a single composite. A series of covariates were calculated from optical bands and sampled using reference data of the land cover classes including surface water, forest, urban and built-up, cropland, rubber, palm oil and mangrove. This training dataset was used to create biophysical probability layers (primitives) for each class. These primitives were then used to create land cover and probability maps in a decision tree logic and Monte-Carlo simulations. Validation showed good overall accuracy (84%) for the years 2017 and 2018. Filtering for validation points with high error estimates improved the accuracy up to 91%. We demonstrated and concluded that error quantification is an essential step in land cover classification and land cover change detection. Our overall analysis supports and presents a path for improving present assessments for sustainable supply chain analyses and associated recommendations.","doi":"10.3390/RS11070831","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a784ab055fce78b357b3d51e730ba699c7f16b9e","result_position":39,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":235480871,"title":"Accurate extraction of surface water in complex environment based on Google Earth Engine and Sentinel-2","venue":"PLoS ONE","year":2021,"authors":["Jianfeng Li","B. Peng","Yulu Wei","Huping Ye"],"abstract":"To realize the accurate extraction of surface water in complex environment, this study takes Sri Lanka as the study area owing to the complex geography and various types of water bodies. Based on Google Earth engine and Sentinel-2 images, an automatic water extraction model in complex environment(AWECE) was developed. The accuracy of water extraction by AWECE, NDWI, MNDWI and the revised version of multi-spectral water index (MuWI-R) models was evaluated from visual interpretation and quantitative analysis. The results show that the AWECE model could significantly improve the accuracy of water extraction in complex environment, with an overall accuracy of 97.16%, and an extremely low omission error (0.74%) and commission error (2.35%). The AEWCE model could effectively avoid the influence of cloud shadow, mountain shadow and paddy soil on water extraction accuracy. The model can be widely applied in cloudy, mountainous and other areas with complex environments, which has important practical significance for water resources investigation, monitoring and protection.","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0253209","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2d94e817f0ee3424c2b478565a8c07213bf73bd4","result_position":40,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":238417330,"title":"Improving Urban Land Cover Classification with Combined Use of Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-1 Imagery","venue":"ISPRS Int. J. Geo Inf.","year":2021,"authors":["Bin Hu","Yongyang Xu","Xiao Huang","Q. Cheng","Qing Ding","Linze Bai","Yan Li"],"abstract":"Accurate land cover mapping is important for urban planning and management. Remote sensing data have been widely applied for urban land cover mapping. However, obtaining land cover classification via optical remote sensing data alone is difficult due to spectral confusion. To reduce the confusion between dark impervious surface and water, the Sentinel-1A Synthetic Aperture Rader (SAR) data are synergistically combined with the Sentinel-2B Multispectral Instrument (MSI) data. The novel support vector machine with composite kernels (SVM-CK) approach, which can exploit the spatial information, is proposed to process the combination of Sentinel-2B MSI and Sentinel-1A SAR data. The classification based on the fusion of Sentinel-2B and Sentinel-1A data yields an overall accuracy (OA) of 92.12% with a kappa coefficient (KA) of 0.89, superior to the classification results using Sentinel-2B MSI imagery and Sentinel-1A SAR imagery separately. The results indicate that the inclusion of Sentinel-1A SAR data to Sentinel-2B MSI data can improve the classification performance by reducing the confusion between built-up area and water. This study shows that the land cover classification can be improved by fusing Sentinel-2B and Sentinel-1A imagery.","doi":"10.3390/ijgi10080533","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c0ccf6c9026547ee2de6782b81172774fe08ab88","result_position":41,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":229193206,"title":"Pyrgi: analysis of possible climatic effects on a coastal archaeological site","venue":"","year":2020,"authors":["V. Coletta","P. Allasia","A. Bonazza","A. Ciarravano","S. Federico","D. Notti","F. Prestileo","R. C. Torcasio","M. Crespi","S. Dietrich"],"abstract":"This work refers to an interdisciplinary study on the archaeological site of Pyrgi, an Etruscan harbour still under excavation, located on the Lazio’s coast in Santa Severa, in the province of Rome. The objective of the research is to assess the main cause of the floods and the time the water stays in the site to determine if the floods are periodic phenomena over time or random events for guarantee a correct conservation of the site . The study is based on the combined use of geomatic technologies, meteorological and climatic models, and hydrogeological knowledge.","doi":"10.36253/978-88-5518-147-1.03","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0ffd5568c39f1e051a6c81a38fb51b7222d68933","result_position":42,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":239274027,"title":"A Google Earth Engine-enabled Python approach for the identification of anthropogenic palaeo-landscape features","venue":"Open Research Europe","year":2020,"authors":["F. Brandolini","Guillem Domingo Ribas","A. Zerboni","S. Turner"],"abstract":"The necessity of sustainable development for landscapes has emerged as an important theme in recent decades. Current methods take a holistic approach to landscape heritage and promote an interdisciplinary dialogue to facilitate complementary landscape management strategies. With the socio-economic values of the “natural” and “cultural” landscape heritage increasingly recognised worldwide, remote sensing tools are being used more and more to facilitate the recording and management of landscape heritage. The advent of freeware cloud computing services has enabled significant improvements in landscape research allowing the rapid exploration and processing of satellite imagery such as the Landsat and Copernicus Sentinel datasets. This research represents one of the first applications of the Google Earth Engine (GEE) Python application programming interface (API) in studies of historic landscapes. The complete free and open-source software (FOSS) cloud protocol proposed here consists of a Python code script developed in Google Colab, which could be adapted and replicated in different areas of the world. A multi-temporal approach has been adopted to investigate the potential of Sentinel-2 satellite imagery to detect buried hydrological and anthropogenic features along with spectral index and spectral decomposition analysis. The protocol's effectiveness in identifying palaeo-riverscape features has been tested in the Po Plain (N Italy).","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.13135.2","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/da285b14445a3db32041f808afd0c3f995f6e4b4","result_position":43,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":123018285,"title":"Spatiotemporal dynamic of surface water bodies using Landsat time-series data from 1999 to 2011","venue":"","year":2013,"authors":["M. Tulbure","M. Broich"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1016/J.ISPRSJPRS.2013.01.010","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/64e4ee5474fdec5f4dc4dc6a137377ee1aef9f88","result_position":44,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":229395069,"title":"Detecting Harvest Events in Plantation Forest Using Sentinel-1 and -2 Data via Google Earth Engine","venue":"Forests","year":2020,"authors":["Sifiso Xulu","N. Mbatha","K. Peerbhay","M. Gebreslasie"],"abstract":"South Africa is reported to experience timber shortages as a result of growing timber demands and pulp production, coupled with the government’s reluctance to grant new forestry permits. Rampant timber theft in the country makes these circumstances worse. The emergence of cloud-based platforms, such as Google Earth Engine (GEE), has greatly improved the accessibility and usability of high spatial and temporal Sentinel-1 and -2 data, especially in data-poor countries that lack high-performance computing systems for forest monitoring. Here, we demonstrate the potential of these resources for forest harvest detection. The results showed that Sentinel-1 data are efficient in detecting clear-cut events; both VH and VV backscatter signals decline sharply in accordance with clear-cutting and increase again when forest biomass increases. When correlated with highly responsive NDII, the VH and VV signals reached the best accuracies of 0.79 and 0.83, whereas the SWIR1 achieved –0.91. A Random Forest (RF) algorithm based on Sentinel-2 data also achieved over 90% accuracies for classifying harvested and forested areas. Overall, our study presents a cost-effective method for mapping clear-cut events in an economically important forestry area of South Africa while using GEE resources.","doi":"10.3390/f11121283","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7e8c57b82d9a8831d8e0b863f2ad32eb0380fb7e","result_position":45,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":225029910,"title":"Towards a comprehensive and consistent global aquatic land cover characterization framework addressing multiple user needs","venue":"Remote Sensing of Environment","year":2020,"authors":["Panpan Xu","M. Herold","N. Tsendbazar","J. Clevers"],"abstract":"Abstract Aquatic land cover represents the land cover type that is significantly influenced by the presence of water over an extensive part of a year. Monitoring global aquatic land cover types plays an essential role in preserving aquatic ecosystems and maintaining the ecosystem service they provide for humans, while at the same time their accurate and consistent monitoring for multiple purposes (e.g. climate modelling, biodiversity conservation, water resource management) remains challenging. Although a number of global aquatic land cover (GALC) datasets are available for use to monitor aquatic ecosystems, there are prominent variabilities among these datasets, which is primarily caused by the inconsistency between different land versus water-related monitoring approaches and characterization schemes. As aquatic land cover exists in many different forms on Earth (e.g. wetland, open water) and can be mapped by different approaches, it is necessary to consider a much more consistent and comprehensive characterization framework that not only ensures the consistency in the monitoring of aquatic land cover but also serves the needs of multiple users (e.g. climate users, agricultural users) interested in different aspects of aquatic lands. In this study, we addressed this issue by 1) reviewing 33 GALC datasets and user needs identified from the citing papers of current datasets and international conventions, policies and agreements in relation to aquatic ecosystems, 2) proposing a global characterization framework for aquatic land cover based on the Land Cover Classification System (LCCS) classifier principles and the identified user needs, and 3) highlighting the opportunities and challenges provided by remote sensing techniques for the implementation of the proposed framework. Results show that users require or prefer various kinds of information on aquatic types including vegetation type, water persistence, the artificiality of cover (i.e. artificial vs natural), water salinity, and the accessibility to the sea (i.e. coastal vs inland). Datasets with medium to high spatial resolution, intra-annual dynamics and inter-annual changes are needed by many users. However, none of the existing datasets can meet all these requirements and a rigorous quantitative accuracy assessment is lacking to evaluate its quality for most of the GALC datasets. The proposed framework has three levels and users are allowed to derive their aquatic land cover types of interest by combining different levels and classifiers of information. This comprehensive mapping framework can help to bridge the gap between user needs and current GALC datasets as well as the gap between generic and aquatic land cover monitoring. The implementation of the framework can benefit from evolving satellite-data availability, improved computation capability and open-source machine learning algorithms, although at the same time it faces challenges mainly coming from the complexity of aquatic ecosystems. The framework proposed in this study provides insights for future operational aquatic land cover monitoring initiatives and will support better understanding and monitoring of complex aquatic ecosystems.","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2020.112034","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b87771665620b146e87120cf6604dd2b2f0e36fa","result_position":46,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":252512429,"title":"Water Surface Mapping from Sentinel-1 Imagery Based on Attention-UNet3+: A Case Study of Poyang Lake Region","venue":"Remote Sensing","year":2022,"authors":["Chaowei Jiang","Hong Zhang","Chao Wang","J. Ge","Fan Wu"],"abstract":"The mapping of water surfaces is important for water resource and flood monitoring. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images can be used to monitor water bodies and detect floods over large areas. To address the problem of low identification accuracy in different time phases and different scales of water area, a water surface mapping method based on Attention-UNet3+ with SAR images is proposed in this paper. In the model, full-scale skip connections are introduced for combining feature maps from different scales and improving the accuracy of narrow water identification; the spatial attention module is used to obtain the importance of each connected feature, which can reduce the number of false alarms caused by speckle noise and water shadows in SAR data; the deep supervision module is used to learn hierarchical representative features from comprehensive aggregated feature maps to provide the periodic output capability of the model and meet the needs of rapid and large-scale water identification. The effectiveness of Attention-UNet3+ is verified by experiments in the Poyang Lake region with Sentinel-1 SAR images. The results show that the proposed Attention-UNet3+ outperforms the conventional threshold segmentation and deep learning models such as UNet, Deepvlabv3+, and SegNet, with an average IOU/Kappa value of 0.9502/0.9698. Multitemporal Sentinel-1 images in 2021 covering Poyang Lake are used for time series water surface mapping with the proposed method, and it is found that the detected water area of Poyang Lake has a good correlation with the corresponding water level values at observation stations. The Pearson coefficients are about 0.96. The above results indicate that the proposed method achieves good water surface mapping performance.","doi":"10.3390/rs14194708","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/21fa46adc13e11d8aab0511a1de746acc0a6826f","result_position":47,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":269151783,"title":"Using multisource remotely sensed data and cloud computing approaches to map non-native species in the semi-arid savannah rangelands of Mpumalanga, South Africa","venue":"The South African Geographical Journal","year":2024,"authors":["T. Maphanga","Timothy Dube","C. Shoko","M. Sibanda","Siyamthanda Gxokwe"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT Semi-arid savannah rangelands are diverse environments (in terms of species) that play an important role in sustaining biodiversity and providing ecosystem services. However, the emergence of non-native species, as well as bush encroachment, are currently threatening these (semi-arid rangeland and grassland) ecosystems. The purpose of this study was therefore to map and quantify the spatial extents of non-native woody vegetation in the Kruger National Park and surrounding communal areas in Mpumalanga, South Africa. To achieve the study’s objectives, Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 remotely sensed data were combined and analysed using the random forest (RF) machine-learning algorithm in the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud computing platform. Specifically, spectral bands and selected spectral derivatives, e.g. enhanced vegetation index (EVI2), normalized difference moisture index (NDMI) and normalized difference phenology index (NDPI) were computed and used to map non-native woody vegetation. After optimizing the model combination, the classification outputs had an overall accuracy of 70%, with class accuracies such as producer’s accuracy (PA) and user’s accuracy (UA) ranging from 67% to 95%.It was shown in this study that using Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-1 data together led to better overall accuracy than using single sensor models when mapping semi-arid savannah rangelands. It was also found in this study that the overall classification accuracy of non-native (invasive) species using optical sensors was higher than in previous studies. On a free platform like GEE, it was possible to utilize advanced classification processes to fully exploit the informative content of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data.","doi":"10.1080/03736245.2024.2341660","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/358a6ceb1c0d0cf4fd5e839afb84297aad945269","result_position":48,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":273707028,"title":"AllClear: A Comprehensive Dataset and Benchmark for Cloud Removal in Satellite Imagery","venue":"Neural Information Processing Systems","year":2024,"authors":["Hangyu Zhou","Chia-Hsiang Kao","Cheng Perng Phoo","Utkarsh Mall","B. Hariharan","Kavita Bala"],"abstract":"Clouds in satellite imagery pose a significant challenge for downstream applications. A major challenge in current cloud removal research is the absence of a comprehensive benchmark and a sufficiently large and diverse training dataset. To address this problem, we introduce the largest public dataset -- $\\textit{AllClear}$ for cloud removal, featuring 23,742 globally distributed regions of interest (ROIs) with diverse land-use patterns, comprising 4 million images in total. Each ROI includes complete temporal captures from the year 2022, with (1) multi-spectral optical imagery from Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8/9, (2) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery from Sentinel-1, and (3) auxiliary remote sensing products such as cloud masks and land cover maps. We validate the effectiveness of our dataset by benchmarking performance, demonstrating the scaling law -- the PSNR rises from $28.47$ to $33.87$ with $30\\times$ more data, and conducting ablation studies on the temporal length and the importance of individual modalities. This dataset aims to provide comprehensive coverage of the Earth's surface and promote better cloud removal results.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2410.23891","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/885b4312ac32fce00183d0ebff2f6ad24cd53351","result_position":49,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":203709190,"title":"AGGREGATING CLOUD-FREE SENTINEL-2 IMAGES WITH GOOGLE EARTH ENGINE","venue":"ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences","year":2019,"authors":["Michael Schmitt","L. H. Hughes","C. Qiu","Xiaoxiang Zhu"],"abstract":"Abstract. Cloud coverage is one of the biggest concerns in spaceborne optical remote sensing, because it hampers a continuous monitoring of the Earth’s surface. Based on Google Earth Engine, a web- and cloud-based platform for the analysis and visualization of large-scale geospatial data, we present a fully automatic workflow to aggregate cloud-free Sentinel-2 images for user-defined areas of interest and time periods, which can be significantly shorter than the one-year time frames that are commonly used in other multi-temporal image aggregation approaches. We demonstrate the feasibility of our workflow for several cities spread around the globe and affected by different amounts of average cloud cover. The experimental results confirm that our results are better than the results achieved by standard approaches for cloud-free image aggregation.\n","doi":"10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-2-w7-145-2019","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/92fe9ca9b6eba679f1719cefde863ee767aeaf85","result_position":50,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":232313598,"title":"Machine Learning Comparison and Parameter Setting Methods for the Detection of Dump Sites for Construction and Demolition Waste Using the Google Earth Engine","venue":"Remote Sensing","year":2021,"authors":["Lei Zhou","T. Luo","Mingyi Du","Qiang Chen","Yang Liu","Yinuo Zhu","Congcong He","Siyu Wang","Kun Yang"],"abstract":"Machine learning has been successfully used for object recognition within images. Due to the complexity of the spectrum and texture of construction and demolition waste (C&DW), it is difficult to construct an automatic identification method for C&DW based on machine learning and remote sensing data sources. Machine learning includes many types of algorithms; however, different algorithms and parameters have different identification effects on C&DW. Exploring the optimal method for automatic remote sensing identification of C&DW is an important approach for the intelligent supervision of C&DW. This study investigates the megacity of Beijing, which is facing high risk of C&DW pollution. To improve the classification accuracy of C&DW, buildings, vegetation, water, and crops were selected as comparative training samples based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE), and Sentinel-2 was used as the data source. Three classification methods of typical machine learning algorithms (classification and regression trees (CART), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM)) were selected to classify the C&DW from remote sensing images. Using empirical methods, the experimental trial method, and the grid search method, the optimal parameterization scheme of the three classification methods was studied to determine the optimal method of remote sensing identification of C&DW based on machine learning. Through accuracy evaluation and ground verification, the overall recognition accuracies of CART, RF, and SVM for C&DW were 73.12%, 98.05%, and 85.62%, respectively, under the optimal parameterization scheme determined in this study. Among these algorithms, RF was a better C&DW identification method than were CART and SVM when the number of decision trees was 50. This study explores the robust machine learning method for automatic remote sensing identification of C&DW and provides a scientific basis for intelligent supervision and resource utilization of C&DW.","doi":"10.3390/rs13040787","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e64dd816b5dfae8ff105c4c5b660e11bc9e92968","result_position":51,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":7605532,"title":"Sentinel-2's Potential for Sub-Pixel Landscape Feature Detection","venue":"Remote Sensing","year":2016,"authors":["J. Radoux","Guillaume Chomé","D. Jacques","F. Waldner","Nicolas Bellemans","Nicolas Matton","C. Lamarche","R. d’Andrimont","P. Defourny"],"abstract":"Land cover and land use maps derived from satellite remote sensing imagery are critical to support biodiversity and conservation, especially over large areas. With its 10 m to 20 m spatial resolution, Sentinel-2 is a promising sensor for the detection of a variety of landscape features of ecological relevance. However, many components of the ecological network are still smaller than the 10 m pixel, i.e., they are sub-pixel targets that stretch the sensor’s resolution to its limit. This paper proposes a framework to empirically estimate the minimum object size for an accurate detection of a set of structuring landscape foreground/background pairs. The developed method combines a spectral separability analysis and an empirical point spread function estimation for Sentinel-2. The same approach was also applied to Landsat-8 and SPOT-5 (Take 5), which can be considered as similar in terms of spectral definition and spatial resolution, respectively. Results show that Sentinel-2 performs consistently on both aspects. A large number of indices have been tested along with the individual spectral bands and target discrimination was possible in all but one case. Overall, results for Sentinel-2 highlight the critical importance of a good compromise between the spatial and spectral resolution. For instance, the Sentinel-2 roads detection limit was of 3 m and small water bodies are separable with a diameter larger than 11 m. In addition, the analysis of spectral mixtures draws attention to the uneven sensitivity of a variety of spectral indices. The proposed framework could be implemented to assess the fitness for purpose of future sensors within a large range of applications.","doi":"10.3390/RS8060488","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a9d3e039e7645eb3c1e1586077fae34e7bbea396","result_position":52,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":52305075,"title":"An automatic change detection approach for rapid flood mapping in Sentinel-1 SAR data","venue":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","year":2018,"authors":["Yu Li","S. Martinis","S. Plank","R. Ludwig"],"abstract":"Abstract In this paper, a two-step automatic change detection chain for rapid flood mapping based on Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data is presented. First, a reference image is selected from a set of potential image candidates via a Jensen-Shannon (JS) divergence-based index. Second, saliency detection is applied on log-ratio data to derive the prior probabilities of changed and unchanged classes for initializing the following expectation-maximization (EM) based generalized Gaussian mixture model (GGMM). The saliency-guided GGMM is capable of capturing the primary pixel-based change information and handling highly imbalanced datasets. A fully-connected conditional random field (FCRF) model, which takes long-range pairwise potential connections into account, is integrated to remove the ambiguities of the saliency-guided GGMM and to achieve the final change map. The whole process chain is automatic with an efficient computation. The proposed approach was validated on flood events at the Evros River, Greece and the Wharfe River and Ouse River in York, United Kingdom. Kappa coefficients (k) of 0.9238 and 0.8682 were obtained respectively. The sensitivity analysis underlines the robustness of the proposed approach for rapid flood mapping.","doi":"10.1016/j.jag.2018.05.023","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/15e1f4c147f4850cd50fbd709cf748595cdd8f97","result_position":53,"is_clicked":false}],"string":"[\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 235190263,\n \"title\": \"An Optical and SAR Based Fusion Approach for Mapping Surface Water Dynamics over Mainland China\",\n \"venue\": \"Remote Sensing\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Daniel Druce\",\n \"X. Tong\",\n \"X. Lei\",\n \"T. Guo\",\n \"C. Kittel\",\n \"K. Grogan\",\n \"C. Tøttrup\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Earth Observation (EO) data is a critical information source for mapping and monitoring water resources over large inaccessible regions where hydrological in-situ networks are sparse. In this paper, we present a simple yet robust method for fusing optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data for mapping surface water dynamics over mainland China. This method uses a multivariate logistic regression model to estimate monthly surface water extent over a four-year period (2017 to 2020) from the combined usages of Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 imagery. Multi-seasonal high-resolution images from the Chinese Gaofen satellites are used as a reference for an independent validation showing a high degree of agreement (overall accuracy 94%) across a diversity of climatic and physiographic regions demonstrating potential scalability beyond China. Through inter-comparison with similar global scale products, this paper further shows how this new mapping technique provides improved spatio-temporal characterization of inland water bodies, and for better capturing smaller water bodies (< 0.81 ha in size). The relevance of the results is discussed, and we find this new enhanced monitoring approach has the potential to advance the use of Earth observation for water resource management, planning and reporting.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/rs13091663\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7fa8a038015f89ef7735be00b31523fd6679839f\",\n \"result_position\": 0,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 269869144,\n \"title\": \"Advancements in remote sensing technologies for accurate monitoring and management of surface water resources in Africa: an overview, limitations, and future directions\",\n \"venue\": \"Geocarto International\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Maria Sigopi\",\n \"C. Shoko\",\n \"Timothy Dube\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract This review presents a comprehensive examination of recent advancements in utilizing multi-date satellite data to analyze spatial and temporal variations in seasonal and inter-annual surface water dynamics within arid environments of Africa. Remote sensing offers continuous, precise, and long-term datasets for surface water research. Various sensors with differing spatial resolutions are discussed, with high-resolution multispectral sensors providing superior spatial resolution but at higher costs. Conversely, dual-sensor approaches, incuding optical sensors (Sentinel-2 and Landsat), radar satellites (Sentinel-1 and RADARSAT) and UAVs were investigated. The review further examines the efficiency and applicability of traditional algorithms such as the modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI), normalized difference water index (NDWI), and automated water extraction index (AWEI) in detecting and delineating surface water resources. Additionally, machine learning (ML) algorithms, including support vector machines (SVM), Random Forest (RF), deep learning and emerging methodologies like recurrent tranformer networks, have been explored. Therefore, we recommend that future research endeavours focus on leveraging high-resolution satellite imagery and integrating physical models with deep learning techniques, artificial intelligence, and online big data processing platforms to improve surface water mapping capabilities.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/10106049.2024.2347935\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6bf3d3d9fbec68ef91d30bf9c61b19d638d7b8f4\",\n \"result_position\": 1,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 267364805,\n \"title\": \"Using Multi-Temporal Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 Data for Water Bodies Mapping\",\n \"venue\": \"IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Luigi Russo\",\n \"Francesco Mauro\",\n \"Babak Memar\",\n \"A. Sebastianelli\",\n \"Paolo Gamba\",\n \"S. Ullo\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Climate change is intensifying extreme weather events, causing both water scarcity and severe rainfall unpredictability, and posing threats to sustainable development, biodiversity, and access to water and sanitation. This paper aims to provide valuable insights for comprehensive water resource monitoring under diverse meteorological conditions. An extension of the SEN2DWATER dataset is proposed to enhance its capabilities for water basin segmentation. Through the integration of temporally and spatially aligned radar information from Sentinel-1 data with the existing multispectral Sentinel-2 data, a novel multisource and multitemporal dataset is generated. Benchmarking the enhanced dataset involves the application of indices such as the Soil Water Index (SWI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), along with an unsupervised Machine Learning (ML) classifier (k-means clustering). Promising results are obtained and potential future developments and applications arising from this research are also explored.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/IGARSS53475.2024.10641660\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c269e540adfca5f33c6bbce6fce5a79beb9a69da\",\n \"result_position\": 2,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 210878610,\n \"title\": \"A Fusion Approach for Water Area Classification Using Visible, Near Infrared and Synthetic Aperture Radar for South Asian Conditions\",\n \"venue\": \"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"S. Ahmad\",\n \"F. Hossain\",\n \"H. Eldardiry\",\n \"T. Pavelsky\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Consistent estimation of water surface area from remote sensing remains challenging in regions such as South Asia with vegetation, mountainous topography, and persistent monsoonal cloud cover. High-resolution optical imagery, which is often used for global inundation mapping, is highly impacted by clouds, while synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery is not impacted by clouds and is affected by both topographic layover and vegetation. Here, we compare and contrast inundation extent measurements from visible (Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2) and SAR (Sentinel-1) imagery. Each data type (wavelength) has complementary strengths and weaknesses which were gauged separately over selected water bodies in Bangladesh. High-resolution cloud-free PlanetScope imagery at 3-m resolution was used as a reference to check the accuracy of each technique and data type. Next, the optical and radar images were fused for a rule-based water area classification algorithm to derive the optimal decision for the water mask. Results indicate that the fusion approach can improve the overall accuracy by up to 3.8%, 18.2%, and 8.3% during the wet season over using the individual products of Landsat8, Sentinel-1, and Sentinel-2, respectively, at three sites, while providing increased observational frequency. The fusion-derived products resulted in overall accuracy ranging from 85.8% to 98.7% and Kappa coefficient varying from 0.61 to 0.83. The proposed SAR-visible fusion technique has potential for improving satellite-based surface water monitoring and storage changes, especially for smaller water bodies in humid tropical climate of South Asia.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/TGRS.2019.2950705\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/838f62809f73c1b5e11ad328f36192b20231431b\",\n \"result_position\": 3,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 219561281,\n \"title\": \"Sentinel-1-Imagery-Based High-Resolution Water Cover Detection on Wetlands, Aided by Google Earth Engine\",\n \"venue\": \"Remote Sensing\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Gulácsi\",\n \"F. Kovács\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Saline wetlands experience large temporal fluctuations in water supply during the year and are recharged only or mainly through precipitation, meaning they are vulnerable to climate-change-induced aridification. Most passive satellite sensors are unsuitable for continuous wetland monitoring due to cloud cover and their relatively low temporal resolution. However, active satellite sensors such as the C-band synthetic aperture radar of Sentinel-1 satellites offer free, cloud-independent data. We examined surface water cover changes from October 2014 to November 2018 in the strictly protected area (13,000 ha) of the Upper-Kiskunság Alkaline Lakes region in the Danube–Tisza Interfluve in Hungary, with the aim of helping with nature protection planning. Changes and sensitivity can be defined based on the knowledge of variability. We developed a method for water cover detection based on automatic classification, applying the so-called WEKA K-Means clustering algorithm. For satellite data processing and analysis, we used the Google Earth Engine cloud processing platform. In terms of validation, we compared our results with the multispectral Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) derived from Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 top-of-atmosphere reflectance images using a threshold-based binary classifier (receiver operator characteristics) for the MNDWI data. Using two completely distinct methods operating in distinct wavelength ranges, we obtained adequately matching results, with Spearman’s correlation coefficients (ρ) ranging from 0.54 to 0.80.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/rs12101614\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/257504a467a64d1a27a386d9949e9feae267bf9d\",\n \"result_position\": 4,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 275051801,\n \"title\": \"Flood Mapping Methodologies in Google Earth Engine Using Optical and Radar Data: A Comparative Study\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Environmental & Earth Sciences\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yassine Loukili\",\n \"Y. Lakhrissi\",\n \"Safae Elhaj\",\n \"Ben Ali\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Floods are among the most severe and frequent natural disasters, impacting numerous countries worldwide. This study investigates flood mapping methodologies utilizing Google Earth Engine (GEE) with Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, and Landsat data, focusing on the January 2021 Tetouan flood in Morocco. Three approaches were assessed: Sentinel-1 thresholding and NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index) methods applied to Sentinel-2 and Landsat imagery. The analysis revealed flooded areas of 891 hectares (Sentinel-1), 814 hectares (Sentinel-2), and 1237 hectares (Landsat), validated against ArcGIS (Geographic Information System) results estimating 900 hectares. Sentinel-1 demonstrated superior accuracy with only a 9-hectare deviation and proved effective under cloudy conditions. Sentinel-2 provided a balance between spatial resolution and error levels, with moderate commission and omission errors. Landsat detected the largest flood extent but exhibited a slight overestimation. The study emphasizes the advantages of GEE’s cloud-based platform, which significantly reduced processing time, facilitating rapid flood extent mapping. This scalability and efficiency make GEE an invaluable tool for disaster management. The results underline the potential of these methodologies for accurate and timely flood monitoring, enabling informed decision-making in resilience planning and emergency response. Such advancements are critical for mitigating the impacts of flooding and supporting sustainable disaster management strategies in vulnerable regions worldwide.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.30564/jees.v7i1.7397\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f36becf8d077e92f7aa9c830d869a6d6b4745fe5\",\n \"result_position\": 5,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 257272643,\n \"title\": \"Understanding Volume Estimation Uncertainty of Lakes and Wetlands Using Satellites and Citizen Science\",\n \"venue\": \"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Shahzaib Khan\",\n \"Faisal Hossain\",\n \"T. Pavelsky\",\n \"G. Parkins\",\n \"M. Lane\",\n \"A. Gómez\",\n \"Sanchit Minocha\",\n \"Pritam Das\",\n \"Sheikh K. Ghafoor\",\n \"Md Arifuzzaman Bhuyan\",\n \"Md. Nazmul Haque\",\n \"Preetom Kumar Sarker\",\n \"Partho Protim Borua\",\n \"J. Crétaux\",\n \"N. Picot\",\n \"Vivek Balakrishnan\",\n \"Shakeel Ahmad\",\n \"Nirakar Thapa\",\n \"R. Bhattarai\",\n \"F. Hasan\",\n \"Bareerah Fatima\",\n \"Muhammad Ashraf\",\n \"S. Ahmad\",\n \"Arthur Compin\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"We studied variations in the volume of water stored in small lakes and wetlands using satellite remote sensing and lake water height data contributed by citizen scientists. A total of 94 water bodies across the globe were studied using satellite data in the optical and microwave wavelengths from Landsat 8, Sentinel-1, and Sentinel-2. The uncertainty in volume estimation as a function of geography and geophysical factors, such as cloud cover, precipitation, and water surface temperature, was studied. The key finding that emerged from this global study is that uncertainty is highest in regions with a distinct precipitation season, such as in the monsoon dominated South Asia or the Pacific Northwestern region of the USA. This uncertainty is further compounded when small lakes and wetlands are seasonal with alternating land use as a water body and agricultural land, such as the wetlands of Northeastern Bangladesh. On an average, 45% of studied lakes could be estimated of their volume change with a statistical significant uncertainty that is less than the expected volume in South Asia. In North America, this statistically significant uncertainty in volume estimation was found to be around 50% in lakes eastward of the 108th meridian with lowest uncertainty found in lakes along the East coast of the USA. The article provides a baseline for understanding the current state of the art in estimating volumetric change of lakes and wetlands using citizen science in anticipation of the recently launched Surface Water and Ocean Topography Mission.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/JSTARS.2023.3250354\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6266674471cb3781f691f5dcd8fa82cdbc7c7e6d\",\n \"result_position\": 6,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 248657006,\n \"title\": \"Large-Scale Surface Water Mapping Based on Landsat and Sentinel-1 Images\",\n \"venue\": \"Water\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Hailong Tang\",\n \"Shanlong Lu\",\n \"Muhammad Hasan Ali Baig\",\n \"Mingyang Li\",\n \"Chun Fang\",\n \"Yong Wang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Surface water is a highly dynamical object on the earth’s surface. At present, satellite remote sensing is the most effective way to accurately depict the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of surface water on a large scale. In this study, a region-adaptive random forest algorithm is designed on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) for automatic surface water mapping by using data from multi-sensors such as Landsat 7 ETM+, Landsat 8 OLI, and Sentinel-1 SAR images as source data, and China as a case study region. The visual comparison of the mapping results with the original images under different landform areas shows that the extracted water body boundary is consistent with the water range in the image. The cross-validation with the JRC GSW validation samples shows a very high precision that the average producer’s accuracy and average user’s accuracy of water is 0.933 and 0.998, respectively. The average overall accuracy and average kappa is 0.966 and 0.931, respectively. The independent verification results of lakes with different areas also prove the high accuracy for our method, with a maximum average error of 2.8%. These results show that the method is an ideal way for large-scale surface water mapping with a high spatial–temporal resolution.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/w14091454\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7bfc9e67159429748ee94578742081aa002abdb9\",\n \"result_position\": 7,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 273818442,\n \"title\": \"SAR image integration for multi-temporal analysis of Lake Manchar Wetland dynamics using machine learning\",\n \"venue\": \"Scientific Reports\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Chaoyong Wang\",\n \"Rana Waqar Aslam\",\n \"Abdul Quddoos\",\n \"Iram Naz\",\n \"Aqil Tariq\",\n \"Sajid Ullah\",\n \"Asif Sajjad\",\n \"Walid Soufan\",\n \"Khalid F. Almutairi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The Manchar Lake wetland complex, Pakistan’s largest freshwater-lake, faces unprecedented ecological challenges amidst climate change and human pressures, necessitating urgent, data-driven conservation strategies. This study employs cutting-edge multi-sensor remote sensing techniques to quantify and analyze the dynamic changes in this critical ecosystem from 2015 to 2023, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of wetland dynamics for informed management decisions. Integrating Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Sentinel-2 multispectral imagery, we assessed changes in wetland extent, vegetation health, and land-use patterns using spectral indices and topographic data. Our methodology achieved classification accuracies exceeding 92% across all study years, revealing significant ecosystem fluctuations. Water body extent exhibited a non-linear trend, expanding from 318.5 km² (5%) in 2015 to 397.0 km² (7%) in 2019, before contracting to 369.9 km² (6%) in 2023. This pattern was corroborated by MNDWI values. Concurrently, vegetation covers dramatically increased from 405.5 km² (7%) in 2019 to 1081.6 km² (18%) in 2023. The Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) reflected this trend, decreasing from 0.61 in 2015 to 0.41 in 2019, before recovering to 0.53 in 2023. Land use changes were substantial, with agricultural areas increasing from 118.4 km² (2%) in 2015 to 498.0 km² (8%) in 2023. SAR data consistently supported these observations. Topographic analysis, including the Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), provided crucial insights into wetland distribution and resilience. This comprehensive analysis highlights the complex interplay between natural processes and human influences shaping the Manchar-Lake ecosystem, underscoring the urgent need for adaptive management strategies in the face of rapid environmental change.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s41598-024-76730-1\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2d3c6c376a3f8d5fe0a91aafa6cb722af6574794\",\n \"result_position\": 8,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 258286113,\n \"title\": \"WATER RESERVOIRS MONITORING THROUGH GOOGLE EARTH ENGINE: APPLICATION TO SENTINEL AND LANDSAT IMAGERY\",\n \"venue\": \"The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"F. Bocchino\",\n \"R. Ravanelli\",\n \"V. Belloni\",\n \"P. Mazzucchelli\",\n \"M. Crespi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract. Water reservoirs are subjected to increasing hydrological stresses, therefore continuous and accurate monitoring of these resources is essential to ensure their sustainable management. This work proposes a methodology to remotely monitor the surface extent of water reservoirs through the analysis of satellite multispectral and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images. In particular, a segmentation strategy was implemented within Google Earth Engine (GEE) to distinguish water bodies from the surrounding land surface and measure their extension, by applying three different approaches to Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, and Landsat-8 imagery. The first approach is based on the use of the Automatic Water Extraction Index (AWEI) and the self-adaptive Otsu’s thresholding method, the second approach is based on the image conversion from RGB (Red-Green-Blue) to HSV (Hue, Saturation, Value) and the use of a parametric threshold, the third approach is based on the use of SAR imagery and an empirically selected threshold. A “static” validation strategy was developed from scratch and standard segmentation metrics were computed to evaluate the accuracy of the three approaches. The average values of the F1 scores on the Sentinel imagery were equal to 0.95, 0.90, and 0.84 for the three approaches, respectively. The same metric on the Landsat imagery was 0.95 for the first approach and 0.93 for the second approach. The best approach, i.e. the AWEI-based method, was then applied to three water bodies in which the effects of the 2022 drought were particularly significant: Sawa lake (Iraq), Poyang lake (China), and Po river (Italy). The results visually highlighted the good performance of the approach in segmenting the water bodies from the surrounding areas.\\n\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-m-1-2023-41-2023\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8df641104682ef7e5a373e71f7a1dd296efce752\",\n \"result_position\": 9,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 269320599,\n \"title\": \"Performance of water indices for large-scale water resources monitoring using Sentinel-2 data in Ethiopia\",\n \"venue\": \"Environmental Monitoring & Assessment\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Mathias Tesfaye\",\n \"Lutz Breuer\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Evaluating the performance of water indices and water-related ecosystems is crucial for Ethiopia. This is due to limited information on the availability and distribution of water resources at the country scale, despite its critical role in sustainable water management, biodiversity conservation, and ecosystem resilience. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of seven water indices and select the best-performing indices for detecting surface water at country scale. Sentinel-2 data from December 1, 2021, to November 30, 2022, were used for the evaluation and processed using the Google Earth Engine. The indices were evaluated using qualitative visual inspection and quantitative accuracy indicators of overall accuracy, producer’s accuracy, and user’s accuracy. Results showed that the water index (WI) and automatic water extraction index with shadow (AWEIsh) were the most accurate ones to extract surface water. For the latter, WI and AWEIsh obtained an overall accuracy of 96% and 95%, respectively. Both indices had approximately the same spatial coverage of surface water with 82,650 km2 (WI) and 86,530 km2 (AWEIsh) for the whole of Ethiopia. The results provide a valuable insight into the extent of surface water bodies, which is essential for water resource planners and decision-makers. Such data can also play a role in monitoring the country’s reservoirs, which are important for the country’s energy and economic development. These results suggest that by applying the best-performing indices, better monitoring and management of water resources would be possible to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal 6 at the regional level.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s10661-024-12630-1\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c5bca290fd3b22ab8f199bc0e4046f4e0b4da8e7\",\n \"result_position\": 10,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 232484005,\n \"title\": \"Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data fusion system for surface water extraction\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Applied Remote Sensing\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Mostafa Saghafi\",\n \"A. Ahmadi\",\n \"B. Bigdeli\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract. Detecting and monitoring surface water has received much attention in recent decades. Surface water is one of the most critical water resources for both human and ecological systems. Remote sensing technology has made it possible to have accurate and frequent updates of surface water. We propose a remote sensing multisensor fusion system using optical data including Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 and RADAR data including Sentinel-1 for water body extraction. Using a data fusion approach, the spatial resolution of multispectral images increased from 30 to 10 m, and the spectral information of Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 were preserved. Then, all features extracted from the high spatial resolution images, water index maps, and Sentinel-1 dataset were combined as a stacked feature space. The new data were subsequently classified by support vector machine, neural network, and random forest. Finally, all classifiers’ outputs were integrated using a weighted majority voting decision fusion strategy, which significantly improved surface water extraction. Our study illustrates the ability of remote sensing multisensory fusion, water indices, and decision fusion for water body extraction.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1117/1.JRS.15.014521\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c699427df72a772ca2222c997e6a0aa191e418d5\",\n \"result_position\": 11,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 221115319,\n \"title\": \"Comparing Sentinel-1 Surface Water Mapping Algorithms and Radiometric Terrain Correction Processing in Southeast Asia Utilizing Google Earth Engine\",\n \"venue\": \"Remote Sensing\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"K. Markert\",\n \"Amanda M. Markert\",\n \"Timothy J. Mayer\",\n \"C. Nauman\",\n \"A. Haag\",\n \"A. Poortinga\",\n \"B. Bhandari\",\n \"Nyein Soe Thwal\",\n \"Thannarot Kunlamai\",\n \"F. Chishtie\",\n \"M. Kwant\",\n \"Kittiphong Phongsapan\",\n \"N. Clinton\",\n \"P. Towashiraporn\",\n \"D. Saah\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Satellite remote sensing plays an important role in the monitoring of surface water for historical analysis and near real-time applications. Due to its cloud penetrating capability, many studies have focused on providing efficient and high quality methods for surface water mapping using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). However, few studies have explored the effects of SAR pre-processing steps used and the subsequent results as inputs into surface water mapping algorithms. This study leverages the Google Earth Engine to compare two unsupervised histogram-based thresholding surface water mapping algorithms utilizing two distinct pre-processed Sentinel-1 SAR datasets, specifically one with and one without terrain correction. The resulting surface water maps from the four different collections were validated with user-interpreted samples from high-resolution Planet Scope data. It was found that the overall accuracy from the four collections ranged from 92% to 95% with Cohen’s Kappa coefficients ranging from 0.7999 to 0.8427. The thresholding algorithm that samples a histogram based on water edge information performed best with a maximum accuracy of 95%. While the accuracies varied between methods it was found that there is no statistical significant difference between the errors of the different collections. Furthermore, the surface water maps generated from the terrain corrected data resulted in a intersection over union metrics of 95.8%–96.4%, showing greater spatial agreement, as compared to 92.3%–93.1% intersection over union using the non-terrain corrected data. Overall, it was found that algorithms using terrain correction yield higher overall accuracy and yielded a greater spatial agreement between methods. However, differences between the approaches presented in this paper were not found to be significant suggesting both methods are valid for generating accurate surface water maps. High accuracy surface water maps are critical to disaster planning and response efforts, thus results from this study can help inform SAR data users on the pre-processing steps needed and its effects as inputs on algorithms for surface water mapping applications.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/rs12152469\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/63cd60288efa4bb664a3370347a3059bc74c8012\",\n \"result_position\": 12,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 85502149,\n \"title\": \"Evaluating Combinations of Temporally Aggregated Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8 for Land Cover Mapping with Google Earth Engine\",\n \"venue\": \"Remote Sensing\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Luis Carrasco\",\n \"A. O'Neil\",\n \"R. D. Morton\",\n \"C. Rowland\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Land cover mapping of large areas is challenging due to the significant volume of satellite data to acquire and process, as well as the lack of spatial continuity due to cloud cover. Temporal aggregation—the use of metrics (i.e., mean or median) derived from satellite data over a period of time—is an approach that benefits from recent increases in the frequency of free satellite data acquisition and cloud-computing power. This enables the efficient use of multi-temporal data and the exploitation of cloud-gap filling techniques for land cover mapping. Here, we provide the first formal comparison of the accuracy between land cover maps created with temporal aggregation of Sentinel-1 (S1), Sentinel-2 (S2), and Landsat-8 (L8) data from one-year and test whether this method matches the accuracy of traditional approaches. Thirty-two datasets were created for Wales by applying automated cloud-masking and temporally aggregating data over different time intervals, using Google Earth Engine. Manually processed S2 data was used for comparison using a traditional two-date composite approach. Supervised classifications were created, and their accuracy was assessed using field-based data. Temporal aggregation only matched the accuracy of the traditional two-date composite approach (77.9%) when an optimal combination of optical and radar data was used (76.5%). Combined datasets (S1, S2 or S1, S2, and L8) outperformed single-sensor datasets, while datasets based on spectral indices obtained the lowest levels of accuracy. The analysis of cloud cover showed that to ensure at least one cloud-free pixel per time interval, a maximum of two intervals per year for temporal aggregation were possible with L8, while three or four intervals could be used for S2. This study demonstrates that temporal aggregation is a promising tool for integrating large amounts of data in an efficient way and that it can compensate for the lower quality of automatic image selection and cloud masking. It also shows that combining data from different sensors can improve classification accuracy. However, this study highlights the need for identifying optimal combinations of satellite data and aggregation parameters in order to match the accuracy of manually selected and processed image composites.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/RS11030288\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9d7db21c847a8f549c0a495a7f8f1ee851c5a43a\",\n \"result_position\": 13,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 237357564,\n \"title\": \"Sentinel-1&2 Multitemporal Water Surface Detection Accuracies, Evaluated at Regional and Reservoirs Level\",\n \"venue\": \"Remote Sensing\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"S. P. Luque\",\n \"S. Ferrant\",\n \"Mauricio C. R. Cordeiro\",\n \"T. Ledauphin\",\n \"J. Maxant\",\n \"Jean-Michel Martinez\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Water stock monitoring is a major issue for society on a local and global scale. Sentinel-1&2 satellites provide frequent acquisitions to track water surface dynamics, proxy variables to enable water surface volume monitoring. How do we combine such observations along time for each sensor? What advantages and disadvantages of single-date, monthly or time-windowed estimations? In this context, we analysed the impact of merging information through different types and lengths of time-windows. Satellite observations were processed separately on optical (Sentinel-2) and radar (Sentinel-1) water detectors at 10 m resolution. The analysis has been applied at two scales. First, validating with 26 large scenes (110 × 110 km) in different climatic zones in France, time-windows yielded an improvement on radar detection (F1-score improved from 0.72 to 0.8 for 30 days on average logic) while optical performances remained stable (F1-score 0.89). Second, validating reservoir area estimations with 29 instrumented reservoirs (20–1250 ha), time-windows presented in all cases an improvement on both optical and radar error for any window length (5–30 days). The mean relative absolute error in optical area detection improved from 16.9% on single measurements to 12.9% using 15 days time-windows, and from 22.15% to 15.1% in radar detection). Regarding reservoir filling rates, we identified an increased negative bias for both sensors when the reservoir is nearly full. This work helped to compare accuracies of separate optical and radar capabilities, where optical statistically outperforms radar at both local and large scale to the detriment of less frequent measurements. Furthermore, we propose a geomorphological indicator of reservoirs to predict the quality of radar area monitoring (R2 = 0.58). In conclusion, we suggest the use of time-windows on operational water mapping or reservoir monitoring systems, using 10–20 days time-windows with average logic, providing more frequent and faster information to water managers in periods of crisis (e.g., water shortage) compared to monthly estimations.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/rs13163279\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fabf9f663e3a525c030368dde64927cee34c26d6\",\n \"result_position\": 14,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 272737268,\n \"title\": \"Amazon severe drought in 2023 triggered surface water loss\",\n \"venue\": \"Environmental Research: Climate\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Carlos M. Souza\",\n \"J. Marengo\",\n \"Bruno G. Ferreira\",\n \"J. Ribeiro\",\n \"L. W. Schirmbeck\",\n \"J. Schirmbeck\",\n \"Mayumi C. M. Hirye\",\n \"A. Cunha\",\n \"H. Wiederhecker\",\n \"M. O. Latuf\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The Amazon underwent a severe austral springtime drought attributed to the onset of El Niño in 2023 and the warmer North Atlantic, Indian, and North Pacific Oceans. The Amazon rivers, lakes, small streams, wetlands, and reservoirs quickly lowered their water level below historical records due to decreased rainfall and warmth in the region. Based on satellite imagery, this study presents the first estimate of the water loss extent in the 4.2 million km2 of the Brazilian Amazon biome (∼62% of the Amazon total biome) in 2023. We estimated the loss of 3.3 million hectares of surface water relative to 2022, with an overall accuracy of 92%. The surface water losses were concentrated in the states of Amazonas (59.4%) and Pará (25.5), adding up to 2.8 million hectares. The warmer and drier climate in the region affected the main rivers in the Amazon. Among them, the Solimões, Negro, Purus, Acre, and Branco suffered extreme drops in their levels in some regions, resulting in a high negative impact on the aquatic biodiversity, yet estimated only in local areas. A total of 1.14 million hectares of surface water loss (i.e. 35%) was detected within protected areas territories, affecting extractivist, indegenous, African-Brazilian, and fishing and traditional communities. Proximity analysis revealed that 75% of the 2023 surface water loss was within 25 km of small towns, 48% and 65.8% at 50 km from indigenous villages and urban areas, respectively. Our results reinforce people’s vulnerability to climate change, anticipating a plausible adverse impact scenario in the Amazon region and urging solutions to adaptation and mitigation. Therefore, an integrated monitoring system based on climate and water dynamics from satellite and ground stations is necessary to improve understanding of the problem for timing response of climatic change negative impacts.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1088/2752-5295/ad7c71\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1f82e56568f8fe92bf13b5e5dfbb6a87589b8ace\",\n \"result_position\": 15,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 268289738,\n \"title\": \"Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing of Inland Surface Waters: A Fusion of Sentinel-1&2 Data Applied to Small Seasonal Ponds in Semiarid Environments\",\n \"venue\": \"bioRxiv\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Francesco Valerio\",\n \"S. Godinho\",\n \"Gonçalo Ferraz\",\n \"Ricardo Pita\",\n \"J. Gameiro\",\n \"Bruno Silva\",\n \"A. T. Marques\",\n \"J. P. Silva\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Inland freshwater resources in semiarid environments play a key role in maintaining ecological systems and supporting human development. Space-based remote sensing spatiotemporal data have emerged as a new paradigm for understanding ecohydrological processes and trends, particularly in water-stressed areas. However, comprehensive cataloging is still lacking, especially in semi-arid regions and for small-sized water bodies (i.e., ponds), which are often overlooked despite their ecological relevance. In this study, high-resolution optical and radar Sentinel data (Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2) were used to construct Sentinel-1&2-based local surface water (SLSW) models, to infer surface water occurrence and extent. To assess the reliability of this model, the results were compared with verification data, and separately with Landsat-based global water (LGSW) models. Three distinct semiarid regions were selected in SW Iberia, within a Mediterranean climate, each encompassing special protection areas for conservation and subjected to marked seasonality and bioclimatic changes. Surface water attributes were modeled using Random Forests for SLSW time series forecasting, which included the period from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2021. During this period, the completeness of the archived information was compared between SLSW and LGSW, considering both intra-annual and inter-annual variations. The predictive performance of these models was then compared for specific periods (dry and wet), and each was independently validated with verification data. The results showed that SLWM achieved satisfactory predictive performances in detecting surface water occurrence (μ≈72%), with far greater completeness and reconstructed seasonality patterns compared to LGSW. The relatedness between SLSW and LGSW was stronger during wet periods (R2=0.38) than dry periods (R2=0.05), and SLSW related much better with the verification data (R2=0.66) than when compared to LGSW (R2=0.24). The proposed SLSW approach may therefore provide advantages in the delineation of dynamic surface water characteristics (occurrence and extent) in very small-sized water bodies (i.e., <0.5 ha), allowing for uninterrupted surface water time series forecasting at high spatiotemporal detail, and over extensive areas. Given the water constraints in semiarid regions and water resources vulnerability to climate change, our results show high potential for supporting a variety of activities underlying rural development and biodiversity conservation. Additionally, the socio-ecological applications of this research may help identify surface water anomalies (e.g., drought events) and enhance sustainable water supply governance, a particular priority in climate change hotspots. Highlights Surface water occurrence and extent was modeled across three semiarid regions Sentinel-1&2 data was compared with Landsat for characterizing very small water bodies Models based on Sentinel-1&2 resulted in a satisfactory classification precision Very high series completeness across seasons was found using Sentinel-1&2 data Sentinel-1&2 data was more reliable than Landsat when compared to verification data\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1101/2024.03.03.583180\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3ada6e11ed9fa4feb24823fafca188283f3f943c\",\n \"result_position\": 16,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 197565645,\n \"title\": \"Fusion of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 image time series for permanent and temporary surface water mapping\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Remote Sensing\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"F. Bioresita\",\n \"A. Puissant\",\n \"A. Stumpf\",\n \"J. Malet\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"ABSTRACT Monitoring the spatial and temporal extents of permanent and temporary bodies of surface water is important for various applications such as water resource management, climate modelling, and biodiversity conservation. Satellite remote sensing is an effective source of information to detect surface water over large areas and document their evolution in time. Recently, the European Space Agency (ESA) launched freely available SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) and optical sensors (Sentinel-1 & 2) with high revisiting time and spatial resolution. The objective of this paper is to explore the contribution of multi-temporal and multi-source (passive and active) Sentinel observations for improving the detection and mapping of surface waters by applying decision-level image fusion techniques. The approach is tested over Central Ireland using a time series of 16 Sentinel-1 images and a few Sentinel-2 images for the period 2015–2016. Compared to a mono-date approach, the combination of Sentinel-1 & 2 observations provides better accuracy for mapping permanent surface water. Decision level fusion technique allows mapping temporary surface water (such as flooding) with a high accuracy. It also gives the possibility to monitor their dynamics by providing the probability of occurrence of flooded areas at the pixel level.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/01431161.2019.1624869\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9549ed0d41e369deeb2e6d3d88534764835a3b0f\",\n \"result_position\": 17,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 276944852,\n \"title\": \"Quantification of the Flood Discharge Following the 2023 Kakhovka Dam Breach Using Satellite Remote Sensing\",\n \"venue\": \"Water Resources Research\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Shuang-qing Yi\",\n \"Hao‐si Li\",\n \"Shin‐Chan Han\",\n \"N. Sneeuw\",\n \"Chunyu Yuan\",\n \"Chunqiao Song\",\n \"In‐Young Yeo\",\n \"Christopher M. McCullough\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Fourteen months post the Ukrainian‐Russian war outbreak, the Kakhovka Dam collapsed, leading to weeks of catastrophic flooding. Yet, scant details exist regarding the reservoir draining process. By using a new technique for processing gravimetric satellite orbital observations, this study succeeded in recovering continuous changes in reservoir mass with a temporal resolution of 2–5 days. By integrating these variations with satellite imagery and altimetry data into a hydrodynamic model, we derived the effective width and length of the breach and the subsequent 30‐day evolution of the reservoir discharge. Our model reveals that the initial volumetric flow rate is (5.7±0.8)×104 $(5.7\\\\mathit{\\\\pm }0.8)\\\\times {10}^{4}$ m3/s, approximately 28 times the average flow of the Dnipro River. After 30 days, the water level in the reservoir had dropped by 12.6±1.1 $12.6\\\\mathit{\\\\pm }1.1$ m and its water volume was almost completely depleted by 20.4±1.4 $20.4\\\\mathit{\\\\pm }1.4$ km3. In addition, this event provides a rare opportunity to examine the discharge coefficient—a key modeling parameter—of giant reservoirs, which we find to be 0.8–1.0, significantly larger than the ∼0.6 value previously measured in the laboratory, indicating that this parameter may be related to the reservoir scale. This study demonstrates a paradigm of utilizing multiple remote sensing techniques to address observational challenges posed by extreme hydrological events.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1029/2024WR038314\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e3858676b5ee7371fc6ed03829c1b9c7867b20d1\",\n \"result_position\": 18,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 273811330,\n \"title\": \"Mapping global floods with 10 years of satellite radar data\",\n \"venue\": \"Nature Communications\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Amit Misra\",\n \"Kevin White\",\n \"S. Nsutezo\",\n \"William Straka\",\n \"Juan Lavista\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Floods cause extensive global damage annually, making effective monitoring essential. While satellite observations have proven invaluable for flood detection and tracking, comprehensive global flood datasets spanning extended time periods remain scarce. In this study, we introduce a deep learning flood detection model that leverages the cloud-penetrating capabilities of Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite imagery, enabling consistent flood extent mapping through cloud cover and in both day and night conditions. By applying this model to 10 years of SAR data, we create a unique, longitudinal global flood extent dataset with predictions unaffected by cloud coverage, offering comprehensive and consistent insights into historically flood-prone areas over the past decade. We use our model predictions to identify historically flood-prone areas in Ethiopia and demonstrate real-time disaster response capabilities during the May 2024 floods in Kenya. Additionally, our longitudinal analysis reveals potential increasing trends in global flood extent over time, although further validation is required to explore links to climate change. To maximize impact, we provide public access to both our model predictions and a code repository, empowering researchers and practitioners worldwide to advance flood monitoring and enhance disaster response strategies. Analysis of 10 years of satellite radar data with a deep learning model reveals historical flood patterns often missed in prior datasets. This dataset also enables analysis of trends in flooding, showing hints of increases in flood extent over time.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s41467-025-60973-1\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a8b8364dda05ec1539a4e321af3b89746d9cd7ce\",\n \"result_position\": 19,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 266743501,\n \"title\": \"Satellite mapping reveals extensive industrial activity at sea\",\n \"venue\": \"Nature\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Fernando S Paolo\",\n \"D. Kroodsma\",\n \"J. Raynor\",\n \"Timothy Hochberg\",\n \"P. Davis\",\n \"Jesse Cleary\",\n \"Luca Marsaglia\",\n \"Sara Orofino\",\n \"Christian Thomas\",\n \"Patrick N. Halpin\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The world’s population increasingly relies on the ocean for food, energy production and global trade^ 1 – 3 , yet human activities at sea are not well quantified^ 4 , 5 . We combine satellite imagery, vessel GPS data and deep-learning models to map industrial vessel activities and offshore energy infrastructure across the world’s coastal waters from 2017 to 2021. We find that 72–76% of the world’s industrial fishing vessels are not publicly tracked, with much of that fishing taking place around South Asia, Southeast Asia and Africa. We also find that 21–30% of transport and energy vessel activity is missing from public tracking systems. Globally, fishing decreased by 12 ± 1% at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and had not recovered to pre-pandemic levels by 2021. By contrast, transport and energy vessel activities were relatively unaffected during the same period. Offshore wind is growing rapidly, with most wind turbines confined to small areas of the ocean but surpassing the number of oil structures in 2021. Our map of ocean industrialization reveals changes in some of the most extensive and economically important human activities at sea. Satellite imagery, vessel GPS data and deep-learning models are used to map industrial fishing vessel activities missing from public tracking systems and changes in offshore energy infrastructure in the world’s coastal waters during 2017–2021.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s41586-023-06825-8\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ab921ddb86682eb28364031b36436c546506ea78\",\n \"result_position\": 20,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 260076793,\n \"title\": \"Monitoring Braided River-Bed Dynamics at the Sub-Event Time Scale Using Time Series of Sentinel-1 SAR Imagery\",\n \"venue\": \"Remote Sensing\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"D. Rossi\",\n \"G. Zolezzi\",\n \"W. Bertoldi\",\n \"A. Vitti\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Remote sensing plays a central role in the assessment of environmental phenomena and has increasingly become a powerful tool for monitoring shorelines, river morphology, flood-wave delineation and flood assessment. Optical-based monitoring and the characterization of river evolution at long time scales is a key tool in fluvial geomorphology. However, the evolution occurring during extreme events is crucial for the understanding of the river dynamics under severe flow conditions and requires the processing of data from active sensors to overcome cloud obstructions. This work proposes a cloud-based unsupervised algorithm for the intra-event monitoring of river dynamics during extreme flow conditions based on the time series of Sentinel-1 SAR data. The method allows the extraction of multi-temporal series of spatially explicit geometric parameters at high temporal and spatial resolutions, linking them to the hydrometric levels acquired by reference gauge stations. The intra-event reconstruction of inundation dynamics has led to (1) the estimation of the relationship between hydrometric level and wet area extension and (2) the assessment of bank erosion phenomena. In the first case, the behavior exhibits a change when the hydrometric level exceeds 1 m. In the second case, the erosion rate and cumulative lateral erosion were evaluated. The maximum erosion velocity was greater than 1 m/h, while the cumulative lateral erosion reached 130 m. Time series of SAR acquisitions, provided by Sentinel-1 satellites, were analyzed to quantify changes in the wet area of a reach of the Tagliamento river under different flow conditions. The algorithm, developed within the Python-API of GEE, can support many types of analyses of river dynamics, including morphological changes, floods monitoring, and bio-physical habitat dynamics. The results encourage future advancements and applications of the algorithm, specifically exploring SAR data from ICEYE and Capella Space constellations, which offer significantly higher spatial and temporal resolutions compared to Sentinel-1 data.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/rs15143622\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9b86e21b77b20fea2415fa0c37999fd9486b3d3f\",\n \"result_position\": 21,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 34932756,\n \"title\": \"Detection of Irrigated Crops from Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 Data to Estimate Seasonal Groundwater Use in South India\",\n \"venue\": \"Remote Sensing\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"S. Ferrant\",\n \"A. Selles\",\n \"M. L. Page\",\n \"Pierre-Alexis Herrault\",\n \"Charlotte Pelletier\",\n \"Ahmad Al Bitar\",\n \"S. Mérmoz\",\n \"S. Gascoin\",\n \"A. Bouvet\",\n \"M. Saqalli\",\n \"B. Dewandel\",\n \"Y. Caballero\",\n \"Shakeel Ahmed\",\n \"J. Maréchal\",\n \"Y. Kerr\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Indian agriculture relies on monsoon rainfall and irrigation from surface and groundwater. The interannual variability of monsoon rainfalls is high, which forces South Indian farmers to adapt their irrigated areas to local water availability. In this study, we have developed and tested a methodology for monitoring these spatiotemporal variations using Sentinel-1 and -2 observations over the Kudaliar catchment, Telangana State (~1000 km2). These free radar and optical data have been acquired since 2015 on a weekly basis over continental areas, at a high spatial resolution (10–20 m) that is well adapted to the small areas of South Indian field crops. A machine learning algorithm, the Random Forest method, was used over three growing seasons (January to March and July to November 2016 and January to March 2017) to classify small patches of inundated rice paddy, maize, and other irrigated crops, as well as surface water stored in the small reservoirs scattered across the landscape. The crop production comprises only irrigated crops (less than 20% of the areas) during the dry season (Rabi, December to March), to which rain-fed cotton is added to reach 60% of the areas during the monsoon season (Kharif, June to November). Sentinel-1 radar backscatter provides useful observations during the cloudy monsoon season. The lowest irrigated area totals were found during Rabi 2016 and Kharif 2016, accounting for 3.5 and 5% with moderate classification confusion. This confusion decreases with increasing areas of irrigated crops during Rabi 2017. During this season, 16% of rice and 6% of irrigated crops were detected after the exceptional rainfalls observed in September. Surface water in small surface reservoirs reached 3% of the total area, which corresponds to a high value. The use of both Sentinel datasets improves the method accuracy and strengthens our confidence in the resulting maps. This methodology shows the potential of automatically monitoring, in near real time, the high short term variability of irrigated area totals in South India, as a proxy for estimating irrigated water and groundwater needs. These are estimated over the study period to range from 49.5 ± 0.78 mm (1.5% uncertainty) in Rabi 2016, and 44.9 ± 2.9 mm (6.5% uncertainty) in the Kharif season, to 226.2 ± 5.8 mm (2.5% uncertainty) in Rabi 2017. This variation must be related to groundwater recharge estimates that range from 10 mm to 160 mm·yr−1 in the Hyderabad region. These dynamic agro-hydrological variables estimated from Sentinel remote sensing data are crucial in calibrating runoff, aquifer recharge, water use and evapotranspiration for the spatially distributed agro-hydrological models employed to quantify the impacts of agriculture on water resources.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/RS9111119\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0b6c43681c9eb974216473a8edb8f1fb2da721f6\",\n \"result_position\": 22,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 237390499,\n \"title\": \"MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT OF AGRI-URBAN LAND CONVERSION USING MULTI-SENSOR REMOTE SENSING AND GIS TECHNIQUES\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"D. Fargas Jr.\",\n \"G. Narciso\",\n \"A. Blanco\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Continuous agricultural land conversion poses threat to food security but this has not been monitored due to ineffectual policies. One of the Philippine provinces with a high rate of conversion is the rice-producing province of Cavite. To assess the spatiotemporal dynamics of agricultural land conversion in Cavite, this study aims to develop an operational methodology to produce Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) change maps using a multi-sensor remote sensing approach for decision making and planning. LULC maps were generated using Random Forest Classification of Landsat 8 and Sentinel-1 image collections. Spectral indices, combinations of radar polarizations (VV, VH), and their principal components were included to improve its accuracy. Conversion maps were generated by taking the bi-annual difference of LULC maps from 2016 to 2019. Accuracy was assessed using visual inspection with Google Earth Pro. Classification was carried out using single-sensor (optical or radar) and multi-sensor (optical and radar) approach in combination with three feature selection algorithms, namely, Sandri and Zuccolotto (2006), Liaw and Wiener (2015), Kursa and Rudnicki (2010). Multi-sensor and single sensor yielded similarly high overall accuracies (OA = 96%) with the exception of single-sensor radar approach (OA = 53%). Multi-sensor approaches exhibit high accuracies (Cumulative Accuracy = 91%) in detecting agricultural to built-up LULC change up to 5,000 square meters unlike single-sensor optical approach (Cumulative Accuracy = 76%). Among the multi-sensor approaches, the method of Liaw and Wiener (2015) remains to be superior as it only uses eight (8) variables.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5194/isprs-annals-v-3-2021-117-2021\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5c732a2a23e572faa4f1bf7de63d67e01446a3e6\",\n \"result_position\": 23,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 253054964,\n \"title\": \"Tracking transient boreal wetland inundation with Sentinel-1 SAR: Peace-Athabasca Delta, Alberta and Yukon Flats, Alaska\",\n \"venue\": \"GIScience & Remote Sensing\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Changzhu Huang\",\n \"L. Smith\",\n \"E. Kyzivat\",\n \"J. Fayne\",\n \"Yisen Ming\",\n \"C. Spence\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"ABSTRACT Accurate and frequent mapping of transient wetland inundation in the boreal region is critical for monitoring the ecological and societal functions of wetlands. Satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has long been used to map wetlands due to its sensitivity to surface inundation and ability to penetrate clouds, darkness, and certain vegetation canopies. Here, we track boreal wetland inundation by developing a two-step modified decision-tree algorithm implemented in Google Earth Engine using Sentinel-1 C-band SAR and Sentinel-2 Multispectral Instrument (MSI) time-series data as inputs. This approach incorporates temporal as well as spatial characteristics of SAR backscatter and is evaluated for the Peace-Athabasca Delta, Alberta (PAD), and Yukon Flats, Alaska (YF) from May 2017 to October 2019. Within these two boreal study areas, we map spatiotemporal patterns in wetland inundation classes of Open Water (OW), Floating Plants (FP), Emergent Plants (EP), and Flooded Vegetation (FV). Temporal variability, frequency, and maximum extents of transient wetland inundation are quantified. Retrieved inundation estimates are compared with in-situ field mapping obtained during the NASA Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE), and a multi-temporal Landsat-derived surface water map. Over the 2017–2019 study period, we find that fractional inundation area ranged from 18.0% to 19.0% in the PAD, and from 10.7% to 12.1% in the YF. Transient wetland inundation covered ~595 km2 of the PAD, comprising ~9.1% of its landscape, and ~102 km2 of the YF, comprising ~3.6%. The implications of these findings for wetland function monitoring, and estimating landscape-scale methane emissions are discussed, together with limitations and uncertainties of our approach. We conclude that time series of Sentinel-1 C-band SAR backscatter, screened with Sentinel-2 MSI optical imagery and validated by field measurements, offer a valuable tool for tracking transient boreal wetland inundation. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/15481603.2022.2134620\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7c31c0499459d7ee3cf7b50c621209d52cc0b8bf\",\n \"result_position\": 24,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 235097929,\n \"title\": \"The deadliest tropical cyclone ‘Amphan’: investigate the natural flood inundation over south 24 Parganas using google earth engine\",\n \"venue\": \"Safety in Extreme Environments\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"B. Halder\",\n \"S. Das\",\n \"Jatisankar Bandyopadhyay\",\n \"Papiya Banik\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Climate change is hammering the environment, socio-economic condition, vegetation degradation, earth surface change and over the land losses. In between 2019 and 2020, West Bengal people are facing three major cyclones like, Fani, Bulbul and the last was Amphan. Those natural disasters were affected in vegetation, hammering crop production, water quality change, life losses and affected in the ecosystem. 20th May 2020 Amphan was entering in West Bengal and occur several damaged. Seventy two people of West Bengal were lost their life and several months over the southern parts of West Bengal are facing huge land scarcity and salt-water intrusion on the mainland. Over 13.6 billion dollar was losses due to this cyclone. Google Earth Engine (GEE) is a cloud-based platform to detect earth observation using high spatial satellite data with planetary-scale analysis capabilities. C-band Sentinel-1A Synthetic Aperture Radar is used to identifying the flood inundation on Google Earth Engine (GEE). Landsat 8 OLI data is used for MNDWI calculation on this area. Pre-Amphan and during Amphan two satellite data are clearly showing the water increased area. The Coastal area like Sagar Island (154.254 Sq.km), Ghoramara Island, Mousuni Island, G-Plot, L-Block and some parts of riverside most affected by this cyclone. Kultali (187.254 Sq.km) followed by Kulpi (156.86 Sq.km), Namkhana (198.485 Sq.km) and Basanti (129.53 Sq.km) area under flooded during this cyclone. During COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing is the main problem on cyclone shelter house and relief camp. This area has faced those two disasters at the same time.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s42797-021-00035-z\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cc19aa63abf62c37ac07bbe6d33f042b09d5eac3\",\n \"result_position\": 25,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 249267108,\n \"title\": \"RGB-BASED DEEP SURFACE WATER CONTOUR DETECTION\",\n \"venue\": \"The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Alsamman\",\n \"M. Syed\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract. The application of remote monitoring of surface water has focused primarily on the detection of water bodies using expensive multi-spectral IR sensors. However, critical information about surface water bodies, particularly the dynamic behavior, is better derived from water contours. We show that water body detection is inadequate in accurately capturing the contours. Furthermore, we argue that RGB-based detection should be sufficient for accurate water detection. We present a new global dataset of remote sensing images obtained from Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 missions and contour labeled to assist in this effort. We propose a unique UNet-style contour detection system that utilizes multiscale filters to detect contours accurately. Comparisons between our proposed system, existing water detection, and other segmentation and contour detection systems show the system's effectiveness in detecting water.\\n\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b3-2022-827-2022\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f04dee7e305b162680c6c273fc5753fcecb146fe\",\n \"result_position\": 26,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 248676957,\n \"title\": \"Detection of Flood Extent Using Sentinel-1A/B Synthetic Aperture Radar: An Application for Hurricane Harvey, Houston, TX\",\n \"venue\": \"Remote Sensing\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"K. Tiampo\",\n \"Lingcao Huang\",\n \"Conor Simmons\",\n \"Clay Woods\",\n \"M. Glasscoe\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The increasing number of flood events combined with coastal urbanization has contributed to significant economic losses and damage to buildings and infrastructure. Development of higher resolution SAR flood mapping that accurately identifies flood features at all scales can be incorporated into operational flood forecasting tools, improving response and resilience to large flood events. Here, we present a comparison of several methods for characterizing flood inundation using a combination of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) remote sensing data and machine learning methods. We implement two applications with SAR GRD data, an amplitude thresholding technique applied, for the first time, to Sentinel-1A/B SAR data, and a machine learning technique, DeepLabv3+. We also apply DeepLabv3+ to a false color RGB characterization of dual polarization SAR data. Analyses at 10 m pixel spacing are performed for the major flood event associated with Hurricane Harvey and associated inundation in Houston, TX in August of 2017. We compare these results with high-resolution aerial optical images over this time period, acquired by the NOAA Remote Sensing Division. We compare the results with NDWI produced from Sentinel-2 images, also at 10 m pixel spacing, and statistical testing suggests that the amplitude thresholding technique is the most effective, although the machine learning analysis is successful at reproducing the inundation shape and extent. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of flood inundation mapping at unprecedented resolutions and its potential for use in operational emergency hazard response to large flood events.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/rs14092261\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6e7d903c4727078f18c7d6d19ca47f17a921fe18\",\n \"result_position\": 27,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 258262733,\n \"title\": \"Using Sentinel-1 and Google Earth Engine cloud computing for detecting historical flood hazards in tropical urban regions: a case of Dar es Salaam\",\n \"venue\": \"Geomatics, Natural Hazards & Risk\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Biadgilgn Demissie\",\n \"S. Vanhuysse\",\n \"T. Grippa\",\n \"C. Flasse\",\n \"E. Wolff\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract This study investigates the potential of freely available Sentinel-1 imagery coupled with Google Earth Engine (GEE) for mapping and monitoring flooding in Dar es Salaam. Sentinel-1 images (n = 55) available during the rainy season (March–May) since 2016 were used and processed in GEE. For separating water and land surfaces, we used a histogram-based automatic thresholding method. The binarization accuracy was assessed using confusion matrix based on 1064 randomly generated points in GEE. Overall accuracy of 95% (Kappa = 0.90) were achieved. Dar es Salaam has experienced flood inundation per flood event on average over an area of 50 km2 in March 2019 and 2021. Territories located along the Ocean and inland water shores, built and bare ground were subject to flooding compared to other land cover types. Flooding inundations have been difficult to detect in the city center. With the current temporal and spatial resolution of Sentinel-1, flood detection in city centers remains a challenge yet. However, Sentinel-1 images, coupled with GEE cloud computing simplified flood mapping and monitoring in a large urban region and this approach can be applied in other large cities and their surroundings for countries where data gap and lack of processing tools are critical challenges.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/19475705.2023.2202296\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/269fb2adf1a2433c6b45957e811bc04cd2a43c79\",\n \"result_position\": 28,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 53944028,\n \"title\": \"Long-Term Surface Water Dynamics Analysis Based on Landsat Imagery and the Google Earth Engine Platform: A Case Study in the Middle Yangtze River Basin\",\n \"venue\": \"Remote Sensing\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Chao Wang\",\n \"M. Jia\",\n \"Nengcheng Chen\",\n \"Wei Wang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Dynamics of surface water is of great significance to understand the impacts of global changes and human activities on water resources. Remote sensing provides many advantages in monitoring surface water; however, in large scale, the efficiency of traditional remote sensing methods is extremely low because these methods consume a high amount of manpower, storage, and computing resources. In this paper, we propose a new method for quickly determining what the annual maximal and minimal surface water extent is. The maximal and minimal water extent in the year of 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2017 in the Middle Yangtze River Basin in China were calculated on the Google Earth Engine platform. This approach takes full advantage of the data and computing advantages of the Google Earth Engine’s cloud platform, processed 2343 scenes of Landsat images. Firstly, based on the estimated value of cloud cover for each pixel, the high cloud covered pixels were removed to eliminate the cloud interference and improve the calculation efficiency. Secondly, the annual greenest and wettest images were mosaiced based on vegetation index and surface water index, then the minimum and maximum surface water extents were obtained by the Random Forest Classification. Results showed that (1) the yearly minimal surface water extents were 14,751.23 km2, 14,403.48 km2, 13,601.48 km2, and 15,697.42 km2, in the year of 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2017, respectively. (2) The yearly maximal surface water extents were 18,174.76 km2, 20,671.83 km2, 19,097.73 km2, and 18,235.95 km2, in the year of 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2017, respectively. (3) The accuracies of surface water classification ranged from 86% to 93%. Additionally, the causes of these changes were analyzed. The accuracy evaluation and comparison with other research results show that this method is reliable, novel, and fast in terms of calculating the maximal and minimal surface water extent. In addition, the proposed method can easily be implemented in other regions worldwide.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/rs10101635\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7b89888252dcbee205399b010c93f2b107a4e6d5\",\n \"result_position\": 29,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 261631258,\n \"title\": \"Investigation of Meteorological Effects on Çivril Lake, Turkey, with Sentinel-2 Data on Google Earth Engine Platform\",\n \"venue\": \"Sustainability\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Pinar Karakus\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Lakes and reservoirs, comprising surface water bodies that vary significantly seasonally, play an essential role in the global water cycle due to their ability to hold, store, and clean water. They are crucial to our planet’s ecology and climate systems. This study analyzed Harmonized Sentinel-2 images using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform to examine the short-term changes in the surface water bodies of Çivril Lake from March 2018 to March 2023 with meteorological data and lake surface water temperature (LSWT). This study used the Sentinel-2 Level-2A archive, a cloud filter, the NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index), NDWI (normalized difference water index), MNDWI (modified NDWI), and SWI (Sentinel water index) methods on lake surfaces utilizing the GEE platform and the random forests (RFs) method to calculate the water surface areas. The information on the water surfaces collected between March 2018 and March 2023 was used to track the trend of changes in the lake’s area. The seasonal (spring, summer, autumn, and winter) yearly and monthly changes in water areas were identified. Precipitation, evaporation, and temperature are gathered meteorological parameters that impact the observed variation in surface water bodies for the same area. The correlations between the lake area reduction and the chosen meteorological parameters revealed a strong positive or negative significant association. Meteorological parameters and human activities selected during different seasons, months, and years have directly affected the shrinkage of the lake area.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/su151813398\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1272ecbd51bca8d31b2bd29114ef180a09430033\",\n \"result_position\": 30,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 209436799,\n \"title\": \"Statistical Analysis of Changes in Sentinel-1 Time Series on the Google Earth Engine\",\n \"venue\": \"Remote Sensing\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Canty\",\n \"A. Nielsen\",\n \"K. Conradsen\",\n \"H. Skriver\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Time series analysis of Sentinel-1 SAR imagery made available by the Google Earth Engine (GEE) is described. Advantage is taken of a recent modification of a sequential complex Wishart-based algorithm which is applicable to the dual polarization intensity data archived on the GEE. Both the algorithm and a software interface to the GEE Python API for convenient data exploration and analysis are presented; the latter can be run from a platform independent Docker container and the source code is available on GitHub. Application examples are given involving the monitoring of anthropogenic activity (shipping, uranium mining, deforestation) and disaster assessment (flash floods). These highlight the advantages of the good temporal resolution resulting from cloud cover independence, short revisit times and near real time data availability.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/rs12010046\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ccc7987976cfca847351e4d2d011049a52da640f\",\n \"result_position\": 31,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 258935111,\n \"title\": \"A New and Automated Method for Improving Georeferencing in Nighttime Thermal ECOSTRESS Imagery\",\n \"venue\": \"Italian National Conference on Sensors\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Agnieszka Soszyńska\",\n \"H. Werff\",\n \"J. Hieronymus\",\n \"C. Hecker\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Georeferencing accuracy plays a crucial role in providing high-quality ready-to-use remote sensing data. The georeferencing of nighttime thermal satellite imagery conducted by matching to a basemap is challenging due to the complexity of thermal radiation patterns in the diurnal cycle and the coarse resolution of thermal sensors in comparison to sensors used for imaging in the visual spectral range (which is typically used for creating basemaps). The presented paper introduces a novel approach for the improvement of the georeferencing of nighttime thermal ECOSTRESS imagery: an up-to-date reference is created for each to-be-georeferenced image, derived from land cover classification products. In the proposed method, edges of water bodies are used as matching objects, since water bodies exhibit a relatively high contrast with adjacent areas in nighttime thermal infrared imagery. The method was tested on imagery of the East African Rift and validated using manually set ground control check points. The results show that the proposed method improves the existing georeferencing of the tested ECOSTRESS images by 12.0 pixels on average. The strongest source of uncertainty for the proposed method is the accuracy of cloud masks because cloud edges can be mistaken for water body edges and included in fitting transformation parameters. The georeferencing improvement method is based on the physical properties of radiation for land masses and water bodies, which makes it potentially globally applicable, and is feasible to use with nighttime thermal infrared data from different sensors.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/s23115079\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b98ad8616de93be50f02d70c676853cbb0b21a78\",\n \"result_position\": 32,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 265579369,\n \"title\": \"Available satellite data for monitoring small and seasonally flooded wetlands in semi‐arid environments of southern Africa\",\n \"venue\": \"Ecohydrology\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Siyamthanda Gxokwe\",\n \"Timothy Dube\",\n \"Dominic Mazvimavi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Time‐series monitoring of wetland eco‐hydrological dynamics using remote sensing continues to be an attractive and practical tool, mainly due to its ability to overcome challenges related to in situ data availability. However, acquiring seamless and cloud‐free data for accurate and routine wetlands monitoring remains a persistent challenge. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the availability of satellite scenes in the Google Earth Engine (GEE) catalogue that could facilitate the monitoring of eco‐hydrological dynamics in small and seasonally flooded wetlands within the semi‐arid environments of southern Africa. The study covered a 20‐year period from 2000 to 2020, with a specific focus on the Nylsvley floodplain as a case study. The study conducted a comprehensive assessment of available products on the GEE platform, including Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM), Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+), Operational Land Imager (OLI), Sentinel‐1 and Sentinel‐2. The identified images underwent rigorous filtering and screening based on varying cloud‐cover percentages (0%, 1%–10%, 11%–25% and 26%–50%). The results revealed a considerable number of satellite products (1376) available for the study period. Specifically, there were 492 Landsat images, 394 Sentinel‐1 images and 490 Sentinel‐2 images. Amongst these, Sentinel‐2 and Landsat‐7 had the highest number of images (69% and 76%, respectively) with cloud‐cover percentages ranging from 0% to 20%. However, images with cloud cover exceeding 26% were excluded from the analysis. Further analysis indicated that using satellite images with 0% cloud cover resulted in an overall accuracy (OA) ranging between 69% and 72%, while 1%–10% cloud cover had an OA ranging between 68% and 70%, and 11%–25% cloud cover had an OA ranging between 69% and 80.55% for both the dry and wet seasons. Overall, the classification results demonstrated satisfactory OAs (68%–82%) for all scenes, with some inaccuracies observed for certain classes, notably bare surface and long grass. These inaccuracies were particularly evident when using Landsat‐7 scenes, attributable to the spatial resolution of the data. The findings emphasised the availability of a substantial amount of archival satellite data, capable of monitoring small and seasonally flooded wetlands, providing valuable insights into the eco‐hydrological dynamics of these ecosystems. Moreover, the study highlighted the benefits of cloud‐computing platforms like GEE in addressing challenges associated with big data filtering, processing and analytics, thereby enhancing environmental monitoring and assessments, which may have been limited by the unavailability of advanced processing tools and seamless cloud‐free data.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1002/eco.2605\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8f64f7d60fc6484379a2563ac01d9767c3abc748\",\n \"result_position\": 33,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 277735768,\n \"title\": \"Remote sensing with machine learning for multi-decadal surface water monitoring in Ethiopia\",\n \"venue\": \"Scientific Reports\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Mathias Tesfaye\",\n \"Lutz Breuer\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Monitoring the temporal evolution of surface water distribution is crucial to support surface water management and conservation, and could also effectively contribute to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6) ‘Clean Water and Sanitation’ at the regional level. Despite its importance, there is a lack of an operational method for determining surface water extent that also shows the interannual variability in Ethiopia. We assess Gradient Tree Boosting (GTB), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Random Forest (RF) running on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) using Landsat for surface water monitoring at four sites in Ethiopia from 1986 to 2023. The results show that GTB, RF, and SVM have excellent classification accuracies, with overall, producer, and user accuracies consistently above 90%. GTB slightly outperforms the other two machine learning methods. The estimated water cover for our study sites shows a high degree of agreement with a benchmark dataset from the Joint Research Center (JRC), as indicated by coefficient of determination (R2) > 0.9 and root mean square percentage error (RMSPE) < 1%. The surface water dynamics of the four study sites depict a long-term increasing trend from 1986 to 2023, characterized by notable inter-annual variability. We identify the locations of this variability by analyzing the frequency of water occurrence over time and find that 84–94% are permanent water bodies, with the remaining water surface area changing over time. Mann–Kendall trend analysis does not confirm a general pattern over time for the four sites, suggesting that local site characteristics, water management and anthropogenic impacts are superimposed on the likely effects of climate change. Therefore, our results provide spatiotemporal information for surface water monitoring to support water resource management and policy in Ethiopia. This could also effectively contribute to the sustainable use and achievement of SDG 6 at the regional level.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s41598-025-96955-y\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/81d1517ddc2aaa0b1f828e5c4772308091c6bd7d\",\n \"result_position\": 34,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 277786991,\n \"title\": \"A comprehensive review of remote sensing in wetland classification and mapping\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"S. Yuan\",\n \"Xiangan Liang\",\n \"Tianwu Lin\",\n \"Shuang Chen\",\n \"Rui Liu\",\n \"Jie Wang\",\n \"Hongsheng Zhang\",\n \"Peng Gong\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Wetlands constitute critical ecosystems that support both biodiversity and human well-being; however, they have experienced a significant decline since the 20th century. Back in the 1970s, researchers began to employ remote sensing technologies for wetland classification and mapping to elucidate the extent and variations of wetlands. Although some review articles summarized the development of this field, there is a lack of a thorough and in-depth understanding of wetland classification and mapping: (1) the scientific importance of wetlands, (2) major data, methods used in wetland classification and mapping, (3) driving factors of wetland changes, (4) current research paradigm and limitations, (5) challenges and opportunities in wetland classification and mapping under the context of technological innovation and global environmental change. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive perspective and new insights into wetland classification and mapping for readers to answer these questions. First, we conduct a meta-analysis of over 1,200 papers, encompassing wetland types, methods, sensor types, and study sites, examining prevailing trends in wetland classification and mapping. Next, we review and synthesize the wetland features and existing data and methods in wetland classification and mapping. We also summarize typical wetland mapping products and explore the intrinsic driving factors of wetland changes across multiple spatial and temporal scales. Finally, we discuss current limitations and propose future directions in response to global environmental change and technological innovation. This review consolidates our understanding of wetland remote sensing and offers scientific recommendations that foster transformative progress in wetland science.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2504.10842\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/82ac1bcac93cb545f8b0b4dcd547ac49840d36d2\",\n \"result_position\": 35,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 132700375,\n \"title\": \"Mapping Wetland Dynamics With SAR-Based Change Detection in the Cloud\",\n \"venue\": \"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Javier Muro\",\n \"Adrian Strauch\",\n \"E. Fitoka\",\n \"Maria Tompoulidou\",\n \"Frank Thonfeld\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The wetlands are often coupled with anthropogenic systems. This makes them highly dynamic, and thus difficult to map and monitor from space. The Sentinel-1 constellation allows monitoring land changes regardless of cloud conditions and with a high frequency of pass. We use a time series of 33 Sentinel-1 dual-polarized images from 2016 to map seasonal changes at the artificial Lake of Kerkini, in Greece. The images are accessed and processed in Google Earth Engine via a Flask web application. Points of change within the time series and frequency of change were determined according to an omnibus-test statistic. The results were compared to an optical-based land cover map and gaging measurements. Frequency of change patterns matched different land cover types, indicating that frequency of change is related to the physical and structural properties of the land cover. This methodology can be used operationally to improve our understanding of ecosystems, enhance land cover maps, and to monitor wetland dynamics as well as cover changes caused by human activities.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/LGRS.2019.2903596\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0cd5a87edf044dfa220f2e83e001eb8eca2e3e98\",\n \"result_position\": 36,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 205252568,\n \"title\": \"High-resolution mapping of global surface water and its long-term changes\",\n \"venue\": \"Nature\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jean-François Pekel\",\n \"A. Cottam\",\n \"N. Gorelick\",\n \"A. Belward\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/nature20584\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f55d60ce22f6beaa659e061efc444bd3a2a24ace\",\n \"result_position\": 37,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 244084901,\n \"title\": \"Automated Training Data Generation from Spectral Indexes for Mapping Surface Water Extent with Sentinel-2 Satellite Imagery at 10 m and 20 m Resolutions\",\n \"venue\": \"Remote Sensing\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"K. Lasko\",\n \"Megan C. Maloney\",\n \"S. J. Becker\",\n \"Andrew W. H. Griffin\",\n \"Susan L. Lyon\",\n \"S. Griffin\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This study presents an automated methodology to generate training data for surface water mapping from a single Sentinel-2 granule at 10 m (4 band, VIS/NIR) or 20 m (9 band, VIS/NIR/SWIR) resolution without the need for ancillary training data layers. The 20 m method incorporates an ensemble of three spectral indexes with optimal band thresholds, whereas the 10 m method achieves similar results using fewer bands and a single spectral index. A spectrally balanced and randomly generated set of training data based on the index values and optimal thresholds is used to fit machine learning classifiers. Statistical validation compares the 20 m ensemble-only method to the 20 m ensemble method with a random forest classifier. Results show the 20 m ensemble-only method had an overall accuracy of 89.5% (±1.7%), whereas the ensemble method combined with the random forest classifier performed better, with a ~4.8% higher overall accuracy: 20 m method (94.3% (±1.3%)) with optimal spectral index and SWIR thresholds of −0.03 and 800, respectively, and 10 m method (93.4% (±1.5%)) with optimal spectral index and NIR thresholds of −0.01 and 800, respectively. Comparison of other supervised classifiers trained automatically with the framework typically resulted in less than 1% accuracy improvement compared with the random forest, suggesting that training data quality is more important than classifier type. This straightforward framework enables accurate surface water classification across diverse geographies, making it ideal for development into a decision support tool for water resource managers.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/rs13224531\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/56692fab5662b0ddaad39e8b50e6e6b746273125\",\n \"result_position\": 38,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 115138040,\n \"title\": \"Mapping Plantations in Myanmar by Fusing Landsat-8, Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-1 Data along with Systematic Error Quantification\",\n \"venue\": \"Remote Sensing\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Poortinga\",\n \"Karis Tenneson\",\n \"A. Shapiro\",\n \"Quyen Nquyen\",\n \"K. S. Aung\",\n \"F. Chishtie\",\n \"D. Saah\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Forests in Southeast Asia are experiencing some of the highest rates of deforestation and degradation in the world, with natural forest species being replaced by cropland and plantation monoculture. In this work, we have developed an innovative method to accurately map rubber and palm oil plantations using fusion of Landsat-8, Sentinel 1 and 2. We applied cloud and shadow masking, bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF), atmospheric and topographic corrections to the optical imagery and a speckle filter and harmonics for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data. In this workflow, we created yearly composites for all sensors and combined the data into a single composite. A series of covariates were calculated from optical bands and sampled using reference data of the land cover classes including surface water, forest, urban and built-up, cropland, rubber, palm oil and mangrove. This training dataset was used to create biophysical probability layers (primitives) for each class. These primitives were then used to create land cover and probability maps in a decision tree logic and Monte-Carlo simulations. Validation showed good overall accuracy (84%) for the years 2017 and 2018. Filtering for validation points with high error estimates improved the accuracy up to 91%. We demonstrated and concluded that error quantification is an essential step in land cover classification and land cover change detection. Our overall analysis supports and presents a path for improving present assessments for sustainable supply chain analyses and associated recommendations.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/RS11070831\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a784ab055fce78b357b3d51e730ba699c7f16b9e\",\n \"result_position\": 39,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 235480871,\n \"title\": \"Accurate extraction of surface water in complex environment based on Google Earth Engine and Sentinel-2\",\n \"venue\": \"PLoS ONE\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jianfeng Li\",\n \"B. Peng\",\n \"Yulu Wei\",\n \"Huping Ye\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"To realize the accurate extraction of surface water in complex environment, this study takes Sri Lanka as the study area owing to the complex geography and various types of water bodies. Based on Google Earth engine and Sentinel-2 images, an automatic water extraction model in complex environment(AWECE) was developed. The accuracy of water extraction by AWECE, NDWI, MNDWI and the revised version of multi-spectral water index (MuWI-R) models was evaluated from visual interpretation and quantitative analysis. The results show that the AWECE model could significantly improve the accuracy of water extraction in complex environment, with an overall accuracy of 97.16%, and an extremely low omission error (0.74%) and commission error (2.35%). The AEWCE model could effectively avoid the influence of cloud shadow, mountain shadow and paddy soil on water extraction accuracy. The model can be widely applied in cloudy, mountainous and other areas with complex environments, which has important practical significance for water resources investigation, monitoring and protection.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1371/journal.pone.0253209\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2d94e817f0ee3424c2b478565a8c07213bf73bd4\",\n \"result_position\": 40,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 238417330,\n \"title\": \"Improving Urban Land Cover Classification with Combined Use of Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-1 Imagery\",\n \"venue\": \"ISPRS Int. J. Geo Inf.\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Bin Hu\",\n \"Yongyang Xu\",\n \"Xiao Huang\",\n \"Q. Cheng\",\n \"Qing Ding\",\n \"Linze Bai\",\n \"Yan Li\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Accurate land cover mapping is important for urban planning and management. Remote sensing data have been widely applied for urban land cover mapping. However, obtaining land cover classification via optical remote sensing data alone is difficult due to spectral confusion. To reduce the confusion between dark impervious surface and water, the Sentinel-1A Synthetic Aperture Rader (SAR) data are synergistically combined with the Sentinel-2B Multispectral Instrument (MSI) data. The novel support vector machine with composite kernels (SVM-CK) approach, which can exploit the spatial information, is proposed to process the combination of Sentinel-2B MSI and Sentinel-1A SAR data. The classification based on the fusion of Sentinel-2B and Sentinel-1A data yields an overall accuracy (OA) of 92.12% with a kappa coefficient (KA) of 0.89, superior to the classification results using Sentinel-2B MSI imagery and Sentinel-1A SAR imagery separately. The results indicate that the inclusion of Sentinel-1A SAR data to Sentinel-2B MSI data can improve the classification performance by reducing the confusion between built-up area and water. This study shows that the land cover classification can be improved by fusing Sentinel-2B and Sentinel-1A imagery.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/ijgi10080533\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c0ccf6c9026547ee2de6782b81172774fe08ab88\",\n \"result_position\": 41,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 229193206,\n \"title\": \"Pyrgi: analysis of possible climatic effects on a coastal archaeological site\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"V. Coletta\",\n \"P. Allasia\",\n \"A. Bonazza\",\n \"A. Ciarravano\",\n \"S. Federico\",\n \"D. Notti\",\n \"F. Prestileo\",\n \"R. C. Torcasio\",\n \"M. Crespi\",\n \"S. Dietrich\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This work refers to an interdisciplinary study on the archaeological site of Pyrgi, an Etruscan harbour still under excavation, located on the Lazio’s coast in Santa Severa, in the province of Rome. The objective of the research is to assess the main cause of the floods and the time the water stays in the site to determine if the floods are periodic phenomena over time or random events for guarantee a correct conservation of the site . The study is based on the combined use of geomatic technologies, meteorological and climatic models, and hydrogeological knowledge.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.36253/978-88-5518-147-1.03\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0ffd5568c39f1e051a6c81a38fb51b7222d68933\",\n \"result_position\": 42,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 239274027,\n \"title\": \"A Google Earth Engine-enabled Python approach for the identification of anthropogenic palaeo-landscape features\",\n \"venue\": \"Open Research Europe\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"F. Brandolini\",\n \"Guillem Domingo Ribas\",\n \"A. Zerboni\",\n \"S. Turner\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The necessity of sustainable development for landscapes has emerged as an important theme in recent decades. Current methods take a holistic approach to landscape heritage and promote an interdisciplinary dialogue to facilitate complementary landscape management strategies. With the socio-economic values of the “natural” and “cultural” landscape heritage increasingly recognised worldwide, remote sensing tools are being used more and more to facilitate the recording and management of landscape heritage. The advent of freeware cloud computing services has enabled significant improvements in landscape research allowing the rapid exploration and processing of satellite imagery such as the Landsat and Copernicus Sentinel datasets. This research represents one of the first applications of the Google Earth Engine (GEE) Python application programming interface (API) in studies of historic landscapes. The complete free and open-source software (FOSS) cloud protocol proposed here consists of a Python code script developed in Google Colab, which could be adapted and replicated in different areas of the world. A multi-temporal approach has been adopted to investigate the potential of Sentinel-2 satellite imagery to detect buried hydrological and anthropogenic features along with spectral index and spectral decomposition analysis. The protocol's effectiveness in identifying palaeo-riverscape features has been tested in the Po Plain (N Italy).\",\n \"doi\": \"10.12688/openreseurope.13135.2\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/da285b14445a3db32041f808afd0c3f995f6e4b4\",\n \"result_position\": 43,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 123018285,\n \"title\": \"Spatiotemporal dynamic of surface water bodies using Landsat time-series data from 1999 to 2011\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2013,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Tulbure\",\n \"M. Broich\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/J.ISPRSJPRS.2013.01.010\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/64e4ee5474fdec5f4dc4dc6a137377ee1aef9f88\",\n \"result_position\": 44,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 229395069,\n \"title\": \"Detecting Harvest Events in Plantation Forest Using Sentinel-1 and -2 Data via Google Earth Engine\",\n \"venue\": \"Forests\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Sifiso Xulu\",\n \"N. Mbatha\",\n \"K. Peerbhay\",\n \"M. Gebreslasie\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"South Africa is reported to experience timber shortages as a result of growing timber demands and pulp production, coupled with the government’s reluctance to grant new forestry permits. Rampant timber theft in the country makes these circumstances worse. The emergence of cloud-based platforms, such as Google Earth Engine (GEE), has greatly improved the accessibility and usability of high spatial and temporal Sentinel-1 and -2 data, especially in data-poor countries that lack high-performance computing systems for forest monitoring. Here, we demonstrate the potential of these resources for forest harvest detection. The results showed that Sentinel-1 data are efficient in detecting clear-cut events; both VH and VV backscatter signals decline sharply in accordance with clear-cutting and increase again when forest biomass increases. When correlated with highly responsive NDII, the VH and VV signals reached the best accuracies of 0.79 and 0.83, whereas the SWIR1 achieved –0.91. A Random Forest (RF) algorithm based on Sentinel-2 data also achieved over 90% accuracies for classifying harvested and forested areas. Overall, our study presents a cost-effective method for mapping clear-cut events in an economically important forestry area of South Africa while using GEE resources.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/f11121283\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7e8c57b82d9a8831d8e0b863f2ad32eb0380fb7e\",\n \"result_position\": 45,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 225029910,\n \"title\": \"Towards a comprehensive and consistent global aquatic land cover characterization framework addressing multiple user needs\",\n \"venue\": \"Remote Sensing of Environment\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Panpan Xu\",\n \"M. Herold\",\n \"N. Tsendbazar\",\n \"J. Clevers\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract Aquatic land cover represents the land cover type that is significantly influenced by the presence of water over an extensive part of a year. Monitoring global aquatic land cover types plays an essential role in preserving aquatic ecosystems and maintaining the ecosystem service they provide for humans, while at the same time their accurate and consistent monitoring for multiple purposes (e.g. climate modelling, biodiversity conservation, water resource management) remains challenging. Although a number of global aquatic land cover (GALC) datasets are available for use to monitor aquatic ecosystems, there are prominent variabilities among these datasets, which is primarily caused by the inconsistency between different land versus water-related monitoring approaches and characterization schemes. As aquatic land cover exists in many different forms on Earth (e.g. wetland, open water) and can be mapped by different approaches, it is necessary to consider a much more consistent and comprehensive characterization framework that not only ensures the consistency in the monitoring of aquatic land cover but also serves the needs of multiple users (e.g. climate users, agricultural users) interested in different aspects of aquatic lands. In this study, we addressed this issue by 1) reviewing 33 GALC datasets and user needs identified from the citing papers of current datasets and international conventions, policies and agreements in relation to aquatic ecosystems, 2) proposing a global characterization framework for aquatic land cover based on the Land Cover Classification System (LCCS) classifier principles and the identified user needs, and 3) highlighting the opportunities and challenges provided by remote sensing techniques for the implementation of the proposed framework. Results show that users require or prefer various kinds of information on aquatic types including vegetation type, water persistence, the artificiality of cover (i.e. artificial vs natural), water salinity, and the accessibility to the sea (i.e. coastal vs inland). Datasets with medium to high spatial resolution, intra-annual dynamics and inter-annual changes are needed by many users. However, none of the existing datasets can meet all these requirements and a rigorous quantitative accuracy assessment is lacking to evaluate its quality for most of the GALC datasets. The proposed framework has three levels and users are allowed to derive their aquatic land cover types of interest by combining different levels and classifiers of information. This comprehensive mapping framework can help to bridge the gap between user needs and current GALC datasets as well as the gap between generic and aquatic land cover monitoring. The implementation of the framework can benefit from evolving satellite-data availability, improved computation capability and open-source machine learning algorithms, although at the same time it faces challenges mainly coming from the complexity of aquatic ecosystems. The framework proposed in this study provides insights for future operational aquatic land cover monitoring initiatives and will support better understanding and monitoring of complex aquatic ecosystems.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.rse.2020.112034\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b87771665620b146e87120cf6604dd2b2f0e36fa\",\n \"result_position\": 46,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 252512429,\n \"title\": \"Water Surface Mapping from Sentinel-1 Imagery Based on Attention-UNet3+: A Case Study of Poyang Lake Region\",\n \"venue\": \"Remote Sensing\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Chaowei Jiang\",\n \"Hong Zhang\",\n \"Chao Wang\",\n \"J. Ge\",\n \"Fan Wu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The mapping of water surfaces is important for water resource and flood monitoring. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images can be used to monitor water bodies and detect floods over large areas. To address the problem of low identification accuracy in different time phases and different scales of water area, a water surface mapping method based on Attention-UNet3+ with SAR images is proposed in this paper. In the model, full-scale skip connections are introduced for combining feature maps from different scales and improving the accuracy of narrow water identification; the spatial attention module is used to obtain the importance of each connected feature, which can reduce the number of false alarms caused by speckle noise and water shadows in SAR data; the deep supervision module is used to learn hierarchical representative features from comprehensive aggregated feature maps to provide the periodic output capability of the model and meet the needs of rapid and large-scale water identification. The effectiveness of Attention-UNet3+ is verified by experiments in the Poyang Lake region with Sentinel-1 SAR images. The results show that the proposed Attention-UNet3+ outperforms the conventional threshold segmentation and deep learning models such as UNet, Deepvlabv3+, and SegNet, with an average IOU/Kappa value of 0.9502/0.9698. Multitemporal Sentinel-1 images in 2021 covering Poyang Lake are used for time series water surface mapping with the proposed method, and it is found that the detected water area of Poyang Lake has a good correlation with the corresponding water level values at observation stations. The Pearson coefficients are about 0.96. The above results indicate that the proposed method achieves good water surface mapping performance.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/rs14194708\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/21fa46adc13e11d8aab0511a1de746acc0a6826f\",\n \"result_position\": 47,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 269151783,\n \"title\": \"Using multisource remotely sensed data and cloud computing approaches to map non-native species in the semi-arid savannah rangelands of Mpumalanga, South Africa\",\n \"venue\": \"The South African Geographical Journal\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"T. Maphanga\",\n \"Timothy Dube\",\n \"C. Shoko\",\n \"M. Sibanda\",\n \"Siyamthanda Gxokwe\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"ABSTRACT Semi-arid savannah rangelands are diverse environments (in terms of species) that play an important role in sustaining biodiversity and providing ecosystem services. However, the emergence of non-native species, as well as bush encroachment, are currently threatening these (semi-arid rangeland and grassland) ecosystems. The purpose of this study was therefore to map and quantify the spatial extents of non-native woody vegetation in the Kruger National Park and surrounding communal areas in Mpumalanga, South Africa. To achieve the study’s objectives, Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 remotely sensed data were combined and analysed using the random forest (RF) machine-learning algorithm in the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud computing platform. Specifically, spectral bands and selected spectral derivatives, e.g. enhanced vegetation index (EVI2), normalized difference moisture index (NDMI) and normalized difference phenology index (NDPI) were computed and used to map non-native woody vegetation. After optimizing the model combination, the classification outputs had an overall accuracy of 70%, with class accuracies such as producer’s accuracy (PA) and user’s accuracy (UA) ranging from 67% to 95%.It was shown in this study that using Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-1 data together led to better overall accuracy than using single sensor models when mapping semi-arid savannah rangelands. It was also found in this study that the overall classification accuracy of non-native (invasive) species using optical sensors was higher than in previous studies. On a free platform like GEE, it was possible to utilize advanced classification processes to fully exploit the informative content of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/03736245.2024.2341660\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/358a6ceb1c0d0cf4fd5e839afb84297aad945269\",\n \"result_position\": 48,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 273707028,\n \"title\": \"AllClear: A Comprehensive Dataset and Benchmark for Cloud Removal in Satellite Imagery\",\n \"venue\": \"Neural Information Processing Systems\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Hangyu Zhou\",\n \"Chia-Hsiang Kao\",\n \"Cheng Perng Phoo\",\n \"Utkarsh Mall\",\n \"B. Hariharan\",\n \"Kavita Bala\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Clouds in satellite imagery pose a significant challenge for downstream applications. A major challenge in current cloud removal research is the absence of a comprehensive benchmark and a sufficiently large and diverse training dataset. To address this problem, we introduce the largest public dataset -- $\\\\textit{AllClear}$ for cloud removal, featuring 23,742 globally distributed regions of interest (ROIs) with diverse land-use patterns, comprising 4 million images in total. Each ROI includes complete temporal captures from the year 2022, with (1) multi-spectral optical imagery from Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8/9, (2) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery from Sentinel-1, and (3) auxiliary remote sensing products such as cloud masks and land cover maps. We validate the effectiveness of our dataset by benchmarking performance, demonstrating the scaling law -- the PSNR rises from $28.47$ to $33.87$ with $30\\\\times$ more data, and conducting ablation studies on the temporal length and the importance of individual modalities. This dataset aims to provide comprehensive coverage of the Earth's surface and promote better cloud removal results.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2410.23891\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/885b4312ac32fce00183d0ebff2f6ad24cd53351\",\n \"result_position\": 49,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 203709190,\n \"title\": \"AGGREGATING CLOUD-FREE SENTINEL-2 IMAGES WITH GOOGLE EARTH ENGINE\",\n \"venue\": \"ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Michael Schmitt\",\n \"L. H. Hughes\",\n \"C. Qiu\",\n \"Xiaoxiang Zhu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract. Cloud coverage is one of the biggest concerns in spaceborne optical remote sensing, because it hampers a continuous monitoring of the Earth’s surface. Based on Google Earth Engine, a web- and cloud-based platform for the analysis and visualization of large-scale geospatial data, we present a fully automatic workflow to aggregate cloud-free Sentinel-2 images for user-defined areas of interest and time periods, which can be significantly shorter than the one-year time frames that are commonly used in other multi-temporal image aggregation approaches. We demonstrate the feasibility of our workflow for several cities spread around the globe and affected by different amounts of average cloud cover. The experimental results confirm that our results are better than the results achieved by standard approaches for cloud-free image aggregation.\\n\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-2-w7-145-2019\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/92fe9ca9b6eba679f1719cefde863ee767aeaf85\",\n \"result_position\": 50,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 232313598,\n \"title\": \"Machine Learning Comparison and Parameter Setting Methods for the Detection of Dump Sites for Construction and Demolition Waste Using the Google Earth Engine\",\n \"venue\": \"Remote Sensing\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Lei Zhou\",\n \"T. Luo\",\n \"Mingyi Du\",\n \"Qiang Chen\",\n \"Yang Liu\",\n \"Yinuo Zhu\",\n \"Congcong He\",\n \"Siyu Wang\",\n \"Kun Yang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Machine learning has been successfully used for object recognition within images. Due to the complexity of the spectrum and texture of construction and demolition waste (C&DW), it is difficult to construct an automatic identification method for C&DW based on machine learning and remote sensing data sources. Machine learning includes many types of algorithms; however, different algorithms and parameters have different identification effects on C&DW. Exploring the optimal method for automatic remote sensing identification of C&DW is an important approach for the intelligent supervision of C&DW. This study investigates the megacity of Beijing, which is facing high risk of C&DW pollution. To improve the classification accuracy of C&DW, buildings, vegetation, water, and crops were selected as comparative training samples based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE), and Sentinel-2 was used as the data source. Three classification methods of typical machine learning algorithms (classification and regression trees (CART), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM)) were selected to classify the C&DW from remote sensing images. Using empirical methods, the experimental trial method, and the grid search method, the optimal parameterization scheme of the three classification methods was studied to determine the optimal method of remote sensing identification of C&DW based on machine learning. Through accuracy evaluation and ground verification, the overall recognition accuracies of CART, RF, and SVM for C&DW were 73.12%, 98.05%, and 85.62%, respectively, under the optimal parameterization scheme determined in this study. Among these algorithms, RF was a better C&DW identification method than were CART and SVM when the number of decision trees was 50. This study explores the robust machine learning method for automatic remote sensing identification of C&DW and provides a scientific basis for intelligent supervision and resource utilization of C&DW.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/rs13040787\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e64dd816b5dfae8ff105c4c5b660e11bc9e92968\",\n \"result_position\": 51,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 7605532,\n \"title\": \"Sentinel-2's Potential for Sub-Pixel Landscape Feature Detection\",\n \"venue\": \"Remote Sensing\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Radoux\",\n \"Guillaume Chomé\",\n \"D. Jacques\",\n \"F. Waldner\",\n \"Nicolas Bellemans\",\n \"Nicolas Matton\",\n \"C. Lamarche\",\n \"R. d’Andrimont\",\n \"P. Defourny\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Land cover and land use maps derived from satellite remote sensing imagery are critical to support biodiversity and conservation, especially over large areas. With its 10 m to 20 m spatial resolution, Sentinel-2 is a promising sensor for the detection of a variety of landscape features of ecological relevance. However, many components of the ecological network are still smaller than the 10 m pixel, i.e., they are sub-pixel targets that stretch the sensor’s resolution to its limit. This paper proposes a framework to empirically estimate the minimum object size for an accurate detection of a set of structuring landscape foreground/background pairs. The developed method combines a spectral separability analysis and an empirical point spread function estimation for Sentinel-2. The same approach was also applied to Landsat-8 and SPOT-5 (Take 5), which can be considered as similar in terms of spectral definition and spatial resolution, respectively. Results show that Sentinel-2 performs consistently on both aspects. A large number of indices have been tested along with the individual spectral bands and target discrimination was possible in all but one case. Overall, results for Sentinel-2 highlight the critical importance of a good compromise between the spatial and spectral resolution. For instance, the Sentinel-2 roads detection limit was of 3 m and small water bodies are separable with a diameter larger than 11 m. In addition, the analysis of spectral mixtures draws attention to the uneven sensitivity of a variety of spectral indices. The proposed framework could be implemented to assess the fitness for purpose of future sensors within a large range of applications.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/RS8060488\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a9d3e039e7645eb3c1e1586077fae34e7bbea396\",\n \"result_position\": 52,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 52305075,\n \"title\": \"An automatic change detection approach for rapid flood mapping in Sentinel-1 SAR data\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yu Li\",\n \"S. Martinis\",\n \"S. Plank\",\n \"R. Ludwig\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract In this paper, a two-step automatic change detection chain for rapid flood mapping based on Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data is presented. First, a reference image is selected from a set of potential image candidates via a Jensen-Shannon (JS) divergence-based index. Second, saliency detection is applied on log-ratio data to derive the prior probabilities of changed and unchanged classes for initializing the following expectation-maximization (EM) based generalized Gaussian mixture model (GGMM). The saliency-guided GGMM is capable of capturing the primary pixel-based change information and handling highly imbalanced datasets. A fully-connected conditional random field (FCRF) model, which takes long-range pairwise potential connections into account, is integrated to remove the ambiguities of the saliency-guided GGMM and to achieve the final change map. The whole process chain is automatic with an efficient computation. The proposed approach was validated on flood events at the Evros River, Greece and the Wharfe River and Ouse River in York, United Kingdom. Kappa coefficients (k) of 0.9238 and 0.8682 were obtained respectively. The sensitivity analysis underlines the robustness of the proposed approach for rapid flood mapping.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.jag.2018.05.023\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/15e1f4c147f4850cd50fbd709cf748595cdd8f97\",\n \"result_position\": 53,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":64,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"The global recognition of CCUS technologies also has a great influence on setting the national strategic approach by demonstrating its viability in EOR, which is important for Indonesia, a developing country that has abundant natural resources and is heavily dependent on global energy trade."},"query_timestamp":{"kind":"string","value":"2025-07-07T18:36:43.283025+00:00"},"thread_id":{"kind":"string","value":"ed7f4df5346f805b16f05f3aec21c883d48cc1e662501b8dfdeeb87b647e42e2"},"num_shown":{"kind":"number","value":73,"string":"73"},"num_clicked":{"kind":"number","value":0,"string":"0"},"has_clicks":{"kind":"bool","value":false,"string":"false"},"shown_papers":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"corpus_id":239504587,"title":"Carbon capture and storage at the end of a lost decade","venue":"One Earth","year":2021,"authors":["Emma Martin-Roberts","V. Scott","S. Flude","G. Johnson","R. Haszeldine","S. Gilfillan"],"abstract":"SUMMARY Following the landmark 2015 United Nations Paris Agreement, a growing number of countries are committing to the transition to net-zero emissions. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has been consistently heralded to directly address emissions from the energy and industrial sectors and forms a significant component of plans to reach net-zero. However, despite the critical importance of the technology and substantial research and development to date, CCS deployment has been slow. This review examines deployment efforts over the last decade. We reveal that facility deployment must increase dramatically from current levels, and much work remains to maximize storage of CO 2 in vast subsurface reserves. Using current rates of deployment, CO 2 storage capacity by 2050 is projected to be around 700 million tons per year, just 10% of what is required. Meeting the net-zero targets via CCS ambitions seems unlikely unless worldwide coordinated efforts and rapid changes in policy take place. of current projects are in the upstream sector, predominantly natural gas-processing plants. This clearly shows that deployment in other sectors is urgently required if CCS is to mitigate the effects from the power and industry sectors, as is intended in the various IPCC scenarios. CCS. The initial optimism of the IEA Blue-Map scenario in 2009 (stage 2) was closely followed by a period of disillusionment (between 2009 and 2021) where CCS project and facility deployment was not asforthcomingas predicted. Today,in2021, weare in a period of new orientation (stage 4) where in- vestment and momentum seem to be building toward the deployment of multi-industry hubs and clusters utilizing shared facilities and CO 2 transport networks, and new technology deployment such as hydrogen production, DAC, and BECCS.","doi":"10.1016/j.oneear.2021.10.002","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/17a3eb5c5fe7d6d90cde7098b5fceead18ae2d33","result_position":0,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":230508652,"title":"A proposed global layout of carbon capture and storage in line with a 2 °C climate target","venue":"Nature Climate Change","year":2021,"authors":["Yi-Ming Wei","Jia-Ning Kang","Lan-Cui Liu","Qi Li","Peng-Tao Wang","J. Hou","Qiaomei Liang","Hua Liao","S. Huang","Biying Yu"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1038/s41558-020-00960-0","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/281b2a276cf3051b36865e911118a48df9c58e79","result_position":1,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":234006458,"title":"Significance of Enhanced Oil Recovery in Carbon Dioxide Emission Reduction","venue":"Sustainability","year":2021,"authors":["Karolina Novak Mavar","Nediljka Gaurina-Međimurec","Lidia Hrnčević"],"abstract":"Limiting the increase in CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere, and at the same time, meeting the increased energy demand can be achieved by applying carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technologies, which hold potential as the bridge for energy and emission-intensive industries to decarbonization goals. At the moment, the only profitable industrial large-scale carbon sequestration projects are large-scale carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) projects. This paper gives a general overview of the indirect and direct use of captured CO2 in CCUS with a special focus on worldwide large-scale CO2-EOR projects and their lifecycle emissions. On the basis of scientific papers and technical reports, data from 23 contemporary large-scale CO2-EOR projects in different project stages were aggregated, pointing out all the specificities of the projects. The specificities of individual projects, along with the lack of standardized methodologies specific for estimating the full lifecycle emissions resulting from CO2-EOR projects, pose a challenge and contribute to uncertainties and wide flexibilities when estimating emissions from CO2-EOR projects, making the cross-referencing of CO2-EOR projects and its comparison to other climate-mitigation strategies rather difficult. Pointing out the mentioned project’s differentiations and aggregating data on the basis of an overview of large-scale CO2-EOR projects gives useful information for future work on the topic of a CO2-EOR project’s lifecycle emissions.","doi":"10.3390/SU13041800","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/07233151c7280bcf927cbf210b001304586866cf","result_position":2,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":265005910,"title":"Advancing “Carbon Peak” and “Carbon Neutrality” in China: A Comprehensive Review of Current Global Research on Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage Technology and Its Implications","venue":"ACS Omega","year":2023,"authors":["Hu Li"],"abstract":"Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology plays a pivotal role in China’s “Carbon Peak” and “Carbon Neutrality” goals. This approach offers low-carbon, zero-carbon, and even negative-carbon solutions. This paper employs bibliometric analysis using the Web of Science to comprehensively review global CCUS progress and discuss future development prospects in China. The findings underscore it as a prominent research focus, attracting scholars from both domestic and international arenas. China notably leads the global landscape in terms of research paper output, with the Chinese Academy of Sciences holding a prominent position in total published papers. The research predominantly centers on refining geological storage techniques and optimizing oil and gas recovery rates. Among the CCUS pathways, enhanced oil recovery technology stands out due to its relative maturity and commercial applicability, particularly within the conventional oil and gas reservoirs. The application potential of enhanced gas recovery technology, especially in the Sichuan and Ordos Basins in China, necessitates robust research and demonstration efforts. Within China’s current energy landscape, “Blue Hydrogen” emerges as the primary solution for hydrogen production in conjunction with CCUS technology. The underground coal gasification approach holds significant promise as a hydrogen production avenue, albeit with inherent ecological and environmental challenges tied to geological storage that require meticulous consideration. The establishment of effective risk identification and evaluation methodologies for geological storage is imperative. The trajectory ahead involves a strategic convergence of policy, technology, and market dynamics to enhance China’s CCUS policy framework, legislative framework, standardization initiatives, and pioneering technological advancements. These collective efforts converge to outline an exclusive development pathway in China. This study assumes a pivotal role in accelerating CCUS technology research and deployment, enhancing oil and gas recovery efficiency, and ultimately realizing the overarching goals of a “Dual Carbon” future.","doi":"10.1021/acsomega.3c06422","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8721159b96dfdfea3073539acbf0644908f73399","result_position":3,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":250430189,"title":"Potential matching of carbon capture storage and utilization (CCSU) as enhanced oil recovery in perspective to Indian oil refineries","venue":"Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy","year":2022,"authors":["Narendra N. Dalei","Jignesh M. Joshi"],"abstract":"Carbon capture storage and utilization is not a new technology, but its application to reduce CO2 emissions from the refinery sector is just now emerging as promising mitigation. This study will look closely at opportunities to match CO2 sources with potential sinks by matching carbon-capturing projects at Indian oil refineries with Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) operations at nearby oil fields in India. This study has identified four such pairings of source-sink matching along with the challenges the first of the kind implementation of CCSU technology in specific projects. The study concludes with a discussion on the way forward and policy implications for the commercial use of the CCSU in India. CCS Carbon Capture Storage; CCU Carbon Capture Utilization, EOR . Source: Authors’ design.","doi":"10.1007/s10098-022-02359-1","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/60417da55d393a412accf0c4b0f4668b6a2c6d28","result_position":4,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":264134314,"title":"CCUS-EOR Optimization to Achieve Zero Emission Program Targets in Northwest Java Basin","venue":"Evergreen","year":2023,"authors":["T. M. Susantoro","Sugihardjo","K. Wikantika","D. Sunarjanto","U. Pasarai","Bambang Widarsono","Arie Rahmadi","M. Romli","P. Wahyudi","Sunting Kepies"],"abstract":": The presence of oil and gas production fields, oil refineries, cement plants, and coal-fired power plants situated close to each other supports the program for zero CO 2 emissions through Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR). This study aims to investigate the potential of depleted fields in the North West Java Basin as the target for CCUS-EOR in fulfilling the zero CO 2 emission program and boosting oil production. The study uses oil and gas field data to evaluate the CCUS potential both qualitatively and quantitatively. The Geographic Information System was applied through a clustering method with a 50 km and 100 km buffer from CO 2 emission sources. The calculation of CO 2 for EOR purposes with a 50 km buffer radius is 287.504 million tons, which could result in a 575.009 million stock tank barrel (STB) increase in oil production in the case of immiscible injection and 379.506 million tons for an increase of about 1.150 billion STB of oil production in the case of miscible injection. For a 100 km buffer radius, 632.541 million tons of CO 2 is required to increase 1.265 billion STB of oil production in the case of immiscible injection and 834.955 million tons of CO 2 for an increase of 2.530 billion STB of oil production in the case of miscible injection. These results are expected to be implemented as part of the program to reach the goal of producing 1 million barrels of oil per day by 2030 and achieving net zero emissions by 2060.","doi":"10.5109/7151730","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/84bb184e3d028299430656dfee7c9057994e234d","result_position":5,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":259142579,"title":"Financial Feasibility Study of Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage Project in West Java, Indonesia","venue":"European Journal of Business and Management Research","year":2023,"authors":["Adanya T. Amelinda","Subiakto Soekarno"],"abstract":"Following The Paris Agreement, Indonesia submitted an Enhanced Nationally Determined Contribution with an emission reduction target of 31,89% unconditionally or 43,20% conditionally. Indonesia envisions to reach net zero emission by 2060 or sooner. Contributing approximately a third of the carbon emission nationally, the decarbonization of the energy sector plays a big role in the ENDC pathways. From the oil and gas subsector, one of the programs designated to reduce their greenhouse gas emission are CCS (Carbon Capture and Storage) and CCUS (Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage). In oil and gas upstream industry, CCUS is a combination of technologies that involves sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2) from oil and gas upstream activities, utilize it as an enhanced oil recovery to increase liquid production before storing it permanently underground. However, the development of CCUS is filled with challenges. Other than the technical challenge of CCUS, the project is deemed to be too expensive and unable to generate a positive return for the project owner. Carbon trading is one of the mechanisms intended to provide added revenue for CCUS project. Using the carbon offset and trade mechanism, entities that conduct emission-reducing activities receive credit for the amount of emission reduced. The carbon credits can be sold in the market to other companies that need it. This research aims to determine whether carbon trading could increase the profitability of a CCUS project owned by an oil and gas company located in West Java, Indonesia. The project consists of capturing CO2 generated from natural gas purification, transporting it via pipeline to a nearby depleted oil field where the CO2 is used as an enhanced oil recovery, and storing it permanently underground.","doi":"10.24018/ejbmr.2023.8.3.1969","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0448589c92fb0482067a6ebc014127b992103f4e","result_position":6,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":269179892,"title":"A review of global carbon capture and storage (CCS) and carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS)","venue":"E3S Web of Conferences","year":2024,"authors":["Wan Mohd Shaharizuan Mat Latif","Norassyikin Mausa Sabdullah","Siti Nur Aenun","Nur Aisyamirah Bosamah"],"abstract":"To attain zero carbon emissions while combating climate change, this paper presents an overview status of the global carbon capture and storage (CCS) in four main worldwide regions: North America, Europe, Russia & Central Asia, and Asia Pacific. The main countries for each region are discussed in terms of their respective field, CCS, CCS-enhanced oil recovery (CCS-EOR), carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS), and the concerned issues, e.g., policy, regulation, operational approaches, current progress, problems, and lessons. In the end, this study summarizes the final potential of the global CCS in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG).","doi":"10.1051/e3sconf/202451601009","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/60f6cd435f4f205f0bc3b2a5ff7b4491b7757d06","result_position":7,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":277179149,"title":"A Review of CO2 Capture Utilization and Storage in China: Development Status, Cost Limits, and Strategic Planning","venue":"Processes","year":2025,"authors":["Mingqiang Hao","Ran Bi","Yang Liu"],"abstract":"The CCUS industry is developing rapidly worldwide, and its projects are gradually transitioning from single-section initiatives to whole-industry applications. Capture targets have expanded from power plants and natural gas processing to include steel, cement, kerosene, fertilizer, and hydrogen production. This paper analyzes CO2 emissions in eight major industries around oil regions in China, including emission factors, emission scale, and the composition and distribution of emission sources. The cost of CO2 sources and CO2-EOR affordable cost limits under different scenarios are calculated for different oil regions. The main influencing factors of the cost are analyzed, and possible ways to fill the cost gap are proposed. This paper also constructs a CO2-EOR strategic planning framework and a mathematical programming model, formulating short-term, mid-term, and long-term strategic plans for CO2-EOR and storage in 10 oil regions.","doi":"10.3390/pr13030905","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d76db37ad5ef56a815087f084e0b5c936351104c","result_position":8,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":260038803,"title":"Green Economy Evaluation of EOR Projects in Borneo Field: Case of CO2 Injection vs Chemical Injection","venue":"European Journal of Business and Management Research","year":2023,"authors":["I. M. Agusyasa","Y. Nainggolan"],"abstract":"PT Borneo Petroleum Company (BPC) as one of the biggest oil and gas company in Indonesia is planning to perform Enhanced Oil Recovery in Borneo Field. It is considering performing chemical injection (CEOR) or CO2 injection. As CO2 injection requires bigger capital investment than CEOR, it becomes less favorable. However, as the campaign for Net Zero Emissions surges and the planning from the government to implement the carbon tax in Indonesia, the company must revisit the economic evaluation of the projects by introducing carbon tax in the calculation. This research uses capital budgeting techniques in evaluating the projects. It is also used to evaluate the impact of green economy implementation to the project valuation. It needs to show whether the projects are feasible with conventional capital budgeting and with green budgeting. The expected finding is that the economic value of CO2 injection will improve significantly and will make it more attractive than CEOR. This study assumes that the carbon tax applied in Indonesia is at US $ 5.25 per ton CO2-equivalent. The CO2 injected is constant at 8.5 MSm3/d. It is also assumed that BPC is adopting the same capital structure as its parent company. The emissions associated with the project is calculated as the function of production rates. The project’s profitability is based on the Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return, Profitability Index, and Payback Period. Sensitivity analysis is also performed to explore the variables which give significant impact to the project valuation. Monte Carlo simulation is also performed to test all possible scenarios and its impact to the NPV. It is found that the impact of carbon tax is not significant to the economic value, in contrary the potential for additional incentive in terms of Result Based Payment for Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage has significant impact to the economic value of the project. The result is used to make decision on which EOR method to be applied which create more value to the company in terms of economic and sustainability.","doi":"10.24018/ejbmr.2023.8.4.1998","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bd3aec59afdfd4db17e4e76027112953bdc9583d","result_position":9,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":220544053,"title":"Integrated simulation system of CO2 gas injection application for enhanced oil recovery in the oil field","venue":"Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology","year":2020,"authors":["Dedy Kristanto","Yulius Deddy Hermawan","Hariyadi","Yusmardhany Yusuf"],"abstract":"CO2 gas injection is one of the recommended enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods by injecting CO2 through reservoir pores after the residual saturation is reached, since CO2 dissolves easily in oil phase as confirmed by many other researchers in pertaining field studies. An integrated system is urgently required for assessing CO2-EOR study, covering multi-disciplinary aspects as follows: geology, geophysics, reservoir, production, process and economic. Hence, those systems must be reliable in suggesting final decision for feasibility of CO2-EOR operation program, applicable either for pilot scale or for full scale. This paper is proposing an integrated system evaluation, which has the following features: (1) estimate fraction of dissolved CO2, (2) estimate viscosity reduction, (3) estimate future oil productivity index resulted, (4) forecast incremental oil production, (5) estimate surface facilities equipment design, (6) evaluate economical aspects and (7) generate final decision for feasibility of CO2-EOR operation program. Finally, as the main objective of this program, those systems will present a picture of essential reason why we need to promote or reject CO2-EOR plan program, and also some recommendations will be presented in case the CO2-EOR plan does not perform as expected.","doi":"10.1007/s13202-020-00955-9","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d87e2e1cef637f93348346237e3ee24cc3551c73","result_position":10,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":258922273,"title":"Smart materials and technologies for sustainable concrete construction","venue":"Developments in the Built Environment","year":2023,"authors":["J. Nilimaa"],"abstract":"This paper presents a comprehensive review of current trends and opportunities for sustainable concrete construction, emphasizing the importance of adopting eco-friendly practices to mitigate the industry ’ s environmental impact. Green concrete, supplementary cementitious materials, permeable concrete, cool concrete, and the use of local materials are explored as sustainable materials and technologies. Innovations like self-healing concrete, 3D-printed concrete, photocatalytic concrete, electrified machineries, and carbon capture, utilization, and storage principles are also discussed, highlighting their potential to improve the sustainability of construction practices. Challenges faced in implementing sustainable concrete construction practices, such as technical, economic, and social barriers, are also addressed. The roles of governments, industry, and academia in promoting sustainable concrete construction are examined, stressing the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and research. Lastly, emerging trends and technologies, including digitalization, data-driven approaches, and circular economy principles, are identified as critical factors in driving the transition towards sustainable concrete construction.","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2023.100177","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f13b449d1525972f6f7a2955722676d3ddae0e86","result_position":11,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":244652242,"title":"Economic viability of full-chain CCUS-EOR in Indonesia","venue":"Resources, Conservation and Recycling","year":2021,"authors":["Aldilla Noor Rakhiemah","Yuan Xu"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.106069","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/38ffae3cc934f7d2784398c1f87d3a5167e93702","result_position":12,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":245603773,"title":"Source Sink Matching for Field Scale CCUS CO2-EOR Application in Indonesia","venue":"Scientific contributions oil and gas","year":2021,"authors":["Usman Usman"],"abstract":"The carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) referred in this paper is limited to the use of CO2 to the enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR). The CCUS CO2-EOR technology can magnify oil production substantially while a consistent amount of the CO2 injected remains sequestrated in the reservoir, which is beneficial for reducing the greenhouse gas emission. Therefore, this technology is a potentially attractive win-win solution for Indonesia to meet the goal of improved energy supply and security, while also reducing CO2 emissions over the long term. The success of CCUS depends on the proper sources-sinks matching. This paper presents a systematic approach to pairing the CO2 captured from industrial activities with suitable oil fields for CO2-EOR. Inventories of CO2 sources and oil reservoirs were done through survey and data questionnaires. The process of sources-sinks matching was preceded by identifying the CO2 sources within the radius of 100 and 200 km from each oil field and clustering the fields within the same radius from each CO2 source. Each cluster is mapped on the GIS platform included existing and planning right of way for trunk pipelines. Pairing of source-sink are ranked to identify high priority development. Results of this study should be interest to project developers, policymakers, government agencies, academicians, civil society and environmental non-governmental organization in order to enable them to assess the role of CCUS CO2-EOR as a major carbon management strategy.","doi":"10.29017/scog.44.2.562","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b3d02b0a4bd5a85812360789cad814cca79b8f6f","result_position":13,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":247027281,"title":"Prediction of Minimum Miscibility Pressure for CO2 Flooding Based on Microscopic Pore-Throat Structure","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","year":2022,"authors":["Li-li Jiang","L. Tian","Yutao Zhou","Mei Li","Can Huang","Jiaxin Wang","Hengli Wang","X. Chai"],"abstract":"CO2 flooding can effectively enhance the recovery of low-permeability reservoirs and realize CO2 geological storage. During the displacement process, the minimum miscible pressure (MMP) of CO2 and oil is an important parameter that affects the displacement effect and storage efficiency. However, the microscopic pore-throat structure of low-permeability reservoirs has significant influences on the fluids and phase behaviors. This paper presented a method to determine the miscible state of CO2 flooding based on the microscopic pore-throat structure. Firstly, a physic model was established to quantitatively characterize the microscopic pore-throat structure. Secondly, taking into consideration the P-R equation of state, the gas-liquid equilibrium in the narrow pore-throat was calculated. On this basis, a MMP prediction model was established correspongdingly by considering the multi-stage contact and mass transfer of CO2-oil. Finally, the results obtained by the proposed model were compared with the experimental results of CO2 flooding, and then the model was applied to the actual reservoir to predict plane distribution of MMP. The curves of MMP distribution and pressure drawdown between wells were combined to determine the position of miscible front and non-miscible area at different production stages. The results have shown that the MMP of core sample calculated by the model was 20.3 MPa, which was comparable to that of CO2 flooding experiment, e.g., 20 MPa, and thus indicatesd a high accuracy of the model. The MMP in the well control area of the Y29-101 well group was 19.8 MPa. During the unsteady flow stage, the miscible-phase front was 430 m from the injection well, while it was 310 m from the injection well during the stable flow stage. This method can accurately determine the specific phase distribution of CO2-oil in the formation, which is of great significance to promote the development of CO2 flooding and storage technology, improve the recovery of low permeability reservoirs, ensure energy supply and reduce carbon emission.","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2022.834951","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/55cfdce975d38bb18f4a6f9cee5a23f01e0eb13b","result_position":14,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":256132081,"title":"A Review of Recent Progress of Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) in China","venue":"Applied Sciences","year":2023,"authors":["Jia Yao","Hongdou Han","Yang Yang","Yiming Song","Guiheng Li"],"abstract":"The continuous temperature rise has raised global concerns about CO2 emissions. As the country with the largest CO2 emissions, China is facing the challenge of achieving large CO2 emission reductions (or even net-zero CO2 emissions) in a short period. With the strong support and encouragement of the Chinese government, technological breakthroughs and practical applications of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) are being aggressively pursued, and some outstanding accomplishments have been realized. Based on the numerous information from a wide variety of sources including publications and news reports only available in Chinese, this paper highlights the latest CCUS progress in China after 2019 by providing an overview of known technologies and typical projects, aiming to provide theoretical and practical guidance for achieving net-zero CO2 emissions in the future.","doi":"10.3390/app13021169","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4c419bf5f62c975ed9ac74ba814edd5f67e1a310","result_position":15,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":254072224,"title":"Carbon capture and storage (CCS): development path based on carbon neutrality and economic policy","venue":"Carbon Neutrality","year":2022,"authors":["Min-Yuan Shen","Fulin Kong","Lige Tong","Yang Luo","Shaowu Yin","Chuanping Liu","Peikun Zhang","Li Wang","Paul K. Chu","Yulong Ding"],"abstract":"In order to limit global warming to 2 °C, countries have adopted carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emission. However, it is currently facing challenges such as controversial investment costs, unclear policies, and reduction of new energy power generation costs. In particular, some CCS projects are at a standstill. To promote the development of CCS projects in different countries, this paper reviews and compares energy conservation and emission reduction policies and different national goals. From a policy perspective, CCS-driven policies are analyzed. Based on this, corresponding policy recommendations are put forward, in order to promote the healthy development of global CCS technology and deal with climate issues more effectively. With less than 10 years away from the short-term goal, promoting the development and application of CCS projects requires scientific research from universities, enterprises and governments in order to attain zero or negative CO2 emission. On the basis of focusing on the development of CCS technology, according to the actual situation of each country, the appropriate application of CCS engineering should focus on the development of science and technology, rather than a unified requirement around the world.","doi":"10.1007/s43979-022-00039-z","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5e9a3b2439b199682906e8db5e97281922f81dc3","result_position":16,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":237706007,"title":"The integration of hydrogenation and carbon capture utilisation and storage technology: A potential low‐carbon approach to chemical synthesis in China","venue":"International Journal of Energy Research","year":2021,"authors":["Lingyun Zhang","Nannan Sun","Minquan Wang","Tao Wu","Wei Wei","C. Pang"],"abstract":"The development of carbon emission reduction technologies and clean energy utilisation are two critical drivers for reducing and controlling greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from human activities. Carbon capture, utilisation, and storage (CCUS) is an established and crucial emission reduction technology capable of achieving near‐zero‐emission from fossil fuels. Hydrogen, a zero‐carbon fuel, provides energy security while improving air quality. However, hydrogen is commonly derived from fossil fuels with significant associated CO2 emission. Hence, this study investigates the feasibility of integrating CCUS in the hydrogen industry, particularly from technical, sustainability, and policy perspectives. This study also critically reviews existing CCUS and hydrogen production technologies and discusses the prospects and challenges of each. Studies show that CO2 enhanced oil recovery (CO2‐EOR) and CO2 enhanced coal‐bed methane recovery (CO2‐ECBM) are promising CCUS technologies in China, while producing clean hydrogen from fossil fuels with CCUS and water electrolysis are ideal development route. Specifically, this study proposes the coupling technical route of CCUS + SMR (steam methane reforming) and CCUS + CTH (coal‐to‐hydrogen) to accelerate carbon emission reduction by 2050 considering their promising carbon reduction potential and the ratio of hydrogen with CCUS. Besides, CO2 hydrogenation integrated chemical production is becoming increasingly popular to achieve carbon emission reduction and low‐carbon economy. However, the relatively high costs and lack of hydrogen transportation infrastructure is currently the major bottleneck restricting the development of CCUS and hydrogen industry. Therefore, government subsidies, standardised operation of the carbon market, and technological innovation are useful strategies to address this issue.","doi":"10.1002/er.7076","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/66f778e6a0e958f555bd33846fe983c84fe8b78a","result_position":17,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":55058626,"title":"Worldwide Status of CCUS Technologies and Their Development and Challenges in China","venue":"","year":2017,"authors":["Hejuan Liu","P. Were","Qi Li","Y. Gou","Z. Hou"],"abstract":"Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is a gas injection technology that enables the storage of CO2 underground. The aims are twofold, on one hand to reduce the emissions of CO2 into the atmosphere and on the other hand to increase oil/gas/heat recovery. Different types of CCUS technologies and related engineering projects have a long history of research and operation in the USA. However, in China they have a short development period ca. 10 years. Unlike CO2 capture and CO2-EOR technologies that are already operating on a commercial scale in China, research into other CCUS technologies is still in its infancy or at the pilot-scale. This paper first reviews the status and development of the different types of CCUS technologies and related engineering projects worldwide. Then it focuses on their developments in China in the last decade. The main research projects, international cooperation, and pilot-scale engineering projects in China are summarized and compared. Finally, the paper examines the challenges and prospects to be experienced through the industrialization of CCUS engineering projects in China. It can be concluded that the CCUS technologies have still large potential in China. It can only be unlocked by overcoming the technical and social challenges.","doi":"10.1155/2017/6126505","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f6d313d18b6105bcd687a4123e7cbc363aed2e99","result_position":18,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":225585004,"title":"Research of present status and development suggestions regarding the carbon capture, utilization and storage","venue":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environment","year":2020,"authors":["Jianfang Zong","Liang Sun","W. Bao"],"abstract":"The carbon capture, utilization and storage (hereinafter referred to as “CCUS”) technology has already been widely regarded as an available method of great potential for carbon dioxide emission reduction. As predicted, the emission reduction contribution will rise from 3% of the total emission reduction amount in 2020 to 10% in 2030, and to about 20% in 2050, which becomes the individual technology of the greatest contribution to the carbon dioxide emission reduction. This paper illustrates the main links of CCUS technology: the carbon capture process, carbon transport, carbon utilization and carbon storage. This paper introduces the storage methods of carbon dioxide, the geological storage and marine storage. In addition, this paper also analyzes the main storage practices both at home and abroad, the major overseas storage projects and the present status and progress of China’s storage. In addition, this paper also discusses the main challenges encountered by China’s CCUS development, and proposes the ideas and policy suggestions that promote China’s CCUS development.","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/510/4/042001","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/540acf25c8666232c45b5c2a797b179d2abddecb","result_position":19,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":272994808,"title":"Comprehensive evaluation of CCUS technology: A case study of China's first million-tonne CCUS-EOR project","venue":"Environmental impact assessment review","year":2025,"authors":["Ling Miao","Lianyong Feng","Yue Ma"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.eiar.2024.107684","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/eca7471b44aa4a4c191452fe4e4085425405bc43","result_position":20,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":267282496,"title":"Evaluation of Efficient CCUS System Design from Chemical Industry Emission in Indonesia","venue":"E3S Web of Conferences","year":2024,"authors":["Vibianti Dwi Pratiwi","Renanto Renanto","Juwari Juwari","Rendra Panca Anugraha","R. Arifin"],"abstract":"Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from industry significantly contribute to increasing CO2 in the atmosphere as the main cause of the Green House Gas (GHG) effect and climate change. CO2 emissions cause the need for evaluation in finding emission reduction systems. The CCUS (Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage) system is one of the most studied emission reduction systems. This study aims to obtain an intuitive and quantitative CCUS network design framework using GAMS (General Algebraic Modeling System) software with a mathematical approach. Several sources of CO2 emissions and potential absorbers are scattered in several regions in Indonesia. A mathematical approach was developed to optimize the amount of CO2 stored and utilized by varying the minimum time difference (dt min) between source and sink from 0, 3, 5, 8, to 10 years. The economic potential of the source-sink pair decreases with the change in dt with an average of 6.50 x 106 USD. Based on the potential economic value, the CCUS system with industrial CO2 emission sources has a positive value that can be applied in Indonesia.","doi":"10.1051/e3sconf/202448102001","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7f1fbcc9e051966bebd229acbd45c2b46a134fff","result_position":21,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":271385784,"title":"Carbon Capture and Utilization Projects Run by Oil and Gas Companies: A Case Study from Russia","venue":"Sustainability","year":2024,"authors":["A. Cherepovitsyna","E. Kuznetsova","A. Popov","D. Skobelev"],"abstract":"As oil and gas companies are one of the major greenhouse gas emitters, they face increasing responsibility to address climate challenges. This highlights the necessity of integrating decarbonization options into their operations to meet global climate objectives. While progress in technologies for capturing, utilizing, and storing CO2 (CCUS technologies) is often attributed to oil and gas companies, CCUS projects in the sector predominantly focus on carbon storage, namely CO2 injection for enhanced oil recovery, which presents limited possibilities. Meanwhile, carbon capture and utilization (CCU) technologies offer a promising avenue for producing valuable products from CO2, a potential that has been underexplored in theory and practice within the oil and gas sector. This study analyzes the development of the full CCU cycle by oil and gas companies, assessing the economic viability of such projects. It includes a content analysis of research materials on CCU deployment and a case study modeling the economic viability of producing methanol from CO2 in Russia. The findings indicate that the estimated minimum price for CO2-based methanol to achieve project payback is USD 1128 per ton, compared to approximately USD 400 per ton for traditional methanol. This price gap underscores the need to foster the development of low-carbon technologies, markets, and measures to support these projects. In the domain of CCU projects, cost-reduction measures could be more applicable, while regulatory measures, such as carbon taxes, currently have a limited impact on the economic viability of these projects.","doi":"10.3390/su16146221","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1e8a0a629e13a656284581a9108e07492e328410","result_position":22,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":143427598,"title":"Carbon Capture and Storage Development Trends from a Techno-Paradigm Perspective","venue":"","year":2014,"authors":["B. Zheng","Jiuping Xu"],"abstract":"The world’s energy needs have been continually growing over the past decade, yet fossil fuels are limited. Renewable energies are becoming more prevalent, but are still a long way from being commonplace worldwide. Literature mining is applied to review carbon capture and storage (CCS) development trends and to develop and examine a novel carbon capture and storage technological paradigm (CCSTP), which incorporates CCSTP competition, diffusion and shift. This paper first provides an overview of the research and progress in CCS technological development, then applies a techno-paradigm theory to analyze CCSTP development and to provide a guide for future CCS technological trends. CCS could avoid CO 2 being released into the atmosphere. Moreover, bioenergy with CCS (BECCS) can make a significant contribution to a net removal of anthropogenic CO 2 emissions. In this study, we compare the different CCSTP developmental paths and the conventional techno-paradigm by examining the S-curves. The analyses in this paper provide a useful guide for scholars seeking new inspiration in their research and for potential investors who are seeking to invest research funds in more mature technologies. We conclude that political barriers and public acceptance are the major distinctions between the CCSTP and the conventional techno-paradigm. It is expected that policy instruments and economic instruments are going to play a pivotal role in the accomplishment of global carbon reduction scenarios.","doi":"10.3390/EN7085221","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8a77cf3550993842b497f59657433f2def7ed855","result_position":23,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":233594590,"title":"A review of large-scale CO2 shipping and marine emissions management for carbon capture, utilisation and storage","venue":"Applied Energy","year":2021,"authors":["Hisham Al Baroudi","Adeola Awoyomi","K. Patchigolla","Kranthi Jonnalagadda","E. Anthony"],"abstract":"Abstract Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage (CCUS) can reduce greenhouse gas emissions for a range of technologies which capture CO2 from a variety of sources and transport it to permanent storage locations such as depleted oil fields or saline aquifers or supply it for use. CO2 transport is the intermediate step in the CCUS chain and can use pipeline systems or sea carriers depending on the geographical location and the size of the emitter. In this paper, CO2 shipping is critically reviewed in order to explore its techno-economic feasibility in comparison to other transportation options. This review provides an overview of CO2 shipping for CCUS and scrutinises its potential role for global CO2 transport. It also provides insights into the technological advances in marine carrier CO2 transportation for CCUS, including preparation for shipping, and in addition investigates existing experience and discusses relevant transport properties and optimum conditions. Thus far, liquefied CO2 transportation by ship has been mainly used in the food and brewery industries for capacities varying between 800 m3 and 1000 m3. However, CCUS requires much greater capacities and only limited work is available on the large-scale transportation needs for the marine environment. Despite most literature suggesting conditions near the triple-point, in-depth analysis shows optimal transport conditions to be case sensitive and related to project variables. Ship-based transport of CO2 is a better option to decarbonise dislocated emitters over long distances and for relatively smaller quantities in comparison to offshore pipeline, as pipelines require a continuous flow of compressed gas and have a high cost-dependency on distance. Finally, this work explores the potential environmental footprint of marine chains, with particular reference to the energy implications and emissions from ships and their management. A careful scrutiny of potential future developments highlights the fact, that despite some existing challenges, implementation of CO2 shipping is crucial to support CCUS both in the UK and worldwide.","doi":"10.1016/J.APENERGY.2021.116510","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f4f0a0830df7c48878588a910e9fb8ed48ab5263","result_position":24,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":225023967,"title":"Advances in carbon capture, utilization and storage","venue":"Applied Energy","year":2020,"authors":["Zhien Zhang","Tao Wang","M. Blunt","E. Anthony","A. Park","R. Hughes","P. Webley","Jinyue Yan"],"abstract":"Abstract Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) is one of the essential components for mitigating CO2 emissions. This special issue of Applied Energy includes research and review articles on CCUS technologies and applications. Recent developments in CO2 capture technologies with emphasis on post-combustion processes are highlighted. CO2 utilization in fuel production and other chemical processes, and CO2 storage are also presented, along with detailed discussion of life cycle assessments and techno-economic analyses to evaluate the various CCUS processes.","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115627","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/507d14b47be91a28768c5359149d7b335ddaa38a","result_position":25,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":213451322,"title":"A Review of CO2 Storage in View of Safety and Cost-Effectiveness","venue":"Energies","year":2020,"authors":["Chenguang Cao","Hejuan Liu","Z. Hou","F. Mehmood","Jianxing Liao","Wentao Feng"],"abstract":"The emissions of greenhouse gases, especially CO2, have been identified as the main contributor for global warming and climate change. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is considered to be the most promising strategy to mitigate the anthropogenic CO2 emissions. This review aims to provide the latest developments of CO2 storage from the perspective of improving safety and economics. The mechanisms and strategies of CO2 storage, focusing on their characteristics and current status, are discussed firstly. In the second section, the strategies for assessing and ensuring the security of CO2 storage operations, including the risks assessment approach and monitoring technology associated with CO2 storage, are outlined. In addition, the engineering methods to accelerate CO2 dissolution and mineral carbonation for fixing the mobile CO2 are also compared within the second section. The third part focuses on the strategies for improving economics of CO2 storage operations, namely enhanced industrial production with CO2 storage to generate additional profit, and co-injection of CO2 with impurities to reduce the cost. Moreover, the role of multiple CCS technologies and their distribution on the mitigation of CO2 emissions in the future are summarized. This review demonstrates that CO2 storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs could play an important role in reducing CO2 emission in the near future and CO2 storage in saline aquifers may make the biggest contribution due to its huge storage capacity. Comparing the various available strategies, CO2-enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) operations are supposed to play the most important role for CO2 mitigation in the next few years, followed by CO2-enhanced gas recovery (CO2-EGR). The direct mineralization of flue gas by coal fly ash and the pH swing mineralization would be the most promising technology for the mineral sequestration of CO2. Furthermore, by accelerating the deployment of CCS projects on large scale, the government can also play its role in reducing the CO2 emissions.","doi":"10.3390/en13030600","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6f3b48243a658df57d486b0cd247411c9f471c88","result_position":26,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":248845239,"title":"Several key issues for CCUS development in China targeting carbon neutrality","venue":"Carbon Neutrality","year":2022,"authors":["Zhang Jiutian","Wang Zhiyong","Kang Jia-Ning","Song Xiangjing","Xu Dong"],"abstract":"Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS), as a technology with large-scale emission reduction potential, has been widely developed all over the world. In China, CCUS development achieved fruitful outcomes. CCUS gained further broad attention from the announcement of the carbon neutrality target by 2060, as CCUS is an indispensable important technology to realize carbon neutrality. It helps not only to build zero-emission and more resilient energy and industry systems but also provides negative emission potential. This paper discusses the new demand for carbon capture, utilization, and storage development brought by the carbon neutrality target analyzes the development status. As there remain various challenges of CCUS development, this paper focuses on several key issues for CCUS development in China targeting carbon neutrality: 1) how to reposition the role of CCUS under the carbon neutral target? 2) how shall we understand the technology development status and the costs? 3) what role shall utilization and storage play in future? 4) potential strategy applied to solve challenges of source-sink mismatch and resources constraints; and 5) new business model that suits large scale deployment of CCUS. This paper puts forward several policy suggestions that should be focused on now in China, especially to raise awareness under the vision of carbon neutrality that the role and contribution of CCUS are different, to accelerate the establishment of a comprehensive and systematic enabling environment for CCUS.","doi":"10.1007/s43979-022-00019-3","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8c9ede60045e88aee22299daccbe3c542dade3fe","result_position":27,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":249878668,"title":"Progress and prospects of carbon dioxide capture, EOR-utilization and storage industrialization","venue":"Petroleum Exploration and Development","year":2022,"authors":["Shiyi Yuan","D. Ma","Junshi Li","Tiyao Zhou","Z. Ji","Haishui Han"],"abstract":"This paper sorts out the main course of CCUS-EOR development abroad and the important enlightenments of its industrialization progress to China. Based on the progress of CCUS-EOR technology research and field tests in China, the development status, problems and challenges of the entire industry chain of CO2 capture, transportation, oil flooding, and storage are analyzed. The results show the huge potential of the large-scale application of CCUS-EOR in China in terms of carbon emission reduction and oil production increase. At present, CCUS-EOR in China is in a critical stage of development, from field pilot tests to industrialization. Aiming at the feature of continental sedimentary oil and gas reservoirs in China, giving full play to the advantages of the abundant reserves for CO2 flooding, huge underground storage space, surface infrastructure, and wellbore injection channels, by cooperating with carbon emission enterprises, critical technology research and demonstration project construction should be accelerated, including the capture of low-concentration CO2 at low-cost and on large-scale, supercritical CO2 long-distance transportation, greater enhancing oil recovery, and CO2 large-scale and safe storage. CCUS-EOR theoretical and technical standard system should be constructed for the whole industrial chain to support and promote the industrial scale application, leading the rapid and profitable development of CCUS-EOR emerging industrial chain with innovation.","doi":"10.1016/s1876-3804(22)60324-0","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/357c2b88cbb63862de32d328f7ebe138b4118beb","result_position":28,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":231931290,"title":"Enhanced oil recovery with carbon dioxide geosequestration: first steps at Pre-salt in Brazil","venue":"Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production","year":2021,"authors":["José Maria Alves Godoi","Patrícia Helena Lara dos Santos Matai"],"abstract":"This paper revisits the intense using of energy in the world and the role of the fossil fuels with predominance of the oil in the global primary energy supply and their effects to climate change. It also presents a new reading on the thermodynamic conditions and characteristics of CO2 and CO2-EOR together with oil industry advancement in the world and Brazil. The interface with chemical EOR processes involving nanoparticles (NPs), their application inside the reservoirs for EOR and understanding of fines migration reducing, among other physical phenomena is also studied. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a worldwide strategy for mitigating climate change. CO2 geosequestration is also analyzed on the leakage of CO2 and brine from aquifers and their implication to the security of the storage and environment. Recent studies show that, globally, CO2-EOR can extract up to 375 billion of additional oil barrels and geological storage up to 360 Gt of CO2 in the next 50 years. Pre-salt is a complex of microbial carbonate reservoirs with stromatolite framework in ultra-deep waters (1500–3000) m depth, underneath by thick salt layer (2000–2500) m. Its reservoirs are in the depth up to (5500–6500) m TVDSS and approximately (200–300) km offshore. It presents light oils and high (GOR) ranging (200–400) Sm3/Sm3 and huge CO2 contamination (8–15)%. Due to the large CO2 content of oil, this work investigated CO2-EOR and CO2 geosequestration within the reservoirs. Pilot test demonstrated that miscible CO2-EOR with WAG is feasible and beneficial to this hydrocarbon Province. This study also calculated and validated the potential of CO2-EOR to the CCS. It concludes that Pre-salt can contribute to recovery factor (RF) increasing about 5.7 billion of additional oil barrels, and to CCS with about 266 Mt CO2 to be geological stored, for the next 20 years. In this context, this work also analyses the recent changes on the Brazilian oil and gas regulation to encourage new international Companies to enter in Brazil and Pre-salt for petroleum exploring. In Pre-salt, CO2-EOR also connects the petroleum energy system to CCS, transforming the oil reservoir in a carbon sink. These results represent a substantial role of Pre-salt to the energy efficiency of energy resources recovering from the biosphere and a high contribution to the climate change mitigation.","doi":"10.1007/s13202-021-01102-8","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/790112b3c7e4ccf09824f8ac5d00d573fcd63faf","result_position":29,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":250132809,"title":"Investment decision on carbon capture and utilization (CCU) technologies—A real option model based on technology learning effect","venue":"Applied Energy","year":2022,"authors":["Jiang Liu","Qi Zhang","Hailong Li","Siyuan Chen","Fei Teng"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119514","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0da8a4ad57bcfeb90c106924c8607bea926b0961","result_position":30,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":269372211,"title":"The Pathway Towards Supporting the Implementation of the New Indonesian Law on Carbon Capture and Storage in Indonesian Universities","venue":"E3S Web of Conferences","year":2024,"authors":["Yogi Andrian Sidiyanto","J. H. Windiatmaja","Riri Fitri Sari"],"abstract":"Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology emerges as a promising solution to combat CO2 emissions from industrial processes and power generation, playing a vital role in the global efforts to mitigate climate change. However, despite its potential benefits, the widespread adoption of CCS faces challenges across technical, economic, and regulatory domains. In Indonesia, a nation heavily dependent on fossil fuels, CCS presents a significant opportunity to reduce emissions while sustaining economic growth. Therefore, this paper explores Indonesia’s strategic approach to CCS initiatives, examining the regulatory framework and the current landscape of CCS projects within the country. The study discusses the contributions of Indonesian universities towards advancing CCS technology through collaborative research, partnerships, and innovative initiatives. By assessing the role of universities in addressing environmental challenges and fostering a greener future, this paper highlights the pivotal importance of universities in driving sustainable solutions for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and achieving climate objectives. The finding concludes that Indonesian universities significantly contribute to the development and implementation of CCS through collaborative efforts and partnerships, facilitating a path towards sustainability.","doi":"10.1051/e3sconf/202451301009","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/207d4baf0321984d74e0fc5bb498067c4152376c","result_position":31,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":203061076,"title":"Potential of CO2-EOR for Near-Term Decarbonization","venue":"Frontiers in Climate","year":2019,"authors":["V. Núñez-López","E. Moskal"],"abstract":"This paper provides an overview of carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) and its ability to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (even to the point of negative emissions), the role it needs to play in the challenge of decarbonization, and the need to scale up implementation and deployment in order to meet climate goals. Limitations in current legal and regulatory frameworks for CO2 injection are explored for both economic and environmental purposes, as well as the economic implications of combining CO2-EOR with geologic carbon storage. Results from a recent study, which demonstrate that all CO2-EOR operations produce negative emissions oil during the first several years of production, are analyzed in the context of the urgency of climate change mitigation. Acknowledging that fossil fuels currently provide the energy foundation upon which global societies function, and that a sudden shift in the composition of that foundation can potentially destabilize the global economy and key elements of modern society, we bring CO2-EOR to the fore as it can supply reduced carbon oil to support the current energy foundation as it steadily transitions toward decarbonization. In order to meet this urgent transition, greater fiscal and regulatory incentives are needed to begin scaling CO2-EOR with storage around the globe. A viable and large-scale CO2-EOR/storage industry depends upon significant capital investments for CO2 capture and transportation infrastructure. Policy consistency and predictability, combined with targeted subsidies, will help to achieve this goal.","doi":"10.3389/fclim.2019.00005","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3ed31d5bbab7f43a2bf38ceffbbd08817c2af930","result_position":32,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":257005225,"title":"Evaluation of CO2 enhanced oil recovery and CO2 storage potential in oil reservoirs of petroliferous sedimentary basin, China","venue":"Science and Technology for Energy Transition","year":2023,"authors":["Pengtao Wang","X. Wu","Gangke Ge","Xiaoyan Wang","Mao Xu","Feiyin Wang","Yang Zhang","Haifeng Wang","Yan Zheng"],"abstract":"Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) technology has emerged as the bottom-line technology for achieving carbon neutrality goals in China. The development of Carbon Dioxide Enhanced Oil Recovery (CO2-EOR) not only increases revenue for high-investment CCUS projects but also enables permanent CO2 storage in the oil reservoir. However, the basin is used as the research object to evaluate the CO2 storage potential of the oil reservoir. The evaluation results are inaccurate and unable to support the implementation of later CCUS projects. Here, more accurate oil reservoir data is employed as the evaluation object. It is the first time at the national level to screen oil reservoirs to distinguish between CO2 miscible and immiscible, and evaluate the potential of CO2-EOR and CO2 storage in the reservoir. The research results show a total of 2570 suitable oil reservoirs in 4386 candidate oil reservoirs nationwide. About 1.26 billion tons of additional crude oil can be produced by CO2-EOR technology. This includes approximately 580 million tons of additional oil from CO2 miscible flooding and 680 million tons from CO2 immiscible flooding. The study further refines the CO2 geological utilization data and provides a theoretical basis for CCUS project site selection in China.","doi":"10.2516/stet/2022022","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2572e11c4dcbf1c81bf30ee941ab843a7ca982d5","result_position":33,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":249450160,"title":"Economic analysis of CCUS: Accelerated development for CO2 EOR and storage in residual oil zones under the context of 45Q tax credit","venue":"Applied Energy","year":2022,"authors":["Bo Ren","Frank Male","I. Duncan"],"abstract":"Residual oil zones (ROZ) undergoing CO 2 -EOR may benefit from specific strategies to maximize their value. We evaluated several strategies for producing from a Permian Basin, West Texas, USA field’s ROZ. This ROZ lies below the main pay zone (MPZ) of the field. Such brownfield ROZs occur in the Permian Basin and elsewhere. Since brownfield ROZs are hydraulically connected to the MPZs, development sequences and schemes influence oil production, CO 2 storage, and net present value (NPV). We conducted economic assessments of various CO 2 injection/production schemes in the stacked ROZ-MPZ reservoir based on flow simulations of a high-resolution geocellular model built from wireline logs and core data and calibrated through production history matching. Flow simulations of water alternating gas (WAG) injection, such as switching injection from the MPZ to the ROZ, commingled production was studied. The simulation results showed that simultaneous CO 2 injection into the MPZ and ROZ lead to the highest oil production and, generally, the highest NPV. If instead, CO 2 was simultaneously injected into the MPZ and ROZ, then into the ROZ alone, this maximized CO 2 storage. CO 2 storage can be used as a tax credit under the Internal Revenue Code Section 45Q. Storage performance depended on the development approach and WAG ratio. Developing the ROZ increased storage compared to remaining in the MPZ. The WAG ratio to maximize oil production did not always yield the largest NPV. These findings can be applied to other Brownfield ROZs, which are common below San Andres reservoirs in the Permian Basin and other basins. ROZ development can increase oilfields’ NPV and carbon storage potential. Our study is an analog for similar reservoirs. This work provides valuable insights into the further optimization of brownfield ROZ development and information for operators to plan to develop stacked ROZ-MPZ reservoirs.","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119393","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/95c118fd6892790f8ea9d0008c46285a58e0ef47","result_position":34,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":69739032,"title":"Holistic Assessment of Carbon Capture and Utilization Value Chains","venue":"Environments","year":2018,"authors":["Tryfonas Pieri","A. Nikitas","Arturo Castillo-Castillo","A. Angelis-Dimakis"],"abstract":"Carbon capture and utilization (CCU) is recognized by the European Union, along with carbon, capture and storage (CCS), as one of the main tools towards global warming mitigation. It has, thus, been extensively studied by various researchers around the world. The majority of the papers published so far focus on the individual stages of a CCU value chain (carbon capture, separation, purification, transportation, and transformation/utilization). However, a holistic approach, taking into account the matching and the interaction between these stages, is also necessary in order to optimize and develop technically and economically feasible CCU value chains. The objective of this contribution is to present the most important studies that are related to the individual stages of CCU and to perform a critical review of the major existing methods, algorithms and tools that focus on the simulation or optimization of CCU value chains. The key research gaps will be identified and examined in order to lay the foundation for the development of a methodology towards the holistic assessment of CCU value chains.","doi":"10.3390/ENVIRONMENTS5100108","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/56bf4091185ee0243087856055758d6118984816","result_position":35,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":261597860,"title":"Solar Enhanced Oil Recovery as the Solution to Enhance Oil and Gas Production for Mature Fields in Indonesia","venue":"Indonesian Journal of Energy","year":2023,"authors":["A. P. Joestiawan","Shafa Salsabila","M. Maharani"],"abstract":"Indonesia has a target of reducing 29% of GHG emissions by 2030 (NDC, 2022), reaching net-zero emissions in 2060 (LTS-LCCR, 2021), and obtaining 1 million BOPD oil production and 12 BSCFD gas production in 2030. Oil and gas companies have particular challenges to achieve the target in line with paying attention to national energy security despite the oil reserve and production declining since 1995 because of the maturity of the fields. In such a case, the enormous amount of remaining oil in place left by the primary and secondary production stages has led to the EOR method as the best way to improve oil production. In Indonesia's mature fields with specific reservoir conditions, steamflooding is currently a highly effective EOR method to increase oil production by 20–300% and reduce viscosity by up to 98%. However, the production of steam in huge quantities conventionally would require vast amounts of fossil fuel resources. Hence, replacing fossil fuel-derived steam with solar-derived steam would solve the twin problems of energy scarcity and greenhouse gas emissions. Solar EOR is a viable alternative to gas-fired steam production for the oil industry by using the sun's energy to generate steam. For designing the long-term Solar EOR, Ayman Solar Concentrator (ASC) technology on low-cost solar thermal energy storage will generate high-temperature steam for 24 hours all day by enabling the system to achieve higher temperatures with less mirror surface. The evaluation of annual energy output from the solar project's design could save more than 8,672,400 MMBTU/year of natural gas and cut the environmental footprint up to 1200 metric tonnes per day of net CO2 so that natural gas can be sold and allocated to various sectors. Furthermore, the economic analysis shows that solar EOR has the lowest operational. This technology's novelty is its low cost and ability to generate steam to supply it upon demand in Indonesia's ongoing steamflood project.","doi":"10.33116/ije.v6i2.163","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4e77df10746a20edc40436ddbb462987e4e9637f","result_position":36,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":249836779,"title":"CCS and CCUS Technologies: Giving the Oil and Gas Industry a Green Future","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","year":2022,"authors":["Qiao Deng","Xingjie Ling","Kui Zhang","Leichuan Tan","G. Qi","Jian Zhang"],"abstract":"Cooperative Innovation Center of Unconventional Oil and Gas, Yangtze University (Ministry of Education and Hubei Province), Wuhan, China, Hubei Key Laboratory of Drilling and Production Engineering for Oil and Gas, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China, School of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China, CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited, Beijing, China, Chuanxi Drilling Company CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Co. Ltd, Chengdu, China","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2022.919330","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d4b3fd4864d2e855230bd3753700820e5b6749cf","result_position":37,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":236291589,"title":"Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage as a Defense Tool Against Climate Change: Current Developments in West Macedonia (Greece)","venue":"Energies","year":2021,"authors":["N. Koukouzas","Pavlos Tyrologou","D. Karapanos","J. Carneiro","P. Pereira","Fernanda de Mesquita Lobo Veloso","P. Koutsovitis","C. Karkalis","Eleonora Manoukian","Rania Karametou"],"abstract":"In West Macedonia (Greece), CO2 accounts as one of the largest contributors of greenhouse gas emissions related to the activity of the regional coal power plants located in Ptolemaida. The necessity to mitigate CO2 emissions to prevent climate change under the Paris Agreement's framework remains an ongoing and demanding challenge. It requires implementing crucial environmentally sustainable technologies to provide balanced solutions between the short-term needs for dependency on fossil fuels and the requirements to move towards the energy transition era. The challenge to utilise and store CO2 emissions will require actions aiming to contribute to a Europe-wide CCUS infrastructure. The Horizon 2020 European Project \"STRATEGY CCUS \"examines the potential for CO2 storage in the Mesohellenic Trough from past available data deploying the USDOE methodology. Research results show that CO2 storage capacities for the Pentalofos and Eptachori geological formations of the Mesohellenic Trough are estimated at 1.02 and 0.13 Gt, respectively, thus providing the potential for the implementation of a promising method for reducing CO2 emissions in Greece. A certain storage potential also applies to the Grevena sub-basin, offering the opportunity to store any captured CO2 in the area, including other remote regions.","doi":"10.3390/EN14113321","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1234ad79dfa9670ca77c9ede52b952d6c6caa3b1","result_position":38,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":269877541,"title":"Review of technologies for capturing carbon dioxide from industrial emissions as part of reducing the carbon footprint of plants and useful applications in water-gas stimulation techniques for enhanced oil recovery","venue":"E3S Web of Conferences","year":2024,"authors":["D.S. Klimov","A.N. Drozdov"],"abstract":"The article discusses the importance of finding effective technological solutions for CO2 capture and subsequent utilisation in the context of underground storage or underground injection of carbon dioxide in order to implement water-gas effects to enhance hydrocarbon recovery. The authors also focus on current and promising carbon capture methods, comparing their technological features, advantages and disadvantages. Conclusions are drawn about which technological developments may be the most promising for solving the problem of reducing the carbon footprint of energy industry enterprises, and where there is a need for further research, despite the high energy costs and technological complexities.","doi":"10.1051/e3sconf/202452402021","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/04e200ee470db06f130dd2ba15edf3845325803a","result_position":39,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":222167478,"title":"Pore- and Core-Scale Insights of Nanoparticle-Stabilized Foam for CO2-Enhanced Oil Recovery","venue":"Nanomaterials","year":2020,"authors":["Z. Alcorn","T. Føyen","J. Gauteplass","B. Benali","Aleksandra Soyke","M. Fernø"],"abstract":"Nanoparticles have gained attention for increasing the stability of surfactant-based foams during CO2 foam-enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and CO2 storage. However, the behavior and displacement mechanisms of hybrid nanoparticle–surfactant foam formulations at reservoir conditions are not well understood. This work presents a pore- to core-scale characterization of hybrid nanoparticle–surfactant foaming solutions for CO2 EOR and the associated CO2 storage. The primary objective was to identify the dominant foam generation mechanisms and determine the role of nanoparticles for stabilizing CO2 foam and reducing CO2 mobility. In addition, we shed light on the influence of oil on foam generation and stability. We present pore- and core-scale experimental results, in the absence and presence of oil, comparing the hybrid foaming solution to foam stabilized by only surfactants or nanoparticles. Snap-off was identified as the primary foam generation mechanism in high-pressure micromodels with secondary foam generation by leave behind. During continuous CO2 injection, gas channels developed through the foam and the texture coarsened. In the absence of oil, including nanoparticles in the surfactant-laden foaming solutions did not result in a more stable foam or clearly affect the apparent viscosity of the foam. Foaming solutions containing only nanoparticles generated little to no foam, highlighting the dominance of surfactant as the main foam generator. In addition, foam generation and strength were not sensitive to nanoparticle concentration when used together with the selected surfactant. In experiments with oil at miscible conditions, foam was readily generated using all the tested foaming solutions. Core-scale foam-apparent viscosities with oil were nearly three times as high as experiments without oil present due to the development of stable oil/water emulsions and their combined effect with foam for reducing CO2 mobility","doi":"10.3390/nano10101917","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0ac6da993a4ea475876c135e14897b76e434d879","result_position":40,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":213786601,"title":"CCS Projects: How Regulatory Framework Influences Their Deployment","venue":"Resources","year":2019,"authors":["N. Romasheva","A. Ilinova"],"abstract":"Preventing the effects of climate change is one of the most pressing challenges of this century. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology takes up a promising position in the achievement of a low-carbon future. Currently, CCS projects are implemented not only for CO2 storage but also for its usage in industries, in conformity with the principles of a circular economy. To date, a number of countries have accumulated experience in launching and implementing CCS projects. At the same time, the peculiarities and pace of technology development around the world remain different. This paper attempts to identify key factors that, first, generally affect CCS projects deployment, and second, create favorable conditions for CCS technologies development. Based on an extensive literature review and the experience of different countries, classification and interpretation of these factors are offered, justifying their impact on CCS projects. As a result of this paper, the authors present an assessment of the maturity of policy incentives and regulations in the field of CCS for different countries with revealed dependence between the level and effectiveness of CCS projects’ implementation, confirming the adequacy of the offered approaches and identifying measures that ensure success in CCS. The methodology of this study includes case studies, a modified PEST analysis, system-oriented analysis, the checklist method, and regression analyses.","doi":"10.3390/resources8040181","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/042aad3f6158725249c5ef51fec10021c0970aa9","result_position":41,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":248337004,"title":"Effect of Reservoir Heterogeneity on CO2 Flooding in Tight Oil Reservoirs","venue":"Energies","year":2022,"authors":["Jiashun Luo","Z. Hou","Guo-qing Feng","Jianxing Liao","Muhammad Haris","Ying Xiong"],"abstract":"Carbon dioxide (CO2)-enhanced oil recovery (EOR) has great potential and opportunity for further development, and it is one of the vital carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies. However, strong heterogeneity is one of the several challenges in developing reservoirs, especially for China’s continental tight oil reserves. This study investigates the effects of heterogeneous porosity and permeability on CO2 flooding evolution in low-permeable tight formation. We simulated CO2-EOR using a numerical model developed on the platform of TOUGH2MP-TMVOC to evaluate the effect of different levels of heterogeneity on oil production, gas storage, and flow behaviors in a tight reservoir, controlled by standard deviation and correlation length. A comparison of nine cases reveals that porosity heterogeneity commonly intensifies flow channeling, and there is an oil production decline with higher standard deviation and longer correlation length of porosity field. In addition, the porosity correlation length has a negligible effect on reservoir performance when the standard deviation is relatively low. Furthermore, strong heterogeneity also has a negative impact on the storage capacity of CO2 and oil production. Notably, as the standard deviation was raised to 0.1, a small sweep region arose with the early CO2 breakthrough, which led to a worse flooding effect. Finally, this study exemplifies that a higher injection/production rate and CO2 alternating N2 injection strategies can improve oil recovery in highly heterogeneous reservoirs.","doi":"10.3390/en15093015","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/476d7025fb01fd81c779c96459db473ea0210792","result_position":42,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":276196096,"title":"Rheological Properties of Crude Oil and Produced Emulsion from CO2 Flooding","venue":"Energies","year":2025,"authors":["Mingzheng Qiao","Fan Zhang","Weiqing Li"],"abstract":"Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) technology is recognized as a pivotal strategy to mitigate global climate change. The CO2 storage and enhanced oil recovery (CCUS-EOR) technology not only enhances oil recovery rates but also contributes to significant reductions in CO2 emissions, with significant social and economic benefits. This paper examines the application of CO2-EOR technology in both enhancing oil recovery and facilitating geological CO2 storage, and analyzes its implementation status and differences in the United States and China. Through experimental investigations conducted in a specific oilfield, we analyze the effects of dissolved CO2 on the viscosity–temperature characteristics, yield value under pressure, stability, and rheological properties of crude oil and produced fluids. Additionally, we assess the demulsification effectiveness of various demulsifiers. Our findings indicate that both dissolved CO2 in crude oil and emulsions exhibit non-Newtonian fluid behavior characterized by shear thinning, and the viscosity decreases with the increase in temperature and pressure. Furthermore, the presence of dissolved CO2 exacerbates the oil–water separation phenomenon in produced fluids, thereby diminishing emulsion stability. The increase in emulsion concentration and the increase in emulsification temperature are both conducive to improving the emulsification rate. These research results provide critical insights for pipeline design and pump selection in oilfield production processes.","doi":"10.3390/en18030739","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e0d666cc9d50c1a30758ffd100871b5f1be3e2fc","result_position":43,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":255850677,"title":"Eco-development of oil and gas industry: CCUS-EOR technology","venue":"Frontiers in Earth Science","year":2023,"authors":["Lian Yan","Jiajia Hu","Qiongyao Fang","Xueqin Xia","Banyu Lei","Q. Deng"],"abstract":"The current status and development prospects of CCUS-EOR technology development are sorted out from the perspective of ecological development. A good foundation is laid to promote the world low-carbon development pattern and the development of CCUS-EOR technology in oil-rich, low-permeability reservoirs. By analyzing the differences between China and the United States regarding the technology level, application scale, and production effect, the development gaps between different countries in terms of CO2 burial for enhanced oil and gas recovery are derived. In response to these gaps, recommendations for responsive technology research and supporting infrastructure construction are proposed, which are of reference significance for advancing the development of large-scale CCUS technology for all of humanity.","doi":"10.3389/feart.2022.1063042","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/80dba3ee6b351af9a5a4c5017ce624a2476c354a","result_position":44,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":270743617,"title":"Research on the Development and Policy Evolution of CCUS Industry at Home and Abroad","venue":"International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy","year":2024,"authors":["Jing Yu","Bo Zhou","Pingliang Fang","Bing Li","Wenchao Sun","Long Chang"],"abstract":"CCUS is internationally recognized as one of the three major pathways to achieve carbon neutrality goals. It is an important choice for realizing zero emissions from large-scale fossil energy utilization and a feasible technological solution to offset carbon emissions in industries such as power, steel, and cement where emissions reductions are challenging. Systematic analysis of the development and policy evolution of the CCUS industry at home and abroad can provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for China's energy transition and development under the background of carbon emission peaking and achieving carbon neutrality. Guided by the strategic goals of national energy security, carbon emission peaking, and achieving carbon neutrality, this study aims to analyze the global development process and stage characteristics of the CCUS industry, investigate the supporting policies in the CCUS field and their evolution patterns, summarize the current status and trends of the CCUS industry at home and abroad, and provide reference for the implementation of national energy green and low-carbon transformation and the construction of a new energy system. In terms of industry, European and American countries emphasize national-level technological guidance and macro-control. The United States has introduced the progressive 45Q tax credit policy, and the European Union has included CCUS in its carbon trading system. The US National Carbon Capture Center provides a testing environment and facilities for CCUS technology research and development, and has established a carbon dioxide industry cluster and transportation hub. In terms of policies, tax credits and carbon trading policies in Europe and America have attracted various types of capital investment, establishing a relatively complete legal framework system. These regions have been leading in CCUS technology research and deployment, holding dominant positions and decision-making power in mainstream international CCUS organizations such as the CSLF, IEA, GCCSI, and OGCI. This study benchmarks the forward-looking and strategic development status of the CCUS industry at home and abroad, elucidates the challenges facing CCUS industry development, and proposes future trends and policy support needs for the CCUS industry. The research reveals that Europe and America emphasize national-level technological guidance and macro-control, focusing on the construction of regional industrial networks and having established a relatively complete legal and regulatory framework system. Compared to other countries, China needs to establish national-level guidance on CCUS development, regional carbon dioxide capture and transportation networks, and enact specific laws, regulations, and technical standards for CCUS.\n","doi":"10.11648/j.ijepp.20241203.12","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/32953e012e5b6763b7d4901e797ac71ec5006ec2","result_position":45,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":270317142,"title":"The Role of CCUS in a Low-Carbon Future: A Critical Review","venue":"The Bombay Technologist","year":2024,"authors":["Mohit Gedam"],"abstract":"With global CO2 emissions continuing to rise, driving concerning rates of climate change, carbon capture,utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies have attracted renewed interest for their potential to reduceatmospheric greenhouse gas levels. This review provides a wide-ranging overview of current and emergingapproaches to CCUS. Fundamental concepts in CCUS, including pre-combustion capture, post-combustioncapture, oxyfuel combustion, and CO2 mineralization are discussed. The spectrum of technologies available fortransporting, utilizing, and storing captured CO2 is then explored. The use of pipelines, ships, rail, and trucks formoving compressed or liquefied CO2 has been examined for transportation. Potential utilization options includeenhanced oil recovery, fuel synthesis, microbial conversion, and mineral carbonation. Analysis of geologicalsequestration in saline aquifers and depleted oil/gas reservoirs, ocean storage, and mineral carbonation hasbeen done for storing CO2. The maturity level, costs, scalability, and technical feasibility of different CCUStechnologies have been outlined. Critical challenges highlighted include the energy-intensive nature of currentcapture processes, infrastructure needs for transport and storage, and costs. This review synthesizes currenttechnical knowledge on CCUS to identify the most promising approaches to reducing atmospheric CO2 levelscost-effectively. It is then concluded by identifying critical research priorities, including improving captureefficiency, developing robust storage site assessments, monitoring technology, using captured CO2 for sustainableproducts, and accelerating adoption through policy incentives. If global multi-disciplinary efforts are taken, CCUScan play a significant role in achieving carbon-neutral energy systems worldwide. This review provides aframework for understanding the current state of CCUS that can guide researchers and policymakers inadvancing the deployment of CCUS technologies to areas where they hold the most potential to combat climatechange.","doi":"10.36664/bt/2023/v70i1/173202","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dd24aa9171434987e8d0db1bab08e110f22564aa","result_position":46,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":226732621,"title":"Policy and Regulation of Energy Transition","venue":"The Geopolitics of the Global Energy Transition","year":2020,"authors":["K. Daszkiewicz"],"abstract":"Energy security and affordability have represented for a long time central issues for all countries in the world. Nevertheless, the continuing increase of energy use, the related CO2 emissions and air-quality problems have spurred additional concerns over the way that countries produce and consume energy. Many governments are taking actions to steer away from fossil fuels and to move towards a clean energy future. The path towards this goal is often referred to as clean energy transition. However, our current path is still not in line with the ambitions. Economics and markets can play a role, but policymakers will play the central role. Energy policies have been effective in several sectors and countries to deliver some important results so far – e.g. for cars, appliances, lighting, wind and solar PV in power – but much more needs to be done. Trucks, petrochemicals, aviation, coal power reduction and phase-out, renewables in heat and transport, energy efficiency in industry and buildings, CCUS are some examples of next steps and actions to take. Not leaving behind the good efforts done till now, that need to be continued and stepped up. With a strong focus on renewables and energy efficiency, this chapter looks at the different types of policies that have been effective in delivering these goals and provides examples for the way forward.","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-39066-2_9","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2db0991e52fd89466803a48ebf471573824f0869","result_position":47,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":225780900,"title":"Cross-regional drivers for CCUS deployment","venue":"","year":2020,"authors":["A. Ku","P. Cook","Pingjiao Hao","Xiaochun Li","J. Lemmon","Toby Lockwood","N. M. Dowell","S. P. Singh","N. Wei","Wayne Xu"],"abstract":"CO2 capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) is recognized as a uniquely important option in global efforts to control anthropogenic greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions Despite significant progress globally in advancing the maturity of the various component technologies and their assembly into full-chain demonstrations, a gap remains on the path to widespread deployment in many countries In this paper, we focus on the importance of business models adapted to the unique technical features and sociopolitical drivers in different regions as a necessary component of commercial scale-up and how lessons might be shared across borders We identify three archetypes for CCUS development—resource recovery, green growth and low-carbon grids—each with different near-term issues that, if addressed, will enhance the prospect of successful commercial deployment These archetypes provide a framing mechanism that can help to translate experience in one region or context to other locations by clarifying the most important technical issues and policy requirements Going forward, the archetype framework also provides guidance on how different regions can converge on the most effective use of CCUS as part of global deep-decarbonization efforts over the long term","doi":"10.1093/ce/zkaa008","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/47ed193ed32467db1241a1c2b2f6ae66510379b6","result_position":48,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":257330999,"title":"Carbon capture and storage: net zero contribution and cost estimation approaches","venue":"Journal of Mining Institute","year":2023,"authors":["D. Skobelev","A. Cherepovitsyna","Tatiana Guseva"],"abstract":"Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) are a combination of necessary and promising technologies that can help reduce CO2 emissions, which are not used on a large scale due to the high cost of solutions. This article aims to review and analyze carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects in terms of their net zero contribution and cost estimates. The study identified a wide range of cost estimation methods that can be applied to CCS projects and revealed such issues as a lack of standardization, limited data, and cost data variability. Still, several common trends were found, including the classification of CCS adopters into low-cost and high-cost industries, cost estimation by CCS step (capture, transportation, storage) and industry (power generation, other sectors), and calculation of relative indices to make comparisons with other decarbonization options. The results of the study can serve as a foundation for developing approaches to estimating the costs of CCS in Russia, which are necessary for planning government support measures and involving businesses in the implementation of these initiatives.","doi":"10.31897/pmi.2023.10","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c2a9bb02a84e9311c8feeda923298da4ce5c42c1","result_position":49,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":267164939,"title":"EVALUATION OF CONTINUOUS AND WATER ALTERNATING GAS (WAG) CO2 INJECTION ON X FIELD RECOVERY FACTOR","venue":"Journal of Earth Energy Engineering","year":2024,"authors":["Pijar Fitrah Ababil","Hadziqul Abror","Riska Laksmita Sari"],"abstract":"Indonesia is a country rich in natural resources. The wealth of Indonesia's natural resources is not only limited to agricultural and plantation products, but also from mineral and hydrocarbon mining or oil and gas. Indonesia's oil production has continued to decline in the last 10 years until the national consumption rate is much higher than national production. One of the causes of the decline in oil production in Indonesia is the condition of Indonesia's oil fields, which are currently mature fields. To overcome the problem of old fields that still have economic oil reserves, enhanced oil recovery (EOR) can be used. One of the EOR methods that can be used is the CO2 injection method using continuous and WAG injection schemes. The study was conducted in X field with oil-wet carbonate rock composition with waterdrive and fluid expansion driving mechanism. The basecase production scheme using 5 production wells produces a recovery factor of 34.3%, while continuous CO2 injection produces a recovery factor of 32%, and CO2-WAG produces a recovery factor of 42%. Continuous CO2 injection has the lowest recovery factor because early gas breaktrough occurs due to a large mobility ratio and causes gas fingering, hindering the oil production process. The most suitable injection method is CO2-WAG 1 cycle using a 1:1 ratio, CO2 injection volume of 6.661 MSCF/D, injection water volume of 37.4 MBBL/D with a recovery factor of 43.46%.","doi":"10.25299/jeee.2023.13689","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/70512544eaee2a0fbeab1b70d5b24bbb151210c2","result_position":50,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":116059816,"title":"A Review of Carbon Capture and Storage Project Investment and Operational Decision-Making Based on Bibliometrics","venue":"Energies","year":2018,"authors":["Jiaquan Li","Yun-bing Hou","Pengtao Wang","Bo Yang"],"abstract":"The research on carbon capture and storage (CCS) project planning and investment and operational decision-making can provide a reference for enterprises to invest in CCS and for policy-makers to formulate policies to promote CCS development. So what are the current research hotspots in this field and the gaps that still need to be further studied in the future? This paper reviews the research in the field by a bibliometric analysis. The results show that the research in this field first focus on cost analysis, followed by project investment evaluation, project planning (cost curve and pipeline network), and project operation. In particular, fossil fuel power plants, pipeline transportation, and oil fields are the most crucial objects in the three technical links of CCS projects, respectively. Policies, carbon pricing, and uncertainty in cost and benefits are factors that are mainly discussed in this field. The methods used for CCS project planning are cost curve model and optimization model. The real option approach is suitable for the evaluation of investment decision-making. The evaluation of operational decision is mostly based on optimization model. The future research directions can be summarized as five points: (1) continuously and systematically update the calculated costs in the current research to the unified price of the latest year; (2) calculate the cost curve from the perspective of emission sources; (3) expand the planning region of pipeline network to the country, continent, and even the entire world; (4) pay more attention to the investment assessment of the CCS project that may be implemented with low cost and high return; and (5) analyze the optimal operation mode of CCS in the low-load power system.","doi":"10.3390/EN12010023","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4a687583ffc45c0d6af85d5c5f7cc16f45fa842f","result_position":51,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":233694740,"title":"Assessing the Role of Carbon Capture and Storage in Mitigation Pathways of Developing Economies","venue":"Energies","year":2021,"authors":["P. Fragkos"],"abstract":"The Paris Agreement has set out ambitious climate goals aiming to keep global warming well-below 2 °C by 2100. This requires a large-scale transformation of the global energy system based on the uptake of several technological options to reduce drastically emissions, including expansion of renewable energy, energy efficiency improvements, and fuel switch towards low-carbon energy carriers. The current study explores the role of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) as a mitigation option, which provides a dispatchable source for carbon-free production of electricity and can also be used to decarbonise industrial processes. In the last decade, limited technology progress and slow deployment of CCS technologies worldwide have increased the concerns about the feasibility and potential for massive scale-up of CCS required for deep decarbonisation. The current study uses the state-of-the-art PROMETHEUS global energy demand and supply system model to examine the role and impacts of CCS deployment in a global decarbonisation context. By developing contrasted decarbonisation scenarios, the analysis illustrates that CCS deployment might bring about various economic and climate benefits for developing economies, in the form of reduced emissions, lower mitigation costs, ensuring the cost efficient integration of renewables, limiting stranded fossil fuel assets, and alleviating the negative distributional impacts of cost-optimal policies for developing economies.","doi":"10.3390/EN14071879","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d6a5c35aa2d025f082a9569e46cefa0345ba0103","result_position":52,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":252135750,"title":"Analysis and optimization of energy flow in the full chain of carbon dioxide capture and oil recovery","venue":"Carbon Neutrality","year":2022,"authors":["Fuzhen Zhang","R. Xu","Yingxu He","Xin Fang","Peipei Jiang"],"abstract":"CO2 capture is a process with a high energy consumption, and its large-scale implementation should be based on comprehensive analysis of its impact on the energy, economy, and environment. The process of injecting CO2 into existing oil fields is a well-known enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) technique. Using CO2 as a working fluid to recover oil can compensate for the energy consumption of the capture and transport processes, increasing the feasibility of CO2 capture while achieving carbon sequestration. In this study, a full-chain CO2 capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) system based on the post-combustion capture method is deconstructed and coupled. A full-chain energy consumption calculation software is developed, and optimization analysis of the energy consumption system is conducted. The energy budget of the oil displacement utilization is deconstructed, and the advantages of the water alternating gas (WAG) method are clarified from an energy budget point of view. The analysis reveals that the benefits of CO2-EOR are far greater than the energy consumption of other CCUS processes, and CCUS-EOR is a CO2 utilization method with positive energy benefits. Based on the simulation of the effects of N2 and CH4 on the recovery factor, a multi-well combined injection-production method is proposed, and the reasons for increasing profit are analyzed. Optimization analysis of the energy consumption for CCUS system is conducted. The advantages of the WAG method are clarified from an energy budget point of view. The CCUS-EOR is a CO2 utilization method with positive energy benefits.","doi":"10.1007/s43979-022-00031-7","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/540b0a2d336141e30fde767e3f62e906d3a4bf04","result_position":53,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":213050756,"title":"COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FEASIBILITY OF DIFFERENT CO2 STORAGE SCENARIOS","venue":"EMAN 2019 – Economics & Management: How to Cope With Disrupted Times CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS","year":2019,"authors":["M. Arnaut","D. Vulin","Lucija Jukić","D. Sedlar"],"abstract":"Carbon dioxide injection is the most used enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method and the benefit, besides additional oil recovery, which lies in the fact that in this process carbon dioxide retention in the reservoir occurs. Depleted reservoirs are more promising candidates for the carbon dioxide storage than aquifers and other geological formations since they are well characterized i.e., the reservoir properties are more certain because of the data gathering and reservoir model improvement during production lifetime. Since the hydrocarbon reservoirs retained fluids through geological time scale, they can be considered as proven traps that can retain fluids for a long time. Possibilities for CO2 storage (CCS) and usage for EOR (carbon utilization and storage, CUS) have been extensively evaluated, but comparison of economic parameters is hard to perform. This paper presents the impact of key parameters on hydrocarbon production and stored carbon dioxide. The threshold values for operating costs, capital investments, and discount rate were tested by ESCOM application, enabling the evaluation of different reservoir sizes and conditions in the reservoir for CCS and CUS.","doi":"10.31410/eman.2019.705","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5e3ba03fa1ba3a5b6cc920adc700a4ea0c8db508","result_position":54,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":105306241,"title":"Carbon Dioxide Utilization and Sequestration in Kerogen Nanopores","venue":"Carbon Capture, Utilization and Sequestration","year":2018,"authors":["Cudjoe Sherifa","B. Reza"],"abstract":"Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) has been injected into oil reservoirs to maximize production for decades. On the other hand, emitted CO 2 from industrial processes is captured and stored in geological formations to mitigate greenhouse gas effects. As such, greater attention is drawn to the potential of utilizing the captured CO 2 in EOR processes. A significant por - tion of the injected CO 2 remains trapped due to capillary forces and through dissolution in residual liquids. In organic-rich shales, the presence of isolated kerogen nanopores add to the sequestration process due to the adsorptive nature of the surface and its preference to CO 2 over methane (CH 4 ), in addition to the sealing capacities of these formations. This work summarizes the latest findings of the literature with the purpose of defining further areas of investigation to fully capitalize on the potential of CO 2 sequestration and utiliza- tion in kerogen nanopores.","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78235","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5c682022b22f4321881720048a2772e889f8ee0b","result_position":55,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":134655778,"title":"Analysis and selection of CO2 sources for CCS-EOR projects in oil fields clusters in Poland","venue":"","year":2017,"authors":["E. Mikołajczak","P. Kosowski","J. Stopa","Joanna Wartak"],"abstract":"Reducing CO2 emissions from industrial plants that use fossil fuels as their energy source is regarded as one of the major challenges for combating climate change [4]. An option for accomplishing that aim is the CO2 capture, utilization and storage technology (CCUS). It involves capturing CO2 from flue gas, transporting it, utilizing it for economically productive activities (CCU – carbon capture and utilization), and/or permanently disposing it in nonatmospheric sinks (CCS carbon capture and storage). Some technologies, such as enhanced oil recovery (EOR) allow simultaneous CCUS [7], because CO2 is a well-recognized asset in the petroleum industry for the enhancement of oil extraction. Its use for enhanced oil recovery is a process that seeks to improve the flow and recovery rate of hydrocarbon from a reservoir (CO2-EOR) [5]. Unlike other options for CO2 utilization (e.g. use as a chemical feedstock), EOR can provide long-term storage and is able to increase the production of an economically valuable resource [6]. CO2-EOR is expected to produce additional 5–20% of the original oil in place (OOIP) [4] and it is also identified to have a strong potential to reduce the overall CCS cost, however the cost benefits are strongly dependent on the oil price and the considered EOR injection period [2]. CO2-EOR is usually a large-scale project and requires techno-economic evaluation before its deployment, a particularly important issue in this assessment is the availability of a low-cost source of CO2. The issue of selection of sources of CO2 for projects CCS-CO2-EOR is raised in a number of references [1–2, 4–7]. This article includes a comprehensive selection of emitters, which are appropriate carbon dioxide suppliers for the oil fields clusters (Fig. 1) selected as a part of the project „Multifield CO2","doi":"10.7494/DRILL.2018.35.1.295","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cf35f5c2aef56dc54b65f3bd0d6a0b1c9fedba52","result_position":56,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":269561336,"title":"A Comprehensive Summary of the Application of Machine Learning Techniques for CO2-Enhanced Oil Recovery Projects","venue":"Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction","year":2024,"authors":["Xuejia Du","Sameer Salasakar","Ganesh C. Thakur"],"abstract":"This paper focuses on the current application of machine learning (ML) in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) through CO2 injection, which exhibits promising economic and environmental benefits for climate-change mitigation strategies. Our comprehensive review explores the diverse use cases of ML techniques in CO2-EOR, including aspects such as minimum miscible pressure (MMP) prediction, well location optimization, oil production and recovery factor prediction, multi-objective optimization, Pressure–Volume–Temperature (PVT) property estimation, Water Alternating Gas (WAG) analysis, and CO2-foam EOR, from 101 reviewed papers. We catalog relative information, including the input parameters, objectives, data sources, train/test/validate information, results, evaluation, and rating score for each area based on criteria such as data quality, ML-building process, and the analysis of results. We also briefly summarized the benefits and limitations of ML methods in petroleum industry applications. Our detailed and extensive study could serve as an invaluable reference for employing ML techniques in the petroleum industry. Based on the review, we found that ML techniques offer great potential in solving problems in the majority of CO2-EOR areas involving prediction and regression. With the generation of massive amounts of data in the everyday oil and gas industry, machine learning techniques can provide efficient and reliable preliminary results for the industry.","doi":"10.3390/make6020043","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c94f8fc26f4bc4e90c7b750edcd86b0b537e913c","result_position":57,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":261766936,"title":"Current Status and Prospects of Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage Technology in the Context of International Carbon Neutrality Strategic Goals","venue":"E3S Web of Conferences","year":2023,"authors":["Bin Gu"],"abstract":"China is the world's largest emitter of greenhouse gases, and its huge emissions have attracted strong attention from the world. After accurate calculation, the Chinese government clearly proposed the goal of carbon peak by 2030, carbon neutrality by 2060, from relative emission reduction to absolute emission reduction, and then zero emissions, which became an ambitious \"China plan\" and road map. Starting with the strategic goals of carbon neutrality in China and other countries in the world, this article introduces in detail the characteristics and practical applications of CCUS (Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage) technology, as well as the current research status and progress of carbon capture, carbon utilization, and carbon storage technologies. Based on China's national conditions and reality, it analyzes various challenges faced by CCUS technology, including economic, technological, environmental, and policy aspects. Finally, this article places the future vision on the international stage, analyzes and summarizes the development experience of CCUS technology in developed countries, and puts forward suggestions for the development of CCUS technology in China.","doi":"10.1051/e3sconf/202342404015","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/45d8d23846d9f15667b9b5a334aefd22ccfdcafa","result_position":58,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":270511344,"title":"Exploration and Applications of Carbon Utilization and Sequestration Technologies","venue":"Highlights in Science Engineering and Technology","year":2024,"authors":["Feng Dong","Xiying Zhu"],"abstract":"In recent years, the surge in global energy demand due to rapid technological advances has led to a significant increase in greenhouse gas emissions, resulting in a climate and energy crisis. Against this backdrop, the challenge for the global energy sector is to weigh the advantages and disadvantages of different carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies in order to select the most appropriate method for each situation. This study focuses on Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and ocean sequestration technologies and analyzes their theories, advantages, obstacles, and applications. EOR technology improves the efficiency of crude oil extraction by storing carbon dioxide (CO2) in deep strata and reducing the viscosity of the oil. This technology not only helps to reduce greenhouse gas emissions but also increases the rate of extraction of crude oil, providing a double benefit that makes it a commercially viable technology. However, the challenge with enhanced oil recovery technology is the high cost of facilities, which may limit its development prospects. Ocean sequestration refers to the storage of CO2 in the deep seabed to delay its contact with the atmosphere. The delay in the time of CO2 emissions brings a huge time value. However, ocean storage also has negative impacts, such as excessive CO2 in the ocean leading to acidification of seawater, disrupting the stability of ocean pH values, and ultimately leading to the extinction of deep-sea organisms.","doi":"10.54097/4gp32g05","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cb242721fafe9e82e3679bdde76cca3abec7f9a1","result_position":59,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":261206241,"title":"Machine-Learning-Based Approach to Optimize CO2-WAG Flooding in Low Permeability Oil Reservoirs","venue":"Energies","year":2023,"authors":["Ming Gao","Zhaoxia Liu","Shihao Qian","Wan-lu Liu","Weirong Li","Hengfei Yin","Jinhong Cao"],"abstract":"One of the main applications of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology in the industry is carbon-dioxide-enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR). However, accurately and rapidly assessing their application potential remains a major challenge. In this study, a numerical model of the CO2-WAG technique was developed using the reservoir numerical simulation software CMG (Version 2021), which is widely used in the field of reservoir engineering. Then, 10,000 different reservoir models were randomly generated using the Monte Carlo method for numerical simulations, with each having different formation physical parameters, fluid parameters, initial conditions, and injection and production parameters. Among them, 70% were used as the training set and 30% as the test set. A comprehensive analysis was conducted using eight different machine learning regression methods to train and evaluate the dataset. After evaluation, the XGBoost algorithm emerged as the top-performing method and was selected as the optimal approach for the prediction and optimization. By integrating the production prediction model with a particle swarm optimizer (PSO), a workflow for optimizing the CO2-EOR parameters was developed. This process enables the rapid optimization of the CO2-EOR parameters and the prediction of the production for each period based on cumulative production under different geological conditions. The proposed XGBoost-PSO proxy model accurately, reliably, and efficiently predicts production, thereby making it an important tool for optimizing CO2-EOR design.","doi":"10.3390/en16176149","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7aac69f5756a912d7f58276b5a9326679921831c","result_position":60,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":29719155,"title":"Carbon Capture and Storage and Carbon Capture and Utilization: What Do They Offer to Indonesia?","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","year":2017,"authors":["Didi Adisaputro","B. Saputra"],"abstract":"Indonesia is a developing country with abundance resource of fossil fuel in the world, and this fossil fuel will remain as the main source of energy over the next few decades. However, the Indonesian Government has committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel consumption as an effort to mitigate climate change. In view of this, two possible energy scenarios are envisioned to honor this commitment: “business as usual” (BaU) and the National Energy Policy (NEP) scenario (National Energy Council, 2014). The NEP scenario reduces CO2 emissions by up to 26% through an improved energy mix, less reliance on carbon-based fuels, and the deployment of renewable energy sources from 2020 to 2050. However, these actions are considered insufficient to further reduce the CO2 emission target, leading to an initiative to implement carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology. Although Indonesia is a developing country, it has a mature manufacturing industry, which means that carbon-capture utilization (CCU) technology, which converts CO2 into useful products and intermediates, could provide an additional method to complement CCS technology and help decouple economic growth from excessive CO2 emission (Styring et al., 2014). This report reviews how CCS and CCU are applied in Indonesia, particularly in relation to the energy sector. In addition, CO2 emissions from future fossil fuel consumption are predicted together with the amount of CO2 emitted that is suitable for CCS. The barriers hindering the application of CCS are also reviewed together with the alternatives to CCU technology. Because of some drawbacks in the development of CCS, the potential of CCU deployment is assessed, leading to several recommendations. Finally, we discuss what the application of both CCS and CCU can offer Indonesia.","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2017.00006","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c604554c21468409f1ffe0f0cf7fb3d6d2b40c53","result_position":61,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":116782763,"title":"Technical and Economic Performance Metrics for CCUS Projects: Example from the East Canton Consolidated Oil Field, Ohio, USA","venue":"","year":2017,"authors":["I. Fukai","Srikanta Mishra","Ashwin Pasumarti"],"abstract":"Abstract A cost-benefit analysis is presented to evaluate the economic feasibility of carbon dioxide-enhanced oil recovery in Ohio. Integrating Ohio-specific data with reservoir performance and economic models, the analysis is applied to an oilfield in Ohio to illustrate application of the methodology. A break-even correlation is presented that may serve as a stand-alone metric for project screening purposes to determine the price conditions at which carbon dioxide becomes a viable purchase for EOR and a marketable asset for power plants with capture technology.","doi":"10.1016/J.EGYPRO.2017.03.1838","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1126665ff7ac79e1102626b44d1abec3bf61f9fb","result_position":62,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":271496216,"title":"Prospective techno-economic and life cycle assessment: a review across established and emerging carbon capture, storage and utilization (CCS/CCU) technologies","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","year":2024,"authors":["Pingping Wang","Ada Josefina Robinson","Stavros Papadokonstantakis"],"abstract":"Carbon Capture, Storage and Utilization (CCS/CCU) is critical for achieving net-zero emissions. Although the recent surge in CCS/CCU projects announcement, there is a clear gap between announced capacity (around 400 Mt CO₂ per year) and the Net Zero Emissions (NZE) scenario deployment target (around 1 Gt per year) by 2030. This review examines breakthroughs and advancements across both established and emerging CCS/CCU systems with different Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs) in various industrial sectors, emphasizing the necessity of prospective assessments for their acceleration and scalability. It examines the development and application of prospective Life Cycle Assessment (pLCA) and prospective Techno-Economic Assessment (pTEA), highlighting their limitations and importance of their outcomes in decision-making processes. Differences between the evolving dynamics of the technological systems (foreground) and the evolution of the overall socioeconomic system (background) are discussed. Incorporating scenario data from Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) into pLCA and pTEA reveals an iterative relationship that significantly influences the outcome of both the environmental assessments and the economics of large-scale production of the CCS/CCU systems under study. This, in turn, could reshape investment strategies towards advanced technologies, necessitating their consideration within the evolving structure of IAMs. It is concluded that the inherent limitations of CCS/CCU technologies at an early stage of development require quantitative uncertainty analysis and demand robustness, interdisciplinary collaboration, policy intervention, and data transparency. The rigorous evaluative frameworks are key for developing economic, environmental and climate policies and enable well-informed decisions across rapidly evolving sectors. A framework is proposed in this review, outlining a multistep process that includes a series of databases and open-source tools to interface pTEA and pLCA with enhanced IAMs for CCS/CCU, demonstrating its potential to improve decision-making and policy development.","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2024.1412770","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a04d4db7b7fb20bfafb9dbdb72ff74dd3dbbe216","result_position":63,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":219433044,"title":"Business Models for Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage Technologies in the Steel Sector: A Qualitative Multi-Method Study","venue":"Processes","year":2020,"authors":["Hasan Muslemani","Xi Liang","Katharina Kaesehage","Jeffrey Wilson"],"abstract":"Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is a combination of technologies capable of achieving large-scale reductions in carbon dioxide emissions across a variety of industries. Its application to date has however been mostly limited to the power sector, despite emissions from other industrial sectors accounting for around 30% of global anthropogenic CO2 emissions. This paper explores the challenges of and requirements for implementing CCUS in non-power industrial sectors in general, and in the steel sector in particular, to identify drivers for the technology’s commercialization. To do so we first conducted a comprehensive literature review of business models of existing large-scale CCUS projects. We then collected primary qualitative data through a survey questionnaire and semi-structured interviews with global CCUS experts from industry, academia, government, and consultancies. Our results reveal that the revenue model is the most critical element to building successful CCUS business models, around which the following elements are structured: funding sources, capital & ownership structure, and risk management/allocation. One promising mechanism to subsidize the additional costs associated with the introduction of CCUS to industry is the creation of a ‘low-carbon product market’, while the creation of clear risk-allocation systems along the full CCUS chain is particularly highlighted. The application of CCUS as an enabling emission reduction technology is further shown to be a factor of consumer and shareholder pressures, pressing environmental standards, ethical resourcing, resource efficiency, and first-mover advantages in an emerging market. This paper addresses the knowledge gap which exists in identifying viable CCUS business models in the industrial sector which, with the exception of a few industry reports, remains poorly explored in the academic literature.","doi":"10.3390/pr8050576","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/774ea1e103d5c3192ad621d6c0317a3d6c821e3f","result_position":64,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":234184294,"title":"Green Technological Development and Deployment in the Association of Southeast Asian Economies (ASEAN)—At Crossroads or Roundabout?","venue":"Sustainability","year":2021,"authors":["Rabindra Nepal","Han Phoumin","Abiral Khatri"],"abstract":"Southeast Asia faces one of the fastest growths in electricity demand in the world, driven by increasing incomes, urbanization and industrialization. Development and deployment of green energy technologies offer a natural conduit to meet the growing electricity needs of the Association of Southeast Asian Economies (ASEAN) region while also serving as a viable strategy to adapt to climate change. The aim of this study is to formulate the policy lessons for the ASEAN economies and governments in facilitating the development and deployment of green technologies and alternatives energy options based on a specific case review of the ASEAN. The ASEAN economic region is prioritizing sustainable economic growth while minimizing the regional impacts of climate change through decarbonization. The study undertakes a case-specific analysis in reviewing green energy deployment in the context of green growth and energy transition using secondary data sources and discusses the current status and future options of renewable energy development in the ASEAN. We find that carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies will allow the ASEAN to continue to use fossil fuels while achieving sustainable economic growth as coal demand increases in the region. The deployment of CCS technologies will also act as an enabler of hydrogen energy as a green energy solution in the region in the longer term. Boosting public acceptance to nuclear energy, implementing energy efficiency improvement policies and eliminating fossil fuels consumption subsidies are feasible short-term and medium-term policies. Increasing both the public and private sector energy investments and development of CCS technologies in the longer term are necessary complementary policies to maximize the benefits of greater deployment of renewable energy sources in the region and combat climate change.","doi":"10.3390/SU13020758","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c5ead06098a5f40d060becb082b6ca642da32a72","result_position":65,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":251278967,"title":"Community acceptance and social impacts of carbon capture, utilization and storage projects: A systematic meta-narrative literature review","venue":"PLoS ONE","year":2022,"authors":["Jacob A. E. Nielsen","Kostas Stavrianakis","Zoe Morrison"],"abstract":"This manuscript presents a systematic meta-narrative review of peer-reviewed publications considering community acceptance and social impacts of site-specific Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) projects to inform the design and implementation of CCUS projects who seek to engage with communities during this process, as well as similar climate mitigation and adaptation initiatives. A meta-narrative approach to systematic review was utilized to understand literature from a range of site specific CCUS studies. 53 peer-reviewed papers were assessed reporting empirical evidence from studies on community impacts and social acceptance of CCUS projects published between 2009 and 2021. Three separate areas of contestation were identified. The first contestation was on acceptance, including how acceptance was conceptualized, how the different CCUS projects engaged with communities, and the role of acceptance in social learning. The second contestation related to communities: how communities were represented, where the communities were located in relation to the CCUS projects, and how the communities were defined. The third contestation was around CCUS impacts and the factors influencing individuals’ perceptions of impacts, the role of uncertainty, and how impacts were challenged by local communities, politicians and scientists involved in the projects. The next step was to explore how these contestations were conceptualised, the aspects of commonality and difference, as well as the notable omissions. This facilitated a synthesis of the key dimensions of each contestation to inform our discussion regarding community awareness and acceptance of CCUS projects. This review concludes that each CCUS project is complex thus it is not advisable to provide best practice guidelines that will ensure particular outcomes. This systematic review shared recommendations in the literature as to how best to facilitate community engagement in relation to CCUS projects and similar place-based industrial innovation projects. These recommendations focus on the importance of providing transparency, acknowledging uncertainty and encouraging collaboration.","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0272409","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bb8dc34fc82e1c827ae97c1f17e8bfbac24aea98","result_position":66,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":274553908,"title":"A Review of Algae-Based Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (Algae-Based CCUS)","venue":"Gases","year":2024,"authors":["Guiheng Li","Jia Yao"],"abstract":"Excessive emissions of greenhouse gases, primarily carbon dioxide (CO2), have garnered worldwide attention due to their significant environmental impacts. Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) techniques have emerged as effective solutions to address CO2 emissions. Recently, direct air capture (DAC) and bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) have been advanced within the CCUS framework as negative emission technologies. BECCS, which involves cultivating biomass for energy production, then capturing and storing the resultant CO2 emissions, offers cost advantages over DAC. Algae-based CCUS is integral to the BECCS framework, leveraging algae’s biological processes to capture and sequester CO2 while simultaneously contributing to energy production and potentially achieving net negative carbon emissions. Algae’s high photosynthetic efficiency, rapid growth rates, and ability to grow in non-arable environments provide significant advantages over other BECCS methods. This comprehensive review explores recent innovations in algae-based CCUS technologies, focusing on the mechanisms of carbon capture, utilization, and storage through algae. It highlights advancements in algae cultivation for efficient carbon capture, algae-based biofuel production, and algae-based dual carbon storage materials, as well as key challenges that need to be addressed for further optimization. This review provides valuable insights into the potential of algae-based CCUS as a key component of global carbon reduction strategies.","doi":"10.3390/gases4040024","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f5ef7fdd0704834b042e676d4b09a3b6cb4a4976","result_position":67,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":261384302,"title":"Advancing Sustainability through Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) Technologies: The Hydrogel Case Study","venue":"Journal of Sustainable Development Law and Policy","year":2023,"authors":["Eduardo G. Pereira","Alberto Fossà","C. Cerri","O. Omotuyi","Hannah Hylton-Edwards","Edmilson Moutinho Dos Santos","A. Gallo","Cylon Liaw","Bruna Toguedani"],"abstract":"Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) consists of several technologies that are capable of playing significant and diverse roles in the achievement of global energy and climate goals under the context of energy transition. It forms a relevant technological approach for capturing carbon and delivering a net zero energy system. Currently, CCUS projects are mainly taking place in developed countries, with some of them having specific promotion policies such as 45Q under IRA in the US. Several of the current CCUS activities take the form of enhanced oil recovery (EOR). CCS have a value chain comprising the CO2 capture, compression and liquefaction, transportation (by pipeline or ships), and storage (e.g., underground in saline aquifer or depleted reservoirs). CCU shares some of the CCS value chain elements, except storage, as it consists of techniques and initiatives that convert captured emitted carbons into useful products. Hence, adopting a qualitative research methodology, this study explores the concept and relevancy of CCUS in achieving net zero emissions using hydrogel as a case study. This study aims for the implementation of a new CCUS value chain that involves products based on carbon sequestration in land-based carbon dioxide removal (CDR), leading to a high potential for mitigating carbon emissions. Consequently, CCUS is vital to attenuate the problems of climate change, as it plays a key role in decarbonizing and facing the challenge of anthropogenic CO2 emissions, in addition to providing a long-term alternative compatible with sustainable development. Based on its properties and characteristics, especially as a polymeric electrolyte with a high capacity for conducting physical separation, this study proposes hydrogel as a viable technique for the maximum capture of atmospheric carbon. Such captured carbon is then utilized for various applications or stored appropriately. This study concludes with a highlight of specific lessons learned in this regard, and the major challenges observed with this CCUS technique.","doi":"10.4314/jsdlp.v14i1.11s","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/48835c487a7addc928387c1919b61fcf5b5644bd","result_position":68,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":247363912,"title":"CCUS Industry Under Target of Carbon-Peak and Carbon-Neutrality: Progress and Challenges","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","year":2022,"authors":["Lin Cao","Sheng Lei","Yuanxiao Guan","Yahui Wang","Yuxi Zhang","Jingtong Tian","Tongbing Wang","Ben-fu Luo","Tangzheng Ren"],"abstract":"Since the industrial revolution, carbon emissions in the atmosphere have increased by about 25–30% due to the increasing frequency of human activities. As human society progresses, the increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere caused by human activities has led to global warming and other climate problems have gradually become apparent. In the past decade, climate anomalies and natural disasters have occurred around the world, and the culprit is CO2 emissions. On September 22, 2020, Xi Jinping announced at the 75th General Debate of the United Nations General Assembly that “China will increase its independent national contribution, adopt stronger policies and measures, and strive to peak CO2 emissions by 2030 and work towards achieving carbon neutrality by 2060.” The introduction of the dual carbon targets has sparked strong interest in the domestic and international communities. Carbon dioxide capture, utilization and burial (CCUS) technology is gradually being taken seriously by society as an emerging technology and important means that is expected to achieve large-scale low-carbon utilization of fossil fuels, reduce CO2 emissions, guarantee energy security and achieve sustainable development.","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2022.860665","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/01cfa389fc6e9551a6833fc565027199e7055bad","result_position":69,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":273823869,"title":"Establishing Key Process Design Considerations for Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) Towards Decarbonization of Existing Assets Operations","venue":"ADIPEC","year":2024,"authors":["M. Z. M. Sahak","M. M. Zain","Azila Alias","Muhammad Yazid Zulkifli","Siti Rohani","Khairul Rostani"],"abstract":"\n With the net zero emission (NZE) commitment by 2050 following COP26 being pledged by country and industrial leaders, the technology focus for CCUS has shifted from high-CO2 gas field development to also include capturing CO2 from other industrial emission sources e.g. flaring and gas turbines. With the expanding scopes, careful consideration especially from process design perspective needs to be taken to ensure the overall CCUS conceptual design is techno-commercially feasible and viable to meet the CCUS end target and NZE aspiration in the long term. Process design intent shall start with the input-output specifications, where main input specifications would be looking at source or CCUS fluid (e.g. gas field/flare stack etc.) which will determine the type of CO2 capture technology required. Target output usage (storage/ utilization) will affect the tail-end process design, since both require different process setup. Other considerations would also be: (1) location (onshore vs offshore) which will affect the facilities network and logistics, (2) contaminants such as SOx and NOx which will determine other treatment requirements and affect the final use of the separated CO2-rich stream (utilization, storage strategy), and (3) material selection for the mixed contaminants stream. Depending on the concentration of CO2 in the source, a series of treatment steps may be required to get the optimum recovery for further utilization and storage. The presence of other contaminants is also discussed, which may affect the overall CCUS processes. Method to either utilize the separated CO2 stream or injection to reservoir for storage is also explored. An integrated approach is required to ensure a successful CCUS process design from start to end. Challenges and lesson-learnt from a conceptual CCUS system are analyzed including technology maturation, presence of other contaminants and final use of CO2-based products/storage. The technical and commercial aspects associated with each technology are also addressed. Key design elements are proposed with aspiration of a successful CCUS implementation in reducing future carbon footprint and realizing NZE aspiration and decarbonization goal, requiring planning for end-to-end solutions.","doi":"10.2118/221884-ms","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e4138c85687765c02da8d819849b73635a84b06b","result_position":70,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":268336016,"title":"CCU technologies as a tool to achieve Scope and ESG goals","venue":"E3S Web of Conferences","year":2024,"authors":["Ch. A Garifullina","D. Klimov"],"abstract":"The work examines current methods for the development and study of environmental, social, and governance aspects (ESG factors) in connection with international and governmental measures for sustainable development. It covers the UN Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement, which incentivize the consideration of ESG factors, as well as the impact of ESG on the industry and investors, particularly in the oil and gas sector. The authors delve into CO2 utilization technologies (CCS, CCUS, CCU) and the challenges of their implementation in various sectors. The role of oil and gas companies in sustainable development through the implementation of CCU technologies is analyzed; methods for capturing, transporting, and utilizing CO2 are discussed, along with technologies for producing chemicals from CO2 and their efficiency. The influence of CCU technologies on Scope 1, 2, 3 emissions, defining greenhouse gas emissions, is also examined. The challenges of transitioning to sustainable development and the importance of implementing CCU projects to enhance the ESG-rating of companies are highlighted. Sound implementation of CCU projects can determine successful industrial development, especially in the oil and gas sector, by reducing carbon dioxide emissions and creating competitive products.","doi":"10.1051/e3sconf/202449801015","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5cfae71480e986ab3dc34f2cb1dae709064ff812","result_position":71,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":269766649,"title":"Advanced Carbon Management: Innovations in Materials and Process Integration for Carbon Capture, Storage, and Utilization (CCSU)","venue":"Journal of Environment","year":2024,"authors":["Amirul Islam"],"abstract":"Purpose: This article systematically explores the complex landscape of Carbon Capture, Storage, and Utilization (CCSU) technologies, emphasizing their critical role in global climate change mitigation. The article aims to provide a strategic framework for stakeholders to understand the integration of CCSU technologies into the broader energy and environmental policy landscape. \nMethodology: Through an integrated approach, this study examines the latest technological advancements in CCSU, studies the global regulatory frameworks influencing these technologies, and analyzes the economic factors that drive or obstruct their adoption. It also involves evaluating the role of international cooperation in standardizing and disseminating best practices for CCSU implementations worldwide. \nFindings: The study highlights the profound impact of legislative and financial mechanisms on the pace and scope of CCSU technology deployment. It discusses the potential of innovative materials and processes to reduce costs and increase the efficacy of carbon capture and storage. Furthermore, the review provides valuable insights into the current state and future prospects of CCSU technologies. \nUnique contribution to theory, policy and practice: The article emphasizes the necessity of robust research and development, supported by a conducive policy environment and strategic economic incentives, to enhance the efficiency, scalability, and commercial viability of CCSU technologies. It concludes with targeted recommendations for policymakers, suggesting ways to refine regulatory approaches and foster market conditions conducive to rapid CCSU adoption.","doi":"10.47941/je.1895","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e97568f227bcec233b93cc76b04659564f7461f3","result_position":72,"is_clicked":false}],"string":"[\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 239504587,\n \"title\": \"Carbon capture and storage at the end of a lost decade\",\n \"venue\": \"One Earth\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Emma Martin-Roberts\",\n \"V. Scott\",\n \"S. Flude\",\n \"G. Johnson\",\n \"R. Haszeldine\",\n \"S. Gilfillan\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"SUMMARY Following the landmark 2015 United Nations Paris Agreement, a growing number of countries are committing to the transition to net-zero emissions. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has been consistently heralded to directly address emissions from the energy and industrial sectors and forms a significant component of plans to reach net-zero. However, despite the critical importance of the technology and substantial research and development to date, CCS deployment has been slow. This review examines deployment efforts over the last decade. We reveal that facility deployment must increase dramatically from current levels, and much work remains to maximize storage of CO 2 in vast subsurface reserves. Using current rates of deployment, CO 2 storage capacity by 2050 is projected to be around 700 million tons per year, just 10% of what is required. Meeting the net-zero targets via CCS ambitions seems unlikely unless worldwide coordinated efforts and rapid changes in policy take place. of current projects are in the upstream sector, predominantly natural gas-processing plants. This clearly shows that deployment in other sectors is urgently required if CCS is to mitigate the effects from the power and industry sectors, as is intended in the various IPCC scenarios. CCS. The initial optimism of the IEA Blue-Map scenario in 2009 (stage 2) was closely followed by a period of disillusionment (between 2009 and 2021) where CCS project and facility deployment was not asforthcomingas predicted. Today,in2021, weare in a period of new orientation (stage 4) where in- vestment and momentum seem to be building toward the deployment of multi-industry hubs and clusters utilizing shared facilities and CO 2 transport networks, and new technology deployment such as hydrogen production, DAC, and BECCS.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.oneear.2021.10.002\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/17a3eb5c5fe7d6d90cde7098b5fceead18ae2d33\",\n \"result_position\": 0,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 230508652,\n \"title\": \"A proposed global layout of carbon capture and storage in line with a 2 °C climate target\",\n \"venue\": \"Nature Climate Change\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yi-Ming Wei\",\n \"Jia-Ning Kang\",\n \"Lan-Cui Liu\",\n \"Qi Li\",\n \"Peng-Tao Wang\",\n \"J. Hou\",\n \"Qiaomei Liang\",\n \"Hua Liao\",\n \"S. Huang\",\n \"Biying Yu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s41558-020-00960-0\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/281b2a276cf3051b36865e911118a48df9c58e79\",\n \"result_position\": 1,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 234006458,\n \"title\": \"Significance of Enhanced Oil Recovery in Carbon Dioxide Emission Reduction\",\n \"venue\": \"Sustainability\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Karolina Novak Mavar\",\n \"Nediljka Gaurina-Međimurec\",\n \"Lidia Hrnčević\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Limiting the increase in CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere, and at the same time, meeting the increased energy demand can be achieved by applying carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technologies, which hold potential as the bridge for energy and emission-intensive industries to decarbonization goals. At the moment, the only profitable industrial large-scale carbon sequestration projects are large-scale carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) projects. This paper gives a general overview of the indirect and direct use of captured CO2 in CCUS with a special focus on worldwide large-scale CO2-EOR projects and their lifecycle emissions. On the basis of scientific papers and technical reports, data from 23 contemporary large-scale CO2-EOR projects in different project stages were aggregated, pointing out all the specificities of the projects. The specificities of individual projects, along with the lack of standardized methodologies specific for estimating the full lifecycle emissions resulting from CO2-EOR projects, pose a challenge and contribute to uncertainties and wide flexibilities when estimating emissions from CO2-EOR projects, making the cross-referencing of CO2-EOR projects and its comparison to other climate-mitigation strategies rather difficult. Pointing out the mentioned project’s differentiations and aggregating data on the basis of an overview of large-scale CO2-EOR projects gives useful information for future work on the topic of a CO2-EOR project’s lifecycle emissions.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/SU13041800\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/07233151c7280bcf927cbf210b001304586866cf\",\n \"result_position\": 2,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 265005910,\n \"title\": \"Advancing “Carbon Peak” and “Carbon Neutrality” in China: A Comprehensive Review of Current Global Research on Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage Technology and Its Implications\",\n \"venue\": \"ACS Omega\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Hu Li\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology plays a pivotal role in China’s “Carbon Peak” and “Carbon Neutrality” goals. This approach offers low-carbon, zero-carbon, and even negative-carbon solutions. This paper employs bibliometric analysis using the Web of Science to comprehensively review global CCUS progress and discuss future development prospects in China. The findings underscore it as a prominent research focus, attracting scholars from both domestic and international arenas. China notably leads the global landscape in terms of research paper output, with the Chinese Academy of Sciences holding a prominent position in total published papers. The research predominantly centers on refining geological storage techniques and optimizing oil and gas recovery rates. Among the CCUS pathways, enhanced oil recovery technology stands out due to its relative maturity and commercial applicability, particularly within the conventional oil and gas reservoirs. The application potential of enhanced gas recovery technology, especially in the Sichuan and Ordos Basins in China, necessitates robust research and demonstration efforts. Within China’s current energy landscape, “Blue Hydrogen” emerges as the primary solution for hydrogen production in conjunction with CCUS technology. The underground coal gasification approach holds significant promise as a hydrogen production avenue, albeit with inherent ecological and environmental challenges tied to geological storage that require meticulous consideration. The establishment of effective risk identification and evaluation methodologies for geological storage is imperative. The trajectory ahead involves a strategic convergence of policy, technology, and market dynamics to enhance China’s CCUS policy framework, legislative framework, standardization initiatives, and pioneering technological advancements. These collective efforts converge to outline an exclusive development pathway in China. This study assumes a pivotal role in accelerating CCUS technology research and deployment, enhancing oil and gas recovery efficiency, and ultimately realizing the overarching goals of a “Dual Carbon” future.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1021/acsomega.3c06422\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8721159b96dfdfea3073539acbf0644908f73399\",\n \"result_position\": 3,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 250430189,\n \"title\": \"Potential matching of carbon capture storage and utilization (CCSU) as enhanced oil recovery in perspective to Indian oil refineries\",\n \"venue\": \"Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Narendra N. Dalei\",\n \"Jignesh M. Joshi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Carbon capture storage and utilization is not a new technology, but its application to reduce CO2 emissions from the refinery sector is just now emerging as promising mitigation. This study will look closely at opportunities to match CO2 sources with potential sinks by matching carbon-capturing projects at Indian oil refineries with Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) operations at nearby oil fields in India. This study has identified four such pairings of source-sink matching along with the challenges the first of the kind implementation of CCSU technology in specific projects. The study concludes with a discussion on the way forward and policy implications for the commercial use of the CCSU in India. CCS Carbon Capture Storage; CCU Carbon Capture Utilization, EOR . Source: Authors’ design.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s10098-022-02359-1\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/60417da55d393a412accf0c4b0f4668b6a2c6d28\",\n \"result_position\": 4,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 264134314,\n \"title\": \"CCUS-EOR Optimization to Achieve Zero Emission Program Targets in Northwest Java Basin\",\n \"venue\": \"Evergreen\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"T. M. Susantoro\",\n \"Sugihardjo\",\n \"K. Wikantika\",\n \"D. Sunarjanto\",\n \"U. Pasarai\",\n \"Bambang Widarsono\",\n \"Arie Rahmadi\",\n \"M. Romli\",\n \"P. Wahyudi\",\n \"Sunting Kepies\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \": The presence of oil and gas production fields, oil refineries, cement plants, and coal-fired power plants situated close to each other supports the program for zero CO 2 emissions through Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR). This study aims to investigate the potential of depleted fields in the North West Java Basin as the target for CCUS-EOR in fulfilling the zero CO 2 emission program and boosting oil production. The study uses oil and gas field data to evaluate the CCUS potential both qualitatively and quantitatively. The Geographic Information System was applied through a clustering method with a 50 km and 100 km buffer from CO 2 emission sources. The calculation of CO 2 for EOR purposes with a 50 km buffer radius is 287.504 million tons, which could result in a 575.009 million stock tank barrel (STB) increase in oil production in the case of immiscible injection and 379.506 million tons for an increase of about 1.150 billion STB of oil production in the case of miscible injection. For a 100 km buffer radius, 632.541 million tons of CO 2 is required to increase 1.265 billion STB of oil production in the case of immiscible injection and 834.955 million tons of CO 2 for an increase of 2.530 billion STB of oil production in the case of miscible injection. These results are expected to be implemented as part of the program to reach the goal of producing 1 million barrels of oil per day by 2030 and achieving net zero emissions by 2060.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5109/7151730\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/84bb184e3d028299430656dfee7c9057994e234d\",\n \"result_position\": 5,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 259142579,\n \"title\": \"Financial Feasibility Study of Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage Project in West Java, Indonesia\",\n \"venue\": \"European Journal of Business and Management Research\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Adanya T. Amelinda\",\n \"Subiakto Soekarno\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Following The Paris Agreement, Indonesia submitted an Enhanced Nationally Determined Contribution with an emission reduction target of 31,89% unconditionally or 43,20% conditionally. Indonesia envisions to reach net zero emission by 2060 or sooner. Contributing approximately a third of the carbon emission nationally, the decarbonization of the energy sector plays a big role in the ENDC pathways. From the oil and gas subsector, one of the programs designated to reduce their greenhouse gas emission are CCS (Carbon Capture and Storage) and CCUS (Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage). In oil and gas upstream industry, CCUS is a combination of technologies that involves sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2) from oil and gas upstream activities, utilize it as an enhanced oil recovery to increase liquid production before storing it permanently underground. However, the development of CCUS is filled with challenges. Other than the technical challenge of CCUS, the project is deemed to be too expensive and unable to generate a positive return for the project owner. Carbon trading is one of the mechanisms intended to provide added revenue for CCUS project. Using the carbon offset and trade mechanism, entities that conduct emission-reducing activities receive credit for the amount of emission reduced. The carbon credits can be sold in the market to other companies that need it. This research aims to determine whether carbon trading could increase the profitability of a CCUS project owned by an oil and gas company located in West Java, Indonesia. The project consists of capturing CO2 generated from natural gas purification, transporting it via pipeline to a nearby depleted oil field where the CO2 is used as an enhanced oil recovery, and storing it permanently underground.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.24018/ejbmr.2023.8.3.1969\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0448589c92fb0482067a6ebc014127b992103f4e\",\n \"result_position\": 6,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 269179892,\n \"title\": \"A review of global carbon capture and storage (CCS) and carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS)\",\n \"venue\": \"E3S Web of Conferences\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Wan Mohd Shaharizuan Mat Latif\",\n \"Norassyikin Mausa Sabdullah\",\n \"Siti Nur Aenun\",\n \"Nur Aisyamirah Bosamah\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"To attain zero carbon emissions while combating climate change, this paper presents an overview status of the global carbon capture and storage (CCS) in four main worldwide regions: North America, Europe, Russia & Central Asia, and Asia Pacific. The main countries for each region are discussed in terms of their respective field, CCS, CCS-enhanced oil recovery (CCS-EOR), carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS), and the concerned issues, e.g., policy, regulation, operational approaches, current progress, problems, and lessons. In the end, this study summarizes the final potential of the global CCS in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG).\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1051/e3sconf/202451601009\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/60f6cd435f4f205f0bc3b2a5ff7b4491b7757d06\",\n \"result_position\": 7,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 277179149,\n \"title\": \"A Review of CO2 Capture Utilization and Storage in China: Development Status, Cost Limits, and Strategic Planning\",\n \"venue\": \"Processes\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Mingqiang Hao\",\n \"Ran Bi\",\n \"Yang Liu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The CCUS industry is developing rapidly worldwide, and its projects are gradually transitioning from single-section initiatives to whole-industry applications. Capture targets have expanded from power plants and natural gas processing to include steel, cement, kerosene, fertilizer, and hydrogen production. This paper analyzes CO2 emissions in eight major industries around oil regions in China, including emission factors, emission scale, and the composition and distribution of emission sources. The cost of CO2 sources and CO2-EOR affordable cost limits under different scenarios are calculated for different oil regions. The main influencing factors of the cost are analyzed, and possible ways to fill the cost gap are proposed. This paper also constructs a CO2-EOR strategic planning framework and a mathematical programming model, formulating short-term, mid-term, and long-term strategic plans for CO2-EOR and storage in 10 oil regions.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/pr13030905\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d76db37ad5ef56a815087f084e0b5c936351104c\",\n \"result_position\": 8,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 260038803,\n \"title\": \"Green Economy Evaluation of EOR Projects in Borneo Field: Case of CO2 Injection vs Chemical Injection\",\n \"venue\": \"European Journal of Business and Management Research\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"I. M. Agusyasa\",\n \"Y. Nainggolan\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"PT Borneo Petroleum Company (BPC) as one of the biggest oil and gas company in Indonesia is planning to perform Enhanced Oil Recovery in Borneo Field. It is considering performing chemical injection (CEOR) or CO2 injection. As CO2 injection requires bigger capital investment than CEOR, it becomes less favorable. However, as the campaign for Net Zero Emissions surges and the planning from the government to implement the carbon tax in Indonesia, the company must revisit the economic evaluation of the projects by introducing carbon tax in the calculation. This research uses capital budgeting techniques in evaluating the projects. It is also used to evaluate the impact of green economy implementation to the project valuation. It needs to show whether the projects are feasible with conventional capital budgeting and with green budgeting. The expected finding is that the economic value of CO2 injection will improve significantly and will make it more attractive than CEOR. This study assumes that the carbon tax applied in Indonesia is at US $ 5.25 per ton CO2-equivalent. The CO2 injected is constant at 8.5 MSm3/d. It is also assumed that BPC is adopting the same capital structure as its parent company. The emissions associated with the project is calculated as the function of production rates. The project’s profitability is based on the Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return, Profitability Index, and Payback Period. Sensitivity analysis is also performed to explore the variables which give significant impact to the project valuation. Monte Carlo simulation is also performed to test all possible scenarios and its impact to the NPV. It is found that the impact of carbon tax is not significant to the economic value, in contrary the potential for additional incentive in terms of Result Based Payment for Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage has significant impact to the economic value of the project. The result is used to make decision on which EOR method to be applied which create more value to the company in terms of economic and sustainability.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.24018/ejbmr.2023.8.4.1998\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bd3aec59afdfd4db17e4e76027112953bdc9583d\",\n \"result_position\": 9,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 220544053,\n \"title\": \"Integrated simulation system of CO2 gas injection application for enhanced oil recovery in the oil field\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Dedy Kristanto\",\n \"Yulius Deddy Hermawan\",\n \"Hariyadi\",\n \"Yusmardhany Yusuf\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"CO2 gas injection is one of the recommended enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods by injecting CO2 through reservoir pores after the residual saturation is reached, since CO2 dissolves easily in oil phase as confirmed by many other researchers in pertaining field studies. An integrated system is urgently required for assessing CO2-EOR study, covering multi-disciplinary aspects as follows: geology, geophysics, reservoir, production, process and economic. Hence, those systems must be reliable in suggesting final decision for feasibility of CO2-EOR operation program, applicable either for pilot scale or for full scale. This paper is proposing an integrated system evaluation, which has the following features: (1) estimate fraction of dissolved CO2, (2) estimate viscosity reduction, (3) estimate future oil productivity index resulted, (4) forecast incremental oil production, (5) estimate surface facilities equipment design, (6) evaluate economical aspects and (7) generate final decision for feasibility of CO2-EOR operation program. Finally, as the main objective of this program, those systems will present a picture of essential reason why we need to promote or reject CO2-EOR plan program, and also some recommendations will be presented in case the CO2-EOR plan does not perform as expected.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s13202-020-00955-9\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d87e2e1cef637f93348346237e3ee24cc3551c73\",\n \"result_position\": 10,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 258922273,\n \"title\": \"Smart materials and technologies for sustainable concrete construction\",\n \"venue\": \"Developments in the Built Environment\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Nilimaa\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This paper presents a comprehensive review of current trends and opportunities for sustainable concrete construction, emphasizing the importance of adopting eco-friendly practices to mitigate the industry ’ s environmental impact. Green concrete, supplementary cementitious materials, permeable concrete, cool concrete, and the use of local materials are explored as sustainable materials and technologies. Innovations like self-healing concrete, 3D-printed concrete, photocatalytic concrete, electrified machineries, and carbon capture, utilization, and storage principles are also discussed, highlighting their potential to improve the sustainability of construction practices. Challenges faced in implementing sustainable concrete construction practices, such as technical, economic, and social barriers, are also addressed. The roles of governments, industry, and academia in promoting sustainable concrete construction are examined, stressing the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and research. Lastly, emerging trends and technologies, including digitalization, data-driven approaches, and circular economy principles, are identified as critical factors in driving the transition towards sustainable concrete construction.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.dibe.2023.100177\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f13b449d1525972f6f7a2955722676d3ddae0e86\",\n \"result_position\": 11,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 244652242,\n \"title\": \"Economic viability of full-chain CCUS-EOR in Indonesia\",\n \"venue\": \"Resources, Conservation and Recycling\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Aldilla Noor Rakhiemah\",\n \"Yuan Xu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.106069\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/38ffae3cc934f7d2784398c1f87d3a5167e93702\",\n \"result_position\": 12,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 245603773,\n \"title\": \"Source Sink Matching for Field Scale CCUS CO2-EOR Application in Indonesia\",\n \"venue\": \"Scientific contributions oil and gas\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Usman Usman\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) referred in this paper is limited to the use of CO2 to the enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR). The CCUS CO2-EOR technology can magnify oil production substantially while a consistent amount of the CO2 injected remains sequestrated in the reservoir, which is beneficial for reducing the greenhouse gas emission. Therefore, this technology is a potentially attractive win-win solution for Indonesia to meet the goal of improved energy supply and security, while also reducing CO2 emissions over the long term. The success of CCUS depends on the proper sources-sinks matching. This paper presents a systematic approach to pairing the CO2 captured from industrial activities with suitable oil fields for CO2-EOR. Inventories of CO2 sources and oil reservoirs were done through survey and data questionnaires. The process of sources-sinks matching was preceded by identifying the CO2 sources within the radius of 100 and 200 km from each oil field and clustering the fields within the same radius from each CO2 source. Each cluster is mapped on the GIS platform included existing and planning right of way for trunk pipelines. Pairing of source-sink are ranked to identify high priority development. Results of this study should be interest to project developers, policymakers, government agencies, academicians, civil society and environmental non-governmental organization in order to enable them to assess the role of CCUS CO2-EOR as a major carbon management strategy.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.29017/scog.44.2.562\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b3d02b0a4bd5a85812360789cad814cca79b8f6f\",\n \"result_position\": 13,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 247027281,\n \"title\": \"Prediction of Minimum Miscibility Pressure for CO2 Flooding Based on Microscopic Pore-Throat Structure\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Energy Research\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Li-li Jiang\",\n \"L. Tian\",\n \"Yutao Zhou\",\n \"Mei Li\",\n \"Can Huang\",\n \"Jiaxin Wang\",\n \"Hengli Wang\",\n \"X. Chai\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"CO2 flooding can effectively enhance the recovery of low-permeability reservoirs and realize CO2 geological storage. During the displacement process, the minimum miscible pressure (MMP) of CO2 and oil is an important parameter that affects the displacement effect and storage efficiency. However, the microscopic pore-throat structure of low-permeability reservoirs has significant influences on the fluids and phase behaviors. This paper presented a method to determine the miscible state of CO2 flooding based on the microscopic pore-throat structure. Firstly, a physic model was established to quantitatively characterize the microscopic pore-throat structure. Secondly, taking into consideration the P-R equation of state, the gas-liquid equilibrium in the narrow pore-throat was calculated. On this basis, a MMP prediction model was established correspongdingly by considering the multi-stage contact and mass transfer of CO2-oil. Finally, the results obtained by the proposed model were compared with the experimental results of CO2 flooding, and then the model was applied to the actual reservoir to predict plane distribution of MMP. The curves of MMP distribution and pressure drawdown between wells were combined to determine the position of miscible front and non-miscible area at different production stages. The results have shown that the MMP of core sample calculated by the model was 20.3 MPa, which was comparable to that of CO2 flooding experiment, e.g., 20 MPa, and thus indicatesd a high accuracy of the model. The MMP in the well control area of the Y29-101 well group was 19.8 MPa. During the unsteady flow stage, the miscible-phase front was 430 m from the injection well, while it was 310 m from the injection well during the stable flow stage. This method can accurately determine the specific phase distribution of CO2-oil in the formation, which is of great significance to promote the development of CO2 flooding and storage technology, improve the recovery of low permeability reservoirs, ensure energy supply and reduce carbon emission.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fenrg.2022.834951\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/55cfdce975d38bb18f4a6f9cee5a23f01e0eb13b\",\n \"result_position\": 14,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 256132081,\n \"title\": \"A Review of Recent Progress of Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) in China\",\n \"venue\": \"Applied Sciences\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jia Yao\",\n \"Hongdou Han\",\n \"Yang Yang\",\n \"Yiming Song\",\n \"Guiheng Li\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The continuous temperature rise has raised global concerns about CO2 emissions. As the country with the largest CO2 emissions, China is facing the challenge of achieving large CO2 emission reductions (or even net-zero CO2 emissions) in a short period. With the strong support and encouragement of the Chinese government, technological breakthroughs and practical applications of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) are being aggressively pursued, and some outstanding accomplishments have been realized. Based on the numerous information from a wide variety of sources including publications and news reports only available in Chinese, this paper highlights the latest CCUS progress in China after 2019 by providing an overview of known technologies and typical projects, aiming to provide theoretical and practical guidance for achieving net-zero CO2 emissions in the future.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/app13021169\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4c419bf5f62c975ed9ac74ba814edd5f67e1a310\",\n \"result_position\": 15,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 254072224,\n \"title\": \"Carbon capture and storage (CCS): development path based on carbon neutrality and economic policy\",\n \"venue\": \"Carbon Neutrality\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Min-Yuan Shen\",\n \"Fulin Kong\",\n \"Lige Tong\",\n \"Yang Luo\",\n \"Shaowu Yin\",\n \"Chuanping Liu\",\n \"Peikun Zhang\",\n \"Li Wang\",\n \"Paul K. Chu\",\n \"Yulong Ding\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In order to limit global warming to 2 °C, countries have adopted carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emission. However, it is currently facing challenges such as controversial investment costs, unclear policies, and reduction of new energy power generation costs. In particular, some CCS projects are at a standstill. To promote the development of CCS projects in different countries, this paper reviews and compares energy conservation and emission reduction policies and different national goals. From a policy perspective, CCS-driven policies are analyzed. Based on this, corresponding policy recommendations are put forward, in order to promote the healthy development of global CCS technology and deal with climate issues more effectively. With less than 10 years away from the short-term goal, promoting the development and application of CCS projects requires scientific research from universities, enterprises and governments in order to attain zero or negative CO2 emission. On the basis of focusing on the development of CCS technology, according to the actual situation of each country, the appropriate application of CCS engineering should focus on the development of science and technology, rather than a unified requirement around the world.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s43979-022-00039-z\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5e9a3b2439b199682906e8db5e97281922f81dc3\",\n \"result_position\": 16,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 237706007,\n \"title\": \"The integration of hydrogenation and carbon capture utilisation and storage technology: A potential low‐carbon approach to chemical synthesis in China\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Energy Research\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Lingyun Zhang\",\n \"Nannan Sun\",\n \"Minquan Wang\",\n \"Tao Wu\",\n \"Wei Wei\",\n \"C. Pang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The development of carbon emission reduction technologies and clean energy utilisation are two critical drivers for reducing and controlling greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from human activities. Carbon capture, utilisation, and storage (CCUS) is an established and crucial emission reduction technology capable of achieving near‐zero‐emission from fossil fuels. Hydrogen, a zero‐carbon fuel, provides energy security while improving air quality. However, hydrogen is commonly derived from fossil fuels with significant associated CO2 emission. Hence, this study investigates the feasibility of integrating CCUS in the hydrogen industry, particularly from technical, sustainability, and policy perspectives. This study also critically reviews existing CCUS and hydrogen production technologies and discusses the prospects and challenges of each. Studies show that CO2 enhanced oil recovery (CO2‐EOR) and CO2 enhanced coal‐bed methane recovery (CO2‐ECBM) are promising CCUS technologies in China, while producing clean hydrogen from fossil fuels with CCUS and water electrolysis are ideal development route. Specifically, this study proposes the coupling technical route of CCUS + SMR (steam methane reforming) and CCUS + CTH (coal‐to‐hydrogen) to accelerate carbon emission reduction by 2050 considering their promising carbon reduction potential and the ratio of hydrogen with CCUS. Besides, CO2 hydrogenation integrated chemical production is becoming increasingly popular to achieve carbon emission reduction and low‐carbon economy. However, the relatively high costs and lack of hydrogen transportation infrastructure is currently the major bottleneck restricting the development of CCUS and hydrogen industry. Therefore, government subsidies, standardised operation of the carbon market, and technological innovation are useful strategies to address this issue.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1002/er.7076\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/66f778e6a0e958f555bd33846fe983c84fe8b78a\",\n \"result_position\": 17,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 55058626,\n \"title\": \"Worldwide Status of CCUS Technologies and Their Development and Challenges in China\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Hejuan Liu\",\n \"P. Were\",\n \"Qi Li\",\n \"Y. Gou\",\n \"Z. Hou\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is a gas injection technology that enables the storage of CO2 underground. The aims are twofold, on one hand to reduce the emissions of CO2 into the atmosphere and on the other hand to increase oil/gas/heat recovery. Different types of CCUS technologies and related engineering projects have a long history of research and operation in the USA. However, in China they have a short development period ca. 10 years. Unlike CO2 capture and CO2-EOR technologies that are already operating on a commercial scale in China, research into other CCUS technologies is still in its infancy or at the pilot-scale. This paper first reviews the status and development of the different types of CCUS technologies and related engineering projects worldwide. Then it focuses on their developments in China in the last decade. The main research projects, international cooperation, and pilot-scale engineering projects in China are summarized and compared. Finally, the paper examines the challenges and prospects to be experienced through the industrialization of CCUS engineering projects in China. It can be concluded that the CCUS technologies have still large potential in China. It can only be unlocked by overcoming the technical and social challenges.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1155/2017/6126505\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f6d313d18b6105bcd687a4123e7cbc363aed2e99\",\n \"result_position\": 18,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 225585004,\n \"title\": \"Research of present status and development suggestions regarding the carbon capture, utilization and storage\",\n \"venue\": \"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environment\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jianfang Zong\",\n \"Liang Sun\",\n \"W. Bao\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The carbon capture, utilization and storage (hereinafter referred to as “CCUS”) technology has already been widely regarded as an available method of great potential for carbon dioxide emission reduction. As predicted, the emission reduction contribution will rise from 3% of the total emission reduction amount in 2020 to 10% in 2030, and to about 20% in 2050, which becomes the individual technology of the greatest contribution to the carbon dioxide emission reduction. This paper illustrates the main links of CCUS technology: the carbon capture process, carbon transport, carbon utilization and carbon storage. This paper introduces the storage methods of carbon dioxide, the geological storage and marine storage. In addition, this paper also analyzes the main storage practices both at home and abroad, the major overseas storage projects and the present status and progress of China’s storage. In addition, this paper also discusses the main challenges encountered by China’s CCUS development, and proposes the ideas and policy suggestions that promote China’s CCUS development.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1088/1755-1315/510/4/042001\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/540acf25c8666232c45b5c2a797b179d2abddecb\",\n \"result_position\": 19,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 272994808,\n \"title\": \"Comprehensive evaluation of CCUS technology: A case study of China's first million-tonne CCUS-EOR project\",\n \"venue\": \"Environmental impact assessment review\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ling Miao\",\n \"Lianyong Feng\",\n \"Yue Ma\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.eiar.2024.107684\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/eca7471b44aa4a4c191452fe4e4085425405bc43\",\n \"result_position\": 20,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 267282496,\n \"title\": \"Evaluation of Efficient CCUS System Design from Chemical Industry Emission in Indonesia\",\n \"venue\": \"E3S Web of Conferences\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Vibianti Dwi Pratiwi\",\n \"Renanto Renanto\",\n \"Juwari Juwari\",\n \"Rendra Panca Anugraha\",\n \"R. Arifin\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from industry significantly contribute to increasing CO2 in the atmosphere as the main cause of the Green House Gas (GHG) effect and climate change. CO2 emissions cause the need for evaluation in finding emission reduction systems. The CCUS (Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage) system is one of the most studied emission reduction systems. This study aims to obtain an intuitive and quantitative CCUS network design framework using GAMS (General Algebraic Modeling System) software with a mathematical approach. Several sources of CO2 emissions and potential absorbers are scattered in several regions in Indonesia. A mathematical approach was developed to optimize the amount of CO2 stored and utilized by varying the minimum time difference (dt min) between source and sink from 0, 3, 5, 8, to 10 years. The economic potential of the source-sink pair decreases with the change in dt with an average of 6.50 x 106 USD. Based on the potential economic value, the CCUS system with industrial CO2 emission sources has a positive value that can be applied in Indonesia.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1051/e3sconf/202448102001\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7f1fbcc9e051966bebd229acbd45c2b46a134fff\",\n \"result_position\": 21,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 271385784,\n \"title\": \"Carbon Capture and Utilization Projects Run by Oil and Gas Companies: A Case Study from Russia\",\n \"venue\": \"Sustainability\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Cherepovitsyna\",\n \"E. Kuznetsova\",\n \"A. Popov\",\n \"D. Skobelev\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"As oil and gas companies are one of the major greenhouse gas emitters, they face increasing responsibility to address climate challenges. This highlights the necessity of integrating decarbonization options into their operations to meet global climate objectives. While progress in technologies for capturing, utilizing, and storing CO2 (CCUS technologies) is often attributed to oil and gas companies, CCUS projects in the sector predominantly focus on carbon storage, namely CO2 injection for enhanced oil recovery, which presents limited possibilities. Meanwhile, carbon capture and utilization (CCU) technologies offer a promising avenue for producing valuable products from CO2, a potential that has been underexplored in theory and practice within the oil and gas sector. This study analyzes the development of the full CCU cycle by oil and gas companies, assessing the economic viability of such projects. It includes a content analysis of research materials on CCU deployment and a case study modeling the economic viability of producing methanol from CO2 in Russia. The findings indicate that the estimated minimum price for CO2-based methanol to achieve project payback is USD 1128 per ton, compared to approximately USD 400 per ton for traditional methanol. This price gap underscores the need to foster the development of low-carbon technologies, markets, and measures to support these projects. In the domain of CCU projects, cost-reduction measures could be more applicable, while regulatory measures, such as carbon taxes, currently have a limited impact on the economic viability of these projects.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/su16146221\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1e8a0a629e13a656284581a9108e07492e328410\",\n \"result_position\": 22,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 143427598,\n \"title\": \"Carbon Capture and Storage Development Trends from a Techno-Paradigm Perspective\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2014,\n \"authors\": [\n \"B. Zheng\",\n \"Jiuping Xu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The world’s energy needs have been continually growing over the past decade, yet fossil fuels are limited. Renewable energies are becoming more prevalent, but are still a long way from being commonplace worldwide. Literature mining is applied to review carbon capture and storage (CCS) development trends and to develop and examine a novel carbon capture and storage technological paradigm (CCSTP), which incorporates CCSTP competition, diffusion and shift. This paper first provides an overview of the research and progress in CCS technological development, then applies a techno-paradigm theory to analyze CCSTP development and to provide a guide for future CCS technological trends. CCS could avoid CO 2 being released into the atmosphere. Moreover, bioenergy with CCS (BECCS) can make a significant contribution to a net removal of anthropogenic CO 2 emissions. In this study, we compare the different CCSTP developmental paths and the conventional techno-paradigm by examining the S-curves. The analyses in this paper provide a useful guide for scholars seeking new inspiration in their research and for potential investors who are seeking to invest research funds in more mature technologies. We conclude that political barriers and public acceptance are the major distinctions between the CCSTP and the conventional techno-paradigm. It is expected that policy instruments and economic instruments are going to play a pivotal role in the accomplishment of global carbon reduction scenarios.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/EN7085221\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8a77cf3550993842b497f59657433f2def7ed855\",\n \"result_position\": 23,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 233594590,\n \"title\": \"A review of large-scale CO2 shipping and marine emissions management for carbon capture, utilisation and storage\",\n \"venue\": \"Applied Energy\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Hisham Al Baroudi\",\n \"Adeola Awoyomi\",\n \"K. Patchigolla\",\n \"Kranthi Jonnalagadda\",\n \"E. Anthony\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage (CCUS) can reduce greenhouse gas emissions for a range of technologies which capture CO2 from a variety of sources and transport it to permanent storage locations such as depleted oil fields or saline aquifers or supply it for use. CO2 transport is the intermediate step in the CCUS chain and can use pipeline systems or sea carriers depending on the geographical location and the size of the emitter. In this paper, CO2 shipping is critically reviewed in order to explore its techno-economic feasibility in comparison to other transportation options. This review provides an overview of CO2 shipping for CCUS and scrutinises its potential role for global CO2 transport. It also provides insights into the technological advances in marine carrier CO2 transportation for CCUS, including preparation for shipping, and in addition investigates existing experience and discusses relevant transport properties and optimum conditions. Thus far, liquefied CO2 transportation by ship has been mainly used in the food and brewery industries for capacities varying between 800 m3 and 1000 m3. However, CCUS requires much greater capacities and only limited work is available on the large-scale transportation needs for the marine environment. Despite most literature suggesting conditions near the triple-point, in-depth analysis shows optimal transport conditions to be case sensitive and related to project variables. Ship-based transport of CO2 is a better option to decarbonise dislocated emitters over long distances and for relatively smaller quantities in comparison to offshore pipeline, as pipelines require a continuous flow of compressed gas and have a high cost-dependency on distance. Finally, this work explores the potential environmental footprint of marine chains, with particular reference to the energy implications and emissions from ships and their management. A careful scrutiny of potential future developments highlights the fact, that despite some existing challenges, implementation of CO2 shipping is crucial to support CCUS both in the UK and worldwide.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/J.APENERGY.2021.116510\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f4f0a0830df7c48878588a910e9fb8ed48ab5263\",\n \"result_position\": 24,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 225023967,\n \"title\": \"Advances in carbon capture, utilization and storage\",\n \"venue\": \"Applied Energy\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Zhien Zhang\",\n \"Tao Wang\",\n \"M. Blunt\",\n \"E. Anthony\",\n \"A. Park\",\n \"R. Hughes\",\n \"P. Webley\",\n \"Jinyue Yan\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) is one of the essential components for mitigating CO2 emissions. This special issue of Applied Energy includes research and review articles on CCUS technologies and applications. Recent developments in CO2 capture technologies with emphasis on post-combustion processes are highlighted. CO2 utilization in fuel production and other chemical processes, and CO2 storage are also presented, along with detailed discussion of life cycle assessments and techno-economic analyses to evaluate the various CCUS processes.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115627\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/507d14b47be91a28768c5359149d7b335ddaa38a\",\n \"result_position\": 25,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 213451322,\n \"title\": \"A Review of CO2 Storage in View of Safety and Cost-Effectiveness\",\n \"venue\": \"Energies\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Chenguang Cao\",\n \"Hejuan Liu\",\n \"Z. Hou\",\n \"F. Mehmood\",\n \"Jianxing Liao\",\n \"Wentao Feng\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The emissions of greenhouse gases, especially CO2, have been identified as the main contributor for global warming and climate change. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is considered to be the most promising strategy to mitigate the anthropogenic CO2 emissions. This review aims to provide the latest developments of CO2 storage from the perspective of improving safety and economics. The mechanisms and strategies of CO2 storage, focusing on their characteristics and current status, are discussed firstly. In the second section, the strategies for assessing and ensuring the security of CO2 storage operations, including the risks assessment approach and monitoring technology associated with CO2 storage, are outlined. In addition, the engineering methods to accelerate CO2 dissolution and mineral carbonation for fixing the mobile CO2 are also compared within the second section. The third part focuses on the strategies for improving economics of CO2 storage operations, namely enhanced industrial production with CO2 storage to generate additional profit, and co-injection of CO2 with impurities to reduce the cost. Moreover, the role of multiple CCS technologies and their distribution on the mitigation of CO2 emissions in the future are summarized. This review demonstrates that CO2 storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs could play an important role in reducing CO2 emission in the near future and CO2 storage in saline aquifers may make the biggest contribution due to its huge storage capacity. Comparing the various available strategies, CO2-enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) operations are supposed to play the most important role for CO2 mitigation in the next few years, followed by CO2-enhanced gas recovery (CO2-EGR). The direct mineralization of flue gas by coal fly ash and the pH swing mineralization would be the most promising technology for the mineral sequestration of CO2. Furthermore, by accelerating the deployment of CCS projects on large scale, the government can also play its role in reducing the CO2 emissions.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/en13030600\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6f3b48243a658df57d486b0cd247411c9f471c88\",\n \"result_position\": 26,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 248845239,\n \"title\": \"Several key issues for CCUS development in China targeting carbon neutrality\",\n \"venue\": \"Carbon Neutrality\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Zhang Jiutian\",\n \"Wang Zhiyong\",\n \"Kang Jia-Ning\",\n \"Song Xiangjing\",\n \"Xu Dong\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS), as a technology with large-scale emission reduction potential, has been widely developed all over the world. In China, CCUS development achieved fruitful outcomes. CCUS gained further broad attention from the announcement of the carbon neutrality target by 2060, as CCUS is an indispensable important technology to realize carbon neutrality. It helps not only to build zero-emission and more resilient energy and industry systems but also provides negative emission potential. This paper discusses the new demand for carbon capture, utilization, and storage development brought by the carbon neutrality target analyzes the development status. As there remain various challenges of CCUS development, this paper focuses on several key issues for CCUS development in China targeting carbon neutrality: 1) how to reposition the role of CCUS under the carbon neutral target? 2) how shall we understand the technology development status and the costs? 3) what role shall utilization and storage play in future? 4) potential strategy applied to solve challenges of source-sink mismatch and resources constraints; and 5) new business model that suits large scale deployment of CCUS. This paper puts forward several policy suggestions that should be focused on now in China, especially to raise awareness under the vision of carbon neutrality that the role and contribution of CCUS are different, to accelerate the establishment of a comprehensive and systematic enabling environment for CCUS.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s43979-022-00019-3\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8c9ede60045e88aee22299daccbe3c542dade3fe\",\n \"result_position\": 27,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 249878668,\n \"title\": \"Progress and prospects of carbon dioxide capture, EOR-utilization and storage industrialization\",\n \"venue\": \"Petroleum Exploration and Development\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Shiyi Yuan\",\n \"D. Ma\",\n \"Junshi Li\",\n \"Tiyao Zhou\",\n \"Z. Ji\",\n \"Haishui Han\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This paper sorts out the main course of CCUS-EOR development abroad and the important enlightenments of its industrialization progress to China. Based on the progress of CCUS-EOR technology research and field tests in China, the development status, problems and challenges of the entire industry chain of CO2 capture, transportation, oil flooding, and storage are analyzed. The results show the huge potential of the large-scale application of CCUS-EOR in China in terms of carbon emission reduction and oil production increase. At present, CCUS-EOR in China is in a critical stage of development, from field pilot tests to industrialization. Aiming at the feature of continental sedimentary oil and gas reservoirs in China, giving full play to the advantages of the abundant reserves for CO2 flooding, huge underground storage space, surface infrastructure, and wellbore injection channels, by cooperating with carbon emission enterprises, critical technology research and demonstration project construction should be accelerated, including the capture of low-concentration CO2 at low-cost and on large-scale, supercritical CO2 long-distance transportation, greater enhancing oil recovery, and CO2 large-scale and safe storage. CCUS-EOR theoretical and technical standard system should be constructed for the whole industrial chain to support and promote the industrial scale application, leading the rapid and profitable development of CCUS-EOR emerging industrial chain with innovation.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/s1876-3804(22)60324-0\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/357c2b88cbb63862de32d328f7ebe138b4118beb\",\n \"result_position\": 28,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 231931290,\n \"title\": \"Enhanced oil recovery with carbon dioxide geosequestration: first steps at Pre-salt in Brazil\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"José Maria Alves Godoi\",\n \"Patrícia Helena Lara dos Santos Matai\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This paper revisits the intense using of energy in the world and the role of the fossil fuels with predominance of the oil in the global primary energy supply and their effects to climate change. It also presents a new reading on the thermodynamic conditions and characteristics of CO2 and CO2-EOR together with oil industry advancement in the world and Brazil. The interface with chemical EOR processes involving nanoparticles (NPs), their application inside the reservoirs for EOR and understanding of fines migration reducing, among other physical phenomena is also studied. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a worldwide strategy for mitigating climate change. CO2 geosequestration is also analyzed on the leakage of CO2 and brine from aquifers and their implication to the security of the storage and environment. Recent studies show that, globally, CO2-EOR can extract up to 375 billion of additional oil barrels and geological storage up to 360 Gt of CO2 in the next 50 years. Pre-salt is a complex of microbial carbonate reservoirs with stromatolite framework in ultra-deep waters (1500–3000) m depth, underneath by thick salt layer (2000–2500) m. Its reservoirs are in the depth up to (5500–6500) m TVDSS and approximately (200–300) km offshore. It presents light oils and high (GOR) ranging (200–400) Sm3/Sm3 and huge CO2 contamination (8–15)%. Due to the large CO2 content of oil, this work investigated CO2-EOR and CO2 geosequestration within the reservoirs. Pilot test demonstrated that miscible CO2-EOR with WAG is feasible and beneficial to this hydrocarbon Province. This study also calculated and validated the potential of CO2-EOR to the CCS. It concludes that Pre-salt can contribute to recovery factor (RF) increasing about 5.7 billion of additional oil barrels, and to CCS with about 266 Mt CO2 to be geological stored, for the next 20 years. In this context, this work also analyses the recent changes on the Brazilian oil and gas regulation to encourage new international Companies to enter in Brazil and Pre-salt for petroleum exploring. In Pre-salt, CO2-EOR also connects the petroleum energy system to CCS, transforming the oil reservoir in a carbon sink. These results represent a substantial role of Pre-salt to the energy efficiency of energy resources recovering from the biosphere and a high contribution to the climate change mitigation.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s13202-021-01102-8\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/790112b3c7e4ccf09824f8ac5d00d573fcd63faf\",\n \"result_position\": 29,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 250132809,\n \"title\": \"Investment decision on carbon capture and utilization (CCU) technologies—A real option model based on technology learning effect\",\n \"venue\": \"Applied Energy\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jiang Liu\",\n \"Qi Zhang\",\n \"Hailong Li\",\n \"Siyuan Chen\",\n \"Fei Teng\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119514\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0da8a4ad57bcfeb90c106924c8607bea926b0961\",\n \"result_position\": 30,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 269372211,\n \"title\": \"The Pathway Towards Supporting the Implementation of the New Indonesian Law on Carbon Capture and Storage in Indonesian Universities\",\n \"venue\": \"E3S Web of Conferences\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yogi Andrian Sidiyanto\",\n \"J. H. Windiatmaja\",\n \"Riri Fitri Sari\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology emerges as a promising solution to combat CO2 emissions from industrial processes and power generation, playing a vital role in the global efforts to mitigate climate change. However, despite its potential benefits, the widespread adoption of CCS faces challenges across technical, economic, and regulatory domains. In Indonesia, a nation heavily dependent on fossil fuels, CCS presents a significant opportunity to reduce emissions while sustaining economic growth. Therefore, this paper explores Indonesia’s strategic approach to CCS initiatives, examining the regulatory framework and the current landscape of CCS projects within the country. The study discusses the contributions of Indonesian universities towards advancing CCS technology through collaborative research, partnerships, and innovative initiatives. By assessing the role of universities in addressing environmental challenges and fostering a greener future, this paper highlights the pivotal importance of universities in driving sustainable solutions for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and achieving climate objectives. The finding concludes that Indonesian universities significantly contribute to the development and implementation of CCS through collaborative efforts and partnerships, facilitating a path towards sustainability.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1051/e3sconf/202451301009\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/207d4baf0321984d74e0fc5bb498067c4152376c\",\n \"result_position\": 31,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 203061076,\n \"title\": \"Potential of CO2-EOR for Near-Term Decarbonization\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Climate\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"V. Núñez-López\",\n \"E. Moskal\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This paper provides an overview of carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) and its ability to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (even to the point of negative emissions), the role it needs to play in the challenge of decarbonization, and the need to scale up implementation and deployment in order to meet climate goals. Limitations in current legal and regulatory frameworks for CO2 injection are explored for both economic and environmental purposes, as well as the economic implications of combining CO2-EOR with geologic carbon storage. Results from a recent study, which demonstrate that all CO2-EOR operations produce negative emissions oil during the first several years of production, are analyzed in the context of the urgency of climate change mitigation. Acknowledging that fossil fuels currently provide the energy foundation upon which global societies function, and that a sudden shift in the composition of that foundation can potentially destabilize the global economy and key elements of modern society, we bring CO2-EOR to the fore as it can supply reduced carbon oil to support the current energy foundation as it steadily transitions toward decarbonization. In order to meet this urgent transition, greater fiscal and regulatory incentives are needed to begin scaling CO2-EOR with storage around the globe. A viable and large-scale CO2-EOR/storage industry depends upon significant capital investments for CO2 capture and transportation infrastructure. Policy consistency and predictability, combined with targeted subsidies, will help to achieve this goal.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fclim.2019.00005\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3ed31d5bbab7f43a2bf38ceffbbd08817c2af930\",\n \"result_position\": 32,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 257005225,\n \"title\": \"Evaluation of CO2 enhanced oil recovery and CO2 storage potential in oil reservoirs of petroliferous sedimentary basin, China\",\n \"venue\": \"Science and Technology for Energy Transition\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Pengtao Wang\",\n \"X. Wu\",\n \"Gangke Ge\",\n \"Xiaoyan Wang\",\n \"Mao Xu\",\n \"Feiyin Wang\",\n \"Yang Zhang\",\n \"Haifeng Wang\",\n \"Yan Zheng\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) technology has emerged as the bottom-line technology for achieving carbon neutrality goals in China. The development of Carbon Dioxide Enhanced Oil Recovery (CO2-EOR) not only increases revenue for high-investment CCUS projects but also enables permanent CO2 storage in the oil reservoir. However, the basin is used as the research object to evaluate the CO2 storage potential of the oil reservoir. The evaluation results are inaccurate and unable to support the implementation of later CCUS projects. Here, more accurate oil reservoir data is employed as the evaluation object. It is the first time at the national level to screen oil reservoirs to distinguish between CO2 miscible and immiscible, and evaluate the potential of CO2-EOR and CO2 storage in the reservoir. The research results show a total of 2570 suitable oil reservoirs in 4386 candidate oil reservoirs nationwide. About 1.26 billion tons of additional crude oil can be produced by CO2-EOR technology. This includes approximately 580 million tons of additional oil from CO2 miscible flooding and 680 million tons from CO2 immiscible flooding. The study further refines the CO2 geological utilization data and provides a theoretical basis for CCUS project site selection in China.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.2516/stet/2022022\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2572e11c4dcbf1c81bf30ee941ab843a7ca982d5\",\n \"result_position\": 33,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 249450160,\n \"title\": \"Economic analysis of CCUS: Accelerated development for CO2 EOR and storage in residual oil zones under the context of 45Q tax credit\",\n \"venue\": \"Applied Energy\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Bo Ren\",\n \"Frank Male\",\n \"I. Duncan\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Residual oil zones (ROZ) undergoing CO 2 -EOR may benefit from specific strategies to maximize their value. We evaluated several strategies for producing from a Permian Basin, West Texas, USA field’s ROZ. This ROZ lies below the main pay zone (MPZ) of the field. Such brownfield ROZs occur in the Permian Basin and elsewhere. Since brownfield ROZs are hydraulically connected to the MPZs, development sequences and schemes influence oil production, CO 2 storage, and net present value (NPV). We conducted economic assessments of various CO 2 injection/production schemes in the stacked ROZ-MPZ reservoir based on flow simulations of a high-resolution geocellular model built from wireline logs and core data and calibrated through production history matching. Flow simulations of water alternating gas (WAG) injection, such as switching injection from the MPZ to the ROZ, commingled production was studied. The simulation results showed that simultaneous CO 2 injection into the MPZ and ROZ lead to the highest oil production and, generally, the highest NPV. If instead, CO 2 was simultaneously injected into the MPZ and ROZ, then into the ROZ alone, this maximized CO 2 storage. CO 2 storage can be used as a tax credit under the Internal Revenue Code Section 45Q. Storage performance depended on the development approach and WAG ratio. Developing the ROZ increased storage compared to remaining in the MPZ. The WAG ratio to maximize oil production did not always yield the largest NPV. These findings can be applied to other Brownfield ROZs, which are common below San Andres reservoirs in the Permian Basin and other basins. ROZ development can increase oilfields’ NPV and carbon storage potential. Our study is an analog for similar reservoirs. This work provides valuable insights into the further optimization of brownfield ROZ development and information for operators to plan to develop stacked ROZ-MPZ reservoirs.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119393\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/95c118fd6892790f8ea9d0008c46285a58e0ef47\",\n \"result_position\": 34,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 69739032,\n \"title\": \"Holistic Assessment of Carbon Capture and Utilization Value Chains\",\n \"venue\": \"Environments\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Tryfonas Pieri\",\n \"A. Nikitas\",\n \"Arturo Castillo-Castillo\",\n \"A. Angelis-Dimakis\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Carbon capture and utilization (CCU) is recognized by the European Union, along with carbon, capture and storage (CCS), as one of the main tools towards global warming mitigation. It has, thus, been extensively studied by various researchers around the world. The majority of the papers published so far focus on the individual stages of a CCU value chain (carbon capture, separation, purification, transportation, and transformation/utilization). However, a holistic approach, taking into account the matching and the interaction between these stages, is also necessary in order to optimize and develop technically and economically feasible CCU value chains. The objective of this contribution is to present the most important studies that are related to the individual stages of CCU and to perform a critical review of the major existing methods, algorithms and tools that focus on the simulation or optimization of CCU value chains. The key research gaps will be identified and examined in order to lay the foundation for the development of a methodology towards the holistic assessment of CCU value chains.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/ENVIRONMENTS5100108\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/56bf4091185ee0243087856055758d6118984816\",\n \"result_position\": 35,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 261597860,\n \"title\": \"Solar Enhanced Oil Recovery as the Solution to Enhance Oil and Gas Production for Mature Fields in Indonesia\",\n \"venue\": \"Indonesian Journal of Energy\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. P. Joestiawan\",\n \"Shafa Salsabila\",\n \"M. Maharani\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Indonesia has a target of reducing 29% of GHG emissions by 2030 (NDC, 2022), reaching net-zero emissions in 2060 (LTS-LCCR, 2021), and obtaining 1 million BOPD oil production and 12 BSCFD gas production in 2030. Oil and gas companies have particular challenges to achieve the target in line with paying attention to national energy security despite the oil reserve and production declining since 1995 because of the maturity of the fields. In such a case, the enormous amount of remaining oil in place left by the primary and secondary production stages has led to the EOR method as the best way to improve oil production. In Indonesia's mature fields with specific reservoir conditions, steamflooding is currently a highly effective EOR method to increase oil production by 20–300% and reduce viscosity by up to 98%. However, the production of steam in huge quantities conventionally would require vast amounts of fossil fuel resources. Hence, replacing fossil fuel-derived steam with solar-derived steam would solve the twin problems of energy scarcity and greenhouse gas emissions. Solar EOR is a viable alternative to gas-fired steam production for the oil industry by using the sun's energy to generate steam. For designing the long-term Solar EOR, Ayman Solar Concentrator (ASC) technology on low-cost solar thermal energy storage will generate high-temperature steam for 24 hours all day by enabling the system to achieve higher temperatures with less mirror surface. The evaluation of annual energy output from the solar project's design could save more than 8,672,400 MMBTU/year of natural gas and cut the environmental footprint up to 1200 metric tonnes per day of net CO2 so that natural gas can be sold and allocated to various sectors. Furthermore, the economic analysis shows that solar EOR has the lowest operational. This technology's novelty is its low cost and ability to generate steam to supply it upon demand in Indonesia's ongoing steamflood project.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.33116/ije.v6i2.163\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4e77df10746a20edc40436ddbb462987e4e9637f\",\n \"result_position\": 36,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 249836779,\n \"title\": \"CCS and CCUS Technologies: Giving the Oil and Gas Industry a Green Future\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Energy Research\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Qiao Deng\",\n \"Xingjie Ling\",\n \"Kui Zhang\",\n \"Leichuan Tan\",\n \"G. Qi\",\n \"Jian Zhang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Cooperative Innovation Center of Unconventional Oil and Gas, Yangtze University (Ministry of Education and Hubei Province), Wuhan, China, Hubei Key Laboratory of Drilling and Production Engineering for Oil and Gas, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China, School of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China, CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited, Beijing, China, Chuanxi Drilling Company CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Co. Ltd, Chengdu, China\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fenrg.2022.919330\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d4b3fd4864d2e855230bd3753700820e5b6749cf\",\n \"result_position\": 37,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 236291589,\n \"title\": \"Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage as a Defense Tool Against Climate Change: Current Developments in West Macedonia (Greece)\",\n \"venue\": \"Energies\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"N. Koukouzas\",\n \"Pavlos Tyrologou\",\n \"D. Karapanos\",\n \"J. Carneiro\",\n \"P. Pereira\",\n \"Fernanda de Mesquita Lobo Veloso\",\n \"P. Koutsovitis\",\n \"C. Karkalis\",\n \"Eleonora Manoukian\",\n \"Rania Karametou\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In West Macedonia (Greece), CO2 accounts as one of the largest contributors of greenhouse gas emissions related to the activity of the regional coal power plants located in Ptolemaida. The necessity to mitigate CO2 emissions to prevent climate change under the Paris Agreement's framework remains an ongoing and demanding challenge. It requires implementing crucial environmentally sustainable technologies to provide balanced solutions between the short-term needs for dependency on fossil fuels and the requirements to move towards the energy transition era. The challenge to utilise and store CO2 emissions will require actions aiming to contribute to a Europe-wide CCUS infrastructure. The Horizon 2020 European Project \\\"STRATEGY CCUS \\\"examines the potential for CO2 storage in the Mesohellenic Trough from past available data deploying the USDOE methodology. Research results show that CO2 storage capacities for the Pentalofos and Eptachori geological formations of the Mesohellenic Trough are estimated at 1.02 and 0.13 Gt, respectively, thus providing the potential for the implementation of a promising method for reducing CO2 emissions in Greece. A certain storage potential also applies to the Grevena sub-basin, offering the opportunity to store any captured CO2 in the area, including other remote regions.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/EN14113321\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1234ad79dfa9670ca77c9ede52b952d6c6caa3b1\",\n \"result_position\": 38,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 269877541,\n \"title\": \"Review of technologies for capturing carbon dioxide from industrial emissions as part of reducing the carbon footprint of plants and useful applications in water-gas stimulation techniques for enhanced oil recovery\",\n \"venue\": \"E3S Web of Conferences\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"D.S. Klimov\",\n \"A.N. Drozdov\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The article discusses the importance of finding effective technological solutions for CO2 capture and subsequent utilisation in the context of underground storage or underground injection of carbon dioxide in order to implement water-gas effects to enhance hydrocarbon recovery. The authors also focus on current and promising carbon capture methods, comparing their technological features, advantages and disadvantages. Conclusions are drawn about which technological developments may be the most promising for solving the problem of reducing the carbon footprint of energy industry enterprises, and where there is a need for further research, despite the high energy costs and technological complexities.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1051/e3sconf/202452402021\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/04e200ee470db06f130dd2ba15edf3845325803a\",\n \"result_position\": 39,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 222167478,\n \"title\": \"Pore- and Core-Scale Insights of Nanoparticle-Stabilized Foam for CO2-Enhanced Oil Recovery\",\n \"venue\": \"Nanomaterials\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Z. Alcorn\",\n \"T. Føyen\",\n \"J. Gauteplass\",\n \"B. Benali\",\n \"Aleksandra Soyke\",\n \"M. Fernø\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Nanoparticles have gained attention for increasing the stability of surfactant-based foams during CO2 foam-enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and CO2 storage. However, the behavior and displacement mechanisms of hybrid nanoparticle–surfactant foam formulations at reservoir conditions are not well understood. This work presents a pore- to core-scale characterization of hybrid nanoparticle–surfactant foaming solutions for CO2 EOR and the associated CO2 storage. The primary objective was to identify the dominant foam generation mechanisms and determine the role of nanoparticles for stabilizing CO2 foam and reducing CO2 mobility. In addition, we shed light on the influence of oil on foam generation and stability. We present pore- and core-scale experimental results, in the absence and presence of oil, comparing the hybrid foaming solution to foam stabilized by only surfactants or nanoparticles. Snap-off was identified as the primary foam generation mechanism in high-pressure micromodels with secondary foam generation by leave behind. During continuous CO2 injection, gas channels developed through the foam and the texture coarsened. In the absence of oil, including nanoparticles in the surfactant-laden foaming solutions did not result in a more stable foam or clearly affect the apparent viscosity of the foam. Foaming solutions containing only nanoparticles generated little to no foam, highlighting the dominance of surfactant as the main foam generator. In addition, foam generation and strength were not sensitive to nanoparticle concentration when used together with the selected surfactant. In experiments with oil at miscible conditions, foam was readily generated using all the tested foaming solutions. Core-scale foam-apparent viscosities with oil were nearly three times as high as experiments without oil present due to the development of stable oil/water emulsions and their combined effect with foam for reducing CO2 mobility\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/nano10101917\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0ac6da993a4ea475876c135e14897b76e434d879\",\n \"result_position\": 40,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 213786601,\n \"title\": \"CCS Projects: How Regulatory Framework Influences Their Deployment\",\n \"venue\": \"Resources\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"N. Romasheva\",\n \"A. Ilinova\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Preventing the effects of climate change is one of the most pressing challenges of this century. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology takes up a promising position in the achievement of a low-carbon future. Currently, CCS projects are implemented not only for CO2 storage but also for its usage in industries, in conformity with the principles of a circular economy. To date, a number of countries have accumulated experience in launching and implementing CCS projects. At the same time, the peculiarities and pace of technology development around the world remain different. This paper attempts to identify key factors that, first, generally affect CCS projects deployment, and second, create favorable conditions for CCS technologies development. Based on an extensive literature review and the experience of different countries, classification and interpretation of these factors are offered, justifying their impact on CCS projects. As a result of this paper, the authors present an assessment of the maturity of policy incentives and regulations in the field of CCS for different countries with revealed dependence between the level and effectiveness of CCS projects’ implementation, confirming the adequacy of the offered approaches and identifying measures that ensure success in CCS. The methodology of this study includes case studies, a modified PEST analysis, system-oriented analysis, the checklist method, and regression analyses.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/resources8040181\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/042aad3f6158725249c5ef51fec10021c0970aa9\",\n \"result_position\": 41,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 248337004,\n \"title\": \"Effect of Reservoir Heterogeneity on CO2 Flooding in Tight Oil Reservoirs\",\n \"venue\": \"Energies\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jiashun Luo\",\n \"Z. Hou\",\n \"Guo-qing Feng\",\n \"Jianxing Liao\",\n \"Muhammad Haris\",\n \"Ying Xiong\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Carbon dioxide (CO2)-enhanced oil recovery (EOR) has great potential and opportunity for further development, and it is one of the vital carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies. However, strong heterogeneity is one of the several challenges in developing reservoirs, especially for China’s continental tight oil reserves. This study investigates the effects of heterogeneous porosity and permeability on CO2 flooding evolution in low-permeable tight formation. We simulated CO2-EOR using a numerical model developed on the platform of TOUGH2MP-TMVOC to evaluate the effect of different levels of heterogeneity on oil production, gas storage, and flow behaviors in a tight reservoir, controlled by standard deviation and correlation length. A comparison of nine cases reveals that porosity heterogeneity commonly intensifies flow channeling, and there is an oil production decline with higher standard deviation and longer correlation length of porosity field. In addition, the porosity correlation length has a negligible effect on reservoir performance when the standard deviation is relatively low. Furthermore, strong heterogeneity also has a negative impact on the storage capacity of CO2 and oil production. Notably, as the standard deviation was raised to 0.1, a small sweep region arose with the early CO2 breakthrough, which led to a worse flooding effect. Finally, this study exemplifies that a higher injection/production rate and CO2 alternating N2 injection strategies can improve oil recovery in highly heterogeneous reservoirs.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/en15093015\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/476d7025fb01fd81c779c96459db473ea0210792\",\n \"result_position\": 42,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 276196096,\n \"title\": \"Rheological Properties of Crude Oil and Produced Emulsion from CO2 Flooding\",\n \"venue\": \"Energies\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Mingzheng Qiao\",\n \"Fan Zhang\",\n \"Weiqing Li\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) technology is recognized as a pivotal strategy to mitigate global climate change. The CO2 storage and enhanced oil recovery (CCUS-EOR) technology not only enhances oil recovery rates but also contributes to significant reductions in CO2 emissions, with significant social and economic benefits. This paper examines the application of CO2-EOR technology in both enhancing oil recovery and facilitating geological CO2 storage, and analyzes its implementation status and differences in the United States and China. Through experimental investigations conducted in a specific oilfield, we analyze the effects of dissolved CO2 on the viscosity–temperature characteristics, yield value under pressure, stability, and rheological properties of crude oil and produced fluids. Additionally, we assess the demulsification effectiveness of various demulsifiers. Our findings indicate that both dissolved CO2 in crude oil and emulsions exhibit non-Newtonian fluid behavior characterized by shear thinning, and the viscosity decreases with the increase in temperature and pressure. Furthermore, the presence of dissolved CO2 exacerbates the oil–water separation phenomenon in produced fluids, thereby diminishing emulsion stability. The increase in emulsion concentration and the increase in emulsification temperature are both conducive to improving the emulsification rate. These research results provide critical insights for pipeline design and pump selection in oilfield production processes.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/en18030739\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e0d666cc9d50c1a30758ffd100871b5f1be3e2fc\",\n \"result_position\": 43,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 255850677,\n \"title\": \"Eco-development of oil and gas industry: CCUS-EOR technology\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Earth Science\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Lian Yan\",\n \"Jiajia Hu\",\n \"Qiongyao Fang\",\n \"Xueqin Xia\",\n \"Banyu Lei\",\n \"Q. Deng\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The current status and development prospects of CCUS-EOR technology development are sorted out from the perspective of ecological development. A good foundation is laid to promote the world low-carbon development pattern and the development of CCUS-EOR technology in oil-rich, low-permeability reservoirs. By analyzing the differences between China and the United States regarding the technology level, application scale, and production effect, the development gaps between different countries in terms of CO2 burial for enhanced oil and gas recovery are derived. In response to these gaps, recommendations for responsive technology research and supporting infrastructure construction are proposed, which are of reference significance for advancing the development of large-scale CCUS technology for all of humanity.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/feart.2022.1063042\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/80dba3ee6b351af9a5a4c5017ce624a2476c354a\",\n \"result_position\": 44,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 270743617,\n \"title\": \"Research on the Development and Policy Evolution of CCUS Industry at Home and Abroad\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jing Yu\",\n \"Bo Zhou\",\n \"Pingliang Fang\",\n \"Bing Li\",\n \"Wenchao Sun\",\n \"Long Chang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"CCUS is internationally recognized as one of the three major pathways to achieve carbon neutrality goals. It is an important choice for realizing zero emissions from large-scale fossil energy utilization and a feasible technological solution to offset carbon emissions in industries such as power, steel, and cement where emissions reductions are challenging. Systematic analysis of the development and policy evolution of the CCUS industry at home and abroad can provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for China's energy transition and development under the background of carbon emission peaking and achieving carbon neutrality. Guided by the strategic goals of national energy security, carbon emission peaking, and achieving carbon neutrality, this study aims to analyze the global development process and stage characteristics of the CCUS industry, investigate the supporting policies in the CCUS field and their evolution patterns, summarize the current status and trends of the CCUS industry at home and abroad, and provide reference for the implementation of national energy green and low-carbon transformation and the construction of a new energy system. In terms of industry, European and American countries emphasize national-level technological guidance and macro-control. The United States has introduced the progressive 45Q tax credit policy, and the European Union has included CCUS in its carbon trading system. The US National Carbon Capture Center provides a testing environment and facilities for CCUS technology research and development, and has established a carbon dioxide industry cluster and transportation hub. In terms of policies, tax credits and carbon trading policies in Europe and America have attracted various types of capital investment, establishing a relatively complete legal framework system. These regions have been leading in CCUS technology research and deployment, holding dominant positions and decision-making power in mainstream international CCUS organizations such as the CSLF, IEA, GCCSI, and OGCI. This study benchmarks the forward-looking and strategic development status of the CCUS industry at home and abroad, elucidates the challenges facing CCUS industry development, and proposes future trends and policy support needs for the CCUS industry. The research reveals that Europe and America emphasize national-level technological guidance and macro-control, focusing on the construction of regional industrial networks and having established a relatively complete legal and regulatory framework system. Compared to other countries, China needs to establish national-level guidance on CCUS development, regional carbon dioxide capture and transportation networks, and enact specific laws, regulations, and technical standards for CCUS.\\n\",\n \"doi\": \"10.11648/j.ijepp.20241203.12\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/32953e012e5b6763b7d4901e797ac71ec5006ec2\",\n \"result_position\": 45,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 270317142,\n \"title\": \"The Role of CCUS in a Low-Carbon Future: A Critical Review\",\n \"venue\": \"The Bombay Technologist\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Mohit Gedam\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"With global CO2 emissions continuing to rise, driving concerning rates of climate change, carbon capture,utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies have attracted renewed interest for their potential to reduceatmospheric greenhouse gas levels. This review provides a wide-ranging overview of current and emergingapproaches to CCUS. Fundamental concepts in CCUS, including pre-combustion capture, post-combustioncapture, oxyfuel combustion, and CO2 mineralization are discussed. The spectrum of technologies available fortransporting, utilizing, and storing captured CO2 is then explored. The use of pipelines, ships, rail, and trucks formoving compressed or liquefied CO2 has been examined for transportation. Potential utilization options includeenhanced oil recovery, fuel synthesis, microbial conversion, and mineral carbonation. Analysis of geologicalsequestration in saline aquifers and depleted oil/gas reservoirs, ocean storage, and mineral carbonation hasbeen done for storing CO2. The maturity level, costs, scalability, and technical feasibility of different CCUStechnologies have been outlined. Critical challenges highlighted include the energy-intensive nature of currentcapture processes, infrastructure needs for transport and storage, and costs. This review synthesizes currenttechnical knowledge on CCUS to identify the most promising approaches to reducing atmospheric CO2 levelscost-effectively. It is then concluded by identifying critical research priorities, including improving captureefficiency, developing robust storage site assessments, monitoring technology, using captured CO2 for sustainableproducts, and accelerating adoption through policy incentives. If global multi-disciplinary efforts are taken, CCUScan play a significant role in achieving carbon-neutral energy systems worldwide. This review provides aframework for understanding the current state of CCUS that can guide researchers and policymakers inadvancing the deployment of CCUS technologies to areas where they hold the most potential to combat climatechange.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.36664/bt/2023/v70i1/173202\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dd24aa9171434987e8d0db1bab08e110f22564aa\",\n \"result_position\": 46,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 226732621,\n \"title\": \"Policy and Regulation of Energy Transition\",\n \"venue\": \"The Geopolitics of the Global Energy Transition\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"K. Daszkiewicz\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Energy security and affordability have represented for a long time central issues for all countries in the world. Nevertheless, the continuing increase of energy use, the related CO2 emissions and air-quality problems have spurred additional concerns over the way that countries produce and consume energy. Many governments are taking actions to steer away from fossil fuels and to move towards a clean energy future. The path towards this goal is often referred to as clean energy transition. However, our current path is still not in line with the ambitions. Economics and markets can play a role, but policymakers will play the central role. Energy policies have been effective in several sectors and countries to deliver some important results so far – e.g. for cars, appliances, lighting, wind and solar PV in power – but much more needs to be done. Trucks, petrochemicals, aviation, coal power reduction and phase-out, renewables in heat and transport, energy efficiency in industry and buildings, CCUS are some examples of next steps and actions to take. Not leaving behind the good efforts done till now, that need to be continued and stepped up. With a strong focus on renewables and energy efficiency, this chapter looks at the different types of policies that have been effective in delivering these goals and provides examples for the way forward.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/978-3-030-39066-2_9\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2db0991e52fd89466803a48ebf471573824f0869\",\n \"result_position\": 47,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 225780900,\n \"title\": \"Cross-regional drivers for CCUS deployment\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Ku\",\n \"P. Cook\",\n \"Pingjiao Hao\",\n \"Xiaochun Li\",\n \"J. Lemmon\",\n \"Toby Lockwood\",\n \"N. M. Dowell\",\n \"S. P. Singh\",\n \"N. Wei\",\n \"Wayne Xu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"CO2 capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) is recognized as a uniquely important option in global efforts to control anthropogenic greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions Despite significant progress globally in advancing the maturity of the various component technologies and their assembly into full-chain demonstrations, a gap remains on the path to widespread deployment in many countries In this paper, we focus on the importance of business models adapted to the unique technical features and sociopolitical drivers in different regions as a necessary component of commercial scale-up and how lessons might be shared across borders We identify three archetypes for CCUS development—resource recovery, green growth and low-carbon grids—each with different near-term issues that, if addressed, will enhance the prospect of successful commercial deployment These archetypes provide a framing mechanism that can help to translate experience in one region or context to other locations by clarifying the most important technical issues and policy requirements Going forward, the archetype framework also provides guidance on how different regions can converge on the most effective use of CCUS as part of global deep-decarbonization efforts over the long term\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1093/ce/zkaa008\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/47ed193ed32467db1241a1c2b2f6ae66510379b6\",\n \"result_position\": 48,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 257330999,\n \"title\": \"Carbon capture and storage: net zero contribution and cost estimation approaches\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Mining Institute\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"D. Skobelev\",\n \"A. Cherepovitsyna\",\n \"Tatiana Guseva\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) are a combination of necessary and promising technologies that can help reduce CO2 emissions, which are not used on a large scale due to the high cost of solutions. This article aims to review and analyze carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects in terms of their net zero contribution and cost estimates. The study identified a wide range of cost estimation methods that can be applied to CCS projects and revealed such issues as a lack of standardization, limited data, and cost data variability. Still, several common trends were found, including the classification of CCS adopters into low-cost and high-cost industries, cost estimation by CCS step (capture, transportation, storage) and industry (power generation, other sectors), and calculation of relative indices to make comparisons with other decarbonization options. The results of the study can serve as a foundation for developing approaches to estimating the costs of CCS in Russia, which are necessary for planning government support measures and involving businesses in the implementation of these initiatives.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.31897/pmi.2023.10\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c2a9bb02a84e9311c8feeda923298da4ce5c42c1\",\n \"result_position\": 49,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 267164939,\n \"title\": \"EVALUATION OF CONTINUOUS AND WATER ALTERNATING GAS (WAG) CO2 INJECTION ON X FIELD RECOVERY FACTOR\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Earth Energy Engineering\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Pijar Fitrah Ababil\",\n \"Hadziqul Abror\",\n \"Riska Laksmita Sari\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Indonesia is a country rich in natural resources. The wealth of Indonesia's natural resources is not only limited to agricultural and plantation products, but also from mineral and hydrocarbon mining or oil and gas. Indonesia's oil production has continued to decline in the last 10 years until the national consumption rate is much higher than national production. One of the causes of the decline in oil production in Indonesia is the condition of Indonesia's oil fields, which are currently mature fields. To overcome the problem of old fields that still have economic oil reserves, enhanced oil recovery (EOR) can be used. One of the EOR methods that can be used is the CO2 injection method using continuous and WAG injection schemes. The study was conducted in X field with oil-wet carbonate rock composition with waterdrive and fluid expansion driving mechanism. The basecase production scheme using 5 production wells produces a recovery factor of 34.3%, while continuous CO2 injection produces a recovery factor of 32%, and CO2-WAG produces a recovery factor of 42%. Continuous CO2 injection has the lowest recovery factor because early gas breaktrough occurs due to a large mobility ratio and causes gas fingering, hindering the oil production process. The most suitable injection method is CO2-WAG 1 cycle using a 1:1 ratio, CO2 injection volume of 6.661 MSCF/D, injection water volume of 37.4 MBBL/D with a recovery factor of 43.46%.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.25299/jeee.2023.13689\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/70512544eaee2a0fbeab1b70d5b24bbb151210c2\",\n \"result_position\": 50,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 116059816,\n \"title\": \"A Review of Carbon Capture and Storage Project Investment and Operational Decision-Making Based on Bibliometrics\",\n \"venue\": \"Energies\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jiaquan Li\",\n \"Yun-bing Hou\",\n \"Pengtao Wang\",\n \"Bo Yang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The research on carbon capture and storage (CCS) project planning and investment and operational decision-making can provide a reference for enterprises to invest in CCS and for policy-makers to formulate policies to promote CCS development. So what are the current research hotspots in this field and the gaps that still need to be further studied in the future? This paper reviews the research in the field by a bibliometric analysis. The results show that the research in this field first focus on cost analysis, followed by project investment evaluation, project planning (cost curve and pipeline network), and project operation. In particular, fossil fuel power plants, pipeline transportation, and oil fields are the most crucial objects in the three technical links of CCS projects, respectively. Policies, carbon pricing, and uncertainty in cost and benefits are factors that are mainly discussed in this field. The methods used for CCS project planning are cost curve model and optimization model. The real option approach is suitable for the evaluation of investment decision-making. The evaluation of operational decision is mostly based on optimization model. The future research directions can be summarized as five points: (1) continuously and systematically update the calculated costs in the current research to the unified price of the latest year; (2) calculate the cost curve from the perspective of emission sources; (3) expand the planning region of pipeline network to the country, continent, and even the entire world; (4) pay more attention to the investment assessment of the CCS project that may be implemented with low cost and high return; and (5) analyze the optimal operation mode of CCS in the low-load power system.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/EN12010023\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4a687583ffc45c0d6af85d5c5f7cc16f45fa842f\",\n \"result_position\": 51,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 233694740,\n \"title\": \"Assessing the Role of Carbon Capture and Storage in Mitigation Pathways of Developing Economies\",\n \"venue\": \"Energies\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"P. Fragkos\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The Paris Agreement has set out ambitious climate goals aiming to keep global warming well-below 2 °C by 2100. This requires a large-scale transformation of the global energy system based on the uptake of several technological options to reduce drastically emissions, including expansion of renewable energy, energy efficiency improvements, and fuel switch towards low-carbon energy carriers. The current study explores the role of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) as a mitigation option, which provides a dispatchable source for carbon-free production of electricity and can also be used to decarbonise industrial processes. In the last decade, limited technology progress and slow deployment of CCS technologies worldwide have increased the concerns about the feasibility and potential for massive scale-up of CCS required for deep decarbonisation. The current study uses the state-of-the-art PROMETHEUS global energy demand and supply system model to examine the role and impacts of CCS deployment in a global decarbonisation context. By developing contrasted decarbonisation scenarios, the analysis illustrates that CCS deployment might bring about various economic and climate benefits for developing economies, in the form of reduced emissions, lower mitigation costs, ensuring the cost efficient integration of renewables, limiting stranded fossil fuel assets, and alleviating the negative distributional impacts of cost-optimal policies for developing economies.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/EN14071879\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d6a5c35aa2d025f082a9569e46cefa0345ba0103\",\n \"result_position\": 52,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 252135750,\n \"title\": \"Analysis and optimization of energy flow in the full chain of carbon dioxide capture and oil recovery\",\n \"venue\": \"Carbon Neutrality\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Fuzhen Zhang\",\n \"R. Xu\",\n \"Yingxu He\",\n \"Xin Fang\",\n \"Peipei Jiang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"CO2 capture is a process with a high energy consumption, and its large-scale implementation should be based on comprehensive analysis of its impact on the energy, economy, and environment. The process of injecting CO2 into existing oil fields is a well-known enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) technique. Using CO2 as a working fluid to recover oil can compensate for the energy consumption of the capture and transport processes, increasing the feasibility of CO2 capture while achieving carbon sequestration. In this study, a full-chain CO2 capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) system based on the post-combustion capture method is deconstructed and coupled. A full-chain energy consumption calculation software is developed, and optimization analysis of the energy consumption system is conducted. The energy budget of the oil displacement utilization is deconstructed, and the advantages of the water alternating gas (WAG) method are clarified from an energy budget point of view. The analysis reveals that the benefits of CO2-EOR are far greater than the energy consumption of other CCUS processes, and CCUS-EOR is a CO2 utilization method with positive energy benefits. Based on the simulation of the effects of N2 and CH4 on the recovery factor, a multi-well combined injection-production method is proposed, and the reasons for increasing profit are analyzed. Optimization analysis of the energy consumption for CCUS system is conducted. The advantages of the WAG method are clarified from an energy budget point of view. The CCUS-EOR is a CO2 utilization method with positive energy benefits.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s43979-022-00031-7\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/540b0a2d336141e30fde767e3f62e906d3a4bf04\",\n \"result_position\": 53,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 213050756,\n \"title\": \"COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FEASIBILITY OF DIFFERENT CO2 STORAGE SCENARIOS\",\n \"venue\": \"EMAN 2019 – Economics & Management: How to Cope With Disrupted Times CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Arnaut\",\n \"D. Vulin\",\n \"Lucija Jukić\",\n \"D. Sedlar\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Carbon dioxide injection is the most used enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method and the benefit, besides additional oil recovery, which lies in the fact that in this process carbon dioxide retention in the reservoir occurs. Depleted reservoirs are more promising candidates for the carbon dioxide storage than aquifers and other geological formations since they are well characterized i.e., the reservoir properties are more certain because of the data gathering and reservoir model improvement during production lifetime. Since the hydrocarbon reservoirs retained fluids through geological time scale, they can be considered as proven traps that can retain fluids for a long time. Possibilities for CO2 storage (CCS) and usage for EOR (carbon utilization and storage, CUS) have been extensively evaluated, but comparison of economic parameters is hard to perform. This paper presents the impact of key parameters on hydrocarbon production and stored carbon dioxide. The threshold values for operating costs, capital investments, and discount rate were tested by ESCOM application, enabling the evaluation of different reservoir sizes and conditions in the reservoir for CCS and CUS.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.31410/eman.2019.705\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5e3ba03fa1ba3a5b6cc920adc700a4ea0c8db508\",\n \"result_position\": 54,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 105306241,\n \"title\": \"Carbon Dioxide Utilization and Sequestration in Kerogen Nanopores\",\n \"venue\": \"Carbon Capture, Utilization and Sequestration\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Cudjoe Sherifa\",\n \"B. Reza\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) has been injected into oil reservoirs to maximize production for decades. On the other hand, emitted CO 2 from industrial processes is captured and stored in geological formations to mitigate greenhouse gas effects. As such, greater attention is drawn to the potential of utilizing the captured CO 2 in EOR processes. A significant por - tion of the injected CO 2 remains trapped due to capillary forces and through dissolution in residual liquids. In organic-rich shales, the presence of isolated kerogen nanopores add to the sequestration process due to the adsorptive nature of the surface and its preference to CO 2 over methane (CH 4 ), in addition to the sealing capacities of these formations. This work summarizes the latest findings of the literature with the purpose of defining further areas of investigation to fully capitalize on the potential of CO 2 sequestration and utiliza- tion in kerogen nanopores.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78235\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5c682022b22f4321881720048a2772e889f8ee0b\",\n \"result_position\": 55,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 134655778,\n \"title\": \"Analysis and selection of CO2 sources for CCS-EOR projects in oil fields clusters in Poland\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"E. Mikołajczak\",\n \"P. Kosowski\",\n \"J. Stopa\",\n \"Joanna Wartak\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Reducing CO2 emissions from industrial plants that use fossil fuels as their energy source is regarded as one of the major challenges for combating climate change [4]. An option for accomplishing that aim is the CO2 capture, utilization and storage technology (CCUS). It involves capturing CO2 from flue gas, transporting it, utilizing it for economically productive activities (CCU – carbon capture and utilization), and/or permanently disposing it in nonatmospheric sinks (CCS carbon capture and storage). Some technologies, such as enhanced oil recovery (EOR) allow simultaneous CCUS [7], because CO2 is a well-recognized asset in the petroleum industry for the enhancement of oil extraction. Its use for enhanced oil recovery is a process that seeks to improve the flow and recovery rate of hydrocarbon from a reservoir (CO2-EOR) [5]. Unlike other options for CO2 utilization (e.g. use as a chemical feedstock), EOR can provide long-term storage and is able to increase the production of an economically valuable resource [6]. CO2-EOR is expected to produce additional 5–20% of the original oil in place (OOIP) [4] and it is also identified to have a strong potential to reduce the overall CCS cost, however the cost benefits are strongly dependent on the oil price and the considered EOR injection period [2]. CO2-EOR is usually a large-scale project and requires techno-economic evaluation before its deployment, a particularly important issue in this assessment is the availability of a low-cost source of CO2. The issue of selection of sources of CO2 for projects CCS-CO2-EOR is raised in a number of references [1–2, 4–7]. This article includes a comprehensive selection of emitters, which are appropriate carbon dioxide suppliers for the oil fields clusters (Fig. 1) selected as a part of the project „Multifield CO2\",\n \"doi\": \"10.7494/DRILL.2018.35.1.295\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cf35f5c2aef56dc54b65f3bd0d6a0b1c9fedba52\",\n \"result_position\": 56,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 269561336,\n \"title\": \"A Comprehensive Summary of the Application of Machine Learning Techniques for CO2-Enhanced Oil Recovery Projects\",\n \"venue\": \"Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Xuejia Du\",\n \"Sameer Salasakar\",\n \"Ganesh C. Thakur\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This paper focuses on the current application of machine learning (ML) in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) through CO2 injection, which exhibits promising economic and environmental benefits for climate-change mitigation strategies. Our comprehensive review explores the diverse use cases of ML techniques in CO2-EOR, including aspects such as minimum miscible pressure (MMP) prediction, well location optimization, oil production and recovery factor prediction, multi-objective optimization, Pressure–Volume–Temperature (PVT) property estimation, Water Alternating Gas (WAG) analysis, and CO2-foam EOR, from 101 reviewed papers. We catalog relative information, including the input parameters, objectives, data sources, train/test/validate information, results, evaluation, and rating score for each area based on criteria such as data quality, ML-building process, and the analysis of results. We also briefly summarized the benefits and limitations of ML methods in petroleum industry applications. Our detailed and extensive study could serve as an invaluable reference for employing ML techniques in the petroleum industry. Based on the review, we found that ML techniques offer great potential in solving problems in the majority of CO2-EOR areas involving prediction and regression. With the generation of massive amounts of data in the everyday oil and gas industry, machine learning techniques can provide efficient and reliable preliminary results for the industry.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/make6020043\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c94f8fc26f4bc4e90c7b750edcd86b0b537e913c\",\n \"result_position\": 57,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 261766936,\n \"title\": \"Current Status and Prospects of Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage Technology in the Context of International Carbon Neutrality Strategic Goals\",\n \"venue\": \"E3S Web of Conferences\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Bin Gu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"China is the world's largest emitter of greenhouse gases, and its huge emissions have attracted strong attention from the world. After accurate calculation, the Chinese government clearly proposed the goal of carbon peak by 2030, carbon neutrality by 2060, from relative emission reduction to absolute emission reduction, and then zero emissions, which became an ambitious \\\"China plan\\\" and road map. Starting with the strategic goals of carbon neutrality in China and other countries in the world, this article introduces in detail the characteristics and practical applications of CCUS (Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage) technology, as well as the current research status and progress of carbon capture, carbon utilization, and carbon storage technologies. Based on China's national conditions and reality, it analyzes various challenges faced by CCUS technology, including economic, technological, environmental, and policy aspects. Finally, this article places the future vision on the international stage, analyzes and summarizes the development experience of CCUS technology in developed countries, and puts forward suggestions for the development of CCUS technology in China.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1051/e3sconf/202342404015\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/45d8d23846d9f15667b9b5a334aefd22ccfdcafa\",\n \"result_position\": 58,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 270511344,\n \"title\": \"Exploration and Applications of Carbon Utilization and Sequestration Technologies\",\n \"venue\": \"Highlights in Science Engineering and Technology\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Feng Dong\",\n \"Xiying Zhu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In recent years, the surge in global energy demand due to rapid technological advances has led to a significant increase in greenhouse gas emissions, resulting in a climate and energy crisis. Against this backdrop, the challenge for the global energy sector is to weigh the advantages and disadvantages of different carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies in order to select the most appropriate method for each situation. This study focuses on Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and ocean sequestration technologies and analyzes their theories, advantages, obstacles, and applications. EOR technology improves the efficiency of crude oil extraction by storing carbon dioxide (CO2) in deep strata and reducing the viscosity of the oil. This technology not only helps to reduce greenhouse gas emissions but also increases the rate of extraction of crude oil, providing a double benefit that makes it a commercially viable technology. However, the challenge with enhanced oil recovery technology is the high cost of facilities, which may limit its development prospects. Ocean sequestration refers to the storage of CO2 in the deep seabed to delay its contact with the atmosphere. The delay in the time of CO2 emissions brings a huge time value. However, ocean storage also has negative impacts, such as excessive CO2 in the ocean leading to acidification of seawater, disrupting the stability of ocean pH values, and ultimately leading to the extinction of deep-sea organisms.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.54097/4gp32g05\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cb242721fafe9e82e3679bdde76cca3abec7f9a1\",\n \"result_position\": 59,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 261206241,\n \"title\": \"Machine-Learning-Based Approach to Optimize CO2-WAG Flooding in Low Permeability Oil Reservoirs\",\n \"venue\": \"Energies\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ming Gao\",\n \"Zhaoxia Liu\",\n \"Shihao Qian\",\n \"Wan-lu Liu\",\n \"Weirong Li\",\n \"Hengfei Yin\",\n \"Jinhong Cao\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"One of the main applications of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology in the industry is carbon-dioxide-enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR). However, accurately and rapidly assessing their application potential remains a major challenge. In this study, a numerical model of the CO2-WAG technique was developed using the reservoir numerical simulation software CMG (Version 2021), which is widely used in the field of reservoir engineering. Then, 10,000 different reservoir models were randomly generated using the Monte Carlo method for numerical simulations, with each having different formation physical parameters, fluid parameters, initial conditions, and injection and production parameters. Among them, 70% were used as the training set and 30% as the test set. A comprehensive analysis was conducted using eight different machine learning regression methods to train and evaluate the dataset. After evaluation, the XGBoost algorithm emerged as the top-performing method and was selected as the optimal approach for the prediction and optimization. By integrating the production prediction model with a particle swarm optimizer (PSO), a workflow for optimizing the CO2-EOR parameters was developed. This process enables the rapid optimization of the CO2-EOR parameters and the prediction of the production for each period based on cumulative production under different geological conditions. The proposed XGBoost-PSO proxy model accurately, reliably, and efficiently predicts production, thereby making it an important tool for optimizing CO2-EOR design.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/en16176149\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7aac69f5756a912d7f58276b5a9326679921831c\",\n \"result_position\": 60,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 29719155,\n \"title\": \"Carbon Capture and Storage and Carbon Capture and Utilization: What Do They Offer to Indonesia?\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Energy Research\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Didi Adisaputro\",\n \"B. Saputra\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Indonesia is a developing country with abundance resource of fossil fuel in the world, and this fossil fuel will remain as the main source of energy over the next few decades. However, the Indonesian Government has committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel consumption as an effort to mitigate climate change. In view of this, two possible energy scenarios are envisioned to honor this commitment: “business as usual” (BaU) and the National Energy Policy (NEP) scenario (National Energy Council, 2014). The NEP scenario reduces CO2 emissions by up to 26% through an improved energy mix, less reliance on carbon-based fuels, and the deployment of renewable energy sources from 2020 to 2050. However, these actions are considered insufficient to further reduce the CO2 emission target, leading to an initiative to implement carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology. Although Indonesia is a developing country, it has a mature manufacturing industry, which means that carbon-capture utilization (CCU) technology, which converts CO2 into useful products and intermediates, could provide an additional method to complement CCS technology and help decouple economic growth from excessive CO2 emission (Styring et al., 2014). This report reviews how CCS and CCU are applied in Indonesia, particularly in relation to the energy sector. In addition, CO2 emissions from future fossil fuel consumption are predicted together with the amount of CO2 emitted that is suitable for CCS. The barriers hindering the application of CCS are also reviewed together with the alternatives to CCU technology. Because of some drawbacks in the development of CCS, the potential of CCU deployment is assessed, leading to several recommendations. Finally, we discuss what the application of both CCS and CCU can offer Indonesia.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fenrg.2017.00006\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c604554c21468409f1ffe0f0cf7fb3d6d2b40c53\",\n \"result_position\": 61,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 116782763,\n \"title\": \"Technical and Economic Performance Metrics for CCUS Projects: Example from the East Canton Consolidated Oil Field, Ohio, USA\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"I. Fukai\",\n \"Srikanta Mishra\",\n \"Ashwin Pasumarti\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract A cost-benefit analysis is presented to evaluate the economic feasibility of carbon dioxide-enhanced oil recovery in Ohio. Integrating Ohio-specific data with reservoir performance and economic models, the analysis is applied to an oilfield in Ohio to illustrate application of the methodology. A break-even correlation is presented that may serve as a stand-alone metric for project screening purposes to determine the price conditions at which carbon dioxide becomes a viable purchase for EOR and a marketable asset for power plants with capture technology.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/J.EGYPRO.2017.03.1838\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1126665ff7ac79e1102626b44d1abec3bf61f9fb\",\n \"result_position\": 62,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 271496216,\n \"title\": \"Prospective techno-economic and life cycle assessment: a review across established and emerging carbon capture, storage and utilization (CCS/CCU) technologies\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Energy Research\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Pingping Wang\",\n \"Ada Josefina Robinson\",\n \"Stavros Papadokonstantakis\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Carbon Capture, Storage and Utilization (CCS/CCU) is critical for achieving net-zero emissions. Although the recent surge in CCS/CCU projects announcement, there is a clear gap between announced capacity (around 400 Mt CO₂ per year) and the Net Zero Emissions (NZE) scenario deployment target (around 1 Gt per year) by 2030. This review examines breakthroughs and advancements across both established and emerging CCS/CCU systems with different Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs) in various industrial sectors, emphasizing the necessity of prospective assessments for their acceleration and scalability. It examines the development and application of prospective Life Cycle Assessment (pLCA) and prospective Techno-Economic Assessment (pTEA), highlighting their limitations and importance of their outcomes in decision-making processes. Differences between the evolving dynamics of the technological systems (foreground) and the evolution of the overall socioeconomic system (background) are discussed. Incorporating scenario data from Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) into pLCA and pTEA reveals an iterative relationship that significantly influences the outcome of both the environmental assessments and the economics of large-scale production of the CCS/CCU systems under study. This, in turn, could reshape investment strategies towards advanced technologies, necessitating their consideration within the evolving structure of IAMs. It is concluded that the inherent limitations of CCS/CCU technologies at an early stage of development require quantitative uncertainty analysis and demand robustness, interdisciplinary collaboration, policy intervention, and data transparency. The rigorous evaluative frameworks are key for developing economic, environmental and climate policies and enable well-informed decisions across rapidly evolving sectors. A framework is proposed in this review, outlining a multistep process that includes a series of databases and open-source tools to interface pTEA and pLCA with enhanced IAMs for CCS/CCU, demonstrating its potential to improve decision-making and policy development.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fenrg.2024.1412770\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a04d4db7b7fb20bfafb9dbdb72ff74dd3dbbe216\",\n \"result_position\": 63,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 219433044,\n \"title\": \"Business Models for Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage Technologies in the Steel Sector: A Qualitative Multi-Method Study\",\n \"venue\": \"Processes\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Hasan Muslemani\",\n \"Xi Liang\",\n \"Katharina Kaesehage\",\n \"Jeffrey Wilson\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is a combination of technologies capable of achieving large-scale reductions in carbon dioxide emissions across a variety of industries. Its application to date has however been mostly limited to the power sector, despite emissions from other industrial sectors accounting for around 30% of global anthropogenic CO2 emissions. This paper explores the challenges of and requirements for implementing CCUS in non-power industrial sectors in general, and in the steel sector in particular, to identify drivers for the technology’s commercialization. To do so we first conducted a comprehensive literature review of business models of existing large-scale CCUS projects. We then collected primary qualitative data through a survey questionnaire and semi-structured interviews with global CCUS experts from industry, academia, government, and consultancies. Our results reveal that the revenue model is the most critical element to building successful CCUS business models, around which the following elements are structured: funding sources, capital & ownership structure, and risk management/allocation. One promising mechanism to subsidize the additional costs associated with the introduction of CCUS to industry is the creation of a ‘low-carbon product market’, while the creation of clear risk-allocation systems along the full CCUS chain is particularly highlighted. The application of CCUS as an enabling emission reduction technology is further shown to be a factor of consumer and shareholder pressures, pressing environmental standards, ethical resourcing, resource efficiency, and first-mover advantages in an emerging market. This paper addresses the knowledge gap which exists in identifying viable CCUS business models in the industrial sector which, with the exception of a few industry reports, remains poorly explored in the academic literature.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/pr8050576\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/774ea1e103d5c3192ad621d6c0317a3d6c821e3f\",\n \"result_position\": 64,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 234184294,\n \"title\": \"Green Technological Development and Deployment in the Association of Southeast Asian Economies (ASEAN)—At Crossroads or Roundabout?\",\n \"venue\": \"Sustainability\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Rabindra Nepal\",\n \"Han Phoumin\",\n \"Abiral Khatri\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Southeast Asia faces one of the fastest growths in electricity demand in the world, driven by increasing incomes, urbanization and industrialization. Development and deployment of green energy technologies offer a natural conduit to meet the growing electricity needs of the Association of Southeast Asian Economies (ASEAN) region while also serving as a viable strategy to adapt to climate change. The aim of this study is to formulate the policy lessons for the ASEAN economies and governments in facilitating the development and deployment of green technologies and alternatives energy options based on a specific case review of the ASEAN. The ASEAN economic region is prioritizing sustainable economic growth while minimizing the regional impacts of climate change through decarbonization. The study undertakes a case-specific analysis in reviewing green energy deployment in the context of green growth and energy transition using secondary data sources and discusses the current status and future options of renewable energy development in the ASEAN. We find that carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies will allow the ASEAN to continue to use fossil fuels while achieving sustainable economic growth as coal demand increases in the region. The deployment of CCS technologies will also act as an enabler of hydrogen energy as a green energy solution in the region in the longer term. Boosting public acceptance to nuclear energy, implementing energy efficiency improvement policies and eliminating fossil fuels consumption subsidies are feasible short-term and medium-term policies. Increasing both the public and private sector energy investments and development of CCS technologies in the longer term are necessary complementary policies to maximize the benefits of greater deployment of renewable energy sources in the region and combat climate change.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/SU13020758\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c5ead06098a5f40d060becb082b6ca642da32a72\",\n \"result_position\": 65,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 251278967,\n \"title\": \"Community acceptance and social impacts of carbon capture, utilization and storage projects: A systematic meta-narrative literature review\",\n \"venue\": \"PLoS ONE\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jacob A. E. Nielsen\",\n \"Kostas Stavrianakis\",\n \"Zoe Morrison\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This manuscript presents a systematic meta-narrative review of peer-reviewed publications considering community acceptance and social impacts of site-specific Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) projects to inform the design and implementation of CCUS projects who seek to engage with communities during this process, as well as similar climate mitigation and adaptation initiatives. A meta-narrative approach to systematic review was utilized to understand literature from a range of site specific CCUS studies. 53 peer-reviewed papers were assessed reporting empirical evidence from studies on community impacts and social acceptance of CCUS projects published between 2009 and 2021. Three separate areas of contestation were identified. The first contestation was on acceptance, including how acceptance was conceptualized, how the different CCUS projects engaged with communities, and the role of acceptance in social learning. The second contestation related to communities: how communities were represented, where the communities were located in relation to the CCUS projects, and how the communities were defined. The third contestation was around CCUS impacts and the factors influencing individuals’ perceptions of impacts, the role of uncertainty, and how impacts were challenged by local communities, politicians and scientists involved in the projects. The next step was to explore how these contestations were conceptualised, the aspects of commonality and difference, as well as the notable omissions. This facilitated a synthesis of the key dimensions of each contestation to inform our discussion regarding community awareness and acceptance of CCUS projects. This review concludes that each CCUS project is complex thus it is not advisable to provide best practice guidelines that will ensure particular outcomes. This systematic review shared recommendations in the literature as to how best to facilitate community engagement in relation to CCUS projects and similar place-based industrial innovation projects. These recommendations focus on the importance of providing transparency, acknowledging uncertainty and encouraging collaboration.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1371/journal.pone.0272409\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bb8dc34fc82e1c827ae97c1f17e8bfbac24aea98\",\n \"result_position\": 66,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 274553908,\n \"title\": \"A Review of Algae-Based Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (Algae-Based CCUS)\",\n \"venue\": \"Gases\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Guiheng Li\",\n \"Jia Yao\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Excessive emissions of greenhouse gases, primarily carbon dioxide (CO2), have garnered worldwide attention due to their significant environmental impacts. Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) techniques have emerged as effective solutions to address CO2 emissions. Recently, direct air capture (DAC) and bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) have been advanced within the CCUS framework as negative emission technologies. BECCS, which involves cultivating biomass for energy production, then capturing and storing the resultant CO2 emissions, offers cost advantages over DAC. Algae-based CCUS is integral to the BECCS framework, leveraging algae’s biological processes to capture and sequester CO2 while simultaneously contributing to energy production and potentially achieving net negative carbon emissions. Algae’s high photosynthetic efficiency, rapid growth rates, and ability to grow in non-arable environments provide significant advantages over other BECCS methods. This comprehensive review explores recent innovations in algae-based CCUS technologies, focusing on the mechanisms of carbon capture, utilization, and storage through algae. It highlights advancements in algae cultivation for efficient carbon capture, algae-based biofuel production, and algae-based dual carbon storage materials, as well as key challenges that need to be addressed for further optimization. This review provides valuable insights into the potential of algae-based CCUS as a key component of global carbon reduction strategies.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/gases4040024\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f5ef7fdd0704834b042e676d4b09a3b6cb4a4976\",\n \"result_position\": 67,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 261384302,\n \"title\": \"Advancing Sustainability through Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) Technologies: The Hydrogel Case Study\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Sustainable Development Law and Policy\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Eduardo G. Pereira\",\n \"Alberto Fossà\",\n \"C. Cerri\",\n \"O. Omotuyi\",\n \"Hannah Hylton-Edwards\",\n \"Edmilson Moutinho Dos Santos\",\n \"A. Gallo\",\n \"Cylon Liaw\",\n \"Bruna Toguedani\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) consists of several technologies that are capable of playing significant and diverse roles in the achievement of global energy and climate goals under the context of energy transition. It forms a relevant technological approach for capturing carbon and delivering a net zero energy system. Currently, CCUS projects are mainly taking place in developed countries, with some of them having specific promotion policies such as 45Q under IRA in the US. Several of the current CCUS activities take the form of enhanced oil recovery (EOR). CCS have a value chain comprising the CO2 capture, compression and liquefaction, transportation (by pipeline or ships), and storage (e.g., underground in saline aquifer or depleted reservoirs). CCU shares some of the CCS value chain elements, except storage, as it consists of techniques and initiatives that convert captured emitted carbons into useful products. Hence, adopting a qualitative research methodology, this study explores the concept and relevancy of CCUS in achieving net zero emissions using hydrogel as a case study. This study aims for the implementation of a new CCUS value chain that involves products based on carbon sequestration in land-based carbon dioxide removal (CDR), leading to a high potential for mitigating carbon emissions. Consequently, CCUS is vital to attenuate the problems of climate change, as it plays a key role in decarbonizing and facing the challenge of anthropogenic CO2 emissions, in addition to providing a long-term alternative compatible with sustainable development. Based on its properties and characteristics, especially as a polymeric electrolyte with a high capacity for conducting physical separation, this study proposes hydrogel as a viable technique for the maximum capture of atmospheric carbon. Such captured carbon is then utilized for various applications or stored appropriately. This study concludes with a highlight of specific lessons learned in this regard, and the major challenges observed with this CCUS technique.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.4314/jsdlp.v14i1.11s\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/48835c487a7addc928387c1919b61fcf5b5644bd\",\n \"result_position\": 68,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 247363912,\n \"title\": \"CCUS Industry Under Target of Carbon-Peak and Carbon-Neutrality: Progress and Challenges\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Energy Research\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Lin Cao\",\n \"Sheng Lei\",\n \"Yuanxiao Guan\",\n \"Yahui Wang\",\n \"Yuxi Zhang\",\n \"Jingtong Tian\",\n \"Tongbing Wang\",\n \"Ben-fu Luo\",\n \"Tangzheng Ren\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Since the industrial revolution, carbon emissions in the atmosphere have increased by about 25–30% due to the increasing frequency of human activities. As human society progresses, the increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere caused by human activities has led to global warming and other climate problems have gradually become apparent. In the past decade, climate anomalies and natural disasters have occurred around the world, and the culprit is CO2 emissions. On September 22, 2020, Xi Jinping announced at the 75th General Debate of the United Nations General Assembly that “China will increase its independent national contribution, adopt stronger policies and measures, and strive to peak CO2 emissions by 2030 and work towards achieving carbon neutrality by 2060.” The introduction of the dual carbon targets has sparked strong interest in the domestic and international communities. Carbon dioxide capture, utilization and burial (CCUS) technology is gradually being taken seriously by society as an emerging technology and important means that is expected to achieve large-scale low-carbon utilization of fossil fuels, reduce CO2 emissions, guarantee energy security and achieve sustainable development.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fenrg.2022.860665\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/01cfa389fc6e9551a6833fc565027199e7055bad\",\n \"result_position\": 69,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 273823869,\n \"title\": \"Establishing Key Process Design Considerations for Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) Towards Decarbonization of Existing Assets Operations\",\n \"venue\": \"ADIPEC\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Z. M. Sahak\",\n \"M. M. Zain\",\n \"Azila Alias\",\n \"Muhammad Yazid Zulkifli\",\n \"Siti Rohani\",\n \"Khairul Rostani\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"\\n With the net zero emission (NZE) commitment by 2050 following COP26 being pledged by country and industrial leaders, the technology focus for CCUS has shifted from high-CO2 gas field development to also include capturing CO2 from other industrial emission sources e.g. flaring and gas turbines. With the expanding scopes, careful consideration especially from process design perspective needs to be taken to ensure the overall CCUS conceptual design is techno-commercially feasible and viable to meet the CCUS end target and NZE aspiration in the long term. Process design intent shall start with the input-output specifications, where main input specifications would be looking at source or CCUS fluid (e.g. gas field/flare stack etc.) which will determine the type of CO2 capture technology required. Target output usage (storage/ utilization) will affect the tail-end process design, since both require different process setup. Other considerations would also be: (1) location (onshore vs offshore) which will affect the facilities network and logistics, (2) contaminants such as SOx and NOx which will determine other treatment requirements and affect the final use of the separated CO2-rich stream (utilization, storage strategy), and (3) material selection for the mixed contaminants stream. Depending on the concentration of CO2 in the source, a series of treatment steps may be required to get the optimum recovery for further utilization and storage. The presence of other contaminants is also discussed, which may affect the overall CCUS processes. Method to either utilize the separated CO2 stream or injection to reservoir for storage is also explored. An integrated approach is required to ensure a successful CCUS process design from start to end. Challenges and lesson-learnt from a conceptual CCUS system are analyzed including technology maturation, presence of other contaminants and final use of CO2-based products/storage. The technical and commercial aspects associated with each technology are also addressed. Key design elements are proposed with aspiration of a successful CCUS implementation in reducing future carbon footprint and realizing NZE aspiration and decarbonization goal, requiring planning for end-to-end solutions.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.2118/221884-ms\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e4138c85687765c02da8d819849b73635a84b06b\",\n \"result_position\": 70,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 268336016,\n \"title\": \"CCU technologies as a tool to achieve Scope and ESG goals\",\n \"venue\": \"E3S Web of Conferences\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ch. A Garifullina\",\n \"D. Klimov\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The work examines current methods for the development and study of environmental, social, and governance aspects (ESG factors) in connection with international and governmental measures for sustainable development. It covers the UN Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement, which incentivize the consideration of ESG factors, as well as the impact of ESG on the industry and investors, particularly in the oil and gas sector. The authors delve into CO2 utilization technologies (CCS, CCUS, CCU) and the challenges of their implementation in various sectors. The role of oil and gas companies in sustainable development through the implementation of CCU technologies is analyzed; methods for capturing, transporting, and utilizing CO2 are discussed, along with technologies for producing chemicals from CO2 and their efficiency. The influence of CCU technologies on Scope 1, 2, 3 emissions, defining greenhouse gas emissions, is also examined. The challenges of transitioning to sustainable development and the importance of implementing CCU projects to enhance the ESG-rating of companies are highlighted. Sound implementation of CCU projects can determine successful industrial development, especially in the oil and gas sector, by reducing carbon dioxide emissions and creating competitive products.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1051/e3sconf/202449801015\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5cfae71480e986ab3dc34f2cb1dae709064ff812\",\n \"result_position\": 71,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 269766649,\n \"title\": \"Advanced Carbon Management: Innovations in Materials and Process Integration for Carbon Capture, Storage, and Utilization (CCSU)\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Environment\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Amirul Islam\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Purpose: This article systematically explores the complex landscape of Carbon Capture, Storage, and Utilization (CCSU) technologies, emphasizing their critical role in global climate change mitigation. The article aims to provide a strategic framework for stakeholders to understand the integration of CCSU technologies into the broader energy and environmental policy landscape. \\nMethodology: Through an integrated approach, this study examines the latest technological advancements in CCSU, studies the global regulatory frameworks influencing these technologies, and analyzes the economic factors that drive or obstruct their adoption. It also involves evaluating the role of international cooperation in standardizing and disseminating best practices for CCSU implementations worldwide. \\nFindings: The study highlights the profound impact of legislative and financial mechanisms on the pace and scope of CCSU technology deployment. It discusses the potential of innovative materials and processes to reduce costs and increase the efficacy of carbon capture and storage. Furthermore, the review provides valuable insights into the current state and future prospects of CCSU technologies. \\nUnique contribution to theory, policy and practice: The article emphasizes the necessity of robust research and development, supported by a conducive policy environment and strategic economic incentives, to enhance the efficiency, scalability, and commercial viability of CCSU technologies. It concludes with targeted recommendations for policymakers, suggesting ways to refine regulatory approaches and foster market conditions conducive to rapid CCSU adoption.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.47941/je.1895\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e97568f227bcec233b93cc76b04659564f7461f3\",\n \"result_position\": 72,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":65,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"Samatha, or “focused attention” meditation, involves sustained concentration on a chosen object—often the breath or a visual focus—with the aim of achieving a state of absorption. During advanced stages, individuals may experience reduced distractibility and heightened mental calm"},"query_timestamp":{"kind":"string","value":"2025-06-02T15:19:06.622971+00:00"},"thread_id":{"kind":"string","value":"51a2d5d0e28b8283cfcff41b184ab8411a51f2b023563fac06b58ebe5dbaafd6"},"num_shown":{"kind":"number","value":69,"string":"69"},"num_clicked":{"kind":"number","value":2,"string":"2"},"has_clicks":{"kind":"bool","value":true,"string":"true"},"shown_papers":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"corpus_id":269544533,"title":"Report from a Tibetan Monastery: EEG neural correlates of concentrative and analytical meditation","venue":"Frontiers in Psychology","year":2024,"authors":["B. Neri","A. Callara","N. Vanello","D. Menicucci","A. Zaccaro","A. Piarulli","Marco Laurino","Ngawang Norbu","Jampa Kechok","Ngawang Sherab","A. Gemignani"],"abstract":"The positive effects of meditation on human wellbeing are indisputable, ranging from emotion regulation improvement to stress reduction and present-moment awareness enhancement. Changes in brain activity regulate and support these phenomena. However, the heterogeneity of meditation practices and their cultural background, as well as their poor categorization limit the generalization of results to all types of meditation. Here, we took advantage of a collaboration with the very singular and precious community of the Monks and Geshes of the Tibetan University of Sera-Jey in India to study the neural correlates of the two main types of meditation recognized in Tibetan Buddhism, namely concentrative and analytical meditation. Twenty-three meditators with different levels of expertise underwent to an ecological (i.e., within the monastery) EEG acquisition consisting of an analytical and/or concentrative meditation session at “their best,” and with the only constraint of performing a 5-min-long baseline at the beginning of the session. Time-varying power-spectral-density estimates of each session were compared against the baseline (i.e., within session) and between conditions (i.e., analytical vs. concentrative). Our results showed that concentrative meditation elicited more numerous and marked changes in the EEG power compared to analytical meditation, and mainly in the form of an increase in the theta, alpha and beta frequency ranges. Moreover, the full immersion in the Monastery life allowed to share the results and discuss their interpretation with the best scholars of the Monastic University, ensuring the identification of the most expert meditators, as well as to highlight better the differences between the different types of meditation practiced by each of them.","doi":"10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1348317","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a7b029cc2b1626823e2d24697d9546c0975f161e","result_position":0,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":258122922,"title":"Going beyond Mindfulness: How Concentration and Tranquility Commonly Co-Arising with Mindfulness Account for Mental Health","venue":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","year":2023,"authors":["Ryan M. K. Chan","W. Mak","Ben C. L. Yu"],"abstract":"Concentration and tranquility usually co-arise with mindfulness during mindfulness practice and in daily life and may potentially contribute to mental health; however, they have rarely been studied in empirical research. The present study aimed to examine the relationship of concentration and tranquility with mindfulness and indicators of mental health. With no existing self-report measure assessing concentration and tranquility, the Concentration Scale and Tranquility Scale were first developed and validated. Items were developed based on the extant literature, rated by a group of experts, and selected according to their ratings. Exploratory factor analyses (EFA; n = 384) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA; n = 384) were employed in separate samples of university students and community adults to establish the factor structure of both scales. Their construct validity was established in another similar sample (n = 333) by examining their correlations with variables including (a) concentration-related concepts, (b) tranquility-related concepts, (c) mindfulness-related concepts, and (d) perceived stress and psychological distress. The relationships between concentration, tranquility, mindfulness, perceived stress and psychological distress were then examined by hierarchical multiple regressions, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. A single-factor structure was found by the EFA and confirmed by the CFA for both scales. Concentration and tranquility were significantly and positively associated with (a) attentional control and (b) mindfulness and nonattachment; and negatively associated with (c) irritability and (d) perceived stress and psychological distress. Concentration and tranquility were found to have a significant incremental value over the effect of mindfulness on indicators of mental health. Concentration and tranquility can incrementally explain mental health above and beyond the effect of mindfulness.","doi":"10.3390/ijerph20085470","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1229addc677b5dd9522294057b58db05b6e71346","result_position":1,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":227948837,"title":"The plasticity of well-being: A training-based framework for the cultivation of human flourishing","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","year":2020,"authors":["Cortland J. Dahl","Christine D. Wilson-Mendenhall","R. Davidson"],"abstract":"Research indicates that core dimensions of psychological well-being can be cultivated through intentional mental training. Despite growing research in this area and an increasing number of interventions designed to improve psychological well-being, the field lacks a unifying framework that clarifies the dimensions of human flourishing that can be cultivated. Here, we integrate evidence from well-being research, cognitive and affective neuroscience, and clinical psychology to highlight four core dimensions of well-being—awareness, connection, insight, and purpose. We discuss the importance of each dimension for psychological well-being, identify mechanisms that underlie their cultivation, and present evidence of their neural and psychological plasticity. This synthesis highlights key insights, as well as important gaps, in the scientific understanding of well-being and how it may be cultivated, thus highlighting future research directions.","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2014859117","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a50a0ebb3b01f70c45629c23c730ed0b02faf978","result_position":2,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":235420069,"title":"From many to (n)one:Meditation and the plasticity of the predictive mind.","venue":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews","year":2020,"authors":["Ruben E. Laukkonen","H. Slagter"],"abstract":"How profoundly can humans change their own minds? In this paper we offer a unifying account of deconstructive meditation under the predictive processing view. We start from simple axioms. First, the brain makes predictions based on past experience, both phylogenetic and ontogenetic. Second, deconstructive meditation brings one closer to the here and now by disengaging anticipatory processes. We propose that practicing meditation therefore gradually reduces counterfactual temporally deep cognition, until all conceptual processing falls away, unveiling a state of pure awareness. Our account also places three main styles of meditation (focused attention, open monitoring, and non-dual) on a single continuum, where each technique relinquishes increasingly engrained habits of prediction, including the predicted self. This deconstruction can also permit certain insights by making the above processes available to introspection. Our framework is consistent with the state of empirical and (neuro)phenomenological evidence and illuminates the top-down plasticity of the predictive mind. Experimental rigor, neurophenomenology, and no-report paradigms are needed to further understanding of how meditation affects predictive processing and the self.","doi":"10.31234/osf.io/5sw6m","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c4f7db154e3a4aca16b1de1e28cc9ff056eb02f1","result_position":3,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":38035138,"title":"MEDITATION","venue":"","year":1966,"authors":["T. Dwelle"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1111/j.1526-4610.1966.hed0504129.x","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8d0b94d3d713981d99ef83f69e6b41b452cfa1ba","result_position":4,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":218484376,"title":"Common and distinct lateralised patterns of neural coupling during focused attention, open monitoring and loving kindness meditation","venue":"Scientific Reports","year":2020,"authors":["J. Yordanova","V. Kolev","F. Mauro","V. Nicolardi","Luca Simione","Lucia Calabrese","Manish Kumar Dwivedi","A. Raffone"],"abstract":"Meditation has been integrated into different therapeutic interventions. To inform the evidence-based selection of specific meditation types it is crucial to understand the neural processes associated with different meditation practices. Here we explore commonalities and differences in electroencephalographic oscillatory spatial synchronisation patterns across three important meditation types. Highly experienced meditators engaged in focused attention, open monitoring, and loving kindness meditation. Improving on previous research, our approach avoids comparisons between groups that limited previous findings, while ensuring that the meditation states are reliably established. Employing a novel measure of neural coupling – the imaginary part of EEG coherence – the study revealed that all meditation conditions displayed a common connectivity pattern that is characterised by increased connectivity of (a) broadly distributed delta networks, (b) left-hemispheric theta networks with a local integrating posterior focus, and (c) right-hemispheric alpha networks, with a local integrating parieto-occipital focus. Furthermore, each meditation state also expressed specific synchronisation patterns differentially recruiting left- or right-lateralised beta networks. These observations provide evidence that in addition to global patterns, frequency-specific inter-hemispheric asymmetry is one major feature of meditation, and that mental processes specific to each meditation type are also supported by lateralised networks from fast-frequency bands.","doi":"10.1038/s41598-020-64324-6","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2d39bbbcd8115f94a0ee4afc3bb1ba2a3063a119","result_position":5,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":251274096,"title":"Exploring tranquility: Eastern and Western perspectives","venue":"Frontiers in Psychology","year":2022,"authors":["Vincent Ringgaard Christoffersen","B. Škodlar","M. G. Henriksen"],"abstract":"Although tranquility is a fundamental aspect of human life, the experiential nature of tranquility remains elusive. Traditionally, many philosophical, religious, spiritual, or mystical traditions in East and West have strived to reach tranquil experiences and produced texts serving as manuals to reach them. Yet, no attempt has been made to compare experiences of tranquility and explore what they may have in common. The purpose of this theoretical study is to explore the experiential nature of tranquility. First, we present examples of what we consider some of the most central experiences of tranquility in Eastern and Western traditions. For the sake of simplicity, we sort these examples into four categories based on their experiential focus: the body, emotions, the mind, and mysticism. Second, we offer an exploratory account of tranquility, arguing that the different examples of tranquility seem to share certain experiential features. More specifically, we propose that the shared features pertain both to the content or quality of the tranquil experiences, which involves a sense of presence and inner peace, and to the structure of these experiences, which seems to involve some degree of detachment and absorption.","doi":"10.3389/fpsyg.2022.931827","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/76bb8d93e83939d236f0df69ea920d42e12b7873","result_position":6,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":257032909,"title":"Common and distinct lateralised patterns of neural coupling during focused attention, open monitoring and loving kindness meditation","venue":"Scientific Reports","year":2020,"authors":["J. Yordanova","V. Kolev","F. Mauro","V. Nicolardi","Luca Simione","Lucia Calabrese","Manish Kumar Dwivedi","A. Raffone"],"abstract":"Meditation has been integrated into different therapeutic interventions. To inform the evidence-based selection of specific meditation types it is crucial to understand the neural processes associated with different meditation practices. Here we explore commonalities and differences in electroencephalographic oscillatory spatial synchronisation patterns across three important meditation types. Highly experienced meditators engaged in focused attention, open monitoring, and loving kindness meditation. Improving on previous research, our approach avoids comparisons between groups that limited previous findings, while ensuring that the meditation states are reliably established. Employing a novel measure of neural coupling – the imaginary part of EEG coherence – the study revealed that all meditation conditions displayed a common connectivity pattern that is characterised by increased connectivity of (a) broadly distributed delta networks, (b) left-hemispheric theta networks with a local integrating posterior focus, and (c) right-hemispheric alpha networks, with a local integrating parieto-occipital focus. Furthermore, each meditation state also expressed specific synchronisation patterns differentially recruiting left- or right-lateralised beta networks. These observations provide evidence that in addition to global patterns, frequency-specific inter-hemispheric asymmetry is one major feature of meditation, and that mental processes specific to each meditation type are also supported by lateralised networks from fast-frequency bands.","doi":"10.1038/s41598-020-64324-6","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c1dbc763496d370b2f7334539cea5d64c7bf0510","result_position":7,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":13857183,"title":"Toward a unifying taxonomy and definition for meditation","venue":"Frontiers in Psychology","year":2013,"authors":["Jonathan Nash","A. Newberg","Bhuvanesh Awasthi"],"abstract":"One of the well-documented concerns confronting scholarly discourse about meditation is the plethora of semantic constructs and the lack of a unified definition and taxonomy. In recent years there have been several notable attempts to formulate new lexicons in order to define and categorize meditation methods. While these constructs have been useful and have encountered varying degrees of acceptance, they have also been subject to misinterpretation and debate, leaving the field devoid of a consensual paradigm. This paper attempts to influence this ongoing discussion by proposing two new models which hold the potential for enhanced scientific reliability and acceptance. Regarding the quest for a universally acceptable taxonomy, we suggest a paradigm shift away from the norm of fabricatIng new terminology from a first-person perspective. As an alternative, we propose a new taxonomic system based on the historically well-established and commonly accepted third-person paradigm of Affect and Cognition, borrowed, in part, from the psychological and cognitive sciences. With regard to the elusive definitional problem, we propose a model of meditation which clearly distinguishes “method” from “state” and is conceptualized as a dynamic process which is inclusive of six related but distinct stages. The overall goal is to provide researchers with a reliable nomenclature with which to categorize and classify diverse meditation methods, and a conceptual framework which can provide direction for their research and a theoretical basis for their findings.","doi":"10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00806","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/23f71fc1f5ec04f0196cff2ea8a561a0e9240cad","result_position":8,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":85517130,"title":"Time perception and the experience of agency in meditation and hypnosis","venue":"PsyCh Journal","year":2018,"authors":["P. Lush","Z. Dienes"],"abstract":"Abstract Mindfulness meditation and hypnosis are related in opposing ways to awareness of intentions. The cold control theory of hypnosis proposes that hypnotic responding involves the experience of involuntariness while performing an actually intentional action. Hypnosis therefore relies upon inaccurate metacognition about intentional actions and experiences. Mindfulness meditation centrally involves awareness of intentions and is associated with improved metacognitive access to intentions. Therefore, mindfulness meditators and highly hypnotizable people may lie at opposite ends of a spectrum with regard to metacognitive access to intention‐related information. Here we review the theoretical background and evidence for differences in the metacognition of intentions in these groups, as revealed by chronometric measures of the awareness of voluntary action: the timing of an intention to move (Libet's “W” judgments) and the compressed perception of time between an intentional action and its outcome (“intentional binding”). We review these measures and critically evaluate their proposed connection to the experience of volition and sense of agency.","doi":"10.1002/pchj.276","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c3fc46cbfb5f39f58c57a8ea0de18cf7c3e7bc28","result_position":9,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":244171444,"title":"Overcoming Automaticity Through Meditation","venue":"Mindfulness","year":2021,"authors":["Thomas K. Maran","M. Woźnica","Sebastian Moder","Marco Furtner","Elias Jehle","Stanislaw Hörner","Gregor Hugger"],"abstract":"Meditation practice has recently moved into applied research to improve cognitive functions. However, it is a multifaceted practice, with focused attention meditation relying on a sharp focus, and open monitoring meditation relying on a diffuse awareness. This study aims to assess the effects of differential alterations of cognition following distinct meditative training and focuses on practitioners’ tendency to fall victim to erroneous automaticity in responding when faced with cognitive conflict. Seventy-three individuals were randomly assigned to one of three intervention groups (internally focused attention meditation, externally focused attention meditation, open monitoring meditation) or a wait list control group. The meditation groups were trained over the course of 4 weeks and eight sessions. Changes in proneness to erroneous automatic responding were tested using two cognitive performance tasks that induce learned or instructed automaticity (Dot Pattern Expectancy paradigm, NEXT-paradigm). Overall, meditation training generally improved overcoming learned automaticity (rs = .26–.36, ps = .002–.031) but not instructed automaticity compared to the control condition. Furthermore, data suggest open monitoring outperformed focused attention in overcoming learned automaticity in one task (rs = .31–.56, ps ≤ .001–.009). Our results provide evidence for meditative training to facilitate practitioners’ ability to select the most appropriate course of action against overlearned habits in light of the peculiarities of their current situation. Open monitoring meditation is a particularly promising avenue for reducing one’s liability to erroneous habits.","doi":"10.1007/s12671-021-01749-8","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2757680306305f77a1fbaa35b7d30eae9612d332","result_position":10,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":781364,"title":"Meditation and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction","venue":"Journal of the American Heart Association : Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease","year":2017,"authors":["G. Levine","R. Lange","C. Bairey-Merz","R. Davidson","K. Jamerson","P. Mehta","E. Michos","Keith C. Norris","I. Ray","Karen L. Saban","Tina Shah","R. Stein","Sidney C. Smith"],"abstract":"Abstract Despite numerous advances in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Novel and inexpensive interventions that can contribute to the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease are of interest. Numerous studies have reported on the benefits of meditation. Meditation instruction and practice is widely accessible and inexpensive and may thus be a potential attractive cost‐effective adjunct to more traditional medical therapies. Accordingly, this American Heart Association scientific statement systematically reviewed the data on the potential benefits of meditation on cardiovascular risk. Neurophysiological and neuroanatomical studies demonstrate that meditation can have long‐standing effects on the brain, which provide some biological plausibility for beneficial consequences on the physiological basal state and on cardiovascular risk. Studies of the effects of meditation on cardiovascular risk have included those investigating physiological response to stress, smoking cessation, blood pressure reduction, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, endothelial function, inducible myocardial ischemia, and primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Overall, studies of meditation suggest a possible benefit on cardiovascular risk, although the overall quality and, in some cases, quantity of study data are modest. Given the low costs and low risks of this intervention, meditation may be considered as an adjunct to guideline‐directed cardiovascular risk reduction by those interested in this lifestyle modification, with the understanding that the benefits of such intervention remain to be better established. Further research on meditation and cardiovascular risk is warranted. Such studies, to the degree possible, should utilize randomized study design, be adequately powered to meet the primary study outcome, strive to achieve low drop‐out rates, include long‐term follow‐up, and be performed by those without inherent bias in outcome.","doi":"10.1161/JAHA.117.002218","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/808f46b8d6ba9f88c2da482eb9f67982328aff1e","result_position":11,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":211260220,"title":"Exploring the Use of Meditation as a Valuable Tool to Counteract Sedentariness","venue":"Frontiers in Psychology","year":2020,"authors":["M. Bigliassi","R. Bertuzzi"],"abstract":"Some forms of meditation have been recently proposed as effective tools to facilitate the handling of undesired thoughts and reappraisal of negative emotions that commonly arise during exercise-related situations. The effects of meditation-based interventions on psychological responses could also be used as a means by which to increase exercise adherence and counteract the detrimental consequences of sedentariness. In the present article, we briefly describe the effects of meditation on physical activity and related factors. We also propose a theoretical model as a means by which to further understanding of the effects of meditation on psychological, psychophysical, and psychophysiological responses during exercise. The results of very recent studies in the realms of cognitive and affective psychology are promising. The putative psychological mechanisms underlying the effects of meditation on exercise appear to be associated with the interpretation of interoceptive and exteroceptive sensory signals. This is primarily due to the fact that meditation influences the cerebral processing of physical sensations, emotions, and thoughts. In such instances, the bodily and perceptual responses that are commonly reported during exercise might be assuaged during the practice of meditation. It also appears that conscious presence and self-compassion function as an emotional backdrop against which more complex behaviors can be forged. In such instances, re-engagement to physical activity programs can be more effectively achieved through the implementation of holistic methods to treat the body and mind. The comments provided in the present paper might have very important implications for exercise adherence and the treatment of hypokinetic diseases.","doi":"10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00299","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0385750dc860392bc1b06fc26a3f21a3721e3479","result_position":12,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":201980800,"title":"The neural mechanisms of mindfulness-based pain relief: a functional magnetic resonance imaging-based review and primer","venue":"PAIN Reports","year":2019,"authors":["F. Zeidan","J. Baumgartner","R. Coghill"],"abstract":"Abstract The advent of neuroimaging methodologies, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), has significantly advanced our understanding of the neurophysiological processes supporting a wide spectrum of mind–body approaches to treat pain. A promising self-regulatory practice, mindfulness meditation, reliably alleviates experimentally induced and clinical pain. Yet, the neural mechanisms supporting mindfulness-based pain relief remain poorly characterized. The present review delineates evidence from a spectrum of fMRI studies showing that the neural mechanisms supporting mindfulness-induced pain attenuation differ across varying levels of meditative experience. After brief mindfulness-based mental training (ie, less than 10 hours of practice), mindfulness-based pain relief is associated with higher order (orbitofrontal cortex and rostral anterior cingulate cortex) regulation of low-level nociceptive neural targets (thalamus and primary somatosensory cortex), suggesting an engagement of unique, reappraisal mechanisms. By contrast, mindfulness-based pain relief after extensive training (greater than 1000 hours of practice) is associated with deactivation of prefrontal and greater activation of somatosensory cortical regions, demonstrating an ability to reduce appraisals of arising sensory events. We also describe recent findings showing that higher levels of dispositional mindfulness, in meditation-naïve individuals, are associated with lower pain and greater deactivation of the posterior cingulate cortex, a neural mechanism implicated in self-referential processes. A brief fMRI primer is presented describing appropriate steps and considerations to conduct studies combining mindfulness, pain, and fMRI. We postulate that the identification of the active analgesic neural substrates involved in mindfulness can be used to inform the development and optimization of behavioral therapies to specifically target pain, an important consideration for the ongoing opioid and chronic pain epidemic.","doi":"10.1097/PR9.0000000000000759","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/61aec2935780e8101570c8d8fe3bf5d20cb160b6","result_position":13,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":278391876,"title":"The individual and sequential effect of focused attention and open monitoring meditation on mindfulness skills","venue":"PLoS ONE","year":2025,"authors":["Haruyuki Ishikawa","Toshizumi Muta","Tetsuri Abe","Nozomi Imajo","F. Koshikawa"],"abstract":"Mindfulness meditation has two components: focused attention (FA) meditation and open-monitoring (OM) meditation. Based on traditional Buddhist principles, it is recommended that FA meditation be practiced prior to OM meditation. However, the influence of the order in which these meditations are practiced on the efficacy of interventions has not yet been empirically investigated. This study examined the effects of the order of FA and OM meditation on the level and process of acquiring mindfulness skills. Thirty-three Japanese undergraduate and graduate students who were meditation novices completed the intervention. Participants were assigned to three groups: the group practicing 4-week FA meditation prior to 4-week OM meditation (FA-OM group), the group practicing meditation in reverse order (OM-FA group), and the wait-list control group. Each meditation training session consisted of one 1-hour group session per week and a 15-min daily homework. All participants were assessed for trait mindfulness once a week. The results showed that the FA-OM group scored higher than the control group for most mindfulness skills. In addition, awareness, describing, acceptance, and observing skills increased earlier in the FA-OM group than in the OM-FA group. However, the skill of staying aware at the present moment increased earlier in the OM-FA group than in the FA-OM group. These results suggest that the order of practicing the two meditations primarily influences the process of acquiring mindfulness skills rather than the level of skills, and that it is reasonable to practice FA meditation prior to OM meditation to cultivate mindfulness skills for novices.","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0322537","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6172691c897cfaf5f6c1efeef515ab931a2866d4","result_position":14,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":149818261,"title":"Dynamic and Static Models of Body-Mind Approaches from Neurobiological Perspectives","venue":"Neuroethics in Principle and Praxis - Conceptual Foundations","year":2018,"authors":["Shoichi Shiota","M. Nomura"],"abstract":"Body-mind approaches (e.g., yoga, mindfulness meditation, Pilates method, and cognitive behavior therapy) are commonly used by the public today. However, the comprehensive neurobiological framework of effects of body-mind approaches is unknown. To begin, we discuss the dynamic and static models of each body-mind approaches from neurobiological perspectives, as well as from the standpoint of practical issues. By the dynamic components of body-mind approaches, people enhances meta-cognitive function, and it lead to decreases in avoidance behavior in social aversive context are suggested. On the other hand, it is assumed that static components of body-mind approaches enhance non-reactive monitoring function for baseline of self. Therefore, we discuss the implications of these findings for practitioners and for future research on body-mind researchers. Additionally, this chapter covers the essential ethical guidelines of body-mind approaches within the domain of medical or educational fields.","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81397","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/843695216ee44ee7cddd2d94530c629f850805b7","result_position":15,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":12150603,"title":"Mind wandering and attention during focused meditation: A fine-grained temporal analysis of fluctuating cognitive states","venue":"NeuroImage","year":2012,"authors":["W. Hasenkamp","Christine D. Wilson-Mendenhall","Erica Duncan","L. Barsalou"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.07.008","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bd502282af096df92a6ac10c0cd1403b17de0d20","result_position":16,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":231874583,"title":"Is a meditation retreat the better vacation? effect of retreats and vacations on fatigue, emotional well-being, and acting with awareness.","venue":"PLoS ONE","year":2021,"authors":["G. Blasche","Jessica deBloom","A. Chang","Otto Pichlhoefer"],"abstract":"It is well established that leisure vacations markedly improve well-being, but that these effects are only of short duration. The present study aimed to investigate whether vacation effects would be more lasting if individuals practiced meditation during the leisure episode. Meditation is known to improve well-being durably, among others, by enhancing the mental faculty of mindfulness. In this aim, leisure vacations during which individuals practiced meditation to some extent were compared with holidays not including any formal meditation practice as well as with meditation retreats (characterized by intense meditation practice) utilizing a naturalistic observational design. Fatigue, well-being, and mindfulness were assessed ten days before, ten days after, and ten weeks after the stays in a sample of 120 individuals accustomed to meditation practices. To account for differences in the experience of these stays, recovery experiences were additionally assessed. Ten days after the stay, there were no differences except for an increase in mindfulness for those practicing meditation. Ten weeks after the stay, meditation retreats and vacations including meditation were associated with greater increases in mindfulness, lower levels of fatigue, and higher levels of well-being than an \"ordinary\" vacation during which meditation was not practiced. The finding suggests that the inclusion of meditation practice during vacation could help alleviate vacations' greatest pitfall, namely the rapid decline of its positive effects.","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0246038","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cb5ef4c7400053b450854f41cc46974a025472fd","result_position":17,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":245505273,"title":"Effect of Brief Focused Attention Meditation on Theory of Mind","venue":"International Journal of Indian Psychology","year":2017,"authors":["Piyush","Pankaj Srivastava","Harvinder Pal Singh","Arun Garg"],"abstract":"Background: The ability to infer and understand the mental states of others termed as Theory of Mind, is an intrinsic part of social interaction. Most efforts have been made to study disorders related to ToM i.e. depletion in ToM and considerably less is known about variables that may enhance ToM. Further, effects of meditation have been studied extensively in domains of Attention and Emotional regulation, yet only few studies have studied effect of meditation on ToM. In current study, brief intervention methodology was used to access effects of meditative practice on Theory of Mind. Two groups were formed, first group consisted of subject who were treated with a particular type of meditation termed as Focused Attention meditation and second group was treated with a pseudo meditation. Treatment used was of 20-minute duration in both groups and subjects of both groups were without any prior long term experience in any form of meditation. Result: After that subject self-reported mindfulness, attention and awareness via MAAS- state scale and then participated in a ToM experiment called YONI task, to access any changes in their ability to do ToM, for both cognitive ToM and affective ToM. The results indicated that brief Focused Attention meditation enhanced both Cognitive ToM and Affective ToM.","doi":"10.25215/0402.142","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/850953d25018f9f42b15b26cd2b080b9b87ab69f","result_position":18,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":4627185,"title":"Arousal vs. Relaxation: A Comparison of the Neurophysiological and Cognitive Correlates of Vajrayana and Theravada Meditative Practices","venue":"PLoS ONE","year":2014,"authors":["I. Amihai","M. Kozhevnikov"],"abstract":"Based on evidence of parasympathetic activation, early studies defined meditation as a relaxation response. Later research attempted to categorize meditation as either involving focused or distributed attentional systems. Neither of these hypotheses received strong empirical support, and most of the studies investigated Theravada style meditative practices. In this study, we compared neurophysiological (EEG, EKG) and cognitive correlates of meditative practices that are thought to utilize either focused or distributed attention, from both Theravada and Vajrayana traditions. The results of Study 1 show that both focused (Shamatha) and distributed (Vipassana) attention meditations of the Theravada tradition produced enhanced parasympathetic activation indicative of a relaxation response. In contrast, both focused (Deity) and distributed (Rig-pa) meditations of the Vajrayana tradition produced sympathetic activation, indicative of arousal. Additionally, the results of Study 2 demonstrated an immediate dramatic increase in performance on cognitive tasks following only Vajrayana styles of meditation, indicating enhanced phasic alertness due to arousal. Furthermore, our EEG results showed qualitatively different patterns of activation between Theravada and Vajrayana meditations, albeit highly similar activity between meditations within the same tradition. In conclusion, consistent with Tibetan scriptures that described Shamatha and Vipassana techniques as those that calm and relax the mind, and Vajrayana techniques as those that require ‘an awake quality’ of the mind, we show that Theravada and Vajrayana meditations are based on different neurophysiological mechanisms, which give rise to either a relaxation or arousal response. Hence, it may be more appropriate to categorize meditations in terms of relaxation vs. arousal, whereas classification methods that rely on the focused vs. distributed attention dichotomy may need to be reexamined.","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0102990","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/74ad1f7d40f791a04bf5e14fc431affe5032afef","result_position":19,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":6295090,"title":"The effect of focused attention and open monitoring meditation on attention network function in healthy volunteers.","venue":"Psychiatry Research","year":2013,"authors":["B. Ainsworth","Rachael Eddershaw","D. Meron","D. Baldwin","M. Garner"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.psychres.2013.09.002","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5f1f12015d55c51764be27df92de175d2de8ee0d","result_position":20,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":144183097,"title":"Self, Performativity and Vipassana Meditation: Some Theoretical Considerations","venue":"","year":2010,"authors":["António Carvalho"],"abstract":"The present proliferation of alternative and non-western practices challenges the way how modern selves are enacted, the distinction between ancient and contemporary, and obliges us to rethink the ways our bodies and minds are produced. By mingling the care of the self and self knowledge, some technologies of the self offer interesting paths to redefine and change our selves, questioning the hegemony of Science and Technology as the only way to operate a radical transformation of the human condition. I propose, through this article, an ontological and performative conception of vipassana meditation, faithful to the performative idiom of Science and Technology Studies, but recognizing its limitations to talk about selves and non-western practices. Performativity, here, is not understood as some naif nostalgia of pre-representational realism – it rather explores the substantial nature of practice (and ritual), questioning ontological determination and carrying anthropological and political implications.","doi":"10.4000/ECES.445","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a91fda0105195e735ed607fad5b9ff2e45e05e9c","result_position":21,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":7326456,"title":"Potential self-regulatory mechanisms of yoga for psychological health","venue":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","year":2014,"authors":["T. Gard","J. J. Noggle","Crystal L. Park","David R. Vago","Angela Wilson"],"abstract":"Research suggesting the beneficial effects of yoga on myriad aspects of psychological health has proliferated in recent years, yet there is currently no overarching framework by which to understand yoga’s potential beneficial effects. Here we provide a theoretical framework and systems-based network model of yoga that focuses on integration of top-down and bottom-up forms of self-regulation. We begin by contextualizing yoga in historical and contemporary settings, and then detail how specific components of yoga practice may affect cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and autonomic output under stress through an emphasis on interoception and bottom-up input, resulting in physical and psychological health. The model describes yoga practice as a comprehensive skillset of synergistic process tools that facilitate bidirectional feedback and integration between high- and low-level brain networks, and afferent and re-afferent input from interoceptive processes (somatosensory, viscerosensory, chemosensory). From a predictive coding perspective we propose a shift to perceptual inference for stress modulation and optimal self-regulation. We describe how the processes that sub-serve self-regulation become more automatized and efficient over time and practice, requiring less effort to initiate when necessary and terminate more rapidly when no longer needed. To support our proposed model, we present the available evidence for yoga affecting self-regulatory pathways, integrating existing constructs from behavior theory and cognitive neuroscience with emerging yoga and meditation research. This paper is intended to guide future basic and clinical research, specifically targeting areas of development in the treatment of stress-mediated psychological disorders.","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2014.00770","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e0b79061a79a81e3373ee3bc907ef7a18ac7f3c0","result_position":22,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":18323124,"title":"A week-long meditation retreat decouples behavioral measures of the alerting and executive attention networks","venue":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","year":2014,"authors":["James C. Elliott","B. A. Wallace","B. Giesbrecht"],"abstract":"Previous studies have examined the influence of meditation on three functionally different components of attention: executive control, alerting, and orienting. These studies have consistently found that meditation training improves both executive attention and alerting, but there has not been a consistent and clear effect of meditation training on orienting. In addition, while previous studies have shown that the functional coupling of the alerting and executive networks increases the processing of task irrelevant stimuli, it is unknown if participating in a meditation retreat can decouple these components of attention and lead to improved performance. The current study investigated the influence of a week-long intensive meditation retreat on three components of attention by randomly assigning participants to either pre- or postretreat testing groups. A modified attention network test (ANT) was used. Executive attention was measured as the difference in response time (RT) between congruent and incongruent task irrelevant flankers (conflict effect). Reflexive and volitional orienting were measured by manipulating cue validity and stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA). The coupling of executive attention and alerting was measured by examining flanker interference as a function of the SOA of an alerting cue. The meditation retreat improved task based indices of executive attention, but not reflexive or volitional orienting. There was clear behavioral evidence of coupling between executive attention and alerting in the preretreat group, as the conflict effect peaked when an alerting cue was presented 300 ms before the target. Importantly, there was no increase in the conflict effect for the postretreat group. This is consistent with the notion that the retreat decoupled the executive and alerting networks. These results suggest that previously reported improvements in the executive and alerting networks after meditation training might be mediated by the same underlying mechanism.","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2014.00069","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9106cd3a272e84e18973578cb2ea9da90b793cfd","result_position":23,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":274506258,"title":"Dynamic brain states underlying advanced concentrative absorption meditation: A 7-T fMRI-intensive case study","venue":"Network Neuroscience","year":2024,"authors":["Isaac N. Treves","Winson F. Z. Yang","Terje Sparby","M. Sacchet"],"abstract":"Abstract Advanced meditation consists of states and stages of practice that unfold with mastery and time. Dynamic functional connectivity (DFC) analysis of fMRI could identify brain states underlying advanced meditation. We conducted an intensive DFC case study of a meditator who completed 27 runs of jhāna advanced absorptive concentration meditation (ACAM-J), concurrently with 7-T fMRI and phenomenological reporting. We identified three brain states that marked differences between ACAM-J and nonmeditative control conditions. These states were characterized as a DMN-anticorrelated brain state, a hyperconnected brain state, and a sparsely connected brain state. Our analyses indicate higher prevalence of the DMN-anticorrelated brain state during ACAM-J than control states, and the prevalence increased significantly with deeper ACAM-J states. The hyperconnected brain state was also more common during ACAM-J and was characterized by elevated thalamocortical connectivity and somatomotor network connectivity. The hyperconnected brain state significantly decreased over the course of ACAM-J, associating with self-reports of wider attention and diminished physical sensations. This brain state may be related to sensory awareness. Advanced meditators have developed well-honed abilities to move in and out of different altered states of consciousness, and this study provides initial evidence that functional neuroimaging can objectively track their dynamics.","doi":"10.1162/netn_a_00432","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a303903fa5f79fa762702432e8a6cb65182168b8","result_position":24,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":237158368,"title":"Developing our students' level of mindfulness during these unprecedented times","venue":"Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice","year":2020,"authors":["P. Reilly"],"abstract":"The pandemic has provoked disruptions in students' lives and studies worldwide, which has caused them to feel moderate to high levels of anxiety and stress. Universities have responded by offering online counseling and communicating self-help recommendations via their websites. Curiously, the role that professors could play to reduce this emotional hardship has been ignored in the literature. This instructional paper describes how and why three professors in Mexico include a brief, daily mindful practice in class to help their students cope with the negative emotions that may arise. Psychological and educational research has indicated that the development of mindfulness reduces emotional pain and increases one’s sense of well-being. Importantly, the focused-attention meditation described herein does not require an experienced mediator. A script to guide the practice is being used by the three professors, and could serve as a starting point for willing professors. Educators may also discover that the practice improves academic achievement because it activates executive functions (e.g. inhibitory control; working memory), thereby enhancing cognitive functioning. The paper also presents several practical implications involved with the practice, as well as initial reactions from professors and students.","doi":"10.53761/1.17.5.20","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/343a7e8e37f5db5fac8bb18331480469023a38dc","result_position":25,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":274446563,"title":"Integrated phenomenology and brain connectivity demonstrate changes in nonlinear processing in jhana advanced meditation","venue":"bioRxiv","year":2024,"authors":["Ruby M. Potash","Sean D. van Mil","Mar Estarellas","Andrés Canales-Johnson","M. Sacchet"],"abstract":"We present a neurophenomenological case study investigating distinct neural connectivity regimes during an advanced concentrative absorption meditation called jhana (ACAM-J),characterized by highly-stable attention and mental absorption. Using EEG recordings and phenomenological ratings (29 sessions) from a meditator with +20,000 hours of practice, we evaluated connectivity metrics tracking distinct large-scale neural interactions: nonlinear (WSMI and Directed Information), capturing non-oscillatory dynamics; and linear (WPLI) connectivity metrics, capturing oscillatory synchrony. Results demonstrate ACAM-J are better distinguished by non-oscillatory compared to oscillatory dynamics across multiple frequency ranges. Furthermore, combining attention-related phenomenological ratings with WSMI improves Bayesian decoding of ACAM-J compared to neural metrics alone. Crucially, deeper ACAM-J indicate an equalization of feedback and feedforward processes, suggesting a balance of internally- and externally-driven information processing. The results from this intensively sampled case study are a promising initial step in revealing the distinct neural dynamics during ACAM-J, offering insights into refined conscious states and highlighting the value of nonlinear neurophenomenological approaches to studying attentional states.","doi":"10.1101/2024.11.29.626048","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/be219337f032f9fd5855e1b718de91b5bb8dfb88","result_position":26,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":204811481,"title":"PROMISE: A Model of Insight and Equanimity as the Key Effects of Mindfulness Meditation","venue":"Frontiers in Psychology","year":2019,"authors":["Juliane Eberth","P. Sedlmeier","Thomas Schäfer"],"abstract":"In a comprehensive meta-analysis on the effects of mindfulness meditation, Eberth and Sedlmeier (2012) identified a multitude of positive effects that covered a wide range of psychological variables, such as heightened mindfulness as measured through contemporary mindfulness scales, reduced negative emotions, increased positive emotions, changes in self-concept, enhanced attention, perception, and wellbeing, improved interpersonal abilities, and a reduction of negative personality traits. The present research aimed at developing and testing a comprehensive model explaining the wide range of mindfulness meditation effects and their temporal and causal relationships. In Study 1, interviews with meditators at different levels of experience were analyzed using a grounded theory procedure. The resulting model was triangulated and refined by concepts from both Western research and ancient Buddhist scriptures. The model developed highlights equanimity (reduction in emotional reactivity) and insight (alteration of cognitions) as the two key effects of mindfulness meditation that eventually lead to increased wellbeing. The model was pilot-tested with a large sample of meditators and non-meditators in Study 2. Data showed an acceptable fit with the model and indicated that meditators and non-meditators score significantly differently on the model’s core categories.","doi":"10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02389","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/655b3de667725deb16bb231ec7200f72ef98f693","result_position":27,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":13954992,"title":"Issues and Perspectives in Meditation Research: In Search for a Definition","venue":"Front. Psychology","year":2013,"authors":["Bhuvanesh Awasthi"],"abstract":"Despite the growing interest in the neurobiological correlates of meditation, most research has omitted to take into account the underlying philosophical aspects of meditation and its wider implications. This, in turn, is reflected in issues surrounding definition, study design, and outcomes. Here, I highlight the often ignored but important aspect of definition in the existing scholarship on neuroscience and meditation practice. For a satisfactory account of a neuroscience of meditation, we must aim to retrieve an operational definition that is inclusive of a traditional ontological description as well as the modern neurocognitive account of the phenomena. Moving beyond examining the effects of meditation practice, to take a potential step forward in the direction to establish how meditation works, it becomes crucial to appraise the philosophical positions that underlie the phenomenology of meditation in the originating traditions. This endeavor may challenge our intuitions and concepts in either directions, but issues pertaining to definition, design, and validity of response measures are extremely important for the evolution of the field and will provide a much-needed context and framework for meditation based interventions.","doi":"10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00613","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b77c7e37577e08a355030eecfc34347776034218","result_position":28,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":6681566,"title":"Effects of Meditation Experience on Functional Connectivity of Distributed Brain Networks","venue":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","year":2012,"authors":["W. Hasenkamp","L. Barsalou"],"abstract":"This study sought to examine the effect of meditation experience on brain networks underlying cognitive actions employed during contemplative practice. In a previous study, we proposed a basic model of naturalistic cognitive fluctuations that occur during the practice of focused attention meditation. This model specifies four intervals in a cognitive cycle: mind wandering (MW), awareness of MW, shifting of attention, and sustained attention. Using subjective input from experienced practitioners during meditation, we identified activity in salience network regions during awareness of MW and executive network regions during shifting and sustained attention. Brain regions associated with the default mode were active during MW. In the present study, we reasoned that repeated activation of attentional brain networks over years of practice may induce lasting functional connectivity changes within relevant circuits. To investigate this possibility, we created seeds representing the networks that were active during the four phases of the earlier study, and examined functional connectivity during the resting state in the same participants. Connectivity maps were then contrasted between participants with high vs. low meditation experience. Participants with more meditation experience exhibited increased connectivity within attentional networks, as well as between attentional regions and medial frontal regions. These neural relationships may be involved in the development of cognitive skills, such as maintaining attention and disengaging from distraction, that are often reported with meditation practice. Furthermore, because altered connectivity of brain regions in experienced meditators was observed in a non-meditative (resting) state, this may represent a transference of cognitive abilities “off the cushion” into daily life.","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2012.00038","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0df0c3ec65fb5d73a4e7e0964f4913e08fda27ca","result_position":29,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":226949017,"title":"Effect of Brief Open Monitoring Mindfulness Mediation on Theory of Mind","venue":"","year":2016,"authors":["P. Parimoo","Shivani Sharma","Navneet Chopra"],"abstract":"Background: The ability to infer and understand the mental states of others termed as Theory of Mind, is an intrinsic part of social interaction. Most efforts have been made to study disorders related to ToM i.e. depletion in ToM and considerably less is known about variables that may enhance ToM. Further, effects of meditation have been studied extensively in domains of Attention and Emotional regulation, yet only few studies have studied effect of meditation on ToM. In current study, brief intervention methodology was used to access effects of meditative practice on Theory of Mind. Two groups were formed, first group consisted of subject who were treated with a particular type of meditation termed as mindfulness or mindful mediation or open-monitoring mindfulness mediation and second group was treated with a pseudo meditation. Treatment used was of 20-minute duration in both groups and subjects of both groups were without any prior long term experience in any form of meditation. Result: After that subject participated in a ToM experiment called YONI task, to access any changes in their ability to do ToM, for both cognitive ToM and affective ToM. The results indicated that brief OM mindfulness meditation enhanced both Cognitive ToM and Affective ToM.","doi":"10.25215/0304.100","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bf714c3087920adc184b9018b3bde47192fd9ead","result_position":30,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":250534254,"title":"Direct comparisons between hypnosis and meditation: A mini-review","venue":"Frontiers in Psychology","year":2022,"authors":["G. Penazzi","Nicola De Pisapia"],"abstract":"Hypnosis and meditation share phenomenological and neurophysiological features, and their comparison is a topic of growing interest in the scientific literature. In this article, we review a classification of these two kinds of non-ordinary states of consciousness, and discuss the studies that directly compare them. Some findings seem to suggest that hypnosis and meditation are distinct phenomena, while others underline their similarities, but experiments that directly contrast them are still scarce and no consensus has been reached yet. While this comparison could give us fundamental insights into central issues concerning the role of attention, metacognition and executive control in the study of consciousness, it is clear that we are still at the early stages of this research.","doi":"10.3389/fpsyg.2022.958185","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7a5f3c70a753284f1f6d25527b19bae2421a0f9e","result_position":31,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":56017771,"title":"Mindfulness and Self-deliverance to Pure Presence","venue":"","year":2016,"authors":["A. Ule"],"abstract":"In the contemporary (Western) literature on mindfulness many authors present it as only a mental practice, which may bring one to a more successful and effective working of the mind, as well as different kinds of mental concentration. However, at least in part of Buddhist literature mindfulness is taken as an inseparable part of the Eightfold Way, and not as a means to achieve a separate mental aim. Another important emphasis of Mahayana Buddhism is that mindfulness does not aim at something new, but instead leads our awareness towards a deeper origin, which has already been present with us. While the initial form of mindfulness clings to various methods and achievements, the higher form lies bare in the present moment, always ready to reveal itself. When we are ready to let go of all that we achieve and do, we can surrender our being to the here and now.","doi":"10.4312/AS.2016.4.2.85-94","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/06321c370c4dea6adadcbbd3c7a44efec3367796","result_position":32,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":3867471,"title":"Controlling the Temporal Structure of Brain Oscillations by Focused Attention Meditation","venue":"Human Brain Mapping","year":2018,"authors":["M. Irrmischer","Simon J. Houtman","H. Mansvelder","M. Tremmel","U. Ott","K. Linkenkaer-Hansen"],"abstract":"Our focus of attention naturally fluctuates between different sources of information even when we desire to focus on a single object. Focused attention (FA) meditation is associated with greater control over this process, yet the neuronal mechanisms underlying this ability are not entirely understood. Here, we hypothesize that the capacity of attention to transiently focus and swiftly change relates to the critical dynamics emerging when neuronal systems balance at a point of instability between order and disorder. In FA meditation, however, the ability to stay focused is trained, which may be associated with a more homogeneous brain state. To test this hypothesis, we applied analytical tools from criticality theory to EEG in meditation practitioners and meditation‐naïve participants from two independent labs. We show that in practitioners—but not in controls—FA meditation strongly suppressed long‐range temporal correlations (LRTC) of neuronal oscillations relative to eyes‐closed rest with remarkable consistency across frequency bands and scalp locations. The ability to reduce LRTC during meditation increased after one year of additional training and was associated with the subjective experience of fully engaging one's attentional resources, also known as absorption. Sustained practice also affected normal waking brain dynamics as reflected in increased LRTC during an eyes‐closed rest state, indicating that brain dynamics are altered beyond the meditative state. Taken together, our findings suggest that the framework of critical brain dynamics is promising for understanding neuronal mechanisms of meditative states and, specifically, we have identified a clear electrophysiological correlate of the FA meditation state.","doi":"10.1002/hbm.23971","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b8a1eac80b43d2a21365c08484ed4b3757b1b329","result_position":33,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":233450336,"title":"Contrasting Electroencephalography-Derived Entropy and Neural Oscillations With Highly Skilled Meditators","venue":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","year":2021,"authors":["J. Young","M. Arterberry","Joshua P. Martin"],"abstract":"Meditation is an umbrella term for a number of mental training practices designed to improve the monitoring and regulation of attention and emotion. Some forms of meditation are now being used for clinical intervention. To accompany the increased clinical interest in meditation, research investigating the neural basis of these practices is needed. A central hypothesis of contemplative neuroscience is that meditative states, which are unique on a phenomenological level, differ on a neurophysiological level. To identify the electrophysiological correlates of meditation practice, the electrical brain activity of highly skilled meditators engaging in one of six meditation styles (shamatha, vipassana, zazen, dzogchen, tonglen, and visualization) was recorded. A mind-wandering task served as a control. Lempel–Ziv complexity showed differences in nonlinear brain dynamics (entropy) during meditation compared with mind wandering, suggesting that meditation, regardless of practice, affects neural complexity. In contrast, there were no differences in power spectra at six different frequency bands, likely due to the fact that participants engaged in different meditation practices. Finally, exploratory analyses suggest neurological differences among meditation practices. These findings highlight the importance of studying the electroencephalography (EEG) correlates of different meditative practices.","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2021.628417","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/29daf2e509274a49ce472325a759d65ac28558f6","result_position":34,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":3015768,"title":"The meeting of meditative disciplines and Western psychology: a mutually enriching dialogue.","venue":"American Psychologist","year":2006,"authors":["R. Walsh","S. Shapiro"],"abstract":"Meditation is now one of the most enduring, widespread, and researched of all psychotherapeutic methods. However, to date the meeting of the meditative disciplines and Western psychology has been marred by significant misunderstandings and by an assimilative integration in which much of the richness and uniqueness of meditation and its psychologies and philosophies have been overlooked. Also overlooked have been their major implications for an understanding of such central psychological issues as cognition and attention, mental training and development, health and pathology, and psychological capacities and potentials. Investigating meditative traditions with greater cultural and conceptual sensitivity opens the possibility of a mutual enrichment of both the meditative traditions and Western psychology, with far-reaching benefits for both.","doi":"10.1037/0003-066X.61.3.227","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b95d6313f3c9091dd42ac150a389a6a1603e9f6f","result_position":35,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":16189318,"title":"Self-awareness, self-regulation, and self-transcendence (S-ART): a framework for understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of mindfulness","venue":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","year":2012,"authors":["David R. Vago","D. Silbersweig"],"abstract":"Mindfulness—as a state, trait, process, type of meditation, and intervention has proven to be beneficial across a diverse group of psychological disorders as well as for general stress reduction. Yet, there remains a lack of clarity in the operationalization of this construct, and underlying mechanisms. Here, we provide an integrative theoretical framework and systems-based neurobiological model that explains the mechanisms by which mindfulness reduces biases related to self-processing and creates a sustainable healthy mind. Mindfulness is described through systematic mental training that develops meta-awareness (self-awareness), an ability to effectively modulate one's behavior (self-regulation), and a positive relationship between self and other that transcends self-focused needs and increases prosocial characteristics (self-transcendence). This framework of self-awareness, -regulation, and -transcendence (S-ART) illustrates a method for becoming aware of the conditions that cause (and remove) distortions or biases. The development of S-ART through meditation is proposed to modulate self-specifying and narrative self-networks through an integrative fronto-parietal control network. Relevant perceptual, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral neuropsychological processes are highlighted as supporting mechanisms for S-ART, including intention and motivation, attention regulation, emotion regulation, extinction and reconsolidation, prosociality, non-attachment, and decentering. The S-ART framework and neurobiological model is based on our growing understanding of the mechanisms for neurocognition, empirical literature, and through dismantling the specific meditation practices thought to cultivate mindfulness. The proposed framework will inform future research in the contemplative sciences and target specific areas for development in the treatment of psychological disorders.","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2012.00296","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/acffcfd9d318643de8833c42ec543fa3893df2ab","result_position":36,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":276793704,"title":"The impact of meditation on sustained attention in nonclinical population: An extensive review","venue":"Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine","year":2025,"authors":["Abinash Roy","P. Subramanya"],"abstract":"Background Meditation, encompassing focussed attention (FA) and open monitoring (OM) approaches, is recognised for its potential to enhance cognitive functions. Sustained attention, a critical component of attentional processes, influences cognitive capacity and is linked to meditation benefits. However, a robust and extensive review analysis needs to address the specific relationship between meditation and sustained attention in nonclinical populations. Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, the authors reviewed English articles published from 2013 to 2023 in Q1 SCOPUS-indexed journals. Inclusion criteria comprised original research studies exploring the impact of meditation on sustained attention in healthy individuals. The modified Jadad Scale assessed methodological quality. Results 12 studies (four RCTs, eight non-RCTs) with 1447 participants were included. Concentrative or FA meditation demonstrated consistent positive effects on sustained attention, including reduced perceived stress and increased focussed attention. OM meditation significantly improved sustained attention, as evidenced by reduced mind wandering and enhanced N2 responses. Meditators consistently outperformed non-meditators in sustained attention tasks, demonstrating faster reactions and lower error rates. Discussion This review explored the impact of meditation on sustained attention across diverse non-clinical populations through 12 investigations involving 1447 subjects with meditation interventions spanning from 21 days to 3 months. The study revealed that both FA and OM meditation approaches positively impact sustained attention, highlighting their potential role in enhancing cognitive function. Meditators consistently exhibited superior sustained attention abilities, suggesting the cognitive benefits of regular meditation practice. The findings of this study are consistent with prior research, contributing to the growing body of knowledge on the advantageous impacts of meditation on sustained attention. However, caution is needed in generalizing findings due to study limitations. Future research should use standardized methodologies and conduct longer-term follow-ups to better elucidate the effects of meditation interventions on sustained attention across diverse populations.","doi":"10.1016/j.jaim.2024.101057","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5aa5cb260be87dafdb8bf3bdaed5eaaa8945339f","result_position":37,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":15984422,"title":"Mental Training Enhances Attentional Stability: Neural and Behavioral Evidence","venue":"Journal of Neuroscience","year":2009,"authors":["A. Lutz","H. Slagter","N. Rawlings","Andrew D. Francis","L. Greischar","R. Davidson"],"abstract":"The capacity to stabilize the content of attention over time varies among individuals, and its impairment is a hallmark of several mental illnesses. Impairments in sustained attention in patients with attention disorders have been associated with increased trial-to-trial variability in reaction time and event-related potential deficits during attention tasks. At present, it is unclear whether the ability to sustain attention and its underlying brain circuitry are transformable through training. Here, we show, with dichotic listening task performance and electroencephalography, that training attention, as cultivated by meditation, can improve the ability to sustain attention. Three months of intensive meditation training reduced variability in attentional processing of target tones, as indicated by both enhanced theta-band phase consistency of oscillatory neural responses over anterior brain areas and reduced reaction time variability. Furthermore, those individuals who showed the greatest increase in neural response consistency showed the largest decrease in behavioral response variability. Notably, we also observed reduced variability in neural processing, in particular in low-frequency bands, regardless of whether the deviant tone was attended or unattended. Focused attention meditation may thus affect both distracter and target processing, perhaps by enhancing entrainment of neuronal oscillations to sensory input rhythms, a mechanism important for controlling the content of attention. These novel findings highlight the mechanisms underlying focused attention meditation and support the notion that mental training can significantly affect attention and brain function.","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1614-09.2009","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2b188765119e3f477383d6034136a4d6645a04d3","result_position":38,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":233741789,"title":"Attention and Default Mode Network Assessments of Meditation Experience during Active Cognition and Rest","venue":"Brain Science","year":2021,"authors":["Kathryn J. Devaney","Emily J. Levin","Vaibhav Tripathi","J. Higgins","S. Lazar","D. Somers"],"abstract":"Meditation experience has previously been shown to improve performance on behavioral assessments of attention, but the neural bases of this improvement are unknown. Two prominent, strongly competing networks exist in the human cortex: a dorsal attention network, that is activated during focused attention, and a default mode network, that is suppressed during attentionally demanding tasks. Prior studies suggest that strong anti-correlations between these networks indicate good brain health. In addition, a third network, a ventral attention network, serves as a “circuit-breaker” that transiently disrupts and redirects focused attention to permit salient stimuli to capture attention. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to contrast cortical network activation between experienced focused attention Vipassana meditators and matched controls. Participants performed two attention tasks during scanning: a sustained attention task and an attention-capture task. Meditators demonstrated increased magnitude of differential activation in the dorsal attention vs. default mode network in a sustained attention task, relative to controls. In contrast, there were no evident attention network differences between meditators and controls in an attentional reorienting paradigm. A resting state functional connectivity analysis revealed a greater magnitude of anticorrelation between dorsal attention and default mode networks in the meditators as compared to both our local control group and a n = 168 Human Connectome Project dataset. These results demonstrate, with both task- and rest-based fMRI data, increased stability in sustained attention processes without an associated attentional capture cost in meditators. Task and resting-state results, which revealed stronger anticorrelations between dorsal attention and default mode networks in experienced mediators than in controls, are consistent with a brain health benefit of long-term meditation practice.","doi":"10.3390/brainsci11050566","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/409172bcc3751c7e91191deb6f810e26a8588c33","result_position":39,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":269780627,"title":"Volitional mental absorption in meditation: Toward a scientific understanding of advanced concentrative absorption meditation and the case of jhana","venue":"Heliyon","year":2024,"authors":["Winson F. Z. Yang","Terje Sparby","Malcolm J. Wright","Eunmi Kim","M. Sacchet"],"abstract":"Meditation has been integral to human culture for millennia, deeply rooted in various spiritual and contemplative traditions. While the field of contemplative science has made significant steps toward understanding the effects of meditation on health and well-being, there has been little study of advanced meditative states, including those achieved through intense concentration and absorption. We refer to these types of states as advanced concentrative absorption meditation (ACAM), characterized by absorption with the meditation object leading to states of heightened attention, clarity, energy, effortlessness, and bliss. This review focuses on a type of ACAM known as jhana (ACAM-J) due to its well-documented history, systematic practice approach, recurring phenomenological themes, and growing popularity among contemplative scientists and more generally in media and society. ACAM-J encompasses eight layers of deep concentration, awareness, and internal experiences. Here, we describe the phenomenology of ACAM-J and present evidence from phenomenological and neuroscientific studies that highlight their potential applications in contemplative practices, psychological sciences, and therapeutics. We additionally propose theoretical ACAM-J frameworks grounded in current cognitive neuroscientific understanding of meditation and ancient contemplative traditions. We aim to stimulate further research on ACAM more broadly, encompassing advanced meditation including meditative development and meditative endpoints. Studying advanced meditation including ACAM, and specific practices such as ACAM-J, can potentially revolutionize our understanding of consciousness and applications for mental health.","doi":"10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31223","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5866c9b6902fc9cedd7866077f955ece296b2d3f","result_position":40,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":220504115,"title":"The Influence of a Short-Term Mindfulness Meditation Intervention on Emotion and Visual Attention","venue":"Journal of Cognitive Enhancement","year":2020,"authors":["C. Thompson","Eileen Quigley","Ashley Taylor"],"abstract":"It has been suggested that mindfulness meditation (MM) improves psychological well-being via the focusing and broadening of attention. Whilst studies show that short-term MM interventions can improve focused attention, there is little evidence to support the broadening of attention. The current study investigated the influence of a short-term MM intervention on emotion and the scope of visual attention. Seventy participants completed a global-local processing task separated into three blocks of trials, with a 10-min break between each one. During the breaks, a MM group engaged in a breath-counting task and a control group engaged in a task of their choosing. Response times to global and local targets and a measure of self-reported emotional affect were recorded for each block. Mindfulness had no impact on attention; however, both positive and negative affect decreased for the MM group across the course of the experiment. The results suggest that MM can reduce the focus on negative (and positive) thoughts, indicating possible changes to focused attention, yet a short-term intervention is not sufficient to broaden attention.","doi":"10.1007/s41465-020-00174-4","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e3f2bff03a151ce41ce60ff02f84070a1d21cbe2","result_position":41,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":256620732,"title":"The Influence of a Short-Term Mindfulness Meditation Intervention on Emotion and Visual Attention","venue":"Journal of Cognitive Enhancement","year":2020,"authors":["C. Thompson","Eileen Quigley","Ashley Taylor"],"abstract":"It has been suggested that mindfulness meditation (MM) improves psychological well-being via the focusing and broadening of attention. Whilst studies show that short-term MM interventions can improve focused attention, there is little evidence to support the broadening of attention. The current study investigated the influence of a short-term MM intervention on emotion and the scope of visual attention. Seventy participants completed a global-local processing task separated into three blocks of trials, with a 10-min break between each one. During the breaks, a MM group engaged in a breath-counting task and a control group engaged in a task of their choosing. Response times to global and local targets and a measure of self-reported emotional affect were recorded for each block. Mindfulness had no impact on attention; however, both positive and negative affect decreased for the MM group across the course of the experiment. The results suggest that MM can reduce the focus on negative (and positive) thoughts, indicating possible changes to focused attention, yet a short-term intervention is not sufficient to broaden attention.","doi":"10.1007/s41465-020-00174-4","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/36db32ab4775128c716fdeb12be2285bb3f46d41","result_position":42,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":211136360,"title":"Focused attention meditation training modifies neural activity and attention: longitudinal EEG data in non-meditators","venue":"Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience","year":2020,"authors":["Kazuki Yoshida","Kenta Takeda","T. Kasai","Shiika Makinae","Yui Murakami","Ai Hasegawa","S. Sakai"],"abstract":"Abstract Focused attention meditation (FAM) is a basic meditation practice that cultivates attentional control and monitoring skills. Cross-sectional studies have highlighted high cognitive performance and discriminative neural activity in experienced meditators. However, a direct relationship between neural activity changes and improvement of attention caused by meditation training remains to be elucidated. To investigate this, we conducted a longitudinal study, which evaluated the results of electroencephalography (EEG) during three-stimulus oddball task, resting state and FAM before and after 8 weeks of FAM training in non-meditators. The FAM training group (n = 17) showed significantly higher P3 amplitude during the oddball task and shorter reaction time (RT) for target stimuli compared to that of the control group (n = 20). Furthermore, a significant negative correlation between F4-Oz theta band phase synchrony index (PSI) during FAM and P3 amplitude during the oddball task and a significant positive correlation between F4-Pz theta band PSI during FAM and P3 amplitude during the oddball task were observed. In contrast, these correlations were not observed in the control group. These findings provide direct evidence of the effectiveness of FAM training and contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning the effects of meditation on brain activity and cognitive performance.","doi":"10.1093/scan/nsaa020","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c5d3d8575f3a40da85951fcb30ae566f82798a8e","result_position":43,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":264927914,"title":"Doing what matters in times of stress: No-nonsense meditation and occupational well-being in COVID-19","venue":"PLoS ONE","year":2023,"authors":["Justine Van de Velde","Katia Levecque","Bert Weijters","S. Laureys"],"abstract":"While the COVID-19 pandemic challenged the general public’s health and well-being, it exacerbated the pre-existing well-being issues in the educational sector in many countries. Mindfulness-based interventions are often applied to protect and promote occupational well-being. To investigate how the well-being benefits of these interventions arise, we selected one accessible technique that is used in most of them: focused attention meditation. In the middle of the COVID-19 pandemic, 199 teachers voluntarily practiced five to ten minutes of meditation together with their pupils, every morning for six months. We employed a three-wave longitudinal design to follow any changes in the meditating teachers’ well-being and compared these changes to a waitlist control condition of 42 teachers. Three dimensions of well-being were measured at baseline, half-time, and post-intervention: emotional, cognitive, and physical well-being. Latent growth curve models revealed that the meditation technique not only improves well-being but also prevents the development of well-being problems. The practice of focused attention meditation resulted in improvements in emotional and physical well-being and prevented the development of cognitive well-being problems that were observed within the control condition. The effects were strongest for emotional and cognitive well-being and followed a linear trend. This paper shows that the well-being effects of mindfulness-based interventions are at least in part due to the focused attention meditation that is practiced in them. Occupational groups that experience emotional, cognitive, or physical well-being issues can benefit from a few minutes of focused attention meditation per day. Trial registration: ISRCTN ISRCTN61170784 (https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN61170784).","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0292406","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2027c8e51376f4602f54191f1f60b0db361dcbb0","result_position":44,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":259867602,"title":"EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF FOCUSED ATTENTION MEDITATION ON EMOTIONAL DISTRACTION: AN EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH","venue":"","year":null,"authors":["Justine Murphy"],"abstract":"Mindfulness can be defined as paying attention intentionally, toward the present-moment, and in a manner that is non-reactive and non-judgmental. In recent years, there has been a surge of interest in mindfulness meditation as a way to become more mindful and enhance attention and emotional well-being (Pepping et al., 2016; Van Dam et al., 2018). Mindfulness meditation is a broad term that encompasses a family of practices that aim to promote mindfulness. In one broad type of mindfulness meditation—Focused Attention meditation—the meditator attempts to narrow attention and maintain focus on a target object (typically the sensations of breathing). To minimize disruptions to focus on the breath, the meditator attempts to maintain a non-reactive and non-judgmental attitude to whatever distractions arise, including those with emotional content (e.g., negative thoughts). Although there is evidence that Focused Attention meditation benefits attentional control in emotionally neutral contexts, little is known about its impact on attentional control in emotional contexts. Given Focused Attention meditation requires practitioners to maintain focus on a chosen object, one way it might foster emotional benefits is by improving the ability to ignore emotional distractors—an ability that is well researched outside of the context of mindfulness and is known to be important for emotional well-being. In this thesis I explore the cognitive, affective, and neural correlates of Focused Attention meditation, which might shed light on the mechanisms by which it enhances well-being.\nThere are two major limitations common in the relevant existing literature. First, most studies that examine the effects of mindfulness meditation use either cross-sectional designs (e.g., comparing meditators to non-meditators), or measure the effects of extended mindfulness interventions that are complex and multi-faceted. In both of these designs, it is often not possible to disentangle the effects of Focused Attention from other types of meditation (such as Open Monitoring), or to control for other confounds such as social facilitation or expectancy effects that may mediate cognitive and emotional effects. Second, most studies that examine the effects of mindfulness meditation on attentional control in emotional contexts use tasks in which emotional stimuli are not fully task-irrelevant, and thus do not strictly measure the ability to ignore emotional distractors (Lleras et al., 2013). In this thesis, I used lab-based experiments to overcome both limitations and to directly test the hypothesis that Focused Attention meditation improves the ability to ignore emotional distractors.\nIn all experiments, participants were randomly allocated to listen to either an audio recording that guided the participant in a brief Focused Attention meditation; or an audio recording of a TED talk about mindfulness (but with no instructions to be mindful) as a control condition. Immediately before and immediately after listening to the audio recording, participants from both groups completed a task designed to measure the ability to ignore emotional distractors. In this task, participants complete a simple visual search while attempting to ignore task-irrelevant negative (mutilation scenes) or neutral images (scenes of people), which were presented in different blocks. Intact images were presented on 25% of trials, and scrambled images were presented on the remaining 75% of trials. Distraction was indexed by slowing on trials in which intact compared to scrambled images appeared.\nIn Experiment 1, the guided meditation reduced distraction by negative but not neutral images relative to the control intervention, supporting the hypothesis that Focused Attention meditation improves the ability to ignore emotional distractors. Experiment 2 aimed to replicate and extend the first experiment by also recording EEG and psychophysiological measures of attentional and emotional processing—enabling me to look “under the hood” and examine which cognitive processes were affected by the meditation. Although the behavioural and EEG measures were sensitive to emotional distraction, the meditation had no significant impact on distraction (either negative or neutral), failing to replicate Experiment 1. EEG recordings also showed no evidence that meditation altered distractor processing or attentional control. Unexpectedly, exploratory analyses revealed no immediate impact of meditation on distraction in either experiment, but both Experiments 1 and 2 showed a gradual reduction in negative distraction across blocks following the meditation relative to the control intervention. Given these analyses were conducted post-hoc, I aimed to replicate the effect in a follow-up pre-registered experiment, which was conducted online due to COVID-19 restrictions. Distraction did not statistically differ between groups, failing to replicate the gradual reduction effect observed in Experiments 1& 2—possibly due to the guided meditation manipulation being less effective outside lab settings.\nDespite the lack of replication in Experiment 3, the gradual reduction in emotional distraction following meditation was still robust in a mini-meta-analysis of all three experiments. Together, findings indicate that Focused Attention meditation has no immediate impact on distraction by negative emotional images. They tentatively suggest, however, that it might facilitate gradual improvement in the ability to ignore emotional distractors. I discuss a number of mechanisms by which this unexpected effect might occur. Future researchshould establish whether the current findings replicate; aim to elucidate the mechanisms involved; and examine the influence of “dose” (i.e., extent of meditation training). Doing so will help us to better understand how meditation affects the mind, and may guide clinicians to refine mindfulness interventions and optimize interventions to target specific outcomes or populations.","doi":"10.26686/wgtn.23664465","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a806b9e762a5825349a6d04cb500ce1c1062a9e2","result_position":45,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":253219010,"title":"How Chanting Relates to Cognitive Function, Altered States and Quality of Life","venue":"Brain Science","year":2022,"authors":["Gemma Perry","V. Polito","Narayan Sankaran","W. Thompson"],"abstract":"Chanting is practiced in many religious and secular traditions and involves rhythmic vocalization or mental repetition of a sound or phrase. This study examined how chanting relates to cognitive function, altered states, and quality of life across a wide range of traditions. A global survey was used to assess experiences during chanting including flow states, mystical experiences, mindfulness, and mind wandering. Further, attributes of chanting were assessed to determine their association with altered states and cognitive benefits, and whether psychological correlates of chanting are associated with quality of life. Responses were analyzed from 456 English speaking participants who regularly chant across 32 countries and various chanting traditions. Results revealed that different aspects of chanting were associated with distinctive experiential outcomes. Stronger intentionality (devotion, intention, sound) and higher chanting engagement (experience, practice duration, regularity) were associated with altered states and cognitive benefits. Participants whose main practice was call and response chanting reported higher scores of mystical experiences. Participants whose main practice was repetitive prayer reported lower mind wandering. Lastly, intentionality and engagement were associated with quality of life indirectly through altered states and cognitive benefits. This research sheds new light on the phenomenology and psychological consequences of chanting across a range of practices and traditions.","doi":"10.3390/brainsci12111456","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cad56b9f26f85fd2893efdec83cde5b805085de7","result_position":46,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":4253051,"title":"Review of the Neural Oscillations Underlying Meditation","venue":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","year":2018,"authors":["Darrin J. Lee","E. Kulubya","P. Goldin","A. Goodarzi","F. Girgis"],"abstract":"Objective: Meditation is one type of mental training that has been shown to produce many cognitive benefits. Meditation practice is associated with improvement in concentration and reduction of stress, depression, and anxiety symptoms. Furthermore, different forms of meditation training are now being used as interventions for a variety of psychological and somatic illnesses. These benefits are thought to occur as a result of neurophysiologic changes. The most commonly studied specific meditation practices are focused attention (FA), open-monitoring (OM), as well as transcendental meditation (TM), and loving-kindness (LK) meditation. In this review, we compare the neural oscillatory patterns during these forms of meditation. Method: We performed a systematic review of neural oscillations during FA, OM, TM, and LK meditation practices, comparing meditators to meditation-naïve adults. Results: FA, OM, TM, and LK meditation are associated with global increases in oscillatory activity in meditators compared to meditation-naïve adults, with larger changes occurring as the length of meditation training increases. While FA and OM are related to increases in anterior theta activity, only FA is associated with changes in posterior theta oscillations. Alpha activity increases in posterior brain regions during both FA and OM. In anterior regions, FA shows a bilateral increase in alpha power, while OM shows a decrease only in left-sided power. Gamma activity in these meditation practices is similar in frontal regions, but increases are variable in parietal and occipital regions. Conclusions: The current literature suggests distinct differences in neural oscillatory activity among FA, OM, TM, and LK meditation practices. Further characterizing these oscillatory changes may better elucidate the cognitive and therapeutic effects of specific meditation practices, and potentially lead to the development of novel neuromodulation targets to take advantage of their benefits.","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2018.00178","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/05b2e5896df4af15d10497a854f79e4727a4b0cd","result_position":47,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":17476123,"title":"Plasticity of visual attention in Isha yoga meditation practitioners before and after a 3-month retreat","venue":"Frontiers in Psychology","year":2013,"authors":["Claire Braboszcz","Claire Braboszcz","B. Cahn","Bhavani Balakrishnan","R. Maturi","R. Grandchamp","R. Grandchamp","Arnaud Delorme","Arnaud Delorme","Arnaud Delorme"],"abstract":"Meditation has lately received considerable interest from cognitive neuroscience. Studies suggest that daily meditation leads to long lasting attentional and neuronal plasticity. We present changes related to the attentional systems before and after a 3 month intensive meditation retreat. We used three behavioral psychophysical tests - a Stroop task, an attentional blink task, and a global-local letter task-to assess the effect of Isha yoga meditation on attentional resource allocation. 82 Isha yoga practitioners were tested at the beginning and at the end of the retreat. Our results showed an increase in correct responses specific to incongruent stimuli in the Stroop task. Congruently, a positive correlation between previous meditation experience and accuracy to incongruent Stroop stimuli was also observed at baseline. We also observed a reduction of the attentional blink. Unexpectedly, a negative correlation between previous meditation experience and attentional blink performance at baseline was observed. Regarding spatial attention orientation as assessed using the global-local letter task, participants showed a bias toward local processing. Only slight differences in performance were found pre- vs. post- meditation retreat. Biasing toward the local stimuli in the global-local task and negative correlation of previous meditation experience with attentional blink performance is consistent with Isha practices being focused-attention practices. Given the relatively small effect sizes and the absence of a control group, our results do not allow clear support nor rejection of the hypothesis of meditation-driven neuronal plasticity in the attentional system for Isha yoga practice.","doi":"10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00914","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/18b7b6cfb967b0c61349eb0b09c14ae54dbe79c7","result_position":48,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":225096635,"title":"Losing Ourselves: Active Inference, Depersonalization, and Meditation","venue":"Frontiers in Psychology","year":2020,"authors":["George Deane","Mark Miller","S. Wilkinson"],"abstract":"Disruptions in the ordinary sense of selfhood underpin both pathological and “enlightened” states of consciousness. People suffering from depersonalization can experience the loss of a sense of self as devastating, often accompanied by intense feelings of alienation, fear, and hopelessness. However, for meditative contemplatives from various traditions, “selfless” experiences are highly sought after, being associated with enduring peace and joy. Little is understood about how these contrasting dysphoric and euphoric experiences should be conceptualized. In this paper, we propose a unified account of these selfless experiences within the active inference framework. Building on our recent active inference research, we propose an account of the experiences of selfhood as emerging from a temporally deep generative model. We go on to develop a view of the self as playing a central role in structuring ordinary experience by “tuning” agents to the counterfactually rich possibilities for action. Finally, we explore how depersonalization may result from an inferred loss of allostatic control and contrast this phenomenology with selfless experiences reported by meditation practitioners. We will show how, by beginning with a conception of self-modeling within an active inference framework, we have available to us a new way of conceptualizing the striking experiential similarities and important differences between these selfless experiences within a unifying theoretical framework. We will explore the implications for understanding and treating dissociative disorders, as well as elucidate both the therapeutic potential, and possible dangers, of meditation.","doi":"10.3389/fpsyg.2020.539726","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/76a49395e64b839462a7717e9b15d3c3696e2faa","result_position":49,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":247957117,"title":"Contemplation: Its Cultivation and Culmination Through the Buddhist Glasses","venue":"Frontiers in Psychology","year":2022,"authors":["Madhumita Chattopadhyay"],"abstract":"Buddhist account of consciousness provides a new way of looking into contemplation, where absorption into meditation does not only bring in changes in the neural level but in the very personality of the individual, turning him into a good human being. The Buddhists recommend the practice of vipassanā, literally meaning insight but actually standing for the realization of the supreme enlightenment breaking off all the internal fetters through the practice of seven different types of purity, such as purity of morals, mind, views, and insight, etc. In early and later Buddhist literature, it has been categorically emphasized that one should not practice solitary mindfulness but should practice enriching the higher qualities of the mind such as compassion, friendliness, etc. The point is that the contemplated individual, the Bodhisattva, should possess the perfection of wisdom (prajñā-pāramitā) and be equipped with the skill of upāyas. The practice of these upāyas, however, will not create any new bondage for the contemplative mind. When the individual is able to attain this broad outlook, he will be said to achieve the highest contemplation – this is the ultimate objective of Buddhist meditation. Meditation is needed for this change of outlook – transition from “I” to “we”. This is the only way to bring peace of mind and peace to the whole world.","doi":"10.3389/fpsyg.2021.800281","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d2e9b5989f51a14bd8a65743e51fb7e38c9f7bc8","result_position":50,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":2151810,"title":"Meditation states and traits: EEG, ERP, and neuroimaging studies.","venue":"Psychological bulletin","year":2006,"authors":["B. Cahn","J. Polich"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1037/0033-2909.132.2.180","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/13b5cdf6dba23b6f01ca07c31f277a9d6d49951f","result_position":51,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":240075912,"title":"Individual Differences in the Change of Attentional Functions With Brief One-Time Focused Attention and Open Monitoring Meditations","venue":"Frontiers in Psychology","year":2021,"authors":["Masaru Tanaka","Ryoichi Nakashima","Kentaro Hiromitsu","H. Imamizu"],"abstract":"Mindfulness meditation is increasingly used for clinical treatment and to improve well-being. One of the most fundamental benefits of mindfulness meditation is now considered as enhanced attentional control. Mindfulness meditation is a complex technique but most of its variants consist of a combination of two types of basic meditation practice: focused attention meditation (FAM) and open monitoring meditation (OMM). Although many studies have examined the effect of relatively long-term meditation on attention, some recent studies have focused on the effect of a brief one-time meditation on cognitive processing, including attentional functions. Furthermore, it is necessary to discuss the relationship between the effect of mindfulness meditation on attentional functions and personality traits (especially traits related to mindfulness). This study investigated whether attentional control is improved by a single 30-min FAM or OMM and whether the degree of improvement in attentional functions – alerting, orienting, and conflict monitoring – induced by the meditation varies according to the participant’s trait scores related to mindfulness measured by the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups, i.e., FAM, OMM, and no-meditation (noM) groups, and given an Attentional Network Test before and after each 30-min meditation session. Compared with the noM group, there was no overall improvement in attentional functions with either type of meditation. However, there were associations between the change of the alerting function’s score and the personality traits: in the FAM group, alerting scores were negatively associated with the nonreactivity facet of the FFMQ, and in the OMM group, alerting scores were positively associated with describing facet scores of the FFMQ. The results indicate that the effects of meditation methods on attentional functions could depend on the individual’s traits related to mindfulness and that mindfulness meditation could sometimes appear to have no impact on attentional functions.","doi":"10.3389/fpsyg.2021.716138","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/456edd30972ef79a638df04910642ba5fd51e023","result_position":52,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":215547663,"title":"Intensive training induces longitudinal changes in meditation state-related EEG oscillatory activity","venue":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","year":2019,"authors":["M. Saggar","Brandon G. King","A. Zanesco","Katherine A. MacLean","Stephen Aichele","Tonya L. Jacobs","David A. Bridwell","P. Shaver","E. Rosenberg","B. Sahdra","E. Ferrer","A. Tang","G. Mangun","B. A. Wallace","R. Miikkulainen","C. Saron"],"abstract":"The capacity to focus one's attention for an extended period of time can be increased through training in contemplative practices. However, the cognitive processes engaged during meditation that support trait changes in cognition are not well characterized. We conducted a longitudinal wait-list controlled study of intensive meditation training. Retreat participants practiced focused attention (FA) meditation techniques for three months during an initial retreat. Wait-list participants later undertook formally identical training during a second retreat. Dense-array scalp-recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) data were collected during 6 min of mindfulness of breathing meditation at three assessment points during each retreat. Second-order blind source separation, along with a novel semi-automatic artifact removal tool (SMART), was used for data preprocessing. We observed replicable reductions in meditative state-related beta-band power bilaterally over anteriocentral and posterior scalp regions. In addition, individual alpha frequency (IAF) decreased across both retreats and in direct relation to the amount of meditative practice. These findings provide evidence for replicable longitudinal changes in brain oscillatory activity during meditation and increase our understanding of the cortical processes engaged during meditation that may support long-term improvements in cognition.","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2012.00256","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0b7302e5b5dc1b6461a2d7aeddee6f16161eaa44","result_position":53,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":10595462,"title":"Meditation-related activations are modulated by the practices needed to obtain it and by the expertise: an ALE meta-analysis study","venue":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","year":2013,"authors":["B. Tomasino","Sara Fregona","M. Skrap","F. Fabbro"],"abstract":"The brain network governing meditation has been studied using a variety of meditation practices and techniques practices eliciting different cognitive processes (e.g., silence, attention to own body, sense of joy, mantras, etc.). It is very possible that different practices of meditation are subserved by largely, if not entirely, disparate brain networks. This assumption was tested by conducting an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis of meditation neuroimaging studies, which assessed 150 activation foci from 24 experiments. Different ALE meta-analyses were carried out. One involved the subsets of studies involving meditation induced through exercising focused attention (FA). The network included clusters bilaterally in the medial gyrus, the left superior parietal lobe, the left insula and the right supramarginal gyrus (SMG). A second analysis addressed the studies involving meditation states induced by chanting or by repetition of words or phrases, known as “mantra.” This type of practice elicited a cluster of activity in the right SMG, the SMA bilaterally and the left postcentral gyrus. Furthermore, the last analyses addressed the effect of meditation experience (i.e., short- vs. long-term meditators). We found that frontal activation was present for short-term, as compared with long-term experience meditators, confirming that experts are better enabled to sustain attentional focus, rather recruiting the right SMG and concentrating on aspects involving disembodiment.","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2012.00346","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/56572d7fa6ec732b7a45631b3b2bdd9b88562557","result_position":54,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":14996482,"title":"Intensive training induces longitudinal changes in meditation state-related EEG oscillatory activity","venue":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","year":2012,"authors":["M. Saggar","Brandon G. King","A. Zanesco","Katherine A. MacLean","Stephen Aichele","Tonya L. Jacobs","David A. Bridwell","Phillip R. Shaver","E. Rosenberg","B. Sahdra","E. Ferrer","A. Tang","G. Mangun","B. A. Wallace","R. Miikkulainen","C. Saron"],"abstract":"The capacity to focus one's attention for an extended period of time can be increased through training in contemplative practices. However, the cognitive processes engaged during meditation that support trait changes in cognition are not well characterized. We conducted a longitudinal wait-list controlled study of intensive meditation training. Retreat participants practiced focused attention (FA) meditation techniques for three months during an initial retreat. Wait-list participants later undertook formally identical training during a second retreat. Dense-array scalp-recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) data were collected during 6 min of mindfulness of breathing meditation at three assessment points during each retreat. Second-order blind source separation, along with a novel semi-automatic artifact removal tool (SMART), was used for data preprocessing. We observed replicable reductions in meditative state-related beta-band power bilaterally over anteriocentral and posterior scalp regions. In addition, individual alpha frequency (IAF) decreased across both retreats and in direct relation to the amount of meditative practice. These findings provide evidence for replicable longitudinal changes in brain oscillatory activity during meditation and increase our understanding of the cortical processes engaged during meditation that may support long-term improvements in cognition.","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2012.00256","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7e4fdfdadddc4c47e608f0004f0ff51ad3918fed","result_position":55,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":16906754,"title":"Measuring a Journey without Goal: Meditation, Spirituality, and Physiology","venue":"BioMed Research International","year":2015,"authors":["Heather Buttle"],"abstract":"The secular practice of meditation is associated with a range of physiological and cognitive effects, including lower blood pressure, lower cortisol, cortical thickening, and activation of areas of the brain associated with attention and emotion regulation. However, in the context of spiritual practice, these benefits are secondary gains, as the primary aim is spiritual transformation. Despite obvious difficulties in trying to measure a journey without goal, spiritual aspects involved in the practice of meditation should also be addressed by experimental study. This review starts by considering meditation in the form of the relaxation response (a counterpart to the stress response), before contrasting mindfulness research that emphasizes the role of attention and alertness in meditation. This contrast demonstrates how reference to traditional spiritual texts (in this case Buddhist) can be used to guide research questions involving meditation. Further considerations are detailed, along with the proposal that research should triangulate spiritual textual sources, first person accounts (i.e., neurophenomenology), and physiological/cognitive measures in order to aid our understanding of meditation, not only in the secular context of health benefits, but also in the context of spiritual practice.","doi":"10.1155/2015/891671","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/02a101c3665fb18e9266d1186b029e5f7a883625","result_position":56,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":253562599,"title":"A Study of Chinese Commentaries on the Sutra of Perfect Enlightenment","venue":"Religions","year":2022,"authors":["Kai Wang"],"abstract":"The Sutra of Perfect Enlightenment, also known as Yuanjuejing 圓覺經 or, in full, Dafang guangyuanjie xiuduoluo liaoyijing 大方廣圓覺修多羅了義經, is a mindfulness meditation sutra with a particularly high reputation that has been the subject of a great deal of annotations and commentaries throughout the history of East Asian Buddhism. However, hitherto, the literature has not systematically organized and studied these annotations and commentaries. The aim of this paper is to organize the Chinese commentaries on this sutra from the 8th to the 17th centuries systematically and tointroduce the different situations by the commentaries produced by different schools of Buddhism. Briefly, these works mainly include the commentaries by Weique 惟愨, Wushi 悟實, Jianzhi 堅志, Daoquan 道詮, and Tsung-mi 宗密 during the Tang Dynasty (618–907); the commentaries of the Huayan 華嚴宗, Tiantai 天臺宗, and Chan 禪宗 schools during the Song Dynasty (960–1279); and the literal interpretations and collected commentaries produced during the Ming and Qing Dynasties (1368–1912).","doi":"10.3390/rel13111099","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d4515e1958b431e01fd13dc9b720d091cf47f212","result_position":57,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":234390047,"title":"Buddhist Meditation and the Ethics of Human Augmentation","venue":"","year":2020,"authors":["S. Sarbacker"],"abstract":"Emergent technologies of “Human Augmentation,” typically associated with the related concepts of “Human Engineering” and “Human Enhancement,” are rapidly changing the nature of human embodiment and have profound social and moral implications. Particularly noteworthy among these are technologies that enhance human physical, sensory, and cognitive capacities, from artificial limbs and visual and hearing aids that expand action and perception, to wearables and implants that provide instant access to vast amounts of data and augment knowledge of, and control over, otherwise autonomous physical processes. A counterpoint to technologies that aim to transform human embodiment are those that aim to transcend embodiment entirely, such as “uploading,” in which human consciousness is moved from the “wetware” of the human body and brain to machine-based “hardware.” Some technologists and enthusiasts view such augmentation as potentially ushering in the transformation of humanity into a different order of being—first, as “transitional humans” or “transhumans,” and second, as “posthumans” that represent a new evolutionary era for humanity, and, perhaps, the building blocks of utopia. This paper will argue that the philosophy and practice of Buddhist meditation (Skt. dhyāna ) or meditative cultivation ( bhāvanā ) provides a paradigm for understanding how Buddhist philosophy and ethics might address issues raised by the augmentation of human capacities. It will also demonstrate how emergent philosophical and religious conceptions of the Transhuman and Posthuman can be compared, critiqued, and re-interpreted in light of Buddhist philosophy and cosmology, both with respect to Buddhist notions of the fluidity of the human-divine boundary and the radical transformation of the awakened Noble Person ( āryapudgala ).","doi":"10.17928/jjadh.5.2_61","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cc483681112a8bde9999ad5d5ab4466623d8a96f","result_position":58,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":225685655,"title":"Integrating Mindfulness Into Leadership Development","venue":"Journal of Management Education","year":2020,"authors":["C. Sanyal","C. Rigg"],"abstract":"In this article, we illustrate how ideas and practices of mindfulness can be integrated into management education, drawing from our work on postgraduate programs run with working managers. Our purpose is particularly to show how mindfulness can be introduced into the curriculum in a way that is acceptable for participants and clients, and brings benefit to participants. Following a brief review of literature on mindfulness in organizations, we share the curriculum innovation we designed and provide detail of its effectiveness derived from our follow-up evaluation.","doi":"10.1177/1052562920934040","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0888837ba3bc06ecde59af3c1844360167274a21","result_position":59,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":247818371,"title":"A Retrospective Analysis of Three Focused Attention Meditation Techniques: Mantra, Breath, and External-Point Meditation","venue":"Cureus","year":2022,"authors":["K. Sharma","A. Wernicke","Husneara Rahman","L. Potters","Gopesh Sharma","B. Parashar"],"abstract":"Objective The goal of this study is to compare the effectiveness of three different meditation techniques (two internal focus techniques and one external focus technique) using a low-cost portable electroencephalography (EEG) device, namely, MUSE, for an objective comparison. Methods This is an IRB-approved retrospective study. All participants in the study were healthy adults. Each study participant (n = 34) was instructed to participate in three meditation sessions: mantra (internal), breath (internal), and external point. The MUSE brain-sensing headband (EEG) was used to document the “total time spent in the calm state” and the “total time spent in the calm or neutral state” (outcomes) in each three-minute session to conduct separate analyses for the meditation type. Separate generalized linear models (GLM) with unstructured covariance structures were used to examine the association between each outcome and the explanatory variable (meditation type). For all models, if there was a significant association between the outcome and the explanatory variable, pairwise comparisons were carried out using the Tukey-Kramer correction. Results The median time (in seconds) spent in the calm state while practicing mantra meditation was 131.5 (IQR: 94-168), while practicing breath meditation was 150 (IQR: 113-164), and while practicing external-point meditation was 100 (IQR: 62-126). Upon analysis, there was a significant association between the meditation type and the time spent in the calm state (p-value = 0.0006). Conclusion This is the first study comparing “internal” versus “external” meditation techniques using an objective measure. Our study shows the breath and mantra technique as superior to the external-point technique as regards time spent in the calm state. Additional research is needed using a combination of “EEG” and patient-reported surveys to compare various meditative practices. The findings from this study can help incorporate specific meditation practices in future mindfulness-based studies that are focused on healthcare settings and on impacting clinical outcomes, such as survival or disease outcomes.","doi":"10.7759/cureus.23589","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/85a654aaa3d4dc9f28217e452f296c584acfba9d","result_position":60,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":11036572,"title":"Focused attention, open monitoring and automatic self-transcending: Categories to organize meditations from Vedic, Buddhist and Chinese traditions.","venue":"Consciousness and Cognition","year":2010,"authors":["Frederick F. Travis","J. Shear"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.concog.2010.01.007","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/65bd2dc0c9039450d8b0e894542871014e137af3","result_position":61,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":268273699,"title":"Mind and body connection in expert meditators: a computational study based on central and peripheral nervous system","venue":"BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies","year":2024,"authors":["Francesca Borghesi","Riccardo Cremascoli","Alice Chirico","Laura Bianchi","Amalia Di Moia","L. Priano","Alessandro Piedimonte","Alessandro Mauro","Pietro Cipresso"],"abstract":"A meditative ‘technique’ is conceived as a continuum of different affective states involving mind and body jointly. Meditative practices can involve cognitive effort (e.g., focused attention and open-minded techniques), as well as automatic and implicit practices (e.g., transcendental techniques). The NGALSO tantric self-healing meditation technique is a brief, comprehensive meditation technique relying on mind and body connection. In this study, we aimed to investigate the state and the trait neurophysiological correlates of NGALSO meditation practice. First, 19 EEG channels and a 3-lead ECG signal were recorded from 10 expert meditators (more than 7 years of daily meditation) and 10 healthy inexpert participants (controls) who underwent the same meditative procedure. The neuropsychological profiles of experts and controls were compared. Results showed that expert meditators had significantly higher power spectra on alpha, theta and beta, and a higher sympathetic tone with lower parasympathetic tone after meditation. Conversely, the control group had significantly less power spectra on alpha, theta and beta, and a higher parasympathetic tone with lower sympathetic tone after meditation. A machine learning approach also allowed us to classify experts vs. controls correctly by using only EEG Theta bands before or after meditation. ECG results allowed us to show a significantly higher effort by expert meditators vs. controls, thus suggesting that a higher effort is required for this meditation, in line with the principle ‘no pain, no gain’ in body and mind.","doi":"10.1186/s12906-024-04413-5","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a214539e975b385f038725525ab888d71d93f6a0","result_position":62,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":600734,"title":"Focused attention, open monitoring and loving kindness meditation: effects on attention, conflict monitoring, and creativity – A review","venue":"Frontiers in Psychology","year":2014,"authors":["D. Lippelt","B. Hommel","L. Colzato"],"abstract":"Meditation is becoming increasingly popular as a topic for scientific research and theories on meditation are becoming ever more specific. We distinguish between what is called focused Attention meditation, open Monitoring meditation, and loving kindness (or compassion) meditation. Research suggests that these meditations have differential, dissociable effects on a wide range of cognitive (control) processes, such as attentional selection, conflict monitoring, divergent, and convergent thinking. Although research on exactly how the various meditations operate on these processes is still missing, different kinds of meditations are associated with different neural structures and different patterns of electroencephalographic activity. In this review we discuss recent findings on meditation and suggest how the different meditations may affect cognitive processes, and we give suggestions for directions of future research.","doi":"10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01083","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/adbbc9700b4cad81e4b031e8197dc04e56ae1041","result_position":63,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":247193207,"title":"Enhanced Resting-State Functional Connectivity With Decreased Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuations of the Salience Network in Mindfulness Novices","venue":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","year":2022,"authors":["Quan Gan","Ning Ding","Guoli Bi","R. Liu","Xing-rong Zhao","Jing-mei Zhong","Shao-yuan Wu","Yongfen Zeng","Liqian Cui","Kunhua Wu","Yunfa Fu","Zhuang-fei Chen"],"abstract":"Mindfulness and accordant interventions are often used as complementary treatments to psychological or psychosomatic problems. This has also been gradually integrated into daily lives for the promotion of psychological well-being in non-clinical populations. The experience of mindful acceptance in a non-judgmental way brought about the state, which was less interfered by a negative effect. Mindfulness practice often begins with focused attention (FA) meditation restricted to an inner experience. We postulate that the brain areas related to an interoceptive function would demonstrate an intrinsic functional change after mindfulness training for the mindful novices along with paying more attention to internal processes. To further explore the influence of mindfulness on the organization of the brain regions, both functional connectivity (FC) in the voxel and the region of interest (ROI) level were calculated. In the current study, 32 healthy volunteers, without any meditation experiences, were enrolled and randomly assigned to a mindfulness-based stress reduction group (MBSR) or control group (CON). Participants in the MBSR group completed 8 weeks of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and rated their mindfulness skills before and after MBSR. All subjects were evaluated via resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) in both baselines and after 8 weeks. They also completed a self-report measure of their state and trait anxiety as well as a positive and negative affect. Pre- and post-MBSR assessments revealed a decreased amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) in the right anterior cingulate gyrus (ACC.R), left anterior and posterior insula (aIC.L, pIC.L), as well as left superior medial frontal gyrus (SFGmed.L) in MBSR practitioners. Strengthened FC between right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC.R) and aIC.R was observed. The mean ALFF values of those regions were inversely and positively linked to newly acquired mindful abilities. Along with a decreased negative affect score, our results suggest that the brain regions related to attention and interoceptive function were involved at the beginning of mindfulness. This study provides new clues in elucidating the time of evaluating the brain mechanisms of mindfulness novices.","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2022.838123","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/85d0cc5ace682408e0bfca2e3adc37b597ac25b0","result_position":64,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":184487649,"title":"Motivational Non-directive Resonance Breathing as a Treatment for Chronic Widespread Pain","venue":"Frontiers in Psychology","year":2019,"authors":["C. Paccione","H. B. Jacobsen"],"abstract":"Chronic widespread pain (CWP) is one of the most difficult pain conditions to treat due to an unknown etiology and a lack of innovative treatment design and effectiveness. Based upon preliminary findings within the fields of motivational psychology, integrative neuroscience, diaphragmatic breathing, and vagal nerve stimulation, we propose a new treatment intervention, motivational non-directive (ND) resonance breathing, as a means of reducing pain and suffering in patients with CWP. Motivational ND resonance breathing provides patients with a noninvasive means of potentially modulating five psychophysiological mechanisms imperative for endogenously treating pain and increasing overall quality of life.","doi":"10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01207","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7c4d8b6a7f3268fc38b713421770e0add2d33f24","result_position":65,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":252657934,"title":"Beyond mindfulness: Arousal-driven modulation of attentional control during arousal-based practices","venue":"Current Research in Neurobiology","year":2022,"authors":["M. Kozhevnikov","Alina Veronika Irene Strasser","Elizabeth McDougal","R. Dhond","G. Samuel"],"abstract":"Here we report meditative techniques, which modulate attentional control by arousal-driven influences and not by monitoring continuous thought processes as during mindfulness-related practices. We focus on Vajrayana (Tantric Buddhism) practices, during which a sequence of generation (self-visualization as a deity - Yidam) or completion with sign (inner heat -Tummo) stages necessarily precedes non-dual awareness (NDA) Tantric Mahamudra. We compared the electrocardiographic and electroencephalographic correlates of Mahamudra performed after rest (non-Tantric Mahamudra) with Mahamudra performed after Yidam (Tantric Mahamudra) in 16 highly experienced Vajrayana practitioners, 10 of whom also performed Tummo. Both Yidam and Tummo developed the state of PNS withdrawal (arousal) and phasic alertness, as reflected by HF HRV decreases and Alpha2 power increases, later neurophysiologically employed in Tantric Mahamudra. The latter led to the unique state of high cortical excitability, “non-selective” focused attention, and significantly reduced attentional control, quantified by power reductions in all frequency bands, except Theta. In contrast, similar to mindfulness-related practices, non-Tantric Mahamudra was performed in a state of PNS dominance (relaxation), tonic alertness, and active monitoring, as suggested by Alpha1 power increases and less pronounced decreases in other frequency bands. A neurobiological model of meditation is proposed, differentiating arousal-based and mindfulness-related practices.","doi":"10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100053","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cc526bd479ea9ef72db48b098a4c33867e9228cc","result_position":66,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":253091860,"title":"Meditation: A Double-Edged Sword—A Case Report of Psychosis Associated with Excessive Unguided Meditation","venue":"Case Reports in Psychiatry","year":2022,"authors":["S. Goud"],"abstract":"Meditation is gaining a lot of popularity nowadays because of the associated benefits on both mental and physical health. There is ample literature available on the benefits of meditation. However, there are cases of psychosis reported sporadically in individuals who indulge in excessive unguided meditation. Herein, we report a patient who presented with schizophrenia after doing excessive meditation.","doi":"10.1155/2022/2661824","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/00d7a0152db506878063b75e533ff729f1886113","result_position":67,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":216269793,"title":"Hypnosis and Hypnotherapy: The Role of Traditional Versus Alternative Approach","venue":"Hypnotherapy and Hypnosis","year":2020,"authors":["M. H. Garba","M. Mamman"],"abstract":"Hypnosis is a state of mind that is characterized by focused attention and heightened receptivity for suggestions. It is either established by compliance with instructions or achieved naturally; the critical nature of the mind is bypassed during hypnosis and acceptable suggestions are delivered. Misperceptions about hypnosis by clinical practitioners and their clients have been shaped through years of inaccurate but interesting portrayals of hypnosis in books, plays, and movies. Part of the misperceptions is that individuals with seemingly magical powers to manipulate the unsuspecting innocent with their authoritative voice commands and penetrating eyes are depicted as hypnotists. This chapter will review the traditional and conventional approaches used in hypnosis, their advantages and disadvantages as well as where hypnosis is used as a complementary or alternative therapy to the modern day orthodox medicine. Despite the pejorative image display of hypnosis and misconceptions surrounding it, hypnosis still has numerous applications in contemporary medicine. Hypnotherapy conducted by a trained therapist is considered as a complementary or safe alternative to present day orthodox medication for numerous ailments.","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.91619","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/52fb457ad1a69787edb1a504814a2a30902fb421","result_position":68,"is_clicked":false}],"string":"[\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 269544533,\n \"title\": \"Report from a Tibetan Monastery: EEG neural correlates of concentrative and analytical meditation\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Psychology\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"B. Neri\",\n \"A. Callara\",\n \"N. Vanello\",\n \"D. Menicucci\",\n \"A. Zaccaro\",\n \"A. Piarulli\",\n \"Marco Laurino\",\n \"Ngawang Norbu\",\n \"Jampa Kechok\",\n \"Ngawang Sherab\",\n \"A. Gemignani\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The positive effects of meditation on human wellbeing are indisputable, ranging from emotion regulation improvement to stress reduction and present-moment awareness enhancement. Changes in brain activity regulate and support these phenomena. However, the heterogeneity of meditation practices and their cultural background, as well as their poor categorization limit the generalization of results to all types of meditation. Here, we took advantage of a collaboration with the very singular and precious community of the Monks and Geshes of the Tibetan University of Sera-Jey in India to study the neural correlates of the two main types of meditation recognized in Tibetan Buddhism, namely concentrative and analytical meditation. Twenty-three meditators with different levels of expertise underwent to an ecological (i.e., within the monastery) EEG acquisition consisting of an analytical and/or concentrative meditation session at “their best,” and with the only constraint of performing a 5-min-long baseline at the beginning of the session. Time-varying power-spectral-density estimates of each session were compared against the baseline (i.e., within session) and between conditions (i.e., analytical vs. concentrative). Our results showed that concentrative meditation elicited more numerous and marked changes in the EEG power compared to analytical meditation, and mainly in the form of an increase in the theta, alpha and beta frequency ranges. Moreover, the full immersion in the Monastery life allowed to share the results and discuss their interpretation with the best scholars of the Monastic University, ensuring the identification of the most expert meditators, as well as to highlight better the differences between the different types of meditation practiced by each of them.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1348317\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a7b029cc2b1626823e2d24697d9546c0975f161e\",\n \"result_position\": 0,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 258122922,\n \"title\": \"Going beyond Mindfulness: How Concentration and Tranquility Commonly Co-Arising with Mindfulness Account for Mental Health\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ryan M. K. Chan\",\n \"W. Mak\",\n \"Ben C. L. Yu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Concentration and tranquility usually co-arise with mindfulness during mindfulness practice and in daily life and may potentially contribute to mental health; however, they have rarely been studied in empirical research. The present study aimed to examine the relationship of concentration and tranquility with mindfulness and indicators of mental health. With no existing self-report measure assessing concentration and tranquility, the Concentration Scale and Tranquility Scale were first developed and validated. Items were developed based on the extant literature, rated by a group of experts, and selected according to their ratings. Exploratory factor analyses (EFA; n = 384) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA; n = 384) were employed in separate samples of university students and community adults to establish the factor structure of both scales. Their construct validity was established in another similar sample (n = 333) by examining their correlations with variables including (a) concentration-related concepts, (b) tranquility-related concepts, (c) mindfulness-related concepts, and (d) perceived stress and psychological distress. The relationships between concentration, tranquility, mindfulness, perceived stress and psychological distress were then examined by hierarchical multiple regressions, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. A single-factor structure was found by the EFA and confirmed by the CFA for both scales. Concentration and tranquility were significantly and positively associated with (a) attentional control and (b) mindfulness and nonattachment; and negatively associated with (c) irritability and (d) perceived stress and psychological distress. Concentration and tranquility were found to have a significant incremental value over the effect of mindfulness on indicators of mental health. Concentration and tranquility can incrementally explain mental health above and beyond the effect of mindfulness.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/ijerph20085470\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1229addc677b5dd9522294057b58db05b6e71346\",\n \"result_position\": 1,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 227948837,\n \"title\": \"The plasticity of well-being: A training-based framework for the cultivation of human flourishing\",\n \"venue\": \"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Cortland J. Dahl\",\n \"Christine D. Wilson-Mendenhall\",\n \"R. Davidson\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Research indicates that core dimensions of psychological well-being can be cultivated through intentional mental training. Despite growing research in this area and an increasing number of interventions designed to improve psychological well-being, the field lacks a unifying framework that clarifies the dimensions of human flourishing that can be cultivated. Here, we integrate evidence from well-being research, cognitive and affective neuroscience, and clinical psychology to highlight four core dimensions of well-being—awareness, connection, insight, and purpose. We discuss the importance of each dimension for psychological well-being, identify mechanisms that underlie their cultivation, and present evidence of their neural and psychological plasticity. This synthesis highlights key insights, as well as important gaps, in the scientific understanding of well-being and how it may be cultivated, thus highlighting future research directions.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1073/pnas.2014859117\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a50a0ebb3b01f70c45629c23c730ed0b02faf978\",\n \"result_position\": 2,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 235420069,\n \"title\": \"From many to (n)one:Meditation and the plasticity of the predictive mind.\",\n \"venue\": \"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ruben E. Laukkonen\",\n \"H. Slagter\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"How profoundly can humans change their own minds? In this paper we offer a unifying account of deconstructive meditation under the predictive processing view. We start from simple axioms. First, the brain makes predictions based on past experience, both phylogenetic and ontogenetic. Second, deconstructive meditation brings one closer to the here and now by disengaging anticipatory processes. We propose that practicing meditation therefore gradually reduces counterfactual temporally deep cognition, until all conceptual processing falls away, unveiling a state of pure awareness. Our account also places three main styles of meditation (focused attention, open monitoring, and non-dual) on a single continuum, where each technique relinquishes increasingly engrained habits of prediction, including the predicted self. This deconstruction can also permit certain insights by making the above processes available to introspection. Our framework is consistent with the state of empirical and (neuro)phenomenological evidence and illuminates the top-down plasticity of the predictive mind. Experimental rigor, neurophenomenology, and no-report paradigms are needed to further understanding of how meditation affects predictive processing and the self.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.31234/osf.io/5sw6m\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c4f7db154e3a4aca16b1de1e28cc9ff056eb02f1\",\n \"result_position\": 3,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 38035138,\n \"title\": \"MEDITATION\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 1966,\n \"authors\": [\n \"T. Dwelle\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1111/j.1526-4610.1966.hed0504129.x\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8d0b94d3d713981d99ef83f69e6b41b452cfa1ba\",\n \"result_position\": 4,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 218484376,\n \"title\": \"Common and distinct lateralised patterns of neural coupling during focused attention, open monitoring and loving kindness meditation\",\n \"venue\": \"Scientific Reports\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Yordanova\",\n \"V. Kolev\",\n \"F. Mauro\",\n \"V. Nicolardi\",\n \"Luca Simione\",\n \"Lucia Calabrese\",\n \"Manish Kumar Dwivedi\",\n \"A. Raffone\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Meditation has been integrated into different therapeutic interventions. To inform the evidence-based selection of specific meditation types it is crucial to understand the neural processes associated with different meditation practices. Here we explore commonalities and differences in electroencephalographic oscillatory spatial synchronisation patterns across three important meditation types. Highly experienced meditators engaged in focused attention, open monitoring, and loving kindness meditation. Improving on previous research, our approach avoids comparisons between groups that limited previous findings, while ensuring that the meditation states are reliably established. Employing a novel measure of neural coupling – the imaginary part of EEG coherence – the study revealed that all meditation conditions displayed a common connectivity pattern that is characterised by increased connectivity of (a) broadly distributed delta networks, (b) left-hemispheric theta networks with a local integrating posterior focus, and (c) right-hemispheric alpha networks, with a local integrating parieto-occipital focus. Furthermore, each meditation state also expressed specific synchronisation patterns differentially recruiting left- or right-lateralised beta networks. These observations provide evidence that in addition to global patterns, frequency-specific inter-hemispheric asymmetry is one major feature of meditation, and that mental processes specific to each meditation type are also supported by lateralised networks from fast-frequency bands.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s41598-020-64324-6\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2d39bbbcd8115f94a0ee4afc3bb1ba2a3063a119\",\n \"result_position\": 5,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 251274096,\n \"title\": \"Exploring tranquility: Eastern and Western perspectives\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Psychology\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Vincent Ringgaard Christoffersen\",\n \"B. Škodlar\",\n \"M. G. Henriksen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Although tranquility is a fundamental aspect of human life, the experiential nature of tranquility remains elusive. Traditionally, many philosophical, religious, spiritual, or mystical traditions in East and West have strived to reach tranquil experiences and produced texts serving as manuals to reach them. Yet, no attempt has been made to compare experiences of tranquility and explore what they may have in common. The purpose of this theoretical study is to explore the experiential nature of tranquility. First, we present examples of what we consider some of the most central experiences of tranquility in Eastern and Western traditions. For the sake of simplicity, we sort these examples into four categories based on their experiential focus: the body, emotions, the mind, and mysticism. Second, we offer an exploratory account of tranquility, arguing that the different examples of tranquility seem to share certain experiential features. More specifically, we propose that the shared features pertain both to the content or quality of the tranquil experiences, which involves a sense of presence and inner peace, and to the structure of these experiences, which seems to involve some degree of detachment and absorption.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fpsyg.2022.931827\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/76bb8d93e83939d236f0df69ea920d42e12b7873\",\n \"result_position\": 6,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 257032909,\n \"title\": \"Common and distinct lateralised patterns of neural coupling during focused attention, open monitoring and loving kindness meditation\",\n \"venue\": \"Scientific Reports\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Yordanova\",\n \"V. Kolev\",\n \"F. Mauro\",\n \"V. Nicolardi\",\n \"Luca Simione\",\n \"Lucia Calabrese\",\n \"Manish Kumar Dwivedi\",\n \"A. Raffone\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Meditation has been integrated into different therapeutic interventions. To inform the evidence-based selection of specific meditation types it is crucial to understand the neural processes associated with different meditation practices. Here we explore commonalities and differences in electroencephalographic oscillatory spatial synchronisation patterns across three important meditation types. Highly experienced meditators engaged in focused attention, open monitoring, and loving kindness meditation. Improving on previous research, our approach avoids comparisons between groups that limited previous findings, while ensuring that the meditation states are reliably established. Employing a novel measure of neural coupling – the imaginary part of EEG coherence – the study revealed that all meditation conditions displayed a common connectivity pattern that is characterised by increased connectivity of (a) broadly distributed delta networks, (b) left-hemispheric theta networks with a local integrating posterior focus, and (c) right-hemispheric alpha networks, with a local integrating parieto-occipital focus. Furthermore, each meditation state also expressed specific synchronisation patterns differentially recruiting left- or right-lateralised beta networks. These observations provide evidence that in addition to global patterns, frequency-specific inter-hemispheric asymmetry is one major feature of meditation, and that mental processes specific to each meditation type are also supported by lateralised networks from fast-frequency bands.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s41598-020-64324-6\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c1dbc763496d370b2f7334539cea5d64c7bf0510\",\n \"result_position\": 7,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 13857183,\n \"title\": \"Toward a unifying taxonomy and definition for meditation\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Psychology\",\n \"year\": 2013,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jonathan Nash\",\n \"A. Newberg\",\n \"Bhuvanesh Awasthi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"One of the well-documented concerns confronting scholarly discourse about meditation is the plethora of semantic constructs and the lack of a unified definition and taxonomy. In recent years there have been several notable attempts to formulate new lexicons in order to define and categorize meditation methods. While these constructs have been useful and have encountered varying degrees of acceptance, they have also been subject to misinterpretation and debate, leaving the field devoid of a consensual paradigm. This paper attempts to influence this ongoing discussion by proposing two new models which hold the potential for enhanced scientific reliability and acceptance. Regarding the quest for a universally acceptable taxonomy, we suggest a paradigm shift away from the norm of fabricatIng new terminology from a first-person perspective. As an alternative, we propose a new taxonomic system based on the historically well-established and commonly accepted third-person paradigm of Affect and Cognition, borrowed, in part, from the psychological and cognitive sciences. With regard to the elusive definitional problem, we propose a model of meditation which clearly distinguishes “method” from “state” and is conceptualized as a dynamic process which is inclusive of six related but distinct stages. The overall goal is to provide researchers with a reliable nomenclature with which to categorize and classify diverse meditation methods, and a conceptual framework which can provide direction for their research and a theoretical basis for their findings.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00806\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/23f71fc1f5ec04f0196cff2ea8a561a0e9240cad\",\n \"result_position\": 8,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 85517130,\n \"title\": \"Time perception and the experience of agency in meditation and hypnosis\",\n \"venue\": \"PsyCh Journal\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"P. Lush\",\n \"Z. Dienes\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract Mindfulness meditation and hypnosis are related in opposing ways to awareness of intentions. The cold control theory of hypnosis proposes that hypnotic responding involves the experience of involuntariness while performing an actually intentional action. Hypnosis therefore relies upon inaccurate metacognition about intentional actions and experiences. Mindfulness meditation centrally involves awareness of intentions and is associated with improved metacognitive access to intentions. Therefore, mindfulness meditators and highly hypnotizable people may lie at opposite ends of a spectrum with regard to metacognitive access to intention‐related information. Here we review the theoretical background and evidence for differences in the metacognition of intentions in these groups, as revealed by chronometric measures of the awareness of voluntary action: the timing of an intention to move (Libet's “W” judgments) and the compressed perception of time between an intentional action and its outcome (“intentional binding”). We review these measures and critically evaluate their proposed connection to the experience of volition and sense of agency.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1002/pchj.276\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c3fc46cbfb5f39f58c57a8ea0de18cf7c3e7bc28\",\n \"result_position\": 9,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 244171444,\n \"title\": \"Overcoming Automaticity Through Meditation\",\n \"venue\": \"Mindfulness\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Thomas K. Maran\",\n \"M. Woźnica\",\n \"Sebastian Moder\",\n \"Marco Furtner\",\n \"Elias Jehle\",\n \"Stanislaw Hörner\",\n \"Gregor Hugger\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Meditation practice has recently moved into applied research to improve cognitive functions. However, it is a multifaceted practice, with focused attention meditation relying on a sharp focus, and open monitoring meditation relying on a diffuse awareness. This study aims to assess the effects of differential alterations of cognition following distinct meditative training and focuses on practitioners’ tendency to fall victim to erroneous automaticity in responding when faced with cognitive conflict. Seventy-three individuals were randomly assigned to one of three intervention groups (internally focused attention meditation, externally focused attention meditation, open monitoring meditation) or a wait list control group. The meditation groups were trained over the course of 4 weeks and eight sessions. Changes in proneness to erroneous automatic responding were tested using two cognitive performance tasks that induce learned or instructed automaticity (Dot Pattern Expectancy paradigm, NEXT-paradigm). Overall, meditation training generally improved overcoming learned automaticity (rs = .26–.36, ps = .002–.031) but not instructed automaticity compared to the control condition. Furthermore, data suggest open monitoring outperformed focused attention in overcoming learned automaticity in one task (rs = .31–.56, ps ≤ .001–.009). Our results provide evidence for meditative training to facilitate practitioners’ ability to select the most appropriate course of action against overlearned habits in light of the peculiarities of their current situation. Open monitoring meditation is a particularly promising avenue for reducing one’s liability to erroneous habits.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s12671-021-01749-8\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2757680306305f77a1fbaa35b7d30eae9612d332\",\n \"result_position\": 10,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 781364,\n \"title\": \"Meditation and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of the American Heart Association : Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"G. Levine\",\n \"R. Lange\",\n \"C. Bairey-Merz\",\n \"R. Davidson\",\n \"K. Jamerson\",\n \"P. Mehta\",\n \"E. Michos\",\n \"Keith C. Norris\",\n \"I. Ray\",\n \"Karen L. Saban\",\n \"Tina Shah\",\n \"R. Stein\",\n \"Sidney C. Smith\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract Despite numerous advances in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Novel and inexpensive interventions that can contribute to the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease are of interest. Numerous studies have reported on the benefits of meditation. Meditation instruction and practice is widely accessible and inexpensive and may thus be a potential attractive cost‐effective adjunct to more traditional medical therapies. Accordingly, this American Heart Association scientific statement systematically reviewed the data on the potential benefits of meditation on cardiovascular risk. Neurophysiological and neuroanatomical studies demonstrate that meditation can have long‐standing effects on the brain, which provide some biological plausibility for beneficial consequences on the physiological basal state and on cardiovascular risk. Studies of the effects of meditation on cardiovascular risk have included those investigating physiological response to stress, smoking cessation, blood pressure reduction, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, endothelial function, inducible myocardial ischemia, and primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Overall, studies of meditation suggest a possible benefit on cardiovascular risk, although the overall quality and, in some cases, quantity of study data are modest. Given the low costs and low risks of this intervention, meditation may be considered as an adjunct to guideline‐directed cardiovascular risk reduction by those interested in this lifestyle modification, with the understanding that the benefits of such intervention remain to be better established. Further research on meditation and cardiovascular risk is warranted. Such studies, to the degree possible, should utilize randomized study design, be adequately powered to meet the primary study outcome, strive to achieve low drop‐out rates, include long‐term follow‐up, and be performed by those without inherent bias in outcome.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1161/JAHA.117.002218\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/808f46b8d6ba9f88c2da482eb9f67982328aff1e\",\n \"result_position\": 11,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 211260220,\n \"title\": \"Exploring the Use of Meditation as a Valuable Tool to Counteract Sedentariness\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Psychology\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Bigliassi\",\n \"R. Bertuzzi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Some forms of meditation have been recently proposed as effective tools to facilitate the handling of undesired thoughts and reappraisal of negative emotions that commonly arise during exercise-related situations. The effects of meditation-based interventions on psychological responses could also be used as a means by which to increase exercise adherence and counteract the detrimental consequences of sedentariness. In the present article, we briefly describe the effects of meditation on physical activity and related factors. We also propose a theoretical model as a means by which to further understanding of the effects of meditation on psychological, psychophysical, and psychophysiological responses during exercise. The results of very recent studies in the realms of cognitive and affective psychology are promising. The putative psychological mechanisms underlying the effects of meditation on exercise appear to be associated with the interpretation of interoceptive and exteroceptive sensory signals. This is primarily due to the fact that meditation influences the cerebral processing of physical sensations, emotions, and thoughts. In such instances, the bodily and perceptual responses that are commonly reported during exercise might be assuaged during the practice of meditation. It also appears that conscious presence and self-compassion function as an emotional backdrop against which more complex behaviors can be forged. In such instances, re-engagement to physical activity programs can be more effectively achieved through the implementation of holistic methods to treat the body and mind. The comments provided in the present paper might have very important implications for exercise adherence and the treatment of hypokinetic diseases.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00299\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0385750dc860392bc1b06fc26a3f21a3721e3479\",\n \"result_position\": 12,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 201980800,\n \"title\": \"The neural mechanisms of mindfulness-based pain relief: a functional magnetic resonance imaging-based review and primer\",\n \"venue\": \"PAIN Reports\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"F. Zeidan\",\n \"J. Baumgartner\",\n \"R. Coghill\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract The advent of neuroimaging methodologies, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), has significantly advanced our understanding of the neurophysiological processes supporting a wide spectrum of mind–body approaches to treat pain. A promising self-regulatory practice, mindfulness meditation, reliably alleviates experimentally induced and clinical pain. Yet, the neural mechanisms supporting mindfulness-based pain relief remain poorly characterized. The present review delineates evidence from a spectrum of fMRI studies showing that the neural mechanisms supporting mindfulness-induced pain attenuation differ across varying levels of meditative experience. After brief mindfulness-based mental training (ie, less than 10 hours of practice), mindfulness-based pain relief is associated with higher order (orbitofrontal cortex and rostral anterior cingulate cortex) regulation of low-level nociceptive neural targets (thalamus and primary somatosensory cortex), suggesting an engagement of unique, reappraisal mechanisms. By contrast, mindfulness-based pain relief after extensive training (greater than 1000 hours of practice) is associated with deactivation of prefrontal and greater activation of somatosensory cortical regions, demonstrating an ability to reduce appraisals of arising sensory events. We also describe recent findings showing that higher levels of dispositional mindfulness, in meditation-naïve individuals, are associated with lower pain and greater deactivation of the posterior cingulate cortex, a neural mechanism implicated in self-referential processes. A brief fMRI primer is presented describing appropriate steps and considerations to conduct studies combining mindfulness, pain, and fMRI. We postulate that the identification of the active analgesic neural substrates involved in mindfulness can be used to inform the development and optimization of behavioral therapies to specifically target pain, an important consideration for the ongoing opioid and chronic pain epidemic.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1097/PR9.0000000000000759\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/61aec2935780e8101570c8d8fe3bf5d20cb160b6\",\n \"result_position\": 13,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 278391876,\n \"title\": \"The individual and sequential effect of focused attention and open monitoring meditation on mindfulness skills\",\n \"venue\": \"PLoS ONE\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Haruyuki Ishikawa\",\n \"Toshizumi Muta\",\n \"Tetsuri Abe\",\n \"Nozomi Imajo\",\n \"F. Koshikawa\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Mindfulness meditation has two components: focused attention (FA) meditation and open-monitoring (OM) meditation. Based on traditional Buddhist principles, it is recommended that FA meditation be practiced prior to OM meditation. However, the influence of the order in which these meditations are practiced on the efficacy of interventions has not yet been empirically investigated. This study examined the effects of the order of FA and OM meditation on the level and process of acquiring mindfulness skills. Thirty-three Japanese undergraduate and graduate students who were meditation novices completed the intervention. Participants were assigned to three groups: the group practicing 4-week FA meditation prior to 4-week OM meditation (FA-OM group), the group practicing meditation in reverse order (OM-FA group), and the wait-list control group. Each meditation training session consisted of one 1-hour group session per week and a 15-min daily homework. All participants were assessed for trait mindfulness once a week. The results showed that the FA-OM group scored higher than the control group for most mindfulness skills. In addition, awareness, describing, acceptance, and observing skills increased earlier in the FA-OM group than in the OM-FA group. However, the skill of staying aware at the present moment increased earlier in the OM-FA group than in the FA-OM group. These results suggest that the order of practicing the two meditations primarily influences the process of acquiring mindfulness skills rather than the level of skills, and that it is reasonable to practice FA meditation prior to OM meditation to cultivate mindfulness skills for novices.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1371/journal.pone.0322537\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6172691c897cfaf5f6c1efeef515ab931a2866d4\",\n \"result_position\": 14,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 149818261,\n \"title\": \"Dynamic and Static Models of Body-Mind Approaches from Neurobiological Perspectives\",\n \"venue\": \"Neuroethics in Principle and Praxis - Conceptual Foundations\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Shoichi Shiota\",\n \"M. Nomura\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Body-mind approaches (e.g., yoga, mindfulness meditation, Pilates method, and cognitive behavior therapy) are commonly used by the public today. However, the comprehensive neurobiological framework of effects of body-mind approaches is unknown. To begin, we discuss the dynamic and static models of each body-mind approaches from neurobiological perspectives, as well as from the standpoint of practical issues. By the dynamic components of body-mind approaches, people enhances meta-cognitive function, and it lead to decreases in avoidance behavior in social aversive context are suggested. On the other hand, it is assumed that static components of body-mind approaches enhance non-reactive monitoring function for baseline of self. Therefore, we discuss the implications of these findings for practitioners and for future research on body-mind researchers. Additionally, this chapter covers the essential ethical guidelines of body-mind approaches within the domain of medical or educational fields.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81397\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/843695216ee44ee7cddd2d94530c629f850805b7\",\n \"result_position\": 15,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 12150603,\n \"title\": \"Mind wandering and attention during focused meditation: A fine-grained temporal analysis of fluctuating cognitive states\",\n \"venue\": \"NeuroImage\",\n \"year\": 2012,\n \"authors\": [\n \"W. Hasenkamp\",\n \"Christine D. Wilson-Mendenhall\",\n \"Erica Duncan\",\n \"L. Barsalou\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.07.008\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bd502282af096df92a6ac10c0cd1403b17de0d20\",\n \"result_position\": 16,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 231874583,\n \"title\": \"Is a meditation retreat the better vacation? effect of retreats and vacations on fatigue, emotional well-being, and acting with awareness.\",\n \"venue\": \"PLoS ONE\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"G. Blasche\",\n \"Jessica deBloom\",\n \"A. Chang\",\n \"Otto Pichlhoefer\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"It is well established that leisure vacations markedly improve well-being, but that these effects are only of short duration. The present study aimed to investigate whether vacation effects would be more lasting if individuals practiced meditation during the leisure episode. Meditation is known to improve well-being durably, among others, by enhancing the mental faculty of mindfulness. In this aim, leisure vacations during which individuals practiced meditation to some extent were compared with holidays not including any formal meditation practice as well as with meditation retreats (characterized by intense meditation practice) utilizing a naturalistic observational design. Fatigue, well-being, and mindfulness were assessed ten days before, ten days after, and ten weeks after the stays in a sample of 120 individuals accustomed to meditation practices. To account for differences in the experience of these stays, recovery experiences were additionally assessed. Ten days after the stay, there were no differences except for an increase in mindfulness for those practicing meditation. Ten weeks after the stay, meditation retreats and vacations including meditation were associated with greater increases in mindfulness, lower levels of fatigue, and higher levels of well-being than an \\\"ordinary\\\" vacation during which meditation was not practiced. The finding suggests that the inclusion of meditation practice during vacation could help alleviate vacations' greatest pitfall, namely the rapid decline of its positive effects.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1371/journal.pone.0246038\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cb5ef4c7400053b450854f41cc46974a025472fd\",\n \"result_position\": 17,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 245505273,\n \"title\": \"Effect of Brief Focused Attention Meditation on Theory of Mind\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Indian Psychology\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Piyush\",\n \"Pankaj Srivastava\",\n \"Harvinder Pal Singh\",\n \"Arun Garg\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Background: The ability to infer and understand the mental states of others termed as Theory of Mind, is an intrinsic part of social interaction. Most efforts have been made to study disorders related to ToM i.e. depletion in ToM and considerably less is known about variables that may enhance ToM. Further, effects of meditation have been studied extensively in domains of Attention and Emotional regulation, yet only few studies have studied effect of meditation on ToM. In current study, brief intervention methodology was used to access effects of meditative practice on Theory of Mind. Two groups were formed, first group consisted of subject who were treated with a particular type of meditation termed as Focused Attention meditation and second group was treated with a pseudo meditation. Treatment used was of 20-minute duration in both groups and subjects of both groups were without any prior long term experience in any form of meditation. Result: After that subject self-reported mindfulness, attention and awareness via MAAS- state scale and then participated in a ToM experiment called YONI task, to access any changes in their ability to do ToM, for both cognitive ToM and affective ToM. The results indicated that brief Focused Attention meditation enhanced both Cognitive ToM and Affective ToM.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.25215/0402.142\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/850953d25018f9f42b15b26cd2b080b9b87ab69f\",\n \"result_position\": 18,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 4627185,\n \"title\": \"Arousal vs. Relaxation: A Comparison of the Neurophysiological and Cognitive Correlates of Vajrayana and Theravada Meditative Practices\",\n \"venue\": \"PLoS ONE\",\n \"year\": 2014,\n \"authors\": [\n \"I. Amihai\",\n \"M. Kozhevnikov\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Based on evidence of parasympathetic activation, early studies defined meditation as a relaxation response. Later research attempted to categorize meditation as either involving focused or distributed attentional systems. Neither of these hypotheses received strong empirical support, and most of the studies investigated Theravada style meditative practices. In this study, we compared neurophysiological (EEG, EKG) and cognitive correlates of meditative practices that are thought to utilize either focused or distributed attention, from both Theravada and Vajrayana traditions. The results of Study 1 show that both focused (Shamatha) and distributed (Vipassana) attention meditations of the Theravada tradition produced enhanced parasympathetic activation indicative of a relaxation response. In contrast, both focused (Deity) and distributed (Rig-pa) meditations of the Vajrayana tradition produced sympathetic activation, indicative of arousal. Additionally, the results of Study 2 demonstrated an immediate dramatic increase in performance on cognitive tasks following only Vajrayana styles of meditation, indicating enhanced phasic alertness due to arousal. Furthermore, our EEG results showed qualitatively different patterns of activation between Theravada and Vajrayana meditations, albeit highly similar activity between meditations within the same tradition. In conclusion, consistent with Tibetan scriptures that described Shamatha and Vipassana techniques as those that calm and relax the mind, and Vajrayana techniques as those that require ‘an awake quality’ of the mind, we show that Theravada and Vajrayana meditations are based on different neurophysiological mechanisms, which give rise to either a relaxation or arousal response. Hence, it may be more appropriate to categorize meditations in terms of relaxation vs. arousal, whereas classification methods that rely on the focused vs. distributed attention dichotomy may need to be reexamined.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1371/journal.pone.0102990\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/74ad1f7d40f791a04bf5e14fc431affe5032afef\",\n \"result_position\": 19,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 6295090,\n \"title\": \"The effect of focused attention and open monitoring meditation on attention network function in healthy volunteers.\",\n \"venue\": \"Psychiatry Research\",\n \"year\": 2013,\n \"authors\": [\n \"B. Ainsworth\",\n \"Rachael Eddershaw\",\n \"D. Meron\",\n \"D. Baldwin\",\n \"M. Garner\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.psychres.2013.09.002\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5f1f12015d55c51764be27df92de175d2de8ee0d\",\n \"result_position\": 20,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 144183097,\n \"title\": \"Self, Performativity and Vipassana Meditation: Some Theoretical Considerations\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2010,\n \"authors\": [\n \"António Carvalho\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The present proliferation of alternative and non-western practices challenges the way how modern selves are enacted, the distinction between ancient and contemporary, and obliges us to rethink the ways our bodies and minds are produced. By mingling the care of the self and self knowledge, some technologies of the self offer interesting paths to redefine and change our selves, questioning the hegemony of Science and Technology as the only way to operate a radical transformation of the human condition. I propose, through this article, an ontological and performative conception of vipassana meditation, faithful to the performative idiom of Science and Technology Studies, but recognizing its limitations to talk about selves and non-western practices. Performativity, here, is not understood as some naif nostalgia of pre-representational realism – it rather explores the substantial nature of practice (and ritual), questioning ontological determination and carrying anthropological and political implications.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.4000/ECES.445\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a91fda0105195e735ed607fad5b9ff2e45e05e9c\",\n \"result_position\": 21,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 7326456,\n \"title\": \"Potential self-regulatory mechanisms of yoga for psychological health\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience\",\n \"year\": 2014,\n \"authors\": [\n \"T. Gard\",\n \"J. J. Noggle\",\n \"Crystal L. Park\",\n \"David R. Vago\",\n \"Angela Wilson\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Research suggesting the beneficial effects of yoga on myriad aspects of psychological health has proliferated in recent years, yet there is currently no overarching framework by which to understand yoga’s potential beneficial effects. Here we provide a theoretical framework and systems-based network model of yoga that focuses on integration of top-down and bottom-up forms of self-regulation. We begin by contextualizing yoga in historical and contemporary settings, and then detail how specific components of yoga practice may affect cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and autonomic output under stress through an emphasis on interoception and bottom-up input, resulting in physical and psychological health. The model describes yoga practice as a comprehensive skillset of synergistic process tools that facilitate bidirectional feedback and integration between high- and low-level brain networks, and afferent and re-afferent input from interoceptive processes (somatosensory, viscerosensory, chemosensory). From a predictive coding perspective we propose a shift to perceptual inference for stress modulation and optimal self-regulation. We describe how the processes that sub-serve self-regulation become more automatized and efficient over time and practice, requiring less effort to initiate when necessary and terminate more rapidly when no longer needed. To support our proposed model, we present the available evidence for yoga affecting self-regulatory pathways, integrating existing constructs from behavior theory and cognitive neuroscience with emerging yoga and meditation research. This paper is intended to guide future basic and clinical research, specifically targeting areas of development in the treatment of stress-mediated psychological disorders.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fnhum.2014.00770\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e0b79061a79a81e3373ee3bc907ef7a18ac7f3c0\",\n \"result_position\": 22,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 18323124,\n \"title\": \"A week-long meditation retreat decouples behavioral measures of the alerting and executive attention networks\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience\",\n \"year\": 2014,\n \"authors\": [\n \"James C. Elliott\",\n \"B. A. Wallace\",\n \"B. Giesbrecht\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Previous studies have examined the influence of meditation on three functionally different components of attention: executive control, alerting, and orienting. These studies have consistently found that meditation training improves both executive attention and alerting, but there has not been a consistent and clear effect of meditation training on orienting. In addition, while previous studies have shown that the functional coupling of the alerting and executive networks increases the processing of task irrelevant stimuli, it is unknown if participating in a meditation retreat can decouple these components of attention and lead to improved performance. The current study investigated the influence of a week-long intensive meditation retreat on three components of attention by randomly assigning participants to either pre- or postretreat testing groups. A modified attention network test (ANT) was used. Executive attention was measured as the difference in response time (RT) between congruent and incongruent task irrelevant flankers (conflict effect). Reflexive and volitional orienting were measured by manipulating cue validity and stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA). The coupling of executive attention and alerting was measured by examining flanker interference as a function of the SOA of an alerting cue. The meditation retreat improved task based indices of executive attention, but not reflexive or volitional orienting. There was clear behavioral evidence of coupling between executive attention and alerting in the preretreat group, as the conflict effect peaked when an alerting cue was presented 300 ms before the target. Importantly, there was no increase in the conflict effect for the postretreat group. This is consistent with the notion that the retreat decoupled the executive and alerting networks. These results suggest that previously reported improvements in the executive and alerting networks after meditation training might be mediated by the same underlying mechanism.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fnhum.2014.00069\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9106cd3a272e84e18973578cb2ea9da90b793cfd\",\n \"result_position\": 23,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 274506258,\n \"title\": \"Dynamic brain states underlying advanced concentrative absorption meditation: A 7-T fMRI-intensive case study\",\n \"venue\": \"Network Neuroscience\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Isaac N. Treves\",\n \"Winson F. Z. Yang\",\n \"Terje Sparby\",\n \"M. Sacchet\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract Advanced meditation consists of states and stages of practice that unfold with mastery and time. Dynamic functional connectivity (DFC) analysis of fMRI could identify brain states underlying advanced meditation. We conducted an intensive DFC case study of a meditator who completed 27 runs of jhāna advanced absorptive concentration meditation (ACAM-J), concurrently with 7-T fMRI and phenomenological reporting. We identified three brain states that marked differences between ACAM-J and nonmeditative control conditions. These states were characterized as a DMN-anticorrelated brain state, a hyperconnected brain state, and a sparsely connected brain state. Our analyses indicate higher prevalence of the DMN-anticorrelated brain state during ACAM-J than control states, and the prevalence increased significantly with deeper ACAM-J states. The hyperconnected brain state was also more common during ACAM-J and was characterized by elevated thalamocortical connectivity and somatomotor network connectivity. The hyperconnected brain state significantly decreased over the course of ACAM-J, associating with self-reports of wider attention and diminished physical sensations. This brain state may be related to sensory awareness. Advanced meditators have developed well-honed abilities to move in and out of different altered states of consciousness, and this study provides initial evidence that functional neuroimaging can objectively track their dynamics.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1162/netn_a_00432\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a303903fa5f79fa762702432e8a6cb65182168b8\",\n \"result_position\": 24,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 237158368,\n \"title\": \"Developing our students' level of mindfulness during these unprecedented times\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"P. Reilly\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The pandemic has provoked disruptions in students' lives and studies worldwide, which has caused them to feel moderate to high levels of anxiety and stress. Universities have responded by offering online counseling and communicating self-help recommendations via their websites. Curiously, the role that professors could play to reduce this emotional hardship has been ignored in the literature. This instructional paper describes how and why three professors in Mexico include a brief, daily mindful practice in class to help their students cope with the negative emotions that may arise. Psychological and educational research has indicated that the development of mindfulness reduces emotional pain and increases one’s sense of well-being. Importantly, the focused-attention meditation described herein does not require an experienced mediator. A script to guide the practice is being used by the three professors, and could serve as a starting point for willing professors. Educators may also discover that the practice improves academic achievement because it activates executive functions (e.g. inhibitory control; working memory), thereby enhancing cognitive functioning. The paper also presents several practical implications involved with the practice, as well as initial reactions from professors and students.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.53761/1.17.5.20\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/343a7e8e37f5db5fac8bb18331480469023a38dc\",\n \"result_position\": 25,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 274446563,\n \"title\": \"Integrated phenomenology and brain connectivity demonstrate changes in nonlinear processing in jhana advanced meditation\",\n \"venue\": \"bioRxiv\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ruby M. Potash\",\n \"Sean D. van Mil\",\n \"Mar Estarellas\",\n \"Andrés Canales-Johnson\",\n \"M. Sacchet\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"We present a neurophenomenological case study investigating distinct neural connectivity regimes during an advanced concentrative absorption meditation called jhana (ACAM-J),characterized by highly-stable attention and mental absorption. Using EEG recordings and phenomenological ratings (29 sessions) from a meditator with +20,000 hours of practice, we evaluated connectivity metrics tracking distinct large-scale neural interactions: nonlinear (WSMI and Directed Information), capturing non-oscillatory dynamics; and linear (WPLI) connectivity metrics, capturing oscillatory synchrony. Results demonstrate ACAM-J are better distinguished by non-oscillatory compared to oscillatory dynamics across multiple frequency ranges. Furthermore, combining attention-related phenomenological ratings with WSMI improves Bayesian decoding of ACAM-J compared to neural metrics alone. Crucially, deeper ACAM-J indicate an equalization of feedback and feedforward processes, suggesting a balance of internally- and externally-driven information processing. The results from this intensively sampled case study are a promising initial step in revealing the distinct neural dynamics during ACAM-J, offering insights into refined conscious states and highlighting the value of nonlinear neurophenomenological approaches to studying attentional states.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1101/2024.11.29.626048\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/be219337f032f9fd5855e1b718de91b5bb8dfb88\",\n \"result_position\": 26,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 204811481,\n \"title\": \"PROMISE: A Model of Insight and Equanimity as the Key Effects of Mindfulness Meditation\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Psychology\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Juliane Eberth\",\n \"P. Sedlmeier\",\n \"Thomas Schäfer\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In a comprehensive meta-analysis on the effects of mindfulness meditation, Eberth and Sedlmeier (2012) identified a multitude of positive effects that covered a wide range of psychological variables, such as heightened mindfulness as measured through contemporary mindfulness scales, reduced negative emotions, increased positive emotions, changes in self-concept, enhanced attention, perception, and wellbeing, improved interpersonal abilities, and a reduction of negative personality traits. The present research aimed at developing and testing a comprehensive model explaining the wide range of mindfulness meditation effects and their temporal and causal relationships. In Study 1, interviews with meditators at different levels of experience were analyzed using a grounded theory procedure. The resulting model was triangulated and refined by concepts from both Western research and ancient Buddhist scriptures. The model developed highlights equanimity (reduction in emotional reactivity) and insight (alteration of cognitions) as the two key effects of mindfulness meditation that eventually lead to increased wellbeing. The model was pilot-tested with a large sample of meditators and non-meditators in Study 2. Data showed an acceptable fit with the model and indicated that meditators and non-meditators score significantly differently on the model’s core categories.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02389\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/655b3de667725deb16bb231ec7200f72ef98f693\",\n \"result_position\": 27,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 13954992,\n \"title\": \"Issues and Perspectives in Meditation Research: In Search for a Definition\",\n \"venue\": \"Front. Psychology\",\n \"year\": 2013,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Bhuvanesh Awasthi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Despite the growing interest in the neurobiological correlates of meditation, most research has omitted to take into account the underlying philosophical aspects of meditation and its wider implications. This, in turn, is reflected in issues surrounding definition, study design, and outcomes. Here, I highlight the often ignored but important aspect of definition in the existing scholarship on neuroscience and meditation practice. For a satisfactory account of a neuroscience of meditation, we must aim to retrieve an operational definition that is inclusive of a traditional ontological description as well as the modern neurocognitive account of the phenomena. Moving beyond examining the effects of meditation practice, to take a potential step forward in the direction to establish how meditation works, it becomes crucial to appraise the philosophical positions that underlie the phenomenology of meditation in the originating traditions. This endeavor may challenge our intuitions and concepts in either directions, but issues pertaining to definition, design, and validity of response measures are extremely important for the evolution of the field and will provide a much-needed context and framework for meditation based interventions.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00613\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b77c7e37577e08a355030eecfc34347776034218\",\n \"result_position\": 28,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 6681566,\n \"title\": \"Effects of Meditation Experience on Functional Connectivity of Distributed Brain Networks\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience\",\n \"year\": 2012,\n \"authors\": [\n \"W. Hasenkamp\",\n \"L. Barsalou\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This study sought to examine the effect of meditation experience on brain networks underlying cognitive actions employed during contemplative practice. In a previous study, we proposed a basic model of naturalistic cognitive fluctuations that occur during the practice of focused attention meditation. This model specifies four intervals in a cognitive cycle: mind wandering (MW), awareness of MW, shifting of attention, and sustained attention. Using subjective input from experienced practitioners during meditation, we identified activity in salience network regions during awareness of MW and executive network regions during shifting and sustained attention. Brain regions associated with the default mode were active during MW. In the present study, we reasoned that repeated activation of attentional brain networks over years of practice may induce lasting functional connectivity changes within relevant circuits. To investigate this possibility, we created seeds representing the networks that were active during the four phases of the earlier study, and examined functional connectivity during the resting state in the same participants. Connectivity maps were then contrasted between participants with high vs. low meditation experience. Participants with more meditation experience exhibited increased connectivity within attentional networks, as well as between attentional regions and medial frontal regions. These neural relationships may be involved in the development of cognitive skills, such as maintaining attention and disengaging from distraction, that are often reported with meditation practice. Furthermore, because altered connectivity of brain regions in experienced meditators was observed in a non-meditative (resting) state, this may represent a transference of cognitive abilities “off the cushion” into daily life.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fnhum.2012.00038\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0df0c3ec65fb5d73a4e7e0964f4913e08fda27ca\",\n \"result_position\": 29,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 226949017,\n \"title\": \"Effect of Brief Open Monitoring Mindfulness Mediation on Theory of Mind\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"P. Parimoo\",\n \"Shivani Sharma\",\n \"Navneet Chopra\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Background: The ability to infer and understand the mental states of others termed as Theory of Mind, is an intrinsic part of social interaction. Most efforts have been made to study disorders related to ToM i.e. depletion in ToM and considerably less is known about variables that may enhance ToM. Further, effects of meditation have been studied extensively in domains of Attention and Emotional regulation, yet only few studies have studied effect of meditation on ToM. In current study, brief intervention methodology was used to access effects of meditative practice on Theory of Mind. Two groups were formed, first group consisted of subject who were treated with a particular type of meditation termed as mindfulness or mindful mediation or open-monitoring mindfulness mediation and second group was treated with a pseudo meditation. Treatment used was of 20-minute duration in both groups and subjects of both groups were without any prior long term experience in any form of meditation. Result: After that subject participated in a ToM experiment called YONI task, to access any changes in their ability to do ToM, for both cognitive ToM and affective ToM. The results indicated that brief OM mindfulness meditation enhanced both Cognitive ToM and Affective ToM.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.25215/0304.100\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bf714c3087920adc184b9018b3bde47192fd9ead\",\n \"result_position\": 30,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 250534254,\n \"title\": \"Direct comparisons between hypnosis and meditation: A mini-review\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Psychology\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"G. Penazzi\",\n \"Nicola De Pisapia\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Hypnosis and meditation share phenomenological and neurophysiological features, and their comparison is a topic of growing interest in the scientific literature. In this article, we review a classification of these two kinds of non-ordinary states of consciousness, and discuss the studies that directly compare them. Some findings seem to suggest that hypnosis and meditation are distinct phenomena, while others underline their similarities, but experiments that directly contrast them are still scarce and no consensus has been reached yet. While this comparison could give us fundamental insights into central issues concerning the role of attention, metacognition and executive control in the study of consciousness, it is clear that we are still at the early stages of this research.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fpsyg.2022.958185\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7a5f3c70a753284f1f6d25527b19bae2421a0f9e\",\n \"result_position\": 31,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 56017771,\n \"title\": \"Mindfulness and Self-deliverance to Pure Presence\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Ule\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In the contemporary (Western) literature on mindfulness many authors present it as only a mental practice, which may bring one to a more successful and effective working of the mind, as well as different kinds of mental concentration. However, at least in part of Buddhist literature mindfulness is taken as an inseparable part of the Eightfold Way, and not as a means to achieve a separate mental aim. Another important emphasis of Mahayana Buddhism is that mindfulness does not aim at something new, but instead leads our awareness towards a deeper origin, which has already been present with us. While the initial form of mindfulness clings to various methods and achievements, the higher form lies bare in the present moment, always ready to reveal itself. When we are ready to let go of all that we achieve and do, we can surrender our being to the here and now.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.4312/AS.2016.4.2.85-94\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/06321c370c4dea6adadcbbd3c7a44efec3367796\",\n \"result_position\": 32,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 3867471,\n \"title\": \"Controlling the Temporal Structure of Brain Oscillations by Focused Attention Meditation\",\n \"venue\": \"Human Brain Mapping\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Irrmischer\",\n \"Simon J. Houtman\",\n \"H. Mansvelder\",\n \"M. Tremmel\",\n \"U. Ott\",\n \"K. Linkenkaer-Hansen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Our focus of attention naturally fluctuates between different sources of information even when we desire to focus on a single object. Focused attention (FA) meditation is associated with greater control over this process, yet the neuronal mechanisms underlying this ability are not entirely understood. Here, we hypothesize that the capacity of attention to transiently focus and swiftly change relates to the critical dynamics emerging when neuronal systems balance at a point of instability between order and disorder. In FA meditation, however, the ability to stay focused is trained, which may be associated with a more homogeneous brain state. To test this hypothesis, we applied analytical tools from criticality theory to EEG in meditation practitioners and meditation‐naïve participants from two independent labs. We show that in practitioners—but not in controls—FA meditation strongly suppressed long‐range temporal correlations (LRTC) of neuronal oscillations relative to eyes‐closed rest with remarkable consistency across frequency bands and scalp locations. The ability to reduce LRTC during meditation increased after one year of additional training and was associated with the subjective experience of fully engaging one's attentional resources, also known as absorption. Sustained practice also affected normal waking brain dynamics as reflected in increased LRTC during an eyes‐closed rest state, indicating that brain dynamics are altered beyond the meditative state. Taken together, our findings suggest that the framework of critical brain dynamics is promising for understanding neuronal mechanisms of meditative states and, specifically, we have identified a clear electrophysiological correlate of the FA meditation state.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1002/hbm.23971\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b8a1eac80b43d2a21365c08484ed4b3757b1b329\",\n \"result_position\": 33,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 233450336,\n \"title\": \"Contrasting Electroencephalography-Derived Entropy and Neural Oscillations With Highly Skilled Meditators\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Young\",\n \"M. Arterberry\",\n \"Joshua P. Martin\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Meditation is an umbrella term for a number of mental training practices designed to improve the monitoring and regulation of attention and emotion. Some forms of meditation are now being used for clinical intervention. To accompany the increased clinical interest in meditation, research investigating the neural basis of these practices is needed. A central hypothesis of contemplative neuroscience is that meditative states, which are unique on a phenomenological level, differ on a neurophysiological level. To identify the electrophysiological correlates of meditation practice, the electrical brain activity of highly skilled meditators engaging in one of six meditation styles (shamatha, vipassana, zazen, dzogchen, tonglen, and visualization) was recorded. A mind-wandering task served as a control. Lempel–Ziv complexity showed differences in nonlinear brain dynamics (entropy) during meditation compared with mind wandering, suggesting that meditation, regardless of practice, affects neural complexity. In contrast, there were no differences in power spectra at six different frequency bands, likely due to the fact that participants engaged in different meditation practices. Finally, exploratory analyses suggest neurological differences among meditation practices. These findings highlight the importance of studying the electroencephalography (EEG) correlates of different meditative practices.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fnhum.2021.628417\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/29daf2e509274a49ce472325a759d65ac28558f6\",\n \"result_position\": 34,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 3015768,\n \"title\": \"The meeting of meditative disciplines and Western psychology: a mutually enriching dialogue.\",\n \"venue\": \"American Psychologist\",\n \"year\": 2006,\n \"authors\": [\n \"R. Walsh\",\n \"S. Shapiro\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Meditation is now one of the most enduring, widespread, and researched of all psychotherapeutic methods. However, to date the meeting of the meditative disciplines and Western psychology has been marred by significant misunderstandings and by an assimilative integration in which much of the richness and uniqueness of meditation and its psychologies and philosophies have been overlooked. Also overlooked have been their major implications for an understanding of such central psychological issues as cognition and attention, mental training and development, health and pathology, and psychological capacities and potentials. Investigating meditative traditions with greater cultural and conceptual sensitivity opens the possibility of a mutual enrichment of both the meditative traditions and Western psychology, with far-reaching benefits for both.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1037/0003-066X.61.3.227\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b95d6313f3c9091dd42ac150a389a6a1603e9f6f\",\n \"result_position\": 35,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 16189318,\n \"title\": \"Self-awareness, self-regulation, and self-transcendence (S-ART): a framework for understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of mindfulness\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience\",\n \"year\": 2012,\n \"authors\": [\n \"David R. Vago\",\n \"D. Silbersweig\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Mindfulness—as a state, trait, process, type of meditation, and intervention has proven to be beneficial across a diverse group of psychological disorders as well as for general stress reduction. Yet, there remains a lack of clarity in the operationalization of this construct, and underlying mechanisms. Here, we provide an integrative theoretical framework and systems-based neurobiological model that explains the mechanisms by which mindfulness reduces biases related to self-processing and creates a sustainable healthy mind. Mindfulness is described through systematic mental training that develops meta-awareness (self-awareness), an ability to effectively modulate one's behavior (self-regulation), and a positive relationship between self and other that transcends self-focused needs and increases prosocial characteristics (self-transcendence). This framework of self-awareness, -regulation, and -transcendence (S-ART) illustrates a method for becoming aware of the conditions that cause (and remove) distortions or biases. The development of S-ART through meditation is proposed to modulate self-specifying and narrative self-networks through an integrative fronto-parietal control network. Relevant perceptual, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral neuropsychological processes are highlighted as supporting mechanisms for S-ART, including intention and motivation, attention regulation, emotion regulation, extinction and reconsolidation, prosociality, non-attachment, and decentering. The S-ART framework and neurobiological model is based on our growing understanding of the mechanisms for neurocognition, empirical literature, and through dismantling the specific meditation practices thought to cultivate mindfulness. The proposed framework will inform future research in the contemplative sciences and target specific areas for development in the treatment of psychological disorders.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fnhum.2012.00296\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/acffcfd9d318643de8833c42ec543fa3893df2ab\",\n \"result_position\": 36,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 276793704,\n \"title\": \"The impact of meditation on sustained attention in nonclinical population: An extensive review\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Abinash Roy\",\n \"P. Subramanya\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Background Meditation, encompassing focussed attention (FA) and open monitoring (OM) approaches, is recognised for its potential to enhance cognitive functions. Sustained attention, a critical component of attentional processes, influences cognitive capacity and is linked to meditation benefits. However, a robust and extensive review analysis needs to address the specific relationship between meditation and sustained attention in nonclinical populations. Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, the authors reviewed English articles published from 2013 to 2023 in Q1 SCOPUS-indexed journals. Inclusion criteria comprised original research studies exploring the impact of meditation on sustained attention in healthy individuals. The modified Jadad Scale assessed methodological quality. Results 12 studies (four RCTs, eight non-RCTs) with 1447 participants were included. Concentrative or FA meditation demonstrated consistent positive effects on sustained attention, including reduced perceived stress and increased focussed attention. OM meditation significantly improved sustained attention, as evidenced by reduced mind wandering and enhanced N2 responses. Meditators consistently outperformed non-meditators in sustained attention tasks, demonstrating faster reactions and lower error rates. Discussion This review explored the impact of meditation on sustained attention across diverse non-clinical populations through 12 investigations involving 1447 subjects with meditation interventions spanning from 21 days to 3 months. The study revealed that both FA and OM meditation approaches positively impact sustained attention, highlighting their potential role in enhancing cognitive function. Meditators consistently exhibited superior sustained attention abilities, suggesting the cognitive benefits of regular meditation practice. The findings of this study are consistent with prior research, contributing to the growing body of knowledge on the advantageous impacts of meditation on sustained attention. However, caution is needed in generalizing findings due to study limitations. Future research should use standardized methodologies and conduct longer-term follow-ups to better elucidate the effects of meditation interventions on sustained attention across diverse populations.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.jaim.2024.101057\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5aa5cb260be87dafdb8bf3bdaed5eaaa8945339f\",\n \"result_position\": 37,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 15984422,\n \"title\": \"Mental Training Enhances Attentional Stability: Neural and Behavioral Evidence\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Neuroscience\",\n \"year\": 2009,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Lutz\",\n \"H. Slagter\",\n \"N. Rawlings\",\n \"Andrew D. Francis\",\n \"L. Greischar\",\n \"R. Davidson\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The capacity to stabilize the content of attention over time varies among individuals, and its impairment is a hallmark of several mental illnesses. Impairments in sustained attention in patients with attention disorders have been associated with increased trial-to-trial variability in reaction time and event-related potential deficits during attention tasks. At present, it is unclear whether the ability to sustain attention and its underlying brain circuitry are transformable through training. Here, we show, with dichotic listening task performance and electroencephalography, that training attention, as cultivated by meditation, can improve the ability to sustain attention. Three months of intensive meditation training reduced variability in attentional processing of target tones, as indicated by both enhanced theta-band phase consistency of oscillatory neural responses over anterior brain areas and reduced reaction time variability. Furthermore, those individuals who showed the greatest increase in neural response consistency showed the largest decrease in behavioral response variability. Notably, we also observed reduced variability in neural processing, in particular in low-frequency bands, regardless of whether the deviant tone was attended or unattended. Focused attention meditation may thus affect both distracter and target processing, perhaps by enhancing entrainment of neuronal oscillations to sensory input rhythms, a mechanism important for controlling the content of attention. These novel findings highlight the mechanisms underlying focused attention meditation and support the notion that mental training can significantly affect attention and brain function.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1614-09.2009\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2b188765119e3f477383d6034136a4d6645a04d3\",\n \"result_position\": 38,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 233741789,\n \"title\": \"Attention and Default Mode Network Assessments of Meditation Experience during Active Cognition and Rest\",\n \"venue\": \"Brain Science\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Kathryn J. Devaney\",\n \"Emily J. Levin\",\n \"Vaibhav Tripathi\",\n \"J. Higgins\",\n \"S. Lazar\",\n \"D. Somers\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Meditation experience has previously been shown to improve performance on behavioral assessments of attention, but the neural bases of this improvement are unknown. Two prominent, strongly competing networks exist in the human cortex: a dorsal attention network, that is activated during focused attention, and a default mode network, that is suppressed during attentionally demanding tasks. Prior studies suggest that strong anti-correlations between these networks indicate good brain health. In addition, a third network, a ventral attention network, serves as a “circuit-breaker” that transiently disrupts and redirects focused attention to permit salient stimuli to capture attention. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to contrast cortical network activation between experienced focused attention Vipassana meditators and matched controls. Participants performed two attention tasks during scanning: a sustained attention task and an attention-capture task. Meditators demonstrated increased magnitude of differential activation in the dorsal attention vs. default mode network in a sustained attention task, relative to controls. In contrast, there were no evident attention network differences between meditators and controls in an attentional reorienting paradigm. A resting state functional connectivity analysis revealed a greater magnitude of anticorrelation between dorsal attention and default mode networks in the meditators as compared to both our local control group and a n = 168 Human Connectome Project dataset. These results demonstrate, with both task- and rest-based fMRI data, increased stability in sustained attention processes without an associated attentional capture cost in meditators. Task and resting-state results, which revealed stronger anticorrelations between dorsal attention and default mode networks in experienced mediators than in controls, are consistent with a brain health benefit of long-term meditation practice.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/brainsci11050566\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/409172bcc3751c7e91191deb6f810e26a8588c33\",\n \"result_position\": 39,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 269780627,\n \"title\": \"Volitional mental absorption in meditation: Toward a scientific understanding of advanced concentrative absorption meditation and the case of jhana\",\n \"venue\": \"Heliyon\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Winson F. Z. Yang\",\n \"Terje Sparby\",\n \"Malcolm J. Wright\",\n \"Eunmi Kim\",\n \"M. Sacchet\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Meditation has been integral to human culture for millennia, deeply rooted in various spiritual and contemplative traditions. While the field of contemplative science has made significant steps toward understanding the effects of meditation on health and well-being, there has been little study of advanced meditative states, including those achieved through intense concentration and absorption. We refer to these types of states as advanced concentrative absorption meditation (ACAM), characterized by absorption with the meditation object leading to states of heightened attention, clarity, energy, effortlessness, and bliss. This review focuses on a type of ACAM known as jhana (ACAM-J) due to its well-documented history, systematic practice approach, recurring phenomenological themes, and growing popularity among contemplative scientists and more generally in media and society. ACAM-J encompasses eight layers of deep concentration, awareness, and internal experiences. Here, we describe the phenomenology of ACAM-J and present evidence from phenomenological and neuroscientific studies that highlight their potential applications in contemplative practices, psychological sciences, and therapeutics. We additionally propose theoretical ACAM-J frameworks grounded in current cognitive neuroscientific understanding of meditation and ancient contemplative traditions. We aim to stimulate further research on ACAM more broadly, encompassing advanced meditation including meditative development and meditative endpoints. Studying advanced meditation including ACAM, and specific practices such as ACAM-J, can potentially revolutionize our understanding of consciousness and applications for mental health.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31223\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5866c9b6902fc9cedd7866077f955ece296b2d3f\",\n \"result_position\": 40,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 220504115,\n \"title\": \"The Influence of a Short-Term Mindfulness Meditation Intervention on Emotion and Visual Attention\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Cognitive Enhancement\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"C. Thompson\",\n \"Eileen Quigley\",\n \"Ashley Taylor\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"It has been suggested that mindfulness meditation (MM) improves psychological well-being via the focusing and broadening of attention. Whilst studies show that short-term MM interventions can improve focused attention, there is little evidence to support the broadening of attention. The current study investigated the influence of a short-term MM intervention on emotion and the scope of visual attention. Seventy participants completed a global-local processing task separated into three blocks of trials, with a 10-min break between each one. During the breaks, a MM group engaged in a breath-counting task and a control group engaged in a task of their choosing. Response times to global and local targets and a measure of self-reported emotional affect were recorded for each block. Mindfulness had no impact on attention; however, both positive and negative affect decreased for the MM group across the course of the experiment. The results suggest that MM can reduce the focus on negative (and positive) thoughts, indicating possible changes to focused attention, yet a short-term intervention is not sufficient to broaden attention.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s41465-020-00174-4\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e3f2bff03a151ce41ce60ff02f84070a1d21cbe2\",\n \"result_position\": 41,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 256620732,\n \"title\": \"The Influence of a Short-Term Mindfulness Meditation Intervention on Emotion and Visual Attention\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Cognitive Enhancement\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"C. Thompson\",\n \"Eileen Quigley\",\n \"Ashley Taylor\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"It has been suggested that mindfulness meditation (MM) improves psychological well-being via the focusing and broadening of attention. Whilst studies show that short-term MM interventions can improve focused attention, there is little evidence to support the broadening of attention. The current study investigated the influence of a short-term MM intervention on emotion and the scope of visual attention. Seventy participants completed a global-local processing task separated into three blocks of trials, with a 10-min break between each one. During the breaks, a MM group engaged in a breath-counting task and a control group engaged in a task of their choosing. Response times to global and local targets and a measure of self-reported emotional affect were recorded for each block. Mindfulness had no impact on attention; however, both positive and negative affect decreased for the MM group across the course of the experiment. The results suggest that MM can reduce the focus on negative (and positive) thoughts, indicating possible changes to focused attention, yet a short-term intervention is not sufficient to broaden attention.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s41465-020-00174-4\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/36db32ab4775128c716fdeb12be2285bb3f46d41\",\n \"result_position\": 42,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 211136360,\n \"title\": \"Focused attention meditation training modifies neural activity and attention: longitudinal EEG data in non-meditators\",\n \"venue\": \"Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Kazuki Yoshida\",\n \"Kenta Takeda\",\n \"T. Kasai\",\n \"Shiika Makinae\",\n \"Yui Murakami\",\n \"Ai Hasegawa\",\n \"S. Sakai\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract Focused attention meditation (FAM) is a basic meditation practice that cultivates attentional control and monitoring skills. Cross-sectional studies have highlighted high cognitive performance and discriminative neural activity in experienced meditators. However, a direct relationship between neural activity changes and improvement of attention caused by meditation training remains to be elucidated. To investigate this, we conducted a longitudinal study, which evaluated the results of electroencephalography (EEG) during three-stimulus oddball task, resting state and FAM before and after 8 weeks of FAM training in non-meditators. The FAM training group (n = 17) showed significantly higher P3 amplitude during the oddball task and shorter reaction time (RT) for target stimuli compared to that of the control group (n = 20). Furthermore, a significant negative correlation between F4-Oz theta band phase synchrony index (PSI) during FAM and P3 amplitude during the oddball task and a significant positive correlation between F4-Pz theta band PSI during FAM and P3 amplitude during the oddball task were observed. In contrast, these correlations were not observed in the control group. These findings provide direct evidence of the effectiveness of FAM training and contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning the effects of meditation on brain activity and cognitive performance.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1093/scan/nsaa020\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c5d3d8575f3a40da85951fcb30ae566f82798a8e\",\n \"result_position\": 43,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 264927914,\n \"title\": \"Doing what matters in times of stress: No-nonsense meditation and occupational well-being in COVID-19\",\n \"venue\": \"PLoS ONE\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Justine Van de Velde\",\n \"Katia Levecque\",\n \"Bert Weijters\",\n \"S. Laureys\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"While the COVID-19 pandemic challenged the general public’s health and well-being, it exacerbated the pre-existing well-being issues in the educational sector in many countries. Mindfulness-based interventions are often applied to protect and promote occupational well-being. To investigate how the well-being benefits of these interventions arise, we selected one accessible technique that is used in most of them: focused attention meditation. In the middle of the COVID-19 pandemic, 199 teachers voluntarily practiced five to ten minutes of meditation together with their pupils, every morning for six months. We employed a three-wave longitudinal design to follow any changes in the meditating teachers’ well-being and compared these changes to a waitlist control condition of 42 teachers. Three dimensions of well-being were measured at baseline, half-time, and post-intervention: emotional, cognitive, and physical well-being. Latent growth curve models revealed that the meditation technique not only improves well-being but also prevents the development of well-being problems. The practice of focused attention meditation resulted in improvements in emotional and physical well-being and prevented the development of cognitive well-being problems that were observed within the control condition. The effects were strongest for emotional and cognitive well-being and followed a linear trend. This paper shows that the well-being effects of mindfulness-based interventions are at least in part due to the focused attention meditation that is practiced in them. Occupational groups that experience emotional, cognitive, or physical well-being issues can benefit from a few minutes of focused attention meditation per day. Trial registration: ISRCTN ISRCTN61170784 (https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN61170784).\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1371/journal.pone.0292406\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2027c8e51376f4602f54191f1f60b0db361dcbb0\",\n \"result_position\": 44,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 259867602,\n \"title\": \"EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF FOCUSED ATTENTION MEDITATION ON EMOTIONAL DISTRACTION: AN EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": null,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Justine Murphy\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Mindfulness can be defined as paying attention intentionally, toward the present-moment, and in a manner that is non-reactive and non-judgmental. In recent years, there has been a surge of interest in mindfulness meditation as a way to become more mindful and enhance attention and emotional well-being (Pepping et al., 2016; Van Dam et al., 2018). Mindfulness meditation is a broad term that encompasses a family of practices that aim to promote mindfulness. In one broad type of mindfulness meditation—Focused Attention meditation—the meditator attempts to narrow attention and maintain focus on a target object (typically the sensations of breathing). To minimize disruptions to focus on the breath, the meditator attempts to maintain a non-reactive and non-judgmental attitude to whatever distractions arise, including those with emotional content (e.g., negative thoughts). Although there is evidence that Focused Attention meditation benefits attentional control in emotionally neutral contexts, little is known about its impact on attentional control in emotional contexts. Given Focused Attention meditation requires practitioners to maintain focus on a chosen object, one way it might foster emotional benefits is by improving the ability to ignore emotional distractors—an ability that is well researched outside of the context of mindfulness and is known to be important for emotional well-being. In this thesis I explore the cognitive, affective, and neural correlates of Focused Attention meditation, which might shed light on the mechanisms by which it enhances well-being.\\nThere are two major limitations common in the relevant existing literature. First, most studies that examine the effects of mindfulness meditation use either cross-sectional designs (e.g., comparing meditators to non-meditators), or measure the effects of extended mindfulness interventions that are complex and multi-faceted. In both of these designs, it is often not possible to disentangle the effects of Focused Attention from other types of meditation (such as Open Monitoring), or to control for other confounds such as social facilitation or expectancy effects that may mediate cognitive and emotional effects. Second, most studies that examine the effects of mindfulness meditation on attentional control in emotional contexts use tasks in which emotional stimuli are not fully task-irrelevant, and thus do not strictly measure the ability to ignore emotional distractors (Lleras et al., 2013). In this thesis, I used lab-based experiments to overcome both limitations and to directly test the hypothesis that Focused Attention meditation improves the ability to ignore emotional distractors.\\nIn all experiments, participants were randomly allocated to listen to either an audio recording that guided the participant in a brief Focused Attention meditation; or an audio recording of a TED talk about mindfulness (but with no instructions to be mindful) as a control condition. Immediately before and immediately after listening to the audio recording, participants from both groups completed a task designed to measure the ability to ignore emotional distractors. In this task, participants complete a simple visual search while attempting to ignore task-irrelevant negative (mutilation scenes) or neutral images (scenes of people), which were presented in different blocks. Intact images were presented on 25% of trials, and scrambled images were presented on the remaining 75% of trials. Distraction was indexed by slowing on trials in which intact compared to scrambled images appeared.\\nIn Experiment 1, the guided meditation reduced distraction by negative but not neutral images relative to the control intervention, supporting the hypothesis that Focused Attention meditation improves the ability to ignore emotional distractors. Experiment 2 aimed to replicate and extend the first experiment by also recording EEG and psychophysiological measures of attentional and emotional processing—enabling me to look “under the hood” and examine which cognitive processes were affected by the meditation. Although the behavioural and EEG measures were sensitive to emotional distraction, the meditation had no significant impact on distraction (either negative or neutral), failing to replicate Experiment 1. EEG recordings also showed no evidence that meditation altered distractor processing or attentional control. Unexpectedly, exploratory analyses revealed no immediate impact of meditation on distraction in either experiment, but both Experiments 1 and 2 showed a gradual reduction in negative distraction across blocks following the meditation relative to the control intervention. Given these analyses were conducted post-hoc, I aimed to replicate the effect in a follow-up pre-registered experiment, which was conducted online due to COVID-19 restrictions. Distraction did not statistically differ between groups, failing to replicate the gradual reduction effect observed in Experiments 1& 2—possibly due to the guided meditation manipulation being less effective outside lab settings.\\nDespite the lack of replication in Experiment 3, the gradual reduction in emotional distraction following meditation was still robust in a mini-meta-analysis of all three experiments. Together, findings indicate that Focused Attention meditation has no immediate impact on distraction by negative emotional images. They tentatively suggest, however, that it might facilitate gradual improvement in the ability to ignore emotional distractors. I discuss a number of mechanisms by which this unexpected effect might occur. Future researchshould establish whether the current findings replicate; aim to elucidate the mechanisms involved; and examine the influence of “dose” (i.e., extent of meditation training). Doing so will help us to better understand how meditation affects the mind, and may guide clinicians to refine mindfulness interventions and optimize interventions to target specific outcomes or populations.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.26686/wgtn.23664465\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a806b9e762a5825349a6d04cb500ce1c1062a9e2\",\n \"result_position\": 45,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 253219010,\n \"title\": \"How Chanting Relates to Cognitive Function, Altered States and Quality of Life\",\n \"venue\": \"Brain Science\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Gemma Perry\",\n \"V. Polito\",\n \"Narayan Sankaran\",\n \"W. Thompson\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Chanting is practiced in many religious and secular traditions and involves rhythmic vocalization or mental repetition of a sound or phrase. This study examined how chanting relates to cognitive function, altered states, and quality of life across a wide range of traditions. A global survey was used to assess experiences during chanting including flow states, mystical experiences, mindfulness, and mind wandering. Further, attributes of chanting were assessed to determine their association with altered states and cognitive benefits, and whether psychological correlates of chanting are associated with quality of life. Responses were analyzed from 456 English speaking participants who regularly chant across 32 countries and various chanting traditions. Results revealed that different aspects of chanting were associated with distinctive experiential outcomes. Stronger intentionality (devotion, intention, sound) and higher chanting engagement (experience, practice duration, regularity) were associated with altered states and cognitive benefits. Participants whose main practice was call and response chanting reported higher scores of mystical experiences. Participants whose main practice was repetitive prayer reported lower mind wandering. Lastly, intentionality and engagement were associated with quality of life indirectly through altered states and cognitive benefits. This research sheds new light on the phenomenology and psychological consequences of chanting across a range of practices and traditions.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/brainsci12111456\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cad56b9f26f85fd2893efdec83cde5b805085de7\",\n \"result_position\": 46,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 4253051,\n \"title\": \"Review of the Neural Oscillations Underlying Meditation\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Neuroscience\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Darrin J. Lee\",\n \"E. Kulubya\",\n \"P. Goldin\",\n \"A. Goodarzi\",\n \"F. Girgis\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Objective: Meditation is one type of mental training that has been shown to produce many cognitive benefits. Meditation practice is associated with improvement in concentration and reduction of stress, depression, and anxiety symptoms. Furthermore, different forms of meditation training are now being used as interventions for a variety of psychological and somatic illnesses. These benefits are thought to occur as a result of neurophysiologic changes. The most commonly studied specific meditation practices are focused attention (FA), open-monitoring (OM), as well as transcendental meditation (TM), and loving-kindness (LK) meditation. In this review, we compare the neural oscillatory patterns during these forms of meditation. Method: We performed a systematic review of neural oscillations during FA, OM, TM, and LK meditation practices, comparing meditators to meditation-naïve adults. Results: FA, OM, TM, and LK meditation are associated with global increases in oscillatory activity in meditators compared to meditation-naïve adults, with larger changes occurring as the length of meditation training increases. While FA and OM are related to increases in anterior theta activity, only FA is associated with changes in posterior theta oscillations. Alpha activity increases in posterior brain regions during both FA and OM. In anterior regions, FA shows a bilateral increase in alpha power, while OM shows a decrease only in left-sided power. Gamma activity in these meditation practices is similar in frontal regions, but increases are variable in parietal and occipital regions. Conclusions: The current literature suggests distinct differences in neural oscillatory activity among FA, OM, TM, and LK meditation practices. Further characterizing these oscillatory changes may better elucidate the cognitive and therapeutic effects of specific meditation practices, and potentially lead to the development of novel neuromodulation targets to take advantage of their benefits.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fnins.2018.00178\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/05b2e5896df4af15d10497a854f79e4727a4b0cd\",\n \"result_position\": 47,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 17476123,\n \"title\": \"Plasticity of visual attention in Isha yoga meditation practitioners before and after a 3-month retreat\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Psychology\",\n \"year\": 2013,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Claire Braboszcz\",\n \"Claire Braboszcz\",\n \"B. Cahn\",\n \"Bhavani Balakrishnan\",\n \"R. Maturi\",\n \"R. Grandchamp\",\n \"R. Grandchamp\",\n \"Arnaud Delorme\",\n \"Arnaud Delorme\",\n \"Arnaud Delorme\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Meditation has lately received considerable interest from cognitive neuroscience. Studies suggest that daily meditation leads to long lasting attentional and neuronal plasticity. We present changes related to the attentional systems before and after a 3 month intensive meditation retreat. We used three behavioral psychophysical tests - a Stroop task, an attentional blink task, and a global-local letter task-to assess the effect of Isha yoga meditation on attentional resource allocation. 82 Isha yoga practitioners were tested at the beginning and at the end of the retreat. Our results showed an increase in correct responses specific to incongruent stimuli in the Stroop task. Congruently, a positive correlation between previous meditation experience and accuracy to incongruent Stroop stimuli was also observed at baseline. We also observed a reduction of the attentional blink. Unexpectedly, a negative correlation between previous meditation experience and attentional blink performance at baseline was observed. Regarding spatial attention orientation as assessed using the global-local letter task, participants showed a bias toward local processing. Only slight differences in performance were found pre- vs. post- meditation retreat. Biasing toward the local stimuli in the global-local task and negative correlation of previous meditation experience with attentional blink performance is consistent with Isha practices being focused-attention practices. Given the relatively small effect sizes and the absence of a control group, our results do not allow clear support nor rejection of the hypothesis of meditation-driven neuronal plasticity in the attentional system for Isha yoga practice.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00914\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/18b7b6cfb967b0c61349eb0b09c14ae54dbe79c7\",\n \"result_position\": 48,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 225096635,\n \"title\": \"Losing Ourselves: Active Inference, Depersonalization, and Meditation\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Psychology\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"George Deane\",\n \"Mark Miller\",\n \"S. Wilkinson\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Disruptions in the ordinary sense of selfhood underpin both pathological and “enlightened” states of consciousness. People suffering from depersonalization can experience the loss of a sense of self as devastating, often accompanied by intense feelings of alienation, fear, and hopelessness. However, for meditative contemplatives from various traditions, “selfless” experiences are highly sought after, being associated with enduring peace and joy. Little is understood about how these contrasting dysphoric and euphoric experiences should be conceptualized. In this paper, we propose a unified account of these selfless experiences within the active inference framework. Building on our recent active inference research, we propose an account of the experiences of selfhood as emerging from a temporally deep generative model. We go on to develop a view of the self as playing a central role in structuring ordinary experience by “tuning” agents to the counterfactually rich possibilities for action. Finally, we explore how depersonalization may result from an inferred loss of allostatic control and contrast this phenomenology with selfless experiences reported by meditation practitioners. We will show how, by beginning with a conception of self-modeling within an active inference framework, we have available to us a new way of conceptualizing the striking experiential similarities and important differences between these selfless experiences within a unifying theoretical framework. We will explore the implications for understanding and treating dissociative disorders, as well as elucidate both the therapeutic potential, and possible dangers, of meditation.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fpsyg.2020.539726\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/76a49395e64b839462a7717e9b15d3c3696e2faa\",\n \"result_position\": 49,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 247957117,\n \"title\": \"Contemplation: Its Cultivation and Culmination Through the Buddhist Glasses\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Psychology\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Madhumita Chattopadhyay\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Buddhist account of consciousness provides a new way of looking into contemplation, where absorption into meditation does not only bring in changes in the neural level but in the very personality of the individual, turning him into a good human being. The Buddhists recommend the practice of vipassanā, literally meaning insight but actually standing for the realization of the supreme enlightenment breaking off all the internal fetters through the practice of seven different types of purity, such as purity of morals, mind, views, and insight, etc. In early and later Buddhist literature, it has been categorically emphasized that one should not practice solitary mindfulness but should practice enriching the higher qualities of the mind such as compassion, friendliness, etc. The point is that the contemplated individual, the Bodhisattva, should possess the perfection of wisdom (prajñā-pāramitā) and be equipped with the skill of upāyas. The practice of these upāyas, however, will not create any new bondage for the contemplative mind. When the individual is able to attain this broad outlook, he will be said to achieve the highest contemplation – this is the ultimate objective of Buddhist meditation. Meditation is needed for this change of outlook – transition from “I” to “we”. This is the only way to bring peace of mind and peace to the whole world.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fpsyg.2021.800281\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d2e9b5989f51a14bd8a65743e51fb7e38c9f7bc8\",\n \"result_position\": 50,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 2151810,\n \"title\": \"Meditation states and traits: EEG, ERP, and neuroimaging studies.\",\n \"venue\": \"Psychological bulletin\",\n \"year\": 2006,\n \"authors\": [\n \"B. Cahn\",\n \"J. Polich\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1037/0033-2909.132.2.180\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/13b5cdf6dba23b6f01ca07c31f277a9d6d49951f\",\n \"result_position\": 51,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 240075912,\n \"title\": \"Individual Differences in the Change of Attentional Functions With Brief One-Time Focused Attention and Open Monitoring Meditations\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Psychology\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Masaru Tanaka\",\n \"Ryoichi Nakashima\",\n \"Kentaro Hiromitsu\",\n \"H. Imamizu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Mindfulness meditation is increasingly used for clinical treatment and to improve well-being. One of the most fundamental benefits of mindfulness meditation is now considered as enhanced attentional control. Mindfulness meditation is a complex technique but most of its variants consist of a combination of two types of basic meditation practice: focused attention meditation (FAM) and open monitoring meditation (OMM). Although many studies have examined the effect of relatively long-term meditation on attention, some recent studies have focused on the effect of a brief one-time meditation on cognitive processing, including attentional functions. Furthermore, it is necessary to discuss the relationship between the effect of mindfulness meditation on attentional functions and personality traits (especially traits related to mindfulness). This study investigated whether attentional control is improved by a single 30-min FAM or OMM and whether the degree of improvement in attentional functions – alerting, orienting, and conflict monitoring – induced by the meditation varies according to the participant’s trait scores related to mindfulness measured by the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups, i.e., FAM, OMM, and no-meditation (noM) groups, and given an Attentional Network Test before and after each 30-min meditation session. Compared with the noM group, there was no overall improvement in attentional functions with either type of meditation. However, there were associations between the change of the alerting function’s score and the personality traits: in the FAM group, alerting scores were negatively associated with the nonreactivity facet of the FFMQ, and in the OMM group, alerting scores were positively associated with describing facet scores of the FFMQ. The results indicate that the effects of meditation methods on attentional functions could depend on the individual’s traits related to mindfulness and that mindfulness meditation could sometimes appear to have no impact on attentional functions.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fpsyg.2021.716138\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/456edd30972ef79a638df04910642ba5fd51e023\",\n \"result_position\": 52,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 215547663,\n \"title\": \"Intensive training induces longitudinal changes in meditation state-related EEG oscillatory activity\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Saggar\",\n \"Brandon G. King\",\n \"A. Zanesco\",\n \"Katherine A. MacLean\",\n \"Stephen Aichele\",\n \"Tonya L. Jacobs\",\n \"David A. Bridwell\",\n \"P. Shaver\",\n \"E. Rosenberg\",\n \"B. Sahdra\",\n \"E. Ferrer\",\n \"A. Tang\",\n \"G. Mangun\",\n \"B. A. Wallace\",\n \"R. Miikkulainen\",\n \"C. Saron\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The capacity to focus one's attention for an extended period of time can be increased through training in contemplative practices. However, the cognitive processes engaged during meditation that support trait changes in cognition are not well characterized. We conducted a longitudinal wait-list controlled study of intensive meditation training. Retreat participants practiced focused attention (FA) meditation techniques for three months during an initial retreat. Wait-list participants later undertook formally identical training during a second retreat. Dense-array scalp-recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) data were collected during 6 min of mindfulness of breathing meditation at three assessment points during each retreat. Second-order blind source separation, along with a novel semi-automatic artifact removal tool (SMART), was used for data preprocessing. We observed replicable reductions in meditative state-related beta-band power bilaterally over anteriocentral and posterior scalp regions. In addition, individual alpha frequency (IAF) decreased across both retreats and in direct relation to the amount of meditative practice. These findings provide evidence for replicable longitudinal changes in brain oscillatory activity during meditation and increase our understanding of the cortical processes engaged during meditation that may support long-term improvements in cognition.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fnhum.2012.00256\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0b7302e5b5dc1b6461a2d7aeddee6f16161eaa44\",\n \"result_position\": 53,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 10595462,\n \"title\": \"Meditation-related activations are modulated by the practices needed to obtain it and by the expertise: an ALE meta-analysis study\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience\",\n \"year\": 2013,\n \"authors\": [\n \"B. Tomasino\",\n \"Sara Fregona\",\n \"M. Skrap\",\n \"F. Fabbro\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The brain network governing meditation has been studied using a variety of meditation practices and techniques practices eliciting different cognitive processes (e.g., silence, attention to own body, sense of joy, mantras, etc.). It is very possible that different practices of meditation are subserved by largely, if not entirely, disparate brain networks. This assumption was tested by conducting an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis of meditation neuroimaging studies, which assessed 150 activation foci from 24 experiments. Different ALE meta-analyses were carried out. One involved the subsets of studies involving meditation induced through exercising focused attention (FA). The network included clusters bilaterally in the medial gyrus, the left superior parietal lobe, the left insula and the right supramarginal gyrus (SMG). A second analysis addressed the studies involving meditation states induced by chanting or by repetition of words or phrases, known as “mantra.” This type of practice elicited a cluster of activity in the right SMG, the SMA bilaterally and the left postcentral gyrus. Furthermore, the last analyses addressed the effect of meditation experience (i.e., short- vs. long-term meditators). We found that frontal activation was present for short-term, as compared with long-term experience meditators, confirming that experts are better enabled to sustain attentional focus, rather recruiting the right SMG and concentrating on aspects involving disembodiment.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fnhum.2012.00346\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/56572d7fa6ec732b7a45631b3b2bdd9b88562557\",\n \"result_position\": 54,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 14996482,\n \"title\": \"Intensive training induces longitudinal changes in meditation state-related EEG oscillatory activity\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience\",\n \"year\": 2012,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Saggar\",\n \"Brandon G. King\",\n \"A. Zanesco\",\n \"Katherine A. MacLean\",\n \"Stephen Aichele\",\n \"Tonya L. Jacobs\",\n \"David A. Bridwell\",\n \"Phillip R. Shaver\",\n \"E. Rosenberg\",\n \"B. Sahdra\",\n \"E. Ferrer\",\n \"A. Tang\",\n \"G. Mangun\",\n \"B. A. Wallace\",\n \"R. Miikkulainen\",\n \"C. Saron\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The capacity to focus one's attention for an extended period of time can be increased through training in contemplative practices. However, the cognitive processes engaged during meditation that support trait changes in cognition are not well characterized. We conducted a longitudinal wait-list controlled study of intensive meditation training. Retreat participants practiced focused attention (FA) meditation techniques for three months during an initial retreat. Wait-list participants later undertook formally identical training during a second retreat. Dense-array scalp-recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) data were collected during 6 min of mindfulness of breathing meditation at three assessment points during each retreat. Second-order blind source separation, along with a novel semi-automatic artifact removal tool (SMART), was used for data preprocessing. We observed replicable reductions in meditative state-related beta-band power bilaterally over anteriocentral and posterior scalp regions. In addition, individual alpha frequency (IAF) decreased across both retreats and in direct relation to the amount of meditative practice. These findings provide evidence for replicable longitudinal changes in brain oscillatory activity during meditation and increase our understanding of the cortical processes engaged during meditation that may support long-term improvements in cognition.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fnhum.2012.00256\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7e4fdfdadddc4c47e608f0004f0ff51ad3918fed\",\n \"result_position\": 55,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 16906754,\n \"title\": \"Measuring a Journey without Goal: Meditation, Spirituality, and Physiology\",\n \"venue\": \"BioMed Research International\",\n \"year\": 2015,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Heather Buttle\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The secular practice of meditation is associated with a range of physiological and cognitive effects, including lower blood pressure, lower cortisol, cortical thickening, and activation of areas of the brain associated with attention and emotion regulation. However, in the context of spiritual practice, these benefits are secondary gains, as the primary aim is spiritual transformation. Despite obvious difficulties in trying to measure a journey without goal, spiritual aspects involved in the practice of meditation should also be addressed by experimental study. This review starts by considering meditation in the form of the relaxation response (a counterpart to the stress response), before contrasting mindfulness research that emphasizes the role of attention and alertness in meditation. This contrast demonstrates how reference to traditional spiritual texts (in this case Buddhist) can be used to guide research questions involving meditation. Further considerations are detailed, along with the proposal that research should triangulate spiritual textual sources, first person accounts (i.e., neurophenomenology), and physiological/cognitive measures in order to aid our understanding of meditation, not only in the secular context of health benefits, but also in the context of spiritual practice.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1155/2015/891671\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/02a101c3665fb18e9266d1186b029e5f7a883625\",\n \"result_position\": 56,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 253562599,\n \"title\": \"A Study of Chinese Commentaries on the Sutra of Perfect Enlightenment\",\n \"venue\": \"Religions\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Kai Wang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The Sutra of Perfect Enlightenment, also known as Yuanjuejing 圓覺經 or, in full, Dafang guangyuanjie xiuduoluo liaoyijing 大方廣圓覺修多羅了義經, is a mindfulness meditation sutra with a particularly high reputation that has been the subject of a great deal of annotations and commentaries throughout the history of East Asian Buddhism. However, hitherto, the literature has not systematically organized and studied these annotations and commentaries. The aim of this paper is to organize the Chinese commentaries on this sutra from the 8th to the 17th centuries systematically and tointroduce the different situations by the commentaries produced by different schools of Buddhism. Briefly, these works mainly include the commentaries by Weique 惟愨, Wushi 悟實, Jianzhi 堅志, Daoquan 道詮, and Tsung-mi 宗密 during the Tang Dynasty (618–907); the commentaries of the Huayan 華嚴宗, Tiantai 天臺宗, and Chan 禪宗 schools during the Song Dynasty (960–1279); and the literal interpretations and collected commentaries produced during the Ming and Qing Dynasties (1368–1912).\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/rel13111099\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d4515e1958b431e01fd13dc9b720d091cf47f212\",\n \"result_position\": 57,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 234390047,\n \"title\": \"Buddhist Meditation and the Ethics of Human Augmentation\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"S. Sarbacker\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Emergent technologies of “Human Augmentation,” typically associated with the related concepts of “Human Engineering” and “Human Enhancement,” are rapidly changing the nature of human embodiment and have profound social and moral implications. Particularly noteworthy among these are technologies that enhance human physical, sensory, and cognitive capacities, from artificial limbs and visual and hearing aids that expand action and perception, to wearables and implants that provide instant access to vast amounts of data and augment knowledge of, and control over, otherwise autonomous physical processes. A counterpoint to technologies that aim to transform human embodiment are those that aim to transcend embodiment entirely, such as “uploading,” in which human consciousness is moved from the “wetware” of the human body and brain to machine-based “hardware.” Some technologists and enthusiasts view such augmentation as potentially ushering in the transformation of humanity into a different order of being—first, as “transitional humans” or “transhumans,” and second, as “posthumans” that represent a new evolutionary era for humanity, and, perhaps, the building blocks of utopia. This paper will argue that the philosophy and practice of Buddhist meditation (Skt. dhyāna ) or meditative cultivation ( bhāvanā ) provides a paradigm for understanding how Buddhist philosophy and ethics might address issues raised by the augmentation of human capacities. It will also demonstrate how emergent philosophical and religious conceptions of the Transhuman and Posthuman can be compared, critiqued, and re-interpreted in light of Buddhist philosophy and cosmology, both with respect to Buddhist notions of the fluidity of the human-divine boundary and the radical transformation of the awakened Noble Person ( āryapudgala ).\",\n \"doi\": \"10.17928/jjadh.5.2_61\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cc483681112a8bde9999ad5d5ab4466623d8a96f\",\n \"result_position\": 58,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 225685655,\n \"title\": \"Integrating Mindfulness Into Leadership Development\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Management Education\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"C. Sanyal\",\n \"C. Rigg\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In this article, we illustrate how ideas and practices of mindfulness can be integrated into management education, drawing from our work on postgraduate programs run with working managers. Our purpose is particularly to show how mindfulness can be introduced into the curriculum in a way that is acceptable for participants and clients, and brings benefit to participants. Following a brief review of literature on mindfulness in organizations, we share the curriculum innovation we designed and provide detail of its effectiveness derived from our follow-up evaluation.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1177/1052562920934040\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0888837ba3bc06ecde59af3c1844360167274a21\",\n \"result_position\": 59,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 247818371,\n \"title\": \"A Retrospective Analysis of Three Focused Attention Meditation Techniques: Mantra, Breath, and External-Point Meditation\",\n \"venue\": \"Cureus\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"K. Sharma\",\n \"A. Wernicke\",\n \"Husneara Rahman\",\n \"L. Potters\",\n \"Gopesh Sharma\",\n \"B. Parashar\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Objective The goal of this study is to compare the effectiveness of three different meditation techniques (two internal focus techniques and one external focus technique) using a low-cost portable electroencephalography (EEG) device, namely, MUSE, for an objective comparison. Methods This is an IRB-approved retrospective study. All participants in the study were healthy adults. Each study participant (n = 34) was instructed to participate in three meditation sessions: mantra (internal), breath (internal), and external point. The MUSE brain-sensing headband (EEG) was used to document the “total time spent in the calm state” and the “total time spent in the calm or neutral state” (outcomes) in each three-minute session to conduct separate analyses for the meditation type. Separate generalized linear models (GLM) with unstructured covariance structures were used to examine the association between each outcome and the explanatory variable (meditation type). For all models, if there was a significant association between the outcome and the explanatory variable, pairwise comparisons were carried out using the Tukey-Kramer correction. Results The median time (in seconds) spent in the calm state while practicing mantra meditation was 131.5 (IQR: 94-168), while practicing breath meditation was 150 (IQR: 113-164), and while practicing external-point meditation was 100 (IQR: 62-126). Upon analysis, there was a significant association between the meditation type and the time spent in the calm state (p-value = 0.0006). Conclusion This is the first study comparing “internal” versus “external” meditation techniques using an objective measure. Our study shows the breath and mantra technique as superior to the external-point technique as regards time spent in the calm state. Additional research is needed using a combination of “EEG” and patient-reported surveys to compare various meditative practices. The findings from this study can help incorporate specific meditation practices in future mindfulness-based studies that are focused on healthcare settings and on impacting clinical outcomes, such as survival or disease outcomes.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.7759/cureus.23589\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/85a654aaa3d4dc9f28217e452f296c584acfba9d\",\n \"result_position\": 60,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 11036572,\n \"title\": \"Focused attention, open monitoring and automatic self-transcending: Categories to organize meditations from Vedic, Buddhist and Chinese traditions.\",\n \"venue\": \"Consciousness and Cognition\",\n \"year\": 2010,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Frederick F. Travis\",\n \"J. Shear\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.concog.2010.01.007\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/65bd2dc0c9039450d8b0e894542871014e137af3\",\n \"result_position\": 61,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 268273699,\n \"title\": \"Mind and body connection in expert meditators: a computational study based on central and peripheral nervous system\",\n \"venue\": \"BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Francesca Borghesi\",\n \"Riccardo Cremascoli\",\n \"Alice Chirico\",\n \"Laura Bianchi\",\n \"Amalia Di Moia\",\n \"L. Priano\",\n \"Alessandro Piedimonte\",\n \"Alessandro Mauro\",\n \"Pietro Cipresso\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"A meditative ‘technique’ is conceived as a continuum of different affective states involving mind and body jointly. Meditative practices can involve cognitive effort (e.g., focused attention and open-minded techniques), as well as automatic and implicit practices (e.g., transcendental techniques). The NGALSO tantric self-healing meditation technique is a brief, comprehensive meditation technique relying on mind and body connection. In this study, we aimed to investigate the state and the trait neurophysiological correlates of NGALSO meditation practice. First, 19 EEG channels and a 3-lead ECG signal were recorded from 10 expert meditators (more than 7 years of daily meditation) and 10 healthy inexpert participants (controls) who underwent the same meditative procedure. The neuropsychological profiles of experts and controls were compared. Results showed that expert meditators had significantly higher power spectra on alpha, theta and beta, and a higher sympathetic tone with lower parasympathetic tone after meditation. Conversely, the control group had significantly less power spectra on alpha, theta and beta, and a higher parasympathetic tone with lower sympathetic tone after meditation. A machine learning approach also allowed us to classify experts vs. controls correctly by using only EEG Theta bands before or after meditation. ECG results allowed us to show a significantly higher effort by expert meditators vs. controls, thus suggesting that a higher effort is required for this meditation, in line with the principle ‘no pain, no gain’ in body and mind.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1186/s12906-024-04413-5\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a214539e975b385f038725525ab888d71d93f6a0\",\n \"result_position\": 62,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 600734,\n \"title\": \"Focused attention, open monitoring and loving kindness meditation: effects on attention, conflict monitoring, and creativity – A review\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Psychology\",\n \"year\": 2014,\n \"authors\": [\n \"D. Lippelt\",\n \"B. Hommel\",\n \"L. Colzato\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Meditation is becoming increasingly popular as a topic for scientific research and theories on meditation are becoming ever more specific. We distinguish between what is called focused Attention meditation, open Monitoring meditation, and loving kindness (or compassion) meditation. Research suggests that these meditations have differential, dissociable effects on a wide range of cognitive (control) processes, such as attentional selection, conflict monitoring, divergent, and convergent thinking. Although research on exactly how the various meditations operate on these processes is still missing, different kinds of meditations are associated with different neural structures and different patterns of electroencephalographic activity. In this review we discuss recent findings on meditation and suggest how the different meditations may affect cognitive processes, and we give suggestions for directions of future research.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01083\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/adbbc9700b4cad81e4b031e8197dc04e56ae1041\",\n \"result_position\": 63,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 247193207,\n \"title\": \"Enhanced Resting-State Functional Connectivity With Decreased Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuations of the Salience Network in Mindfulness Novices\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Quan Gan\",\n \"Ning Ding\",\n \"Guoli Bi\",\n \"R. Liu\",\n \"Xing-rong Zhao\",\n \"Jing-mei Zhong\",\n \"Shao-yuan Wu\",\n \"Yongfen Zeng\",\n \"Liqian Cui\",\n \"Kunhua Wu\",\n \"Yunfa Fu\",\n \"Zhuang-fei Chen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Mindfulness and accordant interventions are often used as complementary treatments to psychological or psychosomatic problems. This has also been gradually integrated into daily lives for the promotion of psychological well-being in non-clinical populations. The experience of mindful acceptance in a non-judgmental way brought about the state, which was less interfered by a negative effect. Mindfulness practice often begins with focused attention (FA) meditation restricted to an inner experience. We postulate that the brain areas related to an interoceptive function would demonstrate an intrinsic functional change after mindfulness training for the mindful novices along with paying more attention to internal processes. To further explore the influence of mindfulness on the organization of the brain regions, both functional connectivity (FC) in the voxel and the region of interest (ROI) level were calculated. In the current study, 32 healthy volunteers, without any meditation experiences, were enrolled and randomly assigned to a mindfulness-based stress reduction group (MBSR) or control group (CON). Participants in the MBSR group completed 8 weeks of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and rated their mindfulness skills before and after MBSR. All subjects were evaluated via resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) in both baselines and after 8 weeks. They also completed a self-report measure of their state and trait anxiety as well as a positive and negative affect. Pre- and post-MBSR assessments revealed a decreased amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) in the right anterior cingulate gyrus (ACC.R), left anterior and posterior insula (aIC.L, pIC.L), as well as left superior medial frontal gyrus (SFGmed.L) in MBSR practitioners. Strengthened FC between right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC.R) and aIC.R was observed. The mean ALFF values of those regions were inversely and positively linked to newly acquired mindful abilities. Along with a decreased negative affect score, our results suggest that the brain regions related to attention and interoceptive function were involved at the beginning of mindfulness. This study provides new clues in elucidating the time of evaluating the brain mechanisms of mindfulness novices.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fnhum.2022.838123\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/85d0cc5ace682408e0bfca2e3adc37b597ac25b0\",\n \"result_position\": 64,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 184487649,\n \"title\": \"Motivational Non-directive Resonance Breathing as a Treatment for Chronic Widespread Pain\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Psychology\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"C. Paccione\",\n \"H. B. Jacobsen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Chronic widespread pain (CWP) is one of the most difficult pain conditions to treat due to an unknown etiology and a lack of innovative treatment design and effectiveness. Based upon preliminary findings within the fields of motivational psychology, integrative neuroscience, diaphragmatic breathing, and vagal nerve stimulation, we propose a new treatment intervention, motivational non-directive (ND) resonance breathing, as a means of reducing pain and suffering in patients with CWP. Motivational ND resonance breathing provides patients with a noninvasive means of potentially modulating five psychophysiological mechanisms imperative for endogenously treating pain and increasing overall quality of life.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01207\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7c4d8b6a7f3268fc38b713421770e0add2d33f24\",\n \"result_position\": 65,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 252657934,\n \"title\": \"Beyond mindfulness: Arousal-driven modulation of attentional control during arousal-based practices\",\n \"venue\": \"Current Research in Neurobiology\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Kozhevnikov\",\n \"Alina Veronika Irene Strasser\",\n \"Elizabeth McDougal\",\n \"R. Dhond\",\n \"G. Samuel\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Here we report meditative techniques, which modulate attentional control by arousal-driven influences and not by monitoring continuous thought processes as during mindfulness-related practices. We focus on Vajrayana (Tantric Buddhism) practices, during which a sequence of generation (self-visualization as a deity - Yidam) or completion with sign (inner heat -Tummo) stages necessarily precedes non-dual awareness (NDA) Tantric Mahamudra. We compared the electrocardiographic and electroencephalographic correlates of Mahamudra performed after rest (non-Tantric Mahamudra) with Mahamudra performed after Yidam (Tantric Mahamudra) in 16 highly experienced Vajrayana practitioners, 10 of whom also performed Tummo. Both Yidam and Tummo developed the state of PNS withdrawal (arousal) and phasic alertness, as reflected by HF HRV decreases and Alpha2 power increases, later neurophysiologically employed in Tantric Mahamudra. The latter led to the unique state of high cortical excitability, “non-selective” focused attention, and significantly reduced attentional control, quantified by power reductions in all frequency bands, except Theta. In contrast, similar to mindfulness-related practices, non-Tantric Mahamudra was performed in a state of PNS dominance (relaxation), tonic alertness, and active monitoring, as suggested by Alpha1 power increases and less pronounced decreases in other frequency bands. A neurobiological model of meditation is proposed, differentiating arousal-based and mindfulness-related practices.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100053\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cc526bd479ea9ef72db48b098a4c33867e9228cc\",\n \"result_position\": 66,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 253091860,\n \"title\": \"Meditation: A Double-Edged Sword—A Case Report of Psychosis Associated with Excessive Unguided Meditation\",\n \"venue\": \"Case Reports in Psychiatry\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"S. Goud\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Meditation is gaining a lot of popularity nowadays because of the associated benefits on both mental and physical health. There is ample literature available on the benefits of meditation. However, there are cases of psychosis reported sporadically in individuals who indulge in excessive unguided meditation. Herein, we report a patient who presented with schizophrenia after doing excessive meditation.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1155/2022/2661824\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/00d7a0152db506878063b75e533ff729f1886113\",\n \"result_position\": 67,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 216269793,\n \"title\": \"Hypnosis and Hypnotherapy: The Role of Traditional Versus Alternative Approach\",\n \"venue\": \"Hypnotherapy and Hypnosis\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. H. Garba\",\n \"M. Mamman\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Hypnosis is a state of mind that is characterized by focused attention and heightened receptivity for suggestions. It is either established by compliance with instructions or achieved naturally; the critical nature of the mind is bypassed during hypnosis and acceptable suggestions are delivered. Misperceptions about hypnosis by clinical practitioners and their clients have been shaped through years of inaccurate but interesting portrayals of hypnosis in books, plays, and movies. Part of the misperceptions is that individuals with seemingly magical powers to manipulate the unsuspecting innocent with their authoritative voice commands and penetrating eyes are depicted as hypnotists. This chapter will review the traditional and conventional approaches used in hypnosis, their advantages and disadvantages as well as where hypnosis is used as a complementary or alternative therapy to the modern day orthodox medicine. Despite the pejorative image display of hypnosis and misconceptions surrounding it, hypnosis still has numerous applications in contemporary medicine. Hypnotherapy conducted by a trained therapist is considered as a complementary or safe alternative to present day orthodox medication for numerous ailments.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.91619\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/52fb457ad1a69787edb1a504814a2a30902fb421\",\n \"result_position\": 68,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":66,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"The educational landscapes of Indonesia and the Philippines present unique contexts for examining TK readiness. Both countries have made significant strides in integrating technology into education, but face challenges related to infrastructure, access, and teacher training"},"query_timestamp":{"kind":"string","value":"2025-07-28T23:46:11.981071+00:00"},"thread_id":{"kind":"string","value":"ea19def046ceeb363b0f680dbb079fc10e3496e2256f230b1191579e4c4c9c05"},"num_shown":{"kind":"number","value":37,"string":"37"},"num_clicked":{"kind":"number","value":0,"string":"0"},"has_clicks":{"kind":"bool","value":false,"string":"false"},"shown_papers":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"corpus_id":276658213,"title":"Optimizing Digital Literacy Integration in Early Childhood Education: A Case Study of Tarbiyatul Athfal Bulumanis Kidul Kindergarten","venue":"Golden Age: Jurnal Ilmiah Tumbuh Kembang Anak Usia Dini","year":2024,"authors":["Tafrihah","Yuli Utanto","Rahayu Pristiwati"],"abstract":"Digital literacy is increasingly recognized as a fundamental component of early childhood education, equipping young learners with essential skills to navigate digital environments. This study investigates the implementation of digital literacy in the independent curriculum at Tarbiyatul Athfal Bulumanis Kidul Kindergarten, focusing on organizational strategies, challenges, and pedagogical impacts. Employing a qualitative case study approach, data were gathered through observations, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis involving key stakeholders such as teachers, curriculum coordinators, and administrators. The findings indicate that while educators possess foundational digital competencies, continuous professional development is required for effective technology integration. Infrastructure limitations, financial constraints, and technical difficulties remain significant barriers to optimal digital literacy adoption. However, structured pedagogical strategies that incorporate information and communication technology (ICT) have been shown to enhance student engagement and learning outcomes. The study underscores the necessity of robust teacher training programs, improved digital infrastructure, and multi-stakeholder collaboration to ensure the sustainable integration of digital literacy in early childhood education. A key finding reveals that despite existing challenges, schools that implement digital literacy with structured teacher support and adaptive learning strategies demonstrate significant improvements in students' digital competencies and cognitive engagement. Future research should explore the long-term effects of early digital literacy exposure on cognitive and social development across diverse educational settings.","doi":"10.14421/jga.2024.94-14","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2810e8ca139f505428ae70f1af8fa389fc84d5ad","result_position":0,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":259533886,"title":"KINDERGARTEN TEACHERS’ READINESS IN IMPLEMENTING KURIKULUM MERDEKA","venue":"Academy of Education Journal","year":2023,"authors":["Esamada Rose Nursaputri","Yuliyanto Sabat"],"abstract":"In order to address the education crisis, the government implemented Kurikulum Merdeka. Teachers must be able to adapt to changes in the curriculum in order for curriculum implementation to work smoothly. This study was conducted to get a knowledge of teacher readiness in implementing new curriculum, particularly in kindergarten schools. This research includes a type of descriptive research with a qualitative approach. To identify readiness, interviews were conducted towards teachers in TK Cendekia 2 Sidoarjo. According to the findings of the interviews, teachers are ready to implement kurikulum merdeka. Yet, there is still lack of awareness of the curriculum structure, and there is still a need of training about lesson plans preparation and teaching modules creation. They still don't have a clear concept of why it should be implemented. They also claimed requirements in trainings and times to understand how to integrate advanced technology into learning process.","doi":"10.47200/aoej.v14i2.1715","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/49ee75a49dc464def7268f693e30de0618ea10e7","result_position":1,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":251633792,"title":"PKM PADA TK BINA ANAPRASA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN TENAGA PENDIDIK DALAM BIDANG TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI","venue":"Jurnal Kreativitas dan Inovasi (Jurnal Kreanova)","year":2021,"authors":["I. G. A. Putra","Musayyanah Musayyanah","Yosefine Triwidyastuti"],"abstract":"Kindergarten (TK) is the very important phase in child education to develop the next generation of the nation. Therefore, kindergarten teachers play an important role in the student learning. Kindergarten teachers should not only excel in conventional learning, but also in innovative learning, starting with blending Information Technology in student learning process. The purpose of the Community Partnership Program (PKM) is to improve the human resource quality in the implementation of Information Technology in administration and student learning process. The skill improvement focuses on the training of Google Applications such as Google Docs, Google Form, Google Slide, Google Sheet, and social media as well as Blogger to publish school's updated information to public.The consideration of partnering with TK Bina Anaprasa is because of the lower accreditation in C rank for over 23 years of establishment, and the lower understanding in Google and Internet application. In addition, the school do not have social media like blog or web to share information with the public. Therefore, in the short term the PKM program can improve the teachers' skills in area of Information Technology and in the long term the PKM program can establish an Internet-based kindergarten.","doi":"10.24034/kreanova.v1i2.5011","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b726795cd8c97480afad6ea035e4f57632e1df18","result_position":2,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":266663622,"title":"The Evolution of Science Education","venue":"Journal of Training, Education, Science and Technology","year":2023,"authors":["Nuraeni Nuraeni","Dewi Walahe"],"abstract":"In the context of the 21st century, the landscape of science education in Indonesia has undergone significant transformations, driven by technological advancements and evolving pedagogical approaches. This study aims to explore these developments, focusing on the current trends and challenges faced by educators and learners in the field of science education. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research integrates both quantitative and qualitative data, including surveys of science educators and students, interviews with educational experts, and analysis of educational policy documents. This comprehensive methodology allows for a nuanced understanding of the state of science education in Indonesia, encompassing perspectives from various stakeholders. The findings reveal a paradigm shift towards more interactive and technology-integrated teaching methods, highlighting an increased emphasis on developing critical thinking and problem-solving skills among students. However, challenges such as unequal access to technological resources, varying levels of teacher preparedness for new teaching modalities, and the need for curriculum updates to reflect contemporary scientific advancements are prominent. The study concludes that while there is a positive trend towards more dynamic and engaging science education in Indonesia, addressing these challenges is crucial for ensuring equitable and effective science education for all students in the 21st century. This research provides valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and curriculum developers in enhancing the quality and relevance of science education in Indonesia.","doi":"10.51629/jtest.v1i1.172","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b43cbfd6bd39a9eca861a7c71a2900c6758687f0","result_position":3,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":266674344,"title":"Integrating Technology into Classroom Training","venue":"Journal of Training, Education, Science and Technology","year":2023,"authors":["T. Al-Sindi","Halim Dwi Putra","S. Ghozi"],"abstract":"In the evolving landscape of education, the integration of technology in classroom training has emerged as a pivotal aspect of pedagogical advancement. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of new technological tools and methods in enhancing teaching and learning experiences in Indonesian educational institutions. Employing a qualitative approach, students with qualitative insights from 30 in-depth interviews with pedagogy experts. The quantitative data were analyzed using statistical tools to gauge the prevalence and impact of technology integration, while the qualitative data were subjected to thematic analysis to extract detailed perspectives on pedagogical transformations. The findings reveal a significant increase in student engagement and comprehension when interactive technologies, such as digital whiteboards and educational software, are incorporated into lessons. Additionally, teachers reported improved efficiency in lesson planning and delivery. The study highlights the potential of blended learning environments, which combine traditional teaching methods with digital tools, to enrich the educational experience. Despite some challenges related to resource availability and digital literacy, the overall response to technology integration in classrooms was overwhelmingly positive, suggesting a promising direction for future educational practices in Indonesia.","doi":"10.51629/jtest.v1i1.168","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/51c2197abee8ce5c0e38757035563532b0cfc656","result_position":4,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":271426494,"title":"Navigating the tech frontier: a systematic review of technology integration in mathematics education","venue":"Cogent Education","year":2024,"authors":["Angga Hidayat","Pipit Firmanti"],"abstract":"Abstract The current literature on technology in mathematics education overlooks integration of technology into mathematics education curriculum, a crucial aspect that this study aims to address. The research questions guide an exploration of technological applications, the impact on learning outcomes, engagement, and challenges faced by educators in Indonesia, culminating in proposed policy recommendations. The methodology of this qualitative study is based on a systematic literature review, utilizing the PRISMA framework to ensure a thorough and reproducible analysis of the existing scholarly works from Scopus and Web of Science databases. The search, employing keywords related to technology in the Indonesian mathematics curriculum, resulted in a dataset of 60 papers from Scopus and 11 from Web of Science, with a focus on empirical studies published exclusively in English. After applying further limitations and eliminating duplicates, a final set of 36 articles was selected for comprehensive analysis. The results show the diverse landscape of technology integration in mathematics education, identifying four primary classifications: hardware, general software, mathematical software, and online resources. Notably, general software, especially PowerPoint, emerges as a predominant tool, while positive outcomes, including improved learning, enhanced problem-solving skills, and increased comprehension, highlight the overall benefits of technology integration. However, challenges such as issues with mobile devices and limited digital tools underscore the need for strategic efforts to address infrastructure limitations. These findings have implications for technology integration in mathematics education, suggesting educators should diversify technology integration in mathematics, supported by government funding and policy review, fostering collaboration and research for responsible implementation.","doi":"10.1080/2331186X.2024.2373559","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f63809d49afec3a0c6024c181e6565aa0d5b8731","result_position":5,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":268017505,"title":"Identifying the Best Model for Implementing Technology-Based Education in Indonesian Schools","venue":"Edunesia : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan","year":2024,"authors":["Romana Herlinda","Martinus Jelimbi","Zeny Novia Adesfiana","Yohanes Bahari","Warneri Warneri"],"abstract":"This research aims to identify optimal models that can be implemented effectively in Indonesian schools using technology-based education. The approach used in this research is literature study analysis, using literature study research methods to collect and summarize related literature from various sources such as journals, books, research reports, and theses. An in-depth evaluation of the literature reviewed shows that each model, such as Blended Learning, Flipped Classroom, Learning Management Systems, Game Based Learning, Video-Based Learning, Open Educational Resources – OER, STEM Model, Social Media in Learning, and Mobile Learning (m-learning), has specific advantages and disadvantages. The results of this research identify optimal models to be implemented in the context of technology-based education in Indonesian schools but also provide a basis for improvement and concrete recommendations for further research and implementation. The implications of these research findings are significant, providing valuable guidance for educational stakeholders, teachers, and researchers. The resulting conclusions can also be a basis for policymakers to design more effective technology-based education strategies in Indonesia. Thus, this research has the potential to inspire positive changes in curriculum development and technology education in schools while supporting efforts to improve the overall quality of education in Indonesia.","doi":"10.51276/edu.v5i2.768","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c766aad9949c0a299eef20d701fe40362e8e5c97","result_position":6,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":260477273,"title":"Teachers’ perspectives on technology-based learning for the kindergarten students","venue":"Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn)","year":2023,"authors":["Nur Afifah Rustan","Bambang Yudi Cahyono","Rusdiana Junaid"],"abstract":"Ever since the pandemic occured, almost every sector utilize technology to accommodate learning. To tackle every possibility that may interfere the learning process, perspectives in using technology from teachers needed to be taken into account. Thereofore, the needs of finding the perspecives of teachers in teaching and learning especially in kindergarten are crucial since they are still new to the settings. Qualitative research design was applied through Google Form as the media to reach the participants. In collecting the data, the participants were asked about the use of the technology in the teaching and learning process using English as the language of instruction. This research involved eight teachers (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8) of English for young learners in three different schools. Results revealed that there were four main themes which indicated the use of technology in teaching in the kindergarten students, namely: i) Technology motivates children to learn; ii) Technology effects children’s health; iii) Technology is an optional medium; and iv) Suitable application are needed for better learning. These findings can be useful for the present and future stakeholders of kindergarten schools especially in the use of information and communication technology (ICT) in the teaching of English as a foreign language (EFL) at kindergarten settings.","doi":"10.11591/edulearn.v17i3.20618","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/385217d941e907b255eaf1f04e4c01c30690322f","result_position":7,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":274245188,"title":"Identification of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge of Pre-Service Teacher in English Language Learning","venue":"PAUD Lectura: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini","year":2024,"authors":["Aulia Dwi","Amalina Wahab","Abdul Kadir Jaelani","Baiq Nada","Buahana"],"abstract":"This study aims to identify the competencies of prospective early childhood teachers in integrating Technological Knowledge (TK), Pedagogical Knowledge (PK), Content Knowledge (CK), Technological Pedagogical Knowledge (TPK), Technological Content Knowledge (TCK), Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK), and Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK). This study uses a descriptive method and data is collected through a structured questionnaire. The sample consisted of 20 students from the Early Childhood Teacher Education Study Program, class of 2021. The results of the study show that high performance in TPACK with the \"Very Good\" category connects strong mastery of Technological Knowledge (TK), Pedagogical Knowledge (PK), and Content Knowledge (CK) which means that the student is not only proficient in using technology but also in teaching and understanding content very effectively. The \"Good\" category often shows increased pedagogical and content knowledge and the ability to apply technology better. Meanwhile, students with \"Average\" performance generally have a basic understanding of all components but still have difficulty integrating them effectively. The “Medium” category appears in the components of Pedagogical Knowledge (PK), Content Knowledge (CK), Technological Pedagogical Knowledge (TPK), Technological Content Knowledge (TCK), and Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK). In this case, additional support is needed to improve the skills of prospective teacher students in combining technology, pedagogy, and content.","doi":"10.31849/paud-lectura.v8i01.23224","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/66bca31e97d4f8ef4bebc45693d7bee7ed1ac754","result_position":8,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":271423555,"title":"Transforming Education in Indonesia: The Impact and Challenges of the Merdeka Belajar Curriculum","venue":"Path of Science","year":2024,"authors":["H. Hunaepi","I. Suharta"],"abstract":". The \"Merdeka Belajar\" initiative, introduced by Indonesia's Ministry of Education, represents a significant shift towards a student-centred learning approach. This manuscript aims to analyse the development, implementation, and outcomes of the Merdeka Belajar curriculum. The objectives are to evaluate the curriculum's impact on fostering critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving skills among students and to identify the challenges faced during its implementation. The methodology involves a comprehensive literature review and content analysis, drawing on existing research and policy documents to provide a detailed overview of the curriculum's principles and pedagogical foundations. The results indicate that the Merdeka Belajar curriculum has positively influenced students' engagement and learning outcomes by promoting autonomy and integrating 21st-century skills. However, significant challenges persist, including logistical issues, teacher preparedness, and digital resource disparities. The findings suggest that while the curriculum has made strides in transforming Indonesian education, further efforts are needed to address these challenges. Recommendations include enhancing teacher training programs, improving infrastructure to support digital learning, and fostering greater collaboration between educational stakeholders. By addressing these areas, the Merdeka Belajar curriculum can more effectively achieve its goal of preparing students for the demands of the modern world.","doi":"10.22178/pos.105-31","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/50f5677993954b14773e57ced789f4d7169a36f2","result_position":9,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":270262565,"title":"Challenges and Implementation of Technology Integration: Basis for Enhanced Instructional Program","venue":"American Journal of Arts and Human Science","year":2024,"authors":["Rifel Jeene Celeste","Ninfa C. Osias"],"abstract":"This study focused on examining the challenges and implementation of technology in schools within the Baungon Districts, Division of Bukidnon, during the School Year 2023-2024. A validated questionnaire was administered to 289 respondents, and data analysis involved statistical tools and triangulation methods. The findings revealed diverse challenges, with Equity and Access being the highest and Infrastructure and Resources being the lowest. Despite these challenges, technology integration was observed, particularly in Communication and Instructional Integration. Significant relationships were identified between challenges and implementation, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions. In-depth interviews highlighted educators’ innovative strategies and commitment to delivering quality education through technology. Strategic interventions are necessary to address obstacles and enhance technology integration. Offering continuous professional development opportunities for teachers is crucial. The study provides insights for educational leaders to develop interventions and enhance technology integration, ultimately improving the educational experience for students.","doi":"10.54536/ajahs.v3i2.2656","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0b5d040d6b4816286ae4ff6534a44362d4d05a7c","result_position":10,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":268867681,"title":"A NARRATIVE INVESTIGATION ON TPACK ENGLISH TEACHERS’PROFICIENCIES","venue":"English Review: Journal of English Education","year":2024,"authors":["S. Cahyati","Cynantia Rahmijati","Nai Supartini"],"abstract":"Abstract: The introduction of the Merdeka curriculum has brought significant changes in the curriculum, particularly in terms of the autonomy and flexibility of teachers’ teaching especially regarding to digital literacy. The Merdeka curriculum is based on the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework, which seeks to integrate subject expertise, pedagogical skills, and technological content. Despite extensive research on TPACK, there is a noticeable gap in qualitative studies that explore teacher experiences and perceptions, particularly in the context of Indonesia’s Merdeka curriculum. The novelty of this research lies in its methodological approach—using Narrative Inquiry to explore the experiences of English teachers. This approach provides a deeper, more nuanced understanding of how teachers perceive and implement TPACK in their classrooms. To gain a comprehensive understanding of this issue, we examined 50 teachers from various regions in West Java. Our findings indicate that a significant portion of teachers (55%) have successfully incorporated technology in their teaching practices. Furthermore, the majority of teachers (84%) feel confident utilizing efficient teaching strategies and delivering targeted content (80%). We note that a large percentage of teachers (76%) exhibit proficiency in integrating technology into the teaching-learning process, while also acknowledging their proficiency in technology, pedagogy, and content (79%).However, we also identified several obstacles such as internet connectivity issues, which were identified as a significant potential hindrance (68%), students' unfamiliarity with the application (20%), and data quota limitations (5%) as restrictions. A minor yet distinguished percentage illuminated issues such as school procedures (3%), lack of access to smartphones (2%), and indecision in using LCD facilities (2%) as pitching factors that hinder the smooth merging of technology into teaching and learning. Based on the available evidence, it can be inferred that despite facing several obstacles, a majority of teachers have demonstrated a high level of confidence in their ability to implement digital literacy TPACK-related skills. These skills are essential for promoting effective teaching and learning in a digital age. However, it is important to note that the challenges faced by teachers in this regard cannot be ignored. To ensure that teachers are adequately equipped to navigate these challenges, it is essential to provide them with appropriate training and support. Moreover, the result of this study could contribute to the field of English language teaching, educational technology, and policymaking in education.","doi":"10.25134/erjee.v12i1.9302","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/277619e5d95e40de6382058e10165482ee4ff500","result_position":11,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":159065386,"title":"ICT integration in the educational system of Philippines","venue":"","year":2018,"authors":["Q. P. Tomaro"],"abstract":"Purpose - The paper aims highlight the state of ICT integration to the educational system of the Philippines, including the challenges, efforts, and possible solutions. Design/Methodology/Approach - The study is a review of two scholarly works focusing on the case of ICT integration in the educational system of Philippines. The paper reviewed were the paper of Kubota, Yamamoto, and Morioka (2018) entitled, Promoting ICT education in developing countries: Case Study in the Philippine and the research work of Bonifacio (2013) entitled, Developing Information Communication Technology (ICT) Curriculum Standards for K-12 Schools in the Philippines. Findings - The critical analysis of the reviewed papers revealed several policy actions to fully integrate ICT in education in the case of Philippines such as added trainings for teachers, provision of computer infrastructures, integration of ICT in the curriculum in a strategized manner, and lastly a strong leadership. Originality - The paper provided a lens both on the problematic situation on the actual school set-ups and also the possible key steps to be undertaken for improvement. It is a review of the selected academic papers which delves into the ICT-Integration in the Educational System of Philippines. The formal efforts of the government were also highlighted including the prime importance of ICT in education. The paper does not only embolden a problem of the inadequacy of the school facilities but it highlights how this problem affects the competitiveness of Filipinos in the job market and the backwardness of the standing of the country in technological advancement.","doi":"10.18196/JGPP.5399","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9c246cd617bfe208bd5314e3b9566fedec503a65","result_position":12,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":270274313,"title":"Policy Reflection: Kurikulum Merdeka as Educational Innovation in the Era of Society 5.0","venue":"Edunesia : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan","year":2024,"authors":["Yohanes Redan Langoday","Nurrahma Nurrahma","S. Rijal"],"abstract":"Kurikulum Merdeka represents Indonesia's strategic response to the demands of Society 5.0, an era marked by pervasive technology integration. As an educational innovation, it aims to cultivate future-ready individuals adept at utilizing technology, possessing competitiveness, and providing innovative solutions for society. The curriculum emphasizes developing 21st century skills like critical thinking, creativity, and digital literacy through student-centered, project-based learning and formative assessments. Key opportunities include nurturing an adaptable, tech-savvy workforce and aligning education with industry needs. However, challenges arise in teacher readiness for constructivist pedagogy, technological competence, and the need for continuous curriculum updates. Successful implementation requires enhancing teacher training, providing adequate technological infrastructure, and fostering multi-stakeholder collaboration in curriculum design and evaluation. Policy reflection is crucial to optimize Kurikulum Merdeka's responsiveness to Society 5.0's rapid changes. By addressing opportunities, overcoming obstacles, and ensuring industry relevance, Indonesia can effectively prepare its youth to thrive in an increasingly digitalized world while driving sustainable societal progress. Proactive policy measures can position the education system as a catalyst for innovation and human capital development in the Society 5.0 landscape..","doi":"10.51276/edu.v5i2.915","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/01822b0ee8c20c5943131841a0bd02c507e80ee3","result_position":13,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":260985746,"title":"Understanding the Use of EduTech in Schools in the Philippines: Recommendations for Effectiveness","venue":"Engineering Science Letter","year":2023,"authors":["A. H. Mastul","Claze Therese De Vera","Cristina Beltran Jayme"],"abstract":"This article focuses on the utilization of educational technology in schools in the Philippines. The aim of the study is to provide recommendations for the effective use of EduTech in schools. The article takes a qualitative approach in presenting the author's perspective and opinion, supported by relevant literature. Educational technology is a phenomenon that is transforming the educational system of every school in the Philippines. However, there are several barriers to the effective implementation of EduTech, such as lack of infrastructure, teacher training, funding, digital divide, resistance to change, and technical difficulties. The article emphasizes the need for comprehensive and well-funded efforts to support the implementation and utilization of EduTech in schools in the Philippines. The study concludes that it is essential to educate teachers on the use of EduTech to ensure its effective implementation. Schools must also have adequate budgetary allocation to accommodate the use of technologies in instruction, and the digital divide between schools must be addressed to ensure that everyone has equal access to educational technology. Administrators should take the lead in promoting the use of EduTech in schools and creating an atmosphere that influences everyone to make use of these materials. By doing so, teachers and learners will be better equipped with the skills and knowledge necessary to thrive in the ever-evolving digital world.","doi":"10.56741/esl.v2i02.307","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f7f132a328c5a1619d3f00963691daef88f127a5","result_position":14,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":278209099,"title":"Insights on TPACK Implementation by Preservice English Teachers: Challenges and Solutions","venue":"Script Journal","year":2025,"authors":["E. Darsih","Vina Agustiana","Agie Hanggara","R. Palmer"],"abstract":"Background: A crucial issue in teacher education today is ensuring that PTs are well prepared to integrate technology into their future classrooms. This study examines the implementation of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) among preservice English teachers in planning and implementing learning, as well as the barriers they face and their solutions.Methodology: This study used a case study research design to explore in depth how PTs apply the TPACK framework in real classroom situations. The participants in this study consisted of five PTs from teacher education programs at four universities in Indonesia.Findings: PTs generally show good alignment between technology use, pedagogical strategies, and content in their lesson plans, but are often not optimally integrated during implementation. The main barriers identified include limited access to and technology resources, differences in technology skill levels between students and teachers, students' difficulties in adapting to technology-based learning, and time management issues. The solutions are to provide device assistance to students in need, provide basic technology training and plan carefully and provide realistic time for students to adapt to technology and complete assignmentsConclusion: To enhance technology integration in education, universities must prioritize providing device assistance and basic tech training for PTs. By addressing these barriers, educators can better support effective technology use in the classroom, ultimately improving student learning outcomes.Originality: How pre-service teachers, who are the next generation of educators, develop and implement TPACK during their preparation and learning phases. In particular, there is very little research that specifically explores the implementation of TPACK in the classroom by PTs, as well as a lack of exploration of the challenges faced by them and the strategies used in the TPACK integration process.","doi":"10.24903/sj.v10i1.2000","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f6c039f84c12d65e8ce8f3d62ab31a2b818c2f77","result_position":15,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":254761038,"title":"Technology Challenge: EFL Teacher Experience Teaching Online at Kindergarten","venue":"Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Undiksha","year":2022,"authors":["Na'imah","Muassomah","Azizah Nurul Fadlilah"],"abstract":"The application of learning technology makes a severe challenge for the English teachers as a foreign language (EFL) at Kindergarten learning online, which results in neglected outcomes. Various kinds of the latest tools and appropriate online learning technology are widely available, but the limited ability of EFL teachers and students can't keep up with the progress. This study aims to analyses how the challenges of EFL teachers and students using online learning technology impact output quality in kindergartens. The data for this study were sourced from the owners of the Kindergarten, the principal, and 12 EFL teachers who had considerable experience in two private Kindergartens. Data collection is done through observation, documentation, and interview. Data analysis is manually inductive with model producer which started from data collection, reduction, data display, and verification. The study results show that the importance of appropriate technology that EFL teachers and students cannot use has resulted in a fall in the quality of outcomes that have a global impact. The impact of children's education in Kindergarten affects further formal education, which should follow the demands of the development of science and technology in the present and the future. This condition does not pursue the educational vision, mission, and goals. At the same time, this study requires problem-solving based on problem-based learning, and excellent teachers must master Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK).","doi":"10.23887/paud.v10i2.52528","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c6728fcb9a06dabb02301fd7df25bd1402b6f0f1","result_position":16,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":214237361,"title":"TPACK FRAMEWORK: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN EFL CLASSROOMS","venue":"Research and Innovation in Language Learning","year":2020,"authors":["Lita Liviani Taopan"],"abstract":"Technological pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK) is a dynamic framework for defining teachers' knowledge. This framework is needed for designing, implementing, and evaluating curriculum and instruction with technology. TPACK framework was firstly developed by Shulman (1986) and then expanded by Mishra & Koehler (2006) by adding the technology element. The purpose of this inquiry is to explore and retell the story of an English teacher using the TPACK framework for teaching English. More specifically, the study is intended to know the challenges and the opportunities in using the TPACK framework in teaching English. A narrative inquiry with the thematic analysis used for analyzing the data. To collect the data, the researcher used a semi-structured interview, observation, and document analysis. The participant was an experienced English Teacher in a high school in Indonesia. The study revealed that technology integration in teaching English is quite complicated. The teacher deals with challenges like IT literate, internet connection, and lack of ideas to create meaningful tasks using technology. Otherwise, technology integration offers some opportunities such as a pleasant and flexible classroom, motivate students and teacher to improve themselves and various opportunities to develop the multimodal product. This finding is a useful input related to the EFL research on technology integration. ","doi":"10.33603/rill.v3i1.2763","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/74e81ef1e0d856986d7680c74f33659f225a54ab","result_position":17,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":273513273,"title":"ANALISIS STRATEGI PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR ENTERPRISE SISTEM INFORMASI MENGGUNAKAN TOGAF ADM (STUDI KA-SUS: TK TUNAS BANGSA SMART)","venue":"JIPI (Jurnal Ilmiah Penelitian dan Pembelajaran Informatika)","year":2024,"authors":["Selviana Yunita","Mauli Haspianto"],"abstract":"Kindergarten (TK) is a formal educational institution for early children in Indonesia. Kindergartens provide preschool education for children before entering Primary School. Information technology has a significant impact on several aspects of educational institutions, such as learning systems, school management, administrative systems","doi":"10.29100/jipi.v9i3.5117","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d2eb647cfe85aabef9914db9f3ce4faff8e637b6","result_position":18,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":158779231,"title":"ICT Integration in 21st-Century Indonesian English Language Teaching: Myths and Realities","venue":"Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan","year":2018,"authors":["A. Lubis"],"abstract":"Abstract: Albeit profoundly addressed and promoted, limited research-based articles were identified, in particular regarding the Indonesian EFL teachers’ views on ICT integration pertaining to whether it is considered as the real solution to ELT praxis reflecting on their experiences. Thus, the present study was aimed at seeking 13 English teachers’ perception on and attitude toward the implementation of ICT integration. Descriptive qualitative design was used in which a questionnaire consisting of 12 close- and open-ended questions was employed. The data gained were analyzed and displayed descriptively. The findings indicated that even though such framework triggers positive perception, the benefits of the integration were still focused more on the technical levels, not the communicative and functional ones in students’ learning process. Second, time allocation and technical problems became the major constraints to realize such integration. With respect to English education, this study provides a grounding portrait for associated parties to revisit the formulation of ICT integration toward students’ communicative skills. Keywords: ICT integration, English language teaching, perception, attitudesINTEGRASI TIK DALAM PENGAJARAN BAHASA INGGRIS DI INDONESIA ABAD KE-21: MITOS DAN REALITAAbstrak: Meskipun dikaji dan digalakkan, artikel berbasis penelitian terbatas khususnya berkaitan dengan pandangan guru bahasa Inggris di Indonesia tentang apakah integrasi TIK betul-betul menjadi solusi dalam praksis pengajaran bahasa Inggris yang terefleksikan dalam pengalaman mereka. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi dan sikap dari 13 guru bahasa Inggris terhadap integrasi TIK dalam pembelajaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik deskriptif menggunakan kuesioner sebagai instrumen yang terdiri atas delapan pertanyaan terbuka pilihan ganda dan empat pertanyaan terbuka. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan teknik deskriptif kualitatif. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa walaupun integrasi TIK berdampak pada persepsi positif terhadap keberadaan TIK tersebut, subjek memandang bahwa manfaat integrasi tersebut masih terfokus pada tingkat teknis, bukan pada aspek komunikatif dan fungsional dalam proses belajar siswa. Kedua, alokasi waktu dan masalah teknis menjadi kendala utama untuk mengimplementasikan integrasi tersebut. Studi ini memberikan potret landasan untuk mengkaji kembali perumusan integrasi TIK untuk keterampilan komunikatif siswa, khususnya dalam pendidikan bahasa Inggris. Kata Kunci: integrasi ICT, pengajaran bahasa Inggris, persepsi, sikap ","doi":"10.21831/cp.v37i1.16738","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dc1c534e7f7ddaf2ef90e7dd7ed5f08aa4d2d0b4","result_position":19,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":259762164,"title":"Teachers’ perceptions of technical affordances in early visual arts education","venue":"European Early Childhood Education Research Journal","year":2023,"authors":["S. Leung","Kimburley W. Y. Choi"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study aimed at exploring kindergarten teachers’ perceptions and usage of digital devices in their classrooms. A multiple case study (n = 4) was conducted to investigate how in-service experienced (n = 22) and novice (n = 24) kindergarten teachers interpreted the functional significance of digital devices, including the needs and challenges faced when applying digital devices in visual arts activities in their classrooms. A non-randomised convenience sampling strategy was used to recruit four local kindergartens in Hong Kong, whose teachers were invited to participate in focus group interviews. In total, 540 min of interview data were collected. We examined the in-service teachers’ perceptions of the affordances of digital devices in terms of (1) transparency, (2) challenge and (3) accessibility. Based on the teachers’ responses in the interviews, the findings indicated issues related to the use of digital devices in terms of these three areas here. The informants shared how their understandings of film language limited their intentions and usage patterns (including frequency of use) with respect to digital videos. Nevertheless, they admitted that digital videos were important tools for facilitating children’s learning and communication with their parents. This study reflects the current situation of technology education in Hong Kong, including how teacher educators perceive the usage and roles of digital videos in early arts education.","doi":"10.1080/1350293X.2023.2227367","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d6496c809d142d30e5f3840ab9a442e8d96a9277","result_position":20,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":274550082,"title":"Analysis of Teacher Pedagogical Competencies Using Digital Technology in Learning","venue":"Journal of Educational Analytics","year":2024,"authors":["H. Sakdiah","Ratna Unaida","Ali Akbar"],"abstract":"Current technological developments expect teachers to be able to integrate digital technology into the learning process to improve the effectiveness and quality of education. This study aims to analyze the use of digital technology in learning. This research method is Descriptive and Quantitative use a questionnaire as an instrument. The population of this study was professional teacher education students at Malikussaleh University who were teachers as many 400 people drawn as a random sample. The study results showed that the pedagogical competence of prospective professional teachers was in the very high category in 91.352%, as many 30.83% of respondents chose to use video media as their teaching.","doi":"10.55927/jeda.v3i4.12075","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6e9283b963e5a9d03d0994ce973118d7a5eab120","result_position":21,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":260102292,"title":"Storytelling Podcast as an Alternative Learning Tool for Early Childhood Education: A TPACK-Based Reflection","venue":"Al-Athfal: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak","year":2023,"authors":["Ali Formen","Edi Waluyo"],"abstract":"Purpose – This article reports on a project to facilitate teachers’ digital skill improvement. The context of the project itself was the past COVID-19 pandemic, which paralized the education sector, including the closure of early childhood education (ECE) centers. While remote, online learning was highly recommended to face disastrous situation such as pandemic, in practice, especially at the ECE level, online learning faces complex challenges. On the other hand, teachers were not adequately prepared for online and digital learning.\nDesign/methods/approach – This study combined developmental and conventional descriptive methods. The participants (15 people) were teachers, with various backgrounds of work experience (2 to over 7 years), with good internet access skills. Data and information were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation; followed by descriptive analysis.\nFindings – These teachers found that Podcasts could be an alternative and a variation of digital learning media. Making and using podcasts can also be an entry point in strengthening the integration of Technological and Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) in the ECE context.\nResearch implications/limitations – While storytelling Podcast as ECE learning tool was used limitedly during the COVID-19 period, its uses may last beyond the pandemic time provided systematic integration of digital technology and skills associated with it into ECE sector is met. \nPractical implications – This study implies that storytelling podcasts can be an alternative learning tool in the situation where teacher-student face-to-face interaction is less possible.\nOriginality/value – The emergency period prevented teacher-student direct contacts. This study contributes to providing an alternative to learning in an emergency situation.\nPaper type Research paper","doi":"10.14421/al-athfal.2023.91-03","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/feecc84214ce15c4a1e41faebb1766f4f921993f","result_position":22,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":261571667,"title":"Literature Review on Pedagogical Skills, Technology, and Digitalization","venue":"International Journal of Education and Humanities","year":2023,"authors":["Alif Ringga Persada","A. Sobandi"],"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to present an overview of the literature review related to pedagogical knowledge, technology, and digitalization. The method used in this research is qualitative research, where descriptive analysis of existing literature is carried out. The data sources used in this study are journal articles on pedagogical knowledge, technology, and digitalization, the results of which show that pedagogical knowledge plays an important role in the utilization of technology and digitalization in the classroom context. The literature review emphasized that a strong understanding of the principles of effective education and pedagogy is a necessary foundation for educators to integrate technology and digitalization into their classroom practices. With the help of pedagogical information, it enables educators to plan practical learning experiences using technological tools that are appropriate to students' needs and characteristics. In addition, literary research also shows that technology and digitalization can provide great benefits in an educational context. Appropriate use of technology can increase student engagement, encourage active and collaborative learning, and improve access to educational resources. Moreover, digitization can also change the way educators manage and assess learning. With the help of these articles, the relationship between pedagogical knowledge, technology, and digitalization in educational contexts can be further explored. The purpose of this study is to describe the literature on research on pedagogical knowledge, technology, and digitalization. The method used in this research is qualitative research, where a descriptive analysis of the literature review is conducted. Journal articles related to pedagogical knowledge, technology, and digitalization were used as data sources. The results of this study indicate that there are 24 articles that serve as literature research and can be used as references in the study of pedagogical skills, technology and digitalization","doi":"10.58557/(ijeh).v3i2.160","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/17501d19f71c1a08c96865d79632dd1daac6d4e0","result_position":23,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":244676460,"title":"Do technological knowledge and game-based learning promote students achievement: lesson from Indonesia","venue":"Heliyon","year":2021,"authors":["Cipto Wardoyo","Y. Satrio","B. Narmaditya","A. Wibowo"],"abstract":"Continuous managing the quality of education in the Covid-19 pandemic has been a unique challenge, and the government has acknowledged to shift from conventional to screen adopting technology. This research attempts to examine the relationship between technological understanding, game-based learning, and students' achievements. This work engaged a quantitative approach with SEM-PLS to gain a deeper understanding of the connectivity among variables. The participants were senior high school students from several places in East Java of Indonesia. The findings indicate that technological knowledge, educational competence, computer skills play an essential role in supporting technology-based learning. However, this study notes that game-based learning in distance learning cannot act as a mediator in enhancing the students’ achievement. This study offers policy-makers the use of game-based learning in the learning process during synchronous learning using technology.","doi":"10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08467","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0070beaaef2556d02f2793bd2204eea3f44b3eb6","result_position":24,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":274312992,"title":"Development Of Training Programs To Enhance Teachers' Digital Skills With Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK)","venue":"Journal of Educational Technology Studies and Applied Research","year":2024,"authors":["H. Oktaviani","Deka Dyah Utami"],"abstract":"The development of digital skills for teachers is important in the digital era, especially in the effective integration of technology into teaching and learning. This research focuses on the development of a training program based on Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) to enhance teachers' ability to utilize educational technology. The program was developed using the ADDIE model, which includes the stages of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation, to create relevant and adaptive training experiences. The program focuses on a development process designed to meet the diverse needs of participants and address barriers to digital training implementation in various educational contexts. The training results show that the majority of participants successfully mastered the basic TPACK competencies and demonstrated high levels of satisfaction. The program also adapts its approach based on the characteristics and needs of participants at each educational level, incorporating both online and face-to-face sessions. Despite challenges in infrastructure and accessibility, the program has been proven to significantly enhance teachers' digital skills, as evidenced by good graduation rates and positive participant perceptions of the training benefits. Therefore, this TPACK-based training can serve as an effective model in teacher professional development.","doi":"10.70125/jetsar.v1i2y2024a23","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0ee401aeddfa95e988d530d28bc25741af3873d3","result_position":25,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":270783598,"title":"Exploring the Integrating Technology in ELT Curriculum","venue":"ALSYSTECH Journal of Education Technology","year":2024,"authors":["Rahma Wahidha","Absharini Kardena"],"abstract":"The curriculum must be purposefully arranged and divided into distinct programs in order to fulfill the nation's educational goals, which have been set by the Indonesian government. A major factor in determining what should be included in an educational curriculum is technology integration inside the curriculum. It is necessary to conduct research studies that examine the extent and effectiveness of technology integration in Indonesia's English curriculum. Because of this, it's imperative that instructors look into effective ways to incorporate technology into English curricula and stay up to date on the latest technological developments that can improve language acquisition. This work's primary research methodology is research library, which comprises a careful review of relevant books, articles, and research papers. The purpose of the English curriculum and how it may be applied to improve language instruction in indonesia","doi":"10.58578/alsystech.v2i3.3253","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3e476214fd7458050b20d9eb6c6c08f945723bf3","result_position":26,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":270426664,"title":"IMPLEMENTATION OF TECHNOLOGY-BASED LEARNING BY PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS DURING TEACHING PRACTICE PROGRAM","venue":"Journal of English Education","year":2024,"authors":["Taufik Arochman","Paulina Besty Fortinasari"],"abstract":"Technology integration in classroom has become an important component for pre-service teachers in Teaching Practice Program (TPP). This situation makes technology become a basic need for instructors and also the students. The objective of this study is to identify the readiness of pre-service teachers in implementing technology in teaching and learning activities in the classroom. The method used in this study was qualitative research. Participants of the study were 50 pre-service teachers in Magelang and Temanggung Regencies, Central Java, Indonesia. The data were gathered using observation, questionnaires, and interviews. The results showed that most of the pre-service teachers were ready to face the challenges of applying technology in their classroom. Most of them have recognized the applications, software, and websites that can be integrated to the teaching and learning activities such as Slides, PowerPoint, Prezi, PowToon, and Canva. Moreover, most of students are familiar with and are even accustomed to using modern and complex applications that support teachers to improve students' English language skills such as Google Classroom, WhatsApp, WebEx Cisco, Google Meet, and Zoom. However, it is still very much needed so that students can integrate these applications into effective and meaningful learning.","doi":"10.24127/pj.v13i1.8988","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/585e0330185e8eeb17bff14afd3331a504172efb","result_position":27,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":252133269,"title":"Integrating the Technology in Teaching and Learning Process Through Digital Media Creation as A Way to Improve Indonesian EYL Teachers’ Competence","venue":"Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan","year":2022,"authors":["Shirly Rizki Kusumaningrum","U. Widiati","Khairil Anwar","Hernik Farisia"],"abstract":"Abstract: Now that the spread of Covid 19 is still high and the teaching and learning process should be continued to be conducted at homes, but it seems that some teachers –in this case EYL teachers– are not ready to integrate various digital platforms. It is necessary for us to respond to the need of investigating technology readiness of English for young learners teachers in teaching during this Covid 19 pandemic. It is strongly important to reveal the teachers’ technology readiness as it plays vital role, especially during this pandemic —when the only thing that the teachers and the students can do is interacting online. Without having adequate literacy in technological thing, it is impossible to create teaching and learning process which can facilitate both the teachers and the students. Based on the result of initial survey, it could be stated that some teachers might not be ready in integrating the technology in their virtual classrooms; ending up in either providing lots of assignments or creating monotonous activities, which of course break the nature of teaching English for young learners. Hence, it is expected that by conducting this study, the researchers could assist some of the teachers to be more aware with their technology readiness, so that they could serve the students better, and the students could also learn the material more interesting and meaningful.","doi":"10.17977/jptpp.v7i5.15268","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e813f092d39c22d7eed35887ea4d7dd943358240","result_position":28,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":244652972,"title":"TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATION IN AN INDONESIAN EFL WRITING CLASSROOM","venue":"TEFLIN Journal","year":2021,"authors":["Yustinus Calvin Gai Mali","Tom Salsbury"],"abstract":"The global, national, and local top-down technology-related policies and initiatives indicate the essential place of technology in education. However, little is known about classroom-based and self-reflective understandings of how the integration of technology can facilitate or distract students’ writing processes in the context of higher education in Indonesia, specifically from the eyes of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) writing lecturers in the country. In response, this qualitative study aims to delve closely into the lecturers’reflection of integrating technology to support their students in completing English language learning tasks in an EFL writing classroom. Data were gathered from three female writing lecturers. They completed four self-reflective checklists and were interviewed to clarify the checklists and their technological practices related to five stages of process writing, namely planning, drafting, editing, revising, and submitting. The analysis of the data indicated that the most successful experiences in using technology were in the planning stage. Meanwhile, technology applications in the drafting, editing, and revising phases were mainly used to submit work and provide feedback. Various technology applications used in the writing class, some issues in using the technology in the writing stages, and directions for further research are discussed.","doi":"10.15639/http:/teflinjournal.v32i2/243-266","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1e9988d27ee6ab18d8a57d58e03f1254998b7953","result_position":29,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":260693185,"title":"Technology Integration in Islamic Education: Policy Framework and Adoption Challenges","venue":"Journal of Modern Islamic Studies and Civilization","year":2023,"authors":["Muh Ibnu Sholeh"],"abstract":"This study aims to find how the strategy for implementing technology integration in Islamic education is effective and how to overcome the challenges of adopting technology integration in Islamic education. The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative approach. Qualitative descriptive research is research that produces descriptive data in the form of written or spoken words from people and observable behavior. The type of research used in this research is literature study. Data analysis was carried out using a descriptive analysis, by looking for patterns and finding themes that emerged from the materials collected. This study was analyzed by the stages of data collection, data presentation, data condensation and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that the strategy for implementing technology integration in Islamic education is through improving technology infrastructure, training and professional development for teachers and education managers, preparing relevant digital Islamic content, and a technology-based curriculum approach. Addressing the challenges of adopting technology integration in Islamic education through increasing the accessibility of technology, developing technology training and certification programs for teachers, diversifying funding sources for technology integration, and a flexible approach to curriculum development and evaluation","doi":"10.59653/jmisc.v1i02.155","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8246f6ca6a1cefa26cc1183a9efc3200733bd4b3","result_position":30,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":272974680,"title":"Mastering the TPACK framework: Innovative approaches by mathematics teachers","venue":"Jurnal Elemen","year":2024,"authors":["A. Putri","Dadang Juandi","Al Jupri","Sitti Busyrah Turmudi","Muchsin"],"abstract":"Integrating technological, pedagogical, and mathematical content knowledge poses an inherent challenge. Educators are tasked with achieving a harmonious equilibrium among these facets to ensure the productive utilization of technology to bolster mathematical learning endeavors. This study examines how mathematics teachers in West Sumatra use Technology, Pedagogy, and Content Knowledge (TPACK) in their classrooms. The investigation engaged a cohort of 15 teachers and 36 students, employing a qualitative descriptive methodology. Methodologically, the research adopted a survey-based approach, with data collection techniques encompassing literature reviews, interviews, and questionnaires. This study’s findings underscored teachers’ adeptness in incorporating the TPACK framework throughout the various facets of the teaching process, encompassing planning, execution, and evaluation. Educators have adeptly woven TPACK principles into the fabric of mathematics instruction, meticulously integrating technological tools across all stages of the pedagogical journey. The judicious integration of technology has yielded palpable benefits, fostering a conducive and engaging learning environment for students. Moreover, the findings of this research serve as a clarion call for further scholarly inquiry aimed at enhancing the efficacy and quality of TPACK-infused digital learning practices.","doi":"10.29408/jel.v10i3.26311","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/987625375d13e13499793f0a82d7209d5dee95cb","result_position":31,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":270604463,"title":"INTEGRATING INNOVATIVE PEDAGOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES INTO EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION TRAINING PROGRAMS:","venue":"Conhecimento & Diversidade","year":2024,"authors":["Ruslana Naida","L. Berezovska","Olena Bulgakova","Nadiya Kravets","Mariia Savchenkova"],"abstract":"The aim of this study is to analyze the integration of innovative pedagogical technologies into early childhood education training programs, focusing on play-based learning, project-based learning, augmented reality and virtual reality, and AI-powered tools. The comparative analysis aims to unveil the unique strengths, challenges, and opportunities associated with each approach. The study utilizes a systematic approach, drawing from diverse scientific literature, including articles, conference papers, and books. Through content analysis, the paper identifies key themes, theoretical frameworks, and implementation strategies, followed by a critical analysis of strengths and limitations. The results reveal distinctive strengths: play-based learning excels in holistic development, project-based learning in real-world skills, AR/VR in immersive experiences, and AI-powered tools in personalized learning. Challenges include guidance dependency in play-based learning, varying engagement levels in project-based learning, resource intensiveness in AR/VR, and ethical considerations in AI-powered tools. Opportunities arise in fostering creativity through play-based learning, encouraging critical thinking in project-based learning, providing realistic simulations with AR/VR, and offering adaptive learning experiences with AI-powered tools. In conclusion, the study underscores the immense potential of integrating technologies into training programs. It advocates for the establishment of national standards, comprehensive teacher training, resource facilitation, and international collaboration.","doi":"10.18316/rcd.v16i41.11551","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6123764fab4bc2d86a9365bb75b9046cae036c17","result_position":32,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":266638456,"title":"Management of Education Utilizing Technology for Schools in Southeast Asia","venue":"Qalamuna. Jurnal pendidikan, sosial, dan agama","year":2023,"authors":["Iwan Aprianto","Mahdayeni Mahdayeni","Pakinah Herliani","I. Iswanto","Mia Angela Gelileo"],"abstract":"This research will examine and comprehend the function and impact of technology usage in the context of education management in Southeast Asian schools. In the rapidly evolving digital and information technology era, education in the region faces many obstacles and opportunities. This research employs a qualitative literature review methodology to comprehend how schools in Southeast Asia use and manage technology in educational contexts. Data collection requires searching for, selecting, and analyzing relevant literature based on topic accuracy, relevance, reliability, and quality standards. Data analysis entails identifying central themes, methods utilized in the literature, and pertinent findings. The findings indicate that education resource management is essential for enhancing the quality of education in Southeast Asia. Faced with obstacles such as unequal access to education, varying quality of education, and policy shifts, the efficient management and application of technology have emerged as a viable solution. The equitable distribution of educational resources such as facilities, teachers, and learning materials among schools in different regions ensures that every student has access to a quality education.","doi":"10.37680/qalamuna.v15i1.4037","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c6c48fa80f93f9bcfd8524adf4aa8712f10f74e2","result_position":33,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":259558911,"title":"ISSUES AND CHALLENGES OF TECHNOLOGY USE IN INDONESIAN SCHOOLS: IMPLICATIONS FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING","venue":"International Journal of Indonesian Education and Teaching","year":2023,"authors":["Yustinus Calvin Gai Mali","Daniel Kurniawan","J. I. Januardi","Sanditya Jati Swara","Natalia Christy Emy Lokollo","Irma Amy Picauly","Nathasa Gracia Paramitha","Jose Argo Tanore","Meta Sekar Dewani","Risdy Wijaya Pakiding"],"abstract":"This paper mainly aims to explore issues and challenges in using technology to support teaching and learning in various schools located on three different islands in Indonesia, such as in Kalimantan, Nusa Tenggara, and Papua islands. The exploration was done through a holistic literature review of 30 national and local newspapers and online articles relevant to the aim of the study. We performed a peer-debriefing activity to present our review analysis to each other, comment on it, and made necessary revisions to our analysis to ensure the credibility of our review. While the results communicated various things, we could highlight some commonalities: unequal distribution of technology support or facilities in schools, creative ways to support teaching and learning practices regardless of the very minimum facilities that schools have, and continuous support from the Indonesian government and private sectors to improve school technology-supported facilities. We then discussed those commonalities in light of the relevant literature and their implications for teaching and learning to benefit school teachers or educational practitioners planning to teach in schools outside Java with minimal technological-related school facilities. ","doi":"10.24071/ijiet.v7i2.6310","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/82fa48411e17967d12b6d5b656c510ab4e350c2a","result_position":34,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":226330703,"title":"Secondary School Language Teachers’ Online Learning Engagement during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia","venue":"","year":2020,"authors":["Anita Lie","Siti Mina Tamah","I. Gozali","Katarina Retno Triwidayati","Tresiana Sari Diah Utami","Fransiskus Jemadi"],"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to explore language teachers’ online engage-ment during the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Four questions guided the inquiry in this study: 1) To what extent did teachers engage in online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic? 2) What challenges did teachers encounter while engaging in online learning during the Covid-19 crisis? 3) How has the suspension of face-to-face classroom meetings changed teachers’ practices? and 4) What were their hopes for the future of education in their respective regions? \nBackground The sudden learn-from-home mode enacted since 24 March 2020 due to the \nCovid-19 pandemic has forced all schools to shift into online learning with \nno or little preparation in terms of internet access, teacher capacity, and student-parent readiness. All in all, the pandemic disruption has shed light on \nthe widening digital divide that has serious implications for the human capital \ndevelopment in Indonesia \nMethodology This case study involved 18 teachers from four regions in Indonesia. Data \nwere collected through an online survey, weekly reflections, and interviews \nwith the teachers. A group interview with five students for each of the 18 \nteachers was used as triangulation. To probe more deeply into a representative sample for a variety of attributes, the researchers then focused on four \nteachers for a more in-depth analysis. \nContribution Knowledge of the impacting factors on online learning engagement can aid \nin resolving the issues and providing equal opportunities for all students. \nThis study highlighted that teachers in remote regions would need a more \ntop-down intervention from education authorities and offered two recommendations to the government to overcome the widening digital divide as \namplified by the current school suspension. This study presents interesting \nresults pertaining to online learning engagement during the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Insights gained in this study would contribute to the perspective on the challenges and dilemmas faced by educators and students \nelsewhere while engaging in online learning. \nFindings This study found an interplay of five related factors of online learning processes against five levels of engagement. Those five factors are learners, \nteachers’ prior exposure to online learning, technological knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, and the support system. Teachers in this study were still \nstruggling to enhance the quality of online learning engagement. Nevertheless, given the rising awareness of the inadequacy of their online learning delivery and a renewed sense of commitment, these teachers had high hopes \nthat they would be able to enhance their competence and improve their professional practices. \nRecommendations \nfor Practitioners \nThis study found most teacher participants have, within a short period, enhanced their technological knowledge (TK) regardless of their prior exposure \nto technology. Teachers can be encouraged to integrate their technological \nknowledge with pedagogical and content knowledge to develop their technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) by participating in the government program for teacher professional development. \nRecommendations \nfor Researchers \nThis study involves only language teachers; therefore, future researchers are \ninvited to involve non-language teachers so that more conclusive findings \ncan be obtained. \nImpact on Society Knowledge of the impacting factors on online learning engagement can aid \nin resolving the issues and providing equal opportunities for all students. \nMore importantly, the lessons learned should enlighten educators that technology integration into sound pedagogy would transform current practices \ninto quality learning. \nFuture Research Issues related to technology integration in education can still be unearthed especially because the budding insights of online learning will steadily be developing in post-pandemic realm, particularly in Indonesia.","doi":"10.28945/4626","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b3b382b8600720990c8dd246ee7edc2a813e49ff","result_position":35,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":42674854,"title":"What is Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK)?","venue":"","year":2009,"authors":["Denise Schmidt","Evrim Baran","Ann D. Thompson","Punya Mishra","Matthew J. Koehler","T. Shin"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1177/002205741319300303","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/11b5e79c892420b2b9e7f8eb9db8d283885ba947","result_position":36,"is_clicked":false}],"string":"[\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 276658213,\n \"title\": \"Optimizing Digital Literacy Integration in Early Childhood Education: A Case Study of Tarbiyatul Athfal Bulumanis Kidul Kindergarten\",\n \"venue\": \"Golden Age: Jurnal Ilmiah Tumbuh Kembang Anak Usia Dini\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Tafrihah\",\n \"Yuli Utanto\",\n \"Rahayu Pristiwati\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Digital literacy is increasingly recognized as a fundamental component of early childhood education, equipping young learners with essential skills to navigate digital environments. This study investigates the implementation of digital literacy in the independent curriculum at Tarbiyatul Athfal Bulumanis Kidul Kindergarten, focusing on organizational strategies, challenges, and pedagogical impacts. Employing a qualitative case study approach, data were gathered through observations, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis involving key stakeholders such as teachers, curriculum coordinators, and administrators. The findings indicate that while educators possess foundational digital competencies, continuous professional development is required for effective technology integration. Infrastructure limitations, financial constraints, and technical difficulties remain significant barriers to optimal digital literacy adoption. However, structured pedagogical strategies that incorporate information and communication technology (ICT) have been shown to enhance student engagement and learning outcomes. The study underscores the necessity of robust teacher training programs, improved digital infrastructure, and multi-stakeholder collaboration to ensure the sustainable integration of digital literacy in early childhood education. A key finding reveals that despite existing challenges, schools that implement digital literacy with structured teacher support and adaptive learning strategies demonstrate significant improvements in students' digital competencies and cognitive engagement. Future research should explore the long-term effects of early digital literacy exposure on cognitive and social development across diverse educational settings.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.14421/jga.2024.94-14\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2810e8ca139f505428ae70f1af8fa389fc84d5ad\",\n \"result_position\": 0,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 259533886,\n \"title\": \"KINDERGARTEN TEACHERS’ READINESS IN IMPLEMENTING KURIKULUM MERDEKA\",\n \"venue\": \"Academy of Education Journal\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Esamada Rose Nursaputri\",\n \"Yuliyanto Sabat\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In order to address the education crisis, the government implemented Kurikulum Merdeka. Teachers must be able to adapt to changes in the curriculum in order for curriculum implementation to work smoothly. This study was conducted to get a knowledge of teacher readiness in implementing new curriculum, particularly in kindergarten schools. This research includes a type of descriptive research with a qualitative approach. To identify readiness, interviews were conducted towards teachers in TK Cendekia 2 Sidoarjo. According to the findings of the interviews, teachers are ready to implement kurikulum merdeka. Yet, there is still lack of awareness of the curriculum structure, and there is still a need of training about lesson plans preparation and teaching modules creation. They still don't have a clear concept of why it should be implemented. They also claimed requirements in trainings and times to understand how to integrate advanced technology into learning process.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.47200/aoej.v14i2.1715\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/49ee75a49dc464def7268f693e30de0618ea10e7\",\n \"result_position\": 1,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 251633792,\n \"title\": \"PKM PADA TK BINA ANAPRASA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN TENAGA PENDIDIK DALAM BIDANG TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI\",\n \"venue\": \"Jurnal Kreativitas dan Inovasi (Jurnal Kreanova)\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"I. G. A. Putra\",\n \"Musayyanah Musayyanah\",\n \"Yosefine Triwidyastuti\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Kindergarten (TK) is the very important phase in child education to develop the next generation of the nation. Therefore, kindergarten teachers play an important role in the student learning. Kindergarten teachers should not only excel in conventional learning, but also in innovative learning, starting with blending Information Technology in student learning process. The purpose of the Community Partnership Program (PKM) is to improve the human resource quality in the implementation of Information Technology in administration and student learning process. The skill improvement focuses on the training of Google Applications such as Google Docs, Google Form, Google Slide, Google Sheet, and social media as well as Blogger to publish school's updated information to public.The consideration of partnering with TK Bina Anaprasa is because of the lower accreditation in C rank for over 23 years of establishment, and the lower understanding in Google and Internet application. In addition, the school do not have social media like blog or web to share information with the public. Therefore, in the short term the PKM program can improve the teachers' skills in area of Information Technology and in the long term the PKM program can establish an Internet-based kindergarten.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.24034/kreanova.v1i2.5011\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b726795cd8c97480afad6ea035e4f57632e1df18\",\n \"result_position\": 2,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 266663622,\n \"title\": \"The Evolution of Science Education\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Training, Education, Science and Technology\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Nuraeni Nuraeni\",\n \"Dewi Walahe\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In the context of the 21st century, the landscape of science education in Indonesia has undergone significant transformations, driven by technological advancements and evolving pedagogical approaches. This study aims to explore these developments, focusing on the current trends and challenges faced by educators and learners in the field of science education. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research integrates both quantitative and qualitative data, including surveys of science educators and students, interviews with educational experts, and analysis of educational policy documents. This comprehensive methodology allows for a nuanced understanding of the state of science education in Indonesia, encompassing perspectives from various stakeholders. The findings reveal a paradigm shift towards more interactive and technology-integrated teaching methods, highlighting an increased emphasis on developing critical thinking and problem-solving skills among students. However, challenges such as unequal access to technological resources, varying levels of teacher preparedness for new teaching modalities, and the need for curriculum updates to reflect contemporary scientific advancements are prominent. The study concludes that while there is a positive trend towards more dynamic and engaging science education in Indonesia, addressing these challenges is crucial for ensuring equitable and effective science education for all students in the 21st century. This research provides valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and curriculum developers in enhancing the quality and relevance of science education in Indonesia.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.51629/jtest.v1i1.172\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b43cbfd6bd39a9eca861a7c71a2900c6758687f0\",\n \"result_position\": 3,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 266674344,\n \"title\": \"Integrating Technology into Classroom Training\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Training, Education, Science and Technology\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"T. Al-Sindi\",\n \"Halim Dwi Putra\",\n \"S. Ghozi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In the evolving landscape of education, the integration of technology in classroom training has emerged as a pivotal aspect of pedagogical advancement. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of new technological tools and methods in enhancing teaching and learning experiences in Indonesian educational institutions. Employing a qualitative approach, students with qualitative insights from 30 in-depth interviews with pedagogy experts. The quantitative data were analyzed using statistical tools to gauge the prevalence and impact of technology integration, while the qualitative data were subjected to thematic analysis to extract detailed perspectives on pedagogical transformations. The findings reveal a significant increase in student engagement and comprehension when interactive technologies, such as digital whiteboards and educational software, are incorporated into lessons. Additionally, teachers reported improved efficiency in lesson planning and delivery. The study highlights the potential of blended learning environments, which combine traditional teaching methods with digital tools, to enrich the educational experience. Despite some challenges related to resource availability and digital literacy, the overall response to technology integration in classrooms was overwhelmingly positive, suggesting a promising direction for future educational practices in Indonesia.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.51629/jtest.v1i1.168\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/51c2197abee8ce5c0e38757035563532b0cfc656\",\n \"result_position\": 4,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 271426494,\n \"title\": \"Navigating the tech frontier: a systematic review of technology integration in mathematics education\",\n \"venue\": \"Cogent Education\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Angga Hidayat\",\n \"Pipit Firmanti\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract The current literature on technology in mathematics education overlooks integration of technology into mathematics education curriculum, a crucial aspect that this study aims to address. The research questions guide an exploration of technological applications, the impact on learning outcomes, engagement, and challenges faced by educators in Indonesia, culminating in proposed policy recommendations. The methodology of this qualitative study is based on a systematic literature review, utilizing the PRISMA framework to ensure a thorough and reproducible analysis of the existing scholarly works from Scopus and Web of Science databases. The search, employing keywords related to technology in the Indonesian mathematics curriculum, resulted in a dataset of 60 papers from Scopus and 11 from Web of Science, with a focus on empirical studies published exclusively in English. After applying further limitations and eliminating duplicates, a final set of 36 articles was selected for comprehensive analysis. The results show the diverse landscape of technology integration in mathematics education, identifying four primary classifications: hardware, general software, mathematical software, and online resources. Notably, general software, especially PowerPoint, emerges as a predominant tool, while positive outcomes, including improved learning, enhanced problem-solving skills, and increased comprehension, highlight the overall benefits of technology integration. However, challenges such as issues with mobile devices and limited digital tools underscore the need for strategic efforts to address infrastructure limitations. These findings have implications for technology integration in mathematics education, suggesting educators should diversify technology integration in mathematics, supported by government funding and policy review, fostering collaboration and research for responsible implementation.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/2331186X.2024.2373559\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f63809d49afec3a0c6024c181e6565aa0d5b8731\",\n \"result_position\": 5,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 268017505,\n \"title\": \"Identifying the Best Model for Implementing Technology-Based Education in Indonesian Schools\",\n \"venue\": \"Edunesia : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Romana Herlinda\",\n \"Martinus Jelimbi\",\n \"Zeny Novia Adesfiana\",\n \"Yohanes Bahari\",\n \"Warneri Warneri\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This research aims to identify optimal models that can be implemented effectively in Indonesian schools using technology-based education. The approach used in this research is literature study analysis, using literature study research methods to collect and summarize related literature from various sources such as journals, books, research reports, and theses. An in-depth evaluation of the literature reviewed shows that each model, such as Blended Learning, Flipped Classroom, Learning Management Systems, Game Based Learning, Video-Based Learning, Open Educational Resources – OER, STEM Model, Social Media in Learning, and Mobile Learning (m-learning), has specific advantages and disadvantages. The results of this research identify optimal models to be implemented in the context of technology-based education in Indonesian schools but also provide a basis for improvement and concrete recommendations for further research and implementation. The implications of these research findings are significant, providing valuable guidance for educational stakeholders, teachers, and researchers. The resulting conclusions can also be a basis for policymakers to design more effective technology-based education strategies in Indonesia. Thus, this research has the potential to inspire positive changes in curriculum development and technology education in schools while supporting efforts to improve the overall quality of education in Indonesia.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.51276/edu.v5i2.768\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c766aad9949c0a299eef20d701fe40362e8e5c97\",\n \"result_position\": 6,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 260477273,\n \"title\": \"Teachers’ perspectives on technology-based learning for the kindergarten students\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn)\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Nur Afifah Rustan\",\n \"Bambang Yudi Cahyono\",\n \"Rusdiana Junaid\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Ever since the pandemic occured, almost every sector utilize technology to accommodate learning. To tackle every possibility that may interfere the learning process, perspectives in using technology from teachers needed to be taken into account. Thereofore, the needs of finding the perspecives of teachers in teaching and learning especially in kindergarten are crucial since they are still new to the settings. Qualitative research design was applied through Google Form as the media to reach the participants. In collecting the data, the participants were asked about the use of the technology in the teaching and learning process using English as the language of instruction. This research involved eight teachers (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8) of English for young learners in three different schools. Results revealed that there were four main themes which indicated the use of technology in teaching in the kindergarten students, namely: i) Technology motivates children to learn; ii) Technology effects children’s health; iii) Technology is an optional medium; and iv) Suitable application are needed for better learning. These findings can be useful for the present and future stakeholders of kindergarten schools especially in the use of information and communication technology (ICT) in the teaching of English as a foreign language (EFL) at kindergarten settings.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.11591/edulearn.v17i3.20618\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/385217d941e907b255eaf1f04e4c01c30690322f\",\n \"result_position\": 7,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 274245188,\n \"title\": \"Identification of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge of Pre-Service Teacher in English Language Learning\",\n \"venue\": \"PAUD Lectura: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Aulia Dwi\",\n \"Amalina Wahab\",\n \"Abdul Kadir Jaelani\",\n \"Baiq Nada\",\n \"Buahana\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This study aims to identify the competencies of prospective early childhood teachers in integrating Technological Knowledge (TK), Pedagogical Knowledge (PK), Content Knowledge (CK), Technological Pedagogical Knowledge (TPK), Technological Content Knowledge (TCK), Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK), and Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK). This study uses a descriptive method and data is collected through a structured questionnaire. The sample consisted of 20 students from the Early Childhood Teacher Education Study Program, class of 2021. The results of the study show that high performance in TPACK with the \\\"Very Good\\\" category connects strong mastery of Technological Knowledge (TK), Pedagogical Knowledge (PK), and Content Knowledge (CK) which means that the student is not only proficient in using technology but also in teaching and understanding content very effectively. The \\\"Good\\\" category often shows increased pedagogical and content knowledge and the ability to apply technology better. Meanwhile, students with \\\"Average\\\" performance generally have a basic understanding of all components but still have difficulty integrating them effectively. The “Medium” category appears in the components of Pedagogical Knowledge (PK), Content Knowledge (CK), Technological Pedagogical Knowledge (TPK), Technological Content Knowledge (TCK), and Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK). In this case, additional support is needed to improve the skills of prospective teacher students in combining technology, pedagogy, and content.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.31849/paud-lectura.v8i01.23224\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/66bca31e97d4f8ef4bebc45693d7bee7ed1ac754\",\n \"result_position\": 8,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 271423555,\n \"title\": \"Transforming Education in Indonesia: The Impact and Challenges of the Merdeka Belajar Curriculum\",\n \"venue\": \"Path of Science\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"H. Hunaepi\",\n \"I. Suharta\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \". The \\\"Merdeka Belajar\\\" initiative, introduced by Indonesia's Ministry of Education, represents a significant shift towards a student-centred learning approach. This manuscript aims to analyse the development, implementation, and outcomes of the Merdeka Belajar curriculum. The objectives are to evaluate the curriculum's impact on fostering critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving skills among students and to identify the challenges faced during its implementation. The methodology involves a comprehensive literature review and content analysis, drawing on existing research and policy documents to provide a detailed overview of the curriculum's principles and pedagogical foundations. The results indicate that the Merdeka Belajar curriculum has positively influenced students' engagement and learning outcomes by promoting autonomy and integrating 21st-century skills. However, significant challenges persist, including logistical issues, teacher preparedness, and digital resource disparities. The findings suggest that while the curriculum has made strides in transforming Indonesian education, further efforts are needed to address these challenges. Recommendations include enhancing teacher training programs, improving infrastructure to support digital learning, and fostering greater collaboration between educational stakeholders. By addressing these areas, the Merdeka Belajar curriculum can more effectively achieve its goal of preparing students for the demands of the modern world.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.22178/pos.105-31\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/50f5677993954b14773e57ced789f4d7169a36f2\",\n \"result_position\": 9,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 270262565,\n \"title\": \"Challenges and Implementation of Technology Integration: Basis for Enhanced Instructional Program\",\n \"venue\": \"American Journal of Arts and Human Science\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Rifel Jeene Celeste\",\n \"Ninfa C. Osias\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This study focused on examining the challenges and implementation of technology in schools within the Baungon Districts, Division of Bukidnon, during the School Year 2023-2024. A validated questionnaire was administered to 289 respondents, and data analysis involved statistical tools and triangulation methods. The findings revealed diverse challenges, with Equity and Access being the highest and Infrastructure and Resources being the lowest. Despite these challenges, technology integration was observed, particularly in Communication and Instructional Integration. Significant relationships were identified between challenges and implementation, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions. In-depth interviews highlighted educators’ innovative strategies and commitment to delivering quality education through technology. Strategic interventions are necessary to address obstacles and enhance technology integration. Offering continuous professional development opportunities for teachers is crucial. The study provides insights for educational leaders to develop interventions and enhance technology integration, ultimately improving the educational experience for students.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.54536/ajahs.v3i2.2656\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0b5d040d6b4816286ae4ff6534a44362d4d05a7c\",\n \"result_position\": 10,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 268867681,\n \"title\": \"A NARRATIVE INVESTIGATION ON TPACK ENGLISH TEACHERS’PROFICIENCIES\",\n \"venue\": \"English Review: Journal of English Education\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"S. Cahyati\",\n \"Cynantia Rahmijati\",\n \"Nai Supartini\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract: The introduction of the Merdeka curriculum has brought significant changes in the curriculum, particularly in terms of the autonomy and flexibility of teachers’ teaching especially regarding to digital literacy. The Merdeka curriculum is based on the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework, which seeks to integrate subject expertise, pedagogical skills, and technological content. Despite extensive research on TPACK, there is a noticeable gap in qualitative studies that explore teacher experiences and perceptions, particularly in the context of Indonesia’s Merdeka curriculum. The novelty of this research lies in its methodological approach—using Narrative Inquiry to explore the experiences of English teachers. This approach provides a deeper, more nuanced understanding of how teachers perceive and implement TPACK in their classrooms. To gain a comprehensive understanding of this issue, we examined 50 teachers from various regions in West Java. Our findings indicate that a significant portion of teachers (55%) have successfully incorporated technology in their teaching practices. Furthermore, the majority of teachers (84%) feel confident utilizing efficient teaching strategies and delivering targeted content (80%). We note that a large percentage of teachers (76%) exhibit proficiency in integrating technology into the teaching-learning process, while also acknowledging their proficiency in technology, pedagogy, and content (79%).However, we also identified several obstacles such as internet connectivity issues, which were identified as a significant potential hindrance (68%), students' unfamiliarity with the application (20%), and data quota limitations (5%) as restrictions. A minor yet distinguished percentage illuminated issues such as school procedures (3%), lack of access to smartphones (2%), and indecision in using LCD facilities (2%) as pitching factors that hinder the smooth merging of technology into teaching and learning. Based on the available evidence, it can be inferred that despite facing several obstacles, a majority of teachers have demonstrated a high level of confidence in their ability to implement digital literacy TPACK-related skills. These skills are essential for promoting effective teaching and learning in a digital age. However, it is important to note that the challenges faced by teachers in this regard cannot be ignored. To ensure that teachers are adequately equipped to navigate these challenges, it is essential to provide them with appropriate training and support. Moreover, the result of this study could contribute to the field of English language teaching, educational technology, and policymaking in education.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.25134/erjee.v12i1.9302\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/277619e5d95e40de6382058e10165482ee4ff500\",\n \"result_position\": 11,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 159065386,\n \"title\": \"ICT integration in the educational system of Philippines\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Q. P. Tomaro\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Purpose - The paper aims highlight the state of ICT integration to the educational system of the Philippines, including the challenges, efforts, and possible solutions. Design/Methodology/Approach - The study is a review of two scholarly works focusing on the case of ICT integration in the educational system of Philippines. The paper reviewed were the paper of Kubota, Yamamoto, and Morioka (2018) entitled, Promoting ICT education in developing countries: Case Study in the Philippine and the research work of Bonifacio (2013) entitled, Developing Information Communication Technology (ICT) Curriculum Standards for K-12 Schools in the Philippines. Findings - The critical analysis of the reviewed papers revealed several policy actions to fully integrate ICT in education in the case of Philippines such as added trainings for teachers, provision of computer infrastructures, integration of ICT in the curriculum in a strategized manner, and lastly a strong leadership. Originality - The paper provided a lens both on the problematic situation on the actual school set-ups and also the possible key steps to be undertaken for improvement. It is a review of the selected academic papers which delves into the ICT-Integration in the Educational System of Philippines. The formal efforts of the government were also highlighted including the prime importance of ICT in education. The paper does not only embolden a problem of the inadequacy of the school facilities but it highlights how this problem affects the competitiveness of Filipinos in the job market and the backwardness of the standing of the country in technological advancement.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.18196/JGPP.5399\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9c246cd617bfe208bd5314e3b9566fedec503a65\",\n \"result_position\": 12,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 270274313,\n \"title\": \"Policy Reflection: Kurikulum Merdeka as Educational Innovation in the Era of Society 5.0\",\n \"venue\": \"Edunesia : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yohanes Redan Langoday\",\n \"Nurrahma Nurrahma\",\n \"S. Rijal\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Kurikulum Merdeka represents Indonesia's strategic response to the demands of Society 5.0, an era marked by pervasive technology integration. As an educational innovation, it aims to cultivate future-ready individuals adept at utilizing technology, possessing competitiveness, and providing innovative solutions for society. The curriculum emphasizes developing 21st century skills like critical thinking, creativity, and digital literacy through student-centered, project-based learning and formative assessments. Key opportunities include nurturing an adaptable, tech-savvy workforce and aligning education with industry needs. However, challenges arise in teacher readiness for constructivist pedagogy, technological competence, and the need for continuous curriculum updates. Successful implementation requires enhancing teacher training, providing adequate technological infrastructure, and fostering multi-stakeholder collaboration in curriculum design and evaluation. Policy reflection is crucial to optimize Kurikulum Merdeka's responsiveness to Society 5.0's rapid changes. By addressing opportunities, overcoming obstacles, and ensuring industry relevance, Indonesia can effectively prepare its youth to thrive in an increasingly digitalized world while driving sustainable societal progress. Proactive policy measures can position the education system as a catalyst for innovation and human capital development in the Society 5.0 landscape..\",\n \"doi\": \"10.51276/edu.v5i2.915\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/01822b0ee8c20c5943131841a0bd02c507e80ee3\",\n \"result_position\": 13,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 260985746,\n \"title\": \"Understanding the Use of EduTech in Schools in the Philippines: Recommendations for Effectiveness\",\n \"venue\": \"Engineering Science Letter\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. H. Mastul\",\n \"Claze Therese De Vera\",\n \"Cristina Beltran Jayme\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This article focuses on the utilization of educational technology in schools in the Philippines. The aim of the study is to provide recommendations for the effective use of EduTech in schools. The article takes a qualitative approach in presenting the author's perspective and opinion, supported by relevant literature. Educational technology is a phenomenon that is transforming the educational system of every school in the Philippines. However, there are several barriers to the effective implementation of EduTech, such as lack of infrastructure, teacher training, funding, digital divide, resistance to change, and technical difficulties. The article emphasizes the need for comprehensive and well-funded efforts to support the implementation and utilization of EduTech in schools in the Philippines. The study concludes that it is essential to educate teachers on the use of EduTech to ensure its effective implementation. Schools must also have adequate budgetary allocation to accommodate the use of technologies in instruction, and the digital divide between schools must be addressed to ensure that everyone has equal access to educational technology. Administrators should take the lead in promoting the use of EduTech in schools and creating an atmosphere that influences everyone to make use of these materials. By doing so, teachers and learners will be better equipped with the skills and knowledge necessary to thrive in the ever-evolving digital world.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.56741/esl.v2i02.307\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f7f132a328c5a1619d3f00963691daef88f127a5\",\n \"result_position\": 14,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 278209099,\n \"title\": \"Insights on TPACK Implementation by Preservice English Teachers: Challenges and Solutions\",\n \"venue\": \"Script Journal\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"E. Darsih\",\n \"Vina Agustiana\",\n \"Agie Hanggara\",\n \"R. Palmer\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Background: A crucial issue in teacher education today is ensuring that PTs are well prepared to integrate technology into their future classrooms. This study examines the implementation of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) among preservice English teachers in planning and implementing learning, as well as the barriers they face and their solutions.Methodology: This study used a case study research design to explore in depth how PTs apply the TPACK framework in real classroom situations. The participants in this study consisted of five PTs from teacher education programs at four universities in Indonesia.Findings: PTs generally show good alignment between technology use, pedagogical strategies, and content in their lesson plans, but are often not optimally integrated during implementation. The main barriers identified include limited access to and technology resources, differences in technology skill levels between students and teachers, students' difficulties in adapting to technology-based learning, and time management issues. The solutions are to provide device assistance to students in need, provide basic technology training and plan carefully and provide realistic time for students to adapt to technology and complete assignmentsConclusion: To enhance technology integration in education, universities must prioritize providing device assistance and basic tech training for PTs. By addressing these barriers, educators can better support effective technology use in the classroom, ultimately improving student learning outcomes.Originality: How pre-service teachers, who are the next generation of educators, develop and implement TPACK during their preparation and learning phases. In particular, there is very little research that specifically explores the implementation of TPACK in the classroom by PTs, as well as a lack of exploration of the challenges faced by them and the strategies used in the TPACK integration process.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.24903/sj.v10i1.2000\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f6c039f84c12d65e8ce8f3d62ab31a2b818c2f77\",\n \"result_position\": 15,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 254761038,\n \"title\": \"Technology Challenge: EFL Teacher Experience Teaching Online at Kindergarten\",\n \"venue\": \"Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Undiksha\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Na'imah\",\n \"Muassomah\",\n \"Azizah Nurul Fadlilah\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The application of learning technology makes a severe challenge for the English teachers as a foreign language (EFL) at Kindergarten learning online, which results in neglected outcomes. Various kinds of the latest tools and appropriate online learning technology are widely available, but the limited ability of EFL teachers and students can't keep up with the progress. This study aims to analyses how the challenges of EFL teachers and students using online learning technology impact output quality in kindergartens. The data for this study were sourced from the owners of the Kindergarten, the principal, and 12 EFL teachers who had considerable experience in two private Kindergartens. Data collection is done through observation, documentation, and interview. Data analysis is manually inductive with model producer which started from data collection, reduction, data display, and verification. The study results show that the importance of appropriate technology that EFL teachers and students cannot use has resulted in a fall in the quality of outcomes that have a global impact. The impact of children's education in Kindergarten affects further formal education, which should follow the demands of the development of science and technology in the present and the future. This condition does not pursue the educational vision, mission, and goals. At the same time, this study requires problem-solving based on problem-based learning, and excellent teachers must master Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK).\",\n \"doi\": \"10.23887/paud.v10i2.52528\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c6728fcb9a06dabb02301fd7df25bd1402b6f0f1\",\n \"result_position\": 16,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 214237361,\n \"title\": \"TPACK FRAMEWORK: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN EFL CLASSROOMS\",\n \"venue\": \"Research and Innovation in Language Learning\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Lita Liviani Taopan\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Technological pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK) is a dynamic framework for defining teachers' knowledge. This framework is needed for designing, implementing, and evaluating curriculum and instruction with technology. TPACK framework was firstly developed by Shulman (1986) and then expanded by Mishra & Koehler (2006) by adding the technology element. The purpose of this inquiry is to explore and retell the story of an English teacher using the TPACK framework for teaching English. More specifically, the study is intended to know the challenges and the opportunities in using the TPACK framework in teaching English. A narrative inquiry with the thematic analysis used for analyzing the data. To collect the data, the researcher used a semi-structured interview, observation, and document analysis. The participant was an experienced English Teacher in a high school in Indonesia. The study revealed that technology integration in teaching English is quite complicated. The teacher deals with challenges like IT literate, internet connection, and lack of ideas to create meaningful tasks using technology. Otherwise, technology integration offers some opportunities such as a pleasant and flexible classroom, motivate students and teacher to improve themselves and various opportunities to develop the multimodal product. This finding is a useful input related to the EFL research on technology integration. \",\n \"doi\": \"10.33603/rill.v3i1.2763\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/74e81ef1e0d856986d7680c74f33659f225a54ab\",\n \"result_position\": 17,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 273513273,\n \"title\": \"ANALISIS STRATEGI PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR ENTERPRISE SISTEM INFORMASI MENGGUNAKAN TOGAF ADM (STUDI KA-SUS: TK TUNAS BANGSA SMART)\",\n \"venue\": \"JIPI (Jurnal Ilmiah Penelitian dan Pembelajaran Informatika)\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Selviana Yunita\",\n \"Mauli Haspianto\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Kindergarten (TK) is a formal educational institution for early children in Indonesia. Kindergartens provide preschool education for children before entering Primary School. Information technology has a significant impact on several aspects of educational institutions, such as learning systems, school management, administrative systems\",\n \"doi\": \"10.29100/jipi.v9i3.5117\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d2eb647cfe85aabef9914db9f3ce4faff8e637b6\",\n \"result_position\": 18,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 158779231,\n \"title\": \"ICT Integration in 21st-Century Indonesian English Language Teaching: Myths and Realities\",\n \"venue\": \"Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Lubis\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract: Albeit profoundly addressed and promoted, limited research-based articles were identified, in particular regarding the Indonesian EFL teachers’ views on ICT integration pertaining to whether it is considered as the real solution to ELT praxis reflecting on their experiences. Thus, the present study was aimed at seeking 13 English teachers’ perception on and attitude toward the implementation of ICT integration. Descriptive qualitative design was used in which a questionnaire consisting of 12 close- and open-ended questions was employed. The data gained were analyzed and displayed descriptively. The findings indicated that even though such framework triggers positive perception, the benefits of the integration were still focused more on the technical levels, not the communicative and functional ones in students’ learning process. Second, time allocation and technical problems became the major constraints to realize such integration. With respect to English education, this study provides a grounding portrait for associated parties to revisit the formulation of ICT integration toward students’ communicative skills. Keywords: ICT integration, English language teaching, perception, attitudesINTEGRASI TIK DALAM PENGAJARAN BAHASA INGGRIS DI INDONESIA ABAD KE-21: MITOS DAN REALITAAbstrak: Meskipun dikaji dan digalakkan, artikel berbasis penelitian terbatas khususnya berkaitan dengan pandangan guru bahasa Inggris di Indonesia tentang apakah integrasi TIK betul-betul menjadi solusi dalam praksis pengajaran bahasa Inggris yang terefleksikan dalam pengalaman mereka. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi dan sikap dari 13 guru bahasa Inggris terhadap integrasi TIK dalam pembelajaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik deskriptif menggunakan kuesioner sebagai instrumen yang terdiri atas delapan pertanyaan terbuka pilihan ganda dan empat pertanyaan terbuka. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan teknik deskriptif kualitatif. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa walaupun integrasi TIK berdampak pada persepsi positif terhadap keberadaan TIK tersebut, subjek memandang bahwa manfaat integrasi tersebut masih terfokus pada tingkat teknis, bukan pada aspek komunikatif dan fungsional dalam proses belajar siswa. Kedua, alokasi waktu dan masalah teknis menjadi kendala utama untuk mengimplementasikan integrasi tersebut. Studi ini memberikan potret landasan untuk mengkaji kembali perumusan integrasi TIK untuk keterampilan komunikatif siswa, khususnya dalam pendidikan bahasa Inggris. Kata Kunci: integrasi ICT, pengajaran bahasa Inggris, persepsi, sikap \",\n \"doi\": \"10.21831/cp.v37i1.16738\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dc1c534e7f7ddaf2ef90e7dd7ed5f08aa4d2d0b4\",\n \"result_position\": 19,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 259762164,\n \"title\": \"Teachers’ perceptions of technical affordances in early visual arts education\",\n \"venue\": \"European Early Childhood Education Research Journal\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"S. Leung\",\n \"Kimburley W. Y. Choi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"ABSTRACT This study aimed at exploring kindergarten teachers’ perceptions and usage of digital devices in their classrooms. A multiple case study (n = 4) was conducted to investigate how in-service experienced (n = 22) and novice (n = 24) kindergarten teachers interpreted the functional significance of digital devices, including the needs and challenges faced when applying digital devices in visual arts activities in their classrooms. A non-randomised convenience sampling strategy was used to recruit four local kindergartens in Hong Kong, whose teachers were invited to participate in focus group interviews. In total, 540 min of interview data were collected. We examined the in-service teachers’ perceptions of the affordances of digital devices in terms of (1) transparency, (2) challenge and (3) accessibility. Based on the teachers’ responses in the interviews, the findings indicated issues related to the use of digital devices in terms of these three areas here. The informants shared how their understandings of film language limited their intentions and usage patterns (including frequency of use) with respect to digital videos. Nevertheless, they admitted that digital videos were important tools for facilitating children’s learning and communication with their parents. This study reflects the current situation of technology education in Hong Kong, including how teacher educators perceive the usage and roles of digital videos in early arts education.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/1350293X.2023.2227367\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d6496c809d142d30e5f3840ab9a442e8d96a9277\",\n \"result_position\": 20,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 274550082,\n \"title\": \"Analysis of Teacher Pedagogical Competencies Using Digital Technology in Learning\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Educational Analytics\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"H. Sakdiah\",\n \"Ratna Unaida\",\n \"Ali Akbar\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Current technological developments expect teachers to be able to integrate digital technology into the learning process to improve the effectiveness and quality of education. This study aims to analyze the use of digital technology in learning. This research method is Descriptive and Quantitative use a questionnaire as an instrument. The population of this study was professional teacher education students at Malikussaleh University who were teachers as many 400 people drawn as a random sample. The study results showed that the pedagogical competence of prospective professional teachers was in the very high category in 91.352%, as many 30.83% of respondents chose to use video media as their teaching.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.55927/jeda.v3i4.12075\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6e9283b963e5a9d03d0994ce973118d7a5eab120\",\n \"result_position\": 21,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 260102292,\n \"title\": \"Storytelling Podcast as an Alternative Learning Tool for Early Childhood Education: A TPACK-Based Reflection\",\n \"venue\": \"Al-Athfal: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ali Formen\",\n \"Edi Waluyo\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Purpose – This article reports on a project to facilitate teachers’ digital skill improvement. The context of the project itself was the past COVID-19 pandemic, which paralized the education sector, including the closure of early childhood education (ECE) centers. While remote, online learning was highly recommended to face disastrous situation such as pandemic, in practice, especially at the ECE level, online learning faces complex challenges. On the other hand, teachers were not adequately prepared for online and digital learning.\\nDesign/methods/approach – This study combined developmental and conventional descriptive methods. The participants (15 people) were teachers, with various backgrounds of work experience (2 to over 7 years), with good internet access skills. Data and information were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation; followed by descriptive analysis.\\nFindings – These teachers found that Podcasts could be an alternative and a variation of digital learning media. Making and using podcasts can also be an entry point in strengthening the integration of Technological and Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) in the ECE context.\\nResearch implications/limitations – While storytelling Podcast as ECE learning tool was used limitedly during the COVID-19 period, its uses may last beyond the pandemic time provided systematic integration of digital technology and skills associated with it into ECE sector is met. \\nPractical implications – This study implies that storytelling podcasts can be an alternative learning tool in the situation where teacher-student face-to-face interaction is less possible.\\nOriginality/value – The emergency period prevented teacher-student direct contacts. This study contributes to providing an alternative to learning in an emergency situation.\\nPaper type Research paper\",\n \"doi\": \"10.14421/al-athfal.2023.91-03\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/feecc84214ce15c4a1e41faebb1766f4f921993f\",\n \"result_position\": 22,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 261571667,\n \"title\": \"Literature Review on Pedagogical Skills, Technology, and Digitalization\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Education and Humanities\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Alif Ringga Persada\",\n \"A. Sobandi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The purpose of this study is to present an overview of the literature review related to pedagogical knowledge, technology, and digitalization. The method used in this research is qualitative research, where descriptive analysis of existing literature is carried out. The data sources used in this study are journal articles on pedagogical knowledge, technology, and digitalization, the results of which show that pedagogical knowledge plays an important role in the utilization of technology and digitalization in the classroom context. The literature review emphasized that a strong understanding of the principles of effective education and pedagogy is a necessary foundation for educators to integrate technology and digitalization into their classroom practices. With the help of pedagogical information, it enables educators to plan practical learning experiences using technological tools that are appropriate to students' needs and characteristics. In addition, literary research also shows that technology and digitalization can provide great benefits in an educational context. Appropriate use of technology can increase student engagement, encourage active and collaborative learning, and improve access to educational resources. Moreover, digitization can also change the way educators manage and assess learning. With the help of these articles, the relationship between pedagogical knowledge, technology, and digitalization in educational contexts can be further explored. The purpose of this study is to describe the literature on research on pedagogical knowledge, technology, and digitalization. The method used in this research is qualitative research, where a descriptive analysis of the literature review is conducted. Journal articles related to pedagogical knowledge, technology, and digitalization were used as data sources. The results of this study indicate that there are 24 articles that serve as literature research and can be used as references in the study of pedagogical skills, technology and digitalization\",\n \"doi\": \"10.58557/(ijeh).v3i2.160\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/17501d19f71c1a08c96865d79632dd1daac6d4e0\",\n \"result_position\": 23,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 244676460,\n \"title\": \"Do technological knowledge and game-based learning promote students achievement: lesson from Indonesia\",\n \"venue\": \"Heliyon\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Cipto Wardoyo\",\n \"Y. Satrio\",\n \"B. Narmaditya\",\n \"A. Wibowo\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Continuous managing the quality of education in the Covid-19 pandemic has been a unique challenge, and the government has acknowledged to shift from conventional to screen adopting technology. This research attempts to examine the relationship between technological understanding, game-based learning, and students' achievements. This work engaged a quantitative approach with SEM-PLS to gain a deeper understanding of the connectivity among variables. The participants were senior high school students from several places in East Java of Indonesia. The findings indicate that technological knowledge, educational competence, computer skills play an essential role in supporting technology-based learning. However, this study notes that game-based learning in distance learning cannot act as a mediator in enhancing the students’ achievement. This study offers policy-makers the use of game-based learning in the learning process during synchronous learning using technology.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08467\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0070beaaef2556d02f2793bd2204eea3f44b3eb6\",\n \"result_position\": 24,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 274312992,\n \"title\": \"Development Of Training Programs To Enhance Teachers' Digital Skills With Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK)\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Educational Technology Studies and Applied Research\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"H. Oktaviani\",\n \"Deka Dyah Utami\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The development of digital skills for teachers is important in the digital era, especially in the effective integration of technology into teaching and learning. This research focuses on the development of a training program based on Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) to enhance teachers' ability to utilize educational technology. The program was developed using the ADDIE model, which includes the stages of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation, to create relevant and adaptive training experiences. The program focuses on a development process designed to meet the diverse needs of participants and address barriers to digital training implementation in various educational contexts. The training results show that the majority of participants successfully mastered the basic TPACK competencies and demonstrated high levels of satisfaction. The program also adapts its approach based on the characteristics and needs of participants at each educational level, incorporating both online and face-to-face sessions. Despite challenges in infrastructure and accessibility, the program has been proven to significantly enhance teachers' digital skills, as evidenced by good graduation rates and positive participant perceptions of the training benefits. Therefore, this TPACK-based training can serve as an effective model in teacher professional development.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.70125/jetsar.v1i2y2024a23\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0ee401aeddfa95e988d530d28bc25741af3873d3\",\n \"result_position\": 25,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 270783598,\n \"title\": \"Exploring the Integrating Technology in ELT Curriculum\",\n \"venue\": \"ALSYSTECH Journal of Education Technology\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Rahma Wahidha\",\n \"Absharini Kardena\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The curriculum must be purposefully arranged and divided into distinct programs in order to fulfill the nation's educational goals, which have been set by the Indonesian government. A major factor in determining what should be included in an educational curriculum is technology integration inside the curriculum. It is necessary to conduct research studies that examine the extent and effectiveness of technology integration in Indonesia's English curriculum. Because of this, it's imperative that instructors look into effective ways to incorporate technology into English curricula and stay up to date on the latest technological developments that can improve language acquisition. This work's primary research methodology is research library, which comprises a careful review of relevant books, articles, and research papers. The purpose of the English curriculum and how it may be applied to improve language instruction in indonesia\",\n \"doi\": \"10.58578/alsystech.v2i3.3253\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3e476214fd7458050b20d9eb6c6c08f945723bf3\",\n \"result_position\": 26,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 270426664,\n \"title\": \"IMPLEMENTATION OF TECHNOLOGY-BASED LEARNING BY PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS DURING TEACHING PRACTICE PROGRAM\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of English Education\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Taufik Arochman\",\n \"Paulina Besty Fortinasari\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Technology integration in classroom has become an important component for pre-service teachers in Teaching Practice Program (TPP). This situation makes technology become a basic need for instructors and also the students. The objective of this study is to identify the readiness of pre-service teachers in implementing technology in teaching and learning activities in the classroom. The method used in this study was qualitative research. Participants of the study were 50 pre-service teachers in Magelang and Temanggung Regencies, Central Java, Indonesia. The data were gathered using observation, questionnaires, and interviews. The results showed that most of the pre-service teachers were ready to face the challenges of applying technology in their classroom. Most of them have recognized the applications, software, and websites that can be integrated to the teaching and learning activities such as Slides, PowerPoint, Prezi, PowToon, and Canva. Moreover, most of students are familiar with and are even accustomed to using modern and complex applications that support teachers to improve students' English language skills such as Google Classroom, WhatsApp, WebEx Cisco, Google Meet, and Zoom. However, it is still very much needed so that students can integrate these applications into effective and meaningful learning.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.24127/pj.v13i1.8988\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/585e0330185e8eeb17bff14afd3331a504172efb\",\n \"result_position\": 27,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 252133269,\n \"title\": \"Integrating the Technology in Teaching and Learning Process Through Digital Media Creation as A Way to Improve Indonesian EYL Teachers’ Competence\",\n \"venue\": \"Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Shirly Rizki Kusumaningrum\",\n \"U. Widiati\",\n \"Khairil Anwar\",\n \"Hernik Farisia\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract: Now that the spread of Covid 19 is still high and the teaching and learning process should be continued to be conducted at homes, but it seems that some teachers –in this case EYL teachers– are not ready to integrate various digital platforms. It is necessary for us to respond to the need of investigating technology readiness of English for young learners teachers in teaching during this Covid 19 pandemic. It is strongly important to reveal the teachers’ technology readiness as it plays vital role, especially during this pandemic —when the only thing that the teachers and the students can do is interacting online. Without having adequate literacy in technological thing, it is impossible to create teaching and learning process which can facilitate both the teachers and the students. Based on the result of initial survey, it could be stated that some teachers might not be ready in integrating the technology in their virtual classrooms; ending up in either providing lots of assignments or creating monotonous activities, which of course break the nature of teaching English for young learners. Hence, it is expected that by conducting this study, the researchers could assist some of the teachers to be more aware with their technology readiness, so that they could serve the students better, and the students could also learn the material more interesting and meaningful.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.17977/jptpp.v7i5.15268\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e813f092d39c22d7eed35887ea4d7dd943358240\",\n \"result_position\": 28,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 244652972,\n \"title\": \"TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATION IN AN INDONESIAN EFL WRITING CLASSROOM\",\n \"venue\": \"TEFLIN Journal\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yustinus Calvin Gai Mali\",\n \"Tom Salsbury\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The global, national, and local top-down technology-related policies and initiatives indicate the essential place of technology in education. However, little is known about classroom-based and self-reflective understandings of how the integration of technology can facilitate or distract students’ writing processes in the context of higher education in Indonesia, specifically from the eyes of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) writing lecturers in the country. In response, this qualitative study aims to delve closely into the lecturers’reflection of integrating technology to support their students in completing English language learning tasks in an EFL writing classroom. Data were gathered from three female writing lecturers. They completed four self-reflective checklists and were interviewed to clarify the checklists and their technological practices related to five stages of process writing, namely planning, drafting, editing, revising, and submitting. The analysis of the data indicated that the most successful experiences in using technology were in the planning stage. Meanwhile, technology applications in the drafting, editing, and revising phases were mainly used to submit work and provide feedback. Various technology applications used in the writing class, some issues in using the technology in the writing stages, and directions for further research are discussed.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.15639/http:/teflinjournal.v32i2/243-266\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1e9988d27ee6ab18d8a57d58e03f1254998b7953\",\n \"result_position\": 29,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 260693185,\n \"title\": \"Technology Integration in Islamic Education: Policy Framework and Adoption Challenges\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Modern Islamic Studies and Civilization\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Muh Ibnu Sholeh\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This study aims to find how the strategy for implementing technology integration in Islamic education is effective and how to overcome the challenges of adopting technology integration in Islamic education. The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative approach. Qualitative descriptive research is research that produces descriptive data in the form of written or spoken words from people and observable behavior. The type of research used in this research is literature study. Data analysis was carried out using a descriptive analysis, by looking for patterns and finding themes that emerged from the materials collected. This study was analyzed by the stages of data collection, data presentation, data condensation and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that the strategy for implementing technology integration in Islamic education is through improving technology infrastructure, training and professional development for teachers and education managers, preparing relevant digital Islamic content, and a technology-based curriculum approach. Addressing the challenges of adopting technology integration in Islamic education through increasing the accessibility of technology, developing technology training and certification programs for teachers, diversifying funding sources for technology integration, and a flexible approach to curriculum development and evaluation\",\n \"doi\": \"10.59653/jmisc.v1i02.155\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8246f6ca6a1cefa26cc1183a9efc3200733bd4b3\",\n \"result_position\": 30,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 272974680,\n \"title\": \"Mastering the TPACK framework: Innovative approaches by mathematics teachers\",\n \"venue\": \"Jurnal Elemen\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Putri\",\n \"Dadang Juandi\",\n \"Al Jupri\",\n \"Sitti Busyrah Turmudi\",\n \"Muchsin\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Integrating technological, pedagogical, and mathematical content knowledge poses an inherent challenge. Educators are tasked with achieving a harmonious equilibrium among these facets to ensure the productive utilization of technology to bolster mathematical learning endeavors. This study examines how mathematics teachers in West Sumatra use Technology, Pedagogy, and Content Knowledge (TPACK) in their classrooms. The investigation engaged a cohort of 15 teachers and 36 students, employing a qualitative descriptive methodology. Methodologically, the research adopted a survey-based approach, with data collection techniques encompassing literature reviews, interviews, and questionnaires. This study’s findings underscored teachers’ adeptness in incorporating the TPACK framework throughout the various facets of the teaching process, encompassing planning, execution, and evaluation. Educators have adeptly woven TPACK principles into the fabric of mathematics instruction, meticulously integrating technological tools across all stages of the pedagogical journey. The judicious integration of technology has yielded palpable benefits, fostering a conducive and engaging learning environment for students. Moreover, the findings of this research serve as a clarion call for further scholarly inquiry aimed at enhancing the efficacy and quality of TPACK-infused digital learning practices.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.29408/jel.v10i3.26311\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/987625375d13e13499793f0a82d7209d5dee95cb\",\n \"result_position\": 31,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 270604463,\n \"title\": \"INTEGRATING INNOVATIVE PEDAGOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES INTO EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION TRAINING PROGRAMS:\",\n \"venue\": \"Conhecimento & Diversidade\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ruslana Naida\",\n \"L. Berezovska\",\n \"Olena Bulgakova\",\n \"Nadiya Kravets\",\n \"Mariia Savchenkova\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The aim of this study is to analyze the integration of innovative pedagogical technologies into early childhood education training programs, focusing on play-based learning, project-based learning, augmented reality and virtual reality, and AI-powered tools. The comparative analysis aims to unveil the unique strengths, challenges, and opportunities associated with each approach. The study utilizes a systematic approach, drawing from diverse scientific literature, including articles, conference papers, and books. Through content analysis, the paper identifies key themes, theoretical frameworks, and implementation strategies, followed by a critical analysis of strengths and limitations. The results reveal distinctive strengths: play-based learning excels in holistic development, project-based learning in real-world skills, AR/VR in immersive experiences, and AI-powered tools in personalized learning. Challenges include guidance dependency in play-based learning, varying engagement levels in project-based learning, resource intensiveness in AR/VR, and ethical considerations in AI-powered tools. Opportunities arise in fostering creativity through play-based learning, encouraging critical thinking in project-based learning, providing realistic simulations with AR/VR, and offering adaptive learning experiences with AI-powered tools. In conclusion, the study underscores the immense potential of integrating technologies into training programs. It advocates for the establishment of national standards, comprehensive teacher training, resource facilitation, and international collaboration.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.18316/rcd.v16i41.11551\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6123764fab4bc2d86a9365bb75b9046cae036c17\",\n \"result_position\": 32,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 266638456,\n \"title\": \"Management of Education Utilizing Technology for Schools in Southeast Asia\",\n \"venue\": \"Qalamuna. Jurnal pendidikan, sosial, dan agama\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Iwan Aprianto\",\n \"Mahdayeni Mahdayeni\",\n \"Pakinah Herliani\",\n \"I. Iswanto\",\n \"Mia Angela Gelileo\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This research will examine and comprehend the function and impact of technology usage in the context of education management in Southeast Asian schools. In the rapidly evolving digital and information technology era, education in the region faces many obstacles and opportunities. This research employs a qualitative literature review methodology to comprehend how schools in Southeast Asia use and manage technology in educational contexts. Data collection requires searching for, selecting, and analyzing relevant literature based on topic accuracy, relevance, reliability, and quality standards. Data analysis entails identifying central themes, methods utilized in the literature, and pertinent findings. The findings indicate that education resource management is essential for enhancing the quality of education in Southeast Asia. Faced with obstacles such as unequal access to education, varying quality of education, and policy shifts, the efficient management and application of technology have emerged as a viable solution. The equitable distribution of educational resources such as facilities, teachers, and learning materials among schools in different regions ensures that every student has access to a quality education.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.37680/qalamuna.v15i1.4037\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c6c48fa80f93f9bcfd8524adf4aa8712f10f74e2\",\n \"result_position\": 33,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 259558911,\n \"title\": \"ISSUES AND CHALLENGES OF TECHNOLOGY USE IN INDONESIAN SCHOOLS: IMPLICATIONS FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Indonesian Education and Teaching\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yustinus Calvin Gai Mali\",\n \"Daniel Kurniawan\",\n \"J. I. Januardi\",\n \"Sanditya Jati Swara\",\n \"Natalia Christy Emy Lokollo\",\n \"Irma Amy Picauly\",\n \"Nathasa Gracia Paramitha\",\n \"Jose Argo Tanore\",\n \"Meta Sekar Dewani\",\n \"Risdy Wijaya Pakiding\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This paper mainly aims to explore issues and challenges in using technology to support teaching and learning in various schools located on three different islands in Indonesia, such as in Kalimantan, Nusa Tenggara, and Papua islands. The exploration was done through a holistic literature review of 30 national and local newspapers and online articles relevant to the aim of the study. We performed a peer-debriefing activity to present our review analysis to each other, comment on it, and made necessary revisions to our analysis to ensure the credibility of our review. While the results communicated various things, we could highlight some commonalities: unequal distribution of technology support or facilities in schools, creative ways to support teaching and learning practices regardless of the very minimum facilities that schools have, and continuous support from the Indonesian government and private sectors to improve school technology-supported facilities. We then discussed those commonalities in light of the relevant literature and their implications for teaching and learning to benefit school teachers or educational practitioners planning to teach in schools outside Java with minimal technological-related school facilities. \",\n \"doi\": \"10.24071/ijiet.v7i2.6310\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/82fa48411e17967d12b6d5b656c510ab4e350c2a\",\n \"result_position\": 34,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 226330703,\n \"title\": \"Secondary School Language Teachers’ Online Learning Engagement during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Anita Lie\",\n \"Siti Mina Tamah\",\n \"I. Gozali\",\n \"Katarina Retno Triwidayati\",\n \"Tresiana Sari Diah Utami\",\n \"Fransiskus Jemadi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The purpose of this study was to explore language teachers’ online engage-ment during the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Four questions guided the inquiry in this study: 1) To what extent did teachers engage in online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic? 2) What challenges did teachers encounter while engaging in online learning during the Covid-19 crisis? 3) How has the suspension of face-to-face classroom meetings changed teachers’ practices? and 4) What were their hopes for the future of education in their respective regions? \\nBackground The sudden learn-from-home mode enacted since 24 March 2020 due to the \\nCovid-19 pandemic has forced all schools to shift into online learning with \\nno or little preparation in terms of internet access, teacher capacity, and student-parent readiness. All in all, the pandemic disruption has shed light on \\nthe widening digital divide that has serious implications for the human capital \\ndevelopment in Indonesia \\nMethodology This case study involved 18 teachers from four regions in Indonesia. Data \\nwere collected through an online survey, weekly reflections, and interviews \\nwith the teachers. A group interview with five students for each of the 18 \\nteachers was used as triangulation. To probe more deeply into a representative sample for a variety of attributes, the researchers then focused on four \\nteachers for a more in-depth analysis. \\nContribution Knowledge of the impacting factors on online learning engagement can aid \\nin resolving the issues and providing equal opportunities for all students. \\nThis study highlighted that teachers in remote regions would need a more \\ntop-down intervention from education authorities and offered two recommendations to the government to overcome the widening digital divide as \\namplified by the current school suspension. This study presents interesting \\nresults pertaining to online learning engagement during the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Insights gained in this study would contribute to the perspective on the challenges and dilemmas faced by educators and students \\nelsewhere while engaging in online learning. \\nFindings This study found an interplay of five related factors of online learning processes against five levels of engagement. Those five factors are learners, \\nteachers’ prior exposure to online learning, technological knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, and the support system. Teachers in this study were still \\nstruggling to enhance the quality of online learning engagement. Nevertheless, given the rising awareness of the inadequacy of their online learning delivery and a renewed sense of commitment, these teachers had high hopes \\nthat they would be able to enhance their competence and improve their professional practices. \\nRecommendations \\nfor Practitioners \\nThis study found most teacher participants have, within a short period, enhanced their technological knowledge (TK) regardless of their prior exposure \\nto technology. Teachers can be encouraged to integrate their technological \\nknowledge with pedagogical and content knowledge to develop their technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) by participating in the government program for teacher professional development. \\nRecommendations \\nfor Researchers \\nThis study involves only language teachers; therefore, future researchers are \\ninvited to involve non-language teachers so that more conclusive findings \\ncan be obtained. \\nImpact on Society Knowledge of the impacting factors on online learning engagement can aid \\nin resolving the issues and providing equal opportunities for all students. \\nMore importantly, the lessons learned should enlighten educators that technology integration into sound pedagogy would transform current practices \\ninto quality learning. \\nFuture Research Issues related to technology integration in education can still be unearthed especially because the budding insights of online learning will steadily be developing in post-pandemic realm, particularly in Indonesia.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.28945/4626\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b3b382b8600720990c8dd246ee7edc2a813e49ff\",\n \"result_position\": 35,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 42674854,\n \"title\": \"What is Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK)?\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2009,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Denise Schmidt\",\n \"Evrim Baran\",\n \"Ann D. Thompson\",\n \"Punya Mishra\",\n \"Matthew J. Koehler\",\n \"T. Shin\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1177/002205741319300303\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/11b5e79c892420b2b9e7f8eb9db8d283885ba947\",\n \"result_position\": 36,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":67,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"Search for recent high-impact papers (preferably published in journals like Nature, Science, Nature Food, Nature Sustainability, PNAS, Nature Communications, etc.) focused on agricultural research. I’m particularly interested in studies related to crop yield modeling, climate-smart agriculture, remote sensing applications in farming, machine learning for agronomy, or sustainability transitions in agricultural systems. Looking for publications from the last 5–7 years that demonstrate cutting-edge methods or large-scale implications."},"query_timestamp":{"kind":"string","value":"2025-07-06T19:23:24.409144+00:00"},"thread_id":{"kind":"string","value":"0421281746562804043607975a136ddfcd7cfe0808ea88980dcf1086f245a0df"},"num_shown":{"kind":"number","value":43,"string":"43"},"num_clicked":{"kind":"number","value":1,"string":"1"},"has_clicks":{"kind":"bool","value":true,"string":"true"},"shown_papers":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"corpus_id":222305990,"title":"Using satellite imagery to understand and promote sustainable development","venue":"Science","year":2019,"authors":["M. Burke","Anne Driscoll","D. Lobell","Stefano Ermon"],"abstract":"Satellite monitoring of development Recent years have witnessed rapid growth in satellite-based approaches to quantifying aspects of land use, especially those monitoring the outcomes of sustainable development programs. Burke et al. reviewed this recent progress with a particular focus on machine-learning approaches and artificial intelligence methods. Drawing on examples mostly from Africa, they conclude that satellite-based methods enhance rather than replace ground-based data collection, and progress depends on a combined approach. Science, this issue p. eabe8628 BACKGROUND Accurate and comprehensive measurements of a range of sustainable development outcomes are fundamental inputs into both research and policy. For instance, good measures are needed to monitor progress toward sustainability goals and evaluate interventions designed to improve development outcomes. Traditional approaches to measurement of many key outcomes rely on household surveys that are conducted infrequently in many parts of the world and are often of low accuracy. The paucity of ground data stands in contrast to the rapidly growing abundance and quality of satellite imagery. Multiple public and private sensors launched in recent years provide temporal, spatial, and spectral information on changes happening on Earth’s surface. Here we review a rapidly growing scientific literature that seeks to use this satellite imagery to measure and understand various outcomes related to sustainable development. We pay particular attention to recent approaches that use methods from artificial intelligence to extract information from images, as these methods typically outperform earlier approaches and enable new insights. Our focus is on settings and applications where humans themselves, or what they produce, are the outcome of interest and on where these outcomes are being measured using satellite imagery. ADVANCES We describe and synthesize the variety of approaches that have been used to extract information from satellite imagery, with particular attention given to recent machine learning–based approaches and settings in which training data are limited or noisy. We then quantitatively assess predictive performance of these approaches in the domains of smallholder agriculture, economic livelihoods, population, and informal settlements. We show that satellite-based performance in predicting these outcomes is reasonably strong and improving. Performance improvements have come through a combination of more numerous and accurate training data, more abundant and higher-quality imagery, and creative application of advances in computer vision to satellite inputs and sustainability outcomes. Further, our analyses suggest that reported model performance likely understates true performance in many settings, given the noisy data on which predictions are evaluated and the types of noise typically observed in sustainability applications. For multiple outcomes of interest, satellite-based estimates can now equal or exceed the accuracy of traditional approaches to outcome measurement. We describe multiple methods through which the true performance of satellite-based approaches can be better understood. Integration of satellite-based sustainability measurements into research has been broad, and we describe applications in agriculture, fisheries, health, and economics. Documented uses of these measurements in public-sector decision-making are rarer, which we attribute in part to the novelty of the approaches, their lack of interpretability, and the potential benefits to some policy-makers of not having certain outcomes be measured. OUTLOOK The largest constraint to satellite-based model performance is now training data rather than imagery. While imagery has become abundant, the scarcity and frequent unreliability of ground data make both training and validation of satellite-based models difficult. Expanding the quantity and quality of such data will quickly accelerate progress in this field. Other opportunities for advancement include improvements in model interpretability, fusion of satellites with other nontraditional data that provide complementary information, and more-rigorous evaluation of satellite-based approaches (relative to available alternatives) in the context of specific use cases. Nevertheless, despite the current and future promise of satellite-based approaches, we argue that these approaches will amplify rather than replace existing ground-based data collection efforts in most settings. Many outcomes of interest will likely never be accurately estimated with satellites; for outcomes where satellites do have predictive power, high-quality local training data can nearly always improve model performance. Increasing collection of satellite imagery can help measure livelihood outcomes in areas where ground data are sparse. (Left) Interval between nationally representative economic surveys over the past three decades shows long lags in many developing countries. (Middle) Recently added public and private satellites have broken the traditional trade-off between temporal and spatial resolution. (Right) Performance in measuring the presence of informal settlements, crop yields on smallholder agricultural plots, and village-level asset wealth. R2, coefficient of determination. Accurate and comprehensive measurements of a range of sustainable development outcomes are fundamental inputs into both research and policy. We synthesize the growing literature that uses satellite imagery to understand these outcomes, with a focus on approaches that combine imagery with machine learning. We quantify the paucity of ground data on key human-related outcomes and the growing abundance and improving resolution (spatial, temporal, and spectral) of satellite imagery. We then review recent machine learning approaches to model-building in the context of scarce and noisy training data, highlighting how this noise often leads to incorrect assessment of model performance. We quantify recent model performance across multiple sustainable development domains, discuss research and policy applications, explore constraints to future progress, and highlight research directions for the field.","doi":"10.1126/science.abe8628","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/52b5a3baf789b6347e8e95d43318197e60780842","result_position":0,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":221625194,"title":"Cropland expansion in the United States produces marginal yields at high costs to wildlife","venue":"Nature Communications","year":2020,"authors":["Tyler J. Lark","S. Spawn","Matthew Bougie","H. Gibbs"],"abstract":"Recent expansion of croplands in the United States has caused widespread conversion of grasslands and other ecosystems with largely unknown consequences for agricultural production and the environment. Here we assess annual land use change 2008–16 and its impacts on crop yields and wildlife habitat. We find that croplands have expanded at a rate of over one million acres per year, and that 69.5% of new cropland areas produced yields below the national average, with a mean yield deficit of 6.5%. Observed conversion infringed upon high-quality habitat that, relative to unconverted land, had provided over three times higher milkweed stem densities in the Monarch butterfly Midwest summer breeding range and 37% more nesting opportunities per acre for waterfowl in the Prairie Pothole Region of the Northern Great Plains. Our findings demonstrate a pervasive pattern of encroachment into areas that are increasingly marginal for production, but highly significant for wildlife, and suggest that such tradeoffs may be further amplified by future cropland expansion. Conversion of natural ecosystems to cropland is a threat to most native wildlife. Here the authors quantify the impact of recent cropland expansion on the habitat of representative pollinator, bird, plant species across the conterminous United States, showing diminished crop yield returns at the cost of important habitat losses.","doi":"10.1038/s41467-020-18045-z","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f2f06034bb60d9686e003ee3d5efdcf9d71d2a18","result_position":1,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":222162179,"title":"Crop switching reduces agricultural losses from climate change in the United States by half under RCP 8.5","venue":"Nature Communications","year":2020,"authors":["J. Rising","N. Devineni"],"abstract":"A key strategy for agriculture to adapt to climate change is by switching crops and relocating crop production. We develop an approach to estimate the economic potential of crop reallocation using a Bayesian hierarchical model of yields. We apply the model to six crops in the United States, and show that it outperforms traditional empirical models under cross-validation. The fitted model parameters provide evidence of considerable existing climate adaptation across counties. If crop locations are held constant in the future, total agriculture profits for the six crops will drop by 31% for the temperature patterns of 2070 under RCP 8.5. When crop lands are reallocated to avoid yield decreases and take advantage of yield increases, half of these losses are avoided (16% loss), but 57% of counties are allocated crops different from those currently planted. Our results provide a framework for identifying crop adaptation opportunities, but suggest limits to their potential. Switching and relocating crops could be a key pathway for agricultural adaptation to climate change. Here, Rising and Devineni use data-driven Bayesian modelling to estimate the potential for crop switching to mitigate climate impacts on US crop production under a high-emission scenario, showing considerable opportunities but also limitations.","doi":"10.1038/s41467-020-18725-w","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7e7aaf8501acb2d769ff328466b1d51e2dabc550","result_position":2,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":226297490,"title":"Potential for sustainable irrigation expansion in a 3 °C warmer climate","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","year":2020,"authors":["L. Rosa","D. Chiarelli","M. Sangiorgio","A. Beltran-Peña","M. Rulli","P. D’Odorico","I. Fung"],"abstract":"Significance Climate change is expected to reshape the distribution of irrigated lands. Using climatic projections from three global climate models, we investigate global patterns of irrigation water demand and availability in 1.5 °C and 3 °C warmer climates. We find that in up to 35% of currently rain-fed croplands, irrigation could be expanded as an adaptation strategy to climate change without negative environmental externalities on freshwater resources. Irrigation expansion could reduce vulnerability to water stress and improve crop productivity to feed up to 300 million additional people using small-scale water storage and up to 1.4 billion additional people using large-scale water storage. This work contributes to identifying target regions where investments in sustainable intensification of agriculture through irrigation expansion are needed. Climate change is expected to affect crop production worldwide, particularly in rain-fed agricultural regions. It is still unknown how irrigation water needs will change in a warmer planet and where freshwater will be locally available to expand irrigation without depleting freshwater resources. Here, we identify the rain-fed cropping systems that hold the greatest potential for investment in irrigation expansion because water will likely be available to suffice irrigation water demand. Using projections of renewable water availability and irrigation water demand under warming scenarios, we identify target regions where irrigation expansion may sustain crop production under climate change. Our results also show that global rain-fed croplands hold significant potential for sustainable irrigation expansion and that different irrigation strategies have different irrigation expansion potentials. Under a 3 °C warming, we find that a soft-path irrigation expansion with small monthly water storage and deficit irrigation has the potential to expand irrigated land by 70 million hectares and feed 300 million more people globally. We also find that a hard-path irrigation expansion with large annual water storage can sustainably expand irrigation up to 350 million hectares, while producing food for 1.4 billion more people globally. By identifying where irrigation can be expanded under a warmer climate, this work may serve as a starting point for investigating socioeconomic factors of irrigation expansion and may guide future research and resources toward those agricultural communities and water management institutions that will most need to adapt to climate change.","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2017796117","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/98f7629f45a78ecc376ccd964e964cbea5e62405","result_position":3,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":222299152,"title":"A scoping review of research funding for small-scale farmers in water scarce regions","venue":"Nature Sustainability","year":2020,"authors":["V. Ricciardi","A. Wane","B. Sidhu","C. Godde","D. Solomon","E. McCullough","F. Diekmann","J. Porciello","Meha Jain","N. Randall","Z. Mehrabi"],"abstract":"Water scarcity is a global issue that disproportionately affects small-scale farmers in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Through geospatial analysis, we estimated that less than 37% of small-scale farms probably have irrigation in water scarce regions across LMICs, compared with 42% of non-small-scale farms. Through a literature synthesis assisted by machine learning, we then systematically mapped the existing research for on-farm interventions that improve the incomes or yields of small-scale farmers in water scarce regions. We mapped over 888 on-farm interventions used to combat water scarcity from 560 publications and showed a research bias towards yields rather than livelihoods. We found gaps in evidence for many commonly proposed solutions, including livestock management, digital technology and solutions to protect natural resources at the farm-level, such as buffer strips. Our findings can be used to set a funding agenda for research on the geographies that are most at risk of water scarcity and the interventions that most lack evidence. A geospatial estimate of water scarcity in middle- to low-income countries finds that less than 37% of small-scale farms have irrigation. However, there exist considerable gaps in evidence for most commonly proposed, on-farm interventions.","doi":"10.1038/s41893-020-00623-0","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/06271c34ac7ab3125e80e598f6344950ee8d649d","result_position":4,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":203986983,"title":"The impact of agricultural interventions can be doubled by using satellite data","venue":"Nature Sustainability","year":2019,"authors":["Meha Jain","Balwinder-Singh","P. Rao","A. Srivastava","S. Poonia","J. Blesh","G. Azzari","A. McDonald","D. Lobell"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1038/s41893-019-0396-x","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f63e55a459804bda1914ba01913bdd64ea01bdfa","result_position":5,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":221938118,"title":"A data-driven simulation platform to predict cultivars’ performances under uncertain weather conditions","venue":"Nature Communications","year":2020,"authors":["G. de los Campos","P. Pérez-Rodríguez","M. Bogard","D. Gouache","J. Crossa"],"abstract":"In most crops, genetic and environmental factors interact in complex ways giving rise to substantial genotype-by-environment interactions (G×E). We propose that computer simulations leveraging field trial data, DNA sequences, and historical weather records can be used to tackle the longstanding problem of predicting cultivars’ future performances under largely uncertain weather conditions. We present a computer simulation platform that uses Monte Carlo methods to integrate uncertainty about future weather conditions and model parameters. We use extensive experimental wheat yield data (n = 25,841) to learn G×E patterns and validate, using left-trial-out cross-validation, the predictive performance of the model. Subsequently, we use the fitted model to generate circa 143 million grain yield data points for 28 wheat genotypes in 16 locations in France, over 16 years of historical weather records. The phenotypes generated by the simulation platform have multiple downstream uses; we illustrate this by predicting the distribution of expected yield at 448 cultivar-location combinations and performing means-stability analyses. Predicting crop performance in environments with limited field testing is challenging. Here the authors combine field experimental, DNA sequence, and weather data to predict genotypes’ future performance. They demonstrate the potential of this approach on a large dataset of wheat grain yield.","doi":"10.1038/s41467-020-18480-y","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8dc5f2a4da3aa91a1b780dff4d6ce484b1be5f49","result_position":6,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":221307196,"title":"The global value of water in agriculture","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","year":2020,"authors":["P. D’Odorico","D. Chiarelli","L. Rosa","A. Bini","D. Zilberman","M. Rulli"],"abstract":"Significance Water’s ability to generate value in irrigated agriculture remains poorly quantified at the global scale. The valuation of irrigation water is an important piece of information not only for agribusiness investors interested in the acquisition of land and water entitlements but also for farmers and rural communities that are negotiating with such investors. To make an informed decision about the acquisition or relinquishment of water rights or about investments in irrigation infrastructure there is a need for a better understanding of the value generated by irrigation water in agriculture using methods that rely on globally available data. This study provides a high-resolution global assessment of irrigation water value as a function of crop type and geographic location. Major environmental functions and human needs critically depend on water. In regions of the world affected by water scarcity economic activities can be constrained by water availability, leading to competition both among sectors and between human uses and environmental needs. While the commodification of water remains a contentious political issue, the valuation of this natural resource is sometime viewed as a strategy to avoid water waste. Likewise, water markets have been invoked as a mechanism to allocate water to economically most efficient uses. The value of water, however, remains difficult to estimate because water markets and market prices exist only in few regions of the world. Despite numerous attempts at estimating the value of water in the absence of markets (i.e., the “shadow price”), a global spatially explicit assessment of the value of water in agriculture is still missing. Here we propose a data-parsimonious biophysical framework to determine the value generated by water in irrigated agriculture and highlight its global spatiotemporal patterns. We find that in much of the world the actual crop distribution does not maximize agricultural water value.","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2005835117","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/26032c52c97e17a673af66a572ee2660b7317a48","result_position":7,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":220840668,"title":"Wheat yield potential in controlled-environment vertical farms","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","year":2020,"authors":["S. Asseng","J. Guarin","M. Raman","O. Monje","G. Kiss","D. Despommier","F. Meggers","P. Gauthier"],"abstract":"Significance Wheat is the most important food crop worldwide, grown across millions of hectares. Wheat yields in the field are usually low and vary with weather, soil, and crop management practices. We show that yields for wheat grown in indoor vertical farms under optimized growing conditions would be several hundred times higher than yields in the field due to higher yields, several harvests per year, and vertically stacked layers. Wheat grown indoors would use less land than field-grown wheat, be independent of climate, reuse most water, exclude pests and diseases, and have no nutrient losses to the environment. However, given the high energy costs for artificial lighting and capital costs, it is unlikely to be economically competitive with current market prices. Scaling current cereal production to a growing global population will be a challenge. Wheat supplies approximately one-fifth of the calories and protein for human diets. Vertical farming is a possible promising option for increasing future wheat production. Here we show that wheat grown on a single hectare of land in a 10-layer indoor vertical facility could produce from 700 ± 40 t/ha (measured) to a maximum of 1,940 ± 230 t/ha (estimated) of grain annually under optimized temperature, intensive artificial light, high CO2 levels, and a maximum attainable harvest index. Such yields would be 220 to 600 times the current world average annual wheat yield of 3.2 t/ha. Independent of climate, season, and region, indoor wheat farming could be environmentally superior, as less land area is needed along with reuse of most water, minimal use of pesticides and herbicides, and no nutrient losses. Although it is unlikely that indoor wheat farming will be economically competitive with current market prices in the near future, it could play an essential role in hedging against future climate or other unexpected disruptions to the food system. Nevertheless, maximum production potential remains to be confirmed experimentally, and further technological innovations are needed to reduce capital and energy costs in such facilities.","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2002655117","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/12c24fd18b7378734c2e1bc2686179d3de8a2680","result_position":8,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":199110415,"title":"Importance of snow and glacier meltwater for agriculture on the Indo-Gangetic Plain","venue":"Nature Sustainability","year":2019,"authors":["H. Biemans","H. Biemans","C. Siderius","C. Siderius","A. Lutz","S. Nepal","Bashir Ahmad","T. Hassan","W. Bloh","R. Wijngaard","Philippus Wester","A. Shrestha","W. Immerzeel"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1038/s41893-019-0305-3","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/178e97f9db40f0cfd3d5d518f4a09ff38c023524","result_position":9,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":221476463,"title":"Yield reduction under climate warming varies among wheat cultivars in South Africa","venue":"Nature Communications","year":2020,"authors":["Aaron M. Shew","Jesse Tack","L. Nalley","P. Chaminuka"],"abstract":"Understanding extreme weather impacts on staple crops such as wheat is vital for creating adaptation strategies and increasing food security, especially in dryland cropping systems across Southern Africa. This study analyses heat impacts on wheat using daily weather information and a dryland wheat dataset for 71 cultivars across 17 locations in South Africa from 1998 to 2014. We estimate temperature impacts on yields in extensive regression models, finding that extreme heat drives wheat yield losses, with an additional 24 h of exposure to temperatures above 30 °C associated with a 12.5% yield reduction. Results from a uniform warming scenario of +1 °C show an average wheat yield reduction of 8.5%, which increases to 18.4% and 28.5% under +2 and +3 °C scenarios. We also find evidence of differences in heat effects across cultivars, which suggests warming impacts may be reduced through the sharing of gene pools amongst wheat breeding programs. Wheat yield is sensitive to temperature, but there could be substantial variation in this response across cultivars. Here the authors present data on the climatic responses of wheat cultivars in South Africa, highlighting which cultivars might be better able to maintain yield under warming.","doi":"10.1038/s41467-020-18317-8","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d03567c2375ea111bee31ef2613c05b72a0d8cea","result_position":10,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":67862482,"title":"State-of-the-art global models underestimate impacts from climate extremes","venue":"Nature Communications","year":2019,"authors":["J. Schewe","S. Gosling","C. Reyer","Fang Zhao","P. Ciais","J. Elliott","L. François","V. Huber","Heike K. Lotze","S. Seneviratne","M. V. van Vliet","R. Vautard","Y. Wada","L. Breuer","M. Büchner","D. Carozza","Jinfeng Chang","M. Coll","D. Deryng","A. de Wit","T. Eddy","C. Folberth","K. Frieler","A. Friend","D. Gerten","L. Gudmundsson","N. Hanasaki","A. Ito","N. Khabarov","Hyungjun Kim","P. Lawrence","C. Morfopoulos","C. Müller","Hannes Müller Schmied","R. Orth","S. Ostberg","Y. Pokhrel","T. Pugh","G. Sakurai","Y. Satoh","E. Schmid","T. Stacke","J. Steenbeek","J. Steinkamp","Q. Tang","H. Tian","D. Tittensor","J. Volkholz","Xuhui Wang","L. Warszawski"],"abstract":"Global impact models represent process-level understanding of how natural and human systems may be affected by climate change. Their projections are used in integrated assessments of climate change. Here we test, for the first time, systematically across many important systems, how well such impact models capture the impacts of extreme climate conditions. Using the 2003 European heat wave and drought as a historical analogue for comparable events in the future, we find that a majority of models underestimate the extremeness of impacts in important sectors such as agriculture, terrestrial ecosystems, and heat-related human mortality, while impacts on water resources and hydropower are overestimated in some river basins; and the spread across models is often large. This has important implications for economic assessments of climate change impacts that rely on these models. It also means that societal risks from future extreme events may be greater than previously thought. Impact models projections are used in integrated assessments of climate change. Here the authors test systematically across many important systems, how well such impact models capture the impacts of extreme climate conditions.","doi":"10.1038/s41467-019-08745-6","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f6d58af87f6896731e2a8b8198f13864d42c8e66","result_position":11,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":222299460,"title":"A scoping review on incentives for adoption of sustainable agricultural practices and their outcomes","venue":"Nature Sustainability","year":2020,"authors":["Valeria Piñeiro","J. Arias","J. Dürr","Pablo Elverdin","A. Ibáñez","A. Kinengyere","C. Opazo","N. Owoo","Jessica R. Page","S. Prager","M. Torero"],"abstract":"The increasing pressure on agricultural production systems to achieve global food security and prevent environmental degradation necessitates a transition towards more sustainable practices. The purpose of this scoping review is to understand how the incentives offered to farmers motivate the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices and, ultimately, how and whether they result in measurable outcomes. To this end, this scoping review examines the evidence of nearly 18,000 papers on whether incentive-based programmes lead to the adoption of sustainable practices and their effect on environmental, economic and productivity outcomes. We find that independent of the incentive type, programmes linked to short-term economic benefit have a higher adoption rate than those aimed solely at providing an ecological service. In the long run, one of the strongest motivations for farmers to adopt sustainable practices is perceived benefits for either their farms, the environment or both. Beyond this, the importance of technical assistance and extension services in promoting sustainable practices emerges strongly from this scoping review. Finally, we find that policy instruments are more effective if their design considers the characteristics of the target population, and the associated trade-offs between economic, environmental and social outcomes. A more sustainable agriculture is needed to address global food security and environmental degradation. This scoping review surveys the incentives for farmers to adopt sustainable practices benefiting their farms, the environment or both.","doi":"10.1038/s41893-020-00617-y","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fc9f7baad88d470d5a5a7346f8eb161a92212047","result_position":12,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":52973429,"title":"Diverging importance of drought stress for maize and winter wheat in Europe","venue":"Nature Communications","year":2018,"authors":["H. Webber","F. Ewert","J. Olesen","C. Müller","S. Fronzek","A. Ruane","M. Bourgault","P. Martre","B. Ababaei","M. Bindi","R. Ferrise","R. Finger","N. Fodor","C. Gabaldón-Leal","T. Gaiser","M. Jabloun","K. Kersebaum","J. Lizaso","I. Lorite","L. Manceau","M. Moriondo","C. Nendel","Alfredo Rodríguez","M. Ruíz-Ramos","M. Semenov","S. Siebert","T. Stella","Pierre Stratonovitch","G. Trombi","D. Wallach"],"abstract":"Understanding the drivers of yield levels under climate change is required to support adaptation planning and respond to changing production risks. This study uses an ensemble of crop models applied on a spatial grid to quantify the contributions of various climatic drivers to past yield variability in grain maize and winter wheat of European cropping systems (1984–2009) and drivers of climate change impacts to 2050. Results reveal that for the current genotypes and mix of irrigated and rainfed production, climate change would lead to yield losses for grain maize and gains for winter wheat. Across Europe, on average heat stress does not increase for either crop in rainfed systems, while drought stress intensifies for maize only. In low-yielding years, drought stress persists as the main driver of losses for both crops, with elevated CO2 offering no yield benefit in these years. Drivers of crop yield variability require quantification, and historical records can help in improving understanding. Here, Webber et al. report that drought stress will remain a key driver of yield losses in wheat and maize across Europe, and benefits from CO2 will be limited in low-yielding years.","doi":"10.1038/s41467-018-06525-2","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b553c807b2a69a385ced8fc0254c9e2d61733824","result_position":13,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":226370854,"title":"A scoping review of the contributions of farmers’ organizations to smallholder agriculture","venue":"Nature Food","year":2020,"authors":["L. Bizikova","E. Nkonya","Margitta Minah","M. Hanisch","R. Turaga","C. Speranza","M. Karthikeyan","Lixia Tang","Kate Ghezzi-Kopel","J. Kelly","A. Celestin","B. Timmers"],"abstract":"Farmers’ organizations (FOs), such as associations, cooperatives, self-help and women’s groups, are common in developing countries and provide services that are widely viewed as contributing to income and productivity for small-scale producers. Here, we conducted a scoping review of the literature on FO services and their impacts on small-scale producers in sub-Saharan Africa and India. Most reviewed studies (57%) reported positive FO impacts on farmer income, but much fewer reported positive impacts on crop yield (19%) and production quality (20%). Environmental benefits, such as resilience-building and improved water quality and quantity were documented in 24% of the studies. Our analysis indicates that having access to markets through information, infrastructure, and logistical support at the centre of FO design could help integrate FOs into policy. Natural resource management should also be more widely incorporated in the services provided by FOs to mitigate risks associated with environmental degradation and climate change. Finally, farmers who are already marginalized because of poor education, land access, social status and market accessibility may require additional support systems to improve their capacities, skills and resources before they are able to benefit from FO membership. Associations, cooperatives, women’s groups and other farmers’ organizations are generally considered beneficial to smallholders, but more evidence on their broader impact is needed. This scoping review, focused on sub-Saharan Africa and India, draws on the findings of 239 studies to elicit the contributions of farmers’ organizations to production, income, empowerment, food security and the environment.","doi":"10.1038/s43016-020-00164-x","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ac960fd9096196c5987c93c1d51bb647fc36450c","result_position":14,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":220606679,"title":"Qualitative crop condition survey reveals spatiotemporal production patterns and allows early yield prediction","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","year":2020,"authors":["S. Beguerı́a","M. Maneta"],"abstract":"Significance We show how subjective information from qualitative crop rating surveys conducted weekly by the USDA can be transformed into a continuous crop condition index that integrates meteorological, agronomic, physiological, technological, and management factors. This index allows comparison of crop conditions between years and locations and provides superior information that enhances yield forecasting models. The proposed methodology can be used to develop better agricultural drought monitoring and early warning systems that can anticipate production anomalies and inform decision making. Large-scale continuous crop monitoring systems (CMS) are key to detect and manage agricultural production anomalies. Current CMS exploit meteorological and crop growth models, and satellite imagery, but have underutilized legacy sources of information such as operational crop expert surveys with long and uninterrupted records. We argue that crop expert assessments, despite their subjective and categorical nature, capture the complexities of assessing the “status” of a crop better than any model or remote sensing retrieval. This is because crop rating data naturally encapsulates the broad expert knowledge of many individual surveyors spread throughout the country, constituting a sophisticated network of “people as sensors” that provide consistent and accurate information on crop progress. We analyze data from the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Crop Progress and Condition (CPC) survey between 1987 and 2019 for four major crops across the US, and show how to transform the original qualitative data into a continuous, probabilistic variable better suited to quantitative analysis. Although the CPC reflects the subjective perception of many surveyors at different locations, the underlying models that describe the reported crop status are statistically robust and maintain similar characteristics across different crops, exhibit long-term stability, and have nation-wide validity. We discuss the origin and interpretation of existing spatial and temporal biases in the survey data. Finally, we propose a quantitative Crop Condition Index based on the CPC survey and demonstrate how this index can be used to monitor crop status and provide earlier and more precise predictions of crop yields than official USDA forecasts released midseason.","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1917774117","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c56fb8fd8f003563ae7b2097827a07d0fee0ce05","result_position":15,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":57759053,"title":"Decline in climate resilience of European wheat","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","year":2018,"authors":["H. Kahiluoto","J. Kaseva","J. Balek","J. Olesen","M. Ruíz-Ramos","Anne Gobin","K. Kersebaum","J. Takáč","F. Ruget","R. Ferrise","P. Bezák","Gemma Capellades","C. Dibari","H. Mäkinen","C. Nendel","D. Ventrella","Alfredo Rodríguez","M. Bindi","M. Trnka"],"abstract":"Significance Food security under climate change depends on the yield performance of staple food crops. We found a decline in the climate resilience of European wheat in most countries during the last 5 to 15 y, depending on the country. The yield responses of all the cultivars to different weather events were relatively similar within northern and central Europe, within southern European countries, and specifically regarding durum wheat. We also found serious Europe-wide gaps in wheat resilience, especially regarding yield performance under abundant rain. Climate resilience is currently not receiving the attention it deserves by breeders, seed and wheat traders, and farmers. Consequently, the results provide insights into the required learning tools, economic incentives, and role of public actors. Food security relies on the resilience of staple food crops to climatic variability and extremes, but the climate resilience of European wheat is unknown. A diversity of responses to disturbance is considered a key determinant of resilience. The capacity of a sole crop genotype to perform well under climatic variability is limited; therefore, a set of cultivars with diverse responses to weather conditions critical to crop yield is required. Here, we show a decline in the response diversity of wheat in farmers’ fields in most European countries after 2002–2009 based on 101,000 cultivar yield observations. Similar responses to weather were identified in cultivar trials among central European countries and southern European countries. A response diversity hotspot appeared in the trials in Slovakia, while response diversity “deserts” were identified in Czechia and Germany and for durum wheat in southern Europe. Positive responses to abundant precipitation were lacking. This assessment suggests that current breeding programs and cultivar selection practices do not sufficiently prepare for climatic uncertainty and variability. Consequently, the demand for climate resilience of staple food crops such as wheat must be better articulated. Assessments and communication of response diversity enable collective learning across supply chains. Increased awareness could foster governance of resilience through research and breeding programs, incentives, and regulation.","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1804387115","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1968fb2d658d8a28927f2aae21114eec5dc34cc1","result_position":16,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":53222871,"title":"Peculiarly pleasant weather for US maize","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","year":2018,"authors":["E. Butler","N. Mueller","P. Huybers"],"abstract":"Significance Over the course of the 20th century, US maize yields have improved by more than a factor of five. Whereas this trend is often attributed exclusively to technological improvements, here, we also identify contributions from improved temperatures during the growing season. More than one-quarter of the increase in crop yield since 1981 is estimated to result from trends toward overall warmer conditions, but with cooling of the hottest growing-season temperatures, and from adjustments in crop timing toward earlier planting and longer maturation varieties. Continuation of historical trends in crop yield are critical to meeting the demands of a growing and more affluent world population. Climate change may compromise our ability to meet these demands, but estimates vary widely, highlighting the importance of understanding historical interactions between yield and climate trends. The relationship between temperature and yield is nuanced, involving differential yield outcomes to warm (9−29 °C) and hot (>29 °C) temperatures and differing sensitivity across growth phases. Here, we use a crop model that resolves temperature responses according to magnitude and growth phase to show that US maize has benefited from weather shifts since 1981. Improvements are related to lengthening of the growing season and cooling of the hottest temperatures. Furthermore, current farmer cropping schedules are more beneficial in the climate of the last decade than they would have been in earlier decades, indicating statistically significant adaptation to a changing climate of 13 kg·ha−1· decade−1. All together, the better weather experienced by US maize accounts for 28% of the yield trends since 1981. Sustaining positive trends in yield depends on whether improvements in agricultural climate continue and the degree to which farmers adapt to future climates.","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1808035115","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f5db2acab6c1f01fdbfd463d23e92a68a98265bd","result_position":17,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":221637925,"title":"Using insurance data to quantify the multidimensional impacts of warming temperatures on yield risk","venue":"Nature Communications","year":2020,"authors":["Edward D. Perry","Jisang Yu","Jesse Tack"],"abstract":"Previous research predicts significant negative yield impacts from warming temperatures, but estimating the effects on yield risk and disentangling the relative causes of these losses remains challenging. Here we present new evidence on these issues by leveraging a unique publicly available dataset consisting of roughly 30,000 county-by-year observations on insurance-based measures of yield risk from 1989–2014 for U.S. corn and soybeans. Our results suggest that yield risk will increase in response to warmer temperatures, with a 1 °C increase associated with yield risk increases of approximately 32% and 11% for corn and soybeans, respectively. Using cause of loss information, we also find that additional losses under warming temperatures primarily result from additional reported occurrences of drought, with reported losses due to heat stress playing a smaller role. An implication of our findings is that the cost of purchasing crop insurance will increase for producers as a result of warming temperatures. The impacts of climate change on agricultural productivity remain debated. Here, the authors present new evidence for the magnitude and causes of U.S. crop insurance losses, using a database of production risk from 1989–2014 across 1733 counties for corn and 1632 counties for soybeans, and find that crop production risk will increase in response to warmer temperatures.","doi":"10.1038/s41467-020-17707-2","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8ee431da5a0e0f029ae2a677b1bdeb754f4e84c3","result_position":18,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":4392772,"title":"Two-thirds of global cropland area impacted by climate oscillations","venue":"Nature Communications","year":2018,"authors":["M. Heino","M. Puma","P. Ward","D. Gerten","V. Heck","S. Siebert","M. Kummu"],"abstract":"The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) peaked strongly during the boreal winter 2015–2016, leading to food insecurity in many parts of Africa, Asia and Latin America. Besides ENSO, the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) are known to impact crop yields worldwide. Here we assess for the first time in a unified framework the relationships between ENSO, IOD and NAO and simulated crop productivity at the sub-country scale. Our findings reveal that during 1961–2010, crop productivity is significantly influenced by at least one large-scale climate oscillation in two-thirds of global cropland area. Besides observing new possible links, especially for NAO in Africa and the Middle East, our analyses confirm several known relationships between crop productivity and these oscillations. Our results improve the understanding of climatological crop productivity drivers, which is essential for enhancing food security in many of the most vulnerable places on the planet. Climate oscillations such as El Niño Southern Oscillation may impact global crop production. Here, the authors, using a unified framework of multiple climate oscillations, find that from 1961 to 2010 over two-thirds of the global cropland is located where crop productivity is influenced by climate oscillations.","doi":"10.1038/s41467-017-02071-5","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f1886d0d4d4591b7ba40ef075d59d12c76d2a4bc","result_position":19,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":220431514,"title":"Water rights shape crop yield and revenue volatility tradeoffs for adaptation in snow dependent systems","venue":"Nature Communications","year":2020,"authors":["K. Malek","P. Reed","J. Adam","T. Karimi","M. Brady"],"abstract":"Irrigated agriculture in snow-dependent regions contributes significantly to global food production. This study quantifies the impacts of climate change on irrigated agriculture in the snow-dependent Yakima River Basin (YRB) in the Pacific Northwest United States. Here we show that increasingly severe droughts and temperature driven reductions in growing season significantly reduces expected annual agricultural productivity. The overall reduction in mean annual productivity also dampens interannual yield variability, limiting yield-driven revenue fluctuations. Our findings show that farmers who adapt to climate change by planting improved crop varieties may potentially increase their expected mean annaul productivity in an altered climate, but remain strongly vulnerable to irrigation water shortages that substantially increase interannual yield variability (i.e., increasing revenue volatility). Our results underscore the importance for crop adaptation strategies to simultaneously capture the biophysical effects of warming as well as the institutional controls on water availability. Studies on examining the climate impact on irrigated agriculture do not account for regional specific details. Here the authors studied both the direct and indirect impact of climate change on irrigated agriculture in the Yakima River Basin (YRB) and found that increasingly severe droughts and temperature driven reductions in growing season significantly reduces expected annual agricultural productivity.","doi":"10.1038/s41467-020-17219-z","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/48e29dae99421e0e5b4f198e16c112adcaf78053","result_position":20,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":256633826,"title":"Water rights shape crop yield and revenue volatility tradeoffs for adaptation in snow dependent systems","venue":"Nature Communications","year":2020,"authors":["K. Malek","Patricia Reed","J. Adam","T. Karimi","M. Brady"],"abstract":"Irrigated agriculture in snow-dependent regions contributes significantly to global food production. This study quantifies the impacts of climate change on irrigated agriculture in the snow-dependent Yakima River Basin (YRB) in the Pacific Northwest United States. Here we show that increasingly severe droughts and temperature driven reductions in growing season significantly reduces expected annual agricultural productivity. The overall reduction in mean annual productivity also dampens interannual yield variability, limiting yield-driven revenue fluctuations. Our findings show that farmers who adapt to climate change by planting improved crop varieties may potentially increase their expected mean annaul productivity in an altered climate, but remain strongly vulnerable to irrigation water shortages that substantially increase interannual yield variability (i.e., increasing revenue volatility). Our results underscore the importance for crop adaptation strategies to simultaneously capture the biophysical effects of warming as well as the institutional controls on water availability. Studies on examining the climate impact on irrigated agriculture do not account for regional specific details. Here the authors studied both the direct and indirect impact of climate change on irrigated agriculture in the Yakima River Basin (YRB) and found that increasingly severe droughts and temperature driven reductions in growing season significantly reduces expected annual agricultural productivity.","doi":"10.1038/s41467-020-17219-z","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/586929f2433dedec35b0b36a0c433e13cad31293","result_position":21,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":195739189,"title":"Global impacts of future cropland expansion and intensification on agricultural markets and biodiversity","venue":"Nature Communications","year":2019,"authors":["F. Zabel","R. Delzeit","J. Schneider","R. Seppelt","W. Mauser","T. Václavík"],"abstract":"With rising demand for biomass, cropland expansion and intensification represent the main strategies to boost agricultural production, but are also major drivers of biodiversity decline. We investigate the consequences of attaining equal global production gains by 2030, either by cropland expansion or intensification, and analyse their impacts on agricultural markets and biodiversity. We find that both scenarios lead to lower crop prices across the world, even in regions where production decreases. Cropland expansion mostly affects biodiversity hotspots in Central and South America, while cropland intensification threatens biodiversity especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, India and China. Our results suggest that production gains will occur at the costs of biodiversity predominantly in developing tropical regions, while Europe and North America benefit from lower world market prices without putting their own biodiversity at risk. By identifying hotspots of potential future conflicts, we demonstrate where conservation prioritization is needed to balance agricultural production with conservation goals. The increase in needs for agricultural commodities is projected to outpace the growth of farmland production globally, leading to high pressure on farming systems in the next decades. Here, the authors investigate the future impact of cropland expansion and intensification on agricultural markets and biodiversity, and suggest the need for balancing agricultural production with conservation goals.","doi":"10.1038/s41467-019-10775-z","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/73e51fa3a24484b97d618b147e3406aedc0b7d51","result_position":22,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":234359855,"title":"Agricultural subsidies and global greenhouse gas emissions","venue":"Nature Communications","year":2020,"authors":["D. Laborde","A. Mamun","W. Martin","Valeria Piñeiro","R. Vos"],"abstract":"Agricultural production is strongly affected by and a major contributor to climate change. Agriculture and land-use change account for a quarter of total global emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG). Agriculture receives around US$600 billion per year worldwide in government support. No rigorous quantification of the impact of this support on GHG emissions has been available. This article helps fill the void. Here, we find that, while over the years the government support has incentivized the development of high-emission farming systems, at present, the support only has a small impact in terms of inducing additional global GHG emissions from agricultural production; partly because support is not systematically biased towards high-emission products, and partly because support generated by trade protection reduces demand for some high-emission products by raising their consumer prices. Substantially reducing GHG emissions from agriculture while safeguarding food security requires a more comprehensive revamping of existing support to agriculture and food consumption. Agricultural sectors receive US$600 billion per year in government support, providing incentives for GHG emission-intensive production. Here, the authors show that removing this support will not reduce global GHG emissions by much; rather it will need to be radically redirected to contribute to climate change mitigation.","doi":"10.1038/s41467-021-22703-1","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/edf6f0c30229c305289852b8b8c18af6c76b90df","result_position":23,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":221402839,"title":"Societal benefits of halving agricultural ammonia emissions in China far exceed the abatement costs","venue":"Nature Communications","year":2020,"authors":["Xiuming Zhang","Baojing Gu","Hans J. M. van Grinsven","S. Lam","Xia Liang","M. Bai","Deli Chen"],"abstract":"Mitigating agricultural ammonia (NH3) emissions in China is urgently needed to avoid further damage to human and ecosystem health. Effective and feasible mitigation strategies hinge on integrated knowledge of the mitigation potential of NH3 emissions and the associated economic costs and societal benefits. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of marginal abatement costs and societal benefits for NH3 mitigation in China. The technical mitigation potential of agricultural NH3 emissions is 38–67% (4.0–7.1 Tg N) with implementation costs estimated at US$ 6–11 billion. These costs are much lower than estimates of the overall societal benefits at US$ 18–42 billion. Avoiding unnecessary fertilizer use and protein-rich animal feed could provide 30% of this mitigation potential without additional abatement costs or decreases in agricultural productivity. Optimizing human diets with less animal-derived products offers further potential for NH3 reduction of 12% by 2050. Global largest agricultural ammonia (NH3) emissions in China have caused severe damage to both ecosystem and human health, yet no policy is formulated to reduce NH3 emissions. Here, the authors show that halving agricultural NH3 emissions with feasible technical mitigation options in China generates far more societal benefits than abatement costs.","doi":"10.1038/s41467-020-18196-z","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5c9b1e02fcbfbec293407bbe2bcccf57fc149b2b","result_position":24,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":49303605,"title":"Policy distortions, farm size, and the overuse of agricultural chemicals in China","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","year":2018,"authors":["Yiyun Wu","Xican Xi","Xin Tang","D. Luo","Baojing Gu","S. Lam","P. Vitousek","Deli Chen"],"abstract":"Significance Overuse of agricultural chemicals has resulted in enormous damages to environmental quality and human health in China. Reducing the use of agricultural chemicals to an optimal level is a crucial challenge for the sustainable development of agriculture. We demonstrate that small farm size (in China, typically ∼0.1 ha for each parcel) is strongly related to overuse of agricultural chemicals. Farm size increases with economic development in many other countries, but this is not observed in China due to national policies. Increasing farm size by removing policy distortions would substantially decrease both the use of agricultural chemicals and their environmental impact, while increasing rural income in China. Understanding the reasons for overuse of agricultural chemicals is critical to the sustainable development of Chinese agriculture. Using a nationally representative rural household survey from China, we found that farm size is a strong factor that affects the use intensity of agricultural chemicals across farms in China. Statistically, a 1% increase in farm size is associated with a 0.3% and 0.5% decrease in fertilizer and pesticide use per hectare (P < 0.001), respectively, and an almost 1% increase in agricultural labor productivity, while it only leads to a statistically insignificant 0.02% decrease in crop yields. The same pattern was also found using other independently collected data sources from China and an international panel analysis of 74 countries from the 1960s to the 2000s. While economic growth has been associated with increasing farm size in many other countries, in China this relationship has been distorted by land and migration policies, leading to the persistence of small farm size in China. Removing these distortions would decrease agricultural chemical use by 30–50% and the environmental impact of those chemicals by 50% while doubling the total income of all farmers including those who move to urban areas. Removing policy distortions is also likely to complement other remedies to the overuse problem, such as easing farmer’s access to modern technologies and knowledge, and improving environmental regulation and enforcement.","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1806645115","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c0ce44f1ce7ad4abd454151b0f9f46be176bc7a2","result_position":25,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":58654296,"title":"Socioecologically informed use of remote sensing data to predict rural household poverty","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","year":2019,"authors":["Gary R. Watmough","C. Marcinko","Clare C. Sullivan","Kevin Tschirhart","P. Mutuo","C. Palm","Jens‐Christian Svenning"],"abstract":"Significance Understanding relationships between poverty and environment is crucial for sustainable development and ecological conservation. Annual monitoring of socioeconomic changes using household surveys is prohibitively expensive. Here, we demonstrate that satellite data predicted the poorest households in a landscape in Kenya with 62% accuracy. A multilevel socioecological treatment of satellite data accounting for the complex ways in which households interact with the environment provided better prediction than the standard single-buffer approach. The increasing availability of high-resolution satellite data and volunteered geographic data means this method could be modified and upscaled in the future to help monitor the sustainable development goals. Tracking the progress of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and targeting interventions requires frequent, up-to-date data on social, economic, and ecosystem conditions. Monitoring socioeconomic targets using household survey data would require census enumeration combined with annual sample surveys on consumption and socioeconomic trends. Such surveys could cost up to $253 billion globally during the lifetime of the SDGs, almost double the global development assistance budget for 2013. We examine the role that satellite data could have in monitoring progress toward reducing poverty in rural areas by asking two questions: (i) Can household wealth be predicted from satellite data? (ii) Can a socioecologically informed multilevel treatment of the satellite data increase the ability to explain variance in household wealth? We found that satellite data explained up to 62% of the variation in household level wealth in a rural area of western Kenya when using a multilevel approach. This was a 10% increase compared with previously used single-level methods, which do not consider details of spatial landscape use. The size of buildings within a family compound (homestead), amount of bare agricultural land surrounding a homestead, amount of bare ground inside the homestead, and the length of growing season were important predictor variables. Our results show that a multilevel approach linking satellite and household data allows improved mapping of homestead characteristics, local land uses, and agricultural productivity, illustrating that satellite data can support the data revolution required for monitoring SDGs, especially those related to poverty and leaving no one behind.","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1812969116","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/477836a4a0823af7711e0d7ca8cada95d727e2a9","result_position":26,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":57761488,"title":"Small-scale urban agriculture results in high yields but requires judicious management of inputs to achieve sustainability","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","year":2018,"authors":["Robert McDougall","P. Kristiansen","Romina Rader"],"abstract":"Significance Growing food in cities for human consumption could be one means of increasing global food supply in the face of rising population growth and global food security concerns. While previous studies have shown that urban agricultural systems are productive, few studies provide yield figures that incorporate data on the inputs used to achieve the outputs. Across 13 urban community gardens, we show that yields were nearly twice the yield of typical Australian commercial vegetable farms. However, economic and emergy (embodied energy) analyses indicated they were relatively inefficient in their use of material and labor resources. Balancing the sustainability of urban food production with the cost of inputs is important to determine the trade-offs required to achieve high yields. A major challenge of the 21st century is to produce more food for a growing population without increasing humanity’s agricultural footprint. Urban food production may help to solve this challenge; however, little research has examined the productivity of urban farming systems. We investigated inputs and produce yields over a 1-y period in 13 small-scale organic farms and gardens in Sydney, Australia. We found mean yields to be 5.94 kg⋅m−2, around twice the yield of typical Australian commercial vegetable farms. While these systems used land efficiently, economic and emergy (embodied energy) analyses showed they were relatively inefficient in their use of material and labor resources. Benefit-to-cost ratios demonstrated that, on average, the gardens ran at a financial loss and emergy transformity was one to three orders of magnitude greater than many conventional rural farms. Only 14.66% of all inputs were considered “renewable,” resulting in a moderate mean environmental loading ratio (ELR) of 5.82, a value within the range of many conventional farming systems. However, when all nonrenewable inputs capable of being substituted with local renewable inputs were replaced in a hypothetical scenario, the ELR improved markedly to 1.32. These results show that urban agriculture can be highly productive; however, this productivity comes with many trade-offs, and care must be taken to ensure its sustainability.","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1809707115","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/19c963978b1813b1cc140886945bc901f36b9cae","result_position":27,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":221305830,"title":"Land use and climate change impacts on global soil erosion by water (2015-2070)","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","year":2020,"authors":["P. Borrelli","D. Robinson","P. Panagos","E. Lugato","Jae-E. Yang","C. Alewell","David Wuepper","L. Montanarella","C. Ballabio"],"abstract":"Significance We use the latest projections of climate and land use change to assess potential global soil erosion rates by water to address policy questions; working toward the goals of the United Nations working groups under the Inter-Governmental Technical Panel on Soils of the Global Soil Partnership. This effort will enable policy makers to explore erosion extent, identify possible hotspots, and work with stakeholders to mitigate impacts. In addition, we provide insight into the potential mitigating effects attributable to conservation agriculture and the need for more effective policy instruments for soil protection. Scientifically, the modeling framework presented adopts a series of methodological advances and standardized data to communicate with adjacent disciplines and move toward robust, reproducible, and open data science. Soil erosion is a major global soil degradation threat to land, freshwater, and oceans. Wind and water are the major drivers, with water erosion over land being the focus of this work; excluding gullying and river bank erosion. Improving knowledge of the probable future rates of soil erosion, accelerated by human activity, is important both for policy makers engaged in land use decision-making and for earth-system modelers seeking to reduce uncertainty on global predictions. Here we predict future rates of erosion by modeling change in potential global soil erosion by water using three alternative (2.6, 4.5, and 8.5) Shared Socioeconomic Pathway and Representative Concentration Pathway (SSP-RCP) scenarios. Global predictions rely on a high spatial resolution Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE)-based semiempirical modeling approach (GloSEM). The baseline model (2015) predicts global potential soil erosion rates of 43−7+9.2 Pg yr−1, with current conservation agriculture (CA) practices estimated to reduce this by ∼5%. Our future scenarios suggest that socioeconomic developments impacting land use will either decrease (SSP1-RCP2.6–10%) or increase (SSP2-RCP4.5 +2%, SSP5-RCP8.5 +10%) water erosion by 2070. Climate projections, for all global dynamics scenarios, indicate a trend, moving toward a more vigorous hydrological cycle, which could increase global water erosion (+30 to +66%). Accepting some degrees of uncertainty, our findings provide insights into how possible future socioeconomic development will affect soil erosion by water using a globally consistent approach. This preliminary evidence seeks to inform efforts such as those of the United Nations to assess global soil erosion and inform decision makers developing national strategies for soil conservation.","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2001403117","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f3825704a563a3a7b2dcabe4835b1f95992e77bb","result_position":28,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":212421440,"title":"Climate adaptation by crop migration","venue":"Nature Communications","year":2020,"authors":["Lindsey L. Sloat","Steven J. Davis","J. Gerber","F. Moore","D. Ray","P. West","N. Mueller"],"abstract":"Many studies have estimated the adverse effects of climate change on crop yields, however, this literature almost universally assumes a constant geographic distribution of crops in the future. Movement of growing areas to limit exposure to adverse climate conditions has been discussed as a theoretical adaptive response but has not previously been quantified or demonstrated at a global scale. Here, we assess how changes in rainfed crop area have already mediated growing season temperature trends for rainfed maize, wheat, rice, and soybean using spatially-explicit climate and crop area data from 1973 to 2012. Our results suggest that the most damaging impacts of warming on rainfed maize, wheat, and rice have been substantially moderated by the migration of these crops over time and the expansion of irrigation. However, continued migration may incur substantial environmental costs and will depend on socio-economic and political factors in addition to land suitability and climate. Extreme high temperature events are increasing in frequency and severity, threatening the capacity for crops and farmers alike to adapt. Here Sloat and colleagues track the movement of cereal crops over the past 40 years, finding a global migration away from warming climates.","doi":"10.1038/s41467-020-15076-4","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/910c5a583d7620d6dd46c08430a834200c1b26e1","result_position":29,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":227039866,"title":"Impacts of irrigated agriculture on food–energy–water–CO2 nexus across metacoupled systems","venue":"Nature Communications","year":2020,"authors":["Zhenci Xu","Xiuzhi Chen","Jianguo Liu","Yu Zhang","Sophia N. Chau","N. Bhattarai","Y. Wang","Yingjie Li","T. Connor","Yunkai Li"],"abstract":"Irrigated agriculture has important implications for achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. However, there is a lack of systematic and quantitative analyses of its impacts on food–energy–water–CO2 nexus. Here we studied impacts of irrigated agriculture on food–energy–water–CO2 nexus across food sending systems (the North China Plain (NCP)), food receiving systems (the rest of China) and spillover systems (Hubei Province, affected by interactions between sending and receiving systems), using life cycle assessment, model scenarios, and the framework of metacoupling (socioeconomic-environmental interactions within and across borders). Results indicated that food supply from the NCP promoted food sustainability in the rest of China, but the NCP consumed over four times more water than its total annual renewable water, with large variations in food–energy–water–CO2 nexus across counties. Although Hubei Province was seldom directly involved in the food trade, it experienced substantial losses in water and land due to the construction of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project which aims to alleviate water shortages in the NCP. This study suggests the need to understand impacts of agriculture on food–energy–water–CO2 nexus in other parts of the world to achieve global sustainability. Local human activities can lead to cross-border environmental impacts through the food–energy–water–CO2 nexus. Here, the authors report wide variations in environmental impacts of irrigated agriculture across counties within the North China Plain under different environmental and socioeconomic scenarios.","doi":"10.1038/s41467-020-19520-3","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/54ae502873dcb890335beff6889b48bddc7eba69","result_position":30,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":155101550,"title":"Key determinants of global land-use projections","venue":"Nature Communications","year":2019,"authors":["E. Stehfest","Willem-Jan van Zeist","H. Valin","P. Havlík","A. Popp","P. Kyle","A. Tabeau","D. Mason-D’Croz","T. Hasegawa","B. Bodirsky","K. Calvin","J. Doelman","S. Fujimori","Florian Humpenöder","H. Lotze-Campen","H. van Meijl","K. Wiebe"],"abstract":"Land use is at the core of various sustainable development goals. Long-term climate foresight studies have structured their recent analyses around five socio-economic pathways (SSPs), with consistent storylines of future macroeconomic and societal developments; however, model quantification of these scenarios shows substantial heterogeneity in land-use projections. Here we build on a recently developed sensitivity approach to identify how future land use depends on six distinct socio-economic drivers (population, wealth, consumption preferences, agricultural productivity, land-use regulation, and trade) and their interactions. Spread across models arises mostly from diverging sensitivities to long-term drivers and from various representations of land-use regulation and trade, calling for reconciliation efforts and more empirical research. Most influential determinants for future cropland and pasture extent are population and agricultural efficiency. Furthermore, land-use regulation and consumption changes can play a key role in reducing both land use and food-security risks, and need to be central elements in sustainable development strategies. There lacks model comparison of global land use change projections. Here the authors explored how different long-term drivers determine land use and food availability projections and they showed that the key determinants population growth and improvements in agricultural efficiency.","doi":"10.1038/s41467-019-09945-w","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/279cb19df71d1276f50209616854ce3841a75f86","result_position":31,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":222299390,"title":"A scoping review of interventions for crop postharvest loss reduction in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia","venue":"Nature Sustainability","year":2020,"authors":["T. Stathers","D. Holcroft","L. Kitinoja","B. Mvumi","A. English","O. Omotilewa","Megan Kocher","Jessica Ault","M. Torero"],"abstract":"Reducing postharvest losses (PHLs) of food crops is a critical component of sustainably increasing agricultural productivity. Many PHL reduction interventions have been tested, but synthesized information to support evidence-based investments and policy is scarce. In this study, PHL reduction interventions for 22 crops across 57 countries in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia from the 1970s to 2019 were systematically reviewed. Screening of the 12,907 studies identified resulted in a collection of 334 studies, which were used to synthesize the evidence and construct an online open-access database, searchable by crop, country, postharvest activity and intervention type. Storage technology interventions mainly targeting farmers dominated (83% of the studies). Maize was the most studied crop (25%). India had the most studies (32%), while 25 countries had no studies. This analysis indicates an urgent need for a systematic assessment of interventions across the entire value chain over multiple seasons and sites, targeting stakeholders beyond farmers. The lack of studies on training, finance, infrastructure, policy and market interventions highlights the need for interventions beyond technologies or handling practice changes. Additionally, more studies are needed connecting the impact of PHL reductions to social, economic and environmental outcomes related to Sustainable Development Goals. This analysis provides decision makers with data for informed policy formulation and prioritization of investments in PHL reduction. Reducing postharvest crop losses is vital to sustainably increase agricultural productivity. This analysis reveals a need for systematic assessment of postharvest loss reduction interventions across the value chain, targeting stakeholders beyond farmers, and for a more diverse range of food crops, to shape future policy decisions.","doi":"10.1038/s41893-020-00622-1","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/75fc66be6d0b37712da6ae0a36ec79f34d479a13","result_position":32,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":58950641,"title":"Voluntary sustainability standards could significantly reduce detrimental impacts of global agriculture","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","year":2019,"authors":["William Smith","E. Nelson","Justin A. Johnson","Stephen Polasky","J. Milder","James S Gerber","Paul C. West","S. Siebert","K. Brauman","Kimberly M. Carlson","M. Arbuthnot","J. Rozza","D. Pennington","D. Pennington"],"abstract":"Significance Voluntary sustainability standards (VSS) may be an effective way to reduce the negative impacts of agriculture at regional to global scales. Here, we present an approach that highlights the potential of VSS to reduce some of the negative externalities associated with agriculture production. To illustrate this potential, we show that VSS could reduce the global environmental impacts from growing sugarcane. Further, most of this environmental benefit comes from targeting just 10% of production area. To realize these environmental gains, incentives for VSS adoption need to be sufficient to cover the costs of criteria compliance. Determining these costs and public and private-sector mechanisms for efficiently transferring VSS-adoption subsidies to farmers and millers are key future research needs. Voluntary sustainability standards (VSS) are stakeholder-derived principles with measurable and enforceable criteria to promote sustainable production outcomes. While institutional commitments to use VSS to meet sustainable procurement policies have grown rapidly over the past decade, we still have relatively little understanding of the (i) direct environmental benefits of large-scale VSS adoption; (ii) potential perverse indirect impacts of adoption; and (iii) implementation pathways. Here, we illustrate and address these knowledge gaps using an ecosystem service modeling and scenario analysis of Bonsucro, the leading VSS for sugarcane. We find that global compliance with the Bonsucro environmental standards would reduce current sugarcane production area (−24%), net tonnage (−11%), irrigation water use (−65%), nutrient loading (−34%), and greenhouse gas emissions from cultivation (−51%). Under a scenario of doubled global sugarcane production, Bonsucro adoption would further limit water use and greenhouse gas emissions by preventing sugarcane expansion into water-stressed and high-carbon stock ecosystems. This outcome was achieved via expansion largely on existing agricultural lands. However, displacement of other crops could drive detrimental impacts from indirect land use. We find that over half of the potential direct environmental benefits of Bonsucro standards under the doubling scenario could be achieved by targeting adoption in just 10% of global sugarcane production areas. However, designing policy that generates the most environmentally beneficial Bonsucro adoption pathway requires a better understanding of the economic and social costs of VSS adoption. Finally, we suggest research directions to advance sustainable consumption and production.","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1707812116","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3cd211025ea8a225a2c6be437e9458969e1d5858","result_position":33,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":51908326,"title":"Crop pests and predators exhibit inconsistent responses to surrounding landscape composition","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","year":2018,"authors":["D. Karp","R. Chaplin‐Kramer","T. Meehan","Emily A. Martin","F. DeClerck","H. Grab","C. Gratton","Lauren Hunt","A. Larsen","A. Martínez-Salinas","M. O'Rourke","A. Rusch","K. Poveda","M. Jonsson","J. Rosenheim","N. Schellhorn","T. Tscharntke","S. Wratten","Wei Zhang","Aaron L. Iverson","L. S. Adler","M. Albrecht","A. Alignier","G. Angelella","Muhammad Zubair Anjum","J. Avelino","P. Batáry","J. M. Baveco","F. Bianchi","K. Birkhofer","E. Bohnenblust","R. Bommarco","M. Brewer","B. Caballero‐López","Y. Carrière","L. Carvalheiro","L. Cayuela","Mary Centrella","A. Ćetković","D. Henri","Ariane Chabert","A. Costamagna","A. de la Mora","J. de Kraker","N. Desneux","E. Diehl","T. Diekötter","C. Dormann","James O. Eckberg","M. Entling","D. Fiedler","P. Franck","F. J. Frank van Veen","T. Frank","V. Gagic","M. Garratt","A. Getachew","D. Gonthier","P. Goodell","Ignazio Graziosi","R. Groves","G. Gurr","Zachary Hajian‐Forooshani","G. Heimpel","J. Herrmann","A. Huseth","Diego J. Inclán","A. Ingrao","P. Iv","K. Jacot","G. Johnson","Laura Jones","Marina Kaiser","J. M. Kaser","T. Keasar","Tania N. Kim","Miriam Kishinevsky","D. Landis","B. Lavandero","C. Lavigne","A. Le Ralec","D. Lemessa","D. Letourneau","H. Liere","Yanhui Lu","Y. Lubin","T. Luttermoser","B. Maas","Kevi Mace","F. Madeira","V. Mader","A. Cortesero","L. Marini","Eliana Martinez","Holly Martinson","P. Menozzi","M. Mitchell","T. Miyashita","Gonzalo A. R. Molina","M. Molina‐Montenegro","M. O'Neal","Itai Opatovsky","S. Ortiz-Martinez","Michael Nash","Ö. Östman","A. Ouin","D. Pak","D. Paredes","Soroush Parsa","Hazel R. Parry","R. Perez-Alvarez","D. Perović","J. Peterson","S. Petit","S. Philpott","M. Plantegenest","M. Plecas","Therese Pluess","X. Pons","S. Potts","R. Pywell","D. Ragsdale","T. Rand","L. Raymond","B. Ricci","Chris Sargent","J. Sarthou","Julia Saulais","Jessica Schäckermann","N. Schmidt","Gudrun Schneider","Christof Schüepp","Frances S. Sivakoff","Henrik G. Smith","Kaitlin Stack Whitney","S. Stutz","Z. Szendrei","M. Takada","Hisatomo Taki","Giovanni Tamburini","L. Thomson","Y. Tricault","Noelline Tsafack","Matthias Tschumi","M. Valantin-Morison","Mai Van Trinh","W. van der Werf","K. Vierling","B. Werling","Jennifer B. Wickens","Victoria J. Wickens","B. Woodcock","K. Wyckhuys","Haijun Xiao","Mika Yasuda","A. Yoshioka","Y. Zou"],"abstract":"Significance Decades of research have fostered the now-prevalent assumption that noncrop habitat facilitates better pest suppression by providing shelter and food resources to the predators and parasitoids of crop pests. Based on our analysis of the largest pest-control database of its kind, noncrop habitat surrounding farm fields does affect multiple dimensions of pest control, but the actual responses of pests and enemies are highly variable across geographies and cropping systems. Because noncrop habitat often does not enhance biological control, more information about local farming contexts is needed before habitat conservation can be recommended as a viable pest-suppression strategy. Consequently, when pest control does not benefit from noncrop vegetation, farms will need to be carefully comanaged for competing conservation and production objectives. The idea that noncrop habitat enhances pest control and represents a win–win opportunity to conserve biodiversity and bolster yields has emerged as an agroecological paradigm. However, while noncrop habitat in landscapes surrounding farms sometimes benefits pest predators, natural enemy responses remain heterogeneous across studies and effects on pests are inconclusive. The observed heterogeneity in species responses to noncrop habitat may be biological in origin or could result from variation in how habitat and biocontrol are measured. Here, we use a pest-control database encompassing 132 studies and 6,759 sites worldwide to model natural enemy and pest abundances, predation rates, and crop damage as a function of landscape composition. Our results showed that although landscape composition explained significant variation within studies, pest and enemy abundances, predation rates, crop damage, and yields each exhibited different responses across studies, sometimes increasing and sometimes decreasing in landscapes with more noncrop habitat but overall showing no consistent trend. Thus, models that used landscape-composition variables to predict pest-control dynamics demonstrated little potential to explain variation across studies, though prediction did improve when comparing studies with similar crop and landscape features. Overall, our work shows that surrounding noncrop habitat does not consistently improve pest management, meaning habitat conservation may bolster production in some systems and depress yields in others. Future efforts to develop tools that inform farmers when habitat conservation truly represents a win–win would benefit from increased understanding of how landscape effects are modulated by local farm management and the biology of pests and their enemies.","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1800042115","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bcafe758ec3d995add8c0f7a5383c8490aca0e84","result_position":34,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":205560480,"title":"A global meta-analysis of yield stability in organic and conservation agriculture","venue":"Nature Communications","year":2018,"authors":["S. Knapp","M. V. D. van der Heijden"],"abstract":"One of the primary challenges of our time is to enhance global food production and security. Most assessments in agricultural systems focus on plant yield. Yet, these analyses neglect temporal yield stability, or the variability and reliability of production across years. Here we perform a meta-analysis to assess temporal yield stability of three major cropping systems: organic agriculture and conservation agriculture (no-tillage) vs. conventional agriculture, comparing 193 studies based on 2896 comparisons. Organic agriculture has, per unit yield, a significantly lower temporal stability (−15%) compared to conventional agriculture. Thus, although organic farming promotes biodiversity and is generally more environmentally friendly, future efforts should focus on reducing its yield variability. Our analysis further indicates that the use of green manure and enhanced fertilisation can reduce the yield stability gap between organic and conventional agriculture. The temporal stability (−3%) of no-tillage does not differ significantly from those of conventional tillage indicating that a transition to no-tillage does not affect yield stability. Yields vary between different cropping systems, though their temporal stability has not been quantified. Here, Knapp and van der Heijden present a meta-analysis showing that yields in organic agriculture have, per unit food produced, a lower temporal stability.","doi":"10.1038/s41467-018-05956-1","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bd2d1862e6bc1f29ff9354398f10b079afb9b2f5","result_position":35,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":53711969,"title":"Air quality co-benefits for human health and agriculture counterbalance costs to meet Paris Agreement pledges","venue":"Nature Communications","year":2018,"authors":["Toon Vandyck","K. Keramidas","A. Kitous","J. Spadaro","R. Van Dingenen","M. Holland","B. Saveyn"],"abstract":"Local air quality co-benefits can provide complementary support for ambitious climate action and can enable progress on related Sustainable Development Goals. Here we show that the transformation of the energy system implied by the emission reduction pledges brought forward in the context of the Paris Agreement on climate change (Nationally Determined Contributions or NDCs) substantially reduces local air pollution across the globe. The NDCs could avoid between 71 and 99 thousand premature deaths annually in 2030 compared to a reference case, depending on the stringency of direct air pollution controls. A more ambitious 2 °C-compatible pathway raises the number of avoided premature deaths from air pollution to 178–346 thousand annually in 2030, and up to 0.7–1.5 million in the year 2050. Air quality co-benefits on morbidity, mortality, and agriculture could globally offset the costs of climate policy. An integrated policy perspective is needed to maximise benefits for climate and health. Local air quality co-benefits can provide convincing support for climate action. Here the authors revisited air quality co-benefits of climate action in the context of NDCs and found that 71–99 thousand premature deaths can be avoided each year by 2030, offsetting the climate mitigation costs on a global level.","doi":"10.1038/s41467-018-06885-9","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/db2ac8ce58c17f9b3818e4fb040900cdb16801d4","result_position":36,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":220923107,"title":"Global relationships between crop diversity and nutritional stability","venue":"Nature Communications","year":2020,"authors":["C. Nicholson","B. Emery","M. Niles"],"abstract":"Nutritional stability – a food system’s capacity to provide sufficient nutrients despite disturbance – is an important, yet challenging to measure outcome of diversified agriculture. Using 55 years of data across 184 countries, we assemble 22,000 bipartite crop-nutrient networks to quantify nutritional stability by simulating crop and nutrient loss in a country, and assess its relationship to crop diversity across regions, over time and between imports versus in country production. We find a positive, saturating relationship between crop diversity and nutritional stability across countries, but also show that over time nutritional stability remained stagnant or decreased in all regions except Asia. These results are attributable to diminishing returns on crop diversity, with recent gains in crop diversity among crops with fewer nutrients, or with nutrients already in a country’s food system. Finally, imports are positively associated with crop diversity and nutritional stability, indicating that many countries’ nutritional stability is market exposed. Crop diversification could be important for food security. Here, using methods from network science, the authors find that a positive relationship between crop diversity and nutritional stability globally does not necessarily equate to improving nutritional stability in a given country.","doi":"10.1038/s41467-021-25615-2","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b52214c55a9cd1b2eb6d19d613f9849ecbae4acc","result_position":37,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":73469038,"title":"Aligning research with policy and practice for sustainable agricultural land systems in Europe","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","year":2019,"authors":["Murray W. Scown","K. Winkler","K. Nicholas"],"abstract":"Significance Research, policy, and practice should be integrated to understand, guide, and implement the changes necessary to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, from an analysis of research literature, policy indicators, and assessment tools for agriculture in Europe, we find that more than half of the 239 variables identified are currently used by only one of these perspectives. We identify a limited set of 32 variables that all three perspectives share and suggest these can be a starting point for designing future research to more comprehensively analyze trade-offs and identify opportunities for achieving the SDGs. Our method for assessing differences among perspectives in research, policy, and practice is a way to balance and implement sustainability goals for sectors and regions. Agriculture is widely recognized as critical to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), but researchers, policymakers, and practitioners have multiple, often conflicting yet poorly documented priorities on how agriculture could or should support achieving the SDGs. Here, we assess consensus and divergence in priorities for agricultural systems among research, policy, and practice perspectives and discuss the implications for research on trade-offs among competing goals. We analyzed the priorities given to 239 environmental and social drivers, management choices, and outcomes of agricultural systems from 69 research articles, the SDGs and four EU policies, and seven agricultural sustainability assessment tools aimed at farmers. We found all three perspectives recognize 32 variables as key to agricultural systems, providing a shared area of focus for agriculture’s contribution to the SDGs. However, 207 variables appear in only one or two perspectives, implying that potential trade-offs may be overlooked if evaluated from only one perspective. We identified four approaches to agricultural land systems research in Europe that omit most of the variables considered important from policy and practice perspectives. We posit that the four approaches reflect prevailing paradigms of research design and data analysis and suggest future research design should consider including the 32 shared variables as a starting point for more policy- and practice-relevant research. Our identification of shared priorities from different perspectives and attention to environmental and social domains and the functional role of system components provide a concrete basis to encourage codesigned and systems-based research approaches to guide agriculture’s contribution to the SDGs.","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1812100116","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6110a5cd2603673054f309d0644df998a293fdbe","result_position":38,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":202673772,"title":"Elevated mutation and selection in wild emmer wheat in response to 28 years of global warming","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","year":2019,"authors":["Yong‐Bi Fu","G. W. Peterson","Carolee Horbach","D. Konkin","A. Beiles","E. Nevo"],"abstract":"Significance The realized threats of global warming to biodiversity have catalyzed the search for a solution to protect and conserve extant plant genetic resources. Part of the solution, however, is dependent on the knowledge of how plant populations respond genetically to these threats, which is largely lacking. We conducted a unique genomic characterization of genetic responses in 10 wild emmer wheat populations in Israel that were sampled twice in 1980 and 2008. After the 28 y of global warming, these populations displayed elevated selection, reduced diversity and temporal divergence, and carried increased mutational burdens forward. However, some populations still showed the ability to acquire beneficial alleles for future adaptation. The patterns of genetic response to rainfall and temperature were complex. Global warming has been documented to threaten wild plants with strong selection pressures, but how plant populations respond genetically to the threats remains poorly understood. We characterized the genetic responses of 10 wild emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccoides Koern.; WEW) populations in Israel, sampling them in 1980 and again in 2008, through an exome capture analysis. It was found that these WEW populations were under elevated selection, displayed reduced diversity and temporal divergence, and carried increased mutational burdens forward. However, some populations still showed the ability to acquire beneficial alleles via selection or de novo mutation for future adaptation. Grouping populations with mean annual rainfall and temperature revealed significant differences in most of the 14 genetic estimates in either sampling year or over the 28 y. The patterns of genetic response to rainfall and temperature varied and were complex. In general, temperature groups displayed more temporal differences in genetic response than rainfall groups. The highest temperature group had more deleterious single nucleotide polymorphisms (dSNPs), higher nucleotide diversity, fewer selective sweeps, lower differentiation, and lower mutational burden. The least rainfall group had more dSNPs, higher nucleotide diversity, lower differentiation and higher mutational burden. These characterized genetic responses are significant, allowing not only for better understanding of evolutionary changes in the threatened populations, but also for realistic modeling of plant population adaptability and vulnerability to global warming.","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1909564116","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a62753d6c264a5bff0cc1793645258d4d1ba970a","result_position":39,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":7842823,"title":"Preservation of the genetic diversity of a local common carp in the agricultural heritage rice–fish system","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","year":2018,"authors":["Weizheng Ren","Liangliang Hu","Liang-dong Guo","Jian Zhang","Lu Tang","Entao Zhang","Jiaen Zhang","S. Luo","Jianjun Tang","Xin Chen"],"abstract":"Significance This paper contributes to understanding how traditional agriculture can maintain large genetic diversity. We quantify the effects of traditional farmer activities on the genetic diversity of an indigenous common carp in the 1,200-y-old agriculture heritage rice−fish system. We show that small farmer households interdependently incubating fish fry for their rice−fish farming shape the genetic pattern and help to maintain high genetic diversity of this local common carp. We also show how the traditional practice of mixed culturing of diverse color types potentially promotes genetic diversity. We suggest that the locally adapted ways of traditional farmers obtaining and using local genetic resources for their farming play an important role in the biodiversity of farmed crops and animals. It can become a “hotspot” for genetic diversity conservation in agriculture. We examined how traditional farmers preserve the genetic diversity of a local common carp (Cyprinus carpio), which is locally referred to as “paddy field carp” (PF-carp), in a “globally important agricultural heritage system” (GIAHS), i.e., the 1,200-y-old rice–fish coculture system in Zhejiang Province, China. Our molecular and morphological analysis showed that the PF-carp has changed into a distinct local population with higher genetic diversity and diverse color types. Within this GIAHS region, PF-carps exist as a continuous metapopulation, although three genetic groups could be identified by microsatellite markers. Thousands of small farmer households interdependently obtained fry and parental carps for their own rice–fish production, resulting in a high gene flow and large numbers of parent carps distributing in a mosaic pattern in the region. Landscape genetic analysis indicated that farmers’ connectivity was one of the major factors that shaped this genetic pattern. Population viability analysis further revealed that the numbers of these interconnected small farmer households and their connection intensity affect the carps’ inherent genetic diversity. The practice of mixed culturing of carps with diverse color types helped to preserve a wide range of genetic resources in the paddy field. This widespread traditional practice increases fish yield and resource use, which, in return, encourages famers to continue their practice of selecting and conserving diverse color types of PF-carp. Our results suggested that traditional farmers secure the genetic diversity of PF-carp and its viability over generations in this region through interdependently incubating and mixed-culturing practices within the rice−fish system.","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1709582115","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4f0ad64c0e801f07a38f4eb735e5e1e23c440381","result_position":40,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":226369805,"title":"A systematic review of employment outcomes from youth skills training programmes in agriculture in low- and middle-income countries","venue":"Nature Food","year":2020,"authors":["W. H. E. Maïga","Mohamed Porgo","Pam Zahonogo","Cocou Jaurès Amegnaglo","Doubahan Adeline Coulibaly","Justin Flynn","Windinkonté Séogo","S. Traore","J. Kelly","G. Chimwaza"],"abstract":"Engagement of youth in agriculture in low- and middle-income countries may offer opportunities to curb underemployment, urban migration, disillusionment of youth and social unrest, as well as to lift individuals and communities from poverty and hunger. Lack of education or skills training has been cited as a challenge to engage youth in the sector. Here we systematically interrogate the literature for the evaluation of skills training programmes for youth in low- and middle-income countries. Sixteen studies—nine quantitative, four qualitative and three mixed methods—from the research and grey literature documented the effects of programmes on outcomes relating to youth engagement, including job creation, income, productivity and entrepreneurship in agriculture. Although we find that skills training programmes report positive effects on our chosen outcomes, like previous systematic reviews we find the topic to chronically lack evaluation. Given the interest that donors and policymakers have in youth engagement in agriculture, our systematic review uncovers a gap in the knowledge of their effectiveness. Youth engagement in agriculture in low- and middle-income countries offers social and economic opportunities, and supports food security. Agriculture skills training is key for youth engagement, yet programmes are not well evaluated for effectiveness in employment outcomes.","doi":"10.1038/s43016-020-00172-x","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f384a94e596ddc5fb0c03cf6e56f3e6a13b1703c","result_position":41,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":208171816,"title":"Reviewers ' comments : Reviewer # 3 ( Remarks to the Author ) :","venue":"","year":2019,"authors":[],"abstract":null,"doi":"","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/89e62f29128cb96823f9d5fc6ce1630d1affbf5a","result_position":42,"is_clicked":false}],"string":"[\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 222305990,\n \"title\": \"Using satellite imagery to understand and promote sustainable development\",\n \"venue\": \"Science\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Burke\",\n \"Anne Driscoll\",\n \"D. Lobell\",\n \"Stefano Ermon\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Satellite monitoring of development Recent years have witnessed rapid growth in satellite-based approaches to quantifying aspects of land use, especially those monitoring the outcomes of sustainable development programs. Burke et al. reviewed this recent progress with a particular focus on machine-learning approaches and artificial intelligence methods. Drawing on examples mostly from Africa, they conclude that satellite-based methods enhance rather than replace ground-based data collection, and progress depends on a combined approach. Science, this issue p. eabe8628 BACKGROUND Accurate and comprehensive measurements of a range of sustainable development outcomes are fundamental inputs into both research and policy. For instance, good measures are needed to monitor progress toward sustainability goals and evaluate interventions designed to improve development outcomes. Traditional approaches to measurement of many key outcomes rely on household surveys that are conducted infrequently in many parts of the world and are often of low accuracy. The paucity of ground data stands in contrast to the rapidly growing abundance and quality of satellite imagery. Multiple public and private sensors launched in recent years provide temporal, spatial, and spectral information on changes happening on Earth’s surface. Here we review a rapidly growing scientific literature that seeks to use this satellite imagery to measure and understand various outcomes related to sustainable development. We pay particular attention to recent approaches that use methods from artificial intelligence to extract information from images, as these methods typically outperform earlier approaches and enable new insights. Our focus is on settings and applications where humans themselves, or what they produce, are the outcome of interest and on where these outcomes are being measured using satellite imagery. ADVANCES We describe and synthesize the variety of approaches that have been used to extract information from satellite imagery, with particular attention given to recent machine learning–based approaches and settings in which training data are limited or noisy. We then quantitatively assess predictive performance of these approaches in the domains of smallholder agriculture, economic livelihoods, population, and informal settlements. We show that satellite-based performance in predicting these outcomes is reasonably strong and improving. Performance improvements have come through a combination of more numerous and accurate training data, more abundant and higher-quality imagery, and creative application of advances in computer vision to satellite inputs and sustainability outcomes. Further, our analyses suggest that reported model performance likely understates true performance in many settings, given the noisy data on which predictions are evaluated and the types of noise typically observed in sustainability applications. For multiple outcomes of interest, satellite-based estimates can now equal or exceed the accuracy of traditional approaches to outcome measurement. We describe multiple methods through which the true performance of satellite-based approaches can be better understood. Integration of satellite-based sustainability measurements into research has been broad, and we describe applications in agriculture, fisheries, health, and economics. Documented uses of these measurements in public-sector decision-making are rarer, which we attribute in part to the novelty of the approaches, their lack of interpretability, and the potential benefits to some policy-makers of not having certain outcomes be measured. OUTLOOK The largest constraint to satellite-based model performance is now training data rather than imagery. While imagery has become abundant, the scarcity and frequent unreliability of ground data make both training and validation of satellite-based models difficult. Expanding the quantity and quality of such data will quickly accelerate progress in this field. Other opportunities for advancement include improvements in model interpretability, fusion of satellites with other nontraditional data that provide complementary information, and more-rigorous evaluation of satellite-based approaches (relative to available alternatives) in the context of specific use cases. Nevertheless, despite the current and future promise of satellite-based approaches, we argue that these approaches will amplify rather than replace existing ground-based data collection efforts in most settings. Many outcomes of interest will likely never be accurately estimated with satellites; for outcomes where satellites do have predictive power, high-quality local training data can nearly always improve model performance. Increasing collection of satellite imagery can help measure livelihood outcomes in areas where ground data are sparse. (Left) Interval between nationally representative economic surveys over the past three decades shows long lags in many developing countries. (Middle) Recently added public and private satellites have broken the traditional trade-off between temporal and spatial resolution. (Right) Performance in measuring the presence of informal settlements, crop yields on smallholder agricultural plots, and village-level asset wealth. R2, coefficient of determination. Accurate and comprehensive measurements of a range of sustainable development outcomes are fundamental inputs into both research and policy. We synthesize the growing literature that uses satellite imagery to understand these outcomes, with a focus on approaches that combine imagery with machine learning. We quantify the paucity of ground data on key human-related outcomes and the growing abundance and improving resolution (spatial, temporal, and spectral) of satellite imagery. We then review recent machine learning approaches to model-building in the context of scarce and noisy training data, highlighting how this noise often leads to incorrect assessment of model performance. We quantify recent model performance across multiple sustainable development domains, discuss research and policy applications, explore constraints to future progress, and highlight research directions for the field.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1126/science.abe8628\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/52b5a3baf789b6347e8e95d43318197e60780842\",\n \"result_position\": 0,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 221625194,\n \"title\": \"Cropland expansion in the United States produces marginal yields at high costs to wildlife\",\n \"venue\": \"Nature Communications\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Tyler J. Lark\",\n \"S. Spawn\",\n \"Matthew Bougie\",\n \"H. Gibbs\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Recent expansion of croplands in the United States has caused widespread conversion of grasslands and other ecosystems with largely unknown consequences for agricultural production and the environment. Here we assess annual land use change 2008–16 and its impacts on crop yields and wildlife habitat. We find that croplands have expanded at a rate of over one million acres per year, and that 69.5% of new cropland areas produced yields below the national average, with a mean yield deficit of 6.5%. Observed conversion infringed upon high-quality habitat that, relative to unconverted land, had provided over three times higher milkweed stem densities in the Monarch butterfly Midwest summer breeding range and 37% more nesting opportunities per acre for waterfowl in the Prairie Pothole Region of the Northern Great Plains. Our findings demonstrate a pervasive pattern of encroachment into areas that are increasingly marginal for production, but highly significant for wildlife, and suggest that such tradeoffs may be further amplified by future cropland expansion. Conversion of natural ecosystems to cropland is a threat to most native wildlife. Here the authors quantify the impact of recent cropland expansion on the habitat of representative pollinator, bird, plant species across the conterminous United States, showing diminished crop yield returns at the cost of important habitat losses.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s41467-020-18045-z\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f2f06034bb60d9686e003ee3d5efdcf9d71d2a18\",\n \"result_position\": 1,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 222162179,\n \"title\": \"Crop switching reduces agricultural losses from climate change in the United States by half under RCP 8.5\",\n \"venue\": \"Nature Communications\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Rising\",\n \"N. Devineni\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"A key strategy for agriculture to adapt to climate change is by switching crops and relocating crop production. We develop an approach to estimate the economic potential of crop reallocation using a Bayesian hierarchical model of yields. We apply the model to six crops in the United States, and show that it outperforms traditional empirical models under cross-validation. The fitted model parameters provide evidence of considerable existing climate adaptation across counties. If crop locations are held constant in the future, total agriculture profits for the six crops will drop by 31% for the temperature patterns of 2070 under RCP 8.5. When crop lands are reallocated to avoid yield decreases and take advantage of yield increases, half of these losses are avoided (16% loss), but 57% of counties are allocated crops different from those currently planted. Our results provide a framework for identifying crop adaptation opportunities, but suggest limits to their potential. Switching and relocating crops could be a key pathway for agricultural adaptation to climate change. Here, Rising and Devineni use data-driven Bayesian modelling to estimate the potential for crop switching to mitigate climate impacts on US crop production under a high-emission scenario, showing considerable opportunities but also limitations.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s41467-020-18725-w\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7e7aaf8501acb2d769ff328466b1d51e2dabc550\",\n \"result_position\": 2,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 226297490,\n \"title\": \"Potential for sustainable irrigation expansion in a 3 °C warmer climate\",\n \"venue\": \"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"L. Rosa\",\n \"D. Chiarelli\",\n \"M. Sangiorgio\",\n \"A. Beltran-Peña\",\n \"M. Rulli\",\n \"P. D’Odorico\",\n \"I. Fung\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Significance Climate change is expected to reshape the distribution of irrigated lands. Using climatic projections from three global climate models, we investigate global patterns of irrigation water demand and availability in 1.5 °C and 3 °C warmer climates. We find that in up to 35% of currently rain-fed croplands, irrigation could be expanded as an adaptation strategy to climate change without negative environmental externalities on freshwater resources. Irrigation expansion could reduce vulnerability to water stress and improve crop productivity to feed up to 300 million additional people using small-scale water storage and up to 1.4 billion additional people using large-scale water storage. This work contributes to identifying target regions where investments in sustainable intensification of agriculture through irrigation expansion are needed. Climate change is expected to affect crop production worldwide, particularly in rain-fed agricultural regions. It is still unknown how irrigation water needs will change in a warmer planet and where freshwater will be locally available to expand irrigation without depleting freshwater resources. Here, we identify the rain-fed cropping systems that hold the greatest potential for investment in irrigation expansion because water will likely be available to suffice irrigation water demand. Using projections of renewable water availability and irrigation water demand under warming scenarios, we identify target regions where irrigation expansion may sustain crop production under climate change. Our results also show that global rain-fed croplands hold significant potential for sustainable irrigation expansion and that different irrigation strategies have different irrigation expansion potentials. Under a 3 °C warming, we find that a soft-path irrigation expansion with small monthly water storage and deficit irrigation has the potential to expand irrigated land by 70 million hectares and feed 300 million more people globally. We also find that a hard-path irrigation expansion with large annual water storage can sustainably expand irrigation up to 350 million hectares, while producing food for 1.4 billion more people globally. By identifying where irrigation can be expanded under a warmer climate, this work may serve as a starting point for investigating socioeconomic factors of irrigation expansion and may guide future research and resources toward those agricultural communities and water management institutions that will most need to adapt to climate change.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1073/pnas.2017796117\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/98f7629f45a78ecc376ccd964e964cbea5e62405\",\n \"result_position\": 3,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 222299152,\n \"title\": \"A scoping review of research funding for small-scale farmers in water scarce regions\",\n \"venue\": \"Nature Sustainability\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"V. Ricciardi\",\n \"A. Wane\",\n \"B. Sidhu\",\n \"C. Godde\",\n \"D. Solomon\",\n \"E. McCullough\",\n \"F. Diekmann\",\n \"J. Porciello\",\n \"Meha Jain\",\n \"N. Randall\",\n \"Z. Mehrabi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Water scarcity is a global issue that disproportionately affects small-scale farmers in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Through geospatial analysis, we estimated that less than 37% of small-scale farms probably have irrigation in water scarce regions across LMICs, compared with 42% of non-small-scale farms. Through a literature synthesis assisted by machine learning, we then systematically mapped the existing research for on-farm interventions that improve the incomes or yields of small-scale farmers in water scarce regions. We mapped over 888 on-farm interventions used to combat water scarcity from 560 publications and showed a research bias towards yields rather than livelihoods. We found gaps in evidence for many commonly proposed solutions, including livestock management, digital technology and solutions to protect natural resources at the farm-level, such as buffer strips. Our findings can be used to set a funding agenda for research on the geographies that are most at risk of water scarcity and the interventions that most lack evidence. A geospatial estimate of water scarcity in middle- to low-income countries finds that less than 37% of small-scale farms have irrigation. However, there exist considerable gaps in evidence for most commonly proposed, on-farm interventions.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s41893-020-00623-0\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/06271c34ac7ab3125e80e598f6344950ee8d649d\",\n \"result_position\": 4,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 203986983,\n \"title\": \"The impact of agricultural interventions can be doubled by using satellite data\",\n \"venue\": \"Nature Sustainability\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Meha Jain\",\n \"Balwinder-Singh\",\n \"P. Rao\",\n \"A. Srivastava\",\n \"S. Poonia\",\n \"J. Blesh\",\n \"G. Azzari\",\n \"A. McDonald\",\n \"D. Lobell\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s41893-019-0396-x\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f63e55a459804bda1914ba01913bdd64ea01bdfa\",\n \"result_position\": 5,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 221938118,\n \"title\": \"A data-driven simulation platform to predict cultivars’ performances under uncertain weather conditions\",\n \"venue\": \"Nature Communications\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"G. de los Campos\",\n \"P. Pérez-Rodríguez\",\n \"M. Bogard\",\n \"D. Gouache\",\n \"J. Crossa\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In most crops, genetic and environmental factors interact in complex ways giving rise to substantial genotype-by-environment interactions (G×E). We propose that computer simulations leveraging field trial data, DNA sequences, and historical weather records can be used to tackle the longstanding problem of predicting cultivars’ future performances under largely uncertain weather conditions. We present a computer simulation platform that uses Monte Carlo methods to integrate uncertainty about future weather conditions and model parameters. We use extensive experimental wheat yield data (n = 25,841) to learn G×E patterns and validate, using left-trial-out cross-validation, the predictive performance of the model. Subsequently, we use the fitted model to generate circa 143 million grain yield data points for 28 wheat genotypes in 16 locations in France, over 16 years of historical weather records. The phenotypes generated by the simulation platform have multiple downstream uses; we illustrate this by predicting the distribution of expected yield at 448 cultivar-location combinations and performing means-stability analyses. Predicting crop performance in environments with limited field testing is challenging. Here the authors combine field experimental, DNA sequence, and weather data to predict genotypes’ future performance. They demonstrate the potential of this approach on a large dataset of wheat grain yield.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s41467-020-18480-y\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8dc5f2a4da3aa91a1b780dff4d6ce484b1be5f49\",\n \"result_position\": 6,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 221307196,\n \"title\": \"The global value of water in agriculture\",\n \"venue\": \"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"P. D’Odorico\",\n \"D. Chiarelli\",\n \"L. Rosa\",\n \"A. Bini\",\n \"D. Zilberman\",\n \"M. Rulli\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Significance Water’s ability to generate value in irrigated agriculture remains poorly quantified at the global scale. The valuation of irrigation water is an important piece of information not only for agribusiness investors interested in the acquisition of land and water entitlements but also for farmers and rural communities that are negotiating with such investors. To make an informed decision about the acquisition or relinquishment of water rights or about investments in irrigation infrastructure there is a need for a better understanding of the value generated by irrigation water in agriculture using methods that rely on globally available data. This study provides a high-resolution global assessment of irrigation water value as a function of crop type and geographic location. Major environmental functions and human needs critically depend on water. In regions of the world affected by water scarcity economic activities can be constrained by water availability, leading to competition both among sectors and between human uses and environmental needs. While the commodification of water remains a contentious political issue, the valuation of this natural resource is sometime viewed as a strategy to avoid water waste. Likewise, water markets have been invoked as a mechanism to allocate water to economically most efficient uses. The value of water, however, remains difficult to estimate because water markets and market prices exist only in few regions of the world. Despite numerous attempts at estimating the value of water in the absence of markets (i.e., the “shadow price”), a global spatially explicit assessment of the value of water in agriculture is still missing. Here we propose a data-parsimonious biophysical framework to determine the value generated by water in irrigated agriculture and highlight its global spatiotemporal patterns. We find that in much of the world the actual crop distribution does not maximize agricultural water value.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1073/pnas.2005835117\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/26032c52c97e17a673af66a572ee2660b7317a48\",\n \"result_position\": 7,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 220840668,\n \"title\": \"Wheat yield potential in controlled-environment vertical farms\",\n \"venue\": \"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"S. Asseng\",\n \"J. Guarin\",\n \"M. Raman\",\n \"O. Monje\",\n \"G. Kiss\",\n \"D. Despommier\",\n \"F. Meggers\",\n \"P. Gauthier\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Significance Wheat is the most important food crop worldwide, grown across millions of hectares. Wheat yields in the field are usually low and vary with weather, soil, and crop management practices. We show that yields for wheat grown in indoor vertical farms under optimized growing conditions would be several hundred times higher than yields in the field due to higher yields, several harvests per year, and vertically stacked layers. Wheat grown indoors would use less land than field-grown wheat, be independent of climate, reuse most water, exclude pests and diseases, and have no nutrient losses to the environment. However, given the high energy costs for artificial lighting and capital costs, it is unlikely to be economically competitive with current market prices. Scaling current cereal production to a growing global population will be a challenge. Wheat supplies approximately one-fifth of the calories and protein for human diets. Vertical farming is a possible promising option for increasing future wheat production. Here we show that wheat grown on a single hectare of land in a 10-layer indoor vertical facility could produce from 700 ± 40 t/ha (measured) to a maximum of 1,940 ± 230 t/ha (estimated) of grain annually under optimized temperature, intensive artificial light, high CO2 levels, and a maximum attainable harvest index. Such yields would be 220 to 600 times the current world average annual wheat yield of 3.2 t/ha. Independent of climate, season, and region, indoor wheat farming could be environmentally superior, as less land area is needed along with reuse of most water, minimal use of pesticides and herbicides, and no nutrient losses. Although it is unlikely that indoor wheat farming will be economically competitive with current market prices in the near future, it could play an essential role in hedging against future climate or other unexpected disruptions to the food system. Nevertheless, maximum production potential remains to be confirmed experimentally, and further technological innovations are needed to reduce capital and energy costs in such facilities.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1073/pnas.2002655117\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/12c24fd18b7378734c2e1bc2686179d3de8a2680\",\n \"result_position\": 8,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 199110415,\n \"title\": \"Importance of snow and glacier meltwater for agriculture on the Indo-Gangetic Plain\",\n \"venue\": \"Nature Sustainability\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"H. Biemans\",\n \"H. Biemans\",\n \"C. Siderius\",\n \"C. Siderius\",\n \"A. Lutz\",\n \"S. Nepal\",\n \"Bashir Ahmad\",\n \"T. Hassan\",\n \"W. Bloh\",\n \"R. Wijngaard\",\n \"Philippus Wester\",\n \"A. Shrestha\",\n \"W. Immerzeel\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s41893-019-0305-3\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/178e97f9db40f0cfd3d5d518f4a09ff38c023524\",\n \"result_position\": 9,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 221476463,\n \"title\": \"Yield reduction under climate warming varies among wheat cultivars in South Africa\",\n \"venue\": \"Nature Communications\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Aaron M. Shew\",\n \"Jesse Tack\",\n \"L. Nalley\",\n \"P. Chaminuka\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Understanding extreme weather impacts on staple crops such as wheat is vital for creating adaptation strategies and increasing food security, especially in dryland cropping systems across Southern Africa. This study analyses heat impacts on wheat using daily weather information and a dryland wheat dataset for 71 cultivars across 17 locations in South Africa from 1998 to 2014. We estimate temperature impacts on yields in extensive regression models, finding that extreme heat drives wheat yield losses, with an additional 24 h of exposure to temperatures above 30 °C associated with a 12.5% yield reduction. Results from a uniform warming scenario of +1 °C show an average wheat yield reduction of 8.5%, which increases to 18.4% and 28.5% under +2 and +3 °C scenarios. We also find evidence of differences in heat effects across cultivars, which suggests warming impacts may be reduced through the sharing of gene pools amongst wheat breeding programs. Wheat yield is sensitive to temperature, but there could be substantial variation in this response across cultivars. Here the authors present data on the climatic responses of wheat cultivars in South Africa, highlighting which cultivars might be better able to maintain yield under warming.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s41467-020-18317-8\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d03567c2375ea111bee31ef2613c05b72a0d8cea\",\n \"result_position\": 10,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 67862482,\n \"title\": \"State-of-the-art global models underestimate impacts from climate extremes\",\n \"venue\": \"Nature Communications\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Schewe\",\n \"S. Gosling\",\n \"C. Reyer\",\n \"Fang Zhao\",\n \"P. Ciais\",\n \"J. Elliott\",\n \"L. François\",\n \"V. Huber\",\n \"Heike K. Lotze\",\n \"S. Seneviratne\",\n \"M. V. van Vliet\",\n \"R. Vautard\",\n \"Y. Wada\",\n \"L. Breuer\",\n \"M. Büchner\",\n \"D. Carozza\",\n \"Jinfeng Chang\",\n \"M. Coll\",\n \"D. Deryng\",\n \"A. de Wit\",\n \"T. Eddy\",\n \"C. Folberth\",\n \"K. Frieler\",\n \"A. Friend\",\n \"D. Gerten\",\n \"L. Gudmundsson\",\n \"N. Hanasaki\",\n \"A. Ito\",\n \"N. Khabarov\",\n \"Hyungjun Kim\",\n \"P. Lawrence\",\n \"C. Morfopoulos\",\n \"C. Müller\",\n \"Hannes Müller Schmied\",\n \"R. Orth\",\n \"S. Ostberg\",\n \"Y. Pokhrel\",\n \"T. Pugh\",\n \"G. Sakurai\",\n \"Y. Satoh\",\n \"E. Schmid\",\n \"T. Stacke\",\n \"J. Steenbeek\",\n \"J. Steinkamp\",\n \"Q. Tang\",\n \"H. Tian\",\n \"D. Tittensor\",\n \"J. Volkholz\",\n \"Xuhui Wang\",\n \"L. Warszawski\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Global impact models represent process-level understanding of how natural and human systems may be affected by climate change. Their projections are used in integrated assessments of climate change. Here we test, for the first time, systematically across many important systems, how well such impact models capture the impacts of extreme climate conditions. Using the 2003 European heat wave and drought as a historical analogue for comparable events in the future, we find that a majority of models underestimate the extremeness of impacts in important sectors such as agriculture, terrestrial ecosystems, and heat-related human mortality, while impacts on water resources and hydropower are overestimated in some river basins; and the spread across models is often large. This has important implications for economic assessments of climate change impacts that rely on these models. It also means that societal risks from future extreme events may be greater than previously thought. Impact models projections are used in integrated assessments of climate change. Here the authors test systematically across many important systems, how well such impact models capture the impacts of extreme climate conditions.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s41467-019-08745-6\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f6d58af87f6896731e2a8b8198f13864d42c8e66\",\n \"result_position\": 11,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 222299460,\n \"title\": \"A scoping review on incentives for adoption of sustainable agricultural practices and their outcomes\",\n \"venue\": \"Nature Sustainability\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Valeria Piñeiro\",\n \"J. Arias\",\n \"J. Dürr\",\n \"Pablo Elverdin\",\n \"A. Ibáñez\",\n \"A. Kinengyere\",\n \"C. Opazo\",\n \"N. Owoo\",\n \"Jessica R. Page\",\n \"S. Prager\",\n \"M. Torero\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The increasing pressure on agricultural production systems to achieve global food security and prevent environmental degradation necessitates a transition towards more sustainable practices. The purpose of this scoping review is to understand how the incentives offered to farmers motivate the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices and, ultimately, how and whether they result in measurable outcomes. To this end, this scoping review examines the evidence of nearly 18,000 papers on whether incentive-based programmes lead to the adoption of sustainable practices and their effect on environmental, economic and productivity outcomes. We find that independent of the incentive type, programmes linked to short-term economic benefit have a higher adoption rate than those aimed solely at providing an ecological service. In the long run, one of the strongest motivations for farmers to adopt sustainable practices is perceived benefits for either their farms, the environment or both. Beyond this, the importance of technical assistance and extension services in promoting sustainable practices emerges strongly from this scoping review. Finally, we find that policy instruments are more effective if their design considers the characteristics of the target population, and the associated trade-offs between economic, environmental and social outcomes. A more sustainable agriculture is needed to address global food security and environmental degradation. This scoping review surveys the incentives for farmers to adopt sustainable practices benefiting their farms, the environment or both.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s41893-020-00617-y\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fc9f7baad88d470d5a5a7346f8eb161a92212047\",\n \"result_position\": 12,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 52973429,\n \"title\": \"Diverging importance of drought stress for maize and winter wheat in Europe\",\n \"venue\": \"Nature Communications\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"H. Webber\",\n \"F. Ewert\",\n \"J. Olesen\",\n \"C. Müller\",\n \"S. Fronzek\",\n \"A. Ruane\",\n \"M. Bourgault\",\n \"P. Martre\",\n \"B. Ababaei\",\n \"M. Bindi\",\n \"R. Ferrise\",\n \"R. Finger\",\n \"N. Fodor\",\n \"C. Gabaldón-Leal\",\n \"T. Gaiser\",\n \"M. Jabloun\",\n \"K. Kersebaum\",\n \"J. Lizaso\",\n \"I. Lorite\",\n \"L. Manceau\",\n \"M. Moriondo\",\n \"C. Nendel\",\n \"Alfredo Rodríguez\",\n \"M. Ruíz-Ramos\",\n \"M. Semenov\",\n \"S. Siebert\",\n \"T. Stella\",\n \"Pierre Stratonovitch\",\n \"G. Trombi\",\n \"D. Wallach\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Understanding the drivers of yield levels under climate change is required to support adaptation planning and respond to changing production risks. This study uses an ensemble of crop models applied on a spatial grid to quantify the contributions of various climatic drivers to past yield variability in grain maize and winter wheat of European cropping systems (1984–2009) and drivers of climate change impacts to 2050. Results reveal that for the current genotypes and mix of irrigated and rainfed production, climate change would lead to yield losses for grain maize and gains for winter wheat. Across Europe, on average heat stress does not increase for either crop in rainfed systems, while drought stress intensifies for maize only. In low-yielding years, drought stress persists as the main driver of losses for both crops, with elevated CO2 offering no yield benefit in these years. Drivers of crop yield variability require quantification, and historical records can help in improving understanding. Here, Webber et al. report that drought stress will remain a key driver of yield losses in wheat and maize across Europe, and benefits from CO2 will be limited in low-yielding years.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s41467-018-06525-2\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b553c807b2a69a385ced8fc0254c9e2d61733824\",\n \"result_position\": 13,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 226370854,\n \"title\": \"A scoping review of the contributions of farmers’ organizations to smallholder agriculture\",\n \"venue\": \"Nature Food\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"L. Bizikova\",\n \"E. Nkonya\",\n \"Margitta Minah\",\n \"M. Hanisch\",\n \"R. Turaga\",\n \"C. Speranza\",\n \"M. Karthikeyan\",\n \"Lixia Tang\",\n \"Kate Ghezzi-Kopel\",\n \"J. Kelly\",\n \"A. Celestin\",\n \"B. Timmers\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Farmers’ organizations (FOs), such as associations, cooperatives, self-help and women’s groups, are common in developing countries and provide services that are widely viewed as contributing to income and productivity for small-scale producers. Here, we conducted a scoping review of the literature on FO services and their impacts on small-scale producers in sub-Saharan Africa and India. Most reviewed studies (57%) reported positive FO impacts on farmer income, but much fewer reported positive impacts on crop yield (19%) and production quality (20%). Environmental benefits, such as resilience-building and improved water quality and quantity were documented in 24% of the studies. Our analysis indicates that having access to markets through information, infrastructure, and logistical support at the centre of FO design could help integrate FOs into policy. Natural resource management should also be more widely incorporated in the services provided by FOs to mitigate risks associated with environmental degradation and climate change. Finally, farmers who are already marginalized because of poor education, land access, social status and market accessibility may require additional support systems to improve their capacities, skills and resources before they are able to benefit from FO membership. Associations, cooperatives, women’s groups and other farmers’ organizations are generally considered beneficial to smallholders, but more evidence on their broader impact is needed. This scoping review, focused on sub-Saharan Africa and India, draws on the findings of 239 studies to elicit the contributions of farmers’ organizations to production, income, empowerment, food security and the environment.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s43016-020-00164-x\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ac960fd9096196c5987c93c1d51bb647fc36450c\",\n \"result_position\": 14,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 220606679,\n \"title\": \"Qualitative crop condition survey reveals spatiotemporal production patterns and allows early yield prediction\",\n \"venue\": \"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"S. Beguerı́a\",\n \"M. Maneta\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Significance We show how subjective information from qualitative crop rating surveys conducted weekly by the USDA can be transformed into a continuous crop condition index that integrates meteorological, agronomic, physiological, technological, and management factors. This index allows comparison of crop conditions between years and locations and provides superior information that enhances yield forecasting models. The proposed methodology can be used to develop better agricultural drought monitoring and early warning systems that can anticipate production anomalies and inform decision making. Large-scale continuous crop monitoring systems (CMS) are key to detect and manage agricultural production anomalies. Current CMS exploit meteorological and crop growth models, and satellite imagery, but have underutilized legacy sources of information such as operational crop expert surveys with long and uninterrupted records. We argue that crop expert assessments, despite their subjective and categorical nature, capture the complexities of assessing the “status” of a crop better than any model or remote sensing retrieval. This is because crop rating data naturally encapsulates the broad expert knowledge of many individual surveyors spread throughout the country, constituting a sophisticated network of “people as sensors” that provide consistent and accurate information on crop progress. We analyze data from the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Crop Progress and Condition (CPC) survey between 1987 and 2019 for four major crops across the US, and show how to transform the original qualitative data into a continuous, probabilistic variable better suited to quantitative analysis. Although the CPC reflects the subjective perception of many surveyors at different locations, the underlying models that describe the reported crop status are statistically robust and maintain similar characteristics across different crops, exhibit long-term stability, and have nation-wide validity. We discuss the origin and interpretation of existing spatial and temporal biases in the survey data. Finally, we propose a quantitative Crop Condition Index based on the CPC survey and demonstrate how this index can be used to monitor crop status and provide earlier and more precise predictions of crop yields than official USDA forecasts released midseason.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1073/pnas.1917774117\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c56fb8fd8f003563ae7b2097827a07d0fee0ce05\",\n \"result_position\": 15,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 57759053,\n \"title\": \"Decline in climate resilience of European wheat\",\n \"venue\": \"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"H. Kahiluoto\",\n \"J. Kaseva\",\n \"J. Balek\",\n \"J. Olesen\",\n \"M. Ruíz-Ramos\",\n \"Anne Gobin\",\n \"K. Kersebaum\",\n \"J. Takáč\",\n \"F. Ruget\",\n \"R. Ferrise\",\n \"P. Bezák\",\n \"Gemma Capellades\",\n \"C. Dibari\",\n \"H. Mäkinen\",\n \"C. Nendel\",\n \"D. Ventrella\",\n \"Alfredo Rodríguez\",\n \"M. Bindi\",\n \"M. Trnka\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Significance Food security under climate change depends on the yield performance of staple food crops. We found a decline in the climate resilience of European wheat in most countries during the last 5 to 15 y, depending on the country. The yield responses of all the cultivars to different weather events were relatively similar within northern and central Europe, within southern European countries, and specifically regarding durum wheat. We also found serious Europe-wide gaps in wheat resilience, especially regarding yield performance under abundant rain. Climate resilience is currently not receiving the attention it deserves by breeders, seed and wheat traders, and farmers. Consequently, the results provide insights into the required learning tools, economic incentives, and role of public actors. Food security relies on the resilience of staple food crops to climatic variability and extremes, but the climate resilience of European wheat is unknown. A diversity of responses to disturbance is considered a key determinant of resilience. The capacity of a sole crop genotype to perform well under climatic variability is limited; therefore, a set of cultivars with diverse responses to weather conditions critical to crop yield is required. Here, we show a decline in the response diversity of wheat in farmers’ fields in most European countries after 2002–2009 based on 101,000 cultivar yield observations. Similar responses to weather were identified in cultivar trials among central European countries and southern European countries. A response diversity hotspot appeared in the trials in Slovakia, while response diversity “deserts” were identified in Czechia and Germany and for durum wheat in southern Europe. Positive responses to abundant precipitation were lacking. This assessment suggests that current breeding programs and cultivar selection practices do not sufficiently prepare for climatic uncertainty and variability. Consequently, the demand for climate resilience of staple food crops such as wheat must be better articulated. Assessments and communication of response diversity enable collective learning across supply chains. Increased awareness could foster governance of resilience through research and breeding programs, incentives, and regulation.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1073/pnas.1804387115\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1968fb2d658d8a28927f2aae21114eec5dc34cc1\",\n \"result_position\": 16,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 53222871,\n \"title\": \"Peculiarly pleasant weather for US maize\",\n \"venue\": \"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"E. Butler\",\n \"N. Mueller\",\n \"P. Huybers\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Significance Over the course of the 20th century, US maize yields have improved by more than a factor of five. Whereas this trend is often attributed exclusively to technological improvements, here, we also identify contributions from improved temperatures during the growing season. More than one-quarter of the increase in crop yield since 1981 is estimated to result from trends toward overall warmer conditions, but with cooling of the hottest growing-season temperatures, and from adjustments in crop timing toward earlier planting and longer maturation varieties. Continuation of historical trends in crop yield are critical to meeting the demands of a growing and more affluent world population. Climate change may compromise our ability to meet these demands, but estimates vary widely, highlighting the importance of understanding historical interactions between yield and climate trends. The relationship between temperature and yield is nuanced, involving differential yield outcomes to warm (9−29 °C) and hot (>29 °C) temperatures and differing sensitivity across growth phases. Here, we use a crop model that resolves temperature responses according to magnitude and growth phase to show that US maize has benefited from weather shifts since 1981. Improvements are related to lengthening of the growing season and cooling of the hottest temperatures. Furthermore, current farmer cropping schedules are more beneficial in the climate of the last decade than they would have been in earlier decades, indicating statistically significant adaptation to a changing climate of 13 kg·ha−1· decade−1. All together, the better weather experienced by US maize accounts for 28% of the yield trends since 1981. Sustaining positive trends in yield depends on whether improvements in agricultural climate continue and the degree to which farmers adapt to future climates.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1073/pnas.1808035115\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f5db2acab6c1f01fdbfd463d23e92a68a98265bd\",\n \"result_position\": 17,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 221637925,\n \"title\": \"Using insurance data to quantify the multidimensional impacts of warming temperatures on yield risk\",\n \"venue\": \"Nature Communications\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Edward D. Perry\",\n \"Jisang Yu\",\n \"Jesse Tack\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Previous research predicts significant negative yield impacts from warming temperatures, but estimating the effects on yield risk and disentangling the relative causes of these losses remains challenging. Here we present new evidence on these issues by leveraging a unique publicly available dataset consisting of roughly 30,000 county-by-year observations on insurance-based measures of yield risk from 1989–2014 for U.S. corn and soybeans. Our results suggest that yield risk will increase in response to warmer temperatures, with a 1 °C increase associated with yield risk increases of approximately 32% and 11% for corn and soybeans, respectively. Using cause of loss information, we also find that additional losses under warming temperatures primarily result from additional reported occurrences of drought, with reported losses due to heat stress playing a smaller role. An implication of our findings is that the cost of purchasing crop insurance will increase for producers as a result of warming temperatures. The impacts of climate change on agricultural productivity remain debated. Here, the authors present new evidence for the magnitude and causes of U.S. crop insurance losses, using a database of production risk from 1989–2014 across 1733 counties for corn and 1632 counties for soybeans, and find that crop production risk will increase in response to warmer temperatures.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s41467-020-17707-2\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8ee431da5a0e0f029ae2a677b1bdeb754f4e84c3\",\n \"result_position\": 18,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 4392772,\n \"title\": \"Two-thirds of global cropland area impacted by climate oscillations\",\n \"venue\": \"Nature Communications\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Heino\",\n \"M. Puma\",\n \"P. Ward\",\n \"D. Gerten\",\n \"V. Heck\",\n \"S. Siebert\",\n \"M. Kummu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) peaked strongly during the boreal winter 2015–2016, leading to food insecurity in many parts of Africa, Asia and Latin America. Besides ENSO, the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) are known to impact crop yields worldwide. Here we assess for the first time in a unified framework the relationships between ENSO, IOD and NAO and simulated crop productivity at the sub-country scale. Our findings reveal that during 1961–2010, crop productivity is significantly influenced by at least one large-scale climate oscillation in two-thirds of global cropland area. Besides observing new possible links, especially for NAO in Africa and the Middle East, our analyses confirm several known relationships between crop productivity and these oscillations. Our results improve the understanding of climatological crop productivity drivers, which is essential for enhancing food security in many of the most vulnerable places on the planet. Climate oscillations such as El Niño Southern Oscillation may impact global crop production. Here, the authors, using a unified framework of multiple climate oscillations, find that from 1961 to 2010 over two-thirds of the global cropland is located where crop productivity is influenced by climate oscillations.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s41467-017-02071-5\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f1886d0d4d4591b7ba40ef075d59d12c76d2a4bc\",\n \"result_position\": 19,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 220431514,\n \"title\": \"Water rights shape crop yield and revenue volatility tradeoffs for adaptation in snow dependent systems\",\n \"venue\": \"Nature Communications\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"K. Malek\",\n \"P. Reed\",\n \"J. Adam\",\n \"T. Karimi\",\n \"M. Brady\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Irrigated agriculture in snow-dependent regions contributes significantly to global food production. This study quantifies the impacts of climate change on irrigated agriculture in the snow-dependent Yakima River Basin (YRB) in the Pacific Northwest United States. Here we show that increasingly severe droughts and temperature driven reductions in growing season significantly reduces expected annual agricultural productivity. The overall reduction in mean annual productivity also dampens interannual yield variability, limiting yield-driven revenue fluctuations. Our findings show that farmers who adapt to climate change by planting improved crop varieties may potentially increase their expected mean annaul productivity in an altered climate, but remain strongly vulnerable to irrigation water shortages that substantially increase interannual yield variability (i.e., increasing revenue volatility). Our results underscore the importance for crop adaptation strategies to simultaneously capture the biophysical effects of warming as well as the institutional controls on water availability. Studies on examining the climate impact on irrigated agriculture do not account for regional specific details. Here the authors studied both the direct and indirect impact of climate change on irrigated agriculture in the Yakima River Basin (YRB) and found that increasingly severe droughts and temperature driven reductions in growing season significantly reduces expected annual agricultural productivity.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s41467-020-17219-z\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/48e29dae99421e0e5b4f198e16c112adcaf78053\",\n \"result_position\": 20,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 256633826,\n \"title\": \"Water rights shape crop yield and revenue volatility tradeoffs for adaptation in snow dependent systems\",\n \"venue\": \"Nature Communications\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"K. Malek\",\n \"Patricia Reed\",\n \"J. Adam\",\n \"T. Karimi\",\n \"M. Brady\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Irrigated agriculture in snow-dependent regions contributes significantly to global food production. This study quantifies the impacts of climate change on irrigated agriculture in the snow-dependent Yakima River Basin (YRB) in the Pacific Northwest United States. Here we show that increasingly severe droughts and temperature driven reductions in growing season significantly reduces expected annual agricultural productivity. The overall reduction in mean annual productivity also dampens interannual yield variability, limiting yield-driven revenue fluctuations. Our findings show that farmers who adapt to climate change by planting improved crop varieties may potentially increase their expected mean annaul productivity in an altered climate, but remain strongly vulnerable to irrigation water shortages that substantially increase interannual yield variability (i.e., increasing revenue volatility). Our results underscore the importance for crop adaptation strategies to simultaneously capture the biophysical effects of warming as well as the institutional controls on water availability. Studies on examining the climate impact on irrigated agriculture do not account for regional specific details. Here the authors studied both the direct and indirect impact of climate change on irrigated agriculture in the Yakima River Basin (YRB) and found that increasingly severe droughts and temperature driven reductions in growing season significantly reduces expected annual agricultural productivity.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s41467-020-17219-z\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/586929f2433dedec35b0b36a0c433e13cad31293\",\n \"result_position\": 21,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 195739189,\n \"title\": \"Global impacts of future cropland expansion and intensification on agricultural markets and biodiversity\",\n \"venue\": \"Nature Communications\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"F. Zabel\",\n \"R. Delzeit\",\n \"J. Schneider\",\n \"R. Seppelt\",\n \"W. Mauser\",\n \"T. Václavík\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"With rising demand for biomass, cropland expansion and intensification represent the main strategies to boost agricultural production, but are also major drivers of biodiversity decline. We investigate the consequences of attaining equal global production gains by 2030, either by cropland expansion or intensification, and analyse their impacts on agricultural markets and biodiversity. We find that both scenarios lead to lower crop prices across the world, even in regions where production decreases. Cropland expansion mostly affects biodiversity hotspots in Central and South America, while cropland intensification threatens biodiversity especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, India and China. Our results suggest that production gains will occur at the costs of biodiversity predominantly in developing tropical regions, while Europe and North America benefit from lower world market prices without putting their own biodiversity at risk. By identifying hotspots of potential future conflicts, we demonstrate where conservation prioritization is needed to balance agricultural production with conservation goals. The increase in needs for agricultural commodities is projected to outpace the growth of farmland production globally, leading to high pressure on farming systems in the next decades. Here, the authors investigate the future impact of cropland expansion and intensification on agricultural markets and biodiversity, and suggest the need for balancing agricultural production with conservation goals.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s41467-019-10775-z\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/73e51fa3a24484b97d618b147e3406aedc0b7d51\",\n \"result_position\": 22,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 234359855,\n \"title\": \"Agricultural subsidies and global greenhouse gas emissions\",\n \"venue\": \"Nature Communications\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"D. Laborde\",\n \"A. Mamun\",\n \"W. Martin\",\n \"Valeria Piñeiro\",\n \"R. Vos\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Agricultural production is strongly affected by and a major contributor to climate change. Agriculture and land-use change account for a quarter of total global emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG). Agriculture receives around US$600 billion per year worldwide in government support. No rigorous quantification of the impact of this support on GHG emissions has been available. This article helps fill the void. Here, we find that, while over the years the government support has incentivized the development of high-emission farming systems, at present, the support only has a small impact in terms of inducing additional global GHG emissions from agricultural production; partly because support is not systematically biased towards high-emission products, and partly because support generated by trade protection reduces demand for some high-emission products by raising their consumer prices. Substantially reducing GHG emissions from agriculture while safeguarding food security requires a more comprehensive revamping of existing support to agriculture and food consumption. Agricultural sectors receive US$600 billion per year in government support, providing incentives for GHG emission-intensive production. Here, the authors show that removing this support will not reduce global GHG emissions by much; rather it will need to be radically redirected to contribute to climate change mitigation.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s41467-021-22703-1\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/edf6f0c30229c305289852b8b8c18af6c76b90df\",\n \"result_position\": 23,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 221402839,\n \"title\": \"Societal benefits of halving agricultural ammonia emissions in China far exceed the abatement costs\",\n \"venue\": \"Nature Communications\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Xiuming Zhang\",\n \"Baojing Gu\",\n \"Hans J. M. van Grinsven\",\n \"S. Lam\",\n \"Xia Liang\",\n \"M. Bai\",\n \"Deli Chen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Mitigating agricultural ammonia (NH3) emissions in China is urgently needed to avoid further damage to human and ecosystem health. Effective and feasible mitigation strategies hinge on integrated knowledge of the mitigation potential of NH3 emissions and the associated economic costs and societal benefits. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of marginal abatement costs and societal benefits for NH3 mitigation in China. The technical mitigation potential of agricultural NH3 emissions is 38–67% (4.0–7.1 Tg N) with implementation costs estimated at US$ 6–11 billion. These costs are much lower than estimates of the overall societal benefits at US$ 18–42 billion. Avoiding unnecessary fertilizer use and protein-rich animal feed could provide 30% of this mitigation potential without additional abatement costs or decreases in agricultural productivity. Optimizing human diets with less animal-derived products offers further potential for NH3 reduction of 12% by 2050. Global largest agricultural ammonia (NH3) emissions in China have caused severe damage to both ecosystem and human health, yet no policy is formulated to reduce NH3 emissions. Here, the authors show that halving agricultural NH3 emissions with feasible technical mitigation options in China generates far more societal benefits than abatement costs.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s41467-020-18196-z\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5c9b1e02fcbfbec293407bbe2bcccf57fc149b2b\",\n \"result_position\": 24,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 49303605,\n \"title\": \"Policy distortions, farm size, and the overuse of agricultural chemicals in China\",\n \"venue\": \"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yiyun Wu\",\n \"Xican Xi\",\n \"Xin Tang\",\n \"D. Luo\",\n \"Baojing Gu\",\n \"S. Lam\",\n \"P. Vitousek\",\n \"Deli Chen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Significance Overuse of agricultural chemicals has resulted in enormous damages to environmental quality and human health in China. Reducing the use of agricultural chemicals to an optimal level is a crucial challenge for the sustainable development of agriculture. We demonstrate that small farm size (in China, typically ∼0.1 ha for each parcel) is strongly related to overuse of agricultural chemicals. Farm size increases with economic development in many other countries, but this is not observed in China due to national policies. Increasing farm size by removing policy distortions would substantially decrease both the use of agricultural chemicals and their environmental impact, while increasing rural income in China. Understanding the reasons for overuse of agricultural chemicals is critical to the sustainable development of Chinese agriculture. Using a nationally representative rural household survey from China, we found that farm size is a strong factor that affects the use intensity of agricultural chemicals across farms in China. Statistically, a 1% increase in farm size is associated with a 0.3% and 0.5% decrease in fertilizer and pesticide use per hectare (P < 0.001), respectively, and an almost 1% increase in agricultural labor productivity, while it only leads to a statistically insignificant 0.02% decrease in crop yields. The same pattern was also found using other independently collected data sources from China and an international panel analysis of 74 countries from the 1960s to the 2000s. While economic growth has been associated with increasing farm size in many other countries, in China this relationship has been distorted by land and migration policies, leading to the persistence of small farm size in China. Removing these distortions would decrease agricultural chemical use by 30–50% and the environmental impact of those chemicals by 50% while doubling the total income of all farmers including those who move to urban areas. Removing policy distortions is also likely to complement other remedies to the overuse problem, such as easing farmer’s access to modern technologies and knowledge, and improving environmental regulation and enforcement.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1073/pnas.1806645115\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c0ce44f1ce7ad4abd454151b0f9f46be176bc7a2\",\n \"result_position\": 25,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 58654296,\n \"title\": \"Socioecologically informed use of remote sensing data to predict rural household poverty\",\n \"venue\": \"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Gary R. Watmough\",\n \"C. Marcinko\",\n \"Clare C. Sullivan\",\n \"Kevin Tschirhart\",\n \"P. Mutuo\",\n \"C. Palm\",\n \"Jens‐Christian Svenning\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Significance Understanding relationships between poverty and environment is crucial for sustainable development and ecological conservation. Annual monitoring of socioeconomic changes using household surveys is prohibitively expensive. Here, we demonstrate that satellite data predicted the poorest households in a landscape in Kenya with 62% accuracy. A multilevel socioecological treatment of satellite data accounting for the complex ways in which households interact with the environment provided better prediction than the standard single-buffer approach. The increasing availability of high-resolution satellite data and volunteered geographic data means this method could be modified and upscaled in the future to help monitor the sustainable development goals. Tracking the progress of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and targeting interventions requires frequent, up-to-date data on social, economic, and ecosystem conditions. Monitoring socioeconomic targets using household survey data would require census enumeration combined with annual sample surveys on consumption and socioeconomic trends. Such surveys could cost up to $253 billion globally during the lifetime of the SDGs, almost double the global development assistance budget for 2013. We examine the role that satellite data could have in monitoring progress toward reducing poverty in rural areas by asking two questions: (i) Can household wealth be predicted from satellite data? (ii) Can a socioecologically informed multilevel treatment of the satellite data increase the ability to explain variance in household wealth? We found that satellite data explained up to 62% of the variation in household level wealth in a rural area of western Kenya when using a multilevel approach. This was a 10% increase compared with previously used single-level methods, which do not consider details of spatial landscape use. The size of buildings within a family compound (homestead), amount of bare agricultural land surrounding a homestead, amount of bare ground inside the homestead, and the length of growing season were important predictor variables. Our results show that a multilevel approach linking satellite and household data allows improved mapping of homestead characteristics, local land uses, and agricultural productivity, illustrating that satellite data can support the data revolution required for monitoring SDGs, especially those related to poverty and leaving no one behind.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1073/pnas.1812969116\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/477836a4a0823af7711e0d7ca8cada95d727e2a9\",\n \"result_position\": 26,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 57761488,\n \"title\": \"Small-scale urban agriculture results in high yields but requires judicious management of inputs to achieve sustainability\",\n \"venue\": \"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Robert McDougall\",\n \"P. Kristiansen\",\n \"Romina Rader\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Significance Growing food in cities for human consumption could be one means of increasing global food supply in the face of rising population growth and global food security concerns. While previous studies have shown that urban agricultural systems are productive, few studies provide yield figures that incorporate data on the inputs used to achieve the outputs. Across 13 urban community gardens, we show that yields were nearly twice the yield of typical Australian commercial vegetable farms. However, economic and emergy (embodied energy) analyses indicated they were relatively inefficient in their use of material and labor resources. Balancing the sustainability of urban food production with the cost of inputs is important to determine the trade-offs required to achieve high yields. A major challenge of the 21st century is to produce more food for a growing population without increasing humanity’s agricultural footprint. Urban food production may help to solve this challenge; however, little research has examined the productivity of urban farming systems. We investigated inputs and produce yields over a 1-y period in 13 small-scale organic farms and gardens in Sydney, Australia. We found mean yields to be 5.94 kg⋅m−2, around twice the yield of typical Australian commercial vegetable farms. While these systems used land efficiently, economic and emergy (embodied energy) analyses showed they were relatively inefficient in their use of material and labor resources. Benefit-to-cost ratios demonstrated that, on average, the gardens ran at a financial loss and emergy transformity was one to three orders of magnitude greater than many conventional rural farms. Only 14.66% of all inputs were considered “renewable,” resulting in a moderate mean environmental loading ratio (ELR) of 5.82, a value within the range of many conventional farming systems. However, when all nonrenewable inputs capable of being substituted with local renewable inputs were replaced in a hypothetical scenario, the ELR improved markedly to 1.32. These results show that urban agriculture can be highly productive; however, this productivity comes with many trade-offs, and care must be taken to ensure its sustainability.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1073/pnas.1809707115\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/19c963978b1813b1cc140886945bc901f36b9cae\",\n \"result_position\": 27,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 221305830,\n \"title\": \"Land use and climate change impacts on global soil erosion by water (2015-2070)\",\n \"venue\": \"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"P. Borrelli\",\n \"D. Robinson\",\n \"P. Panagos\",\n \"E. Lugato\",\n \"Jae-E. Yang\",\n \"C. Alewell\",\n \"David Wuepper\",\n \"L. Montanarella\",\n \"C. Ballabio\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Significance We use the latest projections of climate and land use change to assess potential global soil erosion rates by water to address policy questions; working toward the goals of the United Nations working groups under the Inter-Governmental Technical Panel on Soils of the Global Soil Partnership. This effort will enable policy makers to explore erosion extent, identify possible hotspots, and work with stakeholders to mitigate impacts. In addition, we provide insight into the potential mitigating effects attributable to conservation agriculture and the need for more effective policy instruments for soil protection. Scientifically, the modeling framework presented adopts a series of methodological advances and standardized data to communicate with adjacent disciplines and move toward robust, reproducible, and open data science. Soil erosion is a major global soil degradation threat to land, freshwater, and oceans. Wind and water are the major drivers, with water erosion over land being the focus of this work; excluding gullying and river bank erosion. Improving knowledge of the probable future rates of soil erosion, accelerated by human activity, is important both for policy makers engaged in land use decision-making and for earth-system modelers seeking to reduce uncertainty on global predictions. Here we predict future rates of erosion by modeling change in potential global soil erosion by water using three alternative (2.6, 4.5, and 8.5) Shared Socioeconomic Pathway and Representative Concentration Pathway (SSP-RCP) scenarios. Global predictions rely on a high spatial resolution Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE)-based semiempirical modeling approach (GloSEM). The baseline model (2015) predicts global potential soil erosion rates of 43−7+9.2 Pg yr−1, with current conservation agriculture (CA) practices estimated to reduce this by ∼5%. Our future scenarios suggest that socioeconomic developments impacting land use will either decrease (SSP1-RCP2.6–10%) or increase (SSP2-RCP4.5 +2%, SSP5-RCP8.5 +10%) water erosion by 2070. Climate projections, for all global dynamics scenarios, indicate a trend, moving toward a more vigorous hydrological cycle, which could increase global water erosion (+30 to +66%). Accepting some degrees of uncertainty, our findings provide insights into how possible future socioeconomic development will affect soil erosion by water using a globally consistent approach. This preliminary evidence seeks to inform efforts such as those of the United Nations to assess global soil erosion and inform decision makers developing national strategies for soil conservation.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1073/pnas.2001403117\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f3825704a563a3a7b2dcabe4835b1f95992e77bb\",\n \"result_position\": 28,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 212421440,\n \"title\": \"Climate adaptation by crop migration\",\n \"venue\": \"Nature Communications\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Lindsey L. Sloat\",\n \"Steven J. Davis\",\n \"J. Gerber\",\n \"F. Moore\",\n \"D. Ray\",\n \"P. West\",\n \"N. Mueller\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Many studies have estimated the adverse effects of climate change on crop yields, however, this literature almost universally assumes a constant geographic distribution of crops in the future. Movement of growing areas to limit exposure to adverse climate conditions has been discussed as a theoretical adaptive response but has not previously been quantified or demonstrated at a global scale. Here, we assess how changes in rainfed crop area have already mediated growing season temperature trends for rainfed maize, wheat, rice, and soybean using spatially-explicit climate and crop area data from 1973 to 2012. Our results suggest that the most damaging impacts of warming on rainfed maize, wheat, and rice have been substantially moderated by the migration of these crops over time and the expansion of irrigation. However, continued migration may incur substantial environmental costs and will depend on socio-economic and political factors in addition to land suitability and climate. Extreme high temperature events are increasing in frequency and severity, threatening the capacity for crops and farmers alike to adapt. Here Sloat and colleagues track the movement of cereal crops over the past 40 years, finding a global migration away from warming climates.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s41467-020-15076-4\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/910c5a583d7620d6dd46c08430a834200c1b26e1\",\n \"result_position\": 29,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 227039866,\n \"title\": \"Impacts of irrigated agriculture on food–energy–water–CO2 nexus across metacoupled systems\",\n \"venue\": \"Nature Communications\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Zhenci Xu\",\n \"Xiuzhi Chen\",\n \"Jianguo Liu\",\n \"Yu Zhang\",\n \"Sophia N. Chau\",\n \"N. Bhattarai\",\n \"Y. Wang\",\n \"Yingjie Li\",\n \"T. Connor\",\n \"Yunkai Li\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Irrigated agriculture has important implications for achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. However, there is a lack of systematic and quantitative analyses of its impacts on food–energy–water–CO2 nexus. Here we studied impacts of irrigated agriculture on food–energy–water–CO2 nexus across food sending systems (the North China Plain (NCP)), food receiving systems (the rest of China) and spillover systems (Hubei Province, affected by interactions between sending and receiving systems), using life cycle assessment, model scenarios, and the framework of metacoupling (socioeconomic-environmental interactions within and across borders). Results indicated that food supply from the NCP promoted food sustainability in the rest of China, but the NCP consumed over four times more water than its total annual renewable water, with large variations in food–energy–water–CO2 nexus across counties. Although Hubei Province was seldom directly involved in the food trade, it experienced substantial losses in water and land due to the construction of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project which aims to alleviate water shortages in the NCP. This study suggests the need to understand impacts of agriculture on food–energy–water–CO2 nexus in other parts of the world to achieve global sustainability. Local human activities can lead to cross-border environmental impacts through the food–energy–water–CO2 nexus. Here, the authors report wide variations in environmental impacts of irrigated agriculture across counties within the North China Plain under different environmental and socioeconomic scenarios.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s41467-020-19520-3\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/54ae502873dcb890335beff6889b48bddc7eba69\",\n \"result_position\": 30,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 155101550,\n \"title\": \"Key determinants of global land-use projections\",\n \"venue\": \"Nature Communications\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"E. Stehfest\",\n \"Willem-Jan van Zeist\",\n \"H. Valin\",\n \"P. Havlík\",\n \"A. Popp\",\n \"P. Kyle\",\n \"A. Tabeau\",\n \"D. Mason-D’Croz\",\n \"T. Hasegawa\",\n \"B. Bodirsky\",\n \"K. Calvin\",\n \"J. Doelman\",\n \"S. Fujimori\",\n \"Florian Humpenöder\",\n \"H. Lotze-Campen\",\n \"H. van Meijl\",\n \"K. Wiebe\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Land use is at the core of various sustainable development goals. Long-term climate foresight studies have structured their recent analyses around five socio-economic pathways (SSPs), with consistent storylines of future macroeconomic and societal developments; however, model quantification of these scenarios shows substantial heterogeneity in land-use projections. Here we build on a recently developed sensitivity approach to identify how future land use depends on six distinct socio-economic drivers (population, wealth, consumption preferences, agricultural productivity, land-use regulation, and trade) and their interactions. Spread across models arises mostly from diverging sensitivities to long-term drivers and from various representations of land-use regulation and trade, calling for reconciliation efforts and more empirical research. Most influential determinants for future cropland and pasture extent are population and agricultural efficiency. Furthermore, land-use regulation and consumption changes can play a key role in reducing both land use and food-security risks, and need to be central elements in sustainable development strategies. There lacks model comparison of global land use change projections. Here the authors explored how different long-term drivers determine land use and food availability projections and they showed that the key determinants population growth and improvements in agricultural efficiency.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s41467-019-09945-w\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/279cb19df71d1276f50209616854ce3841a75f86\",\n \"result_position\": 31,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 222299390,\n \"title\": \"A scoping review of interventions for crop postharvest loss reduction in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia\",\n \"venue\": \"Nature Sustainability\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"T. Stathers\",\n \"D. Holcroft\",\n \"L. Kitinoja\",\n \"B. Mvumi\",\n \"A. English\",\n \"O. Omotilewa\",\n \"Megan Kocher\",\n \"Jessica Ault\",\n \"M. Torero\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Reducing postharvest losses (PHLs) of food crops is a critical component of sustainably increasing agricultural productivity. Many PHL reduction interventions have been tested, but synthesized information to support evidence-based investments and policy is scarce. In this study, PHL reduction interventions for 22 crops across 57 countries in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia from the 1970s to 2019 were systematically reviewed. Screening of the 12,907 studies identified resulted in a collection of 334 studies, which were used to synthesize the evidence and construct an online open-access database, searchable by crop, country, postharvest activity and intervention type. Storage technology interventions mainly targeting farmers dominated (83% of the studies). Maize was the most studied crop (25%). India had the most studies (32%), while 25 countries had no studies. This analysis indicates an urgent need for a systematic assessment of interventions across the entire value chain over multiple seasons and sites, targeting stakeholders beyond farmers. The lack of studies on training, finance, infrastructure, policy and market interventions highlights the need for interventions beyond technologies or handling practice changes. Additionally, more studies are needed connecting the impact of PHL reductions to social, economic and environmental outcomes related to Sustainable Development Goals. This analysis provides decision makers with data for informed policy formulation and prioritization of investments in PHL reduction. Reducing postharvest crop losses is vital to sustainably increase agricultural productivity. This analysis reveals a need for systematic assessment of postharvest loss reduction interventions across the value chain, targeting stakeholders beyond farmers, and for a more diverse range of food crops, to shape future policy decisions.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s41893-020-00622-1\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/75fc66be6d0b37712da6ae0a36ec79f34d479a13\",\n \"result_position\": 32,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 58950641,\n \"title\": \"Voluntary sustainability standards could significantly reduce detrimental impacts of global agriculture\",\n \"venue\": \"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"William Smith\",\n \"E. Nelson\",\n \"Justin A. Johnson\",\n \"Stephen Polasky\",\n \"J. Milder\",\n \"James S Gerber\",\n \"Paul C. West\",\n \"S. Siebert\",\n \"K. Brauman\",\n \"Kimberly M. Carlson\",\n \"M. Arbuthnot\",\n \"J. Rozza\",\n \"D. Pennington\",\n \"D. Pennington\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Significance Voluntary sustainability standards (VSS) may be an effective way to reduce the negative impacts of agriculture at regional to global scales. Here, we present an approach that highlights the potential of VSS to reduce some of the negative externalities associated with agriculture production. To illustrate this potential, we show that VSS could reduce the global environmental impacts from growing sugarcane. Further, most of this environmental benefit comes from targeting just 10% of production area. To realize these environmental gains, incentives for VSS adoption need to be sufficient to cover the costs of criteria compliance. Determining these costs and public and private-sector mechanisms for efficiently transferring VSS-adoption subsidies to farmers and millers are key future research needs. Voluntary sustainability standards (VSS) are stakeholder-derived principles with measurable and enforceable criteria to promote sustainable production outcomes. While institutional commitments to use VSS to meet sustainable procurement policies have grown rapidly over the past decade, we still have relatively little understanding of the (i) direct environmental benefits of large-scale VSS adoption; (ii) potential perverse indirect impacts of adoption; and (iii) implementation pathways. Here, we illustrate and address these knowledge gaps using an ecosystem service modeling and scenario analysis of Bonsucro, the leading VSS for sugarcane. We find that global compliance with the Bonsucro environmental standards would reduce current sugarcane production area (−24%), net tonnage (−11%), irrigation water use (−65%), nutrient loading (−34%), and greenhouse gas emissions from cultivation (−51%). Under a scenario of doubled global sugarcane production, Bonsucro adoption would further limit water use and greenhouse gas emissions by preventing sugarcane expansion into water-stressed and high-carbon stock ecosystems. This outcome was achieved via expansion largely on existing agricultural lands. However, displacement of other crops could drive detrimental impacts from indirect land use. We find that over half of the potential direct environmental benefits of Bonsucro standards under the doubling scenario could be achieved by targeting adoption in just 10% of global sugarcane production areas. However, designing policy that generates the most environmentally beneficial Bonsucro adoption pathway requires a better understanding of the economic and social costs of VSS adoption. Finally, we suggest research directions to advance sustainable consumption and production.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1073/pnas.1707812116\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3cd211025ea8a225a2c6be437e9458969e1d5858\",\n \"result_position\": 33,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 51908326,\n \"title\": \"Crop pests and predators exhibit inconsistent responses to surrounding landscape composition\",\n \"venue\": \"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"D. Karp\",\n \"R. Chaplin‐Kramer\",\n \"T. Meehan\",\n \"Emily A. Martin\",\n \"F. DeClerck\",\n \"H. Grab\",\n \"C. Gratton\",\n \"Lauren Hunt\",\n \"A. Larsen\",\n \"A. Martínez-Salinas\",\n \"M. O'Rourke\",\n \"A. Rusch\",\n \"K. Poveda\",\n \"M. Jonsson\",\n \"J. Rosenheim\",\n \"N. Schellhorn\",\n \"T. Tscharntke\",\n \"S. Wratten\",\n \"Wei Zhang\",\n \"Aaron L. Iverson\",\n \"L. S. Adler\",\n \"M. Albrecht\",\n \"A. Alignier\",\n \"G. Angelella\",\n \"Muhammad Zubair Anjum\",\n \"J. Avelino\",\n \"P. Batáry\",\n \"J. M. Baveco\",\n \"F. Bianchi\",\n \"K. Birkhofer\",\n \"E. Bohnenblust\",\n \"R. Bommarco\",\n \"M. Brewer\",\n \"B. Caballero‐López\",\n \"Y. Carrière\",\n \"L. Carvalheiro\",\n \"L. Cayuela\",\n \"Mary Centrella\",\n \"A. Ćetković\",\n \"D. Henri\",\n \"Ariane Chabert\",\n \"A. Costamagna\",\n \"A. de la Mora\",\n \"J. de Kraker\",\n \"N. Desneux\",\n \"E. Diehl\",\n \"T. Diekötter\",\n \"C. Dormann\",\n \"James O. Eckberg\",\n \"M. Entling\",\n \"D. Fiedler\",\n \"P. Franck\",\n \"F. J. Frank van Veen\",\n \"T. Frank\",\n \"V. Gagic\",\n \"M. Garratt\",\n \"A. Getachew\",\n \"D. Gonthier\",\n \"P. Goodell\",\n \"Ignazio Graziosi\",\n \"R. Groves\",\n \"G. Gurr\",\n \"Zachary Hajian‐Forooshani\",\n \"G. Heimpel\",\n \"J. Herrmann\",\n \"A. Huseth\",\n \"Diego J. Inclán\",\n \"A. Ingrao\",\n \"P. Iv\",\n \"K. Jacot\",\n \"G. Johnson\",\n \"Laura Jones\",\n \"Marina Kaiser\",\n \"J. M. Kaser\",\n \"T. Keasar\",\n \"Tania N. Kim\",\n \"Miriam Kishinevsky\",\n \"D. Landis\",\n \"B. Lavandero\",\n \"C. Lavigne\",\n \"A. Le Ralec\",\n \"D. Lemessa\",\n \"D. Letourneau\",\n \"H. Liere\",\n \"Yanhui Lu\",\n \"Y. Lubin\",\n \"T. Luttermoser\",\n \"B. Maas\",\n \"Kevi Mace\",\n \"F. Madeira\",\n \"V. Mader\",\n \"A. Cortesero\",\n \"L. Marini\",\n \"Eliana Martinez\",\n \"Holly Martinson\",\n \"P. Menozzi\",\n \"M. Mitchell\",\n \"T. Miyashita\",\n \"Gonzalo A. R. Molina\",\n \"M. Molina‐Montenegro\",\n \"M. O'Neal\",\n \"Itai Opatovsky\",\n \"S. Ortiz-Martinez\",\n \"Michael Nash\",\n \"Ö. Östman\",\n \"A. Ouin\",\n \"D. Pak\",\n \"D. Paredes\",\n \"Soroush Parsa\",\n \"Hazel R. Parry\",\n \"R. Perez-Alvarez\",\n \"D. Perović\",\n \"J. Peterson\",\n \"S. Petit\",\n \"S. Philpott\",\n \"M. Plantegenest\",\n \"M. Plecas\",\n \"Therese Pluess\",\n \"X. Pons\",\n \"S. Potts\",\n \"R. Pywell\",\n \"D. Ragsdale\",\n \"T. Rand\",\n \"L. Raymond\",\n \"B. Ricci\",\n \"Chris Sargent\",\n \"J. Sarthou\",\n \"Julia Saulais\",\n \"Jessica Schäckermann\",\n \"N. Schmidt\",\n \"Gudrun Schneider\",\n \"Christof Schüepp\",\n \"Frances S. Sivakoff\",\n \"Henrik G. Smith\",\n \"Kaitlin Stack Whitney\",\n \"S. Stutz\",\n \"Z. Szendrei\",\n \"M. Takada\",\n \"Hisatomo Taki\",\n \"Giovanni Tamburini\",\n \"L. Thomson\",\n \"Y. Tricault\",\n \"Noelline Tsafack\",\n \"Matthias Tschumi\",\n \"M. Valantin-Morison\",\n \"Mai Van Trinh\",\n \"W. van der Werf\",\n \"K. Vierling\",\n \"B. Werling\",\n \"Jennifer B. Wickens\",\n \"Victoria J. Wickens\",\n \"B. Woodcock\",\n \"K. Wyckhuys\",\n \"Haijun Xiao\",\n \"Mika Yasuda\",\n \"A. Yoshioka\",\n \"Y. Zou\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Significance Decades of research have fostered the now-prevalent assumption that noncrop habitat facilitates better pest suppression by providing shelter and food resources to the predators and parasitoids of crop pests. Based on our analysis of the largest pest-control database of its kind, noncrop habitat surrounding farm fields does affect multiple dimensions of pest control, but the actual responses of pests and enemies are highly variable across geographies and cropping systems. Because noncrop habitat often does not enhance biological control, more information about local farming contexts is needed before habitat conservation can be recommended as a viable pest-suppression strategy. Consequently, when pest control does not benefit from noncrop vegetation, farms will need to be carefully comanaged for competing conservation and production objectives. The idea that noncrop habitat enhances pest control and represents a win–win opportunity to conserve biodiversity and bolster yields has emerged as an agroecological paradigm. However, while noncrop habitat in landscapes surrounding farms sometimes benefits pest predators, natural enemy responses remain heterogeneous across studies and effects on pests are inconclusive. The observed heterogeneity in species responses to noncrop habitat may be biological in origin or could result from variation in how habitat and biocontrol are measured. Here, we use a pest-control database encompassing 132 studies and 6,759 sites worldwide to model natural enemy and pest abundances, predation rates, and crop damage as a function of landscape composition. Our results showed that although landscape composition explained significant variation within studies, pest and enemy abundances, predation rates, crop damage, and yields each exhibited different responses across studies, sometimes increasing and sometimes decreasing in landscapes with more noncrop habitat but overall showing no consistent trend. Thus, models that used landscape-composition variables to predict pest-control dynamics demonstrated little potential to explain variation across studies, though prediction did improve when comparing studies with similar crop and landscape features. Overall, our work shows that surrounding noncrop habitat does not consistently improve pest management, meaning habitat conservation may bolster production in some systems and depress yields in others. Future efforts to develop tools that inform farmers when habitat conservation truly represents a win–win would benefit from increased understanding of how landscape effects are modulated by local farm management and the biology of pests and their enemies.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1073/pnas.1800042115\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bcafe758ec3d995add8c0f7a5383c8490aca0e84\",\n \"result_position\": 34,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 205560480,\n \"title\": \"A global meta-analysis of yield stability in organic and conservation agriculture\",\n \"venue\": \"Nature Communications\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"S. Knapp\",\n \"M. V. D. van der Heijden\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"One of the primary challenges of our time is to enhance global food production and security. Most assessments in agricultural systems focus on plant yield. Yet, these analyses neglect temporal yield stability, or the variability and reliability of production across years. Here we perform a meta-analysis to assess temporal yield stability of three major cropping systems: organic agriculture and conservation agriculture (no-tillage) vs. conventional agriculture, comparing 193 studies based on 2896 comparisons. Organic agriculture has, per unit yield, a significantly lower temporal stability (−15%) compared to conventional agriculture. Thus, although organic farming promotes biodiversity and is generally more environmentally friendly, future efforts should focus on reducing its yield variability. Our analysis further indicates that the use of green manure and enhanced fertilisation can reduce the yield stability gap between organic and conventional agriculture. The temporal stability (−3%) of no-tillage does not differ significantly from those of conventional tillage indicating that a transition to no-tillage does not affect yield stability. Yields vary between different cropping systems, though their temporal stability has not been quantified. Here, Knapp and van der Heijden present a meta-analysis showing that yields in organic agriculture have, per unit food produced, a lower temporal stability.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s41467-018-05956-1\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bd2d1862e6bc1f29ff9354398f10b079afb9b2f5\",\n \"result_position\": 35,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 53711969,\n \"title\": \"Air quality co-benefits for human health and agriculture counterbalance costs to meet Paris Agreement pledges\",\n \"venue\": \"Nature Communications\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Toon Vandyck\",\n \"K. Keramidas\",\n \"A. Kitous\",\n \"J. Spadaro\",\n \"R. Van Dingenen\",\n \"M. Holland\",\n \"B. Saveyn\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Local air quality co-benefits can provide complementary support for ambitious climate action and can enable progress on related Sustainable Development Goals. Here we show that the transformation of the energy system implied by the emission reduction pledges brought forward in the context of the Paris Agreement on climate change (Nationally Determined Contributions or NDCs) substantially reduces local air pollution across the globe. The NDCs could avoid between 71 and 99 thousand premature deaths annually in 2030 compared to a reference case, depending on the stringency of direct air pollution controls. A more ambitious 2 °C-compatible pathway raises the number of avoided premature deaths from air pollution to 178–346 thousand annually in 2030, and up to 0.7–1.5 million in the year 2050. Air quality co-benefits on morbidity, mortality, and agriculture could globally offset the costs of climate policy. An integrated policy perspective is needed to maximise benefits for climate and health. Local air quality co-benefits can provide convincing support for climate action. Here the authors revisited air quality co-benefits of climate action in the context of NDCs and found that 71–99 thousand premature deaths can be avoided each year by 2030, offsetting the climate mitigation costs on a global level.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s41467-018-06885-9\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/db2ac8ce58c17f9b3818e4fb040900cdb16801d4\",\n \"result_position\": 36,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 220923107,\n \"title\": \"Global relationships between crop diversity and nutritional stability\",\n \"venue\": \"Nature Communications\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"C. Nicholson\",\n \"B. Emery\",\n \"M. Niles\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Nutritional stability – a food system’s capacity to provide sufficient nutrients despite disturbance – is an important, yet challenging to measure outcome of diversified agriculture. Using 55 years of data across 184 countries, we assemble 22,000 bipartite crop-nutrient networks to quantify nutritional stability by simulating crop and nutrient loss in a country, and assess its relationship to crop diversity across regions, over time and between imports versus in country production. We find a positive, saturating relationship between crop diversity and nutritional stability across countries, but also show that over time nutritional stability remained stagnant or decreased in all regions except Asia. These results are attributable to diminishing returns on crop diversity, with recent gains in crop diversity among crops with fewer nutrients, or with nutrients already in a country’s food system. Finally, imports are positively associated with crop diversity and nutritional stability, indicating that many countries’ nutritional stability is market exposed. Crop diversification could be important for food security. Here, using methods from network science, the authors find that a positive relationship between crop diversity and nutritional stability globally does not necessarily equate to improving nutritional stability in a given country.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s41467-021-25615-2\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b52214c55a9cd1b2eb6d19d613f9849ecbae4acc\",\n \"result_position\": 37,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 73469038,\n \"title\": \"Aligning research with policy and practice for sustainable agricultural land systems in Europe\",\n \"venue\": \"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Murray W. Scown\",\n \"K. Winkler\",\n \"K. Nicholas\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Significance Research, policy, and practice should be integrated to understand, guide, and implement the changes necessary to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, from an analysis of research literature, policy indicators, and assessment tools for agriculture in Europe, we find that more than half of the 239 variables identified are currently used by only one of these perspectives. We identify a limited set of 32 variables that all three perspectives share and suggest these can be a starting point for designing future research to more comprehensively analyze trade-offs and identify opportunities for achieving the SDGs. Our method for assessing differences among perspectives in research, policy, and practice is a way to balance and implement sustainability goals for sectors and regions. Agriculture is widely recognized as critical to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), but researchers, policymakers, and practitioners have multiple, often conflicting yet poorly documented priorities on how agriculture could or should support achieving the SDGs. Here, we assess consensus and divergence in priorities for agricultural systems among research, policy, and practice perspectives and discuss the implications for research on trade-offs among competing goals. We analyzed the priorities given to 239 environmental and social drivers, management choices, and outcomes of agricultural systems from 69 research articles, the SDGs and four EU policies, and seven agricultural sustainability assessment tools aimed at farmers. We found all three perspectives recognize 32 variables as key to agricultural systems, providing a shared area of focus for agriculture’s contribution to the SDGs. However, 207 variables appear in only one or two perspectives, implying that potential trade-offs may be overlooked if evaluated from only one perspective. We identified four approaches to agricultural land systems research in Europe that omit most of the variables considered important from policy and practice perspectives. We posit that the four approaches reflect prevailing paradigms of research design and data analysis and suggest future research design should consider including the 32 shared variables as a starting point for more policy- and practice-relevant research. Our identification of shared priorities from different perspectives and attention to environmental and social domains and the functional role of system components provide a concrete basis to encourage codesigned and systems-based research approaches to guide agriculture’s contribution to the SDGs.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1073/pnas.1812100116\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6110a5cd2603673054f309d0644df998a293fdbe\",\n \"result_position\": 38,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 202673772,\n \"title\": \"Elevated mutation and selection in wild emmer wheat in response to 28 years of global warming\",\n \"venue\": \"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yong‐Bi Fu\",\n \"G. W. Peterson\",\n \"Carolee Horbach\",\n \"D. Konkin\",\n \"A. Beiles\",\n \"E. Nevo\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Significance The realized threats of global warming to biodiversity have catalyzed the search for a solution to protect and conserve extant plant genetic resources. Part of the solution, however, is dependent on the knowledge of how plant populations respond genetically to these threats, which is largely lacking. We conducted a unique genomic characterization of genetic responses in 10 wild emmer wheat populations in Israel that were sampled twice in 1980 and 2008. After the 28 y of global warming, these populations displayed elevated selection, reduced diversity and temporal divergence, and carried increased mutational burdens forward. However, some populations still showed the ability to acquire beneficial alleles for future adaptation. The patterns of genetic response to rainfall and temperature were complex. Global warming has been documented to threaten wild plants with strong selection pressures, but how plant populations respond genetically to the threats remains poorly understood. We characterized the genetic responses of 10 wild emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccoides Koern.; WEW) populations in Israel, sampling them in 1980 and again in 2008, through an exome capture analysis. It was found that these WEW populations were under elevated selection, displayed reduced diversity and temporal divergence, and carried increased mutational burdens forward. However, some populations still showed the ability to acquire beneficial alleles via selection or de novo mutation for future adaptation. Grouping populations with mean annual rainfall and temperature revealed significant differences in most of the 14 genetic estimates in either sampling year or over the 28 y. The patterns of genetic response to rainfall and temperature varied and were complex. In general, temperature groups displayed more temporal differences in genetic response than rainfall groups. The highest temperature group had more deleterious single nucleotide polymorphisms (dSNPs), higher nucleotide diversity, fewer selective sweeps, lower differentiation, and lower mutational burden. The least rainfall group had more dSNPs, higher nucleotide diversity, lower differentiation and higher mutational burden. These characterized genetic responses are significant, allowing not only for better understanding of evolutionary changes in the threatened populations, but also for realistic modeling of plant population adaptability and vulnerability to global warming.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1073/pnas.1909564116\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a62753d6c264a5bff0cc1793645258d4d1ba970a\",\n \"result_position\": 39,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 7842823,\n \"title\": \"Preservation of the genetic diversity of a local common carp in the agricultural heritage rice–fish system\",\n \"venue\": \"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Weizheng Ren\",\n \"Liangliang Hu\",\n \"Liang-dong Guo\",\n \"Jian Zhang\",\n \"Lu Tang\",\n \"Entao Zhang\",\n \"Jiaen Zhang\",\n \"S. Luo\",\n \"Jianjun Tang\",\n \"Xin Chen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Significance This paper contributes to understanding how traditional agriculture can maintain large genetic diversity. We quantify the effects of traditional farmer activities on the genetic diversity of an indigenous common carp in the 1,200-y-old agriculture heritage rice−fish system. We show that small farmer households interdependently incubating fish fry for their rice−fish farming shape the genetic pattern and help to maintain high genetic diversity of this local common carp. We also show how the traditional practice of mixed culturing of diverse color types potentially promotes genetic diversity. We suggest that the locally adapted ways of traditional farmers obtaining and using local genetic resources for their farming play an important role in the biodiversity of farmed crops and animals. It can become a “hotspot” for genetic diversity conservation in agriculture. We examined how traditional farmers preserve the genetic diversity of a local common carp (Cyprinus carpio), which is locally referred to as “paddy field carp” (PF-carp), in a “globally important agricultural heritage system” (GIAHS), i.e., the 1,200-y-old rice–fish coculture system in Zhejiang Province, China. Our molecular and morphological analysis showed that the PF-carp has changed into a distinct local population with higher genetic diversity and diverse color types. Within this GIAHS region, PF-carps exist as a continuous metapopulation, although three genetic groups could be identified by microsatellite markers. Thousands of small farmer households interdependently obtained fry and parental carps for their own rice–fish production, resulting in a high gene flow and large numbers of parent carps distributing in a mosaic pattern in the region. Landscape genetic analysis indicated that farmers’ connectivity was one of the major factors that shaped this genetic pattern. Population viability analysis further revealed that the numbers of these interconnected small farmer households and their connection intensity affect the carps’ inherent genetic diversity. The practice of mixed culturing of carps with diverse color types helped to preserve a wide range of genetic resources in the paddy field. This widespread traditional practice increases fish yield and resource use, which, in return, encourages famers to continue their practice of selecting and conserving diverse color types of PF-carp. Our results suggested that traditional farmers secure the genetic diversity of PF-carp and its viability over generations in this region through interdependently incubating and mixed-culturing practices within the rice−fish system.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1073/pnas.1709582115\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4f0ad64c0e801f07a38f4eb735e5e1e23c440381\",\n \"result_position\": 40,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 226369805,\n \"title\": \"A systematic review of employment outcomes from youth skills training programmes in agriculture in low- and middle-income countries\",\n \"venue\": \"Nature Food\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"W. H. E. Maïga\",\n \"Mohamed Porgo\",\n \"Pam Zahonogo\",\n \"Cocou Jaurès Amegnaglo\",\n \"Doubahan Adeline Coulibaly\",\n \"Justin Flynn\",\n \"Windinkonté Séogo\",\n \"S. Traore\",\n \"J. Kelly\",\n \"G. Chimwaza\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Engagement of youth in agriculture in low- and middle-income countries may offer opportunities to curb underemployment, urban migration, disillusionment of youth and social unrest, as well as to lift individuals and communities from poverty and hunger. Lack of education or skills training has been cited as a challenge to engage youth in the sector. Here we systematically interrogate the literature for the evaluation of skills training programmes for youth in low- and middle-income countries. Sixteen studies—nine quantitative, four qualitative and three mixed methods—from the research and grey literature documented the effects of programmes on outcomes relating to youth engagement, including job creation, income, productivity and entrepreneurship in agriculture. Although we find that skills training programmes report positive effects on our chosen outcomes, like previous systematic reviews we find the topic to chronically lack evaluation. Given the interest that donors and policymakers have in youth engagement in agriculture, our systematic review uncovers a gap in the knowledge of their effectiveness. Youth engagement in agriculture in low- and middle-income countries offers social and economic opportunities, and supports food security. Agriculture skills training is key for youth engagement, yet programmes are not well evaluated for effectiveness in employment outcomes.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s43016-020-00172-x\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f384a94e596ddc5fb0c03cf6e56f3e6a13b1703c\",\n \"result_position\": 41,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 208171816,\n \"title\": \"Reviewers ' comments : Reviewer # 3 ( Remarks to the Author ) :\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/89e62f29128cb96823f9d5fc6ce1630d1affbf5a\",\n \"result_position\": 42,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":68,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"Find two academic articles published in Protestant theological journals since 2017 that analyze Protestant responses to Roman Catholic ecumenical initiatives. Focus on evangelical or mainline Protestant reflections, including theological critiques or collaborations."},"query_timestamp":{"kind":"string","value":"2025-07-02T22:19:50.111588+00:00"},"thread_id":{"kind":"string","value":"85305f109546b1fc2896f200418d774b38d412fe0d5c5d7d56a81e08ffb32ecf"},"num_shown":{"kind":"number","value":53,"string":"53"},"num_clicked":{"kind":"number","value":2,"string":"2"},"has_clicks":{"kind":"bool","value":true,"string":"true"},"shown_papers":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"corpus_id":270468781,"title":"Receiving Each Other's Gifts","venue":"","year":2024,"authors":["Dorothea Sattler","Friederike Nüssel"],"abstract":"Using the example of the Lord's Supper and the eucharist, this article seeks to show the conditions which make a common liturgical celebration a gift of God to the community of believers in Jesus Christ. The form chosen is a dialogue between two theologians, both members of the German “Ecumenical Study Group of Protestant and Catholic Theologians”: Friederike Nüssel (Protestant, Heidelberg) and Dorothea Sattler (Roman Catholic, Münster). The focus is the group’s study “Together at the Lord's Table.” Based on extensive research the study group has formulated the vote to be invited to join in the celebration of the eucharist and the Lord's Supper, trusting in the self-giving presence of Jesus Christ. Ecumenical sensitivity in the shaping of liturgies is an obvious consequence. Individual confessional traditions have preserved an asset that others today can experience as a gift in the form of a reminder of the common origin: the celebration with shared bread and the chalice offered to all (in the background is the controversy over the lay chalice), the binding lectionaries and the remembrance of the dead. The criticism of the vote of the Ecumenical Study Group, especially from the Roman Catholic doctrinal side, primarily relates to the topics of ministry and understanding of the church. The Ecumenical Study Group advocates that eucharistic celebrations be led by duly ordained persons. The contribution is framed by introductory remarks on basic questions of ecumenical hermeneutics and by an outlook on the great importance of interdisciplinary theological study work from an ecumenical perspective.","doi":"10.1177/00393207231226076","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e84072dd3fc37c7d3e95832b4f021f049f3a8b12","result_position":0,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":247181895,"title":"Evangelicals and the Evangel","venue":"VERBUM CHRISTI: JURNAL TEOLOGI REFORMED INJILI","year":2022,"authors":["M. Horton"],"abstract":"In this article, the author argues on the importance of the Reformation. Despite over 500 years has passed since the reformation, the roman catholic church has not moved towards the true understanding of the gospel, in terms of justification as being declared right. Furthermore, in the author's context of American Evangelism, pelagianism seems taking over the mindset of the biblically illiterate. The preaching of the evangel that justifies the ungodly must be the call of the day.","doi":"10.51688/vc8.2.2021.art1","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/071a350c544a19085210f91721d4b6fbcfd70922","result_position":1,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":273034035,"title":"Mariology in the Documents of Ecumenical Dialogue and Christian Unity","venue":"Verbum Vitae","year":2024,"authors":["A. Napiórkowski"],"abstract":"Ecumenical dialogues that seek to bring all followers of Christ closer to unity face many difficulties. One of them is the wrong understanding of ecumenism (doctrinal, spiritual and practical). Also an obstacle is the lack of distinction between the unity of Christians and the unity of the Churches. This article undertakes the presentation of another such difficulty in the path of Christian unity, which is the Mariological (doctrinal) and Marian (worship/devotion) issues. Ecumenical meetings, therefore, do not avoid such difficult topics concerning the Mother of the Lord, such as her virginity, Immaculate Conception, Assumption or her role as Mother of the Church. Many Christian traditions have different interpretations of these truths. Catholic and Orthodox communities even consider them an inalienable part of their spiritual heritage, while most Protestant communities have a more nuanced approach and do not accept these truths as binding, but reject them. A compilation of the documents to date relating to the Mother of God proves to be a big, positive surprise. Of course, these are writings of varying degrees of validity, as they come as much from international mixed official commissions as from national bilateral bodies or local debates. Nevertheless, both their prominence and impact, as well as their quantity, make it clear that the person and action of the Mother of Jesus nevertheless animates and strengthens the difficult rapprochement of the followers of her Divine Son.","doi":"10.31743/vv.16739","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9dd0a6d465b93e0d71f9d12524f41eb7ae697ce1","result_position":2,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":264821952,"title":"The Scottish Presbyterian Defence of British Protestantism: The Scottish Reformation Society and the “Papal Aggression”, 1850–52","venue":"Journal of Religious History","year":2022,"authors":["Ryan Mallon"],"abstract":"This article is a study of the Edinburgh-based anti-Catholic organisation, the Scottish Reformation Society, in the immediate aftermath of the 1850 restoration of the Roman Catholic hierarchy in England and Wales, commonly known at the time as the papal aggression . The papal aggression sent shockwaves throughout England and was viewed by Protestants as an illegal attempt to overthrow Britain ’ s civil and religious liberties by Pope Pius IX. Despite in practice only affecting England, the restoration also had a dramatic impact in Scotland, resulting in thousands of parlia-mentary petitions and sporadic bouts of communal violence. The Scottish Reforma-tion Society, led by the controversial Free Church of Scotland minister James Begg, was at the forefront of this Scottish Protestant response. The society was dominated by Scotland ’ s Presbyterian dissenters, particularly members of the estab-lishmentarian Free Church. The Free Church had formed out of the 1843 Disruption in the Established Church of Scotland, a momentous politico-ecclesiastical event which highlighted divisions between the British state and its Scottish church, the national kirk and dissent, and pro-establishment and voluntary ecclesiologies. By focusing on the in fl uence of a major Scottish anti-Catholic society during a turbulent period for British Protestantism, this article examines the gulf between the rhetoric of national Protestant unity and the reality of national, ideological, and denominational divisions within mid-nineteenth century Protestantism in the United Kingdom. It builds on existing research to highlight the various ways in which the anti-Catholic movement was fractured on denominational lines and re fl ected the wider tensions of Scottish ecclesiastical politics in the years after the Disruption.","doi":"10.1111/1467-9809.12820","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/67847708e4fccf0145f21a6d03beb5257242390f","result_position":3,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":245029586,"title":"The distanced closeness. The model of ecumenical relations between Catholics and Protestants – sociological contexts","venue":"Studia Oecumenica","year":2021,"authors":["Wojciech Klimski"],"abstract":"The article deals with the nature of ecumenical relations between Catholics and Protestants. In order to grasp their specificity, they are compared with everyday relations which are not focused on building religious unity between these Christians. This analysis served to reconstruct the model of ecumenism presented on the websites of Catholic weeklies. Additionally, a reflection has been undertaken on the possibility of supporting the ecumenical movement by these services. The analysis is conducted in the sociological perspective on the basis of empirical studies of the content of the Internet services of the Catholic weekly magazines “Gość Niedzielny” and “Niedziela”. Content analysis was applied as a research method, and the texts dedicated to the 500th anniversary of the Reformation were studied. This selection of empirical material resulted from the fact that ecumenical themes are rarely taken up in the Catholic press, and the jubilee caused greater interest in them. The sources used were also found research on interfaith relations. The analysis shows that relations between Catholics and Protestants are close and characterised by openness, but they are also marked by distance and remembrance of a difficult history. Moreover, the model of ecumenism promoted by the websites is superficial and concentrates, among other things, on its practical aspect at the expense of its spiritual and theological dimension. The websites of Catholic weekly newspapers, on the other hand, face a hitherto untapped opportunity to support the ecumenical movement.","doi":"10.25167/so.3933","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b240966099c3c15c1a50fe372abe3975c439db7f","result_position":4,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":225770528,"title":"Seeking Solidarity between Protestant and Catholic Churches for Social Justice in Korea: The Case of the Korea Christian Action Organization for Urban Industrial Mission (Saseon) (1976–1989)","venue":"Religions","year":2020,"authors":["Mina Kim"],"abstract":"The Korea Christian Action Organization for Urban Industrial Mission (Hanguk-gyohoe-sahoeseongyo-hyeubuihoe (Saseon)) was an organization which devoted itself not only to the Korean democratization movement against the military dictatorship, but also to the movement for the improvement of the quality of life of laborers, farmers, and the urban poor from 1976 to 1989. Saseon, a joint organization of Protestants and Catholics, trained activists dedicated to democratization and the people’s right to life movements. The Protestants and Catholics of Saseon believed that participation in social movements was missionary work building the Kingdom of God on Earth, and that they could set a good example of solidarity with a common goal of social justice and a mission for the poor which transcended their theological differences. This paper will illuminate the cooperation between Korean Protestant and Catholic churches toward the common goal of social justice, focusing on the case of Saseon.","doi":"10.3390/rel11060278","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fea600200d67b5b8f90e5e3c856bd200d6845bad","result_position":5,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":261330506,"title":"Sharing the Eucharist? Critical Comments from a Canonical Perspective on the Statement “Together at the Lord’s Table” (2019) of the Ecumenical Study Group of Protestant and Catholic Theologians","venue":"Ecumeny and Law","year":2022,"authors":["J. Dvořáček"],"abstract":"The following article analyses the statement of the Ecumenical Study Group of Protestant and Catholic Theologians entitled “Together at the Lord’s Table” (2019) from the perspective of canon law of the Latin Church. First, it briefly presents the content of the statement, then it summarises the opinion of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. The article shows that the alternate participation in the Protestant and Catholic service of celebrating the Lord’s Supper / Eucharist by virtue of baptism alone is problematic from the perspective of Catholic canon law. Canon law builds on Catholic ecclesiology and sacramentology, based on the connection between baptism and the Church as well as the Church, the ministerial priesthood, and the celebration of the Eucharist. The article, then, shows the instruments of canon law for the protection of the Catholic faith regarding the apostolic succession as the only valid condition for presiding over the Eucharistic community and the Eucharist as the substantial presence of Christ. In the final chapter, the implications of participation in ecumenical worship for the Catholic faithful will be summarised. The participation of Protestants in Catholic worship, as proposed by the Statement, is not explicitly regulated by canon law. The CIC, in Canon 844 § 4, lays down only the conditions under which Protestants may licitly receive selected sacraments (the Eucharist, the anointing of the sick and the sacrament of penance), while for a valid reception of the Eucharist their baptism alone enables them.","doi":"10.31261/eal.2022.10.2.05","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6950f1b1fc4a0897017e3eeb2d139dbcd24f2f7c","result_position":6,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":268900076,"title":"Ecumeny at a Crossroads: Toward Unity or Community?","venue":"Religions","year":2024,"authors":["Rajmund Porada"],"abstract":"This article addresses determinants of the ecumenical impetus’ weakening in the second half of the twentieth century. This situation invokes a key question about the purpose of the ecumenical journey. Despite the complexity and multiplicity of problems dividing the Churches, it was acknowledged that the main reason for stagnation was differences in understanding the Church. The Dominus Iesus declaration represented a kind of caesura, one marking a divergence in the aims of the ecumenical path, especially in Catholic–Protestant relations. Since then, certain statements on the Protestant side signal a clear attempt at distancing themselves from the concept of visible unity. They have come to prefer an alternative model of a community of Churches. Some have, in turn, put forward arguments for the apparent nature of such an alternative. In fact, the realisation of the Church’s visible unity can only take place “through” and “in” the community of various Churches. The Church herself is the assembly (community) of all peoples and nations in one people under God.","doi":"10.3390/rel15040454","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/eb1ca37df3efe36de2611cde703ca931112312d2","result_position":7,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":218818936,"title":"Fifty Years of International Catholic–Lutheran Dialogue: Much Consensus, Little Fellowship?","venue":"","year":2020,"authors":["Ola Tjørhom"],"abstract":"This article presents an overview and an assessment of the international Catholic–Lutheran dialogue through fifty years. During the process, a theological rapprochement that few had dreamt of when the work began has been manifested. In the text Facing Unity (1984), even a detailed plan for a processual realization of Catholic–Lutheran church fellowship is sketched. However, this plan has not been implemented, and the achieved doctrinal convergence has not been transformed into concrete forms of unity. The author also seeks to uncover some of the main causes of this impasse, largely reflecting challenges in contemporary ecumenism.","doi":"10.1177/0040563920912893","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8edb13b0f914bd239780c7bc90b5beb15710684e","result_position":8,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":245339032,"title":"Neutralizing Secularism: Religious Antiliberalism and the Twentieth-Century Global Ecumenical Project","venue":"The Journal of Law and Religion","year":2022,"authors":["Rabiat Akande"],"abstract":"Abstract A marked feature of the contemporary U.S. constitutional landscape is the campaign by an Evangelical-Catholic coalition against the idea of secularism, understood by this alliance to mean the exclusion of religion from the state and its progressive marginalization from social life. Departing from the tendency to treat this project as a national phenomenon, this article places it within a longer global genealogy of an earlier international Christian ecumenical effort to combat secularism. The triumph of that campaign culminated in the making of Article 18 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, now considered the paradigmatic international legal provision on religious liberty. Article 18’s protection of the rights to proselytize and convert, I argue, was a product of an impassioned contestation between an ecumenical movement keen on securing the prerogative to spread the gospel to the non-Christian world and a secularism in a strange alliance with Islam in the region that held the greatest promise for the evangelical enterprise—Muslim Africa. In excavating the genealogy of ecumenical thought as it developed a critique of the so-called secularist threat, I recover the delicate links between the contemporary U.S. anti-secular campaign and the earlier ecumenical efforts.","doi":"10.1017/jlr.2022.18","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3b3bd326f96f3298fc15b09b441bcdaee05eff74","result_position":9,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":221257438,"title":"An Evangelical Protestant’s Reflections on Roman Catholic Mariology","venue":"","year":2020,"authors":["B. Arbour"],"abstract":"Abstract I count myself privileged to respond to Kenneth Collins and Jerry Walls recent book on Roman Catholicism. I live in Fort Worth, TX, and I am a member of Wedgwood Baptist Church, which is one of more than 40,000 churches that together comprise the Southern Baptist Convention. I mention this so readers will know that my comments come from a conservative Evangelical Protestant perspective, and my thinking stems from a tradition that is decidedly not Roman Catholic. Having said this, I’m much more sympathetic to Roman Catholicism than a great many Evangelicals, including Collins and Walls. I offer my criticisms of Rome, but I ask that readers not interpret me as someone who denies that the Roman Catholic Church counts as a Christian institution. In an effort to show good faith on this front, allow me to offer some defenses of Roman Catholicism against what I take to be over the top criticisms from some Protestant Evangelicals.","doi":"10.2478/perc-2020-0026","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/deac6013051a323070f3cd5e851b49e3931c420f","result_position":10,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":255151942,"title":"“Please Love Our Asian American Neighbors”: Christian Responses to Anti-Asian Racism during the COVID-19 Pandemic","venue":"Theology Today","year":2022,"authors":["M. Borja","Kayla Zhang"],"abstract":"How have American religious groups engaged in the issue of contemporary anti-Asian racism? This article examines statements issued by Christian denominations in the United States to understand how American Christians have responded to the recent rise in racist and violent attacks on Asian Americans during the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that while all of the statements condemned anti-Asian racism, Christian responses varied in significant ways: in how they understood the problem of racism, in what they prescribed as solutions, and in the degree to which they engaged in the particular experiences of Asian Americans.","doi":"10.1177/00405736221132863","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/15fb93bfe5ca6ebc0dc53248f23507a49f2039f1","result_position":11,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":171405899,"title":"Coming to Terms with the Reformation","venue":"Open Theology","year":2018,"authors":["Theodor Dieter"],"abstract":"Abstract The quincentenary of the Reformation in 2017 challenged different actors or subjects (such as civil societies, states, and churches) to come to terms with ‟the” Reformation. This article argues for gaining an awareness of the constructive character of the word ‟Reformation”, so that ‟coming to terms with the Reformation” will mean different things depending on the particular meaning of ‟Reformation,” and, of course, depending on the different acting subjects. The article focuses mainly on how the Lutheran World Federation (LWF) and the Roman Catholic church addressed and answered the challenge of a common commemoration and celebration of the Reformation on a global level, especially with a view to previous centenaries that led to serious religious conflicts between Protestants and Catholics. The article analyzes how ecumenical dialogues allowed for a common perception by Lutherans and Catholics of the theological and spiritual gifts of the Reformation for the whole church, and how distinguishing this meaning of ‟Reformation” from another meaning of ‟Reformation” that denotes the sequence of events leading to the split of the Western church was the basis of the historic ecumenical prayer service with Pope Francis in Lund (Sweden) and the leaders of the Lutheran World Federation on October 31, 2016, commemorating the Reformation both in gratitude and lament and committing themselves to continue on the journey from conflict to communion.","doi":"10.1515/opth-2018-0048","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/362b898e29141b7285c2b7f1d71dad0224ccfabe","result_position":12,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":273792982,"title":"Epistemic Egoism and the Protestant Uses of Tradition","venue":"TheoLogica: An International Journal for Philosophy of Religion and Philosophical Theology","year":2024,"authors":["E. Kojonen"],"abstract":"Although ecumenical dialogue has highlighted many commonalities between Protestants, Catholics, and Orthodox, many issues still remain contentious. One often recurring suspicion is that the Protestant idea of sola scriptura inevitably leads to an individualistic religiosity, neglecting the importance of the divinely guided Christian tradition and Christian church teaching for understanding the Bible. In this article, I relate this critique to the idea of “epistemic egoism”, as defined by Linda Zagzebski, and develop an alternative Protestant social epistemology based on tradition as the “democracy of the dead”, error-corrected by sola scriptura. I test this Protestant theological epistemology against two recent criticisms: (1) the “Conciliar Argument Against Protestantism” (CAAP), arguing that Protestantism fails to provide consistent criteria for valuing conciliar authority as a guide to biblical interpretation, and (2) the “Scriptural Argument Against Dogmatic Protestantism”, arguing that sola scriptura, when understood in light of theological disagreement, ultimately becomes self-refuting in the absence of properly guiding theological authority. I argue, however, that sola scriptura is compatible with assigning an important epistemic role to both tradition and community, and that Protestant principles of theological reasoning can be defended further using recent theories in social epistemology.","doi":"10.14428/thl.v9i1.83593","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5d8361b4c9104fd036f4961d8c7102c39f2735ca","result_position":13,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":259743292,"title":"The Latin American Bullring: US Evangelicals and the Reception of Anti-Protestant Violence from Cold War Colombia","venue":"Journal of American Studies","year":2023,"authors":["David C. Kirkpatrick"],"abstract":"In the shadow of the Cuban Revolution, American Baptist preacher Billy Graham and US President John F. Kennedy barnstormed South America through overlapping tours in 1961 and 1962. Kennedy's presidency has often been presented as an intermission in the drama of evangelical political power, but grassroots activism provides new angles for analysis at the intersection of the US and Latin America. While claiming an apolitical stance, Graham worked alongside the US State Department, planting spiritual seeds on the tilled ground of foreign policy. Graham – and Protestant leaders orbiting him – curated acts of violence, painting a picture of persecution for a watching public. This narrative employed violence to draw lines of worldwide spiritual affiliation and political obligation. US evangelicals placed themselves as custodians of America's most sacred values at home and abroad, responsible for upholding democratic values, including religious tolerance, the rule of law, and anticommunism. Graham's tactics created an entangled relationship with Kennedy, where Graham arose as a metaphorical matador, fighting for persecuted Christians. Here, American evangelicals could flex their growing political muscle, while operating as an imagined religious minority community. Narratives, discourses, and representations of violence circulated transnationally and acquired differing meanings depending on the political interests of those mobilizing them.","doi":"10.1017/S0021875823000257","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e174ac0333eed9a363f8116bb4caca419caf8440","result_position":14,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":274627553,"title":"Theology Goes Public: Richard Shaull’s Dialogue with Public Issues, Social Sciences, and Ecumenism in “The New Revolutionary Mood in Latin America” (1962)","venue":"Religions","year":2024,"authors":["Jefferson Zeferino","Rudolf von Sinner"],"abstract":"Since the arrival of Protestants in Brazil, the presence of Protestant educational institutions became a reality. Seminaries were founded at the end of the 19th century, focusing on the training of clergy without much concern for dialogue with other churches or with society at large. Public issues, ecumenism—through dialogue and cooperation between Protestants and Catholics—and interdisciplinary theological approaches only became current concerns in the mid-twentieth century, especially with liberation theologies—both Protestant and Catholic. Before that, however, one of the authors who was able to grasp these dimensions in his theological endeavour was Richard Shaull, who, through his theological method, opened a dialogue with the social sciences in order to interpret the reality in which he placed Christian action and mission. Through bibliographical research and document analysis, focusing on the reading of “The New Revolutionary Mood in Latin America”, a report on Latin America presented by Shaull to the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the U.S.A. Missionary Board, the article aims to show Shaull’s theology, institutionally located, as one that thinks about public issues in dialogue with social sciences and considers its implications for and within Christian churches. In the light of studies on public theology, this paper presents Richard Shaull’s writings as a theological approach to the church, considering its ecumenical stance; to society, considering its most pressing issues of the time; and to academia, through the interdisciplinary dialogue he undertakes with the social sciences.","doi":"10.3390/rel15121494","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fd6fb3ca5062fec71fdf74f0ee6789ec3533137a","result_position":15,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":265201956,"title":"Imaginative Ecumenism—Rethinking the Paradigm from an Anglican Perspective","venue":"Religions","year":2023,"authors":["J. Morris"],"abstract":"This article reviews the history of the ecumenical movement from an English Anglican perspective, exploring its successes and limitations. It suggests that ecumenical aspirations risk being bogged down in incremental ecumenism, the pursuit of small steps in inter-church relations. A worked example is the Porvoo agreement, which depended on a new paradigm of the Anglican understanding of order, yet which has not been applied equivalently elsewhere. The necessity of unity is reasserted, and a call for a more imaginative, eschatological paradigm of unity is made. Some implications for Anglican ecumenism are briefly explored.","doi":"10.3390/rel14111410","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/35e1bcc60f6717bbae4523afcf49d6f3255bc075","result_position":16,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":251939814,"title":"Liturgika Josefa Smolíka: Kapitola z dějin české evangelické liturgiky","venue":"TEOLOGICKÁ REFLEXE","year":2022,"authors":["Tabita Landová"],"abstract":"The Czech protestant practical theologian Josef Smolík (1922–2009) taught liturgics at the Comenius Theological Faculty in Prague for many decades and contributed significantly to the Agenda of the Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren (1983, 1988). This article presents Smolík’s contribution to the development of protestant liturgy in the Czech Republic and also indicates in what areas contemporary liturgics has advanced. Smolík was initially strongly influenced by the theology of the Word, but at the same time absorbed the inspiration from the liturgical movement of the first half of the 20th century. After the Second Vatican Council, he further reconsidered some of his liturgical positions under the influence of the ecumenical movement. His work in the field of liturgics is still valued in academic circles at the Protestant Theological Faculty in Prague and in the church. However, it also has its sharp critics. His reform proposals have not been fully implemented in the worship of the church. From the point of view of contemporary liturgy, his theological reflection on worship, the relationship between Word and liturgical form, and the relationship between Word and sacraments should be appreciated. However, his attitude to the anthropological aspects of worship, from which he maintained a constant distance, should be critically evaluated.","doi":"10.14712/27880796.2022.1.4","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/887f1f2434c149a4abd30c6e7d4641980f61a924","result_position":17,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":245120934,"title":"Culture, Religion, and Corruption/Prosperity (A), (B), (C), (1), (2)","venue":"“Ye Shall Know Them by Their Fruits”","year":2021,"authors":["Jason García Portilla"],"abstract":"This chapter characterises the relations between culture, religion, and corruption/prosperity. It advances the explanations of the prosperity–religion nexus from the perspective of cultural attributes (e.g. trust, individualism, familialism) by comparing Roman Catholic and Protestant theologies.Protestant denominations have mostly relinquished their founding principles, while “Rome never changes” as per the Italian saying. Despite the progress after Vatican II, Roman Catholicism has not markedly altered its beliefs and practices or its institutional founding principles (i.e. Canon Law) since medieval times. The political repercussions of an ecumenism in “Rome terms” are beyond its theological or religious implications.Liberation theology urged the Latin American Roman Church to break away from its imperialist origins and favouritism for landlords, industrialists, and power elites. However, liberation theology never became the mainstream or hegemonic Catholic theology in Latin America.Distinct Protestant theologies and organisational forms have led to distinct outcomes. New forms of Protestantism (i.e. Pentecostalism) placing less emphasis on education are less likely to have a positive social impact than previous (historical) Protestant versions. Some Protestant denominations still adhere to intertextual historicist biblical interpretation and hold the belief that the papacy continues to be “Satan’s synagogue” today.The heavily criticised Prosperity Gospel (PG) movement has syncretic roots in Pentecostalism, New Thought, and African American religion, and is composed mainly of the middle classes and blacks.While syncretism has been a natural process in all religions, Jews and historical Protestants have tended to be more anti-syncretic given their Scriptural base of beliefs. In turn, the importance of traditions, in Roman Catholicism for instance, has led to include more non-orthodox rituals in its practice.","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-78498-0_10","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/49cbaedda4a1f5945efb65c474628e64d229410f","result_position":18,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":245298467,"title":"Schism – and Reformed theology?","venue":"Acta Theologica","year":2021,"authors":["D. J. Smit"],"abstract":"The article deals with the question of schism in the Reformed faith and ecclesiology, by focusing on four fundamental issues developed in the form of five theses each. These fundamental issues involve, first, the wellknown Reformed passion for the unity and catholicity of the church; secondly, the equally widely known traditional Reformed problems and troubling experiences with questions of unity and catholicity; thirdly, some typically Reformed theological perspectives on unity and catholicity as their contribution to ecumenical thought and practice, and, finally, some concrete and urgent practical challenges currently facing the Reformed faith and world community regarding unity and catholicity.","doi":"10.18820/23099089/actat.v41i2.10","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/006e56dc5a084f13f128e9f7df2981bd25bb9e99","result_position":19,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":235500596,"title":"A Tentative Proposal to Use Orthodox Theological Relational Selfhood as an Alternative for Confucian-Influenced Chinese Evangelicals","venue":"Religions","year":2021,"authors":["Tsung-I Hwang"],"abstract":"Eastern Orthodox Christianity and Chinese evangelicals have rarely interacted. Even if it seems that Eastern Orthodox Christianity and its theology have hardly influenced Chinese evangelicals in the past, this article demonstrates the possibility that Orthodox theology can still indirectly transform Confucian-influenced Chinese evangelicals. Moltmann, a great contemporary Protestant theologian, is influenced deeply by Stăniloae, a great modern Eastern Orthodox theologian, particularly in the development of social trinitarian theology in Eastern Orthodox heritage. Moltmann argues that social trinitarian anthropology can prevent the social and individual problems appeared in the societies shaped by either individualism or collectivism. Selfhood is one academic language used to discuss this relationship between the self and society. Despite modernization and westernization, contemporary Chinese people are still deeply influenced by Confucian models of relational selfhood. Even for Chinese evangelicals who had converted years ago, their way of thinking and behavior might be as much Confucian as biblical. The Confucian-influenced collectivist mindset may lead to problematic selfhood and more challenging interpersonal relationships. This article uses Orthodox theology via Moltmann’s social trinitarian, Stăniloae-inspired approach to develop an alternative relational selfhood for contemporary Chinese Christians.","doi":"10.3390/REL12050321","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bc461b7b5bdf176a5e4b78fd0e3e262aa535c602","result_position":20,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":225575987,"title":"From revolutionary texts to rebellious readers: What is Leitura Popular da Bíblia and is it really ‘popular’?","venue":"Radical Americas","year":2020,"authors":["G. McGeoch"],"abstract":"Inspired by Paulo’s Freire’s popular education for adults and liberation theology’s ‘option for the poor’, Leitura Popular da Bíblia (LPB) was pioneered among poor urban and rural communities throughout Latin America. It emphasised participatory methodologies, critical thinking and community solutions to problems interpreted as political. Importantly, in its early phase, it accompanied and was inserted into revolutionary political and social movements. This article addresses the methodology of LPB and asks critical questions about the notion of ‘popular’ deployed by some liberation theologies. It problematises the community-based presentation of popular in LPB and asks how LPB can transgress its traditional spaces – favelas, factories, student unions – into newly politicised territories that root emancipatory practices in gender, race and (inter-)religious experiences. The article draws on insights from the experiences of LPB currently used in popular movements in Brazil and Latin America, and considers the wider implications for LPB in light of changing popular experiences and changing practices in revolutionary political and social movements.","doi":"10.14324/111.444.ra.2020.v5.1.003","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1315101b96d62e450ca1a4ae2224775ca2877e70","result_position":21,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":151236353,"title":"Believing in the Church: Why Ecumenism Needs the Invisibility of the Church","venue":"Religions","year":2019,"authors":["Bradford Littlejohn"],"abstract":"Amidst the plethora of approaches to ecumenical dialogue and church reunion over the last century, a common theme has been the depreciation of the classic Protestant distinction between the “visible” and “invisible” church. Often seen as privileging an abstract predestinarianism over the concrete lives and structures of church communities and underwriting a complacency about division that deprives Christians of any motive to ecumenical endeavor, the concept of the “invisible” church has been widely marginalized in favor of a renewed focus on the “visible” church as the true church. However, I argue that this stress on visible unity creates a pressure toward institutional forms of unity that ultimately privilege Roman Catholic ecclesiologies at the expense of Protestant ones, and thus fails of its ecumenical promise. Renewed attention to Reformational understandings of the relationship between divine grace and human action and the centrality and uniqueness of Christ as the foundation of the church, I argue, dispels some misunderstandings of the church’s “invisibility” and demonstrates the indispensability of the concept. I argue that this Reformational framework, which refuses to accept the empirical divisions of the Church as definitive and summons us to an ecumenism that belongs to the church’s sanctification, provides the best theological ground for ecumenical endeavor.","doi":"10.3390/REL10020104","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a09952c0548e870eaa9716530ed3088f6a0f2f98","result_position":22,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":240886633,"title":"FRENCH PROTESTANTISM AND ITS AMBIVALENT ATTITUDE TOWARD CULTURE","venue":"VERBUM CHRISTI: JURNAL TEOLOGI REFORMED INJILI","year":2019,"authors":["P. Wells"],"abstract":"Protestantism in France has an ambiguous attitude to the surrounding culture, because of its position as a small minority. The other forces present are Roman Catholic authoritarianism and the liberal free-thinking of Enlightenment humanism, represented by the likes of Voltaire and Rousseau. The paradox is that since the Revolution in 1789, which was anti-royal and anti-religious, when Protestantism has sided with the majority Roman Church it has undermined its Reformed identity, and when it has sided with libertarian free-thinking it has undermined its Christian identity. This remains a feature of French Protestantism until the present day. As a result of this tension, the thought of one of France’s greatest thinkers, John Calvin, became virtually unknown, not only in French culture and society as a whole, but also within French Protestantism itself. \nKEYWORDS: Protestant, Reformed, French, Catholic","doi":"10.51688/vc6.2.2019.art1","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3d6e8da2efb23ee5738eb084d2bcd0798791c91e","result_position":23,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":211452744,"title":"Dynamics and Stability in Globally Expanding Charismatic Religions: The Case of the Vineyard Movement in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland","venue":"Entangled Religions","year":2019,"authors":["Maren Freudenberg"],"abstract":"This article examines processes of religious transfer taking place in the neo-Charismatic Vineyard movement by analyzing the development of the German-speaking branch, Vineyard Deutschland, Österreich, Schweiz (DACH), in comparison to its American sister association. By drawing from first-hand interviews with congregational leaders and analyses of websites and other digital and print material, the article shows that Vineyard DACH is pursuing an unusually collaborative strategy to integrate into the German-speaking Christian landscape by forging close ties to both the Christian mainstream and its periphery. At the same time, it accentuates its identity as part of the international Vineyard network as a global charismatic movement. In this way, it negotiates the tension between the dynamics of expansion and the stability of a coherent self-identity, which is a distinguishing trait of Pentecostal-Charismatic Christianity. This development may be indicative of broader changes occurring in the religious landscape of German-speaking Europe in the early twenty-first century.","doi":"10.13154/ER.8.2019.8353","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/390bbaf8e50f31429a92f913150e2ab4ccee7a36","result_position":24,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":171849728,"title":"PROTESTANTISM – THE ORIGIN AND ESSENCE OF ITS TEACHINGS","venue":"Facta Universitatis Series Philosophy Sociology Psychology and History","year":2019,"authors":["D. Todorovic"],"abstract":"The paper presents the following: 1) The factors which preceded the break of the unique Western Church (spiritual movements within the Roman Catholic Church, which requested a new kind of piety, a New-Century thought by most influential European humanists which was inspired by individualism, a changed political climate under the influence of the Humanism and Renaissance, the rise of the civil class and the invention of the printing press), 2) the founders of Protestant teachings (Martin Luther, Thomas Mincer, Philip Spener, Jean Calvin, Ulrich Zwingli) and 3) the rules of religious life among the newly converted (principles: Ecclesia reformata sed semper reformanda, Soli Deo Gloria, Solo Christo, Sola scriptura, Sola gratia, Sola fide, etc.). ","doi":"10.22190/FUPSPH1803179T","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/007903340d234a2b1b6fcb38644a618d3e2d9ec9","result_position":25,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":148650394,"title":"Radical orthodoxy: its ecumenical vision","venue":"Acta Theologica","year":2017,"authors":["G. Ward"],"abstract":"The first book in the Series Radical Orthodoxy (RO) was not meant to be programmatic or set out to change the direction of modern theology. There are certain shared sensibilities among its authors and, principally, an ecumenical vision. This article sketches the nature of that ecumenical vision that begins with the way in which secularism has enabled Christians to look beyond their own denominational borders and even share resources. This is bottom-up ecumenism nurtured by multiple belonging and a global understanding of Christianities that has helped “de-colonize” theology and rethink political theology. RO, it is argued, can be a resource for the South African de-colonization of Christian theology. In its critiques of modernity and secular reasoning, RO points the way towards doing theology in, through and beyond traditional and disciplinary boundaries – but South Africa has to make it its own.","doi":"10.18820/23099089/ACTAT.V37I1S.1","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9b0070a3daa8843dcb1a2a6f85a9edb4a7e5613c","result_position":26,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":188078484,"title":"Ekumeniczna krytyka kapitalizmu - wybrane podejścia","venue":"","year":2018,"authors":["Piotr Kopiec"],"abstract":"The ecumenical movement from the very beginning stressed a significance of the social commitment. It is reflected in the last decade in the harsh criticism of the capitalist social order. Article discusses selected examples of the critical ecumenical interpretation of capitalism: the Accra Confession by the World Communion of Reformed Churches (2004), the programme of economy of life by the World Council of Churches and the radicalizing Reformation ecumenical project (2014). It aims to demonstrate convergences in the theological and philosophical assumptions of the discussed approaches. Furthermore, it asks about similarities between the presented ecumenical reflections and the teaching of the Pope Francis.","doi":"10.18290/rt.2018.65.7-11","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1c302a5c5ddfbfae989b9b64ac043cc9ffec6d91","result_position":27,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":158251385,"title":"Reformed Churches Working in Unity and Diversity: Global Historical, Theological and Ethical Perspectives","venue":"","year":2018,"authors":["G. Duncan"],"abstract":"The constituent papers are grouped into three sections. The first is on historical, social and pedagogical aspects, considered from Scottish, Hungarian, English, Romanian and USA perspectives. The second focuses on theological concepts and particularly the relationship between Calvin’s view of the Trinity, the African concept of ubuntu, the sanctification of French Protestantism and Calvin’s academic legacy. The third considers ethical perspectives on the mission of Reformed churches, sola caritate as a response to economic justice, collaboration in the ecumenical movement, reinterpreting work and vocation for a changing global political landscape and the issue of how to deal with tensions between denominations.","doi":"10.25159/2412-4265/4033","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6ba3b60dd8acd9ae1341776a18ee4d4415bb9bb2","result_position":28,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":55551580,"title":"The political responsibility of the Protestant churches in Brazil: A post-coup d’état approach towards the 500th anniversary of the Reformation","venue":"","year":2017,"authors":["Felipe Gustavo Koch Buttelli","C. L. Bruyns"],"abstract":"This article grapples with the actual political context internationally, focusing on the Brazilian Coup d’etat more specifically. It reflects on the responsibility of the Protestant churches in this watershed experience of the celebration of the five hundredth anniversary of the Reformation that happens during a time of crisis. It suggests an apocalyptic approach for theology towards the radical transformation of society, regarding especially the actual crisis of financial Capitalism. It starts from the contextual analyses of Protestantism in Brazilian society, historically and contemporarily. It then reflects on the actual challenges of protestant churches in such a context and suggests some theological assertions towards an apocalyptical theology for the end of Capitalism.","doi":"10.17570/stj.2017.v3n1.a02","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/79bf4d99d3120ba71de224c88d3140e1edd74f6c","result_position":29,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":151660349,"title":"The Protestant Search for ‘the Universal Christian Community’ between Decolonization and Communism †","venue":"","year":2017,"authors":["G. Zubovich"],"abstract":"This article investigates the history of American Protestant thought about peoples living beyond the North Atlantic West, in Asia in particular, from 1900 to the 1960s. It argues that Protestant thought about the Global South was marked by a tension between universalism and particularism. Protestants believed that their religion was universal because its core insights about the world were meant for everyone. At the same time, Protestant intellectuals were attentive to the demands of their coreligionists abroad, who argued that decolonization should herald a greater appreciation for national differences. The article traces three distinct stages of Protestant attempts to resolve these tensions; support for imperialism in the early twentieth century, then for human rights at mid-century, and finally for pluralism in the 1960s. In doing so, it shows that the specter of the Soviet Union intensified the Protestant appreciation of national differences and ultimately led to the disavowal of Protestant universalism.","doi":"10.3390/REL8020017","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/889cdc87c13b4d21254b4224f65aeb023b2b1982","result_position":30,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":149322052,"title":"Reappropriating sacramental thinking within Protestant Evangelicalism: A move towards systemic awareness","venue":"","year":2017,"authors":["D. D. Elliott"],"abstract":"The dissertation on which this article is based, has been a polemical study aimed at exploring the sacramental theology of the late Roman Catholic theologian, Edward Schillebeeckx and thereby using it as a ‘foil’ against which to propose an alternative, if not renewed, ecclesiology for Protestant Evangelicalism. The study accomplished this aim within the framework of a systematic theological method with an approach that was inclusive of theological inquiry as well as sociological theory and praxis. Engaging Schillebeeckx with some significant conversation partners, both Roman Catholic and Protestants, has drawn out his hermeneutical inconsistencies. Two observations have emerged from this informed dialogue: Firstly, it established Schillebeeckx’s sacramental theology as upholding the systemic awareness of Roman Catholic sacramental thought. Secondly, insofar as the Protestant tradition is concerned, it established that, in spite of the diverse sacramental views within Reformation thought and Protestant evangelicalism, in particular, the doctrine of grace is upheld as foundational for the church. With a more directed focus on the diverse views concerning the Lord’s Supper, the dissertation honed in on the trajectories of Zwingli (‘symbolic memorialism’), Bullinger (‘symbolic parallelism’) and Calvin (‘symbolic instrumentalism’). Emerging from this exploration, a Zwingli-Bullinger confluence has been proposed.","doi":"10.4102/IDS.V51I1.2229","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a311f994f8af437ea39323103a1086df298bdaeb","result_position":31,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":199294236,"title":"THE FIVE SOLAS OF THE REFORMATION: THEN AND NOW","venue":"","year":2017,"authors":["G. Williams"],"abstract":"Abstract: After a description of the five solas of the Protestant Reformation and their biblical basis, the rejection of the solas by the Roman Catholic Church at Trent and Vatican I is traced, focusing on revelation, justification, and worship. The account of Roman Catholic theology is brought up to date by an examination of changes that occurred at Vatican II. A different stance toward Protestants and the wider world is explained by a shift in the Church’s view of the nature-grace relationship. Despite this change, the core commitments of the Catholic Church on revelation, justification, and worship remain unaltered. They are held within a less adversarial but still expansionist Rome-centered theology that Protestants must continue to resist.","doi":"10.35285/UCC3.1.2017.ART1","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/476c030214e6d4d95f6f616695d7fbb2e01e5af0","result_position":32,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":234835828,"title":"When the Gap between Academic Theology and the Church Makes Possible the Orthodox–Evangelical Dialogue","venue":"Religions","year":2021,"authors":["D. Jemna","Dan Mǎnǎstireanu"],"abstract":"In the church tradition, we find that the great theologians were also deeply involved in the life of the church as bishops, priests, or pastors who served the believers in their parishes, though, even at that time, practicing theology started to drift apart from performing pastoral work. In Modernity, however, things began to change radically, especially with the development of theology as an academic discipline and even more so with the development of the profession of the theologian specializing in religious studies. This phenomenon penetrated Protestant churches in particular, but it is also found in Orthodoxy. In this study, we advance the hypothesis that, despite its negative connotation, the gap between academic theology and church life opens up the possibility of a promising dialogue between Evangelicals and the Orthodox in Romania. Especially in the last 30 years, theologians from both communities have interacted in the context of doctoral research, scientific conferences, and research projects, although the dialogue between church leaders and hierarchs is almost non-existent. We analyze whether this incipient theological dialogue could possibly create a bridge between the two communities and within them and between academia and the church. We believe that one of the best ways to reduce the distance between them is to build on the interest of the current generation of theologians from both churches in Biblical studies, in Patristic theology, and in the work of the Romanian theologian Dumitru Stăniloae.","doi":"10.3390/REL12040274","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/07802707cfe4939ab556f67b03425e7ecc22aca8","result_position":33,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":252272453,"title":"“The worker deserves his wages”? Religion and support for organized labor in the U.S. Senate","venue":"Politics and Religion","year":2022,"authors":["John McTague","Shanna Pearson‐Merkowitz"],"abstract":"\n This article examines the relationship between senators' personal religious affiliations and their roll-call voting record on organized labor's policy agenda. While an impressive body of literature now demonstrates clear connections between religion and representation in the U.S. Congress, fewer studies have linked religion to issues outside of the realm of cultural and moral policy. Based on a data set spanning 1980 through 2020, our findings show that evangelical Protestants are significantly the most opposed to organized labor's legislative agenda, while Jewish senators are the most supportive. Other religions fall in between, depending on the decade. The findings imply that the reach of religion in Congress may run even deeper than is commonly understood. It extends beyond the culture wars to one of the most salient issue cleavages in the modern history of the American politics.","doi":"10.1017/s1755048322000281","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a9bdffa80c4b9d3cb4b5097c71254737c836ded8","result_position":34,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":274420573,"title":"The Leuenberg Agreement and Polish Evangelical Churches","venue":"Roczniki Teologiczne","year":2024,"authors":["Jerzy Sojka"],"abstract":"The article aims to analyse the significance of the Leuenberg Agreement for the Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Poland, the Evangelical Reformed Church in Poland and the Evangelical Methodist Church in Poland in three contexts. Firstly, the relationship between the Leuenberg Agreement and bilateral agreements introducing altar and pulpit fellowship between Polish Churches. Secondly, the question of how the Leuenberg Agreement influenced the proposals put forward in the Polish ecumenical debate to create a single united Polish Protestant Church. Finally, the reception of the Leuenberg Agreement and other work of the Communion of Protestant Churches in Europe in the life of Polish Evangelical Churches.","doi":"10.36124/rt.2024.19","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b49d581ec0ea794949054d82064168b7fe8e4257","result_position":35,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":265362674,"title":"Ecumenism in St Andrews: A fact and a mandate","venue":"Theology in Scotland","year":2023,"authors":["Paulus de Jong","Jared Michelson","Trevor Hart"],"abstract":"In a three-way conversation, ministers from Baptist, Presbyterian, and Episcopal churches in St Andrews, Fife reflect on their experience of ecumenical theology and local church practice. As they wrestle with the reality of the Church’s disunity, they seek to draw out some specific biblical, theological, and practical resources which have been especially helpful in their own ecumenical practice as local church ministers. What clearly emerges as a central feature is the gift which denominational differences and diversities can bring out of ecumenical efforts. Encountering sisters and brothers in other ecclesial communities can play a crucial role in enriching our own ecclesial identities, but, as these authors emphasise, it requires pushing against the consumerist competition which can easily creep up on us in a shrinking church ‘market’. Remaining open to the gift of another – in this case, another Christian communal expression – is at the heart of anything that can be called genuine ecumenism.","doi":"10.15664/tis.v30i2.2666","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d4e23e0feb15fdfe9ad0edc538cbe6ab4852b6dd","result_position":36,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":262133278,"title":"‘One Baptism for the Remission of Sins’: Exploring the Harmony Between Christian Platonism, Reformed Soteriology, and Credobaptism","venue":"","year":2023,"authors":["Samuel G. Parkinson"],"abstract":"Abstract In recent years, Protestant theology—particularly of the Reformed and evangelical variety—has shown an increased interest in historical retrieval. Various theologians have engaged in the work of mining the Great Tradition of Christianity in order to resource contemporary theology with wisdom from the past. Presupposed in this work of retrieval is a claim that is by no means a foregone conclusion for Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox theologians: the notion that Protestants also lay claim to the Great Tradition of the ‘one, holy, catholic, and apostolic church.’ Protestant theologians working on retrieval believe they are drawing from their own heritage, not the heritage of another. While it may appear counterintuitive to do so, this paper seeks to defend this notion by drawing together three terms commonly considered disparate: Christian Platonism, Reformed soteriology, and Baptist sacramentalism. It disputes two popular insistences: first, that Reformed soteriology depends on a nominalism that contradicts the realism of the Christian-Platonic metaphysical tradition; and second, that the Baptist view of baptism amounts to mere symbolism (and thus depends on nominalism in another sense). This paper therefore argues not only that Reformed evangelicals, broadly speaking, lay rightful claim to the Great Tradition (and specifically, its metaphysics), but also that Baptists in particular share this heritage.","doi":"10.2478/perc-2023-0017","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3243d7a88f1e2fba0b05e696ac0c7ef82a1d63e7","result_position":37,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":252247057,"title":"Religious implications in the positioning and practice of health professionals and students about induced abortion: systematic review","venue":"Human Reproduction Archives","year":2022,"authors":["J. Drezett","Renato José de Oliveira","M. Puccia"],"abstract":"Objective: Review the literature on the relationship between religion and the practices and positions of professionals and students of sexual and reproductive health in relation to induced abortion. Method: Systematic review in SciELO, and LILACS databases, from January 2010 to May 2021, using the descriptors (“Abortion, Induced” [Mesh]) AND “Religion” [Mesh]. Two authors separately evaluated the articles, selecting those that met the eligibility criteria. Disagreements were submitted to the opinion of the third author. 270 articles were identified and 31 articles were selected for qualitative metasynthesis. Study exempted from submission to the Ethics and Research Committee. Results: 23 articles (74.2%) used quantitative designs, six (19.3%) qualitative methods, one (3.2%) case report, and one (3.2%) intervention design. Students and resident physicians were approached in 15 articles (48.4%), physicians in 14 (45.1%), midwives in four (12.9%), and nurses in two (6.5%). In all articles analyzed, the strongest link with religious beliefs showed influence in positions and practices that oppose or restrict induced abortion. Conclusion: Conservative and fundamentalist religious positions on induced abortion persist, which negatively influence students and health professionals, hampering women’s human rights and reproductive rights.","doi":"10.4322/hra.000421","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/02fbbe0fe3cff8ea8b2b57d4dcad1055e7ca4e93","result_position":38,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":228844325,"title":"Church Growth in Times of Secularization: A Case Study of People Joining Evangelical Congregations in the Netherlands","venue":"Review of religious research","year":2020,"authors":["P. Vermeer","P. Scheepers"],"abstract":"Background : Today the Dutch religious landscape is characterized by two opposite trends. On the one hand, there is a massive and dominant trend of religious disaffiliation which mostly affects the Roman Catholic Church and the mainline Protestant churches, while on the other hand the Netherlands also witnesses the emergence of several independent, evangelical congregations of near megachurch size. Purpose : Against the background of these opposite trends, this paper focuses on the second trend and tries to explain why some people join an evangelical congregation. Methods : For this purpose, quantitative data gathered among the audiences of six thriving evangelical congregations are analyzed in view of the following research questions: (1) What was the previous religious affiliation of the people who switched or converted to one of the six participating evangelical congregations? and (2) Which factors induced the switch or conversion to these congregations? Results : Results of bivariate and multivariate analyses show that these congregations attract both mainline and orthodox Protestant switchers as well as a significant number of secular converts, whose decision to join these evangelical congregations is induced by early socialization experiences, their intrinsic religious orientation and the switching of their partner. Closer scrutiny into the background of the apparent secular converts reveals, however, that several of these converts are probably re-affiliates. Although these secular converts indicated to be a religious none in their early teens, their conversion to evangelicalism is in part still induced by certain, early religious socialization experiences. Conclusions and Implications : This insight puts the alleged success of these evangelical congregations in more perspective. It shows that their success is more a matter of circulating, religious believers and not so much a matter of successfully reaching out to the unchurched. In all likelihood, then, thriving evangelical congregations will remain an exception in secular societies like the Netherlands and evangelical church growth in no way marks a break with the ongoing trend of religious disaffiliation.","doi":"10.1007/s13644-020-00434-x","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2597c7357daeb1cf1515d1d838b117307a4e129b","result_position":39,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":225197084,"title":"rediscovery of spiritual practices within Protestantism","venue":"","year":2020,"authors":["George W. Marchinkowski","P. Villiers"],"abstract":"In a first part this article investigates the older negative view of spiritual practices especially in Protestant contexts. It then spells out the reasons for the growing interest in and reappraisal of spiritual practices in recent times. This development reflects and confirms a special awareness of their powerful role in spiritual life and illuminates their nature and meaning. It further analyses how the growing interest in spiritual practices is a result of recognising their role in the spiritual heritage that empowered faith communities from earliest times and that are not restricted by and to confessional boundaries. The article, on the other hand, concludes with a discussion of the dynamic way in which spiritual practices are embedded in particular contexts within faith communities and, therefore, are also expressed in and through particular confessional characteristics.","doi":"10.17570/stj.2020.v6n1.a22","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1f49f2b918070461d1c78740180c4a9258e4e105","result_position":40,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":231888457,"title":"\"A Prophet Has No Honor in the Prophet’s Own Country\"","venue":"Temenos","year":2020,"authors":["Igor Mikeshin"],"abstract":"The article discusses how the history of forced marginality and isolation of the Russian-speaking Evangelical Christians shaped their theology and social ministry. Russian Evangelicalism is a glocal phenomenon. It fully adheres to the universal Evangelical tenets and, at the same time, it is shaped as a socioculturally and linguistically Russian phenomenon. Its russianness is manifested in the construction of the Russian Evangelical narrative, formulated as a response to the cultural and political discourse of the modern Russia and to the Orthodox theology and application, as it is seen by evangelicals. This narrative is constructed with the language of the Synodal Bible in its present-day interpretation. \nRussian evangelicals are constantly accused of being Western-influenced, proselytizing in the canonical land of the Russian Orthodox Church, and mistreating and misleading people. The article also argues agains these accusations, emphasizing the history, hermeneutics, and social ministries of Russian Evangelicalism.","doi":"10.33356/TEMENOS.75254","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e5d1fdc1b7e6395d21a309d1522c5ad180927453","result_position":41,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":234836517,"title":"The Reception of Receptive Ecumenism","venue":"Ecclesiology","year":2021,"authors":["G. Ryan"],"abstract":"\nReceptive Ecumenism (re) has been presented as a distinctive ecumenical approach for nearly fifteen years, and it is eight years since Paul Avis asked the critical question, ‘Are we Receiving Receptive Ecumenism?’ The main part of this essay addresses that question by surveying the different ways in which re has been received in the academy, in ecumenical bodies, and in the life of the churches. A shorter section then outlines a proposal for viewing re in a wider ecclesiological context, rather than simply as an ecumenical practice. The essay primarily focuses on resources developed since 2012 in order to assess the breadth and depth of contemporary reception of re, and potential future developments.","doi":"10.1163/17455316-BJA10008","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1584837962dedb6297fbde72783212afe1d13bc8","result_position":42,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":237968332,"title":"Social Reconstruction: American Catholics Radical Response to the Social Gospel Movement and Progressives.","venue":"Journal of Catholic Education","year":2021,"authors":["Paul Lubienecki"],"abstract":"At the fin de siècle the Industrial Revolution created egregious physical, emotional and spiritual conditions for American society and especially for the worker but who would come forward to alleviate those conditions? Protestants implemented their Social Gospel Movement as a proposed cure to these problems. Secular Progressives engaged in a more activist role both materially and through legislation. Both of these groups had limited successes with disappointing outcomes. America’s Catholics, more accustomed to living and working in industrialized neighborhoods, eventually developed their own programs and agenda to address social and labor concerns. However some scholars believed that Catholic efforts merely replicated what others had achieved. It was the actions of America’s Catholics in answer to these issues that propelled them onto the national scene with a sense of purpose, inclusion and equality. This paper examines each group to ascertain their programs, relevant accomplishments and demonstrate how resolutions to solve social and labor problems proceeded yet stagnated for some. For America’s Catholics their agenda for social reconstruction empowered them to assert themselves as equals with a long lasting viable program of future corrective action.","doi":"10.15365/JOCE.2401052021","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9bf6e75a0dea46fc2d7639f8fd876dac8051e82c","result_position":43,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":191701990,"title":"From a Christian World Community to a Christian America: Ecumenical Protestant Internationalism as a Source of Christian Nationalist Renewal","venue":"Genealogy","year":2019,"authors":["M. Edwards"],"abstract":"Christian nationalism in the United States has neither been singular nor stable. The country has seen several Christian nationalist ventures come and go throughout its history. Historians are currently busy documenting the plurality of Christian nationalisms, understanding them more as deliberate projects rather than as components of a suprahistorical secularization process. This essay joins in that work. Its focus is the World War II and early Cold War era, one of the heydays of Christian nationalist enthusiasm in America—and the one that shaped our ongoing culture wars between “evangelical” conservatives and “godless” liberals. One forgotten and admittedly paradoxical pathway to wartime Christian nationalism was the world ecumenical movement (“ecumenical” here meaning intra-Protestant). Protestant ecumenism curated the transformation of 1920s and 1930s Christian internationalism into wartime Christian Americanism. They involved many political and intellectual elites along the way. In pioneering many of the geopolitical concerns of Cold War evangelicals, ecumenical Protestants aided and abetted the Christian conservative ascendancy that wields power even into the present.","doi":"10.3390/GENEALOGY3020030","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/96975527455dc119e148e1ee00bc81fa613dd36c","result_position":44,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":256980394,"title":"Christian Humanitarianism, Refugee Stories, and the Making of the Cold War West","venue":"Historical-Philological Journal","year":2023,"authors":["David Brydan"],"abstract":"Abstract This article argues that refugees and the Christian humanitarian organizations supporting them, particularly Catholic ones, helped to construct the Cold War West. Christian NGOs valued these refugees, not only for their needs or their suffering, but for the power of their stories. Refugees’ stories served to encapsulate and dramatize the horrors of communism, transforming it from an abstract ideological threat to a vivid personal danger. Their suffering and sacrifice, and the efforts to relieve this suffering, helped to forge ties of solidarity across Western Europe and North America. Christian groups fuelled this solidarity through the dissemination of information about communist persecution and the courage of refugees seeking to escape it, mobilizing the faithful to contribute through donations, prayers, and relief campaigns. The vision of the West which emerged from these campaigns emphasized religious freedom as the cornerstone of Western societies. It promoted solidarity across national borders by emphasizing Christian unity, although there were tensions between different denominations and Catholics were often the most active supporters of anti-communist humanitarianism. It also, strikingly, had little to say about democracy, something that becomes particularly evident when we examine the participation of Franco's Spain in Christian refugee relief.","doi":"10.1017/S0018246X23000079","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9485084f90530f68c4c1183ff84ce764c7502378","result_position":45,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":197753024,"title":"The Presbyterian Church and Zionism Unsettled: Its Antecedents, and Its Antisemitic Legacy","venue":"Religions","year":2019,"authors":["Cary Nelson"],"abstract":"The new millennium has seen increased hostility to Israel among many progressive constituencies, including several mainline Protestant churches. The evangelical community in the US remains steadfastly Zionist, so overall support for financial aid to Israel remain secure. But the cultural impact of accusations that Israel is a settler colonialist or apartheid regime are nonetheless serious; they are proving sufficient to make support for the Jewish state a political issue for the first time in many decades. Despite a general movement in emphasis from theology to politics in church debate, there remain theological issues at the center of church discussion. The Protestant church with the longest running and most well-funded anti-Zionist constituency is the Presbyterian church in the US. In the last decade, its Israel/Palestine Mission Network (IPMN) has produced several increasingly anti-Zionist books designed to propel divestment resolutions in the church’s annual meeting. The most widely debated of these was 2014’s Zionism Unsettled: A Congregational Study Guide. This essay mounts a detailed analysis and critique of the book which documents the IPMN’s steady movement toward antisemitic positions. Among the theological issues underlying debate in Protestant denominations are the status of the divine covenant with the Jewish people, the role that the gift of land has as part of that covenant, and the nature of the characterization of the Jews as a “chosen people”. These, and other issues underlying Protestant anti-Zionism, have led to the formation of Presbyterians for Middle East Peace (PFMP), a group, unlike IPMN, that supports a two-state solution. The competing positions these groups have taken are of interest to all who want to track the role that Christian denominations have played in debates about the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.","doi":"10.3390/REL10060396","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1034d36f1d391596ecd3b2e7ad238b19ce429263","result_position":46,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":241647394,"title":"Theological Perspectives on Development: Comparing Roman Catholic, ecumenical and evangelical positions","venue":"Acta Theologica","year":2021,"authors":["T. Kroeck"],"abstract":"Since the middle of the 20th century, Christian churches have been involved internationally in development activities. In recent years, international agencies and national governments have recognised the role of religions in international development. This article reviews theological views on international development. For this purpose, official documents of the Roman Catholic Church, the ecumenical movement and the World Evangelical Alliance/Lausanne Movement are compared regarding concepts of development and its role in the mission of the Church and views on the world and humankind, actions and actors of development and eschatology. The study finds wide agreement in many aspects, but also some differences between the theological traditions. It discusses theological aspects that are relevant for the praxis of Christian development work and identifies issues that may need further research.","doi":"10.18820/23099089/actat.sup31.15","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c9199c3faf4bc3c1671168bba96adad03a491bc0","result_position":47,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":239516898,"title":"Apostolicity – The question of Continuity and Authority","venue":"ARUMBAE: Jurnal Ilmiah Teologi dan Studi Agama","year":2021,"authors":["Alexander Heindel"],"abstract":"This article was presented as a research paper for the Ecumenical Theology Course at the Ecumenical Institute Bossey in Switzerland. Apostolicity and the relation to the apostles and the early Christians is a big discussed topic in several ecumenical dialogues. First the article analysis the method and context of five different ecumenical dialogue documents. It goes from multilateral Faith and Order documents like “Baptism, Eucharist, Ministry” and “The Church Towards a Common Vision” over the “Porvoo Common Statement” to two Lutheran/Roman-Catholic documents. Then it identifies some characteristic dimensions of apostolicity and brings the results from the dialogues together. A reading of apostolicity as narrative of continuity and authority in relation to god and Jesus Christ occurs through the chapters. Especially in the question of ministry apostolicity plays an important and differentiated role. The article focusses in the end on the episcopal ministry and develops the differentiation of horizontal and vertical apostolic continuity. Apostolicity is described as a gift of god and becomes obviously through gods action in the ordination act. Finally, the article summarises all results, ideas and new approaches.","doi":"10.37429/arumbae.v3i1.533","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b54738874d0cc1dbd578e93ddeed2b3acfd388bc","result_position":48,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":149754061,"title":"God and Guns: Examining Religious Influences on Gun Control Attitudes in the United States","venue":"Religions","year":2018,"authors":["Stephen M. Merino"],"abstract":"Mass shootings in the United States have generated significant media coverage and public concern, invigorating debates over gun control. Media coverage and academic research on gun control attitudes and reactions to mass shootings have paid little attention to the role of religion. Recent research sheds light on the complex relationship between religion and guns, including higher rates of gun ownership and stronger opposition to gun control among white evangelical Protestants. Using nationally representative survey data, this study examines the relationship between religious identity, gun ownership, and support for a range of gun control policies, including proposed remedies for preventing mass shootings. Compared with individuals from other religious traditions, evangelical Protestants are most opposed to stricter gun control laws and enforcement, even with statistical controls for gun ownership and demographic characteristics. Rather, they favor individualistic solutions and putting more emphasis on religious values in their social surroundings. I discuss how these findings reflect the cultural tools evangelical Protestants use to construct their understandings of social problems, including gun violence, and the broader implications for gun policy in the United States.","doi":"10.3390/REL9060189","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/48732d37ce14ff62c72e0ddac677cfd1df9b72b9","result_position":49,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":158510298,"title":"Protestantes no Brasil: entre a omissão e o engajamento político","venue":"","year":2017,"authors":["E. D. Silva"],"abstract":"We intend to analyze the Protestantism and Constitution of an Ecumenical Protestant sector in Brazil, which was developed in the second half of the 20th century. It was connected to the World Council of Churches and with an innovative proposal of respectful dialogue with the other religions. That was motivated by a theological discourse that condemned the fundamentalists and conservative majority practices among evangelicals. Social projects aimed at solving urgent social problems and in the country had been developed, following the example of the Land Rights Ecumenical Commission, which addressed the Pastoral Land Commission, under Catholic guidance. With the Military Dictatorship installed in Brazil in 1964, the Ecumenical Evangelical opponents of the military regime were persecuted, but they resisted and created Human Rights Committees, Human Rights defenders and the project named: Brazil Never More as well as actively participated in the national democratization process.","doi":"10.5007/2175-7976.2017v24n37p126","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fdbd3b1668aec79f285f122c7d95593c8d380f9b","result_position":50,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":149275721,"title":"Anglican Moral Theology and Ecumenical Dialogue","venue":"","year":2017,"authors":["P. Sedgwick"],"abstract":"This article argues that there has been conflict in Roman Catholic moral theology since the 1960s. This has overshadowed, but not prevented, ecumenical dialogue between the Roman Catholic and Anglican Communions, especially in ethics. Theologians from the Anglican tradition can help both the debate in Roman Catholic moral theology and the ecumenical impasse. The article examines the contributions of Richard Hooker, Jeremy Taylor, and Kenneth Kirk from 1600–1920, in the area of fundamental moral theology.","doi":"10.3390/REL8090199","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/20f031afe98887dbe9458a6a3380d92a61a52d10","result_position":51,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":244686375,"title":"Skisma dalam Gereja Protestan, Warisan yang dapat ditolak","venue":"","year":2021,"authors":["Rannu Sanderan"],"abstract":"All the differences among the church, the religious differences and those that were largely cultural or political, came together to cause the schism. It evoke when people or things are separate or become separate from other people or other thing. Opinions concerning the nature and consequences of schism vary with the different conceptions of the nature of the church. In the 20th century the ecumenical movement tried to worked for reunion among churches. The big result of the cooperation between Roman Catholics and Protestants after the second Vatican Council (1962–1965) has resulted in more flexible attitudes within the churches concerning the problems of schism. Then, in the Protestant church, schism is a rejectable legacy.","doi":"10.31219/osf.io/ah4tr","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cd996da93f3041aa1940ccf75a75e8c2311c7650","result_position":52,"is_clicked":false}],"string":"[\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 270468781,\n \"title\": \"Receiving Each Other's Gifts\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Dorothea Sattler\",\n \"Friederike Nüssel\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Using the example of the Lord's Supper and the eucharist, this article seeks to show the conditions which make a common liturgical celebration a gift of God to the community of believers in Jesus Christ. The form chosen is a dialogue between two theologians, both members of the German “Ecumenical Study Group of Protestant and Catholic Theologians”: Friederike Nüssel (Protestant, Heidelberg) and Dorothea Sattler (Roman Catholic, Münster). The focus is the group’s study “Together at the Lord's Table.” Based on extensive research the study group has formulated the vote to be invited to join in the celebration of the eucharist and the Lord's Supper, trusting in the self-giving presence of Jesus Christ. Ecumenical sensitivity in the shaping of liturgies is an obvious consequence. Individual confessional traditions have preserved an asset that others today can experience as a gift in the form of a reminder of the common origin: the celebration with shared bread and the chalice offered to all (in the background is the controversy over the lay chalice), the binding lectionaries and the remembrance of the dead. The criticism of the vote of the Ecumenical Study Group, especially from the Roman Catholic doctrinal side, primarily relates to the topics of ministry and understanding of the church. The Ecumenical Study Group advocates that eucharistic celebrations be led by duly ordained persons. The contribution is framed by introductory remarks on basic questions of ecumenical hermeneutics and by an outlook on the great importance of interdisciplinary theological study work from an ecumenical perspective.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1177/00393207231226076\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e84072dd3fc37c7d3e95832b4f021f049f3a8b12\",\n \"result_position\": 0,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 247181895,\n \"title\": \"Evangelicals and the Evangel\",\n \"venue\": \"VERBUM CHRISTI: JURNAL TEOLOGI REFORMED INJILI\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Horton\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In this article, the author argues on the importance of the Reformation. Despite over 500 years has passed since the reformation, the roman catholic church has not moved towards the true understanding of the gospel, in terms of justification as being declared right. Furthermore, in the author's context of American Evangelism, pelagianism seems taking over the mindset of the biblically illiterate. The preaching of the evangel that justifies the ungodly must be the call of the day.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.51688/vc8.2.2021.art1\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/071a350c544a19085210f91721d4b6fbcfd70922\",\n \"result_position\": 1,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 273034035,\n \"title\": \"Mariology in the Documents of Ecumenical Dialogue and Christian Unity\",\n \"venue\": \"Verbum Vitae\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Napiórkowski\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Ecumenical dialogues that seek to bring all followers of Christ closer to unity face many difficulties. One of them is the wrong understanding of ecumenism (doctrinal, spiritual and practical). Also an obstacle is the lack of distinction between the unity of Christians and the unity of the Churches. This article undertakes the presentation of another such difficulty in the path of Christian unity, which is the Mariological (doctrinal) and Marian (worship/devotion) issues. Ecumenical meetings, therefore, do not avoid such difficult topics concerning the Mother of the Lord, such as her virginity, Immaculate Conception, Assumption or her role as Mother of the Church. Many Christian traditions have different interpretations of these truths. Catholic and Orthodox communities even consider them an inalienable part of their spiritual heritage, while most Protestant communities have a more nuanced approach and do not accept these truths as binding, but reject them. A compilation of the documents to date relating to the Mother of God proves to be a big, positive surprise. Of course, these are writings of varying degrees of validity, as they come as much from international mixed official commissions as from national bilateral bodies or local debates. Nevertheless, both their prominence and impact, as well as their quantity, make it clear that the person and action of the Mother of Jesus nevertheless animates and strengthens the difficult rapprochement of the followers of her Divine Son.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.31743/vv.16739\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9dd0a6d465b93e0d71f9d12524f41eb7ae697ce1\",\n \"result_position\": 2,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 264821952,\n \"title\": \"The Scottish Presbyterian Defence of British Protestantism: The Scottish Reformation Society and the “Papal Aggression”, 1850–52\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Religious History\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ryan Mallon\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This article is a study of the Edinburgh-based anti-Catholic organisation, the Scottish Reformation Society, in the immediate aftermath of the 1850 restoration of the Roman Catholic hierarchy in England and Wales, commonly known at the time as the papal aggression . The papal aggression sent shockwaves throughout England and was viewed by Protestants as an illegal attempt to overthrow Britain ’ s civil and religious liberties by Pope Pius IX. Despite in practice only affecting England, the restoration also had a dramatic impact in Scotland, resulting in thousands of parlia-mentary petitions and sporadic bouts of communal violence. The Scottish Reforma-tion Society, led by the controversial Free Church of Scotland minister James Begg, was at the forefront of this Scottish Protestant response. The society was dominated by Scotland ’ s Presbyterian dissenters, particularly members of the estab-lishmentarian Free Church. The Free Church had formed out of the 1843 Disruption in the Established Church of Scotland, a momentous politico-ecclesiastical event which highlighted divisions between the British state and its Scottish church, the national kirk and dissent, and pro-establishment and voluntary ecclesiologies. By focusing on the in fl uence of a major Scottish anti-Catholic society during a turbulent period for British Protestantism, this article examines the gulf between the rhetoric of national Protestant unity and the reality of national, ideological, and denominational divisions within mid-nineteenth century Protestantism in the United Kingdom. It builds on existing research to highlight the various ways in which the anti-Catholic movement was fractured on denominational lines and re fl ected the wider tensions of Scottish ecclesiastical politics in the years after the Disruption.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1111/1467-9809.12820\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/67847708e4fccf0145f21a6d03beb5257242390f\",\n \"result_position\": 3,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 245029586,\n \"title\": \"The distanced closeness. The model of ecumenical relations between Catholics and Protestants – sociological contexts\",\n \"venue\": \"Studia Oecumenica\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Wojciech Klimski\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The article deals with the nature of ecumenical relations between Catholics and Protestants. In order to grasp their specificity, they are compared with everyday relations which are not focused on building religious unity between these Christians. This analysis served to reconstruct the model of ecumenism presented on the websites of Catholic weeklies. Additionally, a reflection has been undertaken on the possibility of supporting the ecumenical movement by these services. The analysis is conducted in the sociological perspective on the basis of empirical studies of the content of the Internet services of the Catholic weekly magazines “Gość Niedzielny” and “Niedziela”. Content analysis was applied as a research method, and the texts dedicated to the 500th anniversary of the Reformation were studied. This selection of empirical material resulted from the fact that ecumenical themes are rarely taken up in the Catholic press, and the jubilee caused greater interest in them. The sources used were also found research on interfaith relations. The analysis shows that relations between Catholics and Protestants are close and characterised by openness, but they are also marked by distance and remembrance of a difficult history. Moreover, the model of ecumenism promoted by the websites is superficial and concentrates, among other things, on its practical aspect at the expense of its spiritual and theological dimension. The websites of Catholic weekly newspapers, on the other hand, face a hitherto untapped opportunity to support the ecumenical movement.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.25167/so.3933\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b240966099c3c15c1a50fe372abe3975c439db7f\",\n \"result_position\": 4,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 225770528,\n \"title\": \"Seeking Solidarity between Protestant and Catholic Churches for Social Justice in Korea: The Case of the Korea Christian Action Organization for Urban Industrial Mission (Saseon) (1976–1989)\",\n \"venue\": \"Religions\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Mina Kim\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The Korea Christian Action Organization for Urban Industrial Mission (Hanguk-gyohoe-sahoeseongyo-hyeubuihoe (Saseon)) was an organization which devoted itself not only to the Korean democratization movement against the military dictatorship, but also to the movement for the improvement of the quality of life of laborers, farmers, and the urban poor from 1976 to 1989. Saseon, a joint organization of Protestants and Catholics, trained activists dedicated to democratization and the people’s right to life movements. The Protestants and Catholics of Saseon believed that participation in social movements was missionary work building the Kingdom of God on Earth, and that they could set a good example of solidarity with a common goal of social justice and a mission for the poor which transcended their theological differences. This paper will illuminate the cooperation between Korean Protestant and Catholic churches toward the common goal of social justice, focusing on the case of Saseon.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/rel11060278\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fea600200d67b5b8f90e5e3c856bd200d6845bad\",\n \"result_position\": 5,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 261330506,\n \"title\": \"Sharing the Eucharist? Critical Comments from a Canonical Perspective on the Statement “Together at the Lord’s Table” (2019) of the Ecumenical Study Group of Protestant and Catholic Theologians\",\n \"venue\": \"Ecumeny and Law\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Dvořáček\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The following article analyses the statement of the Ecumenical Study Group of Protestant and Catholic Theologians entitled “Together at the Lord’s Table” (2019) from the perspective of canon law of the Latin Church. First, it briefly presents the content of the statement, then it summarises the opinion of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. The article shows that the alternate participation in the Protestant and Catholic service of celebrating the Lord’s Supper / Eucharist by virtue of baptism alone is problematic from the perspective of Catholic canon law. Canon law builds on Catholic ecclesiology and sacramentology, based on the connection between baptism and the Church as well as the Church, the ministerial priesthood, and the celebration of the Eucharist. The article, then, shows the instruments of canon law for the protection of the Catholic faith regarding the apostolic succession as the only valid condition for presiding over the Eucharistic community and the Eucharist as the substantial presence of Christ. In the final chapter, the implications of participation in ecumenical worship for the Catholic faithful will be summarised. The participation of Protestants in Catholic worship, as proposed by the Statement, is not explicitly regulated by canon law. The CIC, in Canon 844 § 4, lays down only the conditions under which Protestants may licitly receive selected sacraments (the Eucharist, the anointing of the sick and the sacrament of penance), while for a valid reception of the Eucharist their baptism alone enables them.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.31261/eal.2022.10.2.05\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6950f1b1fc4a0897017e3eeb2d139dbcd24f2f7c\",\n \"result_position\": 6,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 268900076,\n \"title\": \"Ecumeny at a Crossroads: Toward Unity or Community?\",\n \"venue\": \"Religions\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Rajmund Porada\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This article addresses determinants of the ecumenical impetus’ weakening in the second half of the twentieth century. This situation invokes a key question about the purpose of the ecumenical journey. Despite the complexity and multiplicity of problems dividing the Churches, it was acknowledged that the main reason for stagnation was differences in understanding the Church. The Dominus Iesus declaration represented a kind of caesura, one marking a divergence in the aims of the ecumenical path, especially in Catholic–Protestant relations. Since then, certain statements on the Protestant side signal a clear attempt at distancing themselves from the concept of visible unity. They have come to prefer an alternative model of a community of Churches. Some have, in turn, put forward arguments for the apparent nature of such an alternative. In fact, the realisation of the Church’s visible unity can only take place “through” and “in” the community of various Churches. The Church herself is the assembly (community) of all peoples and nations in one people under God.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/rel15040454\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/eb1ca37df3efe36de2611cde703ca931112312d2\",\n \"result_position\": 7,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 218818936,\n \"title\": \"Fifty Years of International Catholic–Lutheran Dialogue: Much Consensus, Little Fellowship?\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ola Tjørhom\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This article presents an overview and an assessment of the international Catholic–Lutheran dialogue through fifty years. During the process, a theological rapprochement that few had dreamt of when the work began has been manifested. In the text Facing Unity (1984), even a detailed plan for a processual realization of Catholic–Lutheran church fellowship is sketched. However, this plan has not been implemented, and the achieved doctrinal convergence has not been transformed into concrete forms of unity. The author also seeks to uncover some of the main causes of this impasse, largely reflecting challenges in contemporary ecumenism.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1177/0040563920912893\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8edb13b0f914bd239780c7bc90b5beb15710684e\",\n \"result_position\": 8,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 245339032,\n \"title\": \"Neutralizing Secularism: Religious Antiliberalism and the Twentieth-Century Global Ecumenical Project\",\n \"venue\": \"The Journal of Law and Religion\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Rabiat Akande\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract A marked feature of the contemporary U.S. constitutional landscape is the campaign by an Evangelical-Catholic coalition against the idea of secularism, understood by this alliance to mean the exclusion of religion from the state and its progressive marginalization from social life. Departing from the tendency to treat this project as a national phenomenon, this article places it within a longer global genealogy of an earlier international Christian ecumenical effort to combat secularism. The triumph of that campaign culminated in the making of Article 18 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, now considered the paradigmatic international legal provision on religious liberty. Article 18’s protection of the rights to proselytize and convert, I argue, was a product of an impassioned contestation between an ecumenical movement keen on securing the prerogative to spread the gospel to the non-Christian world and a secularism in a strange alliance with Islam in the region that held the greatest promise for the evangelical enterprise—Muslim Africa. In excavating the genealogy of ecumenical thought as it developed a critique of the so-called secularist threat, I recover the delicate links between the contemporary U.S. anti-secular campaign and the earlier ecumenical efforts.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1017/jlr.2022.18\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3b3bd326f96f3298fc15b09b441bcdaee05eff74\",\n \"result_position\": 9,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 221257438,\n \"title\": \"An Evangelical Protestant’s Reflections on Roman Catholic Mariology\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"B. Arbour\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract I count myself privileged to respond to Kenneth Collins and Jerry Walls recent book on Roman Catholicism. I live in Fort Worth, TX, and I am a member of Wedgwood Baptist Church, which is one of more than 40,000 churches that together comprise the Southern Baptist Convention. I mention this so readers will know that my comments come from a conservative Evangelical Protestant perspective, and my thinking stems from a tradition that is decidedly not Roman Catholic. Having said this, I’m much more sympathetic to Roman Catholicism than a great many Evangelicals, including Collins and Walls. I offer my criticisms of Rome, but I ask that readers not interpret me as someone who denies that the Roman Catholic Church counts as a Christian institution. In an effort to show good faith on this front, allow me to offer some defenses of Roman Catholicism against what I take to be over the top criticisms from some Protestant Evangelicals.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.2478/perc-2020-0026\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/deac6013051a323070f3cd5e851b49e3931c420f\",\n \"result_position\": 10,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 255151942,\n \"title\": \"“Please Love Our Asian American Neighbors”: Christian Responses to Anti-Asian Racism during the COVID-19 Pandemic\",\n \"venue\": \"Theology Today\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Borja\",\n \"Kayla Zhang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"How have American religious groups engaged in the issue of contemporary anti-Asian racism? This article examines statements issued by Christian denominations in the United States to understand how American Christians have responded to the recent rise in racist and violent attacks on Asian Americans during the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that while all of the statements condemned anti-Asian racism, Christian responses varied in significant ways: in how they understood the problem of racism, in what they prescribed as solutions, and in the degree to which they engaged in the particular experiences of Asian Americans.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1177/00405736221132863\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/15fb93bfe5ca6ebc0dc53248f23507a49f2039f1\",\n \"result_position\": 11,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 171405899,\n \"title\": \"Coming to Terms with the Reformation\",\n \"venue\": \"Open Theology\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Theodor Dieter\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract The quincentenary of the Reformation in 2017 challenged different actors or subjects (such as civil societies, states, and churches) to come to terms with ‟the” Reformation. This article argues for gaining an awareness of the constructive character of the word ‟Reformation”, so that ‟coming to terms with the Reformation” will mean different things depending on the particular meaning of ‟Reformation,” and, of course, depending on the different acting subjects. The article focuses mainly on how the Lutheran World Federation (LWF) and the Roman Catholic church addressed and answered the challenge of a common commemoration and celebration of the Reformation on a global level, especially with a view to previous centenaries that led to serious religious conflicts between Protestants and Catholics. The article analyzes how ecumenical dialogues allowed for a common perception by Lutherans and Catholics of the theological and spiritual gifts of the Reformation for the whole church, and how distinguishing this meaning of ‟Reformation” from another meaning of ‟Reformation” that denotes the sequence of events leading to the split of the Western church was the basis of the historic ecumenical prayer service with Pope Francis in Lund (Sweden) and the leaders of the Lutheran World Federation on October 31, 2016, commemorating the Reformation both in gratitude and lament and committing themselves to continue on the journey from conflict to communion.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1515/opth-2018-0048\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/362b898e29141b7285c2b7f1d71dad0224ccfabe\",\n \"result_position\": 12,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 273792982,\n \"title\": \"Epistemic Egoism and the Protestant Uses of Tradition\",\n \"venue\": \"TheoLogica: An International Journal for Philosophy of Religion and Philosophical Theology\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"E. Kojonen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Although ecumenical dialogue has highlighted many commonalities between Protestants, Catholics, and Orthodox, many issues still remain contentious. One often recurring suspicion is that the Protestant idea of sola scriptura inevitably leads to an individualistic religiosity, neglecting the importance of the divinely guided Christian tradition and Christian church teaching for understanding the Bible. In this article, I relate this critique to the idea of “epistemic egoism”, as defined by Linda Zagzebski, and develop an alternative Protestant social epistemology based on tradition as the “democracy of the dead”, error-corrected by sola scriptura. I test this Protestant theological epistemology against two recent criticisms: (1) the “Conciliar Argument Against Protestantism” (CAAP), arguing that Protestantism fails to provide consistent criteria for valuing conciliar authority as a guide to biblical interpretation, and (2) the “Scriptural Argument Against Dogmatic Protestantism”, arguing that sola scriptura, when understood in light of theological disagreement, ultimately becomes self-refuting in the absence of properly guiding theological authority. I argue, however, that sola scriptura is compatible with assigning an important epistemic role to both tradition and community, and that Protestant principles of theological reasoning can be defended further using recent theories in social epistemology.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.14428/thl.v9i1.83593\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5d8361b4c9104fd036f4961d8c7102c39f2735ca\",\n \"result_position\": 13,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 259743292,\n \"title\": \"The Latin American Bullring: US Evangelicals and the Reception of Anti-Protestant Violence from Cold War Colombia\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of American Studies\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"David C. Kirkpatrick\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In the shadow of the Cuban Revolution, American Baptist preacher Billy Graham and US President John F. Kennedy barnstormed South America through overlapping tours in 1961 and 1962. Kennedy's presidency has often been presented as an intermission in the drama of evangelical political power, but grassroots activism provides new angles for analysis at the intersection of the US and Latin America. While claiming an apolitical stance, Graham worked alongside the US State Department, planting spiritual seeds on the tilled ground of foreign policy. Graham – and Protestant leaders orbiting him – curated acts of violence, painting a picture of persecution for a watching public. This narrative employed violence to draw lines of worldwide spiritual affiliation and political obligation. US evangelicals placed themselves as custodians of America's most sacred values at home and abroad, responsible for upholding democratic values, including religious tolerance, the rule of law, and anticommunism. Graham's tactics created an entangled relationship with Kennedy, where Graham arose as a metaphorical matador, fighting for persecuted Christians. Here, American evangelicals could flex their growing political muscle, while operating as an imagined religious minority community. Narratives, discourses, and representations of violence circulated transnationally and acquired differing meanings depending on the political interests of those mobilizing them.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1017/S0021875823000257\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e174ac0333eed9a363f8116bb4caca419caf8440\",\n \"result_position\": 14,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 274627553,\n \"title\": \"Theology Goes Public: Richard Shaull’s Dialogue with Public Issues, Social Sciences, and Ecumenism in “The New Revolutionary Mood in Latin America” (1962)\",\n \"venue\": \"Religions\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jefferson Zeferino\",\n \"Rudolf von Sinner\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Since the arrival of Protestants in Brazil, the presence of Protestant educational institutions became a reality. Seminaries were founded at the end of the 19th century, focusing on the training of clergy without much concern for dialogue with other churches or with society at large. Public issues, ecumenism—through dialogue and cooperation between Protestants and Catholics—and interdisciplinary theological approaches only became current concerns in the mid-twentieth century, especially with liberation theologies—both Protestant and Catholic. Before that, however, one of the authors who was able to grasp these dimensions in his theological endeavour was Richard Shaull, who, through his theological method, opened a dialogue with the social sciences in order to interpret the reality in which he placed Christian action and mission. Through bibliographical research and document analysis, focusing on the reading of “The New Revolutionary Mood in Latin America”, a report on Latin America presented by Shaull to the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the U.S.A. Missionary Board, the article aims to show Shaull’s theology, institutionally located, as one that thinks about public issues in dialogue with social sciences and considers its implications for and within Christian churches. In the light of studies on public theology, this paper presents Richard Shaull’s writings as a theological approach to the church, considering its ecumenical stance; to society, considering its most pressing issues of the time; and to academia, through the interdisciplinary dialogue he undertakes with the social sciences.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/rel15121494\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fd6fb3ca5062fec71fdf74f0ee6789ec3533137a\",\n \"result_position\": 15,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 265201956,\n \"title\": \"Imaginative Ecumenism—Rethinking the Paradigm from an Anglican Perspective\",\n \"venue\": \"Religions\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Morris\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This article reviews the history of the ecumenical movement from an English Anglican perspective, exploring its successes and limitations. It suggests that ecumenical aspirations risk being bogged down in incremental ecumenism, the pursuit of small steps in inter-church relations. A worked example is the Porvoo agreement, which depended on a new paradigm of the Anglican understanding of order, yet which has not been applied equivalently elsewhere. The necessity of unity is reasserted, and a call for a more imaginative, eschatological paradigm of unity is made. Some implications for Anglican ecumenism are briefly explored.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/rel14111410\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/35e1bcc60f6717bbae4523afcf49d6f3255bc075\",\n \"result_position\": 16,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 251939814,\n \"title\": \"Liturgika Josefa Smolíka: Kapitola z dějin české evangelické liturgiky\",\n \"venue\": \"TEOLOGICKÁ REFLEXE\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Tabita Landová\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The Czech protestant practical theologian Josef Smolík (1922–2009) taught liturgics at the Comenius Theological Faculty in Prague for many decades and contributed significantly to the Agenda of the Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren (1983, 1988). This article presents Smolík’s contribution to the development of protestant liturgy in the Czech Republic and also indicates in what areas contemporary liturgics has advanced. Smolík was initially strongly influenced by the theology of the Word, but at the same time absorbed the inspiration from the liturgical movement of the first half of the 20th century. After the Second Vatican Council, he further reconsidered some of his liturgical positions under the influence of the ecumenical movement. His work in the field of liturgics is still valued in academic circles at the Protestant Theological Faculty in Prague and in the church. However, it also has its sharp critics. His reform proposals have not been fully implemented in the worship of the church. From the point of view of contemporary liturgy, his theological reflection on worship, the relationship between Word and liturgical form, and the relationship between Word and sacraments should be appreciated. However, his attitude to the anthropological aspects of worship, from which he maintained a constant distance, should be critically evaluated.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.14712/27880796.2022.1.4\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/887f1f2434c149a4abd30c6e7d4641980f61a924\",\n \"result_position\": 17,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 245120934,\n \"title\": \"Culture, Religion, and Corruption/Prosperity (A), (B), (C), (1), (2)\",\n \"venue\": \"“Ye Shall Know Them by Their Fruits”\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jason García Portilla\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This chapter characterises the relations between culture, religion, and corruption/prosperity. It advances the explanations of the prosperity–religion nexus from the perspective of cultural attributes (e.g. trust, individualism, familialism) by comparing Roman Catholic and Protestant theologies.Protestant denominations have mostly relinquished their founding principles, while “Rome never changes” as per the Italian saying. Despite the progress after Vatican II, Roman Catholicism has not markedly altered its beliefs and practices or its institutional founding principles (i.e. Canon Law) since medieval times. The political repercussions of an ecumenism in “Rome terms” are beyond its theological or religious implications.Liberation theology urged the Latin American Roman Church to break away from its imperialist origins and favouritism for landlords, industrialists, and power elites. However, liberation theology never became the mainstream or hegemonic Catholic theology in Latin America.Distinct Protestant theologies and organisational forms have led to distinct outcomes. New forms of Protestantism (i.e. Pentecostalism) placing less emphasis on education are less likely to have a positive social impact than previous (historical) Protestant versions. Some Protestant denominations still adhere to intertextual historicist biblical interpretation and hold the belief that the papacy continues to be “Satan’s synagogue” today.The heavily criticised Prosperity Gospel (PG) movement has syncretic roots in Pentecostalism, New Thought, and African American religion, and is composed mainly of the middle classes and blacks.While syncretism has been a natural process in all religions, Jews and historical Protestants have tended to be more anti-syncretic given their Scriptural base of beliefs. In turn, the importance of traditions, in Roman Catholicism for instance, has led to include more non-orthodox rituals in its practice.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/978-3-030-78498-0_10\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/49cbaedda4a1f5945efb65c474628e64d229410f\",\n \"result_position\": 18,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 245298467,\n \"title\": \"Schism – and Reformed theology?\",\n \"venue\": \"Acta Theologica\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"D. J. Smit\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The article deals with the question of schism in the Reformed faith and ecclesiology, by focusing on four fundamental issues developed in the form of five theses each. These fundamental issues involve, first, the wellknown Reformed passion for the unity and catholicity of the church; secondly, the equally widely known traditional Reformed problems and troubling experiences with questions of unity and catholicity; thirdly, some typically Reformed theological perspectives on unity and catholicity as their contribution to ecumenical thought and practice, and, finally, some concrete and urgent practical challenges currently facing the Reformed faith and world community regarding unity and catholicity.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.18820/23099089/actat.v41i2.10\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/006e56dc5a084f13f128e9f7df2981bd25bb9e99\",\n \"result_position\": 19,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 235500596,\n \"title\": \"A Tentative Proposal to Use Orthodox Theological Relational Selfhood as an Alternative for Confucian-Influenced Chinese Evangelicals\",\n \"venue\": \"Religions\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Tsung-I Hwang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Eastern Orthodox Christianity and Chinese evangelicals have rarely interacted. Even if it seems that Eastern Orthodox Christianity and its theology have hardly influenced Chinese evangelicals in the past, this article demonstrates the possibility that Orthodox theology can still indirectly transform Confucian-influenced Chinese evangelicals. Moltmann, a great contemporary Protestant theologian, is influenced deeply by Stăniloae, a great modern Eastern Orthodox theologian, particularly in the development of social trinitarian theology in Eastern Orthodox heritage. Moltmann argues that social trinitarian anthropology can prevent the social and individual problems appeared in the societies shaped by either individualism or collectivism. Selfhood is one academic language used to discuss this relationship between the self and society. Despite modernization and westernization, contemporary Chinese people are still deeply influenced by Confucian models of relational selfhood. Even for Chinese evangelicals who had converted years ago, their way of thinking and behavior might be as much Confucian as biblical. The Confucian-influenced collectivist mindset may lead to problematic selfhood and more challenging interpersonal relationships. This article uses Orthodox theology via Moltmann’s social trinitarian, Stăniloae-inspired approach to develop an alternative relational selfhood for contemporary Chinese Christians.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/REL12050321\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bc461b7b5bdf176a5e4b78fd0e3e262aa535c602\",\n \"result_position\": 20,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 225575987,\n \"title\": \"From revolutionary texts to rebellious readers: What is Leitura Popular da Bíblia and is it really ‘popular’?\",\n \"venue\": \"Radical Americas\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"G. McGeoch\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Inspired by Paulo’s Freire’s popular education for adults and liberation theology’s ‘option for the poor’, Leitura Popular da Bíblia (LPB) was pioneered among poor urban and rural communities throughout Latin America. It emphasised participatory methodologies, critical thinking and community solutions to problems interpreted as political. Importantly, in its early phase, it accompanied and was inserted into revolutionary political and social movements. This article addresses the methodology of LPB and asks critical questions about the notion of ‘popular’ deployed by some liberation theologies. It problematises the community-based presentation of popular in LPB and asks how LPB can transgress its traditional spaces – favelas, factories, student unions – into newly politicised territories that root emancipatory practices in gender, race and (inter-)religious experiences. The article draws on insights from the experiences of LPB currently used in popular movements in Brazil and Latin America, and considers the wider implications for LPB in light of changing popular experiences and changing practices in revolutionary political and social movements.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.14324/111.444.ra.2020.v5.1.003\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1315101b96d62e450ca1a4ae2224775ca2877e70\",\n \"result_position\": 21,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 151236353,\n \"title\": \"Believing in the Church: Why Ecumenism Needs the Invisibility of the Church\",\n \"venue\": \"Religions\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Bradford Littlejohn\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Amidst the plethora of approaches to ecumenical dialogue and church reunion over the last century, a common theme has been the depreciation of the classic Protestant distinction between the “visible” and “invisible” church. Often seen as privileging an abstract predestinarianism over the concrete lives and structures of church communities and underwriting a complacency about division that deprives Christians of any motive to ecumenical endeavor, the concept of the “invisible” church has been widely marginalized in favor of a renewed focus on the “visible” church as the true church. However, I argue that this stress on visible unity creates a pressure toward institutional forms of unity that ultimately privilege Roman Catholic ecclesiologies at the expense of Protestant ones, and thus fails of its ecumenical promise. Renewed attention to Reformational understandings of the relationship between divine grace and human action and the centrality and uniqueness of Christ as the foundation of the church, I argue, dispels some misunderstandings of the church’s “invisibility” and demonstrates the indispensability of the concept. I argue that this Reformational framework, which refuses to accept the empirical divisions of the Church as definitive and summons us to an ecumenism that belongs to the church’s sanctification, provides the best theological ground for ecumenical endeavor.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/REL10020104\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a09952c0548e870eaa9716530ed3088f6a0f2f98\",\n \"result_position\": 22,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 240886633,\n \"title\": \"FRENCH PROTESTANTISM AND ITS AMBIVALENT ATTITUDE TOWARD CULTURE\",\n \"venue\": \"VERBUM CHRISTI: JURNAL TEOLOGI REFORMED INJILI\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"P. Wells\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Protestantism in France has an ambiguous attitude to the surrounding culture, because of its position as a small minority. The other forces present are Roman Catholic authoritarianism and the liberal free-thinking of Enlightenment humanism, represented by the likes of Voltaire and Rousseau. The paradox is that since the Revolution in 1789, which was anti-royal and anti-religious, when Protestantism has sided with the majority Roman Church it has undermined its Reformed identity, and when it has sided with libertarian free-thinking it has undermined its Christian identity. This remains a feature of French Protestantism until the present day. As a result of this tension, the thought of one of France’s greatest thinkers, John Calvin, became virtually unknown, not only in French culture and society as a whole, but also within French Protestantism itself. \\nKEYWORDS: Protestant, Reformed, French, Catholic\",\n \"doi\": \"10.51688/vc6.2.2019.art1\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3d6e8da2efb23ee5738eb084d2bcd0798791c91e\",\n \"result_position\": 23,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 211452744,\n \"title\": \"Dynamics and Stability in Globally Expanding Charismatic Religions: The Case of the Vineyard Movement in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland\",\n \"venue\": \"Entangled Religions\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Maren Freudenberg\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This article examines processes of religious transfer taking place in the neo-Charismatic Vineyard movement by analyzing the development of the German-speaking branch, Vineyard Deutschland, Österreich, Schweiz (DACH), in comparison to its American sister association. By drawing from first-hand interviews with congregational leaders and analyses of websites and other digital and print material, the article shows that Vineyard DACH is pursuing an unusually collaborative strategy to integrate into the German-speaking Christian landscape by forging close ties to both the Christian mainstream and its periphery. At the same time, it accentuates its identity as part of the international Vineyard network as a global charismatic movement. In this way, it negotiates the tension between the dynamics of expansion and the stability of a coherent self-identity, which is a distinguishing trait of Pentecostal-Charismatic Christianity. This development may be indicative of broader changes occurring in the religious landscape of German-speaking Europe in the early twenty-first century.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.13154/ER.8.2019.8353\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/390bbaf8e50f31429a92f913150e2ab4ccee7a36\",\n \"result_position\": 24,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 171849728,\n \"title\": \"PROTESTANTISM – THE ORIGIN AND ESSENCE OF ITS TEACHINGS\",\n \"venue\": \"Facta Universitatis Series Philosophy Sociology Psychology and History\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"D. Todorovic\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The paper presents the following: 1) The factors which preceded the break of the unique Western Church (spiritual movements within the Roman Catholic Church, which requested a new kind of piety, a New-Century thought by most influential European humanists which was inspired by individualism, a changed political climate under the influence of the Humanism and Renaissance, the rise of the civil class and the invention of the printing press), 2) the founders of Protestant teachings (Martin Luther, Thomas Mincer, Philip Spener, Jean Calvin, Ulrich Zwingli) and 3) the rules of religious life among the newly converted (principles: Ecclesia reformata sed semper reformanda, Soli Deo Gloria, Solo Christo, Sola scriptura, Sola gratia, Sola fide, etc.). \",\n \"doi\": \"10.22190/FUPSPH1803179T\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/007903340d234a2b1b6fcb38644a618d3e2d9ec9\",\n \"result_position\": 25,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 148650394,\n \"title\": \"Radical orthodoxy: its ecumenical vision\",\n \"venue\": \"Acta Theologica\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"G. Ward\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The first book in the Series Radical Orthodoxy (RO) was not meant to be programmatic or set out to change the direction of modern theology. There are certain shared sensibilities among its authors and, principally, an ecumenical vision. This article sketches the nature of that ecumenical vision that begins with the way in which secularism has enabled Christians to look beyond their own denominational borders and even share resources. This is bottom-up ecumenism nurtured by multiple belonging and a global understanding of Christianities that has helped “de-colonize” theology and rethink political theology. RO, it is argued, can be a resource for the South African de-colonization of Christian theology. In its critiques of modernity and secular reasoning, RO points the way towards doing theology in, through and beyond traditional and disciplinary boundaries – but South Africa has to make it its own.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.18820/23099089/ACTAT.V37I1S.1\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9b0070a3daa8843dcb1a2a6f85a9edb4a7e5613c\",\n \"result_position\": 26,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 188078484,\n \"title\": \"Ekumeniczna krytyka kapitalizmu - wybrane podejścia\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Piotr Kopiec\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The ecumenical movement from the very beginning stressed a significance of the social commitment. It is reflected in the last decade in the harsh criticism of the capitalist social order. Article discusses selected examples of the critical ecumenical interpretation of capitalism: the Accra Confession by the World Communion of Reformed Churches (2004), the programme of economy of life by the World Council of Churches and the radicalizing Reformation ecumenical project (2014). It aims to demonstrate convergences in the theological and philosophical assumptions of the discussed approaches. Furthermore, it asks about similarities between the presented ecumenical reflections and the teaching of the Pope Francis.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.18290/rt.2018.65.7-11\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1c302a5c5ddfbfae989b9b64ac043cc9ffec6d91\",\n \"result_position\": 27,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 158251385,\n \"title\": \"Reformed Churches Working in Unity and Diversity: Global Historical, Theological and Ethical Perspectives\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"G. Duncan\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The constituent papers are grouped into three sections. The first is on historical, social and pedagogical aspects, considered from Scottish, Hungarian, English, Romanian and USA perspectives. The second focuses on theological concepts and particularly the relationship between Calvin’s view of the Trinity, the African concept of ubuntu, the sanctification of French Protestantism and Calvin’s academic legacy. The third considers ethical perspectives on the mission of Reformed churches, sola caritate as a response to economic justice, collaboration in the ecumenical movement, reinterpreting work and vocation for a changing global political landscape and the issue of how to deal with tensions between denominations.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.25159/2412-4265/4033\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6ba3b60dd8acd9ae1341776a18ee4d4415bb9bb2\",\n \"result_position\": 28,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 55551580,\n \"title\": \"The political responsibility of the Protestant churches in Brazil: A post-coup d’état approach towards the 500th anniversary of the Reformation\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Felipe Gustavo Koch Buttelli\",\n \"C. L. Bruyns\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This article grapples with the actual political context internationally, focusing on the Brazilian Coup d’etat more specifically. It reflects on the responsibility of the Protestant churches in this watershed experience of the celebration of the five hundredth anniversary of the Reformation that happens during a time of crisis. It suggests an apocalyptic approach for theology towards the radical transformation of society, regarding especially the actual crisis of financial Capitalism. It starts from the contextual analyses of Protestantism in Brazilian society, historically and contemporarily. It then reflects on the actual challenges of protestant churches in such a context and suggests some theological assertions towards an apocalyptical theology for the end of Capitalism.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.17570/stj.2017.v3n1.a02\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/79bf4d99d3120ba71de224c88d3140e1edd74f6c\",\n \"result_position\": 29,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 151660349,\n \"title\": \"The Protestant Search for ‘the Universal Christian Community’ between Decolonization and Communism †\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"G. Zubovich\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This article investigates the history of American Protestant thought about peoples living beyond the North Atlantic West, in Asia in particular, from 1900 to the 1960s. It argues that Protestant thought about the Global South was marked by a tension between universalism and particularism. Protestants believed that their religion was universal because its core insights about the world were meant for everyone. At the same time, Protestant intellectuals were attentive to the demands of their coreligionists abroad, who argued that decolonization should herald a greater appreciation for national differences. The article traces three distinct stages of Protestant attempts to resolve these tensions; support for imperialism in the early twentieth century, then for human rights at mid-century, and finally for pluralism in the 1960s. In doing so, it shows that the specter of the Soviet Union intensified the Protestant appreciation of national differences and ultimately led to the disavowal of Protestant universalism.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/REL8020017\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/889cdc87c13b4d21254b4224f65aeb023b2b1982\",\n \"result_position\": 30,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 149322052,\n \"title\": \"Reappropriating sacramental thinking within Protestant Evangelicalism: A move towards systemic awareness\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"D. D. Elliott\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The dissertation on which this article is based, has been a polemical study aimed at exploring the sacramental theology of the late Roman Catholic theologian, Edward Schillebeeckx and thereby using it as a ‘foil’ against which to propose an alternative, if not renewed, ecclesiology for Protestant Evangelicalism. The study accomplished this aim within the framework of a systematic theological method with an approach that was inclusive of theological inquiry as well as sociological theory and praxis. Engaging Schillebeeckx with some significant conversation partners, both Roman Catholic and Protestants, has drawn out his hermeneutical inconsistencies. Two observations have emerged from this informed dialogue: Firstly, it established Schillebeeckx’s sacramental theology as upholding the systemic awareness of Roman Catholic sacramental thought. Secondly, insofar as the Protestant tradition is concerned, it established that, in spite of the diverse sacramental views within Reformation thought and Protestant evangelicalism, in particular, the doctrine of grace is upheld as foundational for the church. With a more directed focus on the diverse views concerning the Lord’s Supper, the dissertation honed in on the trajectories of Zwingli (‘symbolic memorialism’), Bullinger (‘symbolic parallelism’) and Calvin (‘symbolic instrumentalism’). Emerging from this exploration, a Zwingli-Bullinger confluence has been proposed.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.4102/IDS.V51I1.2229\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a311f994f8af437ea39323103a1086df298bdaeb\",\n \"result_position\": 31,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 199294236,\n \"title\": \"THE FIVE SOLAS OF THE REFORMATION: THEN AND NOW\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"G. Williams\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract: After a description of the five solas of the Protestant Reformation and their biblical basis, the rejection of the solas by the Roman Catholic Church at Trent and Vatican I is traced, focusing on revelation, justification, and worship. The account of Roman Catholic theology is brought up to date by an examination of changes that occurred at Vatican II. A different stance toward Protestants and the wider world is explained by a shift in the Church’s view of the nature-grace relationship. Despite this change, the core commitments of the Catholic Church on revelation, justification, and worship remain unaltered. They are held within a less adversarial but still expansionist Rome-centered theology that Protestants must continue to resist.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.35285/UCC3.1.2017.ART1\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/476c030214e6d4d95f6f616695d7fbb2e01e5af0\",\n \"result_position\": 32,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 234835828,\n \"title\": \"When the Gap between Academic Theology and the Church Makes Possible the Orthodox–Evangelical Dialogue\",\n \"venue\": \"Religions\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"D. Jemna\",\n \"Dan Mǎnǎstireanu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In the church tradition, we find that the great theologians were also deeply involved in the life of the church as bishops, priests, or pastors who served the believers in their parishes, though, even at that time, practicing theology started to drift apart from performing pastoral work. In Modernity, however, things began to change radically, especially with the development of theology as an academic discipline and even more so with the development of the profession of the theologian specializing in religious studies. This phenomenon penetrated Protestant churches in particular, but it is also found in Orthodoxy. In this study, we advance the hypothesis that, despite its negative connotation, the gap between academic theology and church life opens up the possibility of a promising dialogue between Evangelicals and the Orthodox in Romania. Especially in the last 30 years, theologians from both communities have interacted in the context of doctoral research, scientific conferences, and research projects, although the dialogue between church leaders and hierarchs is almost non-existent. We analyze whether this incipient theological dialogue could possibly create a bridge between the two communities and within them and between academia and the church. We believe that one of the best ways to reduce the distance between them is to build on the interest of the current generation of theologians from both churches in Biblical studies, in Patristic theology, and in the work of the Romanian theologian Dumitru Stăniloae.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/REL12040274\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/07802707cfe4939ab556f67b03425e7ecc22aca8\",\n \"result_position\": 33,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 252272453,\n \"title\": \"“The worker deserves his wages”? Religion and support for organized labor in the U.S. Senate\",\n \"venue\": \"Politics and Religion\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"John McTague\",\n \"Shanna Pearson‐Merkowitz\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"\\n This article examines the relationship between senators' personal religious affiliations and their roll-call voting record on organized labor's policy agenda. While an impressive body of literature now demonstrates clear connections between religion and representation in the U.S. Congress, fewer studies have linked religion to issues outside of the realm of cultural and moral policy. Based on a data set spanning 1980 through 2020, our findings show that evangelical Protestants are significantly the most opposed to organized labor's legislative agenda, while Jewish senators are the most supportive. Other religions fall in between, depending on the decade. The findings imply that the reach of religion in Congress may run even deeper than is commonly understood. It extends beyond the culture wars to one of the most salient issue cleavages in the modern history of the American politics.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1017/s1755048322000281\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a9bdffa80c4b9d3cb4b5097c71254737c836ded8\",\n \"result_position\": 34,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 274420573,\n \"title\": \"The Leuenberg Agreement and Polish Evangelical Churches\",\n \"venue\": \"Roczniki Teologiczne\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jerzy Sojka\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The article aims to analyse the significance of the Leuenberg Agreement for the Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Poland, the Evangelical Reformed Church in Poland and the Evangelical Methodist Church in Poland in three contexts. Firstly, the relationship between the Leuenberg Agreement and bilateral agreements introducing altar and pulpit fellowship between Polish Churches. Secondly, the question of how the Leuenberg Agreement influenced the proposals put forward in the Polish ecumenical debate to create a single united Polish Protestant Church. Finally, the reception of the Leuenberg Agreement and other work of the Communion of Protestant Churches in Europe in the life of Polish Evangelical Churches.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.36124/rt.2024.19\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b49d581ec0ea794949054d82064168b7fe8e4257\",\n \"result_position\": 35,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 265362674,\n \"title\": \"Ecumenism in St Andrews: A fact and a mandate\",\n \"venue\": \"Theology in Scotland\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Paulus de Jong\",\n \"Jared Michelson\",\n \"Trevor Hart\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In a three-way conversation, ministers from Baptist, Presbyterian, and Episcopal churches in St Andrews, Fife reflect on their experience of ecumenical theology and local church practice. As they wrestle with the reality of the Church’s disunity, they seek to draw out some specific biblical, theological, and practical resources which have been especially helpful in their own ecumenical practice as local church ministers. What clearly emerges as a central feature is the gift which denominational differences and diversities can bring out of ecumenical efforts. Encountering sisters and brothers in other ecclesial communities can play a crucial role in enriching our own ecclesial identities, but, as these authors emphasise, it requires pushing against the consumerist competition which can easily creep up on us in a shrinking church ‘market’. Remaining open to the gift of another – in this case, another Christian communal expression – is at the heart of anything that can be called genuine ecumenism.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.15664/tis.v30i2.2666\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d4e23e0feb15fdfe9ad0edc538cbe6ab4852b6dd\",\n \"result_position\": 36,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 262133278,\n \"title\": \"‘One Baptism for the Remission of Sins’: Exploring the Harmony Between Christian Platonism, Reformed Soteriology, and Credobaptism\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Samuel G. Parkinson\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract In recent years, Protestant theology—particularly of the Reformed and evangelical variety—has shown an increased interest in historical retrieval. Various theologians have engaged in the work of mining the Great Tradition of Christianity in order to resource contemporary theology with wisdom from the past. Presupposed in this work of retrieval is a claim that is by no means a foregone conclusion for Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox theologians: the notion that Protestants also lay claim to the Great Tradition of the ‘one, holy, catholic, and apostolic church.’ Protestant theologians working on retrieval believe they are drawing from their own heritage, not the heritage of another. While it may appear counterintuitive to do so, this paper seeks to defend this notion by drawing together three terms commonly considered disparate: Christian Platonism, Reformed soteriology, and Baptist sacramentalism. It disputes two popular insistences: first, that Reformed soteriology depends on a nominalism that contradicts the realism of the Christian-Platonic metaphysical tradition; and second, that the Baptist view of baptism amounts to mere symbolism (and thus depends on nominalism in another sense). This paper therefore argues not only that Reformed evangelicals, broadly speaking, lay rightful claim to the Great Tradition (and specifically, its metaphysics), but also that Baptists in particular share this heritage.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.2478/perc-2023-0017\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3243d7a88f1e2fba0b05e696ac0c7ef82a1d63e7\",\n \"result_position\": 37,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 252247057,\n \"title\": \"Religious implications in the positioning and practice of health professionals and students about induced abortion: systematic review\",\n \"venue\": \"Human Reproduction Archives\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Drezett\",\n \"Renato José de Oliveira\",\n \"M. Puccia\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Objective: Review the literature on the relationship between religion and the practices and positions of professionals and students of sexual and reproductive health in relation to induced abortion. Method: Systematic review in SciELO, and LILACS databases, from January 2010 to May 2021, using the descriptors (“Abortion, Induced” [Mesh]) AND “Religion” [Mesh]. Two authors separately evaluated the articles, selecting those that met the eligibility criteria. Disagreements were submitted to the opinion of the third author. 270 articles were identified and 31 articles were selected for qualitative metasynthesis. Study exempted from submission to the Ethics and Research Committee. Results: 23 articles (74.2%) used quantitative designs, six (19.3%) qualitative methods, one (3.2%) case report, and one (3.2%) intervention design. Students and resident physicians were approached in 15 articles (48.4%), physicians in 14 (45.1%), midwives in four (12.9%), and nurses in two (6.5%). In all articles analyzed, the strongest link with religious beliefs showed influence in positions and practices that oppose or restrict induced abortion. Conclusion: Conservative and fundamentalist religious positions on induced abortion persist, which negatively influence students and health professionals, hampering women’s human rights and reproductive rights.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.4322/hra.000421\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/02fbbe0fe3cff8ea8b2b57d4dcad1055e7ca4e93\",\n \"result_position\": 38,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 228844325,\n \"title\": \"Church Growth in Times of Secularization: A Case Study of People Joining Evangelical Congregations in the Netherlands\",\n \"venue\": \"Review of religious research\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"P. Vermeer\",\n \"P. Scheepers\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Background : Today the Dutch religious landscape is characterized by two opposite trends. On the one hand, there is a massive and dominant trend of religious disaffiliation which mostly affects the Roman Catholic Church and the mainline Protestant churches, while on the other hand the Netherlands also witnesses the emergence of several independent, evangelical congregations of near megachurch size. Purpose : Against the background of these opposite trends, this paper focuses on the second trend and tries to explain why some people join an evangelical congregation. Methods : For this purpose, quantitative data gathered among the audiences of six thriving evangelical congregations are analyzed in view of the following research questions: (1) What was the previous religious affiliation of the people who switched or converted to one of the six participating evangelical congregations? and (2) Which factors induced the switch or conversion to these congregations? Results : Results of bivariate and multivariate analyses show that these congregations attract both mainline and orthodox Protestant switchers as well as a significant number of secular converts, whose decision to join these evangelical congregations is induced by early socialization experiences, their intrinsic religious orientation and the switching of their partner. Closer scrutiny into the background of the apparent secular converts reveals, however, that several of these converts are probably re-affiliates. Although these secular converts indicated to be a religious none in their early teens, their conversion to evangelicalism is in part still induced by certain, early religious socialization experiences. Conclusions and Implications : This insight puts the alleged success of these evangelical congregations in more perspective. It shows that their success is more a matter of circulating, religious believers and not so much a matter of successfully reaching out to the unchurched. In all likelihood, then, thriving evangelical congregations will remain an exception in secular societies like the Netherlands and evangelical church growth in no way marks a break with the ongoing trend of religious disaffiliation.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s13644-020-00434-x\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2597c7357daeb1cf1515d1d838b117307a4e129b\",\n \"result_position\": 39,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 225197084,\n \"title\": \"rediscovery of spiritual practices within Protestantism\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"George W. Marchinkowski\",\n \"P. Villiers\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In a first part this article investigates the older negative view of spiritual practices especially in Protestant contexts. It then spells out the reasons for the growing interest in and reappraisal of spiritual practices in recent times. This development reflects and confirms a special awareness of their powerful role in spiritual life and illuminates their nature and meaning. It further analyses how the growing interest in spiritual practices is a result of recognising their role in the spiritual heritage that empowered faith communities from earliest times and that are not restricted by and to confessional boundaries. The article, on the other hand, concludes with a discussion of the dynamic way in which spiritual practices are embedded in particular contexts within faith communities and, therefore, are also expressed in and through particular confessional characteristics.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.17570/stj.2020.v6n1.a22\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1f49f2b918070461d1c78740180c4a9258e4e105\",\n \"result_position\": 40,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 231888457,\n \"title\": \"\\\"A Prophet Has No Honor in the Prophet’s Own Country\\\"\",\n \"venue\": \"Temenos\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Igor Mikeshin\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The article discusses how the history of forced marginality and isolation of the Russian-speaking Evangelical Christians shaped their theology and social ministry. Russian Evangelicalism is a glocal phenomenon. It fully adheres to the universal Evangelical tenets and, at the same time, it is shaped as a socioculturally and linguistically Russian phenomenon. Its russianness is manifested in the construction of the Russian Evangelical narrative, formulated as a response to the cultural and political discourse of the modern Russia and to the Orthodox theology and application, as it is seen by evangelicals. This narrative is constructed with the language of the Synodal Bible in its present-day interpretation. \\nRussian evangelicals are constantly accused of being Western-influenced, proselytizing in the canonical land of the Russian Orthodox Church, and mistreating and misleading people. The article also argues agains these accusations, emphasizing the history, hermeneutics, and social ministries of Russian Evangelicalism.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.33356/TEMENOS.75254\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e5d1fdc1b7e6395d21a309d1522c5ad180927453\",\n \"result_position\": 41,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 234836517,\n \"title\": \"The Reception of Receptive Ecumenism\",\n \"venue\": \"Ecclesiology\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"G. Ryan\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"\\nReceptive Ecumenism (re) has been presented as a distinctive ecumenical approach for nearly fifteen years, and it is eight years since Paul Avis asked the critical question, ‘Are we Receiving Receptive Ecumenism?’ The main part of this essay addresses that question by surveying the different ways in which re has been received in the academy, in ecumenical bodies, and in the life of the churches. A shorter section then outlines a proposal for viewing re in a wider ecclesiological context, rather than simply as an ecumenical practice. The essay primarily focuses on resources developed since 2012 in order to assess the breadth and depth of contemporary reception of re, and potential future developments.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1163/17455316-BJA10008\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1584837962dedb6297fbde72783212afe1d13bc8\",\n \"result_position\": 42,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 237968332,\n \"title\": \"Social Reconstruction: American Catholics Radical Response to the Social Gospel Movement and Progressives.\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Catholic Education\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Paul Lubienecki\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"At the fin de siècle the Industrial Revolution created egregious physical, emotional and spiritual conditions for American society and especially for the worker but who would come forward to alleviate those conditions? Protestants implemented their Social Gospel Movement as a proposed cure to these problems. Secular Progressives engaged in a more activist role both materially and through legislation. Both of these groups had limited successes with disappointing outcomes. America’s Catholics, more accustomed to living and working in industrialized neighborhoods, eventually developed their own programs and agenda to address social and labor concerns. However some scholars believed that Catholic efforts merely replicated what others had achieved. It was the actions of America’s Catholics in answer to these issues that propelled them onto the national scene with a sense of purpose, inclusion and equality. This paper examines each group to ascertain their programs, relevant accomplishments and demonstrate how resolutions to solve social and labor problems proceeded yet stagnated for some. For America’s Catholics their agenda for social reconstruction empowered them to assert themselves as equals with a long lasting viable program of future corrective action.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.15365/JOCE.2401052021\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9bf6e75a0dea46fc2d7639f8fd876dac8051e82c\",\n \"result_position\": 43,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 191701990,\n \"title\": \"From a Christian World Community to a Christian America: Ecumenical Protestant Internationalism as a Source of Christian Nationalist Renewal\",\n \"venue\": \"Genealogy\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Edwards\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Christian nationalism in the United States has neither been singular nor stable. The country has seen several Christian nationalist ventures come and go throughout its history. Historians are currently busy documenting the plurality of Christian nationalisms, understanding them more as deliberate projects rather than as components of a suprahistorical secularization process. This essay joins in that work. Its focus is the World War II and early Cold War era, one of the heydays of Christian nationalist enthusiasm in America—and the one that shaped our ongoing culture wars between “evangelical” conservatives and “godless” liberals. One forgotten and admittedly paradoxical pathway to wartime Christian nationalism was the world ecumenical movement (“ecumenical” here meaning intra-Protestant). Protestant ecumenism curated the transformation of 1920s and 1930s Christian internationalism into wartime Christian Americanism. They involved many political and intellectual elites along the way. In pioneering many of the geopolitical concerns of Cold War evangelicals, ecumenical Protestants aided and abetted the Christian conservative ascendancy that wields power even into the present.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/GENEALOGY3020030\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/96975527455dc119e148e1ee00bc81fa613dd36c\",\n \"result_position\": 44,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 256980394,\n \"title\": \"Christian Humanitarianism, Refugee Stories, and the Making of the Cold War West\",\n \"venue\": \"Historical-Philological Journal\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"David Brydan\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract This article argues that refugees and the Christian humanitarian organizations supporting them, particularly Catholic ones, helped to construct the Cold War West. Christian NGOs valued these refugees, not only for their needs or their suffering, but for the power of their stories. Refugees’ stories served to encapsulate and dramatize the horrors of communism, transforming it from an abstract ideological threat to a vivid personal danger. Their suffering and sacrifice, and the efforts to relieve this suffering, helped to forge ties of solidarity across Western Europe and North America. Christian groups fuelled this solidarity through the dissemination of information about communist persecution and the courage of refugees seeking to escape it, mobilizing the faithful to contribute through donations, prayers, and relief campaigns. The vision of the West which emerged from these campaigns emphasized religious freedom as the cornerstone of Western societies. It promoted solidarity across national borders by emphasizing Christian unity, although there were tensions between different denominations and Catholics were often the most active supporters of anti-communist humanitarianism. It also, strikingly, had little to say about democracy, something that becomes particularly evident when we examine the participation of Franco's Spain in Christian refugee relief.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1017/S0018246X23000079\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9485084f90530f68c4c1183ff84ce764c7502378\",\n \"result_position\": 45,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 197753024,\n \"title\": \"The Presbyterian Church and Zionism Unsettled: Its Antecedents, and Its Antisemitic Legacy\",\n \"venue\": \"Religions\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Cary Nelson\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The new millennium has seen increased hostility to Israel among many progressive constituencies, including several mainline Protestant churches. The evangelical community in the US remains steadfastly Zionist, so overall support for financial aid to Israel remain secure. But the cultural impact of accusations that Israel is a settler colonialist or apartheid regime are nonetheless serious; they are proving sufficient to make support for the Jewish state a political issue for the first time in many decades. Despite a general movement in emphasis from theology to politics in church debate, there remain theological issues at the center of church discussion. The Protestant church with the longest running and most well-funded anti-Zionist constituency is the Presbyterian church in the US. In the last decade, its Israel/Palestine Mission Network (IPMN) has produced several increasingly anti-Zionist books designed to propel divestment resolutions in the church’s annual meeting. The most widely debated of these was 2014’s Zionism Unsettled: A Congregational Study Guide. This essay mounts a detailed analysis and critique of the book which documents the IPMN’s steady movement toward antisemitic positions. Among the theological issues underlying debate in Protestant denominations are the status of the divine covenant with the Jewish people, the role that the gift of land has as part of that covenant, and the nature of the characterization of the Jews as a “chosen people”. These, and other issues underlying Protestant anti-Zionism, have led to the formation of Presbyterians for Middle East Peace (PFMP), a group, unlike IPMN, that supports a two-state solution. The competing positions these groups have taken are of interest to all who want to track the role that Christian denominations have played in debates about the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/REL10060396\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1034d36f1d391596ecd3b2e7ad238b19ce429263\",\n \"result_position\": 46,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 241647394,\n \"title\": \"Theological Perspectives on Development: Comparing Roman Catholic, ecumenical and evangelical positions\",\n \"venue\": \"Acta Theologica\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"T. Kroeck\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Since the middle of the 20th century, Christian churches have been involved internationally in development activities. In recent years, international agencies and national governments have recognised the role of religions in international development. This article reviews theological views on international development. For this purpose, official documents of the Roman Catholic Church, the ecumenical movement and the World Evangelical Alliance/Lausanne Movement are compared regarding concepts of development and its role in the mission of the Church and views on the world and humankind, actions and actors of development and eschatology. The study finds wide agreement in many aspects, but also some differences between the theological traditions. It discusses theological aspects that are relevant for the praxis of Christian development work and identifies issues that may need further research.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.18820/23099089/actat.sup31.15\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c9199c3faf4bc3c1671168bba96adad03a491bc0\",\n \"result_position\": 47,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 239516898,\n \"title\": \"Apostolicity – The question of Continuity and Authority\",\n \"venue\": \"ARUMBAE: Jurnal Ilmiah Teologi dan Studi Agama\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Alexander Heindel\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This article was presented as a research paper for the Ecumenical Theology Course at the Ecumenical Institute Bossey in Switzerland. Apostolicity and the relation to the apostles and the early Christians is a big discussed topic in several ecumenical dialogues. First the article analysis the method and context of five different ecumenical dialogue documents. It goes from multilateral Faith and Order documents like “Baptism, Eucharist, Ministry” and “The Church Towards a Common Vision” over the “Porvoo Common Statement” to two Lutheran/Roman-Catholic documents. Then it identifies some characteristic dimensions of apostolicity and brings the results from the dialogues together. A reading of apostolicity as narrative of continuity and authority in relation to god and Jesus Christ occurs through the chapters. Especially in the question of ministry apostolicity plays an important and differentiated role. The article focusses in the end on the episcopal ministry and develops the differentiation of horizontal and vertical apostolic continuity. Apostolicity is described as a gift of god and becomes obviously through gods action in the ordination act. Finally, the article summarises all results, ideas and new approaches.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.37429/arumbae.v3i1.533\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b54738874d0cc1dbd578e93ddeed2b3acfd388bc\",\n \"result_position\": 48,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 149754061,\n \"title\": \"God and Guns: Examining Religious Influences on Gun Control Attitudes in the United States\",\n \"venue\": \"Religions\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Stephen M. Merino\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Mass shootings in the United States have generated significant media coverage and public concern, invigorating debates over gun control. Media coverage and academic research on gun control attitudes and reactions to mass shootings have paid little attention to the role of religion. Recent research sheds light on the complex relationship between religion and guns, including higher rates of gun ownership and stronger opposition to gun control among white evangelical Protestants. Using nationally representative survey data, this study examines the relationship between religious identity, gun ownership, and support for a range of gun control policies, including proposed remedies for preventing mass shootings. Compared with individuals from other religious traditions, evangelical Protestants are most opposed to stricter gun control laws and enforcement, even with statistical controls for gun ownership and demographic characteristics. Rather, they favor individualistic solutions and putting more emphasis on religious values in their social surroundings. I discuss how these findings reflect the cultural tools evangelical Protestants use to construct their understandings of social problems, including gun violence, and the broader implications for gun policy in the United States.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/REL9060189\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/48732d37ce14ff62c72e0ddac677cfd1df9b72b9\",\n \"result_position\": 49,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 158510298,\n \"title\": \"Protestantes no Brasil: entre a omissão e o engajamento político\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"E. D. Silva\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"We intend to analyze the Protestantism and Constitution of an Ecumenical Protestant sector in Brazil, which was developed in the second half of the 20th century. It was connected to the World Council of Churches and with an innovative proposal of respectful dialogue with the other religions. That was motivated by a theological discourse that condemned the fundamentalists and conservative majority practices among evangelicals. Social projects aimed at solving urgent social problems and in the country had been developed, following the example of the Land Rights Ecumenical Commission, which addressed the Pastoral Land Commission, under Catholic guidance. With the Military Dictatorship installed in Brazil in 1964, the Ecumenical Evangelical opponents of the military regime were persecuted, but they resisted and created Human Rights Committees, Human Rights defenders and the project named: Brazil Never More as well as actively participated in the national democratization process.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5007/2175-7976.2017v24n37p126\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fdbd3b1668aec79f285f122c7d95593c8d380f9b\",\n \"result_position\": 50,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 149275721,\n \"title\": \"Anglican Moral Theology and Ecumenical Dialogue\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"P. Sedgwick\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This article argues that there has been conflict in Roman Catholic moral theology since the 1960s. This has overshadowed, but not prevented, ecumenical dialogue between the Roman Catholic and Anglican Communions, especially in ethics. Theologians from the Anglican tradition can help both the debate in Roman Catholic moral theology and the ecumenical impasse. The article examines the contributions of Richard Hooker, Jeremy Taylor, and Kenneth Kirk from 1600–1920, in the area of fundamental moral theology.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/REL8090199\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/20f031afe98887dbe9458a6a3380d92a61a52d10\",\n \"result_position\": 51,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 244686375,\n \"title\": \"Skisma dalam Gereja Protestan, Warisan yang dapat ditolak\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Rannu Sanderan\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"All the differences among the church, the religious differences and those that were largely cultural or political, came together to cause the schism. It evoke when people or things are separate or become separate from other people or other thing. Opinions concerning the nature and consequences of schism vary with the different conceptions of the nature of the church. In the 20th century the ecumenical movement tried to worked for reunion among churches. The big result of the cooperation between Roman Catholics and Protestants after the second Vatican Council (1962–1965) has resulted in more flexible attitudes within the churches concerning the problems of schism. Then, in the Protestant church, schism is a rejectable legacy.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.31219/osf.io/ah4tr\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cd996da93f3041aa1940ccf75a75e8c2311c7650\",\n \"result_position\": 52,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":69,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"Hi, I am looking at how LLMs can recommend imaging modalities for standardized clinical scenarios based on the recommendations put forth by the ACR. Can I get papers that discuss this topic for the following LLMs: Chat-GPT (OpenAI), Claude, Gemini (Bard), and OpenEvidence?"},"query_timestamp":{"kind":"string","value":"2025-07-09T17:57:16.038705+00:00"},"thread_id":{"kind":"string","value":"8416d4fca72a0d64ac6f43dc1ca505870e31876f74ea7b9f92a17ade425b3226"},"num_shown":{"kind":"number","value":19,"string":"19"},"num_clicked":{"kind":"number","value":20,"string":"20"},"has_clicks":{"kind":"bool","value":true,"string":"true"},"shown_papers":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"corpus_id":258215525,"title":"A context-based chatbot surpasses trained radiologists and generic ChatGPT in following the ACR appropriateness guidelines","venue":"medRxiv","year":2023,"authors":["A. Rau","S. Rau","D. Zoeller","A. Fink","Hien Tran","C. Wilpert","Johanna Nattenmueller","J. Neubauer","F. Bamberg","M. Reisert","Maximilan F. Russe"],"abstract":"Background Radiological imaging guidelines are crucial for accurate diagnosis and optimal patient care as they result in standardized procedures and thus reduce inappropriate imaging studies. In the present study, we investigated the potential to support clinical decision-making using an interactive chatbot designed to provide personalized imaging recommendations based on indexed and vectorized American College of Radiology (ACR) appropriateness criteria documents. Methods We utilized 209 ACR appropriateness criteria documents as specialized knowledge base and employed LlamaIndex and the ChatGPT 3.5-Turbo to create an appropriateness criteria contexted chatbot (accGPT). Fifty clinical case files were used to compare the accGPT`s performance against radiologists at varying experience levels and to generic ChatGPT 3.5 and 4.0. Results All chatbots reached at least human performance level. For the 50 case files, the accGPT provided a median of 83% (95% CI 82-84) `usually appropriate` recommendations, while radiologists provided a median of 66% (95% CI 62-70). GPT 3.5-Turbo 70% (95% CI 67-73) and GPT 4 79% (95% CI 76-81) correct answers. Consistency was highest for the accGPT with almost perfect Fleiss` Kappa of 0.82. Further, the chatbots provided substantial time and cost savings, with an average decision time of 5 minutes and a cost of 0.19 Euro for all cases, compared to 50 minutes and 29.99 Euro for radiologists (both p < 0.01). Conclusion ChatGPT-based algorithms have the potential to substantially improve the decision-making for clinical imaging studies in accordance with ACR guidelines. Specifically, a context-based algorithm performed superior to its generic counterpart, demonstrating the value of tailoring AI solutions to specific healthcare applications.","doi":"10.1101/2023.04.10.23288354","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1c0c231f0a79e8d1c3cf5a278bea02188cc274e2","result_position":0,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":268257013,"title":"The Potential Applications and Challenges of ChatGPT in the Medical Field","venue":"International Journal of General Medicine","year":2024,"authors":["Yonglin Mu","Dawei He"],"abstract":"Abstract ChatGPT, an AI-driven conversational large language model (LLM), has garnered significant scholarly attention since its inception, owing to its manifold applications in the realm of medical science. This study primarily examines the merits, limitations, anticipated developments, and practical applications of ChatGPT in clinical practice, healthcare, medical education, and medical research. It underscores the necessity for further research and development to enhance its performance and deployment. Moreover, future research avenues encompass ongoing enhancements and standardization of ChatGPT, mitigating its limitations, and exploring its integration and applicability in translational and personalized medicine. Reflecting the narrative nature of this review, a focused literature search was performed to identify relevant publications on ChatGPT’s use in medicine. This process was aimed at gathering a broad spectrum of insights to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state and future prospects of ChatGPT in the medical domain. The objective is to aid healthcare professionals in understanding the groundbreaking advancements associated with the latest artificial intelligence tools, while also acknowledging the opportunities and challenges presented by ChatGPT.","doi":"10.2147/IJGM.S456659","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/764cf9e8a06e5f7a248ca017eb6f36e5ad8fe910","result_position":1,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":267225790,"title":"Large Language Models: A Guide for Radiologists","venue":"Korean Journal of Radiology","year":2024,"authors":["Sunkyu Kim","Choong-kun Lee","Seung-seob Kim"],"abstract":"Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized the global landscape of technology beyond natural language processing. Owing to their extensive pre-training on vast datasets, contemporary LLMs can handle tasks ranging from general functionalities to domain-specific areas, such as radiology, without additional fine-tuning. General-purpose chatbots based on LLMs can optimize the efficiency of radiologists in terms of their professional work and research endeavors. Importantly, these LLMs are on a trajectory of rapid evolution, wherein challenges such as “hallucination,” high training cost, and efficiency issues are addressed, along with the inclusion of multimodal inputs. In this review, we aim to offer conceptual knowledge and actionable guidance to radiologists interested in utilizing LLMs through a succinct overview of the topic and a summary of radiology-specific aspects, from the beginning to potential future directions.","doi":"10.3348/kjr.2023.0997","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/25a9c0946925cc860c4600dba91b313cdbe7c8a8","result_position":2,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":272987311,"title":"Evaluating acute image ordering for real-world patient cases via language model alignment with radiological guidelines","venue":"Communications Medicine","year":2024,"authors":["Michael S. Yao","Allison Chae","Piya Saraiya","Charles E. Kahn","W. Witschey","James C. Gee","H. Sagreiya","O. Bastani"],"abstract":"Diagnostic imaging studies are increasingly important in the management of acutely presenting patients. However, ordering appropriate imaging studies in the emergency department is a challenging task with a high degree of variability among healthcare providers. To address this issue, recent work has investigated whether generative AI and large language models can be leveraged to recommend diagnostic imaging studies in accordance with evidence-based medical guidelines. However, it remains challenging to ensure that these tools can provide recommendations that correctly align with medical guidelines, especially given the limited diagnostic information available in acute care settings. In this study, we introduce a framework to intelligently leverage language models by recommending imaging studies for patient cases that align with the American College of Radiology’s Appropriateness Criteria, a set of evidence-based guidelines. To power our experiments, we introduce RadCases, a dataset of over 1500 annotated case summaries reflecting common patient presentations, and apply our framework to enable state-of-the-art language models to reason about appropriate imaging choices. Using our framework, state-of-the-art language models achieve accuracy comparable to clinicians in ordering imaging studies. Furthermore, we demonstrate that our language model-based pipeline can be used as an intelligent assistant by clinicians to support image ordering workflows and improve the accuracy of acute image ordering according to the American College of Radiology’s Appropriateness Criteria. Our work demonstrates and validates a strategy to leverage AI-based software to improve trustworthy clinical decision-making in alignment with expert evidence-based guidelines. Yao et al. evaluate the ability of large language models to order diagnostic images in acute patient care. By aligning model predictions with evidence-based guidelines, they show that language models can match or exceed clinician performance, and assist providers in making evidence-based imaging decisions. Emergency room doctors often need to quickly decide which medical scans, such as X-rays or CT scans, to order for patients. However, these decisions can vary significantly among doctors. In this study, we looked at whether generative artificial intelligence (AI) can help recommend which scans patients should receive. We created a dataset of real patient cases to help AI tools follow expert medical guidelines when suggesting scans. Our results show that AI tools can accurately choose the right scans for patients and can also be helpful assistants for clinicians. In the future, we hope this work can support faster, more accurate decision-making and reduce unnecessary tests.","doi":"10.1038/s43856-025-01061-9","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0d71f55abe06761b3a44fd4b667f93d7287c602b","result_position":3,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":270962832,"title":"Radiologic Decision-Making for Imaging in Pulmonary Embolism: Accuracy and Reliability of Large Language Models—Bing, Claude, ChatGPT, and Perplexity","venue":"Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging","year":2024,"authors":["Pradosh Kumar Sarangi","Suvrankar Datta","M. Swarup","Swaha Panda","Debasish Swapnesh Kumar Nayak","Archana Malik","Ananda Datta","Himel Mondal"],"abstract":"Abstract Background Artificial intelligence chatbots have demonstrated potential to enhance clinical decision-making and streamline health care workflows, potentially alleviating administrative burdens. However, the contribution of AI chatbots to radiologic decision-making for clinical scenarios remains insufficiently explored. This study evaluates the accuracy and reliability of four prominent Large Language Models (LLMs)—Microsoft Bing, Claude, ChatGPT 3.5, and Perplexity—in offering clinical decision support for initial imaging for suspected pulmonary embolism (PE). Methods Open-ended (OE) and select-all-that-apply (SATA) questions were crafted, covering four variants of case scenarios of PE in-line with the American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria. These questions were presented to the LLMs by three radiologists from diverse geographical regions and setups. The responses were evaluated based on established scoring criteria, with a maximum achievable score of 2 points for OE responses and 1 point for each correct answer in SATA questions. To enable comparative analysis, scores were normalized (score divided by the maximum achievable score). Result In OE questions, Perplexity achieved the highest accuracy (0.83), while Claude had the lowest (0.58), with Bing and ChatGPT each scoring 0.75. For SATA questions, Bing led with an accuracy of 0.96, Perplexity was the lowest at 0.56, and both Claude and ChatGPT scored 0.6. Overall, OE questions saw higher scores (0.73) compared to SATA (0.68). There is poor agreement among radiologists' scores for OE (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient [ICC] = −0.067, p = 0.54), while there is strong agreement for SATA (ICC = 0.875, p < 0.001). Conclusion The study revealed variations in accuracy across LLMs for both OE and SATA questions. Perplexity showed superior performance in OE questions, while Bing excelled in SATA questions. OE queries yielded better overall results. The current inconsistencies in LLM accuracy highlight the importance of further refinement before these tools can be reliably integrated into clinical practice, with a need for additional LLM fine-tuning and judicious selection by radiologists to achieve consistent and reliable support for decision-making.","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1787974","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ed8f573702839caba68390d7cf1b415c8ae59904","result_position":4,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":269362530,"title":"A Comprehensive Survey on Evaluating Large Language Model Applications in the Medical Industry","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2024,"authors":["Yining Huang","Keke Tang","Meilian Chen"],"abstract":"Since the inception of the Transformer architecture in 2017, Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT and BERT have evolved significantly, impacting various industries with their advanced capabilities in language understanding and generation. These models have shown potential to transform the medical field, highlighting the necessity for specialized evaluation frameworks to ensure their effective and ethical deployment. This comprehensive survey delineates the extensive application and requisite evaluation of LLMs within healthcare, emphasizing the critical need for empirical validation to fully exploit their capabilities in enhancing healthcare outcomes. Our survey is structured to provide an in-depth analysis of LLM applications across clinical settings, medical text data processing, research, education, and public health awareness. We begin by exploring the roles of LLMs in various medical applications, detailing their evaluation based on performance in tasks such as clinical diagnosis, medical text data processing, information retrieval, data analysis, and educational content generation. The subsequent sections offer a comprehensive discussion on the evaluation methods and metrics employed, including models, evaluators, and comparative experiments. We further examine the benchmarks and datasets utilized in these evaluations, providing a categorized description of benchmarks for tasks like question answering, summarization, information extraction, bioinformatics, information retrieval and general comprehensive benchmarks. This structure ensures a thorough understanding of how LLMs are assessed for their effectiveness, accuracy, usability, and ethical alignment in the medical domain. ...","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2404.15777","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/232e821d64dc251eaba228392bf77e02bc7a8997","result_position":5,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":276714223,"title":"ChatGPT performance in assessing musculoskeletal MRI scan appropriateness based on ACR appropriateness criteria","venue":"Scientific Reports","year":2025,"authors":["Jin Rong Tan","D. Lim","Quan Le","G. Y. Karande","Lai Peng Chan","Yeong Huei Ng","D. Ting","Sudharsan Madhavan","Hiok Yang Chan","Anh Tran","Yusheng Keefe Lai"],"abstract":"Large Language Models (LLMs) hold potential as clinical decision support tools, particularly when integrated with domain-specific knowledge. In radiology, there is limited research on LLMs for assessing imaging appropriateness. This study evaluates a contextualized GPT-4-based LLM’s performance in assessing the appropriateness of musculoskeletal MRI scan requests with standard models and different versions of optimization. The LLMs’ performances was also compared against human clinicians with varying experience (two radiology residents, two subspecialist attendings, an orthopaedic surgeon). Using a retrieval-augmented generation framework, the LLM was provided with a domain-specific knowledge base from 33 American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria guidelines. A test dataset of 70 fictional case scenarios was created, including cases with insufficient clinical information. Quantitative analysis using the McNemar mid-P test revealed that the optimized LLM achieved 92.86% accuracy, significantly outperforming the baseline model (61.43%, P < .001) and the standard GPT-4 model (51.29%, P < .001). The optimized model also excelled in identifying cases with insufficient clinical information. In comparison to human clinicians, the optimized LLM performed better than all but one radiologist. This study demonstrates that with contextualization and optimization, GPT-4-based LLMs can improve performance in assessing imaging appropriateness and show promise as clinical decision support tools in radiology.","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-88925-1","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2d1f158b150caa424abd7604afb284180a3f05fe","result_position":6,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":264393431,"title":"Assessing appropriate responses to ACR urologic imaging scenarios using ChatGPT and Bard.","venue":"Current problems in diagnostic radiology","year":2023,"authors":["S. Doddi","Taryn Hibshman","Oscar Salichs","Kaustav Bera","Charit Tippareddy","N. Ramaiya","S. Tirumani"],"abstract":"Artificial intelligence (AI) has recently become a trending tool and topic regarding productivity especially with publicly available free services such as ChatGPT and Bard. In this report, we investigate if two widely available chatbots chatGPT and Bard, are able to show consistent accurate responses for the best imaging modality for urologic clinical situations and if they are in line with American College of Radiology (ACR) Appropriateness Criteria (AC). All clinical scenarios provided by the ACR were inputted into ChatGPT and Bard with result compared to the ACR AC and recorded. Both chatbots had an appropriate imaging modality rate of of 62% and no significant difference in proportion of correct imaging modality was found overall between the two services (p>0.05). The results of our study found that both ChatGPT and Bard are similar in their ability to suggest the most appropriate imaging modality in a variety of urologic scenarios based on ACR AC criteria. Nonetheless, both chatbots lack consistent accuracy and further development is necessary for implementation in clinical settings. For proper use of these AI services in clinical decision making, further developments are needed to improve the workflow of physicians.","doi":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2023.10.022","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c00dcb569a540c1a616b87abe4808a30bf1f9197","result_position":7,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":271500318,"title":"Advancing radiology with GPT-4: Innovations in clinical applications, patient engagement, research, and learning","venue":"European Journal of Radiology Open","year":2024,"authors":["Sadhana Kalidindi","Janani Baradwaj"],"abstract":"The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare, particularly in radiology, underscores a transformative era marked by a potential for enhanced diagnostic precision, increased patient engagement, and streamlined clinical workflows. Amongst the key developments at the heart of this transformation are Large Language Models like the Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 (GPT-4), whose integration into radiological practices could potentially herald a significant leap by assisting in the generation and summarization of radiology reports, aiding in differential diagnoses, and recommending evidence-based treatments. This review delves into the multifaceted potential applications of Large Language Models within radiology, using GPT-4 as an example, from improving diagnostic accuracy and reporting efficiency to translating complex medical findings into patient-friendly summaries. The review acknowledges the ethical, privacy, and technical challenges inherent in deploying AI technologies, emphasizing the importance of careful oversight, validation, and adherence to regulatory standards. Through a balanced discourse on the potential and pitfalls of GPT-4 in radiology, the article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of how these models have the potential to reshape the future of radiological services, fostering improvements in patient care, educational methodologies, and clinical research.","doi":"10.1016/j.ejro.2024.100589","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6043095ad0f411d83799153753988b50093c5a34","result_position":8,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":256272939,"title":"ChatGPT and Other Large Language Models Are Double-edged Swords.","venue":"Radiology","year":2023,"authors":["Yiqiu Shen","L. Heacock","Jonathan Elias","K. Hentel","B. Reig","G. Shih","Linda Moy"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1148/radiol.230163","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/621b8c4b37d1e22d440262dda2206ac13da6d779","result_position":9,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":259249727,"title":"Evaluating GPT as an Adjunct for Radiologic Decision Making: GPT-4 Versus GPT-3.5 in a Breast Imaging Pilot.","venue":"Journal of the American College of Radiology","year":2023,"authors":["Arya S. Rao","John Kim","M. Kamineni","Michael Pang","Winston Lie","K. Dreyer","M. Succi"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.jacr.2023.05.003","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/32c3dca204d934bdcf559f1cd5acc5bbd14e68fa","result_position":10,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":272483071,"title":"Evaluating text and visual diagnostic capabilities of large language models on questions related to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System Atlas 5th edition","venue":"Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology","year":2024,"authors":["Y. Güneş","T. Cesur","E. Çamur","Leman Günbey Karabekmez"],"abstract":"PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the performance of large language models (LLMs) and multimodal LLMs in interpreting the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) categories and providing clinical management recommendations for breast radiology in text-based and visual questions. METHODS This cross-sectional observational study involved two steps. In the first step, we compared ten LLMs (namely ChatGPT 4o, ChatGPT 4, ChatGPT 3.5, Google Gemini 1.5 Pro, Google Gemini 1.0, Microsoft Copilot, Perplexity, Claude 3.5 Sonnet, Claude 3 Opus, and Claude 3 Opus 200K), general radiologists, and a breast radiologist using 100 text-based multiple-choice questions (MCQs) related to the BI-RADS Atlas 5th edition. In the second step, we assessed the performance of five multimodal LLMs (ChatGPT 4o, ChatGPT 4V, Claude 3.5 Sonnet, Claude 3 Opus, and Google Gemini 1.5 Pro) in assigning BI-RADS categories and providing clinical management recommendations on 100 breast ultrasound images. The comparison of correct answers and accuracy by question types was analyzed using McNemar’s and chi-squared tests. Management scores were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis and Wilcoxon tests. RESULTS Claude 3.5 Sonnet achieved the highest accuracy in text-based MCQs (90%), followed by ChatGPT 4o (89%), outperforming all other LLMs and general radiologists (78% and 76%) (P < 0.05), except for the Claude 3 Opus models and the breast radiologist (82%) (P > 0.05). Lower-performing LLMs included Google Gemini 1.0 (61%) and ChatGPT 3.5 (60%). Performance across different categories of showed no significant variation among LLMs or radiologists (P > 0.05). For breast ultrasound images, Claude 3.5 Sonnet achieved 59% accuracy, significantly higher than other multimodal LLMs (P < 0.05). Management recommendations were evaluated using a 3-point Likert scale, with Claude 3.5 Sonnet scoring the highest (mean: 2.12 ± 0.97) (P < 0.05). Accuracy varied significantly across BI-RADS categories, except Claude 3 Opus (P < 0.05). Gemini 1.5 Pro failed to answer any BI-RADS 5 questions correctly. Similarly, ChatGPT 4V failed to answer any BI-RADS 1 questions correctly, making them the least accurate in these categories (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Although LLMs such as Claude 3.5 Sonnet and ChatGPT 4o show promise in text-based BI-RADS assessments, their limitations in visual diagnostics suggest they should be used cautiously and under radiologists’ supervision to avoid misdiagnoses. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study demonstrates that while LLMs exhibit strong capabilities in text-based BI-RADS assessments, their visual diagnostic abilities are currently limited, necessitating further development and cautious application in clinical practice.","doi":"10.4274/dir.2024.242876","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/542a074ea2b8a5ecc2da88105e987670162c2a3d","result_position":11,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":265351795,"title":"LLMs-Healthcare: Current applications and challenges of large language models in various medical specialties","venue":"Artificial Intelligence in Health","year":2023,"authors":["Ummara Mumtaz","Awais Ahmed","Summaya Mumtaz"],"abstract":"The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in utilizing large language models (LLMs) in the health-care sector, emphasizing their transformative impact across various medical domains. LLMs have become pivotal in supporting healthcare, including physicians, health-care providers, and patients. Our review provides insight into the applications of LLMs in healthcare, specifically focusing on diagnostic and treatment-related functionalities. We shed light on how LLMs are applied in cancer care, dermatology, dental care, neurodegenerative disorders, and mental health, highlighting their innovative contributions to medical diagnostics and patient care. Throughout our analysis, we explore the challenges and opportunities associated with integrating LLMs in healthcare, recognizing their potential across various medical specialties despite existing limitations. In addition, we offer an overview of handling diverse data types within the medical field.","doi":"10.36922/aih.2558","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e42046e117561864de7ac42a4eded6a972d7bc93","result_position":12,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":277201755,"title":"Comparative Analysis of ChatGPT-4o and Gemini Advanced Performance on Diagnostic Radiology In-Training Exams","venue":"Cureus","year":2025,"authors":["Kian A. Huang","Haris K Choudhary","William M Hardin","Neelesh S Prakash"],"abstract":"Background The increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in medical education and clinical practice has led to a growing interest in large language models (LLMs) for diagnostic reasoning and training. LLMs have demonstrated potential in interpreting medical text, summarizing findings, and answering radiology-related questions. However, their ability to accurately analyze both written and image-based content in radiology remains uncertain with newer models. This study evaluates the performance of OpenAI's Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4o (ChatGPT-4o) and Google DeepMind's Gemini Advanced on the 2022 ACR (American College of Radiology) Diagnostic Radiology In-Training (DXIT) Exam to assess their capabilities in different radiological subfields. Methods ChatGPT-4o and Gemini Advanced were tested on 106 multiple-choice questions from the 2022 DXIT exam, which included both image-based and written-based questions spanning various radiological subspecialties. Their performance was compared using overall accuracy, subfield-specific accuracy, and two-proportion z-tests to determine significant differences. Results ChatGPT-4o achieved an overall accuracy of 69.8% (74/106), outperforming Gemini Advanced, which scored 60.4% (64/106), although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.151). In image-based questions (n = 64), ChatGPT-4o performed better (57.8%, 37/64) than Gemini Advanced (43.8%, 28/64). For written-based questions (n = 42), ChatGPT-4o and Gemini Advanced demonstrated similar accuracy (88.1% vs. 85.7%). ChatGPT-4o exhibited stronger performance in specific subfields, such as cardiac and nuclear radiology, but neither model showed consistent superiority across all radiology domains. Conclusion LLMs show promise in radiology education and diagnostic reasoning, particularly for text-based assessments. However, limitations such as inconsistent responses and lower accuracy in image interpretation highlight the need for further refinement. Future research should focus on improving AI models' reliability, multimodal capabilities, and integration into radiology training programs.","doi":"10.7759/cureus.80874","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c12864b22b2b7d9e57922abb8a2cfe2d6774d782","result_position":13,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":269287125,"title":"Exploring the Potentials of Large Language Models in Vascular and Interventional Radiology: Opportunities and Challenges","venue":"The Arab Journal of Interventional Radiology","year":2024,"authors":["T. Togunwa","A. Ajibade","C. Uche-Orji","Richard Olatunji"],"abstract":"Abstract The increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare, particularly in vascular and interventional radiology (VIR), has opened avenues for enhanced efficiency and precision. This narrative review delves into the potential applications of large language models (LLMs) in VIR, with a focus on Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT) and similar models. LLMs, designed for natural language processing, exhibit promising capabilities in clinical decision-making, workflow optimization, education, and patient-centered care. The discussion highlights LLMs' ability to analyze extensive medical literature, aiding radiologists in making informed decisions. Moreover, their role in improving clinical workflow, automating report generation, and intelligent patient scheduling is explored. This article also examines LLMs' impact on VIR education, presenting them as valuable tools for trainees. Additionally, the integration of LLMs into patient education processes is examined, highlighting their potential to enhance patient-centered care through simplified and accurate medical information dissemination. Despite these potentials, this paper discusses challenges and ethical considerations, including AI over-reliance, potential misinformation, and biases. The scarcity of comprehensive VIR datasets and the need for ongoing monitoring and interdisciplinary collaboration are also emphasized. Advocating for a balanced approach, the combination of LLMs with computer vision AI models addresses the inherently visual nature of VIR. Overall, while the widespread implementation of LLMs in VIR may be premature, their potential to improve various aspects of the discipline is undeniable. Recognizing challenges and ethical considerations, fostering collaboration, and adhering to ethical standards are essential for unlocking the full potential of LLMs in VIR, ushering in a new era of healthcare delivery and innovation.","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1782663","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/77e7f314f26b35a0434f4979eb1ee62965256aaf","result_position":14,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":272700541,"title":"Comparative performance analysis of large language models: ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4 and Google Gemini in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis","venue":"Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research","year":2024,"authors":["Linjian Tong","Chaoyang Zhang","Rui Liu","Jia Yang","Zhi-Ming Sun"],"abstract":"The use of large language models (LLMs) in medicine can help physicians improve the quality and effectiveness of health care by increasing the efficiency of medical information management, patient care, medical research, and clinical decision-making. We collected 34 frequently asked questions about glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP), covering topics related to the disease’s clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and risk factors. We also generated 25 questions based on the 2022 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Prevention and Treatment of Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis (2022 ACR-GIOP Guideline). Each question was posed to the LLM (ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4, and Google Gemini), and three senior orthopedic surgeons independently rated the responses generated by the LLMs. Three senior orthopedic surgeons independently rated the answers based on responses ranging between 1 and 4 points. A total score (TS) > 9 indicated ‘good’ responses, 6 ≤ TS ≤ 9 indicated ‘moderate’ responses, and TS < 6 indicated ‘poor’ responses. In response to the general questions related to GIOP and the 2022 ACR-GIOP Guidelines, Google Gemini provided more concise answers than the other LLMs. In terms of pathogenesis, ChatGPT-4 had significantly higher total scores (TSs) than ChatGPT-3.5. The TSs for answering questions related to the 2022 ACR-GIOP Guideline by ChatGPT-4 were significantly higher than those for Google Gemini. ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4 had significantly higher self-corrected TSs than pre-corrected TSs, while Google Gemini self-corrected for responses that were not significantly different than before. Our study showed that Google Gemini provides more concise and intuitive responses than ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4. ChatGPT-4 performed significantly better than ChatGPT3.5 and Google Gemini in terms of answering general questions about GIOP and the 2022 ACR-GIOP Guidelines. ChatGPT3.5 and ChatGPT-4 self-corrected better than Google Gemini.","doi":"10.1186/s13018-024-04996-2","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4c7e79f1e898fa35d585558e652d7817b14946f4","result_position":15,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":263827375,"title":"The future landscape of large language models in medicine","venue":"Communications Medicine","year":2023,"authors":["J. Clusmann","F. Kolbinger","H. Muti","Zunamys I. Carrero","Jan-Niklas Eckardt","Narmin Ghaffari Laleh","C. Löffler","Sophie-Caroline Schwarzkopf","Michaela Unger","G. P. Veldhuizen","Sophia J Wagner","Jakob Nikolas Kather"],"abstract":"Large language models (LLMs) are artificial intelligence (AI) tools specifically trained to process and generate text. LLMs attracted substantial public attention after OpenAI’s ChatGPT was made publicly available in November 2022. LLMs can often answer questions, summarize, paraphrase and translate text on a level that is nearly indistinguishable from human capabilities. The possibility to actively interact with models like ChatGPT makes LLMs attractive tools in various fields, including medicine. While these models have the potential to democratize medical knowledge and facilitate access to healthcare, they could equally distribute misinformation and exacerbate scientific misconduct due to a lack of accountability and transparency. In this article, we provide a systematic and comprehensive overview of the potentials and limitations of LLMs in clinical practice, medical research and medical education.","doi":"10.1038/s43856-023-00370-1","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/282c568302701bc163d454702eae10e43ca784a3","result_position":16,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":268509884,"title":"RAD-PHI2: Instruction Tuning PHI-2 for Radiology","venue":"Advances in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning","year":2024,"authors":["M. Ranjit","G. Ganapathy","Shaury Srivastav","Tanuja Ganu","S. Oruganti"],"abstract":"Small Language Models (SLMs) have shown remarkable performance in general domain language understanding, reasoning and coding tasks, but their capabilities in the medical domain, particularly concerning radiology text, is less explored. In this study, we investigate the application of SLMs for general radiology knowledge specifically question answering related to understanding of symptoms, radiological appearances of findings, differential diagnosis, assessing prognosis, and suggesting treatments w.r.t diseases pertaining to different organ systems. Additionally, we explore the utility of SLMs in handling text-related tasks with respect to radiology reports within AI-driven radiology workflows.We fine-tune Phi2, a SLM with 2.7 billion parameters using high-quality educational content from Radiopaedia, a collaborative online radiology resource. The resulting language model, RadPhi2-Base, exhibits the ability to address general radiology queries across various systems (e.g., chest, cardiac). Furthermore, we investigate Phi2 for instruction tuning, enabling it to perform specific tasks. By fine-tuning Phi2 on general domain tasks followed by radiology-specific tasks related to chest X-ray reports, we create RadPhi2. Our empirical results reveal that Rad-Phi2-Base and Rad-Phi2 perform comparably or even outperform larger models such as Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.2 and GPT-4 providing concise and precise answers.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2403.09725","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/72afdbdaab5c14dbb3c6428d7e4c275d76f72446","result_position":17,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":268535761,"title":"Utilizing large language models in breast cancer management: systematic review","venue":"Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology","year":2024,"authors":["Vera Sorin","Benjamin S. Glicksberg","Y. Artsi","Y. Barash","Eli Konen","Girish N. Nadkarni","Eyal Klang"],"abstract":"Despite advanced technologies in breast cancer management, challenges remain in efficiently interpreting vast clinical data for patient-specific insights. We reviewed the literature on how large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT might offer solutions in this field. We searched MEDLINE for relevant studies published before December 22, 2023. Keywords included: “large language models”, “LLM”, “GPT”, “ChatGPT”, “OpenAI”, and “breast”. The risk bias was evaluated using the QUADAS-2 tool. Six studies evaluating either ChatGPT-3.5 or GPT-4, met our inclusion criteria. They explored clinical notes analysis, guideline-based question-answering, and patient management recommendations. Accuracy varied between studies, ranging from 50 to 98%. Higher accuracy was seen in structured tasks like information retrieval. Half of the studies used real patient data, adding practical clinical value. Challenges included inconsistent accuracy, dependency on the way questions are posed (prompt-dependency), and in some cases, missing critical clinical information. LLMs hold potential in breast cancer care, especially in textual information extraction and guideline-driven clinical question-answering. Yet, their inconsistent accuracy underscores the need for careful validation of these models, and the importance of ongoing supervision.","doi":"10.1007/s00432-024-05678-6","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d4bbb221d819071f61440f1945f5c183bf10ff2f","result_position":18,"is_clicked":true}],"string":"[\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 258215525,\n \"title\": \"A context-based chatbot surpasses trained radiologists and generic ChatGPT in following the ACR appropriateness guidelines\",\n \"venue\": \"medRxiv\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Rau\",\n \"S. Rau\",\n \"D. Zoeller\",\n \"A. Fink\",\n \"Hien Tran\",\n \"C. Wilpert\",\n \"Johanna Nattenmueller\",\n \"J. Neubauer\",\n \"F. Bamberg\",\n \"M. Reisert\",\n \"Maximilan F. Russe\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Background Radiological imaging guidelines are crucial for accurate diagnosis and optimal patient care as they result in standardized procedures and thus reduce inappropriate imaging studies. In the present study, we investigated the potential to support clinical decision-making using an interactive chatbot designed to provide personalized imaging recommendations based on indexed and vectorized American College of Radiology (ACR) appropriateness criteria documents. Methods We utilized 209 ACR appropriateness criteria documents as specialized knowledge base and employed LlamaIndex and the ChatGPT 3.5-Turbo to create an appropriateness criteria contexted chatbot (accGPT). Fifty clinical case files were used to compare the accGPT`s performance against radiologists at varying experience levels and to generic ChatGPT 3.5 and 4.0. Results All chatbots reached at least human performance level. For the 50 case files, the accGPT provided a median of 83% (95% CI 82-84) `usually appropriate` recommendations, while radiologists provided a median of 66% (95% CI 62-70). GPT 3.5-Turbo 70% (95% CI 67-73) and GPT 4 79% (95% CI 76-81) correct answers. Consistency was highest for the accGPT with almost perfect Fleiss` Kappa of 0.82. Further, the chatbots provided substantial time and cost savings, with an average decision time of 5 minutes and a cost of 0.19 Euro for all cases, compared to 50 minutes and 29.99 Euro for radiologists (both p < 0.01). Conclusion ChatGPT-based algorithms have the potential to substantially improve the decision-making for clinical imaging studies in accordance with ACR guidelines. Specifically, a context-based algorithm performed superior to its generic counterpart, demonstrating the value of tailoring AI solutions to specific healthcare applications.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1101/2023.04.10.23288354\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1c0c231f0a79e8d1c3cf5a278bea02188cc274e2\",\n \"result_position\": 0,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 268257013,\n \"title\": \"The Potential Applications and Challenges of ChatGPT in the Medical Field\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of General Medicine\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yonglin Mu\",\n \"Dawei He\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract ChatGPT, an AI-driven conversational large language model (LLM), has garnered significant scholarly attention since its inception, owing to its manifold applications in the realm of medical science. This study primarily examines the merits, limitations, anticipated developments, and practical applications of ChatGPT in clinical practice, healthcare, medical education, and medical research. It underscores the necessity for further research and development to enhance its performance and deployment. Moreover, future research avenues encompass ongoing enhancements and standardization of ChatGPT, mitigating its limitations, and exploring its integration and applicability in translational and personalized medicine. Reflecting the narrative nature of this review, a focused literature search was performed to identify relevant publications on ChatGPT’s use in medicine. This process was aimed at gathering a broad spectrum of insights to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state and future prospects of ChatGPT in the medical domain. The objective is to aid healthcare professionals in understanding the groundbreaking advancements associated with the latest artificial intelligence tools, while also acknowledging the opportunities and challenges presented by ChatGPT.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.2147/IJGM.S456659\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/764cf9e8a06e5f7a248ca017eb6f36e5ad8fe910\",\n \"result_position\": 1,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 267225790,\n \"title\": \"Large Language Models: A Guide for Radiologists\",\n \"venue\": \"Korean Journal of Radiology\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Sunkyu Kim\",\n \"Choong-kun Lee\",\n \"Seung-seob Kim\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized the global landscape of technology beyond natural language processing. Owing to their extensive pre-training on vast datasets, contemporary LLMs can handle tasks ranging from general functionalities to domain-specific areas, such as radiology, without additional fine-tuning. General-purpose chatbots based on LLMs can optimize the efficiency of radiologists in terms of their professional work and research endeavors. Importantly, these LLMs are on a trajectory of rapid evolution, wherein challenges such as “hallucination,” high training cost, and efficiency issues are addressed, along with the inclusion of multimodal inputs. In this review, we aim to offer conceptual knowledge and actionable guidance to radiologists interested in utilizing LLMs through a succinct overview of the topic and a summary of radiology-specific aspects, from the beginning to potential future directions.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3348/kjr.2023.0997\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/25a9c0946925cc860c4600dba91b313cdbe7c8a8\",\n \"result_position\": 2,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 272987311,\n \"title\": \"Evaluating acute image ordering for real-world patient cases via language model alignment with radiological guidelines\",\n \"venue\": \"Communications Medicine\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Michael S. Yao\",\n \"Allison Chae\",\n \"Piya Saraiya\",\n \"Charles E. Kahn\",\n \"W. Witschey\",\n \"James C. Gee\",\n \"H. Sagreiya\",\n \"O. Bastani\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Diagnostic imaging studies are increasingly important in the management of acutely presenting patients. However, ordering appropriate imaging studies in the emergency department is a challenging task with a high degree of variability among healthcare providers. To address this issue, recent work has investigated whether generative AI and large language models can be leveraged to recommend diagnostic imaging studies in accordance with evidence-based medical guidelines. However, it remains challenging to ensure that these tools can provide recommendations that correctly align with medical guidelines, especially given the limited diagnostic information available in acute care settings. In this study, we introduce a framework to intelligently leverage language models by recommending imaging studies for patient cases that align with the American College of Radiology’s Appropriateness Criteria, a set of evidence-based guidelines. To power our experiments, we introduce RadCases, a dataset of over 1500 annotated case summaries reflecting common patient presentations, and apply our framework to enable state-of-the-art language models to reason about appropriate imaging choices. Using our framework, state-of-the-art language models achieve accuracy comparable to clinicians in ordering imaging studies. Furthermore, we demonstrate that our language model-based pipeline can be used as an intelligent assistant by clinicians to support image ordering workflows and improve the accuracy of acute image ordering according to the American College of Radiology’s Appropriateness Criteria. Our work demonstrates and validates a strategy to leverage AI-based software to improve trustworthy clinical decision-making in alignment with expert evidence-based guidelines. Yao et al. evaluate the ability of large language models to order diagnostic images in acute patient care. By aligning model predictions with evidence-based guidelines, they show that language models can match or exceed clinician performance, and assist providers in making evidence-based imaging decisions. Emergency room doctors often need to quickly decide which medical scans, such as X-rays or CT scans, to order for patients. However, these decisions can vary significantly among doctors. In this study, we looked at whether generative artificial intelligence (AI) can help recommend which scans patients should receive. We created a dataset of real patient cases to help AI tools follow expert medical guidelines when suggesting scans. Our results show that AI tools can accurately choose the right scans for patients and can also be helpful assistants for clinicians. In the future, we hope this work can support faster, more accurate decision-making and reduce unnecessary tests.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s43856-025-01061-9\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0d71f55abe06761b3a44fd4b667f93d7287c602b\",\n \"result_position\": 3,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 270962832,\n \"title\": \"Radiologic Decision-Making for Imaging in Pulmonary Embolism: Accuracy and Reliability of Large Language Models—Bing, Claude, ChatGPT, and Perplexity\",\n \"venue\": \"Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Pradosh Kumar Sarangi\",\n \"Suvrankar Datta\",\n \"M. Swarup\",\n \"Swaha Panda\",\n \"Debasish Swapnesh Kumar Nayak\",\n \"Archana Malik\",\n \"Ananda Datta\",\n \"Himel Mondal\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract Background Artificial intelligence chatbots have demonstrated potential to enhance clinical decision-making and streamline health care workflows, potentially alleviating administrative burdens. However, the contribution of AI chatbots to radiologic decision-making for clinical scenarios remains insufficiently explored. This study evaluates the accuracy and reliability of four prominent Large Language Models (LLMs)—Microsoft Bing, Claude, ChatGPT 3.5, and Perplexity—in offering clinical decision support for initial imaging for suspected pulmonary embolism (PE). Methods Open-ended (OE) and select-all-that-apply (SATA) questions were crafted, covering four variants of case scenarios of PE in-line with the American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria. These questions were presented to the LLMs by three radiologists from diverse geographical regions and setups. The responses were evaluated based on established scoring criteria, with a maximum achievable score of 2 points for OE responses and 1 point for each correct answer in SATA questions. To enable comparative analysis, scores were normalized (score divided by the maximum achievable score). Result In OE questions, Perplexity achieved the highest accuracy (0.83), while Claude had the lowest (0.58), with Bing and ChatGPT each scoring 0.75. For SATA questions, Bing led with an accuracy of 0.96, Perplexity was the lowest at 0.56, and both Claude and ChatGPT scored 0.6. Overall, OE questions saw higher scores (0.73) compared to SATA (0.68). There is poor agreement among radiologists' scores for OE (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient [ICC] = −0.067, p = 0.54), while there is strong agreement for SATA (ICC = 0.875, p < 0.001). Conclusion The study revealed variations in accuracy across LLMs for both OE and SATA questions. Perplexity showed superior performance in OE questions, while Bing excelled in SATA questions. OE queries yielded better overall results. The current inconsistencies in LLM accuracy highlight the importance of further refinement before these tools can be reliably integrated into clinical practice, with a need for additional LLM fine-tuning and judicious selection by radiologists to achieve consistent and reliable support for decision-making.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1055/s-0044-1787974\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ed8f573702839caba68390d7cf1b415c8ae59904\",\n \"result_position\": 4,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 269362530,\n \"title\": \"A Comprehensive Survey on Evaluating Large Language Model Applications in the Medical Industry\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yining Huang\",\n \"Keke Tang\",\n \"Meilian Chen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Since the inception of the Transformer architecture in 2017, Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT and BERT have evolved significantly, impacting various industries with their advanced capabilities in language understanding and generation. These models have shown potential to transform the medical field, highlighting the necessity for specialized evaluation frameworks to ensure their effective and ethical deployment. This comprehensive survey delineates the extensive application and requisite evaluation of LLMs within healthcare, emphasizing the critical need for empirical validation to fully exploit their capabilities in enhancing healthcare outcomes. Our survey is structured to provide an in-depth analysis of LLM applications across clinical settings, medical text data processing, research, education, and public health awareness. We begin by exploring the roles of LLMs in various medical applications, detailing their evaluation based on performance in tasks such as clinical diagnosis, medical text data processing, information retrieval, data analysis, and educational content generation. The subsequent sections offer a comprehensive discussion on the evaluation methods and metrics employed, including models, evaluators, and comparative experiments. We further examine the benchmarks and datasets utilized in these evaluations, providing a categorized description of benchmarks for tasks like question answering, summarization, information extraction, bioinformatics, information retrieval and general comprehensive benchmarks. This structure ensures a thorough understanding of how LLMs are assessed for their effectiveness, accuracy, usability, and ethical alignment in the medical domain. ...\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2404.15777\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/232e821d64dc251eaba228392bf77e02bc7a8997\",\n \"result_position\": 5,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 276714223,\n \"title\": \"ChatGPT performance in assessing musculoskeletal MRI scan appropriateness based on ACR appropriateness criteria\",\n \"venue\": \"Scientific Reports\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jin Rong Tan\",\n \"D. Lim\",\n \"Quan Le\",\n \"G. Y. Karande\",\n \"Lai Peng Chan\",\n \"Yeong Huei Ng\",\n \"D. Ting\",\n \"Sudharsan Madhavan\",\n \"Hiok Yang Chan\",\n \"Anh Tran\",\n \"Yusheng Keefe Lai\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large Language Models (LLMs) hold potential as clinical decision support tools, particularly when integrated with domain-specific knowledge. In radiology, there is limited research on LLMs for assessing imaging appropriateness. This study evaluates a contextualized GPT-4-based LLM’s performance in assessing the appropriateness of musculoskeletal MRI scan requests with standard models and different versions of optimization. The LLMs’ performances was also compared against human clinicians with varying experience (two radiology residents, two subspecialist attendings, an orthopaedic surgeon). Using a retrieval-augmented generation framework, the LLM was provided with a domain-specific knowledge base from 33 American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria guidelines. A test dataset of 70 fictional case scenarios was created, including cases with insufficient clinical information. Quantitative analysis using the McNemar mid-P test revealed that the optimized LLM achieved 92.86% accuracy, significantly outperforming the baseline model (61.43%, P < .001) and the standard GPT-4 model (51.29%, P < .001). The optimized model also excelled in identifying cases with insufficient clinical information. In comparison to human clinicians, the optimized LLM performed better than all but one radiologist. This study demonstrates that with contextualization and optimization, GPT-4-based LLMs can improve performance in assessing imaging appropriateness and show promise as clinical decision support tools in radiology.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s41598-025-88925-1\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2d1f158b150caa424abd7604afb284180a3f05fe\",\n \"result_position\": 6,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 264393431,\n \"title\": \"Assessing appropriate responses to ACR urologic imaging scenarios using ChatGPT and Bard.\",\n \"venue\": \"Current problems in diagnostic radiology\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"S. Doddi\",\n \"Taryn Hibshman\",\n \"Oscar Salichs\",\n \"Kaustav Bera\",\n \"Charit Tippareddy\",\n \"N. Ramaiya\",\n \"S. Tirumani\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Artificial intelligence (AI) has recently become a trending tool and topic regarding productivity especially with publicly available free services such as ChatGPT and Bard. In this report, we investigate if two widely available chatbots chatGPT and Bard, are able to show consistent accurate responses for the best imaging modality for urologic clinical situations and if they are in line with American College of Radiology (ACR) Appropriateness Criteria (AC). All clinical scenarios provided by the ACR were inputted into ChatGPT and Bard with result compared to the ACR AC and recorded. Both chatbots had an appropriate imaging modality rate of of 62% and no significant difference in proportion of correct imaging modality was found overall between the two services (p>0.05). The results of our study found that both ChatGPT and Bard are similar in their ability to suggest the most appropriate imaging modality in a variety of urologic scenarios based on ACR AC criteria. Nonetheless, both chatbots lack consistent accuracy and further development is necessary for implementation in clinical settings. For proper use of these AI services in clinical decision making, further developments are needed to improve the workflow of physicians.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2023.10.022\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c00dcb569a540c1a616b87abe4808a30bf1f9197\",\n \"result_position\": 7,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 271500318,\n \"title\": \"Advancing radiology with GPT-4: Innovations in clinical applications, patient engagement, research, and learning\",\n \"venue\": \"European Journal of Radiology Open\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Sadhana Kalidindi\",\n \"Janani Baradwaj\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare, particularly in radiology, underscores a transformative era marked by a potential for enhanced diagnostic precision, increased patient engagement, and streamlined clinical workflows. Amongst the key developments at the heart of this transformation are Large Language Models like the Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 (GPT-4), whose integration into radiological practices could potentially herald a significant leap by assisting in the generation and summarization of radiology reports, aiding in differential diagnoses, and recommending evidence-based treatments. This review delves into the multifaceted potential applications of Large Language Models within radiology, using GPT-4 as an example, from improving diagnostic accuracy and reporting efficiency to translating complex medical findings into patient-friendly summaries. The review acknowledges the ethical, privacy, and technical challenges inherent in deploying AI technologies, emphasizing the importance of careful oversight, validation, and adherence to regulatory standards. Through a balanced discourse on the potential and pitfalls of GPT-4 in radiology, the article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of how these models have the potential to reshape the future of radiological services, fostering improvements in patient care, educational methodologies, and clinical research.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.ejro.2024.100589\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6043095ad0f411d83799153753988b50093c5a34\",\n \"result_position\": 8,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 256272939,\n \"title\": \"ChatGPT and Other Large Language Models Are Double-edged Swords.\",\n \"venue\": \"Radiology\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yiqiu Shen\",\n \"L. Heacock\",\n \"Jonathan Elias\",\n \"K. Hentel\",\n \"B. Reig\",\n \"G. Shih\",\n \"Linda Moy\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1148/radiol.230163\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/621b8c4b37d1e22d440262dda2206ac13da6d779\",\n \"result_position\": 9,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 259249727,\n \"title\": \"Evaluating GPT as an Adjunct for Radiologic Decision Making: GPT-4 Versus GPT-3.5 in a Breast Imaging Pilot.\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of the American College of Radiology\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Arya S. Rao\",\n \"John Kim\",\n \"M. Kamineni\",\n \"Michael Pang\",\n \"Winston Lie\",\n \"K. Dreyer\",\n \"M. Succi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.jacr.2023.05.003\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/32c3dca204d934bdcf559f1cd5acc5bbd14e68fa\",\n \"result_position\": 10,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 272483071,\n \"title\": \"Evaluating text and visual diagnostic capabilities of large language models on questions related to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System Atlas 5th edition\",\n \"venue\": \"Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Y. Güneş\",\n \"T. Cesur\",\n \"E. Çamur\",\n \"Leman Günbey Karabekmez\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the performance of large language models (LLMs) and multimodal LLMs in interpreting the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) categories and providing clinical management recommendations for breast radiology in text-based and visual questions. METHODS This cross-sectional observational study involved two steps. In the first step, we compared ten LLMs (namely ChatGPT 4o, ChatGPT 4, ChatGPT 3.5, Google Gemini 1.5 Pro, Google Gemini 1.0, Microsoft Copilot, Perplexity, Claude 3.5 Sonnet, Claude 3 Opus, and Claude 3 Opus 200K), general radiologists, and a breast radiologist using 100 text-based multiple-choice questions (MCQs) related to the BI-RADS Atlas 5th edition. In the second step, we assessed the performance of five multimodal LLMs (ChatGPT 4o, ChatGPT 4V, Claude 3.5 Sonnet, Claude 3 Opus, and Google Gemini 1.5 Pro) in assigning BI-RADS categories and providing clinical management recommendations on 100 breast ultrasound images. The comparison of correct answers and accuracy by question types was analyzed using McNemar’s and chi-squared tests. Management scores were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis and Wilcoxon tests. RESULTS Claude 3.5 Sonnet achieved the highest accuracy in text-based MCQs (90%), followed by ChatGPT 4o (89%), outperforming all other LLMs and general radiologists (78% and 76%) (P < 0.05), except for the Claude 3 Opus models and the breast radiologist (82%) (P > 0.05). Lower-performing LLMs included Google Gemini 1.0 (61%) and ChatGPT 3.5 (60%). Performance across different categories of showed no significant variation among LLMs or radiologists (P > 0.05). For breast ultrasound images, Claude 3.5 Sonnet achieved 59% accuracy, significantly higher than other multimodal LLMs (P < 0.05). Management recommendations were evaluated using a 3-point Likert scale, with Claude 3.5 Sonnet scoring the highest (mean: 2.12 ± 0.97) (P < 0.05). Accuracy varied significantly across BI-RADS categories, except Claude 3 Opus (P < 0.05). Gemini 1.5 Pro failed to answer any BI-RADS 5 questions correctly. Similarly, ChatGPT 4V failed to answer any BI-RADS 1 questions correctly, making them the least accurate in these categories (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Although LLMs such as Claude 3.5 Sonnet and ChatGPT 4o show promise in text-based BI-RADS assessments, their limitations in visual diagnostics suggest they should be used cautiously and under radiologists’ supervision to avoid misdiagnoses. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study demonstrates that while LLMs exhibit strong capabilities in text-based BI-RADS assessments, their visual diagnostic abilities are currently limited, necessitating further development and cautious application in clinical practice.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.4274/dir.2024.242876\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/542a074ea2b8a5ecc2da88105e987670162c2a3d\",\n \"result_position\": 11,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 265351795,\n \"title\": \"LLMs-Healthcare: Current applications and challenges of large language models in various medical specialties\",\n \"venue\": \"Artificial Intelligence in Health\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ummara Mumtaz\",\n \"Awais Ahmed\",\n \"Summaya Mumtaz\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in utilizing large language models (LLMs) in the health-care sector, emphasizing their transformative impact across various medical domains. LLMs have become pivotal in supporting healthcare, including physicians, health-care providers, and patients. Our review provides insight into the applications of LLMs in healthcare, specifically focusing on diagnostic and treatment-related functionalities. We shed light on how LLMs are applied in cancer care, dermatology, dental care, neurodegenerative disorders, and mental health, highlighting their innovative contributions to medical diagnostics and patient care. Throughout our analysis, we explore the challenges and opportunities associated with integrating LLMs in healthcare, recognizing their potential across various medical specialties despite existing limitations. In addition, we offer an overview of handling diverse data types within the medical field.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.36922/aih.2558\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e42046e117561864de7ac42a4eded6a972d7bc93\",\n \"result_position\": 12,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 277201755,\n \"title\": \"Comparative Analysis of ChatGPT-4o and Gemini Advanced Performance on Diagnostic Radiology In-Training Exams\",\n \"venue\": \"Cureus\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Kian A. Huang\",\n \"Haris K Choudhary\",\n \"William M Hardin\",\n \"Neelesh S Prakash\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Background The increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in medical education and clinical practice has led to a growing interest in large language models (LLMs) for diagnostic reasoning and training. LLMs have demonstrated potential in interpreting medical text, summarizing findings, and answering radiology-related questions. However, their ability to accurately analyze both written and image-based content in radiology remains uncertain with newer models. This study evaluates the performance of OpenAI's Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4o (ChatGPT-4o) and Google DeepMind's Gemini Advanced on the 2022 ACR (American College of Radiology) Diagnostic Radiology In-Training (DXIT) Exam to assess their capabilities in different radiological subfields. Methods ChatGPT-4o and Gemini Advanced were tested on 106 multiple-choice questions from the 2022 DXIT exam, which included both image-based and written-based questions spanning various radiological subspecialties. Their performance was compared using overall accuracy, subfield-specific accuracy, and two-proportion z-tests to determine significant differences. Results ChatGPT-4o achieved an overall accuracy of 69.8% (74/106), outperforming Gemini Advanced, which scored 60.4% (64/106), although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.151). In image-based questions (n = 64), ChatGPT-4o performed better (57.8%, 37/64) than Gemini Advanced (43.8%, 28/64). For written-based questions (n = 42), ChatGPT-4o and Gemini Advanced demonstrated similar accuracy (88.1% vs. 85.7%). ChatGPT-4o exhibited stronger performance in specific subfields, such as cardiac and nuclear radiology, but neither model showed consistent superiority across all radiology domains. Conclusion LLMs show promise in radiology education and diagnostic reasoning, particularly for text-based assessments. However, limitations such as inconsistent responses and lower accuracy in image interpretation highlight the need for further refinement. Future research should focus on improving AI models' reliability, multimodal capabilities, and integration into radiology training programs.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.7759/cureus.80874\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c12864b22b2b7d9e57922abb8a2cfe2d6774d782\",\n \"result_position\": 13,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 269287125,\n \"title\": \"Exploring the Potentials of Large Language Models in Vascular and Interventional Radiology: Opportunities and Challenges\",\n \"venue\": \"The Arab Journal of Interventional Radiology\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"T. Togunwa\",\n \"A. Ajibade\",\n \"C. Uche-Orji\",\n \"Richard Olatunji\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract The increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare, particularly in vascular and interventional radiology (VIR), has opened avenues for enhanced efficiency and precision. This narrative review delves into the potential applications of large language models (LLMs) in VIR, with a focus on Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT) and similar models. LLMs, designed for natural language processing, exhibit promising capabilities in clinical decision-making, workflow optimization, education, and patient-centered care. The discussion highlights LLMs' ability to analyze extensive medical literature, aiding radiologists in making informed decisions. Moreover, their role in improving clinical workflow, automating report generation, and intelligent patient scheduling is explored. This article also examines LLMs' impact on VIR education, presenting them as valuable tools for trainees. Additionally, the integration of LLMs into patient education processes is examined, highlighting their potential to enhance patient-centered care through simplified and accurate medical information dissemination. Despite these potentials, this paper discusses challenges and ethical considerations, including AI over-reliance, potential misinformation, and biases. The scarcity of comprehensive VIR datasets and the need for ongoing monitoring and interdisciplinary collaboration are also emphasized. Advocating for a balanced approach, the combination of LLMs with computer vision AI models addresses the inherently visual nature of VIR. Overall, while the widespread implementation of LLMs in VIR may be premature, their potential to improve various aspects of the discipline is undeniable. Recognizing challenges and ethical considerations, fostering collaboration, and adhering to ethical standards are essential for unlocking the full potential of LLMs in VIR, ushering in a new era of healthcare delivery and innovation.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1055/s-0044-1782663\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/77e7f314f26b35a0434f4979eb1ee62965256aaf\",\n \"result_position\": 14,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 272700541,\n \"title\": \"Comparative performance analysis of large language models: ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4 and Google Gemini in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Linjian Tong\",\n \"Chaoyang Zhang\",\n \"Rui Liu\",\n \"Jia Yang\",\n \"Zhi-Ming Sun\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The use of large language models (LLMs) in medicine can help physicians improve the quality and effectiveness of health care by increasing the efficiency of medical information management, patient care, medical research, and clinical decision-making. We collected 34 frequently asked questions about glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP), covering topics related to the disease’s clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and risk factors. We also generated 25 questions based on the 2022 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Prevention and Treatment of Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis (2022 ACR-GIOP Guideline). Each question was posed to the LLM (ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4, and Google Gemini), and three senior orthopedic surgeons independently rated the responses generated by the LLMs. Three senior orthopedic surgeons independently rated the answers based on responses ranging between 1 and 4 points. A total score (TS) > 9 indicated ‘good’ responses, 6 ≤ TS ≤ 9 indicated ‘moderate’ responses, and TS < 6 indicated ‘poor’ responses. In response to the general questions related to GIOP and the 2022 ACR-GIOP Guidelines, Google Gemini provided more concise answers than the other LLMs. In terms of pathogenesis, ChatGPT-4 had significantly higher total scores (TSs) than ChatGPT-3.5. The TSs for answering questions related to the 2022 ACR-GIOP Guideline by ChatGPT-4 were significantly higher than those for Google Gemini. ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4 had significantly higher self-corrected TSs than pre-corrected TSs, while Google Gemini self-corrected for responses that were not significantly different than before. Our study showed that Google Gemini provides more concise and intuitive responses than ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4. ChatGPT-4 performed significantly better than ChatGPT3.5 and Google Gemini in terms of answering general questions about GIOP and the 2022 ACR-GIOP Guidelines. ChatGPT3.5 and ChatGPT-4 self-corrected better than Google Gemini.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1186/s13018-024-04996-2\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4c7e79f1e898fa35d585558e652d7817b14946f4\",\n \"result_position\": 15,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 263827375,\n \"title\": \"The future landscape of large language models in medicine\",\n \"venue\": \"Communications Medicine\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Clusmann\",\n \"F. Kolbinger\",\n \"H. Muti\",\n \"Zunamys I. Carrero\",\n \"Jan-Niklas Eckardt\",\n \"Narmin Ghaffari Laleh\",\n \"C. Löffler\",\n \"Sophie-Caroline Schwarzkopf\",\n \"Michaela Unger\",\n \"G. P. Veldhuizen\",\n \"Sophia J Wagner\",\n \"Jakob Nikolas Kather\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large language models (LLMs) are artificial intelligence (AI) tools specifically trained to process and generate text. LLMs attracted substantial public attention after OpenAI’s ChatGPT was made publicly available in November 2022. LLMs can often answer questions, summarize, paraphrase and translate text on a level that is nearly indistinguishable from human capabilities. The possibility to actively interact with models like ChatGPT makes LLMs attractive tools in various fields, including medicine. While these models have the potential to democratize medical knowledge and facilitate access to healthcare, they could equally distribute misinformation and exacerbate scientific misconduct due to a lack of accountability and transparency. In this article, we provide a systematic and comprehensive overview of the potentials and limitations of LLMs in clinical practice, medical research and medical education.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s43856-023-00370-1\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/282c568302701bc163d454702eae10e43ca784a3\",\n \"result_position\": 16,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 268509884,\n \"title\": \"RAD-PHI2: Instruction Tuning PHI-2 for Radiology\",\n \"venue\": \"Advances in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Ranjit\",\n \"G. Ganapathy\",\n \"Shaury Srivastav\",\n \"Tanuja Ganu\",\n \"S. Oruganti\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Small Language Models (SLMs) have shown remarkable performance in general domain language understanding, reasoning and coding tasks, but their capabilities in the medical domain, particularly concerning radiology text, is less explored. In this study, we investigate the application of SLMs for general radiology knowledge specifically question answering related to understanding of symptoms, radiological appearances of findings, differential diagnosis, assessing prognosis, and suggesting treatments w.r.t diseases pertaining to different organ systems. Additionally, we explore the utility of SLMs in handling text-related tasks with respect to radiology reports within AI-driven radiology workflows.We fine-tune Phi2, a SLM with 2.7 billion parameters using high-quality educational content from Radiopaedia, a collaborative online radiology resource. The resulting language model, RadPhi2-Base, exhibits the ability to address general radiology queries across various systems (e.g., chest, cardiac). Furthermore, we investigate Phi2 for instruction tuning, enabling it to perform specific tasks. By fine-tuning Phi2 on general domain tasks followed by radiology-specific tasks related to chest X-ray reports, we create RadPhi2. Our empirical results reveal that Rad-Phi2-Base and Rad-Phi2 perform comparably or even outperform larger models such as Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.2 and GPT-4 providing concise and precise answers.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2403.09725\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/72afdbdaab5c14dbb3c6428d7e4c275d76f72446\",\n \"result_position\": 17,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 268535761,\n \"title\": \"Utilizing large language models in breast cancer management: systematic review\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Vera Sorin\",\n \"Benjamin S. Glicksberg\",\n \"Y. Artsi\",\n \"Y. Barash\",\n \"Eli Konen\",\n \"Girish N. Nadkarni\",\n \"Eyal Klang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Despite advanced technologies in breast cancer management, challenges remain in efficiently interpreting vast clinical data for patient-specific insights. We reviewed the literature on how large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT might offer solutions in this field. We searched MEDLINE for relevant studies published before December 22, 2023. Keywords included: “large language models”, “LLM”, “GPT”, “ChatGPT”, “OpenAI”, and “breast”. The risk bias was evaluated using the QUADAS-2 tool. Six studies evaluating either ChatGPT-3.5 or GPT-4, met our inclusion criteria. They explored clinical notes analysis, guideline-based question-answering, and patient management recommendations. Accuracy varied between studies, ranging from 50 to 98%. Higher accuracy was seen in structured tasks like information retrieval. Half of the studies used real patient data, adding practical clinical value. Challenges included inconsistent accuracy, dependency on the way questions are posed (prompt-dependency), and in some cases, missing critical clinical information. LLMs hold potential in breast cancer care, especially in textual information extraction and guideline-driven clinical question-answering. Yet, their inconsistent accuracy underscores the need for careful validation of these models, and the importance of ongoing supervision.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s00432-024-05678-6\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d4bbb221d819071f61440f1945f5c183bf10ff2f\",\n \"result_position\": 18,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":70,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"Fenomena empiris yang menjadi perhatian utama dalam penelitian ini adalah tantangan spesifik yang dihadapi dalam pengelolaan dana BOS melalui ARKAS di lingkungan sekolah dasar di daerah terpencil. Kabupaten Tana Tidung, sebagai salah satu daerah terpencil di luar Jawa, memiliki karakteristik geografis dan sosial yang unik. "},"query_timestamp":{"kind":"string","value":"2025-06-07T08:49:40.648665+00:00"},"thread_id":{"kind":"string","value":"0617db3fe8ea6cdcd740c8130717e6e2a96e2a19eb168452973a86951fae6646"},"num_shown":{"kind":"number","value":40,"string":"40"},"num_clicked":{"kind":"number","value":0,"string":"0"},"has_clicks":{"kind":"bool","value":false,"string":"false"},"shown_papers":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"corpus_id":272321890,"title":"Effectiveness of the use of the school budget activity plan application in managing school operational assistance funds at Elementary School Number 1 Abiansemal in 2024","venue":"Priviet Social Sciences Journal","year":2024,"authors":["Ni Made","Pitri Rahayu","G. Wirata","W. Astawa"],"abstract":"The management system for school operational assistance funds has evolved to in- corporate information and communication technology through the School Budget Activity Plan Application, commonly referred to as ARKAS. The Ministry of Ed- ucation, Culture, Research, and Technology developed the ARKAS innovation to facilitate the management of school operational assistance funds received by each educational institution. This study aims to understand why the effectiveness of using the School Budget Activity Plan application at Elementary School Number 1 Abi- ansemal has not yet been optimized. A qualitative method was employed to explore information about the phenomenon, supported by a descriptive approach, which en- abled the creation of relationships with informants, allowing the researcher to obtain new data. The data sources were obtained from interviews and documents related to the research. Data collection was conducted through documentation, interviews, and observation at the research location. Subsequently, the data were analyzed using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of this study indicate that the suboptimal effectiveness in using the School Budget Activity Plan application for managing school operational assistance funds at Elementary School Number 1 Abiansemal is due to insufficient dissemination by relevant authorities regarding the understanding of ARKAS and inadequate supporting infrastructure. However, improvements in several components are necessary to enhance the effective- ness of managing school operational assistance funds through ARKAS. This includes the need for training and socialization to improve understanding of ARKAS usage in terms of planning, reporting, and realization, as well as creating synergy between school operators and district operators to ensure that the information conveyed is easily understood.\n ","doi":"10.55942/pssj.v4i8.324","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/132400700ff9c86baf3907418e0e0f2d8b554b5d","result_position":0,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":259017978,"title":"INDONESIAN EDUCATION POLICY AND MANAGEMENT: BOS FUND IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS","venue":"European Journal of Education Studies","year":2023,"authors":["I. Putra","N. Gistituati","R. Rusdinal"],"abstract":"This article discusses the policy and management of Education: BOS Fund in Primary Schools. Based on Permendikbud No 161 of 2014 concerning Technical Guidelines for the Management of Regular School Operational Assistance Funds. BOS fund management has at least three indicators: Planning, implementation and reporting. These three indicators are the benchmark for managing BOS funds well. The research method uses a literature study with a meta-analysis of ten national journal review results based on BOS fund management indicators: Planning, implementation, and reporting. Results of this study: 1. Planning involves all school residents, including the principal, treasurer, teachers, employees, committees, and parents. This Planning is poured in the form of the preparation of RKAS. RKAS is made with various considerations and by the conditions of each elementary school. 2. The implementation of BOS fund management, starting with the withdrawal of funds; some are carried out in Dahab, and some are all at once; the collection adjusts to each condition and then allocates by the RKAS that has been made. The collection of BOS funds must be recorded in detail and clearly. As well as leaving a minimum balance as a precaution. 3. Reporting is carried out gradually and every day so that it is monitored in real and particular. This reporting is in the form of a unique BOS fund governance book. Article visualizations:","doi":"10.46827/ejes.v10i5.4827","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a95822d4b6cd19a7b1699bfa64edb2568063c734","result_position":1,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":268717295,"title":"EFFECTIVENESS OF ACCOUNTABILITY AND TRANSPARENCY OF BOS FUND MANAGEMENT USING THE ARKAS APPLICATION","venue":"Managere","year":2023,"authors":["Sahdan"],"abstract":"One of the government's policies in supporting the advancement of education is to provide educational assistance in the form of school operational assistance funds (BOS). In managing BOS funds so that they can run optimally, good financial management skills are needed for schools. The method used in this research is qualitative with descriptive analysis. Sources of information were obtained from various stakeholders such as school principals, treasurers, and teachers at MAS Ulumuddin Lhokseumawe. Data collection was carried out through interviews, documentation, and literature review. The results showed that there was an increase in efficiency and effectiveness in the accounting system for the use of BOS funds after using the school activity plan and budget application (ARKAS). The effectiveness, accountability and transparency of the management of BOS funds using the ARKAS application in the activity plan and school budget at MAS Ulumuddin Lhokseumawe are interrelated and have been running very well and optimally.","doi":"10.52627/managere.v5i2.179","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ea8e960fec193b05e6d95f8afd102382fe65f4b2","result_position":2,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":266645963,"title":"EFEKTIVITAS PENYALURAN DANA BANTUAN OPERASIONAL SEKOLAH (BOS) DI SD","venue":"Manajemen Pendidikan","year":2023,"authors":["L. Halimah","Heri Yusuf Muslihin","Fahmi Qodrul Asphar","Nunung Nurjanah","Susi Widianingsih"],"abstract":"This study aims to idescribe thei effectiveness of the distribution of school operational iassistance funds (BOS) in elementary schools in planning, implementing, monitoring, evaluating and reporting and accountability for the management of BOS fundsi in SDN Paganjuran, Cineam District, Tasikmalaya Regency.This research was conducted at SDN Paganjuran, Cineam District, Tasikmalaya Regency. Data were collected by observation, interview and documentation methods, which were then analyzed using a qualitative approach and descriptive analysis. The problem faced by all these elementary schools was that the School Operational Assistance (BOS) funds did not arrive on time as expected.The results showed that the BOS treasurer prepared the ARKAS ion time, namely ati the beginningi of th fiscal year, basedi on the priority scale of school needs, and involved icommittees andi teachers.The conclusion in this study is that the implementation aspect has not been entirely successful because the distribution of School Operational Assistance funds is still late. The aspect of supervision is still not fully successful because there is no supervision from the relevant agencies on a regular basis. Evaluationi activitiesi by the committee have been carried out although not optimal. Reporting on the management of BOS fund at SDN Paganjuran can be said to have been successful because a report has been made in accordance with the itechnical guidelines for managingi BOS funds. The level of effectiveness in managing BOS funds at SDN Paganjuran is in the effective criteria.Keywords: Management, Financing, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation.","doi":"10.23917/jmp.v18i1.21711","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/23bb2c290f5a4852cf7a3f88206b66c2c730912d","result_position":3,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":196210215,"title":"Budgeting school operational assistance in Central Java using three spatial process modelling","venue":"Journal of Physics: Conference Series","year":2019,"authors":["R. Wasono","Asad Karim","M. Y. Darsyah","Suwardi"],"abstract":"The formulation of Indonesian school operational assistance is a complex issue, as each region has different characteristics. The aim of this research was to find out the mapping of the distribution of school operational assistance budget in Central Java Province, to develop the equalization model of Indonesian school operational assistance of Central Java Province using spatial through three spatial processes namely spatial lag X (SLX), spatial autoregressive (SAR), and spatial error model (SEM). Spatial modeling is expected to be a tool of educational development planning so that the development is more directed to equitable distribution of Indonesian school operational assistance in Central Java. The distribution of funds for the program is one form of government expenditures in the form of subsidies for the education sector as the compensation from reduced subsidies for fuel oil. The research results show that the SEM model is the best model, and the estimation results show that the school development budget, school management and human development index can significantly be a determinant of the distribution of Indonesian school operational assistance.","doi":"10.1088/1742-6596/1217/1/012112","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/44b8a636ba934b56cc8fd1fca5b499227a9dca2a","result_position":4,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":261171835,"title":"Financial Management of Educational Operational Assistance in Improving the Quality of Education in Sesayap District, Tana Tidung Regency","venue":"Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi Publik","year":2023,"authors":["M. Huda","Rahmat Hidayat","T. Chandrawati"],"abstract":"Financial management of educational operational assistance (BOP) is school operational assistance originating from the Regional Government of Tana Tidung Regency which is used for school operational activities. The aims of this study are 1) to find out the financial management of educational operational assistance (BOP) to improve the quality of education in Sesayap District, Tana Tidung Regency; 2) to find out the inhibiting factors for operational assistance financial management (BOP) in Sesayap District, Tana Tidung Regency. The informants in this study were the Head of the Education Office, the Head of the Finance Subdivision of the Education Office, and the Principal of a school in Sesayap District, as well as one of the treasurers of the BOP. The research design used is qualitative with a case study approach. Data collection techniques used are interviews, observation, and documentation. The data analysis techniques are data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that 1) financial management of operational assistance (BOP) in improving the quality of education in Sesayap District, Tana Tidung Regency has been carried out in accordance with the provisions of 8 educational standards, namely graduate competency standards, content standards, process standards, assessment standards, educator and staff standards education, infrastructure standards, management standards, and financing standards analyzed from research indicators, namely fulfillment of financial obligations, honesty, control, responsibility, efficiency, and effectiveness; 2) the inhibiting factors in BOP financial management are delays in the disbursement of BOP from the district and the lack of awareness of financial responsibility from the organizers of activities or programs to the BOP treasurer of educational units.","doi":"10.26858/jiap.v13i1.43723","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/727d7e75579150cb5741c5bcb322b280eed03335","result_position":5,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":265563557,"title":"Analisis Manajemen Keuangan di UPT Sekolah Dasar Negeri 234 Gresik","venue":"ARZUSIN","year":2023,"authors":["Aqilla Rizki Alvian","Azzah Farihah","Ayu Wulandari","Innafi Hamda Abida","Sofia Dwi Damayanti","Ummi Latifah","Nuphanudin Nuphanudin"],"abstract":"This research discusses financial management at UPT SDN 234 Gresik, to extract funds, manage School Operational Assistance (BOS) funds, make reports and financial accountability, and conduct supervision. This study used a qualitative descriptive method. Primary data was obtained through interviews with school treasurers, and additional data from literature studies. Thus, the focus of this research is on the financial management aspect of the school. The research results show that this educational institution implements financial principles involving fairness, efficiency, transparency, and public accountability in managing its financial resources. The school's funding cycle includes steps such as sourcing funds, planning, supervision, and financial reporting. The use of the ARKAS application helps improve transparency and efficiency, although there are still challenges related to reliance on a stable internet connection. This research provides valuable insights for stakeholders in the world of education, efforts to improve the quality of education in the school environment are important.","doi":"10.58578/arzusin.v4i1.2179","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/832ba8f88ead33ef890e7c3cc9efb7547e13daf5","result_position":6,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":259575707,"title":"Bantuan Operasional Sekolah (BOS): Antara Aturan VS Implementasi di Sekolah Dasar Negeri 1 Padaherang Kecamatan Padaherang Kabupaten Pangandaran","venue":"PADARINGAN (Jurnal Pendidikan Sosiologi Antropologi)","year":2023,"authors":["Diyar Sugiarti"],"abstract":"There are still problems with the use of school operational funds, both in terms of coverage and use. This study aims to identify several problems, namely: How is the implementation, limitations and efforts to provide BOS financing for educational equity in SD Negeri 1 Padaherang in 2022. In this study the technique used was qualitative data analysis techniques using observation, interview and study techniques data. Based on the findings and discussion results regarding the use of School Operational Assistance funds, SDN 1 Padaherang in the implementation of the allocation of BOS funds has achieved success and is running on target in a directed manner. starting with the planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation stages of implementation. BOS funds are used to pay for natural benefits, such as finding library reference works, paying for non-teaching activities, tests and exams. Implementation was constrained by delays in BOS funds at each payment stage and a lack of human resources such as the BOS Treasurer to use ARKAS (School Activity Plan and Budget Application). This causes difficulty in generating usage reports. Efforts to overcome obstacles in managing BOS funds are to first seek recovery funds, meanwhile schools provide technical guidance and ARKAS reporting training through the Cluster KKG group to fill gaps in ARKAS understanding that must be overcome.","doi":"10.20527/pn.v5i02.7683","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/07865ba3672e6bb0d16379213317111fe1584a12","result_position":7,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":255046360,"title":"Digitalization of Education in the Implementation of Kurikulum Merdeka","venue":"KnE Social Sciences","year":2022,"authors":["Mega Novita","Nugroho Dwi Saputro","Alok Singh Chauhan","R. R. Waliyansyah"],"abstract":"The Indonesian Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology (Kemendikbudristek) recently released several educational platforms like Merdeka Belajar, Rapor Pendidikan, Belajar.id, ARKAS, TanyaBOS, SiPLah and Kampus Merdeka to make a leap in educational progress. However, the user percentage is still low, which may be due to various reasons such as limited internet access and reluctance to learn new technology. Discussion on which priority technology platforms are and how they are used to support Kurikulum Merdeka’s implementation has been limited. Therefore, this paper will analyze the primary educational platforms useful for the implementation of Kurikulum Merdeka. We carried out a systematic review of the relevant databases on the digitalization of education in implementing Kurikulum Merdeka. Although the current educational platforms are still being developed, they provide unique features which facilitate students, teachers, administrators, and principals in the learningmanagement process at all levels of education. This work has the potential to become an essential reference that provides guidelines for using the educational platform to improve the number of users. \nKeywords: Kurikulum Merdeka; Merdeka Belajar; software; digital school; application","doi":"10.18502/kss.v7i19.12438","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d7ecebcc13254a4e1f3e843d52ac4549ed368b93","result_position":8,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":245830297,"title":"Implementation of the Affirmation School Operational Cost Policy at SMP Negeri 3 Suluun Tareran, South Minahasa","venue":"Technium Social Sciences Journal","year":2022,"authors":["Noldy Nofri Runtuwene","Marthinus Mandagi","A. R. Dilapanga"],"abstract":"This study describes Affirmation School Operational Costs or Bantuan Operasional Sekolah (BOS) Policy management in South Minahasa District Study at SMP Negeri 3 Suluun Tareran. This study uses qualitative research methods and data collection techniques: Observation, Interview, and Documentation. The primary data source of this research is the Affirmation of School Operational Costs (BOS) Policy in the South Minahasa Regency. In this case, the Policy on Management, Reporting, Responsibility for the Use of Funds and Distribution of Funds by the School BOS Team in South Minahasa Regency Study SMP Negeri 3 Suluun Tareran and Secondary data sources are supporting documents, archives, and literature. The results showed that: Policies in managing, reporting, responsible for the use of funds, and distribution of funds by the School BOS team are still very lacking and are spent by the policies contained in the Minister of Education and Culture Number 24 of 2020 It has not been implemented optimally even though the document data component of the use of funds and expenditures has been fulfilled, but its use in schools is still inadequate and has not been implemented optimally because of the lack of human resources and the internet network of Telkomsel and others has not yet entered the SMP Negeri 3 Suluun school. The results of the study concluded: (1) Affirmation School Operational Cost (BOS) Policy in South Minahasa Regency. In this case, the Policy on Management, Reporting, Responsibility for the Use of Funds and Distribution of Funds by the School BOS Team as an adequate policy in the use of Affirmation BOS funds and must be improved with other supporters such as adequate human resources and can work together with the Regency BOS Team in the process of using Affirmation BOS funds so that their use in schools can be carried out and on target; (2) Administrative Management of the Use of Affirmation BOS Funds is entirely assisted by the Regulation of the Minister of Education and Culture Number 24 of 2020. However, the use of fund expenditures is still inadequate with the condition of the school and the school environment, especially human resources which are the motivation in the teaching and learning process. For this reason, schools must have their policies so that their use can be by the conditions and the school environment.","doi":"10.47577/tssj.v27i1.5546","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f5d171231e387dcaa8a2efb2855089e56e25f6ee","result_position":9,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":261543242,"title":"Effectiveness of Use of Early Childhood Education Operational Assistance Funds in Improving Education for Early Children in Sesayap District, Tana Tidung Regency","venue":"Journal of social research","year":2023,"authors":["Lusiana Dewi Arta","E. A. Muhtar","Sudirah Sudirah"],"abstract":"This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of the early childhood education operational assistance fund in improving early childhood education in Tana Tidung Regency. This research employs a qualitative research method, which is a method used to study natural conditions where the researcher acts as the key instrument. The data generated is descriptive in nature, and data analysis is conducted inductively. The data obtained in this study utilize data collection techniques such as in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation. The effectiveness of the early childhood education operational assistance fund implemented by the Department of Education and Culture in Tana Tidung Regency analyzed through three factors (Goal Attainment, Integration, and Adaptation), is generally underway, but not fully effective. This can be evidenced in terms of goal achievement, where fund distribution is on target and timely, and in terms of procedures and benefits, where it effectively alleviates the burden of education expenses. Concerning the factor of integration, which involves processes of socialization, clarity of information, synchronization of activities, transparency, and accountability in the utilization of the School Operational Assistance fund, there are still weaknesses in terms of synchronization between schools and the department regarding the importance of openness and transparency in school financial management. Regarding the adaptability factor, analyzed through the ability to respond to changes, the availability of infrastructure and the utilization of technology in the School Operational Assistance fund is not yet fully effective. This can be observed in terms of human resources' proficiency in information technology and the inadequacy of infrastructure.","doi":"10.55324/josr.v2i10.1406","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/38ce7bf44326f4b329fda8f2e0d09836b2e5160f","result_position":10,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":235050434,"title":"Analysis of Budget Shifts and Realization of School Finances During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Purworejo Regency in 2020","venue":"","year":2020,"authors":["Rusmiyatun"],"abstract":"This study aims to analyze changes in the school financial budget and their realization after the Covid19 Pandemic in Purworejo Regency. School finances that are measured are the source of BOS funds from the central government and the PDPS funding source from the Purworejo Regency. The sample of this study was 477 elementary schools in Purworejo Regency. 477 samples spread over 16 districts in Purworejo Regency. This research is collaborating with the BOS Team for the Education, Youth and Sports Office of Purworejo Regency to measure compliance with the Budget Amendment regulations in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Education and Culture Number 19 of 2020. This research is a descriptive quantitative research. Researchers also get secondary data from school reports from the BOS Team in Education Office of Purworejo. The results of this study indicate a budget adjustment for handling covid19 in the education unit. The operational PDPS fund is reduced for each student by IDR 20,000. Funds for payment of teachers and honorary staff are reduced for the 3 month allocation, and schools change the source of funds by using the central BOS Fund. Central BOS Fund revenue does not change at IDR 900,000 per student, but its use changes, especially in the 2nd and 3rd quarter of 2020 for spending on goods and services as well as for capital expenditure for covid19 handling activities in education units. The education unit in the realization of spending promotes transparency by posting reports on the use of funds on school display boards and reporting online on the website www.boskemdikbud.go.id. The ownership of special administrative personnel who handle school finances has a significant effect on reporting both offline and online.","doi":"10.2991/AEBMR.K.210311.003","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4eaf9595bbca99b0843949fb6ad0053f2f4ae816","result_position":11,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":157954077,"title":"Accountability in Elementary School","venue":"","year":2016,"authors":["Yahya Sudarya","Elis Mediawati"],"abstract":"Compulsory Nine-Year Basic Education and the provision of greater access to community groups that have been less able to reach educational services, such as the poor, people living in remote areas, or people with disabilities. One reason for the low participation in education, especially on the poor is the high cost of education both direct and indirect costs. BOS learners through basic education level will be freed from the burden of school operational costs. Finance and financing is one of the resources that directly support the effectiveness and efficiency of education management. It requires the school's ability to plan, implement, and evaluate and be accountable for the management of funds are transparent to the public and the government. The research was conducted using qualitative descriptive methods, and implemented in an elementary school in Bandung. Research results show that primary school accountability is low. Keywords— BOS funds, Accountability, Elementary School","doi":"10.2991/GCBME-16.2016.116","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/adc75588b9c2c36af9e63316c518f51d6811c275","result_position":12,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":266073426,"title":"EVALUATION OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEMS ON BUDGETING, USE AND REPORTING OF FUNDS REGULAR SCHOOL OPERATIONAL AID (BOS). (CASE STUDY IN SMA NEGERI 4 KOTA SERANG BUDGET YEAR 2020)","venue":"Review of Accounting and Taxation","year":2023,"authors":["D. Aditya","Dini Khoirunnisa","M. Ramadhan"],"abstract":"\n\n\n\nPurpose - This study aims to analyze and determine the application of Accounting Information Systems in the field of Budgeting, Use and Reporting of Regular School Operational Assistance (BOS) Funds at SMA Negeri 4 Kota Serang.\n\n\n\n\nDesign/methodology/approach - The research was conducted at SMA Negeri 4 Kota Serang. This study uses a qualitative approach. Qualitative Approach Method is a research method based on the philosophy of post positivism used to examine the condition of natural objects, where the researcher is the key instrument.\n\n\n\n\nFinding - The Accounting Information System related to the BOS Fund has actually existed since 2019 and was socialized in early 2020. This application created by the Ministry of Education and Culture has been able to accommodate all financial activities from the Regular School Operational Assistance Fund but in its implementation there are many components of incomplete item names, making it difficult for users to operate. A good system is a system that is made to make it easier for users to operate, understandable and structured.\n\n\n\n\nOriginality - The budget will be able to run effectively based on the time of planning before budgeting, good and careful planning will ensure that the budget implementation function can run effectively and efficiently as expected\n\n\n\n","doi":"10.61659/reaction.v2i2.160","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2600fdf21e636bfb15a7a99f517c66a0acf8ad12","result_position":13,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":256148411,"title":"The Implementation of School Financial Management System in Managing the BOS Fund","venue":"Al-Idarah : Jurnal Kependidikan Islam","year":2022,"authors":["Sedya Santosa","Andi Mihrajuddin","Erni Munastiwi"],"abstract":"School financial management should be managed properly. With clear and transparent financial management, it will affect operational systems and mechanisms to meet the various elementary needs of the school. Financial management also plays a determinant role for the success of education. Thus, financial management needs to be implemented by educational institutions, so that the use of school funds can be more effective and efficient and the budget misuse is able to be minimized appropriately. This study aims to find out how the education financial management system is implemented in managing BOS funds. In this study, the authors used a qualitative approach with the type of field research conducted at SMAN 17 Bombana, Southeast Sulawesi Province. The data from this study were obtained from observations, interviews and documentations. As reseach participants, this study involved the head of school, treasurer of school, committee chairs, student guardians, educators and education staffs. Then, data were analyzed and conclusions were drawn. Therefore, this study shows that the implementation of the education financial management system in managing BOS funds at SMAN 17 Bombana, Southeast Sulawesi Province has been implemented very well. This is evidenced by the steps carried out, including financial planning by holding meetings first, then financial implementation which is divided into three parts, namely acceptance, distribution and management. Another indicator is the evaluation system which is divided into two parts, consisting of the school's internal side and the education office's external side.Keywords: implementation, Financial Management, BOS Management Fund","doi":"10.24042/alidarah.v12i2.10905","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0b262cad4510ed6b17affede9a6c596c5592da0f","result_position":14,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":213588019,"title":"Modelling of spatial lag of X regression in the School Operational Aid","venue":"Journal of Physics: Conference Series","year":2020,"authors":["R. Wasono","A. Karim","M. Y. Darsyah","D. Ismunarti","Suwardi"],"abstract":"The issue of the allocation and distribution of the School Operational Aid (BOS) in Central Java Province is a complex problem since each region has different characteristics. The distribution formulation requires a spatial model as the neighbouring regions have dependencies. The variables in this research were BOS value, supervision/building cost, management cost, Human Development Index (HDI) analysed using the Spatial Lag of X (SLX) model with the weighting of Rock Contiguity. It is concluded that all variables have a spatial dependency with the BOS variable influenced by the variables of building and management costs significantly.","doi":"10.1088/1742-6596/1446/1/012056","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6050757da3832e55f73c499bb99886df03bf98ca","result_position":15,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":270605875,"title":"Implementation Of The School Budget And Activity Plan (ARKAS) Application Policy In Realizing Good Governance In Junior High Schools","venue":"Jurnal Ekonomi Teknologi dan Bisnis (JETBIS)","year":2024,"authors":["Ismatuzzaeni Ismatuzzaeni","Ilham Wahyudin","Siti Khumayah","Sri Wulandari"],"abstract":"This study aims to analyze the Implementation of the School Activity Plan and Budget (ARKAS) Application policy in Realizing Good Governance in Junior High Schools, this research uses qualitative research with the type of case study research (Field Research). The data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis uses triangulation techniques, namely by displaying data, reducing data, and finally drawing conclusions. This research examines the ARKAS application technology used in realizing good governance in the field of BOS fund management. The implementation of the ARKAS policy reflects the concept of e-government by providing easier access to information on activity plans and budget allocations, enabling active participation in the decision-making process. The results of this study reveal that technology can be used optimally to achieve a goal. Through ARKAS, information related to activity plans and budget allocations can be accessed more easily by various stakeholders, which contributes to increased participation, and public trust and still refers to the applicable legal rules. The increased transparency and accountability achieved through ARKAS policy implementation has important implications, obstacles, and efforts in the context of financial management in educational institutions.","doi":"10.57185/jetbis.v3i5.110","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8c0c8d736bb1aead5bf41057528799788c8b3f1b","result_position":16,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":218961540,"title":"Effect of Public Elementary School Financial Challenges on Student Achievement","venue":"","year":2020,"authors":["Sujatmiko Wibowo","R. Rukayah"],"abstract":"The quality of education is often seen from the achievements of students. Meanwhile, student achievement in school is influenced by many factors. The financing factor is one factor that cannot be separated from the teaching and learning process. The relationship between educational funding and student achievement is still being debated. This study aims to reveal the relationship between the number of funding resources in schools and student achievement. This research used qualitative methods. Data collection was carried out using interviews, observation, and documentation techniques. The collected data were analyzed using interactive model analysis and purposive sampling techniques. The results of this study indicate that public elementary schools have limited sources of funding. The amount of money managed by one school differs depending on the number of students and the ability of parents. This study finds that education funding has no direct effect on student achievement. Schools that have significant financial resources do not necessarily have high achievements. The effectiveness of schools in managing their finances also becomes essential. Besides, the role of policymakers, the ability of teachers, and the participation of parents are crucial to increase the education quality.","doi":"10.17977/UM048V25I1P6-15","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d0f23d142eeff14e4f7d8c84c6f391aa0d092574","result_position":17,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":250062118,"title":"The Effectiveness Of School Operational Assistance Program Implementation In Improving Teacher Performance And Education Quality In Elementary Schools","venue":"Jurnal Pendidikan Terbuka Dan Jarak Jauh","year":2022,"authors":["T. Susanto","S. Suhartono"],"abstract":"School Operational Assistance (BOS) is an Indonesian government program that aims to provide funding for operational costs for basic educations as a part of compulsory education programs. The research was conducted to analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of the BOS program in improving teaching performance and education quality. This study used a qualitative descriptive approach by using informants, including school principals, school treasurers, teachers, and school committees. Informants were selected by using purposive sampling technique and carried out to obtain data and produced an analysis of the field phenomena regarding the BOS program using the GOEM (Goal Oriented Evaluation Model) evaluation model. Indicator instruments include the preparation, structure, distribution, use, monitoring, reporting. The results showed that: (1) In general, the effectiveness of the implementation of the BOS program in the Kedu sub-district was appropriate in accordance with the BOS technical guidelines. (2) The effectiveness of the current use of the BOS fund program was less effective in improving teaching performance in pedagogic competence because BOS funds were not well targeted. In conclusion, innovative strategy is needed to improve learning programs as a the main targets.","doi":"10.33830/ptjj.v23i1.3228.2022","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b41d25d410dfe50322e200e99caab1de1afaab27","result_position":18,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":259840474,"title":"IMPLEMENTATION OF FINANCING MANAGEMENT AND INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF LEARNING","venue":"Improvement: Jurnal Ilmiah Untuk Peningkatan Mutu Manajemen Pendidikan","year":2023,"authors":["Jurnal Ilmiah","Untuk Peningkatan","Mutu Penddikan","Ratna Indrasari","Pembiayaan Implementasi Manajemen","Sarana Prasarana","Kualitas Pembelajaran"],"abstract":"This study aims to describe the implementation of financing management and infrastructure to improve the quality of learning at SMA Negeri 1 Kramatwatu, Serang Regency. The method used in this research is qualitative. The results of the study show that the implementation of financing management and infrastructure is an integral part in efforts to improve the quality of learning. Implementation of management of financing and infrastructure in SMA Negeri 1 Kramatwatu has gone through managerial stages, namely planning, implementation and supervision (auditing and accountability). Budget execution activities include recording income and expenses in the ARKAS system and preparing accountability reports in the form of notes, receipts, and activity documentation. The implementation phase of the implementation of infrastructure includes the procurement and arrangement of school facilities. The supervision stage for the implementation of financing management and infrastructure is carried out by internal schools and external parties which includes monitoring activities evaluating the acquisition of assets and consumables with BOS funding sources, BOS realization reports and cash opname.","doi":"10.21009/improvement.v10i1.35684","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/375f646dc6f31d418945d0a72a2cda0b8682abd7","result_position":19,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":236283551,"title":"LOW IMPLEMENTATION OF “BOS” FUNDS FOR JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS IN PADANG CITY, INDONESIA","venue":"European Journal of Education Studies","year":2021,"authors":["M. Yusmaridi","Vevi Sunarti","R. Rusdinal","N. Gistituati","Dewi Juita"],"abstract":"The rationale of conducting this research came from observations carried out in Junior High Schools in Padang City regarding the large amounts of BOS (School Operational Assistance Fund Program) funds being returned to the government from schools. This phenomenon indicates that the government has not reached the targeted execution rates of BOS funds given to schools. The research method used to analyze the factors causing the low absorption of BOS funds was a descriptive method with a quantitative approach through percentage equations. According to the BOS budgets, the results obtained were 43.9% of schools involved teachers, education personnel, and school committees in planning activities. 43.7% of schools were able to account for the financial reports of BOS funds, while 51.8% of schools were wrong in understanding the regulations. In managing BOS funds, 59.9% of schools had competent human resources, actively participated in Bimtek activities, and had integrity. Only 29.3% of schools carried out administrative activities according to regulations. Article visualizations:","doi":"10.46827/EJES.V8I6.3795","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9a36a356979a41dd1405917caf9df63d50c9f54d","result_position":20,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":266828469,"title":"Pengelolaan Pembiayaan Pendidikan pada Jenjang Pendidikan Dasar (Studi Deskriptif Penggunaan Dana BOS Sekolah)","venue":"Journal of education","year":2024,"authors":["Revan Dwi Erlangga","S. Suryadi","Fitroh Hayati"],"abstract":"Bantuan Oprasional Sekolah (BOS) are one of the school's financial sources for carrying out educational activities at school. Schools are obliged to plan the allocation of funds carefully and calculatingly, as well as monitor the use of funds for operational and capital costs, as well as provide administrative and physical (material) evidence of how funds are used. However, unfortunately there are still many schools that are still indifferent to managing school finances, especially BOS funds. For this reason, this research aims to determine the management of education financing, in this case BOS funds, as a guide for other institutions in managing BOS funding in accordance with established regulations. The method used in this research uses a qualitative descriptive method with data collection using observation, interview and documentation techniques. The results of this research are: a) planning a budget by identifying goals, determining priorities, describing goals into measurable operational performance, analyzing alternatives for achieving goals with cost-effectiveness analysis, making recommendations for alternative approaches to achieving targets. b) budget realization by making real expenditures according to needs and physical evidence. c) carry out budget supervision and control, supervision carried out by certain parties within the school whose official function is to carry out supervision such as the principal and treasurer of the BOS, as well as the education office and the BPK as external supervisors of BOS finances in the school.","doi":"10.31004/joe.v6i2.4886","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/02b7be5384b683a5a8bb4c3f0430ca781b02a656","result_position":21,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":258432082,"title":"EFEKTIVITAS PENGELOLAAN DANA BANTUAN OPERASIONAL SEKOLAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN SARANA DAN PRSARANA PENDIDIKAN SMP SWASTA HKBP SIBOLGA","venue":"Jurnal ekonomi, bisnis dan manajemen","year":2023,"authors":["Vitra Linda Mawaty Pasaribu","Yacub Hutabarat","Tiurlina Hasmawati Sihite"],"abstract":"This study aims to find out the opinions of teachers and administrative staff regarding the management of BOS funds at the HKBP Sibolga Private Middle School in terms of the procedures for managing, using, and targeting BOS funds. \nThis research is quantitative descriptive. The subjects of this study were all teachers and administration staff of the HKBP Sibolga Private Middle School for the 2020/2021 academic year, a total of 20 people. Data collection techniques used questionnaires and documentation to obtain data regarding the management of BOS funds related to the procedures for managing, using, and targeting BOS funds. The analysis technique uses cross tabulation and crosstab methods. \nThe results showed that 90% of respondents (18 teachers and 2 administrative staff) stated that the procedures for managing BOS funds at HKBP Private Middle Schools complied with the 2021 BOS technical guidelines and only 10% of respondents (1 teacher and 2 administrators) stated it is not in accordance with. Regarding the use of BOS funds at HKBP Sibolga Private Middle School, 88.5% of teacher respondents (15 people and 1 uhsah administrative staff) stated that it was appropriate and only 11.5% (1 teacher) stated that it was not on target. So, it can be concluded that the majority of respondents are of the opinion that the management of BOS funds at the HKBP Sibolga Private Middle School for the 2021/2022 school year from the procedures for managing, using, and targeting BOS funds is in accordance with the technical guidelines for using BOS funds in 2022","doi":"10.59024/jise.v1i2.138","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7a6e4b9e399bfeed95fb583b957a7247d343c2f1","result_position":22,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":256582822,"title":"The Influence of Recruitment, Competence and Supervision on the Performance of School Operational Assistance Fund Managers","venue":"International Journal of Managerial Studies and Research","year":2022,"authors":["Ariyono Orab","Alam Anshary","Anis Susanti"],"abstract":". Abstract: Public services in the education sector are still unfinished homework in the Banggai Islands District. Various problems indicate the low competence of human resources owned by BOS fund managers. Changes and improvements to HR competencies are one of the focus points for bureaucratic reform that must be carried out by BOS fund managers, both at the regional and school levels. This study aimed to analyze how much influence HR recruitment and competence had on BOS fund management performance and how big HR recruitment and competence influenced BOS fund management performance moderated by supervision at the Education and Culture Office of the Banggai Islands Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. The research methodology used in this research is quantitative, with a total of 61 respondents. The data analysis method used in this study is SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) with the PLS (Partial Least Square) approach. The results showed a significant direct effect between recruitment and HR competency variables on BOS fund management performance and a significant indirect effect between recruitment and HR competency variables on BOS fund management performance moderated by supervision at the Education and Culture Office of the Banggai Islands Regency. Central Sulawesi Province. The supervision variable as a moderating variable can directly increase the influence between recruitment and competency variables on performance variables.","doi":"10.20431/2349-0349.1012001","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/75317aeb0ea25b333d7a2030e58c09eb48ad30a6","result_position":23,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":244645481,"title":"The Implementation of The Policy on School Operational Assistance (BOS) at Junior High Schools in Indragiri Hilir Riau Indonesia","venue":"JIAPI: Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Dan Pemerintahan Indonesia","year":2021,"authors":["Yesrahmatulah Yesrahmatulah","I. Mujtahid","Sofjan Arifin"],"abstract":"BOS policy is one of the public policies made by the government aiming at improving the quality of human resources as the indicator of the progress of a nation's development. This study aimed at analyzing and describing BOS policy, the implementation of BOS funds, and the supporting factors and inhibiting factors in implementing BOS policy at Junior High Schools in the Tembilahan sub-district. This study design was qualitative using a descriptive method. The data and information were collected through an observation technique, interview, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted using classification steps, analysis, and data interpretation until the conclusion was drawn. The result showed that the BOS policy was an appropriate and effective public policy for people in general and, particularly, for the school, teaching staff, and the students. Regarding the implementation of the BOS policy at Public Junior High Schools in the Tembilahan sub-district, it was good and met the BOS technical guideline. However, it still had an obstacle that several school activities could not be accommodated using BOS funds. The supporting factors of the BOS policy implementation at Public Junior High Schools in the Tembilahan sub-district were good communication between several relevant parties and the availability of competent human resources. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factors were financial resources and the characteristics of the policy were too rigid in the use in every school.","doi":"10.33830/jiapi.v2i1.63","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c3dd673c8ff1345cf449ef6c9670f0627854fc1e","result_position":24,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":257210173,"title":"School Operational Assistance Fund Management, Human Resources Competence and Governance, is it Still a Problem?","venue":"International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research","year":2023,"authors":["Endi Junaedi","Lin Oktris","Deden Tarmidi","H. Setiyawati"],"abstract":"Submission of financial reports on time is often a problem, one of which is the case with the Department of Education, Youth and Sports. This quantitative study aims to obtain information on the moderating effect of organizational commitment on the competence of human resources managing School Operational Assistance (BOS) funds and governance in accountability for the use of their budget. Drawing a sample of 351 from all managers of BOS funds in public elementary and junior high schools. Data collection uses a questionnaire, with a quota sampling technique, data processing uses SmartPLS. The results of this study inform that human resource competence and governance affect the quality of financial reports, but organizational commitment is not able to strengthen its influence. Procurement of appropriate training, optimization of existing systems, verification of Activity Plans and School Budgets, reconciliation of budget implementation. For further research, it is better to collect data directly to the educational unit, so that all respondents' statements are in accordance with the facts.","doi":"10.36948/ijfmr.2023.v05i01.1675","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0377a68c7b08f1e70e16b919cb58a9d59fc72e15","result_position":25,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":248765062,"title":"THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SCHOOL OPERATIONAL ASSISTANCE AT THE BORDER","venue":"JURNAL SOSIAL HUMANIORA","year":2022,"authors":["Antonia Sasap Abao","Zakiah Hasan Gaffar"],"abstract":"The government has made various efforts to increase school participation rates such as through the provision of School Operational Assistance (BOS) which has been operating since 2005. However, in 2019 it was noted that many of the population of Suruh Tembawang Village were illiterate and did not graduate from Elementary School. Therefore, this study was conducted to describe the implementation of the BOS in two schools in Suruh Tembawang Village. This research used the descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The results showed that part of the BOS funds in the schools of Suruh Tembawang have been used in accordance with the provisions stipulated in Permendikbud Number 1 of 2018. However, expenditure of the BOS funds on infrastructure and maintenance had not been properly observed. In terms of teaching staff and administrations, many teachers, including the school principals were often unavailable on site. The community members interviewed expressed their disappointment in the implementation of the BOS funds, particularly on how the school administration used the funds for the operation of the schools. This was the result of a lack of community engagement, a lack of supervision, and a lack of transparency. In order to maximize the use of BOS funds in both schools, the schools must involve the school committee and its members, village officials, parents of students in planning, budgeting, and managing the BOS funds.","doi":"10.30997/jsh.v13i1.4251","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0bb08df363d323d2f51915d62d70eb691c83f61c","result_position":26,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":259473848,"title":"The Influence of Accountability, Participation, and Transparency of Boss Funds on the Financial Performance of Public Elementary Schools in Palembang City","venue":"JMKSP (Jurnal Manajemen Kepemimpinan dan Supervisi Pendidikan)","year":2023,"authors":["Dela Septiani Putri","Yulia Saftiana","Sa’adah Siddik","Kushendar Kushendar"],"abstract":"This study examines and analyzes the effect of accountability, participation, and transparency of boss funds on the financial performance of public elementary schools in Palembang City. The data used are primary data with a population of all public elementary school financial treasurers in the city of Palembang, as many as 251 people; the sampling method uses probability sampling with the sampling technique, namely simple random sampling, so the study uses 72 people as the research sample. The analysis technique used is quantitative with an analytical tool, namely multiple linear regression. The results showed that accountability and transparency of boss funds had a positive and significant effect on the financial performance of elementary schools. In contrast, participation had a negative and insignificant effect on the financial performance of elementary schools.","doi":"10.31851/jmksp.v8i1.11810","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/404579d92f29301912411f00da7e6efd1a78c7b8","result_position":27,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":259757203,"title":"Management of School Operational Assistance in Increasing the Quality of Education","venue":"EDUTEC : Journal of Education And Technology","year":2023,"authors":["Abdul Tahim","Candra Wijaya","Yusuf Hadijaya"],"abstract":"School Operational Assistance (BOS) is an implementation of Law Number 20 of 2003 article 34 paragraph 2 that the central and regional governments guarantee the implementation of compulsory education without charging a fee. BOS management in madrasas needs to be carried out to support the provision of facilities and infrastructure in order to streamline teaching and learning activities and improve student learning achievement BOS management at MAS Sinar Islami Bingai Langkat Regency consists of budget planning, fund management, fund utilization, and supervision. As for some of the principles implemented by MAS Sinar Islami Bingai Langkat Regency, they include: 1) transparency (openness in managing activities), 2) accountability (the use of funds can be accounted for), 3) effectiveness (arranging finances to finance activities so that they are in accordance with planning), 4) efficiency (use of time, effort and cost with a minimum budget to get satisfactory results). This study used a descriptive qualitative method where researchers immediately went into the field to collect data objectively and naturally. The techniques for collecting data in this study used observation techniques, interviews and documentation studies. The results of the research conducted at MAS Sinar Islami Bingai, Langkat Regency, are that several parties in the madrasah have prepared a funding management plan, the management of funds is in accordance with the plan that has been discussed so that it is right on target and can improve teacher welfare and improve student achievement, the use of BOS funds is in accordance with existing technical guidelines as well as implementing a trustworthy attitude, supervising the management of funds consisting of internal madrasah parties and external parties.","doi":"10.29062/edu.v6i4.545","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8b99cdb5f983c4f837a9c6dc513bd8de2fdf1051","result_position":28,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":133043341,"title":"PENGELOLAAN DANA BOS PADA SD NEGERI DI UPT PELAYANAN PENDIDIKAN KECAMATAN MOYUDAN KABUPATEN SLEMAN","venue":"","year":2016,"authors":["Irene Muryati"],"abstract":"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) perencanaan, (2) pelaksanaan, (3) pengawasan dan evaluasi pengelolaan, serta (4) pelaporan dana Bantuan Operasional Sekolah (BOS) pada Sekolah Dasar Negeri dengan jumlah siswa sedikit dan jumlah siswa banyak di wilayah UPT Pelayanan Pendidikan Kecamatan Moyudan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah studi kasus. Responden penelitian ini yaitu kepala sekolah, bendahara, guru, komite sekolah, dan orang tua siswa. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, observasi dan studi dokumen. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) perencanaan pengelolaan dana BOS diprioritaskan untuk peningkatan mutu, namun partisipasi warga sekolah kurang optimal. (2) Pada pelaksanaan: (a) penyaluran dana dilaksanakan di awal triwulan, (b) proses pembukuan dilaksanakan secara rutin, dan (c) prinsip akuntabilitas dan keterbukaan telah dilaksanakan dengan baik. (3) pengawasan dilakukankan oleh kepala sekolah dan pengawas sekolah dengan memeriksa SPJ BOS; evaluasi dilakukan dengan mengisi angket pelaksanaan sekali dalam setahun oleh TIM Manajemen BOS Kabupaten. (4) Pelaporan penggunaan dana BOS dalam bentuk SPJ dilaksanakan setiap triwulan kepada Tim Manajemen BOS Kabupaten melalui UPT Pelayanan Pendidikan. Kata kunci: Pengelolaan, Dana Bantuan Operasional Sekolah. BOS FUNDS MANAGEMENT ON STATE ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS IN THE DISTRICT MOYUDAN EDUCATION SERVICES UNIT SLEMAN REGENCY Abstract This study aims to reveal: (1) the planning, (2) implementation, (3) monitoring and evaluation, and (4) reporting of the management of School Operational Fund (BOS) on public elementary schools whcihhas small and a big number of students in the District Moyudan Education. Respondents were the principals, treasurers, teachers, school committees, and parents of students. Data collection techniques were interviews, observation and document study The results of this study indicate that: (1) the fund was prioritized for student activities to improve the quality of education but community participation were limited. (2) The implementation which includes: (a) the distribution of funds is done in the beginning of the quarter, (b) accounting process is carried out on a regular basis, and (c) the principles of accountability and transparency has been implemented properly. (3) monitoring is conducted by the principal and school superintendent; evaluation of the implementation is done by filling the questionnaire once a year by the District Management BOS Team. (4) reporting is done every three months to the BOS Management Team. Keywords: Management, School Operational Fund","doi":"10.21831/AMP.V4I2.10802","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/054179ee32189b20fef58369d61b29daf883236f","result_position":29,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":211784695,"title":"IMPLEMENTASI PENGGUNAAN DANA BANTUAN OPERASIONAL SEKOLAH(BOS) UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN GURU DAN FASILITAS SEKOLAH DI SMP KOTA SEMARANG","venue":"","year":2019,"authors":["Refgi Septian","Margaretha Suryaningsih"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.14710/JPPMR.V8I4.24786","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5d2e899f9c86557aa312ecddb362d69331b68816","result_position":30,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":116592031,"title":"THE POLICY IMPLEMENTATION OF UTILIZATION OPERATIONAL AID TO SCHOOL PROGRAM FUND (BOS) IN INDONESIA","venue":"Educational Administration Research and Review","year":2019,"authors":["D. Supriyadi"],"abstract":"The research on the implementation of Operational Aid to School Program (In Indonesian language is abbreviated as BOS) usage policy in Indonesia is aimed to know the description related to the central government program to provide funding for non personnel operating expenses for primary and secondary education units. The method used in this research is qualitative, data collection technique using Focus Group Discussion, interview, observation and documentation. Informants are drawn from the element of the school, the elements of the school committee, the element of the School Board, the element of the Education Office. Submission of Operational Aid to School Program has been right target, component designation and the mechanism is clear although still found the lack of accuracy in its use, because it is still possible because there are still not really understand it. It is certainly necessary to improve the quality and quantity side of socialization. In addition, controls and consents are still underway to improve their effectiveness. It is also realized that the use of Operational Aid to School Program has an impact on the quality of education. At the moment the negative impacts appear to be as soon as possible to find the right solution and keep in mind the tips/strategies to handle it.","doi":"10.17509/EARR.V1I1.21409","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/272640b88b80a8e5bdb954ba95c53cfdb00dcedf","result_position":31,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":212454656,"title":"Implementation of Operational Assistance Policy in Madrasah (Case Study of the Implementation School Operational Assistance Policy Management in Improving Madrasah Quality in East Java)","venue":"Journal of Resources Development and Management","year":2019,"authors":["D. Sukmawati","Julianti Pontoh","Ventje Ilat","Hendrik Manossoh"],"abstract":"This study aims to describe and analyze the implementation of the School Operational Assistance policy, find out the supporting and inhibiting factors for implementing School Operational Assistance policies in madrasas, and find a model of implementing management policies in improving the quality of madrasas in the Regional Office of the Ministry of Religion of East Java.This type of research is descriptive qualitative. Researchers describe, analyze and interpret policies to improve the quality of madrasa education. The subjects of this study are; (1) Regional Office of Ministry of Religion of East Java, (2) Head of Madrasah Education Head of Regional Office of Ministry of Religion of East Java, (3) Head of Madrasah Education Section of Sidoarjo Regency, and (4) Head of Madrasah recipient of School Operational Assistance. Data collection using in-depth interviews and observation methods. The data analysis technique used in this study was inductive using phenomenological procedures.The results of this study indicate, the implementation of the School Operational Assistance policy in madrasas is carried out to improve access, quality, equity and quality of madrasa education. The existence of the program received support and positive responses from the madrasa management. Factors supporting the implementation of the policy are guidelines and technical guidelines, preparation of Madrasah Work Plans (RKM), assistance to madrassas, and higher public awareness. Community awareness factor in becoming the main supporting factor in implementation. The madrasah education quality development model is carried out with a variety of programs and activities whose budgets are taken from the School Operational Assistance funds. Many madrasa managers utilize School Operational Assistance funds to improve the quality and quality of education by strengthening the competence of teaching staff, improving facilities and infrastructure, strengthening graduation standards, and increasing the availability of reference access, whether in the form of books, magazines, scientific journals, and other sources learning can be used.","doi":"10.7176/jrdm/61-06","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ee0e7aea91962e83dfa89fd449abf5788e4d1e75","result_position":32,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":168763647,"title":"Analisa Perancangan Ulang (Redesain) Model Operasionalisasi Program Bantuan Operasional Sekolah Dalam Meningkatkan Efektivitas Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan dan Memenuhi Harapan Masyarakat","venue":"","year":2014,"authors":["Hesti Maheswari","Luna Haningsih"],"abstract":"This study aims to establish a model operationalization BOS program, through the analysis of Quality Function Deployment. This study was based on the presence of a variety of complaints that come from the communities to the BOS program that they can not benefit from the one hand, and the other side the Government felt that the implementation of BOS has reached three rights are the right time, the right amount, and on target. Public dissatisfaction conditions to the program evidenced by the high dropout rates.The extent to which the BOS program helps students in education funding, in turn raises a big question mark because of government policies and rhetoric seem apparent.Because it was the children of farmers, laborers, street vendors, low class servants, janitors still do not get the ease and lightness in education.Free school which echoed the Government would make society under increasingly sad to hear that. \nThe first results of this study is the expectationof the people to the BOS program, namely:most of BOS funds can be used to offset the cost of student transportation, schools have adequate science laboratories and maximum usage, quality textbooks provided by the school, BOS program can ease the burden of school, students can discuss with the teacher outside of school hours, andSchool Committee oversees use of the funds. From this analysis known gap formed between community expectations with the level of BOS concept is still very high, both western and central regions Indonesia.Researchers feel that there is no proper policy of the Government to secure the nation's ideals in improving quality through Learning Program 9 years.Therefore, we need strategies to be more comprehensive to narrow the gap between idealism with the realities on the ground, so that education becomes more obvious problems 'roots' and more 'effective and efficient' ways to overcome. Redesigns recommended are monitoring and evaluation, increase teacher motivation, integrated management system, operational guidelines for use of the funds, supervision attached, and additional facilities. To accomplish these results it is necessary to continue the research terms, that is for two eastern Indonesia: Maluku and Papua. \nKeywords: recommendation of operationalization model BOS program, quality function deployment","doi":"10.31843/jmbi.v2i1.38","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b8059a7f555b5b6056a04bbb88ea7b877a287532","result_position":33,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":233897213,"title":"THE PRINCIPALS’ EFFORTS IN FACILITATING THE FREEDOM TO LEARN BY ENHANCING COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN INDONESIA","venue":"","year":2021,"authors":["Maisyaroh Maisyaroh","Juharyanto Juharyanto","Ibrahim Bafadal","B. Wiyono","Nova Syafira Ariyanti","Maulana Amirul Adha","M. I. Qureshi"],"abstract":"The latest ‘freedom to learn’ policy, issued by the Minister of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia, must be implemented by educational institutions at various levels. The principals played significant roles such as community empowerment to utilize all resources in the schools to support the policy. The research aimed to describe the principals’ efforts in improving community participation in the school and to describe the social involvement in facilitating the freedom to learn at schools. This study employed a qualitative approach with a multi-case research design, and it was conducted in Indonesia, particularly in Tana Tidung Regency in North Kalimantan, Bondowoso Regency in East Java, and Malang City in East Java. The data collection techniques included in-depth interviews and document studies, and to validate the data used a credibility technique. The data validation through the credibility technique was carried out by conducting triangulation, checking members, and improving the persistence and adequacy of reference materials. The cross-case data analysis in this study applied a constant comparative method. The analysis was conducted in all three cases resulted in the provisional findings, continued by data comparison that would later be found by the three cases. The results of this research were the principals’ efforts in enhancing community participation through cooperation with several related parties. The principals were regarded as role models in supporting the ‘freedom to learn’ policy and building cooperation with related partners. The kind of community participation varied based on the uniqueness of each region.","doi":"10.21831/CP.V40I1.36119","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b682a7f7d95a5065a6c100a1dc7aa7934abb6688","result_position":34,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":268399165,"title":"Implementation of Asset Management Policy in Tana Tidung Regency","venue":"Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi Publik","year":2023,"authors":["Fitrianah Fitrianah","T. M. Wardiny","E. A. Muhtar"],"abstract":"This research aims to analyze and describe the implementation of regional asset management policies in the Tana Tidung Regency as well as the factors inhibiting the implementation of regional asset management policies. The policy implementation theory used by Van Meter van Horn consists of policy standards and targets; resources, communication between organizations, characteristics of implementing agents; social, economic, and political conditions, and the attitude of implementing agents. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach. Data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation. The informants in this research were the Head of the BPKAD Agency, the BPKAD Secretary, the Head of Asset Management, the Regional Property Management Staff, and the Deputy Chair of the Tana Tidung Regency DPRD. The results of the research regarding the implementation of regional asset management policies in Tana Tidung Regency, namely 1) Policy standards and targets, namely BKPAD Tana Tidung Regency carries out management in accordance with regional asset management principles and procedures starting from planning to coaching, supervision and control; 2) Resources, namely the management of regional assets in Tana Tidung Regency are quite adequate, such as budget and facilities and infrastructure, although the availability of human resources is still relatively low because in terms of quantity BPKAD only has 49 human resources while the workload is more Lots; 3) Communication between organizations, namely BPKAD Tana Tidung Regency, is carried out through meetings and coordination between OPDs of Tana Tidung Regency regularly and consistently; 4) Characteristics of the implementing agent, namely in the implementation of regional asset management in BPKAD, namely the capacity of BPKAD and the autonomy possessed by BPKAD as an official or institution that has authority in managing regional property; 5) Social conditions, namely the economy and politics, are running effectively, this is because there are interest groups providing support for policy implementation; 6) The attitude of the executors (deposition), namely as agents managing regional property, is demonstrated through BPKAD's responsibility in managing regional property, carrying out control and supervision of assets through users by monitoring and controlling use, utilization, transfer, administration, maintenance and security. regional property under its control","doi":"10.26858/jiap.v13i2.52321","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/68a62b777a6fd960252df3d879fba91516fd67c4","result_position":35,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":229624350,"title":"Implementation of Principal Instructional Leadership in Facilitating Learning Independency Policy on 4.0 Industrial Era Orientation in Indonesia","venue":"","year":2020,"authors":["Maisyaroh","Juharyanto","Ibrahim Bafadal","B. Wiyono","M. A. Adha","Bagus Rachmad Saputra","Nova Syafira Ariyanti"],"abstract":"Lately, the issue of learning independence, as sparked by the Minister of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia, reaps the pros and cons, both of which develop massif. The presence of a headmaster who serves effectively is a critical and organic factor in facilitating the learning independency of 4.0 industry oriented. The purpose of this research is to know: (1) the concept of independent learning according to the excellent schools with the predicate of different status, especially in the context of the industrial era 4.0; (2) the managerial and leadership roles played by the principal in facilitating the independence of industry-based learning 4.0; and (3) the application of managerial roles and leadership of the principal in facilitating the independence of industrybased learning 4.0. As a result of this research, the principal understands the concept of learning independency policy by effectively applying for leader and manager roles. In implementing the learning independency policy, the principal plays a balanced role as a learning manager and leader. The principal is always adaptive to changing times as challenges and opportunities in improving the quality of learning. The principal also applies a remote leadership model by utilizing the sophistication of technology so that the principal can still provide direction and control teacher performance in any place at any time.","doi":"10.2991/assehr.k.201112.037","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ce915e5795ca7ffdf58ac2773248d865aca05207","result_position":36,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":267133523,"title":"Strategy For The Development of Leading Agriculture Commodities","venue":"AGRIBUSINESS JOURNAL","year":2023,"authors":["Khaerunnisa","Muhammad Wahyu Agang","Banyuriatiga","Zulhafandi","R. Fitriani","A. Wulandary"],"abstract":"The agribusiness potential in the Tana Tidung Regency area has not been managed and utilized optimally. The results obtained are still relatively small and have not been able to empower the community's economy because existing commodities have not been developed into superior commodities. As a result, cross-border or regional trade opportunities have not made a meaningful contribution to society and the region. One alternative in developing the region is to carry out a strategy to develop superior agribusiness commodities so that the region can be developed into a growth centre for the surrounding area. The objectives of carrying out this research are (1) to find out the basic and main agricultural sectors. knowing superior agribusiness commodities, (2) to identify the factors that determine the success of developing superior agribusiness commodities, and (3) to provide recommendations for strategies for developing superior agribusiness commodities in Tana Tidung Regency. The research results show that the leading commodities in supporting regional development in Tana Tidung Regency based on LQ and B/C ratio values > 1 and farmers' preferences are spinach (LQ=8.06), mustard greens (LQ=2.15), kangkong (LQ= 2.18), and cayenne pepper (LQ=1.84). Strategies that can be implemented to develop superior commodities in Tana Tidung Regency are 1) Increasing cooperation/partnerships between farming institutions and the private sector or government, 2) Increasing the supporting capacity of infrastructure, facilities and infrastructure, 3) Optimizing capital assistance from the government as a stimulant for innovation in processing, marketing and socialization of production results, 4) Providing information data to support marketing requests.","doi":"10.31327/aj.v6i2.2096","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d0c295e4287b3193262f9ffbf3ed0727226c137b","result_position":37,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":254714098,"title":"Implementasi Aplikasi RKAS Dalam Pengelolaan Bantuan Operasional Sekolah (Studi kasus SDN 2 Bantengan dan SDS Muhammadyah Program Plus Tulungagung)","venue":"Otonomi","year":2022,"authors":["Gatot Suwarno","M. N. Musafik"],"abstract":"Dalam mewujudkan program penuntasan Wajib Belajar Pendidikan Dasar 9 tahun yang bermutu, Pemerintah memprogramkan pemberian Bantuan Operasional Sekolah (BOS) yang bertujuan memberikan bantuan kepada sekolah dalam rangka membebaskan iuran siswa.Akan tetapi ada kendala yang dihadapi oleh setiap sekolah seperti kesulitan dalam pembuatan laporan tentang perincian penggunaan dana BOS karena banyaknya data yang harus dimasukkan sehingga mengakibatkan banyak waktu dan tenaga yang dibutuhkan untuk memasukkan data, ketidakakuratan data, maupun kesalahan yang tidak disengaja (human error). Kabupaten Tulungagung merupakan salah satu Kabupaten dimana semua lembaga pendidikannya telah memanfaatkan kemajuan teknologi dalam pengelolaan dana operasional sekolah yaitu dengan memanfaatkan aplikasi RKAS untuk mengelola laporan dana bantuan operasinal sekolah. Jenis penelitian yang penulis ambil adalah penelitian kualitatif, dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa SDN 2 Bantengan dan SDS Muhamadiyah Progrm plus Kabupaten Tulungagung telah berhasil mengoperasikan dan memanfaatkan inovasi aplikasi MARKAS berdasarkan Surat Edaran nomor: 4313/D/PR/2019 tentang Penggunaan Aplikasi Rencana Kegiatan dan Anggaran Sekolah pada Satuan Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah dan telah menerapkan Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia Nomor 8 Tahun 2020 Tentang Petunjuk Teknis Bantuan Operasional Sekolah, dimana dalam pengelolaan dana BOS terdapat aktivitas dari perencanaan pengelolaan dana BOS, pelaksanaan pengelolaan dana BOS, dan pengawasan pengelolaan dana BOS.","doi":"10.32503/otonomi.v22i2.3010","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a725d4685d46c4531f296c7a7f1b25e96256e515","result_position":38,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":226364332,"title":"EVALUASI KEBIJAKAN DANA BANTUAN OPERASIONAL SEKOLAH (BOS) DALAM MENINGKATKAN MUTU PENDIDIKAN DI MTS MUHAMMADIYAH KOTA GORONTALO","venue":"Journal of Economic, Business, and Administration (JEBA)","year":2020,"authors":["Azis Rachman"],"abstract":"Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: 1) mengetahui kebijakan dana BOS dalam meningkatkan prestasi akademik siswa di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Muhammadiyah Kota Gorontalo; 2) mengetahui kebijakan dana BOS dalam rangka meningkatan prestasi non akademik siswa di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Muhammadiyah Kota Gorontalo; 3) mengetahui faktor-faktor pendukung dan penghambat dalam penggunaan dana BOS untuk peningkatan mutu pendidikan. \nPenelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data dilakukan melalui tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. \nHasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: 1) kebijakan dana Bantu-an Operasional Sekolah (BOS) yang di berikan pemerintah kepada Madrasah Tsanawiyah Muhammadiyah Kota Gorontalo sudah berjalan dengan mestinya, akan tetapi sering mengalami keterlambatan pada saat pendistribusian ke madrasah-madrasah; 2) Madrasah Tsanawiyah Muhammadiyah Kota Gorontalo bisa di katakan baik dengan nilai rata-rata tingkat lulusan yang mencapai 100% hal ini di akibatkan dengan adanya program dana BOS yang cukup berhasil dalam menunjang kegiatan belajar mengajar. Selain itu juga kegiatan ekstrakokurikuler yang selalu di laksanakan oleh Madrasah Tsanawiyah Muhammadiyah Kota Gorontalo seperti Pramuka, Olimpiade KSM dan kegiatan lainnya di mana yang menopang itu adalah salah satunya dana BOS; 3) faktor yang sangat berpengaruh pada penggunaan dana BOS adalah adanya Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) yang berkualitas yang dapat mengelola dana BOS dengan baik, Rencana Kegiatan Anggaran Madrasah (RKAM), komite madrasah dan yang paling utama adalah siswa itu sen-diri, faktor Penghambat pencairan dana BOS kadang mengalami keter-lambatan 2-3 bulan.","doi":"10.47918/.v1i1.4","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/faed90e942459fec8fc043d4470c2c7636b28933","result_position":39,"is_clicked":false}],"string":"[\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 272321890,\n \"title\": \"Effectiveness of the use of the school budget activity plan application in managing school operational assistance funds at Elementary School Number 1 Abiansemal in 2024\",\n \"venue\": \"Priviet Social Sciences Journal\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ni Made\",\n \"Pitri Rahayu\",\n \"G. Wirata\",\n \"W. Astawa\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The management system for school operational assistance funds has evolved to in- corporate information and communication technology through the School Budget Activity Plan Application, commonly referred to as ARKAS. The Ministry of Ed- ucation, Culture, Research, and Technology developed the ARKAS innovation to facilitate the management of school operational assistance funds received by each educational institution. This study aims to understand why the effectiveness of using the School Budget Activity Plan application at Elementary School Number 1 Abi- ansemal has not yet been optimized. A qualitative method was employed to explore information about the phenomenon, supported by a descriptive approach, which en- abled the creation of relationships with informants, allowing the researcher to obtain new data. The data sources were obtained from interviews and documents related to the research. Data collection was conducted through documentation, interviews, and observation at the research location. Subsequently, the data were analyzed using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of this study indicate that the suboptimal effectiveness in using the School Budget Activity Plan application for managing school operational assistance funds at Elementary School Number 1 Abiansemal is due to insufficient dissemination by relevant authorities regarding the understanding of ARKAS and inadequate supporting infrastructure. However, improvements in several components are necessary to enhance the effective- ness of managing school operational assistance funds through ARKAS. This includes the need for training and socialization to improve understanding of ARKAS usage in terms of planning, reporting, and realization, as well as creating synergy between school operators and district operators to ensure that the information conveyed is easily understood.\\n \",\n \"doi\": \"10.55942/pssj.v4i8.324\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/132400700ff9c86baf3907418e0e0f2d8b554b5d\",\n \"result_position\": 0,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 259017978,\n \"title\": \"INDONESIAN EDUCATION POLICY AND MANAGEMENT: BOS FUND IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS\",\n \"venue\": \"European Journal of Education Studies\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"I. Putra\",\n \"N. Gistituati\",\n \"R. Rusdinal\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This article discusses the policy and management of Education: BOS Fund in Primary Schools. Based on Permendikbud No 161 of 2014 concerning Technical Guidelines for the Management of Regular School Operational Assistance Funds. BOS fund management has at least three indicators: Planning, implementation and reporting. These three indicators are the benchmark for managing BOS funds well. The research method uses a literature study with a meta-analysis of ten national journal review results based on BOS fund management indicators: Planning, implementation, and reporting. Results of this study: 1. Planning involves all school residents, including the principal, treasurer, teachers, employees, committees, and parents. This Planning is poured in the form of the preparation of RKAS. RKAS is made with various considerations and by the conditions of each elementary school. 2. The implementation of BOS fund management, starting with the withdrawal of funds; some are carried out in Dahab, and some are all at once; the collection adjusts to each condition and then allocates by the RKAS that has been made. The collection of BOS funds must be recorded in detail and clearly. As well as leaving a minimum balance as a precaution. 3. Reporting is carried out gradually and every day so that it is monitored in real and particular. This reporting is in the form of a unique BOS fund governance book. Article visualizations:\",\n \"doi\": \"10.46827/ejes.v10i5.4827\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a95822d4b6cd19a7b1699bfa64edb2568063c734\",\n \"result_position\": 1,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 268717295,\n \"title\": \"EFFECTIVENESS OF ACCOUNTABILITY AND TRANSPARENCY OF BOS FUND MANAGEMENT USING THE ARKAS APPLICATION\",\n \"venue\": \"Managere\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Sahdan\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"One of the government's policies in supporting the advancement of education is to provide educational assistance in the form of school operational assistance funds (BOS). In managing BOS funds so that they can run optimally, good financial management skills are needed for schools. The method used in this research is qualitative with descriptive analysis. Sources of information were obtained from various stakeholders such as school principals, treasurers, and teachers at MAS Ulumuddin Lhokseumawe. Data collection was carried out through interviews, documentation, and literature review. The results showed that there was an increase in efficiency and effectiveness in the accounting system for the use of BOS funds after using the school activity plan and budget application (ARKAS). The effectiveness, accountability and transparency of the management of BOS funds using the ARKAS application in the activity plan and school budget at MAS Ulumuddin Lhokseumawe are interrelated and have been running very well and optimally.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.52627/managere.v5i2.179\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ea8e960fec193b05e6d95f8afd102382fe65f4b2\",\n \"result_position\": 2,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 266645963,\n \"title\": \"EFEKTIVITAS PENYALURAN DANA BANTUAN OPERASIONAL SEKOLAH (BOS) DI SD\",\n \"venue\": \"Manajemen Pendidikan\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"L. Halimah\",\n \"Heri Yusuf Muslihin\",\n \"Fahmi Qodrul Asphar\",\n \"Nunung Nurjanah\",\n \"Susi Widianingsih\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This study aims to idescribe thei effectiveness of the distribution of school operational iassistance funds (BOS) in elementary schools in planning, implementing, monitoring, evaluating and reporting and accountability for the management of BOS fundsi in SDN Paganjuran, Cineam District, Tasikmalaya Regency.This research was conducted at SDN Paganjuran, Cineam District, Tasikmalaya Regency. Data were collected by observation, interview and documentation methods, which were then analyzed using a qualitative approach and descriptive analysis. The problem faced by all these elementary schools was that the School Operational Assistance (BOS) funds did not arrive on time as expected.The results showed that the BOS treasurer prepared the ARKAS ion time, namely ati the beginningi of th fiscal year, basedi on the priority scale of school needs, and involved icommittees andi teachers.The conclusion in this study is that the implementation aspect has not been entirely successful because the distribution of School Operational Assistance funds is still late. The aspect of supervision is still not fully successful because there is no supervision from the relevant agencies on a regular basis. Evaluationi activitiesi by the committee have been carried out although not optimal. Reporting on the management of BOS fund at SDN Paganjuran can be said to have been successful because a report has been made in accordance with the itechnical guidelines for managingi BOS funds. The level of effectiveness in managing BOS funds at SDN Paganjuran is in the effective criteria.Keywords: Management, Financing, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.23917/jmp.v18i1.21711\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/23bb2c290f5a4852cf7a3f88206b66c2c730912d\",\n \"result_position\": 3,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 196210215,\n \"title\": \"Budgeting school operational assistance in Central Java using three spatial process modelling\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Physics: Conference Series\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"R. Wasono\",\n \"Asad Karim\",\n \"M. Y. Darsyah\",\n \"Suwardi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The formulation of Indonesian school operational assistance is a complex issue, as each region has different characteristics. The aim of this research was to find out the mapping of the distribution of school operational assistance budget in Central Java Province, to develop the equalization model of Indonesian school operational assistance of Central Java Province using spatial through three spatial processes namely spatial lag X (SLX), spatial autoregressive (SAR), and spatial error model (SEM). Spatial modeling is expected to be a tool of educational development planning so that the development is more directed to equitable distribution of Indonesian school operational assistance in Central Java. The distribution of funds for the program is one form of government expenditures in the form of subsidies for the education sector as the compensation from reduced subsidies for fuel oil. The research results show that the SEM model is the best model, and the estimation results show that the school development budget, school management and human development index can significantly be a determinant of the distribution of Indonesian school operational assistance.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1088/1742-6596/1217/1/012112\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/44b8a636ba934b56cc8fd1fca5b499227a9dca2a\",\n \"result_position\": 4,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 261171835,\n \"title\": \"Financial Management of Educational Operational Assistance in Improving the Quality of Education in Sesayap District, Tana Tidung Regency\",\n \"venue\": \"Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi Publik\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Huda\",\n \"Rahmat Hidayat\",\n \"T. Chandrawati\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Financial management of educational operational assistance (BOP) is school operational assistance originating from the Regional Government of Tana Tidung Regency which is used for school operational activities. The aims of this study are 1) to find out the financial management of educational operational assistance (BOP) to improve the quality of education in Sesayap District, Tana Tidung Regency; 2) to find out the inhibiting factors for operational assistance financial management (BOP) in Sesayap District, Tana Tidung Regency. The informants in this study were the Head of the Education Office, the Head of the Finance Subdivision of the Education Office, and the Principal of a school in Sesayap District, as well as one of the treasurers of the BOP. The research design used is qualitative with a case study approach. Data collection techniques used are interviews, observation, and documentation. The data analysis techniques are data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that 1) financial management of operational assistance (BOP) in improving the quality of education in Sesayap District, Tana Tidung Regency has been carried out in accordance with the provisions of 8 educational standards, namely graduate competency standards, content standards, process standards, assessment standards, educator and staff standards education, infrastructure standards, management standards, and financing standards analyzed from research indicators, namely fulfillment of financial obligations, honesty, control, responsibility, efficiency, and effectiveness; 2) the inhibiting factors in BOP financial management are delays in the disbursement of BOP from the district and the lack of awareness of financial responsibility from the organizers of activities or programs to the BOP treasurer of educational units.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.26858/jiap.v13i1.43723\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/727d7e75579150cb5741c5bcb322b280eed03335\",\n \"result_position\": 5,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 265563557,\n \"title\": \"Analisis Manajemen Keuangan di UPT Sekolah Dasar Negeri 234 Gresik\",\n \"venue\": \"ARZUSIN\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Aqilla Rizki Alvian\",\n \"Azzah Farihah\",\n \"Ayu Wulandari\",\n \"Innafi Hamda Abida\",\n \"Sofia Dwi Damayanti\",\n \"Ummi Latifah\",\n \"Nuphanudin Nuphanudin\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This research discusses financial management at UPT SDN 234 Gresik, to extract funds, manage School Operational Assistance (BOS) funds, make reports and financial accountability, and conduct supervision. This study used a qualitative descriptive method. Primary data was obtained through interviews with school treasurers, and additional data from literature studies. Thus, the focus of this research is on the financial management aspect of the school. The research results show that this educational institution implements financial principles involving fairness, efficiency, transparency, and public accountability in managing its financial resources. The school's funding cycle includes steps such as sourcing funds, planning, supervision, and financial reporting. The use of the ARKAS application helps improve transparency and efficiency, although there are still challenges related to reliance on a stable internet connection. This research provides valuable insights for stakeholders in the world of education, efforts to improve the quality of education in the school environment are important.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.58578/arzusin.v4i1.2179\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/832ba8f88ead33ef890e7c3cc9efb7547e13daf5\",\n \"result_position\": 6,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 259575707,\n \"title\": \"Bantuan Operasional Sekolah (BOS): Antara Aturan VS Implementasi di Sekolah Dasar Negeri 1 Padaherang Kecamatan Padaherang Kabupaten Pangandaran\",\n \"venue\": \"PADARINGAN (Jurnal Pendidikan Sosiologi Antropologi)\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Diyar Sugiarti\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"There are still problems with the use of school operational funds, both in terms of coverage and use. This study aims to identify several problems, namely: How is the implementation, limitations and efforts to provide BOS financing for educational equity in SD Negeri 1 Padaherang in 2022. In this study the technique used was qualitative data analysis techniques using observation, interview and study techniques data. Based on the findings and discussion results regarding the use of School Operational Assistance funds, SDN 1 Padaherang in the implementation of the allocation of BOS funds has achieved success and is running on target in a directed manner. starting with the planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation stages of implementation. BOS funds are used to pay for natural benefits, such as finding library reference works, paying for non-teaching activities, tests and exams. Implementation was constrained by delays in BOS funds at each payment stage and a lack of human resources such as the BOS Treasurer to use ARKAS (School Activity Plan and Budget Application). This causes difficulty in generating usage reports. Efforts to overcome obstacles in managing BOS funds are to first seek recovery funds, meanwhile schools provide technical guidance and ARKAS reporting training through the Cluster KKG group to fill gaps in ARKAS understanding that must be overcome.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.20527/pn.v5i02.7683\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/07865ba3672e6bb0d16379213317111fe1584a12\",\n \"result_position\": 7,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 255046360,\n \"title\": \"Digitalization of Education in the Implementation of Kurikulum Merdeka\",\n \"venue\": \"KnE Social Sciences\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Mega Novita\",\n \"Nugroho Dwi Saputro\",\n \"Alok Singh Chauhan\",\n \"R. R. Waliyansyah\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The Indonesian Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology (Kemendikbudristek) recently released several educational platforms like Merdeka Belajar, Rapor Pendidikan, Belajar.id, ARKAS, TanyaBOS, SiPLah and Kampus Merdeka to make a leap in educational progress. However, the user percentage is still low, which may be due to various reasons such as limited internet access and reluctance to learn new technology. Discussion on which priority technology platforms are and how they are used to support Kurikulum Merdeka’s implementation has been limited. Therefore, this paper will analyze the primary educational platforms useful for the implementation of Kurikulum Merdeka. We carried out a systematic review of the relevant databases on the digitalization of education in implementing Kurikulum Merdeka. Although the current educational platforms are still being developed, they provide unique features which facilitate students, teachers, administrators, and principals in the learningmanagement process at all levels of education. This work has the potential to become an essential reference that provides guidelines for using the educational platform to improve the number of users. \\nKeywords: Kurikulum Merdeka; Merdeka Belajar; software; digital school; application\",\n \"doi\": \"10.18502/kss.v7i19.12438\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d7ecebcc13254a4e1f3e843d52ac4549ed368b93\",\n \"result_position\": 8,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 245830297,\n \"title\": \"Implementation of the Affirmation School Operational Cost Policy at SMP Negeri 3 Suluun Tareran, South Minahasa\",\n \"venue\": \"Technium Social Sciences Journal\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Noldy Nofri Runtuwene\",\n \"Marthinus Mandagi\",\n \"A. R. Dilapanga\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This study describes Affirmation School Operational Costs or Bantuan Operasional Sekolah (BOS) Policy management in South Minahasa District Study at SMP Negeri 3 Suluun Tareran. This study uses qualitative research methods and data collection techniques: Observation, Interview, and Documentation. The primary data source of this research is the Affirmation of School Operational Costs (BOS) Policy in the South Minahasa Regency. In this case, the Policy on Management, Reporting, Responsibility for the Use of Funds and Distribution of Funds by the School BOS Team in South Minahasa Regency Study SMP Negeri 3 Suluun Tareran and Secondary data sources are supporting documents, archives, and literature. The results showed that: Policies in managing, reporting, responsible for the use of funds, and distribution of funds by the School BOS team are still very lacking and are spent by the policies contained in the Minister of Education and Culture Number 24 of 2020 It has not been implemented optimally even though the document data component of the use of funds and expenditures has been fulfilled, but its use in schools is still inadequate and has not been implemented optimally because of the lack of human resources and the internet network of Telkomsel and others has not yet entered the SMP Negeri 3 Suluun school. The results of the study concluded: (1) Affirmation School Operational Cost (BOS) Policy in South Minahasa Regency. In this case, the Policy on Management, Reporting, Responsibility for the Use of Funds and Distribution of Funds by the School BOS Team as an adequate policy in the use of Affirmation BOS funds and must be improved with other supporters such as adequate human resources and can work together with the Regency BOS Team in the process of using Affirmation BOS funds so that their use in schools can be carried out and on target; (2) Administrative Management of the Use of Affirmation BOS Funds is entirely assisted by the Regulation of the Minister of Education and Culture Number 24 of 2020. However, the use of fund expenditures is still inadequate with the condition of the school and the school environment, especially human resources which are the motivation in the teaching and learning process. For this reason, schools must have their policies so that their use can be by the conditions and the school environment.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.47577/tssj.v27i1.5546\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f5d171231e387dcaa8a2efb2855089e56e25f6ee\",\n \"result_position\": 9,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 261543242,\n \"title\": \"Effectiveness of Use of Early Childhood Education Operational Assistance Funds in Improving Education for Early Children in Sesayap District, Tana Tidung Regency\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of social research\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Lusiana Dewi Arta\",\n \"E. A. Muhtar\",\n \"Sudirah Sudirah\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of the early childhood education operational assistance fund in improving early childhood education in Tana Tidung Regency. This research employs a qualitative research method, which is a method used to study natural conditions where the researcher acts as the key instrument. The data generated is descriptive in nature, and data analysis is conducted inductively. The data obtained in this study utilize data collection techniques such as in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation. The effectiveness of the early childhood education operational assistance fund implemented by the Department of Education and Culture in Tana Tidung Regency analyzed through three factors (Goal Attainment, Integration, and Adaptation), is generally underway, but not fully effective. This can be evidenced in terms of goal achievement, where fund distribution is on target and timely, and in terms of procedures and benefits, where it effectively alleviates the burden of education expenses. Concerning the factor of integration, which involves processes of socialization, clarity of information, synchronization of activities, transparency, and accountability in the utilization of the School Operational Assistance fund, there are still weaknesses in terms of synchronization between schools and the department regarding the importance of openness and transparency in school financial management. Regarding the adaptability factor, analyzed through the ability to respond to changes, the availability of infrastructure and the utilization of technology in the School Operational Assistance fund is not yet fully effective. This can be observed in terms of human resources' proficiency in information technology and the inadequacy of infrastructure.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.55324/josr.v2i10.1406\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/38ce7bf44326f4b329fda8f2e0d09836b2e5160f\",\n \"result_position\": 10,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 235050434,\n \"title\": \"Analysis of Budget Shifts and Realization of School Finances During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Purworejo Regency in 2020\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Rusmiyatun\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This study aims to analyze changes in the school financial budget and their realization after the Covid19 Pandemic in Purworejo Regency. School finances that are measured are the source of BOS funds from the central government and the PDPS funding source from the Purworejo Regency. The sample of this study was 477 elementary schools in Purworejo Regency. 477 samples spread over 16 districts in Purworejo Regency. This research is collaborating with the BOS Team for the Education, Youth and Sports Office of Purworejo Regency to measure compliance with the Budget Amendment regulations in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Education and Culture Number 19 of 2020. This research is a descriptive quantitative research. Researchers also get secondary data from school reports from the BOS Team in Education Office of Purworejo. The results of this study indicate a budget adjustment for handling covid19 in the education unit. The operational PDPS fund is reduced for each student by IDR 20,000. Funds for payment of teachers and honorary staff are reduced for the 3 month allocation, and schools change the source of funds by using the central BOS Fund. Central BOS Fund revenue does not change at IDR 900,000 per student, but its use changes, especially in the 2nd and 3rd quarter of 2020 for spending on goods and services as well as for capital expenditure for covid19 handling activities in education units. The education unit in the realization of spending promotes transparency by posting reports on the use of funds on school display boards and reporting online on the website www.boskemdikbud.go.id. The ownership of special administrative personnel who handle school finances has a significant effect on reporting both offline and online.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.2991/AEBMR.K.210311.003\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4eaf9595bbca99b0843949fb6ad0053f2f4ae816\",\n \"result_position\": 11,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 157954077,\n \"title\": \"Accountability in Elementary School\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yahya Sudarya\",\n \"Elis Mediawati\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Compulsory Nine-Year Basic Education and the provision of greater access to community groups that have been less able to reach educational services, such as the poor, people living in remote areas, or people with disabilities. One reason for the low participation in education, especially on the poor is the high cost of education both direct and indirect costs. BOS learners through basic education level will be freed from the burden of school operational costs. Finance and financing is one of the resources that directly support the effectiveness and efficiency of education management. It requires the school's ability to plan, implement, and evaluate and be accountable for the management of funds are transparent to the public and the government. The research was conducted using qualitative descriptive methods, and implemented in an elementary school in Bandung. Research results show that primary school accountability is low. Keywords— BOS funds, Accountability, Elementary School\",\n \"doi\": \"10.2991/GCBME-16.2016.116\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/adc75588b9c2c36af9e63316c518f51d6811c275\",\n \"result_position\": 12,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 266073426,\n \"title\": \"EVALUATION OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEMS ON BUDGETING, USE AND REPORTING OF FUNDS REGULAR SCHOOL OPERATIONAL AID (BOS). (CASE STUDY IN SMA NEGERI 4 KOTA SERANG BUDGET YEAR 2020)\",\n \"venue\": \"Review of Accounting and Taxation\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"D. Aditya\",\n \"Dini Khoirunnisa\",\n \"M. Ramadhan\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"\\n\\n\\n\\nPurpose - This study aims to analyze and determine the application of Accounting Information Systems in the field of Budgeting, Use and Reporting of Regular School Operational Assistance (BOS) Funds at SMA Negeri 4 Kota Serang.\\n\\n\\n\\n\\nDesign/methodology/approach - The research was conducted at SMA Negeri 4 Kota Serang. This study uses a qualitative approach. Qualitative Approach Method is a research method based on the philosophy of post positivism used to examine the condition of natural objects, where the researcher is the key instrument.\\n\\n\\n\\n\\nFinding - The Accounting Information System related to the BOS Fund has actually existed since 2019 and was socialized in early 2020. This application created by the Ministry of Education and Culture has been able to accommodate all financial activities from the Regular School Operational Assistance Fund but in its implementation there are many components of incomplete item names, making it difficult for users to operate. A good system is a system that is made to make it easier for users to operate, understandable and structured.\\n\\n\\n\\n\\nOriginality - The budget will be able to run effectively based on the time of planning before budgeting, good and careful planning will ensure that the budget implementation function can run effectively and efficiently as expected\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\n \"doi\": \"10.61659/reaction.v2i2.160\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2600fdf21e636bfb15a7a99f517c66a0acf8ad12\",\n \"result_position\": 13,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 256148411,\n \"title\": \"The Implementation of School Financial Management System in Managing the BOS Fund\",\n \"venue\": \"Al-Idarah : Jurnal Kependidikan Islam\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Sedya Santosa\",\n \"Andi Mihrajuddin\",\n \"Erni Munastiwi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"School financial management should be managed properly. With clear and transparent financial management, it will affect operational systems and mechanisms to meet the various elementary needs of the school. Financial management also plays a determinant role for the success of education. Thus, financial management needs to be implemented by educational institutions, so that the use of school funds can be more effective and efficient and the budget misuse is able to be minimized appropriately. This study aims to find out how the education financial management system is implemented in managing BOS funds. In this study, the authors used a qualitative approach with the type of field research conducted at SMAN 17 Bombana, Southeast Sulawesi Province. The data from this study were obtained from observations, interviews and documentations. As reseach participants, this study involved the head of school, treasurer of school, committee chairs, student guardians, educators and education staffs. Then, data were analyzed and conclusions were drawn. Therefore, this study shows that the implementation of the education financial management system in managing BOS funds at SMAN 17 Bombana, Southeast Sulawesi Province has been implemented very well. This is evidenced by the steps carried out, including financial planning by holding meetings first, then financial implementation which is divided into three parts, namely acceptance, distribution and management. Another indicator is the evaluation system which is divided into two parts, consisting of the school's internal side and the education office's external side.Keywords: implementation, Financial Management, BOS Management Fund\",\n \"doi\": \"10.24042/alidarah.v12i2.10905\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0b262cad4510ed6b17affede9a6c596c5592da0f\",\n \"result_position\": 14,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 213588019,\n \"title\": \"Modelling of spatial lag of X regression in the School Operational Aid\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Physics: Conference Series\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"R. Wasono\",\n \"A. Karim\",\n \"M. Y. Darsyah\",\n \"D. Ismunarti\",\n \"Suwardi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The issue of the allocation and distribution of the School Operational Aid (BOS) in Central Java Province is a complex problem since each region has different characteristics. The distribution formulation requires a spatial model as the neighbouring regions have dependencies. The variables in this research were BOS value, supervision/building cost, management cost, Human Development Index (HDI) analysed using the Spatial Lag of X (SLX) model with the weighting of Rock Contiguity. It is concluded that all variables have a spatial dependency with the BOS variable influenced by the variables of building and management costs significantly.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1088/1742-6596/1446/1/012056\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6050757da3832e55f73c499bb99886df03bf98ca\",\n \"result_position\": 15,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 270605875,\n \"title\": \"Implementation Of The School Budget And Activity Plan (ARKAS) Application Policy In Realizing Good Governance In Junior High Schools\",\n \"venue\": \"Jurnal Ekonomi Teknologi dan Bisnis (JETBIS)\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ismatuzzaeni Ismatuzzaeni\",\n \"Ilham Wahyudin\",\n \"Siti Khumayah\",\n \"Sri Wulandari\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This study aims to analyze the Implementation of the School Activity Plan and Budget (ARKAS) Application policy in Realizing Good Governance in Junior High Schools, this research uses qualitative research with the type of case study research (Field Research). The data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis uses triangulation techniques, namely by displaying data, reducing data, and finally drawing conclusions. This research examines the ARKAS application technology used in realizing good governance in the field of BOS fund management. The implementation of the ARKAS policy reflects the concept of e-government by providing easier access to information on activity plans and budget allocations, enabling active participation in the decision-making process. The results of this study reveal that technology can be used optimally to achieve a goal. Through ARKAS, information related to activity plans and budget allocations can be accessed more easily by various stakeholders, which contributes to increased participation, and public trust and still refers to the applicable legal rules. The increased transparency and accountability achieved through ARKAS policy implementation has important implications, obstacles, and efforts in the context of financial management in educational institutions.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.57185/jetbis.v3i5.110\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8c0c8d736bb1aead5bf41057528799788c8b3f1b\",\n \"result_position\": 16,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 218961540,\n \"title\": \"Effect of Public Elementary School Financial Challenges on Student Achievement\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Sujatmiko Wibowo\",\n \"R. Rukayah\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The quality of education is often seen from the achievements of students. Meanwhile, student achievement in school is influenced by many factors. The financing factor is one factor that cannot be separated from the teaching and learning process. The relationship between educational funding and student achievement is still being debated. This study aims to reveal the relationship between the number of funding resources in schools and student achievement. This research used qualitative methods. Data collection was carried out using interviews, observation, and documentation techniques. The collected data were analyzed using interactive model analysis and purposive sampling techniques. The results of this study indicate that public elementary schools have limited sources of funding. The amount of money managed by one school differs depending on the number of students and the ability of parents. This study finds that education funding has no direct effect on student achievement. Schools that have significant financial resources do not necessarily have high achievements. The effectiveness of schools in managing their finances also becomes essential. Besides, the role of policymakers, the ability of teachers, and the participation of parents are crucial to increase the education quality.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.17977/UM048V25I1P6-15\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d0f23d142eeff14e4f7d8c84c6f391aa0d092574\",\n \"result_position\": 17,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 250062118,\n \"title\": \"The Effectiveness Of School Operational Assistance Program Implementation In Improving Teacher Performance And Education Quality In Elementary Schools\",\n \"venue\": \"Jurnal Pendidikan Terbuka Dan Jarak Jauh\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"T. Susanto\",\n \"S. Suhartono\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"School Operational Assistance (BOS) is an Indonesian government program that aims to provide funding for operational costs for basic educations as a part of compulsory education programs. The research was conducted to analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of the BOS program in improving teaching performance and education quality. This study used a qualitative descriptive approach by using informants, including school principals, school treasurers, teachers, and school committees. Informants were selected by using purposive sampling technique and carried out to obtain data and produced an analysis of the field phenomena regarding the BOS program using the GOEM (Goal Oriented Evaluation Model) evaluation model. Indicator instruments include the preparation, structure, distribution, use, monitoring, reporting. The results showed that: (1) In general, the effectiveness of the implementation of the BOS program in the Kedu sub-district was appropriate in accordance with the BOS technical guidelines. (2) The effectiveness of the current use of the BOS fund program was less effective in improving teaching performance in pedagogic competence because BOS funds were not well targeted. In conclusion, innovative strategy is needed to improve learning programs as a the main targets.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.33830/ptjj.v23i1.3228.2022\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b41d25d410dfe50322e200e99caab1de1afaab27\",\n \"result_position\": 18,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 259840474,\n \"title\": \"IMPLEMENTATION OF FINANCING MANAGEMENT AND INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF LEARNING\",\n \"venue\": \"Improvement: Jurnal Ilmiah Untuk Peningkatan Mutu Manajemen Pendidikan\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jurnal Ilmiah\",\n \"Untuk Peningkatan\",\n \"Mutu Penddikan\",\n \"Ratna Indrasari\",\n \"Pembiayaan Implementasi Manajemen\",\n \"Sarana Prasarana\",\n \"Kualitas Pembelajaran\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This study aims to describe the implementation of financing management and infrastructure to improve the quality of learning at SMA Negeri 1 Kramatwatu, Serang Regency. The method used in this research is qualitative. The results of the study show that the implementation of financing management and infrastructure is an integral part in efforts to improve the quality of learning. Implementation of management of financing and infrastructure in SMA Negeri 1 Kramatwatu has gone through managerial stages, namely planning, implementation and supervision (auditing and accountability). Budget execution activities include recording income and expenses in the ARKAS system and preparing accountability reports in the form of notes, receipts, and activity documentation. The implementation phase of the implementation of infrastructure includes the procurement and arrangement of school facilities. The supervision stage for the implementation of financing management and infrastructure is carried out by internal schools and external parties which includes monitoring activities evaluating the acquisition of assets and consumables with BOS funding sources, BOS realization reports and cash opname.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.21009/improvement.v10i1.35684\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/375f646dc6f31d418945d0a72a2cda0b8682abd7\",\n \"result_position\": 19,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 236283551,\n \"title\": \"LOW IMPLEMENTATION OF “BOS” FUNDS FOR JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS IN PADANG CITY, INDONESIA\",\n \"venue\": \"European Journal of Education Studies\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Yusmaridi\",\n \"Vevi Sunarti\",\n \"R. Rusdinal\",\n \"N. Gistituati\",\n \"Dewi Juita\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The rationale of conducting this research came from observations carried out in Junior High Schools in Padang City regarding the large amounts of BOS (School Operational Assistance Fund Program) funds being returned to the government from schools. This phenomenon indicates that the government has not reached the targeted execution rates of BOS funds given to schools. The research method used to analyze the factors causing the low absorption of BOS funds was a descriptive method with a quantitative approach through percentage equations. According to the BOS budgets, the results obtained were 43.9% of schools involved teachers, education personnel, and school committees in planning activities. 43.7% of schools were able to account for the financial reports of BOS funds, while 51.8% of schools were wrong in understanding the regulations. In managing BOS funds, 59.9% of schools had competent human resources, actively participated in Bimtek activities, and had integrity. Only 29.3% of schools carried out administrative activities according to regulations. Article visualizations:\",\n \"doi\": \"10.46827/EJES.V8I6.3795\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9a36a356979a41dd1405917caf9df63d50c9f54d\",\n \"result_position\": 20,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 266828469,\n \"title\": \"Pengelolaan Pembiayaan Pendidikan pada Jenjang Pendidikan Dasar (Studi Deskriptif Penggunaan Dana BOS Sekolah)\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of education\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Revan Dwi Erlangga\",\n \"S. Suryadi\",\n \"Fitroh Hayati\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Bantuan Oprasional Sekolah (BOS) are one of the school's financial sources for carrying out educational activities at school. Schools are obliged to plan the allocation of funds carefully and calculatingly, as well as monitor the use of funds for operational and capital costs, as well as provide administrative and physical (material) evidence of how funds are used. However, unfortunately there are still many schools that are still indifferent to managing school finances, especially BOS funds. For this reason, this research aims to determine the management of education financing, in this case BOS funds, as a guide for other institutions in managing BOS funding in accordance with established regulations. The method used in this research uses a qualitative descriptive method with data collection using observation, interview and documentation techniques. The results of this research are: a) planning a budget by identifying goals, determining priorities, describing goals into measurable operational performance, analyzing alternatives for achieving goals with cost-effectiveness analysis, making recommendations for alternative approaches to achieving targets. b) budget realization by making real expenditures according to needs and physical evidence. c) carry out budget supervision and control, supervision carried out by certain parties within the school whose official function is to carry out supervision such as the principal and treasurer of the BOS, as well as the education office and the BPK as external supervisors of BOS finances in the school.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.31004/joe.v6i2.4886\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/02b7be5384b683a5a8bb4c3f0430ca781b02a656\",\n \"result_position\": 21,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 258432082,\n \"title\": \"EFEKTIVITAS PENGELOLAAN DANA BANTUAN OPERASIONAL SEKOLAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN SARANA DAN PRSARANA PENDIDIKAN SMP SWASTA HKBP SIBOLGA\",\n \"venue\": \"Jurnal ekonomi, bisnis dan manajemen\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Vitra Linda Mawaty Pasaribu\",\n \"Yacub Hutabarat\",\n \"Tiurlina Hasmawati Sihite\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This study aims to find out the opinions of teachers and administrative staff regarding the management of BOS funds at the HKBP Sibolga Private Middle School in terms of the procedures for managing, using, and targeting BOS funds. \\nThis research is quantitative descriptive. The subjects of this study were all teachers and administration staff of the HKBP Sibolga Private Middle School for the 2020/2021 academic year, a total of 20 people. Data collection techniques used questionnaires and documentation to obtain data regarding the management of BOS funds related to the procedures for managing, using, and targeting BOS funds. The analysis technique uses cross tabulation and crosstab methods. \\nThe results showed that 90% of respondents (18 teachers and 2 administrative staff) stated that the procedures for managing BOS funds at HKBP Private Middle Schools complied with the 2021 BOS technical guidelines and only 10% of respondents (1 teacher and 2 administrators) stated it is not in accordance with. Regarding the use of BOS funds at HKBP Sibolga Private Middle School, 88.5% of teacher respondents (15 people and 1 uhsah administrative staff) stated that it was appropriate and only 11.5% (1 teacher) stated that it was not on target. So, it can be concluded that the majority of respondents are of the opinion that the management of BOS funds at the HKBP Sibolga Private Middle School for the 2021/2022 school year from the procedures for managing, using, and targeting BOS funds is in accordance with the technical guidelines for using BOS funds in 2022\",\n \"doi\": \"10.59024/jise.v1i2.138\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7a6e4b9e399bfeed95fb583b957a7247d343c2f1\",\n \"result_position\": 22,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 256582822,\n \"title\": \"The Influence of Recruitment, Competence and Supervision on the Performance of School Operational Assistance Fund Managers\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Managerial Studies and Research\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ariyono Orab\",\n \"Alam Anshary\",\n \"Anis Susanti\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \". Abstract: Public services in the education sector are still unfinished homework in the Banggai Islands District. Various problems indicate the low competence of human resources owned by BOS fund managers. Changes and improvements to HR competencies are one of the focus points for bureaucratic reform that must be carried out by BOS fund managers, both at the regional and school levels. This study aimed to analyze how much influence HR recruitment and competence had on BOS fund management performance and how big HR recruitment and competence influenced BOS fund management performance moderated by supervision at the Education and Culture Office of the Banggai Islands Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. The research methodology used in this research is quantitative, with a total of 61 respondents. The data analysis method used in this study is SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) with the PLS (Partial Least Square) approach. The results showed a significant direct effect between recruitment and HR competency variables on BOS fund management performance and a significant indirect effect between recruitment and HR competency variables on BOS fund management performance moderated by supervision at the Education and Culture Office of the Banggai Islands Regency. Central Sulawesi Province. The supervision variable as a moderating variable can directly increase the influence between recruitment and competency variables on performance variables.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.20431/2349-0349.1012001\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/75317aeb0ea25b333d7a2030e58c09eb48ad30a6\",\n \"result_position\": 23,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 244645481,\n \"title\": \"The Implementation of The Policy on School Operational Assistance (BOS) at Junior High Schools in Indragiri Hilir Riau Indonesia\",\n \"venue\": \"JIAPI: Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Dan Pemerintahan Indonesia\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yesrahmatulah Yesrahmatulah\",\n \"I. Mujtahid\",\n \"Sofjan Arifin\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"BOS policy is one of the public policies made by the government aiming at improving the quality of human resources as the indicator of the progress of a nation's development. This study aimed at analyzing and describing BOS policy, the implementation of BOS funds, and the supporting factors and inhibiting factors in implementing BOS policy at Junior High Schools in the Tembilahan sub-district. This study design was qualitative using a descriptive method. The data and information were collected through an observation technique, interview, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted using classification steps, analysis, and data interpretation until the conclusion was drawn. The result showed that the BOS policy was an appropriate and effective public policy for people in general and, particularly, for the school, teaching staff, and the students. Regarding the implementation of the BOS policy at Public Junior High Schools in the Tembilahan sub-district, it was good and met the BOS technical guideline. However, it still had an obstacle that several school activities could not be accommodated using BOS funds. The supporting factors of the BOS policy implementation at Public Junior High Schools in the Tembilahan sub-district were good communication between several relevant parties and the availability of competent human resources. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factors were financial resources and the characteristics of the policy were too rigid in the use in every school.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.33830/jiapi.v2i1.63\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c3dd673c8ff1345cf449ef6c9670f0627854fc1e\",\n \"result_position\": 24,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 257210173,\n \"title\": \"School Operational Assistance Fund Management, Human Resources Competence and Governance, is it Still a Problem?\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Endi Junaedi\",\n \"Lin Oktris\",\n \"Deden Tarmidi\",\n \"H. Setiyawati\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Submission of financial reports on time is often a problem, one of which is the case with the Department of Education, Youth and Sports. This quantitative study aims to obtain information on the moderating effect of organizational commitment on the competence of human resources managing School Operational Assistance (BOS) funds and governance in accountability for the use of their budget. Drawing a sample of 351 from all managers of BOS funds in public elementary and junior high schools. Data collection uses a questionnaire, with a quota sampling technique, data processing uses SmartPLS. The results of this study inform that human resource competence and governance affect the quality of financial reports, but organizational commitment is not able to strengthen its influence. Procurement of appropriate training, optimization of existing systems, verification of Activity Plans and School Budgets, reconciliation of budget implementation. For further research, it is better to collect data directly to the educational unit, so that all respondents' statements are in accordance with the facts.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.36948/ijfmr.2023.v05i01.1675\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0377a68c7b08f1e70e16b919cb58a9d59fc72e15\",\n \"result_position\": 25,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 248765062,\n \"title\": \"THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SCHOOL OPERATIONAL ASSISTANCE AT THE BORDER\",\n \"venue\": \"JURNAL SOSIAL HUMANIORA\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Antonia Sasap Abao\",\n \"Zakiah Hasan Gaffar\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The government has made various efforts to increase school participation rates such as through the provision of School Operational Assistance (BOS) which has been operating since 2005. However, in 2019 it was noted that many of the population of Suruh Tembawang Village were illiterate and did not graduate from Elementary School. Therefore, this study was conducted to describe the implementation of the BOS in two schools in Suruh Tembawang Village. This research used the descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The results showed that part of the BOS funds in the schools of Suruh Tembawang have been used in accordance with the provisions stipulated in Permendikbud Number 1 of 2018. However, expenditure of the BOS funds on infrastructure and maintenance had not been properly observed. In terms of teaching staff and administrations, many teachers, including the school principals were often unavailable on site. The community members interviewed expressed their disappointment in the implementation of the BOS funds, particularly on how the school administration used the funds for the operation of the schools. This was the result of a lack of community engagement, a lack of supervision, and a lack of transparency. In order to maximize the use of BOS funds in both schools, the schools must involve the school committee and its members, village officials, parents of students in planning, budgeting, and managing the BOS funds.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.30997/jsh.v13i1.4251\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0bb08df363d323d2f51915d62d70eb691c83f61c\",\n \"result_position\": 26,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 259473848,\n \"title\": \"The Influence of Accountability, Participation, and Transparency of Boss Funds on the Financial Performance of Public Elementary Schools in Palembang City\",\n \"venue\": \"JMKSP (Jurnal Manajemen Kepemimpinan dan Supervisi Pendidikan)\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Dela Septiani Putri\",\n \"Yulia Saftiana\",\n \"Sa’adah Siddik\",\n \"Kushendar Kushendar\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This study examines and analyzes the effect of accountability, participation, and transparency of boss funds on the financial performance of public elementary schools in Palembang City. The data used are primary data with a population of all public elementary school financial treasurers in the city of Palembang, as many as 251 people; the sampling method uses probability sampling with the sampling technique, namely simple random sampling, so the study uses 72 people as the research sample. The analysis technique used is quantitative with an analytical tool, namely multiple linear regression. The results showed that accountability and transparency of boss funds had a positive and significant effect on the financial performance of elementary schools. In contrast, participation had a negative and insignificant effect on the financial performance of elementary schools.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.31851/jmksp.v8i1.11810\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/404579d92f29301912411f00da7e6efd1a78c7b8\",\n \"result_position\": 27,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 259757203,\n \"title\": \"Management of School Operational Assistance in Increasing the Quality of Education\",\n \"venue\": \"EDUTEC : Journal of Education And Technology\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Abdul Tahim\",\n \"Candra Wijaya\",\n \"Yusuf Hadijaya\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"School Operational Assistance (BOS) is an implementation of Law Number 20 of 2003 article 34 paragraph 2 that the central and regional governments guarantee the implementation of compulsory education without charging a fee. BOS management in madrasas needs to be carried out to support the provision of facilities and infrastructure in order to streamline teaching and learning activities and improve student learning achievement BOS management at MAS Sinar Islami Bingai Langkat Regency consists of budget planning, fund management, fund utilization, and supervision. As for some of the principles implemented by MAS Sinar Islami Bingai Langkat Regency, they include: 1) transparency (openness in managing activities), 2) accountability (the use of funds can be accounted for), 3) effectiveness (arranging finances to finance activities so that they are in accordance with planning), 4) efficiency (use of time, effort and cost with a minimum budget to get satisfactory results). This study used a descriptive qualitative method where researchers immediately went into the field to collect data objectively and naturally. The techniques for collecting data in this study used observation techniques, interviews and documentation studies. The results of the research conducted at MAS Sinar Islami Bingai, Langkat Regency, are that several parties in the madrasah have prepared a funding management plan, the management of funds is in accordance with the plan that has been discussed so that it is right on target and can improve teacher welfare and improve student achievement, the use of BOS funds is in accordance with existing technical guidelines as well as implementing a trustworthy attitude, supervising the management of funds consisting of internal madrasah parties and external parties.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.29062/edu.v6i4.545\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8b99cdb5f983c4f837a9c6dc513bd8de2fdf1051\",\n \"result_position\": 28,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 133043341,\n \"title\": \"PENGELOLAAN DANA BOS PADA SD NEGERI DI UPT PELAYANAN PENDIDIKAN KECAMATAN MOYUDAN KABUPATEN SLEMAN\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Irene Muryati\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) perencanaan, (2) pelaksanaan, (3) pengawasan dan evaluasi pengelolaan, serta (4) pelaporan dana Bantuan Operasional Sekolah (BOS) pada Sekolah Dasar Negeri dengan jumlah siswa sedikit dan jumlah siswa banyak di wilayah UPT Pelayanan Pendidikan Kecamatan Moyudan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah studi kasus. Responden penelitian ini yaitu kepala sekolah, bendahara, guru, komite sekolah, dan orang tua siswa. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, observasi dan studi dokumen. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) perencanaan pengelolaan dana BOS diprioritaskan untuk peningkatan mutu, namun partisipasi warga sekolah kurang optimal. (2) Pada pelaksanaan: (a) penyaluran dana dilaksanakan di awal triwulan, (b) proses pembukuan dilaksanakan secara rutin, dan (c) prinsip akuntabilitas dan keterbukaan telah dilaksanakan dengan baik. (3) pengawasan dilakukankan oleh kepala sekolah dan pengawas sekolah dengan memeriksa SPJ BOS; evaluasi dilakukan dengan mengisi angket pelaksanaan sekali dalam setahun oleh TIM Manajemen BOS Kabupaten. (4) Pelaporan penggunaan dana BOS dalam bentuk SPJ dilaksanakan setiap triwulan kepada Tim Manajemen BOS Kabupaten melalui UPT Pelayanan Pendidikan. Kata kunci: Pengelolaan, Dana Bantuan Operasional Sekolah. BOS FUNDS MANAGEMENT ON STATE ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS IN THE DISTRICT MOYUDAN EDUCATION SERVICES UNIT SLEMAN REGENCY Abstract This study aims to reveal: (1) the planning, (2) implementation, (3) monitoring and evaluation, and (4) reporting of the management of School Operational Fund (BOS) on public elementary schools whcihhas small and a big number of students in the District Moyudan Education. Respondents were the principals, treasurers, teachers, school committees, and parents of students. Data collection techniques were interviews, observation and document study The results of this study indicate that: (1) the fund was prioritized for student activities to improve the quality of education but community participation were limited. (2) The implementation which includes: (a) the distribution of funds is done in the beginning of the quarter, (b) accounting process is carried out on a regular basis, and (c) the principles of accountability and transparency has been implemented properly. (3) monitoring is conducted by the principal and school superintendent; evaluation of the implementation is done by filling the questionnaire once a year by the District Management BOS Team. (4) reporting is done every three months to the BOS Management Team. Keywords: Management, School Operational Fund\",\n \"doi\": \"10.21831/AMP.V4I2.10802\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/054179ee32189b20fef58369d61b29daf883236f\",\n \"result_position\": 29,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 211784695,\n \"title\": \"IMPLEMENTASI PENGGUNAAN DANA BANTUAN OPERASIONAL SEKOLAH(BOS) UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN GURU DAN FASILITAS SEKOLAH DI SMP KOTA SEMARANG\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Refgi Septian\",\n \"Margaretha Suryaningsih\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.14710/JPPMR.V8I4.24786\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5d2e899f9c86557aa312ecddb362d69331b68816\",\n \"result_position\": 30,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 116592031,\n \"title\": \"THE POLICY IMPLEMENTATION OF UTILIZATION OPERATIONAL AID TO SCHOOL PROGRAM FUND (BOS) IN INDONESIA\",\n \"venue\": \"Educational Administration Research and Review\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"D. Supriyadi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The research on the implementation of Operational Aid to School Program (In Indonesian language is abbreviated as BOS) usage policy in Indonesia is aimed to know the description related to the central government program to provide funding for non personnel operating expenses for primary and secondary education units. The method used in this research is qualitative, data collection technique using Focus Group Discussion, interview, observation and documentation. Informants are drawn from the element of the school, the elements of the school committee, the element of the School Board, the element of the Education Office. Submission of Operational Aid to School Program has been right target, component designation and the mechanism is clear although still found the lack of accuracy in its use, because it is still possible because there are still not really understand it. It is certainly necessary to improve the quality and quantity side of socialization. In addition, controls and consents are still underway to improve their effectiveness. It is also realized that the use of Operational Aid to School Program has an impact on the quality of education. At the moment the negative impacts appear to be as soon as possible to find the right solution and keep in mind the tips/strategies to handle it.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.17509/EARR.V1I1.21409\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/272640b88b80a8e5bdb954ba95c53cfdb00dcedf\",\n \"result_position\": 31,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 212454656,\n \"title\": \"Implementation of Operational Assistance Policy in Madrasah (Case Study of the Implementation School Operational Assistance Policy Management in Improving Madrasah Quality in East Java)\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Resources Development and Management\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"D. Sukmawati\",\n \"Julianti Pontoh\",\n \"Ventje Ilat\",\n \"Hendrik Manossoh\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This study aims to describe and analyze the implementation of the School Operational Assistance policy, find out the supporting and inhibiting factors for implementing School Operational Assistance policies in madrasas, and find a model of implementing management policies in improving the quality of madrasas in the Regional Office of the Ministry of Religion of East Java.This type of research is descriptive qualitative. Researchers describe, analyze and interpret policies to improve the quality of madrasa education. The subjects of this study are; (1) Regional Office of Ministry of Religion of East Java, (2) Head of Madrasah Education Head of Regional Office of Ministry of Religion of East Java, (3) Head of Madrasah Education Section of Sidoarjo Regency, and (4) Head of Madrasah recipient of School Operational Assistance. Data collection using in-depth interviews and observation methods. The data analysis technique used in this study was inductive using phenomenological procedures.The results of this study indicate, the implementation of the School Operational Assistance policy in madrasas is carried out to improve access, quality, equity and quality of madrasa education. The existence of the program received support and positive responses from the madrasa management. Factors supporting the implementation of the policy are guidelines and technical guidelines, preparation of Madrasah Work Plans (RKM), assistance to madrassas, and higher public awareness. Community awareness factor in becoming the main supporting factor in implementation. The madrasah education quality development model is carried out with a variety of programs and activities whose budgets are taken from the School Operational Assistance funds. Many madrasa managers utilize School Operational Assistance funds to improve the quality and quality of education by strengthening the competence of teaching staff, improving facilities and infrastructure, strengthening graduation standards, and increasing the availability of reference access, whether in the form of books, magazines, scientific journals, and other sources learning can be used.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.7176/jrdm/61-06\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ee0e7aea91962e83dfa89fd449abf5788e4d1e75\",\n \"result_position\": 32,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 168763647,\n \"title\": \"Analisa Perancangan Ulang (Redesain) Model Operasionalisasi Program Bantuan Operasional Sekolah Dalam Meningkatkan Efektivitas Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan dan Memenuhi Harapan Masyarakat\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2014,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Hesti Maheswari\",\n \"Luna Haningsih\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This study aims to establish a model operationalization BOS program, through the analysis of Quality Function Deployment. This study was based on the presence of a variety of complaints that come from the communities to the BOS program that they can not benefit from the one hand, and the other side the Government felt that the implementation of BOS has reached three rights are the right time, the right amount, and on target. Public dissatisfaction conditions to the program evidenced by the high dropout rates.The extent to which the BOS program helps students in education funding, in turn raises a big question mark because of government policies and rhetoric seem apparent.Because it was the children of farmers, laborers, street vendors, low class servants, janitors still do not get the ease and lightness in education.Free school which echoed the Government would make society under increasingly sad to hear that. \\nThe first results of this study is the expectationof the people to the BOS program, namely:most of BOS funds can be used to offset the cost of student transportation, schools have adequate science laboratories and maximum usage, quality textbooks provided by the school, BOS program can ease the burden of school, students can discuss with the teacher outside of school hours, andSchool Committee oversees use of the funds. From this analysis known gap formed between community expectations with the level of BOS concept is still very high, both western and central regions Indonesia.Researchers feel that there is no proper policy of the Government to secure the nation's ideals in improving quality through Learning Program 9 years.Therefore, we need strategies to be more comprehensive to narrow the gap between idealism with the realities on the ground, so that education becomes more obvious problems 'roots' and more 'effective and efficient' ways to overcome. Redesigns recommended are monitoring and evaluation, increase teacher motivation, integrated management system, operational guidelines for use of the funds, supervision attached, and additional facilities. To accomplish these results it is necessary to continue the research terms, that is for two eastern Indonesia: Maluku and Papua. \\nKeywords: recommendation of operationalization model BOS program, quality function deployment\",\n \"doi\": \"10.31843/jmbi.v2i1.38\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b8059a7f555b5b6056a04bbb88ea7b877a287532\",\n \"result_position\": 33,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 233897213,\n \"title\": \"THE PRINCIPALS’ EFFORTS IN FACILITATING THE FREEDOM TO LEARN BY ENHANCING COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN INDONESIA\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Maisyaroh Maisyaroh\",\n \"Juharyanto Juharyanto\",\n \"Ibrahim Bafadal\",\n \"B. Wiyono\",\n \"Nova Syafira Ariyanti\",\n \"Maulana Amirul Adha\",\n \"M. I. Qureshi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The latest ‘freedom to learn’ policy, issued by the Minister of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia, must be implemented by educational institutions at various levels. The principals played significant roles such as community empowerment to utilize all resources in the schools to support the policy. The research aimed to describe the principals’ efforts in improving community participation in the school and to describe the social involvement in facilitating the freedom to learn at schools. This study employed a qualitative approach with a multi-case research design, and it was conducted in Indonesia, particularly in Tana Tidung Regency in North Kalimantan, Bondowoso Regency in East Java, and Malang City in East Java. The data collection techniques included in-depth interviews and document studies, and to validate the data used a credibility technique. The data validation through the credibility technique was carried out by conducting triangulation, checking members, and improving the persistence and adequacy of reference materials. The cross-case data analysis in this study applied a constant comparative method. The analysis was conducted in all three cases resulted in the provisional findings, continued by data comparison that would later be found by the three cases. The results of this research were the principals’ efforts in enhancing community participation through cooperation with several related parties. The principals were regarded as role models in supporting the ‘freedom to learn’ policy and building cooperation with related partners. The kind of community participation varied based on the uniqueness of each region.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.21831/CP.V40I1.36119\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b682a7f7d95a5065a6c100a1dc7aa7934abb6688\",\n \"result_position\": 34,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 268399165,\n \"title\": \"Implementation of Asset Management Policy in Tana Tidung Regency\",\n \"venue\": \"Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi Publik\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Fitrianah Fitrianah\",\n \"T. M. Wardiny\",\n \"E. A. Muhtar\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This research aims to analyze and describe the implementation of regional asset management policies in the Tana Tidung Regency as well as the factors inhibiting the implementation of regional asset management policies. The policy implementation theory used by Van Meter van Horn consists of policy standards and targets; resources, communication between organizations, characteristics of implementing agents; social, economic, and political conditions, and the attitude of implementing agents. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach. Data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation. The informants in this research were the Head of the BPKAD Agency, the BPKAD Secretary, the Head of Asset Management, the Regional Property Management Staff, and the Deputy Chair of the Tana Tidung Regency DPRD. The results of the research regarding the implementation of regional asset management policies in Tana Tidung Regency, namely 1) Policy standards and targets, namely BKPAD Tana Tidung Regency carries out management in accordance with regional asset management principles and procedures starting from planning to coaching, supervision and control; 2) Resources, namely the management of regional assets in Tana Tidung Regency are quite adequate, such as budget and facilities and infrastructure, although the availability of human resources is still relatively low because in terms of quantity BPKAD only has 49 human resources while the workload is more Lots; 3) Communication between organizations, namely BPKAD Tana Tidung Regency, is carried out through meetings and coordination between OPDs of Tana Tidung Regency regularly and consistently; 4) Characteristics of the implementing agent, namely in the implementation of regional asset management in BPKAD, namely the capacity of BPKAD and the autonomy possessed by BPKAD as an official or institution that has authority in managing regional property; 5) Social conditions, namely the economy and politics, are running effectively, this is because there are interest groups providing support for policy implementation; 6) The attitude of the executors (deposition), namely as agents managing regional property, is demonstrated through BPKAD's responsibility in managing regional property, carrying out control and supervision of assets through users by monitoring and controlling use, utilization, transfer, administration, maintenance and security. regional property under its control\",\n \"doi\": \"10.26858/jiap.v13i2.52321\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/68a62b777a6fd960252df3d879fba91516fd67c4\",\n \"result_position\": 35,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 229624350,\n \"title\": \"Implementation of Principal Instructional Leadership in Facilitating Learning Independency Policy on 4.0 Industrial Era Orientation in Indonesia\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Maisyaroh\",\n \"Juharyanto\",\n \"Ibrahim Bafadal\",\n \"B. Wiyono\",\n \"M. A. Adha\",\n \"Bagus Rachmad Saputra\",\n \"Nova Syafira Ariyanti\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Lately, the issue of learning independence, as sparked by the Minister of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia, reaps the pros and cons, both of which develop massif. The presence of a headmaster who serves effectively is a critical and organic factor in facilitating the learning independency of 4.0 industry oriented. The purpose of this research is to know: (1) the concept of independent learning according to the excellent schools with the predicate of different status, especially in the context of the industrial era 4.0; (2) the managerial and leadership roles played by the principal in facilitating the independence of industry-based learning 4.0; and (3) the application of managerial roles and leadership of the principal in facilitating the independence of industrybased learning 4.0. As a result of this research, the principal understands the concept of learning independency policy by effectively applying for leader and manager roles. In implementing the learning independency policy, the principal plays a balanced role as a learning manager and leader. The principal is always adaptive to changing times as challenges and opportunities in improving the quality of learning. The principal also applies a remote leadership model by utilizing the sophistication of technology so that the principal can still provide direction and control teacher performance in any place at any time.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.2991/assehr.k.201112.037\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ce915e5795ca7ffdf58ac2773248d865aca05207\",\n \"result_position\": 36,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 267133523,\n \"title\": \"Strategy For The Development of Leading Agriculture Commodities\",\n \"venue\": \"AGRIBUSINESS JOURNAL\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Khaerunnisa\",\n \"Muhammad Wahyu Agang\",\n \"Banyuriatiga\",\n \"Zulhafandi\",\n \"R. Fitriani\",\n \"A. Wulandary\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The agribusiness potential in the Tana Tidung Regency area has not been managed and utilized optimally. The results obtained are still relatively small and have not been able to empower the community's economy because existing commodities have not been developed into superior commodities. As a result, cross-border or regional trade opportunities have not made a meaningful contribution to society and the region. One alternative in developing the region is to carry out a strategy to develop superior agribusiness commodities so that the region can be developed into a growth centre for the surrounding area. The objectives of carrying out this research are (1) to find out the basic and main agricultural sectors. knowing superior agribusiness commodities, (2) to identify the factors that determine the success of developing superior agribusiness commodities, and (3) to provide recommendations for strategies for developing superior agribusiness commodities in Tana Tidung Regency. The research results show that the leading commodities in supporting regional development in Tana Tidung Regency based on LQ and B/C ratio values > 1 and farmers' preferences are spinach (LQ=8.06), mustard greens (LQ=2.15), kangkong (LQ= 2.18), and cayenne pepper (LQ=1.84). Strategies that can be implemented to develop superior commodities in Tana Tidung Regency are 1) Increasing cooperation/partnerships between farming institutions and the private sector or government, 2) Increasing the supporting capacity of infrastructure, facilities and infrastructure, 3) Optimizing capital assistance from the government as a stimulant for innovation in processing, marketing and socialization of production results, 4) Providing information data to support marketing requests.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.31327/aj.v6i2.2096\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d0c295e4287b3193262f9ffbf3ed0727226c137b\",\n \"result_position\": 37,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 254714098,\n \"title\": \"Implementasi Aplikasi RKAS Dalam Pengelolaan Bantuan Operasional Sekolah (Studi kasus SDN 2 Bantengan dan SDS Muhammadyah Program Plus Tulungagung)\",\n \"venue\": \"Otonomi\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Gatot Suwarno\",\n \"M. N. Musafik\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Dalam mewujudkan program penuntasan Wajib Belajar Pendidikan Dasar 9 tahun yang bermutu, Pemerintah memprogramkan pemberian Bantuan Operasional Sekolah (BOS) yang bertujuan memberikan bantuan kepada sekolah dalam rangka membebaskan iuran siswa.Akan tetapi ada kendala yang dihadapi oleh setiap sekolah seperti kesulitan dalam pembuatan laporan tentang perincian penggunaan dana BOS karena banyaknya data yang harus dimasukkan sehingga mengakibatkan banyak waktu dan tenaga yang dibutuhkan untuk memasukkan data, ketidakakuratan data, maupun kesalahan yang tidak disengaja (human error). Kabupaten Tulungagung merupakan salah satu Kabupaten dimana semua lembaga pendidikannya telah memanfaatkan kemajuan teknologi dalam pengelolaan dana operasional sekolah yaitu dengan memanfaatkan aplikasi RKAS untuk mengelola laporan dana bantuan operasinal sekolah. Jenis penelitian yang penulis ambil adalah penelitian kualitatif, dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa SDN 2 Bantengan dan SDS Muhamadiyah Progrm plus Kabupaten Tulungagung telah berhasil mengoperasikan dan memanfaatkan inovasi aplikasi MARKAS berdasarkan Surat Edaran nomor: 4313/D/PR/2019 tentang Penggunaan Aplikasi Rencana Kegiatan dan Anggaran Sekolah pada Satuan Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah dan telah menerapkan Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia Nomor 8 Tahun 2020 Tentang Petunjuk Teknis Bantuan Operasional Sekolah, dimana dalam pengelolaan dana BOS terdapat aktivitas dari perencanaan pengelolaan dana BOS, pelaksanaan pengelolaan dana BOS, dan pengawasan pengelolaan dana BOS.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.32503/otonomi.v22i2.3010\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a725d4685d46c4531f296c7a7f1b25e96256e515\",\n \"result_position\": 38,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 226364332,\n \"title\": \"EVALUASI KEBIJAKAN DANA BANTUAN OPERASIONAL SEKOLAH (BOS) DALAM MENINGKATKAN MUTU PENDIDIKAN DI MTS MUHAMMADIYAH KOTA GORONTALO\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Economic, Business, and Administration (JEBA)\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Azis Rachman\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: 1) mengetahui kebijakan dana BOS dalam meningkatkan prestasi akademik siswa di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Muhammadiyah Kota Gorontalo; 2) mengetahui kebijakan dana BOS dalam rangka meningkatan prestasi non akademik siswa di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Muhammadiyah Kota Gorontalo; 3) mengetahui faktor-faktor pendukung dan penghambat dalam penggunaan dana BOS untuk peningkatan mutu pendidikan. \\nPenelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data dilakukan melalui tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. \\nHasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: 1) kebijakan dana Bantu-an Operasional Sekolah (BOS) yang di berikan pemerintah kepada Madrasah Tsanawiyah Muhammadiyah Kota Gorontalo sudah berjalan dengan mestinya, akan tetapi sering mengalami keterlambatan pada saat pendistribusian ke madrasah-madrasah; 2) Madrasah Tsanawiyah Muhammadiyah Kota Gorontalo bisa di katakan baik dengan nilai rata-rata tingkat lulusan yang mencapai 100% hal ini di akibatkan dengan adanya program dana BOS yang cukup berhasil dalam menunjang kegiatan belajar mengajar. Selain itu juga kegiatan ekstrakokurikuler yang selalu di laksanakan oleh Madrasah Tsanawiyah Muhammadiyah Kota Gorontalo seperti Pramuka, Olimpiade KSM dan kegiatan lainnya di mana yang menopang itu adalah salah satunya dana BOS; 3) faktor yang sangat berpengaruh pada penggunaan dana BOS adalah adanya Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) yang berkualitas yang dapat mengelola dana BOS dengan baik, Rencana Kegiatan Anggaran Madrasah (RKAM), komite madrasah dan yang paling utama adalah siswa itu sen-diri, faktor Penghambat pencairan dana BOS kadang mengalami keter-lambatan 2-3 bulan.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.47918/.v1i1.4\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/faed90e942459fec8fc043d4470c2c7636b28933\",\n \"result_position\": 39,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":71,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"in brdge bolted connections. The primary advantages of bolted connections include ease of installation and maintenance, flexibility in assembly and disassembly processes, and their ability to maintain structural strength and stability effectively. Nevertheless, this method also presents certain limitations, such as the potential for bolt loosening due to vibrations, susceptibility to corrosion at the joint interfaces, and the requirement for regular inspection and maintenance to ensure long-term performance"},"query_timestamp":{"kind":"string","value":"2025-05-14T15:19:15.211312+00:00"},"thread_id":{"kind":"string","value":"6e5aa09580615ebe42571ab3e9668ef96ab813534b42bb30e5d2b67d4cb0f4ca"},"num_shown":{"kind":"number","value":31,"string":"31"},"num_clicked":{"kind":"number","value":1,"string":"1"},"has_clicks":{"kind":"bool","value":true,"string":"true"},"shown_papers":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"corpus_id":235591286,"title":"Structural health monitoring of splice joint in a steel beam","venue":"","year":2021,"authors":["Aastha","R. Singh"],"abstract":"Nowadays, steel sections are extensively used in various constructions because of its lesser erection time and higher reliability. These members are connected either by welding or bolts. As time goes on, the structure degrades due to various reasons. In our study, the degradation of joints with bolted connections is presented. In reality, joints are damaged frequently when compared to the other parts of the structure. As bridges are generally of long spans, splicing is done to ensure the continuity of the spans and this splicing is done with the help of welding or bolts. Loosening of bolts is the most common damage that occurs in bolts, making the joint act like a semi-rigid joint. We have considered a bridge model consisting of two beams connected by splicing with bolts’ help, and this entire modelling is done in ABAQUS 6.13. Our intention to study the behaviour of the joint in both damaged and undamaged case. Loosening of bolts is considered as damage, and deflection of the joint is considered as the extent of the damage. We have performed a static analysis of the model. Theoretical validation is also done by developing an elemental stiffness matrix with semi-rigid connections using fixity factors.","doi":"10.1088/1757-899X/1136/1/012003","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/420084e33887c4100cfc8fc5627923f60db9d830","result_position":0,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":187406220,"title":"Simple analysis on failure of high strength bolts in Chongqing Chaotianmen Bridge","venue":"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering","year":2018,"authors":["J. Wen","Zheng Li","Tao Hu","Lang Liu"],"abstract":"From 2009 to 2012, 14 failure high strength bolts were found in Chaotianmen Bridge,and 11 bolts were collected on site, of which 8 bolts were pitted and rusted. The chemical composition, metallographic structure, hardness and other mechanical properties of these 11 bolts were analyzed and tested to explore the reasons for fracture failure of high strength bolts. The results show that six failure high strength bolts` HRC values are of 40, 40.5 and 43 (4 bolts), which does not meet the technical requirement of GB/T1231-2006, and the unqualified rate accounts for 54.5%. Tempered martensite, which belongs to brittle structure, was detected in metallographic structure in samples with unqualified hardness. The failure of high strength bolts is not only related to the unqualified metallographic structure, but also related to the construction processs, operating environment and other aspects. Especially the influence of environmental corrosion on the quality, micro-structure and mechanical properties of high strength bolts should be paid more attention by bridge managers. It is necessary to further explore and clarify the influence of environmental factors on the corrosion fracture of high strength bolts and its mechanism, so as to provide a basis for the measures taken to prevent the breakage of high strength bolts.","doi":"10.1088/1757-899X/439/4/042060","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4445404a0d762260e2c08acf317e918e616e0d3f","result_position":1,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":202745928,"title":"Behavior of an Advanced Bolted Shear Connector in Prefabricated Steel-Concrete Composite Beams","venue":"Materials","year":2019,"authors":["Jun Chen","Wei Wang","F. Ding","P. Xiang","Yufan Yu","Xue-mei Liu","Fu Xu","C. Yang","S. Long"],"abstract":"The high-strength bolt shear connector in prefabricated concrete slab has advantages in applications as it reduces time during the construction of steel-concrete composite building structures and bridges. In this research, an innovative and advanced bolt shear connector in steel-concrete composite structures is proposed. To investigate the fundamental mechanical behavior and the damage form, 22 static push-off tests were conducted with consideration of different bolt dimensions, the reserved hole constraint condition, and the dimension of slab holes. A finite element (FE) model was established and verified by using test results, and then the model was utilized to investigate the influence of concrete strength, bolt dimension, yield strength, bolt pretension, as well as length-to-diameter ratio of high strength bolts on the performances of shear connectors. On the basis of FE simulation and test results, new design formulas for the calculation of shear resistance behavior were proposed, and comparisons were made with current standards, including AISC, EN 1994-1-1, GB 50017-2017, and relevant references, to check the calculation efficiency. It is confirmed that the proposed equation is in better agreement with the experimental results.","doi":"10.3390/ma12182958","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4c50c0a615c72d045804e5702de10c40498d8ca2","result_position":2,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":255330284,"title":"State-of-the-art and annual progress of bridge engineering in 2021","venue":"Advances in Bridge Engineering","year":2022,"authors":["R. Zhao","Kaifeng Zheng","Xing Wei","Hong-yu Jia","Xiaozhen Li","Qinghua Zhang","Guoji Xu","Y. Zhan","Ruili Shen","Fang Zhang","Q. Pu","Hongye Gou","Chuanjin Yu"],"abstract":"Bridge construction is one of the cores of traffic infrastructure construction. To better develop relevant bridge science, this paper introduces the main research progress in China and abroad in 2021 from 12 aspects. The content consists of four parts in 12 aspects. The first part is about the bridge structure and analysis theories, including concrete bridge and high-performance materials, steel bridges, composite girders and cable-supported bridge analysis theories. The second part is about the bridge disaster prevention and mitigation, including bridge seismic resistance, vibration and noise reduction of rail transit bridges, monitoring and detection of steel bridge, hydrodynamics of coastal bridges, and durability of the concrete bridge under the complex environmental conditions. The last part is concerning the bridge emerging technologies, including bridge assessment and reinforcement, the technology in bridge structure test and intelligent construction and safe operation and maintenance of bridges.","doi":"10.1186/s43251-022-00070-1","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5e6f934290f43beb201bec80e518fd5a48ec5ab5","result_position":3,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":259029586,"title":"Characteristics of Corrosion Products of Friction-Type High-Strength Bolted Joints of Steel Bridge: A Case Study","venue":"Coatings","year":2023,"authors":["Gangnian Xu","Wenpeng Xu","Xu Dong","Shengwei Fan","Xianggang Wang"],"abstract":"The contact surface corrosion of friction high-strength bolt (FHSB) joints was analyzed to examine the characteristics of corrosion products and influence factors in steel bridges. Samples were selected from the Dongying Shengli Yellow River Bridge, which has been in service for 33 years. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were utilized to analyze the microscopic morphology and chemical composition of the corroded surface of the samples. The study identifies that construction quality issues accelerate corrosion of the contact surface and that the contact surface of the aluminum spraying layer transforms from rugged and dense to smooth and porous as corrosion increases. The findings also suggest that the friction coefficient of the FHSB connection node initially decreases and then increases as the corroded surface changes. Corrosion products contained S, Cl, Mn, Si, FeS, and their oxides, indicating that atmospheric, industrial, and Yellow River soil environments contribute to joint corrosion. The study proposes sandblasting and coating the corroded contact surface and deck steel plate with inorganic zinc-rich paint to prevent media penetration and delay substrate corrosion. Adopting ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) as the deck structure is also recommended to reduce top plate tensile stress, deck cracking, and media invasion. This study provides insights into the characteristics and mechanisms of FHSB joint corrosion to aid the maintenance, repair, and protection of steel bridges.","doi":"10.3390/coatings13061023","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f86959e6478ddb304b30a2a1623feca10232798b","result_position":4,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":243952795,"title":"Computer Vision-Based Detection for Delayed Fracture of Bolts in Steel Bridges","venue":"J. Sensors","year":2021,"authors":["Jing Zhou","L. Huo"],"abstract":"The delayed fracture of high-strength bolts occurs frequently in the bolt connections of long-span steel bridges. This phenomenon can threaten the safety of structures and even lead to serious accidents in certain cases. However, the manual inspection commonly used in engineering to detect the fractured bolts is time-consuming and inconvenient. Therefore, a computer vision-based inspection approach is proposed in this paper to rapidly and automatically detect the fractured bolts. The proposed approach is realized by a convolutional neural network- (CNN-) based deep learning algorithm, the third version of You Only Look Once (YOLOv3). A challenge for the detector training using YOLOv3 is that only limited amounts of images of the fractured bolts are available in practice. To address this challenge, five data augmentation methods are introduced to produce more labeled images, including brightness transformation, Gaussian blur, flipping, perspective transformation, and scaling. Six YOLOv3 neural networks are trained using six different augmented training sets, and then, the performance of each detector is tested on the same testing set to compare the effectiveness of different augmentation methods. The highest average precision (AP) of the trained detectors is 89.14% when the intersection over union (IOU) threshold is set to 0.5. The practicality and robustness of the proposed method are further demonstrated on images that were never used in the training and testing of the detector. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can quickly and automatically detect the delayed fracture of high-strength bolts.","doi":"10.1155/2021/8325398","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6a90f50ffe728ca82e2a05427f3d8cbde6faabb8","result_position":5,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":52071024,"title":"Preload Monitoring in Bolted Connection Using Piezoelectric-Based Smart Interface","venue":"Italian National Conference on Sensors","year":2018,"authors":["T. Huynh","Ngoc‐Loi Dang","Jeong‐Tae Kim"],"abstract":"In this study, a preload monitoring method using impedance signatures obtained from a piezoelectric-based smart interface is presented for bolted girder connections. Firstly, the background theory of the piezoelectric-based smart interface and its implementation into the health monitoring of bolted connections are outlined. A simplified electro-mechanical (EM) impedance model of a smart interface-embedded bolted connection system is formulated to interpret a mechanistic understanding of the EM impedance signatures under the effect of bolt preload. Secondly, finite element modeling of a bolted connection is carried out to show the numerical feasibility of the presented method, and to predetermine the sensitive frequency band of the impedance signatures. Finally, impedance measurements are conducted on a lab-scaled bolted girder connection, to verify the predetermined sensitive frequency range and to assess the bolt preload changes in the test structure.","doi":"10.3390/s18092766","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b8b1165633cdf8a7de1898ca6bf0d3b1c458fd6b","result_position":6,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":258926545,"title":"Computer Vision-Based Autonomous Method for Quantitative Detection of Loose Bolts in Bolted Connections of Steel Structures","venue":"Structural Control & Health Monitoring","year":2023,"authors":["Wulve Lao","Chuang Cui","Dengke Zhang","Qing-hua Zhang","Yihengu Bao"],"abstract":"In this study, an autonomous computer vision-based method is presented to quantitatively detect loose bolts. The method integrates keypoint detection via YOLOv5 and PIPNet, distortion correction via perspective transformation, and rotation angles quantification via geometric imaging. Distortion correction is incorporated to address skewed angles and improve the accuracy of rotation angles. A representative experiment on bolted connection of steel structures is conducted to evaluate the presented approach. The effects of the focal distance, skewed angle, and lighting conditions on the detection and quantification performance are evaluated by varying the imaging conditions. The results demonstrate that the presented approach automatically detects all bolts and their corners, irrespective of the imaging conditions. No false detection occurs, and the quantification errors are lower than 1°. The proposed method can be deployed for automatic detection of loose bolts and quantification of rotation angles in bolted connections under different imaging conditions.","doi":"10.1155/2023/8817058","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ee319c4053f771bc8daf6c7d4228dc51aee96081","result_position":7,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":55782032,"title":"Bolted Joints in Fibre Reinforced Polymer Bridges","venue":"","year":2018,"authors":["Jawed Quresh"],"abstract":"Use of fibre reinforced polymer is becoming increasingly popular in FRP bridges. FRP offers high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion and chemical resistance, and fast deployability. A major issue in its wider applicability is lack of understanding of joints. This paper presents a review of mechanical connection methods for FRP bridges. Slip and fatigue resistance are critical to any bridge design. While conventional methods of fitted bolts, rivets and high strength friction bolts are not suitable for FRP joints due to viscoelastic nature of the material, injection bolts offer cheap, convenient and reliable method of joining for FRP bridges. Injection bolts have been used in the past to repair old steel bridges. Inspiration is taken from these old steel bridges to see its potential in FRP bridges. The behaviour of resin injected bolted joints is tested in three stages: quality control tests, static creep tests and fatigue tests. Research shows that FRP joints with resin injected bolts have a promise in terms of achieving slip and fatigue resistance. Joints with injection bolts can withstand as much as 60% of the failure load applied in 4 million cycles. This proves that resin injected bolted joints can achieve comparable slip and fatigue resistance as high strength friction bolted joints. However, majority of research data is limited to testing single or double lap shear joints. More experimental and numerical research is needed to extend the characterisation of these joints to all FRP bridge components.","doi":"10.31031/RDMS.2018.06.000634","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c33b4c11a1a18e37852efdf8d4378f3bcd12e0a2","result_position":8,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":56485361,"title":"Advances in the Structural Health Monitoring of Bridges Using Piezoelectric Transducers","venue":"Italian National Conference on Sensors","year":2018,"authors":["Yunzhu Chen","X. Xue"],"abstract":"With the rapid development of the world’s transportation infrastructure, many long-span bridges were constructed in recent years, especially in China. However, these bridges are easily subjected to various damages due to dynamic loads (such as wind-, earthquake-, and vehicle-induced vibration) or environmental factors (such as corrosion). Therefore, structural health monitoring (SHM) is vital to guarantee the safety of bridges in their service lives. With its wide frequency response range, fast response, simple preparation process, ease of processing, low cost, and other advantages, the piezoelectric transducer is commonly employed for the SHM of bridges. This paper summarizes the application of piezoelectric materials for the SHM of bridges, including the monitoring of the concrete strength, bolt looseness, steel corrosion, and grouting density. For each problem, the application of piezoelectric materials in different research methods is described. The related data processing methods for four types of bridge detection are briefly summarized, and the principles of each method in practical application are listed. Finally, issues to be studied when using piezoelectric materials for monitoring are discussed, and future application prospects and development directions are presented.","doi":"10.3390/s18124312","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/64374b004a0dca827d4a81d30b4ede69faa2e06f","result_position":9,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":219938052,"title":"Bolt-Loosening Monitoring Framework Using an Image-Based Deep Learning and Graphical Model","venue":"Italian National Conference on Sensors","year":2020,"authors":["H. Pham","Quoc-Bao Ta","Jeong‐Tae Kim","Duc-Duy Ho","Xuan-Linh Tran","T. Huynh"],"abstract":"In this study, we investigate a novel idea of using synthetic images of bolts which are generated from a graphical model to train a deep learning model for loosened bolt detection. Firstly, a framework for bolt-loosening detection using image-based deep learning and computer graphics is proposed. Next, the feasibility of the proposed framework is demonstrated through the bolt-loosening monitoring of a lab-scaled bolted joint model. For practicality, the proposed idea is evaluated on the real-scale bolted connections of a historical truss bridge in Danang, Vietnam. The results show that the deep learning model trained by the synthesized images can achieve accurate bolt recognitions and looseness detections. The proposed methodology could help to reduce the time and cost associated with the collection of high-quality training data and further accelerate the applicability of vision-based deep learning models trained on synthetic data in practice.","doi":"10.3390/s20123382","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f396a60bd15cedc6eee8beb40ac3e548ff31ce99","result_position":10,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":234379675,"title":"Vision-based inspection of bolted joints: Field evaluation on a historical truss bridge in Vietnam","venue":"Vietnam Journal of Mechanics","year":2020,"authors":["T. Huynh","B. Nguyen","A. Pradhan","Quang Pham"],"abstract":"Vision-based inspection has received significant interests from structural health monitoring and maintenance academia. The vision-based approach has unique advantages over the traditional sensor-based inspection, including non-contact sensing, low cost, simple setup, and being immune to environmental effects. Despite that, the translation of the vision-based inspection to in-service structures in Viet Nam has been limited so far. Herein, the authors examine the field applicability of a vision-based approach for joints monitoring of a historical truss bridge in Vietnam. Firstly, a well-established vision-based bolt-loosening monitoring approach is briefly described. Secondly, a field test on the Nam O bridge (Da Nang City) is performed. A digital camera is used to capture the images of representative bolted joints of the bridge. Lastly, the vision-based approach is applied to monitor the bolted joints. The angle of bolts in the joints is estimated from the captured images, from which the accuracy of the approach is evaluated. This study is one of the first case applications, demonstrating the field applicability of the vision-based bolt-loosening approach for inspecting a real bridge in Vietnam.","doi":"10.15625/0866-7136/15073","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bc9670e04c59c5a9324b5ed7ad0c10aa05732f17","result_position":11,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":270010297,"title":"Mechanical behaviour of bolted connection in bending evaluated with small-scale specimen","venue":"MATEC Web of Conferences","year":2024,"authors":["T. Takai","Shinpei Harakawa"],"abstract":"A tensile experiment is usually adopted to evaluate the mechanical behaviour of bolted connections, such as slip, yield, and ultimate behaviours or resistances. Tensile force is given by a universal test machine. A small-scale specimen of a bolted connection with a few bolts in a half side is used for the experiment. The small-scale experiment gives the mechanical behaviours easily. Tensile force applies to the specimen in the experiment; however, the bolted connection in an actual structure is exposed not only to tensile force but also to shear force or bending moment. In this study, a small-scale bolted connection for a specimen was developed to evaluate the bending behaviour of the bolted connection. The bolted connection was cranked at the centre. The crank is intended to generate the bending moment by the eccentricity of the applying tensile force and the force axis line. The mechanical behaviour of the bolted connection was investigated by finite element analysis. The bending moment is obtained theoretically as a product of the force and the eccentricity. However, the analysis reduced the applied bending moment by 75% from the theoretical value. The cause of the reduction was the support condition at the ends of the bolted connection. In a theoretical pinned supported case, the applied moment was not reduced; on the other hand, in a clamped supported case, which was assumed clamping by chucks in a universal test machine, the applied moment was reduced. From this finding, the behaviour of bolted connection in bending would be obtained in a small-scale experiment; however, the specimen is needed to design considering the support condition at the ends of the specimen.","doi":"10.1051/matecconf/202439605017","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bbb4f66c3fe6c95a65bf86b7c96221cd2b249304","result_position":12,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":244305637,"title":"Research and application of bolt defects detection technology based on machine learning","venue":"Journal of Physics: Conference Series","year":2021,"authors":["Zhidong Yao","Jiaqi Lu","Yesen Liu","Gang Wang"],"abstract":"With the development of computer technology, the technology based on computer machine learning plays an important role in various fields. Using drones for collecting image data and using machine learning to analyze the collected image data have become the current general method of intelligent detection technology. As the main machine learning method, deep learning is commonly used in image analysis, but it requires many high-quality training samples and high-performance embedded system. In the engineering quality and safety detection with few training samples, the detection effect of this method is not satisfactory. To solve this problem, computer vision and machine learning technology are introduced into image analysis of bolt, based on the analysis and mining of historical image samples, the recognition and judgment of new collected images can be realized by matching the newly collected image samples and historical samples. Taking the bolt on a steel structure bridge as an example, this method is used to recognize the bolt appearance image collected by UAV. The results show that the method can effectively identify the appearance state of bolts, with fast calculation speed and high recognition accuracy.","doi":"10.1088/1742-6596/2085/1/012012","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6e64af0f7a798fca8e33e30685088514c51b3a0a","result_position":13,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":234029922,"title":"Slip‐resistant connections in hot‐dip galvanized steel bridge constructions","venue":"Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik","year":2021,"authors":["Anna Schudlich","M. Klein","M. Oechsner","J. Grote","D. Ungermann"],"abstract":"Economic efficiency and sustainability in bridge construction are, in addition to the cost of new building, determined by the incurred maintenance costs. Hot‐dip galvanized bridge constructions can achieve a corrosion protection period in the magnitude of their lifetime (≥ 100 years). Hot‐dip galvanized steel structures are well established and state of the art for public and industrial buildings. Various research projects demonstrate hardly any losses on the fatigue strength compared to the non‐galvanized steel components. Welded site joints of hot‐dip galvanized components require a complex pre‐ and post‐treatment of the corrosion protection. Nevertheless, on‐site applied corrosion protection cannot reach the protection durability of a hot‐dip galvanizing. This technological restriction can be avoided by the use of hot‐dip galvanized bolted connections. Slip‐resistant pre‐stressed connections are proved successful in steel bridge construction. Major scientific investigations are not yet available for the use of slip‐resistant connections for hot‐dip galvanized joints. Technical and scientific foundations for the application of hot‐dip galvanized bolted connections in cyclically loaded steel and composite bridge constructions, based on the European standard for steel constructions, are investigated within the scope of a research project at the MPA. The provision of construction and design recommendations is the goal of this project.","doi":"10.1002/mawe.202000159","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d6a35f3769d125f666cb768868c6d47b49c4b270","result_position":14,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":186494529,"title":"Advanced procedures for design of bolted connections","venue":"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering","year":2018,"authors":["F. Wald","J. Kabeláč","M. Kuříková","Ondřej Perháč","P. Ryjáček","O. Minor","Marcos Bryan Flores Pazmiño","L. Šabatka","D. Kolaja"],"abstract":"Design of bolted slip resistant connection are integral part of design of steel bridges. In recent years, Component Based Finite Element Method (CBFEM) has been increasingly expanding in modelling of structural joints. The proper models of bolts play the major role in prediction of connection stiffness, resistance and deformation capacity. This contribution will describe the influence of pull and shear interaction for correct design of a group of bolts. The second part will be focussed to an advanced model of slip resistance bolts. The last chapter presents the advantages of procedure on examples of various bridge connection, which design was supported by CBFEM.","doi":"10.1088/1757-899X/419/1/012044","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/873aaa58c0a289e7f310211d71647034d4632973","result_position":15,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":36521104,"title":"Image-based Bolt-loosening Detection Technique of Bolt Joint in Steel Bridges","venue":"","year":2015,"authors":["J. Park","T. H. Kim","J. T. Kim"],"abstract":null,"doi":"","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/64a900c07fdfdb2a264b6a9d4d5032fe697b275d","result_position":16,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":235681034,"title":"Research on identification and monitoring method of bolt connection loosening based on piezoresistive effect","venue":"","year":2021,"authors":["Liu Xuezhi"],"abstract":"Bolted connection is commonly used in the joint connection of engineering structures, and its connection reliability plays an important role in ensuring the service performance of engineering structures. In complex service environment, bolt connection is easy to loose. In order to identify and monitor bolt connection looseness, a bolt looseness monitoring device based on piezoresistive effect is designed and manufactured in this paper. The feasibility of the device is verified through flange bolt looseness identification test. The results show that the monitoring device can effectively identify the minor bolt loosening damage, and the identification results have good stability, and the bolt loosening can be deduced based on the variation of the conductance value. The bolting connection loosening monitoring method based on piezoresistivity effect proposed in this paper can provide a reference for the identification and monitoring of bolt loosening.","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/791/1/012058","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/35de2c69250fb11385c7e2db1c03f2b5641bf123","result_position":17,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":219503815,"title":"Bolt connection performance post fire in steel bridges","venue":"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering","year":2020,"authors":["R. Gunadi","M. Moeljono","F. Igustiany","N. Hasan"],"abstract":"Fire events reduce the strength of the steel structure on the bridge and can cause collapse which results in losses, so it is necessary to consider the effects of fire when planning construction. Considering that the joints affect the performance of steel structures, the results of research on the performance of steel beams need to be augmented by testing the post-fire girder bridge bolt connection performance. Structural tests will be carried out on six specimens of bridge steel beam elements with high quality bolt connections in the center of the beam with sliding type bolt connections. Two control specimen beams were tested with shear loads without combustion. Two specimens with temperature of 700°C and 900°C with different torque bond variables. From the displacement control test using UTM on six specimens, it will be known the performance of each type of connection by evaluating changes in carrying capacity, stiffness, deflection capacity, ductility, and stress-strain capacity due to the influence of temperature acting during the fire process. The results can prove which type of bolt connection is better for use on bridges with fire risk.","doi":"10.1088/1757-899X/830/2/022052","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f8e53cd3abe7c923ce3903704590897b373600ab","result_position":18,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":234091676,"title":"Condition Assessment of Joints in Steel Truss Bridges Using a Probabilistic Neural Network and Finite Element Model Updating","venue":"Sustainability","year":2021,"authors":["J. Zhan","Chuang Wang","Z. Fang"],"abstract":"The condition of joints in steel truss bridges is critical to railway operational safety. The available methods for the quantitative assessment of different types of joint damage are, however, very limited. This paper numerically investigates the feasibility of using a probabilistic neural network (PNN) and a finite element (FE) model updating technique to assess the condition of joints in steel truss bridges. A two-step identification procedure is developed to achieve damage localization and severity assessment. A series of FE models with single or multiple damages are simulated to generate the training and testing data samples and validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The influence of noise on the identification accuracy is also evaluated. The results show that the change rate of modal curvature (CRMC) can be used as a damage-sensitive input of the PNN and the accuracy of preliminary damage localization can exceed 90% when suitable training patterns are utilized. Damaged members can be localized in the correct substructure even with noise contamination. The FE model updating method used can effectively quantify the joint deterioration severity and is robust to noise.","doi":"10.3390/SU13031474","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a6ee831ced2fbff3e0d4f76aafa2d360ef5fb455","result_position":19,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":236562397,"title":"Detection of Bolt Looseness Based on Average Autocorrelation Function","venue":"","year":2021,"authors":["Jigang Wu","Jun Shao","Gen Zhou","Deqiang Yang","Yuan Cheng"],"abstract":"Bolted connections are widely used in multiple engineering fields including aerospace and mechanical engineering due to their numerous advantages like the ability to bear relatively heavy loads, low costs, easy installation, and implementation. Bolt looseness may lead to costly disasters in industries and some cases of injuries. A new method for bolt looseness detection based on average autocorrelation function is proposed. It does not usually directly extract the looseness damage feature from the original response signal to detect the bolt looseness, but it uses the average autocorrelation function value at time lag T = 0 of the vibration pixel displacement signal to establish the looseness damage index. In terms of structural arrangement of this paper, firstly, the theoretical background of the proposed method is given. Then, an experimental system for bolt looseness detection based on computer vision is designed, and a verification experiment is carried out with the bolted connection plate as the experimental object. The results show that the proposed method can effectively obtain the location of the looseness damage of the bolted connection plate, which provides a new technical reference for the online monitoring of the looseness damage of bolted connection plate.","doi":"10.1155/2021/6662686","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a1e7a2e0c97b0003eb20d95ab943d779eb09a03d","result_position":20,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":272099978,"title":"Early Bolt Loosening Detection Method Based on Digital Image Correlation","venue":"Italian National Conference on Sensors","year":2024,"authors":["Yinyin Li","Yusen Wu","Kang Gao","Huiyuan Yang"],"abstract":"Bolt loosening can significantly impact the accuracy, stability, and safety of equipment. The detection of bolt loosening in a timely manner is crucial for ensuring the safety, reliability, performance, and service life of equipment, structures, and systems. Various methods exist for detecting bolt loosening, such as strain gauges and ultrasonic waves. However, these technologies have some limitations that impede their widespread application. In this paper, for the high-pressure pipe manifolds that may experience leakage accidents due to the loosening of bolts, an early bolt loosening detection method based on digital image correlation is proposed. Initially, a model is established through tensile tests to relate the average strain on the side of the bolt head to the axial force. Subsequently, an industrial camera captures images of bolts with random speckles under operational conditions. Using digital image correlation technology, the average strain in a specific region on the side of the bolt head is calculated. By integrating the average strain into the established relationship model between the average strain and axial force, the axial force of the bolt under operational conditions can be predicted, enabling the early assessment of bolt loosening. The findings show that the average strain on the side of the bolt head increases proportionally with the axial force, indicating a strong linear relationship. This method enables accurate prediction of the bolt’s axial force, offering a new approach for identifying the early loosening of bolts in high-pressure manifolds and monitoring structural health.","doi":"10.3390/s24165397","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ca946970c29c76a96313e8b412d876e55e429dee","result_position":21,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":246655737,"title":"Vibration-Based Loosening Detection of a Multi-Bolt Structure Using Machine Learning Algorithms","venue":"Italian National Conference on Sensors","year":2022,"authors":["O. Eraliev","Kwang-Hee Lee","Chul-Hee Lee"],"abstract":"Since artificial intelligence (AI) was introduced into engineering fields, it has made many breakthroughs. Machine learning (ML) algorithms have been very commonly used in structural health monitoring (SHM) systems in the last decade. In this study, a vibration-based early stage of bolt loosening detection and identification technique is proposed using ML algorithms, for a motor fastened with four bolts (M8 × 1.5) to a stationary support. First, several cases with fastened and loosened bolts were established, and the motor was operated in three different types of working condition (800 rpm, 1000 rpm, and 1200 rpm), in order to obtain enough vibration data. Second, for feature extraction of the dataset, the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) method was performed. Third, different types of classifier of ML were trained, and a new test dataset was applied to evaluate the performance of the classifiers. Finally, the classifier with the greatest accuracy was identified. The test results showed that the capability of the classifier was satisfactory for detecting bolt loosening and identifying which bolt or bolts started to lose their preload in each working condition. The identified classifier will be implemented for online monitoring of the early stage of bolt loosening of a multi-bolt structure in future works.","doi":"10.3390/s22031210","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8a9c8d622d5063d3ce0b6d0ca9298b7376b7a0b9","result_position":22,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":38678292,"title":"EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE FOR SLIP FACTOR DETERMINING AT CONNECTIONS WITH PRELOADED BOLTS","venue":"","year":2014,"authors":["Marina Poposka","Borjan Petreski","P. Cvetanovski","Denis Popovski"],"abstract":"This article presents the advantages of using preloaded bolts in connections of steel structures. First we discussed the main differences between preloaded bolts and shear bolts. Then we explained the categories of shear connections and the categories of friction surfaces, along with their associated surface preparation and slip factor. To connect theory and codes with experiment, we showed the basic expressions used to calculate the design resistance of preloaded bolts and compared the design resistance of shear bolts. The slip factor was tested according to EN 1090-2:2008, Annex G, for two series of specimens, identical to those used in bridges in the Republic of Albania.","doi":"10.13167/2014.8.5","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/183f4b702c56e43d7551df79e1d757a3fdbd32e5","result_position":23,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":250505868,"title":"Vision-Based Detection of Bolt Loosening Using YOLOv5","venue":"Italian National Conference on Sensors","year":2022,"authors":["Yuhang Sun","Mengxuan Li","Ruiwen Dong","Weiyu Chen","Dong Jiang"],"abstract":"Bolted connections have been widely applied in engineering structures, loosening will happen when bolted connections are subjected to continuous cyclic load, and a significant rotation between the nut and the bolt can be observed. Combining deep learning with machine vision, a bolt loosening detection method based on the fifth version of You Only Look Once (YOLOv5) is proposed, and the rotation of the nut is identified to detect the bolt loosening. Two different circular markers are added to the bolt and the nut separately, and then YOLOv5 is used to identify the circular markers, and the rotation angle of the nut against the bolt is calculated according to the center coordinate of each predicted box. A bolted connection structure is adopted to illustrate the effectiveness of the method. First, 200 images containing bolts and circular markers are collected to make the dataset, which is divided into a training set, verification set and test set. Second, YOLOv5 is used to train the model; the precision rate and recall rate are respectively 99.8% and 100%. Finally, the robustness of the proposed method in different shooting environments is verified by changing the shooting distance, shooting angle and light condition. When using this method to detect the bolt loosening angle, the minimum identifiable angle is 1°, and the maximum detection error is 5.91% when the camera is tilted 45°. The experimental results show that the proposed method can detect the loosening angle of the bolted connection with high accuracy; especially, the tiny angle of bolt loosening can be identified. Even under some difficult shooting conditions, the method still works. The early stage of bolt loosening can be detected by measuring the rotation angle of the nut against the bolt.","doi":"10.3390/s22145184","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8628f498b651ba9142986ff8f46fca25e5ffa666","result_position":24,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":235444483,"title":"Monitoring of the Looseness in Cargo Bolts under Random Excitation Based on Vibration Transmissibility","venue":"","year":2021,"authors":["G. Dong","Jin Chen","Fagang Zhao"],"abstract":"Bolted joints are widely used in industrial applications and joint failure can cause a disastrous accident if loosening happens. Bolt loosening detection can be made by regular manual inspection or by using sensors based on different physical principles, such as acoustoelastic effect, piezoelectric active sensing, and electromechanical impedance. Compared with the above methods, vibration based bolt looseness monitoring using accelerometers is appealing for its economy and convenience for measurement. In this paper, cargo bolts looseness monitoring under random excitation is studied based on vibration transmissibility, which overcomes the drawback of commonly used vibration methods in finding local bolt looseness. Vibration transmissibility analysis only uses two vibration transducers to monitor bolt group looseness, where the vibration signal below the cargo bolts is used as the “input” and the other one above the cargo bolts is used as the “output.” There are 12 bolts in the cargo bolts studied in this paper, providing an essential clamping force to fix cargo during transportation. Six kinds of bolt group looseness with an increasing degree are simulated in the experiment. The experimental analysis shows that variation of the spectral moment can be used to monitor the global variation of the torque wrench exerted on the cargo bolts. The early stage of the bolt group looseness is that some one or two bolts begin to loose; however, the spectrum moment factor is insensitive to the local bolt looseness in the bolt group. To address this issue, the eigensystem realization algorithm (ERA) based on random input and output is utilized to find the subtle eigenvalue variation of the system matrix, which is neglected by the frequency transmissibility function. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method for detecting local bolt looseness.","doi":"10.1155/2021/8841940","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a0f29703ed6e98d338cca1c8230ed6ee3851df7c","result_position":25,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":221844278,"title":"Artificial Intelligence-Based Bolt Loosening Diagnosis Using Deep Learning Algorithms for Laser Ultrasonic Wave Propagation Data","venue":"Italian National Conference on Sensors","year":2020,"authors":["D. Tran","Ju-Won Kim","K. D. Tola","Wonkyu Kim","S. Park"],"abstract":"The application of deep learning (DL) algorithms to non-destructive evaluation (NDE) is now becoming one of the most attractive topics in this field. As a contribution to such research, this study aims to investigate the application of DL algorithms for detecting and estimating the looseness in bolted joints using a laser ultrasonic technique. This research was conducted based on a hypothesis regarding the relationship between the true contact area of the bolt head-plate and the guided wave energy lost while the ultrasonic waves pass through it. First, a Q-switched Nd:YAG pulsed laser and an acoustic emission sensor were used as exciting and sensing ultrasonic signals, respectively. Then, a 3D full-field ultrasonic data set was created using an ultrasonic wave propagation imaging (UWPI) process, after which several signal processing techniques were applied to generate the processed data. By using a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) with a VGG-like architecture based regression model, the estimated error was calculated to compare the performance of a DCNN on different processed data set. The proposed approach was also compared with a K-nearest neighbor, support vector regression, and deep artificial neural network for regression to demonstrate its robustness. Consequently, it was found that the proposed approach shows potential for the incorporation of laser-generated ultrasound and DL algorithms. In addition, the signal processing technique has been shown to have an important impact on the DL performance for automatic looseness estimation.","doi":"10.3390/s20185329","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/460f924b80e9583208c9223363d441bcda580109","result_position":26,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":271734333,"title":"Research on a Method for Classifying Bolt Corrosion Based on an Acoustic Emission Sensor System","venue":"Italian National Conference on Sensors","year":2024,"authors":["Shuyi Di","Yin Wu","Yanyi Liu"],"abstract":"High-strength bolts play a crucial role in ultra-high-pressure equipment such as bridges and railway tracks. Effective monitoring of bolt conditions is of paramount importance for common fault repair and accident prevention. This paper aims to detect and classify bolt corrosion levels accurately. We design and implement a bolt corrosion classification system based on a Wireless Acoustic Emission Sensor Network (WASN). Initially, WASN nodes collect high-speed acoustic emission (AE) signals from bolts. Then, the ReliefF feature selection algorithm is applied to identify the optimal feature combination. Subsequently, the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) model is utilized for bolt corrosion classification. Additionally, to achieve high prediction accuracy, an improved goose algorithm (GOOSE) is employed to ensure the most suitable parameter combination for the ELM model. Experimental measurements were conducted on five classes of bolt corrosion levels: 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The classification accuracy obtained using the proposed method was at least 98.04%. Compared to state-of-the-art classification diagnostic models, our approach exhibits superior AE signal recognition performance and stronger generalization ability to adapt to variations in working conditions.","doi":"10.3390/s24155047","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dd17f76a48ed564a26b23107158813a409c07aad","result_position":27,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":261692529,"title":"Fatigue performance of preloaded bolted connection with oversized holes","venue":"ce/papers","year":2023,"authors":["Angeliki Christoforidou","Abishek Baskar","Eric Barelts","F. Kavoura","Marko Pavlović"],"abstract":"Moving towards a more sustainable and circular infrastructure has increased the demand for demountable connectors in hybrid structures combining steel, concrete, and nowadays FRP composite components. Large, prefabricated components need to be transported to the construction site and assembled by means of bolted connections for easy reuse of the components. Slip‐resistant connections are required for such hybrid structures in bridges, which are usually provided by injection or preloaded bolts. The former satisfies the need for large tolerances during execution. However, the behavior of such injection bolts depends on the environmental conditions and the resin complicates the installation and demountability. The current practice of preloaded bolts uses standard hole clearances that do not provide sufficient tolerance for the assembly of large structural components made of different materials and many connectors. This paper focuses on the fatigue performance of preloaded bolted connections with excessively oversized holes that could provide sufficient tolerance for execution. Double lap bolted joints for two different bolt‐hole diameters, regular and 60 mm oversized, are tested under cyclic loading and the increase in slip displacement during the load cycles is compared. The static performance is numerically obtained in terms of residual stiffness, slip and ultimate resistance. It was found the stiffness variation between normal holes and significantly oversized holes is insignificant.","doi":"10.1002/cepa.2447","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ea8fd12ac4902d6d58667c2ef81c7826fbf750fa","result_position":28,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":249182665,"title":"Connections of Steel Girders with End Plates and Partially Prestressed Bolts","venue":"Romanian Journal of Transport Infrastructure","year":2021,"authors":["Ș. Guțiu","C. Moga","A. Danciu"],"abstract":"Abstract The connections with end plates and bolts can be used in steel bridge structures, or joining the decking beams, which can lead to very simple and economical constructive solutions. The paper presents some theoretical aspects concerning the behavior and calculation of the end plate connections which is partially pre-tensioned by high-strength bolts, and supplementary a welded cover plate is added to the tensioned flange of the plate girder. In the case of connections subjected to tension forces, it is not recommended to prestress the bolts as much as is the case when the joints are subjected only to shear because live loads can lead to the overloading of the bolts; the overload is a function of the relative stiffness of the end plate and of the bolts. The additional welded splice at the tension flange contributes to the transfer of the large tension stresses from the extreme bolts to the welded cover plate, resulting in a significantly reduced joint assembly loading and an increased load-bearing capacity. The paper includes a numerical example highlighting the influence of the stiffness of the joint elements and of the welded splice-plate on the joint loading, considering its pre-tensioning effect from the cooling contraction of the longitudinal welding fillets.","doi":"10.2478/rjti-2021-0009","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3c6dfeff38d849303158a74151327fe870795557","result_position":29,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":116759476,"title":"The particular challenges of expansion joint installation in steel bridges – Case studies","venue":"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering","year":2018,"authors":["David Jelínek","N. Meng","C. O''Suilleabhain"],"abstract":"How a bridge’s expansion joints are connected to the main structure is an important detail, with relevance not only for ease of installation and replacement but also for durability and long-term performance. In the case of steel bridges - or more accurately expressed, in the case of connection to steel surfaces - the challenges tend to be greater than with concreted connections. With steel connections, special attention is required in the design of the expansion joints, and considerably more effort and precision is required on site during installation work. This paper shall describe the particular challenges, and illustrate these, and ways of addressing them, with reference to steel bridge construction and renovation projects.","doi":"10.1088/1757-899X/419/1/012017","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/16a90047ee5e9dd300c5c4ced6c8f54bee523426","result_position":30,"is_clicked":false}],"string":"[\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 235591286,\n \"title\": \"Structural health monitoring of splice joint in a steel beam\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Aastha\",\n \"R. Singh\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Nowadays, steel sections are extensively used in various constructions because of its lesser erection time and higher reliability. These members are connected either by welding or bolts. As time goes on, the structure degrades due to various reasons. In our study, the degradation of joints with bolted connections is presented. In reality, joints are damaged frequently when compared to the other parts of the structure. As bridges are generally of long spans, splicing is done to ensure the continuity of the spans and this splicing is done with the help of welding or bolts. Loosening of bolts is the most common damage that occurs in bolts, making the joint act like a semi-rigid joint. We have considered a bridge model consisting of two beams connected by splicing with bolts’ help, and this entire modelling is done in ABAQUS 6.13. Our intention to study the behaviour of the joint in both damaged and undamaged case. Loosening of bolts is considered as damage, and deflection of the joint is considered as the extent of the damage. We have performed a static analysis of the model. Theoretical validation is also done by developing an elemental stiffness matrix with semi-rigid connections using fixity factors.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1088/1757-899X/1136/1/012003\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/420084e33887c4100cfc8fc5627923f60db9d830\",\n \"result_position\": 0,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 187406220,\n \"title\": \"Simple analysis on failure of high strength bolts in Chongqing Chaotianmen Bridge\",\n \"venue\": \"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Wen\",\n \"Zheng Li\",\n \"Tao Hu\",\n \"Lang Liu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"From 2009 to 2012, 14 failure high strength bolts were found in Chaotianmen Bridge,and 11 bolts were collected on site, of which 8 bolts were pitted and rusted. The chemical composition, metallographic structure, hardness and other mechanical properties of these 11 bolts were analyzed and tested to explore the reasons for fracture failure of high strength bolts. The results show that six failure high strength bolts` HRC values are of 40, 40.5 and 43 (4 bolts), which does not meet the technical requirement of GB/T1231-2006, and the unqualified rate accounts for 54.5%. Tempered martensite, which belongs to brittle structure, was detected in metallographic structure in samples with unqualified hardness. The failure of high strength bolts is not only related to the unqualified metallographic structure, but also related to the construction processs, operating environment and other aspects. Especially the influence of environmental corrosion on the quality, micro-structure and mechanical properties of high strength bolts should be paid more attention by bridge managers. It is necessary to further explore and clarify the influence of environmental factors on the corrosion fracture of high strength bolts and its mechanism, so as to provide a basis for the measures taken to prevent the breakage of high strength bolts.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1088/1757-899X/439/4/042060\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4445404a0d762260e2c08acf317e918e616e0d3f\",\n \"result_position\": 1,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 202745928,\n \"title\": \"Behavior of an Advanced Bolted Shear Connector in Prefabricated Steel-Concrete Composite Beams\",\n \"venue\": \"Materials\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jun Chen\",\n \"Wei Wang\",\n \"F. Ding\",\n \"P. Xiang\",\n \"Yufan Yu\",\n \"Xue-mei Liu\",\n \"Fu Xu\",\n \"C. Yang\",\n \"S. Long\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The high-strength bolt shear connector in prefabricated concrete slab has advantages in applications as it reduces time during the construction of steel-concrete composite building structures and bridges. In this research, an innovative and advanced bolt shear connector in steel-concrete composite structures is proposed. To investigate the fundamental mechanical behavior and the damage form, 22 static push-off tests were conducted with consideration of different bolt dimensions, the reserved hole constraint condition, and the dimension of slab holes. A finite element (FE) model was established and verified by using test results, and then the model was utilized to investigate the influence of concrete strength, bolt dimension, yield strength, bolt pretension, as well as length-to-diameter ratio of high strength bolts on the performances of shear connectors. On the basis of FE simulation and test results, new design formulas for the calculation of shear resistance behavior were proposed, and comparisons were made with current standards, including AISC, EN 1994-1-1, GB 50017-2017, and relevant references, to check the calculation efficiency. It is confirmed that the proposed equation is in better agreement with the experimental results.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/ma12182958\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4c50c0a615c72d045804e5702de10c40498d8ca2\",\n \"result_position\": 2,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 255330284,\n \"title\": \"State-of-the-art and annual progress of bridge engineering in 2021\",\n \"venue\": \"Advances in Bridge Engineering\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"R. Zhao\",\n \"Kaifeng Zheng\",\n \"Xing Wei\",\n \"Hong-yu Jia\",\n \"Xiaozhen Li\",\n \"Qinghua Zhang\",\n \"Guoji Xu\",\n \"Y. Zhan\",\n \"Ruili Shen\",\n \"Fang Zhang\",\n \"Q. Pu\",\n \"Hongye Gou\",\n \"Chuanjin Yu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Bridge construction is one of the cores of traffic infrastructure construction. To better develop relevant bridge science, this paper introduces the main research progress in China and abroad in 2021 from 12 aspects. The content consists of four parts in 12 aspects. The first part is about the bridge structure and analysis theories, including concrete bridge and high-performance materials, steel bridges, composite girders and cable-supported bridge analysis theories. The second part is about the bridge disaster prevention and mitigation, including bridge seismic resistance, vibration and noise reduction of rail transit bridges, monitoring and detection of steel bridge, hydrodynamics of coastal bridges, and durability of the concrete bridge under the complex environmental conditions. The last part is concerning the bridge emerging technologies, including bridge assessment and reinforcement, the technology in bridge structure test and intelligent construction and safe operation and maintenance of bridges.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1186/s43251-022-00070-1\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5e6f934290f43beb201bec80e518fd5a48ec5ab5\",\n \"result_position\": 3,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 259029586,\n \"title\": \"Characteristics of Corrosion Products of Friction-Type High-Strength Bolted Joints of Steel Bridge: A Case Study\",\n \"venue\": \"Coatings\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Gangnian Xu\",\n \"Wenpeng Xu\",\n \"Xu Dong\",\n \"Shengwei Fan\",\n \"Xianggang Wang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The contact surface corrosion of friction high-strength bolt (FHSB) joints was analyzed to examine the characteristics of corrosion products and influence factors in steel bridges. Samples were selected from the Dongying Shengli Yellow River Bridge, which has been in service for 33 years. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were utilized to analyze the microscopic morphology and chemical composition of the corroded surface of the samples. The study identifies that construction quality issues accelerate corrosion of the contact surface and that the contact surface of the aluminum spraying layer transforms from rugged and dense to smooth and porous as corrosion increases. The findings also suggest that the friction coefficient of the FHSB connection node initially decreases and then increases as the corroded surface changes. Corrosion products contained S, Cl, Mn, Si, FeS, and their oxides, indicating that atmospheric, industrial, and Yellow River soil environments contribute to joint corrosion. The study proposes sandblasting and coating the corroded contact surface and deck steel plate with inorganic zinc-rich paint to prevent media penetration and delay substrate corrosion. Adopting ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) as the deck structure is also recommended to reduce top plate tensile stress, deck cracking, and media invasion. This study provides insights into the characteristics and mechanisms of FHSB joint corrosion to aid the maintenance, repair, and protection of steel bridges.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/coatings13061023\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f86959e6478ddb304b30a2a1623feca10232798b\",\n \"result_position\": 4,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 243952795,\n \"title\": \"Computer Vision-Based Detection for Delayed Fracture of Bolts in Steel Bridges\",\n \"venue\": \"J. Sensors\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jing Zhou\",\n \"L. Huo\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The delayed fracture of high-strength bolts occurs frequently in the bolt connections of long-span steel bridges. This phenomenon can threaten the safety of structures and even lead to serious accidents in certain cases. However, the manual inspection commonly used in engineering to detect the fractured bolts is time-consuming and inconvenient. Therefore, a computer vision-based inspection approach is proposed in this paper to rapidly and automatically detect the fractured bolts. The proposed approach is realized by a convolutional neural network- (CNN-) based deep learning algorithm, the third version of You Only Look Once (YOLOv3). A challenge for the detector training using YOLOv3 is that only limited amounts of images of the fractured bolts are available in practice. To address this challenge, five data augmentation methods are introduced to produce more labeled images, including brightness transformation, Gaussian blur, flipping, perspective transformation, and scaling. Six YOLOv3 neural networks are trained using six different augmented training sets, and then, the performance of each detector is tested on the same testing set to compare the effectiveness of different augmentation methods. The highest average precision (AP) of the trained detectors is 89.14% when the intersection over union (IOU) threshold is set to 0.5. The practicality and robustness of the proposed method are further demonstrated on images that were never used in the training and testing of the detector. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can quickly and automatically detect the delayed fracture of high-strength bolts.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1155/2021/8325398\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6a90f50ffe728ca82e2a05427f3d8cbde6faabb8\",\n \"result_position\": 5,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 52071024,\n \"title\": \"Preload Monitoring in Bolted Connection Using Piezoelectric-Based Smart Interface\",\n \"venue\": \"Italian National Conference on Sensors\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"T. Huynh\",\n \"Ngoc‐Loi Dang\",\n \"Jeong‐Tae Kim\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In this study, a preload monitoring method using impedance signatures obtained from a piezoelectric-based smart interface is presented for bolted girder connections. Firstly, the background theory of the piezoelectric-based smart interface and its implementation into the health monitoring of bolted connections are outlined. A simplified electro-mechanical (EM) impedance model of a smart interface-embedded bolted connection system is formulated to interpret a mechanistic understanding of the EM impedance signatures under the effect of bolt preload. Secondly, finite element modeling of a bolted connection is carried out to show the numerical feasibility of the presented method, and to predetermine the sensitive frequency band of the impedance signatures. Finally, impedance measurements are conducted on a lab-scaled bolted girder connection, to verify the predetermined sensitive frequency range and to assess the bolt preload changes in the test structure.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/s18092766\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b8b1165633cdf8a7de1898ca6bf0d3b1c458fd6b\",\n \"result_position\": 6,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 258926545,\n \"title\": \"Computer Vision-Based Autonomous Method for Quantitative Detection of Loose Bolts in Bolted Connections of Steel Structures\",\n \"venue\": \"Structural Control & Health Monitoring\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Wulve Lao\",\n \"Chuang Cui\",\n \"Dengke Zhang\",\n \"Qing-hua Zhang\",\n \"Yihengu Bao\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In this study, an autonomous computer vision-based method is presented to quantitatively detect loose bolts. The method integrates keypoint detection via YOLOv5 and PIPNet, distortion correction via perspective transformation, and rotation angles quantification via geometric imaging. Distortion correction is incorporated to address skewed angles and improve the accuracy of rotation angles. A representative experiment on bolted connection of steel structures is conducted to evaluate the presented approach. The effects of the focal distance, skewed angle, and lighting conditions on the detection and quantification performance are evaluated by varying the imaging conditions. The results demonstrate that the presented approach automatically detects all bolts and their corners, irrespective of the imaging conditions. No false detection occurs, and the quantification errors are lower than 1°. The proposed method can be deployed for automatic detection of loose bolts and quantification of rotation angles in bolted connections under different imaging conditions.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1155/2023/8817058\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ee319c4053f771bc8daf6c7d4228dc51aee96081\",\n \"result_position\": 7,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 55782032,\n \"title\": \"Bolted Joints in Fibre Reinforced Polymer Bridges\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jawed Quresh\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Use of fibre reinforced polymer is becoming increasingly popular in FRP bridges. FRP offers high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion and chemical resistance, and fast deployability. A major issue in its wider applicability is lack of understanding of joints. This paper presents a review of mechanical connection methods for FRP bridges. Slip and fatigue resistance are critical to any bridge design. While conventional methods of fitted bolts, rivets and high strength friction bolts are not suitable for FRP joints due to viscoelastic nature of the material, injection bolts offer cheap, convenient and reliable method of joining for FRP bridges. Injection bolts have been used in the past to repair old steel bridges. Inspiration is taken from these old steel bridges to see its potential in FRP bridges. The behaviour of resin injected bolted joints is tested in three stages: quality control tests, static creep tests and fatigue tests. Research shows that FRP joints with resin injected bolts have a promise in terms of achieving slip and fatigue resistance. Joints with injection bolts can withstand as much as 60% of the failure load applied in 4 million cycles. This proves that resin injected bolted joints can achieve comparable slip and fatigue resistance as high strength friction bolted joints. However, majority of research data is limited to testing single or double lap shear joints. More experimental and numerical research is needed to extend the characterisation of these joints to all FRP bridge components.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.31031/RDMS.2018.06.000634\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c33b4c11a1a18e37852efdf8d4378f3bcd12e0a2\",\n \"result_position\": 8,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 56485361,\n \"title\": \"Advances in the Structural Health Monitoring of Bridges Using Piezoelectric Transducers\",\n \"venue\": \"Italian National Conference on Sensors\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yunzhu Chen\",\n \"X. Xue\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"With the rapid development of the world’s transportation infrastructure, many long-span bridges were constructed in recent years, especially in China. However, these bridges are easily subjected to various damages due to dynamic loads (such as wind-, earthquake-, and vehicle-induced vibration) or environmental factors (such as corrosion). Therefore, structural health monitoring (SHM) is vital to guarantee the safety of bridges in their service lives. With its wide frequency response range, fast response, simple preparation process, ease of processing, low cost, and other advantages, the piezoelectric transducer is commonly employed for the SHM of bridges. This paper summarizes the application of piezoelectric materials for the SHM of bridges, including the monitoring of the concrete strength, bolt looseness, steel corrosion, and grouting density. For each problem, the application of piezoelectric materials in different research methods is described. The related data processing methods for four types of bridge detection are briefly summarized, and the principles of each method in practical application are listed. Finally, issues to be studied when using piezoelectric materials for monitoring are discussed, and future application prospects and development directions are presented.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/s18124312\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/64374b004a0dca827d4a81d30b4ede69faa2e06f\",\n \"result_position\": 9,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 219938052,\n \"title\": \"Bolt-Loosening Monitoring Framework Using an Image-Based Deep Learning and Graphical Model\",\n \"venue\": \"Italian National Conference on Sensors\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"H. Pham\",\n \"Quoc-Bao Ta\",\n \"Jeong‐Tae Kim\",\n \"Duc-Duy Ho\",\n \"Xuan-Linh Tran\",\n \"T. Huynh\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In this study, we investigate a novel idea of using synthetic images of bolts which are generated from a graphical model to train a deep learning model for loosened bolt detection. Firstly, a framework for bolt-loosening detection using image-based deep learning and computer graphics is proposed. Next, the feasibility of the proposed framework is demonstrated through the bolt-loosening monitoring of a lab-scaled bolted joint model. For practicality, the proposed idea is evaluated on the real-scale bolted connections of a historical truss bridge in Danang, Vietnam. The results show that the deep learning model trained by the synthesized images can achieve accurate bolt recognitions and looseness detections. The proposed methodology could help to reduce the time and cost associated with the collection of high-quality training data and further accelerate the applicability of vision-based deep learning models trained on synthetic data in practice.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/s20123382\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f396a60bd15cedc6eee8beb40ac3e548ff31ce99\",\n \"result_position\": 10,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 234379675,\n \"title\": \"Vision-based inspection of bolted joints: Field evaluation on a historical truss bridge in Vietnam\",\n \"venue\": \"Vietnam Journal of Mechanics\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"T. Huynh\",\n \"B. Nguyen\",\n \"A. Pradhan\",\n \"Quang Pham\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Vision-based inspection has received significant interests from structural health monitoring and maintenance academia. The vision-based approach has unique advantages over the traditional sensor-based inspection, including non-contact sensing, low cost, simple setup, and being immune to environmental effects. Despite that, the translation of the vision-based inspection to in-service structures in Viet Nam has been limited so far. Herein, the authors examine the field applicability of a vision-based approach for joints monitoring of a historical truss bridge in Vietnam. Firstly, a well-established vision-based bolt-loosening monitoring approach is briefly described. Secondly, a field test on the Nam O bridge (Da Nang City) is performed. A digital camera is used to capture the images of representative bolted joints of the bridge. Lastly, the vision-based approach is applied to monitor the bolted joints. The angle of bolts in the joints is estimated from the captured images, from which the accuracy of the approach is evaluated. This study is one of the first case applications, demonstrating the field applicability of the vision-based bolt-loosening approach for inspecting a real bridge in Vietnam.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.15625/0866-7136/15073\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bc9670e04c59c5a9324b5ed7ad0c10aa05732f17\",\n \"result_position\": 11,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 270010297,\n \"title\": \"Mechanical behaviour of bolted connection in bending evaluated with small-scale specimen\",\n \"venue\": \"MATEC Web of Conferences\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"T. Takai\",\n \"Shinpei Harakawa\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"A tensile experiment is usually adopted to evaluate the mechanical behaviour of bolted connections, such as slip, yield, and ultimate behaviours or resistances. Tensile force is given by a universal test machine. A small-scale specimen of a bolted connection with a few bolts in a half side is used for the experiment. The small-scale experiment gives the mechanical behaviours easily. Tensile force applies to the specimen in the experiment; however, the bolted connection in an actual structure is exposed not only to tensile force but also to shear force or bending moment. In this study, a small-scale bolted connection for a specimen was developed to evaluate the bending behaviour of the bolted connection. The bolted connection was cranked at the centre. The crank is intended to generate the bending moment by the eccentricity of the applying tensile force and the force axis line. The mechanical behaviour of the bolted connection was investigated by finite element analysis. The bending moment is obtained theoretically as a product of the force and the eccentricity. However, the analysis reduced the applied bending moment by 75% from the theoretical value. The cause of the reduction was the support condition at the ends of the bolted connection. In a theoretical pinned supported case, the applied moment was not reduced; on the other hand, in a clamped supported case, which was assumed clamping by chucks in a universal test machine, the applied moment was reduced. From this finding, the behaviour of bolted connection in bending would be obtained in a small-scale experiment; however, the specimen is needed to design considering the support condition at the ends of the specimen.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1051/matecconf/202439605017\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bbb4f66c3fe6c95a65bf86b7c96221cd2b249304\",\n \"result_position\": 12,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 244305637,\n \"title\": \"Research and application of bolt defects detection technology based on machine learning\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Physics: Conference Series\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Zhidong Yao\",\n \"Jiaqi Lu\",\n \"Yesen Liu\",\n \"Gang Wang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"With the development of computer technology, the technology based on computer machine learning plays an important role in various fields. Using drones for collecting image data and using machine learning to analyze the collected image data have become the current general method of intelligent detection technology. As the main machine learning method, deep learning is commonly used in image analysis, but it requires many high-quality training samples and high-performance embedded system. In the engineering quality and safety detection with few training samples, the detection effect of this method is not satisfactory. To solve this problem, computer vision and machine learning technology are introduced into image analysis of bolt, based on the analysis and mining of historical image samples, the recognition and judgment of new collected images can be realized by matching the newly collected image samples and historical samples. Taking the bolt on a steel structure bridge as an example, this method is used to recognize the bolt appearance image collected by UAV. The results show that the method can effectively identify the appearance state of bolts, with fast calculation speed and high recognition accuracy.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1088/1742-6596/2085/1/012012\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6e64af0f7a798fca8e33e30685088514c51b3a0a\",\n \"result_position\": 13,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 234029922,\n \"title\": \"Slip‐resistant connections in hot‐dip galvanized steel bridge constructions\",\n \"venue\": \"Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Anna Schudlich\",\n \"M. Klein\",\n \"M. Oechsner\",\n \"J. Grote\",\n \"D. Ungermann\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Economic efficiency and sustainability in bridge construction are, in addition to the cost of new building, determined by the incurred maintenance costs. Hot‐dip galvanized bridge constructions can achieve a corrosion protection period in the magnitude of their lifetime (≥ 100 years). Hot‐dip galvanized steel structures are well established and state of the art for public and industrial buildings. Various research projects demonstrate hardly any losses on the fatigue strength compared to the non‐galvanized steel components. Welded site joints of hot‐dip galvanized components require a complex pre‐ and post‐treatment of the corrosion protection. Nevertheless, on‐site applied corrosion protection cannot reach the protection durability of a hot‐dip galvanizing. This technological restriction can be avoided by the use of hot‐dip galvanized bolted connections. Slip‐resistant pre‐stressed connections are proved successful in steel bridge construction. Major scientific investigations are not yet available for the use of slip‐resistant connections for hot‐dip galvanized joints. Technical and scientific foundations for the application of hot‐dip galvanized bolted connections in cyclically loaded steel and composite bridge constructions, based on the European standard for steel constructions, are investigated within the scope of a research project at the MPA. The provision of construction and design recommendations is the goal of this project.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1002/mawe.202000159\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d6a35f3769d125f666cb768868c6d47b49c4b270\",\n \"result_position\": 14,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 186494529,\n \"title\": \"Advanced procedures for design of bolted connections\",\n \"venue\": \"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"F. Wald\",\n \"J. Kabeláč\",\n \"M. Kuříková\",\n \"Ondřej Perháč\",\n \"P. Ryjáček\",\n \"O. Minor\",\n \"Marcos Bryan Flores Pazmiño\",\n \"L. Šabatka\",\n \"D. Kolaja\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Design of bolted slip resistant connection are integral part of design of steel bridges. In recent years, Component Based Finite Element Method (CBFEM) has been increasingly expanding in modelling of structural joints. The proper models of bolts play the major role in prediction of connection stiffness, resistance and deformation capacity. This contribution will describe the influence of pull and shear interaction for correct design of a group of bolts. The second part will be focussed to an advanced model of slip resistance bolts. The last chapter presents the advantages of procedure on examples of various bridge connection, which design was supported by CBFEM.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1088/1757-899X/419/1/012044\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/873aaa58c0a289e7f310211d71647034d4632973\",\n \"result_position\": 15,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 36521104,\n \"title\": \"Image-based Bolt-loosening Detection Technique of Bolt Joint in Steel Bridges\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2015,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Park\",\n \"T. H. Kim\",\n \"J. T. Kim\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/64a900c07fdfdb2a264b6a9d4d5032fe697b275d\",\n \"result_position\": 16,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 235681034,\n \"title\": \"Research on identification and monitoring method of bolt connection loosening based on piezoresistive effect\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Liu Xuezhi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Bolted connection is commonly used in the joint connection of engineering structures, and its connection reliability plays an important role in ensuring the service performance of engineering structures. In complex service environment, bolt connection is easy to loose. In order to identify and monitor bolt connection looseness, a bolt looseness monitoring device based on piezoresistive effect is designed and manufactured in this paper. The feasibility of the device is verified through flange bolt looseness identification test. The results show that the monitoring device can effectively identify the minor bolt loosening damage, and the identification results have good stability, and the bolt loosening can be deduced based on the variation of the conductance value. The bolting connection loosening monitoring method based on piezoresistivity effect proposed in this paper can provide a reference for the identification and monitoring of bolt loosening.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1088/1755-1315/791/1/012058\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/35de2c69250fb11385c7e2db1c03f2b5641bf123\",\n \"result_position\": 17,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 219503815,\n \"title\": \"Bolt connection performance post fire in steel bridges\",\n \"venue\": \"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"R. Gunadi\",\n \"M. Moeljono\",\n \"F. Igustiany\",\n \"N. Hasan\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Fire events reduce the strength of the steel structure on the bridge and can cause collapse which results in losses, so it is necessary to consider the effects of fire when planning construction. Considering that the joints affect the performance of steel structures, the results of research on the performance of steel beams need to be augmented by testing the post-fire girder bridge bolt connection performance. Structural tests will be carried out on six specimens of bridge steel beam elements with high quality bolt connections in the center of the beam with sliding type bolt connections. Two control specimen beams were tested with shear loads without combustion. Two specimens with temperature of 700°C and 900°C with different torque bond variables. From the displacement control test using UTM on six specimens, it will be known the performance of each type of connection by evaluating changes in carrying capacity, stiffness, deflection capacity, ductility, and stress-strain capacity due to the influence of temperature acting during the fire process. The results can prove which type of bolt connection is better for use on bridges with fire risk.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1088/1757-899X/830/2/022052\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f8e53cd3abe7c923ce3903704590897b373600ab\",\n \"result_position\": 18,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 234091676,\n \"title\": \"Condition Assessment of Joints in Steel Truss Bridges Using a Probabilistic Neural Network and Finite Element Model Updating\",\n \"venue\": \"Sustainability\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Zhan\",\n \"Chuang Wang\",\n \"Z. Fang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The condition of joints in steel truss bridges is critical to railway operational safety. The available methods for the quantitative assessment of different types of joint damage are, however, very limited. This paper numerically investigates the feasibility of using a probabilistic neural network (PNN) and a finite element (FE) model updating technique to assess the condition of joints in steel truss bridges. A two-step identification procedure is developed to achieve damage localization and severity assessment. A series of FE models with single or multiple damages are simulated to generate the training and testing data samples and validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The influence of noise on the identification accuracy is also evaluated. The results show that the change rate of modal curvature (CRMC) can be used as a damage-sensitive input of the PNN and the accuracy of preliminary damage localization can exceed 90% when suitable training patterns are utilized. Damaged members can be localized in the correct substructure even with noise contamination. The FE model updating method used can effectively quantify the joint deterioration severity and is robust to noise.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/SU13031474\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a6ee831ced2fbff3e0d4f76aafa2d360ef5fb455\",\n \"result_position\": 19,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 236562397,\n \"title\": \"Detection of Bolt Looseness Based on Average Autocorrelation Function\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jigang Wu\",\n \"Jun Shao\",\n \"Gen Zhou\",\n \"Deqiang Yang\",\n \"Yuan Cheng\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Bolted connections are widely used in multiple engineering fields including aerospace and mechanical engineering due to their numerous advantages like the ability to bear relatively heavy loads, low costs, easy installation, and implementation. Bolt looseness may lead to costly disasters in industries and some cases of injuries. A new method for bolt looseness detection based on average autocorrelation function is proposed. It does not usually directly extract the looseness damage feature from the original response signal to detect the bolt looseness, but it uses the average autocorrelation function value at time lag T = 0 of the vibration pixel displacement signal to establish the looseness damage index. In terms of structural arrangement of this paper, firstly, the theoretical background of the proposed method is given. Then, an experimental system for bolt looseness detection based on computer vision is designed, and a verification experiment is carried out with the bolted connection plate as the experimental object. The results show that the proposed method can effectively obtain the location of the looseness damage of the bolted connection plate, which provides a new technical reference for the online monitoring of the looseness damage of bolted connection plate.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1155/2021/6662686\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a1e7a2e0c97b0003eb20d95ab943d779eb09a03d\",\n \"result_position\": 20,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 272099978,\n \"title\": \"Early Bolt Loosening Detection Method Based on Digital Image Correlation\",\n \"venue\": \"Italian National Conference on Sensors\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yinyin Li\",\n \"Yusen Wu\",\n \"Kang Gao\",\n \"Huiyuan Yang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Bolt loosening can significantly impact the accuracy, stability, and safety of equipment. The detection of bolt loosening in a timely manner is crucial for ensuring the safety, reliability, performance, and service life of equipment, structures, and systems. Various methods exist for detecting bolt loosening, such as strain gauges and ultrasonic waves. However, these technologies have some limitations that impede their widespread application. In this paper, for the high-pressure pipe manifolds that may experience leakage accidents due to the loosening of bolts, an early bolt loosening detection method based on digital image correlation is proposed. Initially, a model is established through tensile tests to relate the average strain on the side of the bolt head to the axial force. Subsequently, an industrial camera captures images of bolts with random speckles under operational conditions. Using digital image correlation technology, the average strain in a specific region on the side of the bolt head is calculated. By integrating the average strain into the established relationship model between the average strain and axial force, the axial force of the bolt under operational conditions can be predicted, enabling the early assessment of bolt loosening. The findings show that the average strain on the side of the bolt head increases proportionally with the axial force, indicating a strong linear relationship. This method enables accurate prediction of the bolt’s axial force, offering a new approach for identifying the early loosening of bolts in high-pressure manifolds and monitoring structural health.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/s24165397\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ca946970c29c76a96313e8b412d876e55e429dee\",\n \"result_position\": 21,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 246655737,\n \"title\": \"Vibration-Based Loosening Detection of a Multi-Bolt Structure Using Machine Learning Algorithms\",\n \"venue\": \"Italian National Conference on Sensors\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"O. Eraliev\",\n \"Kwang-Hee Lee\",\n \"Chul-Hee Lee\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Since artificial intelligence (AI) was introduced into engineering fields, it has made many breakthroughs. Machine learning (ML) algorithms have been very commonly used in structural health monitoring (SHM) systems in the last decade. In this study, a vibration-based early stage of bolt loosening detection and identification technique is proposed using ML algorithms, for a motor fastened with four bolts (M8 × 1.5) to a stationary support. First, several cases with fastened and loosened bolts were established, and the motor was operated in three different types of working condition (800 rpm, 1000 rpm, and 1200 rpm), in order to obtain enough vibration data. Second, for feature extraction of the dataset, the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) method was performed. Third, different types of classifier of ML were trained, and a new test dataset was applied to evaluate the performance of the classifiers. Finally, the classifier with the greatest accuracy was identified. The test results showed that the capability of the classifier was satisfactory for detecting bolt loosening and identifying which bolt or bolts started to lose their preload in each working condition. The identified classifier will be implemented for online monitoring of the early stage of bolt loosening of a multi-bolt structure in future works.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/s22031210\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8a9c8d622d5063d3ce0b6d0ca9298b7376b7a0b9\",\n \"result_position\": 22,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 38678292,\n \"title\": \"EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE FOR SLIP FACTOR DETERMINING AT CONNECTIONS WITH PRELOADED BOLTS\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2014,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Marina Poposka\",\n \"Borjan Petreski\",\n \"P. Cvetanovski\",\n \"Denis Popovski\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This article presents the advantages of using preloaded bolts in connections of steel structures. First we discussed the main differences between preloaded bolts and shear bolts. Then we explained the categories of shear connections and the categories of friction surfaces, along with their associated surface preparation and slip factor. To connect theory and codes with experiment, we showed the basic expressions used to calculate the design resistance of preloaded bolts and compared the design resistance of shear bolts. The slip factor was tested according to EN 1090-2:2008, Annex G, for two series of specimens, identical to those used in bridges in the Republic of Albania.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.13167/2014.8.5\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/183f4b702c56e43d7551df79e1d757a3fdbd32e5\",\n \"result_position\": 23,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 250505868,\n \"title\": \"Vision-Based Detection of Bolt Loosening Using YOLOv5\",\n \"venue\": \"Italian National Conference on Sensors\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yuhang Sun\",\n \"Mengxuan Li\",\n \"Ruiwen Dong\",\n \"Weiyu Chen\",\n \"Dong Jiang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Bolted connections have been widely applied in engineering structures, loosening will happen when bolted connections are subjected to continuous cyclic load, and a significant rotation between the nut and the bolt can be observed. Combining deep learning with machine vision, a bolt loosening detection method based on the fifth version of You Only Look Once (YOLOv5) is proposed, and the rotation of the nut is identified to detect the bolt loosening. Two different circular markers are added to the bolt and the nut separately, and then YOLOv5 is used to identify the circular markers, and the rotation angle of the nut against the bolt is calculated according to the center coordinate of each predicted box. A bolted connection structure is adopted to illustrate the effectiveness of the method. First, 200 images containing bolts and circular markers are collected to make the dataset, which is divided into a training set, verification set and test set. Second, YOLOv5 is used to train the model; the precision rate and recall rate are respectively 99.8% and 100%. Finally, the robustness of the proposed method in different shooting environments is verified by changing the shooting distance, shooting angle and light condition. When using this method to detect the bolt loosening angle, the minimum identifiable angle is 1°, and the maximum detection error is 5.91% when the camera is tilted 45°. The experimental results show that the proposed method can detect the loosening angle of the bolted connection with high accuracy; especially, the tiny angle of bolt loosening can be identified. Even under some difficult shooting conditions, the method still works. The early stage of bolt loosening can be detected by measuring the rotation angle of the nut against the bolt.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/s22145184\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8628f498b651ba9142986ff8f46fca25e5ffa666\",\n \"result_position\": 24,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 235444483,\n \"title\": \"Monitoring of the Looseness in Cargo Bolts under Random Excitation Based on Vibration Transmissibility\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"G. Dong\",\n \"Jin Chen\",\n \"Fagang Zhao\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Bolted joints are widely used in industrial applications and joint failure can cause a disastrous accident if loosening happens. Bolt loosening detection can be made by regular manual inspection or by using sensors based on different physical principles, such as acoustoelastic effect, piezoelectric active sensing, and electromechanical impedance. Compared with the above methods, vibration based bolt looseness monitoring using accelerometers is appealing for its economy and convenience for measurement. In this paper, cargo bolts looseness monitoring under random excitation is studied based on vibration transmissibility, which overcomes the drawback of commonly used vibration methods in finding local bolt looseness. Vibration transmissibility analysis only uses two vibration transducers to monitor bolt group looseness, where the vibration signal below the cargo bolts is used as the “input” and the other one above the cargo bolts is used as the “output.” There are 12 bolts in the cargo bolts studied in this paper, providing an essential clamping force to fix cargo during transportation. Six kinds of bolt group looseness with an increasing degree are simulated in the experiment. The experimental analysis shows that variation of the spectral moment can be used to monitor the global variation of the torque wrench exerted on the cargo bolts. The early stage of the bolt group looseness is that some one or two bolts begin to loose; however, the spectrum moment factor is insensitive to the local bolt looseness in the bolt group. To address this issue, the eigensystem realization algorithm (ERA) based on random input and output is utilized to find the subtle eigenvalue variation of the system matrix, which is neglected by the frequency transmissibility function. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method for detecting local bolt looseness.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1155/2021/8841940\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a0f29703ed6e98d338cca1c8230ed6ee3851df7c\",\n \"result_position\": 25,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 221844278,\n \"title\": \"Artificial Intelligence-Based Bolt Loosening Diagnosis Using Deep Learning Algorithms for Laser Ultrasonic Wave Propagation Data\",\n \"venue\": \"Italian National Conference on Sensors\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"D. Tran\",\n \"Ju-Won Kim\",\n \"K. D. Tola\",\n \"Wonkyu Kim\",\n \"S. Park\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The application of deep learning (DL) algorithms to non-destructive evaluation (NDE) is now becoming one of the most attractive topics in this field. As a contribution to such research, this study aims to investigate the application of DL algorithms for detecting and estimating the looseness in bolted joints using a laser ultrasonic technique. This research was conducted based on a hypothesis regarding the relationship between the true contact area of the bolt head-plate and the guided wave energy lost while the ultrasonic waves pass through it. First, a Q-switched Nd:YAG pulsed laser and an acoustic emission sensor were used as exciting and sensing ultrasonic signals, respectively. Then, a 3D full-field ultrasonic data set was created using an ultrasonic wave propagation imaging (UWPI) process, after which several signal processing techniques were applied to generate the processed data. By using a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) with a VGG-like architecture based regression model, the estimated error was calculated to compare the performance of a DCNN on different processed data set. The proposed approach was also compared with a K-nearest neighbor, support vector regression, and deep artificial neural network for regression to demonstrate its robustness. Consequently, it was found that the proposed approach shows potential for the incorporation of laser-generated ultrasound and DL algorithms. In addition, the signal processing technique has been shown to have an important impact on the DL performance for automatic looseness estimation.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/s20185329\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/460f924b80e9583208c9223363d441bcda580109\",\n \"result_position\": 26,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 271734333,\n \"title\": \"Research on a Method for Classifying Bolt Corrosion Based on an Acoustic Emission Sensor System\",\n \"venue\": \"Italian National Conference on Sensors\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Shuyi Di\",\n \"Yin Wu\",\n \"Yanyi Liu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"High-strength bolts play a crucial role in ultra-high-pressure equipment such as bridges and railway tracks. Effective monitoring of bolt conditions is of paramount importance for common fault repair and accident prevention. This paper aims to detect and classify bolt corrosion levels accurately. We design and implement a bolt corrosion classification system based on a Wireless Acoustic Emission Sensor Network (WASN). Initially, WASN nodes collect high-speed acoustic emission (AE) signals from bolts. Then, the ReliefF feature selection algorithm is applied to identify the optimal feature combination. Subsequently, the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) model is utilized for bolt corrosion classification. Additionally, to achieve high prediction accuracy, an improved goose algorithm (GOOSE) is employed to ensure the most suitable parameter combination for the ELM model. Experimental measurements were conducted on five classes of bolt corrosion levels: 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The classification accuracy obtained using the proposed method was at least 98.04%. Compared to state-of-the-art classification diagnostic models, our approach exhibits superior AE signal recognition performance and stronger generalization ability to adapt to variations in working conditions.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/s24155047\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dd17f76a48ed564a26b23107158813a409c07aad\",\n \"result_position\": 27,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 261692529,\n \"title\": \"Fatigue performance of preloaded bolted connection with oversized holes\",\n \"venue\": \"ce/papers\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Angeliki Christoforidou\",\n \"Abishek Baskar\",\n \"Eric Barelts\",\n \"F. Kavoura\",\n \"Marko Pavlović\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Moving towards a more sustainable and circular infrastructure has increased the demand for demountable connectors in hybrid structures combining steel, concrete, and nowadays FRP composite components. Large, prefabricated components need to be transported to the construction site and assembled by means of bolted connections for easy reuse of the components. Slip‐resistant connections are required for such hybrid structures in bridges, which are usually provided by injection or preloaded bolts. The former satisfies the need for large tolerances during execution. However, the behavior of such injection bolts depends on the environmental conditions and the resin complicates the installation and demountability. The current practice of preloaded bolts uses standard hole clearances that do not provide sufficient tolerance for the assembly of large structural components made of different materials and many connectors. This paper focuses on the fatigue performance of preloaded bolted connections with excessively oversized holes that could provide sufficient tolerance for execution. Double lap bolted joints for two different bolt‐hole diameters, regular and 60 mm oversized, are tested under cyclic loading and the increase in slip displacement during the load cycles is compared. The static performance is numerically obtained in terms of residual stiffness, slip and ultimate resistance. It was found the stiffness variation between normal holes and significantly oversized holes is insignificant.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1002/cepa.2447\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ea8fd12ac4902d6d58667c2ef81c7826fbf750fa\",\n \"result_position\": 28,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 249182665,\n \"title\": \"Connections of Steel Girders with End Plates and Partially Prestressed Bolts\",\n \"venue\": \"Romanian Journal of Transport Infrastructure\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ș. Guțiu\",\n \"C. Moga\",\n \"A. Danciu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract The connections with end plates and bolts can be used in steel bridge structures, or joining the decking beams, which can lead to very simple and economical constructive solutions. The paper presents some theoretical aspects concerning the behavior and calculation of the end plate connections which is partially pre-tensioned by high-strength bolts, and supplementary a welded cover plate is added to the tensioned flange of the plate girder. In the case of connections subjected to tension forces, it is not recommended to prestress the bolts as much as is the case when the joints are subjected only to shear because live loads can lead to the overloading of the bolts; the overload is a function of the relative stiffness of the end plate and of the bolts. The additional welded splice at the tension flange contributes to the transfer of the large tension stresses from the extreme bolts to the welded cover plate, resulting in a significantly reduced joint assembly loading and an increased load-bearing capacity. The paper includes a numerical example highlighting the influence of the stiffness of the joint elements and of the welded splice-plate on the joint loading, considering its pre-tensioning effect from the cooling contraction of the longitudinal welding fillets.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.2478/rjti-2021-0009\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3c6dfeff38d849303158a74151327fe870795557\",\n \"result_position\": 29,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 116759476,\n \"title\": \"The particular challenges of expansion joint installation in steel bridges – Case studies\",\n \"venue\": \"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"David Jelínek\",\n \"N. Meng\",\n \"C. O''Suilleabhain\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"How a bridge’s expansion joints are connected to the main structure is an important detail, with relevance not only for ease of installation and replacement but also for durability and long-term performance. In the case of steel bridges - or more accurately expressed, in the case of connection to steel surfaces - the challenges tend to be greater than with concreted connections. With steel connections, special attention is required in the design of the expansion joints, and considerably more effort and precision is required on site during installation work. This paper shall describe the particular challenges, and illustrate these, and ways of addressing them, with reference to steel bridge construction and renovation projects.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1088/1757-899X/419/1/012017\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/16a90047ee5e9dd300c5c4ced6c8f54bee523426\",\n \"result_position\": 30,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":72,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"Can you find any papers showing if inference-time scaling with external tools can be more inference-time efficient without any tool calls? In other words, can we outperform models with massive reasoning tokens if we have access to external tools like code execution or search"},"query_timestamp":{"kind":"string","value":"2025-08-08T18:20:12.805976+00:00"},"thread_id":{"kind":"string","value":"22e08afdbe36f4cdd5859511be23466a868d9934976baada15fd9c37a64a708b"},"num_shown":{"kind":"number","value":42,"string":"42"},"num_clicked":{"kind":"number","value":0,"string":"0"},"has_clicks":{"kind":"bool","value":false,"string":"false"},"shown_papers":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"corpus_id":279305850,"title":"CoRT: Code-integrated Reasoning within Thinking","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Chengpeng Li","Zhengyang Tang","Ziniu Li","Mingfeng Xue","Keqin Bao","Tian Ding","Ruoyu Sun","Benyou Wang","Xiang Wang","Junyang Lin","Dayiheng Liu"],"abstract":"Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) like o1 and DeepSeek-R1 have shown remarkable progress in natural language reasoning with long chain-of-thought (CoT), yet they remain inefficient or inaccurate when handling complex mathematical operations. Addressing these limitations through computational tools (e.g., computation libraries and symbolic solvers) is promising, but it introduces a technical challenge: Code Interpreter (CI) brings external knowledge beyond the model's internal text representations, thus the direct combination is not efficient. This paper introduces CoRT, a post-training framework for teaching LRMs to leverage CI effectively and efficiently. As a first step, we address the data scarcity issue by synthesizing code-integrated reasoning data through Hint-Engineering, which strategically inserts different hints at appropriate positions to optimize LRM-CI interaction. We manually create 30 high-quality samples, upon which we post-train models ranging from 1.5B to 32B parameters, with supervised fine-tuning, rejection fine-tuning and reinforcement learning. Our experimental results demonstrate that Hint-Engineering models achieve 4\\% and 8\\% absolute improvements on DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-32B and DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-1.5B respectively, across five challenging mathematical reasoning datasets. Furthermore, Hint-Engineering models use about 30\\% fewer tokens for the 32B model and 50\\% fewer tokens for the 1.5B model compared with the natural language models. The models and code are available at https://github.com/ChengpengLi1003/CoRT.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2506.09820","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/eff086f0a6d66b6514322c6832f2469d057f33e3","result_position":0,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":280079890,"title":"HiRA: A Hierarchical Reasoning Framework for Decoupled Planning and Execution in Deep Search","venue":"","year":2025,"authors":["Jiajie Jin","Xiaoxi Li","Guanting Dong","Yuyao Zhang","Yutao Zhu","Yang Zhao","Hongjin Qian","Zhicheng Dou"],"abstract":"Complex information needs in real-world search scenarios demand deep reasoning and knowledge synthesis across diverse sources, which traditional retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) pipelines struggle to address effectively. Current reasoning-based approaches suffer from a fundamental limitation: they use a single model to handle both high-level planning and detailed execution, leading to inefficient reasoning and limited scalability. In this paper, we introduce HiRA, a hierarchical framework that separates strategic planning from specialized execution. Our approach decomposes complex search tasks into focused subtasks, assigns each subtask to domain-specific agents equipped with external tools and reasoning capabilities, and coordinates the results through a structured integration mechanism. This separation prevents execution details from disrupting high-level reasoning while enabling the system to leverage specialized expertise for different types of information processing. Experiments on four complex, cross-modal deep search benchmarks demonstrate that HiRA significantly outperforms state-of-the-art RAG and agent-based systems. Our results show improvements in both answer quality and system efficiency, highlighting the effectiveness of decoupled planning and execution for multi-step information seeking tasks. Our code is available at https://github.com/ignorejjj/HiRA.","doi":"","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4c38d7d7ba935af14dfcce894c4fb2e0a0f26374","result_position":1,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":267334795,"title":"Efficient Tool Use with Chain-of-Abstraction Reasoning","venue":"International Conference on Computational Linguistics","year":2024,"authors":["Silin Gao","Jane Dwivedi-Yu","Ping Yu","Xiaoqing Tan","Ramakanth Pasunuru","Olga Golovneva","Koustuv Sinha","Asli Celikyilmaz","Antoine Bosselut","Tianlu Wang"],"abstract":"To achieve faithful reasoning that aligns with human expectations, large language models (LLMs) need to ground their reasoning to real-world knowledge (e.g., web facts, math and physical rules). Tools help LLMs access this external knowledge, but there remains challenges for fine-tuning LLM agents (e.g., Toolformer) to invoke tools in multi-step reasoning problems, where inter-connected tool calls require holistic and efficient tool usage planning. In this work, we propose a new method for LLMs to better leverage tools in multi-step reasoning. Our method, Chain-of-Abstraction (CoA), trains LLMs to first decode reasoning chains with abstract placeholders, and then call domain tools to reify each reasoning chain by filling in specific knowledge. This planning with abstract chains enables LLMs to learn more general reasoning strategies, which are robust to shifts of domain knowledge (e.g., math results) relevant to different reasoning questions. It also allows LLMs to perform decoding and calling of external tools in parallel, which avoids the inference delay caused by waiting for tool responses. In mathematical reasoning and Wiki QA domains, we show that our method consistently outperforms previous chain-of-thought and tool-augmented baselines on both in-distribution and out-of-distribution test sets, with an average ~6% absolute QA accuracy improvement. LLM agents trained with our method also show more efficient tool use, with inference speed being on average ~1.4x faster than baseline tool-augmented LLMs.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2401.17464","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8fb92f51434543c4a8cd4980f84cf04552c712cc","result_position":2,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":276408288,"title":"SMART: Self-Aware Agent for Tool Overuse Mitigation","venue":"Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","year":2025,"authors":["Cheng Qian","Emre Can Acikgoz","Hongru Wang","Xiusi Chen","Avirup Sil","Dilek Hakkani-Tur","Gokhan Tur","Heng Ji"],"abstract":"Current Large Language Model (LLM) agents demonstrate strong reasoning and tool use capabilities, but often lack self-awareness, failing to balance these approaches effectively. This imbalance leads to Tool Overuse, where models unnecessarily rely on external tools for tasks solvable with parametric knowledge, increasing computational overhead. Inspired by human metacognition, we introduce SMART (Strategic Model-Aware Reasoning with Tools), a paradigm that enhances an agent's self-awareness to optimize task handling and reduce tool overuse. To support this paradigm, we introduce SMART-ER, a dataset spanning three domains, where reasoning alternates between parametric knowledge and tool-dependent steps, with each step enriched by rationales explaining when tools are necessary. Through supervised training, we develop SMARTAgent, a family of models that dynamically balance parametric knowledge and tool use. Evaluations show that SMARTAgent reduces tool use by 24% while improving performance by over 37%, enabling 7B-scale models to match its 70B counterpart and GPT-4o. Additionally, SMARTAgent generalizes to out-of-distribution test data like GSM8K and MINTQA, maintaining accuracy with just one-fifth the tool calls. These highlight the potential of strategic tool use to enhance reasoning, mitigate overuse, and bridge the gap between model size and performance, advancing intelligent and resource-efficient agent designs.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2502.11435","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e0c33d7096a3767b595d2c3375be6daebd8dbc0d","result_position":3,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":280149216,"title":"Agentic-R1: Distilled Dual-Strategy Reasoning","venue":"Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","year":2025,"authors":["Weihua Du","Pranjal Aggarwal","S. Welleck","Yiming Yang"],"abstract":"Current long chain-of-thought (long-CoT) models excel at mathematical reasoning but rely on slow and error-prone natural language traces. Tool-augmented agents address arithmetic via code execution, but often falter on complex logical tasks. We introduce a fine-tuning framework, DualDistill, that distills complementary reasoning strategies from multiple teachers into a unified student model. Using this approach, we train Agentic-R1, which dynamically selects the optimal strategy for each query, invoking tools for arithmetic and algorithmic problems, and using text-based reasoning for abstract ones. Our method improves accuracy across a range of tasks, including both computation-intensive and standard benchmarks, demonstrating the effectiveness of multi-strategy distillation in achieving robust and efficient reasoning. Our project is available at https://github.com/StigLidu/DualDistill","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2507.05707","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0844db6fcc148864aaf339febc83c09cbfdd6534","result_position":4,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":278498044,"title":"Scaling LLM Test-Time Compute Optimally Can be More Effective than Scaling Parameters for Reasoning","venue":"International Conference on Learning Representations","year":2025,"authors":["C. Snell","Jaehoon Lee","Kelvin Xu","Aviral Kumar"],"abstract":null,"doi":"","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3eb116c1934dcff731a6d68a8e64115f6c00b369","result_position":5,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":258967566,"title":"ReWOO: Decoupling Reasoning from Observations for Efficient Augmented Language Models","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2023,"authors":["Binfeng Xu","Zhiyuan Peng","Bowen Lei","Subhabrata Mukherjee","Yuchen Liu","Dongkuan Xu"],"abstract":"Augmented Language Models (ALMs) blend the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) with tools that allow for knowledge retrieval and action execution. Existing ALM systems trigger LLM thought processes while pulling observations from these tools in an interleaved fashion. Specifically, an LLM reasons to call an external tool, gets halted to fetch the tool's response, and then decides the next action based on all preceding response tokens. Such a paradigm, though straightforward and easy to implement, often leads to huge computation complexity from redundant prompts and repeated execution. This study addresses such challenges for the first time, proposing a modular paradigm ReWOO (Reasoning WithOut Observation) that detaches the reasoning process from external observations, thus significantly reducing token consumption. Comprehensive evaluations across six public NLP benchmarks and a curated dataset reveal consistent performance enhancements with our proposed methodology. Notably, ReWOO achieves 5x token efficiency and 4% accuracy improvement on HotpotQA, a multi-step reasoning benchmark. Furthermore, ReWOO demonstrates robustness under tool-failure scenarios. Beyond prompt efficiency, decoupling parametric modules from non-parametric tool calls enables instruction fine-tuning to offload LLMs into smaller language models, thus substantially reducing model parameters. Our illustrative work offloads reasoning ability from 175B GPT3.5 into 7B LLaMA, demonstrating the significant potential for truly efficient and scalable ALM systems.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2305.18323","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/90027ca7802645671a69b00b65e1fa94e6b63544","result_position":6,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":279244186,"title":"The Cost of Dynamic Reasoning: Demystifying AI Agents and Test-Time Scaling from an AI Infrastructure Perspective","venue":"International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture","year":2025,"authors":["Jiin Kim","Byeong-Gon Shin","Jin-Won Chung","Minsoo Rhu"],"abstract":"Large-language-model (LLM)-based AI agents have recently showcased impressive versatility by employing dynamic reasoning, an adaptive, multi-step process that coordinates with external tools. This shift from static, single-turn inference to agentic, multi-turn workflows broadens task generalization and behavioral flexibility, but it also introduces serious concerns about system-level cost, efficiency, and sustainability. This paper presents the first comprehensive system-level analysis of AI agents, quantifying their resource usage, latency behavior, energy consumption, and datacenter-wide power consumption demands across diverse agent designs and test-time scaling strategies. We further characterize how AI agent design choices, such as few-shot prompting, reflection depth, and parallel reasoning, impact accuracy-cost tradeoffs. Our findings reveal that while agents improve accuracy with increased compute, they suffer from rapidly diminishing returns, widening latency variance, and unsustainable infrastructure costs. Through detailed evaluation of representative agents, we highlight the profound computational demands introduced by AI agent workflows, uncovering a looming sustainability crisis. These results call for a paradigm shift in agent design toward compute-efficient reasoning, balancing performance with deployability under real-world constraints.","doi":"10.1109/HPCA68181.2026.11408569","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c1391af5e1f3c7ea53e26452f48fb6bdc8c04df6","result_position":7,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":279245047,"title":"SPRINT: Enabling Interleaved Planning and Parallelized Execution in Reasoning Models","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Emil Biju","Shayan Talaei","Zhemin Huang","Mohammadreza Pourreza","Azalia Mirhoseini","Amin Saberi"],"abstract":"Large reasoning models (LRMs) excel at complex reasoning tasks but typically generate lengthy sequential chains-of-thought, resulting in long inference times before arriving at the final answer. To address this challenge, we introduce SPRINT, a novel post-training and inference-time framework designed to enable LRMs to dynamically identify and exploit opportunities for parallelization during their reasoning process. SPRINT incorporates an innovative data curation pipeline that reorganizes natural language reasoning trajectories into structured rounds of long-horizon planning and parallel execution. By fine-tuning LRMs on a small amount of such curated data, the models learn to dynamically identify independent subtasks within extended reasoning processes and effectively execute them in parallel. Through extensive evaluations, we demonstrate that models fine-tuned with the SPRINT framework match the performance of reasoning models on complex domains such as mathematics while generating up to 39% fewer sequential tokens on problems requiring more than 8,000 output tokens. Finally, we observe consistent results transferred to two out-of-distribution tasks, namely GPQA and Countdown, with up to 45% and 65% reduction in average sequential tokens respectively for longer reasoning trajectories, while matching the performance of the fine-tuned reasoning model.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2506.05745","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0965a1c7e2b64889ab7f9d69d42b465414378ab2","result_position":8,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":267211955,"title":"Towards Uncertainty-Aware Language Agent","venue":"Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","year":2024,"authors":["Jiuzhou Han","W. Buntine","Ehsan Shareghi"],"abstract":"While Language Agents have achieved promising success by placing Large Language Models at the core of a more versatile design that dynamically interacts with the external world, the existing approaches neglect the notion of uncertainty during these interactions. We present the Uncertainty-Aware Language Agent (UALA), a framework that orchestrates the interaction between the agent and the external world using uncertainty quantification. Compared with other well-known counterparts like ReAct, our extensive experiments across 3 representative tasks (HotpotQA, StrategyQA, MMLU) and various LLM sizes demonstrate that UALA brings a significant improvement of performance, while having a substantially lower reliance on the external world (i.e., reduced number of tool calls and tokens). Our analyses provide various insights including the great potential of UALA compared with agent fine-tuning, and underscore the unreliability of verbalised confidence of LLMs as a proxy for uncertainty.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2401.14016","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/48fd140ea0f625471cb1018cbd743dc13eb7fca3","result_position":9,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":273707197,"title":"Kernel Looping: Eliminating Synchronization Boundaries for Peak Inference Performance","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2024,"authors":["D. Koeplinger","Darshan Gandhi","Pushkar Nandkar","Nathan Sheeley","Matheen Musaddiq","Leon Zhang","Reid Goodbar","M. Shaffer","Han Wang","Angela Wang","Mingran Wang","R. Prabhakar"],"abstract":"Token generation speed is critical to power the next wave of AI inference applications. GPUs significantly underperform during token generation due to synchronization overheads at kernel boundaries, utilizing only 21% of their peak memory bandwidth. While recent dataflow architectures mitigate these overheads by enabling aggressive fusion of decoder layers into a single kernel, they too leave performance on the table due to synchronization penalties at layer boundaries. This paper presents kernel looping, a specialized global optimization technique which exploits an optimization opportunity brought by combining the unique layer-level fusion possible in modern dataflow architectures with the repeated layer structure found in language models. Kernel looping eliminates synchronization costs between consecutive calls to the same kernel by transforming these calls into a single call to a modified kernel containing a pipelined outer loop. We evaluate kernel looping on the SambaNova SN40L Reconfigurable Dataflow Unit (RDU), a commercial dataflow accelerator for AI. Experiments demonstrate that kernel looping speeds up the decode phase of a wide array of powerful open-source models by up to 2.2$\\times$ on SN40L. Kernel looping allows scaling of decode performance over multiple SN40L sockets, achieving speedups of up to 2.5$\\times$. Finally, kernel looping enables SN40L to achieve over 90% of peak performance on 8 and 16 sockets and achieve a speedup of up to 3.7$\\times$ over DGX H100. Kernel looping, as well as the models evaluated in this paper, are deployed in production in a commercial AI inference cloud.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2410.23668","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d29b09cad79683cc972dfb49ea3597b92dfd18e8","result_position":10,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":278788725,"title":"Plan and Budget: Effective and Efficient Test-Time Scaling on Large Language Model Reasoning","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Junhong Lin","Xinyue Zeng","Jie Zhu","Song Wang","Julian Shun","Jun Wu","Dawei Zhou"],"abstract":"Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in complex reasoning tasks, but their inference remains computationally inefficient. We observe a common failure mode in many prevalent LLMs, overthinking, where models generate verbose and tangential reasoning traces even for simple queries. Recent work has tried to mitigate this by enforcing fixed token budgets, however, this can lead to underthinking, especially on harder problems. Through empirical analysis, we identify that this inefficiency often stems from unclear problem-solving strategies. To formalize this, we develop a theoretical model, BAM (Budget Allocation Model), which models reasoning as a sequence of sub-questions with varying uncertainty, and introduce the E3 metric to capture the trade-off between correctness and computation efficiency. Building on theoretical results from BAM, we propose Plan-and-Budget, a model-agnostic, test-time framework that decomposes complex queries into sub-questions and allocates token budgets based on estimated complexity using adaptive scheduling. Plan-and-Budget improves reasoning efficiency across a range of tasks and models, achieving up to 70% accuracy gains, 39% token reduction, and 193.8% improvement in E3. Notably, it improves the efficiency of a smaller model (DS-Qwen-32B) to match the efficiency of a larger model (DS-LLaMA-70B), demonstrating Plan-and-Budget's ability to close performance gaps without retraining. Our code is available at https://github.com/junhongmit/P-and-B.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2505.16122","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a37ee143f7b22dbc84d074b7285568f7556c4002","result_position":11,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":277954755,"title":"Acting Less is Reasoning More! Teaching Model to Act Efficiently","venue":"","year":2025,"authors":["Hongru Wang","Cheng Qian","Wanjun Zhong","Xiusi Chen","J. Qiu","Shijue Huang","Bowen Jin","Mengdi Wang","Kam-Fai Wong","Heng Ji"],"abstract":"Tool-integrated reasoning (TIR) augments large language models (LLMs) with the ability to invoke external tools during long-form reasoning, such as search engines and code interpreters, to solve tasks beyond the capabilities of internal reasoning. While reinforcement learning (RL) has shown promise in training such agents, most of existing approaches typically optimize only for final correctness without considering the efficiency or necessity of external tool use. This often leads to excessive tool calling, incurring high computational costs and hindering the development of internal reasoning capabilities - a phenomenon known as \\textit{cognitive offloading}. To this end, we propose Optimal Tool Call-controlled Policy Optimization (OTC-PO), a simple yet effective RL-based framework that encourages models to produce accurate answers with minimal tool calls. Our method introduces a tool-integrated reward that jointly considers answer correctness and corresponding tool use behavior of model to reach that answer. To validate the effectiveness, we introduce the metric of \\textit{tool productivity}, defined as the ratio between the number of correct answers and the total number of tool calls across all test cases. This metric reflects how efficiently tool usage contributes to successful task completion, with higher values indicating smarter and more autonomous reasoning. We instantiate this framework within both Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) and Group Relative Preference Optimization (GRPO), resulting in OTC-PPO and OTC-GRPO. Experiments with Qwen-2.5 and Qwen-Math across multiple QA benchmarks show that our approach reduces tool calls by up to 68.3\\% and improves tool productivity by up to 215.4\\%, while maintaining comparable answer accuracy.","doi":"","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/61583512c4704120349a1a5f0acb14ee1d893e29","result_position":12,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":278310944,"title":"Llama-Nemotron: Efficient Reasoning Models","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["A. Bercovich","Itay Levy","Izik Golan","Mohammad Dabbah","Ran El-Yaniv","Omri Puny","Ido Galil","Zach Moshe","Tomer Ronen","Najeeb Nabwani","Ido Shahaf","Oren Tropp","Ehud Karpas","Ran Zilberstein","Jiaqi Zeng","Soumye Singhal","A. Bukharin","Yian Zhang","Tugrul Konuk","Gerald Shen","Ameya Mahabaleshwarkar","Bilal Kartal","Yoshi Suhara","Olivier Delalleau","Zijia Chen","Zhilin Wang","David Mosallanezhad","Adi Renduchintala","Haifeng Qian","Dima Rekesh","Fei Jia","Somshubra Majumdar","V. Noroozi","W. Ahmad","Sean Narenthiran","Aleksander Ficek","Mehrzad Samadi","Jocelyn Huang","Siddhartha Jain","Igor Gitman","Ivan Moshkov","Wei Du","Shubham Toshniwal","George Armstrong","B. Kisačanin","Matvei Novikov","Daria Gitman","E. Bakhturina","Prasoon Varshney","Jane Scowcroft","John Kamalu","Dan Su","Kezhi Kong","Markus Kliegl","Rabeeh Karimi","Ying Lin","S. Satheesh","Jupinder Parmar","Pritam Gundecha","Brandon Norick","Joseph Jennings","Shrimai Prabhumoye","Syeda Nahida Akter","M. Patwary","Abhinav Khattar","Deepak Narayanan","R. Waleffe","Jimmy Zhang","Bor-Yiing Su","Guyue Huang","Terry Kong","Parth Chadha","Sahil Jain","C. Harvey","Elad Segal","Jining Huang","Sergey Kashirsky","Robert Mcqueen","Izzy Putterman","G. Lam","Arun Venkatesan","Sherry Wu","V. Nguyen","Manoj Kilaru","Andrew Wang","Anna Warno","Abhilash Somasamudramath","Sandip Bhaskar","Maka Dong","Nave Assaf","Shahar Mor","Omer Ullman Argov","Scot Junkin","O.O. Romanenko","Pedro Larroy","Monika Katariya","Marco Rovinelli","Viji Balas","Nicholas Edelman","Anahita Bhiwandiwalla","Muthu Subramaniam","Smita Ithape","K. Ramamoorthy","Yuting Wu","S. Velury","Omri Almog","Joyjit Daw","Denys Fridman","Erick Galinkin","Michael Evans","K. Luna","Leon Derczynski","Nikki Pope","E. Long","Seth Schneider","Guillermo Siman","Tomasz Grzegorzek","Pablo Ribalta","Joey Conway","Trisha Saar","Ann Guan","Krzysztof Pawelec","Shyamala Prayaga","Oleksii Kuchaiev","Boris Ginsburg","O. Olabiyi","Kari Briski","Jonathan Cohen","Bryan Catanzaro","Jonah Alben","Yonatan Geifman","Eric Chung"],"abstract":"We introduce the Llama-Nemotron series of models, an open family of heterogeneous reasoning models that deliver exceptional reasoning capabilities, inference efficiency, and an open license for enterprise use. The family comes in three sizes -- Nano (8B), Super (49B), and Ultra (253B) -- and performs competitively with state-of-the-art reasoning models such as DeepSeek-R1 while offering superior inference throughput and memory efficiency. In this report, we discuss the training procedure for these models, which entails using neural architecture search from Llama 3 models for accelerated inference, knowledge distillation, and continued pretraining, followed by a reasoning-focused post-training stage consisting of two main parts: supervised fine-tuning and large scale reinforcement learning. Llama-Nemotron models are the first open-source models to support a dynamic reasoning toggle, allowing users to switch between standard chat and reasoning modes during inference. To further support open research and facilitate model development, we provide the following resources: 1. We release the Llama-Nemotron reasoning models -- LN-Nano, LN-Super, and LN-Ultra -- under the commercially permissive NVIDIA Open Model License Agreement. 2. We release the complete post-training dataset: Llama-Nemotron-Post-Training-Dataset. 3. We also release our training codebases: NeMo, NeMo-Aligner, and Megatron-LM.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2505.00949","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d3ab5e576bcf20c732101618f559fa57d8acc280","result_position":13,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":277502385,"title":"ToolACE-R: Model-aware Iterative Training and Adaptive Refinement for Tool learning","venue":"AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","year":2025,"authors":["Xingshan Zeng","Weiwen Liu","Xu Huang","Zezhong Wang","Lingzhi Wang","Liangyou Li","Yasheng Wang","Lifeng Shang","Xin Jiang","Ruiming Tang","Qun Liu"],"abstract":"Tool learning, which allows Large Language Models (LLMs) to leverage external tools for solving complex user tasks, has emerged as a promising avenue for extending model capabilities. However, existing approaches primarily focus on data synthesis for fine-tuning LLMs to invoke tools effectively, largely ignoring how to fully stimulate the potential of the model. In this paper, we propose ToolACE-R, a novel framework that includes both model-aware iterative training and adaptive refinement for tool learning. ToolACE-R features a model-aware iterative training procedure that progressively adjust training samples based on the model’s evolving capabilities to maximize its potential. Additionally, it incorporates self-refinement training corpus which emphasizes LLM's ability to iteratively refine their tool calls, optimizing performance without requiring external feedback. Furthermore, we introduce adaptive self-refinement for efficient test-time scaling, where the trained model can autonomously determine when to stop the process based on iterative self-refinement. We conduct extensive experiments across several benchmark datasets, showing that ToolACE-R achieves competitive performance compared to advanced LLMs. The performance can be further improved efficiently through adaptive self-refinement. These results highlight the effectiveness and generalizability of ToolACE-R, offering a promising direction for more efficient and scalable tool learning.","doi":"10.1609/aaai.v40i41.40759","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dd20b8ffd9bd0348aabe629e7cab63365b435ee5","result_position":14,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":271601023,"title":"Inference Scaling Laws: An Empirical Analysis of Compute-Optimal Inference for LLM Problem-Solving","venue":"International Conference on Learning Representations","year":2024,"authors":["Yangzhen Wu","Zhiqing Sun","Shanda Li","S. Welleck","Yiming Yang"],"abstract":"While the scaling laws of large language models (LLMs) training have been extensively studied, optimal inference configurations of LLMs remain underexplored. We study inference scaling laws (aka test-time scaling laws) and compute-optimal inference, focusing on the trade-offs between model sizes and generating additional tokens with different inference strategies. As a first step towards understanding and designing compute-optimal inference methods, we studied cost-performance trade-offs for inference strategies such as greedy search, majority voting, best-of-$n$, weighted voting, and two different tree search algorithms, using different model sizes and compute budgets. Our findings suggest that scaling inference compute with inference strategies can be more computationally efficient than scaling model parameters. Additionally, smaller models combined with advanced inference algorithms offer Pareto-optimal trade-offs in cost and performance. For example, the Llemma-7B model, when paired with our novel tree search algorithm, consistently outperforms the Llemma-34B model across all tested inference strategies on the MATH benchmark. We hope these insights contribute to a deeper understanding of inference scaling laws (test-time scaling laws) for LLMs.","doi":"","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b945115f175231d7fafefbdeacdc40edc391273f","result_position":15,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":277467964,"title":"Inference-Time Scaling for Complex Tasks: Where We Stand and What Lies Ahead","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Vidhisha Balachandran","Jingya Chen","Lingjiao Chen","Shivam Garg","Neel Joshi","Yash Lara","J. Langford","Besmira Nushi","Vibhav Vineet","Yue Wu","Safoora Yousefi"],"abstract":"Inference-time scaling can enhance the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) on complex problems that benefit from step-by-step problem solving. Although lengthening generated scratchpads has proven effective for mathematical tasks, the broader impact of this approach on other tasks remains less clear. In this work, we investigate the benefits and limitations of scaling methods across nine state-of-the-art models and eight challenging tasks, including math and STEM reasoning, calendar planning, NP-hard problems, navigation, and spatial reasoning. We compare conventional models (e.g., GPT-4o) with models fine-tuned for inference-time scaling (e.g., o1) through evaluation protocols that involve repeated model calls, either independently or sequentially with feedback. These evaluations approximate lower and upper performance bounds and potential for future performance improvements for each model, whether through enhanced training or multi-model inference systems. Our extensive empirical analysis reveals that the advantages of inference-time scaling vary across tasks and diminish as problem complexity increases. In addition, simply using more tokens does not necessarily translate to higher accuracy in these challenging regimes. Results from multiple independent runs with conventional models using perfect verifiers show that, for some tasks, these models can achieve performance close to the average performance of today's most advanced reasoning models. However, for other tasks, a significant performance gap remains, even in very high scaling regimes. Encouragingly, all models demonstrate significant gains when inference is further scaled with perfect verifiers or strong feedback, suggesting ample potential for future improvements.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2504.00294","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a231a99f0e6bbb63ad538bb6670ecf1fb3100c63","result_position":16,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":279243086,"title":"Inference-Time Hyper-Scaling with KV Cache Compression","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Adrian La'ncucki","Konrad Staniszewski","Piotr Nawrot","E. Ponti"],"abstract":"Inference-time scaling trades efficiency for increased reasoning accuracy by generating longer or more parallel sequences. However, in Transformer LLMs, generation cost is bottlenecked by the size of the key-value (KV) cache, rather than the number of generated tokens. Hence, we explore inference-time hyper-scaling: by compressing the KV cache, we can generate more tokens within the same compute budget and further improve the accuracy of scaled inference. The success of this approach, however, hinges on the ability of compression methods to preserve accuracy even at high compression ratios. To make hyper-scaling practical, we introduce Dynamic Memory Sparsification (DMS), a novel method for sparsifying KV caches that only requires 1K training steps to achieve 8$\\times$ compression, while maintaining better accuracy than training-free sparse attention. Instead of prematurely discarding cached tokens, DMS delays token eviction, implicitly merging representations and preserving critical information. We demonstrate the effectiveness of inference-time hyper-scaling with DMS on multiple families of LLMs, showing that it boosts accuracy for comparable inference latency and memory load. For instance, we enhance Qwen-R1 32B by 12.0 points on AIME 24, 8.6 on GPQA, and 9.7 on LiveCodeBench on average for an equivalent number of memory reads.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2506.05345","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fb93a3b32f30566d81d43ea5e36ad444ea0205a7","result_position":17,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":277954852,"title":"Think Deep, Think Fast: Investigating Efficiency of Verifier-free Inference-time-scaling Methods","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Junlin Wang","Shang Zhu","Jon Saad-Falcon","Ben Athiwaratkun","Qingyang Wu","Jue Wang","S. Song","Ce Zhang","Bhuwan Dhingra","James Zou"],"abstract":"There is intense interest in investigating how inference time compute (ITC) (e.g. repeated sampling, refinements, etc) can improve large language model (LLM) capabilities. At the same time, recent breakthroughs in reasoning models, such as Deepseek-R1, unlock the opportunity for reinforcement learning to improve LLM reasoning skills. An in-depth understanding of how ITC interacts with reasoning across different models could provide important guidance on how to further advance the LLM frontier. This work conducts a comprehensive analysis of inference-time scaling methods for both reasoning and non-reasoning models on challenging reasoning tasks. Specifically, we focus our research on verifier-free inference time-scaling methods due to its generalizability without needing a reward model. We construct the Pareto frontier of quality and efficiency. We find that non-reasoning models, even with an extremely high inference budget, still fall substantially behind reasoning models. For reasoning models, majority voting proves to be a robust inference strategy, generally competitive or outperforming other more sophisticated ITC methods like best-of-N and sequential revisions, while the additional inference compute offers minimal improvements. We further perform in-depth analyses of the association of key response features (length and linguistic markers) with response quality, with which we can improve the existing ITC methods. We find that correct responses from reasoning models are typically shorter and have fewer hedging and thinking markers (but more discourse markers) than the incorrect responses.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2504.14047","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d6c745ac3f3f7682b9de0aa26b73daff1fc35bfe","result_position":18,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":277994172,"title":"Learning Adaptive Parallel Reasoning with Language Models","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Jiayi Pan","Xiuyu Li","Long Lian","Charles Burton Snell","Yifei Zhou","A. Yala","Trevor Darrell","Kurt Keutzer","Alane Suhr"],"abstract":"Scaling inference-time computation has substantially improved the reasoning capabilities of language models. However, existing methods have significant limitations: serialized chain-of-thought approaches generate overly long outputs, leading to increased latency and exhausted context windows, while parallel methods such as self-consistency suffer from insufficient coordination, resulting in redundant computations and limited performance gains. To address these shortcomings, we propose Adaptive Parallel Reasoning (APR), a novel reasoning framework that enables language models to orchestrate both serialized and parallel computations end-to-end. APR generalizes existing reasoning methods by enabling adaptive multi-threaded inference using spawn() and join() operations. A key innovation is our end-to-end reinforcement learning strategy, optimizing both parent and child inference threads to enhance task success rate without requiring predefined reasoning structures. Experiments on the Countdown reasoning task demonstrate significant benefits of APR: (1) higher performance within the same context window (83.4% vs. 60.0% at 4k context); (2) superior scalability with increased computation (80.1% vs. 66.6% at 20k total tokens); (3) improved accuracy at equivalent latency (75.2% vs. 57.3% at approximately 5,000ms). APR represents a step towards enabling language models to autonomously optimize their reasoning processes through adaptive allocation of computation.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2504.15466","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0055c0e439e5185ac71cbed49f3bb619839899ad","result_position":19,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":278768852,"title":"A*-Decoding: Token-Efficient Inference Scaling","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Giannis Chatziveroglou"],"abstract":"Inference-time scaling has emerged as a powerful alternative to parameter scaling for improving language model performance on complex reasoning tasks. While existing methods have shown strong performance gains under fixed compute budgets, there has been little focus on optimally utilizing that budget during inference. In this work, we introduce A*-decoding, a search-based inference-time strategy that builds on the A* search algorithm to optimally utilize a fixed compute budget by prioritizing high-quality reasoning paths during generation. We frame language model decoding as a structured search in a state space of partial solutions, applying the A* transition model to identify promising continuations guided by an external process supervision signal. In our experiments, A*-decoding reaches the performance levels of strong inference scaling baselines like best-of-N and particle filtering while using up to 3x fewer tokens and 30% fewer PRM passes under equivalent compute budgets. On the MATH500 and AIME 2024 benchmarks, A*-decoding enables Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct to match the performance of the 70x larger Llama-3.1-70B-Instruct, and allows Qwen3-1.7B to reach o1-like reasoning accuracy. These results highlight the power of structured search in decoding, offering an alternative to brute-force sampling or scale-driven gains. Our work demonstrates how thoughtful inference-time strategies can enhance reasoning in SLMs, pointing toward future advances in more efficient and scalable language model deployment.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2505.13672","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b262d81f5faf1b88f24f361132e84fa3c1dd08ba","result_position":20,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":277467322,"title":"A Survey on Test-Time Scaling in Large Language Models: What, How, Where, and How Well?","venue":"","year":2025,"authors":["Qiyuan Zhang","Fuyuan Lyu","Zexu Sun","Lei Wang","Weixu Zhang","Zhihan Guo","Yufei Wang","Irwin King","Xue Liu","Chen Ma"],"abstract":"As enthusiasm for scaling computation (data and parameters) in the pretraining era gradually diminished, test-time scaling (TTS), also referred to as ``test-time computing'' has emerged as a prominent research focus. Recent studies demonstrate that TTS can further elicit the problem-solving capabilities of large language models (LLMs), enabling significant breakthroughs not only in specialized reasoning tasks, such as mathematics and coding, but also in general tasks like open-ended Q&A. However, despite the explosion of recent efforts in this area, there remains an urgent need for a comprehensive survey offering a systemic understanding. To fill this gap, we propose a unified, multidimensional framework structured along four core dimensions of TTS research: what to scale, how to scale, where to scale, and how well to scale. Building upon this taxonomy, we conduct an extensive review of methods, application scenarios, and assessment aspects, and present an organized decomposition that highlights the unique functional roles of individual techniques within the broader TTS landscape. From this analysis, we distill the major developmental trajectories of TTS to date and offer hands-on guidelines for practical deployment. Furthermore, we identify several open challenges and offer insights into promising future directions, including further scaling, clarifying the functional essence of techniques, generalizing to more tasks, and more attributions. Our repository is available on https://github.com/testtimescaling/testtimescaling.github.io/","doi":"","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f26fcc2b9fc8944e054425d19c12b9d5cca64fcb","result_position":21,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":278740237,"title":"AutoGEEval: A Multimodal and Automated Framework for Geospatial Code Generation on GEE with Large Language Models","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Shuyang Hou","Zhangxiao Shen","Huayi Wu","Jianyuan Liang","Haoyue Jiao","Yaxian Qing","Xiaopu Zhang","Xu Li","Zhipeng Gui","Xuefeng Guan","Longgang Xiang"],"abstract":"Geospatial code generation is emerging as a key direction in the integration of artificial intelligence and geoscientific analysis. However, there remains a lack of standardized tools for automatic evaluation in this domain. To address this gap, we propose AutoGEEval, the first multimodal, unit-level automated evaluation framework for geospatial code generation tasks on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform powered by large language models (LLMs). Built upon the GEE Python API, AutoGEEval establishes a benchmark suite (AutoGEEval-Bench) comprising 1325 test cases that span 26 GEE data types. The framework integrates both question generation and answer verification components to enable an end-to-end automated evaluation pipeline-from function invocation to execution validation. AutoGEEval supports multidimensional quantitative analysis of model outputs in terms of accuracy, resource consumption, execution efficiency, and error types. We evaluate 18 state-of-the-art LLMs-including general-purpose, reasoning-augmented, code-centric, and geoscience-specialized models-revealing their performance characteristics and potential optimization pathways in GEE code generation. This work provides a unified protocol and foundational resource for the development and assessment of geospatial code generation models, advancing the frontier of automated natural language to domain-specific code translation.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2505.12900","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/512ad1184e2213b4d773e554d9bc154b4e1d1df4","result_position":22,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":276107163,"title":"OverThink: Slowdown Attacks on Reasoning LLMs","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Abhinav Kumar","Jaechul Roh","Ali Naseh","Marzena Karpinska","Mohit Iyyer","Amir Houmansadr","Eugene Bagdasarian"],"abstract":"Most flagship language models generate explicit reasoning chains, enabling inference-time scaling. However, producing these reasoning chains increases token usage (i.e., reasoning tokens), which in turn increases latency and costs. Our OverThink attack increases overhead for applications that rely on reasoning language models (RLMs) and external context by forcing them to spend substantially more reasoning tokens while still producing contextually correct answers. An adversary mounts an attack by injecting decoy reasoning problems into public content that is consumed by RLM at inference time. Because our decoys (e.g., Markov decision processes, Sudokus, etc.) are benign, they evade safety filters. We evaluate OverThink on both closed-source and open-source reasoning models across the FreshQA, SQuAD, and MuSR datasets. We also explore the attack in multi-modal settings by creating images that cause excessive reasoning. We show that the resulting slowdown transfers across models. Finally, we explore both LLM-based and systems-level defenses, and discuss the societal, financial, and energy implications of the OverThink attacks.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2502.02542","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d83f326e5c0aed1d0cb82a6e9a9e09d3b72394aa","result_position":23,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":279244687,"title":"Just Enough Thinking: Efficient Reasoning with Adaptive Length Penalties Reinforcement Learning","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Violet Xiang","Chase Blagden","Rafael Rafailov","nathan lile","Sang Truong","Chelsea Finn","Nick Haber"],"abstract":"Large reasoning models (LRMs) achieve higher performance on challenging reasoning tasks by generating more tokens at inference time, but this verbosity often wastes computation on easy problems. Existing solutions, including supervised finetuning on shorter traces, user-controlled budgets, or RL with uniform penalties, either require data curation, manual configuration, or treat all problems alike regardless of difficulty. We introduce Adaptive Length Penalty (ALP), a reinforcement learning objective tailoring generation length to per-prompt solve rate. During training, ALP monitors each prompt's online solve rate through multiple rollouts and adds a differentiable penalty whose magnitude scales inversely with that rate, so confident (easy) prompts incur a high cost for extra tokens while hard prompts remain unhindered. Posttraining DeepScaleR-1.5B with ALP cuts average token usage by 50\\% without significantly dropping performance. Relative to fixed-budget and uniform penalty baselines, ALP redistributes its reduced budget more intelligently by cutting compute on easy prompts and reallocating saved tokens to difficult ones, delivering higher accuracy on the hardest problems with higher cost.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2506.05256","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/94bbe80766824ca4163b2578e19daf6b9f2b1fd6","result_position":24,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":279244515,"title":"Accelerated Test-Time Scaling with Model-Free Speculative Sampling","venue":"Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","year":2025,"authors":["Woomin Song","Saket Dingliwal","Sai Muralidhar Jayanthi","Bhavana Ganesh","Jinwoo Shin","A. Galstyan","S. Bodapati"],"abstract":"Language models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in reasoning tasks through test-time scaling techniques like best-of-N sampling and tree search. However, these approaches often demand substantial computational resources, creating a critical trade-off between performance and efficiency. We introduce STAND (STochastic Adaptive N-gram Drafting), a novel model-free speculative decoding approach that exploits the inherent redundancy in reasoning trajectories to achieve significant acceleration without compromising accuracy. Our analysis shows that reasoning paths frequently reuse similar reasoning patterns, enabling efficient model-free token prediction without requiring separate draft models. By introducing stochastic drafting and preserving probabilistic information through a memory-efficient logit-based N-gram module, combined with optimized Gumbel-Top-K sampling and data-driven tree construction, STAND significantly improves token acceptance rates. Extensive evaluations across multiple models and reasoning tasks (AIME-2024, GPQA-Diamond, and LiveCodeBench) demonstrate that STAND reduces inference latency by 60-65% compared to standard autoregressive decoding while maintaining accuracy. Furthermore, STAND consistently outperforms state-of-the-art speculative decoding methods across diverse inference patterns, including single-trajectory decoding, batch decoding, and test-time tree search. As a model-free approach, STAND can be applied to any existing language model without additional training, making it a powerful plug-and-play solution for accelerating language model reasoning.","doi":"10.18653/v1/2025.emnlp-main.1558","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1594f1e5a96eff1e521627aad3b659cf9ba4ab65","result_position":25,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":279261265,"title":"Reinforcement Fine-Tuning for Reasoning towards Multi-Step Multi-Source Search in Large Language Models","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Wentao Shi","Yiqing Shen"],"abstract":"Large language models (LLMs) can face factual limitations when responding to time-sensitive queries about recent events that arise after their knowledge thresholds in the training corpus. Existing search-augmented approaches fall into two categories, each with distinct limitations: multi-agent search frameworks incur substantial computational overhead by separating search planning and response synthesis across multiple LLMs, while single-LLM tool-calling methods restrict themselves to sequential planned, single-query searches from sole search sources. We present Reasoning-Search (R-Search), a single-LLM search framework that unifies multi-step planning, multi-source search execution, and answer synthesis within one coherent inference process. Innovatively, it structure the output into four explicitly defined components, including reasoning steps that guide the search process (), a natural-language directed acyclic graph that represents the search plans with respect to diverse sources (), retrieved results from executing the search plans (), and synthesized final answers (). To enable effective generation of these structured outputs, we propose a specialized Reinforcement Fine-Tuning (ReFT) method based on GRPO, together with a multi-component reward function that optimizes LLM's answer correctness, structural validity of the generated DAG, and adherence to the defined output format. Experimental evaluation on FinSearchBench-24, SearchExpertBench-25, and seven Q and A benchmarks demonstrates that R-Search outperforms state-of-the-art methods, while achieving substantial efficiency gains through 70% reduction in context token usage and approximately 50% decrease in execution latency. Code is available at https://github.com/wentao0429/Reasoning-search.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2506.08352","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cfe8776f8a99bfdfdcdb4ac660aae9f0eb59e33c","result_position":26,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":279318436,"title":"AutoGEEval++: A multi-level and multi-geospatial-modality automated evaluation framework for large language models in geospatial code generation on Google Earth Engine","venue":"Big Earth Data","year":2025,"authors":["Shuyang Hou","Zhangxiao Shen","Huayi Wu","Haoyue Jiao","Ziqi Liu","Lutong Xie","Chang Liu","Jianyuan Liang","Yaxian Qing","Xiaopu Zhang","D. Peng","Zhipeng Gui","Xuefeng Guan"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT Geospatial code generation is crucial in integrating AI with geo-scientific analysis, but standardized evaluation tools are lacking. This study presents AutoGEEval++, an enhanced framework for evaluating large language models (LLMs) that generate geospatial code on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. Built on the GEE Python API, AutoGEEval++ includes a benchmark dataset—AutoGEEval++-Bench—comprising 6,365 test cases across 26 GEE data types and three task categories: unit test, combination test, and theme test. The framework offers a fully automated evaluation pipeline, from code generation to execution-based validation, using multi-dimensional metrics such as accuracy, resource consumption, runtime efficiency, and error types. It also supports boundary testing and error pattern analysis. We assess 24 leading LLMs (as of June 2025) spanning general-purpose, reasoning-enhanced, code-centric, and geoscience-specific models. Experimental results highlight distinct performance, stability, and error patterns, demonstrating the framework’s scalability for vertical-domain code generation. This study establishes the first standardized evaluation protocol and resource suite for GEE-based LLM code generation, providing a unified benchmark and a methodology for evaluating the transition from natural language to domain-specific code, advancing geospatial AI research.","doi":"10.1080/20964471.2025.2581425","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b8abe0fcd9e09a1ff2d4c19dc6cbeee989dd010d","result_position":27,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":278959473,"title":"THINK-Bench: Evaluating Thinking Efficiency and Chain-of-Thought Quality of Large Reasoning Models","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Zhiyuan Li","Yi Chang","Yuan Wu"],"abstract":"Large reasoning models (LRMs) have achieved impressive performance in complex tasks, often outperforming conventional large language models (LLMs). However, the prevalent issue of overthinking severely limits their computational efficiency. Overthinking occurs when models generate excessive and redundant tokens that contribute little to accurate outcomes, especially in simple tasks, resulting in a significant waste of computational resources. To systematically investigate this issue, we introduce Think-Bench, a benchmark designed to evaluate the reasoning efficiency of LRMs. We also propose novel efficiency metrics and conduct a comprehensive evaluation of various LRMs across multiple dimensions, including the reasoning process, outcome quality, and chain-of-thought (CoT) characteristics. Our analysis reveals that most LRMs exhibit overthinking in handling easy questions, generating unnecessarily lengthy reasoning chains. While many LRMs demonstrate high CoT quality, several suffer from low efficiency. We hope that Think-Bench can serve as a robust foundation for advancing research into LRMs.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2505.22113","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e1961dfa28c2b6d490afec9190954ae57b481886","result_position":28,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":277467973,"title":"Hawkeye:Efficient Reasoning with Model Collaboration","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Jian-Yu She","Zhuohao Li","Zhemin Huang","Qi Li","Peiran Xu","Haonan Li","Qirong Ho"],"abstract":"Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning has demonstrated remarkable effectiveness in enhancing the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs). However, its efficiency remains a challenge due to the generation of excessive intermediate reasoning tokens, which introduce semantic redundancy and overly detailed reasoning steps. Moreover, computational expense and latency are significant concerns, as the cost scales with the number of output tokens, including those intermediate steps. In this work, we observe that most CoT tokens are unnecessary, and retaining only a small portion of them is sufficient for producing high-quality responses. Inspired by this, we propose HAWKEYE, a novel post-training and inference framework where a large model produces concise CoT instructions to guide a smaller model in response generation. HAWKEYE quantifies redundancy in CoT reasoning and distills high-density information via reinforcement learning. By leveraging these concise CoTs, HAWKEYE is able to expand responses while reducing token usage and computational cost significantly. Our evaluation shows that HAWKEYE can achieve comparable response quality using only 35% of the full CoTs, while improving clarity, coherence, and conciseness by approximately 10%. Furthermore, HAWKEYE can accelerate end-to-end reasoning by up to 3.4x on complex math tasks while reducing inference cost by up to 60%. HAWKEYE will be open-sourced and the models will be available soon.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2504.00424","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/18264e04721b87ca664e54cbd07e8ff1b2d683c1","result_position":29,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":278886065,"title":"First Finish Search: Efficient Test-Time Scaling in Large Language Models","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Aradhye Agarwal","Ayan Sengupta","Tanmoy Chakraborty"],"abstract":"Test-time scaling (TTS), which involves dynamic allocation of compute during inference, offers a promising way to improve reasoning in large language models. While existing TTS methods work well, they often rely on long decoding paths or require a large number of samples to be generated, increasing the token usage and inference latency. We observe the surprising fact that for reasoning tasks, shorter traces are much more likely to be correct than longer ones. Motivated by this, we introduce First Finish Search (FFS), a training-free parallel decoding strategy that launches $n$ independent samples and returns as soon as any one completes. We evaluate FFS alongside simple decoding, beam search, majority voting, and budget forcing on four reasoning models (DeepSeek-R1, R1-Distill-Qwen-32B, QwQ-32B and Phi-4-Reasoning-Plus) and across four datasets (AIME24, AIME25-I, AIME25-II and GPQA Diamond). With DeepSeek-R1, FFS achieves $82.23\\%$ accuracy on the AIME datasets, a $15\\%$ improvement over DeepSeek-R1's standalone accuracy, nearly matching OpenAI's o4-mini performance. Our theoretical analysis explains why stopping at the shortest trace is likely to yield a correct answer and identifies the conditions under which early stopping may be suboptimal. The elegance and simplicity of FFS demonstrate that straightforward TTS strategies can perform remarkably well, revealing the untapped potential of simple approaches at inference time.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2505.18149","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7421c7342a15c24fc57832be4af7bd61d8b7927c","result_position":30,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":278394696,"title":"Scalable Chain of Thoughts via Elastic Reasoning","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Yuhui Xu","Hanze Dong","Lei Wang","Doyen Sahoo","Junnan Li","Caiming Xiong"],"abstract":"Large reasoning models (LRMs) have achieved remarkable progress on complex tasks by generating extended chains of thought (CoT). However, their uncontrolled output lengths pose significant challenges for real-world deployment, where inference-time budgets on tokens, latency, or compute are strictly constrained. We propose Elastic Reasoning, a novel framework for scalable chain of thoughts that explicitly separates reasoning into two phases--thinking and solution--with independently allocated budgets. At test time, Elastic Reasoning prioritizes the completeness of solution segments, significantly improving reliability under tight resource constraints. To train models that are robust to truncated thinking, we introduce a lightweight budget-constrained rollout strategy, integrated into GRPO, which teaches the model to reason adaptively when the thinking process is cut short and generalizes effectively to unseen budget constraints without additional training. Empirical results on mathematical (AIME, MATH500) and programming (LiveCodeBench, Codeforces) benchmarks demonstrate that Elastic Reasoning performs robustly under strict budget constraints, while incurring significantly lower training cost than baseline methods. Remarkably, our approach also produces more concise and efficient reasoning even in unconstrained settings. Our code has been made available at https://github.com/SalesforceAIResearch/Elastic-Reasoning.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2505.05315","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e3e345499763162605cded6d99eb9963d356ef5c","result_position":31,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":278782492,"title":"ThinkLess: A Training-Free Inference-Efficient Method for Reducing Reasoning Redundancy","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Gengyang Li","Yifeng Gao","Yuming Li","Yunfang Wu"],"abstract":"While Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting improves reasoning in large language models (LLMs), the excessive length of reasoning tokens increases latency and KV cache memory usage, and may even truncate final answers under context limits. We propose ThinkLess, an inference-efficient framework that terminates reasoning generation early and maintains output quality without modifying the model. Atttention analysis reveals that answer tokens focus minimally on earlier reasoning steps and primarily attend to the reasoning terminator token, due to information migration under causal masking. Building on this insight, ThinkLess inserts the terminator token at earlier positions to skip redundant reasoning while preserving the underlying knowledge transfer. To prevent format discruption casued by early termination, ThinkLess employs a lightweight post-regulation mechanism, relying on the model's natural instruction-following ability to produce well-structured answers. Without fine-tuning or auxiliary data, ThinkLess achieves comparable accuracy to full-length CoT decoding while greatly reducing decoding time and memory consumption.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2505.15684","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f420b30ab33f0081b8f8b9e3fbe39c4c412a56d1","result_position":32,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":278534954,"title":"Making Small Language Models Efficient Reasoners: Intervention, Supervision, Reinforcement","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Xuechen Zhang","Zijian Huang","Chenchun Ni","Ziyang Xiong","Jiasi Chen","Samet Oymak"],"abstract":"Recent research enhances language model reasoning by scaling test-time compute via longer chain-of-thought traces. This often improves accuracy but also introduces redundancy and high computational cost, especially for small language models distilled with supervised fine-tuning (SFT). In this work, we propose new algorithms to improve token-efficient reasoning with small-scale models by effectively trading off accuracy and computation. We first show that the post-SFT model fails to determine the optimal stopping point of the reasoning process, resulting in verbose and repetitive outputs. Verbosity also significantly varies across wrong vs correct responses. To address these issues, we propose two solutions: (1) Temperature scaling (TS) to control the stopping point for the thinking phase and thereby trace length, and (2) TLDR: a length-regularized reinforcement learning method based on GRPO that facilitates multi-level trace length control (e.g. short, medium, long reasoning). Experiments on four reasoning benchmarks, MATH500, AMC, AIME24 and OlympiadBench, demonstrate that TS is highly effective compared to s1's budget forcing approach and TLDR significantly improves token efficiency by about 50% with minimal to no accuracy loss over the SFT baseline. Moreover, TLDR also facilitates flexible control over the response length, offering a practical and effective solution for token-efficient reasoning in small models. Ultimately, our work reveals the importance of stopping time control, highlights shortcomings of pure SFT, and provides effective algorithmic recipes.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2505.07961","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/039b99b4715148e7f4f875c14d0c54e3ac23ef2c","result_position":33,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":278394558,"title":"Putting the Value Back in RL: Better Test-Time Scaling by Unifying LLM Reasoners With Verifiers","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Kusha Sareen","Morgane M Moss","Alessandro Sordoni","Rishabh Agarwal","Arian Hosseini"],"abstract":"Prevalent reinforcement learning~(RL) methods for fine-tuning LLM reasoners, such as GRPO or Leave-one-out PPO, abandon the learned value function in favor of empirically estimated returns. This hinders test-time compute scaling that relies on using the value-function for verification. Yet if parallel test-time compute is already part of the deployment plan, training should be designed to support it. In this work, we propose RL$^V$ that augments any ``value-free''RL method by jointly training the LLM as both a reasoner and a generative verifier using RL-generated data, adding verification capabilities without significant overhead. Empirically, RL$^V$ boosts MATH accuracy by over 20\\% with parallel sampling and enables $8-32\\times$ efficient test-time compute scaling compared to the base RL method. RL$^V$ also exhibits strong generalization capabilities for both easy-to-hard and out-of-domain tasks. Furthermore, RL$^V$ achieves $1.2-1.6\\times$ higher performance when jointly scaling parallel and sequential test-time compute with a long reasoning R1 model. More broadly, RL$^V$ instantiates the principle of co-training for test-time scaling: jointly optimizing for task performance and a capability useful at inference, using data that RL training already produces.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2505.04842","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4db3afe05068d7f7befd5be3cfdcfbbcb54f1cb5","result_position":34,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":279999281,"title":"ConciseHint: Boosting Efficient Reasoning via Continuous Concise Hints during Generation","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Siao Tang","Xinyin Ma","Gongfan Fang","Xinchao Wang"],"abstract":"Recent advancements in large reasoning models (LRMs) like DeepSeek-R1 and OpenAI o1 series have achieved notable performance enhancements on complex reasoning tasks by scaling up the generation length by Chain-of-Thought (CoT). However, a critical issue is their tendency to produce excessively verbose reasoning processes, leading to the inefficiency problem. Existing literature on improving efficiency mainly adheres to the before-reasoning paradigms such as prompting and reasoning or fine-tuning and reasoning, but ignores the promising direction of directly encouraging the model to speak concisely by intervening during the generation of reasoning. In order to fill the blank, we propose a framework dubbed ConciseHint, which continuously encourages the reasoning model to speak concisely by injecting learnable hints (manually designed or learned on concise data) during the generation of the reasoning. Besides, ConciseHint is adaptive to the complexity of the query by adaptively adjusting the hint intensity, which ensures it will not undermine model performance. Experiments on the state-of-the-art LRMs, including DeepSeek-R1 and Qwen-3 series, demonstrate that our method can effectively produce concise reasoning while maintaining the performance well. Moreover, we show that ConciseHint is flexible and can be seamlessly integrated with existing methods to further push the upper bound of the efficiency.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2506.18810","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7e384964f7776e67199568311bd8eed8db77d7ad","result_position":35,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":278910919,"title":"Safety Through Reasoning: An Empirical Study of Reasoning Guardrail Models","venue":"Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","year":2025,"authors":["Makesh Narsimhan Sreedhar","Traian Rebedea","Christopher Parisien"],"abstract":"Reasoning-based language models have demonstrated strong performance across various domains, with the most notable gains seen in mathematical and coding tasks. Recent research has shown that reasoning also offers significant benefits for LLM safety and guardrail applications. In this work, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of training reasoning-based guardrail models for content moderation, with an emphasis on generalization to custom safety policies at inference time. Our study focuses on two key dimensions: data efficiency and inference efficiency. On the data front, we find that reasoning-based models exhibit strong sample efficiency, achieving competitive performance with significantly fewer training examples than their non-reasoning counterparts. This unlocks the potential to repurpose the remaining data for mining high-value, difficult samples that further enhance model performance. On the inference side, we evaluate practical trade-offs by introducing reasoning budgets, examining the impact of reasoning length on latency and accuracy, and exploring dual-mode training to allow runtime control over reasoning behavior. Our findings will provide practical insights for researchers and developers to effectively and efficiently train and deploy reasoning-based guardrails models in real-world systems.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2505.20087","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1ebfa83c21cd0af533d701c8a87a835801af2255","result_position":36,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":278165884,"title":"AutoJudge: Judge Decoding Without Manual Annotation","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Roman Garipov","Fedor Velikonivtsev","Ruslan Svirschevski","Vage Egiazarian","Max Ryabinin"],"abstract":"We introduce AutoJudge, a method that accelerates large language model (LLM) inference with task-specific lossy speculative decoding. Instead of matching the original model output distribution token-by-token, we identify which of the generated tokens affect the downstream quality of the response, relaxing the distribution match guarantee so that the\"unimportant\"tokens can be generated faster. Our approach relies on a semi-greedy search algorithm to test which of the mismatches between target and draft models should be corrected to preserve quality and which ones may be skipped. We then train a lightweight classifier based on existing LLM embeddings to predict, at inference time, which mismatching tokens can be safely accepted without compromising the final answer quality. We evaluate the effectiveness of AutoJudge with multiple draft/target model pairs on mathematical reasoning and programming benchmarks, achieving significant speedups at the cost of a minor accuracy reduction. Notably, on GSM8k with the Llama 3.1 70B target model, our approach achieves up to $\\approx2\\times$ speedup over speculative decoding at the cost of $\\le 1\\%$ drop in accuracy. When applied to the LiveCodeBench benchmark, AutoJudge automatically detects programming-specific important tokens, accepting $\\ge 25$ tokens per speculation cycle at $2\\%$ drop in Pass@1. Our approach requires no human annotation and is easy to integrate with modern LLM inference frameworks.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2504.20039","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9c2db91ea3795306d2a404b8f040a10ddea8b09a","result_position":37,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":277955859,"title":"An Empirical Study of LLM Reasoning Ability Under Strict Output Length Constraint","venue":"Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","year":2025,"authors":["Yi Sun","Han Wang","Jiaqiang Li","Jiacheng Liu","Xiangyu Li","Hao Wen","Yizhen Yuan","Huiwen Zheng","Yan Liang","Yuanchun Li","Yunxin Liu"],"abstract":"Recent work has demonstrated the remarkable potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) in test-time scaling. By making models think before answering, they are able to achieve much higher accuracy with extra inference computation. However, in many real-world scenarios, models are used under time constraints, where an answer should be given within a certain output length. It is unclear whether and how the reasoning ability of different LLMs remain effective under strict constraints. We take a first look at this problem by conducting an in-depth empirical study. Specifically, we test 30 LLMs on common reasoning datasets under a wide range of output length budgets, and we analyze the correlation between the inference accuracy and various properties including model type, model size, prompt style, etc. We also consider the mappings between token budgets and actual on-device latency budgets. The results have demonstrated several interesting findings regarding the budget-aware LLM reasoning ability that differ from the unconstrained situation, e.g. the optimal choices of either model size or prompt style change under different budgets. These findings offer timely evaluation to this area and practical guidance for users to deploy LLMs under real-world latency constraints.","doi":"10.18653/v1/2025.emnlp-main.389","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6eec64f415c86800f1829afcad685cc0f4054fdd","result_position":38,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":280277667,"title":"Characterizing Communication Patterns in Distributed Large Language Model Inference","venue":"IEEE Symposium on High-Performance Interconnects","year":2025,"authors":["Lang Xu","K. Suresh","Quentin G. Anthony","Nawras Alnaasan","D. Panda"],"abstract":"Large Language Models (LLMs) built on transformer architectures have transformed natural language processing, achieving remarkable performance across diverse applications. While distributed inference frameworks enable practical deployment of these models, inter-GPU communication creates significant performance constraints that limit service quality in real-world systems. This paper investigates communication dynamics in distributed LLM serving-analyzing how various parallelization approaches coordinate data exchange between GPU workers during inference. We study dense transformer-based models as representative examples of contemporary architectures widely used in operational deployments. Our work combines detailed profiling measurements with predictive analytical models to characterize communication behavior across different parallelization configurations. Results show that tensor parallelism incurs substantial network overhead but delivers superior response times for brief sequences, pipeline parallelism minimizes data transfer requirements while increasing total latency, and combined approaches demand careful tuning to achieve balanced performance. These insights offer practical recommendations for selecting appropriate parallelization schemes in production LLM services and identify key opportunities for optimizing inference frameworks and communication infrastructure.","doi":"10.1109/HOTI66940.2025.00025","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/825139bf339db11531b52b92c0b4dc5aa4b6295e","result_position":39,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":279068930,"title":"Towards Effective Code-Integrated Reasoning","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Fei Bai","Yingqian Min","Beichen Zhang","Zhipeng Chen","Wayne Xin Zhao","Lei Fang","Zheng Liu","Zhongyuan Wang","Ji-Rong Wen"],"abstract":"In this paper, we investigate code-integrated reasoning, where models generate code when necessary and integrate feedback by executing it through a code interpreter. To acquire this capability, models must learn when and how to use external code tools effectively, which is supported by tool-augmented reinforcement learning (RL) through interactive learning. Despite its benefits, tool-augmented RL can still suffer from potential instability in the learning dynamics. In light of this challenge, we present a systematic approach to improving the training effectiveness and stability of tool-augmented RL for code-integrated reasoning. Specifically, we develop enhanced training strategies that balance exploration and stability, progressively building tool-use capabilities while improving reasoning performance. Through extensive experiments on five mainstream mathematical reasoning benchmarks, our model demonstrates significant performance improvements over multiple competitive baselines. Furthermore, we conduct an in-depth analysis of the mechanism and effect of code-integrated reasoning, revealing several key insights, such as the extension of model's capability boundaries and the simultaneous improvement of reasoning efficiency through code integration. All data and code for reproducing this work are available at: https://github.com/RUCAIBox/CIR.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2505.24480","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ac1d5df9687455f405de44ef8190aa5321a99a5b","result_position":40,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":279250933,"title":"Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Adarsh Prasad Behera","J. Champati","Roberto Morabito","Sasu Tarkoma","J. Gross"],"abstract":"Recent progress in Language Models (LMs) has dramatically advanced the field of natural language processing (NLP), excelling at tasks like text generation, summarization, and question answering. However, their inference remains computationally expensive and energy intensive, especially in settings with limited hardware, power, or bandwidth. This makes it difficult to deploy LMs in mobile, edge, or cost sensitive environments. To address these challenges, recent approaches have introduced multi LLM intelligent model selection strategies that dynamically allocate computational resources based on query complexity -- using lightweight models for simpler queries and escalating to larger models only when necessary. This survey explores two complementary strategies for efficient LLM inference: (i) routing, which selects the most suitable model based on the query, and (ii) cascading or hierarchical inference (HI), which escalates queries through a sequence of models until a confident response is found. Both approaches aim to reduce computation by using lightweight models for simpler tasks while offloading only when needed. We provide a comparative analysis of these techniques across key performance metrics, discuss benchmarking efforts, and outline open challenges. Finally, we outline future research directions to enable faster response times, adaptive model selection based on task complexity, and scalable deployment across heterogeneous environments, making LLM based systems more efficient and accessible for real world applications.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2506.06579","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3bbafaace2b2343695c90d38903b9fbdd7fadf17","result_position":41,"is_clicked":false}],"string":"[\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 279305850,\n \"title\": \"CoRT: Code-integrated Reasoning within Thinking\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Chengpeng Li\",\n \"Zhengyang Tang\",\n \"Ziniu Li\",\n \"Mingfeng Xue\",\n \"Keqin Bao\",\n \"Tian Ding\",\n \"Ruoyu Sun\",\n \"Benyou Wang\",\n \"Xiang Wang\",\n \"Junyang Lin\",\n \"Dayiheng Liu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) like o1 and DeepSeek-R1 have shown remarkable progress in natural language reasoning with long chain-of-thought (CoT), yet they remain inefficient or inaccurate when handling complex mathematical operations. Addressing these limitations through computational tools (e.g., computation libraries and symbolic solvers) is promising, but it introduces a technical challenge: Code Interpreter (CI) brings external knowledge beyond the model's internal text representations, thus the direct combination is not efficient. This paper introduces CoRT, a post-training framework for teaching LRMs to leverage CI effectively and efficiently. As a first step, we address the data scarcity issue by synthesizing code-integrated reasoning data through Hint-Engineering, which strategically inserts different hints at appropriate positions to optimize LRM-CI interaction. We manually create 30 high-quality samples, upon which we post-train models ranging from 1.5B to 32B parameters, with supervised fine-tuning, rejection fine-tuning and reinforcement learning. Our experimental results demonstrate that Hint-Engineering models achieve 4\\\\% and 8\\\\% absolute improvements on DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-32B and DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-1.5B respectively, across five challenging mathematical reasoning datasets. Furthermore, Hint-Engineering models use about 30\\\\% fewer tokens for the 32B model and 50\\\\% fewer tokens for the 1.5B model compared with the natural language models. The models and code are available at https://github.com/ChengpengLi1003/CoRT.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2506.09820\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/eff086f0a6d66b6514322c6832f2469d057f33e3\",\n \"result_position\": 0,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 280079890,\n \"title\": \"HiRA: A Hierarchical Reasoning Framework for Decoupled Planning and Execution in Deep Search\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jiajie Jin\",\n \"Xiaoxi Li\",\n \"Guanting Dong\",\n \"Yuyao Zhang\",\n \"Yutao Zhu\",\n \"Yang Zhao\",\n \"Hongjin Qian\",\n \"Zhicheng Dou\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Complex information needs in real-world search scenarios demand deep reasoning and knowledge synthesis across diverse sources, which traditional retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) pipelines struggle to address effectively. Current reasoning-based approaches suffer from a fundamental limitation: they use a single model to handle both high-level planning and detailed execution, leading to inefficient reasoning and limited scalability. In this paper, we introduce HiRA, a hierarchical framework that separates strategic planning from specialized execution. Our approach decomposes complex search tasks into focused subtasks, assigns each subtask to domain-specific agents equipped with external tools and reasoning capabilities, and coordinates the results through a structured integration mechanism. This separation prevents execution details from disrupting high-level reasoning while enabling the system to leverage specialized expertise for different types of information processing. Experiments on four complex, cross-modal deep search benchmarks demonstrate that HiRA significantly outperforms state-of-the-art RAG and agent-based systems. Our results show improvements in both answer quality and system efficiency, highlighting the effectiveness of decoupled planning and execution for multi-step information seeking tasks. Our code is available at https://github.com/ignorejjj/HiRA.\",\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4c38d7d7ba935af14dfcce894c4fb2e0a0f26374\",\n \"result_position\": 1,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 267334795,\n \"title\": \"Efficient Tool Use with Chain-of-Abstraction Reasoning\",\n \"venue\": \"International Conference on Computational Linguistics\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Silin Gao\",\n \"Jane Dwivedi-Yu\",\n \"Ping Yu\",\n \"Xiaoqing Tan\",\n \"Ramakanth Pasunuru\",\n \"Olga Golovneva\",\n \"Koustuv Sinha\",\n \"Asli Celikyilmaz\",\n \"Antoine Bosselut\",\n \"Tianlu Wang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"To achieve faithful reasoning that aligns with human expectations, large language models (LLMs) need to ground their reasoning to real-world knowledge (e.g., web facts, math and physical rules). Tools help LLMs access this external knowledge, but there remains challenges for fine-tuning LLM agents (e.g., Toolformer) to invoke tools in multi-step reasoning problems, where inter-connected tool calls require holistic and efficient tool usage planning. In this work, we propose a new method for LLMs to better leverage tools in multi-step reasoning. Our method, Chain-of-Abstraction (CoA), trains LLMs to first decode reasoning chains with abstract placeholders, and then call domain tools to reify each reasoning chain by filling in specific knowledge. This planning with abstract chains enables LLMs to learn more general reasoning strategies, which are robust to shifts of domain knowledge (e.g., math results) relevant to different reasoning questions. It also allows LLMs to perform decoding and calling of external tools in parallel, which avoids the inference delay caused by waiting for tool responses. In mathematical reasoning and Wiki QA domains, we show that our method consistently outperforms previous chain-of-thought and tool-augmented baselines on both in-distribution and out-of-distribution test sets, with an average ~6% absolute QA accuracy improvement. LLM agents trained with our method also show more efficient tool use, with inference speed being on average ~1.4x faster than baseline tool-augmented LLMs.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2401.17464\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8fb92f51434543c4a8cd4980f84cf04552c712cc\",\n \"result_position\": 2,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 276408288,\n \"title\": \"SMART: Self-Aware Agent for Tool Overuse Mitigation\",\n \"venue\": \"Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Cheng Qian\",\n \"Emre Can Acikgoz\",\n \"Hongru Wang\",\n \"Xiusi Chen\",\n \"Avirup Sil\",\n \"Dilek Hakkani-Tur\",\n \"Gokhan Tur\",\n \"Heng Ji\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Current Large Language Model (LLM) agents demonstrate strong reasoning and tool use capabilities, but often lack self-awareness, failing to balance these approaches effectively. This imbalance leads to Tool Overuse, where models unnecessarily rely on external tools for tasks solvable with parametric knowledge, increasing computational overhead. Inspired by human metacognition, we introduce SMART (Strategic Model-Aware Reasoning with Tools), a paradigm that enhances an agent's self-awareness to optimize task handling and reduce tool overuse. To support this paradigm, we introduce SMART-ER, a dataset spanning three domains, where reasoning alternates between parametric knowledge and tool-dependent steps, with each step enriched by rationales explaining when tools are necessary. Through supervised training, we develop SMARTAgent, a family of models that dynamically balance parametric knowledge and tool use. Evaluations show that SMARTAgent reduces tool use by 24% while improving performance by over 37%, enabling 7B-scale models to match its 70B counterpart and GPT-4o. Additionally, SMARTAgent generalizes to out-of-distribution test data like GSM8K and MINTQA, maintaining accuracy with just one-fifth the tool calls. These highlight the potential of strategic tool use to enhance reasoning, mitigate overuse, and bridge the gap between model size and performance, advancing intelligent and resource-efficient agent designs.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2502.11435\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e0c33d7096a3767b595d2c3375be6daebd8dbc0d\",\n \"result_position\": 3,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 280149216,\n \"title\": \"Agentic-R1: Distilled Dual-Strategy Reasoning\",\n \"venue\": \"Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Weihua Du\",\n \"Pranjal Aggarwal\",\n \"S. Welleck\",\n \"Yiming Yang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Current long chain-of-thought (long-CoT) models excel at mathematical reasoning but rely on slow and error-prone natural language traces. Tool-augmented agents address arithmetic via code execution, but often falter on complex logical tasks. We introduce a fine-tuning framework, DualDistill, that distills complementary reasoning strategies from multiple teachers into a unified student model. Using this approach, we train Agentic-R1, which dynamically selects the optimal strategy for each query, invoking tools for arithmetic and algorithmic problems, and using text-based reasoning for abstract ones. Our method improves accuracy across a range of tasks, including both computation-intensive and standard benchmarks, demonstrating the effectiveness of multi-strategy distillation in achieving robust and efficient reasoning. Our project is available at https://github.com/StigLidu/DualDistill\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2507.05707\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0844db6fcc148864aaf339febc83c09cbfdd6534\",\n \"result_position\": 4,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 278498044,\n \"title\": \"Scaling LLM Test-Time Compute Optimally Can be More Effective than Scaling Parameters for Reasoning\",\n \"venue\": \"International Conference on Learning Representations\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"C. Snell\",\n \"Jaehoon Lee\",\n \"Kelvin Xu\",\n \"Aviral Kumar\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3eb116c1934dcff731a6d68a8e64115f6c00b369\",\n \"result_position\": 5,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 258967566,\n \"title\": \"ReWOO: Decoupling Reasoning from Observations for Efficient Augmented Language Models\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Binfeng Xu\",\n \"Zhiyuan Peng\",\n \"Bowen Lei\",\n \"Subhabrata Mukherjee\",\n \"Yuchen Liu\",\n \"Dongkuan Xu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Augmented Language Models (ALMs) blend the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) with tools that allow for knowledge retrieval and action execution. Existing ALM systems trigger LLM thought processes while pulling observations from these tools in an interleaved fashion. Specifically, an LLM reasons to call an external tool, gets halted to fetch the tool's response, and then decides the next action based on all preceding response tokens. Such a paradigm, though straightforward and easy to implement, often leads to huge computation complexity from redundant prompts and repeated execution. This study addresses such challenges for the first time, proposing a modular paradigm ReWOO (Reasoning WithOut Observation) that detaches the reasoning process from external observations, thus significantly reducing token consumption. Comprehensive evaluations across six public NLP benchmarks and a curated dataset reveal consistent performance enhancements with our proposed methodology. Notably, ReWOO achieves 5x token efficiency and 4% accuracy improvement on HotpotQA, a multi-step reasoning benchmark. Furthermore, ReWOO demonstrates robustness under tool-failure scenarios. Beyond prompt efficiency, decoupling parametric modules from non-parametric tool calls enables instruction fine-tuning to offload LLMs into smaller language models, thus substantially reducing model parameters. Our illustrative work offloads reasoning ability from 175B GPT3.5 into 7B LLaMA, demonstrating the significant potential for truly efficient and scalable ALM systems.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2305.18323\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/90027ca7802645671a69b00b65e1fa94e6b63544\",\n \"result_position\": 6,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 279244186,\n \"title\": \"The Cost of Dynamic Reasoning: Demystifying AI Agents and Test-Time Scaling from an AI Infrastructure Perspective\",\n \"venue\": \"International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jiin Kim\",\n \"Byeong-Gon Shin\",\n \"Jin-Won Chung\",\n \"Minsoo Rhu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large-language-model (LLM)-based AI agents have recently showcased impressive versatility by employing dynamic reasoning, an adaptive, multi-step process that coordinates with external tools. This shift from static, single-turn inference to agentic, multi-turn workflows broadens task generalization and behavioral flexibility, but it also introduces serious concerns about system-level cost, efficiency, and sustainability. This paper presents the first comprehensive system-level analysis of AI agents, quantifying their resource usage, latency behavior, energy consumption, and datacenter-wide power consumption demands across diverse agent designs and test-time scaling strategies. We further characterize how AI agent design choices, such as few-shot prompting, reflection depth, and parallel reasoning, impact accuracy-cost tradeoffs. Our findings reveal that while agents improve accuracy with increased compute, they suffer from rapidly diminishing returns, widening latency variance, and unsustainable infrastructure costs. Through detailed evaluation of representative agents, we highlight the profound computational demands introduced by AI agent workflows, uncovering a looming sustainability crisis. These results call for a paradigm shift in agent design toward compute-efficient reasoning, balancing performance with deployability under real-world constraints.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/HPCA68181.2026.11408569\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c1391af5e1f3c7ea53e26452f48fb6bdc8c04df6\",\n \"result_position\": 7,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 279245047,\n \"title\": \"SPRINT: Enabling Interleaved Planning and Parallelized Execution in Reasoning Models\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Emil Biju\",\n \"Shayan Talaei\",\n \"Zhemin Huang\",\n \"Mohammadreza Pourreza\",\n \"Azalia Mirhoseini\",\n \"Amin Saberi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large reasoning models (LRMs) excel at complex reasoning tasks but typically generate lengthy sequential chains-of-thought, resulting in long inference times before arriving at the final answer. To address this challenge, we introduce SPRINT, a novel post-training and inference-time framework designed to enable LRMs to dynamically identify and exploit opportunities for parallelization during their reasoning process. SPRINT incorporates an innovative data curation pipeline that reorganizes natural language reasoning trajectories into structured rounds of long-horizon planning and parallel execution. By fine-tuning LRMs on a small amount of such curated data, the models learn to dynamically identify independent subtasks within extended reasoning processes and effectively execute them in parallel. Through extensive evaluations, we demonstrate that models fine-tuned with the SPRINT framework match the performance of reasoning models on complex domains such as mathematics while generating up to 39% fewer sequential tokens on problems requiring more than 8,000 output tokens. Finally, we observe consistent results transferred to two out-of-distribution tasks, namely GPQA and Countdown, with up to 45% and 65% reduction in average sequential tokens respectively for longer reasoning trajectories, while matching the performance of the fine-tuned reasoning model.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2506.05745\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0965a1c7e2b64889ab7f9d69d42b465414378ab2\",\n \"result_position\": 8,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 267211955,\n \"title\": \"Towards Uncertainty-Aware Language Agent\",\n \"venue\": \"Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jiuzhou Han\",\n \"W. Buntine\",\n \"Ehsan Shareghi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"While Language Agents have achieved promising success by placing Large Language Models at the core of a more versatile design that dynamically interacts with the external world, the existing approaches neglect the notion of uncertainty during these interactions. We present the Uncertainty-Aware Language Agent (UALA), a framework that orchestrates the interaction between the agent and the external world using uncertainty quantification. Compared with other well-known counterparts like ReAct, our extensive experiments across 3 representative tasks (HotpotQA, StrategyQA, MMLU) and various LLM sizes demonstrate that UALA brings a significant improvement of performance, while having a substantially lower reliance on the external world (i.e., reduced number of tool calls and tokens). Our analyses provide various insights including the great potential of UALA compared with agent fine-tuning, and underscore the unreliability of verbalised confidence of LLMs as a proxy for uncertainty.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2401.14016\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/48fd140ea0f625471cb1018cbd743dc13eb7fca3\",\n \"result_position\": 9,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 273707197,\n \"title\": \"Kernel Looping: Eliminating Synchronization Boundaries for Peak Inference Performance\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"D. Koeplinger\",\n \"Darshan Gandhi\",\n \"Pushkar Nandkar\",\n \"Nathan Sheeley\",\n \"Matheen Musaddiq\",\n \"Leon Zhang\",\n \"Reid Goodbar\",\n \"M. Shaffer\",\n \"Han Wang\",\n \"Angela Wang\",\n \"Mingran Wang\",\n \"R. Prabhakar\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Token generation speed is critical to power the next wave of AI inference applications. GPUs significantly underperform during token generation due to synchronization overheads at kernel boundaries, utilizing only 21% of their peak memory bandwidth. While recent dataflow architectures mitigate these overheads by enabling aggressive fusion of decoder layers into a single kernel, they too leave performance on the table due to synchronization penalties at layer boundaries. This paper presents kernel looping, a specialized global optimization technique which exploits an optimization opportunity brought by combining the unique layer-level fusion possible in modern dataflow architectures with the repeated layer structure found in language models. Kernel looping eliminates synchronization costs between consecutive calls to the same kernel by transforming these calls into a single call to a modified kernel containing a pipelined outer loop. We evaluate kernel looping on the SambaNova SN40L Reconfigurable Dataflow Unit (RDU), a commercial dataflow accelerator for AI. Experiments demonstrate that kernel looping speeds up the decode phase of a wide array of powerful open-source models by up to 2.2$\\\\times$ on SN40L. Kernel looping allows scaling of decode performance over multiple SN40L sockets, achieving speedups of up to 2.5$\\\\times$. Finally, kernel looping enables SN40L to achieve over 90% of peak performance on 8 and 16 sockets and achieve a speedup of up to 3.7$\\\\times$ over DGX H100. Kernel looping, as well as the models evaluated in this paper, are deployed in production in a commercial AI inference cloud.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2410.23668\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d29b09cad79683cc972dfb49ea3597b92dfd18e8\",\n \"result_position\": 10,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 278788725,\n \"title\": \"Plan and Budget: Effective and Efficient Test-Time Scaling on Large Language Model Reasoning\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Junhong Lin\",\n \"Xinyue Zeng\",\n \"Jie Zhu\",\n \"Song Wang\",\n \"Julian Shun\",\n \"Jun Wu\",\n \"Dawei Zhou\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in complex reasoning tasks, but their inference remains computationally inefficient. We observe a common failure mode in many prevalent LLMs, overthinking, where models generate verbose and tangential reasoning traces even for simple queries. Recent work has tried to mitigate this by enforcing fixed token budgets, however, this can lead to underthinking, especially on harder problems. Through empirical analysis, we identify that this inefficiency often stems from unclear problem-solving strategies. To formalize this, we develop a theoretical model, BAM (Budget Allocation Model), which models reasoning as a sequence of sub-questions with varying uncertainty, and introduce the E3 metric to capture the trade-off between correctness and computation efficiency. Building on theoretical results from BAM, we propose Plan-and-Budget, a model-agnostic, test-time framework that decomposes complex queries into sub-questions and allocates token budgets based on estimated complexity using adaptive scheduling. Plan-and-Budget improves reasoning efficiency across a range of tasks and models, achieving up to 70% accuracy gains, 39% token reduction, and 193.8% improvement in E3. Notably, it improves the efficiency of a smaller model (DS-Qwen-32B) to match the efficiency of a larger model (DS-LLaMA-70B), demonstrating Plan-and-Budget's ability to close performance gaps without retraining. Our code is available at https://github.com/junhongmit/P-and-B.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2505.16122\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a37ee143f7b22dbc84d074b7285568f7556c4002\",\n \"result_position\": 11,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 277954755,\n \"title\": \"Acting Less is Reasoning More! Teaching Model to Act Efficiently\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Hongru Wang\",\n \"Cheng Qian\",\n \"Wanjun Zhong\",\n \"Xiusi Chen\",\n \"J. Qiu\",\n \"Shijue Huang\",\n \"Bowen Jin\",\n \"Mengdi Wang\",\n \"Kam-Fai Wong\",\n \"Heng Ji\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Tool-integrated reasoning (TIR) augments large language models (LLMs) with the ability to invoke external tools during long-form reasoning, such as search engines and code interpreters, to solve tasks beyond the capabilities of internal reasoning. While reinforcement learning (RL) has shown promise in training such agents, most of existing approaches typically optimize only for final correctness without considering the efficiency or necessity of external tool use. This often leads to excessive tool calling, incurring high computational costs and hindering the development of internal reasoning capabilities - a phenomenon known as \\\\textit{cognitive offloading}. To this end, we propose Optimal Tool Call-controlled Policy Optimization (OTC-PO), a simple yet effective RL-based framework that encourages models to produce accurate answers with minimal tool calls. Our method introduces a tool-integrated reward that jointly considers answer correctness and corresponding tool use behavior of model to reach that answer. To validate the effectiveness, we introduce the metric of \\\\textit{tool productivity}, defined as the ratio between the number of correct answers and the total number of tool calls across all test cases. This metric reflects how efficiently tool usage contributes to successful task completion, with higher values indicating smarter and more autonomous reasoning. We instantiate this framework within both Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) and Group Relative Preference Optimization (GRPO), resulting in OTC-PPO and OTC-GRPO. Experiments with Qwen-2.5 and Qwen-Math across multiple QA benchmarks show that our approach reduces tool calls by up to 68.3\\\\% and improves tool productivity by up to 215.4\\\\%, while maintaining comparable answer accuracy.\",\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/61583512c4704120349a1a5f0acb14ee1d893e29\",\n \"result_position\": 12,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 278310944,\n \"title\": \"Llama-Nemotron: Efficient Reasoning Models\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Bercovich\",\n \"Itay Levy\",\n \"Izik Golan\",\n \"Mohammad Dabbah\",\n \"Ran El-Yaniv\",\n \"Omri Puny\",\n \"Ido Galil\",\n \"Zach Moshe\",\n \"Tomer Ronen\",\n \"Najeeb Nabwani\",\n \"Ido Shahaf\",\n \"Oren Tropp\",\n \"Ehud Karpas\",\n \"Ran Zilberstein\",\n \"Jiaqi Zeng\",\n \"Soumye Singhal\",\n \"A. Bukharin\",\n \"Yian Zhang\",\n \"Tugrul Konuk\",\n \"Gerald Shen\",\n \"Ameya Mahabaleshwarkar\",\n \"Bilal Kartal\",\n \"Yoshi Suhara\",\n \"Olivier Delalleau\",\n \"Zijia Chen\",\n \"Zhilin Wang\",\n \"David Mosallanezhad\",\n \"Adi Renduchintala\",\n \"Haifeng Qian\",\n \"Dima Rekesh\",\n \"Fei Jia\",\n \"Somshubra Majumdar\",\n \"V. Noroozi\",\n \"W. Ahmad\",\n \"Sean Narenthiran\",\n \"Aleksander Ficek\",\n \"Mehrzad Samadi\",\n \"Jocelyn Huang\",\n \"Siddhartha Jain\",\n \"Igor Gitman\",\n \"Ivan Moshkov\",\n \"Wei Du\",\n \"Shubham Toshniwal\",\n \"George Armstrong\",\n \"B. Kisačanin\",\n \"Matvei Novikov\",\n \"Daria Gitman\",\n \"E. Bakhturina\",\n \"Prasoon Varshney\",\n \"Jane Scowcroft\",\n \"John Kamalu\",\n \"Dan Su\",\n \"Kezhi Kong\",\n \"Markus Kliegl\",\n \"Rabeeh Karimi\",\n \"Ying Lin\",\n \"S. Satheesh\",\n \"Jupinder Parmar\",\n \"Pritam Gundecha\",\n \"Brandon Norick\",\n \"Joseph Jennings\",\n \"Shrimai Prabhumoye\",\n \"Syeda Nahida Akter\",\n \"M. Patwary\",\n \"Abhinav Khattar\",\n \"Deepak Narayanan\",\n \"R. Waleffe\",\n \"Jimmy Zhang\",\n \"Bor-Yiing Su\",\n \"Guyue Huang\",\n \"Terry Kong\",\n \"Parth Chadha\",\n \"Sahil Jain\",\n \"C. Harvey\",\n \"Elad Segal\",\n \"Jining Huang\",\n \"Sergey Kashirsky\",\n \"Robert Mcqueen\",\n \"Izzy Putterman\",\n \"G. Lam\",\n \"Arun Venkatesan\",\n \"Sherry Wu\",\n \"V. Nguyen\",\n \"Manoj Kilaru\",\n \"Andrew Wang\",\n \"Anna Warno\",\n \"Abhilash Somasamudramath\",\n \"Sandip Bhaskar\",\n \"Maka Dong\",\n \"Nave Assaf\",\n \"Shahar Mor\",\n \"Omer Ullman Argov\",\n \"Scot Junkin\",\n \"O.O. Romanenko\",\n \"Pedro Larroy\",\n \"Monika Katariya\",\n \"Marco Rovinelli\",\n \"Viji Balas\",\n \"Nicholas Edelman\",\n \"Anahita Bhiwandiwalla\",\n \"Muthu Subramaniam\",\n \"Smita Ithape\",\n \"K. Ramamoorthy\",\n \"Yuting Wu\",\n \"S. Velury\",\n \"Omri Almog\",\n \"Joyjit Daw\",\n \"Denys Fridman\",\n \"Erick Galinkin\",\n \"Michael Evans\",\n \"K. Luna\",\n \"Leon Derczynski\",\n \"Nikki Pope\",\n \"E. Long\",\n \"Seth Schneider\",\n \"Guillermo Siman\",\n \"Tomasz Grzegorzek\",\n \"Pablo Ribalta\",\n \"Joey Conway\",\n \"Trisha Saar\",\n \"Ann Guan\",\n \"Krzysztof Pawelec\",\n \"Shyamala Prayaga\",\n \"Oleksii Kuchaiev\",\n \"Boris Ginsburg\",\n \"O. Olabiyi\",\n \"Kari Briski\",\n \"Jonathan Cohen\",\n \"Bryan Catanzaro\",\n \"Jonah Alben\",\n \"Yonatan Geifman\",\n \"Eric Chung\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"We introduce the Llama-Nemotron series of models, an open family of heterogeneous reasoning models that deliver exceptional reasoning capabilities, inference efficiency, and an open license for enterprise use. The family comes in three sizes -- Nano (8B), Super (49B), and Ultra (253B) -- and performs competitively with state-of-the-art reasoning models such as DeepSeek-R1 while offering superior inference throughput and memory efficiency. In this report, we discuss the training procedure for these models, which entails using neural architecture search from Llama 3 models for accelerated inference, knowledge distillation, and continued pretraining, followed by a reasoning-focused post-training stage consisting of two main parts: supervised fine-tuning and large scale reinforcement learning. Llama-Nemotron models are the first open-source models to support a dynamic reasoning toggle, allowing users to switch between standard chat and reasoning modes during inference. To further support open research and facilitate model development, we provide the following resources: 1. We release the Llama-Nemotron reasoning models -- LN-Nano, LN-Super, and LN-Ultra -- under the commercially permissive NVIDIA Open Model License Agreement. 2. We release the complete post-training dataset: Llama-Nemotron-Post-Training-Dataset. 3. We also release our training codebases: NeMo, NeMo-Aligner, and Megatron-LM.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2505.00949\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d3ab5e576bcf20c732101618f559fa57d8acc280\",\n \"result_position\": 13,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 277502385,\n \"title\": \"ToolACE-R: Model-aware Iterative Training and Adaptive Refinement for Tool learning\",\n \"venue\": \"AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Xingshan Zeng\",\n \"Weiwen Liu\",\n \"Xu Huang\",\n \"Zezhong Wang\",\n \"Lingzhi Wang\",\n \"Liangyou Li\",\n \"Yasheng Wang\",\n \"Lifeng Shang\",\n \"Xin Jiang\",\n \"Ruiming Tang\",\n \"Qun Liu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Tool learning, which allows Large Language Models (LLMs) to leverage external tools for solving complex user tasks, has emerged as a promising avenue for extending model capabilities. However, existing approaches primarily focus on data synthesis for fine-tuning LLMs to invoke tools effectively, largely ignoring how to fully stimulate the potential of the model. In this paper, we propose ToolACE-R, a novel framework that includes both model-aware iterative training and adaptive refinement for tool learning. ToolACE-R features a model-aware iterative training procedure that progressively adjust training samples based on the model’s evolving capabilities to maximize its potential. Additionally, it incorporates self-refinement training corpus which emphasizes LLM's ability to iteratively refine their tool calls, optimizing performance without requiring external feedback. Furthermore, we introduce adaptive self-refinement for efficient test-time scaling, where the trained model can autonomously determine when to stop the process based on iterative self-refinement. We conduct extensive experiments across several benchmark datasets, showing that ToolACE-R achieves competitive performance compared to advanced LLMs. The performance can be further improved efficiently through adaptive self-refinement. These results highlight the effectiveness and generalizability of ToolACE-R, offering a promising direction for more efficient and scalable tool learning.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1609/aaai.v40i41.40759\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dd20b8ffd9bd0348aabe629e7cab63365b435ee5\",\n \"result_position\": 14,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 271601023,\n \"title\": \"Inference Scaling Laws: An Empirical Analysis of Compute-Optimal Inference for LLM Problem-Solving\",\n \"venue\": \"International Conference on Learning Representations\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yangzhen Wu\",\n \"Zhiqing Sun\",\n \"Shanda Li\",\n \"S. Welleck\",\n \"Yiming Yang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"While the scaling laws of large language models (LLMs) training have been extensively studied, optimal inference configurations of LLMs remain underexplored. We study inference scaling laws (aka test-time scaling laws) and compute-optimal inference, focusing on the trade-offs between model sizes and generating additional tokens with different inference strategies. As a first step towards understanding and designing compute-optimal inference methods, we studied cost-performance trade-offs for inference strategies such as greedy search, majority voting, best-of-$n$, weighted voting, and two different tree search algorithms, using different model sizes and compute budgets. Our findings suggest that scaling inference compute with inference strategies can be more computationally efficient than scaling model parameters. Additionally, smaller models combined with advanced inference algorithms offer Pareto-optimal trade-offs in cost and performance. For example, the Llemma-7B model, when paired with our novel tree search algorithm, consistently outperforms the Llemma-34B model across all tested inference strategies on the MATH benchmark. We hope these insights contribute to a deeper understanding of inference scaling laws (test-time scaling laws) for LLMs.\",\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b945115f175231d7fafefbdeacdc40edc391273f\",\n \"result_position\": 15,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 277467964,\n \"title\": \"Inference-Time Scaling for Complex Tasks: Where We Stand and What Lies Ahead\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Vidhisha Balachandran\",\n \"Jingya Chen\",\n \"Lingjiao Chen\",\n \"Shivam Garg\",\n \"Neel Joshi\",\n \"Yash Lara\",\n \"J. Langford\",\n \"Besmira Nushi\",\n \"Vibhav Vineet\",\n \"Yue Wu\",\n \"Safoora Yousefi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Inference-time scaling can enhance the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) on complex problems that benefit from step-by-step problem solving. Although lengthening generated scratchpads has proven effective for mathematical tasks, the broader impact of this approach on other tasks remains less clear. In this work, we investigate the benefits and limitations of scaling methods across nine state-of-the-art models and eight challenging tasks, including math and STEM reasoning, calendar planning, NP-hard problems, navigation, and spatial reasoning. We compare conventional models (e.g., GPT-4o) with models fine-tuned for inference-time scaling (e.g., o1) through evaluation protocols that involve repeated model calls, either independently or sequentially with feedback. These evaluations approximate lower and upper performance bounds and potential for future performance improvements for each model, whether through enhanced training or multi-model inference systems. Our extensive empirical analysis reveals that the advantages of inference-time scaling vary across tasks and diminish as problem complexity increases. In addition, simply using more tokens does not necessarily translate to higher accuracy in these challenging regimes. Results from multiple independent runs with conventional models using perfect verifiers show that, for some tasks, these models can achieve performance close to the average performance of today's most advanced reasoning models. However, for other tasks, a significant performance gap remains, even in very high scaling regimes. Encouragingly, all models demonstrate significant gains when inference is further scaled with perfect verifiers or strong feedback, suggesting ample potential for future improvements.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2504.00294\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a231a99f0e6bbb63ad538bb6670ecf1fb3100c63\",\n \"result_position\": 16,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 279243086,\n \"title\": \"Inference-Time Hyper-Scaling with KV Cache Compression\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Adrian La'ncucki\",\n \"Konrad Staniszewski\",\n \"Piotr Nawrot\",\n \"E. Ponti\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Inference-time scaling trades efficiency for increased reasoning accuracy by generating longer or more parallel sequences. However, in Transformer LLMs, generation cost is bottlenecked by the size of the key-value (KV) cache, rather than the number of generated tokens. Hence, we explore inference-time hyper-scaling: by compressing the KV cache, we can generate more tokens within the same compute budget and further improve the accuracy of scaled inference. The success of this approach, however, hinges on the ability of compression methods to preserve accuracy even at high compression ratios. To make hyper-scaling practical, we introduce Dynamic Memory Sparsification (DMS), a novel method for sparsifying KV caches that only requires 1K training steps to achieve 8$\\\\times$ compression, while maintaining better accuracy than training-free sparse attention. Instead of prematurely discarding cached tokens, DMS delays token eviction, implicitly merging representations and preserving critical information. We demonstrate the effectiveness of inference-time hyper-scaling with DMS on multiple families of LLMs, showing that it boosts accuracy for comparable inference latency and memory load. For instance, we enhance Qwen-R1 32B by 12.0 points on AIME 24, 8.6 on GPQA, and 9.7 on LiveCodeBench on average for an equivalent number of memory reads.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2506.05345\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fb93a3b32f30566d81d43ea5e36ad444ea0205a7\",\n \"result_position\": 17,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 277954852,\n \"title\": \"Think Deep, Think Fast: Investigating Efficiency of Verifier-free Inference-time-scaling Methods\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Junlin Wang\",\n \"Shang Zhu\",\n \"Jon Saad-Falcon\",\n \"Ben Athiwaratkun\",\n \"Qingyang Wu\",\n \"Jue Wang\",\n \"S. Song\",\n \"Ce Zhang\",\n \"Bhuwan Dhingra\",\n \"James Zou\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"There is intense interest in investigating how inference time compute (ITC) (e.g. repeated sampling, refinements, etc) can improve large language model (LLM) capabilities. At the same time, recent breakthroughs in reasoning models, such as Deepseek-R1, unlock the opportunity for reinforcement learning to improve LLM reasoning skills. An in-depth understanding of how ITC interacts with reasoning across different models could provide important guidance on how to further advance the LLM frontier. This work conducts a comprehensive analysis of inference-time scaling methods for both reasoning and non-reasoning models on challenging reasoning tasks. Specifically, we focus our research on verifier-free inference time-scaling methods due to its generalizability without needing a reward model. We construct the Pareto frontier of quality and efficiency. We find that non-reasoning models, even with an extremely high inference budget, still fall substantially behind reasoning models. For reasoning models, majority voting proves to be a robust inference strategy, generally competitive or outperforming other more sophisticated ITC methods like best-of-N and sequential revisions, while the additional inference compute offers minimal improvements. We further perform in-depth analyses of the association of key response features (length and linguistic markers) with response quality, with which we can improve the existing ITC methods. We find that correct responses from reasoning models are typically shorter and have fewer hedging and thinking markers (but more discourse markers) than the incorrect responses.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2504.14047\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d6c745ac3f3f7682b9de0aa26b73daff1fc35bfe\",\n \"result_position\": 18,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 277994172,\n \"title\": \"Learning Adaptive Parallel Reasoning with Language Models\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jiayi Pan\",\n \"Xiuyu Li\",\n \"Long Lian\",\n \"Charles Burton Snell\",\n \"Yifei Zhou\",\n \"A. Yala\",\n \"Trevor Darrell\",\n \"Kurt Keutzer\",\n \"Alane Suhr\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Scaling inference-time computation has substantially improved the reasoning capabilities of language models. However, existing methods have significant limitations: serialized chain-of-thought approaches generate overly long outputs, leading to increased latency and exhausted context windows, while parallel methods such as self-consistency suffer from insufficient coordination, resulting in redundant computations and limited performance gains. To address these shortcomings, we propose Adaptive Parallel Reasoning (APR), a novel reasoning framework that enables language models to orchestrate both serialized and parallel computations end-to-end. APR generalizes existing reasoning methods by enabling adaptive multi-threaded inference using spawn() and join() operations. A key innovation is our end-to-end reinforcement learning strategy, optimizing both parent and child inference threads to enhance task success rate without requiring predefined reasoning structures. Experiments on the Countdown reasoning task demonstrate significant benefits of APR: (1) higher performance within the same context window (83.4% vs. 60.0% at 4k context); (2) superior scalability with increased computation (80.1% vs. 66.6% at 20k total tokens); (3) improved accuracy at equivalent latency (75.2% vs. 57.3% at approximately 5,000ms). APR represents a step towards enabling language models to autonomously optimize their reasoning processes through adaptive allocation of computation.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2504.15466\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0055c0e439e5185ac71cbed49f3bb619839899ad\",\n \"result_position\": 19,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 278768852,\n \"title\": \"A*-Decoding: Token-Efficient Inference Scaling\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Giannis Chatziveroglou\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Inference-time scaling has emerged as a powerful alternative to parameter scaling for improving language model performance on complex reasoning tasks. While existing methods have shown strong performance gains under fixed compute budgets, there has been little focus on optimally utilizing that budget during inference. In this work, we introduce A*-decoding, a search-based inference-time strategy that builds on the A* search algorithm to optimally utilize a fixed compute budget by prioritizing high-quality reasoning paths during generation. We frame language model decoding as a structured search in a state space of partial solutions, applying the A* transition model to identify promising continuations guided by an external process supervision signal. In our experiments, A*-decoding reaches the performance levels of strong inference scaling baselines like best-of-N and particle filtering while using up to 3x fewer tokens and 30% fewer PRM passes under equivalent compute budgets. On the MATH500 and AIME 2024 benchmarks, A*-decoding enables Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct to match the performance of the 70x larger Llama-3.1-70B-Instruct, and allows Qwen3-1.7B to reach o1-like reasoning accuracy. These results highlight the power of structured search in decoding, offering an alternative to brute-force sampling or scale-driven gains. Our work demonstrates how thoughtful inference-time strategies can enhance reasoning in SLMs, pointing toward future advances in more efficient and scalable language model deployment.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2505.13672\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b262d81f5faf1b88f24f361132e84fa3c1dd08ba\",\n \"result_position\": 20,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 277467322,\n \"title\": \"A Survey on Test-Time Scaling in Large Language Models: What, How, Where, and How Well?\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Qiyuan Zhang\",\n \"Fuyuan Lyu\",\n \"Zexu Sun\",\n \"Lei Wang\",\n \"Weixu Zhang\",\n \"Zhihan Guo\",\n \"Yufei Wang\",\n \"Irwin King\",\n \"Xue Liu\",\n \"Chen Ma\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"As enthusiasm for scaling computation (data and parameters) in the pretraining era gradually diminished, test-time scaling (TTS), also referred to as ``test-time computing'' has emerged as a prominent research focus. Recent studies demonstrate that TTS can further elicit the problem-solving capabilities of large language models (LLMs), enabling significant breakthroughs not only in specialized reasoning tasks, such as mathematics and coding, but also in general tasks like open-ended Q&A. However, despite the explosion of recent efforts in this area, there remains an urgent need for a comprehensive survey offering a systemic understanding. To fill this gap, we propose a unified, multidimensional framework structured along four core dimensions of TTS research: what to scale, how to scale, where to scale, and how well to scale. Building upon this taxonomy, we conduct an extensive review of methods, application scenarios, and assessment aspects, and present an organized decomposition that highlights the unique functional roles of individual techniques within the broader TTS landscape. From this analysis, we distill the major developmental trajectories of TTS to date and offer hands-on guidelines for practical deployment. Furthermore, we identify several open challenges and offer insights into promising future directions, including further scaling, clarifying the functional essence of techniques, generalizing to more tasks, and more attributions. Our repository is available on https://github.com/testtimescaling/testtimescaling.github.io/\",\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f26fcc2b9fc8944e054425d19c12b9d5cca64fcb\",\n \"result_position\": 21,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 278740237,\n \"title\": \"AutoGEEval: A Multimodal and Automated Framework for Geospatial Code Generation on GEE with Large Language Models\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Shuyang Hou\",\n \"Zhangxiao Shen\",\n \"Huayi Wu\",\n \"Jianyuan Liang\",\n \"Haoyue Jiao\",\n \"Yaxian Qing\",\n \"Xiaopu Zhang\",\n \"Xu Li\",\n \"Zhipeng Gui\",\n \"Xuefeng Guan\",\n \"Longgang Xiang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Geospatial code generation is emerging as a key direction in the integration of artificial intelligence and geoscientific analysis. However, there remains a lack of standardized tools for automatic evaluation in this domain. To address this gap, we propose AutoGEEval, the first multimodal, unit-level automated evaluation framework for geospatial code generation tasks on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform powered by large language models (LLMs). Built upon the GEE Python API, AutoGEEval establishes a benchmark suite (AutoGEEval-Bench) comprising 1325 test cases that span 26 GEE data types. The framework integrates both question generation and answer verification components to enable an end-to-end automated evaluation pipeline-from function invocation to execution validation. AutoGEEval supports multidimensional quantitative analysis of model outputs in terms of accuracy, resource consumption, execution efficiency, and error types. We evaluate 18 state-of-the-art LLMs-including general-purpose, reasoning-augmented, code-centric, and geoscience-specialized models-revealing their performance characteristics and potential optimization pathways in GEE code generation. This work provides a unified protocol and foundational resource for the development and assessment of geospatial code generation models, advancing the frontier of automated natural language to domain-specific code translation.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2505.12900\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/512ad1184e2213b4d773e554d9bc154b4e1d1df4\",\n \"result_position\": 22,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 276107163,\n \"title\": \"OverThink: Slowdown Attacks on Reasoning LLMs\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Abhinav Kumar\",\n \"Jaechul Roh\",\n \"Ali Naseh\",\n \"Marzena Karpinska\",\n \"Mohit Iyyer\",\n \"Amir Houmansadr\",\n \"Eugene Bagdasarian\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Most flagship language models generate explicit reasoning chains, enabling inference-time scaling. However, producing these reasoning chains increases token usage (i.e., reasoning tokens), which in turn increases latency and costs. Our OverThink attack increases overhead for applications that rely on reasoning language models (RLMs) and external context by forcing them to spend substantially more reasoning tokens while still producing contextually correct answers. An adversary mounts an attack by injecting decoy reasoning problems into public content that is consumed by RLM at inference time. Because our decoys (e.g., Markov decision processes, Sudokus, etc.) are benign, they evade safety filters. We evaluate OverThink on both closed-source and open-source reasoning models across the FreshQA, SQuAD, and MuSR datasets. We also explore the attack in multi-modal settings by creating images that cause excessive reasoning. We show that the resulting slowdown transfers across models. Finally, we explore both LLM-based and systems-level defenses, and discuss the societal, financial, and energy implications of the OverThink attacks.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2502.02542\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d83f326e5c0aed1d0cb82a6e9a9e09d3b72394aa\",\n \"result_position\": 23,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 279244687,\n \"title\": \"Just Enough Thinking: Efficient Reasoning with Adaptive Length Penalties Reinforcement Learning\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Violet Xiang\",\n \"Chase Blagden\",\n \"Rafael Rafailov\",\n \"nathan lile\",\n \"Sang Truong\",\n \"Chelsea Finn\",\n \"Nick Haber\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large reasoning models (LRMs) achieve higher performance on challenging reasoning tasks by generating more tokens at inference time, but this verbosity often wastes computation on easy problems. Existing solutions, including supervised finetuning on shorter traces, user-controlled budgets, or RL with uniform penalties, either require data curation, manual configuration, or treat all problems alike regardless of difficulty. We introduce Adaptive Length Penalty (ALP), a reinforcement learning objective tailoring generation length to per-prompt solve rate. During training, ALP monitors each prompt's online solve rate through multiple rollouts and adds a differentiable penalty whose magnitude scales inversely with that rate, so confident (easy) prompts incur a high cost for extra tokens while hard prompts remain unhindered. Posttraining DeepScaleR-1.5B with ALP cuts average token usage by 50\\\\% without significantly dropping performance. Relative to fixed-budget and uniform penalty baselines, ALP redistributes its reduced budget more intelligently by cutting compute on easy prompts and reallocating saved tokens to difficult ones, delivering higher accuracy on the hardest problems with higher cost.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2506.05256\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/94bbe80766824ca4163b2578e19daf6b9f2b1fd6\",\n \"result_position\": 24,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 279244515,\n \"title\": \"Accelerated Test-Time Scaling with Model-Free Speculative Sampling\",\n \"venue\": \"Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Woomin Song\",\n \"Saket Dingliwal\",\n \"Sai Muralidhar Jayanthi\",\n \"Bhavana Ganesh\",\n \"Jinwoo Shin\",\n \"A. Galstyan\",\n \"S. Bodapati\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Language models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in reasoning tasks through test-time scaling techniques like best-of-N sampling and tree search. However, these approaches often demand substantial computational resources, creating a critical trade-off between performance and efficiency. We introduce STAND (STochastic Adaptive N-gram Drafting), a novel model-free speculative decoding approach that exploits the inherent redundancy in reasoning trajectories to achieve significant acceleration without compromising accuracy. Our analysis shows that reasoning paths frequently reuse similar reasoning patterns, enabling efficient model-free token prediction without requiring separate draft models. By introducing stochastic drafting and preserving probabilistic information through a memory-efficient logit-based N-gram module, combined with optimized Gumbel-Top-K sampling and data-driven tree construction, STAND significantly improves token acceptance rates. Extensive evaluations across multiple models and reasoning tasks (AIME-2024, GPQA-Diamond, and LiveCodeBench) demonstrate that STAND reduces inference latency by 60-65% compared to standard autoregressive decoding while maintaining accuracy. Furthermore, STAND consistently outperforms state-of-the-art speculative decoding methods across diverse inference patterns, including single-trajectory decoding, batch decoding, and test-time tree search. As a model-free approach, STAND can be applied to any existing language model without additional training, making it a powerful plug-and-play solution for accelerating language model reasoning.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.18653/v1/2025.emnlp-main.1558\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1594f1e5a96eff1e521627aad3b659cf9ba4ab65\",\n \"result_position\": 25,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 279261265,\n \"title\": \"Reinforcement Fine-Tuning for Reasoning towards Multi-Step Multi-Source Search in Large Language Models\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Wentao Shi\",\n \"Yiqing Shen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large language models (LLMs) can face factual limitations when responding to time-sensitive queries about recent events that arise after their knowledge thresholds in the training corpus. Existing search-augmented approaches fall into two categories, each with distinct limitations: multi-agent search frameworks incur substantial computational overhead by separating search planning and response synthesis across multiple LLMs, while single-LLM tool-calling methods restrict themselves to sequential planned, single-query searches from sole search sources. We present Reasoning-Search (R-Search), a single-LLM search framework that unifies multi-step planning, multi-source search execution, and answer synthesis within one coherent inference process. Innovatively, it structure the output into four explicitly defined components, including reasoning steps that guide the search process (), a natural-language directed acyclic graph that represents the search plans with respect to diverse sources (), retrieved results from executing the search plans (), and synthesized final answers (). To enable effective generation of these structured outputs, we propose a specialized Reinforcement Fine-Tuning (ReFT) method based on GRPO, together with a multi-component reward function that optimizes LLM's answer correctness, structural validity of the generated DAG, and adherence to the defined output format. Experimental evaluation on FinSearchBench-24, SearchExpertBench-25, and seven Q and A benchmarks demonstrates that R-Search outperforms state-of-the-art methods, while achieving substantial efficiency gains through 70% reduction in context token usage and approximately 50% decrease in execution latency. Code is available at https://github.com/wentao0429/Reasoning-search.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2506.08352\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cfe8776f8a99bfdfdcdb4ac660aae9f0eb59e33c\",\n \"result_position\": 26,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 279318436,\n \"title\": \"AutoGEEval++: A multi-level and multi-geospatial-modality automated evaluation framework for large language models in geospatial code generation on Google Earth Engine\",\n \"venue\": \"Big Earth Data\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Shuyang Hou\",\n \"Zhangxiao Shen\",\n \"Huayi Wu\",\n \"Haoyue Jiao\",\n \"Ziqi Liu\",\n \"Lutong Xie\",\n \"Chang Liu\",\n \"Jianyuan Liang\",\n \"Yaxian Qing\",\n \"Xiaopu Zhang\",\n \"D. Peng\",\n \"Zhipeng Gui\",\n \"Xuefeng Guan\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"ABSTRACT Geospatial code generation is crucial in integrating AI with geo-scientific analysis, but standardized evaluation tools are lacking. This study presents AutoGEEval++, an enhanced framework for evaluating large language models (LLMs) that generate geospatial code on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. Built on the GEE Python API, AutoGEEval++ includes a benchmark dataset—AutoGEEval++-Bench—comprising 6,365 test cases across 26 GEE data types and three task categories: unit test, combination test, and theme test. The framework offers a fully automated evaluation pipeline, from code generation to execution-based validation, using multi-dimensional metrics such as accuracy, resource consumption, runtime efficiency, and error types. It also supports boundary testing and error pattern analysis. We assess 24 leading LLMs (as of June 2025) spanning general-purpose, reasoning-enhanced, code-centric, and geoscience-specific models. Experimental results highlight distinct performance, stability, and error patterns, demonstrating the framework’s scalability for vertical-domain code generation. This study establishes the first standardized evaluation protocol and resource suite for GEE-based LLM code generation, providing a unified benchmark and a methodology for evaluating the transition from natural language to domain-specific code, advancing geospatial AI research.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/20964471.2025.2581425\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b8abe0fcd9e09a1ff2d4c19dc6cbeee989dd010d\",\n \"result_position\": 27,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 278959473,\n \"title\": \"THINK-Bench: Evaluating Thinking Efficiency and Chain-of-Thought Quality of Large Reasoning Models\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Zhiyuan Li\",\n \"Yi Chang\",\n \"Yuan Wu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large reasoning models (LRMs) have achieved impressive performance in complex tasks, often outperforming conventional large language models (LLMs). However, the prevalent issue of overthinking severely limits their computational efficiency. Overthinking occurs when models generate excessive and redundant tokens that contribute little to accurate outcomes, especially in simple tasks, resulting in a significant waste of computational resources. To systematically investigate this issue, we introduce Think-Bench, a benchmark designed to evaluate the reasoning efficiency of LRMs. We also propose novel efficiency metrics and conduct a comprehensive evaluation of various LRMs across multiple dimensions, including the reasoning process, outcome quality, and chain-of-thought (CoT) characteristics. Our analysis reveals that most LRMs exhibit overthinking in handling easy questions, generating unnecessarily lengthy reasoning chains. While many LRMs demonstrate high CoT quality, several suffer from low efficiency. We hope that Think-Bench can serve as a robust foundation for advancing research into LRMs.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2505.22113\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e1961dfa28c2b6d490afec9190954ae57b481886\",\n \"result_position\": 28,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 277467973,\n \"title\": \"Hawkeye:Efficient Reasoning with Model Collaboration\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jian-Yu She\",\n \"Zhuohao Li\",\n \"Zhemin Huang\",\n \"Qi Li\",\n \"Peiran Xu\",\n \"Haonan Li\",\n \"Qirong Ho\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning has demonstrated remarkable effectiveness in enhancing the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs). However, its efficiency remains a challenge due to the generation of excessive intermediate reasoning tokens, which introduce semantic redundancy and overly detailed reasoning steps. Moreover, computational expense and latency are significant concerns, as the cost scales with the number of output tokens, including those intermediate steps. In this work, we observe that most CoT tokens are unnecessary, and retaining only a small portion of them is sufficient for producing high-quality responses. Inspired by this, we propose HAWKEYE, a novel post-training and inference framework where a large model produces concise CoT instructions to guide a smaller model in response generation. HAWKEYE quantifies redundancy in CoT reasoning and distills high-density information via reinforcement learning. By leveraging these concise CoTs, HAWKEYE is able to expand responses while reducing token usage and computational cost significantly. Our evaluation shows that HAWKEYE can achieve comparable response quality using only 35% of the full CoTs, while improving clarity, coherence, and conciseness by approximately 10%. Furthermore, HAWKEYE can accelerate end-to-end reasoning by up to 3.4x on complex math tasks while reducing inference cost by up to 60%. HAWKEYE will be open-sourced and the models will be available soon.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2504.00424\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/18264e04721b87ca664e54cbd07e8ff1b2d683c1\",\n \"result_position\": 29,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 278886065,\n \"title\": \"First Finish Search: Efficient Test-Time Scaling in Large Language Models\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Aradhye Agarwal\",\n \"Ayan Sengupta\",\n \"Tanmoy Chakraborty\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Test-time scaling (TTS), which involves dynamic allocation of compute during inference, offers a promising way to improve reasoning in large language models. While existing TTS methods work well, they often rely on long decoding paths or require a large number of samples to be generated, increasing the token usage and inference latency. We observe the surprising fact that for reasoning tasks, shorter traces are much more likely to be correct than longer ones. Motivated by this, we introduce First Finish Search (FFS), a training-free parallel decoding strategy that launches $n$ independent samples and returns as soon as any one completes. We evaluate FFS alongside simple decoding, beam search, majority voting, and budget forcing on four reasoning models (DeepSeek-R1, R1-Distill-Qwen-32B, QwQ-32B and Phi-4-Reasoning-Plus) and across four datasets (AIME24, AIME25-I, AIME25-II and GPQA Diamond). With DeepSeek-R1, FFS achieves $82.23\\\\%$ accuracy on the AIME datasets, a $15\\\\%$ improvement over DeepSeek-R1's standalone accuracy, nearly matching OpenAI's o4-mini performance. Our theoretical analysis explains why stopping at the shortest trace is likely to yield a correct answer and identifies the conditions under which early stopping may be suboptimal. The elegance and simplicity of FFS demonstrate that straightforward TTS strategies can perform remarkably well, revealing the untapped potential of simple approaches at inference time.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2505.18149\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7421c7342a15c24fc57832be4af7bd61d8b7927c\",\n \"result_position\": 30,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 278394696,\n \"title\": \"Scalable Chain of Thoughts via Elastic Reasoning\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yuhui Xu\",\n \"Hanze Dong\",\n \"Lei Wang\",\n \"Doyen Sahoo\",\n \"Junnan Li\",\n \"Caiming Xiong\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large reasoning models (LRMs) have achieved remarkable progress on complex tasks by generating extended chains of thought (CoT). However, their uncontrolled output lengths pose significant challenges for real-world deployment, where inference-time budgets on tokens, latency, or compute are strictly constrained. We propose Elastic Reasoning, a novel framework for scalable chain of thoughts that explicitly separates reasoning into two phases--thinking and solution--with independently allocated budgets. At test time, Elastic Reasoning prioritizes the completeness of solution segments, significantly improving reliability under tight resource constraints. To train models that are robust to truncated thinking, we introduce a lightweight budget-constrained rollout strategy, integrated into GRPO, which teaches the model to reason adaptively when the thinking process is cut short and generalizes effectively to unseen budget constraints without additional training. Empirical results on mathematical (AIME, MATH500) and programming (LiveCodeBench, Codeforces) benchmarks demonstrate that Elastic Reasoning performs robustly under strict budget constraints, while incurring significantly lower training cost than baseline methods. Remarkably, our approach also produces more concise and efficient reasoning even in unconstrained settings. Our code has been made available at https://github.com/SalesforceAIResearch/Elastic-Reasoning.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2505.05315\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e3e345499763162605cded6d99eb9963d356ef5c\",\n \"result_position\": 31,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 278782492,\n \"title\": \"ThinkLess: A Training-Free Inference-Efficient Method for Reducing Reasoning Redundancy\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Gengyang Li\",\n \"Yifeng Gao\",\n \"Yuming Li\",\n \"Yunfang Wu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"While Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting improves reasoning in large language models (LLMs), the excessive length of reasoning tokens increases latency and KV cache memory usage, and may even truncate final answers under context limits. We propose ThinkLess, an inference-efficient framework that terminates reasoning generation early and maintains output quality without modifying the model. Atttention analysis reveals that answer tokens focus minimally on earlier reasoning steps and primarily attend to the reasoning terminator token, due to information migration under causal masking. Building on this insight, ThinkLess inserts the terminator token at earlier positions to skip redundant reasoning while preserving the underlying knowledge transfer. To prevent format discruption casued by early termination, ThinkLess employs a lightweight post-regulation mechanism, relying on the model's natural instruction-following ability to produce well-structured answers. Without fine-tuning or auxiliary data, ThinkLess achieves comparable accuracy to full-length CoT decoding while greatly reducing decoding time and memory consumption.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2505.15684\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f420b30ab33f0081b8f8b9e3fbe39c4c412a56d1\",\n \"result_position\": 32,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 278534954,\n \"title\": \"Making Small Language Models Efficient Reasoners: Intervention, Supervision, Reinforcement\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Xuechen Zhang\",\n \"Zijian Huang\",\n \"Chenchun Ni\",\n \"Ziyang Xiong\",\n \"Jiasi Chen\",\n \"Samet Oymak\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Recent research enhances language model reasoning by scaling test-time compute via longer chain-of-thought traces. This often improves accuracy but also introduces redundancy and high computational cost, especially for small language models distilled with supervised fine-tuning (SFT). In this work, we propose new algorithms to improve token-efficient reasoning with small-scale models by effectively trading off accuracy and computation. We first show that the post-SFT model fails to determine the optimal stopping point of the reasoning process, resulting in verbose and repetitive outputs. Verbosity also significantly varies across wrong vs correct responses. To address these issues, we propose two solutions: (1) Temperature scaling (TS) to control the stopping point for the thinking phase and thereby trace length, and (2) TLDR: a length-regularized reinforcement learning method based on GRPO that facilitates multi-level trace length control (e.g. short, medium, long reasoning). Experiments on four reasoning benchmarks, MATH500, AMC, AIME24 and OlympiadBench, demonstrate that TS is highly effective compared to s1's budget forcing approach and TLDR significantly improves token efficiency by about 50% with minimal to no accuracy loss over the SFT baseline. Moreover, TLDR also facilitates flexible control over the response length, offering a practical and effective solution for token-efficient reasoning in small models. Ultimately, our work reveals the importance of stopping time control, highlights shortcomings of pure SFT, and provides effective algorithmic recipes.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2505.07961\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/039b99b4715148e7f4f875c14d0c54e3ac23ef2c\",\n \"result_position\": 33,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 278394558,\n \"title\": \"Putting the Value Back in RL: Better Test-Time Scaling by Unifying LLM Reasoners With Verifiers\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Kusha Sareen\",\n \"Morgane M Moss\",\n \"Alessandro Sordoni\",\n \"Rishabh Agarwal\",\n \"Arian Hosseini\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Prevalent reinforcement learning~(RL) methods for fine-tuning LLM reasoners, such as GRPO or Leave-one-out PPO, abandon the learned value function in favor of empirically estimated returns. This hinders test-time compute scaling that relies on using the value-function for verification. Yet if parallel test-time compute is already part of the deployment plan, training should be designed to support it. In this work, we propose RL$^V$ that augments any ``value-free''RL method by jointly training the LLM as both a reasoner and a generative verifier using RL-generated data, adding verification capabilities without significant overhead. Empirically, RL$^V$ boosts MATH accuracy by over 20\\\\% with parallel sampling and enables $8-32\\\\times$ efficient test-time compute scaling compared to the base RL method. RL$^V$ also exhibits strong generalization capabilities for both easy-to-hard and out-of-domain tasks. Furthermore, RL$^V$ achieves $1.2-1.6\\\\times$ higher performance when jointly scaling parallel and sequential test-time compute with a long reasoning R1 model. More broadly, RL$^V$ instantiates the principle of co-training for test-time scaling: jointly optimizing for task performance and a capability useful at inference, using data that RL training already produces.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2505.04842\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4db3afe05068d7f7befd5be3cfdcfbbcb54f1cb5\",\n \"result_position\": 34,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 279999281,\n \"title\": \"ConciseHint: Boosting Efficient Reasoning via Continuous Concise Hints during Generation\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Siao Tang\",\n \"Xinyin Ma\",\n \"Gongfan Fang\",\n \"Xinchao Wang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Recent advancements in large reasoning models (LRMs) like DeepSeek-R1 and OpenAI o1 series have achieved notable performance enhancements on complex reasoning tasks by scaling up the generation length by Chain-of-Thought (CoT). However, a critical issue is their tendency to produce excessively verbose reasoning processes, leading to the inefficiency problem. Existing literature on improving efficiency mainly adheres to the before-reasoning paradigms such as prompting and reasoning or fine-tuning and reasoning, but ignores the promising direction of directly encouraging the model to speak concisely by intervening during the generation of reasoning. In order to fill the blank, we propose a framework dubbed ConciseHint, which continuously encourages the reasoning model to speak concisely by injecting learnable hints (manually designed or learned on concise data) during the generation of the reasoning. Besides, ConciseHint is adaptive to the complexity of the query by adaptively adjusting the hint intensity, which ensures it will not undermine model performance. Experiments on the state-of-the-art LRMs, including DeepSeek-R1 and Qwen-3 series, demonstrate that our method can effectively produce concise reasoning while maintaining the performance well. Moreover, we show that ConciseHint is flexible and can be seamlessly integrated with existing methods to further push the upper bound of the efficiency.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2506.18810\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7e384964f7776e67199568311bd8eed8db77d7ad\",\n \"result_position\": 35,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 278910919,\n \"title\": \"Safety Through Reasoning: An Empirical Study of Reasoning Guardrail Models\",\n \"venue\": \"Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Makesh Narsimhan Sreedhar\",\n \"Traian Rebedea\",\n \"Christopher Parisien\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Reasoning-based language models have demonstrated strong performance across various domains, with the most notable gains seen in mathematical and coding tasks. Recent research has shown that reasoning also offers significant benefits for LLM safety and guardrail applications. In this work, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of training reasoning-based guardrail models for content moderation, with an emphasis on generalization to custom safety policies at inference time. Our study focuses on two key dimensions: data efficiency and inference efficiency. On the data front, we find that reasoning-based models exhibit strong sample efficiency, achieving competitive performance with significantly fewer training examples than their non-reasoning counterparts. This unlocks the potential to repurpose the remaining data for mining high-value, difficult samples that further enhance model performance. On the inference side, we evaluate practical trade-offs by introducing reasoning budgets, examining the impact of reasoning length on latency and accuracy, and exploring dual-mode training to allow runtime control over reasoning behavior. Our findings will provide practical insights for researchers and developers to effectively and efficiently train and deploy reasoning-based guardrails models in real-world systems.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2505.20087\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1ebfa83c21cd0af533d701c8a87a835801af2255\",\n \"result_position\": 36,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 278165884,\n \"title\": \"AutoJudge: Judge Decoding Without Manual Annotation\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Roman Garipov\",\n \"Fedor Velikonivtsev\",\n \"Ruslan Svirschevski\",\n \"Vage Egiazarian\",\n \"Max Ryabinin\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"We introduce AutoJudge, a method that accelerates large language model (LLM) inference with task-specific lossy speculative decoding. Instead of matching the original model output distribution token-by-token, we identify which of the generated tokens affect the downstream quality of the response, relaxing the distribution match guarantee so that the\\\"unimportant\\\"tokens can be generated faster. Our approach relies on a semi-greedy search algorithm to test which of the mismatches between target and draft models should be corrected to preserve quality and which ones may be skipped. We then train a lightweight classifier based on existing LLM embeddings to predict, at inference time, which mismatching tokens can be safely accepted without compromising the final answer quality. We evaluate the effectiveness of AutoJudge with multiple draft/target model pairs on mathematical reasoning and programming benchmarks, achieving significant speedups at the cost of a minor accuracy reduction. Notably, on GSM8k with the Llama 3.1 70B target model, our approach achieves up to $\\\\approx2\\\\times$ speedup over speculative decoding at the cost of $\\\\le 1\\\\%$ drop in accuracy. When applied to the LiveCodeBench benchmark, AutoJudge automatically detects programming-specific important tokens, accepting $\\\\ge 25$ tokens per speculation cycle at $2\\\\%$ drop in Pass@1. Our approach requires no human annotation and is easy to integrate with modern LLM inference frameworks.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2504.20039\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9c2db91ea3795306d2a404b8f040a10ddea8b09a\",\n \"result_position\": 37,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 277955859,\n \"title\": \"An Empirical Study of LLM Reasoning Ability Under Strict Output Length Constraint\",\n \"venue\": \"Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yi Sun\",\n \"Han Wang\",\n \"Jiaqiang Li\",\n \"Jiacheng Liu\",\n \"Xiangyu Li\",\n \"Hao Wen\",\n \"Yizhen Yuan\",\n \"Huiwen Zheng\",\n \"Yan Liang\",\n \"Yuanchun Li\",\n \"Yunxin Liu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Recent work has demonstrated the remarkable potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) in test-time scaling. By making models think before answering, they are able to achieve much higher accuracy with extra inference computation. However, in many real-world scenarios, models are used under time constraints, where an answer should be given within a certain output length. It is unclear whether and how the reasoning ability of different LLMs remain effective under strict constraints. We take a first look at this problem by conducting an in-depth empirical study. Specifically, we test 30 LLMs on common reasoning datasets under a wide range of output length budgets, and we analyze the correlation between the inference accuracy and various properties including model type, model size, prompt style, etc. We also consider the mappings between token budgets and actual on-device latency budgets. The results have demonstrated several interesting findings regarding the budget-aware LLM reasoning ability that differ from the unconstrained situation, e.g. the optimal choices of either model size or prompt style change under different budgets. These findings offer timely evaluation to this area and practical guidance for users to deploy LLMs under real-world latency constraints.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.18653/v1/2025.emnlp-main.389\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6eec64f415c86800f1829afcad685cc0f4054fdd\",\n \"result_position\": 38,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 280277667,\n \"title\": \"Characterizing Communication Patterns in Distributed Large Language Model Inference\",\n \"venue\": \"IEEE Symposium on High-Performance Interconnects\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Lang Xu\",\n \"K. Suresh\",\n \"Quentin G. Anthony\",\n \"Nawras Alnaasan\",\n \"D. Panda\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large Language Models (LLMs) built on transformer architectures have transformed natural language processing, achieving remarkable performance across diverse applications. While distributed inference frameworks enable practical deployment of these models, inter-GPU communication creates significant performance constraints that limit service quality in real-world systems. This paper investigates communication dynamics in distributed LLM serving-analyzing how various parallelization approaches coordinate data exchange between GPU workers during inference. We study dense transformer-based models as representative examples of contemporary architectures widely used in operational deployments. Our work combines detailed profiling measurements with predictive analytical models to characterize communication behavior across different parallelization configurations. Results show that tensor parallelism incurs substantial network overhead but delivers superior response times for brief sequences, pipeline parallelism minimizes data transfer requirements while increasing total latency, and combined approaches demand careful tuning to achieve balanced performance. These insights offer practical recommendations for selecting appropriate parallelization schemes in production LLM services and identify key opportunities for optimizing inference frameworks and communication infrastructure.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/HOTI66940.2025.00025\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/825139bf339db11531b52b92c0b4dc5aa4b6295e\",\n \"result_position\": 39,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 279068930,\n \"title\": \"Towards Effective Code-Integrated Reasoning\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Fei Bai\",\n \"Yingqian Min\",\n \"Beichen Zhang\",\n \"Zhipeng Chen\",\n \"Wayne Xin Zhao\",\n \"Lei Fang\",\n \"Zheng Liu\",\n \"Zhongyuan Wang\",\n \"Ji-Rong Wen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In this paper, we investigate code-integrated reasoning, where models generate code when necessary and integrate feedback by executing it through a code interpreter. To acquire this capability, models must learn when and how to use external code tools effectively, which is supported by tool-augmented reinforcement learning (RL) through interactive learning. Despite its benefits, tool-augmented RL can still suffer from potential instability in the learning dynamics. In light of this challenge, we present a systematic approach to improving the training effectiveness and stability of tool-augmented RL for code-integrated reasoning. Specifically, we develop enhanced training strategies that balance exploration and stability, progressively building tool-use capabilities while improving reasoning performance. Through extensive experiments on five mainstream mathematical reasoning benchmarks, our model demonstrates significant performance improvements over multiple competitive baselines. Furthermore, we conduct an in-depth analysis of the mechanism and effect of code-integrated reasoning, revealing several key insights, such as the extension of model's capability boundaries and the simultaneous improvement of reasoning efficiency through code integration. All data and code for reproducing this work are available at: https://github.com/RUCAIBox/CIR.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2505.24480\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ac1d5df9687455f405de44ef8190aa5321a99a5b\",\n \"result_position\": 40,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 279250933,\n \"title\": \"Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Adarsh Prasad Behera\",\n \"J. Champati\",\n \"Roberto Morabito\",\n \"Sasu Tarkoma\",\n \"J. Gross\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Recent progress in Language Models (LMs) has dramatically advanced the field of natural language processing (NLP), excelling at tasks like text generation, summarization, and question answering. However, their inference remains computationally expensive and energy intensive, especially in settings with limited hardware, power, or bandwidth. This makes it difficult to deploy LMs in mobile, edge, or cost sensitive environments. To address these challenges, recent approaches have introduced multi LLM intelligent model selection strategies that dynamically allocate computational resources based on query complexity -- using lightweight models for simpler queries and escalating to larger models only when necessary. This survey explores two complementary strategies for efficient LLM inference: (i) routing, which selects the most suitable model based on the query, and (ii) cascading or hierarchical inference (HI), which escalates queries through a sequence of models until a confident response is found. Both approaches aim to reduce computation by using lightweight models for simpler tasks while offloading only when needed. We provide a comparative analysis of these techniques across key performance metrics, discuss benchmarking efforts, and outline open challenges. Finally, we outline future research directions to enable faster response times, adaptive model selection based on task complexity, and scalable deployment across heterogeneous environments, making LLM based systems more efficient and accessible for real world applications.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2506.06579\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3bbafaace2b2343695c90d38903b9fbdd7fadf17\",\n \"result_position\": 41,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":73,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"Project teams are increasingly made up of people from a variety of ethnicities, cultures, age groups, and backgrounds in today's international business environment. The potential for innovation, creativity, and improved problem-solving skills is tremendous because of this diversity. However, certain leadership competencies that go beyond conventional management skills are necessary for effectively leading such diversified teams. These abilities allow leaders to manage cultural differences, maintain clear communication, and turn conflict into productive conversations.\n\n\nprovide research papers that suits above paragraph"},"query_timestamp":{"kind":"string","value":"2025-08-10T14:34:00.289009+00:00"},"thread_id":{"kind":"string","value":"04758312d0700bae35bfe4c7ce2bfb8b90bb27c0be4c618e0f408b2f7e901d16"},"num_shown":{"kind":"number","value":58,"string":"58"},"num_clicked":{"kind":"number","value":3,"string":"3"},"has_clicks":{"kind":"bool","value":true,"string":"true"},"shown_papers":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"corpus_id":229548031,"title":"Leadership & Diversity: Synergistic Cross-culturalism","venue":"Journal of student-scientists' research","year":2020,"authors":["P. Bassett"],"abstract":"As the harbinger of change, globalization has led to increased demand for leaders who exhibit a broad range of competencies. The required nature of cross-cultural interaction has emerged as an area of major importance for leaders within the private and public sectors. Leaders in distinct roles and sectors are likely to find themselves in situations where they must navigate a range of contrasting cultures while learning to cooperate with others from diverse backgrounds. To adequately equip leaders from divergent fields, it is quintessential to have a firm understanding of six key areas of cross-cultural synergism and leadership: approaches to conflict and conflict resolution, communication styles, decision-making, task completion, levels of disclosure, and epistemological approaches. This article describes each of these areas and explains the ways in which it is imperative for future leaders to succeed.","doi":"10.47611/jsr.vi.952","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4914ecfa108fa6b0fae45df23b92d6cf1cb8ed52","result_position":0,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":147336448,"title":"A retrospective critic Re-Debate on Stakeholders’ resistance checklist in software project management within multi-cultural, multi-ethnical and cosmopolitan society context: The Malaysian experience","venue":"","year":2016,"authors":["Hamed Taherdoost","A. Keshavarzsaleh","Chen Wang"],"abstract":"Abstract Risks stemming from software projects were extensively studied. However, software project risk management has rarely researched organizational risks within multi-cultural and multi-ethnical atmospheres. The fact of the matter is that problems occur when the stakeholders’ cultural and ethnical aspects are not addressed, especially in multi-cultural, multi-ethnical, and cosmopolitan society such as Malaysia. To avoid analyzing something that has already been studied in detail, this study conducted based on in-depth literature review considering key word search in subject-specific databases. Journal articles published in reputed journals were reviewed. By employing Rumelt’s resistance to change checklist and culture gap tool source, this paper develops an organizational risk framework considering cross-cultural and cross-ethnical critical factors in order to show how can risks be better comprehended and managed. The significance of bio-cultural dimensions was scrutinized as vital criteria which should be considered in international project sphere, so that, not only the odds of project success would be increased but also the risks can be mitigated significantly. A review of the risk management process, Rumelt’s Checklist, cultural issues in international project environment allows a better understanding of the importance of cultural dimensions in project spheres.","doi":"10.1080/23311975.2016.1151116","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/81b4cbc16ffa1792a3ed0d05951a52b657846c5d","result_position":1,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":247994807,"title":"Intercultural Management as an Important Aspect of Modern Managers’ Work: Educational Challenges","venue":"Studia Paedagogica Ignatiana","year":2022,"authors":["Agnieszka Knap-Stefaniuk","J. Sorribes"],"abstract":"The issue of intercultural management has become particularly pertinent because of globalization and the internationalization of economic activity undertaken by contemporary companies. Intercultural management and its challenges are extensively analysed in numerous Polish and foreign publications. The significant role played by intercultural management primarily stems from the tremendous impact it exerts on the efficient functioning of multicultural teams, the relationships between the people in these teams, and their communication and motivation. Moreover, at present it is a crucial aspect of the everyday work of managers operating in culturally diverse work environments.\nThe article is of a theoretical nature. The first part describes the role and importance of manager values in the context of cultural diversity in their work environments, followed by the presentation of the concept and meaning of intercultural management. Next, the impact managers exert on the management of culturally diverse teams in modern organizations is analysed. The final part describes selected challenges connected to educating and training modern managers to work in intercultural work environments.\nThe aim of the article is to demonstrate the role and importance of intercultural management as a vital aspect of modern managers’ work and to identify educational challenges related to this area.","doi":"10.12775/spi.2022.1.008","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/73de12d95dd7d2ecf5472d7125208d257a48cfcb","result_position":2,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":239205913,"title":"A Literature on Cross-culture Leadership in China: Qualities and Ways to Improve","venue":"International Conference on Mathematical Methods in Electromagnetic Theory","year":2021,"authors":["Zhiyi Luo"],"abstract":"In the context of increasing global connectivity and the development of China's One-Belt and One-Road policy, cross-culture leading has become more and more common, more and more important for not only China but also other countries. Many MNCs start to put more efforts in improving their managers’ cross-culture leadership in order to be more competitive when doing international business. Under such conditions, we reviewed the literature and research on cross-cultural leadership and selected it by searching three keywords: cross-culture leadership, cross-culture and cross-culture management on Google Scholar and CNKI. Then, the selected research is divided into two major aspects: the qualities of an excellent cross-culture leader and ways of improving cross-culture leadership. We summarize the content of cross-cultural leadership and according to these contents, we also summarize the ways of improving cross-culture leadership, both two parts can be concluded in six parts, which mainly focuses on leaders’ cultural adaption ability, leaders’ communication skills, leaders’ cooperation skills, leading skills, professional skills and leaders’ personal characteristics. At the same time, we also find that the current research is all quite scattered from each other and among them lack a systematic link.","doi":"10.2991/assehr.k.211011.095","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/03cca5850fee8451be5c344491483776a2c2c5da","result_position":3,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":222142705,"title":"Leader cultural intelligence and organizational performance","venue":"","year":2020,"authors":["Saeed Nosratabadi","P. Bahrami","Khodayar Palouzian","A. Mosavi"],"abstract":"Abstract One of the challenges for international companies is to manage multicultural environments effectively. Cultural intelligence (CQ) is a soft skill required of the leaders of organizations working in cross-cultural contexts to be able to communicate effectively in such environments. On the other hand, organizational structure plays an active role in developing and promoting such skills in an organization. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of leader CQ on organizational performance mediated by organizational structure. To achieve the objective of this research, first, conceptual models and hypotheses of this research were formed based on the literature. Then, a quantitative empirical research design using a questionnaire, as a tool for data collection, and structural equation modeling, as a tool for data analysis, was employed among executives of knowledge-based companies in the Science and Technology Park, Bushehr, Iran. The results disclosed that leader CQ directly and indirectly (i.e., through the organizational structure) has a positive and significant effect on organizational performance. In other words, in organizations that operate in a multicultural environment, the higher the level of leader CQ, the higher the performance of that organization. Accordingly, such companies are encouraged to invest in improving the cultural intelligence of their leaders to improve their performance in cross-cultural environments, and to design appropriate organizational structures for the development of their intellectual capital.","doi":"10.1080/23311975.2020.1809310","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b6fb2bc1d3c6b91c8cd2112d96eb3ce043b51637","result_position":4,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":188842632,"title":"The influence of psychological factors for leader’s efficiency in global IT companies","venue":"","year":2018,"authors":["Lina Cirtautienė","A. Endriulaitienė"],"abstract":"Changing business environments require a different leadership. Global information technology (IT) leaders must demonstrate in-depth competencies in technology and business as well as softer interpersonal skills. Studies provide disputed evidence regarding the psychological factors that contribute to a leader’s efficiency. This study analyses what the most important competencies for effective IT leadership in local and global IT organisations are. An integrative literature review was used to examine and summarise previous research in global IT literature. The competencies’ framework, containing three levels (core traits, personal character, and ability) and four dimensions (intercultural, interpersonal, global, and global organisational) (Kim & McLean, 2015), was chosen to examine psychological factors that contribute to IT leadership effectiveness. The results show that features related to adaptation of the cultural environment are significant for a global leader. Personality traits (extraversion, awareness, and openness to experience), characteristics (self-esteem, self-efficiency, global mindset, and motivation), and abilities (communication skills, leadership style, and experience), within the organisational context are related to higher leadership efficiency. Local and global leaders differ in the significance of social intelligence (IQ, EQ, and CQ). Sufficient educational interventions can improve an individual’s effectiveness regarding global leadership challenges. This study discovers guidelines for development and education of IT leaders which include strengthening personality traits related to performance, utilising communication gaps, leveraging cultural differences, promoting trust and motivation, fostering leadership roles and attitudes,composing teams based on teamwork and task work, and modelling and practising other critical competencies for global leadership through crosstraining.","doi":"10.7220/2345-024X.22.6","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c4ed27cadefba688e4eb9c3761b3d27c3499acbd","result_position":5,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":53312889,"title":"Relevance Of Cultural Intelligence And Communication Effectiveness For Global Leadership Preparedness: Study Of Indian Managers","venue":"","year":2015,"authors":["Shoma Mukherji","N. Jain","Radha R. Sharma"],"abstract":"Business environment world over has undergone major transformation in the last fifty years. Global organisations, where operations are not restricted to home or host country, need business leaders with a global mindset and multicultural effectiveness. This paper examines and confirms the relevance on leadership preparedness of global managers of two important constructs – cultural intelligence and communication effectiveness in the context of anxiety and uncertainty management. Adding to extant literature, the study empirically confirms the suitability of three assessment instruments. It establishes the importance of cultural adaptability and AUM theory for assessing leadership potential of managers working in multicultural environments with culturally diverse teams. The objective of this study is to understand the relevance of cultural intelligence and communication effectiveness for leadership preparedness in a multicultural environment. The present century is seeing accelerated transformation of businesses into truly global entities. As organizations operate in a boundary-less world, multicultural teams are the order of the day. Business leaders, who are able to understand, accept, and effectively respond to cultural differences are therefore in great demand.","doi":"10.18775/JIBRM.1849-8558.2015.13.3001","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fd8b6628deb64092a6f6520a888fae2a144fdf1a","result_position":6,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":167616910,"title":"Intercultural Project Management for IT: Issues and Challenges","venue":"","year":2015,"authors":["G. Isern"],"abstract":"Abstract The development of Information Technology projects using Project Management Methodologies like PMP-PMI, Agile or SCRUM for software development, CPM, CCPM, RAD, XP, FDD, ITIL, JAD, LD, PRINCE2, etc.; may be a complete success or a total catastrophe, for series of reasons, events and circumstances that frequently are not related at all with the deliverables, the products being built, the IT technology involved, the level of expertise, the responsibility and professionalism of the stakeholders including the project manager, but due to intercultural factors. The PMP-PMI Model (PMBOK) describes 10 areas: Cost Management, Time Management, Scope Management, Risk Management, Quality Management, Procurement Management, Integration Management, Stakeholder Management, Human Resources Management and Communication Management. An IT project is considered successful if the customer is happy, but technically and formally if the TEAM was able to meet the triple constraint set up by time/cost/scope. This happy ending is not possible if the project manager and the team as a whole are not able to confront, attack and solve the issues associated with Human Resources Management, Stakeholder Management and specially Communication Management. These three areas are highly influenced by Intercultural factors like language, race, age, gender, religion, sexual preferences, beliefs, habits, etc., becoming their analysis an essential task if we want to accomplish and guarantee a favorable outcome. This position paper concludes in contradiction with what is a very common believe between many technical project managers that the most important factors to take in consideration for the success of an IT project management is the careful and planned attention to the potential issues and challenges associated with the cross-cultural communication and the human resources implicated in the projects. This paper will describe the cultural dimensions, issues and challenges associated with Intercultural Project Management for IT.","doi":"10.1515/joim-2015-0021","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4de5d75bb497bb7ba1e2b42d1a6e26ac1e8502cb","result_position":7,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":266945284,"title":"Leadership Development Strategies of Human Resources in Digital Era","venue":"Journal of Human Resource Development","year":2023,"authors":["Guomin He"],"abstract":": With the rapid development of digital era, organizational management faces unprecedented challenges and opportunities. This paper aims to delve into the impact of digital era on leadership, with a particular focus on the key role of human resources and leadership development strategies. The rise of digital technology has reshaped organizational structures and processes, requiring leaders to possess higher levels of adaptability and innovation. The prevalence of cross-cultural teams and remote work necessitates leaders to be more flexible in addressing the challenges posed by diverse teams. This paper proposes training and development strategies, including leadership training and development, the incorporation of digital technology to support leadership decision-making, and cross-team collaboration and leadership communication skills, providing organizations with a pathway for developing leadership capabilities in digital era. This paper aims to thoroughly examine the impact of digital era on leadership, with a particular emphasis on the key role of human resources and leadership development strategies in this transformative period.","doi":"10.23977/jhrd.2023.050620","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/80cf4081d0ed2fa414623fb4148589c7ba88e91b","result_position":8,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":169819809,"title":"Understanding the challenges of multicultural team management","venue":"Pressacademia","year":2018,"authors":["Nusret Soğancilar","Husniye Ors"],"abstract":"Purpose- This study aims to explore the challenges confronted by executive managers while managing multicultural teams, and the solutions they deliver to cope with these matters. What is aimed to accomplish is to comprehend these challenges from the standpoint of managers. While trying to understand the problems and exhortations related to multicultural team management, culture and core cultural dimensions were utilized in the study. Methodology- Criterion sampling method, which is a kind of purposive sampling method, was employed in the study. The data for the study was collected through 14 in-depth interviews directed to executive managers of MNCs operating in Turkey. The questions that generate our data consist of open-ended questions. The statements of managers were analyzed by content analysis and sorted into corresponding categories. These categories and solutions based upon manager’s experiences were presented accordingly. Findings- Implications indicate that most frequently confronted challenges are ineffective communication and misunderstandings, different working styles and expectations of group members, and intolerance and lack of knowledge related to diversity. On the other hand, in order to cope with these challenges, managers state that it is significant to embrace diversity and encourage group members to acknowledge it as well as become approachable and eager to learn more. Last but not least communicating in the simplest form has been accentuated. Conclusion- To sum up briefly, successful managers are expected to possess the competency to adapt different management styles and they are also expected to be flexible enough to switch from one to another.","doi":"10.17261/PRESSACADEMIA.2018.954","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6ecf0cf0adbef7329a84a6927c1c6a66b283a9c3","result_position":9,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":276879426,"title":"Green project management competencies and sustainable development goals (SDGs): Empirical evidence","venue":"Journal of Project Management","year":2025,"authors":["Khaled Salmen Aljaaidi","I. Abdulmajeed","S. M. Bafaqeer","Safoora Habee"],"abstract":"This study assesses the green project management competencies of students in the College of Business at Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University. This study uses a structured questionnaire to evaluate ten competencies: teamwork, leadership, communication, conflict management, achievement motivation, cognitive skills, adaptability, self-control, negotiation, and social awareness. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cronbach Alpha results revealed that effective communication was the strongest competency, explaining 71.6% of the variance, followed by leadership (65.3%) and teamwork (60.6%). Self-control demonstrated the highest reliability (α = 0.966), emphasizing students’ ability to manage stress effectively. Conflict management explained 48.9% of the variance, while adaptability accounted for 57.4%, reflecting students’ resilience and flexibility. Cognitive skills explained 51.7%, highlighting critical thinking and problem-solving abilities. Negotiation explained 63.8%, emphasizing stakeholder collaboration, and social awareness accounted for 50.1%, reflecting cultural sensitivity and empathy. Achievement motivation explained 54.8%, underscoring students’ proactive and goal-oriented behaviors. These findings provide valuable insights into strengths and gaps in student competencies, offering a basis for targeted improvements. Green project management competencies are vital for advancing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Green project management competencies are integral to advancing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Cognitive skills, teamwork, and communication enhance critical thinking and innovation, supporting SDG 4 (Quality Education). Leadership and adaptability drive sustainable initiatives, aligning with SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) and SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure). Additionally, teamwork and social awareness foster inclusive urban development (SDG 11), while self-control and resilience enable effective climate action (SDG 13). By aligning academic training with industry demands, this study supports the global sustainability agenda and Saudi Vision 2030. The study provides policymakers in Saudi Arabia with valuable insights into aligning educational strategies with industry demands, highlighting key gaps in green project management competencies. By addressing these gaps, policymakers can enhance curriculum design to develop sustainability-focused skills, advancing Saudi Vision 2030 goals for workforce readiness, economic growth, and global sustainability leadership.","doi":"10.5267/j.jpm.2025.1.004","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0d3652650a756ddeea2f2506bbd061940f117e51","result_position":10,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":267615560,"title":"Leaders, conflict, and team coordination: a relational leadership approach in temporary organisations","venue":"Production Planning & Control","year":2024,"authors":["Amin Akhavan Tabassi","D. Bryde","Roula Michaelides","David Bamford","M. Argyropoulou"],"abstract":"Abstract This study explores how the level of relational leadership of team leaders influences team members’ conflict-handling style and team coordination in temporary organisations (TOs). Leaning upon Socio-Psychological and relational leadership theories, the research also evaluates how the cultural background of leaders moderates the nature of the association between relational leadership and project team performance. This contribution is unique by engaging with three moderating cultural groups while drawing on data from 126 teams in TOs using PLS path modelling. The results explain that relational leadership influences team members’ cooperative and conflict-avoiding styles, which are, in turn, positively associated with team coordination and team performance. The judicious and considered use of conflict-avoiding should be recognised as a thoughtful style in multicultural team contexts and as a consequence of relational leadership. Team coordination and performance, however, are related more to relational leadership with the sample of leaders from a specific within-nationality cultural background.","doi":"10.1080/09537287.2024.2313518","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2cef2d3b6024d969e7bbf4722b587dbec46d9241","result_position":11,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":271249535,"title":"Impact of Nurse Manager’s Attributes on Multi-Cultural Nursing Teams: A Scoping Review","venue":"Nursing Reports","year":2024,"authors":["Gisela Teixeira","P. Lucas","F. Gaspar"],"abstract":"Background: As global migration increases, nurse managers’ effectiveness in multi-cultural nursing work environments is crucial due to the rising cultural diversity within healthcare teams. Despite the increasing international recruitment of qualified nurses to address the worldwide nursing shortage, no studies have synthesised the impact of nurse managers’ attributes on nurses in multi-cultural nursing teams. Therefore, it was conducted a literature review aimed to synthesise the available literature on how nurse managers’ personality traits, competencies, behaviours, and leadership styles influence nurse outcomes in multi-cultural nursing teams. Methods: Scoping review conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines to map the relationship or influence of nurse managers’ personality traits, competencies, behaviours, and leadership styles on the outcomes of nurses in multi-cultural settings across various clinical environments. Searches were conducted across electronic databases such as CINAHL and MEDLINE, along with grey literature. Results: This review included 39 studies, highlighting 29 personality traits, 9 competencies, 115 behaviours, and 5 leadership styles that impact nurses’ outcomes. Key findings emphasise the importance of nurse managers being supportive, culturally competent, and effective communicators, with transformational leadership style being particularly beneficial. Conclusions: These findings provide insights for planning and developing training programmes to equip current and future nurse managers with skills to effectively lead in multi-cultural care settings.","doi":"10.3390/nursrep14030125","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e90405c99538493a7a90cccb0ed3d7752d64a849","result_position":12,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":110958293,"title":"What practitioners consider to be the skills and behaviours of an effective people project manager","venue":"","year":2011,"authors":["E. Fisher"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.ijproman.2010.09.002","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1c49f1ba7b124237b9b89acd85b5d40e5aaf1231","result_position":13,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":234887347,"title":"Cultural Intelligence (CQ) and Cultural Exposure Through Mobility Programs","venue":"","year":2021,"authors":["J. Pásztor"],"abstract":"As a result of globalisation, a significant proportion of companies operate across borders and in many cases, work communities are also organised from workers with diverse cultural backgrounds. Due to the intensive flow of services, goods and labour, and cultural differences, conflicts can arise, and these tensions can negatively affect people and organisations' well-being and performance. Nowadays, cultural knowledge and intercultural competencies are more appreciated and highly requested by most employers. The younger generations (Generation Z and Millennials) were born into cultural diversity and have broad mobility possibilities to deepen their intercultural competencies, but the older generations in Hungary had more limited mobility opportunities. Cultural intelligence (CQ), which is the ability to adapt to different intercultural interactions effectively, can be developed effortlessly by spending extended periods abroad. High CQ results in better interpersonal relationships and work performance in culturally diverse environments. Cultural intelligence is a widely researched field within the managerial studies, but most studies focus on international students, young business students and sojourners. Thus, our primary goal was to explore not just the adolescents and young professionals, but the middle-aged and seniors as well. This quantitative study aimed to explore Hungarian generations' cultural intelligence and find possible connections between cultural intelligence and overseas exposure/mobility program participation. To answer our research questions, we analysed the total and dimensional CQ scores of 329 Hungarian respondents and compared the results based on participation in different mobility programs, length and frequency of cultural exposure.","doi":"10.52398/GJSD.2021.V1.I1.PP50-66","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b3ec6567702fef7bf4208ee2c8d5e7fd54663244","result_position":14,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":265364120,"title":"LEADERSHIP AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE: HOW CAN WE LEVERAGE CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN MATRIX ORGANIZATIONS","venue":"Business, Economics, Sustainability, Leadership and Innovation","year":2023,"authors":["Arsenii Litus","Lesya Leshchii"],"abstract":"The purpose of the article is to show the influence of cultural values on the style of management in general and leadership in particular in organizations. For this, the very concept of cultura l differences, its interpretation in the scientific literature and the interpretation of its influence on management and leadership are investigated, as well as the importance of understanding environmental culture and differences in this area is emphasized. Considerable attention in the article is devoted to the study of the Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory and its research on the example of Ukraine and Poland, their comparison and considerations regarding further changes in the results. The given study is about the effectiveness of the democratic style of management and leadership. A need for greater collaboration and coordination between leaders across different geographic regions and business units is investigated. Based on these findings, in article developed a “2+1” Model for matrix organizations that outlines a comprehensive approach to adapting leadership models to fit cultural differences and enhance leadership effectiveness.","doi":"10.37659/2663-5070-2023-10-57-63","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f1adf6cd76da4d2b353ec94f66d3ab20f5c2a420","result_position":15,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":267754501,"title":"Cross-cultural leadership styles in multinational corporations: A comparative literature review","venue":"International Journal of Science and Research Archive","year":2024,"authors":["B. Ogunwale","Mavis Appoh","Naomi Oboyi","Adedamola Sobowale","Sibongile Gobile","O. Alabi"],"abstract":"This review explores the dynamic landscape of cross-cultural leadership styles within multinational corporations (MNCs). As organizations expand globally, understanding the intricate interplay of cultural nuances on leadership becomes imperative for sustainable success. This study delves into existing research to compare and contrast various cross-cultural leadership styles prevalent in MNCs, aiming to provide insights into the complexities and challenges faced by leaders operating in diverse cultural contexts. The review identifies key cultural dimensions, such as individualism-collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity-femininity, and long-term orientation, which significantly influence leadership behaviors across different societies. Scholars argue that effective cross-cultural leadership requires a nuanced approach that acknowledges and integrates these cultural dimensions. The analysis highlights how leaders must navigate cultural diversity, adapt their communication styles, and cultivate a global mindset to foster collaboration and cohesion within multinational teams. Additionally, the review sheds light on the role of cultural intelligence (CQ) and its impact on leadership effectiveness in MNCs. Leaders with high CQ demonstrate the ability to comprehend, adapt, and capitalize on cultural differences, fostering positive outcomes in diverse organizational settings. The synthesis of literature also addresses the challenges faced by leaders, including ethnocentrism, stereotype biases, and the need for continuous learning and development in the face of evolving global business landscapes. By comparing findings from various studies, this review contributes to a comprehensive understanding of cross-cultural leadership in MNCs. It emphasizes the need for leadership development programs that cultivate cultural awareness and sensitivity, ultimately fostering adaptive and effective leaders capable of navigating the intricate web of global business environments. As organizations strive for international success, the insights gleaned from this review provide a foundation for refining leadership strategies that align with the diverse cultural fabric of multinational workforces.","doi":"10.30574/ijsra.2024.11.1.0273","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/93b21e0c77c574b65dbf2446dbdd0a9bc1f52f4e","result_position":16,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":155340605,"title":"Multicultural Team Management in the Context of a Development Work","venue":"","year":2016,"authors":["Molla Mekonnen Alemu"],"abstract":"Diverse teams have become common practice in today’s world. The current trend of globalization is making managers to work in a diverse multicultural team set up whereby the diversified team members will come up with a new set of skills, ideas, approaches, etc. to the team. It has however, its own challenges in harmonizing the contribution of the culturally diverse team members. Cross-cultural differences in a development work context also entail a range of issues varying from individuals cultural background, characteristics on work places, to their own values and ways of doing things which will have a its own influence on their working style, interactions and relationships at work places. Communication styles, language, a person's cultural background, and perceptions on conflict, styles and methods of doing the work as well as the style of decision making will have an impact how individuals will act and behave in work places. Therefore, the question will be how a manager can successfully lead and work in a culturally diverse team. This study was conducted in Sierra Leone which was aimed at identifying the major bottlenecks of multicultural team management and come up with workable tips for working within a multicultural setting development work.","doi":"10.5539/JSD.V9N1P8","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f2196a9ab6154417d91bc1a307bca17312e20f4f","result_position":17,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":151223145,"title":"After cultural literacy: new models of intercultural competency for life and work in a VUCA world","venue":"Educause Review","year":2019,"authors":["Elena Shliakhovchuk"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT Globalisation has brought about change not only in the economic, social and technological order, but also in people’s mentality and the ways they interact with the world around them. There has been a consensus that in our increasingly interconnected world, one of the essential tasks of educators and institutions at all levels is to develop, promote and enhance cultural literacy. In the wake of counter-globalisation forces and the rise of the national populist movement, the relevance of being culturally literate might be questioned. This paper reviews the literature on cultural literacy and clarifies some of the conceptual ideas surrounding the construct. It updates the elements of cultural literacy relevant to the 2020s and critically assesses the development of the concept of cultural literacy in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. An analysis and summary are made of common trends for a new set of skills and competencies necessary for success in the twenty-first century, studied by policy-making institutions like UNESCO, by education institutions like the British Council, by multinational corporations like IBM and Google, and by influencer organisations like LinkedIn and the World Economic Forum. The conclusion drawn is that there is a pressing need for an updated model of cultural literacy that can serve as a powerful instrument for living in a VUCA (volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity) world.","doi":"10.1080/00131911.2019.1566211","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3f3847180e26e60d9ff8295163c3e000063f3c5d","result_position":18,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":154429641,"title":"Leading global teams","venue":"","year":2012,"authors":["L. Zander","Audra I. Mockaitis","C. Butler"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1016/J.JWB.2012.01.012","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/485361604a41217efacc34816fcd61db7255eccd","result_position":19,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":271701125,"title":"Intercultural leadership: Contemporary business management","venue":"Ekonomija: teorija i praksa","year":2024,"authors":["Lea Dostanić"],"abstract":"Contemporary intercultural leadership has emerged as a critical area of study in the context of globalization and multiculturalism within organizations. The literature review synthesizes existing research on intercultural leadership, focusing on main aspects such as cultural competence, adaptability, effective communication, and cross-cultural collaboration. Results indicate that successful intercultural leaders demonstrate a combination of these skills to help them navigate cultural diversity and inclusivity within diverse terms. The paper aims to shed light on how a contemporary company, alongside its key characteristics, integrates diverse cultures and intercultural leadership, in relation to that research provides theoretical insight into the characteristics of contemporary leaders, with the aim of showing the essential qualities and skills required for a person to be recognized as an effective intercultural leader. Drawing on prior research, we aimed to demonstrate that within the realm of international business, leaders who actively embrace diversity are instrumental in fostering an environment conducive to the exchange of diverse perspectives and ideas. This, in turn, serves to cultivate innovation and creativity within their respective teams. Moreover, studies highlight the importance of continuous learning and development in enhancing intercultural leadership capabilities. The need for further research is clear, and the main focus is on the development of effective strategies for leading diverse teams in words that are becoming more globalized each day.","doi":"10.5937/etp2402134d","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ed4804e16db36ad9730506884dd2291ed6197595","result_position":20,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":270080246,"title":"WHAT ARE THE CHALLENGES OF INTERCULTURAL LEADERS IN CONTEMPORARY BUSINESS?","venue":"SCIENCE International Journal","year":2024,"authors":["Lea Dostanić"],"abstract":"The growth of globalisation and international trade has led to increased contact between different cultures, revealing the limitations and problems that can arise in their interaction. Negotiations are often complicated by the cultural distance created by different behaviour patterns in business practice. Accepting and taking into account the presence of multiculturalism can sometimes mean changes in global strategies or can call into question management models that have been considered valid until now as standard management models. Recognising and managing cultural distance allows companies and organisations to secure critical competitive advantages by reducing communication time and avoiding misunderstandings. Successful organisations are made up of people with excellent leadership skills. The twenty-first century requires a particular type of leader who can deal with globalisation and the new era’s challenges. An experienced leader should be able to successfully manage changes, make good decisions in complex situations, respect cultural customs and differences, and inspire his environment so that people understand the more profound meaning and purpose of the work they do in accordance with the demands of a changing and unpredictable market environment. A company is competitive to the extent that it is able to understand, use and transmit information to others, which reflects the competence of leaders. There are increasingly multinational companies that include many people worldwide in their business and connect them to each other regardless of long distances. They control capital, technology and resources around the world. Leaders plan and supervise essential organisational functions, such as production, development, sales and procurement, accounting and finance, and human resources management. For daily business, they usually form a team of associates who lead specific segments of the organisation, such as the manager for finance, human resources, and marketing. With their help, they manage the business, delegate tasks and control the fulfilment of set goals. To coordinate and supervise the execution of tasks, managers work out rules related to the distribution of responsibilities and competencies, control mechanisms and information exchange. The paper aims to show how a modern organisation, in addition to all its characteristics, combines cultural differences and intercultural leadership, as well as what qualities and competencies are desirable for someone to be considered a successful intercultural leader.","doi":"10.35120/sciencej0302101d","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ee3dda526d1c4b6150bfccca3fe384efb039b54e","result_position":21,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":56262307,"title":"Cross-cultural Leadership Effectiveness: Perspectives from Non-Western Leaders","venue":"","year":2015,"authors":["Hsiu-ching Ko"],"abstract":"Qualitative, in-depth interviews were used to explore determinants of cross-cultural leadership effectiveness from theperspectives of non-Western leaders. Data were collected from semi-structured interviews and self-reportedperformance from 12 expatriate Taiwanese managers. Analyses suggest three categorical determinants ofcross-cultural leadership effectiveness: personality characteristics, leadership strategies, and core competencies.Findings provide insightful information, facts, and facets related to the practice of cross-cultural leadership from theperspectives of non-Western expatriate managers. Results provide empirical evidence that contributes to the theoryof cross-cultural leadership, expatriate management, and global leadership development, and evidence for expatriatemanagers, trainers, and corporations.","doi":"10.5430/MOS.V2N4P1","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0b655d2b842a4bef92be26f232349a2f1fea2f8c","result_position":22,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":153393371,"title":"Global Leadership and Diversity","venue":"","year":2015,"authors":["M. Hassanzadeh","Abu Daud Silong","A. Asmuni","Nor Wahiza Abdul Wahat"],"abstract":"The emergence of globalization and diversity brings out new demands for leaders. They should become global leaders who develop new skills and abilities to lead in multicultural environments. This paper discusses how to develop global leadership with a different set of competencies in diverse situations. After reviewing the related literature, the researchers conclude that the diverse environments such as multiculturalism have a significant influence on the development of global leadership. This paper is based on a research conducted using a qualitative method involving in-depth interviews of selected participants. The data collected is transcribed verbatim and categorized into themes. The research will attempt to answer the questions: 1) What is global leadership? 2) What are the competencies needed by global leaders to lead in diversity? 3) How are these competencies developed for global leaders? Based on the findings recommendations are put forward to improve the effectiveness of global leadership. DOI: 10.5901/jesr.2015.v5n3p161","doi":"10.5901/JESR.2015.V5N3P161","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e36797dfff65454635effc08b7716b94380e8bc5","result_position":23,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":14300560,"title":"Integrating sustainability into innovation project portfolio management - A strategic perspective","venue":"","year":2014,"authors":["Jacques W. Brook","F. Pagnanelli"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1016/J.JENGTECMAN.2013.11.004","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/acf946b7cd700793f2a9888af65f3f7d4e880358","result_position":24,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":52024519,"title":"Changing Dynamics of Team Leadership in Global Project Environments","venue":"","year":2013,"authors":["H. Thamhain"],"abstract":"The dynamics and challenges of managing geographically dispersed project teams is examined in a field investigation of 72 multinational product developments, observed and studied between 2008 and 2012. The findings provide insight into the business processes and leadership style most conducive to cross-functional collaboration and effective project integration throughout the enterprise and its partners. The results show that many of the problems that surface on the technical side can be traced to social, psychological and organizational issues. In fact, people issues have the strongest impact on project performance. People are an intricate part of the work process. Issues affecting people, eventually impact the broader enterprise. On the positive side, the study shows that certain conditions, such as personal interest, pride and satisfaction with the work, professional work challenge, accomplishments and recognition, serve as catalysts toward unifying culturally diverse project teams and their work processes. These conditions act as bridging mechanisms between organizational goals and personal interests, between central control and local management norms, and between following a project plan and adaptive problem solving. However, working seamless across borders and cultures requires more than just issuing work orders, project summary plans or management guidelines. Emphasis must be on common values and goals to focus and unify the team. By recognizing the greater autonomy of all international partners as well as their cultural differences, management can build a true partnership among all the contributing organizations with strong linkages for communication, decision making and technology transfer that is sustainable over the project lifecycle. The paper suggests a framework for managerial actions and leadership for building high-performance multinational project teams.","doi":"10.4236/AJIBM.2013.32020","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/13602f69b249f94abbedef0e7ea12177f96199b1","result_position":25,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":114145392,"title":"A conceptual model to improve performance in virtual teams","venue":"","year":2016,"authors":["Shopee M. Dube","C. Marnewick"],"abstract":"Background: The vast improvement in communication technologies and sophisticated project management tools, methods and techniques has allowed geographically and culturally diverse groups to operate and function in a virtual environment. To succeed in this virtual environment where time and space are becoming increasingly irrelevant, organisations must define new ways of implementing initiatives. This virtual environment phenomenon has brought about the formation of virtual project teams that allow organisations to harness the skills and knowhow of the best resources, irrespective of their location. Objectives: The aim of this article was to investigate performance criteria and develop a conceptual model which can be applied to enhance the success of virtual project teams. There are no clear guidelines of the performance criteria in managing virtual project teams. Method: A qualitative research methodology was used in this article. The purpose of content analysis was to explore the literature to understand the concept of performance in virtual project teams and to summarise the findings of the literature reviewed. Results: The research identified a set of performance criteria for the virtual project teams as follows: leadership, trust, communication, team cooperation, reliability, motivation, comfort and social interaction. These were used to conceptualise the model. Conclusion: The conceptual model can be used in a holistic way to determine the overall performance of the virtual project team, but each factor can be analysed individually to determine the impact on the overall performance. The knowledge of performance criteria for virtual project teams could aid project managers in enhancing the success of these teams and taking a different approach to better manage and coordinate them.","doi":"10.4102/SAJIM.V18I1.674","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/48a57e20b62e36ad3948950411e61e618bf877a8","result_position":26,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":237690019,"title":"Innovation Competencies and Sustainability: A Proposed Model for Project Team Members","venue":"International Journal of Regional Development","year":2021,"authors":["A. Hassan"],"abstract":"Acquiring the right innovation competencies can lead to a successful implementation of sustainability projects. Hence, the purpose of this study is to identify the innovation competencies required by project team members to adopt and implement innovation effectively in sustainability projects. To achieve this target, a comprehensive literature review has been performed to build a model that integrates innovation competencies of project team members with the successful achievement of substantiality projects. In specific, these innovation competencies are leadership, communication, teamwork, creativity, and commitment of project team members. The paper also reveals that a successful implementation of innovation in sustainability projects leads to economic growth, environmental protection, and social equity as main outcomes. Accordingly, this research proposes a model that presents the associations between project team members’ innovation competencies and the implementation of sustainability projects (considering the three pillars of sustainability that are economic growth, environmental protection, and social equity). As a result, the project team members, who acquire the required innovation competencies, have the capability to implement sustainability projects, successfully.","doi":"10.5296/IJRD.V8I2.18841","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1f84d16389ccbe87ea2c3dab8b5678083ff7d0db","result_position":27,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":52918480,"title":"Global Software Development: Practices for Cultural Differences","venue":"International Conference on Product Focused Software Process Improvement","year":2018,"authors":["M. Marinho","A. Luna","Sarah Beecham"],"abstract":"Drivers for globalization are significant where today's organizations look for cheaper and faster ways to develop software as well as ways to satisfy quality and investment requirements imposed by customers, shareholders, and governments. Given these needs, Global Software Development (GSD) has become a \"normal\" way of doing business. Working in GSD often require teams of different cultures to work together. A poor understanding of cultural differences can create barriers to trust or missed opportunities. The literature on culture in GSD is either outdated or disparate, requiring practitioners to read many papers to get an overview of how to manage multi-cultural teams. In this study, we aim to highlight how to increase cultural awareness within teams, avoid potential conflict and harness differences for improved team spirit. To answer our research question, \"How should cultural differences be managed, identified and communicated to a GSD team?\", we conducted a systematic literature review of the GSD literature. A synthesis of solutions found in nineteen studies provided 12 distinct practices that organizations can implement, to include, \"provide a cultural knowledge base\", \"understand and make team members aware of cultural differences\" and \"plan responses to mitigate occurrences of cultural misunderstandings\". These implementable cultural practices go some way to providing solutions to managing multi-cultural development teams, and thus to support one of the problem dimensions in GSD and embrace cultural differences.","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-03673-7_22","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1fc7c03956ddf0850e870d97ac6d56fc597f3b51","result_position":28,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":230552904,"title":"Role of diversity management and charismatic leadership on innovation and performance in the globalized era","venue":"International Journal of Innovation","year":2020,"authors":["Zafer Adıguzel","Fatma Sonmez Cakir"],"abstract":"Objective of the Study: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships between the variables of diversity management, charismatic leadership, innovation speed, innovation performance, and company performance.Methodology/Approach: A survey study was conducted with 427 employees (both technicians and engineers) working at companies that operated in the manufacturing industry in the scope of the research purpose. SPSS 25 and SPSS AMOS programs were used incrementally, and the acquired data were evaluated and analyzed.Originality/Relevance: In this research, white-collar workers constituted our sampling group because they play a key role in product innovation. While gathering the analysis data, the first 500 companies registered in Istanbul Chamber of Industry were determined, and manufacturing companies operating in Istanbul constituted the main part of the study.Main Results: As a result of the analysis, it is understood that diversity management and charismatic leadership have a positive influence on innovation and performance.Theoretical/Methodological Contribution: In terms of innovation and company performance, the study revealed the mediation effect of charismatic leadership linked to diversity management.Social/management contributions: In order for organizations to carry out creative and innovative activities, it is very important to effectively manage different ideas and thoughts within organizations. In fact, charismatic leadership positively affects employees, helping them to perform better. Therefore, employees must be actively involved in order to successfully carry out innovation.","doi":"10.5585/iji.v8i3.17595","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a0c26acb53fce2d4bb799eb23cd79609718b52c1","result_position":29,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":234338741,"title":"Proposed Competencies Required for Construction Project Managers in Afghanistan","venue":"International Journal of Advanced Academic Studies","year":2021,"authors":["Mohammad Najim Wahedy","Amanullah Faqiri"],"abstract":"The nature of projects is always dynamic, complex, and different from each other. Project lifecycle is along with risk, changes, uncertainty, and even sometimes not succeed. Therefore, to bridge these gaps in Afghanistan context and to achieve the project goal within budget, time, scope, and quality. All projects-oriented organizations such as construction firms, consultancy firms, and information and communication technology (ICT) firms, need project managers with leadership and management competencies or skill sets to complete projects successfully. Leadership and management competencies are combinations of knowledge, skill sets, leadership styles, including technical, emotional, behavioral abilities which elaborated in this paper. These traits are compiled and analyzed through a comprehensive study of related research papers, standards, and relevant institutions for project management, that reflect the intent of this paper.","doi":"10.33545/27068919.2021.V3.I1C.485","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7e4200e33ff231386aa7e5d1ce908ef67a33932e","result_position":30,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":186933741,"title":"Examining Leadership Characteristics at International Multilaterals","venue":"Montenegrin Journal of Economics","year":2018,"authors":["A. G. Raišienė","Aleksandra Pulokiene","Andrius Valickas"],"abstract":"Received June 19, 2018 Revised from June 30, 2018 Accepted August 20, 2018 Available online September 15, 2018 The paper discusses leadership characteristics in international projects that require cooperation. The influence of the leader's traits and qualities on the implementation of the multilateral project was studied under the framework of the Latvia-Lithuania-Belarus TransBorder Cooperation Program. A multistage survey in different target groups was used for the research. The research revealed that there is no discrepancy between the effective leadership at multilaterals and effective leadership concepts in general. Nevertheless, some specific leader’s characteristics and qualities can be underlined. Multilateral projects require leader to be competitive, self-confident, visionary and supportive at first. Herewith, the leader must have good knowledge on the project technical requirements, an ability to consult project team on performance, a capability to coordinate and to control project processes, a capacity to effectively manage project documentation, a competence of mentoring and employee engagement, an ability to meet project team needs, and perfect skills of project internal and external communication. The research also revealed that cultural differences of team members can determine the attitude towards leadership. JEL classification:","doi":"10.14254/1800-5845/2018.14-3.14","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/61ad25cab6986a2002083624bd6f758525a3185f","result_position":31,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":201324976,"title":"Intercultural Communication Competence in Multinational Competitiveness: Literature Review and Synthesis","venue":"Journal of Business & Economic Policy","year":2019,"authors":["E. Okoro"],"abstract":"The increasing scope of business organizations in the first decade of the twenty-first century is drawing much scholarly attention, and the trend has been described as a fact of life that defies the stretch of human imagination. The concept of global economy has expanded consumer awareness, defined new standards and rules of operations, and increased the need for national and corporate interdependence. Multinational organizations are exploring opportunities around the world, demonstrating sensitivity towards cultural differences in order to gain from the proliferation and growth of international enterprise. Recent studies indicate that while some corporations compete successfully in the global marketplace, others have failed to sustain their competitive advantage because of cultural imperialism or inadequate acculturation of their managers on international assignment. Corporate analysts argued that the key to global business success depends on effective cross-cultural etiquette and global workforce diversity management. Other significant studies emphasized that global managers should be trained in interpersonal relationship and group communication competence, and should be equipped with cross-cultural negotiation skills that can maintain global competitiveness. Increasingly, corporations recognize the value of preparing global managers, because business objectives of are not been achieved primarily because of deficiencies in cross-cultural etiquette. Against this background, this study provides a constructive evaluation and analysis of global etiquette and cross-cultural communication for managers in international assignments. The study then proposes a strategic role for organizations to achieve adequate return on investments and to succeed in international competitiveness through cultural awareness, sensitivity, and reciprocity.","doi":"10.30845/JBEP.V6N2A1","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/52264c80299c7d45b9c239d8c4d5ea0c5d63a110","result_position":32,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":234867319,"title":"Effective Cross-Cultural Communication for International Business","venue":"","year":2021,"authors":["P. Sahadevan","M. Sumangala"],"abstract":"In today’s business and pandemic scenario, working in an international team is common with remote workers, overseas offices, and inescapable cultural gaps. The diversity of co-workers may become a cultural barrier that some people don’t know how to overcome. Most of the professionals do not even realize the problems of cultural differences in their work. Cultural awareness helps managers to effectively transact with their employees and other stakeholders. Understanding the diverse workforce and guiding them for effective cross-cultural communication is essential for multicultural firms, or else they may face several issues in the areas of employee relationships, staffing, attrition rates, trade policies, mergers, advertising, business stakeholder relationships, team building, and negotiations. Language, stereotypes, non-verbal signs, emotional display, ethnocentrism, anxiety, uncertainty, perception, and prejudice are the invisible barriers to enculturation. This paper discusses how to effectively communicate in a culturally diverse organization by sharing and exchanging ideas based on mutual understanding, respect, and credibility. Best practices for effective cross-cultural communication are summarized in this chapter for the use of students, academicians, and managers in intercultural contexts. This will help them to gain some insights about multicultural environments and how to get along with people by maintaining etiquette, mutual respect, reciprocal cognition, and avoiding stereotypes. The study also discusses the importance of inclusive communication, constructive transactions, cross-cultural training, and design thinking in modern organizations. The paper may be very effective to teach subjects like Organisation behavior and International business communication.","doi":"10.34293/MANAGEMENT.V8I4.3813","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0054ce6de310aa8ba5a6929b4a17ffcd0cb40aff","result_position":33,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":269610825,"title":"Cross-cultural competence in global HRD: Strategies for developing an inclusive and diverse workforce","venue":"International Journal of Science and Research Archive","year":2024,"authors":["Patricia Diane Mouboua","Fadeke Adeola Atobatele","Olateju Temitope Akintayo"],"abstract":"In today's interconnected world, where businesses operate globally, Cross-Cultural Competence (CCC) in Human Resource Development (HRD) has become indispensable. This review explores the significance of CCC in fostering an inclusive and diverse workforce, focusing on strategies for its development. Cross-cultural competence refers to the ability of individuals and organizations to navigate and interact across different cultural contexts effectively. In the realm of HRD, cultivating CCC is essential for creating inclusive workplaces that embrace diversity, promote understanding, and harness the potential of all employees. One of the critical strategies for developing CCC in HRD is cultural awareness training. It involves educating employees about cultural norms, values, and communication styles, fostering empathy, and understanding. Organizations can minimize misunderstandings and conflicts by equipping employees with cultural knowledge, leading to enhanced collaboration and productivity. Another crucial aspect is the promotion of cultural sensitivity and open-mindedness within the organizational culture. HRD initiatives should emphasize the value of diversity and inclusion, encouraging employees to appreciate and respect differences. This can be achieved through policies celebrating diversity, such as diversity training programs, affinity groups, and inclusive leadership development. Effective communication is fundamental to CCC in HRD. Organizations must facilitate transparent and open communication channels accommodating diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds. Encouraging multilingualism, providing translation services, and utilizing cross-cultural communication training can bridge language barriers and facilitate meaningful staff interactions.","doi":"10.30574/ijsra.2024.12.1.0765","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dd2f6375c929094cfb6b5ee208e3cd9c93028eba","result_position":34,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":221116475,"title":"Analysis of factors affecting project communications with a hybrid DEMATEL-ISM approach (A case study in Iran)","venue":"Heliyon","year":2020,"authors":["Hedieh Shakeri","M. Khalilzadeh"],"abstract":"One of the main factors in the success of projects is communications management and proper and timely distribution of information among all internal and external project stakeholders. Despite of emphasizing on the importance of project communications in the literature, there are few studies identifying factors influencing project communications. This research aims to address this shortcoming by identifying and determining sequences and relationships factors affecting project communications and their clustering. The informed communication strategy allows managers to structure the information flow in a better and more controlled manner and to avoid the costs caused by lack of effective and timely communication. The present study is conducted to help clarify the views of the organization's managers and project managers on project communications, and to identify factors affecting it and how they effectively communicate to successfully accomplish the projects. First a number of factors influencing project communications are identified on the basis of previous studies and interviews with experts and project managers working in oil, gas and power plant construction megaprojects in Iran. Then, these factors are analyzed by using the combination of fuzzy DEMATEL and Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) techniques. The relationships and sequence between the indicators are determined so that it can be effective in project communications planning and project success through providing an insight for senior managers and project managers.","doi":"10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04430","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6718641afbe4789908e377f61143ae15ea6181bb","result_position":35,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":238755088,"title":"In whom do we trust? Critical success factors impacting intercultural communication in multicultural project teams","venue":"International Journal of Information Systems and Project Management","year":2021,"authors":["Wen-Ju Yu","K. Cormican","Qiong Wu","Suzana Sampaio"],"abstract":"Trust is a significant enabler for intercultural communication in project teams. Researchers and practitioners, therefore, need to know which factors might enhance trust in intercultural communication. Contributing to the yet limited number of studies in the field of intercultural communication for multicultural project teams, this research theoretically analyzes and empirically investigates the enablers of trust for intercultural communication focusing on emotional intelligence, empathy, interaction, and transparency. Using a field sample of 117 experienced project managers working in multicultural project teams, we find that interaction and transparency significantly and positively influence trust in intercultural communication; empathy marginally and positively influences trust. Emotional intelligence does not exert an effect on it. These results provide novel theoretical and empirical insights which have practical implications for project managers. The findings direct suggestions for additional theoretical work.","doi":"10.12821/ijispm090302","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/961e2827d405e166804f3c06a8cb16c3027ec308","result_position":36,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":268746732,"title":"USING INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE DIMENSIONS IN MANAGING MULTICULTURAL TEAM PERFORMANCE","venue":"Herald of Kazakh-British technical university","year":2024,"authors":["Y. Y. Atakoziyeva","S. K. Moldakhmetova","A. Khonai","K. P. Charman"],"abstract":"This article provides the relevance and effectiveness of intercultural communication competence for managing multicultural teams within Kazakhstan-based international companies. This research seeks to assess project managers and team members’ knowledge, attitudes and skills related to intercultural communication competence. Byram’s model of intercultural communication competence will be utilized with its emphasis on cultural knowledge and attitudes. This study’s significance lies in its focus on cross-cultural management and communication in diverse work environments, using quantitative survey research methodologies conducted among project managers and team members in Kazakhstan international companies. The purpose is to investigate whether project managers and team members from multinational companies in Kazakhstan, operating in diverse cultural settings, possess the ability to identify elements of cross-cultural communicative competence while overseeing their teams and supervising the performance of their subordinates. Data analysis offers insights into intercultural communication competence knowledge, attitudes and skills within their specific context. These findings contribute to existing knowledge on intercultural communication competence and its application in managing multicultural teams, emphasizing the significance of cultural knowledge, positive attitudes toward diversity and effective communication skills for achieving successful project results. Furthermore, the results can provide practical implications for project managers and organizations looking to enhance their intercultural communication competence.","doi":"10.55452/1998-6688-2024-21-1-169-182","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/72a12f4369eca690e255e61a9891309572c07f89","result_position":37,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":273293752,"title":"Effective Management of Multi-Cultural Construction Project Teams Issues and Strategies for Improving Team Performance","venue":"International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology","year":2024,"authors":["Sahan Nishok Purasinghe"],"abstract":"The seminar paper provides a pragmatic perspective of the topic of effective management of multi- cultural construction project teams. The paper provides a detailed collated review of issues pertaining to multi- cultural construction project teams and the strategies that can be adopted to overcome those issues thereby improving the performance of the team in its entirety based on the findings of previous research. The paper has been structured in a manner that includes a brief introduction into the topic, definition of the term “Culture”, definition of a “multi-cultural” project team, importance of multi-cultural construction project teams, issues of multi-cultural construction project teams and finally, strategies to overcome the issues from previous research as well as novel concepts and tools that have proven to work in the global project management arena. The author anticipates that the content provided in this seminar paper shall be beneficial for effective decision making by organizational leadership to establish high performing construction project teams that acknowledge and respect cultural diversity whilst utilizing the benefits of cultural heterogeneity and mitigating the detrimental impacts of the same.","doi":"10.38124/ijisrt/ijisrt24sep1456","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c7f8b6816490985efb1e22a1c81a9908411d3cef","result_position":38,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":266733761,"title":"Telecom project management: Lessons learned and best practices: A review from Africa to the USA","venue":"World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews","year":2023,"authors":["Maria Gisele","Santos","Chinedu Alex Ezeigweneme","Aniekan Akpan Umoh","Valentine Ikenna Ilojianya","A. Adegbite"],"abstract":"This paper provides an overview of a comprehensive review that delves into the realm of Telecom Project Management, offering valuable insights garnered from experiences in both African and American contexts. As the telecommunications industry continues to evolve globally, effective project management practices play a pivotal role in ensuring successful implementation, deployment, and maintenance of complex telecom projects. The study explores a spectrum of lessons learned and best practices by juxtaposing project management experiences from Africa to the USA. It examines the unique challenges faced in diverse geographical and operational landscapes, shedding light on how cultural, regulatory, and infrastructural variations impact project dynamics. Key themes addressed include project initiation, scope definition, stakeholder engagement, risk management, and the incorporation of cutting-edge technologies. Through an in-depth analysis of case studies and real-world examples, the review underscores the importance of adapting project management methodologies to local contexts while leveraging global best practices. Furthermore, the paper highlights the significance of fostering cross-cultural collaboration, emphasizing the role of effective communication and leadership in overcoming challenges. The lessons learned from successful and challenging telecom projects serve as a foundation for the identification of best practices that can be universally applied, enhancing the likelihood of project success. In conclusion, the Telecom Project Management review offers a holistic perspective, bridging the gap between experiences in Africa and the USA. The findings contribute to the ongoing discourse on global project management practices within the telecommunications sector, providing a valuable resource for professionals, researchers, and policymakers seeking to navigate the complexities of telecom projects across diverse international landscapes.","doi":"10.30574/wjarr.2023.20.3.2707","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cdced1dea76a257324a1b79660a1d283b74955da","result_position":39,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":41011520,"title":"Culture and Conflict Management Style of International Project Managers","venue":"","year":2009,"authors":["U. Mohammed","Gareth R. T. White","G. Prabhakar"],"abstract":"The management of culture has become increasingly important to many organisations and business disciplines, particularly multicultural and international project management. Cultural differences often result in varying degrees of conflict and require careful consideration. This study surveys 116 Project Managers using the Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument to determine their approach toward managing conflict. Indian, French and UK Project Managers’ conflict management style are correlated with Hofstede’s description of their cultural characteristics. We find that significant links between the cultural dimensions of Individualism and Masculinity with the propensity for Project Managers to adopt a Competitive style of conflict management. We also find Uncertainty Avoidance correlates with a tendency for Project Managers to adopt an Avoiding approach to conflict management. Other relationships are found between Hofstede’s cultural dimensions and conflict management styles in Project Managers but their meaning requires further study.","doi":"10.5539/IJBM.V3N5P3","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6996016dd86c1469d789cefa6556fd4c1764c36b","result_position":40,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":155073454,"title":"Cross-Cultural Etiquette and Communication in Global Business: Toward a Strategic Framework for Managing Corporate Expansion","venue":"","year":2012,"authors":["E. Okoro"],"abstract":"The expanding scope of business corporations in the first decade of the twenty-first century is drawing much scholarly attention, and the trend has been described as a fact of life that defies the stretch of human imagination. The concept of global economy has expanded consumer awareness, defined new standards and rules of operations, and increased the need for national and corporate interdependence. Multinational organizations are exploring opportunities around the world, demonstrating sensitivity towards cultural differences in order to gain from the proliferation and growth of international enterprise. Recent studies indicate that while some corporations compete successfully in the global marketplace, others have failed to sustain their competitive advantage because of cultural imperialism or inadequate acculturation of their managers on international assignment. Corporate analysts argued that the key to global business success depends on effective cross-cultural etiquette and global workforce diversity management. Other significant studies emphasized that global managers should be trained in interpersonal relationship and group communication competence, and should be equipped with cross-cultural negotiation skills that can maintain global competitiveness. Increasingly, corporations recognize the value of preparing global managers, because business objectives of are not been achieved primarily because of deficiencies in cross-cultural etiquette. Against this background, this study provides a constructive evaluation and analysis of global etiquette and cross-cultural communication for managers in international assignments. The study then proposes a strategic role for organizations to achieve adequate return on investments and to succeed in international competitiveness through cultural awareness, sensitivity, and reciprocity.","doi":"10.5539/IJBM.V7N16P130","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2772bd7d24a94df874cd8f5500beb9b8ec122193","result_position":41,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":266717783,"title":"DYNAMICS OF MANAGEMENT IN MULTICULTURAL PROJECT TEAMS","venue":"International Journal of Business Reflections","year":2023,"authors":["Atif Nawaz Mughal","A. Shahzad","Raza Rao Hashim"],"abstract":"With the emergence of globalization, the business models have been completely transformed. A growing number of businesses are operating globally giving rise to diverse multicultural teams. Nevertheless, cultural differences have undermined the efficiency and decision-making of the international project teams as there is more cultural diversity in the teams than ever before. Hence, it has become imperative for the organizations to take cultural diversity into consideration. Prominent cultural studies postulate that having diverse teams in the organizations can have both challenges and opportunities, yet it lacks emphasis of cultural understanding in project management. Moreover, digitization of business operations have moved organizations towards more specialized roles instead of traditional roles. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of team dynamics, their cultural backgrounds, values, and beliefs. It also emphasizes project team development to adopt increased empathetic attitude and emotional intelligence. The research has employed qualitative data retrieved from questionnaires and interviews. A project group development model is proposed aimed at avoiding conflicts arising due to lack of cultural understanding .The findings show that multicultural project groups will experience conflicts caused by cultural differences. Therefore, cultural understanding is vital for group members before they start working together as a group. In addition, cultural training, effective communication, teambuilding exercises and well-defined project goals are important determinants in avoiding team conflicts. Furthermore, project management methodologies should also address cultural aspects of project groups in addition to technical details as present studies lack any cultural advice.","doi":"10.56249/ijbr.03.01.42","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/af18e7fd38287fc5cb6d95b22b08c69b33fcefd0","result_position":42,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":267008988,"title":"Research on the Importance of Cross-cultural Integration in International Business Management","venue":"Modern Economics & Management Forum","year":2023,"authors":["Hai-yen. Huang"],"abstract":"The aim of this study is to delve into the significance of cross-cultural integration in international business management. In the context of globalization, cross-cultural integration has become a key factor for businesses to gain a competitive advantage in the international market. A profound understanding and effective utilization of cultural diversity enable businesses to better address challenges in the international market, enhance their competitiveness, and achieve sustainable development. This research will focus on the impact of cross-cultural integration on business strategies, team collaboration, market expansion, etc., aiming to provide management strategies and decision references for businesses and further advance the theory of international business management. Through in-depth research and empirical analysis, this study aims to offer a comprehensive and profound international management perspective, providing crucial guidance and support for businesses to stand resilient in global competition.","doi":"10.32629/memf.v4i6.1502","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f58e53f0111e2232e44c6266d81a5b49ec7e9437","result_position":43,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":244844055,"title":"Leadership in business communication","venue":"SHS Web of Conferences","year":2021,"authors":["Svetlana Alekseevna Dubinko","I. Klimova","L. Dubinka-Hushcha","G. Klimova"],"abstract":"In a geographically structured organization, where divisions are represented by geography or country, understanding cultural complexities is critical to business success. Cultural traditions can vary within individual groups and communities, not to mention the diversity of cultural traditions across countries and continents. These cultural differences are also represented in the concept of leadership, the latter being crucial for effective business communication and doing business both globally and locally. Such deep components of culture as values, beliefs, cognitive styles, relationship with the environment, attitude to social structure, time, communication change very slowly or do not change at all, even in our global world. They are also crucial for understanding leadership and behavioral norms in successful business communication under the conditions of digital economy. The study draws on a survey conducted among students, master students and alumni in Denmark and Belarus. The purpose of the study is to show that the global leadership style implies the variants which are sensitive to the national leadership styles to the extent that is most appropriate for the corporate climate and business interests.","doi":"10.1051/shsconf/202112702009","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/138e74960e96323089d54dde2f6980ec439e92a3","result_position":44,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":272212741,"title":"GLOBAL MANAGEMENT AND GLOBAL CULTURE: A BIBLIOMETRIC REVIEW OF BUSINESS PRACTICES AND PERFORMANCE","venue":"Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi","year":2024,"authors":["Lussy Widia Asmaraningtyas","S. Sriyono"],"abstract":"This research discusses Global Management and Global Culture in the context of international business development. Through a bibliometric approach, this research evaluates related literature to understand the influence of global management and global culture on business practices and company performance. The main findings highlight publication trends that include digitalization, sustainability, diversity, and the concept of \"globalization\" as important elements in global management. The theoretical and practical implications of this research demonstrate the complexity of global management and its contribution to international management theory. Practical recommendations include the integration of cultural understanding in business strategy, the enhancement of intercultural competence, and the adoption of sustainable practices. Although this research provides an interesting perspective, there are limitations in the research design and methodology. Therefore, for future research, it is recommended to conduct more in-depth studies on the influence of specific cultures in business practices as well as explore unexplored areas in the literature to provide more comprehensive practical solutions in an increasingly complex global business environment.","doi":"10.31932/jpe.v9i2.3653","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/87f67fd06b923497a4ddd5717c8d9b481a5e235b","result_position":45,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":266113387,"title":"Junior Software Engineers’ International Communication and Collaboration Competences","venue":"IEEE Access","year":2023,"authors":["Anu Niva","Jouni Markkula","Elina Annanperä"],"abstract":"Present-day Software Engineering working environment is highly international. Teams are commonly formed of people from different nationalities and cultural backgrounds. The team’s productivity and efficiency depend significantly on its members’ international communication and collaboration competences. Therefore, understanding the required competences is essential. The software organizations hiring new software engineers need to be able to define and describe the competences, and the junior software engineers applying for their first jobs should know what competences they need to possess and demonstrate. In this study, to increase understanding of necessary communication and collaboration competences in the international Software Engineering working environment, competences were, first, analyzed from the job advertisements applicable to junior software engineers and, second, identified by a literature review. The results were compared to identify what competences junior software engineers should learn and demonstrate, to be competent in the international software engineer job markets. The job advertisement findings show that the international operational environment expects extensive competence in collaboration, high competence in English, and considerable competence in local language and communication. Intercultural competence and other languages are hardly expected. The literature review emphasizes inter-related communication, collaboration, intercultural, and language competences at various levels. Eventually, junior software engineers should demonstrate a tolerant and adaptable attitude, cooperativeness, independence, openness, courage to influence, oral and written social interaction skills, fluent professional English and local language communication skills as well as field-specific and general collaboration methods. The findings benefit juniors and Software Engineering education through which also employers obtain more competent jobseekers.","doi":"10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3340409","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7a78d8f67bcc72e70c4beb364efdce1064a50720","result_position":46,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":267958344,"title":"Effective Management of Construction Project Team: Identifying Leadership Qualities and Responsibilities","venue":"Scholars Journal of Economics Business and Management","year":2024,"authors":["Tawfig Khidir Ibnouf Adham","Amr Sukkar"],"abstract":"Leadership within construction project teams is a critical aspect of effective project management, yet a comprehensive understanding of essential leadership qualities and responsibilities remains elusive in academic discourse. This research addresses this gap by identifying key leadership characteristics crucial for the efficient management of construction teams. The study objectives include exploring essential leadership characteristics and filling the gap in the leadership literature specific to the construction industry. This study employed a qualitative data collection and analysis approach involving in-depth interviews with nine seasoned professionals from diverse construction-related roles and organizations. The findings reveal that emotional intelligence and relationship building are paramount for creating a collaborative and innovative work environment. Empowerment and inclusivity foster team initiative and diversity, although caution is warranted to mitigate potential negative impacts on role stress and unethical behavior. Recognition and appreciation of team contributions contribute to morale and motivation, while continuous learning encourages adaptability and growth. Precise goal setting and efficient communication are foundational for focused and responsive team dynamics, while delegation and trust-building strategies promote collaboration and cohesion. Finally, prioritizing employee well-being ensures a positive and healthy work environment conducive to sustained engagement. The study contributes valuable insights into leadership characteristics vital for constructing teams' optimal functioning and management. The multifaceted nature of construction project management is highlighted, emphasizing the need for leaders to possess a diverse skill set to navigate the complexities of team dynamics in the construction industry. The findings provide actionable knowledge for practitioners and scholars, fostering a more holistic comprehension of effective ......","doi":"10.36347/sjebm.2024.v11i02.003","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3751e6d1e2399a8f25854e49870e7c2229a9f217","result_position":47,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":226057178,"title":"Changes in Globalization: How Should IB Education Respond?","venue":"","year":2020,"authors":["Nancy R Buchan","Elizabeth C. Ravlin","Orgul D. Ozturk"],"abstract":"A new phase of globalization has made the world cognizant of the job losses, inequality of gains across countries and socio-economic sectors, and climate degradation that has resulted from prior global business practices. We examine what changes international business (IB) education should consider as these patterns evolve. Non-routine analytical skills and global interpersonal skills will still be important in the changing economy. However, evidence suggests that IB education should also emphasize broader knowledge of politics, institutions, sociology, and anthropology in order to help future business leaders navigate and balance the increasingly complex requirements of both local and global stakeholder interests.","doi":"10.46697/001c.13433","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0cf7579e2af3a9e58c4d847b53bcc21f3daaa2b5","result_position":48,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":233316338,"title":"Leading in Switzerland and Poland: A Case Study of Leadership Practices in Financial Services","venue":"International Journal of Financial Studies","year":2021,"authors":["M. Steinmann","Carlo Pugnetti"],"abstract":"Leading across national borders is a challenge, partly due to the cultural differences among employees in different locations. We investigate this dynamic for employees of a Swiss financial services company located in Switzerland and in Poland by surveying employees about their leadership expectations and experiences, as well as about their cultural values. We find that the leadership expectations of employees in these two locations do not differ significantly. However, their experience does, indicating the opportunity for further development of local Polish management practices and leadership behavior, and underlying the importance of local leadership development. In addition, we find that a few cultural dimensions have a significant impact on leadership expectations in both countries, indicating the opportunity to further refine situational leadership behavior throughout the organization independently of location. While organizations spanning across Western and Central European locations need to deal with significant differences in cultural and leadership expectation, our results suggest that they can effectively align leadership practices and thus mitigate the practical challenges arising from these differences.","doi":"10.3390/IJFS9010006","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/98a8cddd04d64b7125a2b4f41af7f54d8e6f6ec2","result_position":49,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":32635572,"title":"Managing Virtual Team Work in IT Projects: Survey","venue":"International Journal of Advanced Corporate Learning","year":2014,"authors":["H. El-Sofany","Hassan M. Alwadani","Amer E. Alwadani"],"abstract":"the nature of managing team work has changed significantly because of changes in organizations and the nature of the work they do. Organizations have become more distributed across geography and across industries. Relationships between people inside an organization and those previously considered outside (customers, suppliers, managers of collaborating organizations, other stakeholders) are becoming more important. Organizations have discovered the value of collaborative work. When implementing IT projects in a global environment, a popular strategy is the establishment of virtual teams. The objective of this paper is to examine what competence an IT project manager has to have to lead a virtual IT team successfully. The question is approached from the perspective of competences presented in the IPMA (International Project Management Association) competence baseline, or The Eye of Competences. Results from research, as well as a survey conducted, highlighted that both soft and hard skills are needed for the optimal IT project manager to lead a virtual team. To be successful in this area it is not sufficient to be outstanding in technical competences. Soft skills like communication, teamwork and leadership are no less essential. The competences scoring highest in the survey were: clarity of objectives, leadership & project management, communication, reliability & efficiency, teamwork and quality management.","doi":"10.3991/ijac.v7i4.4018","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d00a71760faaf2f48b0c5bb08e6c92994a85b327","result_position":50,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":269270442,"title":"Bridging the Cultural Divides: The Transformative Power of Cultural Intelligence in Global Business Leadership and Negotiation","venue":"Journal of global research in education and social science","year":2024,"authors":["Kavita Sharma","Tarun Kumar Makhija"],"abstract":"The globalization of the business realm emphasizes the need for leaders with the aptitude to function effectively across diverse cultural contexts. Cultural Intelligence (CQ) is the frontier in this pursuit, highlighting the capability to relate and operate effectively in varying cultural environments. This paper delves into how CQ influences leadership effectiveness in a global setting, investigates methods to enhance CQ in multinational corporations, and explores the relationship between high CQ and successful international business negotiations and collaborations. Grounded in a multidisciplinary theoretical framework that draws from international business, psychology, and intercultural communication, the study employs a systematic literature review methodology to synthesize current knowledge and applications of CQ. Moreover, as businesses compete in an increasingly interconnected world, leaders equipped with CQ are emerging as pivotal assets, driving both strategic alliances and enhanced organizational productivity. This paper underscores the urgency for cultivating such competencies in the evolving international landscape.","doi":"10.56557/jogress/2024/v18i28647","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/61ee82d386aa4a0eb56477511847555a6b6fa8ef","result_position":51,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":269970845,"title":"Exploring the impact of cultural diversity in global projects: A comparative analysis of virtual and face-to-face teamwork","venue":"International Journal of Cross Cultural Management","year":2024,"authors":["Katul Yousef"],"abstract":"In today’s interconnected global business landscape, the rise of international business and technological advancements has led to a proliferation of global virtual teams. This dynamic environment underscores the critical importance of understanding cultural diversity within such teams and its impact on performance. To effectively compete in this milieu, individuals must possess the requisite knowledge and skills to navigate diverse cultural backgrounds, both in virtual and face-to-face interactions. This paper delves into the profound significance of cultural diversity and its multifaceted implications within the context of virtual and face-to-face project team dynamics. To gain insights into global virtual teamwork dynamics regarding cultural diversity, a project involving 65 participants was designed. The project’s progression was closely monitored, and participants provided feedback in two stages, yielding a total of 130 feedback sheets for analysis. The research findings shed light on the nuanced dynamics of global virtual teamwork, highlighting cultural diversity as a perceived risk factor. However, these challenges can be effectively managed through the strategic deployment of project management tools. Conversely, in face-to-face settings, cultural diversity emerges as a potent catalyst for innovation and creativity, offering unique perspectives that enrich problem-solving processes. This study serves as a critical resource for educators, project managers, and stakeholders invested in optimizing cross-cultural interactions in both virtual and face-to-face environments. By leveraging insights gleaned from this research, practitioners can harness the power of cultural diversity to drive success in today’s globalized organizational landscape.","doi":"10.1177/14705958241253754","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ce97087c89f75ec82ba52194552858380196b05a","result_position":52,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":153769486,"title":"Insights from Global Project Managers: Career Advice for Successful International Assignments","venue":"","year":2015,"authors":["Tracey M. Richardson","James W. Marion","S. Onu"],"abstract":"Qualitative analysis techniques were used to identify recurring themes from project manager interview summaries undertaken by 120 project management students. The themes and the resulting conceptual framework provide evidence for the factors that support the development of successful global project managers. Such factors were found to include taking the initiative to acquire an in-depth understand the local environment and to develop culture and language competence.","doi":"10.5539/IJBM.V10N10P9","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/250733552302db356a980b4282069f78da35de19","result_position":53,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":236308172,"title":"Enhancing leadership qualities for conflict management in intercultural business environments (as part of professional and foreign language preparation of future economists of international economic relations)","venue":"","year":2021,"authors":["N. Aleksandrova"],"abstract":"The goal of this writing is to advocate the significance of educating and enhancing leadership qualities and skills for successful conflict management situations. By analyzing the current trends in doing business nationally and globally, understanding approaches to manage conflicts in a cross-cultural business environment we have identified professional requirements for graduates seeking beneficial and successful careers in international business, economic relationships and management. Analyzing relevant articles the author points out that today’s business environment is notably sustainability-driven and aimed at maintaining the conditions that allow it to flourish in cross-cultural teams over time. Thus, organizations’ leaders and managers are and will be aimed at building enduring business institutions. The author underlines the importance of acquiring cultural awareness, basic knowledge of conflict management and cultivating leadership qualities in the process of foreign language preparation at university. The novelty of our research lies in the fact that we have undertaken an attempt to connect the importance of leadership qualities with the relevance of analyzing conflict management in general. We also emphasize that in future the global business will undoubtedly face a talent void, and, consequently, professionals able to think and treat different situations holistically will predominate the labour market. In the article, we also share our own experience of improving our students’ leadership qualities. The conflict management grid is analyzed. Based on the recent publications we suggested some crucial steps to be undertaken to achieve success in conflict management.","doi":"10.31874/2520-6702-2021-11-1-192-200","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dc98f01999e4494f37e0041629b4e4579d53cd01","result_position":54,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":55298878,"title":"Competency-Based Training Program for International Students","venue":"","year":2015,"authors":["A. Azevedo","Deborah Hurst","Rocky J. Dwyer"],"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to introduce a training program for developing the self-discovery and self-regulation competencies of international students. The paper combines literature review from global leadership, international education and related disciplines to advance a competency-based program that addresses a critical need for greater integration and retention of international students in their host countries. Research evidence from the literature review further suggested that key competencies such as self-awareness and self-regulation are critical for enabling the development of culturally intelligent behaviours. The program therefore introduces an initial phase of experiential learning activities in mindfulness and sense-making to foster the development of the foundational competence self-discovery. In addition, a second phase of entrepreneurial projects is designed to support individual growth in three self-regulation competencies: psychological flexibility, human sustainability and entrepreneurial thinking. The importance of this training program for the effective social integration and long-term retention of international students is discussed. Opportunities for future research are also outlined in the concluding section.","doi":"10.5539/IBR.V8N3P11","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ad3bf5449efba4b1c3cf44aad713f359f6a0693b","result_position":55,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":269179872,"title":"Digital Leadership Competencies:\nA Systematic Literature Review","venue":"Review of International Comparative Management","year":2023,"authors":["J. Sisu"],"abstract":"The rise of digitalization has necessitated a shift in the skillset required of leaders to navigate the ever-evolving digital landscape. This article presents a systematic literature review of classical and contemporary leadership approaches, identifying key competencies required for effective leadership in the digital era. Digital transformation has brought significant changes to the business environment, requiring leaders to adapt to a new set of challenges and opportunities. This has led to an increasing interest in the development of digital leadership skills and competencies. While communication, vision, and innovation have been identified as important skills for digital leaders, there is a need for a deeper understanding of the unique competencies required for success in the digital era. Moreover, the importance of creating a digitally savvy workforce and the role of training and development programs for leaders cannot be understated. This article aims to explore the current state of digital leadership, highlighting the key competencies needed for success in the digital age and the role of training and development programs in developing these competencies. Through a comprehensive review of the existing literature, this article aims to offer valuable insights and practical recommendations to business leaders and organizations seeking to succeed in the dynamic and complex digital landscape.","doi":"10.24818/rmci.2023.1.69","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4cd22e26e23fa395c608083799791307a9476805","result_position":56,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":276983440,"title":"Exploring Ethical, Cultural, and Transnational Competence Among International Healthcare Management Students: An Australian Perspective","venue":"Journal of Healthcare Leadership","year":2025,"authors":["Matylda Howard","K. Tan","R. Jayasekara"],"abstract":"Introduction Healthcare leaders face complex ethical challenges that can impact patient care and organizational integrity. For international healthcare management students pursuing leadership roles in Australia, these challenges are heightened by ethical, cultural, and transnational differences. This exploratory study examined the challenges faced by these students to establish foundational understanding of the competencies needed for effective ethical decision-making, cultural integration, and transnational readiness in diverse healthcare environments. Methods Using a composite theoretical framework incorporating Cultural Relativism, Ethical Climate Theory, Institutional Theory, and Transnationalism, a 35-item instrument was adapted from three validated sources. A cross-sectional survey of 35 international postgraduate health services management students collected quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data were summarized using descriptive statistics, while thematic analysis, informed by the Gioia methodology, was applied to qualitative responses. Results Key ethical challenges identified included healthcare inequity, resource allocation, and patient safety. Effective leadership practices emphasized fostering supportive work environments and promoting diversity. Participants demonstrated strong cultural competence, particularly in cultural awareness and cross-cultural communication, but highlighted the need for enhanced preparation in ethical decision-making and navigating transnational healthcare systems. Conclusion The findings underscore the importance of transnational training programs that integrate cultural orientation, healthcare-specific language support, and ethical decision-making simulations. The Ethical, Cultural, and Transnational framework developed in this study provides a practical guide for embedding these competencies into leadership curricula, equipping international students to navigate the complexities of globalized healthcare systems effectively.","doi":"10.2147/JHL.S506361","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0aaee33284ecbe606349a883ac003674f2c1d67e","result_position":57,"is_clicked":false}],"string":"[\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 229548031,\n \"title\": \"Leadership & Diversity: Synergistic Cross-culturalism\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of student-scientists' research\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"P. Bassett\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"As the harbinger of change, globalization has led to increased demand for leaders who exhibit a broad range of competencies. The required nature of cross-cultural interaction has emerged as an area of major importance for leaders within the private and public sectors. Leaders in distinct roles and sectors are likely to find themselves in situations where they must navigate a range of contrasting cultures while learning to cooperate with others from diverse backgrounds. To adequately equip leaders from divergent fields, it is quintessential to have a firm understanding of six key areas of cross-cultural synergism and leadership: approaches to conflict and conflict resolution, communication styles, decision-making, task completion, levels of disclosure, and epistemological approaches. This article describes each of these areas and explains the ways in which it is imperative for future leaders to succeed.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.47611/jsr.vi.952\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4914ecfa108fa6b0fae45df23b92d6cf1cb8ed52\",\n \"result_position\": 0,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 147336448,\n \"title\": \"A retrospective critic Re-Debate on Stakeholders’ resistance checklist in software project management within multi-cultural, multi-ethnical and cosmopolitan society context: The Malaysian experience\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Hamed Taherdoost\",\n \"A. Keshavarzsaleh\",\n \"Chen Wang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract Risks stemming from software projects were extensively studied. However, software project risk management has rarely researched organizational risks within multi-cultural and multi-ethnical atmospheres. The fact of the matter is that problems occur when the stakeholders’ cultural and ethnical aspects are not addressed, especially in multi-cultural, multi-ethnical, and cosmopolitan society such as Malaysia. To avoid analyzing something that has already been studied in detail, this study conducted based on in-depth literature review considering key word search in subject-specific databases. Journal articles published in reputed journals were reviewed. By employing Rumelt’s resistance to change checklist and culture gap tool source, this paper develops an organizational risk framework considering cross-cultural and cross-ethnical critical factors in order to show how can risks be better comprehended and managed. The significance of bio-cultural dimensions was scrutinized as vital criteria which should be considered in international project sphere, so that, not only the odds of project success would be increased but also the risks can be mitigated significantly. A review of the risk management process, Rumelt’s Checklist, cultural issues in international project environment allows a better understanding of the importance of cultural dimensions in project spheres.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/23311975.2016.1151116\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/81b4cbc16ffa1792a3ed0d05951a52b657846c5d\",\n \"result_position\": 1,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 247994807,\n \"title\": \"Intercultural Management as an Important Aspect of Modern Managers’ Work: Educational Challenges\",\n \"venue\": \"Studia Paedagogica Ignatiana\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Agnieszka Knap-Stefaniuk\",\n \"J. Sorribes\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The issue of intercultural management has become particularly pertinent because of globalization and the internationalization of economic activity undertaken by contemporary companies. Intercultural management and its challenges are extensively analysed in numerous Polish and foreign publications. The significant role played by intercultural management primarily stems from the tremendous impact it exerts on the efficient functioning of multicultural teams, the relationships between the people in these teams, and their communication and motivation. Moreover, at present it is a crucial aspect of the everyday work of managers operating in culturally diverse work environments.\\nThe article is of a theoretical nature. The first part describes the role and importance of manager values in the context of cultural diversity in their work environments, followed by the presentation of the concept and meaning of intercultural management. Next, the impact managers exert on the management of culturally diverse teams in modern organizations is analysed. The final part describes selected challenges connected to educating and training modern managers to work in intercultural work environments.\\nThe aim of the article is to demonstrate the role and importance of intercultural management as a vital aspect of modern managers’ work and to identify educational challenges related to this area.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.12775/spi.2022.1.008\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/73de12d95dd7d2ecf5472d7125208d257a48cfcb\",\n \"result_position\": 2,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 239205913,\n \"title\": \"A Literature on Cross-culture Leadership in China: Qualities and Ways to Improve\",\n \"venue\": \"International Conference on Mathematical Methods in Electromagnetic Theory\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Zhiyi Luo\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In the context of increasing global connectivity and the development of China's One-Belt and One-Road policy, cross-culture leading has become more and more common, more and more important for not only China but also other countries. Many MNCs start to put more efforts in improving their managers’ cross-culture leadership in order to be more competitive when doing international business. Under such conditions, we reviewed the literature and research on cross-cultural leadership and selected it by searching three keywords: cross-culture leadership, cross-culture and cross-culture management on Google Scholar and CNKI. Then, the selected research is divided into two major aspects: the qualities of an excellent cross-culture leader and ways of improving cross-culture leadership. We summarize the content of cross-cultural leadership and according to these contents, we also summarize the ways of improving cross-culture leadership, both two parts can be concluded in six parts, which mainly focuses on leaders’ cultural adaption ability, leaders’ communication skills, leaders’ cooperation skills, leading skills, professional skills and leaders’ personal characteristics. At the same time, we also find that the current research is all quite scattered from each other and among them lack a systematic link.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.2991/assehr.k.211011.095\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/03cca5850fee8451be5c344491483776a2c2c5da\",\n \"result_position\": 3,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 222142705,\n \"title\": \"Leader cultural intelligence and organizational performance\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Saeed Nosratabadi\",\n \"P. Bahrami\",\n \"Khodayar Palouzian\",\n \"A. Mosavi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract One of the challenges for international companies is to manage multicultural environments effectively. Cultural intelligence (CQ) is a soft skill required of the leaders of organizations working in cross-cultural contexts to be able to communicate effectively in such environments. On the other hand, organizational structure plays an active role in developing and promoting such skills in an organization. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of leader CQ on organizational performance mediated by organizational structure. To achieve the objective of this research, first, conceptual models and hypotheses of this research were formed based on the literature. Then, a quantitative empirical research design using a questionnaire, as a tool for data collection, and structural equation modeling, as a tool for data analysis, was employed among executives of knowledge-based companies in the Science and Technology Park, Bushehr, Iran. The results disclosed that leader CQ directly and indirectly (i.e., through the organizational structure) has a positive and significant effect on organizational performance. In other words, in organizations that operate in a multicultural environment, the higher the level of leader CQ, the higher the performance of that organization. Accordingly, such companies are encouraged to invest in improving the cultural intelligence of their leaders to improve their performance in cross-cultural environments, and to design appropriate organizational structures for the development of their intellectual capital.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/23311975.2020.1809310\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b6fb2bc1d3c6b91c8cd2112d96eb3ce043b51637\",\n \"result_position\": 4,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 188842632,\n \"title\": \"The influence of psychological factors for leader’s efficiency in global IT companies\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Lina Cirtautienė\",\n \"A. Endriulaitienė\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Changing business environments require a different leadership. Global information technology (IT) leaders must demonstrate in-depth competencies in technology and business as well as softer interpersonal skills. Studies provide disputed evidence regarding the psychological factors that contribute to a leader’s efficiency. This study analyses what the most important competencies for effective IT leadership in local and global IT organisations are. An integrative literature review was used to examine and summarise previous research in global IT literature. The competencies’ framework, containing three levels (core traits, personal character, and ability) and four dimensions (intercultural, interpersonal, global, and global organisational) (Kim & McLean, 2015), was chosen to examine psychological factors that contribute to IT leadership effectiveness. The results show that features related to adaptation of the cultural environment are significant for a global leader. Personality traits (extraversion, awareness, and openness to experience), characteristics (self-esteem, self-efficiency, global mindset, and motivation), and abilities (communication skills, leadership style, and experience), within the organisational context are related to higher leadership efficiency. Local and global leaders differ in the significance of social intelligence (IQ, EQ, and CQ). Sufficient educational interventions can improve an individual’s effectiveness regarding global leadership challenges. This study discovers guidelines for development and education of IT leaders which include strengthening personality traits related to performance, utilising communication gaps, leveraging cultural differences, promoting trust and motivation, fostering leadership roles and attitudes,composing teams based on teamwork and task work, and modelling and practising other critical competencies for global leadership through crosstraining.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.7220/2345-024X.22.6\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c4ed27cadefba688e4eb9c3761b3d27c3499acbd\",\n \"result_position\": 5,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 53312889,\n \"title\": \"Relevance Of Cultural Intelligence And Communication Effectiveness For Global Leadership Preparedness: Study Of Indian Managers\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2015,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Shoma Mukherji\",\n \"N. Jain\",\n \"Radha R. Sharma\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Business environment world over has undergone major transformation in the last fifty years. Global organisations, where operations are not restricted to home or host country, need business leaders with a global mindset and multicultural effectiveness. This paper examines and confirms the relevance on leadership preparedness of global managers of two important constructs – cultural intelligence and communication effectiveness in the context of anxiety and uncertainty management. Adding to extant literature, the study empirically confirms the suitability of three assessment instruments. It establishes the importance of cultural adaptability and AUM theory for assessing leadership potential of managers working in multicultural environments with culturally diverse teams. The objective of this study is to understand the relevance of cultural intelligence and communication effectiveness for leadership preparedness in a multicultural environment. The present century is seeing accelerated transformation of businesses into truly global entities. As organizations operate in a boundary-less world, multicultural teams are the order of the day. Business leaders, who are able to understand, accept, and effectively respond to cultural differences are therefore in great demand.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.18775/JIBRM.1849-8558.2015.13.3001\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fd8b6628deb64092a6f6520a888fae2a144fdf1a\",\n \"result_position\": 6,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 167616910,\n \"title\": \"Intercultural Project Management for IT: Issues and Challenges\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2015,\n \"authors\": [\n \"G. Isern\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract The development of Information Technology projects using Project Management Methodologies like PMP-PMI, Agile or SCRUM for software development, CPM, CCPM, RAD, XP, FDD, ITIL, JAD, LD, PRINCE2, etc.; may be a complete success or a total catastrophe, for series of reasons, events and circumstances that frequently are not related at all with the deliverables, the products being built, the IT technology involved, the level of expertise, the responsibility and professionalism of the stakeholders including the project manager, but due to intercultural factors. The PMP-PMI Model (PMBOK) describes 10 areas: Cost Management, Time Management, Scope Management, Risk Management, Quality Management, Procurement Management, Integration Management, Stakeholder Management, Human Resources Management and Communication Management. An IT project is considered successful if the customer is happy, but technically and formally if the TEAM was able to meet the triple constraint set up by time/cost/scope. This happy ending is not possible if the project manager and the team as a whole are not able to confront, attack and solve the issues associated with Human Resources Management, Stakeholder Management and specially Communication Management. These three areas are highly influenced by Intercultural factors like language, race, age, gender, religion, sexual preferences, beliefs, habits, etc., becoming their analysis an essential task if we want to accomplish and guarantee a favorable outcome. This position paper concludes in contradiction with what is a very common believe between many technical project managers that the most important factors to take in consideration for the success of an IT project management is the careful and planned attention to the potential issues and challenges associated with the cross-cultural communication and the human resources implicated in the projects. This paper will describe the cultural dimensions, issues and challenges associated with Intercultural Project Management for IT.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1515/joim-2015-0021\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4de5d75bb497bb7ba1e2b42d1a6e26ac1e8502cb\",\n \"result_position\": 7,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 266945284,\n \"title\": \"Leadership Development Strategies of Human Resources in Digital Era\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Human Resource Development\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Guomin He\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \": With the rapid development of digital era, organizational management faces unprecedented challenges and opportunities. This paper aims to delve into the impact of digital era on leadership, with a particular focus on the key role of human resources and leadership development strategies. The rise of digital technology has reshaped organizational structures and processes, requiring leaders to possess higher levels of adaptability and innovation. The prevalence of cross-cultural teams and remote work necessitates leaders to be more flexible in addressing the challenges posed by diverse teams. This paper proposes training and development strategies, including leadership training and development, the incorporation of digital technology to support leadership decision-making, and cross-team collaboration and leadership communication skills, providing organizations with a pathway for developing leadership capabilities in digital era. This paper aims to thoroughly examine the impact of digital era on leadership, with a particular emphasis on the key role of human resources and leadership development strategies in this transformative period.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.23977/jhrd.2023.050620\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/80cf4081d0ed2fa414623fb4148589c7ba88e91b\",\n \"result_position\": 8,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 169819809,\n \"title\": \"Understanding the challenges of multicultural team management\",\n \"venue\": \"Pressacademia\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Nusret Soğancilar\",\n \"Husniye Ors\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Purpose- This study aims to explore the challenges confronted by executive managers while managing multicultural teams, and the solutions they deliver to cope with these matters. What is aimed to accomplish is to comprehend these challenges from the standpoint of managers. While trying to understand the problems and exhortations related to multicultural team management, culture and core cultural dimensions were utilized in the study. Methodology- Criterion sampling method, which is a kind of purposive sampling method, was employed in the study. The data for the study was collected through 14 in-depth interviews directed to executive managers of MNCs operating in Turkey. The questions that generate our data consist of open-ended questions. The statements of managers were analyzed by content analysis and sorted into corresponding categories. These categories and solutions based upon manager’s experiences were presented accordingly. Findings- Implications indicate that most frequently confronted challenges are ineffective communication and misunderstandings, different working styles and expectations of group members, and intolerance and lack of knowledge related to diversity. On the other hand, in order to cope with these challenges, managers state that it is significant to embrace diversity and encourage group members to acknowledge it as well as become approachable and eager to learn more. Last but not least communicating in the simplest form has been accentuated. Conclusion- To sum up briefly, successful managers are expected to possess the competency to adapt different management styles and they are also expected to be flexible enough to switch from one to another.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.17261/PRESSACADEMIA.2018.954\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6ecf0cf0adbef7329a84a6927c1c6a66b283a9c3\",\n \"result_position\": 9,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 276879426,\n \"title\": \"Green project management competencies and sustainable development goals (SDGs): Empirical evidence\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Project Management\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Khaled Salmen Aljaaidi\",\n \"I. Abdulmajeed\",\n \"S. M. Bafaqeer\",\n \"Safoora Habee\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This study assesses the green project management competencies of students in the College of Business at Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University. This study uses a structured questionnaire to evaluate ten competencies: teamwork, leadership, communication, conflict management, achievement motivation, cognitive skills, adaptability, self-control, negotiation, and social awareness. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cronbach Alpha results revealed that effective communication was the strongest competency, explaining 71.6% of the variance, followed by leadership (65.3%) and teamwork (60.6%). Self-control demonstrated the highest reliability (α = 0.966), emphasizing students’ ability to manage stress effectively. Conflict management explained 48.9% of the variance, while adaptability accounted for 57.4%, reflecting students’ resilience and flexibility. Cognitive skills explained 51.7%, highlighting critical thinking and problem-solving abilities. Negotiation explained 63.8%, emphasizing stakeholder collaboration, and social awareness accounted for 50.1%, reflecting cultural sensitivity and empathy. Achievement motivation explained 54.8%, underscoring students’ proactive and goal-oriented behaviors. These findings provide valuable insights into strengths and gaps in student competencies, offering a basis for targeted improvements. Green project management competencies are vital for advancing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Green project management competencies are integral to advancing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Cognitive skills, teamwork, and communication enhance critical thinking and innovation, supporting SDG 4 (Quality Education). Leadership and adaptability drive sustainable initiatives, aligning with SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) and SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure). Additionally, teamwork and social awareness foster inclusive urban development (SDG 11), while self-control and resilience enable effective climate action (SDG 13). By aligning academic training with industry demands, this study supports the global sustainability agenda and Saudi Vision 2030. The study provides policymakers in Saudi Arabia with valuable insights into aligning educational strategies with industry demands, highlighting key gaps in green project management competencies. By addressing these gaps, policymakers can enhance curriculum design to develop sustainability-focused skills, advancing Saudi Vision 2030 goals for workforce readiness, economic growth, and global sustainability leadership.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5267/j.jpm.2025.1.004\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0d3652650a756ddeea2f2506bbd061940f117e51\",\n \"result_position\": 10,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 267615560,\n \"title\": \"Leaders, conflict, and team coordination: a relational leadership approach in temporary organisations\",\n \"venue\": \"Production Planning & Control\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Amin Akhavan Tabassi\",\n \"D. Bryde\",\n \"Roula Michaelides\",\n \"David Bamford\",\n \"M. Argyropoulou\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract This study explores how the level of relational leadership of team leaders influences team members’ conflict-handling style and team coordination in temporary organisations (TOs). Leaning upon Socio-Psychological and relational leadership theories, the research also evaluates how the cultural background of leaders moderates the nature of the association between relational leadership and project team performance. This contribution is unique by engaging with three moderating cultural groups while drawing on data from 126 teams in TOs using PLS path modelling. The results explain that relational leadership influences team members’ cooperative and conflict-avoiding styles, which are, in turn, positively associated with team coordination and team performance. The judicious and considered use of conflict-avoiding should be recognised as a thoughtful style in multicultural team contexts and as a consequence of relational leadership. Team coordination and performance, however, are related more to relational leadership with the sample of leaders from a specific within-nationality cultural background.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/09537287.2024.2313518\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2cef2d3b6024d969e7bbf4722b587dbec46d9241\",\n \"result_position\": 11,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 271249535,\n \"title\": \"Impact of Nurse Manager’s Attributes on Multi-Cultural Nursing Teams: A Scoping Review\",\n \"venue\": \"Nursing Reports\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Gisela Teixeira\",\n \"P. Lucas\",\n \"F. Gaspar\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Background: As global migration increases, nurse managers’ effectiveness in multi-cultural nursing work environments is crucial due to the rising cultural diversity within healthcare teams. Despite the increasing international recruitment of qualified nurses to address the worldwide nursing shortage, no studies have synthesised the impact of nurse managers’ attributes on nurses in multi-cultural nursing teams. Therefore, it was conducted a literature review aimed to synthesise the available literature on how nurse managers’ personality traits, competencies, behaviours, and leadership styles influence nurse outcomes in multi-cultural nursing teams. Methods: Scoping review conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines to map the relationship or influence of nurse managers’ personality traits, competencies, behaviours, and leadership styles on the outcomes of nurses in multi-cultural settings across various clinical environments. Searches were conducted across electronic databases such as CINAHL and MEDLINE, along with grey literature. Results: This review included 39 studies, highlighting 29 personality traits, 9 competencies, 115 behaviours, and 5 leadership styles that impact nurses’ outcomes. Key findings emphasise the importance of nurse managers being supportive, culturally competent, and effective communicators, with transformational leadership style being particularly beneficial. Conclusions: These findings provide insights for planning and developing training programmes to equip current and future nurse managers with skills to effectively lead in multi-cultural care settings.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/nursrep14030125\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e90405c99538493a7a90cccb0ed3d7752d64a849\",\n \"result_position\": 12,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 110958293,\n \"title\": \"What practitioners consider to be the skills and behaviours of an effective people project manager\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2011,\n \"authors\": [\n \"E. Fisher\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.ijproman.2010.09.002\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1c49f1ba7b124237b9b89acd85b5d40e5aaf1231\",\n \"result_position\": 13,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 234887347,\n \"title\": \"Cultural Intelligence (CQ) and Cultural Exposure Through Mobility Programs\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Pásztor\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"As a result of globalisation, a significant proportion of companies operate across borders and in many cases, work communities are also organised from workers with diverse cultural backgrounds. Due to the intensive flow of services, goods and labour, and cultural differences, conflicts can arise, and these tensions can negatively affect people and organisations' well-being and performance. Nowadays, cultural knowledge and intercultural competencies are more appreciated and highly requested by most employers. The younger generations (Generation Z and Millennials) were born into cultural diversity and have broad mobility possibilities to deepen their intercultural competencies, but the older generations in Hungary had more limited mobility opportunities. Cultural intelligence (CQ), which is the ability to adapt to different intercultural interactions effectively, can be developed effortlessly by spending extended periods abroad. High CQ results in better interpersonal relationships and work performance in culturally diverse environments. Cultural intelligence is a widely researched field within the managerial studies, but most studies focus on international students, young business students and sojourners. Thus, our primary goal was to explore not just the adolescents and young professionals, but the middle-aged and seniors as well. This quantitative study aimed to explore Hungarian generations' cultural intelligence and find possible connections between cultural intelligence and overseas exposure/mobility program participation. To answer our research questions, we analysed the total and dimensional CQ scores of 329 Hungarian respondents and compared the results based on participation in different mobility programs, length and frequency of cultural exposure.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.52398/GJSD.2021.V1.I1.PP50-66\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b3ec6567702fef7bf4208ee2c8d5e7fd54663244\",\n \"result_position\": 14,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 265364120,\n \"title\": \"LEADERSHIP AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE: HOW CAN WE LEVERAGE CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN MATRIX ORGANIZATIONS\",\n \"venue\": \"Business, Economics, Sustainability, Leadership and Innovation\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Arsenii Litus\",\n \"Lesya Leshchii\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The purpose of the article is to show the influence of cultural values on the style of management in general and leadership in particular in organizations. For this, the very concept of cultura l differences, its interpretation in the scientific literature and the interpretation of its influence on management and leadership are investigated, as well as the importance of understanding environmental culture and differences in this area is emphasized. Considerable attention in the article is devoted to the study of the Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory and its research on the example of Ukraine and Poland, their comparison and considerations regarding further changes in the results. The given study is about the effectiveness of the democratic style of management and leadership. A need for greater collaboration and coordination between leaders across different geographic regions and business units is investigated. Based on these findings, in article developed a “2+1” Model for matrix organizations that outlines a comprehensive approach to adapting leadership models to fit cultural differences and enhance leadership effectiveness.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.37659/2663-5070-2023-10-57-63\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f1adf6cd76da4d2b353ec94f66d3ab20f5c2a420\",\n \"result_position\": 15,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 267754501,\n \"title\": \"Cross-cultural leadership styles in multinational corporations: A comparative literature review\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Science and Research Archive\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"B. Ogunwale\",\n \"Mavis Appoh\",\n \"Naomi Oboyi\",\n \"Adedamola Sobowale\",\n \"Sibongile Gobile\",\n \"O. Alabi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This review explores the dynamic landscape of cross-cultural leadership styles within multinational corporations (MNCs). As organizations expand globally, understanding the intricate interplay of cultural nuances on leadership becomes imperative for sustainable success. This study delves into existing research to compare and contrast various cross-cultural leadership styles prevalent in MNCs, aiming to provide insights into the complexities and challenges faced by leaders operating in diverse cultural contexts. The review identifies key cultural dimensions, such as individualism-collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity-femininity, and long-term orientation, which significantly influence leadership behaviors across different societies. Scholars argue that effective cross-cultural leadership requires a nuanced approach that acknowledges and integrates these cultural dimensions. The analysis highlights how leaders must navigate cultural diversity, adapt their communication styles, and cultivate a global mindset to foster collaboration and cohesion within multinational teams. Additionally, the review sheds light on the role of cultural intelligence (CQ) and its impact on leadership effectiveness in MNCs. Leaders with high CQ demonstrate the ability to comprehend, adapt, and capitalize on cultural differences, fostering positive outcomes in diverse organizational settings. The synthesis of literature also addresses the challenges faced by leaders, including ethnocentrism, stereotype biases, and the need for continuous learning and development in the face of evolving global business landscapes. By comparing findings from various studies, this review contributes to a comprehensive understanding of cross-cultural leadership in MNCs. It emphasizes the need for leadership development programs that cultivate cultural awareness and sensitivity, ultimately fostering adaptive and effective leaders capable of navigating the intricate web of global business environments. As organizations strive for international success, the insights gleaned from this review provide a foundation for refining leadership strategies that align with the diverse cultural fabric of multinational workforces.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.30574/ijsra.2024.11.1.0273\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/93b21e0c77c574b65dbf2446dbdd0a9bc1f52f4e\",\n \"result_position\": 16,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 155340605,\n \"title\": \"Multicultural Team Management in the Context of a Development Work\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Molla Mekonnen Alemu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Diverse teams have become common practice in today’s world. The current trend of globalization is making managers to work in a diverse multicultural team set up whereby the diversified team members will come up with a new set of skills, ideas, approaches, etc. to the team. It has however, its own challenges in harmonizing the contribution of the culturally diverse team members. Cross-cultural differences in a development work context also entail a range of issues varying from individuals cultural background, characteristics on work places, to their own values and ways of doing things which will have a its own influence on their working style, interactions and relationships at work places. Communication styles, language, a person's cultural background, and perceptions on conflict, styles and methods of doing the work as well as the style of decision making will have an impact how individuals will act and behave in work places. Therefore, the question will be how a manager can successfully lead and work in a culturally diverse team. This study was conducted in Sierra Leone which was aimed at identifying the major bottlenecks of multicultural team management and come up with workable tips for working within a multicultural setting development work.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5539/JSD.V9N1P8\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f2196a9ab6154417d91bc1a307bca17312e20f4f\",\n \"result_position\": 17,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 151223145,\n \"title\": \"After cultural literacy: new models of intercultural competency for life and work in a VUCA world\",\n \"venue\": \"Educause Review\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Elena Shliakhovchuk\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"ABSTRACT Globalisation has brought about change not only in the economic, social and technological order, but also in people’s mentality and the ways they interact with the world around them. There has been a consensus that in our increasingly interconnected world, one of the essential tasks of educators and institutions at all levels is to develop, promote and enhance cultural literacy. In the wake of counter-globalisation forces and the rise of the national populist movement, the relevance of being culturally literate might be questioned. This paper reviews the literature on cultural literacy and clarifies some of the conceptual ideas surrounding the construct. It updates the elements of cultural literacy relevant to the 2020s and critically assesses the development of the concept of cultural literacy in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. An analysis and summary are made of common trends for a new set of skills and competencies necessary for success in the twenty-first century, studied by policy-making institutions like UNESCO, by education institutions like the British Council, by multinational corporations like IBM and Google, and by influencer organisations like LinkedIn and the World Economic Forum. The conclusion drawn is that there is a pressing need for an updated model of cultural literacy that can serve as a powerful instrument for living in a VUCA (volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity) world.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/00131911.2019.1566211\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3f3847180e26e60d9ff8295163c3e000063f3c5d\",\n \"result_position\": 18,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 154429641,\n \"title\": \"Leading global teams\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2012,\n \"authors\": [\n \"L. Zander\",\n \"Audra I. Mockaitis\",\n \"C. Butler\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/J.JWB.2012.01.012\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/485361604a41217efacc34816fcd61db7255eccd\",\n \"result_position\": 19,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 271701125,\n \"title\": \"Intercultural leadership: Contemporary business management\",\n \"venue\": \"Ekonomija: teorija i praksa\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Lea Dostanić\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Contemporary intercultural leadership has emerged as a critical area of study in the context of globalization and multiculturalism within organizations. The literature review synthesizes existing research on intercultural leadership, focusing on main aspects such as cultural competence, adaptability, effective communication, and cross-cultural collaboration. Results indicate that successful intercultural leaders demonstrate a combination of these skills to help them navigate cultural diversity and inclusivity within diverse terms. The paper aims to shed light on how a contemporary company, alongside its key characteristics, integrates diverse cultures and intercultural leadership, in relation to that research provides theoretical insight into the characteristics of contemporary leaders, with the aim of showing the essential qualities and skills required for a person to be recognized as an effective intercultural leader. Drawing on prior research, we aimed to demonstrate that within the realm of international business, leaders who actively embrace diversity are instrumental in fostering an environment conducive to the exchange of diverse perspectives and ideas. This, in turn, serves to cultivate innovation and creativity within their respective teams. Moreover, studies highlight the importance of continuous learning and development in enhancing intercultural leadership capabilities. The need for further research is clear, and the main focus is on the development of effective strategies for leading diverse teams in words that are becoming more globalized each day.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5937/etp2402134d\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ed4804e16db36ad9730506884dd2291ed6197595\",\n \"result_position\": 20,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 270080246,\n \"title\": \"WHAT ARE THE CHALLENGES OF INTERCULTURAL LEADERS IN CONTEMPORARY BUSINESS?\",\n \"venue\": \"SCIENCE International Journal\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Lea Dostanić\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The growth of globalisation and international trade has led to increased contact between different cultures, revealing the limitations and problems that can arise in their interaction. Negotiations are often complicated by the cultural distance created by different behaviour patterns in business practice. Accepting and taking into account the presence of multiculturalism can sometimes mean changes in global strategies or can call into question management models that have been considered valid until now as standard management models. Recognising and managing cultural distance allows companies and organisations to secure critical competitive advantages by reducing communication time and avoiding misunderstandings. Successful organisations are made up of people with excellent leadership skills. The twenty-first century requires a particular type of leader who can deal with globalisation and the new era’s challenges. An experienced leader should be able to successfully manage changes, make good decisions in complex situations, respect cultural customs and differences, and inspire his environment so that people understand the more profound meaning and purpose of the work they do in accordance with the demands of a changing and unpredictable market environment. A company is competitive to the extent that it is able to understand, use and transmit information to others, which reflects the competence of leaders. There are increasingly multinational companies that include many people worldwide in their business and connect them to each other regardless of long distances. They control capital, technology and resources around the world. Leaders plan and supervise essential organisational functions, such as production, development, sales and procurement, accounting and finance, and human resources management. For daily business, they usually form a team of associates who lead specific segments of the organisation, such as the manager for finance, human resources, and marketing. With their help, they manage the business, delegate tasks and control the fulfilment of set goals. To coordinate and supervise the execution of tasks, managers work out rules related to the distribution of responsibilities and competencies, control mechanisms and information exchange. The paper aims to show how a modern organisation, in addition to all its characteristics, combines cultural differences and intercultural leadership, as well as what qualities and competencies are desirable for someone to be considered a successful intercultural leader.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.35120/sciencej0302101d\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ee3dda526d1c4b6150bfccca3fe384efb039b54e\",\n \"result_position\": 21,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 56262307,\n \"title\": \"Cross-cultural Leadership Effectiveness: Perspectives from Non-Western Leaders\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2015,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Hsiu-ching Ko\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Qualitative, in-depth interviews were used to explore determinants of cross-cultural leadership effectiveness from theperspectives of non-Western leaders. Data were collected from semi-structured interviews and self-reportedperformance from 12 expatriate Taiwanese managers. Analyses suggest three categorical determinants ofcross-cultural leadership effectiveness: personality characteristics, leadership strategies, and core competencies.Findings provide insightful information, facts, and facets related to the practice of cross-cultural leadership from theperspectives of non-Western expatriate managers. Results provide empirical evidence that contributes to the theoryof cross-cultural leadership, expatriate management, and global leadership development, and evidence for expatriatemanagers, trainers, and corporations.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5430/MOS.V2N4P1\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0b655d2b842a4bef92be26f232349a2f1fea2f8c\",\n \"result_position\": 22,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 153393371,\n \"title\": \"Global Leadership and Diversity\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2015,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Hassanzadeh\",\n \"Abu Daud Silong\",\n \"A. Asmuni\",\n \"Nor Wahiza Abdul Wahat\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The emergence of globalization and diversity brings out new demands for leaders. They should become global leaders who develop new skills and abilities to lead in multicultural environments. This paper discusses how to develop global leadership with a different set of competencies in diverse situations. After reviewing the related literature, the researchers conclude that the diverse environments such as multiculturalism have a significant influence on the development of global leadership. This paper is based on a research conducted using a qualitative method involving in-depth interviews of selected participants. The data collected is transcribed verbatim and categorized into themes. The research will attempt to answer the questions: 1) What is global leadership? 2) What are the competencies needed by global leaders to lead in diversity? 3) How are these competencies developed for global leaders? Based on the findings recommendations are put forward to improve the effectiveness of global leadership. DOI: 10.5901/jesr.2015.v5n3p161\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5901/JESR.2015.V5N3P161\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e36797dfff65454635effc08b7716b94380e8bc5\",\n \"result_position\": 23,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 14300560,\n \"title\": \"Integrating sustainability into innovation project portfolio management - A strategic perspective\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2014,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jacques W. Brook\",\n \"F. Pagnanelli\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/J.JENGTECMAN.2013.11.004\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/acf946b7cd700793f2a9888af65f3f7d4e880358\",\n \"result_position\": 24,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 52024519,\n \"title\": \"Changing Dynamics of Team Leadership in Global Project Environments\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2013,\n \"authors\": [\n \"H. Thamhain\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The dynamics and challenges of managing geographically dispersed project teams is examined in a field investigation of 72 multinational product developments, observed and studied between 2008 and 2012. The findings provide insight into the business processes and leadership style most conducive to cross-functional collaboration and effective project integration throughout the enterprise and its partners. The results show that many of the problems that surface on the technical side can be traced to social, psychological and organizational issues. In fact, people issues have the strongest impact on project performance. People are an intricate part of the work process. Issues affecting people, eventually impact the broader enterprise. On the positive side, the study shows that certain conditions, such as personal interest, pride and satisfaction with the work, professional work challenge, accomplishments and recognition, serve as catalysts toward unifying culturally diverse project teams and their work processes. These conditions act as bridging mechanisms between organizational goals and personal interests, between central control and local management norms, and between following a project plan and adaptive problem solving. However, working seamless across borders and cultures requires more than just issuing work orders, project summary plans or management guidelines. Emphasis must be on common values and goals to focus and unify the team. By recognizing the greater autonomy of all international partners as well as their cultural differences, management can build a true partnership among all the contributing organizations with strong linkages for communication, decision making and technology transfer that is sustainable over the project lifecycle. The paper suggests a framework for managerial actions and leadership for building high-performance multinational project teams.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.4236/AJIBM.2013.32020\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/13602f69b249f94abbedef0e7ea12177f96199b1\",\n \"result_position\": 25,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 114145392,\n \"title\": \"A conceptual model to improve performance in virtual teams\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Shopee M. Dube\",\n \"C. Marnewick\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Background: The vast improvement in communication technologies and sophisticated project management tools, methods and techniques has allowed geographically and culturally diverse groups to operate and function in a virtual environment. To succeed in this virtual environment where time and space are becoming increasingly irrelevant, organisations must define new ways of implementing initiatives. This virtual environment phenomenon has brought about the formation of virtual project teams that allow organisations to harness the skills and knowhow of the best resources, irrespective of their location. Objectives: The aim of this article was to investigate performance criteria and develop a conceptual model which can be applied to enhance the success of virtual project teams. There are no clear guidelines of the performance criteria in managing virtual project teams. Method: A qualitative research methodology was used in this article. The purpose of content analysis was to explore the literature to understand the concept of performance in virtual project teams and to summarise the findings of the literature reviewed. Results: The research identified a set of performance criteria for the virtual project teams as follows: leadership, trust, communication, team cooperation, reliability, motivation, comfort and social interaction. These were used to conceptualise the model. Conclusion: The conceptual model can be used in a holistic way to determine the overall performance of the virtual project team, but each factor can be analysed individually to determine the impact on the overall performance. The knowledge of performance criteria for virtual project teams could aid project managers in enhancing the success of these teams and taking a different approach to better manage and coordinate them.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.4102/SAJIM.V18I1.674\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/48a57e20b62e36ad3948950411e61e618bf877a8\",\n \"result_position\": 26,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 237690019,\n \"title\": \"Innovation Competencies and Sustainability: A Proposed Model for Project Team Members\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Regional Development\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Hassan\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Acquiring the right innovation competencies can lead to a successful implementation of sustainability projects. Hence, the purpose of this study is to identify the innovation competencies required by project team members to adopt and implement innovation effectively in sustainability projects. To achieve this target, a comprehensive literature review has been performed to build a model that integrates innovation competencies of project team members with the successful achievement of substantiality projects. In specific, these innovation competencies are leadership, communication, teamwork, creativity, and commitment of project team members. The paper also reveals that a successful implementation of innovation in sustainability projects leads to economic growth, environmental protection, and social equity as main outcomes. Accordingly, this research proposes a model that presents the associations between project team members’ innovation competencies and the implementation of sustainability projects (considering the three pillars of sustainability that are economic growth, environmental protection, and social equity). As a result, the project team members, who acquire the required innovation competencies, have the capability to implement sustainability projects, successfully.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5296/IJRD.V8I2.18841\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1f84d16389ccbe87ea2c3dab8b5678083ff7d0db\",\n \"result_position\": 27,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 52918480,\n \"title\": \"Global Software Development: Practices for Cultural Differences\",\n \"venue\": \"International Conference on Product Focused Software Process Improvement\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Marinho\",\n \"A. Luna\",\n \"Sarah Beecham\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Drivers for globalization are significant where today's organizations look for cheaper and faster ways to develop software as well as ways to satisfy quality and investment requirements imposed by customers, shareholders, and governments. Given these needs, Global Software Development (GSD) has become a \\\"normal\\\" way of doing business. Working in GSD often require teams of different cultures to work together. A poor understanding of cultural differences can create barriers to trust or missed opportunities. The literature on culture in GSD is either outdated or disparate, requiring practitioners to read many papers to get an overview of how to manage multi-cultural teams. In this study, we aim to highlight how to increase cultural awareness within teams, avoid potential conflict and harness differences for improved team spirit. To answer our research question, \\\"How should cultural differences be managed, identified and communicated to a GSD team?\\\", we conducted a systematic literature review of the GSD literature. A synthesis of solutions found in nineteen studies provided 12 distinct practices that organizations can implement, to include, \\\"provide a cultural knowledge base\\\", \\\"understand and make team members aware of cultural differences\\\" and \\\"plan responses to mitigate occurrences of cultural misunderstandings\\\". These implementable cultural practices go some way to providing solutions to managing multi-cultural development teams, and thus to support one of the problem dimensions in GSD and embrace cultural differences.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/978-3-030-03673-7_22\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1fc7c03956ddf0850e870d97ac6d56fc597f3b51\",\n \"result_position\": 28,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 230552904,\n \"title\": \"Role of diversity management and charismatic leadership on innovation and performance in the globalized era\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Innovation\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Zafer Adıguzel\",\n \"Fatma Sonmez Cakir\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Objective of the Study: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships between the variables of diversity management, charismatic leadership, innovation speed, innovation performance, and company performance.Methodology/Approach: A survey study was conducted with 427 employees (both technicians and engineers) working at companies that operated in the manufacturing industry in the scope of the research purpose. SPSS 25 and SPSS AMOS programs were used incrementally, and the acquired data were evaluated and analyzed.Originality/Relevance: In this research, white-collar workers constituted our sampling group because they play a key role in product innovation. While gathering the analysis data, the first 500 companies registered in Istanbul Chamber of Industry were determined, and manufacturing companies operating in Istanbul constituted the main part of the study.Main Results: As a result of the analysis, it is understood that diversity management and charismatic leadership have a positive influence on innovation and performance.Theoretical/Methodological Contribution: In terms of innovation and company performance, the study revealed the mediation effect of charismatic leadership linked to diversity management.Social/management contributions: In order for organizations to carry out creative and innovative activities, it is very important to effectively manage different ideas and thoughts within organizations. In fact, charismatic leadership positively affects employees, helping them to perform better. Therefore, employees must be actively involved in order to successfully carry out innovation.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5585/iji.v8i3.17595\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a0c26acb53fce2d4bb799eb23cd79609718b52c1\",\n \"result_position\": 29,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 234338741,\n \"title\": \"Proposed Competencies Required for Construction Project Managers in Afghanistan\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Advanced Academic Studies\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Mohammad Najim Wahedy\",\n \"Amanullah Faqiri\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The nature of projects is always dynamic, complex, and different from each other. Project lifecycle is along with risk, changes, uncertainty, and even sometimes not succeed. Therefore, to bridge these gaps in Afghanistan context and to achieve the project goal within budget, time, scope, and quality. All projects-oriented organizations such as construction firms, consultancy firms, and information and communication technology (ICT) firms, need project managers with leadership and management competencies or skill sets to complete projects successfully. Leadership and management competencies are combinations of knowledge, skill sets, leadership styles, including technical, emotional, behavioral abilities which elaborated in this paper. These traits are compiled and analyzed through a comprehensive study of related research papers, standards, and relevant institutions for project management, that reflect the intent of this paper.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.33545/27068919.2021.V3.I1C.485\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7e4200e33ff231386aa7e5d1ce908ef67a33932e\",\n \"result_position\": 30,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 186933741,\n \"title\": \"Examining Leadership Characteristics at International Multilaterals\",\n \"venue\": \"Montenegrin Journal of Economics\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. G. Raišienė\",\n \"Aleksandra Pulokiene\",\n \"Andrius Valickas\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Received June 19, 2018 Revised from June 30, 2018 Accepted August 20, 2018 Available online September 15, 2018 The paper discusses leadership characteristics in international projects that require cooperation. The influence of the leader's traits and qualities on the implementation of the multilateral project was studied under the framework of the Latvia-Lithuania-Belarus TransBorder Cooperation Program. A multistage survey in different target groups was used for the research. The research revealed that there is no discrepancy between the effective leadership at multilaterals and effective leadership concepts in general. Nevertheless, some specific leader’s characteristics and qualities can be underlined. Multilateral projects require leader to be competitive, self-confident, visionary and supportive at first. Herewith, the leader must have good knowledge on the project technical requirements, an ability to consult project team on performance, a capability to coordinate and to control project processes, a capacity to effectively manage project documentation, a competence of mentoring and employee engagement, an ability to meet project team needs, and perfect skills of project internal and external communication. The research also revealed that cultural differences of team members can determine the attitude towards leadership. JEL classification:\",\n \"doi\": \"10.14254/1800-5845/2018.14-3.14\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/61ad25cab6986a2002083624bd6f758525a3185f\",\n \"result_position\": 31,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 201324976,\n \"title\": \"Intercultural Communication Competence in Multinational Competitiveness: Literature Review and Synthesis\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Business & Economic Policy\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"E. Okoro\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The increasing scope of business organizations in the first decade of the twenty-first century is drawing much scholarly attention, and the trend has been described as a fact of life that defies the stretch of human imagination. The concept of global economy has expanded consumer awareness, defined new standards and rules of operations, and increased the need for national and corporate interdependence. Multinational organizations are exploring opportunities around the world, demonstrating sensitivity towards cultural differences in order to gain from the proliferation and growth of international enterprise. Recent studies indicate that while some corporations compete successfully in the global marketplace, others have failed to sustain their competitive advantage because of cultural imperialism or inadequate acculturation of their managers on international assignment. Corporate analysts argued that the key to global business success depends on effective cross-cultural etiquette and global workforce diversity management. Other significant studies emphasized that global managers should be trained in interpersonal relationship and group communication competence, and should be equipped with cross-cultural negotiation skills that can maintain global competitiveness. Increasingly, corporations recognize the value of preparing global managers, because business objectives of are not been achieved primarily because of deficiencies in cross-cultural etiquette. Against this background, this study provides a constructive evaluation and analysis of global etiquette and cross-cultural communication for managers in international assignments. The study then proposes a strategic role for organizations to achieve adequate return on investments and to succeed in international competitiveness through cultural awareness, sensitivity, and reciprocity.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.30845/JBEP.V6N2A1\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/52264c80299c7d45b9c239d8c4d5ea0c5d63a110\",\n \"result_position\": 32,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 234867319,\n \"title\": \"Effective Cross-Cultural Communication for International Business\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"P. Sahadevan\",\n \"M. Sumangala\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In today’s business and pandemic scenario, working in an international team is common with remote workers, overseas offices, and inescapable cultural gaps. The diversity of co-workers may become a cultural barrier that some people don’t know how to overcome. Most of the professionals do not even realize the problems of cultural differences in their work. Cultural awareness helps managers to effectively transact with their employees and other stakeholders. Understanding the diverse workforce and guiding them for effective cross-cultural communication is essential for multicultural firms, or else they may face several issues in the areas of employee relationships, staffing, attrition rates, trade policies, mergers, advertising, business stakeholder relationships, team building, and negotiations. Language, stereotypes, non-verbal signs, emotional display, ethnocentrism, anxiety, uncertainty, perception, and prejudice are the invisible barriers to enculturation. This paper discusses how to effectively communicate in a culturally diverse organization by sharing and exchanging ideas based on mutual understanding, respect, and credibility. Best practices for effective cross-cultural communication are summarized in this chapter for the use of students, academicians, and managers in intercultural contexts. This will help them to gain some insights about multicultural environments and how to get along with people by maintaining etiquette, mutual respect, reciprocal cognition, and avoiding stereotypes. The study also discusses the importance of inclusive communication, constructive transactions, cross-cultural training, and design thinking in modern organizations. The paper may be very effective to teach subjects like Organisation behavior and International business communication.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.34293/MANAGEMENT.V8I4.3813\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0054ce6de310aa8ba5a6929b4a17ffcd0cb40aff\",\n \"result_position\": 33,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 269610825,\n \"title\": \"Cross-cultural competence in global HRD: Strategies for developing an inclusive and diverse workforce\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Science and Research Archive\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Patricia Diane Mouboua\",\n \"Fadeke Adeola Atobatele\",\n \"Olateju Temitope Akintayo\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In today's interconnected world, where businesses operate globally, Cross-Cultural Competence (CCC) in Human Resource Development (HRD) has become indispensable. This review explores the significance of CCC in fostering an inclusive and diverse workforce, focusing on strategies for its development. Cross-cultural competence refers to the ability of individuals and organizations to navigate and interact across different cultural contexts effectively. In the realm of HRD, cultivating CCC is essential for creating inclusive workplaces that embrace diversity, promote understanding, and harness the potential of all employees. One of the critical strategies for developing CCC in HRD is cultural awareness training. It involves educating employees about cultural norms, values, and communication styles, fostering empathy, and understanding. Organizations can minimize misunderstandings and conflicts by equipping employees with cultural knowledge, leading to enhanced collaboration and productivity. Another crucial aspect is the promotion of cultural sensitivity and open-mindedness within the organizational culture. HRD initiatives should emphasize the value of diversity and inclusion, encouraging employees to appreciate and respect differences. This can be achieved through policies celebrating diversity, such as diversity training programs, affinity groups, and inclusive leadership development. Effective communication is fundamental to CCC in HRD. Organizations must facilitate transparent and open communication channels accommodating diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds. Encouraging multilingualism, providing translation services, and utilizing cross-cultural communication training can bridge language barriers and facilitate meaningful staff interactions.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.30574/ijsra.2024.12.1.0765\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dd2f6375c929094cfb6b5ee208e3cd9c93028eba\",\n \"result_position\": 34,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 221116475,\n \"title\": \"Analysis of factors affecting project communications with a hybrid DEMATEL-ISM approach (A case study in Iran)\",\n \"venue\": \"Heliyon\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Hedieh Shakeri\",\n \"M. Khalilzadeh\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"One of the main factors in the success of projects is communications management and proper and timely distribution of information among all internal and external project stakeholders. Despite of emphasizing on the importance of project communications in the literature, there are few studies identifying factors influencing project communications. This research aims to address this shortcoming by identifying and determining sequences and relationships factors affecting project communications and their clustering. The informed communication strategy allows managers to structure the information flow in a better and more controlled manner and to avoid the costs caused by lack of effective and timely communication. The present study is conducted to help clarify the views of the organization's managers and project managers on project communications, and to identify factors affecting it and how they effectively communicate to successfully accomplish the projects. First a number of factors influencing project communications are identified on the basis of previous studies and interviews with experts and project managers working in oil, gas and power plant construction megaprojects in Iran. Then, these factors are analyzed by using the combination of fuzzy DEMATEL and Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) techniques. The relationships and sequence between the indicators are determined so that it can be effective in project communications planning and project success through providing an insight for senior managers and project managers.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04430\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6718641afbe4789908e377f61143ae15ea6181bb\",\n \"result_position\": 35,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 238755088,\n \"title\": \"In whom do we trust? Critical success factors impacting intercultural communication in multicultural project teams\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Information Systems and Project Management\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Wen-Ju Yu\",\n \"K. Cormican\",\n \"Qiong Wu\",\n \"Suzana Sampaio\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Trust is a significant enabler for intercultural communication in project teams. Researchers and practitioners, therefore, need to know which factors might enhance trust in intercultural communication. Contributing to the yet limited number of studies in the field of intercultural communication for multicultural project teams, this research theoretically analyzes and empirically investigates the enablers of trust for intercultural communication focusing on emotional intelligence, empathy, interaction, and transparency. Using a field sample of 117 experienced project managers working in multicultural project teams, we find that interaction and transparency significantly and positively influence trust in intercultural communication; empathy marginally and positively influences trust. Emotional intelligence does not exert an effect on it. These results provide novel theoretical and empirical insights which have practical implications for project managers. The findings direct suggestions for additional theoretical work.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.12821/ijispm090302\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/961e2827d405e166804f3c06a8cb16c3027ec308\",\n \"result_position\": 36,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 268746732,\n \"title\": \"USING INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE DIMENSIONS IN MANAGING MULTICULTURAL TEAM PERFORMANCE\",\n \"venue\": \"Herald of Kazakh-British technical university\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Y. Y. Atakoziyeva\",\n \"S. K. Moldakhmetova\",\n \"A. Khonai\",\n \"K. P. Charman\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This article provides the relevance and effectiveness of intercultural communication competence for managing multicultural teams within Kazakhstan-based international companies. This research seeks to assess project managers and team members’ knowledge, attitudes and skills related to intercultural communication competence. Byram’s model of intercultural communication competence will be utilized with its emphasis on cultural knowledge and attitudes. This study’s significance lies in its focus on cross-cultural management and communication in diverse work environments, using quantitative survey research methodologies conducted among project managers and team members in Kazakhstan international companies. The purpose is to investigate whether project managers and team members from multinational companies in Kazakhstan, operating in diverse cultural settings, possess the ability to identify elements of cross-cultural communicative competence while overseeing their teams and supervising the performance of their subordinates. Data analysis offers insights into intercultural communication competence knowledge, attitudes and skills within their specific context. These findings contribute to existing knowledge on intercultural communication competence and its application in managing multicultural teams, emphasizing the significance of cultural knowledge, positive attitudes toward diversity and effective communication skills for achieving successful project results. Furthermore, the results can provide practical implications for project managers and organizations looking to enhance their intercultural communication competence.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.55452/1998-6688-2024-21-1-169-182\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/72a12f4369eca690e255e61a9891309572c07f89\",\n \"result_position\": 37,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 273293752,\n \"title\": \"Effective Management of Multi-Cultural Construction Project Teams Issues and Strategies for Improving Team Performance\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Sahan Nishok Purasinghe\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The seminar paper provides a pragmatic perspective of the topic of effective management of multi- cultural construction project teams. The paper provides a detailed collated review of issues pertaining to multi- cultural construction project teams and the strategies that can be adopted to overcome those issues thereby improving the performance of the team in its entirety based on the findings of previous research. The paper has been structured in a manner that includes a brief introduction into the topic, definition of the term “Culture”, definition of a “multi-cultural” project team, importance of multi-cultural construction project teams, issues of multi-cultural construction project teams and finally, strategies to overcome the issues from previous research as well as novel concepts and tools that have proven to work in the global project management arena. The author anticipates that the content provided in this seminar paper shall be beneficial for effective decision making by organizational leadership to establish high performing construction project teams that acknowledge and respect cultural diversity whilst utilizing the benefits of cultural heterogeneity and mitigating the detrimental impacts of the same.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.38124/ijisrt/ijisrt24sep1456\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c7f8b6816490985efb1e22a1c81a9908411d3cef\",\n \"result_position\": 38,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 266733761,\n \"title\": \"Telecom project management: Lessons learned and best practices: A review from Africa to the USA\",\n \"venue\": \"World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Maria Gisele\",\n \"Santos\",\n \"Chinedu Alex Ezeigweneme\",\n \"Aniekan Akpan Umoh\",\n \"Valentine Ikenna Ilojianya\",\n \"A. Adegbite\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This paper provides an overview of a comprehensive review that delves into the realm of Telecom Project Management, offering valuable insights garnered from experiences in both African and American contexts. As the telecommunications industry continues to evolve globally, effective project management practices play a pivotal role in ensuring successful implementation, deployment, and maintenance of complex telecom projects. The study explores a spectrum of lessons learned and best practices by juxtaposing project management experiences from Africa to the USA. It examines the unique challenges faced in diverse geographical and operational landscapes, shedding light on how cultural, regulatory, and infrastructural variations impact project dynamics. Key themes addressed include project initiation, scope definition, stakeholder engagement, risk management, and the incorporation of cutting-edge technologies. Through an in-depth analysis of case studies and real-world examples, the review underscores the importance of adapting project management methodologies to local contexts while leveraging global best practices. Furthermore, the paper highlights the significance of fostering cross-cultural collaboration, emphasizing the role of effective communication and leadership in overcoming challenges. The lessons learned from successful and challenging telecom projects serve as a foundation for the identification of best practices that can be universally applied, enhancing the likelihood of project success. In conclusion, the Telecom Project Management review offers a holistic perspective, bridging the gap between experiences in Africa and the USA. The findings contribute to the ongoing discourse on global project management practices within the telecommunications sector, providing a valuable resource for professionals, researchers, and policymakers seeking to navigate the complexities of telecom projects across diverse international landscapes.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.30574/wjarr.2023.20.3.2707\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cdced1dea76a257324a1b79660a1d283b74955da\",\n \"result_position\": 39,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 41011520,\n \"title\": \"Culture and Conflict Management Style of International Project Managers\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2009,\n \"authors\": [\n \"U. Mohammed\",\n \"Gareth R. T. White\",\n \"G. Prabhakar\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The management of culture has become increasingly important to many organisations and business disciplines, particularly multicultural and international project management. Cultural differences often result in varying degrees of conflict and require careful consideration. This study surveys 116 Project Managers using the Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument to determine their approach toward managing conflict. Indian, French and UK Project Managers’ conflict management style are correlated with Hofstede’s description of their cultural characteristics. We find that significant links between the cultural dimensions of Individualism and Masculinity with the propensity for Project Managers to adopt a Competitive style of conflict management. We also find Uncertainty Avoidance correlates with a tendency for Project Managers to adopt an Avoiding approach to conflict management. Other relationships are found between Hofstede’s cultural dimensions and conflict management styles in Project Managers but their meaning requires further study.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5539/IJBM.V3N5P3\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6996016dd86c1469d789cefa6556fd4c1764c36b\",\n \"result_position\": 40,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 155073454,\n \"title\": \"Cross-Cultural Etiquette and Communication in Global Business: Toward a Strategic Framework for Managing Corporate Expansion\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2012,\n \"authors\": [\n \"E. Okoro\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The expanding scope of business corporations in the first decade of the twenty-first century is drawing much scholarly attention, and the trend has been described as a fact of life that defies the stretch of human imagination. The concept of global economy has expanded consumer awareness, defined new standards and rules of operations, and increased the need for national and corporate interdependence. Multinational organizations are exploring opportunities around the world, demonstrating sensitivity towards cultural differences in order to gain from the proliferation and growth of international enterprise. Recent studies indicate that while some corporations compete successfully in the global marketplace, others have failed to sustain their competitive advantage because of cultural imperialism or inadequate acculturation of their managers on international assignment. Corporate analysts argued that the key to global business success depends on effective cross-cultural etiquette and global workforce diversity management. Other significant studies emphasized that global managers should be trained in interpersonal relationship and group communication competence, and should be equipped with cross-cultural negotiation skills that can maintain global competitiveness. Increasingly, corporations recognize the value of preparing global managers, because business objectives of are not been achieved primarily because of deficiencies in cross-cultural etiquette. Against this background, this study provides a constructive evaluation and analysis of global etiquette and cross-cultural communication for managers in international assignments. The study then proposes a strategic role for organizations to achieve adequate return on investments and to succeed in international competitiveness through cultural awareness, sensitivity, and reciprocity.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5539/IJBM.V7N16P130\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2772bd7d24a94df874cd8f5500beb9b8ec122193\",\n \"result_position\": 41,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 266717783,\n \"title\": \"DYNAMICS OF MANAGEMENT IN MULTICULTURAL PROJECT TEAMS\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Business Reflections\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Atif Nawaz Mughal\",\n \"A. Shahzad\",\n \"Raza Rao Hashim\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"With the emergence of globalization, the business models have been completely transformed. A growing number of businesses are operating globally giving rise to diverse multicultural teams. Nevertheless, cultural differences have undermined the efficiency and decision-making of the international project teams as there is more cultural diversity in the teams than ever before. Hence, it has become imperative for the organizations to take cultural diversity into consideration. Prominent cultural studies postulate that having diverse teams in the organizations can have both challenges and opportunities, yet it lacks emphasis of cultural understanding in project management. Moreover, digitization of business operations have moved organizations towards more specialized roles instead of traditional roles. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of team dynamics, their cultural backgrounds, values, and beliefs. It also emphasizes project team development to adopt increased empathetic attitude and emotional intelligence. The research has employed qualitative data retrieved from questionnaires and interviews. A project group development model is proposed aimed at avoiding conflicts arising due to lack of cultural understanding .The findings show that multicultural project groups will experience conflicts caused by cultural differences. Therefore, cultural understanding is vital for group members before they start working together as a group. In addition, cultural training, effective communication, teambuilding exercises and well-defined project goals are important determinants in avoiding team conflicts. Furthermore, project management methodologies should also address cultural aspects of project groups in addition to technical details as present studies lack any cultural advice.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.56249/ijbr.03.01.42\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/af18e7fd38287fc5cb6d95b22b08c69b33fcefd0\",\n \"result_position\": 42,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 267008988,\n \"title\": \"Research on the Importance of Cross-cultural Integration in International Business Management\",\n \"venue\": \"Modern Economics & Management Forum\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Hai-yen. Huang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The aim of this study is to delve into the significance of cross-cultural integration in international business management. In the context of globalization, cross-cultural integration has become a key factor for businesses to gain a competitive advantage in the international market. A profound understanding and effective utilization of cultural diversity enable businesses to better address challenges in the international market, enhance their competitiveness, and achieve sustainable development. This research will focus on the impact of cross-cultural integration on business strategies, team collaboration, market expansion, etc., aiming to provide management strategies and decision references for businesses and further advance the theory of international business management. Through in-depth research and empirical analysis, this study aims to offer a comprehensive and profound international management perspective, providing crucial guidance and support for businesses to stand resilient in global competition.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.32629/memf.v4i6.1502\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f58e53f0111e2232e44c6266d81a5b49ec7e9437\",\n \"result_position\": 43,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 244844055,\n \"title\": \"Leadership in business communication\",\n \"venue\": \"SHS Web of Conferences\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Svetlana Alekseevna Dubinko\",\n \"I. Klimova\",\n \"L. Dubinka-Hushcha\",\n \"G. Klimova\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In a geographically structured organization, where divisions are represented by geography or country, understanding cultural complexities is critical to business success. Cultural traditions can vary within individual groups and communities, not to mention the diversity of cultural traditions across countries and continents. These cultural differences are also represented in the concept of leadership, the latter being crucial for effective business communication and doing business both globally and locally. Such deep components of culture as values, beliefs, cognitive styles, relationship with the environment, attitude to social structure, time, communication change very slowly or do not change at all, even in our global world. They are also crucial for understanding leadership and behavioral norms in successful business communication under the conditions of digital economy. The study draws on a survey conducted among students, master students and alumni in Denmark and Belarus. The purpose of the study is to show that the global leadership style implies the variants which are sensitive to the national leadership styles to the extent that is most appropriate for the corporate climate and business interests.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1051/shsconf/202112702009\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/138e74960e96323089d54dde2f6980ec439e92a3\",\n \"result_position\": 44,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 272212741,\n \"title\": \"GLOBAL MANAGEMENT AND GLOBAL CULTURE: A BIBLIOMETRIC REVIEW OF BUSINESS PRACTICES AND PERFORMANCE\",\n \"venue\": \"Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Lussy Widia Asmaraningtyas\",\n \"S. Sriyono\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This research discusses Global Management and Global Culture in the context of international business development. Through a bibliometric approach, this research evaluates related literature to understand the influence of global management and global culture on business practices and company performance. The main findings highlight publication trends that include digitalization, sustainability, diversity, and the concept of \\\"globalization\\\" as important elements in global management. The theoretical and practical implications of this research demonstrate the complexity of global management and its contribution to international management theory. Practical recommendations include the integration of cultural understanding in business strategy, the enhancement of intercultural competence, and the adoption of sustainable practices. Although this research provides an interesting perspective, there are limitations in the research design and methodology. Therefore, for future research, it is recommended to conduct more in-depth studies on the influence of specific cultures in business practices as well as explore unexplored areas in the literature to provide more comprehensive practical solutions in an increasingly complex global business environment.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.31932/jpe.v9i2.3653\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/87f67fd06b923497a4ddd5717c8d9b481a5e235b\",\n \"result_position\": 45,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 266113387,\n \"title\": \"Junior Software Engineers’ International Communication and Collaboration Competences\",\n \"venue\": \"IEEE Access\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Anu Niva\",\n \"Jouni Markkula\",\n \"Elina Annanperä\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Present-day Software Engineering working environment is highly international. Teams are commonly formed of people from different nationalities and cultural backgrounds. The team’s productivity and efficiency depend significantly on its members’ international communication and collaboration competences. Therefore, understanding the required competences is essential. The software organizations hiring new software engineers need to be able to define and describe the competences, and the junior software engineers applying for their first jobs should know what competences they need to possess and demonstrate. In this study, to increase understanding of necessary communication and collaboration competences in the international Software Engineering working environment, competences were, first, analyzed from the job advertisements applicable to junior software engineers and, second, identified by a literature review. The results were compared to identify what competences junior software engineers should learn and demonstrate, to be competent in the international software engineer job markets. The job advertisement findings show that the international operational environment expects extensive competence in collaboration, high competence in English, and considerable competence in local language and communication. Intercultural competence and other languages are hardly expected. The literature review emphasizes inter-related communication, collaboration, intercultural, and language competences at various levels. Eventually, junior software engineers should demonstrate a tolerant and adaptable attitude, cooperativeness, independence, openness, courage to influence, oral and written social interaction skills, fluent professional English and local language communication skills as well as field-specific and general collaboration methods. The findings benefit juniors and Software Engineering education through which also employers obtain more competent jobseekers.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3340409\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7a78d8f67bcc72e70c4beb364efdce1064a50720\",\n \"result_position\": 46,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 267958344,\n \"title\": \"Effective Management of Construction Project Team: Identifying Leadership Qualities and Responsibilities\",\n \"venue\": \"Scholars Journal of Economics Business and Management\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Tawfig Khidir Ibnouf Adham\",\n \"Amr Sukkar\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Leadership within construction project teams is a critical aspect of effective project management, yet a comprehensive understanding of essential leadership qualities and responsibilities remains elusive in academic discourse. This research addresses this gap by identifying key leadership characteristics crucial for the efficient management of construction teams. The study objectives include exploring essential leadership characteristics and filling the gap in the leadership literature specific to the construction industry. This study employed a qualitative data collection and analysis approach involving in-depth interviews with nine seasoned professionals from diverse construction-related roles and organizations. The findings reveal that emotional intelligence and relationship building are paramount for creating a collaborative and innovative work environment. Empowerment and inclusivity foster team initiative and diversity, although caution is warranted to mitigate potential negative impacts on role stress and unethical behavior. Recognition and appreciation of team contributions contribute to morale and motivation, while continuous learning encourages adaptability and growth. Precise goal setting and efficient communication are foundational for focused and responsive team dynamics, while delegation and trust-building strategies promote collaboration and cohesion. Finally, prioritizing employee well-being ensures a positive and healthy work environment conducive to sustained engagement. The study contributes valuable insights into leadership characteristics vital for constructing teams' optimal functioning and management. The multifaceted nature of construction project management is highlighted, emphasizing the need for leaders to possess a diverse skill set to navigate the complexities of team dynamics in the construction industry. The findings provide actionable knowledge for practitioners and scholars, fostering a more holistic comprehension of effective ......\",\n \"doi\": \"10.36347/sjebm.2024.v11i02.003\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3751e6d1e2399a8f25854e49870e7c2229a9f217\",\n \"result_position\": 47,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 226057178,\n \"title\": \"Changes in Globalization: How Should IB Education Respond?\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Nancy R Buchan\",\n \"Elizabeth C. Ravlin\",\n \"Orgul D. Ozturk\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"A new phase of globalization has made the world cognizant of the job losses, inequality of gains across countries and socio-economic sectors, and climate degradation that has resulted from prior global business practices. We examine what changes international business (IB) education should consider as these patterns evolve. Non-routine analytical skills and global interpersonal skills will still be important in the changing economy. However, evidence suggests that IB education should also emphasize broader knowledge of politics, institutions, sociology, and anthropology in order to help future business leaders navigate and balance the increasingly complex requirements of both local and global stakeholder interests.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.46697/001c.13433\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0cf7579e2af3a9e58c4d847b53bcc21f3daaa2b5\",\n \"result_position\": 48,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 233316338,\n \"title\": \"Leading in Switzerland and Poland: A Case Study of Leadership Practices in Financial Services\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Financial Studies\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Steinmann\",\n \"Carlo Pugnetti\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Leading across national borders is a challenge, partly due to the cultural differences among employees in different locations. We investigate this dynamic for employees of a Swiss financial services company located in Switzerland and in Poland by surveying employees about their leadership expectations and experiences, as well as about their cultural values. We find that the leadership expectations of employees in these two locations do not differ significantly. However, their experience does, indicating the opportunity for further development of local Polish management practices and leadership behavior, and underlying the importance of local leadership development. In addition, we find that a few cultural dimensions have a significant impact on leadership expectations in both countries, indicating the opportunity to further refine situational leadership behavior throughout the organization independently of location. While organizations spanning across Western and Central European locations need to deal with significant differences in cultural and leadership expectation, our results suggest that they can effectively align leadership practices and thus mitigate the practical challenges arising from these differences.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/IJFS9010006\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/98a8cddd04d64b7125a2b4f41af7f54d8e6f6ec2\",\n \"result_position\": 49,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 32635572,\n \"title\": \"Managing Virtual Team Work in IT Projects: Survey\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Advanced Corporate Learning\",\n \"year\": 2014,\n \"authors\": [\n \"H. El-Sofany\",\n \"Hassan M. Alwadani\",\n \"Amer E. Alwadani\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"the nature of managing team work has changed significantly because of changes in organizations and the nature of the work they do. Organizations have become more distributed across geography and across industries. Relationships between people inside an organization and those previously considered outside (customers, suppliers, managers of collaborating organizations, other stakeholders) are becoming more important. Organizations have discovered the value of collaborative work. When implementing IT projects in a global environment, a popular strategy is the establishment of virtual teams. The objective of this paper is to examine what competence an IT project manager has to have to lead a virtual IT team successfully. The question is approached from the perspective of competences presented in the IPMA (International Project Management Association) competence baseline, or The Eye of Competences. Results from research, as well as a survey conducted, highlighted that both soft and hard skills are needed for the optimal IT project manager to lead a virtual team. To be successful in this area it is not sufficient to be outstanding in technical competences. Soft skills like communication, teamwork and leadership are no less essential. The competences scoring highest in the survey were: clarity of objectives, leadership & project management, communication, reliability & efficiency, teamwork and quality management.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3991/ijac.v7i4.4018\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d00a71760faaf2f48b0c5bb08e6c92994a85b327\",\n \"result_position\": 50,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 269270442,\n \"title\": \"Bridging the Cultural Divides: The Transformative Power of Cultural Intelligence in Global Business Leadership and Negotiation\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of global research in education and social science\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Kavita Sharma\",\n \"Tarun Kumar Makhija\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The globalization of the business realm emphasizes the need for leaders with the aptitude to function effectively across diverse cultural contexts. Cultural Intelligence (CQ) is the frontier in this pursuit, highlighting the capability to relate and operate effectively in varying cultural environments. This paper delves into how CQ influences leadership effectiveness in a global setting, investigates methods to enhance CQ in multinational corporations, and explores the relationship between high CQ and successful international business negotiations and collaborations. Grounded in a multidisciplinary theoretical framework that draws from international business, psychology, and intercultural communication, the study employs a systematic literature review methodology to synthesize current knowledge and applications of CQ. Moreover, as businesses compete in an increasingly interconnected world, leaders equipped with CQ are emerging as pivotal assets, driving both strategic alliances and enhanced organizational productivity. This paper underscores the urgency for cultivating such competencies in the evolving international landscape.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.56557/jogress/2024/v18i28647\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/61ee82d386aa4a0eb56477511847555a6b6fa8ef\",\n \"result_position\": 51,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 269970845,\n \"title\": \"Exploring the impact of cultural diversity in global projects: A comparative analysis of virtual and face-to-face teamwork\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Cross Cultural Management\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Katul Yousef\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In today’s interconnected global business landscape, the rise of international business and technological advancements has led to a proliferation of global virtual teams. This dynamic environment underscores the critical importance of understanding cultural diversity within such teams and its impact on performance. To effectively compete in this milieu, individuals must possess the requisite knowledge and skills to navigate diverse cultural backgrounds, both in virtual and face-to-face interactions. This paper delves into the profound significance of cultural diversity and its multifaceted implications within the context of virtual and face-to-face project team dynamics. To gain insights into global virtual teamwork dynamics regarding cultural diversity, a project involving 65 participants was designed. The project’s progression was closely monitored, and participants provided feedback in two stages, yielding a total of 130 feedback sheets for analysis. The research findings shed light on the nuanced dynamics of global virtual teamwork, highlighting cultural diversity as a perceived risk factor. However, these challenges can be effectively managed through the strategic deployment of project management tools. Conversely, in face-to-face settings, cultural diversity emerges as a potent catalyst for innovation and creativity, offering unique perspectives that enrich problem-solving processes. This study serves as a critical resource for educators, project managers, and stakeholders invested in optimizing cross-cultural interactions in both virtual and face-to-face environments. By leveraging insights gleaned from this research, practitioners can harness the power of cultural diversity to drive success in today’s globalized organizational landscape.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1177/14705958241253754\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ce97087c89f75ec82ba52194552858380196b05a\",\n \"result_position\": 52,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 153769486,\n \"title\": \"Insights from Global Project Managers: Career Advice for Successful International Assignments\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2015,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Tracey M. Richardson\",\n \"James W. Marion\",\n \"S. Onu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Qualitative analysis techniques were used to identify recurring themes from project manager interview summaries undertaken by 120 project management students. The themes and the resulting conceptual framework provide evidence for the factors that support the development of successful global project managers. Such factors were found to include taking the initiative to acquire an in-depth understand the local environment and to develop culture and language competence.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5539/IJBM.V10N10P9\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/250733552302db356a980b4282069f78da35de19\",\n \"result_position\": 53,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 236308172,\n \"title\": \"Enhancing leadership qualities for conflict management in intercultural business environments (as part of professional and foreign language preparation of future economists of international economic relations)\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"N. Aleksandrova\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The goal of this writing is to advocate the significance of educating and enhancing leadership qualities and skills for successful conflict management situations. By analyzing the current trends in doing business nationally and globally, understanding approaches to manage conflicts in a cross-cultural business environment we have identified professional requirements for graduates seeking beneficial and successful careers in international business, economic relationships and management. Analyzing relevant articles the author points out that today’s business environment is notably sustainability-driven and aimed at maintaining the conditions that allow it to flourish in cross-cultural teams over time. Thus, organizations’ leaders and managers are and will be aimed at building enduring business institutions. The author underlines the importance of acquiring cultural awareness, basic knowledge of conflict management and cultivating leadership qualities in the process of foreign language preparation at university. The novelty of our research lies in the fact that we have undertaken an attempt to connect the importance of leadership qualities with the relevance of analyzing conflict management in general. We also emphasize that in future the global business will undoubtedly face a talent void, and, consequently, professionals able to think and treat different situations holistically will predominate the labour market. In the article, we also share our own experience of improving our students’ leadership qualities. The conflict management grid is analyzed. Based on the recent publications we suggested some crucial steps to be undertaken to achieve success in conflict management.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.31874/2520-6702-2021-11-1-192-200\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dc98f01999e4494f37e0041629b4e4579d53cd01\",\n \"result_position\": 54,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 55298878,\n \"title\": \"Competency-Based Training Program for International Students\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2015,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Azevedo\",\n \"Deborah Hurst\",\n \"Rocky J. Dwyer\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The purpose of this paper is to introduce a training program for developing the self-discovery and self-regulation competencies of international students. The paper combines literature review from global leadership, international education and related disciplines to advance a competency-based program that addresses a critical need for greater integration and retention of international students in their host countries. Research evidence from the literature review further suggested that key competencies such as self-awareness and self-regulation are critical for enabling the development of culturally intelligent behaviours. The program therefore introduces an initial phase of experiential learning activities in mindfulness and sense-making to foster the development of the foundational competence self-discovery. In addition, a second phase of entrepreneurial projects is designed to support individual growth in three self-regulation competencies: psychological flexibility, human sustainability and entrepreneurial thinking. The importance of this training program for the effective social integration and long-term retention of international students is discussed. Opportunities for future research are also outlined in the concluding section.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5539/IBR.V8N3P11\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ad3bf5449efba4b1c3cf44aad713f359f6a0693b\",\n \"result_position\": 55,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 269179872,\n \"title\": \"Digital Leadership Competencies:\\nA Systematic Literature Review\",\n \"venue\": \"Review of International Comparative Management\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Sisu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The rise of digitalization has necessitated a shift in the skillset required of leaders to navigate the ever-evolving digital landscape. This article presents a systematic literature review of classical and contemporary leadership approaches, identifying key competencies required for effective leadership in the digital era. Digital transformation has brought significant changes to the business environment, requiring leaders to adapt to a new set of challenges and opportunities. This has led to an increasing interest in the development of digital leadership skills and competencies. While communication, vision, and innovation have been identified as important skills for digital leaders, there is a need for a deeper understanding of the unique competencies required for success in the digital era. Moreover, the importance of creating a digitally savvy workforce and the role of training and development programs for leaders cannot be understated. This article aims to explore the current state of digital leadership, highlighting the key competencies needed for success in the digital age and the role of training and development programs in developing these competencies. Through a comprehensive review of the existing literature, this article aims to offer valuable insights and practical recommendations to business leaders and organizations seeking to succeed in the dynamic and complex digital landscape.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.24818/rmci.2023.1.69\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4cd22e26e23fa395c608083799791307a9476805\",\n \"result_position\": 56,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 276983440,\n \"title\": \"Exploring Ethical, Cultural, and Transnational Competence Among International Healthcare Management Students: An Australian Perspective\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Healthcare Leadership\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Matylda Howard\",\n \"K. Tan\",\n \"R. Jayasekara\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Introduction Healthcare leaders face complex ethical challenges that can impact patient care and organizational integrity. For international healthcare management students pursuing leadership roles in Australia, these challenges are heightened by ethical, cultural, and transnational differences. This exploratory study examined the challenges faced by these students to establish foundational understanding of the competencies needed for effective ethical decision-making, cultural integration, and transnational readiness in diverse healthcare environments. Methods Using a composite theoretical framework incorporating Cultural Relativism, Ethical Climate Theory, Institutional Theory, and Transnationalism, a 35-item instrument was adapted from three validated sources. A cross-sectional survey of 35 international postgraduate health services management students collected quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data were summarized using descriptive statistics, while thematic analysis, informed by the Gioia methodology, was applied to qualitative responses. Results Key ethical challenges identified included healthcare inequity, resource allocation, and patient safety. Effective leadership practices emphasized fostering supportive work environments and promoting diversity. Participants demonstrated strong cultural competence, particularly in cultural awareness and cross-cultural communication, but highlighted the need for enhanced preparation in ethical decision-making and navigating transnational healthcare systems. Conclusion The findings underscore the importance of transnational training programs that integrate cultural orientation, healthcare-specific language support, and ethical decision-making simulations. The Ethical, Cultural, and Transnational framework developed in this study provides a practical guide for embedding these competencies into leadership curricula, equipping international students to navigate the complexities of globalized healthcare systems effectively.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.2147/JHL.S506361\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0aaee33284ecbe606349a883ac003674f2c1d67e\",\n \"result_position\": 57,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":74,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"The most popular tools for analysing single-cell genomics data in \"infertility research\" :\nIncluding: Name\tPlatform Language\tOfficial Link\nand categorised in this manner:\nGeneral purposes\nPre-processing and quantification\nQuality control\nNormalization\nData correction\nFeature selection\nDimensionality reduction and\nvisualization\nCluster analysis\nCell type annotation\nTrajectory analysis\nCell–cell communication\nData transformation\n"},"query_timestamp":{"kind":"string","value":"2025-07-31T06:24:29.206678+00:00"},"thread_id":{"kind":"string","value":"b4fe71e3d592b3fa7c17d3c671277ed1be2273bed6a37d0a2de1372da1a906a5"},"num_shown":{"kind":"number","value":73,"string":"73"},"num_clicked":{"kind":"number","value":1,"string":"1"},"has_clicks":{"kind":"bool","value":true,"string":"true"},"shown_papers":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"corpus_id":3314041,"title":"SCANPY: large-scale single-cell gene expression data analysis","venue":"Genome Biology","year":2018,"authors":["F. Wolf","Philipp Angerer","Fabian J Theis"],"abstract":"Scanpy is a scalable toolkit for analyzing single-cell gene expression data. It includes methods for preprocessing, visualization, clustering, pseudotime and trajectory inference, differential expression testing, and simulation of gene regulatory networks. Its Python-based implementation efficiently deals with data sets of more than one million cells (https://github.com/theislab/Scanpy). Along with Scanpy, we present AnnData, a generic class for handling annotated data matrices (https://github.com/theislab/anndata).","doi":"10.1186/s13059-017-1382-0","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7e49aa718a7e5fea9784e5c04c1c853edec9e46a","result_position":0,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":3722363,"title":"Scater: pre-processing, quality control, normalization and visualization of single-cell RNA-seq data in R","venue":"Bioinform.","year":2017,"authors":["Davis J. McCarthy","Kieran R. Campbell","A. Lun","Quin F. Wills"],"abstract":"Motivation: Single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) is increasingly used to study gene expression at the level of individual cells. However, preparing raw sequence data for further analysis is not a straightforward process. Biases, artifacts and other sources of unwanted variation are present in the data, requiring substantial time and effort to be spent on pre‐processing, quality control (QC) and normalization. Results: We have developed the R/Bioconductor package scater to facilitate rigorous pre‐processing, quality control, normalization and visualization of scRNA‐seq data. The package provides a convenient, flexible workflow to process raw sequencing reads into a high‐quality expression dataset ready for downstream analysis. scater provides a rich suite of plotting tools for single‐cell data and a flexible data structure that is compatible with existing tools and can be used as infrastructure for future software development. Availability and Implementation: The open‐source code, along with installation instructions, vignettes and case studies, is available through Bioconductor at http://bioconductor.org/packages/scater. Contact: davis@ebi.ac.uk Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.","doi":"10.1093/bioinformatics/btw777","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/98b9fde16d450f858bae75dfc466f2009083a9f0","result_position":1,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":176295002,"title":"Comprehensive integration of single cell data","venue":"bioRxiv","year":2018,"authors":["Tim Stuart","Andrew Butler","Paul J. Hoffman","Christoph Hafemeister","Efthymia Papalexi","William M. Mauck","Marlon Stoeckius","Peter Smibert","R. Satija"],"abstract":"Single cell transcriptomics (scRNA-seq) has transformed our ability to discover and annotate cell types and states, but deep biological understanding requires more than a taxonomic listing of clusters. As new methods arise to measure distinct cellular modalities, including high-dimensional immunophenotypes, chromatin accessibility, and spatial positioning, a key analytical challenge is to integrate these datasets into a harmonized atlas that can be used to better understand cellular identity and function. Here, we develop a computational strategy to “anchor” diverse datasets together, enabling us to integrate and compare single cell measurements not only across scRNA-seq technologies, but different modalities as well. After demonstrating substantial improvement over existing methods for data integration, we anchor scRNA-seq experiments with scATAC-seq datasets to explore chromatin differences in closely related interneuron subsets, and project single cell protein measurements onto a human bone marrow atlas to annotate and characterize lymphocyte populations. Lastly, we demonstrate how anchoring can harmonize in-situ gene expression and scRNA-seq datasets, allowing for the transcriptome-wide imputation of spatial gene expression patterns, and the identification of spatial relationships between mapped cell types in the visual cortex. Our work presents a strategy for comprehensive integration of single cell data, including the assembly of harmonized references, and the transfer of information across datasets. Availability: Installation instructions, documentation, and tutorials are available at: https://www.satijalab.org/seurat","doi":"10.1101/460147","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2287a3930a7568a956aae5f3f037efe8fed675e7","result_position":2,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":4873852,"title":"Integrating single-cell transcriptomic data across different conditions, technologies, and species","venue":"Nature Biotechnology","year":2018,"authors":["Andrew Butler","Paul J. Hoffman","Peter Smibert","Efthymia Papalexi","R. Satija"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1038/nbt.4096","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/458c8ca3c2818b479d91dbdb83f2d10ded3708fa","result_position":3,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":258441248,"title":"scRNASequest: an ecosystem of scRNA-seq analysis, visualization, and publishing","venue":"BMC Genomics","year":2023,"authors":["Kejie Li","Yu H. Sun","Zhengyu Ouyang","Soumya Negi","Zhen-Zhen Gao","Jing Zhu","Wanli Wang","Yirui Chen","Sarbottam Piya","Wen-Tuo Hu","M. Zavodszky","H. Yalamanchili","S. Cao","Andrew R. Gehrke","Mark Sheehan","Dann Huh","Fergal Casey","Xinmin Zhang","Baohong Zhang"],"abstract":"Background Single-cell RNA sequencing is a state-of-the-art technology to understand gene expression in complex tissues. With the growing amount of data being generated, the standardization and automation of data analysis are critical to generating hypotheses and discovering biological insights. Results Here, we present scRNASequest, a semi-automated single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data analysis workflow which allows (1) preprocessing from raw UMI count data, (2) harmonization by one or multiple methods, (3) reference-dataset-based cell type label transfer and embedding projection, (4) multi-sample, multi-condition single-cell level differential gene expression analysis, and (5) seamless integration with cellxgene VIP for visualization and with CellDepot for data hosting and sharing by generating compatible h5ad files. Conclusions We developed scRNASequest, an end-to-end pipeline for single-cell RNA-seq data analysis, visualization, and publishing. The source code under MIT open-source license is provided at https://github.com/interactivereport/scRNASequest . We also prepared a bookdown tutorial for the installation and detailed usage of the pipeline: https://interactivereport.github.io/scRNAsequest/tutorial/docs/ . Users have the option to run it on a local computer with a Linux/Unix system including MacOS, or interact with SGE/Slurm schedulers on high-performance computing (HPC) clusters.","doi":"10.1186/s12864-023-09332-2","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4c5ac9fddf1affb80d2aa7343755ccd684ff7c9e","result_position":4,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":195191612,"title":"Current best practices in single‐cell RNA‐seq analysis: a tutorial","venue":"Molecular Systems Biology","year":2019,"authors":["Malte D. Luecken","Fabian J Theis"],"abstract":"Single‐cell RNA‐seq has enabled gene expression to be studied at an unprecedented resolution. The promise of this technology is attracting a growing user base for single‐cell analysis methods. As more analysis tools are becoming available, it is becoming increasingly difficult to navigate this landscape and produce an up‐to‐date workflow to analyse one's data. Here, we detail the steps of a typical single‐cell RNA‐seq analysis, including pre‐processing (quality control, normalization, data correction, feature selection, and dimensionality reduction) and cell‐ and gene‐level downstream analysis. We formulate current best‐practice recommendations for these steps based on independent comparison studies. We have integrated these best‐practice recommendations into a workflow, which we apply to a public dataset to further illustrate how these steps work in practice. Our documented case study can be found at https://www.github.com/theislab/single-cell-tutorial. This review will serve as a workflow tutorial for new entrants into the field, and help established users update their analysis pipelines.","doi":"10.15252/msb.20188746","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d197473a348efadb23a6bb52de3476fdfdfe7dec","result_position":5,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":227950880,"title":"Tutorial: guidelines for the computational analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data","venue":"Nature Protocols","year":2020,"authors":["T. Andrews","V. Kiselev","Davis J. McCarthy","M. Hemberg"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1038/s41596-020-00409-w","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1c26e5d041dccba0726872455a5efe0125344855","result_position":6,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":248498852,"title":"High-throughput single-сell sequencing in cancer research","venue":"Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy","year":2022,"authors":["Q. Jia","Han Chu","Zheng Jin","H. Long","B. Zhu"],"abstract":"With advances in sequencing and instrument technology, bioinformatics analysis is being applied to batches of massive cells at single-cell resolution. High-throughput single-cell sequencing can be utilized for multi-omics characterization of tumor cells, stromal cells or infiltrated immune cells to evaluate tumor progression, responses to environmental perturbations, heterogeneous composition of the tumor microenvironment, and complex intercellular interactions between these factors. Particularly, single-cell sequencing of T cell receptors, alone or in combination with single-cell RNA sequencing, is useful in the fields of tumor immunology and immunotherapy. Clinical insights obtained from single-cell analysis are critically important for exploring the biomarkers of disease progression or antitumor treatment, as well as for guiding precise clinical decision-making for patients with malignant tumors. In this review, we summarize the clinical applications of single-cell sequencing in the fields of tumor cell evolution, tumor immunology, and tumor immunotherapy. Additionally, we analyze the tumor cell response to antitumor treatment, heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment, and response or resistance to immune checkpoint immunotherapy. The limitations of single-cell analysis in cancer research are also discussed.","doi":"10.1038/s41392-022-00990-4","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a73d5e6201bd8b461c29575dd1de5c1c184b20d9","result_position":7,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":96432438,"title":"Single-Cell RNA-Seq Technologies and Related Computational Data Analysis","venue":"Frontiers in Genetics","year":2019,"authors":["Geng Chen","B. Ning","Tieliu Shi"],"abstract":"Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies allow the dissection of gene expression at single-cell resolution, which greatly revolutionizes transcriptomic studies. A number of scRNA-seq protocols have been developed, and these methods possess their unique features with distinct advantages and disadvantages. Due to technical limitations and biological factors, scRNA-seq data are noisier and more complex than bulk RNA-seq data. The high variability of scRNA-seq data raises computational challenges in data analysis. Although an increasing number of bioinformatics methods are proposed for analyzing and interpreting scRNA-seq data, novel algorithms are required to ensure the accuracy and reproducibility of results. In this review, we provide an overview of currently available single-cell isolation protocols and scRNA-seq technologies, and discuss the methods for diverse scRNA-seq data analyses including quality control, read mapping, gene expression quantification, batch effect correction, normalization, imputation, dimensionality reduction, feature selection, cell clustering, trajectory inference, differential expression calling, alternative splicing, allelic expression, and gene regulatory network reconstruction. Further, we outline the prospective development and applications of scRNA-seq technologies.","doi":"10.3389/fgene.2019.00317","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bf3447b4c5fd98b236f408ff86d1f8acfd467676","result_position":8,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":269331475,"title":"Shaoxia: a web-based interactive analysis platform for single cell RNA sequencing data","venue":"BMC Genomics","year":2024,"authors":["Weideng Wei","Xiaoqiang Xia","Taiwen Li","Qianming Chen","Xiaodong Feng"],"abstract":"Background In recent years, Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is increasingly accessible to researchers of many fields. However, interpreting its data demands proficiency in multiple programming languages and bioinformatic skills, which limited researchers, without such expertise, exploring information from scRNA-seq data. Therefore, there is a tremendous need to develop easy-to-use software, covering all the aspects of scRNA-seq data analysis. Results We proposed a clear analysis framework for scRNA-seq data, which emphasized the fundamental and crucial roles of cell identity annotation, abstracting the analysis process into three stages: upstream analysis, cell annotation and downstream analysis. The framework can equip researchers with a comprehensive understanding of the analysis procedure and facilitate effective data interpretation. Leveraging the developed framework, we engineered Shaoxia, an analysis platform designed to democratize scRNA-seq analysis by accelerating processing through high-performance computing capabilities and offering a user-friendly interface accessible even to wet-lab researchers without programming expertise. Conclusion Shaoxia stands as a powerful and user-friendly open-source software for automated scRNA-seq analysis, offering comprehensive functionality for streamlined functional genomics studies. Shaoxia is freely accessible at http://www.shaoxia.cloud , and its source code is publicly available at https://github.com/WiedenWei/shaoxia .","doi":"10.1186/s12864-024-10322-1","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/806ffd2e987605fef9799213f31d4fbb28c2d8e2","result_position":9,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":222825366,"title":"Integrated analysis of multimodal single-cell data","venue":"bioRxiv","year":2020,"authors":["Y. Hao","S. Hao","E. Andersen-Nissen","William M. Mauck","Shiwei Zheng","Andrew Butler","Madeline J. Lee","Aaron J. Wilk","Charlotte A. Darby","M. Zagar","Paul J. Hoffman","Marlon Stoeckius","Efthymia Papalexi","Eleni P. Mimitou","Jaison Jain","Avi Srivastava","Tim Stuart","Lamar B. Fleming","Bertrand Z. Yeung","A. Rogers","J. McElrath","C. Blish","R. Gottardo","Peter Smibert","R. Satija"],"abstract":"The simultaneous measurement of multiple modalities, known as multimodal analysis, represents an exciting frontier for single-cell genomics and necessitates new computational methods that can define cellular states based on multiple data types. Here, we introduce ‘weighted-nearest neighbor’ analysis, an unsupervised framework to learn the relative utility of each data type in each cell, enabling an integrative analysis of multiple modalities. We apply our procedure to a CITE-seq dataset of hundreds of thousands of human white blood cells alongside a panel of 228 antibodies to construct a multimodal reference atlas of the circulating immune system. We demonstrate that integrative analysis substantially improves our ability to resolve cell states and validate the presence of previously unreported lymphoid subpopulations. Moreover, we demonstrate how to leverage this reference to rapidly map new datasets, and to interpret immune responses to vaccination and COVID-19. Our approach represents a broadly applicable strategy to analyze single-cell multimodal datasets, including paired measurements of RNA and chromatin state, and to look beyond the transcriptome towards a unified and multimodal definition of cellular identity. Availability Installation instructions, documentation, tutorials, and CITE-seq datasets are available at http://www.satijalab.org/seurat","doi":"10.1101/2020.10.12.335331","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ce080083a7a3d3177732dff0da508e0da152837d","result_position":10,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":277181308,"title":"Single-cell sequencing in non-obstructive azoospermia: insights from primary and re-analysis studies","venue":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","year":2025,"authors":["Zesong Jiang","Junwen Zhang","Zhongjian Qiu","Yufei Zhang","Nan Li","Jianmeng Hu","Zhiguo Zhu"],"abstract":"Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) constitutes one of the most severe forms of male infertility. Recent advancements in single-cell sequencing have significantly contributed to understanding the molecular landscape of NOA in human testicular tissues, elucidating the factors that underpin spermatogenic dysfunction. This technology has improved our understanding of the condition at a cellular level. Concurrently, bioinformatics developments have facilitated the re-analysis of publicly available single-cell datasets, offering novel insights into the disorder. Nevertheless, a comprehensive review integrating primary and re-analysis studies of single-cell sequencing in NOA is lacking. This review systematically evaluates 10 primary studies reporting original single-cell sequencing data of human NOA testicular samples and 22 secondary studies that re-analyzed these published data. We explore single-cell sequencing applications in germ cells, Sertoli cells, and Leydig cells, offering a comprehensive overview of molecular insights into spermatogenic dysfunction. Our review highlights novel findings in secondary studies, including the roles of transcriptional regulators, RNA transcription, endocrine disruptors, and microtubular cytoskeleton, thereby bridging primary studies and re-analysis studies. Additionally, we discussed future research directions and the challenges of translating single-cell research findings into clinical applications. In summary, single-cell sequencing offers a high-resolution, single-cell perspective of NOA testicular tissue, paving the way for innovative therapeutic strategies in male infertility.","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1539063","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bdeed10d7d86f2c0b9d037e5e57c9c922c7098e0","result_position":11,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":225336002,"title":"Single cell transcriptome research in human placenta","venue":"Reproduction","year":2020,"authors":["Hui Li","Qianhui Huang","Yu Liu","L. Garmire"],"abstract":"Human placenta is a complex and heterogeneous organ interfacing between the mother and the fetus that supports fetal development. Alterations to placental structural components are associated with various pregnancy complications. To reveal the heterogeneity among various placenta cell types in normal and diseased placentas, as well as elucidate molecular interactions within a population of placental cells, a new genomics technology called single cell RNA-seq (or scRNA-seq) has been employed in the last couple of years. Here we review the principles of scRNA-seq technology, and summarize the recent human placenta studies at scRNA-seq level across gestational ages as well as in pregnancy complications, such as preterm birth and preeclampsia. We list the computational analysis platforms and resources available for the public use. Lastly, we discuss the future areas of interest for placenta single cell studies, as well as the data analytics needed to accomplish them.","doi":"10.1530/REP-20-0231","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f59084265459e80a6a94a34fff4dd3b6430c3656","result_position":12,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":259125970,"title":"GRACE: a comprehensive web-based platform for integrative single-cell transcriptome analysis","venue":"NAR Genomics and Bioinformatics","year":2022,"authors":["Hao Yu","Yuqing Wang","Xi Zhang","Z. Wang"],"abstract":"Abstract Large-scale single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has emerged as a robust method for dissecting cellular heterogeneity at single-cell resolution. However, to meet the increasingly high computational demands of non-programming experts, a user-friendly, scalable, and accessible online platform for analyzing scRNA-seq data is urgently needed. Here, we have developed a web-based platform GRACE (GRaphical Analyzing Cell Explorer) (http://grace.flowhub.com.cn or http://grace.jflab.ac.cn:28080) that enables online massive single-cell transcriptome analysis, improving interactivity and reproducibility using high-quality visualization frameworks. GRACE provides easy access to interactive visualization, customized parameters, and publication-quality graphs. Furthermore, it comprehensively integrates preprocessing, clustering, developmental trajectory inference, cell-cell communication, cell-type annotation, subcluster analysis, and pathway enrichment. In addition to the website platform, we also provide a Docker version that can be easily deployed on private servers. The source code for GRACE is freely available at (https://github.com/th00516/GRACE). Documentation and video tutorials are accessible from website homepage (http://grace.flowhub.com.cn). GRACE can analyze massive scRNA-seq data more flexibly and be accessible to the scientific community. This platform fulfills the major gap that exists between experimental (wet lab) and bioinformatic (dry lab) research.","doi":"10.1093/nargab/lqad050","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/51819551a5e058482d67907056332c0713d2d5c5","result_position":13,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":272960420,"title":"Single-cell sequencing to multi-omics: technologies and applications","venue":"Biomarker Research","year":2024,"authors":["Xiangyu Wu","Xin Yang","Y. Dai","Zihan Zhao","Junmeng Zhu","Hongqian Guo","Rong Yang"],"abstract":"Cells, as the fundamental units of life, contain multidimensional spatiotemporal information. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is revolutionizing biomedical science by analyzing cellular state and intercellular heterogeneity. Undoubtedly, single-cell transcriptomics has emerged as one of the most vibrant research fields today. With the optimization and innovation of single-cell sequencing technologies, the intricate multidimensional details concealed within cells are gradually unveiled. The combination of scRNA-seq and other multi-omics is at the forefront of the single-cell field. This involves simultaneously measuring various omics data within individual cells, expanding our understanding across a broader spectrum of dimensions. Single-cell multi-omics precisely captures the multidimensional aspects of single-cell transcriptomes, immune repertoire, spatial information, temporal information, epitopes, and other omics in diverse spatiotemporal contexts. In addition to depicting the cell atlas of normal or diseased tissues, it also provides a cornerstone for studying cell differentiation and development patterns, disease heterogeneity, drug resistance mechanisms, and treatment strategies. Herein, we review traditional single-cell sequencing technologies and outline the latest advancements in single-cell multi-omics. We summarize the current status and challenges of applying single-cell multi-omics technologies to biological research and clinical applications. Finally, we discuss the limitations and challenges of single-cell multi-omics and potential strategies to address them.","doi":"10.1186/s40364-024-00643-4","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ef71354c45a6936e7d8f317b730e595e6695f5e0","result_position":14,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":232066568,"title":"Comprehensive analysis of single cell ATAC-seq data with SnapATAC","venue":"Nature Communications","year":2021,"authors":["Rongxin Fang","Sebastian Preissl","Y. Li","Xiaomeng Hou","J. Lucero","Xinxin Wang","Amir Motamedi","A. Shiau","Xinzhu Zhou","Fangming Xie","E. Mukamel","Kai Zhang","Yanxiao Zhang","M. Behrens","J. Ecker","B. Ren"],"abstract":"Identification of the cis-regulatory elements controlling cell-type specific gene expression patterns is essential for understanding the origin of cellular diversity. Conventional assays to map regulatory elements via open chromatin analysis of primary tissues is hindered by sample heterogeneity. Single cell analysis of accessible chromatin (scATAC-seq) can overcome this limitation. However, the high-level noise of each single cell profile and the large volume of data pose unique computational challenges. Here, we introduce SnapATAC, a software package for analyzing scATAC-seq datasets. SnapATAC dissects cellular heterogeneity in an unbiased manner and map the trajectories of cellular states. Using the Nyström method, SnapATAC can process data from up to a million cells. Furthermore, SnapATAC incorporates existing tools into a comprehensive package for analyzing single cell ATAC-seq dataset. As demonstration of its utility, SnapATAC is applied to 55,592 single-nucleus ATAC-seq profiles from the mouse secondary motor cortex. The analysis reveals ~370,000 candidate regulatory elements in 31 distinct cell populations in this brain region and inferred candidate cell-type specific transcriptional regulators. Single cell analysis of transposase-accessible chromatin is deepening our understanding on the origins of cellular diversity, yet methods are limited by data sparsity. Here, the authors introduce SnapATAC, a pipeline to resolve cellular heterogeneity and reveal candidate regulatory elements across different cell populations.","doi":"10.1038/s41467-021-21583-9","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7f677c0247b99fa94741491775ab04fdbb9a7b02","result_position":15,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":208621928,"title":"Understanding the complexity of retina and pluripotent stem cell derived retinal organoids with single cell RNA sequencing: current progress, remaining challenges and future prospective","venue":"Current Eye Research","year":2019,"authors":["Darin Zerti","J. Collin","R. Queen","S. Cockell","M. Lako"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT Single-cell sequencing technologies have emerged as a revolutionary tool with transformative new methods to profile genetic, epigenetic, spatial, and lineage information in individual cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) allows researchers to collect large datasets detailing the transcriptomes of individual cells in space and time and is increasingly being applied to reveal cellular heterogeneity in retinal development, normal physiology, and disease, and provide new insights into cell-type specific markers and signaling pathways. In recent years, scRNA-Seq datasets have been generated from retinal tissue and pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal organoids. Their cross-comparison enables staging of retinal organoids, identification of specific cells in developing and adult human neural retina and provides deeper insights into cell-type sub-specification and geographical differences. In this article, we review the recent rapid progress in scRNA-Seq analyses of retina and retinal organoids, the questions that remain unanswered and the technical challenges that need to be overcome to achieve consistent results that reflect the complexity, functionality, and interactions of all retinal cell types.","doi":"10.1080/02713683.2019.1697453","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/85e3af95d350914015bc9f89497d2b6471d614d1","result_position":16,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":272698355,"title":"CellChat for systematic analysis of cell–cell communication from single-cell transcriptomics","venue":"Nature Protocols","year":2024,"authors":["Suoqin Jin","M. Plikus","Qing Nie"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1038/s41596-024-01045-4","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/92038ff7c7f4449feeb0df9fa2b16d02169fdd86","result_position":17,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":266278561,"title":"Analysis of multiple programmed cell death-related prognostic genes and functional validations of necroptosis-associated genes in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma","venue":"EBioMedicine","year":2023,"authors":["Kui Cao","Jinhong Zhu","Mengdi Lu","Jinfeng Zhang","Yingnan Yang","X. Ling","Luquan Zhang","Cuicui Qi","Shenshui Wei","Yanqiao Zhang","Jianqun Ma"],"abstract":"Summary Background Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a lethal malignancy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) showed great clinical benefits for patients with ESCC. We aimed to construct a model predicting prognosis and response to ICIs by integrating diverse programmed cell death (PCD) forms. Methods Genes related to 14 PCDs were collected to generate multi-gene signatures, including apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and cuproptosis. Bulk and single-cell RNA transcriptome datasets were used to develop and validate the model. We assessed the functions of two necroptosis-related genes in ESCC cells by Western blot, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), LDH release assay, CCK-8, and migration assay, followed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining on samples of patients with ESCC (n = 67). Findings We built and validated a 16-gene prognostic combined cell death index (CCDI) by combining immunogenic cell death (ICD) and necroptosis signatures. The CCDI could also predict response to ICIs in cancer, as shown by Tumour Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) analysis, confirmed in four independent ICI clinical trials. Trajectory analysis revealed that HOOK1 and CUL4A might affect ESCC cell fate. We found that HOOK1 induced necroptosis and inhibited the proliferation and migration of ESCC cells, while CUL4A exhibited the opposite effects. Co-IP assay confirmed that HOOK1 and CUL4A promoted and reduced necrosome formation in ESCC cells. Data from patients with ESCC further supported that HOOK1 and CUL4A might be a tumour suppressor and oncogene, respectively. Interpretation We constructed a CCDI model with potential in predicting prognosis and response to ICIs in cancer. HOOK1 and CUL4A in the CCDI model are crucial prognostic biomarkers in ESCC. Funding The 10.13039/501100001809Natural Science Foundation of China [82172786], The National Cancer Center Climbing Fund of China [NCC201908B06], The 10.13039/501100005046Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province [LH2021H077].","doi":"10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104920","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b0456c2f3c50b1df4ae59b864850839e5e10a2c9","result_position":18,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":238238793,"title":"Gene Expression Nebulas (GEN): a comprehensive data portal integrating transcriptomic profiles across multiple species at both bulk and single-cell levels","venue":"Nucleic Acids Res.","year":2021,"authors":["Yuansheng Zhang","D. Zou","Tongtong Zhu","Tianyi Xu","Ming Chen","Guangyi Niu","Wenting Zong","Rong Pan","Wei Jing","Jian Sang","Chang Liu","Yujia Xiong","Yubin Sun","S. Zhai","Huanxin Chen","Wenming Zhao","Jingfa Xiao","Y. Bào","Lili Hao","Zhang Zhang"],"abstract":"Abstract Transcriptomic profiling is critical to uncovering functional elements from transcriptional and post-transcriptional aspects. Here, we present Gene Expression Nebulas (GEN, https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/gen/), an open-access data portal integrating transcriptomic profiles under various biological contexts. GEN features a curated collection of high-quality bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing datasets by using standardized data processing pipelines and a structured curation model. Currently, GEN houses a large number of gene expression profiles from 323 datasets (157 bulk and 166 single-cell), covering 50 500 samples and 15 540 169 cells across 30 species, which are further categorized into six biological contexts. Moreover, GEN integrates a full range of transcriptomic profiles on expression, RNA editing and alternative splicing for 10 bulk datasets, providing opportunities for users to conduct integrative analysis at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. In addition, GEN provides abundant gene annotations based on value-added curation of transcriptomic profiles and delivers online services for data analysis and visualization. Collectively, GEN presents a comprehensive collection of transcriptomic profiles across multiple species, thus serving as a fundamental resource for better understanding genetic regulatory architecture and functional mechanisms from tissues to cells.","doi":"10.1093/nar/gkab878","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3bbfc7f8ae9b5594ea867ab7a74d9c067399e939","result_position":19,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":258163236,"title":"Sequence-Based Platforms for Discovering Biomarkers in Liquid Biopsy of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer","venue":"Cancers","year":2023,"authors":["Liam J Brockley","Vanessa G. P. Souza","Aisling Forder","Michelle E. Pewarchuk","Melis Erkan","N. Telkar","Katya H. Bénard","Jessica Trejo","M. Stewart","G. Stewart","P. Reis","W. Lam","Victor D. Martinez"],"abstract":"Simple Summary A lack of sensitive biomarkers hinders lung cancer detection and monitoring, resulting in late diagnosis and missed treatment response. Liquid biopsies have recently emerged as a promising method of detecting biomarkers in lung cancer patients without the need to conduct invasive procedures. New approaches for biomarker discovery have emerged due to advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies and bioinformatics tools. In this review, we comprehensively describe established and emerging methods for identifying lung cancer biomarkers using liquid biopsy. Furthermore, we highlight advanced bioinformatics tools and methods for processing NGS data, as well as recently developed software tailored for liquid biopsy biomarker detection. Abstract Lung cancer detection and monitoring are hampered by a lack of sensitive biomarkers, which results in diagnosis at late stages and difficulty in tracking response to treatment. Recent developments have established liquid biopsies as promising non-invasive methods for detecting biomarkers in lung cancer patients. With concurrent advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies and bioinformatics tools, new approaches for biomarker discovery have emerged. In this article, we survey established and emerging biomarker discovery methods using nucleic acid materials derived from bodily fluids in the context of lung cancer. We introduce nucleic acid biomarkers extracted from liquid biopsies and outline biological sources and methods of isolation. We discuss next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms commonly used to identify novel biomarkers and describe how these have been applied to liquid biopsy. We highlight emerging biomarker discovery methods, including applications of long-read sequencing, fragmentomics, whole-genome amplification methods for single-cell analysis, and whole-genome methylation assays. Finally, we discuss advanced bioinformatics tools, describing methods for processing NGS data, as well as recently developed software tailored for liquid biopsy biomarker detection, which holds promise for early diagnosis of lung cancer.","doi":"10.3390/cancers15082275","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b017cc33f5bd4d74e05da7940223e9324ba2797a","result_position":20,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":247219013,"title":"Guidelines for bioinformatics of single-cell sequencing data analysis in Alzheimer’s disease: review, recommendation, implementation and application","venue":"Molecular Neurodegeneration","year":2022,"authors":["Minghui Wang","Won-min Song","Chen Ming","Qian Wang","Xianxiao Zhou","Peng Xu","A. Krek","Yonejung Yoon","L. Ho","Miranda E. Orr","Guo-Cheng Yuan","Bin Zhang"],"abstract":"Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration. Extensive clinical and genomic studies have revealed biomarkers, risk factors, pathways, and targets of AD in the past decade. However, the exact molecular basis of AD development and progression remains elusive. The emerging single-cell sequencing technology can potentially provide cell-level insights into the disease. Here we systematically review the state-of-the-art bioinformatics approaches to analyze single-cell sequencing data and their applications to AD in 14 major directions, including 1) quality control and normalization, 2) dimension reduction and feature extraction, 3) cell clustering analysis, 4) cell type inference and annotation, 5) differential expression, 6) trajectory inference, 7) copy number variation analysis, 8) integration of single-cell multi-omics, 9) epigenomic analysis, 10) gene network inference, 11) prioritization of cell subpopulations, 12) integrative analysis of human and mouse sc-RNA-seq data, 13) spatial transcriptomics, and 14) comparison of single cell AD mouse model studies and single cell human AD studies. We also address challenges in using human postmortem and mouse tissues and outline future developments in single cell sequencing data analysis. Importantly, we have implemented our recommended workflow for each major analytic direction and applied them to a large single nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) dataset in AD. Key analytic results are reported while the scripts and the data are shared with the research community through GitHub. In summary, this comprehensive review provides insights into various approaches to analyze single cell sequencing data and offers specific guidelines for study design and a variety of analytic directions. The review and the accompanied software tools will serve as a valuable resource for studying cellular and molecular mechanisms of AD, other diseases, or biological systems at the single cell level.","doi":"10.1186/s13024-022-00517-z","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/32b6be050f55381db926444a08008f15302b3b4d","result_position":21,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":252436702,"title":"HTCA: a database with an in-depth characterization of the single-cell human transcriptome","venue":"Nucleic Acids Res.","year":2022,"authors":["Lu Pan","Shaobo Shan","R. Tremmel","Weiyuan Li","Zehuan Liao","Hangyu Shi","Qishuang Chen","Xiaolu Zhang","Xuexin Li"],"abstract":"Abstract Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) is one of the most used single-cell omics in recent decades. The exponential growth of single-cell data has immense potential for large-scale integration and in-depth explorations that are more representative of the study population. Efforts have been made to consolidate published data, yet extensive characterization is still lacking. Many focused on raw-data database constructions while others concentrate mainly on gene expression queries. Hereby, we present HTCA (www.htcatlas.org), an interactive database constructed based on ∼2.3 million high-quality cells from ∼3000 scRNA-seq samples and comprised in-depth phenotype profiles of 19 healthy adult and matching fetal tissues. HTCA provides a one-stop interactive query to gene signatures, transcription factor (TF) activities, TF motifs, receptor–ligand interactions, enriched gene ontology (GO) terms, etc. across cell types in adult and fetal tissues. At the same time, HTCA encompasses single-cell splicing variant profiles of 16 adult and fetal tissues, spatial transcriptomics profiles of 11 adult and fetal tissues, and single-cell ATAC-sequencing (scATAC-seq) profiles of 27 adult and fetal tissues. Besides, HTCA provides online analysis tools to perform major steps in a typical scRNA-seq analysis. Altogether, HTCA allows real-time explorations of multi-omics adult and fetal phenotypic profiles and provides tools for a flexible scRNA-seq analysis.","doi":"10.1093/nar/gkac791","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cdf0ce6c08f941db0b32be80e62f38dc4c846e04","result_position":22,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":276684599,"title":"Single-Cell Sequencing: Genomic and Transcriptomic Approaches in Cancer Cell Biology","venue":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","year":2025,"authors":["Ana Ortega-Batista","Yanelys Jaén-Alvarado","Dilan Moreno-Labrador","N. Gómez","G. García","Erika N Guerrero"],"abstract":"This article reviews the impact of single-cell sequencing (SCS) on cancer biology research. SCS has revolutionized our understanding of cancer and tumor heterogeneity, clonal evolution, and the complex interplay between cancer cells and tumor microenvironment. SCS provides high-resolution profiling of individual cells in genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic landscapes, facilitating the detection of rare mutations, the characterization of cellular diversity, and the integration of molecular data with phenotypic traits. The integration of SCS with multi-omics has provided a multidimensional view of cellular states and regulatory mechanisms in cancer, uncovering novel regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Advances in computational tools, artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning have been crucial in interpreting the vast amounts of data generated, leading to the identification of new biomarkers and the development of predictive models for patient stratification. Furthermore, there have been emerging technologies such as spatial transcriptomics and in situ sequencing, which promise to further enhance our understanding of tumor microenvironment organization and cellular interactions. As SCS and its related technologies continue to advance, they are expected to drive significant advances in personalized cancer diagnostics, prognosis, and therapy, ultimately improving patient outcomes in the era of precision oncology.","doi":"10.3390/ijms26052074","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8b38b69885e5e53fa9260297634ff329303ec057","result_position":23,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":258331889,"title":"Representing and extracting knowledge from single-cell data","venue":"Biophysical Reviews","year":2023,"authors":["Ionut Sebastian Mihai","Sarang Chafle","J. Henriksson"],"abstract":"Single-cell analysis is currently one of the most high-resolution techniques to study biology. The large complex datasets that have been generated have spurred numerous developments in computational biology, in particular the use of advanced statistics and machine learning. This review attempts to explain the deeper theoretical concepts that underpin current state-of-the-art analysis methods. Single-cell analysis is covered from cell, through instruments, to current and upcoming models. The aim of this review is to spread concepts which are not yet in common use, especially from topology and generative processes, and how new statistical models can be developed to capture more of biology. This opens epistemological questions regarding our ontology and models, and some pointers will be given to how natural language processing (NLP) may help overcome our cognitive limitations for understanding single-cell data.","doi":"10.1007/s12551-023-01091-4","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7563ff1d1a150d8a5720370dad25a7b2c6f0e7dd","result_position":24,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":244772861,"title":"Redefining intestinal immunity with single-cell transcriptomics","venue":"Mucosal Immunology","year":2021,"authors":["K. James","R. Elmentaite","S. Teichmann","G. Hold"],"abstract":"The intestinal immune system represents the largest collection of immune cells in the body and is continually exposed to antigens from food and the microbiota. Here we discuss the contribution of single-cell transcriptomics in shaping our understanding of this complex system. We consider the impact on resolving early intestine development, engagement with the neighbouring microbiota, diversity of intestinal immune cells, compartmentalisation within the intestines and interactions with non-immune cells. Finally, we offer a perspective on open questions about gut immunity that evolving single-cell technologies are well placed to address.","doi":"10.1038/s41385-021-00470-y","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/20edae40df77682764a0124403ab39bca5a9e53e","result_position":25,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":260530311,"title":"Interactive analysis of single-cell data using flexible workflows with SCTK2","venue":"Patterns","year":2023,"authors":["Yichen Wang","Irzam Sarfraz","Nida Pervaiz","R. Hong","Y. Koga","V. Akavoor","Xinyun Cao","Salam Alabdullatif","Syed Ali Shah Zaib","Zhe Wang","Frederick Jansen","Masanao Yajima","W. E. Johnson","J. D. Campbell"],"abstract":"Summary Analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data can reveal novel insights into the heterogeneity of complex biological systems. Many tools and workflows have been developed to perform different types of analyses. However, these tools are spread across different packages or programming environments, rely on different underlying data structures, and can only be utilized by people with knowledge of programming languages. In the Single-Cell Toolkit 2 (SCTK2), we have integrated a variety of popular tools and workflows to perform various aspects of scRNA-seq analysis. All tools and workflows can be run in the R console or using an intuitive graphical user interface built with R/Shiny. HTML reports generated with Rmarkdown can be used to document and recapitulate individual steps or entire analysis workflows. We show that the toolkit offers more features when compared with existing tools and allows for a seamless analysis of scRNA-seq data for non-computational users.","doi":"10.1016/j.patter.2023.100814","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/40284001ec42ce23ff3998b954d34ef37ef103bb","result_position":26,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":221671384,"title":"An era of single-cell genomics consortia","venue":"Experimental and Molecular Medicine","year":2020,"authors":["Yoshinari Ando","A. T. Kwon","Jay W. Shin"],"abstract":"The human body consists of 37 trillion single cells represented by over 50 organs that are stitched together to make us who we are, yet we still have very little understanding about the basic units of our body: what cell types and states make up our organs both compositionally and spatially. Previous efforts to profile a wide range of human cell types have been attempted by the FANTOM and GTEx consortia. Now, with the advancement in genomic technologies, profiling the human body at single-cell resolution is possible and will generate an unprecedented wealth of data that will accelerate basic and clinical research with tangible applications to future medicine. To date, several major organs have been profiled, but the challenges lie in ways to integrate single-cell genomics data in a meaningful way. In recent years, several consortia have begun to introduce harmonization and equity in data collection and analysis. Herein, we introduce existing and nascent single-cell genomics consortia, and present benefits to necessitate single-cell genomic consortia in a regional environment to achieve the universal human cell reference dataset. Profiling the human body at the single cell resolution will reveal a map to enable researchers to compare cell types that are found in healthy and disease tissues at a much finer resolution. Large international projects such as FANTOM (Functional ANnoTation Of the Mammalian genome) and GTEx (Genotype-Tissue Expression) have profiled gene expression in hundreds of human cell types. However, the data were obtained from ‘bulk’ samples. The possibility of sequencing large numbers of single cells at a reasonable cost offers the opportunity to create a much more detailed human cell reference map. Jay Shin, at the RIKEN Institute, Yokohama, Japan, and colleagues review rapidly growing single cell genomics consortia and highlight the advantages of initiating national collaborations to harmonize procedures and to obtain a more accurate representation of regional ethnic diversity.","doi":"10.1038/s12276-020-0409-x","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fc6c2296466d979680f59251edaac83afed0f3ef","result_position":27,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":272395257,"title":"Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing: Opening New Horizons for Breast Cancer Research","venue":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","year":2024,"authors":["L. Xiang","Jie Rao","Jingping Yuan","T. Xie","Honglin Yan"],"abstract":"Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignant tumor among women with high heterogeneity. Traditional techniques frequently struggle to comprehensively capture the intricacy and variety of cellular states and interactions within breast cancer. As global precision medicine rapidly advances, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has become a highly effective technique, revolutionizing breast cancer research by offering unprecedented insights into the cellular heterogeneity and complexity of breast cancer. This cutting-edge technology facilitates the analysis of gene expression profiles at the single-cell level, uncovering diverse cell types and states within the tumor microenvironment. By dissecting the cellular composition and transcriptional signatures of breast cancer cells, scRNA-seq provides new perspectives for understanding the mechanisms behind tumor therapy, drug resistance and metastasis in breast cancer. In this review, we summarized the working principle and workflow of scRNA-seq and emphasized the major applications and discoveries of scRNA-seq in breast cancer research, highlighting its impact on our comprehension of breast cancer biology and its potential for guiding personalized treatment strategies.","doi":"10.3390/ijms25179482","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1d20b5e78664c0194ad04247bdfc15101c7c5f63","result_position":28,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":279111026,"title":"scDown: A Pipeline for Single-Cell RNA-Seq Downstream Analysis","venue":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","year":2025,"authors":["Liang Sun","Qianyi Ma","Chunhui Cai","Maryam Labaf","Ashish Jain","C. Dias","S. Rockowitz","Piotr Sliz"],"abstract":"Single-cell transcriptomics data are analyzed using two popular tools, Seurat and Scanpy. Multiple separate tools are used downstream of Seurat and Scanpy cell annotation to study cell differentiation and communication, including cell proportion difference analysis between conditions, pseudotime and trajectory analyses to study cell transition, and cell–cell communication analysis. To automate the integrative cell differentiation and communication analyses of single-cell RNA-seq data, we developed a single-cell RNA-seq downstream analysis pipeline called “scDown”. This R package includes cell proportion difference analysis, cell–cell communication analysis, pseudotime analysis, and RNA velocity analysis. Both Seurat and Scanpy annotated single-cell RNA-seq data are accepted in this pipeline. We applied scDown to a published dataset and identified a unique, previously undiscovered signature of neuronal inflammatory signaling associated with a rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorder. These findings were not identified with a simple implementation of Seurat differential gene expression analysis, illustrating the value of our pipeline in biological discovery. scDown can be broadly utilized in downstream analyses of scRNA-seq data, particularly in rare diseases.","doi":"10.3390/ijms26115297","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7a1e8ae4a492d3d51dbc63a53da3ef81d0d403f7","result_position":29,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":261448706,"title":"ScRNAPip: A systematic and dynamic pipeline for single‐cell RNA sequencing analysis","venue":"iMeta","year":2023,"authors":["Limin Xu","Jing Zhang","Yiqian He","Qianqian Yang","T. Mu","Qiushi Guo","Yingqiang Li","T. Tong","Shifu Chen","R. Ye"],"abstract":"Abstract With the advancement of sequencing technology, cell separation, and whole‐genome amplification techniques, single cell technology for genome sequencing is emerging gradually. In comparison to traditional genome sequencing at the multi‐cellular level, single‐cell sequencing can not only measure the gene expression level more accurately but also can detect a small amount of gene expression or rare noncoding RNA. This technology has garnered increasing interest among researchers engaged in single‐cell studies in recent years. Here, we developed a reproducible computational workflow for scRNA‐seq data analysis which including tasks like quality control, normalization, data correction, pseudotime analysis, copy number analysis, etc. We illustrate the application of these steps using publicly available datasets and provide practical recommendations for their implementation. This study serves as a comprehensive tutorial for researchers keen on single‐cell data analysis, aiding users in constructing and refining their own analysis pipelines.","doi":"10.1002/imt2.132","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/758570c7043b446b1e3cf0db2f661010509e0d0e","result_position":30,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":244448582,"title":"sc2MeNetDrug: A computational tool to uncover inter-cell signaling targets and identify relevant drugs based on single cell RNA-seq data","venue":"bioRxiv","year":2021,"authors":["Jiarui Feng","S. Goedegebuure","Amanda Zeng","Y. Bi","Ting Wang","Philip R. O. Payne","L. Ding","D. DeNardo","W. Hawkins","R. Fields","Fuhai Li"],"abstract":"Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a powerful technology to investigate the transcriptional programs in stromal, immune, and disease cells, like tumor cells or neurons within the Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) brain or tumor microenvironment (ME) or niche. Cell-cell communications within ME play important roles in disease progression and immunotherapy response and are novel and critical therapeutic targets. Though many tools of scRNA-seq analysis have been developed to investigate the heterogeneity and sub-populations of cells, few were designed for uncovering cell-cell communications of ME and predicting the potentially effective drugs to inhibit the communications. Moreover, the data analysis processes of discovering signaling communication networks and effective drugs using scRNA-seq data are complex and involve a set of critical analysis processes and external supportive data resources, which are difficult for researchers who have no strong computational background and training in scRNA-seq data analysis. To address these challenges, in this study, we developed a novel open-source computational tool, sc2MeNetDrug (https://fuhaililab.github.io/sc2MeNetDrug/). It was specifically designed using scRNA-seq data to identify cell types within disease MEs, uncover the dysfunctional signaling pathways within individual cell types and interactions among different cell types, and predict effective drugs that can potentially disrupt cell-cell signaling communications. sc2MeNetDrug provided a user-friendly graphical user interface to encapsulate the data analysis modules, which can facilitate the scRNA-seq data-based discovery of novel inter-cell signaling communications and novel therapeutic regimens.","doi":"10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011785","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3e6d6030ce19825dae79d5a8ab9a137fad909af2","result_position":31,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":218766630,"title":"Integrated Computational Pipeline for Single-Cell Genomic Profiling","venue":"JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics","year":2020,"authors":["Lubomir Chorbadjiev","J. Kendall","Joan Alexander","Viacheslav Zhygulin","Junyan Song","M. Wigler","A. Krasnitz"],"abstract":"PURPOSE Copy-number profiling of multiple individual cells from sparse sequencing may be used to reveal a detailed picture of genomic heterogeneity and clonal organization in a tissue biopsy specimen. We sought to provide a comprehensive computational pipeline for single-cell genomics, to facilitate adoption of this molecular technology for basic and translational research. MATERIALS AND METHODS The pipeline comprises software tools programmed in Python and in R and depends on Bowtie, HISAT2, Matplotlib, and Qt. It is installed and used with Anaconda. RESULTS Here we describe a complete pipeline for sparse single-cell genomic data, encompassing all steps of single-nucleus DNA copy-number profiling, from raw sequence processing to clonal structure analysis and visualization. For the latter, a specialized graphical user interface termed the single-cell genome viewer (SCGV) is provided. With applications to cancer diagnostics in mind, the SCGV allows for zooming and linkage to the University of California at Santa Cruz Genome Browser from each of the multiple integrated views of single-cell copy-number profiles. The latter can be organized by clonal substructure or by any of the associated metadata such as anatomic location and histologic characterization. CONCLUSION The pipeline is available as open-source software for Linux and OS X. Its modular structure, extensive documentation, and ease of deployment using Anaconda facilitate its adoption by researchers and practitioners of single-cell genomics. With open-source availability and Massachusetts Institute of Technology licensing, it provides a basis for additional development by the cancer bioinformatics community.","doi":"10.1200/CCI.19.00171","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6c6e4b6a53c7f1692e4d4df54eb47509d871ef9a","result_position":32,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":232327611,"title":"SCAPTURE: a deep learning-embedded pipeline that captures polyadenylation information from 3′ tag-based RNA-seq of single cells","venue":"Genome Biology","year":2021,"authors":["Guo-Wei Li","Fang Nan","Guoliang Yuan","Chu-Xiao Liu","Xindong Liu","Ling-Ling Chen","Bin Tian","Li Yang"],"abstract":"Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) profiles gene expression with high resolution. Here, we develop a stepwise computational method-called SCAPTURE to identify, evaluate, and quantify cleavage and polyadenylation sites (PASs) from 3′ tag-based scRNA-seq. SCAPTURE detects PASs de novo in single cells with high sensitivity and accuracy, enabling detection of previously unannotated PASs. Quantified alternative PAS transcripts refine cell identity analysis beyond gene expression, enriching information extracted from scRNA-seq data. Using SCAPTURE, we show changes of PAS usage in PBMCs from infected versus healthy individuals at single-cell resolution.","doi":"10.1186/s13059-021-02437-5","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5c5863ebf87e483e98afdbd4ec22c8eff7a8ab99","result_position":33,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":51942532,"title":"Single-cell RNA sequencing technologies and bioinformatics pipelines","venue":"Experimental and Molecular Medicine","year":2018,"authors":["Byungjin Hwang","J. Lee","Duhee Bang"],"abstract":"Rapid progress in the development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies in recent years has provided many valuable insights into complex biological systems, ranging from cancer genomics to diverse microbial communities. NGS-based technologies for genomics, transcriptomics, and epigenomics are now increasingly focused on the characterization of individual cells. These single-cell analyses will allow researchers to uncover new and potentially unexpected biological discoveries relative to traditional profiling methods that assess bulk populations. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), for example, can reveal complex and rare cell populations, uncover regulatory relationships between genes, and track the trajectories of distinct cell lineages in development. In this review, we will focus on technical challenges in single-cell isolation and library preparation and on computational analysis pipelines available for analyzing scRNA-seq data. Further technical improvements at the level of molecular and cell biology and in available bioinformatics tools will greatly facilitate both the basic science and medical applications of these sequencing technologies. Showing which genes are expressed, or switched on, in individual cells may help to reveal the first signs of disease. Each cell in an organism contains the same genetic information, but cell type and behavior depend on which genes are expressed. Previously, researchers could only sequence cells in batches, averaging the results, but technological improvements now allow sequencing of the genes expressed in an individual cell, known as single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Ji Hyun Lee (Kyung Hee University, Seoul) and Duhee Bang and Byungjin Hwang (Yonsei University, Seoul) have reviewed the available scRNA-seq technologies and the strategies available to analyze the large quantities of data produced. They conclude that scRNA-seq will impact both basic and medical science, from illuminating drug resistance in cancer to revealing the complex pathways of cell differentiation during development.","doi":"10.1038/s12276-018-0071-8","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/219bee9fde1303f423fac52ff373f19552c60d53","result_position":34,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":270371816,"title":"Advances in Machine Learning, Statistical Methods, and AI for Single-Cell RNA Annotation Using Raw Count Matrices in scRNA-seq Data","venue":"","year":2024,"authors":["M. Patel","Nimish Magre","H.V. Motwani","N. Brown"],"abstract":"Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has revolutionized our ability to analyze gene expression at the resolution of individual cells, providing unprecedented insights into cellular heterogeneity and complex biological systems. This paper reviews various advanced computational and machine learning techniques tailored for the analysis of scRNA-seq data, emphasizing their roles in different stages of the data processing pipeline.","doi":"","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/48594592acd1500bd78e99d6655d7fcf44e49944","result_position":35,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":264146575,"title":"Graph neural network approaches for single-cell data: a recent overview","venue":"Neural computing & applications (Print)","year":2023,"authors":["Konstantinos Lazaros","Dimitrios E Koumadorakis","Vlamos","Aristidis G. Vrahatis"],"abstract":"Graph neural networks (GNNs) are reshaping our understanding of biomedicine and diseases by revealing the deep connections among genes and cells. As both algorithmic and biomedical technologies have advanced significantly, we are entering a transformative phase of personalized medicine. While pioneering tools like graph attention networks (GATs) and graph convolutional neural networks (Graph CNN) are advancing graph-based learning, the rise of single-cell sequencing techniques is reshaping our insights on cellular diversity and function. Numerous studies have combined GNNs with single-cell data, showing promising results. In this work, we highlight the GNN methodologies tailored for single-cell data over the recent years. We outline the diverse range of graph deep learning architectures that center on GAT methodologies. Furthermore, we underscore the several objectives of GNN strategies in single-cell data contexts, ranging from cell-type annotation, data integration and imputation, gene regulatory network reconstruction, clustering and many others. This review anticipates a future where GNNs become central to single-cell analysis efforts, particularly as vast omics datasets are continuously generated and the interconnectedness of cells and genes enhances our depth of knowledge in biomedicine.","doi":"10.1007/s00521-024-09662-6","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9218c364519e9f6b707e32f7a420fcdb00d71d94","result_position":36,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":222148956,"title":"A semi-automatic cell type annotation method for single-cell RNA sequencing dataset","venue":"Genomics & Informatics","year":2020,"authors":["Wan Kim","Sung Min Yoon","Sangsoo Kim"],"abstract":"Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has been widely applied to provide insights into the cell-by-cell expression difference in a given bulk sample. Accordingly, numerous analysis methods have been developed. As it involves simultaneous analyses of many cell and genes, efficiency of the methods is crucial. The conventional cell type annotation method is laborious and subjective. Here we propose a semi-automatic method that calculates a normalized score for each cell type based on user-supplied cell type–specific marker gene list. The method was applied to a publicly available scRNA-seq data of mouse cardiac non-myocyte cell pool. Annotating the 35 t-stochastic neighbor embedding clusters into 12 cell types was straightforward, and its accuracy was evaluated by constructing co-expression network for each cell type. Gene Ontology analysis was congruent with the annotated cell type and the corollary regulatory network analysis showed upstream transcription factors that have well supported literature evidences. The source code is available as an R script upon request.","doi":"10.5808/GI.2020.18.3.e26","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e666e0833a62e02984cd47a778f665e47283d195","result_position":37,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":255577520,"title":"An era of single-cell genomics consortia","venue":"Experimental and Molecular Medicine","year":2020,"authors":["Yoshinari Ando","A. T. Kwon","Jay W. Shin"],"abstract":"The human body consists of 37 trillion single cells represented by over 50 organs that are stitched together to make us who we are, yet we still have very little understanding about the basic units of our body: what cell types and states make up our organs both compositionally and spatially. Previous efforts to profile a wide range of human cell types have been attempted by the FANTOM and GTEx consortia. Now, with the advancement in genomic technologies, profiling the human body at single-cell resolution is possible and will generate an unprecedented wealth of data that will accelerate basic and clinical research with tangible applications to future medicine. To date, several major organs have been profiled, but the challenges lie in ways to integrate single-cell genomics data in a meaningful way. In recent years, several consortia have begun to introduce harmonization and equity in data collection and analysis. Herein, we introduce existing and nascent single-cell genomics consortia, and present benefits to necessitate single-cell genomic consortia in a regional environment to achieve the universal human cell reference dataset. Profiling the human body at the single cell resolution will reveal a map to enable researchers to compare cell types that are found in healthy and disease tissues at a much finer resolution. Large international projects such as FANTOM (Functional ANnoTation Of the Mammalian genome) and GTEx (Genotype-Tissue Expression) have profiled gene expression in hundreds of human cell types. However, the data were obtained from ‘bulk’ samples. The possibility of sequencing large numbers of single cells at a reasonable cost offers the opportunity to create a much more detailed human cell reference map. Jay Shin, at the RIKEN Institute, Yokohama, Japan, and colleagues review rapidly growing single cell genomics consortia and highlight the advantages of initiating national collaborations to harmonize procedures and to obtain a more accurate representation of regional ethnic diversity.","doi":"10.1038/s12276-020-0409-x","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/15060677c7e575bd32b68d6f9fad963970ebfac3","result_position":38,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":231960440,"title":"Automated methods for cell type annotation on scRNA-seq data","venue":"Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal","year":2021,"authors":["G. Pasquini","J. E. Rojo Arias","P. Schäfer","V. Busskamp"],"abstract":"The advent of single-cell sequencing started a new era of transcriptomic and genomic research, advancing our knowledge of the cellular heterogeneity and dynamics. Cell type annotation is a crucial step in analyzing single-cell RNA sequencing data, yet manual annotation is time-consuming and partially subjective. As an alternative, tools have been developed for automatic cell type identification. Different strategies have emerged to ultimately associate gene expression profiles of single cells with a cell type either by using curated marker gene databases, correlating reference expression data, or transferring labels by supervised classification. In this review, we present an overview of the available tools and the underlying approaches to perform automated cell type annotations on scRNA-seq data.","doi":"10.1016/j.csbj.2021.01.015","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/602cd2d54b0fcbff07bcbef0b19303632df04fe1","result_position":39,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":271642150,"title":"MAMS: matrix and analysis metadata standards to facilitate harmonization and reproducibility of single-cell data","venue":"Genome Biology","year":2024,"authors":["Irzam Sarfraz","Yichen Wang","Amulya Shastry","Wei Kheng Teh","Artem Sokolov","Brian R. Herb","H. Creasy","Isaac Virshup","R. Dries","Kylee Degatano","A. Mahurkar","Daniel Schnell","Pedro Madrigal","Jason A. Hilton","Nils Gehlenborg","Timothy Tickle","Joshua D. Campbell"],"abstract":"Many datasets are being produced by consortia that seek to characterize healthy and disease tissues at single-cell resolution. While biospecimen and experimental information is often captured, detailed metadata standards related to data matrices and analysis workflows are currently lacking. To address this, we develop the matrix and analysis metadata standards (MAMS) to serve as a resource for data centers, repositories, and tool developers. We define metadata fields for matrices and parameters commonly utilized in analytical workflows and developed the rmams package to extract MAMS from single-cell objects. Overall, MAMS promotes the harmonization, integration, and reproducibility of single-cell data across platforms.","doi":"10.1186/s13059-024-03349-w","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4a955423d0b2ec5683abe6a38f8337e4829c241f","result_position":40,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":265228541,"title":"SCInter: A comprehensive single-cell transcriptome integration database for human and mouse","venue":"Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal","year":2023,"authors":["Jun Zhao","Yuezhu Wang","Chenchen Feng","Mingxue Yin","Yu Gao","Ling Wei","Chao Song","B. Ai","Qiuyu Wang","Jian Zhang","Jiang Zhu","Chunquan Li"],"abstract":"Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), which profiles gene expression at the cellular level, has effectively explored cell heterogeneity and reconstructed developmental trajectories. With the increasing research on diseases and biological processes, scRNA-seq datasets are accumulating rapidly, highlighting the urgent need for collecting and processing these data to support comprehensive and effective annotation and analysis. Here, we have developed a comprehensive Single-Cell transcriptome integration database for human and mouse (SCInter, https://bio.liclab.net/SCInter/index.php), which aims to provide a manually curated database that supports the provision of gene expression profiles across various cell types at the sample level. The current version of SCInter includes 115 integrated datasets and 1016 samples, covering nearly 150 tissues/cell lines. It contains 8016,646 cell markers in 457 identified cell types. SCInter enabled comprehensive analysis of cataloged single-cell data encompassing quality control (QC), clustering, cell markers, multi-method cell type automatic annotation, predicting cell differentiation trajectories and so on. At the same time, SCInter provided a user-friendly interface to query, browse, analyze and visualize each integrated dataset and single cell sample, along with comprehensive QC reports and processing results. It will facilitate the identification of cell type in different cell subpopulations and explore developmental trajectories, enhancing the study of cell heterogeneity in the fields of immunology and oncology.","doi":"10.1016/j.csbj.2023.11.024","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/742cb36e9e79dca6b2b7c10044ae3824325d22db","result_position":41,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":278148723,"title":"Mapping immune cell dynamics and macrophage plasticity in breast cancer tumor microenvironment through single-cell analysis","venue":"Discover Oncology","year":2025,"authors":["Wang Chen","Siyu Zeng","Junyong Zhong","Jian Zou","Yanli Lei","Xiaohan Chen","Qinghua Mei","Qianhua Luo"],"abstract":"Breast cancer (BRCA) is a complex disease influenced by the tumor microenvironment, where interactions between immune cells and cancer cells play a crucial role in tumor progression and response to therapy. Understanding the intricacies of these interactions requires detailed analysis at the single-cell level, enabling the identification of specific immune cell subpopulations and their functional roles within the tumor milieu. This study comprehensively analyzed immune cell subpopulations and macrophage subtypes in BRCA using single-cell RNA sequencing technology and various computational tools. Initially, Sc-Type software accurately identified and annotated immune cell subpopulations, followed by CNV analysis using infercnv software, revealing significant CNV variations in epithelial cells. Subsequently, macrophages were re-clustered into 5 clusters, and their biological significance and functional features were assessed. CellChat analysis elucidated potential interactions between macrophage subtypes and BRCA cells, primarily through SPP1-CD44 and LGALS9-CD44 signaling networks. Additionally, CytoTRACE and Monocle were employed to analyze cellular plasticity and differentiation trajectories of macrophage subtypes. Furthermore, efferocytosis-related gene set scoring, transcription factor analysis, and risk score development were conducted, followed by immune infiltration and tumor mutation burden analysis, revealing increased immune infiltration and higher TMB levels in the high-risk group. These findings offer crucial insights into the interaction mechanisms of immune cells and macrophage subtypes within the BRCA tumor microenvironment, aiding in the understanding of tumor progression and therapeutic interventions.","doi":"10.1007/s12672-025-02419-0","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/61362329e16982a536f86bb6af1a06a1e1ff5d77","result_position":42,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":279529608,"title":"Integrating Artificial Intelligence in Next-Generation Sequencing: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions","venue":"Current Issues in Molecular Biology","year":2025,"authors":["Konstantina Athanasopoulou","V. Michalopoulou","Andreas Scorilas","P. Adamopoulos"],"abstract":"The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized genomics, offering unprecedented advancements in data analysis, accuracy, and scalability. This review explores the synergistic relationship between AI and NGS, highlighting its transformative impact across genomic research and clinical applications. AI-driven tools, including machine learning and deep learning, enhance every aspect of NGS workflows—from experimental design and wet-lab automation to bioinformatics analysis of the generated raw data. Key applications of AI integration in NGS include variant calling, epigenomic profiling, transcriptomics, and single-cell sequencing, where AI models such as CNNs, RNNs, and hybrid architectures outperform traditional methods. In cancer research, AI enables precise tumor subtyping, biomarker discovery, and personalized therapy prediction, while in drug discovery, it accelerates target identification and repurposing. Despite these advancements, challenges persist, including data heterogeneity, model interpretability, and ethical concerns. This review also discusses the emerging role of AI in third-generation sequencing (TGS), addressing long-read-specific challenges, like fast and accurate basecalling, as well as epigenetic modification detection. Future directions should focus on implementing federated learning to address data privacy, advancing interpretable AI to improve clinical trust and developing unified frameworks for seamless integration of multi-modal omics data. By fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, AI promises to unlock new frontiers in precision medicine, making genomic insights more actionable and scalable.","doi":"10.3390/cimb47060470","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/180728d603923b8e1d949771cc400485d48b8655","result_position":43,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":246942965,"title":"Isolating and cryopreserving pig skin cells for single-cell RNA sequencing study","venue":"PLoS ONE","year":2022,"authors":["Ling Han","C. P. Jara","O. Wang","Yu Shi","Xinran Wu","S. Thibivilliers","Rafał K Wóycicki","M. A. Carlson","W. Velander","E. P. Araújo","Marc Libault","Chi Zhang","Y. Lei"],"abstract":"The pig skin architecture and physiology are similar to those of humans. Thus, the pig model is very valuable for studying skin biology and testing therapeutics. The single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology allows quantitatively analyzing cell types, compositions, states, signaling, and receptor-ligand interactome at single-cell resolution and at high throughput. scRNA-seq has been used to study mouse and human skins. However, studying pig skin with scRNA-seq is still rare. A critical step for successful scRNA-seq is to obtain high-quality single cells from the pig skin tissue. Here we report a robust method for isolating and cryopreserving pig skin single cells for scRNA-seq. We showed that pig skin could be efficiently dissociated into single cells with high cell viability using the Miltenyi Human Whole Skin Dissociation kit and the Miltenyi gentleMACS Dissociator. Furthermore, the obtained single cells could be cryopreserved using 90% FBS + 10% DMSO without causing additional cell death, cell aggregation, or changes in gene expression profiles. Using the developed protocol, we were able to identify all the major skin cell types. The protocol and results from this study are valuable for the skin research scientific community.","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0263869","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/93a4b6af3a4fcdf3d9b9e33940bad10135b97b4e","result_position":44,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":266056682,"title":"SingleScan: a comprehensive resource for single-cell sequencing data processing and mining","venue":"BMC Bioinformatics","year":2023,"authors":["Kun Wang","Xiao Zhang","Hansen Cheng","Wenhao Ma","Guangchao Bao","Liting Dong","Yixiong Gou","Jian Yang","Haoyang Cai"],"abstract":"Single-cell sequencing has shed light on previously inaccessible biological questions from different fields of research, including organism development, immune function, and disease progression. The number of single-cell-based studies increased dramatically over the past decade. Several new methods and tools have been continuously developed, making it extremely tricky to navigate this research landscape and develop an up-to-date workflow to analyze single-cell sequencing data, particularly for researchers seeking to enter this field without computational experience. Moreover, choosing appropriate tools and optimal parameters to meet the demands of researchers represents a major challenge in processing single-cell sequencing data. However, a specific resource for easy access to detailed information on single-cell sequencing methods and data processing pipelines is still lacking. In the present study, an online resource called SingleScan was developed to curate all up-to-date single-cell transcriptome/genome analyzing tools and pipelines. All the available tools were categorized according to their main tasks, and several typical workflows for single-cell data analysis were summarized. In addition, spatial transcriptomics, which is a breakthrough molecular analysis method that enables researchers to measure all gene activity in tissue samples and map the site of activity, was included along with a portion of single-cell and spatial analysis solutions. For each processing step, the available tools and specific parameters used in published articles are provided and how these parameters affect the results is shown in the resource. All information used in the resource was manually extracted from related literature. An interactive website was designed for data retrieval, visualization, and download. By analyzing the included tools and literature, users can gain insights into the trends of single-cell studies and easily grasp the specific usage of a specific tool. SingleScan will facilitate the analysis of single-cell sequencing data and promote the development of new tools to meet the growing and diverse needs of the research community. The SingleScan database is publicly accessible via the website at http://cailab.labshare.cn/SingleScan .","doi":"10.1186/s12859-023-05590-9","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/17acf471a92fb3014696179342bba660f465dc23","result_position":45,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":274855281,"title":"Biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets driving progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis to hepatocellular carcinoma predicted through transcriptomic analysis","venue":"Frontiers in Immunology","year":2024,"authors":["Hui Fan","Rong Wang","Bin Wen","Jing Xiong"],"abstract":"Background Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the most prevalent chronic liver condition globally, with potential progression to cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The increasing prevalence of NASH underscores the urgent need for advanced diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Despite its widespread impact, effective treatments to prevent the progression of NASH remain elusive, highlighting the critical importance of innovative molecular techniques in both the diagnosis and management of this disease. Methods Six microarray datasets available in GEO were used to perform Robust Rank Aggregation (RRA) to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs).We identified 62 robust upregulated genes and 24 robust downregulated genes. These genes were undergone Gene Ontology enrichment analysis and further examination for expression correlation with NAS score. Molecular subtypes were generated using “ConsensusClusterPlus” on identified genes, which were further assessed for tumor stage relevance, expression differences in adjacent and tumor tissues, and impact on survival in TCGA liver cancer patients. Single-cell analysis was then used to explore the genes across different cell types and subgroups as well as cell-type interactions. The clinical utility of predicted core genes was highlighted through decision curve analysis, with emphasis on HCC prognosis. The GDSC database was used to evaluate the relationship between the predicted core genes and drug sensitivity, while the TIDE database was used to evaluate their relationship with immunotherapy. Results Four core genes, TREM2, GDF15, TTC39A, and ANXA2, were identified as key to influencing HCC prognosis and therapy responsiveness, especially immune treatment efficacy in NASH-associated HCC. Conclusion The core genes may act as critical biomarkers driving the progression of NASH to HCC. They are potential novel targets for the diagnosis and treatment of NASH progression, offering innovative perspectives for its clinical management.","doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2024.1502263","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d779c7e99d5bd3961c73f9b1c0802f0c7b38a274","result_position":46,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":275142560,"title":"Turning attention to tumor–host interface and focus on the peritumoral heterogeneity of glioblastoma","venue":"Nature Communications","year":2024,"authors":["Fang Wang","Jiawei Dong","Yuyun Xu","Jiaqi Jin","Yan Xu","Xiuwei Yan","Zhihui Liu","Hongtao Zhao","Jiheng Zhang","Nan Wang","Xueyan Hu","Xin Gao","Lei Xu","Chengyun Yang","Shuai Ma","Jianyang Du","Ying Hu","Hang Ji","Shaoshan Hu"],"abstract":"Approximately 90% of glioblastoma recurrences occur in the peritumoral brain zone (PBZ), while the spatial heterogeneity of the PBZ is not well studied. In this study, two PBZ tissues and one tumor tissue sample are obtained from each patient via preoperative imaging. We assess the microenvironment and the characteristics of infiltrating immune/tumor cells using various techniques. Our data indicate there are one or more regions with higher cerebral blood flow in PBZ, which we collectively name the “higher cerebral blood flow interface” (HBI). The HBI exhibited more neovascularization than the “lower cerebral blood flow interfaces” (LBI). The HBI tend to have increased infiltration of macrophages and T lymphocytes infiltration compared with that in LBI. There are more tumor cells in the HBI than in LBI, with substantial differences in the gene expression profiles of these tumor cells. HBI may be the key area of PBZ-targeting therapy after surgical resection. The spatial heterogeneity of peritumoral brain zone (PBZ) in glioblastoma, where 90% of reoccurrence occurs, remains poorly characterised. Here, the authors suggest that high cerebral blood flow regions in the PBZ are the main regions of tumour and immune cell infiltration.","doi":"10.1038/s41467-024-55243-5","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1332adb107deebc84becc80e062e225cebcbced2","result_position":47,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":259976047,"title":"BERLIN: Basic Explorer for single-cell RNAseq analysis and cell Lineage Determination","venue":"bioRxiv","year":2023,"authors":["Gabrielle Nobles","Alyssa N. Obermayer","C. Yang","T. Zelenka","Thanh N Nugyen","Zhihua Chen","José R. Conejo-Garcia","D. Avram","Xiao-yuan Yu","Y. A. Chen","Timothy I. Shaw"],"abstract":"Single-cell RNA sequencing has revolutionized the study of immuno-oncology, cancer biology, and developmental biology by enabling the joint characterization of gene expression and cellular heterogeneity in a single platform. As of July 2023, the Gene Expression Omnibus now contains over 4000 published single-cell data sets, providing an invaluable opportunity for reanalysis to identify new cell types or cellular states as well as their defining transcriptional programs. To facilitate the reprocessing of these public datasets, we have devised a single-cell RNA sequencing analysis framework for data retrieval, quality control, expression normalization, dimension reduction, cell clustering, and data integration. Additionally, we have developed a Shiny App visualization platform that enables the exploration of gene expression, cell type annotations, and cell lineages through a user interface. We performed a re-analysis of single-cell RNAseq data generated from acute myeloid leukemia and tumor-reactive lymphocytes and found our pipeline to faithfully recapitulated the cell type assignment as well as expected lineage trajectories. Altogether, we present BERLIN, a single-cell RNAseq analysis pipeline that facilitates the integration and public dissemination of results from the reanalysis.","doi":"10.1101/2023.07.13.548919","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0337201592a549c0d88ba16bb2b8e2f4ef421b83","result_position":48,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":252899083,"title":"Benchmarking automated cell type annotation tools for single-cell ATAC-seq data","venue":"bioRxiv","year":2022,"authors":["Yuge Wang","Xingzhi Sun","Hongyu Zhao"],"abstract":"As single-cell chromatin accessibility profiling methods advance, scATAC-seq has become ever more important in the study of candidate regulatory genomic regions and their roles underlying developmental, evolutionary and disease processes. At the same time, cell type annotation is critical in understanding the cellular composition of complex tissues and identifying potential novel cell types. However, most existing methods that can perform automated cell type annotation are designed to transfer labels from an annotated scRNA-seq data set to another scRNA-seq data set, and it is not clear whether these methods are adaptable to annotate scATAC-seq data. Several methods have been recently proposed for label transfer from scRNA-seq data to scATAC-seq data, but there is a lack of benchmarking study on the performance of these methods. Here, we evaluated the performance of five scATAC-seq annotation methods on both their classification accuracy and scalability using publicly available single-cell datasets from mouse and human tissues including brain, lung, kidney, PBMC and BMMC. Using the BMMC data as basis, we further investigated the performance of these methods across different data sizes, mislabeling rates, sequencing depths and the number of cell types unique to scATAC-seq. Bridge integration, which is the only method that requires additional multimodal data and does not need gene activity calculation, was overall the best method and robust to changes in data size, mislabeling rate and sequencing depth. Conos was the most time and memory efficient method but performed the worst in terms of prediction accuracy. scJoint tended to assign cells to similar cell types and performed relatively poorly for complex datasets with deep annotations but performed better for datasets only with major label annotations. The performance of scGCN and Seurat v3 was moderate, but scGCN was the most time-consuming method and had the most similar performance to random classifiers for cell types unique to scATAC-seq.","doi":"10.3389/fgene.2022.1063233","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/52e66e929f45459b77cdaef498f16da74628fc68","result_position":49,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":277853556,"title":"Multi-omics Analysis of Histone-related Genes in Osteosarcoma: A Multidimensional Integrated Study Revealing Drug Sensitivity and Immune Microenvironment Characteristics","venue":"Technology in Cancer Research and Treatment","year":2025,"authors":["Yang Yang","Xinqiao Tang","Zhongyang Liu"],"abstract":"Introduction Osteosarcoma (OS) is a highly aggressive primary bone malignancy with poor prognosis. Histone modifications play crucial roles in tumor progression, but their systematic investigation in OS remains unexplored. Methods This study integrated single-cell RNA sequencing data and large-scale clinical information to systematically analyze the spatial heterogeneity of histone modifications in OS and their clinical significance. We employed Seurat for single-cell data analysis, CellChat for cell-cell communication network analysis, and LASSO Cox regression to construct a prognostic model. Additionally, we conducted functional enrichment analysis, immune characteristics analysis, and drug sensitivity prediction. Results We identified five major cell types in the OS microenvironment and discovered significant differences in histone modification levels among different cell types, with osteosarcoma cells and endothelial cells exhibiting higher modification levels. Cell-cell communication network analysis revealed the importance of signaling pathways such as SPP1, CypA, MIF, IGFBP, and VEGF in OS. Based on nine histone modification-related genes, we constructed an efficient prognostic model (AUC values of 0.713, 0.845, and 0.888 for 1-, 3-, and 5-year predictions, respectively), which was validated in an external cohort (AUC = 0.808). Immune microenvironment analysis showed significantly higher proportions of CD8+ T cells and Treg cells in the low-risk group. Drug sensitivity analysis revealed that the low-risk group was more sensitive to Imatinib, Rapamycin, and Sunitinib, while the high-risk group was more sensitive to MAPK pathway inhibitors. Conclusion This study systematically revealed the spatial heterogeneity of histone modifications in OS and their clinical significance for the first time, proposing an “epigenetic-immune” regulatory network hypothesis and developing a histone modification-based prognostic model. Our proposed “epigenetic-guided personalized medication strategy” provides new insights for precision treatment of OS, potentially significantly improving patient prognosis.","doi":"10.1177/15330338251336275","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6671eccdda0af4b6d087484a9677c8829fc4060b","result_position":50,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":245770031,"title":"DISCO: a database of Deeply Integrated human Single-Cell Omics data","venue":"Nucleic Acids Res.","year":2021,"authors":["M. Campbell","Xiaomeng Zhang","Kok Siong Ang","Jin Ling","R. Sethi","N. Lee","F. Ginhoux","Jinmiao Chen"],"abstract":"Abstract The ability to study cellular heterogeneity at single cell resolution is making single-cell sequencing increasingly popular. However, there is no publicly available resource that offers an integrated cell atlas with harmonized metadata that users can integrate new data with. Here, we present DISCO (https://www.immunesinglecell.org/), a database of Deeply Integrated Single-Cell Omics data. The current release of DISCO integrates more than 18 million cells from 4593 samples, covering 107 tissues/cell lines/organoids, 158 diseases, and 20 platforms. We standardized the associated metadata with a controlled vocabulary and ontology system. To allow large scale integration of single-cell data, we developed FastIntegration, a fast and high-capacity version of Seurat Integration. We also developed CELLiD, an atlas guided automatic cell type identification tool. Employing these two tools on the assembled data, we constructed one global atlas and 27 sub-atlases for different tissues, diseases, and cell types. DISCO provides three online tools, namely Online FastIntegration, Online CELLiD, and CellMapper, for users to integrate, annotate, and project uploaded single-cell RNA-seq data onto a selected atlas. Collectively, DISCO is a versatile platform for users to explore published single-cell data and efficiently perform integrated analysis with their own data.","doi":"10.1093/nar/gkab1020","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cd96029fa36555957244d2b336951d2d44652092","result_position":51,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":260408043,"title":"A Review of Single-Cell RNA-Seq Annotation, Integration, and Cell–Cell Communication","venue":"Cells","year":2023,"authors":["Changde Cheng","Wenan Chen","Hongjian Jin","Xiang Chen"],"abstract":"Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has emerged as a powerful tool for investigating cellular biology at an unprecedented resolution, enabling the characterization of cellular heterogeneity, identification of rare but significant cell types, and exploration of cell–cell communications and interactions. Its broad applications span both basic and clinical research domains. In this comprehensive review, we survey the current landscape of scRNA-seq analysis methods and tools, focusing on count modeling, cell-type annotation, data integration, including spatial transcriptomics, and the inference of cell–cell communication. We review the challenges encountered in scRNA-seq analysis, including issues of sparsity or low expression, reliability of cell annotation, and assumptions in data integration, and discuss the potential impact of suboptimal clustering and differential expression analysis tools on downstream analyses, particularly in identifying cell subpopulations. Finally, we discuss recent advancements and future directions for enhancing scRNA-seq analysis. Specifically, we highlight the development of novel tools for annotating single-cell data, integrating and interpreting multimodal datasets covering transcriptomics, epigenomics, and proteomics, and inferring cellular communication networks. By elucidating the latest progress and innovation, we provide a comprehensive overview of the rapidly advancing field of scRNA-seq analysis.","doi":"10.3390/cells12151970","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/179c71b93b9b45a515d77e1423eca1aa10e512ba","result_position":52,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":237353933,"title":"Single‐cell omics: Overview, analysis, and application in biomedical science","venue":"Journal of Cellular Biochemistry","year":2021,"authors":["Catarina M Stein","R. Weiskirchen","F. Damm","P. Strzelecka"],"abstract":"Single‐cell sequencing methods provide the highest resolution insight into cellular heterogeneity. Owing to their rapid growth and decreasing cost, they are now widely accessible to scientists worldwide. Single‐cell technologies enable analysis of a large number of cells, making them powerful tools to characterise rare cell types and refine our understanding of diverse cell states. Moreover, single‐cell application in biomedical sciences helps to unravel mechanisms related to disease pathogenesis and outcome. In this Viewpoint, we briefly describe existing single‐cell methods (genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics, and mulitomics), comment on available analysis tools, and give examples of method applications in the biomedical field.","doi":"10.1002/jcb.30134","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/10aee48025f19121b79b449fa5a36fb4ff3d4d2c","result_position":53,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":279121871,"title":"SCPline: An interactive framework for the single-cell proteomics data preprocessing","venue":"Briefings Bioinform.","year":2025,"authors":["Shangwei Guo","Shengming Zhou","Guohua Wang","Fang Wang"],"abstract":"Abstract Single-cell proteomics has advanced our understanding of cellular complexity by enabling detailed analysis of protein expression at the single-cell level. However, challenges such as data sparsity, variability, and noise require sophisticated computational solutions. SCPline addresses these by offering a comprehensive data preprocessing and analysis platform specifically for single-cell proteomics. It supports mass spectrometry-based, antibody-based, and multi-omics approaches, performing quality screening, normalization, dimensionality reduction, and clustering for each data type (https://bioinform.nefu.edu.cn/ScPline/). Each module includes tailored functions and visualizations for easy quality checks, allowing researchers with limited programming experience to efficiently preprocess data. By streamlining complex workflows, SCPline makes advanced computational tools accessible, enabling researchers to explore cellular heterogeneity and biological states, thus accelerating discoveries in developmental biology, disease pathogenesis, and therapeutic responses. Additionally, SCPline enhances reproducibility and rigor in proteomics research, contributing to breakthroughs in understanding cellular behavior and identifying novel therapeutic targets, shaping the future of biomedical research and precision medicine.","doi":"10.1093/bib/bbaf256","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c59f1d1e2ab054639072bca28ae091c778f528ff","result_position":54,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":252985173,"title":"Development of Single-Cell Transcriptomics and Its Application in COVID-19","venue":"Viruses","year":2022,"authors":["Chaochao Wang","Ting Huyan","Xiaojie Zhou","Xuanshuo Zhang","Suyang Duan","Shane Gao","Shan Jiang","Qi Li"],"abstract":"Over the last three years, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-related health crisis has claimed over six million lives and caused USD 12 trillion losses to the global economy. SARS-CoV-2 continuously mutates and evolves with a high basic reproduction number (R0), resulting in a variety of clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic infection to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and even death. To gain a better understanding of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it is critical to investigate the components that cause various clinical manifestations. Single-cell sequencing has substantial advantages in terms of identifying differentially expressed genes among individual cells, which can provide a better understanding of the various physiological and pathological processes. This article reviewed the use of single-cell transcriptomics in COVID-19 research, examined the immune response disparities generated by SARS-CoV-2, and offered insights regarding how to improve COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment plans.","doi":"10.3390/v14102271","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ab7e8be1b2991523beecdb29e873ed2ef1be7664","result_position":55,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":255990767,"title":"Guidelines for bioinformatics of single-cell sequencing data analysis in Alzheimer’s disease: review, recommendation, implementation and application","venue":"Molecular Neurodegeneration","year":2022,"authors":["Minghui Wang","Won-min Song","Chen Ming","Qian Wang","Xianxiao Zhou","Peng Xu","A. Krek","Yonejung Yoon","L. Ho","Miranda E. Orr","Guo-Cheng Yuan","Bin Zhang"],"abstract":"Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration. Extensive clinical and genomic studies have revealed biomarkers, risk factors, pathways, and targets of AD in the past decade. However, the exact molecular basis of AD development and progression remains elusive. The emerging single-cell sequencing technology can potentially provide cell-level insights into the disease. Here we systematically review the state-of-the-art bioinformatics approaches to analyze single-cell sequencing data and their applications to AD in 14 major directions, including 1) quality control and normalization, 2) dimension reduction and feature extraction, 3) cell clustering analysis, 4) cell type inference and annotation, 5) differential expression, 6) trajectory inference, 7) copy number variation analysis, 8) integration of single-cell multi-omics, 9) epigenomic analysis, 10) gene network inference, 11) prioritization of cell subpopulations, 12) integrative analysis of human and mouse sc-RNA-seq data, 13) spatial transcriptomics, and 14) comparison of single cell AD mouse model studies and single cell human AD studies. We also address challenges in using human postmortem and mouse tissues and outline future developments in single cell sequencing data analysis. Importantly, we have implemented our recommended workflow for each major analytic direction and applied them to a large single nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) dataset in AD. Key analytic results are reported while the scripts and the data are shared with the research community through GitHub. In summary, this comprehensive review provides insights into various approaches to analyze single cell sequencing data and offers specific guidelines for study design and a variety of analytic directions. The review and the accompanied software tools will serve as a valuable resource for studying cellular and molecular mechanisms of AD, other diseases, or biological systems at the single cell level.","doi":"10.1186/s13024-022-00517-z","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/acbed9c871ce6b1277944c85ad9a741f6c3f68c1","result_position":56,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":268816630,"title":"scAnnoX: an R package integrating multiple public tools for single-cell annotation","venue":"PeerJ","year":2024,"authors":["Xiaoqian Huang","Ruiqi Liu","Shiwei Yang","Xiaozhou Chen","Huamei Li"],"abstract":"Background Single-cell annotation plays a crucial role in the analysis of single-cell genomics data. Despite the existence of numerous single-cell annotation algorithms, a comprehensive tool for integrating and comparing these algorithms is also lacking. Methods This study meticulously investigated a plethora of widely adopted single-cell annotation algorithms. Ten single-cell annotation algorithms were selected based on the classification of either reference dataset-dependent or marker gene-dependent approaches. These algorithms included SingleR, Seurat, sciBet, scmap, CHETAH, scSorter, sc.type, cellID, scCATCH, and SCINA. Building upon these algorithms, we developed an R package named scAnnoX for the integration and comparative analysis of single-cell annotation algorithms. Results The development of the scAnnoX software package provides a cohesive framework for annotating cells in scRNA-seq data, enabling researchers to more efficiently perform comparative analyses among the cell type annotations contained in scRNA-seq datasets. The integrated environment of scAnnoX streamlines the testing, evaluation, and comparison processes among various algorithms. Among the ten annotation tools evaluated, SingleR, Seurat, sciBet, and scSorter emerged as top-performing algorithms in terms of prediction accuracy, with SingleR and sciBet demonstrating particularly superior performance, offering guidance for users. Interested parties can access the scAnnoX package at https://github.com/XQ-hub/scAnnoX.","doi":"10.7717/peerj.17184","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7cb21e80c43e0f7210ca1df416ede280174d6e51","result_position":57,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":274232484,"title":"easySCF: a tool for enhancing interoperability between R and Python for efficient single-cell data analysis","venue":"Bioinform.","year":2024,"authors":["Haoyu Zhang","Wentao Zhang","Shuai Zhao","Guangyu Xu","Yi Shen","Feng Jiang","An Qin","Lei Cui"],"abstract":"Abstract Summary This study introduces easySCF, a tool designed to enhance the interoperability of single-cell data between the two major bioinformatics platforms, R and Python. By supporting seamless data exchange, easySCF improves the efficiency and accuracy of single-cell data analysis. Availability and implementation easySCF utilizes a unified data format (.h5 format) to facilitate data transfer between R and Python platforms. The tool has been evaluated for data processing speed, memory efficiency, and disk usage, as well as its capability to handle large-scale single-cell datasets. easySCF is available as an open-source package, with implementation details and documentation accessible at https://github.com/xleizi/easySCF.","doi":"10.1093/bioinformatics/btae710","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b9d51a392b5a968fd72c773e7ea4c4f18712b9cc","result_position":58,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":271329708,"title":"A systematic overview of single-cell transcriptomics databases, their use cases, and limitations","venue":"Frontiers Bioinform.","year":2024,"authors":["M. Gondal","Saad Ur Rehman Shah","A. Chinnaiyan","M. Cieslik"],"abstract":"Rapid advancements in high-throughput single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) technologies and experimental protocols have led to the generation of vast amounts of transcriptomic data that populates several online databases and repositories. Here, we systematically examined large-scale scRNA-seq databases, categorizing them based on their scope and purpose such as general, tissue-specific databases, disease-specific databases, cancer-focused databases, and cell type-focused databases. Next, we discuss the technical and methodological challenges associated with curating large-scale scRNA-seq databases, along with current computational solutions. We argue that understanding scRNA-seq databases, including their limitations and assumptions, is crucial for effectively utilizing this data to make robust discoveries and identify novel biological insights. Such platforms can help bridge the gap between computational and wet lab scientists through user-friendly web-based interfaces needed for democratizing access to single-cell data. These platforms would facilitate interdisciplinary research, enabling researchers from various disciplines to collaborate effectively. This review underscores the importance of leveraging computational approaches to unravel the complexities of single-cell data and offers a promising direction for future research in the field.","doi":"10.3389/fbinf.2024.1417428","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b657083e14dcf30d114ab2da6a3022d736b9efa9","result_position":59,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":270205860,"title":"Case-specific selection of batch correction methods for integrating single-cell transcriptomic data from different sources","venue":"bioRxiv","year":2024,"authors":["Xiaoyue Hu","He Li","Ming Chen","Junbin Qian","Hangjin Jiang"],"abstract":"Integrating single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets from different sources is a common practice to empower in-depth interrogation for biological insights, where batch effect correction (BEC) is of vital importance. However, an inappropriate BEC may lead to overcorrection and report misleading results on downstream analyses including cell annotation, trajectory inference and cell-cell communication. Hence, we develop the Reference-based Batch Effect Testing (RBET), a novel statistical framework for evaluating the performance of different BEC methods by leveraging housekeeping-gene inspired reference genes and MAC statistics for distribution comparison. Comparing with existing methods, RBET is more powerful on detecting batch effect, overcorrection sensitive, computationally efficient, and robust to large batch effect sizes. Furthermore, extensive multi-scenario real examples show that RBET selects optimal BEC tools for consistent downstream analysis results, which confirm prior biological knowledge. This comprehensive BEC decision-making tool is available as an R package.","doi":"10.1101/2024.05.26.595911","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d55ef599a180f740c8aafe349f73ae19feee5310","result_position":60,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":218516159,"title":"SC1: A Tool for Interactive Web-Based Single-Cell RNA-Seq Data Analysis","venue":"bioRxiv","year":2020,"authors":["Marmar Moussa","I. Măndoiu"],"abstract":"Single-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq) is critical for studying cellular function and phenotypic heterogeneity as well as the development of tissues and tumors. In this study, we present SC1 a web-based highly interactive scRNA-Seq data analysis tool publicly accessible at https://sc1.engr.uconn.edu. The tool presents an integrated workflow for scRNA-Seq analysis, implements a novel method of selecting informative genes based on term-frequency inverse-document-frequency scores, and provides a broad range of methods for clustering, differential expression analysis, gene enrichment, interactive visualization, and cell cycle analysis. The tool integrates other single-cell omics data modalities such as T-cell receptor (TCR)-Seq and supports several single-cell sequencing technologies. In just a few steps, researchers can generate a comprehensive analysis and gain powerful insights from their scRNA-Seq data.","doi":"10.1089/cmb.2021.0051","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c1701023a69a579f5404f6ff5e3d6f7b10e1669f","result_position":61,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":279092890,"title":"scExploreR: a flexible platform for democratized analysis of multimodal single-cell data by non-programmers","venue":"bioRxiv","year":2025,"authors":["W. Showers","Jairav Desai","Stephanie R. Gipson","Krysta L. Engel","Clayton Smith","C. Jordan","Austin E. Gillen"],"abstract":"Single-cell sequencing has revolutionized biomedical research by uncovering cellular heterogeneity in disease mechanisms, with significant potential for advancing personalized medicine. However, participation in single-cell data analysis is limited by the programming experience required to access data. Several existing browsers allow the interrogation of single-cell data through a point-and-click interface accessible to non-programmers, but many of these browsers are limited in the depth of analysis that can be performed, or the flexibility of input data formats accepted. Thus, programming experience is still required for comprehensive data analysis. We developed scExploreR to address these limitations and extend the range of analysis tasks that can be performed by non-programmers. scExploreR is implemented as a packaged R Shiny app that can be run locally or easily deployed for multiple users on a server. scExploreR offers extensive customization options for plots, allowing users to generate publication quality figures. Leveraging our SCUBA package, scExploreR seamlessly handles multimodal data, providing identical plotting capabilities regardless of input format. By empowering researchers to directly explore and analyze single-cell data, scExploreR bridges communication gaps between biological and computational scientists, streamlining insight generation.","doi":"10.1101/2025.05.28.656649","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0687735825f7bf161e46c3d4e044c08a3cb1aeed","result_position":62,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":264940785,"title":"Unveiling the novel immune and molecular signatures of ovarian cancer: insights and innovations from single-cell sequencing","venue":"Frontiers in Immunology","year":2023,"authors":["Zhongkang Li","Haihan Gu","Xiaotong Xu","Yanpeng Tian","Xianghua Huang","Yanfang Du"],"abstract":"Ovarian cancer is a highly heterogeneous and lethal malignancy with limited treatment options. Over the past decade, single-cell sequencing has emerged as an advanced biological technology capable of decoding the landscape of ovarian cancer at the single-cell resolution. It operates at the level of genes, transcriptomes, proteins, epigenomes, and metabolisms, providing detailed information that is distinct from bulk sequencing methods, which only offer average data for specific lesions. Single-cell sequencing technology provides detailed insights into the immune and molecular mechanisms underlying tumor occurrence, development, drug resistance, and immune escape. These insights can guide the development of innovative diagnostic markers, therapeutic strategies, and prognostic indicators. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive summary of the diverse applications of single-cell sequencing in ovarian cancer. It encompasses the identification and characterization of novel cell subpopulations, the elucidation of tumor heterogeneity, the investigation of the tumor microenvironment, the analysis of mechanisms underlying metastasis, and the integration of innovative approaches such as organoid models and multi-omics analysis.","doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2023.1288027","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/87f7f87a6ec03c54ac54f9d0a4440fa7595e6775","result_position":63,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":246678722,"title":"SCANNER: a web platform for annotation, visualization and sharing of single cell RNA-seq data","venue":"Database J. Biol. Databases Curation","year":2022,"authors":["G. Cai","Xuanxuan Yu","Choonhan Youn","Jun Zhou","Feifei Xiao"],"abstract":"Abstract In recent years, efficient scRNA-seq methods have been developed, enabling the transcriptome profiling of single cells massively in parallel. Meanwhile, its high dimensionality and complexity bring challenges to the data analysis and require extensive collaborations between biologists and bioinformaticians and/or biostatisticians. The communication between these two units demands a platform for easy data sharing and exploration. Here we developed Single-Cell Transcriptomics Annotated Viewer (SCANNER), as a public web resource for the scientific community, for sharing and analyzing scRNA-seq data in a collaborative manner. It is easy-to-use without requiring special software or extensive coding skills. Moreover, it equipped a real-time database for secure data management and enables an efficient investigation of the activation of gene sets on a single-cell basis. Currently, SCANNER hosts a database of 19 types of cancers and COVID-19, as well as healthy samples from lungs of smokers and non-smokers, human brain cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The database will be frequently updated with datasets from new studies. Using SCANNER, we identified a larger proportion of cancer-associated fibroblasts cells and more active fibroblast growth-related genes in melanoma tissues in female patients compared to male patients. Moreover, we found ACE2 is mainly expressed in lung pneumocytes, secretory cells and ciliated cells and differentially expressed in lungs of smokers and never smokers.","doi":"10.1093/database/baab086","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4b1d74f3f05e4773cc9b95ceeef6f15ca80e8441","result_position":64,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":266467719,"title":"Exploring the advances of single-cell RNA sequencing in thyroid cancer: a narrative review","venue":"Medical Oncology","year":2023,"authors":["J. K. Tan","W. Awuah","Sakshi Roy","Tomas Ferreira","A. Ahluwalia","Saibaba Guggilapu","Mahnoor Javed","Muhammad Mikail Athif Zhafir Asyura","F. T. Adebusoye","Krishna Ramamoorthy","Emma Paoletti","T. Abdul-Rahman","O. Prykhodko","Denys Ovechkin"],"abstract":"Thyroid cancer, a prevalent form of endocrine malignancy, has witnessed a substantial increase in occurrence in recent decades. To gain a comprehensive understanding of thyroid cancer at the single-cell level, this narrative review evaluates the applications of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) in thyroid cancer research. ScRNA-seq has revolutionised the identification and characterisation of distinct cell subpopulations, cell-to-cell communications, and receptor interactions, revealing unprecedented heterogeneity and shedding light on novel biomarkers for therapeutic discovery. These findings aid in the construction of predictive models on disease prognosis and therapeutic efficacy. Altogether, scRNA-seq has deepened our understanding of the tumour microenvironment immunologic insights, informing future studies in the development of effective personalised treatment for patients. Challenges and limitations of scRNA-seq, such as technical biases, financial barriers, and ethical concerns, are discussed. Advancements in computational methods, the advent of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and deep learning (DL), and the importance of single-cell data sharing and collaborative efforts are highlighted. Future directions of scRNA-seq in thyroid cancer research include investigating intra-tumoral heterogeneity, integrating with other omics technologies, exploring the non-coding RNA landscape, and studying rare subtypes. Overall, scRNA-seq has transformed thyroid cancer research and holds immense potential for advancing personalised therapies and improving patient outcomes. Efforts to make this technology more accessible and cost-effective will be crucial to ensuring its widespread utilisation in healthcare.","doi":"10.1007/s12032-023-02260-x","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2b3c4d8fbfa59e5659214f06dacb5451084d58cf","result_position":65,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":266489163,"title":"Current annotation strategies for T cell phenotyping of single-cell RNA-seq data","venue":"Frontiers in Immunology","year":2023,"authors":["Kerry A. Mullan","N. de Vrij","S. Valkiers","Pieter Meysman"],"abstract":"Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has become a popular technique for interrogating the diversity and dynamic nature of cellular gene expression and has numerous advantages in immunology. For example, scRNA-seq, in contrast to bulk RNA sequencing, can discern cellular subtypes within a population, which is important for heterogenous populations such as T cells. Moreover, recent advancements in the technology allow the parallel capturing of the highly diverse T-cell receptor (TCR) sequence with the gene expression. However, the field of single-cell RNA sequencing data analysis is still hampered by a lack of gold-standard cell phenotype annotation. This problem is particularly evident in the case of T cells due to the heterogeneity in both their gene expression and their TCR. While current cell phenotype annotation tools can differentiate major cell populations from each other, labelling T-cell subtypes remains problematic. In this review, we identify the common automated strategy for annotating T cells and their subpopulations, and also describe what crucial information is still missing from these tools.","doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2023.1306169","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2050f5e17062ebe1dbf32059a3f35f3ac1ca57ee","result_position":66,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":270520729,"title":"LoRA-TV: read depth profile-based clustering of tumor cells in single-cell sequencing","venue":"Briefings Bioinform.","year":2024,"authors":["Junbo Duan","Xinrui Zhao","Xiaoming Wu"],"abstract":"Abstract Single-cell sequencing has revolutionized our ability to dissect the heterogeneity within tumor populations. In this study, we present LoRA-TV (Low Rank Approximation with Total Variation), a novel method for clustering tumor cells based on the read depth profiles derived from single-cell sequencing data. Traditional analysis pipelines process read depth profiles of each cell individually. By aggregating shared genomic signatures distributed among individual cells using low-rank optimization and robust smoothing, the proposed method enhances clustering performance. Results from analyses of both simulated and real data demonstrate its effectiveness compared with state-of-the-art alternatives, as supported by improvements in the adjusted Rand index and computational efficiency.","doi":"10.1093/bib/bbae277","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bf0a941a9539412d56acaccef9b31659d239a128","result_position":67,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":267657267,"title":"A single-cell transcriptome atlas of Lueyang black-bone chicken skin","venue":"Poultry Science","year":2024,"authors":["Ling Wang","Zhen Xue","Ying-Rui Tian","Wenxian Zeng","Tao Zhang","Hongzhao Lu"],"abstract":"As the largest organ of the body, the skin participates in various physiological activities, such as barrier function, sensory function, and temperature regulation, thereby maintaining the balance between the body and the natural environment. To date, compositional and transcriptional profiles in chicken skin cells have not been reported. Here, we report detailed transcriptome analyses of cell populations present in the skin of a black-feather chicken and a white-feather chicken using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). By analyzing cluster-specific gene expression profiles, we identified 12 cell clusters, and their corresponding cell types were also characterized. Subsequently, we characterized the subpopulations of keratinocytes, myocytes, mesenchymal cells, fibroblasts, and melanocytes. It is worth noting that we have identified a subpopulation of keratinocytes involved in pigment granule capture and a subpopulation of melanocytes involved in pigment granule deposition, both of which have a higher cell abundance in black-feather chicken compared to white-feather chicken. Meanwhile, we also compared the cellular heterogeneity features of Lueyang black-bone chicken skin with different feather colors. In addition, we also screened out 12 genes those could be potential markers of melanocytes. Finally, we validated the specific expression of SGK1, WNT5A, CTSC, TYR, and LAPTM5 in black-feather chicken, which may be the key candidate genes determining the feather color differentiation of Lueyang black-bone chicken. In summary, this study first revealed the transcriptome characteristics of chicken skin cells via scRNA-seq technology. These datasets provide valuable information for the study of avian skin characteristics and have important implications for future poultry breeding.","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.103513","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/30f7a2cf081f8e575f18e1f594bd3e34bc14424c","result_position":68,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":259109266,"title":"Practical bioinformatics pipelines for single-cell RNA-seq data analysis","venue":"Biophysics Reports","year":2022,"authors":["Jiangping He","Lihui Lin","Jiekai Chen"],"abstract":"Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a revolutionary tool to explore cells. With an increasing number of scRNA-seq data analysis tools that have been developed, it is challenging for users to choose and compare their performance. Here, we present an overview of the workflow for computational analysis of scRNA-seq data. We detail the steps of a typical scRNA-seq analysis, including experimental design, pre-processing and quality control, feature selection, dimensionality reduction, cell clustering and annotation, and downstream analysis including batch correction, trajectory inference and cell–cell communication. We provide guidelines according to our best practice. This review will be helpful for the experimentalists interested in analyzing their data, and will aid the users seeking to update their analysis pipelines.","doi":"10.52601/bpr.2022.210041","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9d2d7585490a0381093f01aba4ec4f6fff44d090","result_position":69,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":278480260,"title":"An overview of computational methods in single-cell transcriptomic cell type annotation","venue":"Briefings Bioinform.","year":2025,"authors":["Tianhao Li","Zixuan Wang","Yuhang Liu","Sihan He","Quan Zou","Yongqing Zhang"],"abstract":"Abstract The rapid accumulation of single-cell RNA sequencing data has provided unprecedented computational resources for cell type annotation, significantly advancing our understanding of cellular heterogeneity. Leveraging gene expression profiles derived from transcriptomic data, researchers can accurately infer cell types, sparking the development of numerous innovative annotation methods. These methods utilize a range of strategies, including marker genes, correlation-based matching, and supervised learning, to classify cell types. In this review, we systematically examine these annotation approaches based on transcriptomics-specific gene expression profiles and provide a comprehensive comparison and categorization of these methods. Furthermore, we focus on the main challenges in the annotation process, especially the long-tail distribution problem arising from data imbalance in rare cell types. We discuss the potential of deep learning techniques to address these issues and enhance model capability in recognizing novel cell types within an open-world framework.","doi":"10.1093/bib/bbaf207","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/161281d34173a90e08e90277347bcc64f23716e3","result_position":70,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":270487282,"title":"SCIMAP: A Python Toolkit for Integrated Spatial Analysis of Multiplexed Imaging Data","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2024,"authors":["A. J. Nirmal","P. Sorger"],"abstract":"Multiplexed imaging data are revolutionizing our understanding of the composition and organization of tissues and tumors. A critical aspect of such tissue profiling is quantifying the spatial relationship relationships among cells at different scales from the interaction of neighboring cells to recurrent communities of cells of multiple types. This often involves statistical analysis of 10^7 or more cells in which up to 100 biomolecules (commonly proteins) have been measured. While software tools currently cater to the analysis of spatial transcriptomics data, there remains a need for toolkits explicitly tailored to the complexities of multiplexed imaging data including the need to seamlessly integrate image visualization with data analysis and exploration. We introduce SCIMAP, a Python package specifically crafted to address these challenges. With SCIMAP, users can efficiently preprocess, analyze, and visualize large datasets, facilitating the exploration of spatial relationships and their statistical significance. SCIMAP's modular design enables the integration of new algorithms, enhancing its capabilities for spatial analysis.","doi":"","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6f4477d5524f769a85ea8c5af2d8f4d2b3153443","result_position":71,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":259377289,"title":"Liver in infections: a single-cell and spatial transcriptomics perspective","venue":"Journal of Biomedical Sciences","year":2023,"authors":["Juqiu Zou","Jie Li","Xiao Zhong","D. Tang","Xuegong Fan","Ruochan Chen"],"abstract":"The liver is an immune organ that plays a vital role in the detection, capture, and clearance of pathogens and foreign antigens that invade the human body. During acute and chronic infections, the liver transforms from a tolerant to an active immune state. The defence mechanism of the liver mainly depends on a complicated network of intrahepatic and translocated immune cells and non-immune cells. Therefore, a comprehensive liver cell atlas in both healthy and diseased states is needed for new therapeutic target development and disease intervention improvement. With the development of high-throughput single-cell technology, we can now decipher heterogeneity, differentiation, and intercellular communication at the single-cell level in sophisticated organs and complicated diseases. In this concise review, we aimed to summarise the advancement of emerging high-throughput single-cell technologies and re-define our understanding of liver function towards infections, including hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, Plasmodium , schistosomiasis, endotoxemia, and corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We also unravel previously unknown pathogenic pathways and disease mechanisms for the development of new therapeutic targets. As high-throughput single-cell technologies mature, their integration into spatial transcriptomics, multiomics, and clinical data analysis will aid in patient stratification and in developing effective treatment plans for patients with or without liver injury due to infectious diseases.","doi":"10.1186/s12929-023-00945-z","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1aeac38f48baa72651f0febdfb904782ddb0e7b3","result_position":72,"is_clicked":false}],"string":"[\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 3314041,\n \"title\": \"SCANPY: large-scale single-cell gene expression data analysis\",\n \"venue\": \"Genome Biology\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"F. Wolf\",\n \"Philipp Angerer\",\n \"Fabian J Theis\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Scanpy is a scalable toolkit for analyzing single-cell gene expression data. It includes methods for preprocessing, visualization, clustering, pseudotime and trajectory inference, differential expression testing, and simulation of gene regulatory networks. Its Python-based implementation efficiently deals with data sets of more than one million cells (https://github.com/theislab/Scanpy). Along with Scanpy, we present AnnData, a generic class for handling annotated data matrices (https://github.com/theislab/anndata).\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1186/s13059-017-1382-0\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7e49aa718a7e5fea9784e5c04c1c853edec9e46a\",\n \"result_position\": 0,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 3722363,\n \"title\": \"Scater: pre-processing, quality control, normalization and visualization of single-cell RNA-seq data in R\",\n \"venue\": \"Bioinform.\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Davis J. McCarthy\",\n \"Kieran R. Campbell\",\n \"A. Lun\",\n \"Quin F. Wills\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Motivation: Single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) is increasingly used to study gene expression at the level of individual cells. However, preparing raw sequence data for further analysis is not a straightforward process. Biases, artifacts and other sources of unwanted variation are present in the data, requiring substantial time and effort to be spent on pre‐processing, quality control (QC) and normalization. Results: We have developed the R/Bioconductor package scater to facilitate rigorous pre‐processing, quality control, normalization and visualization of scRNA‐seq data. The package provides a convenient, flexible workflow to process raw sequencing reads into a high‐quality expression dataset ready for downstream analysis. scater provides a rich suite of plotting tools for single‐cell data and a flexible data structure that is compatible with existing tools and can be used as infrastructure for future software development. Availability and Implementation: The open‐source code, along with installation instructions, vignettes and case studies, is available through Bioconductor at http://bioconductor.org/packages/scater. Contact: davis@ebi.ac.uk Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1093/bioinformatics/btw777\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/98b9fde16d450f858bae75dfc466f2009083a9f0\",\n \"result_position\": 1,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 176295002,\n \"title\": \"Comprehensive integration of single cell data\",\n \"venue\": \"bioRxiv\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Tim Stuart\",\n \"Andrew Butler\",\n \"Paul J. Hoffman\",\n \"Christoph Hafemeister\",\n \"Efthymia Papalexi\",\n \"William M. Mauck\",\n \"Marlon Stoeckius\",\n \"Peter Smibert\",\n \"R. Satija\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Single cell transcriptomics (scRNA-seq) has transformed our ability to discover and annotate cell types and states, but deep biological understanding requires more than a taxonomic listing of clusters. As new methods arise to measure distinct cellular modalities, including high-dimensional immunophenotypes, chromatin accessibility, and spatial positioning, a key analytical challenge is to integrate these datasets into a harmonized atlas that can be used to better understand cellular identity and function. Here, we develop a computational strategy to “anchor” diverse datasets together, enabling us to integrate and compare single cell measurements not only across scRNA-seq technologies, but different modalities as well. After demonstrating substantial improvement over existing methods for data integration, we anchor scRNA-seq experiments with scATAC-seq datasets to explore chromatin differences in closely related interneuron subsets, and project single cell protein measurements onto a human bone marrow atlas to annotate and characterize lymphocyte populations. Lastly, we demonstrate how anchoring can harmonize in-situ gene expression and scRNA-seq datasets, allowing for the transcriptome-wide imputation of spatial gene expression patterns, and the identification of spatial relationships between mapped cell types in the visual cortex. Our work presents a strategy for comprehensive integration of single cell data, including the assembly of harmonized references, and the transfer of information across datasets. Availability: Installation instructions, documentation, and tutorials are available at: https://www.satijalab.org/seurat\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1101/460147\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2287a3930a7568a956aae5f3f037efe8fed675e7\",\n \"result_position\": 2,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 4873852,\n \"title\": \"Integrating single-cell transcriptomic data across different conditions, technologies, and species\",\n \"venue\": \"Nature Biotechnology\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Andrew Butler\",\n \"Paul J. Hoffman\",\n \"Peter Smibert\",\n \"Efthymia Papalexi\",\n \"R. Satija\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/nbt.4096\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/458c8ca3c2818b479d91dbdb83f2d10ded3708fa\",\n \"result_position\": 3,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 258441248,\n \"title\": \"scRNASequest: an ecosystem of scRNA-seq analysis, visualization, and publishing\",\n \"venue\": \"BMC Genomics\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Kejie Li\",\n \"Yu H. Sun\",\n \"Zhengyu Ouyang\",\n \"Soumya Negi\",\n \"Zhen-Zhen Gao\",\n \"Jing Zhu\",\n \"Wanli Wang\",\n \"Yirui Chen\",\n \"Sarbottam Piya\",\n \"Wen-Tuo Hu\",\n \"M. Zavodszky\",\n \"H. Yalamanchili\",\n \"S. Cao\",\n \"Andrew R. Gehrke\",\n \"Mark Sheehan\",\n \"Dann Huh\",\n \"Fergal Casey\",\n \"Xinmin Zhang\",\n \"Baohong Zhang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Background Single-cell RNA sequencing is a state-of-the-art technology to understand gene expression in complex tissues. With the growing amount of data being generated, the standardization and automation of data analysis are critical to generating hypotheses and discovering biological insights. Results Here, we present scRNASequest, a semi-automated single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data analysis workflow which allows (1) preprocessing from raw UMI count data, (2) harmonization by one or multiple methods, (3) reference-dataset-based cell type label transfer and embedding projection, (4) multi-sample, multi-condition single-cell level differential gene expression analysis, and (5) seamless integration with cellxgene VIP for visualization and with CellDepot for data hosting and sharing by generating compatible h5ad files. Conclusions We developed scRNASequest, an end-to-end pipeline for single-cell RNA-seq data analysis, visualization, and publishing. The source code under MIT open-source license is provided at https://github.com/interactivereport/scRNASequest . We also prepared a bookdown tutorial for the installation and detailed usage of the pipeline: https://interactivereport.github.io/scRNAsequest/tutorial/docs/ . Users have the option to run it on a local computer with a Linux/Unix system including MacOS, or interact with SGE/Slurm schedulers on high-performance computing (HPC) clusters.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1186/s12864-023-09332-2\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4c5ac9fddf1affb80d2aa7343755ccd684ff7c9e\",\n \"result_position\": 4,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 195191612,\n \"title\": \"Current best practices in single‐cell RNA‐seq analysis: a tutorial\",\n \"venue\": \"Molecular Systems Biology\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Malte D. Luecken\",\n \"Fabian J Theis\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Single‐cell RNA‐seq has enabled gene expression to be studied at an unprecedented resolution. The promise of this technology is attracting a growing user base for single‐cell analysis methods. As more analysis tools are becoming available, it is becoming increasingly difficult to navigate this landscape and produce an up‐to‐date workflow to analyse one's data. Here, we detail the steps of a typical single‐cell RNA‐seq analysis, including pre‐processing (quality control, normalization, data correction, feature selection, and dimensionality reduction) and cell‐ and gene‐level downstream analysis. We formulate current best‐practice recommendations for these steps based on independent comparison studies. We have integrated these best‐practice recommendations into a workflow, which we apply to a public dataset to further illustrate how these steps work in practice. Our documented case study can be found at https://www.github.com/theislab/single-cell-tutorial. This review will serve as a workflow tutorial for new entrants into the field, and help established users update their analysis pipelines.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.15252/msb.20188746\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d197473a348efadb23a6bb52de3476fdfdfe7dec\",\n \"result_position\": 5,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 227950880,\n \"title\": \"Tutorial: guidelines for the computational analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data\",\n \"venue\": \"Nature Protocols\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"T. Andrews\",\n \"V. Kiselev\",\n \"Davis J. McCarthy\",\n \"M. Hemberg\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s41596-020-00409-w\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1c26e5d041dccba0726872455a5efe0125344855\",\n \"result_position\": 6,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 248498852,\n \"title\": \"High-throughput single-сell sequencing in cancer research\",\n \"venue\": \"Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Q. Jia\",\n \"Han Chu\",\n \"Zheng Jin\",\n \"H. Long\",\n \"B. Zhu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"With advances in sequencing and instrument technology, bioinformatics analysis is being applied to batches of massive cells at single-cell resolution. High-throughput single-cell sequencing can be utilized for multi-omics characterization of tumor cells, stromal cells or infiltrated immune cells to evaluate tumor progression, responses to environmental perturbations, heterogeneous composition of the tumor microenvironment, and complex intercellular interactions between these factors. Particularly, single-cell sequencing of T cell receptors, alone or in combination with single-cell RNA sequencing, is useful in the fields of tumor immunology and immunotherapy. Clinical insights obtained from single-cell analysis are critically important for exploring the biomarkers of disease progression or antitumor treatment, as well as for guiding precise clinical decision-making for patients with malignant tumors. In this review, we summarize the clinical applications of single-cell sequencing in the fields of tumor cell evolution, tumor immunology, and tumor immunotherapy. Additionally, we analyze the tumor cell response to antitumor treatment, heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment, and response or resistance to immune checkpoint immunotherapy. The limitations of single-cell analysis in cancer research are also discussed.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s41392-022-00990-4\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a73d5e6201bd8b461c29575dd1de5c1c184b20d9\",\n \"result_position\": 7,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 96432438,\n \"title\": \"Single-Cell RNA-Seq Technologies and Related Computational Data Analysis\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Genetics\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Geng Chen\",\n \"B. Ning\",\n \"Tieliu Shi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies allow the dissection of gene expression at single-cell resolution, which greatly revolutionizes transcriptomic studies. A number of scRNA-seq protocols have been developed, and these methods possess their unique features with distinct advantages and disadvantages. Due to technical limitations and biological factors, scRNA-seq data are noisier and more complex than bulk RNA-seq data. The high variability of scRNA-seq data raises computational challenges in data analysis. Although an increasing number of bioinformatics methods are proposed for analyzing and interpreting scRNA-seq data, novel algorithms are required to ensure the accuracy and reproducibility of results. In this review, we provide an overview of currently available single-cell isolation protocols and scRNA-seq technologies, and discuss the methods for diverse scRNA-seq data analyses including quality control, read mapping, gene expression quantification, batch effect correction, normalization, imputation, dimensionality reduction, feature selection, cell clustering, trajectory inference, differential expression calling, alternative splicing, allelic expression, and gene regulatory network reconstruction. Further, we outline the prospective development and applications of scRNA-seq technologies.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fgene.2019.00317\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bf3447b4c5fd98b236f408ff86d1f8acfd467676\",\n \"result_position\": 8,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 269331475,\n \"title\": \"Shaoxia: a web-based interactive analysis platform for single cell RNA sequencing data\",\n \"venue\": \"BMC Genomics\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Weideng Wei\",\n \"Xiaoqiang Xia\",\n \"Taiwen Li\",\n \"Qianming Chen\",\n \"Xiaodong Feng\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Background In recent years, Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is increasingly accessible to researchers of many fields. However, interpreting its data demands proficiency in multiple programming languages and bioinformatic skills, which limited researchers, without such expertise, exploring information from scRNA-seq data. Therefore, there is a tremendous need to develop easy-to-use software, covering all the aspects of scRNA-seq data analysis. Results We proposed a clear analysis framework for scRNA-seq data, which emphasized the fundamental and crucial roles of cell identity annotation, abstracting the analysis process into three stages: upstream analysis, cell annotation and downstream analysis. The framework can equip researchers with a comprehensive understanding of the analysis procedure and facilitate effective data interpretation. Leveraging the developed framework, we engineered Shaoxia, an analysis platform designed to democratize scRNA-seq analysis by accelerating processing through high-performance computing capabilities and offering a user-friendly interface accessible even to wet-lab researchers without programming expertise. Conclusion Shaoxia stands as a powerful and user-friendly open-source software for automated scRNA-seq analysis, offering comprehensive functionality for streamlined functional genomics studies. Shaoxia is freely accessible at http://www.shaoxia.cloud , and its source code is publicly available at https://github.com/WiedenWei/shaoxia .\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1186/s12864-024-10322-1\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/806ffd2e987605fef9799213f31d4fbb28c2d8e2\",\n \"result_position\": 9,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 222825366,\n \"title\": \"Integrated analysis of multimodal single-cell data\",\n \"venue\": \"bioRxiv\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Y. Hao\",\n \"S. Hao\",\n \"E. Andersen-Nissen\",\n \"William M. Mauck\",\n \"Shiwei Zheng\",\n \"Andrew Butler\",\n \"Madeline J. Lee\",\n \"Aaron J. Wilk\",\n \"Charlotte A. Darby\",\n \"M. Zagar\",\n \"Paul J. Hoffman\",\n \"Marlon Stoeckius\",\n \"Efthymia Papalexi\",\n \"Eleni P. Mimitou\",\n \"Jaison Jain\",\n \"Avi Srivastava\",\n \"Tim Stuart\",\n \"Lamar B. Fleming\",\n \"Bertrand Z. Yeung\",\n \"A. Rogers\",\n \"J. McElrath\",\n \"C. Blish\",\n \"R. Gottardo\",\n \"Peter Smibert\",\n \"R. Satija\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The simultaneous measurement of multiple modalities, known as multimodal analysis, represents an exciting frontier for single-cell genomics and necessitates new computational methods that can define cellular states based on multiple data types. Here, we introduce ‘weighted-nearest neighbor’ analysis, an unsupervised framework to learn the relative utility of each data type in each cell, enabling an integrative analysis of multiple modalities. We apply our procedure to a CITE-seq dataset of hundreds of thousands of human white blood cells alongside a panel of 228 antibodies to construct a multimodal reference atlas of the circulating immune system. We demonstrate that integrative analysis substantially improves our ability to resolve cell states and validate the presence of previously unreported lymphoid subpopulations. Moreover, we demonstrate how to leverage this reference to rapidly map new datasets, and to interpret immune responses to vaccination and COVID-19. Our approach represents a broadly applicable strategy to analyze single-cell multimodal datasets, including paired measurements of RNA and chromatin state, and to look beyond the transcriptome towards a unified and multimodal definition of cellular identity. Availability Installation instructions, documentation, tutorials, and CITE-seq datasets are available at http://www.satijalab.org/seurat\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1101/2020.10.12.335331\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ce080083a7a3d3177732dff0da508e0da152837d\",\n \"result_position\": 10,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 277181308,\n \"title\": \"Single-cell sequencing in non-obstructive azoospermia: insights from primary and re-analysis studies\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Endocrinology\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Zesong Jiang\",\n \"Junwen Zhang\",\n \"Zhongjian Qiu\",\n \"Yufei Zhang\",\n \"Nan Li\",\n \"Jianmeng Hu\",\n \"Zhiguo Zhu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) constitutes one of the most severe forms of male infertility. Recent advancements in single-cell sequencing have significantly contributed to understanding the molecular landscape of NOA in human testicular tissues, elucidating the factors that underpin spermatogenic dysfunction. This technology has improved our understanding of the condition at a cellular level. Concurrently, bioinformatics developments have facilitated the re-analysis of publicly available single-cell datasets, offering novel insights into the disorder. Nevertheless, a comprehensive review integrating primary and re-analysis studies of single-cell sequencing in NOA is lacking. This review systematically evaluates 10 primary studies reporting original single-cell sequencing data of human NOA testicular samples and 22 secondary studies that re-analyzed these published data. We explore single-cell sequencing applications in germ cells, Sertoli cells, and Leydig cells, offering a comprehensive overview of molecular insights into spermatogenic dysfunction. Our review highlights novel findings in secondary studies, including the roles of transcriptional regulators, RNA transcription, endocrine disruptors, and microtubular cytoskeleton, thereby bridging primary studies and re-analysis studies. Additionally, we discussed future research directions and the challenges of translating single-cell research findings into clinical applications. In summary, single-cell sequencing offers a high-resolution, single-cell perspective of NOA testicular tissue, paving the way for innovative therapeutic strategies in male infertility.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fendo.2025.1539063\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bdeed10d7d86f2c0b9d037e5e57c9c922c7098e0\",\n \"result_position\": 11,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 225336002,\n \"title\": \"Single cell transcriptome research in human placenta\",\n \"venue\": \"Reproduction\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Hui Li\",\n \"Qianhui Huang\",\n \"Yu Liu\",\n \"L. Garmire\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Human placenta is a complex and heterogeneous organ interfacing between the mother and the fetus that supports fetal development. Alterations to placental structural components are associated with various pregnancy complications. To reveal the heterogeneity among various placenta cell types in normal and diseased placentas, as well as elucidate molecular interactions within a population of placental cells, a new genomics technology called single cell RNA-seq (or scRNA-seq) has been employed in the last couple of years. Here we review the principles of scRNA-seq technology, and summarize the recent human placenta studies at scRNA-seq level across gestational ages as well as in pregnancy complications, such as preterm birth and preeclampsia. We list the computational analysis platforms and resources available for the public use. Lastly, we discuss the future areas of interest for placenta single cell studies, as well as the data analytics needed to accomplish them.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1530/REP-20-0231\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f59084265459e80a6a94a34fff4dd3b6430c3656\",\n \"result_position\": 12,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 259125970,\n \"title\": \"GRACE: a comprehensive web-based platform for integrative single-cell transcriptome analysis\",\n \"venue\": \"NAR Genomics and Bioinformatics\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Hao Yu\",\n \"Yuqing Wang\",\n \"Xi Zhang\",\n \"Z. Wang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract Large-scale single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has emerged as a robust method for dissecting cellular heterogeneity at single-cell resolution. However, to meet the increasingly high computational demands of non-programming experts, a user-friendly, scalable, and accessible online platform for analyzing scRNA-seq data is urgently needed. Here, we have developed a web-based platform GRACE (GRaphical Analyzing Cell Explorer) (http://grace.flowhub.com.cn or http://grace.jflab.ac.cn:28080) that enables online massive single-cell transcriptome analysis, improving interactivity and reproducibility using high-quality visualization frameworks. GRACE provides easy access to interactive visualization, customized parameters, and publication-quality graphs. Furthermore, it comprehensively integrates preprocessing, clustering, developmental trajectory inference, cell-cell communication, cell-type annotation, subcluster analysis, and pathway enrichment. In addition to the website platform, we also provide a Docker version that can be easily deployed on private servers. The source code for GRACE is freely available at (https://github.com/th00516/GRACE). Documentation and video tutorials are accessible from website homepage (http://grace.flowhub.com.cn). GRACE can analyze massive scRNA-seq data more flexibly and be accessible to the scientific community. This platform fulfills the major gap that exists between experimental (wet lab) and bioinformatic (dry lab) research.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1093/nargab/lqad050\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/51819551a5e058482d67907056332c0713d2d5c5\",\n \"result_position\": 13,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 272960420,\n \"title\": \"Single-cell sequencing to multi-omics: technologies and applications\",\n \"venue\": \"Biomarker Research\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Xiangyu Wu\",\n \"Xin Yang\",\n \"Y. Dai\",\n \"Zihan Zhao\",\n \"Junmeng Zhu\",\n \"Hongqian Guo\",\n \"Rong Yang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Cells, as the fundamental units of life, contain multidimensional spatiotemporal information. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is revolutionizing biomedical science by analyzing cellular state and intercellular heterogeneity. Undoubtedly, single-cell transcriptomics has emerged as one of the most vibrant research fields today. With the optimization and innovation of single-cell sequencing technologies, the intricate multidimensional details concealed within cells are gradually unveiled. The combination of scRNA-seq and other multi-omics is at the forefront of the single-cell field. This involves simultaneously measuring various omics data within individual cells, expanding our understanding across a broader spectrum of dimensions. Single-cell multi-omics precisely captures the multidimensional aspects of single-cell transcriptomes, immune repertoire, spatial information, temporal information, epitopes, and other omics in diverse spatiotemporal contexts. In addition to depicting the cell atlas of normal or diseased tissues, it also provides a cornerstone for studying cell differentiation and development patterns, disease heterogeneity, drug resistance mechanisms, and treatment strategies. Herein, we review traditional single-cell sequencing technologies and outline the latest advancements in single-cell multi-omics. We summarize the current status and challenges of applying single-cell multi-omics technologies to biological research and clinical applications. Finally, we discuss the limitations and challenges of single-cell multi-omics and potential strategies to address them.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1186/s40364-024-00643-4\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ef71354c45a6936e7d8f317b730e595e6695f5e0\",\n \"result_position\": 14,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 232066568,\n \"title\": \"Comprehensive analysis of single cell ATAC-seq data with SnapATAC\",\n \"venue\": \"Nature Communications\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Rongxin Fang\",\n \"Sebastian Preissl\",\n \"Y. Li\",\n \"Xiaomeng Hou\",\n \"J. Lucero\",\n \"Xinxin Wang\",\n \"Amir Motamedi\",\n \"A. Shiau\",\n \"Xinzhu Zhou\",\n \"Fangming Xie\",\n \"E. Mukamel\",\n \"Kai Zhang\",\n \"Yanxiao Zhang\",\n \"M. Behrens\",\n \"J. Ecker\",\n \"B. Ren\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Identification of the cis-regulatory elements controlling cell-type specific gene expression patterns is essential for understanding the origin of cellular diversity. Conventional assays to map regulatory elements via open chromatin analysis of primary tissues is hindered by sample heterogeneity. Single cell analysis of accessible chromatin (scATAC-seq) can overcome this limitation. However, the high-level noise of each single cell profile and the large volume of data pose unique computational challenges. Here, we introduce SnapATAC, a software package for analyzing scATAC-seq datasets. SnapATAC dissects cellular heterogeneity in an unbiased manner and map the trajectories of cellular states. Using the Nyström method, SnapATAC can process data from up to a million cells. Furthermore, SnapATAC incorporates existing tools into a comprehensive package for analyzing single cell ATAC-seq dataset. As demonstration of its utility, SnapATAC is applied to 55,592 single-nucleus ATAC-seq profiles from the mouse secondary motor cortex. The analysis reveals ~370,000 candidate regulatory elements in 31 distinct cell populations in this brain region and inferred candidate cell-type specific transcriptional regulators. Single cell analysis of transposase-accessible chromatin is deepening our understanding on the origins of cellular diversity, yet methods are limited by data sparsity. Here, the authors introduce SnapATAC, a pipeline to resolve cellular heterogeneity and reveal candidate regulatory elements across different cell populations.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s41467-021-21583-9\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7f677c0247b99fa94741491775ab04fdbb9a7b02\",\n \"result_position\": 15,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 208621928,\n \"title\": \"Understanding the complexity of retina and pluripotent stem cell derived retinal organoids with single cell RNA sequencing: current progress, remaining challenges and future prospective\",\n \"venue\": \"Current Eye Research\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Darin Zerti\",\n \"J. Collin\",\n \"R. Queen\",\n \"S. Cockell\",\n \"M. Lako\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"ABSTRACT Single-cell sequencing technologies have emerged as a revolutionary tool with transformative new methods to profile genetic, epigenetic, spatial, and lineage information in individual cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) allows researchers to collect large datasets detailing the transcriptomes of individual cells in space and time and is increasingly being applied to reveal cellular heterogeneity in retinal development, normal physiology, and disease, and provide new insights into cell-type specific markers and signaling pathways. In recent years, scRNA-Seq datasets have been generated from retinal tissue and pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal organoids. Their cross-comparison enables staging of retinal organoids, identification of specific cells in developing and adult human neural retina and provides deeper insights into cell-type sub-specification and geographical differences. In this article, we review the recent rapid progress in scRNA-Seq analyses of retina and retinal organoids, the questions that remain unanswered and the technical challenges that need to be overcome to achieve consistent results that reflect the complexity, functionality, and interactions of all retinal cell types.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/02713683.2019.1697453\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/85e3af95d350914015bc9f89497d2b6471d614d1\",\n \"result_position\": 16,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 272698355,\n \"title\": \"CellChat for systematic analysis of cell–cell communication from single-cell transcriptomics\",\n \"venue\": \"Nature Protocols\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Suoqin Jin\",\n \"M. Plikus\",\n \"Qing Nie\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s41596-024-01045-4\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/92038ff7c7f4449feeb0df9fa2b16d02169fdd86\",\n \"result_position\": 17,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 266278561,\n \"title\": \"Analysis of multiple programmed cell death-related prognostic genes and functional validations of necroptosis-associated genes in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma\",\n \"venue\": \"EBioMedicine\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Kui Cao\",\n \"Jinhong Zhu\",\n \"Mengdi Lu\",\n \"Jinfeng Zhang\",\n \"Yingnan Yang\",\n \"X. Ling\",\n \"Luquan Zhang\",\n \"Cuicui Qi\",\n \"Shenshui Wei\",\n \"Yanqiao Zhang\",\n \"Jianqun Ma\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Summary Background Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a lethal malignancy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) showed great clinical benefits for patients with ESCC. We aimed to construct a model predicting prognosis and response to ICIs by integrating diverse programmed cell death (PCD) forms. Methods Genes related to 14 PCDs were collected to generate multi-gene signatures, including apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and cuproptosis. Bulk and single-cell RNA transcriptome datasets were used to develop and validate the model. We assessed the functions of two necroptosis-related genes in ESCC cells by Western blot, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), LDH release assay, CCK-8, and migration assay, followed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining on samples of patients with ESCC (n = 67). Findings We built and validated a 16-gene prognostic combined cell death index (CCDI) by combining immunogenic cell death (ICD) and necroptosis signatures. The CCDI could also predict response to ICIs in cancer, as shown by Tumour Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) analysis, confirmed in four independent ICI clinical trials. Trajectory analysis revealed that HOOK1 and CUL4A might affect ESCC cell fate. We found that HOOK1 induced necroptosis and inhibited the proliferation and migration of ESCC cells, while CUL4A exhibited the opposite effects. Co-IP assay confirmed that HOOK1 and CUL4A promoted and reduced necrosome formation in ESCC cells. Data from patients with ESCC further supported that HOOK1 and CUL4A might be a tumour suppressor and oncogene, respectively. Interpretation We constructed a CCDI model with potential in predicting prognosis and response to ICIs in cancer. HOOK1 and CUL4A in the CCDI model are crucial prognostic biomarkers in ESCC. Funding The 10.13039/501100001809Natural Science Foundation of China [82172786], The National Cancer Center Climbing Fund of China [NCC201908B06], The 10.13039/501100005046Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province [LH2021H077].\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104920\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b0456c2f3c50b1df4ae59b864850839e5e10a2c9\",\n \"result_position\": 18,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 238238793,\n \"title\": \"Gene Expression Nebulas (GEN): a comprehensive data portal integrating transcriptomic profiles across multiple species at both bulk and single-cell levels\",\n \"venue\": \"Nucleic Acids Res.\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yuansheng Zhang\",\n \"D. Zou\",\n \"Tongtong Zhu\",\n \"Tianyi Xu\",\n \"Ming Chen\",\n \"Guangyi Niu\",\n \"Wenting Zong\",\n \"Rong Pan\",\n \"Wei Jing\",\n \"Jian Sang\",\n \"Chang Liu\",\n \"Yujia Xiong\",\n \"Yubin Sun\",\n \"S. Zhai\",\n \"Huanxin Chen\",\n \"Wenming Zhao\",\n \"Jingfa Xiao\",\n \"Y. Bào\",\n \"Lili Hao\",\n \"Zhang Zhang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract Transcriptomic profiling is critical to uncovering functional elements from transcriptional and post-transcriptional aspects. Here, we present Gene Expression Nebulas (GEN, https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/gen/), an open-access data portal integrating transcriptomic profiles under various biological contexts. GEN features a curated collection of high-quality bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing datasets by using standardized data processing pipelines and a structured curation model. Currently, GEN houses a large number of gene expression profiles from 323 datasets (157 bulk and 166 single-cell), covering 50 500 samples and 15 540 169 cells across 30 species, which are further categorized into six biological contexts. Moreover, GEN integrates a full range of transcriptomic profiles on expression, RNA editing and alternative splicing for 10 bulk datasets, providing opportunities for users to conduct integrative analysis at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. In addition, GEN provides abundant gene annotations based on value-added curation of transcriptomic profiles and delivers online services for data analysis and visualization. Collectively, GEN presents a comprehensive collection of transcriptomic profiles across multiple species, thus serving as a fundamental resource for better understanding genetic regulatory architecture and functional mechanisms from tissues to cells.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1093/nar/gkab878\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3bbfc7f8ae9b5594ea867ab7a74d9c067399e939\",\n \"result_position\": 19,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 258163236,\n \"title\": \"Sequence-Based Platforms for Discovering Biomarkers in Liquid Biopsy of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer\",\n \"venue\": \"Cancers\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Liam J Brockley\",\n \"Vanessa G. P. Souza\",\n \"Aisling Forder\",\n \"Michelle E. Pewarchuk\",\n \"Melis Erkan\",\n \"N. Telkar\",\n \"Katya H. Bénard\",\n \"Jessica Trejo\",\n \"M. Stewart\",\n \"G. Stewart\",\n \"P. Reis\",\n \"W. Lam\",\n \"Victor D. Martinez\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Simple Summary A lack of sensitive biomarkers hinders lung cancer detection and monitoring, resulting in late diagnosis and missed treatment response. Liquid biopsies have recently emerged as a promising method of detecting biomarkers in lung cancer patients without the need to conduct invasive procedures. New approaches for biomarker discovery have emerged due to advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies and bioinformatics tools. In this review, we comprehensively describe established and emerging methods for identifying lung cancer biomarkers using liquid biopsy. Furthermore, we highlight advanced bioinformatics tools and methods for processing NGS data, as well as recently developed software tailored for liquid biopsy biomarker detection. Abstract Lung cancer detection and monitoring are hampered by a lack of sensitive biomarkers, which results in diagnosis at late stages and difficulty in tracking response to treatment. Recent developments have established liquid biopsies as promising non-invasive methods for detecting biomarkers in lung cancer patients. With concurrent advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies and bioinformatics tools, new approaches for biomarker discovery have emerged. In this article, we survey established and emerging biomarker discovery methods using nucleic acid materials derived from bodily fluids in the context of lung cancer. We introduce nucleic acid biomarkers extracted from liquid biopsies and outline biological sources and methods of isolation. We discuss next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms commonly used to identify novel biomarkers and describe how these have been applied to liquid biopsy. We highlight emerging biomarker discovery methods, including applications of long-read sequencing, fragmentomics, whole-genome amplification methods for single-cell analysis, and whole-genome methylation assays. Finally, we discuss advanced bioinformatics tools, describing methods for processing NGS data, as well as recently developed software tailored for liquid biopsy biomarker detection, which holds promise for early diagnosis of lung cancer.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/cancers15082275\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b017cc33f5bd4d74e05da7940223e9324ba2797a\",\n \"result_position\": 20,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 247219013,\n \"title\": \"Guidelines for bioinformatics of single-cell sequencing data analysis in Alzheimer’s disease: review, recommendation, implementation and application\",\n \"venue\": \"Molecular Neurodegeneration\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Minghui Wang\",\n \"Won-min Song\",\n \"Chen Ming\",\n \"Qian Wang\",\n \"Xianxiao Zhou\",\n \"Peng Xu\",\n \"A. Krek\",\n \"Yonejung Yoon\",\n \"L. Ho\",\n \"Miranda E. Orr\",\n \"Guo-Cheng Yuan\",\n \"Bin Zhang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration. Extensive clinical and genomic studies have revealed biomarkers, risk factors, pathways, and targets of AD in the past decade. However, the exact molecular basis of AD development and progression remains elusive. The emerging single-cell sequencing technology can potentially provide cell-level insights into the disease. Here we systematically review the state-of-the-art bioinformatics approaches to analyze single-cell sequencing data and their applications to AD in 14 major directions, including 1) quality control and normalization, 2) dimension reduction and feature extraction, 3) cell clustering analysis, 4) cell type inference and annotation, 5) differential expression, 6) trajectory inference, 7) copy number variation analysis, 8) integration of single-cell multi-omics, 9) epigenomic analysis, 10) gene network inference, 11) prioritization of cell subpopulations, 12) integrative analysis of human and mouse sc-RNA-seq data, 13) spatial transcriptomics, and 14) comparison of single cell AD mouse model studies and single cell human AD studies. We also address challenges in using human postmortem and mouse tissues and outline future developments in single cell sequencing data analysis. Importantly, we have implemented our recommended workflow for each major analytic direction and applied them to a large single nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) dataset in AD. Key analytic results are reported while the scripts and the data are shared with the research community through GitHub. In summary, this comprehensive review provides insights into various approaches to analyze single cell sequencing data and offers specific guidelines for study design and a variety of analytic directions. The review and the accompanied software tools will serve as a valuable resource for studying cellular and molecular mechanisms of AD, other diseases, or biological systems at the single cell level.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1186/s13024-022-00517-z\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/32b6be050f55381db926444a08008f15302b3b4d\",\n \"result_position\": 21,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 252436702,\n \"title\": \"HTCA: a database with an in-depth characterization of the single-cell human transcriptome\",\n \"venue\": \"Nucleic Acids Res.\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Lu Pan\",\n \"Shaobo Shan\",\n \"R. Tremmel\",\n \"Weiyuan Li\",\n \"Zehuan Liao\",\n \"Hangyu Shi\",\n \"Qishuang Chen\",\n \"Xiaolu Zhang\",\n \"Xuexin Li\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) is one of the most used single-cell omics in recent decades. The exponential growth of single-cell data has immense potential for large-scale integration and in-depth explorations that are more representative of the study population. Efforts have been made to consolidate published data, yet extensive characterization is still lacking. Many focused on raw-data database constructions while others concentrate mainly on gene expression queries. Hereby, we present HTCA (www.htcatlas.org), an interactive database constructed based on ∼2.3 million high-quality cells from ∼3000 scRNA-seq samples and comprised in-depth phenotype profiles of 19 healthy adult and matching fetal tissues. HTCA provides a one-stop interactive query to gene signatures, transcription factor (TF) activities, TF motifs, receptor–ligand interactions, enriched gene ontology (GO) terms, etc. across cell types in adult and fetal tissues. At the same time, HTCA encompasses single-cell splicing variant profiles of 16 adult and fetal tissues, spatial transcriptomics profiles of 11 adult and fetal tissues, and single-cell ATAC-sequencing (scATAC-seq) profiles of 27 adult and fetal tissues. Besides, HTCA provides online analysis tools to perform major steps in a typical scRNA-seq analysis. Altogether, HTCA allows real-time explorations of multi-omics adult and fetal phenotypic profiles and provides tools for a flexible scRNA-seq analysis.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1093/nar/gkac791\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cdf0ce6c08f941db0b32be80e62f38dc4c846e04\",\n \"result_position\": 22,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 276684599,\n \"title\": \"Single-Cell Sequencing: Genomic and Transcriptomic Approaches in Cancer Cell Biology\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Molecular Sciences\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ana Ortega-Batista\",\n \"Yanelys Jaén-Alvarado\",\n \"Dilan Moreno-Labrador\",\n \"N. Gómez\",\n \"G. García\",\n \"Erika N Guerrero\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This article reviews the impact of single-cell sequencing (SCS) on cancer biology research. SCS has revolutionized our understanding of cancer and tumor heterogeneity, clonal evolution, and the complex interplay between cancer cells and tumor microenvironment. SCS provides high-resolution profiling of individual cells in genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic landscapes, facilitating the detection of rare mutations, the characterization of cellular diversity, and the integration of molecular data with phenotypic traits. The integration of SCS with multi-omics has provided a multidimensional view of cellular states and regulatory mechanisms in cancer, uncovering novel regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Advances in computational tools, artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning have been crucial in interpreting the vast amounts of data generated, leading to the identification of new biomarkers and the development of predictive models for patient stratification. Furthermore, there have been emerging technologies such as spatial transcriptomics and in situ sequencing, which promise to further enhance our understanding of tumor microenvironment organization and cellular interactions. As SCS and its related technologies continue to advance, they are expected to drive significant advances in personalized cancer diagnostics, prognosis, and therapy, ultimately improving patient outcomes in the era of precision oncology.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/ijms26052074\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8b38b69885e5e53fa9260297634ff329303ec057\",\n \"result_position\": 23,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 258331889,\n \"title\": \"Representing and extracting knowledge from single-cell data\",\n \"venue\": \"Biophysical Reviews\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ionut Sebastian Mihai\",\n \"Sarang Chafle\",\n \"J. Henriksson\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Single-cell analysis is currently one of the most high-resolution techniques to study biology. The large complex datasets that have been generated have spurred numerous developments in computational biology, in particular the use of advanced statistics and machine learning. This review attempts to explain the deeper theoretical concepts that underpin current state-of-the-art analysis methods. Single-cell analysis is covered from cell, through instruments, to current and upcoming models. The aim of this review is to spread concepts which are not yet in common use, especially from topology and generative processes, and how new statistical models can be developed to capture more of biology. This opens epistemological questions regarding our ontology and models, and some pointers will be given to how natural language processing (NLP) may help overcome our cognitive limitations for understanding single-cell data.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s12551-023-01091-4\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7563ff1d1a150d8a5720370dad25a7b2c6f0e7dd\",\n \"result_position\": 24,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 244772861,\n \"title\": \"Redefining intestinal immunity with single-cell transcriptomics\",\n \"venue\": \"Mucosal Immunology\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"K. James\",\n \"R. Elmentaite\",\n \"S. Teichmann\",\n \"G. Hold\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The intestinal immune system represents the largest collection of immune cells in the body and is continually exposed to antigens from food and the microbiota. Here we discuss the contribution of single-cell transcriptomics in shaping our understanding of this complex system. We consider the impact on resolving early intestine development, engagement with the neighbouring microbiota, diversity of intestinal immune cells, compartmentalisation within the intestines and interactions with non-immune cells. Finally, we offer a perspective on open questions about gut immunity that evolving single-cell technologies are well placed to address.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s41385-021-00470-y\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/20edae40df77682764a0124403ab39bca5a9e53e\",\n \"result_position\": 25,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 260530311,\n \"title\": \"Interactive analysis of single-cell data using flexible workflows with SCTK2\",\n \"venue\": \"Patterns\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yichen Wang\",\n \"Irzam Sarfraz\",\n \"Nida Pervaiz\",\n \"R. Hong\",\n \"Y. Koga\",\n \"V. Akavoor\",\n \"Xinyun Cao\",\n \"Salam Alabdullatif\",\n \"Syed Ali Shah Zaib\",\n \"Zhe Wang\",\n \"Frederick Jansen\",\n \"Masanao Yajima\",\n \"W. E. Johnson\",\n \"J. D. Campbell\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Summary Analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data can reveal novel insights into the heterogeneity of complex biological systems. Many tools and workflows have been developed to perform different types of analyses. However, these tools are spread across different packages or programming environments, rely on different underlying data structures, and can only be utilized by people with knowledge of programming languages. In the Single-Cell Toolkit 2 (SCTK2), we have integrated a variety of popular tools and workflows to perform various aspects of scRNA-seq analysis. All tools and workflows can be run in the R console or using an intuitive graphical user interface built with R/Shiny. HTML reports generated with Rmarkdown can be used to document and recapitulate individual steps or entire analysis workflows. We show that the toolkit offers more features when compared with existing tools and allows for a seamless analysis of scRNA-seq data for non-computational users.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.patter.2023.100814\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/40284001ec42ce23ff3998b954d34ef37ef103bb\",\n \"result_position\": 26,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 221671384,\n \"title\": \"An era of single-cell genomics consortia\",\n \"venue\": \"Experimental and Molecular Medicine\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yoshinari Ando\",\n \"A. T. Kwon\",\n \"Jay W. Shin\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The human body consists of 37 trillion single cells represented by over 50 organs that are stitched together to make us who we are, yet we still have very little understanding about the basic units of our body: what cell types and states make up our organs both compositionally and spatially. Previous efforts to profile a wide range of human cell types have been attempted by the FANTOM and GTEx consortia. Now, with the advancement in genomic technologies, profiling the human body at single-cell resolution is possible and will generate an unprecedented wealth of data that will accelerate basic and clinical research with tangible applications to future medicine. To date, several major organs have been profiled, but the challenges lie in ways to integrate single-cell genomics data in a meaningful way. In recent years, several consortia have begun to introduce harmonization and equity in data collection and analysis. Herein, we introduce existing and nascent single-cell genomics consortia, and present benefits to necessitate single-cell genomic consortia in a regional environment to achieve the universal human cell reference dataset. Profiling the human body at the single cell resolution will reveal a map to enable researchers to compare cell types that are found in healthy and disease tissues at a much finer resolution. Large international projects such as FANTOM (Functional ANnoTation Of the Mammalian genome) and GTEx (Genotype-Tissue Expression) have profiled gene expression in hundreds of human cell types. However, the data were obtained from ‘bulk’ samples. The possibility of sequencing large numbers of single cells at a reasonable cost offers the opportunity to create a much more detailed human cell reference map. Jay Shin, at the RIKEN Institute, Yokohama, Japan, and colleagues review rapidly growing single cell genomics consortia and highlight the advantages of initiating national collaborations to harmonize procedures and to obtain a more accurate representation of regional ethnic diversity.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s12276-020-0409-x\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fc6c2296466d979680f59251edaac83afed0f3ef\",\n \"result_position\": 27,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 272395257,\n \"title\": \"Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing: Opening New Horizons for Breast Cancer Research\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Molecular Sciences\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"L. Xiang\",\n \"Jie Rao\",\n \"Jingping Yuan\",\n \"T. Xie\",\n \"Honglin Yan\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignant tumor among women with high heterogeneity. Traditional techniques frequently struggle to comprehensively capture the intricacy and variety of cellular states and interactions within breast cancer. As global precision medicine rapidly advances, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has become a highly effective technique, revolutionizing breast cancer research by offering unprecedented insights into the cellular heterogeneity and complexity of breast cancer. This cutting-edge technology facilitates the analysis of gene expression profiles at the single-cell level, uncovering diverse cell types and states within the tumor microenvironment. By dissecting the cellular composition and transcriptional signatures of breast cancer cells, scRNA-seq provides new perspectives for understanding the mechanisms behind tumor therapy, drug resistance and metastasis in breast cancer. In this review, we summarized the working principle and workflow of scRNA-seq and emphasized the major applications and discoveries of scRNA-seq in breast cancer research, highlighting its impact on our comprehension of breast cancer biology and its potential for guiding personalized treatment strategies.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/ijms25179482\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1d20b5e78664c0194ad04247bdfc15101c7c5f63\",\n \"result_position\": 28,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 279111026,\n \"title\": \"scDown: A Pipeline for Single-Cell RNA-Seq Downstream Analysis\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Molecular Sciences\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Liang Sun\",\n \"Qianyi Ma\",\n \"Chunhui Cai\",\n \"Maryam Labaf\",\n \"Ashish Jain\",\n \"C. Dias\",\n \"S. Rockowitz\",\n \"Piotr Sliz\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Single-cell transcriptomics data are analyzed using two popular tools, Seurat and Scanpy. Multiple separate tools are used downstream of Seurat and Scanpy cell annotation to study cell differentiation and communication, including cell proportion difference analysis between conditions, pseudotime and trajectory analyses to study cell transition, and cell–cell communication analysis. To automate the integrative cell differentiation and communication analyses of single-cell RNA-seq data, we developed a single-cell RNA-seq downstream analysis pipeline called “scDown”. This R package includes cell proportion difference analysis, cell–cell communication analysis, pseudotime analysis, and RNA velocity analysis. Both Seurat and Scanpy annotated single-cell RNA-seq data are accepted in this pipeline. We applied scDown to a published dataset and identified a unique, previously undiscovered signature of neuronal inflammatory signaling associated with a rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorder. These findings were not identified with a simple implementation of Seurat differential gene expression analysis, illustrating the value of our pipeline in biological discovery. scDown can be broadly utilized in downstream analyses of scRNA-seq data, particularly in rare diseases.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/ijms26115297\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7a1e8ae4a492d3d51dbc63a53da3ef81d0d403f7\",\n \"result_position\": 29,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 261448706,\n \"title\": \"ScRNAPip: A systematic and dynamic pipeline for single‐cell RNA sequencing analysis\",\n \"venue\": \"iMeta\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Limin Xu\",\n \"Jing Zhang\",\n \"Yiqian He\",\n \"Qianqian Yang\",\n \"T. Mu\",\n \"Qiushi Guo\",\n \"Yingqiang Li\",\n \"T. Tong\",\n \"Shifu Chen\",\n \"R. Ye\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract With the advancement of sequencing technology, cell separation, and whole‐genome amplification techniques, single cell technology for genome sequencing is emerging gradually. In comparison to traditional genome sequencing at the multi‐cellular level, single‐cell sequencing can not only measure the gene expression level more accurately but also can detect a small amount of gene expression or rare noncoding RNA. This technology has garnered increasing interest among researchers engaged in single‐cell studies in recent years. Here, we developed a reproducible computational workflow for scRNA‐seq data analysis which including tasks like quality control, normalization, data correction, pseudotime analysis, copy number analysis, etc. We illustrate the application of these steps using publicly available datasets and provide practical recommendations for their implementation. This study serves as a comprehensive tutorial for researchers keen on single‐cell data analysis, aiding users in constructing and refining their own analysis pipelines.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1002/imt2.132\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/758570c7043b446b1e3cf0db2f661010509e0d0e\",\n \"result_position\": 30,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 244448582,\n \"title\": \"sc2MeNetDrug: A computational tool to uncover inter-cell signaling targets and identify relevant drugs based on single cell RNA-seq data\",\n \"venue\": \"bioRxiv\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jiarui Feng\",\n \"S. Goedegebuure\",\n \"Amanda Zeng\",\n \"Y. Bi\",\n \"Ting Wang\",\n \"Philip R. O. Payne\",\n \"L. Ding\",\n \"D. DeNardo\",\n \"W. Hawkins\",\n \"R. Fields\",\n \"Fuhai Li\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a powerful technology to investigate the transcriptional programs in stromal, immune, and disease cells, like tumor cells or neurons within the Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) brain or tumor microenvironment (ME) or niche. Cell-cell communications within ME play important roles in disease progression and immunotherapy response and are novel and critical therapeutic targets. Though many tools of scRNA-seq analysis have been developed to investigate the heterogeneity and sub-populations of cells, few were designed for uncovering cell-cell communications of ME and predicting the potentially effective drugs to inhibit the communications. Moreover, the data analysis processes of discovering signaling communication networks and effective drugs using scRNA-seq data are complex and involve a set of critical analysis processes and external supportive data resources, which are difficult for researchers who have no strong computational background and training in scRNA-seq data analysis. To address these challenges, in this study, we developed a novel open-source computational tool, sc2MeNetDrug (https://fuhaililab.github.io/sc2MeNetDrug/). It was specifically designed using scRNA-seq data to identify cell types within disease MEs, uncover the dysfunctional signaling pathways within individual cell types and interactions among different cell types, and predict effective drugs that can potentially disrupt cell-cell signaling communications. sc2MeNetDrug provided a user-friendly graphical user interface to encapsulate the data analysis modules, which can facilitate the scRNA-seq data-based discovery of novel inter-cell signaling communications and novel therapeutic regimens.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011785\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3e6d6030ce19825dae79d5a8ab9a137fad909af2\",\n \"result_position\": 31,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 218766630,\n \"title\": \"Integrated Computational Pipeline for Single-Cell Genomic Profiling\",\n \"venue\": \"JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Lubomir Chorbadjiev\",\n \"J. Kendall\",\n \"Joan Alexander\",\n \"Viacheslav Zhygulin\",\n \"Junyan Song\",\n \"M. Wigler\",\n \"A. Krasnitz\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"PURPOSE Copy-number profiling of multiple individual cells from sparse sequencing may be used to reveal a detailed picture of genomic heterogeneity and clonal organization in a tissue biopsy specimen. We sought to provide a comprehensive computational pipeline for single-cell genomics, to facilitate adoption of this molecular technology for basic and translational research. MATERIALS AND METHODS The pipeline comprises software tools programmed in Python and in R and depends on Bowtie, HISAT2, Matplotlib, and Qt. It is installed and used with Anaconda. RESULTS Here we describe a complete pipeline for sparse single-cell genomic data, encompassing all steps of single-nucleus DNA copy-number profiling, from raw sequence processing to clonal structure analysis and visualization. For the latter, a specialized graphical user interface termed the single-cell genome viewer (SCGV) is provided. With applications to cancer diagnostics in mind, the SCGV allows for zooming and linkage to the University of California at Santa Cruz Genome Browser from each of the multiple integrated views of single-cell copy-number profiles. The latter can be organized by clonal substructure or by any of the associated metadata such as anatomic location and histologic characterization. CONCLUSION The pipeline is available as open-source software for Linux and OS X. Its modular structure, extensive documentation, and ease of deployment using Anaconda facilitate its adoption by researchers and practitioners of single-cell genomics. With open-source availability and Massachusetts Institute of Technology licensing, it provides a basis for additional development by the cancer bioinformatics community.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1200/CCI.19.00171\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6c6e4b6a53c7f1692e4d4df54eb47509d871ef9a\",\n \"result_position\": 32,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 232327611,\n \"title\": \"SCAPTURE: a deep learning-embedded pipeline that captures polyadenylation information from 3′ tag-based RNA-seq of single cells\",\n \"venue\": \"Genome Biology\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Guo-Wei Li\",\n \"Fang Nan\",\n \"Guoliang Yuan\",\n \"Chu-Xiao Liu\",\n \"Xindong Liu\",\n \"Ling-Ling Chen\",\n \"Bin Tian\",\n \"Li Yang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) profiles gene expression with high resolution. Here, we develop a stepwise computational method-called SCAPTURE to identify, evaluate, and quantify cleavage and polyadenylation sites (PASs) from 3′ tag-based scRNA-seq. SCAPTURE detects PASs de novo in single cells with high sensitivity and accuracy, enabling detection of previously unannotated PASs. Quantified alternative PAS transcripts refine cell identity analysis beyond gene expression, enriching information extracted from scRNA-seq data. Using SCAPTURE, we show changes of PAS usage in PBMCs from infected versus healthy individuals at single-cell resolution.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1186/s13059-021-02437-5\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5c5863ebf87e483e98afdbd4ec22c8eff7a8ab99\",\n \"result_position\": 33,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 51942532,\n \"title\": \"Single-cell RNA sequencing technologies and bioinformatics pipelines\",\n \"venue\": \"Experimental and Molecular Medicine\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Byungjin Hwang\",\n \"J. Lee\",\n \"Duhee Bang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Rapid progress in the development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies in recent years has provided many valuable insights into complex biological systems, ranging from cancer genomics to diverse microbial communities. NGS-based technologies for genomics, transcriptomics, and epigenomics are now increasingly focused on the characterization of individual cells. These single-cell analyses will allow researchers to uncover new and potentially unexpected biological discoveries relative to traditional profiling methods that assess bulk populations. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), for example, can reveal complex and rare cell populations, uncover regulatory relationships between genes, and track the trajectories of distinct cell lineages in development. In this review, we will focus on technical challenges in single-cell isolation and library preparation and on computational analysis pipelines available for analyzing scRNA-seq data. Further technical improvements at the level of molecular and cell biology and in available bioinformatics tools will greatly facilitate both the basic science and medical applications of these sequencing technologies. Showing which genes are expressed, or switched on, in individual cells may help to reveal the first signs of disease. Each cell in an organism contains the same genetic information, but cell type and behavior depend on which genes are expressed. Previously, researchers could only sequence cells in batches, averaging the results, but technological improvements now allow sequencing of the genes expressed in an individual cell, known as single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Ji Hyun Lee (Kyung Hee University, Seoul) and Duhee Bang and Byungjin Hwang (Yonsei University, Seoul) have reviewed the available scRNA-seq technologies and the strategies available to analyze the large quantities of data produced. They conclude that scRNA-seq will impact both basic and medical science, from illuminating drug resistance in cancer to revealing the complex pathways of cell differentiation during development.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s12276-018-0071-8\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/219bee9fde1303f423fac52ff373f19552c60d53\",\n \"result_position\": 34,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 270371816,\n \"title\": \"Advances in Machine Learning, Statistical Methods, and AI for Single-Cell RNA Annotation Using Raw Count Matrices in scRNA-seq Data\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Patel\",\n \"Nimish Magre\",\n \"H.V. Motwani\",\n \"N. Brown\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has revolutionized our ability to analyze gene expression at the resolution of individual cells, providing unprecedented insights into cellular heterogeneity and complex biological systems. This paper reviews various advanced computational and machine learning techniques tailored for the analysis of scRNA-seq data, emphasizing their roles in different stages of the data processing pipeline.\",\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/48594592acd1500bd78e99d6655d7fcf44e49944\",\n \"result_position\": 35,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 264146575,\n \"title\": \"Graph neural network approaches for single-cell data: a recent overview\",\n \"venue\": \"Neural computing & applications (Print)\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Konstantinos Lazaros\",\n \"Dimitrios E Koumadorakis\",\n \"Vlamos\",\n \"Aristidis G. Vrahatis\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Graph neural networks (GNNs) are reshaping our understanding of biomedicine and diseases by revealing the deep connections among genes and cells. As both algorithmic and biomedical technologies have advanced significantly, we are entering a transformative phase of personalized medicine. While pioneering tools like graph attention networks (GATs) and graph convolutional neural networks (Graph CNN) are advancing graph-based learning, the rise of single-cell sequencing techniques is reshaping our insights on cellular diversity and function. Numerous studies have combined GNNs with single-cell data, showing promising results. In this work, we highlight the GNN methodologies tailored for single-cell data over the recent years. We outline the diverse range of graph deep learning architectures that center on GAT methodologies. Furthermore, we underscore the several objectives of GNN strategies in single-cell data contexts, ranging from cell-type annotation, data integration and imputation, gene regulatory network reconstruction, clustering and many others. This review anticipates a future where GNNs become central to single-cell analysis efforts, particularly as vast omics datasets are continuously generated and the interconnectedness of cells and genes enhances our depth of knowledge in biomedicine.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s00521-024-09662-6\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9218c364519e9f6b707e32f7a420fcdb00d71d94\",\n \"result_position\": 36,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 222148956,\n \"title\": \"A semi-automatic cell type annotation method for single-cell RNA sequencing dataset\",\n \"venue\": \"Genomics & Informatics\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Wan Kim\",\n \"Sung Min Yoon\",\n \"Sangsoo Kim\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has been widely applied to provide insights into the cell-by-cell expression difference in a given bulk sample. Accordingly, numerous analysis methods have been developed. As it involves simultaneous analyses of many cell and genes, efficiency of the methods is crucial. The conventional cell type annotation method is laborious and subjective. Here we propose a semi-automatic method that calculates a normalized score for each cell type based on user-supplied cell type–specific marker gene list. The method was applied to a publicly available scRNA-seq data of mouse cardiac non-myocyte cell pool. Annotating the 35 t-stochastic neighbor embedding clusters into 12 cell types was straightforward, and its accuracy was evaluated by constructing co-expression network for each cell type. Gene Ontology analysis was congruent with the annotated cell type and the corollary regulatory network analysis showed upstream transcription factors that have well supported literature evidences. The source code is available as an R script upon request.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5808/GI.2020.18.3.e26\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e666e0833a62e02984cd47a778f665e47283d195\",\n \"result_position\": 37,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 255577520,\n \"title\": \"An era of single-cell genomics consortia\",\n \"venue\": \"Experimental and Molecular Medicine\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yoshinari Ando\",\n \"A. T. Kwon\",\n \"Jay W. Shin\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The human body consists of 37 trillion single cells represented by over 50 organs that are stitched together to make us who we are, yet we still have very little understanding about the basic units of our body: what cell types and states make up our organs both compositionally and spatially. Previous efforts to profile a wide range of human cell types have been attempted by the FANTOM and GTEx consortia. Now, with the advancement in genomic technologies, profiling the human body at single-cell resolution is possible and will generate an unprecedented wealth of data that will accelerate basic and clinical research with tangible applications to future medicine. To date, several major organs have been profiled, but the challenges lie in ways to integrate single-cell genomics data in a meaningful way. In recent years, several consortia have begun to introduce harmonization and equity in data collection and analysis. Herein, we introduce existing and nascent single-cell genomics consortia, and present benefits to necessitate single-cell genomic consortia in a regional environment to achieve the universal human cell reference dataset. Profiling the human body at the single cell resolution will reveal a map to enable researchers to compare cell types that are found in healthy and disease tissues at a much finer resolution. Large international projects such as FANTOM (Functional ANnoTation Of the Mammalian genome) and GTEx (Genotype-Tissue Expression) have profiled gene expression in hundreds of human cell types. However, the data were obtained from ‘bulk’ samples. The possibility of sequencing large numbers of single cells at a reasonable cost offers the opportunity to create a much more detailed human cell reference map. Jay Shin, at the RIKEN Institute, Yokohama, Japan, and colleagues review rapidly growing single cell genomics consortia and highlight the advantages of initiating national collaborations to harmonize procedures and to obtain a more accurate representation of regional ethnic diversity.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s12276-020-0409-x\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/15060677c7e575bd32b68d6f9fad963970ebfac3\",\n \"result_position\": 38,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 231960440,\n \"title\": \"Automated methods for cell type annotation on scRNA-seq data\",\n \"venue\": \"Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"G. Pasquini\",\n \"J. E. Rojo Arias\",\n \"P. Schäfer\",\n \"V. Busskamp\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The advent of single-cell sequencing started a new era of transcriptomic and genomic research, advancing our knowledge of the cellular heterogeneity and dynamics. Cell type annotation is a crucial step in analyzing single-cell RNA sequencing data, yet manual annotation is time-consuming and partially subjective. As an alternative, tools have been developed for automatic cell type identification. Different strategies have emerged to ultimately associate gene expression profiles of single cells with a cell type either by using curated marker gene databases, correlating reference expression data, or transferring labels by supervised classification. In this review, we present an overview of the available tools and the underlying approaches to perform automated cell type annotations on scRNA-seq data.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.csbj.2021.01.015\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/602cd2d54b0fcbff07bcbef0b19303632df04fe1\",\n \"result_position\": 39,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 271642150,\n \"title\": \"MAMS: matrix and analysis metadata standards to facilitate harmonization and reproducibility of single-cell data\",\n \"venue\": \"Genome Biology\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Irzam Sarfraz\",\n \"Yichen Wang\",\n \"Amulya Shastry\",\n \"Wei Kheng Teh\",\n \"Artem Sokolov\",\n \"Brian R. Herb\",\n \"H. Creasy\",\n \"Isaac Virshup\",\n \"R. Dries\",\n \"Kylee Degatano\",\n \"A. Mahurkar\",\n \"Daniel Schnell\",\n \"Pedro Madrigal\",\n \"Jason A. Hilton\",\n \"Nils Gehlenborg\",\n \"Timothy Tickle\",\n \"Joshua D. Campbell\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Many datasets are being produced by consortia that seek to characterize healthy and disease tissues at single-cell resolution. While biospecimen and experimental information is often captured, detailed metadata standards related to data matrices and analysis workflows are currently lacking. To address this, we develop the matrix and analysis metadata standards (MAMS) to serve as a resource for data centers, repositories, and tool developers. We define metadata fields for matrices and parameters commonly utilized in analytical workflows and developed the rmams package to extract MAMS from single-cell objects. Overall, MAMS promotes the harmonization, integration, and reproducibility of single-cell data across platforms.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1186/s13059-024-03349-w\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4a955423d0b2ec5683abe6a38f8337e4829c241f\",\n \"result_position\": 40,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 265228541,\n \"title\": \"SCInter: A comprehensive single-cell transcriptome integration database for human and mouse\",\n \"venue\": \"Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jun Zhao\",\n \"Yuezhu Wang\",\n \"Chenchen Feng\",\n \"Mingxue Yin\",\n \"Yu Gao\",\n \"Ling Wei\",\n \"Chao Song\",\n \"B. Ai\",\n \"Qiuyu Wang\",\n \"Jian Zhang\",\n \"Jiang Zhu\",\n \"Chunquan Li\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), which profiles gene expression at the cellular level, has effectively explored cell heterogeneity and reconstructed developmental trajectories. With the increasing research on diseases and biological processes, scRNA-seq datasets are accumulating rapidly, highlighting the urgent need for collecting and processing these data to support comprehensive and effective annotation and analysis. Here, we have developed a comprehensive Single-Cell transcriptome integration database for human and mouse (SCInter, https://bio.liclab.net/SCInter/index.php), which aims to provide a manually curated database that supports the provision of gene expression profiles across various cell types at the sample level. The current version of SCInter includes 115 integrated datasets and 1016 samples, covering nearly 150 tissues/cell lines. It contains 8016,646 cell markers in 457 identified cell types. SCInter enabled comprehensive analysis of cataloged single-cell data encompassing quality control (QC), clustering, cell markers, multi-method cell type automatic annotation, predicting cell differentiation trajectories and so on. At the same time, SCInter provided a user-friendly interface to query, browse, analyze and visualize each integrated dataset and single cell sample, along with comprehensive QC reports and processing results. It will facilitate the identification of cell type in different cell subpopulations and explore developmental trajectories, enhancing the study of cell heterogeneity in the fields of immunology and oncology.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.csbj.2023.11.024\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/742cb36e9e79dca6b2b7c10044ae3824325d22db\",\n \"result_position\": 41,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 278148723,\n \"title\": \"Mapping immune cell dynamics and macrophage plasticity in breast cancer tumor microenvironment through single-cell analysis\",\n \"venue\": \"Discover Oncology\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Wang Chen\",\n \"Siyu Zeng\",\n \"Junyong Zhong\",\n \"Jian Zou\",\n \"Yanli Lei\",\n \"Xiaohan Chen\",\n \"Qinghua Mei\",\n \"Qianhua Luo\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Breast cancer (BRCA) is a complex disease influenced by the tumor microenvironment, where interactions between immune cells and cancer cells play a crucial role in tumor progression and response to therapy. Understanding the intricacies of these interactions requires detailed analysis at the single-cell level, enabling the identification of specific immune cell subpopulations and their functional roles within the tumor milieu. This study comprehensively analyzed immune cell subpopulations and macrophage subtypes in BRCA using single-cell RNA sequencing technology and various computational tools. Initially, Sc-Type software accurately identified and annotated immune cell subpopulations, followed by CNV analysis using infercnv software, revealing significant CNV variations in epithelial cells. Subsequently, macrophages were re-clustered into 5 clusters, and their biological significance and functional features were assessed. CellChat analysis elucidated potential interactions between macrophage subtypes and BRCA cells, primarily through SPP1-CD44 and LGALS9-CD44 signaling networks. Additionally, CytoTRACE and Monocle were employed to analyze cellular plasticity and differentiation trajectories of macrophage subtypes. Furthermore, efferocytosis-related gene set scoring, transcription factor analysis, and risk score development were conducted, followed by immune infiltration and tumor mutation burden analysis, revealing increased immune infiltration and higher TMB levels in the high-risk group. These findings offer crucial insights into the interaction mechanisms of immune cells and macrophage subtypes within the BRCA tumor microenvironment, aiding in the understanding of tumor progression and therapeutic interventions.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s12672-025-02419-0\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/61362329e16982a536f86bb6af1a06a1e1ff5d77\",\n \"result_position\": 42,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 279529608,\n \"title\": \"Integrating Artificial Intelligence in Next-Generation Sequencing: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions\",\n \"venue\": \"Current Issues in Molecular Biology\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Konstantina Athanasopoulou\",\n \"V. Michalopoulou\",\n \"Andreas Scorilas\",\n \"P. Adamopoulos\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized genomics, offering unprecedented advancements in data analysis, accuracy, and scalability. This review explores the synergistic relationship between AI and NGS, highlighting its transformative impact across genomic research and clinical applications. AI-driven tools, including machine learning and deep learning, enhance every aspect of NGS workflows—from experimental design and wet-lab automation to bioinformatics analysis of the generated raw data. Key applications of AI integration in NGS include variant calling, epigenomic profiling, transcriptomics, and single-cell sequencing, where AI models such as CNNs, RNNs, and hybrid architectures outperform traditional methods. In cancer research, AI enables precise tumor subtyping, biomarker discovery, and personalized therapy prediction, while in drug discovery, it accelerates target identification and repurposing. Despite these advancements, challenges persist, including data heterogeneity, model interpretability, and ethical concerns. This review also discusses the emerging role of AI in third-generation sequencing (TGS), addressing long-read-specific challenges, like fast and accurate basecalling, as well as epigenetic modification detection. Future directions should focus on implementing federated learning to address data privacy, advancing interpretable AI to improve clinical trust and developing unified frameworks for seamless integration of multi-modal omics data. By fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, AI promises to unlock new frontiers in precision medicine, making genomic insights more actionable and scalable.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/cimb47060470\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/180728d603923b8e1d949771cc400485d48b8655\",\n \"result_position\": 43,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 246942965,\n \"title\": \"Isolating and cryopreserving pig skin cells for single-cell RNA sequencing study\",\n \"venue\": \"PLoS ONE\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ling Han\",\n \"C. P. Jara\",\n \"O. Wang\",\n \"Yu Shi\",\n \"Xinran Wu\",\n \"S. Thibivilliers\",\n \"Rafał K Wóycicki\",\n \"M. A. Carlson\",\n \"W. Velander\",\n \"E. P. Araújo\",\n \"Marc Libault\",\n \"Chi Zhang\",\n \"Y. Lei\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The pig skin architecture and physiology are similar to those of humans. Thus, the pig model is very valuable for studying skin biology and testing therapeutics. The single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology allows quantitatively analyzing cell types, compositions, states, signaling, and receptor-ligand interactome at single-cell resolution and at high throughput. scRNA-seq has been used to study mouse and human skins. However, studying pig skin with scRNA-seq is still rare. A critical step for successful scRNA-seq is to obtain high-quality single cells from the pig skin tissue. Here we report a robust method for isolating and cryopreserving pig skin single cells for scRNA-seq. We showed that pig skin could be efficiently dissociated into single cells with high cell viability using the Miltenyi Human Whole Skin Dissociation kit and the Miltenyi gentleMACS Dissociator. Furthermore, the obtained single cells could be cryopreserved using 90% FBS + 10% DMSO without causing additional cell death, cell aggregation, or changes in gene expression profiles. Using the developed protocol, we were able to identify all the major skin cell types. The protocol and results from this study are valuable for the skin research scientific community.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1371/journal.pone.0263869\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/93a4b6af3a4fcdf3d9b9e33940bad10135b97b4e\",\n \"result_position\": 44,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 266056682,\n \"title\": \"SingleScan: a comprehensive resource for single-cell sequencing data processing and mining\",\n \"venue\": \"BMC Bioinformatics\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Kun Wang\",\n \"Xiao Zhang\",\n \"Hansen Cheng\",\n \"Wenhao Ma\",\n \"Guangchao Bao\",\n \"Liting Dong\",\n \"Yixiong Gou\",\n \"Jian Yang\",\n \"Haoyang Cai\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Single-cell sequencing has shed light on previously inaccessible biological questions from different fields of research, including organism development, immune function, and disease progression. The number of single-cell-based studies increased dramatically over the past decade. Several new methods and tools have been continuously developed, making it extremely tricky to navigate this research landscape and develop an up-to-date workflow to analyze single-cell sequencing data, particularly for researchers seeking to enter this field without computational experience. Moreover, choosing appropriate tools and optimal parameters to meet the demands of researchers represents a major challenge in processing single-cell sequencing data. However, a specific resource for easy access to detailed information on single-cell sequencing methods and data processing pipelines is still lacking. In the present study, an online resource called SingleScan was developed to curate all up-to-date single-cell transcriptome/genome analyzing tools and pipelines. All the available tools were categorized according to their main tasks, and several typical workflows for single-cell data analysis were summarized. In addition, spatial transcriptomics, which is a breakthrough molecular analysis method that enables researchers to measure all gene activity in tissue samples and map the site of activity, was included along with a portion of single-cell and spatial analysis solutions. For each processing step, the available tools and specific parameters used in published articles are provided and how these parameters affect the results is shown in the resource. All information used in the resource was manually extracted from related literature. An interactive website was designed for data retrieval, visualization, and download. By analyzing the included tools and literature, users can gain insights into the trends of single-cell studies and easily grasp the specific usage of a specific tool. SingleScan will facilitate the analysis of single-cell sequencing data and promote the development of new tools to meet the growing and diverse needs of the research community. The SingleScan database is publicly accessible via the website at http://cailab.labshare.cn/SingleScan .\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1186/s12859-023-05590-9\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/17acf471a92fb3014696179342bba660f465dc23\",\n \"result_position\": 45,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 274855281,\n \"title\": \"Biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets driving progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis to hepatocellular carcinoma predicted through transcriptomic analysis\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Immunology\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Hui Fan\",\n \"Rong Wang\",\n \"Bin Wen\",\n \"Jing Xiong\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Background Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the most prevalent chronic liver condition globally, with potential progression to cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The increasing prevalence of NASH underscores the urgent need for advanced diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Despite its widespread impact, effective treatments to prevent the progression of NASH remain elusive, highlighting the critical importance of innovative molecular techniques in both the diagnosis and management of this disease. Methods Six microarray datasets available in GEO were used to perform Robust Rank Aggregation (RRA) to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs).We identified 62 robust upregulated genes and 24 robust downregulated genes. These genes were undergone Gene Ontology enrichment analysis and further examination for expression correlation with NAS score. Molecular subtypes were generated using “ConsensusClusterPlus” on identified genes, which were further assessed for tumor stage relevance, expression differences in adjacent and tumor tissues, and impact on survival in TCGA liver cancer patients. Single-cell analysis was then used to explore the genes across different cell types and subgroups as well as cell-type interactions. The clinical utility of predicted core genes was highlighted through decision curve analysis, with emphasis on HCC prognosis. The GDSC database was used to evaluate the relationship between the predicted core genes and drug sensitivity, while the TIDE database was used to evaluate their relationship with immunotherapy. Results Four core genes, TREM2, GDF15, TTC39A, and ANXA2, were identified as key to influencing HCC prognosis and therapy responsiveness, especially immune treatment efficacy in NASH-associated HCC. Conclusion The core genes may act as critical biomarkers driving the progression of NASH to HCC. They are potential novel targets for the diagnosis and treatment of NASH progression, offering innovative perspectives for its clinical management.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fimmu.2024.1502263\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d779c7e99d5bd3961c73f9b1c0802f0c7b38a274\",\n \"result_position\": 46,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 275142560,\n \"title\": \"Turning attention to tumor–host interface and focus on the peritumoral heterogeneity of glioblastoma\",\n \"venue\": \"Nature Communications\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Fang Wang\",\n \"Jiawei Dong\",\n \"Yuyun Xu\",\n \"Jiaqi Jin\",\n \"Yan Xu\",\n \"Xiuwei Yan\",\n \"Zhihui Liu\",\n \"Hongtao Zhao\",\n \"Jiheng Zhang\",\n \"Nan Wang\",\n \"Xueyan Hu\",\n \"Xin Gao\",\n \"Lei Xu\",\n \"Chengyun Yang\",\n \"Shuai Ma\",\n \"Jianyang Du\",\n \"Ying Hu\",\n \"Hang Ji\",\n \"Shaoshan Hu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Approximately 90% of glioblastoma recurrences occur in the peritumoral brain zone (PBZ), while the spatial heterogeneity of the PBZ is not well studied. In this study, two PBZ tissues and one tumor tissue sample are obtained from each patient via preoperative imaging. We assess the microenvironment and the characteristics of infiltrating immune/tumor cells using various techniques. Our data indicate there are one or more regions with higher cerebral blood flow in PBZ, which we collectively name the “higher cerebral blood flow interface” (HBI). The HBI exhibited more neovascularization than the “lower cerebral blood flow interfaces” (LBI). The HBI tend to have increased infiltration of macrophages and T lymphocytes infiltration compared with that in LBI. There are more tumor cells in the HBI than in LBI, with substantial differences in the gene expression profiles of these tumor cells. HBI may be the key area of PBZ-targeting therapy after surgical resection. The spatial heterogeneity of peritumoral brain zone (PBZ) in glioblastoma, where 90% of reoccurrence occurs, remains poorly characterised. Here, the authors suggest that high cerebral blood flow regions in the PBZ are the main regions of tumour and immune cell infiltration.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s41467-024-55243-5\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1332adb107deebc84becc80e062e225cebcbced2\",\n \"result_position\": 47,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 259976047,\n \"title\": \"BERLIN: Basic Explorer for single-cell RNAseq analysis and cell Lineage Determination\",\n \"venue\": \"bioRxiv\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Gabrielle Nobles\",\n \"Alyssa N. Obermayer\",\n \"C. Yang\",\n \"T. Zelenka\",\n \"Thanh N Nugyen\",\n \"Zhihua Chen\",\n \"José R. Conejo-Garcia\",\n \"D. Avram\",\n \"Xiao-yuan Yu\",\n \"Y. A. Chen\",\n \"Timothy I. Shaw\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Single-cell RNA sequencing has revolutionized the study of immuno-oncology, cancer biology, and developmental biology by enabling the joint characterization of gene expression and cellular heterogeneity in a single platform. As of July 2023, the Gene Expression Omnibus now contains over 4000 published single-cell data sets, providing an invaluable opportunity for reanalysis to identify new cell types or cellular states as well as their defining transcriptional programs. To facilitate the reprocessing of these public datasets, we have devised a single-cell RNA sequencing analysis framework for data retrieval, quality control, expression normalization, dimension reduction, cell clustering, and data integration. Additionally, we have developed a Shiny App visualization platform that enables the exploration of gene expression, cell type annotations, and cell lineages through a user interface. We performed a re-analysis of single-cell RNAseq data generated from acute myeloid leukemia and tumor-reactive lymphocytes and found our pipeline to faithfully recapitulated the cell type assignment as well as expected lineage trajectories. Altogether, we present BERLIN, a single-cell RNAseq analysis pipeline that facilitates the integration and public dissemination of results from the reanalysis.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1101/2023.07.13.548919\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0337201592a549c0d88ba16bb2b8e2f4ef421b83\",\n \"result_position\": 48,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 252899083,\n \"title\": \"Benchmarking automated cell type annotation tools for single-cell ATAC-seq data\",\n \"venue\": \"bioRxiv\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yuge Wang\",\n \"Xingzhi Sun\",\n \"Hongyu Zhao\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"As single-cell chromatin accessibility profiling methods advance, scATAC-seq has become ever more important in the study of candidate regulatory genomic regions and their roles underlying developmental, evolutionary and disease processes. At the same time, cell type annotation is critical in understanding the cellular composition of complex tissues and identifying potential novel cell types. However, most existing methods that can perform automated cell type annotation are designed to transfer labels from an annotated scRNA-seq data set to another scRNA-seq data set, and it is not clear whether these methods are adaptable to annotate scATAC-seq data. Several methods have been recently proposed for label transfer from scRNA-seq data to scATAC-seq data, but there is a lack of benchmarking study on the performance of these methods. Here, we evaluated the performance of five scATAC-seq annotation methods on both their classification accuracy and scalability using publicly available single-cell datasets from mouse and human tissues including brain, lung, kidney, PBMC and BMMC. Using the BMMC data as basis, we further investigated the performance of these methods across different data sizes, mislabeling rates, sequencing depths and the number of cell types unique to scATAC-seq. Bridge integration, which is the only method that requires additional multimodal data and does not need gene activity calculation, was overall the best method and robust to changes in data size, mislabeling rate and sequencing depth. Conos was the most time and memory efficient method but performed the worst in terms of prediction accuracy. scJoint tended to assign cells to similar cell types and performed relatively poorly for complex datasets with deep annotations but performed better for datasets only with major label annotations. The performance of scGCN and Seurat v3 was moderate, but scGCN was the most time-consuming method and had the most similar performance to random classifiers for cell types unique to scATAC-seq.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fgene.2022.1063233\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/52e66e929f45459b77cdaef498f16da74628fc68\",\n \"result_position\": 49,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 277853556,\n \"title\": \"Multi-omics Analysis of Histone-related Genes in Osteosarcoma: A Multidimensional Integrated Study Revealing Drug Sensitivity and Immune Microenvironment Characteristics\",\n \"venue\": \"Technology in Cancer Research and Treatment\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yang Yang\",\n \"Xinqiao Tang\",\n \"Zhongyang Liu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Introduction Osteosarcoma (OS) is a highly aggressive primary bone malignancy with poor prognosis. Histone modifications play crucial roles in tumor progression, but their systematic investigation in OS remains unexplored. Methods This study integrated single-cell RNA sequencing data and large-scale clinical information to systematically analyze the spatial heterogeneity of histone modifications in OS and their clinical significance. We employed Seurat for single-cell data analysis, CellChat for cell-cell communication network analysis, and LASSO Cox regression to construct a prognostic model. Additionally, we conducted functional enrichment analysis, immune characteristics analysis, and drug sensitivity prediction. Results We identified five major cell types in the OS microenvironment and discovered significant differences in histone modification levels among different cell types, with osteosarcoma cells and endothelial cells exhibiting higher modification levels. Cell-cell communication network analysis revealed the importance of signaling pathways such as SPP1, CypA, MIF, IGFBP, and VEGF in OS. Based on nine histone modification-related genes, we constructed an efficient prognostic model (AUC values of 0.713, 0.845, and 0.888 for 1-, 3-, and 5-year predictions, respectively), which was validated in an external cohort (AUC = 0.808). Immune microenvironment analysis showed significantly higher proportions of CD8+ T cells and Treg cells in the low-risk group. Drug sensitivity analysis revealed that the low-risk group was more sensitive to Imatinib, Rapamycin, and Sunitinib, while the high-risk group was more sensitive to MAPK pathway inhibitors. Conclusion This study systematically revealed the spatial heterogeneity of histone modifications in OS and their clinical significance for the first time, proposing an “epigenetic-immune” regulatory network hypothesis and developing a histone modification-based prognostic model. Our proposed “epigenetic-guided personalized medication strategy” provides new insights for precision treatment of OS, potentially significantly improving patient prognosis.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1177/15330338251336275\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6671eccdda0af4b6d087484a9677c8829fc4060b\",\n \"result_position\": 50,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 245770031,\n \"title\": \"DISCO: a database of Deeply Integrated human Single-Cell Omics data\",\n \"venue\": \"Nucleic Acids Res.\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Campbell\",\n \"Xiaomeng Zhang\",\n \"Kok Siong Ang\",\n \"Jin Ling\",\n \"R. Sethi\",\n \"N. Lee\",\n \"F. Ginhoux\",\n \"Jinmiao Chen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract The ability to study cellular heterogeneity at single cell resolution is making single-cell sequencing increasingly popular. However, there is no publicly available resource that offers an integrated cell atlas with harmonized metadata that users can integrate new data with. Here, we present DISCO (https://www.immunesinglecell.org/), a database of Deeply Integrated Single-Cell Omics data. The current release of DISCO integrates more than 18 million cells from 4593 samples, covering 107 tissues/cell lines/organoids, 158 diseases, and 20 platforms. We standardized the associated metadata with a controlled vocabulary and ontology system. To allow large scale integration of single-cell data, we developed FastIntegration, a fast and high-capacity version of Seurat Integration. We also developed CELLiD, an atlas guided automatic cell type identification tool. Employing these two tools on the assembled data, we constructed one global atlas and 27 sub-atlases for different tissues, diseases, and cell types. DISCO provides three online tools, namely Online FastIntegration, Online CELLiD, and CellMapper, for users to integrate, annotate, and project uploaded single-cell RNA-seq data onto a selected atlas. Collectively, DISCO is a versatile platform for users to explore published single-cell data and efficiently perform integrated analysis with their own data.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1093/nar/gkab1020\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cd96029fa36555957244d2b336951d2d44652092\",\n \"result_position\": 51,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 260408043,\n \"title\": \"A Review of Single-Cell RNA-Seq Annotation, Integration, and Cell–Cell Communication\",\n \"venue\": \"Cells\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Changde Cheng\",\n \"Wenan Chen\",\n \"Hongjian Jin\",\n \"Xiang Chen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has emerged as a powerful tool for investigating cellular biology at an unprecedented resolution, enabling the characterization of cellular heterogeneity, identification of rare but significant cell types, and exploration of cell–cell communications and interactions. Its broad applications span both basic and clinical research domains. In this comprehensive review, we survey the current landscape of scRNA-seq analysis methods and tools, focusing on count modeling, cell-type annotation, data integration, including spatial transcriptomics, and the inference of cell–cell communication. We review the challenges encountered in scRNA-seq analysis, including issues of sparsity or low expression, reliability of cell annotation, and assumptions in data integration, and discuss the potential impact of suboptimal clustering and differential expression analysis tools on downstream analyses, particularly in identifying cell subpopulations. Finally, we discuss recent advancements and future directions for enhancing scRNA-seq analysis. Specifically, we highlight the development of novel tools for annotating single-cell data, integrating and interpreting multimodal datasets covering transcriptomics, epigenomics, and proteomics, and inferring cellular communication networks. By elucidating the latest progress and innovation, we provide a comprehensive overview of the rapidly advancing field of scRNA-seq analysis.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/cells12151970\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/179c71b93b9b45a515d77e1423eca1aa10e512ba\",\n \"result_position\": 52,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 237353933,\n \"title\": \"Single‐cell omics: Overview, analysis, and application in biomedical science\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Cellular Biochemistry\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Catarina M Stein\",\n \"R. Weiskirchen\",\n \"F. Damm\",\n \"P. Strzelecka\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Single‐cell sequencing methods provide the highest resolution insight into cellular heterogeneity. Owing to their rapid growth and decreasing cost, they are now widely accessible to scientists worldwide. Single‐cell technologies enable analysis of a large number of cells, making them powerful tools to characterise rare cell types and refine our understanding of diverse cell states. Moreover, single‐cell application in biomedical sciences helps to unravel mechanisms related to disease pathogenesis and outcome. In this Viewpoint, we briefly describe existing single‐cell methods (genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics, and mulitomics), comment on available analysis tools, and give examples of method applications in the biomedical field.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1002/jcb.30134\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/10aee48025f19121b79b449fa5a36fb4ff3d4d2c\",\n \"result_position\": 53,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 279121871,\n \"title\": \"SCPline: An interactive framework for the single-cell proteomics data preprocessing\",\n \"venue\": \"Briefings Bioinform.\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Shangwei Guo\",\n \"Shengming Zhou\",\n \"Guohua Wang\",\n \"Fang Wang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract Single-cell proteomics has advanced our understanding of cellular complexity by enabling detailed analysis of protein expression at the single-cell level. However, challenges such as data sparsity, variability, and noise require sophisticated computational solutions. SCPline addresses these by offering a comprehensive data preprocessing and analysis platform specifically for single-cell proteomics. It supports mass spectrometry-based, antibody-based, and multi-omics approaches, performing quality screening, normalization, dimensionality reduction, and clustering for each data type (https://bioinform.nefu.edu.cn/ScPline/). Each module includes tailored functions and visualizations for easy quality checks, allowing researchers with limited programming experience to efficiently preprocess data. By streamlining complex workflows, SCPline makes advanced computational tools accessible, enabling researchers to explore cellular heterogeneity and biological states, thus accelerating discoveries in developmental biology, disease pathogenesis, and therapeutic responses. Additionally, SCPline enhances reproducibility and rigor in proteomics research, contributing to breakthroughs in understanding cellular behavior and identifying novel therapeutic targets, shaping the future of biomedical research and precision medicine.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1093/bib/bbaf256\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c59f1d1e2ab054639072bca28ae091c778f528ff\",\n \"result_position\": 54,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 252985173,\n \"title\": \"Development of Single-Cell Transcriptomics and Its Application in COVID-19\",\n \"venue\": \"Viruses\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Chaochao Wang\",\n \"Ting Huyan\",\n \"Xiaojie Zhou\",\n \"Xuanshuo Zhang\",\n \"Suyang Duan\",\n \"Shane Gao\",\n \"Shan Jiang\",\n \"Qi Li\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Over the last three years, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-related health crisis has claimed over six million lives and caused USD 12 trillion losses to the global economy. SARS-CoV-2 continuously mutates and evolves with a high basic reproduction number (R0), resulting in a variety of clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic infection to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and even death. To gain a better understanding of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it is critical to investigate the components that cause various clinical manifestations. Single-cell sequencing has substantial advantages in terms of identifying differentially expressed genes among individual cells, which can provide a better understanding of the various physiological and pathological processes. This article reviewed the use of single-cell transcriptomics in COVID-19 research, examined the immune response disparities generated by SARS-CoV-2, and offered insights regarding how to improve COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment plans.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/v14102271\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ab7e8be1b2991523beecdb29e873ed2ef1be7664\",\n \"result_position\": 55,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 255990767,\n \"title\": \"Guidelines for bioinformatics of single-cell sequencing data analysis in Alzheimer’s disease: review, recommendation, implementation and application\",\n \"venue\": \"Molecular Neurodegeneration\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Minghui Wang\",\n \"Won-min Song\",\n \"Chen Ming\",\n \"Qian Wang\",\n \"Xianxiao Zhou\",\n \"Peng Xu\",\n \"A. Krek\",\n \"Yonejung Yoon\",\n \"L. Ho\",\n \"Miranda E. Orr\",\n \"Guo-Cheng Yuan\",\n \"Bin Zhang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration. Extensive clinical and genomic studies have revealed biomarkers, risk factors, pathways, and targets of AD in the past decade. However, the exact molecular basis of AD development and progression remains elusive. The emerging single-cell sequencing technology can potentially provide cell-level insights into the disease. Here we systematically review the state-of-the-art bioinformatics approaches to analyze single-cell sequencing data and their applications to AD in 14 major directions, including 1) quality control and normalization, 2) dimension reduction and feature extraction, 3) cell clustering analysis, 4) cell type inference and annotation, 5) differential expression, 6) trajectory inference, 7) copy number variation analysis, 8) integration of single-cell multi-omics, 9) epigenomic analysis, 10) gene network inference, 11) prioritization of cell subpopulations, 12) integrative analysis of human and mouse sc-RNA-seq data, 13) spatial transcriptomics, and 14) comparison of single cell AD mouse model studies and single cell human AD studies. We also address challenges in using human postmortem and mouse tissues and outline future developments in single cell sequencing data analysis. Importantly, we have implemented our recommended workflow for each major analytic direction and applied them to a large single nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) dataset in AD. Key analytic results are reported while the scripts and the data are shared with the research community through GitHub. In summary, this comprehensive review provides insights into various approaches to analyze single cell sequencing data and offers specific guidelines for study design and a variety of analytic directions. The review and the accompanied software tools will serve as a valuable resource for studying cellular and molecular mechanisms of AD, other diseases, or biological systems at the single cell level.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1186/s13024-022-00517-z\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/acbed9c871ce6b1277944c85ad9a741f6c3f68c1\",\n \"result_position\": 56,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 268816630,\n \"title\": \"scAnnoX: an R package integrating multiple public tools for single-cell annotation\",\n \"venue\": \"PeerJ\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Xiaoqian Huang\",\n \"Ruiqi Liu\",\n \"Shiwei Yang\",\n \"Xiaozhou Chen\",\n \"Huamei Li\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Background Single-cell annotation plays a crucial role in the analysis of single-cell genomics data. Despite the existence of numerous single-cell annotation algorithms, a comprehensive tool for integrating and comparing these algorithms is also lacking. Methods This study meticulously investigated a plethora of widely adopted single-cell annotation algorithms. Ten single-cell annotation algorithms were selected based on the classification of either reference dataset-dependent or marker gene-dependent approaches. These algorithms included SingleR, Seurat, sciBet, scmap, CHETAH, scSorter, sc.type, cellID, scCATCH, and SCINA. Building upon these algorithms, we developed an R package named scAnnoX for the integration and comparative analysis of single-cell annotation algorithms. Results The development of the scAnnoX software package provides a cohesive framework for annotating cells in scRNA-seq data, enabling researchers to more efficiently perform comparative analyses among the cell type annotations contained in scRNA-seq datasets. The integrated environment of scAnnoX streamlines the testing, evaluation, and comparison processes among various algorithms. Among the ten annotation tools evaluated, SingleR, Seurat, sciBet, and scSorter emerged as top-performing algorithms in terms of prediction accuracy, with SingleR and sciBet demonstrating particularly superior performance, offering guidance for users. Interested parties can access the scAnnoX package at https://github.com/XQ-hub/scAnnoX.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.7717/peerj.17184\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7cb21e80c43e0f7210ca1df416ede280174d6e51\",\n \"result_position\": 57,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 274232484,\n \"title\": \"easySCF: a tool for enhancing interoperability between R and Python for efficient single-cell data analysis\",\n \"venue\": \"Bioinform.\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Haoyu Zhang\",\n \"Wentao Zhang\",\n \"Shuai Zhao\",\n \"Guangyu Xu\",\n \"Yi Shen\",\n \"Feng Jiang\",\n \"An Qin\",\n \"Lei Cui\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract Summary This study introduces easySCF, a tool designed to enhance the interoperability of single-cell data between the two major bioinformatics platforms, R and Python. By supporting seamless data exchange, easySCF improves the efficiency and accuracy of single-cell data analysis. Availability and implementation easySCF utilizes a unified data format (.h5 format) to facilitate data transfer between R and Python platforms. The tool has been evaluated for data processing speed, memory efficiency, and disk usage, as well as its capability to handle large-scale single-cell datasets. easySCF is available as an open-source package, with implementation details and documentation accessible at https://github.com/xleizi/easySCF.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1093/bioinformatics/btae710\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b9d51a392b5a968fd72c773e7ea4c4f18712b9cc\",\n \"result_position\": 58,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 271329708,\n \"title\": \"A systematic overview of single-cell transcriptomics databases, their use cases, and limitations\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers Bioinform.\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Gondal\",\n \"Saad Ur Rehman Shah\",\n \"A. Chinnaiyan\",\n \"M. Cieslik\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Rapid advancements in high-throughput single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) technologies and experimental protocols have led to the generation of vast amounts of transcriptomic data that populates several online databases and repositories. Here, we systematically examined large-scale scRNA-seq databases, categorizing them based on their scope and purpose such as general, tissue-specific databases, disease-specific databases, cancer-focused databases, and cell type-focused databases. Next, we discuss the technical and methodological challenges associated with curating large-scale scRNA-seq databases, along with current computational solutions. We argue that understanding scRNA-seq databases, including their limitations and assumptions, is crucial for effectively utilizing this data to make robust discoveries and identify novel biological insights. Such platforms can help bridge the gap between computational and wet lab scientists through user-friendly web-based interfaces needed for democratizing access to single-cell data. These platforms would facilitate interdisciplinary research, enabling researchers from various disciplines to collaborate effectively. This review underscores the importance of leveraging computational approaches to unravel the complexities of single-cell data and offers a promising direction for future research in the field.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fbinf.2024.1417428\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b657083e14dcf30d114ab2da6a3022d736b9efa9\",\n \"result_position\": 59,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 270205860,\n \"title\": \"Case-specific selection of batch correction methods for integrating single-cell transcriptomic data from different sources\",\n \"venue\": \"bioRxiv\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Xiaoyue Hu\",\n \"He Li\",\n \"Ming Chen\",\n \"Junbin Qian\",\n \"Hangjin Jiang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Integrating single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets from different sources is a common practice to empower in-depth interrogation for biological insights, where batch effect correction (BEC) is of vital importance. However, an inappropriate BEC may lead to overcorrection and report misleading results on downstream analyses including cell annotation, trajectory inference and cell-cell communication. Hence, we develop the Reference-based Batch Effect Testing (RBET), a novel statistical framework for evaluating the performance of different BEC methods by leveraging housekeeping-gene inspired reference genes and MAC statistics for distribution comparison. Comparing with existing methods, RBET is more powerful on detecting batch effect, overcorrection sensitive, computationally efficient, and robust to large batch effect sizes. Furthermore, extensive multi-scenario real examples show that RBET selects optimal BEC tools for consistent downstream analysis results, which confirm prior biological knowledge. This comprehensive BEC decision-making tool is available as an R package.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1101/2024.05.26.595911\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d55ef599a180f740c8aafe349f73ae19feee5310\",\n \"result_position\": 60,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 218516159,\n \"title\": \"SC1: A Tool for Interactive Web-Based Single-Cell RNA-Seq Data Analysis\",\n \"venue\": \"bioRxiv\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Marmar Moussa\",\n \"I. Măndoiu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Single-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq) is critical for studying cellular function and phenotypic heterogeneity as well as the development of tissues and tumors. In this study, we present SC1 a web-based highly interactive scRNA-Seq data analysis tool publicly accessible at https://sc1.engr.uconn.edu. The tool presents an integrated workflow for scRNA-Seq analysis, implements a novel method of selecting informative genes based on term-frequency inverse-document-frequency scores, and provides a broad range of methods for clustering, differential expression analysis, gene enrichment, interactive visualization, and cell cycle analysis. The tool integrates other single-cell omics data modalities such as T-cell receptor (TCR)-Seq and supports several single-cell sequencing technologies. In just a few steps, researchers can generate a comprehensive analysis and gain powerful insights from their scRNA-Seq data.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1089/cmb.2021.0051\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c1701023a69a579f5404f6ff5e3d6f7b10e1669f\",\n \"result_position\": 61,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 279092890,\n \"title\": \"scExploreR: a flexible platform for democratized analysis of multimodal single-cell data by non-programmers\",\n \"venue\": \"bioRxiv\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"W. Showers\",\n \"Jairav Desai\",\n \"Stephanie R. Gipson\",\n \"Krysta L. Engel\",\n \"Clayton Smith\",\n \"C. Jordan\",\n \"Austin E. Gillen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Single-cell sequencing has revolutionized biomedical research by uncovering cellular heterogeneity in disease mechanisms, with significant potential for advancing personalized medicine. However, participation in single-cell data analysis is limited by the programming experience required to access data. Several existing browsers allow the interrogation of single-cell data through a point-and-click interface accessible to non-programmers, but many of these browsers are limited in the depth of analysis that can be performed, or the flexibility of input data formats accepted. Thus, programming experience is still required for comprehensive data analysis. We developed scExploreR to address these limitations and extend the range of analysis tasks that can be performed by non-programmers. scExploreR is implemented as a packaged R Shiny app that can be run locally or easily deployed for multiple users on a server. scExploreR offers extensive customization options for plots, allowing users to generate publication quality figures. Leveraging our SCUBA package, scExploreR seamlessly handles multimodal data, providing identical plotting capabilities regardless of input format. By empowering researchers to directly explore and analyze single-cell data, scExploreR bridges communication gaps between biological and computational scientists, streamlining insight generation.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1101/2025.05.28.656649\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0687735825f7bf161e46c3d4e044c08a3cb1aeed\",\n \"result_position\": 62,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 264940785,\n \"title\": \"Unveiling the novel immune and molecular signatures of ovarian cancer: insights and innovations from single-cell sequencing\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Immunology\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Zhongkang Li\",\n \"Haihan Gu\",\n \"Xiaotong Xu\",\n \"Yanpeng Tian\",\n \"Xianghua Huang\",\n \"Yanfang Du\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Ovarian cancer is a highly heterogeneous and lethal malignancy with limited treatment options. Over the past decade, single-cell sequencing has emerged as an advanced biological technology capable of decoding the landscape of ovarian cancer at the single-cell resolution. It operates at the level of genes, transcriptomes, proteins, epigenomes, and metabolisms, providing detailed information that is distinct from bulk sequencing methods, which only offer average data for specific lesions. Single-cell sequencing technology provides detailed insights into the immune and molecular mechanisms underlying tumor occurrence, development, drug resistance, and immune escape. These insights can guide the development of innovative diagnostic markers, therapeutic strategies, and prognostic indicators. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive summary of the diverse applications of single-cell sequencing in ovarian cancer. It encompasses the identification and characterization of novel cell subpopulations, the elucidation of tumor heterogeneity, the investigation of the tumor microenvironment, the analysis of mechanisms underlying metastasis, and the integration of innovative approaches such as organoid models and multi-omics analysis.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fimmu.2023.1288027\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/87f7f87a6ec03c54ac54f9d0a4440fa7595e6775\",\n \"result_position\": 63,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 246678722,\n \"title\": \"SCANNER: a web platform for annotation, visualization and sharing of single cell RNA-seq data\",\n \"venue\": \"Database J. Biol. Databases Curation\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"G. Cai\",\n \"Xuanxuan Yu\",\n \"Choonhan Youn\",\n \"Jun Zhou\",\n \"Feifei Xiao\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract In recent years, efficient scRNA-seq methods have been developed, enabling the transcriptome profiling of single cells massively in parallel. Meanwhile, its high dimensionality and complexity bring challenges to the data analysis and require extensive collaborations between biologists and bioinformaticians and/or biostatisticians. The communication between these two units demands a platform for easy data sharing and exploration. Here we developed Single-Cell Transcriptomics Annotated Viewer (SCANNER), as a public web resource for the scientific community, for sharing and analyzing scRNA-seq data in a collaborative manner. It is easy-to-use without requiring special software or extensive coding skills. Moreover, it equipped a real-time database for secure data management and enables an efficient investigation of the activation of gene sets on a single-cell basis. Currently, SCANNER hosts a database of 19 types of cancers and COVID-19, as well as healthy samples from lungs of smokers and non-smokers, human brain cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The database will be frequently updated with datasets from new studies. Using SCANNER, we identified a larger proportion of cancer-associated fibroblasts cells and more active fibroblast growth-related genes in melanoma tissues in female patients compared to male patients. Moreover, we found ACE2 is mainly expressed in lung pneumocytes, secretory cells and ciliated cells and differentially expressed in lungs of smokers and never smokers.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1093/database/baab086\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4b1d74f3f05e4773cc9b95ceeef6f15ca80e8441\",\n \"result_position\": 64,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 266467719,\n \"title\": \"Exploring the advances of single-cell RNA sequencing in thyroid cancer: a narrative review\",\n \"venue\": \"Medical Oncology\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. K. Tan\",\n \"W. Awuah\",\n \"Sakshi Roy\",\n \"Tomas Ferreira\",\n \"A. Ahluwalia\",\n \"Saibaba Guggilapu\",\n \"Mahnoor Javed\",\n \"Muhammad Mikail Athif Zhafir Asyura\",\n \"F. T. Adebusoye\",\n \"Krishna Ramamoorthy\",\n \"Emma Paoletti\",\n \"T. Abdul-Rahman\",\n \"O. Prykhodko\",\n \"Denys Ovechkin\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Thyroid cancer, a prevalent form of endocrine malignancy, has witnessed a substantial increase in occurrence in recent decades. To gain a comprehensive understanding of thyroid cancer at the single-cell level, this narrative review evaluates the applications of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) in thyroid cancer research. ScRNA-seq has revolutionised the identification and characterisation of distinct cell subpopulations, cell-to-cell communications, and receptor interactions, revealing unprecedented heterogeneity and shedding light on novel biomarkers for therapeutic discovery. These findings aid in the construction of predictive models on disease prognosis and therapeutic efficacy. Altogether, scRNA-seq has deepened our understanding of the tumour microenvironment immunologic insights, informing future studies in the development of effective personalised treatment for patients. Challenges and limitations of scRNA-seq, such as technical biases, financial barriers, and ethical concerns, are discussed. Advancements in computational methods, the advent of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and deep learning (DL), and the importance of single-cell data sharing and collaborative efforts are highlighted. Future directions of scRNA-seq in thyroid cancer research include investigating intra-tumoral heterogeneity, integrating with other omics technologies, exploring the non-coding RNA landscape, and studying rare subtypes. Overall, scRNA-seq has transformed thyroid cancer research and holds immense potential for advancing personalised therapies and improving patient outcomes. Efforts to make this technology more accessible and cost-effective will be crucial to ensuring its widespread utilisation in healthcare.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s12032-023-02260-x\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2b3c4d8fbfa59e5659214f06dacb5451084d58cf\",\n \"result_position\": 65,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 266489163,\n \"title\": \"Current annotation strategies for T cell phenotyping of single-cell RNA-seq data\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Immunology\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Kerry A. Mullan\",\n \"N. de Vrij\",\n \"S. Valkiers\",\n \"Pieter Meysman\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has become a popular technique for interrogating the diversity and dynamic nature of cellular gene expression and has numerous advantages in immunology. For example, scRNA-seq, in contrast to bulk RNA sequencing, can discern cellular subtypes within a population, which is important for heterogenous populations such as T cells. Moreover, recent advancements in the technology allow the parallel capturing of the highly diverse T-cell receptor (TCR) sequence with the gene expression. However, the field of single-cell RNA sequencing data analysis is still hampered by a lack of gold-standard cell phenotype annotation. This problem is particularly evident in the case of T cells due to the heterogeneity in both their gene expression and their TCR. While current cell phenotype annotation tools can differentiate major cell populations from each other, labelling T-cell subtypes remains problematic. In this review, we identify the common automated strategy for annotating T cells and their subpopulations, and also describe what crucial information is still missing from these tools.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fimmu.2023.1306169\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2050f5e17062ebe1dbf32059a3f35f3ac1ca57ee\",\n \"result_position\": 66,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 270520729,\n \"title\": \"LoRA-TV: read depth profile-based clustering of tumor cells in single-cell sequencing\",\n \"venue\": \"Briefings Bioinform.\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Junbo Duan\",\n \"Xinrui Zhao\",\n \"Xiaoming Wu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract Single-cell sequencing has revolutionized our ability to dissect the heterogeneity within tumor populations. In this study, we present LoRA-TV (Low Rank Approximation with Total Variation), a novel method for clustering tumor cells based on the read depth profiles derived from single-cell sequencing data. Traditional analysis pipelines process read depth profiles of each cell individually. By aggregating shared genomic signatures distributed among individual cells using low-rank optimization and robust smoothing, the proposed method enhances clustering performance. Results from analyses of both simulated and real data demonstrate its effectiveness compared with state-of-the-art alternatives, as supported by improvements in the adjusted Rand index and computational efficiency.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1093/bib/bbae277\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bf0a941a9539412d56acaccef9b31659d239a128\",\n \"result_position\": 67,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 267657267,\n \"title\": \"A single-cell transcriptome atlas of Lueyang black-bone chicken skin\",\n \"venue\": \"Poultry Science\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ling Wang\",\n \"Zhen Xue\",\n \"Ying-Rui Tian\",\n \"Wenxian Zeng\",\n \"Tao Zhang\",\n \"Hongzhao Lu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"As the largest organ of the body, the skin participates in various physiological activities, such as barrier function, sensory function, and temperature regulation, thereby maintaining the balance between the body and the natural environment. To date, compositional and transcriptional profiles in chicken skin cells have not been reported. Here, we report detailed transcriptome analyses of cell populations present in the skin of a black-feather chicken and a white-feather chicken using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). By analyzing cluster-specific gene expression profiles, we identified 12 cell clusters, and their corresponding cell types were also characterized. Subsequently, we characterized the subpopulations of keratinocytes, myocytes, mesenchymal cells, fibroblasts, and melanocytes. It is worth noting that we have identified a subpopulation of keratinocytes involved in pigment granule capture and a subpopulation of melanocytes involved in pigment granule deposition, both of which have a higher cell abundance in black-feather chicken compared to white-feather chicken. Meanwhile, we also compared the cellular heterogeneity features of Lueyang black-bone chicken skin with different feather colors. In addition, we also screened out 12 genes those could be potential markers of melanocytes. Finally, we validated the specific expression of SGK1, WNT5A, CTSC, TYR, and LAPTM5 in black-feather chicken, which may be the key candidate genes determining the feather color differentiation of Lueyang black-bone chicken. In summary, this study first revealed the transcriptome characteristics of chicken skin cells via scRNA-seq technology. These datasets provide valuable information for the study of avian skin characteristics and have important implications for future poultry breeding.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.psj.2024.103513\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/30f7a2cf081f8e575f18e1f594bd3e34bc14424c\",\n \"result_position\": 68,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 259109266,\n \"title\": \"Practical bioinformatics pipelines for single-cell RNA-seq data analysis\",\n \"venue\": \"Biophysics Reports\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jiangping He\",\n \"Lihui Lin\",\n \"Jiekai Chen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a revolutionary tool to explore cells. With an increasing number of scRNA-seq data analysis tools that have been developed, it is challenging for users to choose and compare their performance. Here, we present an overview of the workflow for computational analysis of scRNA-seq data. We detail the steps of a typical scRNA-seq analysis, including experimental design, pre-processing and quality control, feature selection, dimensionality reduction, cell clustering and annotation, and downstream analysis including batch correction, trajectory inference and cell–cell communication. We provide guidelines according to our best practice. This review will be helpful for the experimentalists interested in analyzing their data, and will aid the users seeking to update their analysis pipelines.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.52601/bpr.2022.210041\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9d2d7585490a0381093f01aba4ec4f6fff44d090\",\n \"result_position\": 69,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 278480260,\n \"title\": \"An overview of computational methods in single-cell transcriptomic cell type annotation\",\n \"venue\": \"Briefings Bioinform.\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Tianhao Li\",\n \"Zixuan Wang\",\n \"Yuhang Liu\",\n \"Sihan He\",\n \"Quan Zou\",\n \"Yongqing Zhang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract The rapid accumulation of single-cell RNA sequencing data has provided unprecedented computational resources for cell type annotation, significantly advancing our understanding of cellular heterogeneity. Leveraging gene expression profiles derived from transcriptomic data, researchers can accurately infer cell types, sparking the development of numerous innovative annotation methods. These methods utilize a range of strategies, including marker genes, correlation-based matching, and supervised learning, to classify cell types. In this review, we systematically examine these annotation approaches based on transcriptomics-specific gene expression profiles and provide a comprehensive comparison and categorization of these methods. Furthermore, we focus on the main challenges in the annotation process, especially the long-tail distribution problem arising from data imbalance in rare cell types. We discuss the potential of deep learning techniques to address these issues and enhance model capability in recognizing novel cell types within an open-world framework.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1093/bib/bbaf207\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/161281d34173a90e08e90277347bcc64f23716e3\",\n \"result_position\": 70,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 270487282,\n \"title\": \"SCIMAP: A Python Toolkit for Integrated Spatial Analysis of Multiplexed Imaging Data\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. J. Nirmal\",\n \"P. Sorger\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Multiplexed imaging data are revolutionizing our understanding of the composition and organization of tissues and tumors. A critical aspect of such tissue profiling is quantifying the spatial relationship relationships among cells at different scales from the interaction of neighboring cells to recurrent communities of cells of multiple types. This often involves statistical analysis of 10^7 or more cells in which up to 100 biomolecules (commonly proteins) have been measured. While software tools currently cater to the analysis of spatial transcriptomics data, there remains a need for toolkits explicitly tailored to the complexities of multiplexed imaging data including the need to seamlessly integrate image visualization with data analysis and exploration. We introduce SCIMAP, a Python package specifically crafted to address these challenges. With SCIMAP, users can efficiently preprocess, analyze, and visualize large datasets, facilitating the exploration of spatial relationships and their statistical significance. SCIMAP's modular design enables the integration of new algorithms, enhancing its capabilities for spatial analysis.\",\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6f4477d5524f769a85ea8c5af2d8f4d2b3153443\",\n \"result_position\": 71,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 259377289,\n \"title\": \"Liver in infections: a single-cell and spatial transcriptomics perspective\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Biomedical Sciences\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Juqiu Zou\",\n \"Jie Li\",\n \"Xiao Zhong\",\n \"D. Tang\",\n \"Xuegong Fan\",\n \"Ruochan Chen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The liver is an immune organ that plays a vital role in the detection, capture, and clearance of pathogens and foreign antigens that invade the human body. During acute and chronic infections, the liver transforms from a tolerant to an active immune state. The defence mechanism of the liver mainly depends on a complicated network of intrahepatic and translocated immune cells and non-immune cells. Therefore, a comprehensive liver cell atlas in both healthy and diseased states is needed for new therapeutic target development and disease intervention improvement. With the development of high-throughput single-cell technology, we can now decipher heterogeneity, differentiation, and intercellular communication at the single-cell level in sophisticated organs and complicated diseases. In this concise review, we aimed to summarise the advancement of emerging high-throughput single-cell technologies and re-define our understanding of liver function towards infections, including hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, Plasmodium , schistosomiasis, endotoxemia, and corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We also unravel previously unknown pathogenic pathways and disease mechanisms for the development of new therapeutic targets. As high-throughput single-cell technologies mature, their integration into spatial transcriptomics, multiomics, and clinical data analysis will aid in patient stratification and in developing effective treatment plans for patients with or without liver injury due to infectious diseases.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1186/s12929-023-00945-z\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1aeac38f48baa72651f0febdfb904782ddb0e7b3\",\n \"result_position\": 72,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":75,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"•\tPublic-private partnerships (PPPs) have become a strategic tool for health system reform in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), particularly in contexts where public sector capacity is limited and health demands are increasing. These long-term collaborations aim to leverage the efficiency, innovation, and capital of the private sector to support public health objectives. In the healthcare sector, PPPs have been utilised to expand infrastructure, provide essential technology, and outsource services ranging from diagnostics to tertiary care. These partnerships assume various forms, including Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT), Design-Build-Finance-Operate (DBFO), and Equipment-Lease-Services (ELS). "},"query_timestamp":{"kind":"string","value":"2025-05-16T17:37:23.202487+00:00"},"thread_id":{"kind":"string","value":"0875c32ca732fae01459b44ed7b2c75bbf3ee55a2d018b8e8155627f9b70154d"},"num_shown":{"kind":"number","value":61,"string":"61"},"num_clicked":{"kind":"number","value":2,"string":"2"},"has_clicks":{"kind":"bool","value":true,"string":"true"},"shown_papers":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"corpus_id":162182392,"title":"Public private partnership in the training of doctors after the 1990s’ health sector reforms: the case of Tanzania","venue":"Human Resources for Health","year":2019,"authors":["N. Sirili","G. Frumence","A. Kiwara","M. Mwangu","I. Goicolea","A. Hurtig"],"abstract":"Similar to many other low- and middle-income countries, public private partnership (PPP) in the training of the health workforce has been emphasized since the launch of the 1990s’ health sector reforms in Tanzania. PPP in training aims to contribute to addressing the critical shortage of health workforce in these countries. This study aimed to analyse the policy process and experienced outcomes of PPP for the training of doctors in Tanzania two decades after the 1990s’ health sector reforms. We reviewed documents and interviewed key informants to collect data from training institutions and umbrella organizations that train and employ doctors in both the public and private sectors. We adopted a hybrid thematic approach to analyse the data while guided by the policy analysis framework by Gagnon and Labonté. PPP in training has contributed significantly to the increasing number of graduating doctors in Tanzania. In tandem, undermining of universities’ autonomy and the massive enrolment of medical students unfavourably affect the quality of graduating doctors. Although PPP has proven successful in increasing the number of doctors graduating, unemployment of the graduates and lack of database to inform the training needs and capacity to absorb the graduates have left the country with a health workforce shortage and maldistribution at service delivery points, just as before the introduction of the PPP. This study recommends that Tanzania revisit its PPP approach to ensure the health workforce crisis is addressed in its totality. A comprehensive plan is needed to address issues of training within the framework of PPP by engaging all stakeholders in training and deployment starting from the planning of the number of medical students, and when and how they will be trained while taking into account the quality of the training.","doi":"10.1186/s12960-019-0372-6","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7def9d76713c0f577c173ea1bfc7d7476ac3b522","result_position":0,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":277994771,"title":"Public–Private Partnerships for Universal Health Coverage in Sub‐Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review Protocol","venue":"Health Science Reports","year":2025,"authors":["Godfred Otchere","Adam Fusheini","T. Sullivan","Robin Gauld","Erin Penno"],"abstract":"Globally in the health sector, governments use public–private partnerships (PPPs) to make significant contributions to the development and implementation of national health policies and strategies to improve health systems and health outcomes. Following the World Health Organization's resolution on universal health coverage (UHC), healthcare PPPs have emerged as an innovative policy option, especially, for countries in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) to progress towards achieving UHC. Although many studies have reported the use of healthcare PPPs, it appears no review has been conducted to synthesize evidence on how it facilitates or hinders progress toward attaining UHC in the SSA context. This review seeks to fill this research gap by systematically synthesizing the literature on healthcare PPPs used in SSA and examining how various forms of healthcare PPPs affect progress towards attaining UHC in SSA.","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70746","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c7e3da7e84a81d6568b1ef13a1176b47cacd3777","result_position":1,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":23792211,"title":"Health system’s barriers hindering implementation of public-private partnership at the district level: a case study of partnership for improved reproductive and child health services provision in Tanzania","venue":"BMC Health Services Research","year":2016,"authors":["Denice Kamugumya","Jill Olivier"],"abstract":"BackgroundPublic-private partnership (PPP) has been suggested as a tool to assist governments in lower to middle income countries fulfil their responsibilities in the efficient delivery of health services. In Tanzania, although the idea of PPP has existed for many years in the health sector, there has been limited coordination, especially at a district level – which has contributed to limited health gains or systems strengthening obviously seen as a result of PPP.MethodsThis case study was conducted in the Bagamoyo district of Tanzania, and employed in-depth interviews, document reviews, and observations methods. A stakeholder analysis was conducted to understand power distribution and the interests of local actors to engage non-state actors. In total 30 in-depth interviews were conducted with key informants that were identified from a stakeholder mapping activity. The initial data analysis guided further data collection in an iterative process. The provision of Reproductive and Child Health Services was used as a context. This study draws on the decision-space framework.ResultsStudy findings reveal several forms of informal partnerships, and the untapped potential of non-state actors. Lack of formal contractual agreements with private providers including facilities that receive subsidies from the government is argued to contribute to inappropriate distribution of risk and reward leading to moral hazards. Furthermore, findings highlight weak capacity of governing bodies to exercise oversight and sanctions, which is acerbated by weak accountability linkages and power differences. Disempowered Council Health Services Board, in relation to engaging non-state actors, is shown to impede PPP initiatives.ConclusionEffective PPP policy implementation at a local level depends on the capacity of local government officials to make choices that would embrace relational elements dynamics in strategic plans. Orientation towards collaborative efforts that create value and enable its distribution is argued to facilitate healthy partnership, and in return, strengthen a district health system. This study highlights a need for new social contracts that will support integrative collaboration at the local level and bring all non-state actors to the centre of the district health system.","doi":"10.1186/s12913-016-1831-6","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f9e0f523a66d617a7abaafbef5fbf184cfc2305d","result_position":2,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":25933828,"title":"Are public-private partnerships a healthy option? A systematic literature review.","venue":"Social Science & Medicine (1967)","year":2014,"authors":["J. Roehrich","M. Lewis","G. George"],"abstract":"Governments around the world, but especially in Europe, have increasingly used private sector involvement in developing, financing and providing public health infrastructure and service delivery through public-private partnerships (PPPs). Reasons for this uptake are manifold ranging from rising expenditures for refurbishing, maintaining and operating public assets, and increasing constraints on government budgets stifle, seeking innovation through private sector acumen and aiming for better risk management. Although PPPs have attracted practitioner and academic interest over the last two decades, there has been no attempt to integrate the general and health management literature to provide a holistic view of PPPs in healthcare delivery. This study analyzes over 1400 publications from a wide range of disciplines over a 20-year time period. We find that despite the scale and significance of the phenomenon, there is relatively limited conceptualization and in-depth empirical investigation. Based on bibliographic and content analyses, we synthesize formerly dispersed research perspectives into a comprehensive multi-dimensional framework of public-private partnerships. In so doing, we provide new directions for further research and practice.","doi":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.03.037","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0a73711428a4ddd2801f5a12f0cae7356516ee45","result_position":3,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":252140014,"title":"Role of Public-Private Partnerships in Primary Healthcare Services Worldwide: A Scoping Review","venue":"Health Scope","year":2022,"authors":["M. Ghasemi","M. Amini-Rarani","Nasrin Shaarbafchi Zadeh","S. Karimi"],"abstract":"Background: The public health system is currently facing a shortage of resources, and the demand for healthcare has increased, indicating the need to use the capacities of other sectors through public-private partnership (PPP) strategies to improve the quantity and quality of health services. Objectives: The purpose is to identify PPPs' role in providing primary healthcare worldwide. Methods: This study was conducted in 2020. The Arksey O’Malley framework was used, along with a systematic literature search on five databases, including Web of Science (ISI), Scopus, Pubmed, ProQuest, and Google Scholar. Data were gathered from 2000 to 2020. Results: The findings presented in this study are reported based on 16 selected studies. The findings point to the positive impacts of cooperation between the public and private sectors in health care systems on matters of provision, coverage, and performance of services, as well as improvements in responsiveness to providers towards enhancing health referral systems. The provision of participatory services in countries varied according to their level of development, and further interactions between the government and the private sector resulted in better coverage and reduced inequality in service delivery. Conclusions: Public-private partnership is an effective way to achieve sustainable development goals. Public-private partnerships can be strengthened by integrating public and private sector facilities and aligning the interests and motivations of service providers with public health goals. Also, awareness of the plans and capacity of public and private sectors, along with conscious and mutual interaction, can strengthen health on a larger scale. Scientific approaches and correct participation can also relieve the part of governmental responsibilities to focus on more primary measures so that it can carry out its core tasks, including stewardship, policy-making, and supervision, with greater focus and power to facilitate the achievement of goals.","doi":"10.5812/jhealthscope-129176","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e9b6ee17da3f02eb67273d1f3e868681b3db12bb","result_position":4,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":18428297,"title":"Public-private partnerships for health: their main targets, their diversity, and their future directions.","venue":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","year":2001,"authors":["Roy Widdus"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1590/S0042-96862001000800006","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/082ebbe8f4b607f43683781e73500ffe103b3d66","result_position":5,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":160034542,"title":"Are public–private partnerships the future of healthcare delivery in sub-Saharan Africa? Lessons from Lesotho","venue":"BMJ Global Health","year":2019,"authors":["M. Hellowell"],"abstract":"Many governments in sub-Saharan Africa are seeking to establish public–private partnerships (PPPs) for the financing and operation of new healthcare facilities and services. While there is a large empirical literature on PPPs in high-income countries, we know much less about their operation in low-income and middle-income countries. This paper seeks to inform debates about the use of PPPs in sub-Saharan Africa by describing the planning and operation of a high-profile case in Maseru, Lesotho. The paper highlights several beneficial impacts of the transaction, including the achievement of high clinical standards, alongside a range of key challenges—in particular, the higher-than-anticipated costs to the Ministry of Health. Governments have budget-related incentives to promote the use of PPPs—even in cases in which they may threaten financial sustainability in the long term. To address this, future proposals for PPPs need to be exposed to more effective scrutiny and challenge, taking into account state capacity to proficiently manage and pay for contracted services.","doi":"10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001217","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2f20b0bd4113f375be7c82ae331f2bf44ad80d71","result_position":6,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":252567406,"title":"Observational study of the clinical performance of a public-private partnership national referral hospital network in Lesotho: Do improvements last over time?","venue":"PLoS ONE","year":2022,"authors":["N. Scott","Jeanette L. Kaiser","Brian W. Jack","E. Nkabane-Nkholongo","Allison Juntunen","Tshema Nash","M. Alade","T. Vian"],"abstract":"Public-private partnerships (PPP) may increase healthcare quality but lack longitudinal evidence for success. The Queen ‘Mamohato Memorial Hospital (QMMH) in Lesotho is one of Africa’s first healthcare PPPs. We compare data from 2012 and 2018 on capacity, utilization, quality, and outcomes to understand if early documented successes have been sustained using the same measures over time. In this observational study using administrative and clinical data, we assessed beds, admissions, average length of stay (ALOS), outpatient visits, and patient outcomes. We measured triage time and crash cart stock through direct observation in 2013 and 2020. Operational hospital beds increased from 390 to 410. Admissions decreased (-5.3%) while outpatient visits increased (3.8%). ALOS increased from 5.1 to 6.5 days. Occupancy increased from 82% to 99%; half of the wards had occupancy rates ≥90%, and Neonatal ward occupancy was 209%. The proportion of crash cart stock present (82.9% to 73.8%) and timely triage (84.0% to 27.6%) decreased. While overall mortality decreased (8.0% to 6.5%) and neonatal mortality overall decreased (18.0% to 16.3%), mortality among very low birth weight neonates increased (30.2% to 36.8%). Declines in overall hospital mortality are promising. Yet, continued high occupancy could compromise infection control and impede response to infections, such as COVID-19. High occupancy in the Neonatal ward suggests that the population need for neonatal care outpaces QMMH capacity; improvements should be addressed at the hospital and systemic levels. The increase in ALOS is acceptable for a hospital meant to take the most critical cases. The decline in crash cart stock completeness and timely triage may affect access to emergency treatment. While the partnership itself ended earlier than anticipated, our evaluation suggests that generally the hospital under the PPP was operational, providing high-level, critically needed services, and continued to improve patient outcomes. Quality at QMMH remained substantially higher than at the former Queen Elizabeth II hospital.","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0272568","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3bde972cb5773166177fb97886726a071cfc1f06","result_position":7,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":258848289,"title":"Public-private partnership models for rehabilitation service delivery: A scoping review","venue":"South African Journal of Physiotherapy","year":2023,"authors":["Senzelwe M Mazibuko","Thayananthee Nadasan","P. Govender"],"abstract":"Background Public-private partnership (PPP) for the delivery of health services is known to improve access to healthcare, yet little is known about its utilisation for rehabilitation services, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Objectives As a first step to generating evidence to develop a PPP model for physiotherapy service delivery in South Africa, our study mapped and described available research evidence on PPP models for rehabilitation services in the global literature. Method The Arksey and O’Malley framework guided our scoping review. Published research on rehabilitation and PPP was searched in five databases from 2000 to August 2022 using keywords, Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and Boolean terms. Two reviewers independently completed the titles, abstracts and full-text screening of the articles and data extraction from the included articles. A narrative synthesis was conducted, and summaries of the findings are reported. Results Nine articles were included from a total of 137 obtained from the evidence searches. Of these, five were from Australia and the others from Hong Kong, Denmark, Bangladesh and the Netherlands. All the included articles showed evidence of PPP models for physiotherapy service delivery. Conclusion Our study suggests that PPP models for physiotherapy service delivery exist, particularly in high-income countries (HICs). It also highlights limited research in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Clinical implications There is a need for primary studies to generate further evidence and develop innovative PPP models for rehabilitation services for the populations who need them most as part of efforts towards improving access to healthcare in LMICs.","doi":"10.4102/sajp.v79i1.1856","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0a80094a9dad51429271afdc12b1f903bfa428fd","result_position":8,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":261807975,"title":"Financing health system elements in Africa: A scoping review","venue":"PLoS ONE","year":2023,"authors":["H. Karamagi","David Njuguna","S. N. Kidane","Herve Djossou","Hillary Kipruto","A. Seydi","J. Nabyonga-Orem","Diane Karenzi Muhongerwa","K. Frimpong","Benjamin Musembi Nganda"],"abstract":"Countries that are reforming their health systems to progress towards Universal Health Coverage (UHC) need to consider total resource requirements over the long term to plan for the implementation and sustainable financing of UHC. However, there is a lack of detailed conceptualization as to how the current health financing mechanisms interplay across health system elements. Thus, we aimed to generate evidence on how to utilize resources from different sources of funds in Africa. We conducted a scoping review of empirical research following the six-stage methodological framework for Scoping Review by Arksey & O’Malley and Levac, Colquhoun & O’Brien. We searched for published and grey literature in Medline, Cochrane Library, PubMed, WHO database, World bank and Google Scholar search engines databases and summarized data using a narrative approach, involving thematic syntheses and descriptive statistics. We included 156 studies out of 1,168 studies among which 13% were conceptual studies while 87% were empirical studies. These selected studies focused on the financing of the 13 health system elements. About 45% focused on service delivery, 13% on human resources, 5% on medical products, and 3% on infrastructure and governance. Studies reporting multiple health system elements were 8%, while health financing assessment frameworks was 23%. The publication years ranged from 1975 to 2021. While public sources were the most dominant form of financing, global documentation of health expenditure does not track funding on all the health system dimensions that informed the conceptual framework of this scoping review. There is a need to advocate for expenditure tracking for health systems, including intangibles. Further analysis would inform the development of a framework for assessing financing sources for health system elements based on efficiency, feasibility, sustainability, equity, and displacement.","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0291371","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d1efbc446aba69ea487a5340cd0a9b2a1c516c1e","result_position":9,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":255474420,"title":"The role of the private sector in noncommunicable disease prevention and management in low- and middle-income countries: a series of systematic reviews and thematic syntheses","venue":"International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health & Well-Being","year":2023,"authors":["K. Marshall","Philippa Beaden","Hammad Durrani","Kun Tang","R. Mogilevskii","Z. Bhutta"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT Purpose Conduct six systematic reviews investigating for-profit private sector roles in NCD prevention and management in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) through our a priori framework’s pillars. Methods Six systematic reviews and thematic syntheses were performed between March-August 2021, Six databases, websites of relevant organizations, and references lists of included studies were comprehensively searched. Studies published in English from 2000 onwards involving the pillar of interest, for-profit private sector, NCD prevention/management, and LMIC context were included. Results were synthesized using an inductive thematic synthesis approach. Results Ultimately, 25 articles were included in the PPP review, 33 in Governance and Policy, 22 in Healthcare Provision, 15 in Innovation, 14 in Knowledge Educator, and 42 in Investment and Finance. The following themes emerged: PPPs (coordination; financial resources; provision; health promotion; capacity building; innovation; policy); Governance/Policy (lobbying; industry perception; regulation); Healthcare Provision (diagnosis/treatment; infrastructure; availability/accessibility/affordability); Innovation (product innovation; process innovation; marketing innovation; research; innovation dissemination); Knowledge Educator (training; health promotion; industry framework/guideline formation); Investment and Finance (treatment cost; regulation; private insurance; subsidization; direct investment; collaborative financing; innovative financing; research). Conclusion These findings will be instrumental for LMICs considering private sector engagement. Potential conflicts of interest must be considered when implementing private sector involvement.","doi":"10.1080/17482631.2022.2156099","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/808332f004d387c5730ab1d3b07ecf72e5786f53","result_position":10,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":169445023,"title":"Public Private Partnerships and Collaboration in the Health Sector in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Qualitative Study","venue":"","year":2018,"authors":["A. Almalki","M. K. Al-Hanawi"],"abstract":"A public-private partnership (PPP) is defined as a collaboration between the public and private sectors in the financing, delivery and development of public goods and services. This phenomenon has been adopted globally by many as a new economic paradigm. This study identifies challenges and other hindrances in promoting PPPs, identifies the concrete contribution of PPP initiatives in improving healthcare service delivery and determines the level of participation of the private sector in healthcare delivery systems under PPP initiatives in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 participants, including 4 government hospital directors, 5 private hospital directors and 4 health personnel. Participants were interviewed face to face, and the interviews were audio-recorded. The participants were purposefully selected based on their knowledge and familiarity with the implementation of PPP schemes. The evidence showed that the most important benefits of adopting a PPP are the quality of service, the speed at which low-cost healthcare service delivery is made accessible and the diversification of risks between the two sectors so that neither the private sector nor the public sector bears the entire risk alone. The results also revealed that PPPs will lead to increased efficiency and accuracy with respect to the design and implementation of infrastructural projects as well as the financing, execution, maintenance and development of the healthcare sector—the implementation of which makes high-quality services available to end users. Risk sharing is of great importance for the healthcare sector in that it helps hospitals to avoid closure and failure, distributes financial flows in an ideal way, and reduces the pressure on hospitals to work in a safe investment environment. This aim can be achieved through increasing the partnerships between public and private sectors.","doi":"10.5539/GJHS.V10N6P10","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6df2bdf0726d4a96136e49758b3ab4167d83383d","result_position":11,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":214116039,"title":"The Impact of Public-Private Partnerships on Hospital Performance: A review study","venue":"Quarterly Journal of Management Strategies in Health System","year":2019,"authors":["Nasrin Shaarbafchizadeh","M. Rezayatmand","Ghazaal Etemadi"],"abstract":"Objective: Public-private partnerships (PPP) have been used recently in many countries for reforming the structural health sector. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of PPP models in hospitals on raising the awareness of health policy makers, managers, and authorities to make sound decisions and planning. \nInformation sources and selection methods for the study: This review was conducted in 2019 by searching the databases of Scopus, ProQuest, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The following keywords were used for the search: public private partnership, PPP, public hospital, public private partnership in hospital, and partnership model. Furthermore, Persian equivalents of these key words were searched in databases of Scientific Information Database and Irandoc from 1990 to 2017. A total of 954 articles were studied in a step-by-step manner. \nResults: Finally, 21 articles related to the study objectives entered the research. Based on the results collected from reviewing the selected papers, PPP in hospitals were categorized into 9 different categories of Service Purchase, Outsourcing, Management Contract, (Design, Build, Finance, Operate), (Build, Own, Operate), (Build, Own, Operate, Transfer), (Buy, Own, Lease back), Alzira model and Privatization. So, PPP influenced the performance of hospitals. \nConclusion: Overall, PPP can be a good solution for the hospital sector that can improve the hospital performance in the case of providing the necessary contexts. However, these models are not generalizable to all parts of the health system and may face numerous challenges in implementation.","doi":"10.18502/mshsj.v4i3.2059","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4765eed0cee3aab4c521d6d5325031441d75900b","result_position":12,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":21652954,"title":"Building effective public-private partnerships: experiences and lessons from the African Comprehensive HIV/AIDS Partnerships (ACHAP).","venue":"Social Science & Medicine (1967)","year":2006,"authors":["I. Ramiah","M. Reich"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1016/J.SOCSCIMED.2006.01.007","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2a07674f271b7f618c4740c5edfb2001e4cb2191","result_position":13,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":54755078,"title":"Public-private partnerships in sexual and reproductive healthcare provision: establishing a gender analysis","venue":"","year":2017,"authors":["Jasmine Gideon","Benjamin M. Hunter","S. Murray"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT The past few decades have seen the growing popularity of public-private partnerships (PPPs) across the health sector – a catch all term used to encompass diverse activities involving both public and private sector entities in areas of global and domestic health. In the article we consider the factors that have led to this proliferation of PPPs in the healthcare delivery field and consider the link to the process of ‘scientization’ of healthcare. With a focus on sexual and reproductive health the article also considers two commonly used mechanisms employed in SRH service delivery that have been used in PPPs – social franchise and health voucher schemes. We then reprise key points from the existing critical literature on gendered health systems and go on to consider their application to such service provision-oriented PPPs, using an exploratory analysis of a case study of the use of maternal health vouchers in India.","doi":"10.1080/21699763.2017.1329157","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/23a1e7afa7ca6a95f590d2f647c5f7a9d3792924","result_position":14,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":158638469,"title":"Struggle against outsourcing of diagnostic services in government facilities: Strategies and lessons from a campaign led by Jan Swasthya Abhiyan (People’s Health Movement) in Chhattisgarh, India","venue":"Journal of Social and Political Psychology","year":2018,"authors":["Sulakshana Nandi"],"abstract":"Since 1991, India, like many countries, has undergone a process of ‘liberalisation’ which has entailed an increase in outsourcing of public services through Public Private Partnerships. In December 2012, Chhattisgarh state started the process of outsourcing diagnostics and radiology services in 379 government health facilities. Jan Swasthya Abhiyan (People’s Health Movement) Chhattisgarh mounted a (so far) successful campaign against this move. Drawing on secondary data and the personal experiences and observations of the author, this paper documents Jan Swasthya Abhiyan’s struggle, describing the strategies that were used, their efficacy, the facilitators and challenges. It uses this experience as a basis to reflectively suggest lessons for health activism and the theoretical implications. Jan Swasthya Abhiyan founded its resistance on a detailed evidence-based critique of the proposal that was disseminated, along with demands. The campaign then used multiple strategies, from petitioning the government, to street action, to advocacy with media and bureaucrats. Alliances were built with trade unions and groups working on social justice issues. Privatisation and neo-liberal policies provided a rallying point and framing the issue as a moral argument and in terms of larger concerns for social justice helped build wider solidarity. This experience suggests that the use of evidence and multiple strategies, effective framing of the issue, forging broader alliances, and a sustained campaign can all be important strategies for health activism. It also highlights the need for health activism to continue beyond a single campaign. Staying vigilant, monitoring, evidence building, mobilizing people and continuing to build alliances on such issues are critical tasks for social movements and networks like the People’s Health Movement.","doi":"10.5964/JSPP.V6I2.923","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/aee9b23e2c9368f119d0a1975f4116bd89c31668","result_position":15,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":24983177,"title":"Public-private partnerships in the response to HIV: experience from the resource industry in Papua New Guinea.","venue":"Rural and remote health","year":2014,"authors":["K. Miles","M. Conlon","Julia Stinshoff","R. Hutton"],"abstract":"CONTEXT\nAlthough Papua New Guinea (PNG) has made some progress in social development over the past 30 years, the country's Human Development Index has slowed in recent years, placing it below the regional average. In 2012, the estimated HIV prevalence for adults aged 15-49 years was 0.5% and an estimated 25,000 people were living with HIV. Although reduced from previous estimates, the country's HIV prevalence remains the highest in the South Pacific region. While the faith-based and non-governmental sectors have engaged in HIV interventions since the epidemic began, until recently the corporate sector has remained on the margins of the national response. In 2008, the country's largest oil and gas producer began partnering with national and provincial health authorities, development partners and global financing institutions to contribute to the national HIV strategy and implementation plan. This article provides an overview of public-private partnerships (PPPs) and their application to public health program management, and then describes the PPP that was developed in PNG.\n\n\nISSUES\nInnovative national and local PPPs have become a core component of healthcare strategy in many countries. PPPs have many forms and their use in low- and middle-income countries has progressively demonstrated increased service outputs and health outcomes beyond what the public sector alone could achieve. A PPP in PNG has resulted in an oil and gas producer engaging in the response to HIV, including managing the country's US$46 million HIV grant from the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria.\n\n\nLESSONS LEARNED\nGiven the increasing expectations of the international community in relation to corporate responsibility and sustainability, the role of the corporate sector in countries like PNG is critical. Combining philanthropic investment with business strategy, expertise and organisational resource can contribute to enhancing health system structures and capacity.","doi":"10.22605/RRH2868","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/46cc3a5cba6161236e46d301e7215dc491f06afa","result_position":16,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":230660972,"title":"Public-private partnerships in primary health care: a scoping review","venue":"BMC Health Services Research","year":2021,"authors":["N. Joudyian","L. Doshmangir","M. Mahdavi","J. Tabrizi","V. S. Gordeev"],"abstract":"Background The Astana Declaration on Primary Health Care reiterated that PHC is a cornerstone of a sustainable health system for universal health coverage (UHC) and health-related Sustainable Development Goals. It called for governments to give high priority to PHC in partnership with their public and private sector organisations and other stakeholders. Each country has a unique path towards UHC, and different models for public-private partnerships (PPPs) are possible. The goal of this paper is to examine evidence on the use of PPPs in the provision of PHC services, reported challenges and recommendations. Methods We systematically reviewed peer-reviewed studies in six databases (ScienceDirect, Ovid Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus) and supplemented it by the search of grey literature. PRISMA reporting guidelines were followed. Results Sixty-one studies were included in the final review. Results showed that most PPPs projects were conducted to increase access and to facilitate the provision of prevention and treatment services (i.e., tuberculosis, education and health promotion, malaria, and HIV/AIDS services) for certain target groups. Most projects reported challenges of providing PHC via PPPs in the starting and implementation phases. The reported challenges and recommendations on how to overcome them related to education, management, human resources, financial resources, information, and technology systems aspects. Conclusion Despite various challenges, PPPs in PHC can facilitate access to health care services, especially in remote areas. Governments should consider long-term plans and sustainable policies to start PPPs in PHC and should not ignore local needs and context.","doi":"10.1186/s12913-020-05979-9","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e4d01f253f78efdf18c5cadc93e0f9032453dc97","result_position":17,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":219958958,"title":"Insights for the future of health system partnerships in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic literature review","venue":"BMC Health Services Research","year":2020,"authors":["Simone Fanelli","F. P. Salvatore","Gianluigi De Pascale","Nicola Faccilongo"],"abstract":"Background Despite growing support for the private sector involvement in the provision of public health services in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), a lack of clear information on the future of the provision of such services restricts the ability of managers and policy-makers to assess how feasible integration between public and private actors may be in these countries. This paper presents a systematic literature review which traces the dynamics and boundaries of public-private partnerships for the healthcare sector in LMICs. Methods A total of 723 articles indexed in Scopus were initially submitted to bibliometric analysis. Finally, 148 articles published in several academic journals were selected for independent full-text review by two researchers. Content analysis was made in order to minimise mistakes in interpreting the findings of studies in the sample. Results Public-private partnerships identified through the content analysis were categorised into four research areas: 1) Transfer of resources; 2) Co-production of health goods and services; 3) Governance networks; 4) Criteria for successful partnership development. Conclusions The four main research areas supply suggestions for a future research agenda, and managerial and policy implications for partnerships in LMICs.","doi":"10.1186/s12913-020-05435-8","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/13283818075f2c7d9b073513482f171c364db461","result_position":18,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":211217610,"title":"Partnership for the implementation of mental health policy in Nigeria: a case study of the Comprehensive Community Mental Health Programme in Benue State","venue":"International Journal of Mental Health Systems","year":2020,"authors":["G. Ryan","Emeka Nwefoh","C. Aguocha","P. Ode","S. O. Okpoju","P. Ocheche","A. Woyengikuro","J. Abdulmalik","J. Eaton"],"abstract":"Background 71% of countries in the World Health Organisation’s (WHO’s) African Region have a stand-alone mental health policy or plan, but only 14% have fully implemented it. In Nigeria, integration of mental health into primary care has been a stumbling block to the implementation of the 1991 National Mental Health Policy, 2013 Policy on Mental Health Services Delivery and the National Mental, Neurological and Substance Use Programme and Action Plan. A partnership between public and private not-for-profits in Benue State, the Comprehensive Community Mental Health Programme (CCMHP) has successfully integrated mental health into primary care in alignment with the national mental health policy and the WHO’s mental health Gap Action Programme Intervention Guide (mhGAP-IG). There is a need to document such examples in order to inform policy implementation in Nigeria and other low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods We followed the Case Study Methodology to Monitor and Evaluate Community Mental Health Programmes in LMICs. Four field visits were conducted between 2013 and 2017 to document the first phase of activities of CCMHP, covering the period of January 2011 through June 2016. Results In its first phase, CCMHP trained 19 community psychiatric nurses and 48 community health extension workers in mhGAP-IG, establishing 45 new mental health clinics in primary care facilities across Benue, a state more populous than many countries. As a result, 13,785 clients (55% male, 45% female) were enrolled in mental health services either in primary care or in one of two pre-existing community-based rehabilitation facilities. Most are adults over age 18 (82.75%), and present to services with epilepsy (52.38%) or psychosis (38.41%). Conclusion The case of CCMHP demonstrates it is possible to rapidly scale-up mental health services in line with national mental health policy using the mhGAP-IG, even in a challenging, low-resource setting. Multi-sectoral partnerships may help to overcome some of the barriers to successful integration of mental health into general healthcare by capitalising on the resources and expertise of both state and non-state actors. However, a difficult political context could threaten the sustainability of the programme if funder requirements force a rapid transition to full government ownership.","doi":"10.1186/s13033-020-00344-z","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7e6b3857ad032248b01d937bc21b9186680e11af","result_position":19,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":236280690,"title":"Public-Private Partnerships: A Strategy for Effective Private Partnerships in Health Care Provision: A Policy Option","venue":"","year":2021,"authors":["H. Gharaee","S. Azami-aghdash"],"abstract":"Background and Aim: One of the most effective ways to cope with the financial constraints of health system, especially in developing countries, can be to engage the private sector in the form of a public-private partnership (PPP). Hence, the purpose of the present study is to introduce PPP as a general policy to increase the effective participation of the private sector in health system. \nMethods: Initially, existing literature was reviewed to identify methods, areas, and experiences in PPP. Then, an expert panel was organized with researchers, professors and experts in health services management and policy making. At the beginning of the panel, the content obtained in the previous step was presented, and then the requirements of PPP implementation in healthcare was discussed. \nResults: Considering the discussions, we can summarize the factors affecting PPP implementation in three topics: A) Private Sector Conditions: Sufficient number of eligible companies, significant financial gain for private companies; B) Public Sector Conditions: Principles, policies and indicators related to outsourcing of services, availability of transferable services, units or substations to private sector, lower cost of providing services in the private sector than the public sector; C) Background: Political, legal, economic and cultural conditions, successful experiences in other cities and provinces, support of the health system scientific body, common language and contract conditions. \nConclusion: Given the private sector’s capabilities and potentials to improve the quality and quantity of services provided, transparent PPP policies should be developed as an appropriate strategy for effective private sector participation in the provision of health care, and required infrastructure must be provided.","doi":"10.18502/HTAA.V4I3.6353","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/96a40bf09a45f10e5d780d65de4e3a0426776e7b","result_position":20,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":269285645,"title":"PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS IN HEALTH SECTOR INNOVATION: LESSONS FROM AROUND THE WORLD","venue":"International medical science research journal","year":2024,"authors":["Charles Chukwudalu Ebulue","Ogochukwu Roseline Ebulue","Chukwunonso Sylvester Ekesiobi"],"abstract":" Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) have emerged as a crucial mechanism for fostering innovation in the health sector globally. This review encapsulates the lessons learned from diverse PPP models worldwide, highlighting their significance and impact. PPPs in healthcare innovation entail collaboration between governmental bodies, private enterprises, and sometimes non-profit organizations to address challenges, such as limited resources, expertise, and infrastructure, while leveraging the strengths of each sector. The success of PPPs relies on effective governance structures, clear objectives, and mutual accountability. One notable example is the United Kingdom's NHS Innovation Accelerator, which partners with industry leaders to fast-track the adoption of innovative healthcare technologies within the National Health Service (NHS). Through this initiative, pioneering solutions, ranging from digital health platforms to medical devices, have been implemented, enhancing patient care and operational efficiency. Similarly, in low-resource settings like sub-Saharan Africa, PPPs have played a pivotal role in improving access to essential healthcare services. Projects such as the Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) collaborate with pharmaceutical companies, governments, and research institutions to develop affordable antimalarial drugs tailored to the region's needs. In the realm of medical research and development, partnerships like the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) have demonstrated the power of international collaboration in addressing global health threats. CEPI brings together governments, philanthropic organizations, and the private sector to expedite the development of vaccines against emerging infectious diseases, as witnessed during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, challenges persist in PPP implementation, including complex regulatory frameworks, funding uncertainties, and divergent interests among stakeholders. Lessons from successful PPPs underscore the importance of transparent communication, stakeholder engagement, and sustained political commitment. In conclusion, PPPs in the health sector represent a dynamic avenue for catalyzing innovation and driving transformative change. By drawing insights from diverse experiences worldwide, policymakers and practitioners can refine existing frameworks and foster sustainable partnerships to tackle evolving health challenges effectively. \nKeywords: Public-Private Partnership, Health, Innovation, World, Review.","doi":"10.51594/imsrj.v4i4.1051","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/44d4dd3163749490a92922536e8ea60615a6c9c6","result_position":21,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":273801036,"title":"Business Solutions for Social Issues: Tackling Poverty, Unemployment, and Healthcare Inequities","venue":"International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)","year":2024,"authors":["Sneh Sunilkumar Chovatia"],"abstract":": This paper examines how businesses can act as agents of social change, targeting critical issues like poverty, unemployment, and healthcare inequities. Traditionally tackled by governments and nonprofits, these challenges are increasingly addressed by businesses leveraging their unique resources and innovations. By analyzing successful business models and presenting case studies, the paper illustrates how corporate social responsibility CSR, social entrepreneurship, and other approaches contribute to societal welfare while creating economic value for businesses.","doi":"10.21275/sr241024164729","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4a1457d102323706b0db31b370d5d8f41a2eeb0c","result_position":22,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":267093421,"title":"Collaboration in a Partnership for Primary Health Care: A Case Study From Papua New Guinea","venue":"Global Health: Science and Practice Journal","year":2024,"authors":["Georgina Dove","A. Kelly‐Hanku","Jethro Usurup","Annmaree O’Keeffe","Geoff Scahill","Adam Craig"],"abstract":"Four key factors that influence collaboration in a public-private partnership (PPP) are relationships, time, governance, and the impact of change. Incorporating these factors into PPP design and implementation in similar settings can increase coordinated action and improvements in primary health care. Key Findings Collaboration in a public-private partnership (PPP) to strengthen primary health care services was accelerated by strong interpersonal relationships, nurtured through partners’ investment of time and effort, and encouraged by having formal governance structures. Changes such as the introduction of new partners and the planned exit of the implementation partner disrupted collaboration in the PPP. The Actor-Network Theory can assist PPPs in framing and reviewing collaborative processes and membership and can provide real-time opportunities for improvement and action. Key Implications Organizations participating in PPPs for PHC should engage in thoughtful and considered identification and review of stakeholders and ensure the roles and responsibilities of each stakeholder are understood. Organizations implementing PPPs should recognize the factors that support and impede open communication and mutually beneficial collaboration. Organizations implementing PPPs should seek national-level policies and guidelines that assist local-level partnerships with forming, operating, and exiting with sustainable outcomes. ABSTRACT Introduction: In low- and middle-income countries, public-private partnerships (PPPs) are often used to support the delivery of primary health care (PHC). We explore the processes of collaboration in a corporate social responsibility investment in PHC that was delivered through a PPP model in Western Province, Papua New Guinea, in 2009–2018 to strengthen PHC services. Methods: Qualitative interviews were conducted with stakeholders in the PPP (N=20). Key program documents were also reviewed. Data were coded using a general inductive approach, and Actor-Network Theory (ANT) was used to frame the analysis. Results: Four dominant themes emerged: (1) interpersonal relationships accelerate collaboration, (2) collaboration requires time, (3) formal governance structures encourage collaboration, and (4) internal change disrupts collaboration. The research provides insight into the role of collaboration for more efficient, effective, and impactful design and implementation of PPP for PHC. It makes suggestions for how ANT may be used when designing PPPs and for the ongoing management of relationships between partners. We found ANT to be a useful framework to conceptualize the complex dynamics between the “actors” within the PPP and to identify opportunities for improvement where structural changes may be made to circumvent issues that may compromise effective collaboration. Conclusion: Collaboration is key to the success of PPPs for PHC. We found collaboration is not formulaic but is driven by actors, relationships, time, and governance. ANT can assist in designing, understanding, and managing the complex relationships between stakeholders of a PPP, who often come with diverse agendas, experiences, values, and perspectives.","doi":"10.9745/GHSP-D-23-00040","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/034760039ccf2f718a9897e10f7cdbbd504da68a","result_position":23,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":49215477,"title":"Public–private partnerships in practice: collaborating to improve health finance policy in Ghana and Kenya","venue":"Health Policy and Planning","year":2018,"authors":["L. Suchman","E. Hart","D. Montagu"],"abstract":"Abstract Social health insurance (SHI), one mechanism for achieving universal health coverage, has become increasingly important in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) as they work to achieve this goal. Although small private providers supply a significant proportion of healthcare in LMICs, integrating these providers into SHI systems is often challenging. Public–private partnerships in health are one way to address these challenges, but we know little about how these collaborations work, how effectively, and why. Drawing on semi-structured interviews conducted with National Health Insurance (NHI) officials in Kenya and Ghana, as well as with staff from several international NGOs (INGOs) representing social franchise networks that are partnering to increase private provider accreditation into the NHIs, this article examines one example of public–private collaboration in practice. We found that interviewees initially had incomplete knowledge about the potential for cross-sector synergy, but both sides were motivated to work together around shared goals and the potential for mutual benefit. The public–private relationship then evolved over time through regular face-to-face interactions, reciprocal feedback, and iterative workplan development. This process led to a collegial relationship that also has given small private providers more voice in the health system. In order to sustain this relationship, we recommend that both public and private sector representatives develop formalized protocols for working together, as well as less formal open channels for communication. Models for aggregating small private providers and delivering them to government programmes as a package have potential to facilitate public–private partnerships as well, but there is little evidence on how these models work in LMICs thus far.","doi":"10.1093/heapol/czy053","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5d36c9960247acab3a36f9e78fe729d830830f97","result_position":24,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":246437387,"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS IN THE FIELD OF HEALTH CARE","venue":"Socio World Social Research & Behavioral Sciences","year":2021,"authors":["Serhii Petryk Serhii Petryk","Oksana Oliinyk Oksana Oliinyk","Galyna Shpytalenko Galyna Shpytalenko"],"abstract":"Public-private partnership is the most effective mechanism for cooperation between the state and the private sector to achieve certain social and economic goals. In the context of health care reform, the issue of public-private partnership is extremely relevant and requires further research. Based on the study, the innovative provisions for the formation and implementation of public-private partnership projects as a mechanism of public administration in the field of health, substantiated innovative models of public administration in such forms as joint activities, concessions and leases. Implementation of the proposed models by public authorities in the field of health care management is possible provided that the legal mechanism is improved and new requirements for private partners are formed, taking into account industry specifics.\nKeywords: public administration, public-private partnership, public administration mechanisms, health care.","doi":"10.36962/swd0604(02)2021-149","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a7700ff535b0db216fc48251cacf4378918f8c2e","result_position":25,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":655985,"title":"Public–Private Partnerships in Cloud-Computing Services in the Context of Genomic Research","venue":"Frontiers in Medicine","year":2017,"authors":["Palmira Granados Moreno","Y. Joly","B. Knoppers"],"abstract":"Public–private partnerships (PPPs) have been increasingly used to spur and facilitate innovation in a number of fields. In healthcare, the purpose of using a PPP is commonly to develop and/or provide vaccines and drugs against communicable diseases, mainly in developing or underdeveloped countries. With the advancement of technology and of the area of genomics, these partnerships also focus on large-scale genomic research projects that aim to advance the understanding of diseases that have a genetic component and to develop personalized treatments. This new focus has created new forms of PPPs that involve information technology companies, which provide computing infrastructure and services to store, analyze, and share the massive amounts of data genomic-related projects produce. In this article, we explore models of PPPs proposed to handle, protect, and share the genomic data collected and to further develop genomic-based medical products. We also identify the reasons that make these models suitable and the challenges they have yet to overcome. To achieve this, we describe the details and complexities of MSSNG, International Cancer Genome Consortium, and 100,000 Genomes Project, the three PPPs that focus on large-scale genomic research to better understand the genetic components of autism, cancer, rare diseases, and infectious diseases with the intention to find appropriate treatments. Organized as PPP and employing cloud-computing services, the three projects have advanced quickly and are likely to be important sources of research and development for future personalized medicine. However, there still are unresolved matters relating to conflicts of interest, commercialization, and data control. Learning from the challenges encountered by past PPPs allowed us to establish that developing guidelines to adequately manage personal health information stored in clouds and ensuring the protection of data integrity and privacy would be critical steps in the development of future PPPs.","doi":"10.3389/fmed.2017.00003","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3c570cd5f17f684df8ecec565d8118574bacc281","result_position":26,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":196611178,"title":"An Analysis of Public-Private Partnerships and Sustainable Health Care Provision in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","venue":"Health Services Insights","year":2019,"authors":["M. K. Al-Hanawi","Ameerah M N Qattan"],"abstract":"This study considers the issue of health care provision in Saudi Arabia, looking in particular at the challenges for health care providers and ministry officials. Although the study concentrates on factors specific to Saudi Arabia, it also examines the problem from a broadly international perspective. In particular, the study explores the experience of health care modernisation in the United Kingdom to conceptualise the practicality of fusing public services with market ideals. There is a pressing need to modernise the Saudi health care system with the economic burden on the state-funded Ministry of Health being an unsustainable means of providing health care in future. The solution resides partially in opening the public health care system to alternative sources of management and revenue. In particular, public-private partnerships will be considered as a viable means of funding health care in Saudi Arabia and for improving standards and the quality of care. This study concludes that, whereas the move towards a public-private partnership approach to health care provision has been touted as a precondition for modernisation and development, the precise fusion between government and non-government forces remains a source of conjecture. As a result, the study advocates caution when evaluating the benefits and pitfalls of partnerships between public and private actors.","doi":"10.1177/1178632919859008","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2f69a80c5332ed49e1060e81b9be1088a85d83a0","result_position":27,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":153723587,"title":"Public-private Partnerships for Inclusive Development: Role of Private Corporate Sector in Provision of Healthcare Services","venue":"","year":2014,"authors":["Anitha Medhekar"],"abstract":"Abstract Travelling abroad for medical treatment, also known as healthcare tourism is a growing phenomenon. Medical tourism is a provision of cost effective private medical care by corporate hospitals such as Apollo and Fortis, in partnership with the government, medical and the tourism industry to foreign patients needing elective, diagnostic, cosmetic surgery and alternative therapies who are travelling to India in search of value. The Minister of Finance, in the 10 th 2003-2007 budget speech, called for India to become a world class “Global Health Destination” and attracting foreign direct investment as a pathway for economic development. Thus on one hand, India is providing first world quality of medical treatment to foreign patients and on the other hand, is struggling to provide equitable access to primary healthcare and infrastructure for millions living in poverty. The aim of this paper is to critically examine the sustainable and inclusive (pro-poor) development of healthcare services by the private corporate sector, in public-private partnership (PPP) with the government.","doi":"10.1016/J.SBSPRO.2014.11.007","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/56c7a5e7b1f2a6dd081ef84cceb5dd8168723ed0","result_position":28,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":6476346,"title":"Implementation and Scale-Up of Psycho-Trauma Centers in a Post-Conflict Area: A Case Study of a Private–Public Partnership in Northern Uganda","venue":"PLoS Medicine","year":2013,"authors":["E. Nakimuli-Mpungu","Stephen Alderman","E. Kinyanda","K. Allden","T. Betancourt","Jeffrey S. Alderman","Alison Pavia","J. Okello","J. Nakku","A. Adaku","S. Musisi"],"abstract":"As one article in an ongoing series on Global Mental Health Practice, Etheldreda Nakimuli-Mpungu and colleagues describe a private-public partnership that implemented and scaled psycho-trauma centers in Northern Uganda.","doi":"10.1371/journal.pmed.1001427","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/32ce38e3883ce77345e45e1a397c2a70e595d32d","result_position":29,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":56460298,"title":"Mapping private-public-partnership in health organizations: India experience","venue":"","year":2015,"authors":["Nayan Chakravarty","Goutam Sadhu","Sourav Bhattacharjee","Srinivas Nallala"],"abstract":"The dream of universal health care demands a much larger and wider approach, engaging not just the public but also the private sector. This paper has attempted mapping the present public-private partnership scenario in India using the WHO health system functions framework, giving an insight into the nature and extent of challenge of the present dominant model. A systematic review methodology was adopted to identify published literature on private-public partnership in India. From an initial pool of 785 articles were identified. Finally a total of 29 published articles meeting the inclusion criteria were included. The descriptive framework of Health system functions by WHO (2000), were used to analyze the data. All papers which were considered for the study were segregated based on the 4 prime health system functions: Financing; Management of non-financial inputs; Health service delivery and Oversight. The literature review reveals that more than half of the papers (51.72%) selected for the study were focused on health service delivery functions and quite thin literature were available for other 3 functions, which includes financing, management of non-financial inputs and oversight functions as per WHO. This finding raise an important question if the genesis of most of the public-private partnerships is out of the inability of the public sector in reaching out to a particular target group by virtue of its geographical position or difficulty in working with high risk groups. Considering the limitations of the present model of engagement of private and public sectors, it demands for an alternative model of engagement where the mutual strength that exists with each one of the partners, could be harnessed and complemented. An alternate model is to engage in tri-partite partnership (TPP) between the government, non-government and the corporates.","doi":"10.4103/2230-8598.153811","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/835cb2953b6f637dc263a60071140edfdbd29fd9","result_position":30,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":214767015,"title":"Healthcare Digitalization and Pay-For-Performance Incentives in Smart Hospital Project Financing","venue":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","year":2020,"authors":["Roberto Moro Visconti","Donato Morea"],"abstract":"This study aims to explore the impact of healthcare digitalization on smart hospital project financing (PF) fostered by pay-for-performance (P4P) incentives. Digital platforms are a technology-enabled business model that facilitates exchanges between interacting agents. They represent a bridging link among disconnected nodes, improving the scalable value of networks. Application to healthcare public–private partnerships (PPPs) is significant due to the consistency of digital platforms with health issues and the complexity of the stakeholder’s interaction. In infrastructural PPPs, public and private players cooperate, usually following PF patterns. This relationship is complemented by digitized supply chains and is increasingly patient-centric. This paper reviews the literature, analyzes some supply chain bottlenecks, addresses solutions concerning the networking effects of platforms to improve PPP interactions, and investigates the cost–benefit analysis of digital health with an empirical case. Whereas diagnostic or infrastructural technology is an expensive investment with long-term payback, leapfrogging digital applications reduce contingent costs. “Digital” savings can be shared by key stakeholders with P4P schemes, incentivizing value co-creation patterns. Efficient sharing may apply network theory to a comprehensive PPP ecosystem where stakeholding nodes are digitally connected. This innovative approach improves stakeholder relationships, which are re-engineered around digital platforms that enhance patient-centered satisfaction and sustainability. Digital technologies are useful even for infectious disease surveillance, like that of the coronavirus pandemic, for supporting massive healthcare intervention, decongesting hospitals, and providing timely big data.","doi":"10.3390/ijerph17072318","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3392eacd3efe7e3284c5d81e16272fd410d8fae9","result_position":31,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":36377771,"title":"Europe sees mixed results from public-private partnerships for building and managing health care facilities and services.","venue":"Health Affairs","year":2013,"authors":["James Barlow","J. Roehrich","S. Wright"],"abstract":"Prompted in part by constrained national budgets, European governments are increasingly partnering with the private sector to underwrite the costs of constructing and operating public hospitals and other health care facilities and delivering services. Through such public-private partnerships, governments hope to avoid up-front capital expenditure and to harness private-sector efficiencies, while private-sector partners aim for a return on investment. Our research indicates that to date, experience with these partnerships has been mixed. Early models of these partnerships-for example, in which a private firm builds a hospital and carries out building maintenance, which we term an \"accommodation-only\" model-arguably have not met expectations for achieving greater efficiencies at lower costs. Newer models described in this article offer greater opportunities for efficiency gains but are administratively harder to set up and manage. Given the shortages in public capital for new infrastructure, it seems likely that the attractiveness of these partnerships to European governments will grow.","doi":"10.1377/hlthaff.2011.1223","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fcf53f3f0403b7787cb8eda9f3076c0f1520810b","result_position":32,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":221325882,"title":"Public-Private Partnership Policy in Primary Health Care: A Scoping Review","venue":"Journal of Primary Care & Community Health","year":2020,"authors":["J. Tabrizi","S. Azami-aghdash","H. Gharaee"],"abstract":"Background: Given the challenges of governments to deliver primary health care (PHC), engaging private sector in the form of public-private partnership (PPP) can be effective policy. The aim of present study is to review the experiences of implementing PPP policy in PHC. Methods: This scoping review study was conducted in 2019 using the framework proposed by Arkesy and O’Malley. Required data were collected through search the related keywords in databases, manual search of some journals, websites, and other sources of information and through references check, from January 2000 to May 2019. All studies, which focused on the results of PPP in PHC, and published in English or Persian were included in the study. Results: A total of 108 articles were included in the study. The studies were mostly conducted in low- and middle-income countries. The quantitative studies have demonstrated the success of this policy in improving PHC indicators. Based on the qualitative studies PPP in PHC has many benefits, including access improvement, economic benefits, and service quality enhancement. Conclusions: The present study provides useful information on the experiences of different countries in the field of PPP in PHC that can be used by experts and decision makers to decide whether to engage the private sector in the form of PPP model.","doi":"10.1177/2150132720943769","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/525a82e944410656310586b03b7eb297c11c3ca6","result_position":33,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":211762489,"title":"Big Data and Public-Private Partnerships in Healthcare and Research","venue":"Asian Bioethics Review","year":2019,"authors":["Angela Ballantyne","C. Stewart"],"abstract":"Public-private partnerships (PPPs) are established to specifically harness the potential of Big Data in healthcare and can include partners working across the data chain—producing health data, analysing data, using research results or creating value from data. This domain paper will illustrate the challenges that arise when partners from the public and private sector collaborate to share, analyse and use biomedical Big Data. We discuss three specific challenges for PPPs: working within the social licence, public antipathy to the commercialisation of public sector health data, and questions of ownership, both of the data and any resulting intellectual property or products. As a specific example we consider the case of the UK National Health Service (NHS) providing patient data to Google’s DeepMind AI program to develop a diagnostic app for kidney disease. This article is an application of the framework presented in this issue of ABR (Xafis et al. 2019). Please refer to that article for more information on how this framework is to be used, including a full explanation of the key values involved and the balancing approach used in the case study at the end. We use four specific values to help analysis these issues: public benefit, stewardship, transparency and engagement. We demonstrate how the Deliberative Framework can support ethical governance of PPPs involving biomedical big data.","doi":"10.1007/s41649-019-00100-7","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7916939428694c971235efc13f27ac8ca65bff7c","result_position":34,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":228986731,"title":"Influence of public-private partnership mechanisms on health investments in health care","venue":"Journal of Education, Health and Sport","year":2020,"authors":["A. Ivanyuk"],"abstract":"The objective . To consider the mechanisms of public-private partnership (PPP) as a way to attract investment into the health care system and find out the existence in Ukraine of a legal basis for the implementation of PPP in health care sector. Materials and methods. The mechanisms and possibilities of PPP projects realization in health care sector have been studied with the use of systematic approach, systematic analysis and information-analytical method. Results . Based on the analysis of international experience, the article presents the key models of PPP used in health care. The legal and institutional bases for the implementation of the PPP investment mechanism in the health care system of Ukraine are determined. The benefits of implementing PPP projects in health care for the state, private partners and the general population are shown. The basic principles of PPP and key directions of introduction of mechanisms of public-private partnership in the field of health care are substantiated. The existing problems for the formation of these mechanisms in the health care of Ukraine are revealed. Conclusions. Public-private partnership is a promising direction of investment attraction in the health care system. There is a necessary legal framework for the implementation of PPP projects in health care inUkraine. .","doi":"10.12775/JEHS.2020.10.10.016","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ac1ec4e2aea03dfe43509ebf34fc920e60e3ba58","result_position":35,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":276983802,"title":"Public-Private partnership (PPP) and health service delivery in Malawi: The case of Christian Health Association of Malawi (CHAM) facilities in Mzimba district","venue":"Health Policy OPEN","year":2025,"authors":["Chisomo Salangwa","Chisomo Salangwa","Reston Munthali","Lusungu Mfune","Vegha Kaunga Nyirenda"],"abstract":"Background PPPs are crucial in addressing healthcare challenges in Malawi, a low-income country. These partnerships, including those with CHAM, help improve access to health services by complementing the public sector, especially in areas with inadequate infrastructure and limited healthcare resources. Method This study employed qualitative methods, including interviews, focus groups, and document analysis, to investigate the impact of PPP on healthcare infrastructure and access. Purposive and snowball sampling selected 30 interviewees and 20 focus groups. Thematic analysis revealed insights into PPP dynamics, resource allocation, stakeholder interactions, and socio-economic factors in healthcare. Results Government officials recognise PPPs’ positive impact on healthcare access, especially in rural areas, but raise concerns about sustainability due to policy inconsistencies, financial instability, and service duplication. CHAM and district health professionals highlight delayed payments, cost management, and infrastructure issues. While PPPs increase healthcare utilisation, challenges like drug shortages, staff shortages, and financial strain threaten long-term sustainability without better coordination. Conclusion This study explores PPPs in Malawi’s health sector, focusing on healthcare quality, efficiency, equity, and access. It identifies challenges like mistrust, misaligned incentives, data inflation, contract renegotiations, staffing shortages, and infrastructure issues. The study emphasises improving transparency, aligning incentives, and addressing sustainability through better resource management and financing.","doi":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2025.100139","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/539cdf813e55a6ead92dab2c73dc0717202e87a6","result_position":36,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":259140128,"title":"Leveraging technology in public-private partnerships: a model to address public health inequities","venue":"Frontiers in Health Services","year":2023,"authors":["A. Arnaout","Melina Oseguera-Arasmou","Nikesh Mishra","Bennett M Liu","Ahanjit Bhattacharya","D. Rhew"],"abstract":"Long-standing inequities in healthcare access and outcomes exist for underserved populations. Public-private partnerships (PPPs) are where the government and a private entity jointly invest in the provision of public services. Using examples from the Health Equity Consortium (HEC), we describe how technology was used to facilitate collaborations between public and private entities to address health misinformation, reduce vaccine hesitancy, and increase access to primary care services across various underserved communities during the COVID-19 pandemic. We call out four enablers of effective collaboration within the HEC-led PPP model, including: 1. Establishing trust in the population to be served 2. Enabling bidirectional flow of data and information 3. Mutual value creation and 4. Applying analytics and AI to help solve complex problems. Continued evaluation and improvements to the HEC-led PPP model are needed to address post-COVID-19 sustainability.","doi":"10.3389/frhs.2023.1187306","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fd4b8a667b3ade8d38881078c4b8fa93587af29a","result_position":37,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":250300908,"title":"Perceived Quality and Users’ Satisfaction with Public–Private Partnerships in Health Sector","venue":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","year":2022,"authors":["João M. S. Carvalho","N. Rodrigues"],"abstract":"In Portugal, the government has accepted private management within public hospitals since 1996. The objectives of the state were to ensure more efficiency in resource management and maintain or increase the service quality provided to the users. Four public hospitals have been managed with a public–private partnership (PPP) approach. This study aimed to empirically analyse the degree of satisfaction of the Portuguese population regarding the service quality provided by PPP and Public Management Hospitals (PMH) within a structural equation model, and verify if people’s literacy level, age, education, and income moderate their opinions. The study used 2077 valid questionnaire responses applied in the four regions served by the eight hospitals. The results show that the users of the PPP hospitals are more satisfied than those from PMH with statistical significance. Literacy level moderates the relationship between perceived quality and users’ satisfaction, and education moderates the same relationship only in the context of PPP hospitals. More educated people with a high literacy level are more demanding, both regarding PPP and PMH hospitals. Nevertheless, the results are very beneficial to the PPP model; thus, improved decision-making regarding contract renewal might help policymakers consider the findings of this paper.","doi":"10.3390/ijerph19138188","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2a63b001f84f5c921e77b36220c4b3b76bfd7ca6","result_position":38,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":264606354,"title":"Effective Public-Private Partnership In Regional Healthcare","venue":"","year":2021,"authors":["Natalya Krivenko"],"abstract":"The article discusses the possibilities of solving the social sector's infrastructure problems, including healthcare, using the public-private partnership (PPP). The purpose of the study is to create an algorithm for assessing the effectiveness of the public-private partnership projects in healthcare at the regional level using statistical, structural, comparative, and factor analysis. The paper presents an analysis of Russian and international experience of implementing various PPP models in healthcare. The implementation of the public-private partnership in the Sverdlovsk region's healthcare system is demonstrated in the example of the Nuclear Medicine Centre. The author's algorithm for assessing the effectiveness of the public-private partnership projects in the regional healthcare system examines the dynamics of changes in the incidence and mortality of the working-age population and calculates the economic effect. As a result, the presented approach allowed assessing PPP's effectiveness in the example of the Nuclear Medicine Centre in the Sverdlovsk regional oncology service, confirming the importance of the public-private partnerships in ensuring mutually beneficial cooperation between the regional healthcare and socio-economic systems. The author's approach to assessing the effectiveness of public-private partnerships in regional healthcare can be applied in any constituent entity of the Russian Federation.","doi":"10.15405/EPSBS.2021.04.22","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9cc867bce884de19340747c4c55159f1fe521cf7","result_position":39,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":204974584,"title":"Partnership with private for-profit sector for universal health coverage in sub-Saharan Africa: opportunities and caveats","venue":"BMJ Global Health","year":2019,"authors":["J. Nabyonga-Orem","J. Nabukalu","S. Okuonzi"],"abstract":"### Summary box\n\nSustainable Development Goal 3: “Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages”, with an ambitious target of attaining universal health coverage (UHC), is the aspiration of almost all countries. UHC is defined as access for the whole population to good-quality health services without the risk of financial hardship.1 Unfortunately, the public sector in most sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries lacks the capacity to provide this range of services to the whole population. Emphasis has been on strengthening the public health sector despite the resource limitations. The private sector is a potential resource for covering the gaps the public sector is unable to fill and this implores us to explore options for meaningful partnerships. The objective of this commentary is to explore the opportunities, caveats and the potential for partnership with the PFP to achieve UHC in the context of low-income countries (LICs).\n\nThe private sector comprises private for-profit (PFP) and private not-for-profit (PNFP). In this commentary, we focus only on the PFP sector. We acknowledge the broad scope of PFP activities in health however, in this commentary, we focus only on partnerships with the PFP providers for the delivery of health services. The private sector is taken …","doi":"10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001193","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1faa69ff2c6b0ea9f79a0a453c1d03bd0470cf04","result_position":40,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":8387763,"title":"Institutional public private partnerships for core health services: evidence from Italy","venue":"BMC Health Services Research","year":2011,"authors":["G. Cappellaro","F. Longo"],"abstract":"BackgroundPublic-private partnerships (PPPs) are potential instruments to enable private collaboration in the health sector. Despite theoretical debate, empirical analyses have thus far tended to focus on the contractual or project dimension, overlooking institutional PPPs, i.e., formal legal entities run by proper corporate-governance mechanisms and jointly owned by public and private parties for the provision of public-health goods. This work aims to fill this gap by carrying out a comparative analysis of the reasons for the adoption of institutional PPPs and the governance and managerial features necessary to establish them as appropriate arrangements for public-health services provisions.MethodsA qualitative analysis is carried out on experiences of institutional PPPs within the Italian National Health Service (Sistema Sanitario Nazionale, SSN). The research question is addressed through a contextual and comparative embedded case study design, assuming the entire population of PPPs (4) currently in force in one Italian region as the unit of analysis: (i) a rehabilitation hospital, (ii), an orthopaedic-centre, (iii) a primary care and ambulatory services facility, and (iv) a health- and social-care facility. Internal validity is guaranteed by the triangulation of sources in the data collection phase, which included archival and interview data.ResultsFour governance and managerial issues were found to be critical in determining the positive performance of the case examined: (i) a strategic market orientation to a specialised service area with sufficient potential demand, (ii) the allocation of public capital assets and the consistent financial involvement of the private partner, (iii) the adoption of private administrative procedures in a regulated setting while guaranteeing the respect of public administration principles, and (iv) clear regulation of the workforce to align the contracts with the organisational culture.ConclusionsFindings suggests that institutional PPPs enable national health services to reap great benefits when introduced as a complement to the traditional public-service provisions for a defined set of services and goals.","doi":"10.1186/1472-6963-11-82","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5d3d33ca0181ceb3797ad4714ae111b5929bb1a4","result_position":41,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":154824474,"title":"PPPs in Health: Static or Dynamic?","venue":"","year":2010,"authors":["A. Blanken","G. Dewulf"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1111/J.1467-8500.2009.00656.X","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/64271460a0abab2f04218f48c85e12f0aeb1280b","result_position":42,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":207810459,"title":"Promoting population health with public-private partnerships: Where’s the evidence?","venue":"BMC Public Health","year":2019,"authors":["L. A. Parker","G. A. Zaragoza","I. Hernández-Aguado"],"abstract":"Although public-private partnerships have become common in the health sector, the evidence supporting their effectiveness is limited, and when the products or services provided by the private partner are harmful to health inherent conflicts of interest may be difficult to overcome. The objective of this study is to appraise the evidence describing process or effectiveness of public-private partnerships (PPPs) that aim to promote population health, and analyse how characteristics such as independence or competing interests influence the results of their evaluation. We carried out a systematic search of Medline and Web of Science to identify scientific reports evaluating the process or effectiveness of PPPs that aim to promote population health. Two reviewers applied inclusion criteria, extracted and evaluated study quality. We classified PPPs according to the health problem tackled, the independence of the evaluation, and the potential for competition between business interests of the private partner and health promotion activity undertaken. We classified the conclusions of the evaluation as positive (supportive/tentatively supportive) or negative (semi-critical/critical). We identified 36 studies evaluating 25 PPPs. Evaluations that were favourable to the use of PPPs in health promotion were more frequently classed as “not independent” and of poor quality. On the other hand, negative evaluations were more common when the PPP involved a private partner with a high potential for competition between the health promotion activity undertaken and their financial interests. PPPs that sought to prevent non-communicable diseases were more frequently negatively evaluated compared to PPPs tackling infectious disease or other types of health problem. Almost all of the evaluations evaluated process, with only 2 papers reporting quantitative health related outcomes. There is still a lack of sound evidence supporting the effectiveness of public-private partnerships in health promotion, and the evidence base is skewed by non-independent evaluations. Public health actors should abstain from engaging in agreements with industries whose business interests have a high potential for competition with the health promotion activity undertaken.","doi":"10.1186/s12889-019-7765-2","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8de71ab9eab31875ab587d165c343c93c69d0740","result_position":43,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":20860671,"title":"Global public-private partnerships: Part I--A new development in health?","venue":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","year":2000,"authors":["K. Buse","G. Walt"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1590/S0042-96862000000400019","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dd784a771f244eb1bcdab12be777fca6dae559fd","result_position":44,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":225632006,"title":"The Application of Public-Private Partnership for the Purpose of Implementing State Policy in the Sphere of Health Care","venue":"International journal of economics and business administration","year":2020,"authors":["T. Popova","M. Iskiv","V. Zagurska-Antoniuk","Z. Buryk","Volodymyr Matsyk","N. Terentieva"],"abstract":"Purpose: The problematic of functions and responsibilities’ distribution of the public and private sectors is a debatable issue in the study of the most effective PPP models. The objective of this academic paper is to study the features of the application of public-private partnership for the purpose of implementing state policy in the sphere of health care. Design/Methodology/Approach: Based on the in-depth case study for data collection and semi-structured in-depth interview, detailed data on the experience of PPP projects in Ukraine have been collected and analysed with statistical methods. Findings: As a result, the problem of implementing the PPP model has been revealed being the impossibility of municipal authorities to provide guarantees of funds’ return to a private partner. This problem is common in the countries with transition economies, where the concept of new public governance has not been implemented yet. The experience of Italy and China as an example of effective implementation of hybrid PPP models in the health care sphere has been studied. Originality/Value: Research proves the importance of compliance with the obligations of the municipality and its active participation in the implementation of the PPP project. The basic limitation is the inability to scale the results, the experience of the PPP project to other regions within countries due to the lack of practice of implementing the PPP mechanism.","doi":"10.35808/ijeba/491","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3f929a5c0b9708ca7033fb9c61e2d506e354d66f","result_position":45,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":151586488,"title":"A Deductive Analysis of Public Private Partnerships for Health Technology","venue":"","year":2017,"authors":["Éric Montpetit"],"abstract":"In several countries, consulting firms, think thanks and even government agencies spend a considerable amount of energy trying to expand the scope of public private partnerships (PPPs). Initially confined to the construction and maintenance of public infrastructures, PPPs are currently discussed and experimented with in sectors as diverse as health care provision, crime reduction, immigrants’ integration and even the organization of elections. This paper discusses the way PPPs are likely to transform the adoption of novel medical technology in countries where health care is publicly funded. I believe, however, that several ideas presented here can be useful to consider in applying PPPs to all sectors of state intervention relying on expensive technologies. In the first section, I begin by presenting the economic understanding upon which PPPs rest. I then present the simple and uncontroversial assumption that, in democratic countries, PPPs are negotiated by politicians. Withholding the rationality assumption upon which economic theory rests, I argue that rational politicians are unlikely to prefer a PPP contract appealing to a private partner, unless politicians accept occasional renegotiation of given clauses of PPP contracts. Where this occurs, however, the alleged economic efficiency of PPPs is seriously undermined. In the second section, I present a series of reasons to contest economic theory’s treatment of health technology choices as economic choices. These reasons, I suggest, made significant contributions to health technology assessment and purchase reforms. The economic reasoning behind PPPs, I conclude, poses a serious threat to these reforms.","doi":"10.7202/1039125AR","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b8a7e4f9480c70410eaade1151a981728213d1e6","result_position":46,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":169736164,"title":"Public Private Partnerships and the Quality and Efficiency of Healthcare Services","venue":"","year":2018,"authors":["M. Hellowell"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-69563-1_1","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f7ac00b3378a236f4aae09be679cad55a985b64c","result_position":47,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":6715102,"title":"Entrepreneurs ' perspective on public-private partnership in health care and social services.","venue":"Journal of health organization and management","year":2016,"authors":["Janne Sinisammal","P. Leviäkangas","Tommi Autio","Elina Hyrkäs"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1108/JHOM-02-2014-0039","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/063f504cfc5b8c81f8dbcf0858f74820d6c9fbf2","result_position":48,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":154248938,"title":"Public–Private Partnerships in the Health Care Sector: A systematic review of the literature","venue":"","year":2015,"authors":["M. Torchia","A. Calabrò","Michèle Morner"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1080/14719037.2013.792380","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0c3a1998a98dc583229b33c0f3ad2cc01c69573e","result_position":49,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":14444669,"title":"Public–private partnerships for public health","venue":"Nature Medicine","year":2000,"authors":["M. Reich"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1038/76176","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c01f425b53d5dbd3abe39352a0693397bd936524","result_position":50,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":17416277,"title":"Public-private health partnerships: a strategy for WHO.","venue":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","year":2001,"authors":["K. Buse","A. Waxman"],"abstract":"Following early success with a number of high-profile partnerships, WHO is increasingly working with the private for-profit sector. In so doing, the organization finds itself in the maelstrom of a vibrant debate on the roles of public, civic, and commercial entities in society and on the appropriate modes of interaction among them. This paper examines WHO's involvement with the commercial sector, particularly in partnerships. WHO's approach to this sector is outlined and the criticisms levelled at public-private partnerships are reviewed. An indication is given of the steps recently taken by WHO to confront the concerns that have been expressed. The paper argues that partnership between WHO and the commercial sector is inevitable and that it presents considerable opportunities, but also significant risks, for the organization and for public health. A strategy is proposed for directing the debate on issues critical to WHO and its role in the promotion and protection of public health.","doi":"10.1590/S0042-96862001000800011","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bdc37288de2c57caccf61990dfd83b54754280d2","result_position":51,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":25831572,"title":"Models of public-private engagement for health services delivery and financing in Southern Africa: a systematic review.","venue":"Health Policy and Planning","year":2016,"authors":["E. Whyle","Jill Olivier"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1093/HEAPOL/CZW075","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1bd47764421549a2b2bb7ba588fb6383e5fd30b0","result_position":52,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":266787942,"title":"Opportunities and challenges in public–private partnerships to reduce social inequality in health in upper-middle-income and high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-synthesis","venue":"BMJ Open","year":2024,"authors":["A. Srivarathan","Maria Kristiansen","A. N. Jensen"],"abstract":"Objectives There is a need for novel approaches to address the complexity of social inequality in health. Public–private partnerships (PPPs) have been proposed as a promising approach; however, knowledge on lessons learnt from such partnerships remain unclear. This study synthesises evidence on opportunities and challenges of PPPs focusing on social inequality in health in upper-middle-income and high-income countries. Design A systematic literature review and meta-synthesis was conducted using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool for quality appraisal. Data sources PubMed, PsychInfo, Embase, Sociological Abstracts and SocIndex were searched for studies published between January 2013 and January 2023. Eligibility criteria Studies were eligible if they applied a quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods design and reported on lessons learnt from PPPs focusing on social inequality in health in upper-middle-income and high-income countries. Studies had to be published in either English, Danish, German, Norwegian or Swedish. Data extraction and synthesis Two independent reviewers extracted data and appraised the quality of the included studies. A meta-synthesis with a descriptive intent was conducted and data were grouped into opportunities and challenges. Results A total of 16 studies of varying methodological quality were included. Opportunities covered three themes: (1) creating synergies, (2) clear communication and coordination, and (3) trust to sustain partnerships. Challenges were identified as reflected in the following three themes: (1) scarce resources, (2) inadequate communication and coordination, and (3) concerns on distrust and conflicting interest. Conclusions Partnerships across public, private and academic institutions hold the potential to address social inequality in health. Nevertheless, a variety of important lessons learnt are identified in the scientific literature. For future PPPs to be successful, partners should be aware of the availability of resources, provide clear communication and coordination, and address concerns on distrust and conflicting interests among partners. PROSPERO registration number CRD42023384608.","doi":"10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076209","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/95cbba419616f0bd586e148052f843678027d5cc","result_position":53,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":12103166,"title":"Public-private partnerships in Canadian health care","venue":"","year":2012,"authors":["D. Barrows","H. Macdonald","A. Supapol","Olivia Dalton-Jez","Simone Harvey-Rioux"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1787/BUDGET-12-5K9CZXKBCK9W","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d766a22b745a5ebefe2ad8dc537cfc0a3f3cc19d","result_position":54,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":21998850,"title":"Public-Private Partnerships for Health","venue":"Journal of health communication","year":2007,"authors":["S. Ratzan"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1080/10810730701331739","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fea787e2aae4cf3ea5ee4aaafbd7fe38d02f5048","result_position":55,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":169700973,"title":"Public-Private Partnership in Regional Health Care Modernization: Analysis and Strategic Priorities of its Development","venue":"","year":2018,"authors":["N. Kosinova","S. Sazonov","N.Yu. Glazkova"],"abstract":"For the further development of the Russian economy in the context of global transformation, various forms of a joint venture between state structures and commercial organizations are of great importance. One of the instruments for such interaction is a public-private partnership (PPP), whose main objective is to improve public welfare by combining efforts and resources of the parties, optimally distributing their responsibility and risk. In the article, we conducted an analysis of PPPs in the healthcare sector as a comprehensive study of positive and negative factors, which may affect the PPPs effective development in health care modernization. The analysis revealed key strategic priorities of the PPP development in the healthcare sector. Favorable legal, organizational and institutional conditions are required for efficient management of PPP projects implementation in health care modernization in order to increase the level of availability and quality of medical services.","doi":"10.2991/CSSDRE-18.2018.96","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/71d1c9699d4180f6d8c446a5a5cbaf892ef092f0","result_position":56,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":271399704,"title":"Health Research Policy and Systems BioMed Central","venue":"","year":2004,"authors":[],"abstract":null,"doi":"","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c2466eb3a7ee9dbe37b17071b44f4d0fb6f89847","result_position":57,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":213723095,"title":"Infrastructure Development by Public-Private Partnership in Indonesia: A Systematic Literature Review","venue":"","year":2019,"authors":["V. Mandasari","Ersa Tri Wahyuni"],"abstract":"Research on Public-Private Partnership (PPP) in Indonesia has emerged over the last decade due to the increased popularity of PPP as one of the financing schemes for the infrastructure project. This study aims to determine the trend of PPP research in Indonesia between the period of 2002 and 2019 and identify the research gap. Papers from three academic citation engines; Google scholars, Sinta and Garuda were selected based on the specific words relevant to PPP issues in Indonesia. A total of 107 papers from both international and national journals are analyzed to discover a few themes of the paper and analyze them based on the categories emerging from the themes. The analysis revealed that the quantity of the paper steadily increase from the period of 2015 and is still dominated by authors from engineering science background (41.12%). Road (20.47%) and Water Supply (16.54%) are the popular objects in the study, followed by the airport (3.94%). In terms of methodology, the case study of a PPP project has been a popular methodology chosen by 31 papers (28.97%). The top three topics in the literature have discussed risk analysis of PPP project (22.43%), the implementation of PPP (22,43%) and the BOT scheme (13,08%). The study identifies the literature gap in the accounting issues and taxation issues respectively, as well as the social impact of the PPP projects. Research on the three issues will enrich our understanding of the PPP issues in Indonesia.","doi":"10.32783/csid-jid.v2i2.90","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d49887139bb5f233534a3b0580cc1e8c915b8c94","result_position":58,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":268379895,"title":"Quality improvement in public–private partnerships in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review","venue":"BMC Health Services Research","year":2024,"authors":["Cassandra B. Iroz","Rohit Ramaswamy","Z. Bhutta","Paul R. Barach"],"abstract":"Public–private partnerships (PPP) are often how health improvement programs are implemented in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs). We therefore aimed to systematically review the literature about the aim and impacts of quality improvement (QI) approaches in PPP in LMICs. We searched SCOPUS and grey literature for studies published before March 2022. One reviewer screened abstracts and full-text studies for inclusion. The study characteristics, setting, design, outcomes, and lessons learned were abstracted using a standard tool and reviewed in detail by a second author. We identified 9,457 citations, of which 144 met the inclusion criteria and underwent full-text abstraction. We identified five key themes for successful QI projects in LMICs: 1) leadership support and alignment with overarching priorities, 2) local ownership and engagement of frontline teams, 3) shared authentic learning across teams, 4) resilience in managing external challenges, and 5) robust data and data visualization to track progress. We found great heterogeneity in QI tools, study designs, participants, and outcome measures. Most studies had diffuse aims and poor descriptions of the intervention components and their follow-up. Few papers formally reported on actual deployment of private-sector capital, and either provided insufficient information or did not follow the formal PPP model, which involves capital investment for a explicit return on investment. Few studies discussed the response to their findings and the organizational willingness to change. Many of the same factors that impact the success of QI in healthcare in high-income countries are relevant for PPP in LMICs. Vague descriptions of the structure and financial arrangements of the PPPs, and the roles of public and private entities made it difficult to draw meaningful conclusions about the impacts of the organizational governance on the outcomes of QI programs in LMICs. While we found many articles in the published literature on PPP-funded QI partnerships in LMICs, there is a dire need for research that more clearly describes the intervention details, implementation challenges, contextual factors, leadership and organizational structures. These details are needed to better align incentives to support the kinds of collaboration needed for guiding accountability in advancing global health. More ownership and power needs to be shifted to local leaders and researchers to improve research equity and sustainability.","doi":"10.1186/s12913-024-10802-w","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/792c8a33d2169685c51c788a86129f960171bcb2","result_position":59,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":234028939,"title":"The Problem of Success and Failure in Public-private Innovation Partnerships","venue":"Journal of Social Policy","year":2021,"authors":["J. Hammond","S. Bailey","Oz Gore","K. Checkland","S. Darley","R. McDonald","T. Blakeman"],"abstract":"Abstract Public-Private Innovation Partnerships (PPIPs) are increasingly used as a tool for addressing ‘wicked’ public sector challenges. ‘Innovation’ is, however, frequently treated as a ‘magic’ concept: used unreflexively, taken to be axiomatically ‘good’, and left undefined within policy programmes. Using McConnell’s framework of policy success and failure and a case study of a multi-level PPIP in the English health service (NHS Test Beds), this paper critically explores the implications of the mobilisation of innovation in PPIP policy and practice. We highlight how the interplay between levels (macro/micro and policy maker/recipient) can shape both emerging policies and their prospects for success or failure. The paper contributes to an understanding of PPIP success and failure by extending McConnell’s framework to explore inter-level effects between policy and innovation project, and demonstrating how the success of PPIP policy cannot be understood without recognising the particular political effects of ‘innovation’ on formulation and implementation.","doi":"10.1017/S0047279421000192","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c59e8d8f072effffb8356c5859fdda796d1d6182","result_position":60,"is_clicked":false}],"string":"[\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 162182392,\n \"title\": \"Public private partnership in the training of doctors after the 1990s’ health sector reforms: the case of Tanzania\",\n \"venue\": \"Human Resources for Health\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"N. Sirili\",\n \"G. Frumence\",\n \"A. Kiwara\",\n \"M. Mwangu\",\n \"I. Goicolea\",\n \"A. Hurtig\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Similar to many other low- and middle-income countries, public private partnership (PPP) in the training of the health workforce has been emphasized since the launch of the 1990s’ health sector reforms in Tanzania. PPP in training aims to contribute to addressing the critical shortage of health workforce in these countries. This study aimed to analyse the policy process and experienced outcomes of PPP for the training of doctors in Tanzania two decades after the 1990s’ health sector reforms. We reviewed documents and interviewed key informants to collect data from training institutions and umbrella organizations that train and employ doctors in both the public and private sectors. We adopted a hybrid thematic approach to analyse the data while guided by the policy analysis framework by Gagnon and Labonté. PPP in training has contributed significantly to the increasing number of graduating doctors in Tanzania. In tandem, undermining of universities’ autonomy and the massive enrolment of medical students unfavourably affect the quality of graduating doctors. Although PPP has proven successful in increasing the number of doctors graduating, unemployment of the graduates and lack of database to inform the training needs and capacity to absorb the graduates have left the country with a health workforce shortage and maldistribution at service delivery points, just as before the introduction of the PPP. This study recommends that Tanzania revisit its PPP approach to ensure the health workforce crisis is addressed in its totality. A comprehensive plan is needed to address issues of training within the framework of PPP by engaging all stakeholders in training and deployment starting from the planning of the number of medical students, and when and how they will be trained while taking into account the quality of the training.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1186/s12960-019-0372-6\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7def9d76713c0f577c173ea1bfc7d7476ac3b522\",\n \"result_position\": 0,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 277994771,\n \"title\": \"Public–Private Partnerships for Universal Health Coverage in Sub‐Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review Protocol\",\n \"venue\": \"Health Science Reports\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Godfred Otchere\",\n \"Adam Fusheini\",\n \"T. Sullivan\",\n \"Robin Gauld\",\n \"Erin Penno\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Globally in the health sector, governments use public–private partnerships (PPPs) to make significant contributions to the development and implementation of national health policies and strategies to improve health systems and health outcomes. Following the World Health Organization's resolution on universal health coverage (UHC), healthcare PPPs have emerged as an innovative policy option, especially, for countries in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) to progress towards achieving UHC. Although many studies have reported the use of healthcare PPPs, it appears no review has been conducted to synthesize evidence on how it facilitates or hinders progress toward attaining UHC in the SSA context. This review seeks to fill this research gap by systematically synthesizing the literature on healthcare PPPs used in SSA and examining how various forms of healthcare PPPs affect progress towards attaining UHC in SSA.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1002/hsr2.70746\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c7e3da7e84a81d6568b1ef13a1176b47cacd3777\",\n \"result_position\": 1,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 23792211,\n \"title\": \"Health system’s barriers hindering implementation of public-private partnership at the district level: a case study of partnership for improved reproductive and child health services provision in Tanzania\",\n \"venue\": \"BMC Health Services Research\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Denice Kamugumya\",\n \"Jill Olivier\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"BackgroundPublic-private partnership (PPP) has been suggested as a tool to assist governments in lower to middle income countries fulfil their responsibilities in the efficient delivery of health services. In Tanzania, although the idea of PPP has existed for many years in the health sector, there has been limited coordination, especially at a district level – which has contributed to limited health gains or systems strengthening obviously seen as a result of PPP.MethodsThis case study was conducted in the Bagamoyo district of Tanzania, and employed in-depth interviews, document reviews, and observations methods. A stakeholder analysis was conducted to understand power distribution and the interests of local actors to engage non-state actors. In total 30 in-depth interviews were conducted with key informants that were identified from a stakeholder mapping activity. The initial data analysis guided further data collection in an iterative process. The provision of Reproductive and Child Health Services was used as a context. This study draws on the decision-space framework.ResultsStudy findings reveal several forms of informal partnerships, and the untapped potential of non-state actors. Lack of formal contractual agreements with private providers including facilities that receive subsidies from the government is argued to contribute to inappropriate distribution of risk and reward leading to moral hazards. Furthermore, findings highlight weak capacity of governing bodies to exercise oversight and sanctions, which is acerbated by weak accountability linkages and power differences. Disempowered Council Health Services Board, in relation to engaging non-state actors, is shown to impede PPP initiatives.ConclusionEffective PPP policy implementation at a local level depends on the capacity of local government officials to make choices that would embrace relational elements dynamics in strategic plans. Orientation towards collaborative efforts that create value and enable its distribution is argued to facilitate healthy partnership, and in return, strengthen a district health system. This study highlights a need for new social contracts that will support integrative collaboration at the local level and bring all non-state actors to the centre of the district health system.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1186/s12913-016-1831-6\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f9e0f523a66d617a7abaafbef5fbf184cfc2305d\",\n \"result_position\": 2,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 25933828,\n \"title\": \"Are public-private partnerships a healthy option? A systematic literature review.\",\n \"venue\": \"Social Science & Medicine (1967)\",\n \"year\": 2014,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Roehrich\",\n \"M. Lewis\",\n \"G. George\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Governments around the world, but especially in Europe, have increasingly used private sector involvement in developing, financing and providing public health infrastructure and service delivery through public-private partnerships (PPPs). Reasons for this uptake are manifold ranging from rising expenditures for refurbishing, maintaining and operating public assets, and increasing constraints on government budgets stifle, seeking innovation through private sector acumen and aiming for better risk management. Although PPPs have attracted practitioner and academic interest over the last two decades, there has been no attempt to integrate the general and health management literature to provide a holistic view of PPPs in healthcare delivery. This study analyzes over 1400 publications from a wide range of disciplines over a 20-year time period. We find that despite the scale and significance of the phenomenon, there is relatively limited conceptualization and in-depth empirical investigation. Based on bibliographic and content analyses, we synthesize formerly dispersed research perspectives into a comprehensive multi-dimensional framework of public-private partnerships. In so doing, we provide new directions for further research and practice.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.03.037\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0a73711428a4ddd2801f5a12f0cae7356516ee45\",\n \"result_position\": 3,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 252140014,\n \"title\": \"Role of Public-Private Partnerships in Primary Healthcare Services Worldwide: A Scoping Review\",\n \"venue\": \"Health Scope\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Ghasemi\",\n \"M. Amini-Rarani\",\n \"Nasrin Shaarbafchi Zadeh\",\n \"S. Karimi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Background: The public health system is currently facing a shortage of resources, and the demand for healthcare has increased, indicating the need to use the capacities of other sectors through public-private partnership (PPP) strategies to improve the quantity and quality of health services. Objectives: The purpose is to identify PPPs' role in providing primary healthcare worldwide. Methods: This study was conducted in 2020. The Arksey O’Malley framework was used, along with a systematic literature search on five databases, including Web of Science (ISI), Scopus, Pubmed, ProQuest, and Google Scholar. Data were gathered from 2000 to 2020. Results: The findings presented in this study are reported based on 16 selected studies. The findings point to the positive impacts of cooperation between the public and private sectors in health care systems on matters of provision, coverage, and performance of services, as well as improvements in responsiveness to providers towards enhancing health referral systems. The provision of participatory services in countries varied according to their level of development, and further interactions between the government and the private sector resulted in better coverage and reduced inequality in service delivery. Conclusions: Public-private partnership is an effective way to achieve sustainable development goals. Public-private partnerships can be strengthened by integrating public and private sector facilities and aligning the interests and motivations of service providers with public health goals. Also, awareness of the plans and capacity of public and private sectors, along with conscious and mutual interaction, can strengthen health on a larger scale. Scientific approaches and correct participation can also relieve the part of governmental responsibilities to focus on more primary measures so that it can carry out its core tasks, including stewardship, policy-making, and supervision, with greater focus and power to facilitate the achievement of goals.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5812/jhealthscope-129176\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e9b6ee17da3f02eb67273d1f3e868681b3db12bb\",\n \"result_position\": 4,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 18428297,\n \"title\": \"Public-private partnerships for health: their main targets, their diversity, and their future directions.\",\n \"venue\": \"Bulletin of the World Health Organization\",\n \"year\": 2001,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Roy Widdus\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1590/S0042-96862001000800006\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/082ebbe8f4b607f43683781e73500ffe103b3d66\",\n \"result_position\": 5,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 160034542,\n \"title\": \"Are public–private partnerships the future of healthcare delivery in sub-Saharan Africa? Lessons from Lesotho\",\n \"venue\": \"BMJ Global Health\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Hellowell\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Many governments in sub-Saharan Africa are seeking to establish public–private partnerships (PPPs) for the financing and operation of new healthcare facilities and services. While there is a large empirical literature on PPPs in high-income countries, we know much less about their operation in low-income and middle-income countries. This paper seeks to inform debates about the use of PPPs in sub-Saharan Africa by describing the planning and operation of a high-profile case in Maseru, Lesotho. The paper highlights several beneficial impacts of the transaction, including the achievement of high clinical standards, alongside a range of key challenges—in particular, the higher-than-anticipated costs to the Ministry of Health. Governments have budget-related incentives to promote the use of PPPs—even in cases in which they may threaten financial sustainability in the long term. To address this, future proposals for PPPs need to be exposed to more effective scrutiny and challenge, taking into account state capacity to proficiently manage and pay for contracted services.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001217\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2f20b0bd4113f375be7c82ae331f2bf44ad80d71\",\n \"result_position\": 6,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 252567406,\n \"title\": \"Observational study of the clinical performance of a public-private partnership national referral hospital network in Lesotho: Do improvements last over time?\",\n \"venue\": \"PLoS ONE\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"N. Scott\",\n \"Jeanette L. Kaiser\",\n \"Brian W. Jack\",\n \"E. Nkabane-Nkholongo\",\n \"Allison Juntunen\",\n \"Tshema Nash\",\n \"M. Alade\",\n \"T. Vian\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Public-private partnerships (PPP) may increase healthcare quality but lack longitudinal evidence for success. The Queen ‘Mamohato Memorial Hospital (QMMH) in Lesotho is one of Africa’s first healthcare PPPs. We compare data from 2012 and 2018 on capacity, utilization, quality, and outcomes to understand if early documented successes have been sustained using the same measures over time. In this observational study using administrative and clinical data, we assessed beds, admissions, average length of stay (ALOS), outpatient visits, and patient outcomes. We measured triage time and crash cart stock through direct observation in 2013 and 2020. Operational hospital beds increased from 390 to 410. Admissions decreased (-5.3%) while outpatient visits increased (3.8%). ALOS increased from 5.1 to 6.5 days. Occupancy increased from 82% to 99%; half of the wards had occupancy rates ≥90%, and Neonatal ward occupancy was 209%. The proportion of crash cart stock present (82.9% to 73.8%) and timely triage (84.0% to 27.6%) decreased. While overall mortality decreased (8.0% to 6.5%) and neonatal mortality overall decreased (18.0% to 16.3%), mortality among very low birth weight neonates increased (30.2% to 36.8%). Declines in overall hospital mortality are promising. Yet, continued high occupancy could compromise infection control and impede response to infections, such as COVID-19. High occupancy in the Neonatal ward suggests that the population need for neonatal care outpaces QMMH capacity; improvements should be addressed at the hospital and systemic levels. The increase in ALOS is acceptable for a hospital meant to take the most critical cases. The decline in crash cart stock completeness and timely triage may affect access to emergency treatment. While the partnership itself ended earlier than anticipated, our evaluation suggests that generally the hospital under the PPP was operational, providing high-level, critically needed services, and continued to improve patient outcomes. Quality at QMMH remained substantially higher than at the former Queen Elizabeth II hospital.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1371/journal.pone.0272568\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3bde972cb5773166177fb97886726a071cfc1f06\",\n \"result_position\": 7,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 258848289,\n \"title\": \"Public-private partnership models for rehabilitation service delivery: A scoping review\",\n \"venue\": \"South African Journal of Physiotherapy\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Senzelwe M Mazibuko\",\n \"Thayananthee Nadasan\",\n \"P. Govender\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Background Public-private partnership (PPP) for the delivery of health services is known to improve access to healthcare, yet little is known about its utilisation for rehabilitation services, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Objectives As a first step to generating evidence to develop a PPP model for physiotherapy service delivery in South Africa, our study mapped and described available research evidence on PPP models for rehabilitation services in the global literature. Method The Arksey and O’Malley framework guided our scoping review. Published research on rehabilitation and PPP was searched in five databases from 2000 to August 2022 using keywords, Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and Boolean terms. Two reviewers independently completed the titles, abstracts and full-text screening of the articles and data extraction from the included articles. A narrative synthesis was conducted, and summaries of the findings are reported. Results Nine articles were included from a total of 137 obtained from the evidence searches. Of these, five were from Australia and the others from Hong Kong, Denmark, Bangladesh and the Netherlands. All the included articles showed evidence of PPP models for physiotherapy service delivery. Conclusion Our study suggests that PPP models for physiotherapy service delivery exist, particularly in high-income countries (HICs). It also highlights limited research in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Clinical implications There is a need for primary studies to generate further evidence and develop innovative PPP models for rehabilitation services for the populations who need them most as part of efforts towards improving access to healthcare in LMICs.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.4102/sajp.v79i1.1856\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0a80094a9dad51429271afdc12b1f903bfa428fd\",\n \"result_position\": 8,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 261807975,\n \"title\": \"Financing health system elements in Africa: A scoping review\",\n \"venue\": \"PLoS ONE\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"H. Karamagi\",\n \"David Njuguna\",\n \"S. N. Kidane\",\n \"Herve Djossou\",\n \"Hillary Kipruto\",\n \"A. Seydi\",\n \"J. Nabyonga-Orem\",\n \"Diane Karenzi Muhongerwa\",\n \"K. Frimpong\",\n \"Benjamin Musembi Nganda\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Countries that are reforming their health systems to progress towards Universal Health Coverage (UHC) need to consider total resource requirements over the long term to plan for the implementation and sustainable financing of UHC. However, there is a lack of detailed conceptualization as to how the current health financing mechanisms interplay across health system elements. Thus, we aimed to generate evidence on how to utilize resources from different sources of funds in Africa. We conducted a scoping review of empirical research following the six-stage methodological framework for Scoping Review by Arksey & O’Malley and Levac, Colquhoun & O’Brien. We searched for published and grey literature in Medline, Cochrane Library, PubMed, WHO database, World bank and Google Scholar search engines databases and summarized data using a narrative approach, involving thematic syntheses and descriptive statistics. We included 156 studies out of 1,168 studies among which 13% were conceptual studies while 87% were empirical studies. These selected studies focused on the financing of the 13 health system elements. About 45% focused on service delivery, 13% on human resources, 5% on medical products, and 3% on infrastructure and governance. Studies reporting multiple health system elements were 8%, while health financing assessment frameworks was 23%. The publication years ranged from 1975 to 2021. While public sources were the most dominant form of financing, global documentation of health expenditure does not track funding on all the health system dimensions that informed the conceptual framework of this scoping review. There is a need to advocate for expenditure tracking for health systems, including intangibles. Further analysis would inform the development of a framework for assessing financing sources for health system elements based on efficiency, feasibility, sustainability, equity, and displacement.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1371/journal.pone.0291371\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d1efbc446aba69ea487a5340cd0a9b2a1c516c1e\",\n \"result_position\": 9,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 255474420,\n \"title\": \"The role of the private sector in noncommunicable disease prevention and management in low- and middle-income countries: a series of systematic reviews and thematic syntheses\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health & Well-Being\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"K. Marshall\",\n \"Philippa Beaden\",\n \"Hammad Durrani\",\n \"Kun Tang\",\n \"R. Mogilevskii\",\n \"Z. Bhutta\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"ABSTRACT Purpose Conduct six systematic reviews investigating for-profit private sector roles in NCD prevention and management in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) through our a priori framework’s pillars. Methods Six systematic reviews and thematic syntheses were performed between March-August 2021, Six databases, websites of relevant organizations, and references lists of included studies were comprehensively searched. Studies published in English from 2000 onwards involving the pillar of interest, for-profit private sector, NCD prevention/management, and LMIC context were included. Results were synthesized using an inductive thematic synthesis approach. Results Ultimately, 25 articles were included in the PPP review, 33 in Governance and Policy, 22 in Healthcare Provision, 15 in Innovation, 14 in Knowledge Educator, and 42 in Investment and Finance. The following themes emerged: PPPs (coordination; financial resources; provision; health promotion; capacity building; innovation; policy); Governance/Policy (lobbying; industry perception; regulation); Healthcare Provision (diagnosis/treatment; infrastructure; availability/accessibility/affordability); Innovation (product innovation; process innovation; marketing innovation; research; innovation dissemination); Knowledge Educator (training; health promotion; industry framework/guideline formation); Investment and Finance (treatment cost; regulation; private insurance; subsidization; direct investment; collaborative financing; innovative financing; research). Conclusion These findings will be instrumental for LMICs considering private sector engagement. Potential conflicts of interest must be considered when implementing private sector involvement.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/17482631.2022.2156099\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/808332f004d387c5730ab1d3b07ecf72e5786f53\",\n \"result_position\": 10,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 169445023,\n \"title\": \"Public Private Partnerships and Collaboration in the Health Sector in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Qualitative Study\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Almalki\",\n \"M. K. Al-Hanawi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"A public-private partnership (PPP) is defined as a collaboration between the public and private sectors in the financing, delivery and development of public goods and services. This phenomenon has been adopted globally by many as a new economic paradigm. This study identifies challenges and other hindrances in promoting PPPs, identifies the concrete contribution of PPP initiatives in improving healthcare service delivery and determines the level of participation of the private sector in healthcare delivery systems under PPP initiatives in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 participants, including 4 government hospital directors, 5 private hospital directors and 4 health personnel. Participants were interviewed face to face, and the interviews were audio-recorded. The participants were purposefully selected based on their knowledge and familiarity with the implementation of PPP schemes. The evidence showed that the most important benefits of adopting a PPP are the quality of service, the speed at which low-cost healthcare service delivery is made accessible and the diversification of risks between the two sectors so that neither the private sector nor the public sector bears the entire risk alone. The results also revealed that PPPs will lead to increased efficiency and accuracy with respect to the design and implementation of infrastructural projects as well as the financing, execution, maintenance and development of the healthcare sector—the implementation of which makes high-quality services available to end users. Risk sharing is of great importance for the healthcare sector in that it helps hospitals to avoid closure and failure, distributes financial flows in an ideal way, and reduces the pressure on hospitals to work in a safe investment environment. This aim can be achieved through increasing the partnerships between public and private sectors.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5539/GJHS.V10N6P10\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6df2bdf0726d4a96136e49758b3ab4167d83383d\",\n \"result_position\": 11,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 214116039,\n \"title\": \"The Impact of Public-Private Partnerships on Hospital Performance: A review study\",\n \"venue\": \"Quarterly Journal of Management Strategies in Health System\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Nasrin Shaarbafchizadeh\",\n \"M. Rezayatmand\",\n \"Ghazaal Etemadi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Objective: Public-private partnerships (PPP) have been used recently in many countries for reforming the structural health sector. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of PPP models in hospitals on raising the awareness of health policy makers, managers, and authorities to make sound decisions and planning. \\nInformation sources and selection methods for the study: This review was conducted in 2019 by searching the databases of Scopus, ProQuest, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The following keywords were used for the search: public private partnership, PPP, public hospital, public private partnership in hospital, and partnership model. Furthermore, Persian equivalents of these key words were searched in databases of Scientific Information Database and Irandoc from 1990 to 2017. A total of 954 articles were studied in a step-by-step manner. \\nResults: Finally, 21 articles related to the study objectives entered the research. Based on the results collected from reviewing the selected papers, PPP in hospitals were categorized into 9 different categories of Service Purchase, Outsourcing, Management Contract, (Design, Build, Finance, Operate), (Build, Own, Operate), (Build, Own, Operate, Transfer), (Buy, Own, Lease back), Alzira model and Privatization. So, PPP influenced the performance of hospitals. \\nConclusion: Overall, PPP can be a good solution for the hospital sector that can improve the hospital performance in the case of providing the necessary contexts. However, these models are not generalizable to all parts of the health system and may face numerous challenges in implementation.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.18502/mshsj.v4i3.2059\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4765eed0cee3aab4c521d6d5325031441d75900b\",\n \"result_position\": 12,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 21652954,\n \"title\": \"Building effective public-private partnerships: experiences and lessons from the African Comprehensive HIV/AIDS Partnerships (ACHAP).\",\n \"venue\": \"Social Science & Medicine (1967)\",\n \"year\": 2006,\n \"authors\": [\n \"I. Ramiah\",\n \"M. Reich\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/J.SOCSCIMED.2006.01.007\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2a07674f271b7f618c4740c5edfb2001e4cb2191\",\n \"result_position\": 13,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 54755078,\n \"title\": \"Public-private partnerships in sexual and reproductive healthcare provision: establishing a gender analysis\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jasmine Gideon\",\n \"Benjamin M. Hunter\",\n \"S. Murray\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"ABSTRACT The past few decades have seen the growing popularity of public-private partnerships (PPPs) across the health sector – a catch all term used to encompass diverse activities involving both public and private sector entities in areas of global and domestic health. In the article we consider the factors that have led to this proliferation of PPPs in the healthcare delivery field and consider the link to the process of ‘scientization’ of healthcare. With a focus on sexual and reproductive health the article also considers two commonly used mechanisms employed in SRH service delivery that have been used in PPPs – social franchise and health voucher schemes. We then reprise key points from the existing critical literature on gendered health systems and go on to consider their application to such service provision-oriented PPPs, using an exploratory analysis of a case study of the use of maternal health vouchers in India.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/21699763.2017.1329157\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/23a1e7afa7ca6a95f590d2f647c5f7a9d3792924\",\n \"result_position\": 14,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 158638469,\n \"title\": \"Struggle against outsourcing of diagnostic services in government facilities: Strategies and lessons from a campaign led by Jan Swasthya Abhiyan (People’s Health Movement) in Chhattisgarh, India\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Social and Political Psychology\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Sulakshana Nandi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Since 1991, India, like many countries, has undergone a process of ‘liberalisation’ which has entailed an increase in outsourcing of public services through Public Private Partnerships. In December 2012, Chhattisgarh state started the process of outsourcing diagnostics and radiology services in 379 government health facilities. Jan Swasthya Abhiyan (People’s Health Movement) Chhattisgarh mounted a (so far) successful campaign against this move. Drawing on secondary data and the personal experiences and observations of the author, this paper documents Jan Swasthya Abhiyan’s struggle, describing the strategies that were used, their efficacy, the facilitators and challenges. It uses this experience as a basis to reflectively suggest lessons for health activism and the theoretical implications. Jan Swasthya Abhiyan founded its resistance on a detailed evidence-based critique of the proposal that was disseminated, along with demands. The campaign then used multiple strategies, from petitioning the government, to street action, to advocacy with media and bureaucrats. Alliances were built with trade unions and groups working on social justice issues. Privatisation and neo-liberal policies provided a rallying point and framing the issue as a moral argument and in terms of larger concerns for social justice helped build wider solidarity. This experience suggests that the use of evidence and multiple strategies, effective framing of the issue, forging broader alliances, and a sustained campaign can all be important strategies for health activism. It also highlights the need for health activism to continue beyond a single campaign. Staying vigilant, monitoring, evidence building, mobilizing people and continuing to build alliances on such issues are critical tasks for social movements and networks like the People’s Health Movement.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5964/JSPP.V6I2.923\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/aee9b23e2c9368f119d0a1975f4116bd89c31668\",\n \"result_position\": 15,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 24983177,\n \"title\": \"Public-private partnerships in the response to HIV: experience from the resource industry in Papua New Guinea.\",\n \"venue\": \"Rural and remote health\",\n \"year\": 2014,\n \"authors\": [\n \"K. Miles\",\n \"M. Conlon\",\n \"Julia Stinshoff\",\n \"R. Hutton\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"CONTEXT\\nAlthough Papua New Guinea (PNG) has made some progress in social development over the past 30 years, the country's Human Development Index has slowed in recent years, placing it below the regional average. In 2012, the estimated HIV prevalence for adults aged 15-49 years was 0.5% and an estimated 25,000 people were living with HIV. Although reduced from previous estimates, the country's HIV prevalence remains the highest in the South Pacific region. While the faith-based and non-governmental sectors have engaged in HIV interventions since the epidemic began, until recently the corporate sector has remained on the margins of the national response. In 2008, the country's largest oil and gas producer began partnering with national and provincial health authorities, development partners and global financing institutions to contribute to the national HIV strategy and implementation plan. This article provides an overview of public-private partnerships (PPPs) and their application to public health program management, and then describes the PPP that was developed in PNG.\\n\\n\\nISSUES\\nInnovative national and local PPPs have become a core component of healthcare strategy in many countries. PPPs have many forms and their use in low- and middle-income countries has progressively demonstrated increased service outputs and health outcomes beyond what the public sector alone could achieve. A PPP in PNG has resulted in an oil and gas producer engaging in the response to HIV, including managing the country's US$46 million HIV grant from the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria.\\n\\n\\nLESSONS LEARNED\\nGiven the increasing expectations of the international community in relation to corporate responsibility and sustainability, the role of the corporate sector in countries like PNG is critical. Combining philanthropic investment with business strategy, expertise and organisational resource can contribute to enhancing health system structures and capacity.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.22605/RRH2868\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/46cc3a5cba6161236e46d301e7215dc491f06afa\",\n \"result_position\": 16,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 230660972,\n \"title\": \"Public-private partnerships in primary health care: a scoping review\",\n \"venue\": \"BMC Health Services Research\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"N. Joudyian\",\n \"L. Doshmangir\",\n \"M. Mahdavi\",\n \"J. Tabrizi\",\n \"V. S. Gordeev\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Background The Astana Declaration on Primary Health Care reiterated that PHC is a cornerstone of a sustainable health system for universal health coverage (UHC) and health-related Sustainable Development Goals. It called for governments to give high priority to PHC in partnership with their public and private sector organisations and other stakeholders. Each country has a unique path towards UHC, and different models for public-private partnerships (PPPs) are possible. The goal of this paper is to examine evidence on the use of PPPs in the provision of PHC services, reported challenges and recommendations. Methods We systematically reviewed peer-reviewed studies in six databases (ScienceDirect, Ovid Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus) and supplemented it by the search of grey literature. PRISMA reporting guidelines were followed. Results Sixty-one studies were included in the final review. Results showed that most PPPs projects were conducted to increase access and to facilitate the provision of prevention and treatment services (i.e., tuberculosis, education and health promotion, malaria, and HIV/AIDS services) for certain target groups. Most projects reported challenges of providing PHC via PPPs in the starting and implementation phases. The reported challenges and recommendations on how to overcome them related to education, management, human resources, financial resources, information, and technology systems aspects. Conclusion Despite various challenges, PPPs in PHC can facilitate access to health care services, especially in remote areas. Governments should consider long-term plans and sustainable policies to start PPPs in PHC and should not ignore local needs and context.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1186/s12913-020-05979-9\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e4d01f253f78efdf18c5cadc93e0f9032453dc97\",\n \"result_position\": 17,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 219958958,\n \"title\": \"Insights for the future of health system partnerships in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic literature review\",\n \"venue\": \"BMC Health Services Research\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Simone Fanelli\",\n \"F. P. Salvatore\",\n \"Gianluigi De Pascale\",\n \"Nicola Faccilongo\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Background Despite growing support for the private sector involvement in the provision of public health services in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), a lack of clear information on the future of the provision of such services restricts the ability of managers and policy-makers to assess how feasible integration between public and private actors may be in these countries. This paper presents a systematic literature review which traces the dynamics and boundaries of public-private partnerships for the healthcare sector in LMICs. Methods A total of 723 articles indexed in Scopus were initially submitted to bibliometric analysis. Finally, 148 articles published in several academic journals were selected for independent full-text review by two researchers. Content analysis was made in order to minimise mistakes in interpreting the findings of studies in the sample. Results Public-private partnerships identified through the content analysis were categorised into four research areas: 1) Transfer of resources; 2) Co-production of health goods and services; 3) Governance networks; 4) Criteria for successful partnership development. Conclusions The four main research areas supply suggestions for a future research agenda, and managerial and policy implications for partnerships in LMICs.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1186/s12913-020-05435-8\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/13283818075f2c7d9b073513482f171c364db461\",\n \"result_position\": 18,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 211217610,\n \"title\": \"Partnership for the implementation of mental health policy in Nigeria: a case study of the Comprehensive Community Mental Health Programme in Benue State\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Mental Health Systems\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"G. Ryan\",\n \"Emeka Nwefoh\",\n \"C. Aguocha\",\n \"P. Ode\",\n \"S. O. Okpoju\",\n \"P. Ocheche\",\n \"A. Woyengikuro\",\n \"J. Abdulmalik\",\n \"J. Eaton\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Background 71% of countries in the World Health Organisation’s (WHO’s) African Region have a stand-alone mental health policy or plan, but only 14% have fully implemented it. In Nigeria, integration of mental health into primary care has been a stumbling block to the implementation of the 1991 National Mental Health Policy, 2013 Policy on Mental Health Services Delivery and the National Mental, Neurological and Substance Use Programme and Action Plan. A partnership between public and private not-for-profits in Benue State, the Comprehensive Community Mental Health Programme (CCMHP) has successfully integrated mental health into primary care in alignment with the national mental health policy and the WHO’s mental health Gap Action Programme Intervention Guide (mhGAP-IG). There is a need to document such examples in order to inform policy implementation in Nigeria and other low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods We followed the Case Study Methodology to Monitor and Evaluate Community Mental Health Programmes in LMICs. Four field visits were conducted between 2013 and 2017 to document the first phase of activities of CCMHP, covering the period of January 2011 through June 2016. Results In its first phase, CCMHP trained 19 community psychiatric nurses and 48 community health extension workers in mhGAP-IG, establishing 45 new mental health clinics in primary care facilities across Benue, a state more populous than many countries. As a result, 13,785 clients (55% male, 45% female) were enrolled in mental health services either in primary care or in one of two pre-existing community-based rehabilitation facilities. Most are adults over age 18 (82.75%), and present to services with epilepsy (52.38%) or psychosis (38.41%). Conclusion The case of CCMHP demonstrates it is possible to rapidly scale-up mental health services in line with national mental health policy using the mhGAP-IG, even in a challenging, low-resource setting. Multi-sectoral partnerships may help to overcome some of the barriers to successful integration of mental health into general healthcare by capitalising on the resources and expertise of both state and non-state actors. However, a difficult political context could threaten the sustainability of the programme if funder requirements force a rapid transition to full government ownership.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1186/s13033-020-00344-z\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7e6b3857ad032248b01d937bc21b9186680e11af\",\n \"result_position\": 19,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 236280690,\n \"title\": \"Public-Private Partnerships: A Strategy for Effective Private Partnerships in Health Care Provision: A Policy Option\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"H. Gharaee\",\n \"S. Azami-aghdash\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Background and Aim: One of the most effective ways to cope with the financial constraints of health system, especially in developing countries, can be to engage the private sector in the form of a public-private partnership (PPP). Hence, the purpose of the present study is to introduce PPP as a general policy to increase the effective participation of the private sector in health system. \\nMethods: Initially, existing literature was reviewed to identify methods, areas, and experiences in PPP. Then, an expert panel was organized with researchers, professors and experts in health services management and policy making. At the beginning of the panel, the content obtained in the previous step was presented, and then the requirements of PPP implementation in healthcare was discussed. \\nResults: Considering the discussions, we can summarize the factors affecting PPP implementation in three topics: A) Private Sector Conditions: Sufficient number of eligible companies, significant financial gain for private companies; B) Public Sector Conditions: Principles, policies and indicators related to outsourcing of services, availability of transferable services, units or substations to private sector, lower cost of providing services in the private sector than the public sector; C) Background: Political, legal, economic and cultural conditions, successful experiences in other cities and provinces, support of the health system scientific body, common language and contract conditions. \\nConclusion: Given the private sector’s capabilities and potentials to improve the quality and quantity of services provided, transparent PPP policies should be developed as an appropriate strategy for effective private sector participation in the provision of health care, and required infrastructure must be provided.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.18502/HTAA.V4I3.6353\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/96a40bf09a45f10e5d780d65de4e3a0426776e7b\",\n \"result_position\": 20,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 269285645,\n \"title\": \"PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS IN HEALTH SECTOR INNOVATION: LESSONS FROM AROUND THE WORLD\",\n \"venue\": \"International medical science research journal\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Charles Chukwudalu Ebulue\",\n \"Ogochukwu Roseline Ebulue\",\n \"Chukwunonso Sylvester Ekesiobi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \" Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) have emerged as a crucial mechanism for fostering innovation in the health sector globally. This review encapsulates the lessons learned from diverse PPP models worldwide, highlighting their significance and impact. PPPs in healthcare innovation entail collaboration between governmental bodies, private enterprises, and sometimes non-profit organizations to address challenges, such as limited resources, expertise, and infrastructure, while leveraging the strengths of each sector. The success of PPPs relies on effective governance structures, clear objectives, and mutual accountability. One notable example is the United Kingdom's NHS Innovation Accelerator, which partners with industry leaders to fast-track the adoption of innovative healthcare technologies within the National Health Service (NHS). Through this initiative, pioneering solutions, ranging from digital health platforms to medical devices, have been implemented, enhancing patient care and operational efficiency. Similarly, in low-resource settings like sub-Saharan Africa, PPPs have played a pivotal role in improving access to essential healthcare services. Projects such as the Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) collaborate with pharmaceutical companies, governments, and research institutions to develop affordable antimalarial drugs tailored to the region's needs. In the realm of medical research and development, partnerships like the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) have demonstrated the power of international collaboration in addressing global health threats. CEPI brings together governments, philanthropic organizations, and the private sector to expedite the development of vaccines against emerging infectious diseases, as witnessed during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, challenges persist in PPP implementation, including complex regulatory frameworks, funding uncertainties, and divergent interests among stakeholders. Lessons from successful PPPs underscore the importance of transparent communication, stakeholder engagement, and sustained political commitment. In conclusion, PPPs in the health sector represent a dynamic avenue for catalyzing innovation and driving transformative change. By drawing insights from diverse experiences worldwide, policymakers and practitioners can refine existing frameworks and foster sustainable partnerships to tackle evolving health challenges effectively. \\nKeywords: Public-Private Partnership, Health, Innovation, World, Review.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.51594/imsrj.v4i4.1051\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/44d4dd3163749490a92922536e8ea60615a6c9c6\",\n \"result_position\": 21,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 273801036,\n \"title\": \"Business Solutions for Social Issues: Tackling Poverty, Unemployment, and Healthcare Inequities\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Sneh Sunilkumar Chovatia\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \": This paper examines how businesses can act as agents of social change, targeting critical issues like poverty, unemployment, and healthcare inequities. Traditionally tackled by governments and nonprofits, these challenges are increasingly addressed by businesses leveraging their unique resources and innovations. By analyzing successful business models and presenting case studies, the paper illustrates how corporate social responsibility CSR, social entrepreneurship, and other approaches contribute to societal welfare while creating economic value for businesses.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.21275/sr241024164729\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4a1457d102323706b0db31b370d5d8f41a2eeb0c\",\n \"result_position\": 22,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 267093421,\n \"title\": \"Collaboration in a Partnership for Primary Health Care: A Case Study From Papua New Guinea\",\n \"venue\": \"Global Health: Science and Practice Journal\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Georgina Dove\",\n \"A. Kelly‐Hanku\",\n \"Jethro Usurup\",\n \"Annmaree O’Keeffe\",\n \"Geoff Scahill\",\n \"Adam Craig\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Four key factors that influence collaboration in a public-private partnership (PPP) are relationships, time, governance, and the impact of change. Incorporating these factors into PPP design and implementation in similar settings can increase coordinated action and improvements in primary health care. Key Findings Collaboration in a public-private partnership (PPP) to strengthen primary health care services was accelerated by strong interpersonal relationships, nurtured through partners’ investment of time and effort, and encouraged by having formal governance structures. Changes such as the introduction of new partners and the planned exit of the implementation partner disrupted collaboration in the PPP. The Actor-Network Theory can assist PPPs in framing and reviewing collaborative processes and membership and can provide real-time opportunities for improvement and action. Key Implications Organizations participating in PPPs for PHC should engage in thoughtful and considered identification and review of stakeholders and ensure the roles and responsibilities of each stakeholder are understood. Organizations implementing PPPs should recognize the factors that support and impede open communication and mutually beneficial collaboration. Organizations implementing PPPs should seek national-level policies and guidelines that assist local-level partnerships with forming, operating, and exiting with sustainable outcomes. ABSTRACT Introduction: In low- and middle-income countries, public-private partnerships (PPPs) are often used to support the delivery of primary health care (PHC). We explore the processes of collaboration in a corporate social responsibility investment in PHC that was delivered through a PPP model in Western Province, Papua New Guinea, in 2009–2018 to strengthen PHC services. Methods: Qualitative interviews were conducted with stakeholders in the PPP (N=20). Key program documents were also reviewed. Data were coded using a general inductive approach, and Actor-Network Theory (ANT) was used to frame the analysis. Results: Four dominant themes emerged: (1) interpersonal relationships accelerate collaboration, (2) collaboration requires time, (3) formal governance structures encourage collaboration, and (4) internal change disrupts collaboration. The research provides insight into the role of collaboration for more efficient, effective, and impactful design and implementation of PPP for PHC. It makes suggestions for how ANT may be used when designing PPPs and for the ongoing management of relationships between partners. We found ANT to be a useful framework to conceptualize the complex dynamics between the “actors” within the PPP and to identify opportunities for improvement where structural changes may be made to circumvent issues that may compromise effective collaboration. Conclusion: Collaboration is key to the success of PPPs for PHC. We found collaboration is not formulaic but is driven by actors, relationships, time, and governance. ANT can assist in designing, understanding, and managing the complex relationships between stakeholders of a PPP, who often come with diverse agendas, experiences, values, and perspectives.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.9745/GHSP-D-23-00040\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/034760039ccf2f718a9897e10f7cdbbd504da68a\",\n \"result_position\": 23,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 49215477,\n \"title\": \"Public–private partnerships in practice: collaborating to improve health finance policy in Ghana and Kenya\",\n \"venue\": \"Health Policy and Planning\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"L. Suchman\",\n \"E. Hart\",\n \"D. Montagu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract Social health insurance (SHI), one mechanism for achieving universal health coverage, has become increasingly important in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) as they work to achieve this goal. Although small private providers supply a significant proportion of healthcare in LMICs, integrating these providers into SHI systems is often challenging. Public–private partnerships in health are one way to address these challenges, but we know little about how these collaborations work, how effectively, and why. Drawing on semi-structured interviews conducted with National Health Insurance (NHI) officials in Kenya and Ghana, as well as with staff from several international NGOs (INGOs) representing social franchise networks that are partnering to increase private provider accreditation into the NHIs, this article examines one example of public–private collaboration in practice. We found that interviewees initially had incomplete knowledge about the potential for cross-sector synergy, but both sides were motivated to work together around shared goals and the potential for mutual benefit. The public–private relationship then evolved over time through regular face-to-face interactions, reciprocal feedback, and iterative workplan development. This process led to a collegial relationship that also has given small private providers more voice in the health system. In order to sustain this relationship, we recommend that both public and private sector representatives develop formalized protocols for working together, as well as less formal open channels for communication. Models for aggregating small private providers and delivering them to government programmes as a package have potential to facilitate public–private partnerships as well, but there is little evidence on how these models work in LMICs thus far.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1093/heapol/czy053\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5d36c9960247acab3a36f9e78fe729d830830f97\",\n \"result_position\": 24,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 246437387,\n \"title\": \"DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS IN THE FIELD OF HEALTH CARE\",\n \"venue\": \"Socio World Social Research & Behavioral Sciences\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Serhii Petryk Serhii Petryk\",\n \"Oksana Oliinyk Oksana Oliinyk\",\n \"Galyna Shpytalenko Galyna Shpytalenko\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Public-private partnership is the most effective mechanism for cooperation between the state and the private sector to achieve certain social and economic goals. In the context of health care reform, the issue of public-private partnership is extremely relevant and requires further research. Based on the study, the innovative provisions for the formation and implementation of public-private partnership projects as a mechanism of public administration in the field of health, substantiated innovative models of public administration in such forms as joint activities, concessions and leases. Implementation of the proposed models by public authorities in the field of health care management is possible provided that the legal mechanism is improved and new requirements for private partners are formed, taking into account industry specifics.\\nKeywords: public administration, public-private partnership, public administration mechanisms, health care.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.36962/swd0604(02)2021-149\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a7700ff535b0db216fc48251cacf4378918f8c2e\",\n \"result_position\": 25,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 655985,\n \"title\": \"Public–Private Partnerships in Cloud-Computing Services in the Context of Genomic Research\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Medicine\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Palmira Granados Moreno\",\n \"Y. Joly\",\n \"B. Knoppers\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Public–private partnerships (PPPs) have been increasingly used to spur and facilitate innovation in a number of fields. In healthcare, the purpose of using a PPP is commonly to develop and/or provide vaccines and drugs against communicable diseases, mainly in developing or underdeveloped countries. With the advancement of technology and of the area of genomics, these partnerships also focus on large-scale genomic research projects that aim to advance the understanding of diseases that have a genetic component and to develop personalized treatments. This new focus has created new forms of PPPs that involve information technology companies, which provide computing infrastructure and services to store, analyze, and share the massive amounts of data genomic-related projects produce. In this article, we explore models of PPPs proposed to handle, protect, and share the genomic data collected and to further develop genomic-based medical products. We also identify the reasons that make these models suitable and the challenges they have yet to overcome. To achieve this, we describe the details and complexities of MSSNG, International Cancer Genome Consortium, and 100,000 Genomes Project, the three PPPs that focus on large-scale genomic research to better understand the genetic components of autism, cancer, rare diseases, and infectious diseases with the intention to find appropriate treatments. Organized as PPP and employing cloud-computing services, the three projects have advanced quickly and are likely to be important sources of research and development for future personalized medicine. However, there still are unresolved matters relating to conflicts of interest, commercialization, and data control. Learning from the challenges encountered by past PPPs allowed us to establish that developing guidelines to adequately manage personal health information stored in clouds and ensuring the protection of data integrity and privacy would be critical steps in the development of future PPPs.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fmed.2017.00003\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3c570cd5f17f684df8ecec565d8118574bacc281\",\n \"result_position\": 26,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 196611178,\n \"title\": \"An Analysis of Public-Private Partnerships and Sustainable Health Care Provision in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia\",\n \"venue\": \"Health Services Insights\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. K. Al-Hanawi\",\n \"Ameerah M N Qattan\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This study considers the issue of health care provision in Saudi Arabia, looking in particular at the challenges for health care providers and ministry officials. Although the study concentrates on factors specific to Saudi Arabia, it also examines the problem from a broadly international perspective. In particular, the study explores the experience of health care modernisation in the United Kingdom to conceptualise the practicality of fusing public services with market ideals. There is a pressing need to modernise the Saudi health care system with the economic burden on the state-funded Ministry of Health being an unsustainable means of providing health care in future. The solution resides partially in opening the public health care system to alternative sources of management and revenue. In particular, public-private partnerships will be considered as a viable means of funding health care in Saudi Arabia and for improving standards and the quality of care. This study concludes that, whereas the move towards a public-private partnership approach to health care provision has been touted as a precondition for modernisation and development, the precise fusion between government and non-government forces remains a source of conjecture. As a result, the study advocates caution when evaluating the benefits and pitfalls of partnerships between public and private actors.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1177/1178632919859008\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2f69a80c5332ed49e1060e81b9be1088a85d83a0\",\n \"result_position\": 27,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 153723587,\n \"title\": \"Public-private Partnerships for Inclusive Development: Role of Private Corporate Sector in Provision of Healthcare Services\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2014,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Anitha Medhekar\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract Travelling abroad for medical treatment, also known as healthcare tourism is a growing phenomenon. Medical tourism is a provision of cost effective private medical care by corporate hospitals such as Apollo and Fortis, in partnership with the government, medical and the tourism industry to foreign patients needing elective, diagnostic, cosmetic surgery and alternative therapies who are travelling to India in search of value. The Minister of Finance, in the 10 th 2003-2007 budget speech, called for India to become a world class “Global Health Destination” and attracting foreign direct investment as a pathway for economic development. Thus on one hand, India is providing first world quality of medical treatment to foreign patients and on the other hand, is struggling to provide equitable access to primary healthcare and infrastructure for millions living in poverty. The aim of this paper is to critically examine the sustainable and inclusive (pro-poor) development of healthcare services by the private corporate sector, in public-private partnership (PPP) with the government.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/J.SBSPRO.2014.11.007\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/56c7a5e7b1f2a6dd081ef84cceb5dd8168723ed0\",\n \"result_position\": 28,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 6476346,\n \"title\": \"Implementation and Scale-Up of Psycho-Trauma Centers in a Post-Conflict Area: A Case Study of a Private–Public Partnership in Northern Uganda\",\n \"venue\": \"PLoS Medicine\",\n \"year\": 2013,\n \"authors\": [\n \"E. Nakimuli-Mpungu\",\n \"Stephen Alderman\",\n \"E. Kinyanda\",\n \"K. Allden\",\n \"T. Betancourt\",\n \"Jeffrey S. Alderman\",\n \"Alison Pavia\",\n \"J. Okello\",\n \"J. Nakku\",\n \"A. Adaku\",\n \"S. Musisi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"As one article in an ongoing series on Global Mental Health Practice, Etheldreda Nakimuli-Mpungu and colleagues describe a private-public partnership that implemented and scaled psycho-trauma centers in Northern Uganda.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1371/journal.pmed.1001427\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/32ce38e3883ce77345e45e1a397c2a70e595d32d\",\n \"result_position\": 29,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 56460298,\n \"title\": \"Mapping private-public-partnership in health organizations: India experience\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2015,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Nayan Chakravarty\",\n \"Goutam Sadhu\",\n \"Sourav Bhattacharjee\",\n \"Srinivas Nallala\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The dream of universal health care demands a much larger and wider approach, engaging not just the public but also the private sector. This paper has attempted mapping the present public-private partnership scenario in India using the WHO health system functions framework, giving an insight into the nature and extent of challenge of the present dominant model. A systematic review methodology was adopted to identify published literature on private-public partnership in India. From an initial pool of 785 articles were identified. Finally a total of 29 published articles meeting the inclusion criteria were included. The descriptive framework of Health system functions by WHO (2000), were used to analyze the data. All papers which were considered for the study were segregated based on the 4 prime health system functions: Financing; Management of non-financial inputs; Health service delivery and Oversight. The literature review reveals that more than half of the papers (51.72%) selected for the study were focused on health service delivery functions and quite thin literature were available for other 3 functions, which includes financing, management of non-financial inputs and oversight functions as per WHO. This finding raise an important question if the genesis of most of the public-private partnerships is out of the inability of the public sector in reaching out to a particular target group by virtue of its geographical position or difficulty in working with high risk groups. Considering the limitations of the present model of engagement of private and public sectors, it demands for an alternative model of engagement where the mutual strength that exists with each one of the partners, could be harnessed and complemented. An alternate model is to engage in tri-partite partnership (TPP) between the government, non-government and the corporates.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.4103/2230-8598.153811\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/835cb2953b6f637dc263a60071140edfdbd29fd9\",\n \"result_position\": 30,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 214767015,\n \"title\": \"Healthcare Digitalization and Pay-For-Performance Incentives in Smart Hospital Project Financing\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Roberto Moro Visconti\",\n \"Donato Morea\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This study aims to explore the impact of healthcare digitalization on smart hospital project financing (PF) fostered by pay-for-performance (P4P) incentives. Digital platforms are a technology-enabled business model that facilitates exchanges between interacting agents. They represent a bridging link among disconnected nodes, improving the scalable value of networks. Application to healthcare public–private partnerships (PPPs) is significant due to the consistency of digital platforms with health issues and the complexity of the stakeholder’s interaction. In infrastructural PPPs, public and private players cooperate, usually following PF patterns. This relationship is complemented by digitized supply chains and is increasingly patient-centric. This paper reviews the literature, analyzes some supply chain bottlenecks, addresses solutions concerning the networking effects of platforms to improve PPP interactions, and investigates the cost–benefit analysis of digital health with an empirical case. Whereas diagnostic or infrastructural technology is an expensive investment with long-term payback, leapfrogging digital applications reduce contingent costs. “Digital” savings can be shared by key stakeholders with P4P schemes, incentivizing value co-creation patterns. Efficient sharing may apply network theory to a comprehensive PPP ecosystem where stakeholding nodes are digitally connected. This innovative approach improves stakeholder relationships, which are re-engineered around digital platforms that enhance patient-centered satisfaction and sustainability. Digital technologies are useful even for infectious disease surveillance, like that of the coronavirus pandemic, for supporting massive healthcare intervention, decongesting hospitals, and providing timely big data.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/ijerph17072318\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3392eacd3efe7e3284c5d81e16272fd410d8fae9\",\n \"result_position\": 31,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 36377771,\n \"title\": \"Europe sees mixed results from public-private partnerships for building and managing health care facilities and services.\",\n \"venue\": \"Health Affairs\",\n \"year\": 2013,\n \"authors\": [\n \"James Barlow\",\n \"J. Roehrich\",\n \"S. Wright\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Prompted in part by constrained national budgets, European governments are increasingly partnering with the private sector to underwrite the costs of constructing and operating public hospitals and other health care facilities and delivering services. Through such public-private partnerships, governments hope to avoid up-front capital expenditure and to harness private-sector efficiencies, while private-sector partners aim for a return on investment. Our research indicates that to date, experience with these partnerships has been mixed. Early models of these partnerships-for example, in which a private firm builds a hospital and carries out building maintenance, which we term an \\\"accommodation-only\\\" model-arguably have not met expectations for achieving greater efficiencies at lower costs. Newer models described in this article offer greater opportunities for efficiency gains but are administratively harder to set up and manage. Given the shortages in public capital for new infrastructure, it seems likely that the attractiveness of these partnerships to European governments will grow.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1377/hlthaff.2011.1223\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fcf53f3f0403b7787cb8eda9f3076c0f1520810b\",\n \"result_position\": 32,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 221325882,\n \"title\": \"Public-Private Partnership Policy in Primary Health Care: A Scoping Review\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Primary Care & Community Health\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Tabrizi\",\n \"S. Azami-aghdash\",\n \"H. Gharaee\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Background: Given the challenges of governments to deliver primary health care (PHC), engaging private sector in the form of public-private partnership (PPP) can be effective policy. The aim of present study is to review the experiences of implementing PPP policy in PHC. Methods: This scoping review study was conducted in 2019 using the framework proposed by Arkesy and O’Malley. Required data were collected through search the related keywords in databases, manual search of some journals, websites, and other sources of information and through references check, from January 2000 to May 2019. All studies, which focused on the results of PPP in PHC, and published in English or Persian were included in the study. Results: A total of 108 articles were included in the study. The studies were mostly conducted in low- and middle-income countries. The quantitative studies have demonstrated the success of this policy in improving PHC indicators. Based on the qualitative studies PPP in PHC has many benefits, including access improvement, economic benefits, and service quality enhancement. Conclusions: The present study provides useful information on the experiences of different countries in the field of PPP in PHC that can be used by experts and decision makers to decide whether to engage the private sector in the form of PPP model.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1177/2150132720943769\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/525a82e944410656310586b03b7eb297c11c3ca6\",\n \"result_position\": 33,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 211762489,\n \"title\": \"Big Data and Public-Private Partnerships in Healthcare and Research\",\n \"venue\": \"Asian Bioethics Review\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Angela Ballantyne\",\n \"C. Stewart\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Public-private partnerships (PPPs) are established to specifically harness the potential of Big Data in healthcare and can include partners working across the data chain—producing health data, analysing data, using research results or creating value from data. This domain paper will illustrate the challenges that arise when partners from the public and private sector collaborate to share, analyse and use biomedical Big Data. We discuss three specific challenges for PPPs: working within the social licence, public antipathy to the commercialisation of public sector health data, and questions of ownership, both of the data and any resulting intellectual property or products. As a specific example we consider the case of the UK National Health Service (NHS) providing patient data to Google’s DeepMind AI program to develop a diagnostic app for kidney disease. This article is an application of the framework presented in this issue of ABR (Xafis et al. 2019). Please refer to that article for more information on how this framework is to be used, including a full explanation of the key values involved and the balancing approach used in the case study at the end. We use four specific values to help analysis these issues: public benefit, stewardship, transparency and engagement. We demonstrate how the Deliberative Framework can support ethical governance of PPPs involving biomedical big data.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s41649-019-00100-7\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7916939428694c971235efc13f27ac8ca65bff7c\",\n \"result_position\": 34,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 228986731,\n \"title\": \"Influence of public-private partnership mechanisms on health investments in health care\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Education, Health and Sport\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Ivanyuk\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The objective . To consider the mechanisms of public-private partnership (PPP) as a way to attract investment into the health care system and find out the existence in Ukraine of a legal basis for the implementation of PPP in health care sector. Materials and methods. The mechanisms and possibilities of PPP projects realization in health care sector have been studied with the use of systematic approach, systematic analysis and information-analytical method. Results . Based on the analysis of international experience, the article presents the key models of PPP used in health care. The legal and institutional bases for the implementation of the PPP investment mechanism in the health care system of Ukraine are determined. The benefits of implementing PPP projects in health care for the state, private partners and the general population are shown. The basic principles of PPP and key directions of introduction of mechanisms of public-private partnership in the field of health care are substantiated. The existing problems for the formation of these mechanisms in the health care of Ukraine are revealed. Conclusions. Public-private partnership is a promising direction of investment attraction in the health care system. There is a necessary legal framework for the implementation of PPP projects in health care inUkraine. .\",\n \"doi\": \"10.12775/JEHS.2020.10.10.016\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ac1ec4e2aea03dfe43509ebf34fc920e60e3ba58\",\n \"result_position\": 35,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 276983802,\n \"title\": \"Public-Private partnership (PPP) and health service delivery in Malawi: The case of Christian Health Association of Malawi (CHAM) facilities in Mzimba district\",\n \"venue\": \"Health Policy OPEN\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Chisomo Salangwa\",\n \"Chisomo Salangwa\",\n \"Reston Munthali\",\n \"Lusungu Mfune\",\n \"Vegha Kaunga Nyirenda\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Background PPPs are crucial in addressing healthcare challenges in Malawi, a low-income country. These partnerships, including those with CHAM, help improve access to health services by complementing the public sector, especially in areas with inadequate infrastructure and limited healthcare resources. Method This study employed qualitative methods, including interviews, focus groups, and document analysis, to investigate the impact of PPP on healthcare infrastructure and access. Purposive and snowball sampling selected 30 interviewees and 20 focus groups. Thematic analysis revealed insights into PPP dynamics, resource allocation, stakeholder interactions, and socio-economic factors in healthcare. Results Government officials recognise PPPs’ positive impact on healthcare access, especially in rural areas, but raise concerns about sustainability due to policy inconsistencies, financial instability, and service duplication. CHAM and district health professionals highlight delayed payments, cost management, and infrastructure issues. While PPPs increase healthcare utilisation, challenges like drug shortages, staff shortages, and financial strain threaten long-term sustainability without better coordination. Conclusion This study explores PPPs in Malawi’s health sector, focusing on healthcare quality, efficiency, equity, and access. It identifies challenges like mistrust, misaligned incentives, data inflation, contract renegotiations, staffing shortages, and infrastructure issues. The study emphasises improving transparency, aligning incentives, and addressing sustainability through better resource management and financing.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.hpopen.2025.100139\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/539cdf813e55a6ead92dab2c73dc0717202e87a6\",\n \"result_position\": 36,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 259140128,\n \"title\": \"Leveraging technology in public-private partnerships: a model to address public health inequities\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Health Services\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Arnaout\",\n \"Melina Oseguera-Arasmou\",\n \"Nikesh Mishra\",\n \"Bennett M Liu\",\n \"Ahanjit Bhattacharya\",\n \"D. Rhew\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Long-standing inequities in healthcare access and outcomes exist for underserved populations. Public-private partnerships (PPPs) are where the government and a private entity jointly invest in the provision of public services. Using examples from the Health Equity Consortium (HEC), we describe how technology was used to facilitate collaborations between public and private entities to address health misinformation, reduce vaccine hesitancy, and increase access to primary care services across various underserved communities during the COVID-19 pandemic. We call out four enablers of effective collaboration within the HEC-led PPP model, including: 1. Establishing trust in the population to be served 2. Enabling bidirectional flow of data and information 3. Mutual value creation and 4. Applying analytics and AI to help solve complex problems. Continued evaluation and improvements to the HEC-led PPP model are needed to address post-COVID-19 sustainability.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/frhs.2023.1187306\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fd4b8a667b3ade8d38881078c4b8fa93587af29a\",\n \"result_position\": 37,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 250300908,\n \"title\": \"Perceived Quality and Users’ Satisfaction with Public–Private Partnerships in Health Sector\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"João M. S. Carvalho\",\n \"N. Rodrigues\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In Portugal, the government has accepted private management within public hospitals since 1996. The objectives of the state were to ensure more efficiency in resource management and maintain or increase the service quality provided to the users. Four public hospitals have been managed with a public–private partnership (PPP) approach. This study aimed to empirically analyse the degree of satisfaction of the Portuguese population regarding the service quality provided by PPP and Public Management Hospitals (PMH) within a structural equation model, and verify if people’s literacy level, age, education, and income moderate their opinions. The study used 2077 valid questionnaire responses applied in the four regions served by the eight hospitals. The results show that the users of the PPP hospitals are more satisfied than those from PMH with statistical significance. Literacy level moderates the relationship between perceived quality and users’ satisfaction, and education moderates the same relationship only in the context of PPP hospitals. More educated people with a high literacy level are more demanding, both regarding PPP and PMH hospitals. Nevertheless, the results are very beneficial to the PPP model; thus, improved decision-making regarding contract renewal might help policymakers consider the findings of this paper.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/ijerph19138188\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2a63b001f84f5c921e77b36220c4b3b76bfd7ca6\",\n \"result_position\": 38,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 264606354,\n \"title\": \"Effective Public-Private Partnership In Regional Healthcare\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Natalya Krivenko\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The article discusses the possibilities of solving the social sector's infrastructure problems, including healthcare, using the public-private partnership (PPP). The purpose of the study is to create an algorithm for assessing the effectiveness of the public-private partnership projects in healthcare at the regional level using statistical, structural, comparative, and factor analysis. The paper presents an analysis of Russian and international experience of implementing various PPP models in healthcare. The implementation of the public-private partnership in the Sverdlovsk region's healthcare system is demonstrated in the example of the Nuclear Medicine Centre. The author's algorithm for assessing the effectiveness of the public-private partnership projects in the regional healthcare system examines the dynamics of changes in the incidence and mortality of the working-age population and calculates the economic effect. As a result, the presented approach allowed assessing PPP's effectiveness in the example of the Nuclear Medicine Centre in the Sverdlovsk regional oncology service, confirming the importance of the public-private partnerships in ensuring mutually beneficial cooperation between the regional healthcare and socio-economic systems. The author's approach to assessing the effectiveness of public-private partnerships in regional healthcare can be applied in any constituent entity of the Russian Federation.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.15405/EPSBS.2021.04.22\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9cc867bce884de19340747c4c55159f1fe521cf7\",\n \"result_position\": 39,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 204974584,\n \"title\": \"Partnership with private for-profit sector for universal health coverage in sub-Saharan Africa: opportunities and caveats\",\n \"venue\": \"BMJ Global Health\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Nabyonga-Orem\",\n \"J. Nabukalu\",\n \"S. Okuonzi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"### Summary box\\n\\nSustainable Development Goal 3: “Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages”, with an ambitious target of attaining universal health coverage (UHC), is the aspiration of almost all countries. UHC is defined as access for the whole population to good-quality health services without the risk of financial hardship.1 Unfortunately, the public sector in most sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries lacks the capacity to provide this range of services to the whole population. Emphasis has been on strengthening the public health sector despite the resource limitations. The private sector is a potential resource for covering the gaps the public sector is unable to fill and this implores us to explore options for meaningful partnerships. The objective of this commentary is to explore the opportunities, caveats and the potential for partnership with the PFP to achieve UHC in the context of low-income countries (LICs).\\n\\nThe private sector comprises private for-profit (PFP) and private not-for-profit (PNFP). In this commentary, we focus only on the PFP sector. We acknowledge the broad scope of PFP activities in health however, in this commentary, we focus only on partnerships with the PFP providers for the delivery of health services. The private sector is taken …\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001193\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1faa69ff2c6b0ea9f79a0a453c1d03bd0470cf04\",\n \"result_position\": 40,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 8387763,\n \"title\": \"Institutional public private partnerships for core health services: evidence from Italy\",\n \"venue\": \"BMC Health Services Research\",\n \"year\": 2011,\n \"authors\": [\n \"G. Cappellaro\",\n \"F. Longo\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"BackgroundPublic-private partnerships (PPPs) are potential instruments to enable private collaboration in the health sector. Despite theoretical debate, empirical analyses have thus far tended to focus on the contractual or project dimension, overlooking institutional PPPs, i.e., formal legal entities run by proper corporate-governance mechanisms and jointly owned by public and private parties for the provision of public-health goods. This work aims to fill this gap by carrying out a comparative analysis of the reasons for the adoption of institutional PPPs and the governance and managerial features necessary to establish them as appropriate arrangements for public-health services provisions.MethodsA qualitative analysis is carried out on experiences of institutional PPPs within the Italian National Health Service (Sistema Sanitario Nazionale, SSN). The research question is addressed through a contextual and comparative embedded case study design, assuming the entire population of PPPs (4) currently in force in one Italian region as the unit of analysis: (i) a rehabilitation hospital, (ii), an orthopaedic-centre, (iii) a primary care and ambulatory services facility, and (iv) a health- and social-care facility. Internal validity is guaranteed by the triangulation of sources in the data collection phase, which included archival and interview data.ResultsFour governance and managerial issues were found to be critical in determining the positive performance of the case examined: (i) a strategic market orientation to a specialised service area with sufficient potential demand, (ii) the allocation of public capital assets and the consistent financial involvement of the private partner, (iii) the adoption of private administrative procedures in a regulated setting while guaranteeing the respect of public administration principles, and (iv) clear regulation of the workforce to align the contracts with the organisational culture.ConclusionsFindings suggests that institutional PPPs enable national health services to reap great benefits when introduced as a complement to the traditional public-service provisions for a defined set of services and goals.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1186/1472-6963-11-82\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5d3d33ca0181ceb3797ad4714ae111b5929bb1a4\",\n \"result_position\": 41,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 154824474,\n \"title\": \"PPPs in Health: Static or Dynamic?\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2010,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Blanken\",\n \"G. Dewulf\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1111/J.1467-8500.2009.00656.X\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/64271460a0abab2f04218f48c85e12f0aeb1280b\",\n \"result_position\": 42,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 207810459,\n \"title\": \"Promoting population health with public-private partnerships: Where’s the evidence?\",\n \"venue\": \"BMC Public Health\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"L. A. Parker\",\n \"G. A. Zaragoza\",\n \"I. Hernández-Aguado\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Although public-private partnerships have become common in the health sector, the evidence supporting their effectiveness is limited, and when the products or services provided by the private partner are harmful to health inherent conflicts of interest may be difficult to overcome. The objective of this study is to appraise the evidence describing process or effectiveness of public-private partnerships (PPPs) that aim to promote population health, and analyse how characteristics such as independence or competing interests influence the results of their evaluation. We carried out a systematic search of Medline and Web of Science to identify scientific reports evaluating the process or effectiveness of PPPs that aim to promote population health. Two reviewers applied inclusion criteria, extracted and evaluated study quality. We classified PPPs according to the health problem tackled, the independence of the evaluation, and the potential for competition between business interests of the private partner and health promotion activity undertaken. We classified the conclusions of the evaluation as positive (supportive/tentatively supportive) or negative (semi-critical/critical). We identified 36 studies evaluating 25 PPPs. Evaluations that were favourable to the use of PPPs in health promotion were more frequently classed as “not independent” and of poor quality. On the other hand, negative evaluations were more common when the PPP involved a private partner with a high potential for competition between the health promotion activity undertaken and their financial interests. PPPs that sought to prevent non-communicable diseases were more frequently negatively evaluated compared to PPPs tackling infectious disease or other types of health problem. Almost all of the evaluations evaluated process, with only 2 papers reporting quantitative health related outcomes. There is still a lack of sound evidence supporting the effectiveness of public-private partnerships in health promotion, and the evidence base is skewed by non-independent evaluations. Public health actors should abstain from engaging in agreements with industries whose business interests have a high potential for competition with the health promotion activity undertaken.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1186/s12889-019-7765-2\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8de71ab9eab31875ab587d165c343c93c69d0740\",\n \"result_position\": 43,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 20860671,\n \"title\": \"Global public-private partnerships: Part I--A new development in health?\",\n \"venue\": \"Bulletin of the World Health Organization\",\n \"year\": 2000,\n \"authors\": [\n \"K. Buse\",\n \"G. Walt\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1590/S0042-96862000000400019\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dd784a771f244eb1bcdab12be777fca6dae559fd\",\n \"result_position\": 44,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 225632006,\n \"title\": \"The Application of Public-Private Partnership for the Purpose of Implementing State Policy in the Sphere of Health Care\",\n \"venue\": \"International journal of economics and business administration\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"T. Popova\",\n \"M. Iskiv\",\n \"V. Zagurska-Antoniuk\",\n \"Z. Buryk\",\n \"Volodymyr Matsyk\",\n \"N. Terentieva\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Purpose: The problematic of functions and responsibilities’ distribution of the public and private sectors is a debatable issue in the study of the most effective PPP models. The objective of this academic paper is to study the features of the application of public-private partnership for the purpose of implementing state policy in the sphere of health care. Design/Methodology/Approach: Based on the in-depth case study for data collection and semi-structured in-depth interview, detailed data on the experience of PPP projects in Ukraine have been collected and analysed with statistical methods. Findings: As a result, the problem of implementing the PPP model has been revealed being the impossibility of municipal authorities to provide guarantees of funds’ return to a private partner. This problem is common in the countries with transition economies, where the concept of new public governance has not been implemented yet. The experience of Italy and China as an example of effective implementation of hybrid PPP models in the health care sphere has been studied. Originality/Value: Research proves the importance of compliance with the obligations of the municipality and its active participation in the implementation of the PPP project. The basic limitation is the inability to scale the results, the experience of the PPP project to other regions within countries due to the lack of practice of implementing the PPP mechanism.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.35808/ijeba/491\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3f929a5c0b9708ca7033fb9c61e2d506e354d66f\",\n \"result_position\": 45,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 151586488,\n \"title\": \"A Deductive Analysis of Public Private Partnerships for Health Technology\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Éric Montpetit\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In several countries, consulting firms, think thanks and even government agencies spend a considerable amount of energy trying to expand the scope of public private partnerships (PPPs). Initially confined to the construction and maintenance of public infrastructures, PPPs are currently discussed and experimented with in sectors as diverse as health care provision, crime reduction, immigrants’ integration and even the organization of elections. This paper discusses the way PPPs are likely to transform the adoption of novel medical technology in countries where health care is publicly funded. I believe, however, that several ideas presented here can be useful to consider in applying PPPs to all sectors of state intervention relying on expensive technologies. In the first section, I begin by presenting the economic understanding upon which PPPs rest. I then present the simple and uncontroversial assumption that, in democratic countries, PPPs are negotiated by politicians. Withholding the rationality assumption upon which economic theory rests, I argue that rational politicians are unlikely to prefer a PPP contract appealing to a private partner, unless politicians accept occasional renegotiation of given clauses of PPP contracts. Where this occurs, however, the alleged economic efficiency of PPPs is seriously undermined. In the second section, I present a series of reasons to contest economic theory’s treatment of health technology choices as economic choices. These reasons, I suggest, made significant contributions to health technology assessment and purchase reforms. The economic reasoning behind PPPs, I conclude, poses a serious threat to these reforms.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.7202/1039125AR\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b8a7e4f9480c70410eaade1151a981728213d1e6\",\n \"result_position\": 46,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 169736164,\n \"title\": \"Public Private Partnerships and the Quality and Efficiency of Healthcare Services\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Hellowell\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/978-3-319-69563-1_1\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f7ac00b3378a236f4aae09be679cad55a985b64c\",\n \"result_position\": 47,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 6715102,\n \"title\": \"Entrepreneurs ' perspective on public-private partnership in health care and social services.\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of health organization and management\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Janne Sinisammal\",\n \"P. Leviäkangas\",\n \"Tommi Autio\",\n \"Elina Hyrkäs\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1108/JHOM-02-2014-0039\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/063f504cfc5b8c81f8dbcf0858f74820d6c9fbf2\",\n \"result_position\": 48,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 154248938,\n \"title\": \"Public–Private Partnerships in the Health Care Sector: A systematic review of the literature\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2015,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Torchia\",\n \"A. Calabrò\",\n \"Michèle Morner\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/14719037.2013.792380\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0c3a1998a98dc583229b33c0f3ad2cc01c69573e\",\n \"result_position\": 49,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 14444669,\n \"title\": \"Public–private partnerships for public health\",\n \"venue\": \"Nature Medicine\",\n \"year\": 2000,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Reich\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/76176\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c01f425b53d5dbd3abe39352a0693397bd936524\",\n \"result_position\": 50,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 17416277,\n \"title\": \"Public-private health partnerships: a strategy for WHO.\",\n \"venue\": \"Bulletin of the World Health Organization\",\n \"year\": 2001,\n \"authors\": [\n \"K. Buse\",\n \"A. Waxman\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Following early success with a number of high-profile partnerships, WHO is increasingly working with the private for-profit sector. In so doing, the organization finds itself in the maelstrom of a vibrant debate on the roles of public, civic, and commercial entities in society and on the appropriate modes of interaction among them. This paper examines WHO's involvement with the commercial sector, particularly in partnerships. WHO's approach to this sector is outlined and the criticisms levelled at public-private partnerships are reviewed. An indication is given of the steps recently taken by WHO to confront the concerns that have been expressed. The paper argues that partnership between WHO and the commercial sector is inevitable and that it presents considerable opportunities, but also significant risks, for the organization and for public health. A strategy is proposed for directing the debate on issues critical to WHO and its role in the promotion and protection of public health.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1590/S0042-96862001000800011\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bdc37288de2c57caccf61990dfd83b54754280d2\",\n \"result_position\": 51,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 25831572,\n \"title\": \"Models of public-private engagement for health services delivery and financing in Southern Africa: a systematic review.\",\n \"venue\": \"Health Policy and Planning\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"E. Whyle\",\n \"Jill Olivier\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1093/HEAPOL/CZW075\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1bd47764421549a2b2bb7ba588fb6383e5fd30b0\",\n \"result_position\": 52,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 266787942,\n \"title\": \"Opportunities and challenges in public–private partnerships to reduce social inequality in health in upper-middle-income and high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-synthesis\",\n \"venue\": \"BMJ Open\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Srivarathan\",\n \"Maria Kristiansen\",\n \"A. N. Jensen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Objectives There is a need for novel approaches to address the complexity of social inequality in health. Public–private partnerships (PPPs) have been proposed as a promising approach; however, knowledge on lessons learnt from such partnerships remain unclear. This study synthesises evidence on opportunities and challenges of PPPs focusing on social inequality in health in upper-middle-income and high-income countries. Design A systematic literature review and meta-synthesis was conducted using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool for quality appraisal. Data sources PubMed, PsychInfo, Embase, Sociological Abstracts and SocIndex were searched for studies published between January 2013 and January 2023. Eligibility criteria Studies were eligible if they applied a quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods design and reported on lessons learnt from PPPs focusing on social inequality in health in upper-middle-income and high-income countries. Studies had to be published in either English, Danish, German, Norwegian or Swedish. Data extraction and synthesis Two independent reviewers extracted data and appraised the quality of the included studies. A meta-synthesis with a descriptive intent was conducted and data were grouped into opportunities and challenges. Results A total of 16 studies of varying methodological quality were included. Opportunities covered three themes: (1) creating synergies, (2) clear communication and coordination, and (3) trust to sustain partnerships. Challenges were identified as reflected in the following three themes: (1) scarce resources, (2) inadequate communication and coordination, and (3) concerns on distrust and conflicting interest. Conclusions Partnerships across public, private and academic institutions hold the potential to address social inequality in health. Nevertheless, a variety of important lessons learnt are identified in the scientific literature. For future PPPs to be successful, partners should be aware of the availability of resources, provide clear communication and coordination, and address concerns on distrust and conflicting interests among partners. PROSPERO registration number CRD42023384608.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076209\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/95cbba419616f0bd586e148052f843678027d5cc\",\n \"result_position\": 53,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 12103166,\n \"title\": \"Public-private partnerships in Canadian health care\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2012,\n \"authors\": [\n \"D. Barrows\",\n \"H. Macdonald\",\n \"A. Supapol\",\n \"Olivia Dalton-Jez\",\n \"Simone Harvey-Rioux\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1787/BUDGET-12-5K9CZXKBCK9W\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d766a22b745a5ebefe2ad8dc537cfc0a3f3cc19d\",\n \"result_position\": 54,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 21998850,\n \"title\": \"Public-Private Partnerships for Health\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of health communication\",\n \"year\": 2007,\n \"authors\": [\n \"S. Ratzan\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/10810730701331739\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fea787e2aae4cf3ea5ee4aaafbd7fe38d02f5048\",\n \"result_position\": 55,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 169700973,\n \"title\": \"Public-Private Partnership in Regional Health Care Modernization: Analysis and Strategic Priorities of its Development\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"N. Kosinova\",\n \"S. Sazonov\",\n \"N.Yu. Glazkova\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"For the further development of the Russian economy in the context of global transformation, various forms of a joint venture between state structures and commercial organizations are of great importance. One of the instruments for such interaction is a public-private partnership (PPP), whose main objective is to improve public welfare by combining efforts and resources of the parties, optimally distributing their responsibility and risk. In the article, we conducted an analysis of PPPs in the healthcare sector as a comprehensive study of positive and negative factors, which may affect the PPPs effective development in health care modernization. The analysis revealed key strategic priorities of the PPP development in the healthcare sector. Favorable legal, organizational and institutional conditions are required for efficient management of PPP projects implementation in health care modernization in order to increase the level of availability and quality of medical services.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.2991/CSSDRE-18.2018.96\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/71d1c9699d4180f6d8c446a5a5cbaf892ef092f0\",\n \"result_position\": 56,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 271399704,\n \"title\": \"Health Research Policy and Systems BioMed Central\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2004,\n \"authors\": [],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c2466eb3a7ee9dbe37b17071b44f4d0fb6f89847\",\n \"result_position\": 57,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 213723095,\n \"title\": \"Infrastructure Development by Public-Private Partnership in Indonesia: A Systematic Literature Review\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"V. Mandasari\",\n \"Ersa Tri Wahyuni\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Research on Public-Private Partnership (PPP) in Indonesia has emerged over the last decade due to the increased popularity of PPP as one of the financing schemes for the infrastructure project. This study aims to determine the trend of PPP research in Indonesia between the period of 2002 and 2019 and identify the research gap. Papers from three academic citation engines; Google scholars, Sinta and Garuda were selected based on the specific words relevant to PPP issues in Indonesia. A total of 107 papers from both international and national journals are analyzed to discover a few themes of the paper and analyze them based on the categories emerging from the themes. The analysis revealed that the quantity of the paper steadily increase from the period of 2015 and is still dominated by authors from engineering science background (41.12%). Road (20.47%) and Water Supply (16.54%) are the popular objects in the study, followed by the airport (3.94%). In terms of methodology, the case study of a PPP project has been a popular methodology chosen by 31 papers (28.97%). The top three topics in the literature have discussed risk analysis of PPP project (22.43%), the implementation of PPP (22,43%) and the BOT scheme (13,08%). The study identifies the literature gap in the accounting issues and taxation issues respectively, as well as the social impact of the PPP projects. Research on the three issues will enrich our understanding of the PPP issues in Indonesia.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.32783/csid-jid.v2i2.90\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d49887139bb5f233534a3b0580cc1e8c915b8c94\",\n \"result_position\": 58,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 268379895,\n \"title\": \"Quality improvement in public–private partnerships in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review\",\n \"venue\": \"BMC Health Services Research\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Cassandra B. Iroz\",\n \"Rohit Ramaswamy\",\n \"Z. Bhutta\",\n \"Paul R. Barach\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Public–private partnerships (PPP) are often how health improvement programs are implemented in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs). We therefore aimed to systematically review the literature about the aim and impacts of quality improvement (QI) approaches in PPP in LMICs. We searched SCOPUS and grey literature for studies published before March 2022. One reviewer screened abstracts and full-text studies for inclusion. The study characteristics, setting, design, outcomes, and lessons learned were abstracted using a standard tool and reviewed in detail by a second author. We identified 9,457 citations, of which 144 met the inclusion criteria and underwent full-text abstraction. We identified five key themes for successful QI projects in LMICs: 1) leadership support and alignment with overarching priorities, 2) local ownership and engagement of frontline teams, 3) shared authentic learning across teams, 4) resilience in managing external challenges, and 5) robust data and data visualization to track progress. We found great heterogeneity in QI tools, study designs, participants, and outcome measures. Most studies had diffuse aims and poor descriptions of the intervention components and their follow-up. Few papers formally reported on actual deployment of private-sector capital, and either provided insufficient information or did not follow the formal PPP model, which involves capital investment for a explicit return on investment. Few studies discussed the response to their findings and the organizational willingness to change. Many of the same factors that impact the success of QI in healthcare in high-income countries are relevant for PPP in LMICs. Vague descriptions of the structure and financial arrangements of the PPPs, and the roles of public and private entities made it difficult to draw meaningful conclusions about the impacts of the organizational governance on the outcomes of QI programs in LMICs. While we found many articles in the published literature on PPP-funded QI partnerships in LMICs, there is a dire need for research that more clearly describes the intervention details, implementation challenges, contextual factors, leadership and organizational structures. These details are needed to better align incentives to support the kinds of collaboration needed for guiding accountability in advancing global health. More ownership and power needs to be shifted to local leaders and researchers to improve research equity and sustainability.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1186/s12913-024-10802-w\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/792c8a33d2169685c51c788a86129f960171bcb2\",\n \"result_position\": 59,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 234028939,\n \"title\": \"The Problem of Success and Failure in Public-private Innovation Partnerships\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Social Policy\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Hammond\",\n \"S. Bailey\",\n \"Oz Gore\",\n \"K. Checkland\",\n \"S. Darley\",\n \"R. McDonald\",\n \"T. Blakeman\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract Public-Private Innovation Partnerships (PPIPs) are increasingly used as a tool for addressing ‘wicked’ public sector challenges. ‘Innovation’ is, however, frequently treated as a ‘magic’ concept: used unreflexively, taken to be axiomatically ‘good’, and left undefined within policy programmes. Using McConnell’s framework of policy success and failure and a case study of a multi-level PPIP in the English health service (NHS Test Beds), this paper critically explores the implications of the mobilisation of innovation in PPIP policy and practice. We highlight how the interplay between levels (macro/micro and policy maker/recipient) can shape both emerging policies and their prospects for success or failure. The paper contributes to an understanding of PPIP success and failure by extending McConnell’s framework to explore inter-level effects between policy and innovation project, and demonstrating how the success of PPIP policy cannot be understood without recognising the particular political effects of ‘innovation’ on formulation and implementation.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1017/S0047279421000192\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c59e8d8f072effffb8356c5859fdda796d1d6182\",\n \"result_position\": 60,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":76,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"I want a paper that shows that over the past decade, subscription-based video-on-demand (SVOD) services have undergone a rapid expansion, transforming the way in which we watch television and establishing themselves as a staple of entertainment in households."},"query_timestamp":{"kind":"string","value":"2025-08-13T11:50:02.616442+00:00"},"thread_id":{"kind":"string","value":"ce4df35ce6f005445ee9318573fed56e4872d42a227aeda4e09b2822935a1531"},"num_shown":{"kind":"number","value":66,"string":"66"},"num_clicked":{"kind":"number","value":0,"string":"0"},"has_clicks":{"kind":"bool","value":false,"string":"false"},"shown_papers":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"corpus_id":268193326,"title":"Authorized and Unauthorized Consumption of SVOD Content: Modeling Determinants of Demand and Measuring Effects of Enforcing Access Control","venue":"Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research","year":2024,"authors":["Ignacio Redondo","D. Serrano"],"abstract":"Consumers are attracted by the increasing number of available SVOD platforms, but it would be too expensive to pay the subscription fees for all of them. To reduce costs, consumers can combine the use of proprietary subscriptions, non-proprietary subscriptions, and illegal streaming sites. In turn, platforms could enforce access control, a decision that might produce the desired reduction in non-proprietary subscriptions but also an undesired reduction in proprietary subscriptions. The effects of this decision and the determinants of SVOD content demand remain largely unexplored. We propose a baseline model where the SVOD content demand is driven by variety seeking, household financial situation, ethical evaluation, and social norms, as well as a change model where the subscription variation is driven by users’ trait reactance and perceived fairness of the decision. We conducted a survey on the current ways SVOD content is consumed and responses to a hypothetical access control enforcement, with four randomized versions of the authentication mode. Results confirmed many of the proposed determinants and showed a noteworthy reduction in proprietary subscriptions due to the control enforcement but no effect due to the authentication modes. All these findings may help improve future models of SVOD content consumption and better address the difficult challenge of converting unauthorized users into authorized ones.","doi":"10.3390/jtaer19010025","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6bf66d669070c190f6e8f39ddfe49289038f42ef","result_position":0,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":262923352,"title":"The Analysis of Determinant Factors Intention to Use Video Streaming: Study Case Customer of Goplay","venue":"JEMSI (Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, dan Akuntansi)","year":2023,"authors":["Tengku Kespandiar","P. Manajemen"],"abstract":"The development of the internet, one of which is in the world of entertainment with the emergence of streaming video on demand (SVOD) services, marks the entry into the era of digitalization 4.0. SVOD is an interactive television service that can be watched via the internet. SVOD is one of the forms of entertainment that is increasingly in demand by the public, especially young people. One of the SVOD services that has recently appeared is GoPlay. GoPlay is an application that provides streaming video on demand services, which is similar to other streaming applications. GoPlay is an application launched from Indonesia that was released by a well-known platform in Indonesia, namely GoJek. However, GoPlay has not been able to compete with several other platforms in terms of the number of users. Broadly speaking, there are several competitors that GoPlay cannot compete with in terms of the number of users, namely Netflix, Disney+ Hotstar, and Viu. This phenomenon explains why this research aims to increase the number of GoPlay application users. There are nine hypotheses to be tested in this study. Data will be analyzed using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) with the SMARTPLS 3.2.9 tool. The results of this study show that compatibility has a positive influence on perceived ease of use, relative advantage has a positive influence on perceived usefulness, accessibility has a positive influence on perceived ease of use, and also perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and perceived safety have a positive influence on attitude, while perceived performance risk has a negative influence on attitude. And the results of this study indicate that attitude has a positive influence on the intention to use the GoPlay application.","doi":"10.35870/jemsi.v9i2.942","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/65f0326c30f0cabee12f75e40c4889b74a47dee6","result_position":1,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":264149003,"title":"The Influence of Perceived Usefulness, Satisfaction, and Personalization on Subscription Video on Demand Continuance Intentions","venue":"Journal","year":2023,"authors":["Natasya Elora Carissa","M. Erlangga","Cindy Sonesha Evik","Putu Wuri Handayani"],"abstract":"The rapid development of Subscription Video on Demand (SVoD) services in Indonesia makes it promising. The change in consumers’ behavior from watching movies through television channels and cinemas to online streaming has encouraged industry players to look for innovation. The research aims to analyze factors influencing the intention to continue using SVoD with Netflix as the case study. The research combines two theories, namely Information System Success (ISS) Model and Expectation Confirmation Theory (ECT). The research also adds an aspect of personalization which is one of the characteristics of SVoD services. There are 623 respondents who have used Netflix’s SVoD service at least once (purposive sampling) to participate in the research. The data are analyzed using the covariancebased structural equation model and facilitated using AMOS 26 program. The results indicate that service quality has a positive effect on confirmation. Then, system quality has a positive effect on perceived usefulness, and confirmation has a positive effect on satisfaction. Moreover, satisfaction, perceived usefulness, and personalization positively affect continuance intention to use SVoD services. Based on these results, the research is expected to contribute to SVoD service providers to evaluate their services so that users have the intention to continue using the SVoD services.","doi":"10.21512/commit.v17i2.8446","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f4b5558db257bf605a083b6dc8fca50a6c7bf676","result_position":2,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":265473432,"title":"Streaming towards innovation: Understanding consumer adoption of OTT services through IRT and TAM","venue":"Cogent Business & Management","year":2023,"authors":["A. Polisetty","G. Sowmya","S. Pahari","Y. Wu"],"abstract":"Abstract The rise of cord-cutting due to technological advancements and internet accessibility has led to an increased interest in understanding the adoption behavior of consumers towards over-the-top services (OTTs). This study aimed to comprehend the barriers to adopting the first wave of OTTs and the innovation characteristics, along with the propagation mechanism, in the second wave, using the Innovation Resistance Theory (IRT) and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), respectively. The study was conducted in India, with 302 and 572 respondents for the first and second waves, respectively. Data were analyzed through confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The findings revealed that value barriers, technology vulnerability barriers, and individual barriers had the highest impact on consumer resistance, negatively impacting continued usage intention. Consumer habits were found to play a conditional role in antagonizing the effects of consumer resistance on continued usage intention. In the second wave, innovation and consumer characteristics had no significant impact on continued usage behavior. Instead, a robust propagation mechanism was explored to overcome consumer resistance and promote innovation. These findings provide valuable insights for OTT service providers and policymakers to promote continued usage intention and overcome consumer resistance.","doi":"10.1080/23311975.2023.2283917","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/154bac4afcf24e2a0a9ae7a8b6cbb572f62ada2a","result_position":3,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":222303597,"title":"New forms of internationalisation? The impact of Netflix in Australia","venue":"Media International Australia","year":2020,"authors":["S. Cunningham","Alexa Scarlata"],"abstract":"This article examines the impact of multinational subscription video-on-demand (SVOD) services in Australia, noting the degree to which a stalled policy response to the challenge of unregulated SVOD services has been shaken up by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We look at the phenomenon from a screen-ecological perspective – where dynamics of consumption, reviewing, production and regulation are interdependently and often contradictorily in play. We examine how these diverse, sometimes conflicted, perspectives can be approached as responding to new forms of internationalisation presented principally by the operations of Netflix in Australia (Amazon Prime Video, Disney+ and Apple TV+ are also mentioned when relevant). This article is part of a larger project (ARC Discovery DP190100978 Internet-Distributed Television: Cultural, Industrial and Policy Dynamics, chief investigators Ramon Lobato, Amanda Lotz, Stuart Cunningham) studying the cultural, industrial and policy dynamics of multinational SVOD globally and in situ locally.","doi":"10.1177/1329878x20941173","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ff632dcade89cb5a57dc3cf3e06747bb3758277d","result_position":4,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":233330939,"title":"Hollywood survival strategies in the post-COVID 19 era","venue":"Humanities and Social Sciences Communications","year":2020,"authors":["Michael Johnson"],"abstract":"Since the arrival of the Coronavirus in the United States, Americans have been forced to quarantine themselves at home in dramatic fashion, unlike almost any other time in the nation’s history. Moreover, the American workforce has been equally impacted by virtue of state-imposed shutdowns that have affected innumerable businesses, including the Hollywood entertainment industry, which is the subject of this research. I examine how commercial entertainment conglomerates like AT&T, Comcast, Disney, ViacomCBS, and Fox have responded to mandatory closures for businesses that employ a human workforce upon whom they rely for their labor, and to human consumers they seek to distribute their film and television commodities to for profit. Using historical and discourse analyses in a political economic theoretical framework, I review contemporary reports about the economic conditions which have influenced the industry’s technological adaptation and innovation and argue that the Hollywood television and film industries will capitalize upon this current public health crisis as a motivator to adopt streaming platforms as the new preferred distribution mechanism of entertainment long after COVID 19 is a memory. This qualitative research examines the technological adaptations employed by these entertainment conglomerates to analyze (1) how the transition to streaming video on demand has occurred, and evaluates (2) what the adoption of these survival strategies mean for Hollywood’s long-term economic future and survival in a “digitally competitive” (Smith and Telang, 2017) marketplace.","doi":"10.1057/s41599-021-00776-z","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/caaf85a1396b01827162c51b6a0aeb77682b5def","result_position":5,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":277864951,"title":"Evidence of Diseconomies of Scale in Subscription-Based Video on Demand Services: The Case of Netflix","venue":"IEEE Access","year":2025,"authors":["G. Szalkowski","Christian Johansen"],"abstract":"This study provides evidence of diseconomies of scale in Netflix, a major subscription-based video-on-demand (SVOD) service provider. This challenges the common belief in prevalent economies of scale for such e-businesses. Our analysis is based on a comprehensive dataset, where we have collected and combined publicly available and audited financial data, primarily sourced from Netflix’s 10-K reports. A second contribution of this study is the user-cost models employed in our analysis—specifically, a baseline linear model, a power law model, an exponential model, and a logarithmic model. Despite their clear relevance, such models are largely absent from discussions on SVOD business models, a gap we address and exemplify here. Applying these mathematical models to Netflix’s financial data reveals a super-linear increase in costs relative to user growth, indicating rising per-user costs characteristic of diseconomies of scale. Management strategies differ significantly between firms operating under the assumption of economies of scale and those experiencing diseconomies of scale—an important distinction, particularly as firm size increases. Our findings offer critical insights into SVOD service scalability, challenging prevailing assumptions and informing expectations about cost dynamics in this industry.","doi":"10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3561718","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9329a9653c585a0ed7fac210ea6b555e0b8a85eb","result_position":6,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":233549703,"title":"Factors affecting consumers’ willingness to subscribe to over-the-top (OTT) video streaming services in India","venue":"","year":2021,"authors":["Samala Nagaraj","S. Singh","Venkat Kalyan Reddy Yasa"],"abstract":"Abstract Purpose The introduction of Over-the-Top (OTT) video streaming services through national and international providers like Netflix, Amazon Prime, etc. has changed consumer behaviour towards entertainment subscription. The study aims to identify the reasons for subscribing and not subscribing to OTT services. The main objective is to test the factors affecting consumers' OTT subscription decisions. Design/methodology/approach One hundred and sixty-eight responses were collected through snowball sampling technique and three hundred responses through Mturk. Consumers are categorized into three groups having only cable/DTH services, only OTT, and having both cable & OTT. The study adopted a cross-sectional descriptive approach. Findings Fourteen reasons for subscribing and eleven reasons for not subscribing were identified and reported. Five factors, i.e., content, convenience, features, price & quality were extracted using Exploratory Factor Analysis. The effect of these five factors along with demographics of age, education, occupation is tested on subscription decisions using a logistic regression analysis. All the five factors affected consumer's decisions along with price inversely. Household structure was the major influencer along with age, occupation, and education. Originality/value The study not only comprehensively attempted to identify the reasons for subscribing and not subscribing OTT services, but also identified five major factors and their effect on consumers’ online subscription preferences. The context of the study is the Indian OTT service market which is highly heterogenous and therefore, this descriptive research provides useful insights to the OTT streaming service providers operating in this competitive space.","doi":"10.1016/J.TECHSOC.2021.101534","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d95007f95afe0d92d001ab36a031f2eadfacbc3f","result_position":7,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":264094146,"title":"Public service television in the age of subscription video on demand: Shifting TV audience expectations in the UK during COVID-19","venue":"Media, Culture & Society","year":2023,"authors":["Catherine Johnson","Lauren Dempsey"],"abstract":"This article asks how the rise in use of SVOD in the United Kingdom during 2020 impacted people’s expectations of public service television (PSTV). Drawing on 56 qualitative interviews with 28 UK participants conducted in 2019 and 2020, the article uses the COVID-19 lockdown to explore how disruption to the context of viewing might shape the cultural meanings people attach to PSTV. Challenging dominant approaches that measure audience assessments of public service media (PSM) against normative criteria, this article focuses instead on the processes through which people’s cultural meanings about PSTV are formed. Examining the interplay of their encounters with, expectations and evaluations of television, it reveals the divergent meanings our participants brought to linear and on-demand television. The article concludes by examining the implications of these expectations for PSM policy and for the ways in which we research people’s viewing experiences and choices amidst the rise of VOD.","doi":"10.1177/01634437231203875","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6959b009642515a4f784c0727ea13d75e631a028","result_position":8,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":272396554,"title":"The Influence Of User Experience, E-Service Quality, And E-Trust Mediated By E-Satisfaction On E-Loyalty: Customers Subscription Video On Demand (Svod)","venue":"Journal of Social Science","year":2024,"authors":["Helen Karmelia","Kandi Sofia Senastri Dahlan"],"abstract":"Currently in the digital era, the internet plays a very important role in supporting and making it easier for people to carry out their daily activities through various technologies. One of the benefits of the internet in the entertainment sector is being able to watch movies or online shows and streaming subscription videos, besides that this activity is one of the most popular activities in the community that is carried out during and after the pandemic.\nThis study aims to analyze the influence of User Experience, (E-Service Quality), E-Trust, mediated by E-Satisfaction, on E-Loyalty on Subscription Video on Demand (SVOD) customers during the Covid-19 pandemic to after the Covid-19 pandemic in the Greater Jakarta area.\nThis study is a quantitative study by collecting 278 samples. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires online and the scale used was the Likert scale. The data analysis technique used is Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with Smartpls 3.0 software.\nThe results of this study show that User Experience has a significant influence on E-Satisfaction and E-Loyalty, E-Service Quality has a significant influence on E-Satisfaction directly but does not have a significant influence on E-Loyalty directly, E-Trust has a significant influence on E-Satisfaction directly but does not have a significant influence on E-Loyalty directly, and E-Satisfaction has a significant influence on E-Satisfaction directly, and E-Satisfaction has a significant influence on E-Satisfaction and E-Loyalty. significant influence on E-Loyalty. E-Satisfaction has succeeded in mediating between User Experience, E-Service Quality, and E-Trust with E-Loyalty.","doi":"10.57185/joss.v3i9.362","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c737c553cafa2472030c0f078243015df7de4e1c","result_position":9,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":261420124,"title":"Not just Netflix: Interventions of Korea's domestic streamers","venue":"International journal of cultural studies","year":2023,"authors":["Jennifer M. Kang"],"abstract":"Korean video culture has changed from a broadcast-focused culture into a diversified experience that includes a variety of videos from both domestic and global streaming services. Contrary to the mainstream view that Netflix is at the centre of all changes, this study positions the domestic streamers’ original content as not necessarily a direct response to Netflix but indicative of the many changes that were already occurring in the local media landscape. Their content has adapted to fit viewers’ changing lifestyles and desire for stories not seen on television. Efficient everyday storytelling fits into viewers’ busy commuter lifestyles and features mundane topics that they can easily identify with. Also, the domestic streamers cater to small, underserved audiences with regard to specific topics avoided by traditional media. Thus, the original content of domestic streamers indicates that they offer different value propositions than formulaic romance stories by broadcasters and the high-end, large-scale original dramas of subscription video on demand (SVOD).","doi":"10.1177/13678779231197695","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fd06c1bf311c7c147f848e4e0c3a83f5177b71cf","result_position":10,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":263170266,"title":"The Analysis of User Intention to Subscribe Netflix Using UTAUT Framework","venue":"Journal of Information System, Technology and Engineering","year":2023,"authors":["M. Saufi","Agus Rofi’i","Dede Ridho Firdaus","Stkip Pgri Banjarmasin","U. Majalengka","Uin Sultan","Maulana Hasanuddin Banten"],"abstract":"In addition to assessing the degree of satisfaction with the services offered by the streaming application to its customers, this study seeks to identify the elements that motivate streaming application users in Indonesia to renew their subscriptions in the coming months. The research model employed in this study is the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2), which also includes variables for content, ethics, and morality in addition to the variables for the expectation-confirmation model (ECM), specifically satisfaction and intention to continue. This study uses a quantitative method with data analysis using the PLS-SEM method with the help of SmartPLS. According to the study's findings, a number of factors influence how likely users of streaming applications are to renew their subscriptions in the months to come, including content, performance expectations, facilitating conditions, hedonic incentive, price value, habit, morals, and ethics. The findings of this study are anticipated to be taken into account when streaming applications decide whether or not to expand in Indonesia.","doi":"10.61487/jiste.v1i1.10","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/757f0dae548af21144e6317769f10f444c7f0366","result_position":11,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":278225554,"title":"User Experiences in Over-The-Top (OTT) Streaming Media Platform Services","venue":"Qubahan Academic Journal","year":2025,"authors":["P. R","S. S"],"abstract":"Understanding user experiences on Over-the-Top (OTT) platforms is vital as these services continue to transform digital entertainment consumption. This study investigates user experiences in “Over-the-Top” (OTT) streaming media platform services, focusing on the interplay between user behavior, influencer credibility, user satisfaction, and continuous intention to use. A quantitative approach was employed, utilizing data from 384 respondents across four major OTT platforms: Netflix, Hulu, Amazon Prime Video, and Disney+. Current studies focus on user engagement without a framework of content recommendations and strategies for marketing. The majority of research on initial adoption intentions lacks an entire model that includes technological, social, and psychological aspects. Influencer marketing's immediate effect on OTT subscriptions has been little examined, mostly in e-commerce situations. To fill these gaps, our research applies stratified random sampling to select OTT customers by age, gender, and consumption frequency. Therefore, the study minimises demographic biases and enhances generalisability. The research finds that influencer credibility has a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.62) with user behaviour, confirming the significant role of social media influencers in influencing user interactions with OTT platforms. Moreover, findings indicate a perfect positive correlation (r = 1.00) between user satisfaction and user experience, highlighting satisfaction as a critical determinant of overall user perception. In addition, the study reveals that continuous intention to use OTT platforms displays a strong positive beta coefficient (0.95), indicating that active users typically describe outstanding overall experiences. The novelty of the study consists of the establishment of a viewer classification framework that divides users based on behavioural patterns, offering useful information for content personalisation and targeted marketing. OTT user adoption and engagement are examined thoroughly through social impact, personalisation, and habit building within the TAM model. This research addresses gaps in theory and practice, helping OTT platforms improve user experiences and loyalty.","doi":"10.48161/qaj.v5n2a1600","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0100d09c4dc6bb8eb979f3913566320b6c7230bd","result_position":12,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":247215235,"title":"Assessing the factors influencing the adoption of over-the-top streaming platforms: A literature review from 2007 to 2021","venue":"Telematics and informatics","year":2022,"authors":["T. Mulla"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.tele.2022.101797","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/744f7833c08f7303aa5669edccdd18b7b517ac36","result_position":13,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":257464015,"title":"Adoption and Usage of Over-the-Top Entertainment Services","venue":"International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development","year":2023,"authors":["H. Vaidya","Semila Fernandes","R. Panda"],"abstract":"Over-the-top (OTT) is the name of media entertainment services delivered over the internet, bypassing traditional mediums. The consumer preference for OTT entertainment platforms is increasing at a fast rate and is showing promising signs for the future, so it is important to understand the extent of existing literature. This study is a thematic literature review undertaken to identify and highlight key themes related to the adoption and usage of OTT entertainment services. It includes a thorough literature review of 94 research articles sampled systematically. This study will highlight the widely researched themes and the lesser-focused areas of study within the realm of over-the-top entertainment adoption and usage. Adoption and usage of OTT entertainment services, the shift in the medium of consumption, and the impact of OTT entertainment services on related technologies are some of the primary themes identified in the study. This study will provide critical insights and valuable knowledge to industry players and guide academicians for future research opportunities.","doi":"10.4018/ijsesd.319718","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/54ccc655b2fd7384bd31dedaf9512f568965f891","result_position":14,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":265654172,"title":"SVoDs, new norms and the challenge for public service media","venue":"Journal of Digital Media & Policy","year":2023,"authors":["Gillian Doyle"],"abstract":"The growing popularity of subscription video-on-demand services (SVoDs) has transformed the European media landscape, re-shaped consumption habits, fragmented audiences and made it more difficult for public service media (PSM) organizations to engage especially younger audiences. This article analyses challenges, such as competing against the immense commissioning power of SVoDs, faced by PSM. Focusing particularly on the UK experience, it highlights how, despite the growing prevalence and popularity of SVoDs and their role in promoting wider circulation for material drawn from a variety of international sources, PSM organizations are still recognized by audiences and by television programme-makers as being pivotal to provision of certain sorts of quintessentially local content. As this article argues, the rise of global streamers has both accentuated and altered the ways in which PSM deliver public value, effectively re-positioning PSM as elements of what might be seen as critical media infrastructure.","doi":"10.1386/jdmp_00130_1","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7313276c2d408d9b7874ba5333719c8c3675056d","result_position":15,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":263313900,"title":"Conceptualization and Survey Instrument Development for Over-the-Top Platforms' Usability","venue":"Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research","year":2023,"authors":["Aycan Pekpazar","M. Coskun","C. A. Gumussoy"],"abstract":"OTT (over-the-top) streaming is a subscription-based video service model that delivers video-on-demand content, films, and series directly to end-users over the Internet, bypassing the need for traditional satellite receiver systems. The most popular OTT service providers include Netflix, Hulu, Amazon Prime, and Disney+. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the viewership rates and subscriber numbers for OTT platforms rapidly increased. Like various other products and systems, usability problems can substantially impact user satisfaction, loyalty, and the intention to continue using OTT services. Therefore, this study aimed to conceptualize the usability of OTT platforms and develop an OTT Usability Measurement Scale for the usability evaluation of OTT platforms based on the Apple tvOS Guidelines and the literature. OTT platform usability was conceptualized with nine constructs, including Accessibility and Customization, Account Management, Data Entry and Search, Branding, Privacy, Navigation, Help, Content, and Design, and the concepts were measured with a scale including 48 items. The validity of the developed scale was tested through two separate survey studies conducted with Netflix web application users. The first survey involved 650 participants. At this stage, an exploratory factor analysis was used to evaluate the scale’s measurement properties, and the developed factor structure was confirmed. In the second stage, a survey with 600 participants was conducted, and a confirmatory factor analysis was applied to validate the scale properties. Furthermore, a nomological validation of the developed scale was performed, examining the relationship between the acquired OTT factors and elements such as continued intention to use, satisfaction, and brand loyalty. As a result of the nomological validation, it was observed that the privacy and design factors significantly affected each of the three dependent variables.","doi":"10.3390/jtaer18040089","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/38bd0d76ef790e8d250044a7f7d40a2b58307bea","result_position":16,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":249362882,"title":"From Parochialism to Cosmopolitanism in the American Audiovisual Supply? Netflix’s New Releases of Television Fiction in the United States and their Geographical Diversity","venue":"Anagramas Rumbos y Sentidos de la Comunicación","year":2022,"authors":["José-Carlos Lozano"],"abstract":"The supply of films and TV series in the United States has been historically dominated by national programming produced by its powerful media conglomerates, significantly limiting the diversity and plurality of choices for their American viewers. Netflix and other video-on-demandplatforms are changing this situation, significantly increasing the availability in the United States of fiction produced in different regions of the world, potentially exposing their subscribers to new narrative styles, scenarios, ethnicities, nationalities, languages, and cultural features. This study, based on the methodology of content analysis, analyzes the geographical origin and production type of new Netflix scripted television releases in the United States from January 2017 to June 2018 and discusses their potential relevance in broadening the degree of geographical diversity among American subscribers to the platform. The paper concludes that while Netflix USA substantially increased the supply of foreign television series in its catalog during that period, a sizeable part of the imports came from countries with high degrees of “cultural proximity” with the United States. The article concludes by discussing the possible “Americanization” of foreign audiovisual productions, formats, and genres bought or produced by Netflix.","doi":"10.22395/angr.v20n40a9","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bf7cf45a643bc36031b7abecb544305185b06a80","result_position":17,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":261648278,"title":"Analyzing differences in customer satisfaction on the video streaming platform Netflix","venue":"Annals of Management and Organization Research","year":2023,"authors":["Shun-Hsing Chen","Yang-Ju Chen","W. Leung"],"abstract":"Purpose: With the rise of online video streaming platforms and the preventive measures taken during the COVID-19 pandemic, staying at home has become the preferred choice for people. As a result, online video streaming platforms, one of the components of the home economy, have experienced rapid growth. Netflix is a subscription-based service that offers movies and TV shows, delivering media content to subscribers through internet streaming. Research methodology: This study utilizes the Importance-Satisfaction Model (I-S Model) as a research tool to explore customer satisfaction levels. Through literature review and expert confirmation, 16 key quality factors were identified for conducting importance and satisfaction surveys among Netflix customers. Additionally, demographic variables such as gender, marital status, education level, occupation, and age were analyzed for differences in the Importance-Satisfaction Model. Results: The study reveals that out of the overall Importance-Satisfaction Model, 2 factors fall in the \"Improveme+nt area\", 9 factors fall in the \"Excellent area \", 4 factors fall in the \"Careless area \", and 1 factor falls in the \"Surplus area \". Limitations: The respondents were not randomly selected from all OTT video platform users, and furthermore, due to limitations in the distribution channels of the questionnaire, the age range of the respondents in this study was concentrated in high school, college, and young working groups. Contribution: These findings indicate that consumers are generally satisfied with the service quality provided by Netflix.","doi":"10.35912/amor.v4i3.1554","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2cc79972f2ee5ba393cb95600831739d37e45910","result_position":18,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":261980159,"title":"Multiple Relationships between Streaming and Linear TV: Examining Media Substitution Theory Using Big Data","venue":"Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media","year":2023,"authors":["Takayuki Yamatsu","Sang-gil Lee"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT With the prevalence of connected TV, streaming is replacing linear TV while expanding its functionality. To structurally explain this replacement based on functional similarity, we applied two-way fixed-effects regression to log data from 197,273 smart TVs in Japan from July 2019 to June 2022. Results showed that professional videos on demand primarily substituted linear TV’s recorded viewing, dramas, and movies, whereas substitution by YouTube was broader. Catch-up streaming substituted recorded viewing while complementing viewing without recording. These multiple relationships support the applicability of media substitution theory and foreshadow that functional expansion of streaming would further contribute to linear TV’s replacement.","doi":"10.1080/08838151.2023.2250039","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a64ecac1879006c9756e85b96645b394e0cb82d2","result_position":19,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":261923215,"title":"Drivers of Customers Advocacy in Support of Subscription-based Digital Entertainment Services (NETFLIX)","venue":"International Journal of Current Science Research and Review","year":2023,"authors":[],"abstract":"Subscription business models are increasingly gaining attention in recent year, especially entertainment services such as music subscription, streaming TV/movies and video games. One of the service platform that comes to mind is Netflix, a subscription-based video streaming service. Video on demand streaming service currently competing each other quite aggresively where these provider competing by providing different series that exclusively only available on their services or with different versatile pricing package in hope to attract new subscribers while retaining it’s existing subscribers. This call for new strategy for Netflix to maintain it’s position in competition. This research examines the relationship between customer empowerment values and customer advocacy in relation to a digital platform subscription-based consumption. A quantitative approach was employed by conducting a survey of 110 user of Netflix in Indonesia. Data collected was subsequently analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) in order to test the formulated hypothesis. The research resulted in an understanding that value-for-choice, value-for-knowledge and value-for-involvement are significant predictors of customer advocacy of the platform. The findings suggest that Customer advocacy is primarily influenced by the level of product choice and convenience also reliable information and privacy security also constitute important elements for providers to deliver in order to promote advocacy behavior from customers using the platform.","doi":"10.47191/ijcsrr/v6-i9-18","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b5b3c226b1103fd60e3dbb3c2023649fa0145120","result_position":20,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":266081376,"title":"Streaming Queer Content: LGBTQ Media on BVOD and SVOD Services in Australia","venue":"Television & New Media","year":2023,"authors":["Whitney Monaghan"],"abstract":"This article analyzes the strategies through which Broadcast Video on Demand (BVOD) and Subscription Video on Demand (SVOD) services make queer titles available and discoverable to users. While streaming video services operate globally and the issue of LGBTQ inclusion is not solely a national one, Australia’s complex history of LGBTQ representation in film and television offers a unique context to explore these issues. This article asks: How is queer content categorized and promoted on BVOD and SVOD services in Australia? How easily discovered is this content? And how does this impact the visibility and inclusion of LGBTQ identities within the Australian screen media landscape? Drawing on critical librarianship and catalog analysis, this article reveals discrepancies between curated categories and search results, the failure of search tools to recognize language associated with LGBTQ identities, and the obscuring of queer content within streaming video libraries.","doi":"10.1177/15274764231217106","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/20afb2d0abfe32d2429ff731ab9c26ae6932d840","result_position":21,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":270106607,"title":"Mermaids and bin chickens: Australian teenagers’ engagement with screen stories in the on-demand age","venue":"Media International Australia","year":2024,"authors":["Anna Potter","C. Archer-Lean","Phoebe Macrossan","H. Beazley"],"abstract":"Australian teenagers have grown up with abundant choices in digital screen entertainment including social media, gaming, and global streaming video services such as Netflix. This participatory audience study investigates how, why and to what extent Australian teenagers engage with drama and movies in their daily lives, including Australian stories. The research findings show that Australian teens enjoy watching long-form screen stories on their favourite streaming services and that on-demand delivery is critical to their viewing preferences. Although many remember with affection the Australian drama they watched as children, teens now place a low priority on a screen story being Australian. A sophisticated audience that particularly values diverse and inclusive representation, teens’ deprioritising of Australian content – and linear television – has profound implications for policy, for Australian screen production and for public service broadcasters the Australian Broadcasting Corporation and the Special Broadcasting Service.","doi":"10.1177/1329878X241254234","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e5480c7f34d8085130045a534da5f952d82ebb8e","result_position":22,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":258835444,"title":"A Study on Satisfaction and Continuous Use Intention of OTT Platform Digital Content Provision Service - Based on Value Based Acceptance Model","venue":"Journal of system and management sciences","year":2023,"authors":["Soo-Yeon Yoon","Y. Chun"],"abstract":". As the commercialization of 5G Internet technology began, the development of download and streaming technologies also rapidly increased, and OTT platforms entered the market in earnest. In this study, based on the value-based acceptance model, the factors that can be expected for the OTT platform digital content service were studied. In addition, the factors influencing the perceived value of OTT services on satisfaction and intention to continue using were studied. The impact of path coefficients on convenience, usefulness, playability, security risks, technical risks, and cost risks that affect the perceived value of OTT digital content services was analyzed through SPSS ver. 23. In addition, the t value (1.96 or more) and the significance probability p value of 0.05 or less will be judged. In addition, through a causal relationship analysis of the digital content provision service that is most used among overseas/domestic OTT platforms, factors that domestic and foreign OTT platform digital content providers should improve or enhance were presented.","doi":"10.33168/jsms.2023.0233","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c9e2572c4fd8481ff38cc3b5c4fde1599cd6c2e6","result_position":23,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":255038412,"title":"(Main)streaming English Dubs","venue":"Journal of audiovisual translation","year":2022,"authors":["L. Hayes","A. Bolaños-García-Escribano"],"abstract":"With ‘original’ content from a growing diversity of languages, Netflix has become a playground for audiovisual translation. Given that Netflix outsources its localisation, it has been able to rely on practitioners in consolidated industries to create revoiced and subtitled versions that adhere to industry conventions. Although subtitling has long been the consolidated mode for localising mainstream audiovisual products (films and series) into English, Netflix has initiated new trends in an Anglophone dubbing industry traditionally reserved for niche products, by bringing the dubbing of foreign-language mainstream products into the distribution mainstream. The illusory novelty of English dubs, debuted at the turn of 2017 on Netflix, has facilitated experimentation in dubbing strategies. In the burgeoning English-dubbing industries, located mainly in Los Angeles and London, standardisation, domestication and foreignisation strategies are being used (Hayes 2021; 2022). In order to elucidate emerging norms in English-dubbing strategies, in this article we present a corpus of Netflix’s English dubs of 82 Castilian-Spanish films and TV series and analyse the main dubbing strategies adopted by the studios involved.\nLay summary\nNetflix has original series and films in many languages and the need to translate these into other languages has led to Netflix experimenting with different ways of translating content, such as by creating subtitles or dubbed versions (replacing the original dialogues with voices speaking another language). For importing “foreign” content (e.g. Spanish productions) into the English language, subtitling has traditionally been the mode of translation used for films and series, but dubbing has also been used for products such as cartoons and videogames. As Netflix outsources translation, they have been able to rely on professionals in well-established translation industries; however, in the case of translating into English, dubbing live-action has generally presented a new challenge for English-language translation professionals. Furthermore, most viewers of English dubs were previously unfamiliar with dubbing. Therefore, experimentation in English-dubbing strategies has been possible. Netflix’s English dubs utilise different accents (e.g. standard, regional or foreign) depending on different variables, such as the country where the dubbed version was created or the dubbing director. In this article, we have analysed 82 Spanish films and series on Netflix and their English dubs, in order to determine the presence different accent strategies and developing trends. The films and series studied were released on Netflix between 2017 and 2021 and were available on the platform in Ireland and UK throughout 2021. We ultimately draw conclusions that reveal our observations on current practices in English-language dubbing.","doi":"10.47476/jat.v5i2.2022.211","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/36eeea3f802f135f7327386512d91cc03b523632","result_position":24,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":261418493,"title":"‘They are now pocket videos, not home videos’: Streaming and reconfiguration of video consumption in Nigeria","venue":"International journal of cultural studies","year":2023,"authors":["G. Simon"],"abstract":"This article examines how streaming is altering established viewing practices that traditionally characterised video film consumption among domestic Nigerians. Following the creation of the Nigerian video industry (Nollywood) as a straight-to-video film industry, audiences watched movies solely through the technologies of television sets and video players. The fluid and opaque circulation of video copies located audience consumption practices within informal realms and communal spaces. This article analyses how streaming is catalysing a distinctive viewing culture in Nigeria. It argues that streaming is formalising access to Nollywood movies, upending the communal practices associated with legacy video viewing, and fostering an individualised viewing culture though some informal communal practices persist in the streaming ecosystem. By emphasising the role of smartphones and apps in the emergent streaming culture, this article demonstrates how streaming is restructuring the temporal, spatial, and affective features of audience engagements that traditionally characterised movies viewing in Nigeria.","doi":"10.1177/13678779231197697","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/518b2ec63404abcc722a0f9b633fc62e3d822f72","result_position":25,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":235558907,"title":"NETFLIX: CULTURAL DIVERSITY OR CULTURAL IMPERIALISM?","venue":"","year":2021,"authors":["K. Salsabila"],"abstract":"The global rise of Netflix as subscription video-on-demand (SVOD) has emerged along with its capitalization of film, television, and technology industry for the audience's convenience. It replaces the interest of local television with its claim of 'a global TV network' with cultural diversity in its contents. However, the term cultural diversity itself should be questioned whether it means to leave the American cultural power or it is only to claim themselves as a global company where global identity is represented in their identity to attract a wider audience. By using transnational approach, this study finds the use of cultural diversity merely to fulfill the demand of the American audience, with several globalization consequences in Netflix Original series, especially in non-American series. Those consequences are the homogenization in European-made Netflix series, where they appear to be fully Americanized with American lifestyle or American perspective, and heterogenization in Asian-made Netflix series with its collaboration of Asian culture and American popular culture. The claim of a 'global TV network' itself does not leave the American cultural power. Instead, they are taking advantage of the cultural power to retain the existing audiences and to fascinate more audiences. Therefore, the dependency of non-American producers in relying on Netflix platform as a way to reach global audience, even the use of Americanization to their works for global audience's satisfaction, confirms the cultural power of America in its ability to bring economic advancement to other countries.","doi":"10.22146/RUBIKON.V8I1.65480","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/68f69268eaccfbe1087930a58a89e46d32ae2ab3","result_position":26,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":219004883,"title":"From Netflix to Movistar+: How Subscription Video-on-Demand Services Have Transformed Spanish TV Production","venue":"JCMS: Journal of Cinema and Media Studies","year":2020,"authors":["Deborah Castro","Concepción Cascajosa"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1353/cj.2020.0019","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/167d3e644a3cf52f2eb8cbfdaa34018e0729bdde","result_position":27,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":244122294,"title":"Economics at the FCC 2020–21: Closing the Connectivity Gap, COVID-19 and Telehealth, Spectrum Auctions, Communications Marketplace Report, and Economic Research","venue":"Review of Industrial Organization","year":2021,"authors":["Allison Baker","Patrick Brogan","Patrick DeGraba","Judith A. Dempsey","M. Janson","Paul Lafontaine","Cher Li","Kim Makuch","C. Matraves","Martha Stancill","Donald K. Stockdale","Glenn Woroch"],"abstract":"The U.S. Federal Communications Commission is responsible for regulation in the communications marketplace and for management of the nation’s non-federal radio frequency spectrum. During the past year, FCC economists assisted in the development of initiatives that were aimed at closing the connectivity gap which proved especially critical in light of the COVID-19 pandemic; contributed to the Commission’s extensive responses to COVID-19; were involved in various spectrum auctions; evaluated competition in the communications marketplace in the 2020 Communications Marketplace Report; and published a series of working papers.","doi":"10.1007/s11151-021-09846-7","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/02fc2ab05025524f601c2887b9421de2fdc9225f","result_position":28,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":239087829,"title":"Youthification of television through online media: Production strategies and narrative choices in DRUCK/SKAM Germany","venue":"Critical Studies in Television","year":2021,"authors":["Florian Krauß","Moritz Stock"],"abstract":"This article discusses online media’s contribution to the youthification of television through the case study of DRUCK (tr. Pressure, 2018–), the German format adaptation of SKAM (tr. Shame, 2015–17). Youthification is understood as the television industry’s attempts to reach and win back teen and tween viewers with strategies in production, representations, aesthetics and distribution. In DRUCK, online media are integral to the youthification in all these strategies. Our multifaceted analysis of this serial combines perspectives from media industry studies to investigate production strategies, sociological analysis of film and television to examine the thematic and narrative choices and theories of transmedia storytelling to make sense of the specific distribution choices.","doi":"10.1177/17496020211044821","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/21316d12b2d425ea165a7aa7244c58c3bbf2f782","result_position":29,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":228834479,"title":"The Impact of Over-the-Top Television Services on Pay-Television Subscription Services in South Africa","venue":"Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market and Complexity","year":2020,"authors":["Nokuphiwa Udoakpan","R. Tengeh"],"abstract":"Globally, developments and innovations in television technology, including the launch and growth of over-the-top television services (OTT TV), have affected traditional pay-TV operators’ ability to grow a subscriber base and retain existing customers. Despite attempts made by the Independent Communications Authority of South Africa (ICASA) to ascertain the impact of the OTT TV on pay-TV services, the results have remained inconclusive. In the absence of a comprehensive assessment and credible evidence, this paper sought to ascertain the impact that OTT TV services have on traditional pay-TV services in South Africa. A quantitative research method was adopted using a non-probability sampling technique for data collection. A total of 391 responses were collected utilising an online survey questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistics on IBM® SPSS® version 26. The main findings of the study showed that OTT TV services are a complementary service to pay-TV services as opposed to a substitute. Low-income earners are using free/paid mobile applications to consume TV content, and for those who have neither OTT TV nor pay-TV services, free-to-air services are the preferred platform for TV consumption. This study benefits all stakeholders in digital media and business strategy, as well as marketing students.","doi":"10.3390/joitmc6040139","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e557d1afe9dd1f97b4bae0781553eb7a436accfd","result_position":30,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":220505227,"title":"What does it take to survive in a digital world? Resource-based theory and strategic change in the TV industry","venue":"Journal of Cultural Economics","year":2020,"authors":["Ricarda Schauerte","Stéphanie Feiereisen","A. Malter"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1007/s10824-020-09389-x","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/72180331ed51c3a9b5dabb5db593c418716147fe","result_position":31,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":195819634,"title":"How streaming services make cinema more important","venue":"Nordic Journal of Media Studies","year":2019,"authors":["Terje Gaustad"],"abstract":"Abstract The technocultural disruption triggered by digitization has radically changed the way in which we consume films outside cinemas and transformed content providers’ business models. In Norway, between 2010 and 2016, DVD/Bluray and subscription-based streaming services switched places as major and minor platforms for home video consumption. Hence, home video consumption has migrated from a high-yielding platform at the head of the home video release cycle to a low-yielding platform at the tail end, where films also face tougher competition from drama series and international content tends to surpass local content. A case study of the earnings generated by local films released by a major distributor in this period suggests that home video revenues have diminished, making local films much more dependent on theatrical revenues and vulnerable to changes in cinema-going behaviour.","doi":"10.2478/njms-2019-0005","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b5c5933df02651bae8c633e5f05a411f3b5537ac","result_position":32,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":213084135,"title":"Television Reshaped by Big Data: Impacts and implications for Netflix-like platforms in the age of dataism","venue":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FILM AND MEDIA ARTS","year":2019,"authors":["C. Quico","Cicant Film"],"abstract":"Television was born analogue, almost 100 years ago: first broadcast across airwaves, then deliv - ered via analogue cable and satellite, to reach millions and millions of people around the world. Like many other industries, television has been under the process of digital transformation, in - tegrating digital technologies in all parts of its value chain, from content production to content distribution. Today, inseparable from the digital transformation process is the large, diverse and ever-growing volume of data created, captured, analyzed and applied – also known as Big Data. Television is being reshaped by Big Data, with newcomers to the industry such as Netflix lead - ing the way, for others to follow - and for others to fail. The concepts of Platform Capitalism, Surveillance Capitalism and Dataism may illumi - nate many of the challenges faced by the main stakeholders in the television industry, with im - plications that go much beyond this field. Lastly, Netflix’s impact on the production, distribution and consumption of audiovisual content is still to be understood in a small market such as Portugal: the current exploratory paper is also meant to be the basis of future research in Por - tugal about internet-distributed television.","doi":"10.24140/ijfma.v4.n1.04","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/619327846d7103f0c577b80dcfa58ede31a2140c","result_position":33,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":197645045,"title":"Accounting for Innovations in Consumer Digital Services: IT still matters","venue":"Finance and Economics Discussion Series","year":2019,"authors":[],"abstract":"This paper develops a framework for measuring digital services in the face of ongoing innovations in the delivery of content to consumers. We capture what Brynjolfsson and Saunders (2009) call \"free goods\" as the capital services generated by connected consumers' stocks of IT digital goods, a service flow that augments the existing measure of personal consumption in GDP. Its value is determined by the intensity with which households use their IT capital to consume content delivered over networks, and its volume depends on the quality of the IT capital. Consumers pay for delivery services, however, and the complementarity between device use and network use enables us to develop a quality-adjusted price measure for the access services already included in GDP. Our new estimates imply that accounting for innovations in consumer content delivery matters: The innovations boost consumer surplus by nearly $1,800 (2017 dollars) per connected user per year for the full period of this study (1987 to 2017) and contribute more than 1/2 percentage point to US real GDP growth during the last ten. All told, our more complete accounting of innovations is (conservatively) estimated to have moderated the post-2007 GDP growth slowdown by nearly .3 percentage points per year. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)","doi":"10.17016/feds.2019.049","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5a869c7eb5614f0e99f0145dd54c81835869a104","result_position":34,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":33331549,"title":"Survey of Catch-up TV and other time-shift services: a comprehensive analysis and taxonomy of linear and nonlinear television","venue":"Telecommunications Systems","year":2017,"authors":["J. Abreu","João Nogueira","Valdecir Becker","Bernardo Cardoso"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1007/S11235-016-0157-3","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0500d50ba35a4f2185327f48c3e72ff18349f80a","result_position":35,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":56263708,"title":"Digital Media Platforms and the Use of TV Content: Binge Watching and Video-on-Demand in Germany","venue":"","year":2016,"authors":["L. Mikos"],"abstract":"The advancing digitalization and media convergence demands TV broadcasting companies to adjust their content to various platforms and distribution channels. The internet, as convergent carrier medium, is increasingly taking on a central role for additional media. Classical linear TV is still important, but for some audiences it has been developing from a primary medium to a secondary medium. Owing to the growing melding of classical-linear TV contents with online offerings (e.g. video-on-demand platforms or Web–TV), a great dynamic can be seen which has triggered numerous discussions about the future of TV for some time now. This article will summarize the results of two different audience studies. Film and television shows are meanwhile distributed online via Video-on-Demand platforms such as Netflix or Amazon Prime Video. The first audience study has dealt with the use of VoD-platforms in Germany investigating user rituals, user motivation to watch films and TV shows on these platforms, and the meaning of VoD in everyday life. Most of the participants in this study reported that they mainly watch TV drama series at Netflix or Amazon Prime. Therefore, the second audience study focused the online use of television drama series of individuals and couples elaborating the phenomenon of binge watching. In relating the audience practice to the new structures of the television market the article will shed light on the future of television.","doi":"10.17645/MAC.V4I3.542","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d7658ffcde1d393e0b60fd57a66d6d5aad7c1130","result_position":36,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":278427477,"title":"Explaining subscription intention for video streaming platforms in China: Integrating the UTAUT2 model, perceived value theory, and S-O-R theory","venue":"PLoS ONE","year":2025,"authors":["Tong Wu","Nan Jiang","Saeed Pahlevan Sharif","Mobai Chen"],"abstract":"Purpose This study examines the factors influencing the intention to subscribe to video streaming platforms in China through integrating the extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT2), perceived value theory, and stimulus–organism–response (S-O-R) theory. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative study was conducted to test the hypothesized relationships among the constructs using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The sample included 506 viewers of video streaming platforms. Findings The results showed that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and hedonic motivation had a positive relationship with subscription intention in video streaming platforms. Additionally, perceived value mediated these relationships. Also, habit was positively related to subscription intention. Finally, the attractiveness of alternatives moderated the relationship between perceived value and subscription intention of video streaming platforms in China. Originality/value This study introduces a moderated mediation mechanism to explain the intention to subscribe to video streaming platforms in China, utilizing the UTAUT2 model, perceived value theory, and S-O-R theory.","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0322860","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/da6234077f5afb9cd5efcaf75c87900b2b1f087b","result_position":37,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":268701479,"title":"The role of cognitive factors in consumers’ perceived value and subscription intention of video streaming platforms: a systematic literature review","venue":"Cogent Business & Management","year":2024,"authors":["Tong Wu","Nan Jiang","T. B. J. Kumar","Mobai Chen"],"abstract":"Abstract This study reviews the literature to determine how cognitive factors affect consumers’ value perception and video streaming platform subscription intentions. This study analyses 20 Scopus and Web of Science peer-reviewed articles to examine the complex relationship between cognitive factors, perceived value and users’ decision-making. The cognitive factors perceived quality, content relevance, variety, enjoyment, cost-benefit ratio, and personalization help explain how users value video streaming platforms. Analyzing these factors can reveal the complex mechanisms that influence users’ platform subscriptions. This has practical implications for industry professionals. The research shows that technical dependability, tailored content suggestions, a variety of content, emotionally engaging content, clear benefit communication, and adaptable experiences shape users’ value perceptions. The above implications are especially relevant in dynamic digital environments influenced by the global pandemic and technological advances. This study also advances consumer behavior theory. This study applies existing models and frameworks to video streaming platforms, adding to the literature. The findings of this study enhance perceived value theory, technology adoption models, personalization theories, and engagement frameworks. These findings improve our understanding of digital user behavior. The study’s narrow focus on cognitive factors and self-reported data are limitations, but it provides valuable insights. These limitations allow future research to explore unexplored areas and use new methods.","doi":"10.1080/23311975.2024.2329247","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/37619be85683397ca84551b0746b97fe8430a0d6","result_position":38,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":261998653,"title":"NFLX Adaptive Strategy in the Indonesian Digital Streaming Video on Demand","venue":"E3S Web of Conferences","year":2023,"authors":["Gabriel Wambrauw","R. A. Affandi"],"abstract":"This study aims to explore the topic of the streaming phenomenon which in recent years has become one of the most popular and best-selling business trends due to digitalization. This research attempts to explore the subject through the success of NFLX, a Subscription Video on Demand (SVOD) service based in the U.S. that managed to expand its reach to more than 190 countries—observing the trends and external factors that are affecting NFLX’s behavior and strategy that determines their action to secure their place in the foreign markets, affecting the industry and culture surrounding it. From qualitative data resources gathered through primary and secondary data, this research explored the phenomenon of NFLX and its adaptability by applying PEST Analytical Concept and Porter’s Five Forces as a framework to analyze the dynamics between NFLX and external factors. This study found NFLX to be very influential and adaptable in securing its place in Indonesia, overcoming regulatory barriers, and establishing partnerships to expand and adapt its product and operational strategy to the market preferences.","doi":"10.1051/e3sconf/202342602101","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d14d39e8922af2474a969f5306124f8f072629ca","result_position":39,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":272316454,"title":"Media libraries and subscription video-on-demand services in Germany: Usage habits and perceived differences from the user’s perspective","venue":"Journal of Creative Industries and Cultural Studies","year":2024,"authors":["Verena Telkmann"],"abstract":"The streaming industry has seen rapid growth worldwide in recent years with intense competition among the major international providers. In Germany, streaming services and pay TV providers achieved a turnover of over five billion euros for the first time in 2022. The number of users subscribing to services such as Netflix, Disney+, and RTL+ has also doubled in the last five years and currently stands at 21.2 million people with one or more subscriptions. In the midst of this competition, this study examines the differences in usage habits, preferences, and user perceptions regarding content offer, user experience, brand perception, and pricing between media libraries and subscription video-on-demand (SVOD) providers in Germany. The study draws on STP theory (segmentation, targeting, positioning) to show how German TV companies can effectively use their resources and differentiate themselves in the competitive market. Based on 1,726 responses from an online survey of German students, empirical significance tests were conducted. These show that SVOD and media library users prefer different program types and that media libraries have a clear need to catch up, especially with regard to personalized recommendations and brand perception.","doi":"10.56140/jocis-v11-3","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1e8c90b9e76ee306555d689ddaed5200e8ac1859","result_position":40,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":261101104,"title":"Network-Based Video Recommendation Using Viewing Patterns and Modularity Analysis: An Integrated Framework","venue":"IEEE Access","year":2023,"authors":["Mehrdad Maghsoudi","Mohammad Hossein Valikhani","Mohammad Hossein Zohdi"],"abstract":"The proliferation of video-on-demand (VOD) services has led to a paradox of choice, overwhelming users with vast content libraries and revealing limitations in current recommender systems. This research introduces a novel approach by combining implicit user data, such as viewing percentages, with social network analysis to enhance personalization in VOD platforms. The methodology constructs user-item interaction graphs based on viewing patterns and applies centrality measures (degree, closeness, and betweenness) to identify important videos. Modularity-based clustering groups related content, enabling personalized recommendations. The system was evaluated on a documentary-focused VOD platform with 328 users over four months. Results showed significant improvements: a 63% increase in click-through rate (CTR), a 24% increase in view completion rate, and a 17% improvement in user satisfaction. The approach outperformed traditional methods like Naive Bayes and SVM. Future research should explore advanced techniques, such as matrix factorization models, graph neural networks, and hybrid approaches combining content-based and collaborative filtering. Additionally, incorporating temporal models and addressing scalability challenges for large-scale platforms are essential next steps. This study contributes to the state of the art by introducing modularity-based clustering and ego-centric ranking methods to enhance personalization in video recommendations. The findings suggest that integrating network-based features and implicit feedback can significantly improve user engagement, offering a cost-effective solution for VOD platforms to enhance recommendation quality.","doi":"10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3526876","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bbc5364543384c8ae4b652571e9308385849f075","result_position":41,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":274965340,"title":"An Experimental Study Of Netflix Use and the Effects of Autoplay on Watching Behaviors","venue":"Proc. ACM Hum. Comput. Interact.","year":2024,"authors":["Brennan Schaffner","Yaretzi Ulloa","Riya Sahni","Jiatong Li","Ava Kim Cohen","Natasha Messier","Lan Gao","M. Chetty"],"abstract":"Prior work on dark patterns, or manipulative online interfaces, suggests they have potentially detrimental effects on user autonomy. Dark pattern features, like those designed for attention capture, can potentially extend platform sessions beyond what users would have otherwise intended. Existing research, however, has not formally measured the quantitative effects of these features on user engagement in subscription video-on-demand platforms (SVODs). In this work, we conducted an experimental study with 76 Netflix users in the US to analyze the impact of a specific attention capture feature, autoplay, on key viewing metrics. We found that disabling autoplay on Netflix significantly reduced key content consumption aggregates, including average daily watching and average session length, partly filling the evidentiary gap regarding the empirical effects of dark pattern interfaces. We paired the experimental analysis with users' perceptions of autoplay and their viewing behaviors, finding that participants were split on whether the effects of autoplay outweigh its benefits, albeit without knowledge of the study findings. Our findings strengthen the broader argument that manipulative interface designs can and do affect users in potentially damaging ways, highlighting the continued need for considering user well-being and varied preferences in interface design.","doi":"10.1145/3710928","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7af2ed0ace4262b94436f19409f35c4dcd912c3f","result_position":42,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":236351996,"title":"Examining Factors Influencing Early Paid Over-The-Top Video Streaming Market Growth: A Cross-Country Empirical Study","venue":"Sustainability","year":2021,"authors":["Sangwon Lee","Seonmi Lee","Hyemin Joo","Yoonjae Nam"],"abstract":"This study examines the factors influencing early paid Over-The-Top (OTT) video streaming market growth in 50 countries. The results of the panel data analysis suggest that Netflix’s market entry, traditional pay TV market size, broadband infrastructure, and OTT platform competition contribute to the early market growth of paid OTT video streaming services, such as subscription video-on-demand (SVOD) services. The results also reveal that the traditional pay TV subscription market and the paid OTT video streaming market initially grow together in many countries. However, the findings also reveal a negative association between the market entry of Netflix and the subscription revenue growth rate of traditional pay TV services. The results of this study suggest industry and policy implications for paid OTT video streaming market growth and the sustainable development of the media industry.","doi":"10.3390/SU13105702","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4b4e954dab820be295f0a32eb840f23539670250","result_position":43,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":251488070,"title":"Turning Pirates into Subscribers: A Status Quo Bias Perspective on Online Movie Service Switching Intention","venue":"Emerging Science Journal","year":2022,"authors":["P. Putra","Muhammad Imam Santosa","Ika Chandra Hapsari","A. Hidayanto","S. Kurnia"],"abstract":"This study aims to analyze the factors that influence a person's intention to use a subscription-based streaming service application using the perspective of the inertia of piracy movie application users. This study investigates the factors that affect the inertia of movie piracy application users. The theory used is a combination of the status quo bias theory and coping theory. This research uses a quantitative approach and an online survey method for data collection. Data collection resulted in 378 responses that were subsequently analyzed using the covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) technique. It was found that inertia (the level of user inertia) negatively affects intention to use (the intention to use a subscription-based streaming service application) and convenience. In addition, convenience, perceived controllability (a person's level of control over the application), and morality positively influence intention to use. Furthermore, it was also found that perceived cost and personalization do not affect the intention to use. Inertia is also positively and significantly influenced by the transition cost (effort to move). The factors that have the highest correlation values are transition cost and inertia. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-05-06 Full Text: PDF","doi":"10.28991/esj-2022-06-05-06","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/19a1e4e30e925d01e61101ded764f10a7ea46cae","result_position":44,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":240102261,"title":"Analysis of Foreign Video Streaming Service Entering Chinese Streaming Media Market: A Case Study of Netflix","venue":"Proceedings of the 2021 International Conference on Public Relations and Social Sciences (ICPRSS 2021)","year":2021,"authors":["Yiling Shi","Jia-Lu Zhou"],"abstract":"Netflix, the leading video streaming service globally, has expanded to more than 190 nations in the last five years but hasn’t been able to step into the Chinese market. However, being the largest population and booming Internet development, Netflix has flagged China as a potential market filled with potential and revenues. Therefore, this paper will make a study to explore how Netflix can occupy the Chinese video streaming market. To solve the research question, this paper utilizes the literature on the 4Ps theory and SWOT analysis, as well as make a comparison between the current situation of Netflix and Tencent Video, and the secondary data also be used to analyze the possibilities of Netflix’s future development in China. The detailed SWOT analysis for Netflix concludes that the relatively high subscription price and strict censorship regulations will likely restrict Netflix’s future expansion in China. At the same time, diverse and high-quality products with good convenience have positive influences on its market development. To sum up, this article provides a reference for Netflix’s future moves into the Chinese market and has significant implications for other streaming companies looking to enter the Chinese market.","doi":"10.2991/assehr.k.211020.177","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2b2839dfbda25a1471c904243c9cd09afc79edd0","result_position":45,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":268591195,"title":"Understanding behavioral intention to subscribe video-on-demand platform during COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from Indonesia","venue":"Asian Journal of Technology Management","year":2022,"authors":["Rafiati Kania","Nabila Ramadhani","Nono Wibisono","Ari Gunawan"],"abstract":"Subscriber-based Video on Demand (SVoD) is currently growing business sector during the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the pandemic effect human mobilization, the Indonesian government strictly regulated visiting the cinema to press Covid-19 outbreak. Consequently, film providers and consumers adopt SVoD as an alternative digital platform. Nevertheless, Indonesian subscriptions are currently lagging behind other countries. In addition, a survey from Coalition Against Piracy in 2019 has discovered that 63 % of Indonesian consumers opt to access illegal streaming services instead of paying subscription fees to video streaming providers. This research empirically examines social influence, perceived risk, hedonic motivation, and utility value to influence behavioral intention to understand what factors influence paying subscriptions. The hypotheses proposed in our research model are tested on a sample of 291 Indonesian subscribers of SVoD platforms. The partial-least square modeling result shows that social influence, hedonic motivation, and utilitarian value can, directly and indirectly, influence behavioral intention. Contrary to research hypotheses, the perceived risk of adopting illegal streaming videos can only indirectly influence behavioral intention. Finally, it is noted that a combination of external and internal consumer motivation will impact subscriptions intention.","doi":"10.12695/ajtm.2022.15.2.3","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9e26cd82ef1090bb3cad2656d0a6ba4047bd40a3","result_position":46,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":43444294,"title":"Can I See Beyond What You See? Blending Machine Learning and Econometrics to Discover Household TV Viewing Preferences","venue":"Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences","year":2017,"authors":["Zhuolun Li","R. Kauffman","Bingtian Dai"],"abstract":"This research blends machine learning-based discovery of preference patterns that uses natural language processing for TV viewing data with explanatory modeling that uses econometrics, as a basis for understanding TV viewing preferences at the household-level. We employ a dataset of about 1.1 million observations that was collected via set-top box technology that tracked household-level consumption of the content of its channel subscription package. The data describe the details of what households watched on TV, including the channels and shows, start times and durations, and overall viewing times for content from different digital entertainment genres. This research demonstrates the efficacy of our machine learning and explanatory econometrics approach, and presents insights on consumer behavior and content bundling that are useful for firm strategy in digital entertainment services.","doi":"10.24251/HICSS.2017.471","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e26ab7cc1ffdd6152c3e3cfa4eefabd1dea3abbc","result_position":47,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":276623372,"title":"Datacasting: TikTok’s Algorithmic Flow as Televisual Experience","venue":"Media and Communication","year":2025,"authors":["Ellenrose Firth","A. Marinelli"],"abstract":"Recommendation algorithms have acquired a central role in the suggestion of content within both subscription video on demand (SVOD) and advertising-based video on demand (AVOD) services and media-sharing platforms. In this article, we suggest the introduction of the datacasting paradigm, which takes into account the increasing relevance algorithms have in selection processes on audiovisual platforms. We use TikTok as a case study as it is an entirely algorithmic platform, and therefore embodies the heart of our discussion, and analyse how the algorithmic flow within the platform influences user experience, the impact it has on the enjoyment of content, and whether the platform can be considered televisual. We have opted to frame TikTok within debates on flow, as we believe that is what is at the core of the platform experience. Through the analysis of in-depth interviews, we extracted two main categories of responses: TV on TikTok and TikTok as TV. The former includes all responses related to the consumption of traditional televisual material on the platform, while the latter looks at all potential connections between the platform and television viewing habits.","doi":"10.17645/mac.9392","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/17b80c081dbcd141e11f68453744d6b1ea850d9c","result_position":48,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":237758984,"title":"Factors affecting users' satisfaction and dissatisfaction of OTT services in South Korea","venue":"","year":2021,"authors":["S. Shin","Joo-Bong Park"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1016/J.TELPOL.2021.102203","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/512593886af78cc10b5e2424c0937f7605d9236d","result_position":49,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":210895414,"title":"Independent Cinema in the Digital Age: Is Digital Transformation the Only Way to Survival?","venue":"Economics and Business Review","year":2019,"authors":["Karolina Maria Sadlowska","Paula Sonja Karlsson","Steven Caldwell Brown"],"abstract":"Development of digital technologies has resulted in the creative and cultural industries having to adapt business models in light of evolving consumer preferences. This paper aims to examine how independent cinemas can transform their delivery in light of the challenges posed by digital disruption, and more specifically, whether this has to focus entirely on digital transformation. This conceptual paper examines one independent cinema in Scotland, concluding that digitalisation should be used to complement existing activities, along with exploring other innovative business models. It is crucial to understand that the old-time patterns of running a business have irrevocably changed. DOI: 10.15458/ebr.88","doi":"10.15458/EBR.88","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1616eeff0b3d9b18d53b2cfa40e4a87164fe3bd5","result_position":50,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":265119393,"title":"The streaming industry and the platform economy: An analysis","venue":"Media, Culture & Society","year":2023,"authors":["J. Chalaby"],"abstract":"As television is embracing a new set of internet-related technologies, the medium is transitioning from broadcasting to streaming. With it, a new mode of distribution has emerged: the streaming platform. This research makes a three-pronged effort to assess their impact on the TV industry: it analyses the way platforms monetize content; it distinguishes types of streaming platforms based on a set of criteria that includes supply-chain arrangements and the way they structure commercial transactions among different sets of participants, and it considers the ownership of streaming services. This article contributes to media and communication studies by combining the platform literature with global value chain (GVC) theory in order to foster our understanding of streaming platforms. It contextualizes streaming platforms in the history of television and analyses how they are transforming the medium.","doi":"10.1177/01634437231210439","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b7d2b7a6176c88fe30f604c0389b5d7dbd5ea42a","result_position":51,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":214479662,"title":"UNDERSTANDING ADOPTION FACTORS OF OVER-THE-TOP VIDEO SERVICES AMONG MILLENNIAL CONSUMERS","venue":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY","year":2019,"authors":["Sabyasachi Dasgupta","P. Grover"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.34218/ijcet.10.1.2019.008","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4aa4899a6ba3b71ee7372f357f96ceb120f945c6","result_position":52,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":248576312,"title":"Factors Motivating Binge-Watching of TV Series Among College Students","venue":"Shanlax International Journal of Management","year":2022,"authors":["Lourembam Bishorjit Singh","H. S","Dhanamanjuri Thangjam","Hiyai Leima Nigthoujam"],"abstract":"The Rapid growth of Internet-based TV companies has transformed the way of video consumption, Internet-Based TV companies are releasing an entire series of programmes at once, which leads consumers to watch the TV series at once or three to four episodes at one sitting. This phenomenon gained popularity due to the development of platforms such as Netflix, Hulu, HBO GO, Amazon Prime, Disney+, and Apple TV (Winland, 2012). Students are spending less time devoted to academic pursuits. Research studies have indicated that students are heavily distracted from their academic pursuits due to binge-watching, with many students spending almost 8 hours per week on binge-watching. Based on an extensive literature review, a glaring gap was noticed in assessing binge-watching behaviour among Indian students. Hence, the paper aims to explore various factors that influence college students’ attitudes towards binge-watching. The study is grounded on four different stimuli that influence Binge-watching: enjoyment, escapism, social influence and convenient access. Design/Methodology/Approach: The present study is a descriptive research design. Quantitative methods were used for the collection and analysis of data. A structured questionnaire based on pre-validated scales was used as a research instrument. The respondents were from the student community across India. Analysis was based on correlation and multiple regression analysis.Originality: The paper significantly contributes to the understanding of factors influencing binge-watching attitudes among students in India. There is a huge dearth of literature concerning binge-watching in India. Findings: The findings of the study indicate that escapism, enjoyment greatly motivate students to spend more time binge-watching. As per the survey, we found out that college students don`t binge-watch because of convenient access and social influence.","doi":"10.34293/management.v9is1.4861","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1ad0d76079e8fd56cbddc7beb47d9bb23a151323","result_position":53,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":235405617,"title":"Is Over the Top Video Platform the Game Changer over Traditional TV Channels in India? A Niche Analysis","venue":"Asia Pacific Media Educator","year":2021,"authors":["H. H. Puthiyakath","M. Goswami"],"abstract":"Since the outbreak of COVID-19 and the consequent national lockdown, the usage of over the top (OTT) platforms has significantly increased in India. The growing popularity of video streaming has made a substantial impact on the traditional TV channels during pandemic times. The purpose of this study is to examine the competition, coexistence and competitive superiority of OTT and TV in providing consumer satisfaction. The study adopted the niche theory to empirically measure the degree of gratification fulfilled by OTT and TV, the similarity between OTT and TV and the competitive superiority of OTT and TV across seven micro-dimensions of gratification. The data for the study has been gathered from 223 online users across India. The results of the study reflect that OTT provides a higher degree of satisfaction across all seven dimensions of gratification with the greatest difference manifested in the convenience dimension. The niche overlap measures indicated that the highest level of similarity between TV and OTT is in providing gratification in the relaxation dimension, whereas the least similarity was observed in the convenience dimensions. The competitive superiority of OTT surpassed TV in all dimensions with the greatest difference manifested in relaxation.","doi":"10.1177/1326365X211009639","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dc36cb825b567f3de7447c93eaf7c02f7b7efd4b","result_position":54,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":266807952,"title":"Netflix: Disrupting the entertainment market with digital technologies, time and again","venue":"Journal of Information Technology Teaching Cases","year":2024,"authors":["S. Juteau"],"abstract":"This case study focuses on Netflix’s technological journey, emphasizing its role as a startup that revolutionized a sector through tech-savvy approaches. Until 2023, Netflix continues to innovate. This exploration delves into how Netflix has evolved as a platform organization, leveraging advanced technologies to enhance user experience and business models. The case discusses Netflix’s use of cloud computing and proposes elaboration on artificial intelligence and blockchain technologies. This case will be particularly useful for graduate and post-graduate students or MBA students in courses on digital technologies and business perspectives.","doi":"10.1177/20438869231226394","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f3bd1f68eb5abb4a4346b40fc6a66ca2cd3ff890","result_position":55,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":259731117,"title":"Thinking about platforming with more traditional mediatization: Lessons from audiovisual analysis","venue":"Studies in Communication Sciences (SComS)","year":2023,"authors":["E. George","Justine Dorval","E. Germain"],"abstract":"Since the mid-1990s, film and television industries are more and more confronted with the appearance of new intermediation services which have created platforms. In a project funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC), we try to analyze the place and role that these new services are taking in the audiovisual sector. Our corpus is composed of the platforms of four companies that have developed activities on a vast international scale, Netflix (with its service of the same name), Amazon (Prime Video service), Disney (Disney+) and Apple (Apple TV+). Based on our corpus, it seems to us that some changes have been the result of firms’ activities, but that it is not as linear as it may appear at first sight. Transformations are at work but there is also some “Old Media Persistence.” Thus, we find a certain “contamination” of old practices originating from the organization of industrial channels and forms in the mutations currently presented by these new intermediation services.","doi":"10.24434/j.scoms.2023.03.3733","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/64c41a646dcbe5553975310111c6dc5a2b1a8af1","result_position":56,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":252100354,"title":"The Impact of EU Liberalization Regulations on the Market Audiovisual Media Services Market","venue":"Studia Iuridica Lublinensia","year":2022,"authors":["Péter Bordás"],"abstract":"In the last years, the audiovisual media services market has changed significantly from its initial stage of liberalization. Of course, if we look at the steps as far as the regulation of services is concerned, it has also undergone significant changes, but the assessment of the effectiveness of liberalization may be different. This is simply because with the development of technology, such as the emergence of online services, various new sorts of services and players have entered the market, the regulation of which requires EU action in several respects. Firstly, the significance of this lies in the fact that, in order to achieve media convergence, the scope of regulation has now expanded compared to the early stage of liberalization. Secondly, large service providers outside of Europe are now competing for European consumers, that poses a challenge to both the regulation and the interests of the EU. Thirdly, it has to be mentioned that the Brexit, occurred in early 2020, re-arranged the map of the European audiovisual services market and relocated several service providers to an EU Member State. This study – in order to understand the phenomena outlined above – seeks to analyse the liberalization of a small slice of the European telecommunications market.","doi":"10.17951/sil.2022.31.2.71-83","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/46267f8a602f70db6f76c31174460b3821e256ad","result_position":57,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":248926531,"title":"“Shudder” and the Aesthetics and Platform Logics of Genre-Specific SVOD services","venue":"Television & New Media","year":2022,"authors":["J. Balanzategui","Andrew Lynch"],"abstract":"Major subscription-video-on-demand (SVOD) services including Netflix and Apple TV+ target a wide range of consumers through catalogs that house a diverse variety of genres. However, as the SVOD ecology has evolved, services have emerged that focus on particular genres, and thus target enthusiasts of specific content types. This article examines the horror-focused SVOD service “Shudder” to highlight how these genre-specific SVOD services curate content in ways that differ from major services like Netflix. Unlike the top-tier generalist SVODs, niche services like Shudder do not appeal to users via personalized algorithmic recommendation of titles from a seemingly limitless catalog: instead, these services are branded around the affective pleasures of and fan cultures surrounding specific genres. Our analysis of Shudder combines interface and genre analysis to illuminate how the platform offers a “phenomenal experience” of generic immersion in ways that reflect on new intersections between SVOD platforms, genre, nostalgia, and cinephilic subcultures.","doi":"10.1177/15274764221093602","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dc83618c706c5602633df3d21ae9d8ba515a2007","result_position":58,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":250998605,"title":"Cultural politics of Netflix in local contexts: A case of the Korean media industries","venue":"Media, Culture & Society","year":2022,"authors":["Taeyoung Kim"],"abstract":"This paper analyzes how stakeholders in the Korean media industries understand the penetration of Netflix and other foreign streaming video-on-demand (SVoD) platforms and how they respond to global SVoD players. Based on interviews with cultural workers and bureaucrats, the findings of this paper explore how stakeholders in the media industries interpret Netflix as both an investor who would enable them to produce a variety of content and introduce their products worldwide and as a competitor that has the potential to threaten domestic media production. Considering structural asymmetries caused by disparities in technologies and financial strength between local and global players in the market, as well as the distribution power which streaming moguls have enjoyed for years, the growing presence of Netflix in the domestic market may reduce the position of Korean media production as mere subcontractors of the platform. The paper’s findings shed light on analyzing the relationship between global streaming platforms and local cultural producers.","doi":"10.1177/01634437221111917","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/60b2b327306f1467e635a42a6e93ae458906fa5b","result_position":59,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":237811105,"title":"‘If you can’t beat them, be them’","venue":"MedieKultur: Journal of Media and Communication Research","year":2021,"authors":["T. Raats","Tom Evens"],"abstract":"Faced with heavy competition of global subscription-video-on-demand (SVOD) streaming services, along with increased pressure on fi nancing and distribution of domestic content, legacy media players are increasingly exploring the potential of local SVOD services as domestic alternatives to global platforms such as Netflix and Disney+, often in collaboration with other European broadcasters and/or distributors.This article presents an in-depth case study of Streamz, a domestic SVOD alternative launched in Belgium in September 2020. Building on scholarly work on media disruption and platform power, the case study examines the political and market context that shaped the existence of the platform, and critically analyses the strategies pursued by legacy media players in attempting to develop and emulate key competitive advantages of global SVOD players. The article demonstrates how a persistent policy push to collaborate in a small market resulted in an unusual joint venture and, at the same time, how diff erent market factors, most of them characteristic for small media markets, pose signifi cant challenges for domestic players to develop a profi table platform in Europe, let alone be able to stand achance in a highly competitive streaming market.","doi":"10.7146/mediekultur.v37i70.122208","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3f27a5c87ca3cc62f07628cdfdcfbe954ccb295e","result_position":60,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":49676383,"title":"Content Sampling, Household Informedness, and the Consumption of Digital Information Goods","venue":"Journal of Management Information Systems","year":2018,"authors":["A. Hoang","R. Kauffman"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT Technology and media are delivering content that is transforming society. Providers must compete for consumer attention to sell their digital information goods effectively. This is challenging, since there is a high level of uncertainty associated with the consumption of such goods. Service providers often use free programming to share product information. We examine the effectiveness of content sampling strategy used for on-demand series dramas, a unique class of entertainment goods. The data were extracted from a large set of household video-on-demand (VoD) viewing records and combined with external data sources. We extended a propensity score matching (PSM) approach to handle censored data, which permitted us to explore the main causal relationships. Relevant theories in the marketing and information systems disciplines informed our research on consumer involvement and informedness for decision making under uncertainty, the consumption of information goods, and seller strategies for digital content. The results show that content sampling stimulates higher demand for series dramas, but in a more nuanced way than was expected. Samples of the series reveal quality information to consumers and allow them to assess preference fit directly. As a result, they become more informed about their purchase decisions. Also, households seem to be willing to pay more to be better informed, and informed households tend to purchase more. This suggests that content providers should invest in strategies that help consumers to understand the preference fit of information goods.","doi":"10.1080/07421222.2018.1451958","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c1d3c18edf256deb084523a812464191d9c709ae","result_position":61,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":256754625,"title":"Technological affordances of video streaming platforms: Why people prefer video streaming platforms over television","venue":"European Journal of Communication","year":2023,"authors":["Tom Evens","Amandine Henderickx","Peter D. Conradie"],"abstract":"This article investigates to what extent technological affordances are associated with people's preference for video streaming platforms over traditional television services. Such affordances refer to properties of these platforms (including personalized recommendations and easy-to-navigate interfaces) that provoke certain uses of the technology and satisfy social and psychological needs. Based on a quantitative study of 25–50-year-olds in Belgium (N = 596) and a hierarchical regression analysis, the study builds further on the conceptualization of technological affordances as presented in the MAIN model, which suggests that four affordances (Modality, Agency, Interactivity and Navigability) are central to digital media technology. As such, the study presents an affordance-based measure of video streaming platforms, and helps to understand how video streaming technology shapes new patterns of audiovisual consumption and enhances the viewing experience beyond that of traditional television. Whereas most research attention has focused on user-oriented gratifications of video streaming platforms, this study addresses a gap in the literature by dealing with platform-oriented gratifications of video streaming platforms.","doi":"10.1177/02673231231155731","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b57a66ad3da306b219f8e26104cb9fd408e5baa3","result_position":62,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":248281075,"title":"The Cognitive Determinants Influencing Consumer Purchase-Intention Towards Subscription Video on Demand (SVoD): Case of Egypt","venue":"International journal for marketing studies","year":2022,"authors":["A. Elsafty","Abdulaziz Boghdady"],"abstract":"Over the past few decades, there has been a significant change, as smartphones and digital devices paved the way for developing new e-business models to articulate and cultivate further magnitudes such as “shared economy”. Video on demand has become one of the most vital shared-economy play-actors. This study aims to provide valuable information to SVoD industry players, marketers, and producers about the Egyptian consumers’ motivations, preferences, and willingness to subscribe to video-on-demand services. In this regard, the proposed research model has been developed based on its nature on an existing conceptual framework named UTAUT2 and only one independent variable called Content Piracy tackling the research’s problem definition. The present study aims to examine and comprehend such factors; thus, the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) model was applied to better test and explain the factors impacting the Purchase Intention (PI) to subscribe to video-on-demand services. Subsequently, the factors of Performance Expectancy (PE), Effort Expectancy (EE), Social Influence (SI), Facilitating Conditions (FC), Hedonic Motivation (HM), Price Value (PV), Habit (HB), in addition to Content Piracy (CP) were tested by surveying 133 respondents using SurveyMonkey across multiple online channels. It is noteworthy that this study highlighted a comprehensive comparative analysis of industrial practices originating from multiple subscription video-on-demand platforms and the introduction of “Watchit” shortly after Netflix was promoted as the driving force service provider in the Middle East (Hall & Partners, 2018). According to the findings, All the UTAUT2 constructs mentioned above positively influenced consumers’ intention to subscribe to video-on-demand services in Egypt. However, the added variable of content piracy negatively influenced the intention to SVoD platforms in Egypt. As a result of the examination of the obtained data and revealed findings, the market needs and consumer base of video on demand industry could be dramatically increased if industry players consider the factors impacting users’ purchase intention, particularly with the most significant impact, namely; Habit, Hedonic Motivation, and Social Influence, which are discussed methodically in this study.","doi":"10.5539/ijms.v14n1p95","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e9d96a70ddd77d2afbca91f8434da76c8bc74f34","result_position":63,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":234437906,"title":"Understanding motivations to use online streaming services: integrating the technology acceptance model (TAM) and the uses and gratifications theory (UGT)","venue":"Spanish Journal of Marketing - ESIC","year":2020,"authors":["M. Camilleri","L. Falzon"],"abstract":"Purpose\nThe outbreak of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and its preventative social distancing measures have led to a dramatic increase in subscriptions to paid streaming services. Online users are increasingly accessing live broadcasts, as well as recorded video content and digital music services through internet and mobile devices. In this context, this study aims to explore the individuals’ uses and gratifications from online streaming technologies during COVID-19.\n\nDesign/methodology/approach\nThis research has adapted key measures from the “technology acceptance model” (TAM) and from the “uses and gratifications theory” (UGT) to better understand the individuals’ intentions to use online streaming technologies. A structural equations partial least squares’ confirmatory composite approach was used to analyze the gathered data.\n\nFindings\nThe individuals’ perceived usefulness and ease of use of online streaming services were significant antecedents of their intentions to use the mentioned technologies. Moreover, this study suggests that the research participants sought emotional gratifications from online streaming technologies, as they allowed them to distract themselves into a better mood and to relax in their leisure time. Evidently, they were using them to satisfy their needs for information and entertainment.\n\nResearch limitations/implications\nThis study contributes to the academic literature by generating new knowledge about the individuals’ perceptions, motivations and intentions to use online streaming technologies to watch recorded movies, series and live broadcasts.\n\nPractical implications\nThe findings imply that there is scope for the providers of online streaming services to improve their customer-centric marketing by refining the quality and content of their recorded programs and through regular interactions with subscribers and personalized recommender systems.\n\nOriginality/value\nThis study integrates the TAM and UGT frameworks to better understand the effects of the users’ perceptions, ritualized and instrumental motivations on their intentions to continue watching movies, series and broadcasts through online streaming technologies, during COVID-19.\n","doi":"10.1108/sjme-04-2020-0074","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/deedddebccb960532b0334e99f64017db97b8811","result_position":64,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":114644502,"title":"Television production, Funding Models and Exploitation of Content","venue":"","year":2016,"authors":["G. Doyle"],"abstract":"The rise of digital platforms has transformative implications for strategies of financing media production and for exploitation of the economic value in creative content. In the television industry, changes in technologies for distribution and the emergence of SVOD services such as Netflix are gradually shifting audiences and financial power away from broadcasters while at the same time creating unprecedented opportunities for programme-makers. Drawing on findings from recent RCUK-funded research, this article examines how these shifts are affecting production financing and the economics of supplying television content. In particular, it focuses on how changes in the dynamics of rights markets and in strategic approaches towards the financing of television production might mean for markets, industries and for policies intended to support the economic sustainability of independent television content production businesses.","doi":"10.7195/RI14.V14I2.991","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/29a8afc3fce8a5deb5c7f02cff37970247a2b9db","result_position":65,"is_clicked":false}],"string":"[\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 268193326,\n \"title\": \"Authorized and Unauthorized Consumption of SVOD Content: Modeling Determinants of Demand and Measuring Effects of Enforcing Access Control\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ignacio Redondo\",\n \"D. Serrano\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Consumers are attracted by the increasing number of available SVOD platforms, but it would be too expensive to pay the subscription fees for all of them. To reduce costs, consumers can combine the use of proprietary subscriptions, non-proprietary subscriptions, and illegal streaming sites. In turn, platforms could enforce access control, a decision that might produce the desired reduction in non-proprietary subscriptions but also an undesired reduction in proprietary subscriptions. The effects of this decision and the determinants of SVOD content demand remain largely unexplored. We propose a baseline model where the SVOD content demand is driven by variety seeking, household financial situation, ethical evaluation, and social norms, as well as a change model where the subscription variation is driven by users’ trait reactance and perceived fairness of the decision. We conducted a survey on the current ways SVOD content is consumed and responses to a hypothetical access control enforcement, with four randomized versions of the authentication mode. Results confirmed many of the proposed determinants and showed a noteworthy reduction in proprietary subscriptions due to the control enforcement but no effect due to the authentication modes. All these findings may help improve future models of SVOD content consumption and better address the difficult challenge of converting unauthorized users into authorized ones.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/jtaer19010025\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6bf66d669070c190f6e8f39ddfe49289038f42ef\",\n \"result_position\": 0,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 262923352,\n \"title\": \"The Analysis of Determinant Factors Intention to Use Video Streaming: Study Case Customer of Goplay\",\n \"venue\": \"JEMSI (Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, dan Akuntansi)\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Tengku Kespandiar\",\n \"P. Manajemen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The development of the internet, one of which is in the world of entertainment with the emergence of streaming video on demand (SVOD) services, marks the entry into the era of digitalization 4.0. SVOD is an interactive television service that can be watched via the internet. SVOD is one of the forms of entertainment that is increasingly in demand by the public, especially young people. One of the SVOD services that has recently appeared is GoPlay. GoPlay is an application that provides streaming video on demand services, which is similar to other streaming applications. GoPlay is an application launched from Indonesia that was released by a well-known platform in Indonesia, namely GoJek. However, GoPlay has not been able to compete with several other platforms in terms of the number of users. Broadly speaking, there are several competitors that GoPlay cannot compete with in terms of the number of users, namely Netflix, Disney+ Hotstar, and Viu. This phenomenon explains why this research aims to increase the number of GoPlay application users. There are nine hypotheses to be tested in this study. Data will be analyzed using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) with the SMARTPLS 3.2.9 tool. The results of this study show that compatibility has a positive influence on perceived ease of use, relative advantage has a positive influence on perceived usefulness, accessibility has a positive influence on perceived ease of use, and also perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and perceived safety have a positive influence on attitude, while perceived performance risk has a negative influence on attitude. And the results of this study indicate that attitude has a positive influence on the intention to use the GoPlay application.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.35870/jemsi.v9i2.942\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/65f0326c30f0cabee12f75e40c4889b74a47dee6\",\n \"result_position\": 1,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 264149003,\n \"title\": \"The Influence of Perceived Usefulness, Satisfaction, and Personalization on Subscription Video on Demand Continuance Intentions\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Natasya Elora Carissa\",\n \"M. Erlangga\",\n \"Cindy Sonesha Evik\",\n \"Putu Wuri Handayani\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The rapid development of Subscription Video on Demand (SVoD) services in Indonesia makes it promising. The change in consumers’ behavior from watching movies through television channels and cinemas to online streaming has encouraged industry players to look for innovation. The research aims to analyze factors influencing the intention to continue using SVoD with Netflix as the case study. The research combines two theories, namely Information System Success (ISS) Model and Expectation Confirmation Theory (ECT). The research also adds an aspect of personalization which is one of the characteristics of SVoD services. There are 623 respondents who have used Netflix’s SVoD service at least once (purposive sampling) to participate in the research. The data are analyzed using the covariancebased structural equation model and facilitated using AMOS 26 program. The results indicate that service quality has a positive effect on confirmation. Then, system quality has a positive effect on perceived usefulness, and confirmation has a positive effect on satisfaction. Moreover, satisfaction, perceived usefulness, and personalization positively affect continuance intention to use SVoD services. Based on these results, the research is expected to contribute to SVoD service providers to evaluate their services so that users have the intention to continue using the SVoD services.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.21512/commit.v17i2.8446\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f4b5558db257bf605a083b6dc8fca50a6c7bf676\",\n \"result_position\": 2,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 265473432,\n \"title\": \"Streaming towards innovation: Understanding consumer adoption of OTT services through IRT and TAM\",\n \"venue\": \"Cogent Business & Management\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Polisetty\",\n \"G. Sowmya\",\n \"S. Pahari\",\n \"Y. Wu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract The rise of cord-cutting due to technological advancements and internet accessibility has led to an increased interest in understanding the adoption behavior of consumers towards over-the-top services (OTTs). This study aimed to comprehend the barriers to adopting the first wave of OTTs and the innovation characteristics, along with the propagation mechanism, in the second wave, using the Innovation Resistance Theory (IRT) and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), respectively. The study was conducted in India, with 302 and 572 respondents for the first and second waves, respectively. Data were analyzed through confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The findings revealed that value barriers, technology vulnerability barriers, and individual barriers had the highest impact on consumer resistance, negatively impacting continued usage intention. Consumer habits were found to play a conditional role in antagonizing the effects of consumer resistance on continued usage intention. In the second wave, innovation and consumer characteristics had no significant impact on continued usage behavior. Instead, a robust propagation mechanism was explored to overcome consumer resistance and promote innovation. These findings provide valuable insights for OTT service providers and policymakers to promote continued usage intention and overcome consumer resistance.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/23311975.2023.2283917\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/154bac4afcf24e2a0a9ae7a8b6cbb572f62ada2a\",\n \"result_position\": 3,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 222303597,\n \"title\": \"New forms of internationalisation? The impact of Netflix in Australia\",\n \"venue\": \"Media International Australia\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"S. Cunningham\",\n \"Alexa Scarlata\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This article examines the impact of multinational subscription video-on-demand (SVOD) services in Australia, noting the degree to which a stalled policy response to the challenge of unregulated SVOD services has been shaken up by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We look at the phenomenon from a screen-ecological perspective – where dynamics of consumption, reviewing, production and regulation are interdependently and often contradictorily in play. We examine how these diverse, sometimes conflicted, perspectives can be approached as responding to new forms of internationalisation presented principally by the operations of Netflix in Australia (Amazon Prime Video, Disney+ and Apple TV+ are also mentioned when relevant). This article is part of a larger project (ARC Discovery DP190100978 Internet-Distributed Television: Cultural, Industrial and Policy Dynamics, chief investigators Ramon Lobato, Amanda Lotz, Stuart Cunningham) studying the cultural, industrial and policy dynamics of multinational SVOD globally and in situ locally.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1177/1329878x20941173\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ff632dcade89cb5a57dc3cf3e06747bb3758277d\",\n \"result_position\": 4,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 233330939,\n \"title\": \"Hollywood survival strategies in the post-COVID 19 era\",\n \"venue\": \"Humanities and Social Sciences Communications\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Michael Johnson\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Since the arrival of the Coronavirus in the United States, Americans have been forced to quarantine themselves at home in dramatic fashion, unlike almost any other time in the nation’s history. Moreover, the American workforce has been equally impacted by virtue of state-imposed shutdowns that have affected innumerable businesses, including the Hollywood entertainment industry, which is the subject of this research. I examine how commercial entertainment conglomerates like AT&T, Comcast, Disney, ViacomCBS, and Fox have responded to mandatory closures for businesses that employ a human workforce upon whom they rely for their labor, and to human consumers they seek to distribute their film and television commodities to for profit. Using historical and discourse analyses in a political economic theoretical framework, I review contemporary reports about the economic conditions which have influenced the industry’s technological adaptation and innovation and argue that the Hollywood television and film industries will capitalize upon this current public health crisis as a motivator to adopt streaming platforms as the new preferred distribution mechanism of entertainment long after COVID 19 is a memory. This qualitative research examines the technological adaptations employed by these entertainment conglomerates to analyze (1) how the transition to streaming video on demand has occurred, and evaluates (2) what the adoption of these survival strategies mean for Hollywood’s long-term economic future and survival in a “digitally competitive” (Smith and Telang, 2017) marketplace.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1057/s41599-021-00776-z\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/caaf85a1396b01827162c51b6a0aeb77682b5def\",\n \"result_position\": 5,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 277864951,\n \"title\": \"Evidence of Diseconomies of Scale in Subscription-Based Video on Demand Services: The Case of Netflix\",\n \"venue\": \"IEEE Access\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"G. Szalkowski\",\n \"Christian Johansen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This study provides evidence of diseconomies of scale in Netflix, a major subscription-based video-on-demand (SVOD) service provider. This challenges the common belief in prevalent economies of scale for such e-businesses. Our analysis is based on a comprehensive dataset, where we have collected and combined publicly available and audited financial data, primarily sourced from Netflix’s 10-K reports. A second contribution of this study is the user-cost models employed in our analysis—specifically, a baseline linear model, a power law model, an exponential model, and a logarithmic model. Despite their clear relevance, such models are largely absent from discussions on SVOD business models, a gap we address and exemplify here. Applying these mathematical models to Netflix’s financial data reveals a super-linear increase in costs relative to user growth, indicating rising per-user costs characteristic of diseconomies of scale. Management strategies differ significantly between firms operating under the assumption of economies of scale and those experiencing diseconomies of scale—an important distinction, particularly as firm size increases. Our findings offer critical insights into SVOD service scalability, challenging prevailing assumptions and informing expectations about cost dynamics in this industry.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3561718\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9329a9653c585a0ed7fac210ea6b555e0b8a85eb\",\n \"result_position\": 6,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 233549703,\n \"title\": \"Factors affecting consumers’ willingness to subscribe to over-the-top (OTT) video streaming services in India\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Samala Nagaraj\",\n \"S. Singh\",\n \"Venkat Kalyan Reddy Yasa\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract Purpose The introduction of Over-the-Top (OTT) video streaming services through national and international providers like Netflix, Amazon Prime, etc. has changed consumer behaviour towards entertainment subscription. The study aims to identify the reasons for subscribing and not subscribing to OTT services. The main objective is to test the factors affecting consumers' OTT subscription decisions. Design/methodology/approach One hundred and sixty-eight responses were collected through snowball sampling technique and three hundred responses through Mturk. Consumers are categorized into three groups having only cable/DTH services, only OTT, and having both cable & OTT. The study adopted a cross-sectional descriptive approach. Findings Fourteen reasons for subscribing and eleven reasons for not subscribing were identified and reported. Five factors, i.e., content, convenience, features, price & quality were extracted using Exploratory Factor Analysis. The effect of these five factors along with demographics of age, education, occupation is tested on subscription decisions using a logistic regression analysis. All the five factors affected consumer's decisions along with price inversely. Household structure was the major influencer along with age, occupation, and education. Originality/value The study not only comprehensively attempted to identify the reasons for subscribing and not subscribing OTT services, but also identified five major factors and their effect on consumers’ online subscription preferences. The context of the study is the Indian OTT service market which is highly heterogenous and therefore, this descriptive research provides useful insights to the OTT streaming service providers operating in this competitive space.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/J.TECHSOC.2021.101534\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d95007f95afe0d92d001ab36a031f2eadfacbc3f\",\n \"result_position\": 7,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 264094146,\n \"title\": \"Public service television in the age of subscription video on demand: Shifting TV audience expectations in the UK during COVID-19\",\n \"venue\": \"Media, Culture & Society\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Catherine Johnson\",\n \"Lauren Dempsey\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This article asks how the rise in use of SVOD in the United Kingdom during 2020 impacted people’s expectations of public service television (PSTV). Drawing on 56 qualitative interviews with 28 UK participants conducted in 2019 and 2020, the article uses the COVID-19 lockdown to explore how disruption to the context of viewing might shape the cultural meanings people attach to PSTV. Challenging dominant approaches that measure audience assessments of public service media (PSM) against normative criteria, this article focuses instead on the processes through which people’s cultural meanings about PSTV are formed. Examining the interplay of their encounters with, expectations and evaluations of television, it reveals the divergent meanings our participants brought to linear and on-demand television. The article concludes by examining the implications of these expectations for PSM policy and for the ways in which we research people’s viewing experiences and choices amidst the rise of VOD.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1177/01634437231203875\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6959b009642515a4f784c0727ea13d75e631a028\",\n \"result_position\": 8,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 272396554,\n \"title\": \"The Influence Of User Experience, E-Service Quality, And E-Trust Mediated By E-Satisfaction On E-Loyalty: Customers Subscription Video On Demand (Svod)\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Social Science\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Helen Karmelia\",\n \"Kandi Sofia Senastri Dahlan\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Currently in the digital era, the internet plays a very important role in supporting and making it easier for people to carry out their daily activities through various technologies. One of the benefits of the internet in the entertainment sector is being able to watch movies or online shows and streaming subscription videos, besides that this activity is one of the most popular activities in the community that is carried out during and after the pandemic.\\nThis study aims to analyze the influence of User Experience, (E-Service Quality), E-Trust, mediated by E-Satisfaction, on E-Loyalty on Subscription Video on Demand (SVOD) customers during the Covid-19 pandemic to after the Covid-19 pandemic in the Greater Jakarta area.\\nThis study is a quantitative study by collecting 278 samples. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires online and the scale used was the Likert scale. The data analysis technique used is Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with Smartpls 3.0 software.\\nThe results of this study show that User Experience has a significant influence on E-Satisfaction and E-Loyalty, E-Service Quality has a significant influence on E-Satisfaction directly but does not have a significant influence on E-Loyalty directly, E-Trust has a significant influence on E-Satisfaction directly but does not have a significant influence on E-Loyalty directly, and E-Satisfaction has a significant influence on E-Satisfaction directly, and E-Satisfaction has a significant influence on E-Satisfaction and E-Loyalty. significant influence on E-Loyalty. E-Satisfaction has succeeded in mediating between User Experience, E-Service Quality, and E-Trust with E-Loyalty.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.57185/joss.v3i9.362\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c737c553cafa2472030c0f078243015df7de4e1c\",\n \"result_position\": 9,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 261420124,\n \"title\": \"Not just Netflix: Interventions of Korea's domestic streamers\",\n \"venue\": \"International journal of cultural studies\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jennifer M. Kang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Korean video culture has changed from a broadcast-focused culture into a diversified experience that includes a variety of videos from both domestic and global streaming services. Contrary to the mainstream view that Netflix is at the centre of all changes, this study positions the domestic streamers’ original content as not necessarily a direct response to Netflix but indicative of the many changes that were already occurring in the local media landscape. Their content has adapted to fit viewers’ changing lifestyles and desire for stories not seen on television. Efficient everyday storytelling fits into viewers’ busy commuter lifestyles and features mundane topics that they can easily identify with. Also, the domestic streamers cater to small, underserved audiences with regard to specific topics avoided by traditional media. Thus, the original content of domestic streamers indicates that they offer different value propositions than formulaic romance stories by broadcasters and the high-end, large-scale original dramas of subscription video on demand (SVOD).\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1177/13678779231197695\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fd06c1bf311c7c147f848e4e0c3a83f5177b71cf\",\n \"result_position\": 10,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 263170266,\n \"title\": \"The Analysis of User Intention to Subscribe Netflix Using UTAUT Framework\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Information System, Technology and Engineering\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Saufi\",\n \"Agus Rofi’i\",\n \"Dede Ridho Firdaus\",\n \"Stkip Pgri Banjarmasin\",\n \"U. Majalengka\",\n \"Uin Sultan\",\n \"Maulana Hasanuddin Banten\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In addition to assessing the degree of satisfaction with the services offered by the streaming application to its customers, this study seeks to identify the elements that motivate streaming application users in Indonesia to renew their subscriptions in the coming months. The research model employed in this study is the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2), which also includes variables for content, ethics, and morality in addition to the variables for the expectation-confirmation model (ECM), specifically satisfaction and intention to continue. This study uses a quantitative method with data analysis using the PLS-SEM method with the help of SmartPLS. According to the study's findings, a number of factors influence how likely users of streaming applications are to renew their subscriptions in the months to come, including content, performance expectations, facilitating conditions, hedonic incentive, price value, habit, morals, and ethics. The findings of this study are anticipated to be taken into account when streaming applications decide whether or not to expand in Indonesia.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.61487/jiste.v1i1.10\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/757f0dae548af21144e6317769f10f444c7f0366\",\n \"result_position\": 11,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 278225554,\n \"title\": \"User Experiences in Over-The-Top (OTT) Streaming Media Platform Services\",\n \"venue\": \"Qubahan Academic Journal\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"P. R\",\n \"S. S\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Understanding user experiences on Over-the-Top (OTT) platforms is vital as these services continue to transform digital entertainment consumption. This study investigates user experiences in “Over-the-Top” (OTT) streaming media platform services, focusing on the interplay between user behavior, influencer credibility, user satisfaction, and continuous intention to use. A quantitative approach was employed, utilizing data from 384 respondents across four major OTT platforms: Netflix, Hulu, Amazon Prime Video, and Disney+. Current studies focus on user engagement without a framework of content recommendations and strategies for marketing. The majority of research on initial adoption intentions lacks an entire model that includes technological, social, and psychological aspects. Influencer marketing's immediate effect on OTT subscriptions has been little examined, mostly in e-commerce situations. To fill these gaps, our research applies stratified random sampling to select OTT customers by age, gender, and consumption frequency. Therefore, the study minimises demographic biases and enhances generalisability. The research finds that influencer credibility has a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.62) with user behaviour, confirming the significant role of social media influencers in influencing user interactions with OTT platforms. Moreover, findings indicate a perfect positive correlation (r = 1.00) between user satisfaction and user experience, highlighting satisfaction as a critical determinant of overall user perception. In addition, the study reveals that continuous intention to use OTT platforms displays a strong positive beta coefficient (0.95), indicating that active users typically describe outstanding overall experiences. The novelty of the study consists of the establishment of a viewer classification framework that divides users based on behavioural patterns, offering useful information for content personalisation and targeted marketing. OTT user adoption and engagement are examined thoroughly through social impact, personalisation, and habit building within the TAM model. This research addresses gaps in theory and practice, helping OTT platforms improve user experiences and loyalty.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48161/qaj.v5n2a1600\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0100d09c4dc6bb8eb979f3913566320b6c7230bd\",\n \"result_position\": 12,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 247215235,\n \"title\": \"Assessing the factors influencing the adoption of over-the-top streaming platforms: A literature review from 2007 to 2021\",\n \"venue\": \"Telematics and informatics\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"T. Mulla\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.tele.2022.101797\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/744f7833c08f7303aa5669edccdd18b7b517ac36\",\n \"result_position\": 13,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 257464015,\n \"title\": \"Adoption and Usage of Over-the-Top Entertainment Services\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"H. Vaidya\",\n \"Semila Fernandes\",\n \"R. Panda\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Over-the-top (OTT) is the name of media entertainment services delivered over the internet, bypassing traditional mediums. The consumer preference for OTT entertainment platforms is increasing at a fast rate and is showing promising signs for the future, so it is important to understand the extent of existing literature. This study is a thematic literature review undertaken to identify and highlight key themes related to the adoption and usage of OTT entertainment services. It includes a thorough literature review of 94 research articles sampled systematically. This study will highlight the widely researched themes and the lesser-focused areas of study within the realm of over-the-top entertainment adoption and usage. Adoption and usage of OTT entertainment services, the shift in the medium of consumption, and the impact of OTT entertainment services on related technologies are some of the primary themes identified in the study. This study will provide critical insights and valuable knowledge to industry players and guide academicians for future research opportunities.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.4018/ijsesd.319718\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/54ccc655b2fd7384bd31dedaf9512f568965f891\",\n \"result_position\": 14,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 265654172,\n \"title\": \"SVoDs, new norms and the challenge for public service media\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Digital Media & Policy\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Gillian Doyle\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The growing popularity of subscription video-on-demand services (SVoDs) has transformed the European media landscape, re-shaped consumption habits, fragmented audiences and made it more difficult for public service media (PSM) organizations to engage especially younger audiences. This article analyses challenges, such as competing against the immense commissioning power of SVoDs, faced by PSM. Focusing particularly on the UK experience, it highlights how, despite the growing prevalence and popularity of SVoDs and their role in promoting wider circulation for material drawn from a variety of international sources, PSM organizations are still recognized by audiences and by television programme-makers as being pivotal to provision of certain sorts of quintessentially local content. As this article argues, the rise of global streamers has both accentuated and altered the ways in which PSM deliver public value, effectively re-positioning PSM as elements of what might be seen as critical media infrastructure.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1386/jdmp_00130_1\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7313276c2d408d9b7874ba5333719c8c3675056d\",\n \"result_position\": 15,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 263313900,\n \"title\": \"Conceptualization and Survey Instrument Development for Over-the-Top Platforms' Usability\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Aycan Pekpazar\",\n \"M. Coskun\",\n \"C. A. Gumussoy\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"OTT (over-the-top) streaming is a subscription-based video service model that delivers video-on-demand content, films, and series directly to end-users over the Internet, bypassing the need for traditional satellite receiver systems. The most popular OTT service providers include Netflix, Hulu, Amazon Prime, and Disney+. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the viewership rates and subscriber numbers for OTT platforms rapidly increased. Like various other products and systems, usability problems can substantially impact user satisfaction, loyalty, and the intention to continue using OTT services. Therefore, this study aimed to conceptualize the usability of OTT platforms and develop an OTT Usability Measurement Scale for the usability evaluation of OTT platforms based on the Apple tvOS Guidelines and the literature. OTT platform usability was conceptualized with nine constructs, including Accessibility and Customization, Account Management, Data Entry and Search, Branding, Privacy, Navigation, Help, Content, and Design, and the concepts were measured with a scale including 48 items. The validity of the developed scale was tested through two separate survey studies conducted with Netflix web application users. The first survey involved 650 participants. At this stage, an exploratory factor analysis was used to evaluate the scale’s measurement properties, and the developed factor structure was confirmed. In the second stage, a survey with 600 participants was conducted, and a confirmatory factor analysis was applied to validate the scale properties. Furthermore, a nomological validation of the developed scale was performed, examining the relationship between the acquired OTT factors and elements such as continued intention to use, satisfaction, and brand loyalty. As a result of the nomological validation, it was observed that the privacy and design factors significantly affected each of the three dependent variables.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/jtaer18040089\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/38bd0d76ef790e8d250044a7f7d40a2b58307bea\",\n \"result_position\": 16,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 249362882,\n \"title\": \"From Parochialism to Cosmopolitanism in the American Audiovisual Supply? Netflix’s New Releases of Television Fiction in the United States and their Geographical Diversity\",\n \"venue\": \"Anagramas Rumbos y Sentidos de la Comunicación\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"José-Carlos Lozano\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The supply of films and TV series in the United States has been historically dominated by national programming produced by its powerful media conglomerates, significantly limiting the diversity and plurality of choices for their American viewers. Netflix and other video-on-demandplatforms are changing this situation, significantly increasing the availability in the United States of fiction produced in different regions of the world, potentially exposing their subscribers to new narrative styles, scenarios, ethnicities, nationalities, languages, and cultural features. This study, based on the methodology of content analysis, analyzes the geographical origin and production type of new Netflix scripted television releases in the United States from January 2017 to June 2018 and discusses their potential relevance in broadening the degree of geographical diversity among American subscribers to the platform. The paper concludes that while Netflix USA substantially increased the supply of foreign television series in its catalog during that period, a sizeable part of the imports came from countries with high degrees of “cultural proximity” with the United States. The article concludes by discussing the possible “Americanization” of foreign audiovisual productions, formats, and genres bought or produced by Netflix.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.22395/angr.v20n40a9\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bf7cf45a643bc36031b7abecb544305185b06a80\",\n \"result_position\": 17,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 261648278,\n \"title\": \"Analyzing differences in customer satisfaction on the video streaming platform Netflix\",\n \"venue\": \"Annals of Management and Organization Research\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Shun-Hsing Chen\",\n \"Yang-Ju Chen\",\n \"W. Leung\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Purpose: With the rise of online video streaming platforms and the preventive measures taken during the COVID-19 pandemic, staying at home has become the preferred choice for people. As a result, online video streaming platforms, one of the components of the home economy, have experienced rapid growth. Netflix is a subscription-based service that offers movies and TV shows, delivering media content to subscribers through internet streaming. Research methodology: This study utilizes the Importance-Satisfaction Model (I-S Model) as a research tool to explore customer satisfaction levels. Through literature review and expert confirmation, 16 key quality factors were identified for conducting importance and satisfaction surveys among Netflix customers. Additionally, demographic variables such as gender, marital status, education level, occupation, and age were analyzed for differences in the Importance-Satisfaction Model. Results: The study reveals that out of the overall Importance-Satisfaction Model, 2 factors fall in the \\\"Improveme+nt area\\\", 9 factors fall in the \\\"Excellent area \\\", 4 factors fall in the \\\"Careless area \\\", and 1 factor falls in the \\\"Surplus area \\\". Limitations: The respondents were not randomly selected from all OTT video platform users, and furthermore, due to limitations in the distribution channels of the questionnaire, the age range of the respondents in this study was concentrated in high school, college, and young working groups. Contribution: These findings indicate that consumers are generally satisfied with the service quality provided by Netflix.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.35912/amor.v4i3.1554\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2cc79972f2ee5ba393cb95600831739d37e45910\",\n \"result_position\": 18,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 261980159,\n \"title\": \"Multiple Relationships between Streaming and Linear TV: Examining Media Substitution Theory Using Big Data\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Takayuki Yamatsu\",\n \"Sang-gil Lee\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"ABSTRACT With the prevalence of connected TV, streaming is replacing linear TV while expanding its functionality. To structurally explain this replacement based on functional similarity, we applied two-way fixed-effects regression to log data from 197,273 smart TVs in Japan from July 2019 to June 2022. Results showed that professional videos on demand primarily substituted linear TV’s recorded viewing, dramas, and movies, whereas substitution by YouTube was broader. Catch-up streaming substituted recorded viewing while complementing viewing without recording. These multiple relationships support the applicability of media substitution theory and foreshadow that functional expansion of streaming would further contribute to linear TV’s replacement.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/08838151.2023.2250039\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a64ecac1879006c9756e85b96645b394e0cb82d2\",\n \"result_position\": 19,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 261923215,\n \"title\": \"Drivers of Customers Advocacy in Support of Subscription-based Digital Entertainment Services (NETFLIX)\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Current Science Research and Review\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [],\n \"abstract\": \"Subscription business models are increasingly gaining attention in recent year, especially entertainment services such as music subscription, streaming TV/movies and video games. One of the service platform that comes to mind is Netflix, a subscription-based video streaming service. Video on demand streaming service currently competing each other quite aggresively where these provider competing by providing different series that exclusively only available on their services or with different versatile pricing package in hope to attract new subscribers while retaining it’s existing subscribers. This call for new strategy for Netflix to maintain it’s position in competition. This research examines the relationship between customer empowerment values and customer advocacy in relation to a digital platform subscription-based consumption. A quantitative approach was employed by conducting a survey of 110 user of Netflix in Indonesia. Data collected was subsequently analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) in order to test the formulated hypothesis. The research resulted in an understanding that value-for-choice, value-for-knowledge and value-for-involvement are significant predictors of customer advocacy of the platform. The findings suggest that Customer advocacy is primarily influenced by the level of product choice and convenience also reliable information and privacy security also constitute important elements for providers to deliver in order to promote advocacy behavior from customers using the platform.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.47191/ijcsrr/v6-i9-18\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b5b3c226b1103fd60e3dbb3c2023649fa0145120\",\n \"result_position\": 20,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 266081376,\n \"title\": \"Streaming Queer Content: LGBTQ Media on BVOD and SVOD Services in Australia\",\n \"venue\": \"Television & New Media\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Whitney Monaghan\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This article analyzes the strategies through which Broadcast Video on Demand (BVOD) and Subscription Video on Demand (SVOD) services make queer titles available and discoverable to users. While streaming video services operate globally and the issue of LGBTQ inclusion is not solely a national one, Australia’s complex history of LGBTQ representation in film and television offers a unique context to explore these issues. This article asks: How is queer content categorized and promoted on BVOD and SVOD services in Australia? How easily discovered is this content? And how does this impact the visibility and inclusion of LGBTQ identities within the Australian screen media landscape? Drawing on critical librarianship and catalog analysis, this article reveals discrepancies between curated categories and search results, the failure of search tools to recognize language associated with LGBTQ identities, and the obscuring of queer content within streaming video libraries.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1177/15274764231217106\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/20afb2d0abfe32d2429ff731ab9c26ae6932d840\",\n \"result_position\": 21,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 270106607,\n \"title\": \"Mermaids and bin chickens: Australian teenagers’ engagement with screen stories in the on-demand age\",\n \"venue\": \"Media International Australia\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Anna Potter\",\n \"C. Archer-Lean\",\n \"Phoebe Macrossan\",\n \"H. Beazley\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Australian teenagers have grown up with abundant choices in digital screen entertainment including social media, gaming, and global streaming video services such as Netflix. This participatory audience study investigates how, why and to what extent Australian teenagers engage with drama and movies in their daily lives, including Australian stories. The research findings show that Australian teens enjoy watching long-form screen stories on their favourite streaming services and that on-demand delivery is critical to their viewing preferences. Although many remember with affection the Australian drama they watched as children, teens now place a low priority on a screen story being Australian. A sophisticated audience that particularly values diverse and inclusive representation, teens’ deprioritising of Australian content – and linear television – has profound implications for policy, for Australian screen production and for public service broadcasters the Australian Broadcasting Corporation and the Special Broadcasting Service.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1177/1329878X241254234\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e5480c7f34d8085130045a534da5f952d82ebb8e\",\n \"result_position\": 22,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 258835444,\n \"title\": \"A Study on Satisfaction and Continuous Use Intention of OTT Platform Digital Content Provision Service - Based on Value Based Acceptance Model\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of system and management sciences\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Soo-Yeon Yoon\",\n \"Y. Chun\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \". As the commercialization of 5G Internet technology began, the development of download and streaming technologies also rapidly increased, and OTT platforms entered the market in earnest. In this study, based on the value-based acceptance model, the factors that can be expected for the OTT platform digital content service were studied. In addition, the factors influencing the perceived value of OTT services on satisfaction and intention to continue using were studied. The impact of path coefficients on convenience, usefulness, playability, security risks, technical risks, and cost risks that affect the perceived value of OTT digital content services was analyzed through SPSS ver. 23. In addition, the t value (1.96 or more) and the significance probability p value of 0.05 or less will be judged. In addition, through a causal relationship analysis of the digital content provision service that is most used among overseas/domestic OTT platforms, factors that domestic and foreign OTT platform digital content providers should improve or enhance were presented.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.33168/jsms.2023.0233\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c9e2572c4fd8481ff38cc3b5c4fde1599cd6c2e6\",\n \"result_position\": 23,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 255038412,\n \"title\": \"(Main)streaming English Dubs\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of audiovisual translation\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"L. Hayes\",\n \"A. Bolaños-García-Escribano\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"With ‘original’ content from a growing diversity of languages, Netflix has become a playground for audiovisual translation. Given that Netflix outsources its localisation, it has been able to rely on practitioners in consolidated industries to create revoiced and subtitled versions that adhere to industry conventions. Although subtitling has long been the consolidated mode for localising mainstream audiovisual products (films and series) into English, Netflix has initiated new trends in an Anglophone dubbing industry traditionally reserved for niche products, by bringing the dubbing of foreign-language mainstream products into the distribution mainstream. The illusory novelty of English dubs, debuted at the turn of 2017 on Netflix, has facilitated experimentation in dubbing strategies. In the burgeoning English-dubbing industries, located mainly in Los Angeles and London, standardisation, domestication and foreignisation strategies are being used (Hayes 2021; 2022). In order to elucidate emerging norms in English-dubbing strategies, in this article we present a corpus of Netflix’s English dubs of 82 Castilian-Spanish films and TV series and analyse the main dubbing strategies adopted by the studios involved.\\nLay summary\\nNetflix has original series and films in many languages and the need to translate these into other languages has led to Netflix experimenting with different ways of translating content, such as by creating subtitles or dubbed versions (replacing the original dialogues with voices speaking another language). For importing “foreign” content (e.g. Spanish productions) into the English language, subtitling has traditionally been the mode of translation used for films and series, but dubbing has also been used for products such as cartoons and videogames. As Netflix outsources translation, they have been able to rely on professionals in well-established translation industries; however, in the case of translating into English, dubbing live-action has generally presented a new challenge for English-language translation professionals. Furthermore, most viewers of English dubs were previously unfamiliar with dubbing. Therefore, experimentation in English-dubbing strategies has been possible. Netflix’s English dubs utilise different accents (e.g. standard, regional or foreign) depending on different variables, such as the country where the dubbed version was created or the dubbing director. In this article, we have analysed 82 Spanish films and series on Netflix and their English dubs, in order to determine the presence different accent strategies and developing trends. The films and series studied were released on Netflix between 2017 and 2021 and were available on the platform in Ireland and UK throughout 2021. We ultimately draw conclusions that reveal our observations on current practices in English-language dubbing.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.47476/jat.v5i2.2022.211\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/36eeea3f802f135f7327386512d91cc03b523632\",\n \"result_position\": 24,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 261418493,\n \"title\": \"‘They are now pocket videos, not home videos’: Streaming and reconfiguration of video consumption in Nigeria\",\n \"venue\": \"International journal of cultural studies\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"G. Simon\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This article examines how streaming is altering established viewing practices that traditionally characterised video film consumption among domestic Nigerians. Following the creation of the Nigerian video industry (Nollywood) as a straight-to-video film industry, audiences watched movies solely through the technologies of television sets and video players. The fluid and opaque circulation of video copies located audience consumption practices within informal realms and communal spaces. This article analyses how streaming is catalysing a distinctive viewing culture in Nigeria. It argues that streaming is formalising access to Nollywood movies, upending the communal practices associated with legacy video viewing, and fostering an individualised viewing culture though some informal communal practices persist in the streaming ecosystem. By emphasising the role of smartphones and apps in the emergent streaming culture, this article demonstrates how streaming is restructuring the temporal, spatial, and affective features of audience engagements that traditionally characterised movies viewing in Nigeria.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1177/13678779231197697\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/518b2ec63404abcc722a0f9b633fc62e3d822f72\",\n \"result_position\": 25,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 235558907,\n \"title\": \"NETFLIX: CULTURAL DIVERSITY OR CULTURAL IMPERIALISM?\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"K. Salsabila\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The global rise of Netflix as subscription video-on-demand (SVOD) has emerged along with its capitalization of film, television, and technology industry for the audience's convenience. It replaces the interest of local television with its claim of 'a global TV network' with cultural diversity in its contents. However, the term cultural diversity itself should be questioned whether it means to leave the American cultural power or it is only to claim themselves as a global company where global identity is represented in their identity to attract a wider audience. By using transnational approach, this study finds the use of cultural diversity merely to fulfill the demand of the American audience, with several globalization consequences in Netflix Original series, especially in non-American series. Those consequences are the homogenization in European-made Netflix series, where they appear to be fully Americanized with American lifestyle or American perspective, and heterogenization in Asian-made Netflix series with its collaboration of Asian culture and American popular culture. The claim of a 'global TV network' itself does not leave the American cultural power. Instead, they are taking advantage of the cultural power to retain the existing audiences and to fascinate more audiences. Therefore, the dependency of non-American producers in relying on Netflix platform as a way to reach global audience, even the use of Americanization to their works for global audience's satisfaction, confirms the cultural power of America in its ability to bring economic advancement to other countries.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.22146/RUBIKON.V8I1.65480\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/68f69268eaccfbe1087930a58a89e46d32ae2ab3\",\n \"result_position\": 26,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 219004883,\n \"title\": \"From Netflix to Movistar+: How Subscription Video-on-Demand Services Have Transformed Spanish TV Production\",\n \"venue\": \"JCMS: Journal of Cinema and Media Studies\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Deborah Castro\",\n \"Concepción Cascajosa\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1353/cj.2020.0019\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/167d3e644a3cf52f2eb8cbfdaa34018e0729bdde\",\n \"result_position\": 27,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 244122294,\n \"title\": \"Economics at the FCC 2020–21: Closing the Connectivity Gap, COVID-19 and Telehealth, Spectrum Auctions, Communications Marketplace Report, and Economic Research\",\n \"venue\": \"Review of Industrial Organization\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Allison Baker\",\n \"Patrick Brogan\",\n \"Patrick DeGraba\",\n \"Judith A. Dempsey\",\n \"M. Janson\",\n \"Paul Lafontaine\",\n \"Cher Li\",\n \"Kim Makuch\",\n \"C. Matraves\",\n \"Martha Stancill\",\n \"Donald K. Stockdale\",\n \"Glenn Woroch\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The U.S. Federal Communications Commission is responsible for regulation in the communications marketplace and for management of the nation’s non-federal radio frequency spectrum. During the past year, FCC economists assisted in the development of initiatives that were aimed at closing the connectivity gap which proved especially critical in light of the COVID-19 pandemic; contributed to the Commission’s extensive responses to COVID-19; were involved in various spectrum auctions; evaluated competition in the communications marketplace in the 2020 Communications Marketplace Report; and published a series of working papers.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s11151-021-09846-7\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/02fc2ab05025524f601c2887b9421de2fdc9225f\",\n \"result_position\": 28,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 239087829,\n \"title\": \"Youthification of television through online media: Production strategies and narrative choices in DRUCK/SKAM Germany\",\n \"venue\": \"Critical Studies in Television\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Florian Krauß\",\n \"Moritz Stock\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This article discusses online media’s contribution to the youthification of television through the case study of DRUCK (tr. Pressure, 2018–), the German format adaptation of SKAM (tr. Shame, 2015–17). Youthification is understood as the television industry’s attempts to reach and win back teen and tween viewers with strategies in production, representations, aesthetics and distribution. In DRUCK, online media are integral to the youthification in all these strategies. Our multifaceted analysis of this serial combines perspectives from media industry studies to investigate production strategies, sociological analysis of film and television to examine the thematic and narrative choices and theories of transmedia storytelling to make sense of the specific distribution choices.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1177/17496020211044821\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/21316d12b2d425ea165a7aa7244c58c3bbf2f782\",\n \"result_position\": 29,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 228834479,\n \"title\": \"The Impact of Over-the-Top Television Services on Pay-Television Subscription Services in South Africa\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market and Complexity\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Nokuphiwa Udoakpan\",\n \"R. Tengeh\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Globally, developments and innovations in television technology, including the launch and growth of over-the-top television services (OTT TV), have affected traditional pay-TV operators’ ability to grow a subscriber base and retain existing customers. Despite attempts made by the Independent Communications Authority of South Africa (ICASA) to ascertain the impact of the OTT TV on pay-TV services, the results have remained inconclusive. In the absence of a comprehensive assessment and credible evidence, this paper sought to ascertain the impact that OTT TV services have on traditional pay-TV services in South Africa. A quantitative research method was adopted using a non-probability sampling technique for data collection. A total of 391 responses were collected utilising an online survey questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistics on IBM® SPSS® version 26. The main findings of the study showed that OTT TV services are a complementary service to pay-TV services as opposed to a substitute. Low-income earners are using free/paid mobile applications to consume TV content, and for those who have neither OTT TV nor pay-TV services, free-to-air services are the preferred platform for TV consumption. This study benefits all stakeholders in digital media and business strategy, as well as marketing students.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/joitmc6040139\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e557d1afe9dd1f97b4bae0781553eb7a436accfd\",\n \"result_position\": 30,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 220505227,\n \"title\": \"What does it take to survive in a digital world? Resource-based theory and strategic change in the TV industry\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Cultural Economics\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ricarda Schauerte\",\n \"Stéphanie Feiereisen\",\n \"A. Malter\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s10824-020-09389-x\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/72180331ed51c3a9b5dabb5db593c418716147fe\",\n \"result_position\": 31,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 195819634,\n \"title\": \"How streaming services make cinema more important\",\n \"venue\": \"Nordic Journal of Media Studies\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Terje Gaustad\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract The technocultural disruption triggered by digitization has radically changed the way in which we consume films outside cinemas and transformed content providers’ business models. In Norway, between 2010 and 2016, DVD/Bluray and subscription-based streaming services switched places as major and minor platforms for home video consumption. Hence, home video consumption has migrated from a high-yielding platform at the head of the home video release cycle to a low-yielding platform at the tail end, where films also face tougher competition from drama series and international content tends to surpass local content. A case study of the earnings generated by local films released by a major distributor in this period suggests that home video revenues have diminished, making local films much more dependent on theatrical revenues and vulnerable to changes in cinema-going behaviour.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.2478/njms-2019-0005\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b5c5933df02651bae8c633e5f05a411f3b5537ac\",\n \"result_position\": 32,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 213084135,\n \"title\": \"Television Reshaped by Big Data: Impacts and implications for Netflix-like platforms in the age of dataism\",\n \"venue\": \"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FILM AND MEDIA ARTS\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"C. Quico\",\n \"Cicant Film\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Television was born analogue, almost 100 years ago: first broadcast across airwaves, then deliv - ered via analogue cable and satellite, to reach millions and millions of people around the world. Like many other industries, television has been under the process of digital transformation, in - tegrating digital technologies in all parts of its value chain, from content production to content distribution. Today, inseparable from the digital transformation process is the large, diverse and ever-growing volume of data created, captured, analyzed and applied – also known as Big Data. Television is being reshaped by Big Data, with newcomers to the industry such as Netflix lead - ing the way, for others to follow - and for others to fail. The concepts of Platform Capitalism, Surveillance Capitalism and Dataism may illumi - nate many of the challenges faced by the main stakeholders in the television industry, with im - plications that go much beyond this field. Lastly, Netflix’s impact on the production, distribution and consumption of audiovisual content is still to be understood in a small market such as Portugal: the current exploratory paper is also meant to be the basis of future research in Por - tugal about internet-distributed television.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.24140/ijfma.v4.n1.04\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/619327846d7103f0c577b80dcfa58ede31a2140c\",\n \"result_position\": 33,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 197645045,\n \"title\": \"Accounting for Innovations in Consumer Digital Services: IT still matters\",\n \"venue\": \"Finance and Economics Discussion Series\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [],\n \"abstract\": \"This paper develops a framework for measuring digital services in the face of ongoing innovations in the delivery of content to consumers. We capture what Brynjolfsson and Saunders (2009) call \\\"free goods\\\" as the capital services generated by connected consumers' stocks of IT digital goods, a service flow that augments the existing measure of personal consumption in GDP. Its value is determined by the intensity with which households use their IT capital to consume content delivered over networks, and its volume depends on the quality of the IT capital. Consumers pay for delivery services, however, and the complementarity between device use and network use enables us to develop a quality-adjusted price measure for the access services already included in GDP. Our new estimates imply that accounting for innovations in consumer content delivery matters: The innovations boost consumer surplus by nearly $1,800 (2017 dollars) per connected user per year for the full period of this study (1987 to 2017) and contribute more than 1/2 percentage point to US real GDP growth during the last ten. All told, our more complete accounting of innovations is (conservatively) estimated to have moderated the post-2007 GDP growth slowdown by nearly .3 percentage points per year. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)\",\n \"doi\": \"10.17016/feds.2019.049\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5a869c7eb5614f0e99f0145dd54c81835869a104\",\n \"result_position\": 34,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 33331549,\n \"title\": \"Survey of Catch-up TV and other time-shift services: a comprehensive analysis and taxonomy of linear and nonlinear television\",\n \"venue\": \"Telecommunications Systems\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Abreu\",\n \"João Nogueira\",\n \"Valdecir Becker\",\n \"Bernardo Cardoso\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/S11235-016-0157-3\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0500d50ba35a4f2185327f48c3e72ff18349f80a\",\n \"result_position\": 35,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 56263708,\n \"title\": \"Digital Media Platforms and the Use of TV Content: Binge Watching and Video-on-Demand in Germany\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"L. Mikos\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The advancing digitalization and media convergence demands TV broadcasting companies to adjust their content to various platforms and distribution channels. The internet, as convergent carrier medium, is increasingly taking on a central role for additional media. Classical linear TV is still important, but for some audiences it has been developing from a primary medium to a secondary medium. Owing to the growing melding of classical-linear TV contents with online offerings (e.g. video-on-demand platforms or Web–TV), a great dynamic can be seen which has triggered numerous discussions about the future of TV for some time now. This article will summarize the results of two different audience studies. Film and television shows are meanwhile distributed online via Video-on-Demand platforms such as Netflix or Amazon Prime Video. The first audience study has dealt with the use of VoD-platforms in Germany investigating user rituals, user motivation to watch films and TV shows on these platforms, and the meaning of VoD in everyday life. Most of the participants in this study reported that they mainly watch TV drama series at Netflix or Amazon Prime. Therefore, the second audience study focused the online use of television drama series of individuals and couples elaborating the phenomenon of binge watching. In relating the audience practice to the new structures of the television market the article will shed light on the future of television.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.17645/MAC.V4I3.542\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d7658ffcde1d393e0b60fd57a66d6d5aad7c1130\",\n \"result_position\": 36,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 278427477,\n \"title\": \"Explaining subscription intention for video streaming platforms in China: Integrating the UTAUT2 model, perceived value theory, and S-O-R theory\",\n \"venue\": \"PLoS ONE\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Tong Wu\",\n \"Nan Jiang\",\n \"Saeed Pahlevan Sharif\",\n \"Mobai Chen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Purpose This study examines the factors influencing the intention to subscribe to video streaming platforms in China through integrating the extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT2), perceived value theory, and stimulus–organism–response (S-O-R) theory. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative study was conducted to test the hypothesized relationships among the constructs using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The sample included 506 viewers of video streaming platforms. Findings The results showed that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and hedonic motivation had a positive relationship with subscription intention in video streaming platforms. Additionally, perceived value mediated these relationships. Also, habit was positively related to subscription intention. Finally, the attractiveness of alternatives moderated the relationship between perceived value and subscription intention of video streaming platforms in China. Originality/value This study introduces a moderated mediation mechanism to explain the intention to subscribe to video streaming platforms in China, utilizing the UTAUT2 model, perceived value theory, and S-O-R theory.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1371/journal.pone.0322860\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/da6234077f5afb9cd5efcaf75c87900b2b1f087b\",\n \"result_position\": 37,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 268701479,\n \"title\": \"The role of cognitive factors in consumers’ perceived value and subscription intention of video streaming platforms: a systematic literature review\",\n \"venue\": \"Cogent Business & Management\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Tong Wu\",\n \"Nan Jiang\",\n \"T. B. J. Kumar\",\n \"Mobai Chen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract This study reviews the literature to determine how cognitive factors affect consumers’ value perception and video streaming platform subscription intentions. This study analyses 20 Scopus and Web of Science peer-reviewed articles to examine the complex relationship between cognitive factors, perceived value and users’ decision-making. The cognitive factors perceived quality, content relevance, variety, enjoyment, cost-benefit ratio, and personalization help explain how users value video streaming platforms. Analyzing these factors can reveal the complex mechanisms that influence users’ platform subscriptions. This has practical implications for industry professionals. The research shows that technical dependability, tailored content suggestions, a variety of content, emotionally engaging content, clear benefit communication, and adaptable experiences shape users’ value perceptions. The above implications are especially relevant in dynamic digital environments influenced by the global pandemic and technological advances. This study also advances consumer behavior theory. This study applies existing models and frameworks to video streaming platforms, adding to the literature. The findings of this study enhance perceived value theory, technology adoption models, personalization theories, and engagement frameworks. These findings improve our understanding of digital user behavior. The study’s narrow focus on cognitive factors and self-reported data are limitations, but it provides valuable insights. These limitations allow future research to explore unexplored areas and use new methods.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/23311975.2024.2329247\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/37619be85683397ca84551b0746b97fe8430a0d6\",\n \"result_position\": 38,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 261998653,\n \"title\": \"NFLX Adaptive Strategy in the Indonesian Digital Streaming Video on Demand\",\n \"venue\": \"E3S Web of Conferences\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Gabriel Wambrauw\",\n \"R. A. Affandi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This study aims to explore the topic of the streaming phenomenon which in recent years has become one of the most popular and best-selling business trends due to digitalization. This research attempts to explore the subject through the success of NFLX, a Subscription Video on Demand (SVOD) service based in the U.S. that managed to expand its reach to more than 190 countries—observing the trends and external factors that are affecting NFLX’s behavior and strategy that determines their action to secure their place in the foreign markets, affecting the industry and culture surrounding it. From qualitative data resources gathered through primary and secondary data, this research explored the phenomenon of NFLX and its adaptability by applying PEST Analytical Concept and Porter’s Five Forces as a framework to analyze the dynamics between NFLX and external factors. This study found NFLX to be very influential and adaptable in securing its place in Indonesia, overcoming regulatory barriers, and establishing partnerships to expand and adapt its product and operational strategy to the market preferences.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1051/e3sconf/202342602101\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d14d39e8922af2474a969f5306124f8f072629ca\",\n \"result_position\": 39,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 272316454,\n \"title\": \"Media libraries and subscription video-on-demand services in Germany: Usage habits and perceived differences from the user’s perspective\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Creative Industries and Cultural Studies\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Verena Telkmann\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The streaming industry has seen rapid growth worldwide in recent years with intense competition among the major international providers. In Germany, streaming services and pay TV providers achieved a turnover of over five billion euros for the first time in 2022. The number of users subscribing to services such as Netflix, Disney+, and RTL+ has also doubled in the last five years and currently stands at 21.2 million people with one or more subscriptions. In the midst of this competition, this study examines the differences in usage habits, preferences, and user perceptions regarding content offer, user experience, brand perception, and pricing between media libraries and subscription video-on-demand (SVOD) providers in Germany. The study draws on STP theory (segmentation, targeting, positioning) to show how German TV companies can effectively use their resources and differentiate themselves in the competitive market. Based on 1,726 responses from an online survey of German students, empirical significance tests were conducted. These show that SVOD and media library users prefer different program types and that media libraries have a clear need to catch up, especially with regard to personalized recommendations and brand perception.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.56140/jocis-v11-3\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1e8c90b9e76ee306555d689ddaed5200e8ac1859\",\n \"result_position\": 40,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 261101104,\n \"title\": \"Network-Based Video Recommendation Using Viewing Patterns and Modularity Analysis: An Integrated Framework\",\n \"venue\": \"IEEE Access\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Mehrdad Maghsoudi\",\n \"Mohammad Hossein Valikhani\",\n \"Mohammad Hossein Zohdi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The proliferation of video-on-demand (VOD) services has led to a paradox of choice, overwhelming users with vast content libraries and revealing limitations in current recommender systems. This research introduces a novel approach by combining implicit user data, such as viewing percentages, with social network analysis to enhance personalization in VOD platforms. The methodology constructs user-item interaction graphs based on viewing patterns and applies centrality measures (degree, closeness, and betweenness) to identify important videos. Modularity-based clustering groups related content, enabling personalized recommendations. The system was evaluated on a documentary-focused VOD platform with 328 users over four months. Results showed significant improvements: a 63% increase in click-through rate (CTR), a 24% increase in view completion rate, and a 17% improvement in user satisfaction. The approach outperformed traditional methods like Naive Bayes and SVM. Future research should explore advanced techniques, such as matrix factorization models, graph neural networks, and hybrid approaches combining content-based and collaborative filtering. Additionally, incorporating temporal models and addressing scalability challenges for large-scale platforms are essential next steps. This study contributes to the state of the art by introducing modularity-based clustering and ego-centric ranking methods to enhance personalization in video recommendations. The findings suggest that integrating network-based features and implicit feedback can significantly improve user engagement, offering a cost-effective solution for VOD platforms to enhance recommendation quality.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3526876\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bbc5364543384c8ae4b652571e9308385849f075\",\n \"result_position\": 41,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 274965340,\n \"title\": \"An Experimental Study Of Netflix Use and the Effects of Autoplay on Watching Behaviors\",\n \"venue\": \"Proc. ACM Hum. Comput. Interact.\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Brennan Schaffner\",\n \"Yaretzi Ulloa\",\n \"Riya Sahni\",\n \"Jiatong Li\",\n \"Ava Kim Cohen\",\n \"Natasha Messier\",\n \"Lan Gao\",\n \"M. Chetty\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Prior work on dark patterns, or manipulative online interfaces, suggests they have potentially detrimental effects on user autonomy. Dark pattern features, like those designed for attention capture, can potentially extend platform sessions beyond what users would have otherwise intended. Existing research, however, has not formally measured the quantitative effects of these features on user engagement in subscription video-on-demand platforms (SVODs). In this work, we conducted an experimental study with 76 Netflix users in the US to analyze the impact of a specific attention capture feature, autoplay, on key viewing metrics. We found that disabling autoplay on Netflix significantly reduced key content consumption aggregates, including average daily watching and average session length, partly filling the evidentiary gap regarding the empirical effects of dark pattern interfaces. We paired the experimental analysis with users' perceptions of autoplay and their viewing behaviors, finding that participants were split on whether the effects of autoplay outweigh its benefits, albeit without knowledge of the study findings. Our findings strengthen the broader argument that manipulative interface designs can and do affect users in potentially damaging ways, highlighting the continued need for considering user well-being and varied preferences in interface design.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1145/3710928\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7af2ed0ace4262b94436f19409f35c4dcd912c3f\",\n \"result_position\": 42,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 236351996,\n \"title\": \"Examining Factors Influencing Early Paid Over-The-Top Video Streaming Market Growth: A Cross-Country Empirical Study\",\n \"venue\": \"Sustainability\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Sangwon Lee\",\n \"Seonmi Lee\",\n \"Hyemin Joo\",\n \"Yoonjae Nam\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This study examines the factors influencing early paid Over-The-Top (OTT) video streaming market growth in 50 countries. The results of the panel data analysis suggest that Netflix’s market entry, traditional pay TV market size, broadband infrastructure, and OTT platform competition contribute to the early market growth of paid OTT video streaming services, such as subscription video-on-demand (SVOD) services. The results also reveal that the traditional pay TV subscription market and the paid OTT video streaming market initially grow together in many countries. However, the findings also reveal a negative association between the market entry of Netflix and the subscription revenue growth rate of traditional pay TV services. The results of this study suggest industry and policy implications for paid OTT video streaming market growth and the sustainable development of the media industry.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/SU13105702\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4b4e954dab820be295f0a32eb840f23539670250\",\n \"result_position\": 43,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 251488070,\n \"title\": \"Turning Pirates into Subscribers: A Status Quo Bias Perspective on Online Movie Service Switching Intention\",\n \"venue\": \"Emerging Science Journal\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"P. Putra\",\n \"Muhammad Imam Santosa\",\n \"Ika Chandra Hapsari\",\n \"A. Hidayanto\",\n \"S. Kurnia\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This study aims to analyze the factors that influence a person's intention to use a subscription-based streaming service application using the perspective of the inertia of piracy movie application users. This study investigates the factors that affect the inertia of movie piracy application users. The theory used is a combination of the status quo bias theory and coping theory. This research uses a quantitative approach and an online survey method for data collection. Data collection resulted in 378 responses that were subsequently analyzed using the covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) technique. It was found that inertia (the level of user inertia) negatively affects intention to use (the intention to use a subscription-based streaming service application) and convenience. In addition, convenience, perceived controllability (a person's level of control over the application), and morality positively influence intention to use. Furthermore, it was also found that perceived cost and personalization do not affect the intention to use. Inertia is also positively and significantly influenced by the transition cost (effort to move). The factors that have the highest correlation values are transition cost and inertia. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-05-06 Full Text: PDF\",\n \"doi\": \"10.28991/esj-2022-06-05-06\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/19a1e4e30e925d01e61101ded764f10a7ea46cae\",\n \"result_position\": 44,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 240102261,\n \"title\": \"Analysis of Foreign Video Streaming Service Entering Chinese Streaming Media Market: A Case Study of Netflix\",\n \"venue\": \"Proceedings of the 2021 International Conference on Public Relations and Social Sciences (ICPRSS 2021)\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yiling Shi\",\n \"Jia-Lu Zhou\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Netflix, the leading video streaming service globally, has expanded to more than 190 nations in the last five years but hasn’t been able to step into the Chinese market. However, being the largest population and booming Internet development, Netflix has flagged China as a potential market filled with potential and revenues. Therefore, this paper will make a study to explore how Netflix can occupy the Chinese video streaming market. To solve the research question, this paper utilizes the literature on the 4Ps theory and SWOT analysis, as well as make a comparison between the current situation of Netflix and Tencent Video, and the secondary data also be used to analyze the possibilities of Netflix’s future development in China. The detailed SWOT analysis for Netflix concludes that the relatively high subscription price and strict censorship regulations will likely restrict Netflix’s future expansion in China. At the same time, diverse and high-quality products with good convenience have positive influences on its market development. To sum up, this article provides a reference for Netflix’s future moves into the Chinese market and has significant implications for other streaming companies looking to enter the Chinese market.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.2991/assehr.k.211020.177\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2b2839dfbda25a1471c904243c9cd09afc79edd0\",\n \"result_position\": 45,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 268591195,\n \"title\": \"Understanding behavioral intention to subscribe video-on-demand platform during COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from Indonesia\",\n \"venue\": \"Asian Journal of Technology Management\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Rafiati Kania\",\n \"Nabila Ramadhani\",\n \"Nono Wibisono\",\n \"Ari Gunawan\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Subscriber-based Video on Demand (SVoD) is currently growing business sector during the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the pandemic effect human mobilization, the Indonesian government strictly regulated visiting the cinema to press Covid-19 outbreak. Consequently, film providers and consumers adopt SVoD as an alternative digital platform. Nevertheless, Indonesian subscriptions are currently lagging behind other countries. In addition, a survey from Coalition Against Piracy in 2019 has discovered that 63 % of Indonesian consumers opt to access illegal streaming services instead of paying subscription fees to video streaming providers. This research empirically examines social influence, perceived risk, hedonic motivation, and utility value to influence behavioral intention to understand what factors influence paying subscriptions. The hypotheses proposed in our research model are tested on a sample of 291 Indonesian subscribers of SVoD platforms. The partial-least square modeling result shows that social influence, hedonic motivation, and utilitarian value can, directly and indirectly, influence behavioral intention. Contrary to research hypotheses, the perceived risk of adopting illegal streaming videos can only indirectly influence behavioral intention. Finally, it is noted that a combination of external and internal consumer motivation will impact subscriptions intention.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.12695/ajtm.2022.15.2.3\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9e26cd82ef1090bb3cad2656d0a6ba4047bd40a3\",\n \"result_position\": 46,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 43444294,\n \"title\": \"Can I See Beyond What You See? Blending Machine Learning and Econometrics to Discover Household TV Viewing Preferences\",\n \"venue\": \"Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Zhuolun Li\",\n \"R. Kauffman\",\n \"Bingtian Dai\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This research blends machine learning-based discovery of preference patterns that uses natural language processing for TV viewing data with explanatory modeling that uses econometrics, as a basis for understanding TV viewing preferences at the household-level. We employ a dataset of about 1.1 million observations that was collected via set-top box technology that tracked household-level consumption of the content of its channel subscription package. The data describe the details of what households watched on TV, including the channels and shows, start times and durations, and overall viewing times for content from different digital entertainment genres. This research demonstrates the efficacy of our machine learning and explanatory econometrics approach, and presents insights on consumer behavior and content bundling that are useful for firm strategy in digital entertainment services.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.24251/HICSS.2017.471\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e26ab7cc1ffdd6152c3e3cfa4eefabd1dea3abbc\",\n \"result_position\": 47,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 276623372,\n \"title\": \"Datacasting: TikTok’s Algorithmic Flow as Televisual Experience\",\n \"venue\": \"Media and Communication\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ellenrose Firth\",\n \"A. Marinelli\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Recommendation algorithms have acquired a central role in the suggestion of content within both subscription video on demand (SVOD) and advertising-based video on demand (AVOD) services and media-sharing platforms. In this article, we suggest the introduction of the datacasting paradigm, which takes into account the increasing relevance algorithms have in selection processes on audiovisual platforms. We use TikTok as a case study as it is an entirely algorithmic platform, and therefore embodies the heart of our discussion, and analyse how the algorithmic flow within the platform influences user experience, the impact it has on the enjoyment of content, and whether the platform can be considered televisual. We have opted to frame TikTok within debates on flow, as we believe that is what is at the core of the platform experience. Through the analysis of in-depth interviews, we extracted two main categories of responses: TV on TikTok and TikTok as TV. The former includes all responses related to the consumption of traditional televisual material on the platform, while the latter looks at all potential connections between the platform and television viewing habits.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.17645/mac.9392\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/17b80c081dbcd141e11f68453744d6b1ea850d9c\",\n \"result_position\": 48,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 237758984,\n \"title\": \"Factors affecting users' satisfaction and dissatisfaction of OTT services in South Korea\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"S. Shin\",\n \"Joo-Bong Park\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/J.TELPOL.2021.102203\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/512593886af78cc10b5e2424c0937f7605d9236d\",\n \"result_position\": 49,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 210895414,\n \"title\": \"Independent Cinema in the Digital Age: Is Digital Transformation the Only Way to Survival?\",\n \"venue\": \"Economics and Business Review\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Karolina Maria Sadlowska\",\n \"Paula Sonja Karlsson\",\n \"Steven Caldwell Brown\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Development of digital technologies has resulted in the creative and cultural industries having to adapt business models in light of evolving consumer preferences. This paper aims to examine how independent cinemas can transform their delivery in light of the challenges posed by digital disruption, and more specifically, whether this has to focus entirely on digital transformation. This conceptual paper examines one independent cinema in Scotland, concluding that digitalisation should be used to complement existing activities, along with exploring other innovative business models. It is crucial to understand that the old-time patterns of running a business have irrevocably changed. DOI: 10.15458/ebr.88\",\n \"doi\": \"10.15458/EBR.88\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1616eeff0b3d9b18d53b2cfa40e4a87164fe3bd5\",\n \"result_position\": 50,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 265119393,\n \"title\": \"The streaming industry and the platform economy: An analysis\",\n \"venue\": \"Media, Culture & Society\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Chalaby\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"As television is embracing a new set of internet-related technologies, the medium is transitioning from broadcasting to streaming. With it, a new mode of distribution has emerged: the streaming platform. This research makes a three-pronged effort to assess their impact on the TV industry: it analyses the way platforms monetize content; it distinguishes types of streaming platforms based on a set of criteria that includes supply-chain arrangements and the way they structure commercial transactions among different sets of participants, and it considers the ownership of streaming services. This article contributes to media and communication studies by combining the platform literature with global value chain (GVC) theory in order to foster our understanding of streaming platforms. It contextualizes streaming platforms in the history of television and analyses how they are transforming the medium.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1177/01634437231210439\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b7d2b7a6176c88fe30f604c0389b5d7dbd5ea42a\",\n \"result_position\": 51,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 214479662,\n \"title\": \"UNDERSTANDING ADOPTION FACTORS OF OVER-THE-TOP VIDEO SERVICES AMONG MILLENNIAL CONSUMERS\",\n \"venue\": \"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Sabyasachi Dasgupta\",\n \"P. Grover\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.34218/ijcet.10.1.2019.008\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4aa4899a6ba3b71ee7372f357f96ceb120f945c6\",\n \"result_position\": 52,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 248576312,\n \"title\": \"Factors Motivating Binge-Watching of TV Series Among College Students\",\n \"venue\": \"Shanlax International Journal of Management\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Lourembam Bishorjit Singh\",\n \"H. S\",\n \"Dhanamanjuri Thangjam\",\n \"Hiyai Leima Nigthoujam\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The Rapid growth of Internet-based TV companies has transformed the way of video consumption, Internet-Based TV companies are releasing an entire series of programmes at once, which leads consumers to watch the TV series at once or three to four episodes at one sitting. This phenomenon gained popularity due to the development of platforms such as Netflix, Hulu, HBO GO, Amazon Prime, Disney+, and Apple TV (Winland, 2012). Students are spending less time devoted to academic pursuits. Research studies have indicated that students are heavily distracted from their academic pursuits due to binge-watching, with many students spending almost 8 hours per week on binge-watching. Based on an extensive literature review, a glaring gap was noticed in assessing binge-watching behaviour among Indian students. Hence, the paper aims to explore various factors that influence college students’ attitudes towards binge-watching. The study is grounded on four different stimuli that influence Binge-watching: enjoyment, escapism, social influence and convenient access. Design/Methodology/Approach: The present study is a descriptive research design. Quantitative methods were used for the collection and analysis of data. A structured questionnaire based on pre-validated scales was used as a research instrument. The respondents were from the student community across India. Analysis was based on correlation and multiple regression analysis.Originality: The paper significantly contributes to the understanding of factors influencing binge-watching attitudes among students in India. There is a huge dearth of literature concerning binge-watching in India. Findings: The findings of the study indicate that escapism, enjoyment greatly motivate students to spend more time binge-watching. As per the survey, we found out that college students don`t binge-watch because of convenient access and social influence.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.34293/management.v9is1.4861\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1ad0d76079e8fd56cbddc7beb47d9bb23a151323\",\n \"result_position\": 53,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 235405617,\n \"title\": \"Is Over the Top Video Platform the Game Changer over Traditional TV Channels in India? A Niche Analysis\",\n \"venue\": \"Asia Pacific Media Educator\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"H. H. Puthiyakath\",\n \"M. Goswami\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Since the outbreak of COVID-19 and the consequent national lockdown, the usage of over the top (OTT) platforms has significantly increased in India. The growing popularity of video streaming has made a substantial impact on the traditional TV channels during pandemic times. The purpose of this study is to examine the competition, coexistence and competitive superiority of OTT and TV in providing consumer satisfaction. The study adopted the niche theory to empirically measure the degree of gratification fulfilled by OTT and TV, the similarity between OTT and TV and the competitive superiority of OTT and TV across seven micro-dimensions of gratification. The data for the study has been gathered from 223 online users across India. The results of the study reflect that OTT provides a higher degree of satisfaction across all seven dimensions of gratification with the greatest difference manifested in the convenience dimension. The niche overlap measures indicated that the highest level of similarity between TV and OTT is in providing gratification in the relaxation dimension, whereas the least similarity was observed in the convenience dimensions. The competitive superiority of OTT surpassed TV in all dimensions with the greatest difference manifested in relaxation.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1177/1326365X211009639\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dc36cb825b567f3de7447c93eaf7c02f7b7efd4b\",\n \"result_position\": 54,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 266807952,\n \"title\": \"Netflix: Disrupting the entertainment market with digital technologies, time and again\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Information Technology Teaching Cases\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"S. Juteau\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This case study focuses on Netflix’s technological journey, emphasizing its role as a startup that revolutionized a sector through tech-savvy approaches. Until 2023, Netflix continues to innovate. This exploration delves into how Netflix has evolved as a platform organization, leveraging advanced technologies to enhance user experience and business models. The case discusses Netflix’s use of cloud computing and proposes elaboration on artificial intelligence and blockchain technologies. This case will be particularly useful for graduate and post-graduate students or MBA students in courses on digital technologies and business perspectives.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1177/20438869231226394\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f3bd1f68eb5abb4a4346b40fc6a66ca2cd3ff890\",\n \"result_position\": 55,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 259731117,\n \"title\": \"Thinking about platforming with more traditional mediatization: Lessons from audiovisual analysis\",\n \"venue\": \"Studies in Communication Sciences (SComS)\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"E. George\",\n \"Justine Dorval\",\n \"E. Germain\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Since the mid-1990s, film and television industries are more and more confronted with the appearance of new intermediation services which have created platforms. In a project funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC), we try to analyze the place and role that these new services are taking in the audiovisual sector. Our corpus is composed of the platforms of four companies that have developed activities on a vast international scale, Netflix (with its service of the same name), Amazon (Prime Video service), Disney (Disney+) and Apple (Apple TV+). Based on our corpus, it seems to us that some changes have been the result of firms’ activities, but that it is not as linear as it may appear at first sight. Transformations are at work but there is also some “Old Media Persistence.” Thus, we find a certain “contamination” of old practices originating from the organization of industrial channels and forms in the mutations currently presented by these new intermediation services.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.24434/j.scoms.2023.03.3733\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/64c41a646dcbe5553975310111c6dc5a2b1a8af1\",\n \"result_position\": 56,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 252100354,\n \"title\": \"The Impact of EU Liberalization Regulations on the Market Audiovisual Media Services Market\",\n \"venue\": \"Studia Iuridica Lublinensia\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Péter Bordás\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In the last years, the audiovisual media services market has changed significantly from its initial stage of liberalization. Of course, if we look at the steps as far as the regulation of services is concerned, it has also undergone significant changes, but the assessment of the effectiveness of liberalization may be different. This is simply because with the development of technology, such as the emergence of online services, various new sorts of services and players have entered the market, the regulation of which requires EU action in several respects. Firstly, the significance of this lies in the fact that, in order to achieve media convergence, the scope of regulation has now expanded compared to the early stage of liberalization. Secondly, large service providers outside of Europe are now competing for European consumers, that poses a challenge to both the regulation and the interests of the EU. Thirdly, it has to be mentioned that the Brexit, occurred in early 2020, re-arranged the map of the European audiovisual services market and relocated several service providers to an EU Member State. This study – in order to understand the phenomena outlined above – seeks to analyse the liberalization of a small slice of the European telecommunications market.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.17951/sil.2022.31.2.71-83\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/46267f8a602f70db6f76c31174460b3821e256ad\",\n \"result_position\": 57,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 248926531,\n \"title\": \"“Shudder” and the Aesthetics and Platform Logics of Genre-Specific SVOD services\",\n \"venue\": \"Television & New Media\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Balanzategui\",\n \"Andrew Lynch\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Major subscription-video-on-demand (SVOD) services including Netflix and Apple TV+ target a wide range of consumers through catalogs that house a diverse variety of genres. However, as the SVOD ecology has evolved, services have emerged that focus on particular genres, and thus target enthusiasts of specific content types. This article examines the horror-focused SVOD service “Shudder” to highlight how these genre-specific SVOD services curate content in ways that differ from major services like Netflix. Unlike the top-tier generalist SVODs, niche services like Shudder do not appeal to users via personalized algorithmic recommendation of titles from a seemingly limitless catalog: instead, these services are branded around the affective pleasures of and fan cultures surrounding specific genres. Our analysis of Shudder combines interface and genre analysis to illuminate how the platform offers a “phenomenal experience” of generic immersion in ways that reflect on new intersections between SVOD platforms, genre, nostalgia, and cinephilic subcultures.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1177/15274764221093602\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dc83618c706c5602633df3d21ae9d8ba515a2007\",\n \"result_position\": 58,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 250998605,\n \"title\": \"Cultural politics of Netflix in local contexts: A case of the Korean media industries\",\n \"venue\": \"Media, Culture & Society\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Taeyoung Kim\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This paper analyzes how stakeholders in the Korean media industries understand the penetration of Netflix and other foreign streaming video-on-demand (SVoD) platforms and how they respond to global SVoD players. Based on interviews with cultural workers and bureaucrats, the findings of this paper explore how stakeholders in the media industries interpret Netflix as both an investor who would enable them to produce a variety of content and introduce their products worldwide and as a competitor that has the potential to threaten domestic media production. Considering structural asymmetries caused by disparities in technologies and financial strength between local and global players in the market, as well as the distribution power which streaming moguls have enjoyed for years, the growing presence of Netflix in the domestic market may reduce the position of Korean media production as mere subcontractors of the platform. The paper’s findings shed light on analyzing the relationship between global streaming platforms and local cultural producers.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1177/01634437221111917\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/60b2b327306f1467e635a42a6e93ae458906fa5b\",\n \"result_position\": 59,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 237811105,\n \"title\": \"‘If you can’t beat them, be them’\",\n \"venue\": \"MedieKultur: Journal of Media and Communication Research\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"T. Raats\",\n \"Tom Evens\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Faced with heavy competition of global subscription-video-on-demand (SVOD) streaming services, along with increased pressure on fi nancing and distribution of domestic content, legacy media players are increasingly exploring the potential of local SVOD services as domestic alternatives to global platforms such as Netflix and Disney+, often in collaboration with other European broadcasters and/or distributors.This article presents an in-depth case study of Streamz, a domestic SVOD alternative launched in Belgium in September 2020. Building on scholarly work on media disruption and platform power, the case study examines the political and market context that shaped the existence of the platform, and critically analyses the strategies pursued by legacy media players in attempting to develop and emulate key competitive advantages of global SVOD players. The article demonstrates how a persistent policy push to collaborate in a small market resulted in an unusual joint venture and, at the same time, how diff erent market factors, most of them characteristic for small media markets, pose signifi cant challenges for domestic players to develop a profi table platform in Europe, let alone be able to stand achance in a highly competitive streaming market.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.7146/mediekultur.v37i70.122208\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3f27a5c87ca3cc62f07628cdfdcfbe954ccb295e\",\n \"result_position\": 60,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 49676383,\n \"title\": \"Content Sampling, Household Informedness, and the Consumption of Digital Information Goods\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Management Information Systems\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Hoang\",\n \"R. Kauffman\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"ABSTRACT Technology and media are delivering content that is transforming society. Providers must compete for consumer attention to sell their digital information goods effectively. This is challenging, since there is a high level of uncertainty associated with the consumption of such goods. Service providers often use free programming to share product information. We examine the effectiveness of content sampling strategy used for on-demand series dramas, a unique class of entertainment goods. The data were extracted from a large set of household video-on-demand (VoD) viewing records and combined with external data sources. We extended a propensity score matching (PSM) approach to handle censored data, which permitted us to explore the main causal relationships. Relevant theories in the marketing and information systems disciplines informed our research on consumer involvement and informedness for decision making under uncertainty, the consumption of information goods, and seller strategies for digital content. The results show that content sampling stimulates higher demand for series dramas, but in a more nuanced way than was expected. Samples of the series reveal quality information to consumers and allow them to assess preference fit directly. As a result, they become more informed about their purchase decisions. Also, households seem to be willing to pay more to be better informed, and informed households tend to purchase more. This suggests that content providers should invest in strategies that help consumers to understand the preference fit of information goods.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/07421222.2018.1451958\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c1d3c18edf256deb084523a812464191d9c709ae\",\n \"result_position\": 61,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 256754625,\n \"title\": \"Technological affordances of video streaming platforms: Why people prefer video streaming platforms over television\",\n \"venue\": \"European Journal of Communication\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Tom Evens\",\n \"Amandine Henderickx\",\n \"Peter D. Conradie\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This article investigates to what extent technological affordances are associated with people's preference for video streaming platforms over traditional television services. Such affordances refer to properties of these platforms (including personalized recommendations and easy-to-navigate interfaces) that provoke certain uses of the technology and satisfy social and psychological needs. Based on a quantitative study of 25–50-year-olds in Belgium (N = 596) and a hierarchical regression analysis, the study builds further on the conceptualization of technological affordances as presented in the MAIN model, which suggests that four affordances (Modality, Agency, Interactivity and Navigability) are central to digital media technology. As such, the study presents an affordance-based measure of video streaming platforms, and helps to understand how video streaming technology shapes new patterns of audiovisual consumption and enhances the viewing experience beyond that of traditional television. Whereas most research attention has focused on user-oriented gratifications of video streaming platforms, this study addresses a gap in the literature by dealing with platform-oriented gratifications of video streaming platforms.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1177/02673231231155731\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b57a66ad3da306b219f8e26104cb9fd408e5baa3\",\n \"result_position\": 62,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 248281075,\n \"title\": \"The Cognitive Determinants Influencing Consumer Purchase-Intention Towards Subscription Video on Demand (SVoD): Case of Egypt\",\n \"venue\": \"International journal for marketing studies\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Elsafty\",\n \"Abdulaziz Boghdady\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Over the past few decades, there has been a significant change, as smartphones and digital devices paved the way for developing new e-business models to articulate and cultivate further magnitudes such as “shared economy”. Video on demand has become one of the most vital shared-economy play-actors. This study aims to provide valuable information to SVoD industry players, marketers, and producers about the Egyptian consumers’ motivations, preferences, and willingness to subscribe to video-on-demand services. In this regard, the proposed research model has been developed based on its nature on an existing conceptual framework named UTAUT2 and only one independent variable called Content Piracy tackling the research’s problem definition. The present study aims to examine and comprehend such factors; thus, the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) model was applied to better test and explain the factors impacting the Purchase Intention (PI) to subscribe to video-on-demand services. Subsequently, the factors of Performance Expectancy (PE), Effort Expectancy (EE), Social Influence (SI), Facilitating Conditions (FC), Hedonic Motivation (HM), Price Value (PV), Habit (HB), in addition to Content Piracy (CP) were tested by surveying 133 respondents using SurveyMonkey across multiple online channels. It is noteworthy that this study highlighted a comprehensive comparative analysis of industrial practices originating from multiple subscription video-on-demand platforms and the introduction of “Watchit” shortly after Netflix was promoted as the driving force service provider in the Middle East (Hall & Partners, 2018). According to the findings, All the UTAUT2 constructs mentioned above positively influenced consumers’ intention to subscribe to video-on-demand services in Egypt. However, the added variable of content piracy negatively influenced the intention to SVoD platforms in Egypt. As a result of the examination of the obtained data and revealed findings, the market needs and consumer base of video on demand industry could be dramatically increased if industry players consider the factors impacting users’ purchase intention, particularly with the most significant impact, namely; Habit, Hedonic Motivation, and Social Influence, which are discussed methodically in this study.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5539/ijms.v14n1p95\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e9d96a70ddd77d2afbca91f8434da76c8bc74f34\",\n \"result_position\": 63,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 234437906,\n \"title\": \"Understanding motivations to use online streaming services: integrating the technology acceptance model (TAM) and the uses and gratifications theory (UGT)\",\n \"venue\": \"Spanish Journal of Marketing - ESIC\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Camilleri\",\n \"L. Falzon\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Purpose\\nThe outbreak of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and its preventative social distancing measures have led to a dramatic increase in subscriptions to paid streaming services. Online users are increasingly accessing live broadcasts, as well as recorded video content and digital music services through internet and mobile devices. In this context, this study aims to explore the individuals’ uses and gratifications from online streaming technologies during COVID-19.\\n\\nDesign/methodology/approach\\nThis research has adapted key measures from the “technology acceptance model” (TAM) and from the “uses and gratifications theory” (UGT) to better understand the individuals’ intentions to use online streaming technologies. A structural equations partial least squares’ confirmatory composite approach was used to analyze the gathered data.\\n\\nFindings\\nThe individuals’ perceived usefulness and ease of use of online streaming services were significant antecedents of their intentions to use the mentioned technologies. Moreover, this study suggests that the research participants sought emotional gratifications from online streaming technologies, as they allowed them to distract themselves into a better mood and to relax in their leisure time. Evidently, they were using them to satisfy their needs for information and entertainment.\\n\\nResearch limitations/implications\\nThis study contributes to the academic literature by generating new knowledge about the individuals’ perceptions, motivations and intentions to use online streaming technologies to watch recorded movies, series and live broadcasts.\\n\\nPractical implications\\nThe findings imply that there is scope for the providers of online streaming services to improve their customer-centric marketing by refining the quality and content of their recorded programs and through regular interactions with subscribers and personalized recommender systems.\\n\\nOriginality/value\\nThis study integrates the TAM and UGT frameworks to better understand the effects of the users’ perceptions, ritualized and instrumental motivations on their intentions to continue watching movies, series and broadcasts through online streaming technologies, during COVID-19.\\n\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1108/sjme-04-2020-0074\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/deedddebccb960532b0334e99f64017db97b8811\",\n \"result_position\": 64,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 114644502,\n \"title\": \"Television production, Funding Models and Exploitation of Content\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"G. Doyle\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The rise of digital platforms has transformative implications for strategies of financing media production and for exploitation of the economic value in creative content. In the television industry, changes in technologies for distribution and the emergence of SVOD services such as Netflix are gradually shifting audiences and financial power away from broadcasters while at the same time creating unprecedented opportunities for programme-makers. Drawing on findings from recent RCUK-funded research, this article examines how these shifts are affecting production financing and the economics of supplying television content. In particular, it focuses on how changes in the dynamics of rights markets and in strategic approaches towards the financing of television production might mean for markets, industries and for policies intended to support the economic sustainability of independent television content production businesses.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.7195/RI14.V14I2.991\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/29a8afc3fce8a5deb5c7f02cff37970247a2b9db\",\n \"result_position\": 65,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":77,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"Classical Genome Mining\nThe foundational strategy for secondary metabolite discovery involves targeted searches for genes encoding conserved biosynthetic enzymes. This approach capitalizes on the evolutionary conservation of core metabolic machinery across structurally diverse compounds, including polyketides (PKS-derived), non-ribosomal peptides (NRPS-synthesized), ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs), and aminoglycosides. Early implementations relied on experimental techniques such as Southern hybridization with labeled gene probes or PCR amplification using primers designed from conserved domains. With advancements in sequencing technologies, these labor-intensive methods have transitioned to computational workflows employing sequence alignment tools (e.g., BLAST, DIAMOND) and profile-based algorithms (e.g., HMMer) to identify homologs of reference biosynthetic genes.\nThis paradigm has proven particularly effective when investigating known metabolites with predicted biosynthetic routes, enabling straightforward cluster identification. For novel compound discovery, integrated platforms now automate the detection of conserved enzymatic domains across entire genomes. Early proprietary systems like DECIPHER® paved the way for open-source tools including BAGEL, CLUSEAN, and antiSMASH—the latter currently capable of recognizing 44 distinct cluster types through curated libraries of signature domains. While these resources streamline classical mining, their efficacy remains tethered to the conservation of enzymatic signatures, presenting limitations for pathways with divergent or non-canonical architectures.\n"},"query_timestamp":{"kind":"string","value":"2025-07-09T21:36:29.710991+00:00"},"thread_id":{"kind":"string","value":"dad21307932284a1f7950f26f3e3965715524eb65b6b9b50146067e2dcb5fb3b"},"num_shown":{"kind":"number","value":75,"string":"75"},"num_clicked":{"kind":"number","value":4,"string":"4"},"has_clicks":{"kind":"bool","value":true,"string":"true"},"shown_papers":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"corpus_id":220364688,"title":"Mini review: Genome mining approaches for the identification of secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters in Streptomyces","venue":"Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal","year":2020,"authors":["Namil Lee","Soonkyu Hwang","Jihun Kim","Suhyung Cho","B. Palsson","Byung-Kwan Cho"],"abstract":"Streptomyces are a large and valuable resource of bioactive and complex secondary metabolites, many of which have important clinical applications. With the advances in high throughput genome sequencing methods, various in silico genome mining strategies have been developed and applied to the mapping of the Streptomyces genome. These studies have revealed that Streptomyces possess an even more significant number of uncharacterized silent secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (smBGCs) than previously estimated. Linking smBGCs to their encoded products has played a critical role in the discovery of novel secondary metabolites, as well as, knowledge-based engineering of smBGCs to produce altered products. In this mini review, we discuss recent progress in Streptomyces genome sequencing and the application of genome mining approaches to identify and characterize smBGCs. Furthermore, we discuss several challenges that need to be overcome to accelerate the genome mining process and ultimately support the discovery of novel bioactive compounds.","doi":"10.1016/j.csbj.2020.06.024","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/aa74ba444e9a9bfbe0055c11e4347a2aca7699a7","result_position":0,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":10783143,"title":"The secondary metabolite bioinformatics portal: Computational tools to facilitate synthetic biology of secondary metabolite production","venue":"Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology","year":2016,"authors":["T. Weber","H. Kim"],"abstract":"Natural products are among the most important sources of lead molecules for drug discovery. With the development of affordable whole-genome sequencing technologies and other ‘omics tools, the field of natural products research is currently undergoing a shift in paradigms. While, for decades, mainly analytical and chemical methods gave access to this group of compounds, nowadays genomics-based methods offer complementary approaches to find, identify and characterize such molecules. This paradigm shift also resulted in a high demand for computational tools to assist researchers in their daily work. In this context, this review gives a summary of tools and databases that currently are available to mine, identify and characterize natural product biosynthesis pathways and their producers based on ‘omics data. A web portal called Secondary Metabolite Bioinformatics Portal (SMBP at http://www.secondarymetabolites.org) is introduced to provide a one-stop catalog and links to these bioinformatics resources. In addition, an outlook is presented how the existing tools and those to be developed will influence synthetic biology approaches in the natural products field.","doi":"10.1016/j.synbio.2015.12.002","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/710d73dc981df8021ca40cff4a4795c91803bcd1","result_position":1,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":220387612,"title":"Exploiting the Biosynthetic Potency of Taxol from Fungal Endophytes of Conifers Plants; Genome Mining and Metabolic Manipulation","venue":"Molecules","year":2020,"authors":["A. El-Sayed","M. El-Sayed","Amgad M. Rady","N. Zein","G. Enan","A. Shindia","Sara El-Hefnawy","M. Sitohy","Basel Sitohy"],"abstract":"Endophytic fungi have been considered as a repertoire for bioactive secondary metabolites with potential application in medicine, agriculture and food industry. The biosynthetic pathways by fungal endophytes raise the argument of acquisition of these machineries of such complex metabolites from the plant host. Diterpenoids “Taxol” is the most effective anticancer drug with highest annual sale, since its discovery in 1970 from the Pacific yew tree, Taxus brevifolia. However, the lower yield of Taxol from this natural source (bark of T. brevifolia), availability and vulnerability of this plant to unpredicted fluctuation with the ecological and environmental conditions are the challenges. Endophytic fungi from Taxus spp. opened a new avenue for industrial Taxol production due to their fast growth, cost effectiveness, independence on climatic changes, feasibility of genetic manipulation. However, the anticipation of endophytic fungi for industrial Taxol production has been challenged by the loss of its productivity, due to the metabolic reprograming of cells, downregulating the expression of its encoding genes with subculturing and storage. Thus, the objectives of this review were to (1) Nominate the endophytic fungal isolates with the Taxol producing potency from Taxaceae and Podocarpaceae; (2) Emphasize the different approaches such as molecular manipulation, cultural optimization, co-cultivation for enhancing the Taxol productivities; (3) Accentuate the genome mining of the rate-limiting enzymes for rapid screening the Taxol biosynthetic machinery; (4) Triggering the silenced rate-limiting genes and transcriptional factors to activates the biosynthetic gene cluster of Taxol.","doi":"10.3390/molecules25133000","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0f43c71ddd7f881e37f839ebd663e36d7cd03e2f","result_position":2,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":210158720,"title":"Computational Tools for Discovering and Engineering Natural Product Biosynthetic Pathways","venue":"iScience","year":2019,"authors":["Hengqian Ren","Chengyou Shi","Huimin Zhao"],"abstract":"Natural products (NPs), also known as secondary metabolites, are produced in bacteria, fungi, and plants. NPs represent a rich source of antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer agents. Recent advances in DNA sequencing technologies and bioinformatics unveiled nature's great potential for synthesizing numerous NPs that may confer unprecedented structural and biological features. However, discovering novel bioactive NPs by genome mining remains a challenge. Moreover, even with interesting bioactivity, the low productivity of many NPs significantly limits their practical applications. Here we discuss the progress in developing bioinformatics tools for efficient discovery of bioactive NPs. In addition, we highlight computational methods for optimizing the productivity of NPs of pharmaceutical importance.","doi":"10.1016/j.isci.2019.100795","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/98f0496edbe6f997ca43353d8048cea0139f6f88","result_position":3,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":220364602,"title":"Challenges and advances in genome mining of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs)","venue":"Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology","year":2020,"authors":["Zheng Zhong","Beibei He","Jie Li","Yong-Xin Li"],"abstract":"Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) are a class of cyclic or linear peptidic natural products with remarkable structural and functional diversity. Recent advances in genomics and synthetic biology, are facilitating us to discover a large number of new ribosomal natural products, including lanthipeptides, lasso peptides, sactipeptides, thiopeptides, microviridins, cyanobactins, linear thiazole/oxazole-containing peptides and so on. In this review, we summarize bioinformatic strategies that have been developed to identify and prioritize biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) encoding RiPPs, and the genome mining-guided discovery of novel RiPPs. We also prospectively provide a vision of what genomics-guided discovery of RiPPs may look like in the future, especially the discovery of RiPPs from dominant but uncultivated microbes, which will be promoted by the combinational use of synthetic biology and metagenome mining strategies.","doi":"10.1016/j.synbio.2020.06.002","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/80378669fdfdc0faac2d3d48d7dd90a0045de8dc","result_position":4,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":246516043,"title":"Multi-Omics Data Mining: A Novel Tool for BioBrick Design","venue":"Synthetic Genomics - From BioBricks to Synthetic Genomes","year":2022,"authors":["Angie Burgos-Toro","M. Dippe","Andres Felipe Vásquez","Eric Pierschel","Ludger Aloisius Wessjohann","Miguel Fernández-Niño"],"abstract":"Currently, billions of nucleotide and amino acid sequences accumulate in free-access databases as a result of the omics revolution, the improvement in sequencing technologies, and the systematic storage of shotgun sequencing data from a large and diverse number of organisms. In this chapter, multi-omics data mining approaches will be discussed as a novel tool for the identification and characterization of novel DNA sequences encoding elementary parts of complex biological systems (BioBricks) using omics libraries. Multi-omics data mining opens up the possibility to identify novel unknown sequences from free-access databases. It also provides an excellent platform for the identification and design of novel BioBricks by using previously well-characterized biological bricks as scaffolds for homology searching and BioBrick design. In this chapter, the most recent mining approaches will be discussed, and several examples will be presented to highlight its relevance as a novel tool for synthetic biology.","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.101351","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1ee7399f96e1377c7f30165894cf84e8791eb540","result_position":5,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":234471398,"title":"antiSMASH 6.0: improving cluster detection and comparison capabilities","venue":"Nucleic Acids Res.","year":2021,"authors":["K. Blin","S. Shaw","Alexander M. Kloosterman","Z. Charlop-Powers","G. P. Wezel","M. Medema","T. Weber"],"abstract":"Abstract Many microorganisms produce natural products that form the basis of antimicrobials, antivirals, and other drugs. Genome mining is routinely used to complement screening-based workflows to discover novel natural products. Since 2011, the \"antibiotics and secondary metabolite analysis shell—antiSMASH\" (https://antismash.secondarymetabolites.org/) has supported researchers in their microbial genome mining tasks, both as a free-to-use web server and as a standalone tool under an OSI-approved open-source license. It is currently the most widely used tool for detecting and characterising biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in bacteria and fungi. Here, we present the updated version 6 of antiSMASH. antiSMASH 6 increases the number of supported cluster types from 58 to 71, displays the modular structure of multi-modular BGCs, adds a new BGC comparison algorithm, allows for the integration of results from other prediction tools, and more effectively detects tailoring enzymes in RiPP clusters.","doi":"10.1093/nar/gkab335","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a4255361de8d7e7780547da29556095eae9dbbc1","result_position":6,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":226270759,"title":"The antiSMASH database version 3: increased taxonomic coverage and new query features for modular enzymes","venue":"Nucleic Acids Res.","year":2020,"authors":["K. Blin","S. Shaw","S. Kautsar","M. Medema","T. Weber"],"abstract":"Abstract Microorganisms produce natural products that are frequently used in the development of antibacterial, antiviral, and anticancer drugs, pesticides, herbicides, or fungicides. In recent years, genome mining has evolved into a prominent method to access this potential. antiSMASH is one of the most popular tools for this task. Here, we present version 3 of the antiSMASH database, providing a means to access and query precomputed antiSMASH-5.2-detected biosynthetic gene clusters from representative, publicly available, high-quality microbial genomes via an interactive graphical user interface. In version 3, the database contains 147 517 high quality BGC regions from 388 archaeal, 25 236 bacterial and 177 fungal genomes and is available at https://antismash-db.secondarymetabolites.org/.","doi":"10.1093/nar/gkaa978","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0b881b81c459b928a5de096691db2504f2573e19","result_position":7,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":215757407,"title":"Genome Mining as New Challenge in Natural Products Discovery","venue":"Marine Drugs","year":2020,"authors":["L. Albarano","R. Esposito","Nadia Ruocco","M. Costantini"],"abstract":"Drug discovery is based on bioactivity screening of natural sources, traditionally represented by bacteria fungi and plants. Bioactive natural products and their secondary metabolites have represented the main source for new therapeutic agents, used as drug leads for new antibiotics and anticancer agents. After the discovery of the first biosynthetic genes in the last decades, the researchers had in their hands the tool to understand the biosynthetic logic and genetic basis leading to the production of these compounds. Furthermore, in the genomic era, in which the number of available genomes is increasing, genome mining joined to synthetic biology are offering a significant help in drug discovery. In the present review we discuss the importance of genome mining and synthetic biology approaches to identify new natural products, also underlining considering the possible advantages and disadvantages of this technique. Moreover, we debate the associated techniques that can be applied following to genome mining for validation of data. Finally, we review on the literature describing all novel natural drugs isolated from bacteria, fungi, and other living organisms, not only from the marine environment, by a genome-mining approach, focusing on the literature available in the last ten years.","doi":"10.3390/md18040199","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/50f7e03cdff67729296cc8f7b331ea4f0a43014b","result_position":8,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":3800628,"title":"PRISM 3: expanded prediction of natural product chemical structures from microbial genomes","venue":"Nucleic Acids Res.","year":2017,"authors":["M. Skinnider","Nishanth J. Merwin","Chad W. Johnston","N. Magarvey"],"abstract":"Abstract Microbial natural products represent a rich resource of pharmaceutically and industrially important compounds. Genome sequencing has revealed that the majority of natural products remain undiscovered, and computational methods to connect biosynthetic gene clusters to their corresponding natural products therefore have the potential to revitalize natural product discovery. Previously, we described PRediction Informatics for Secondary Metabolomes (PRISM), a combinatorial approach to chemical structure prediction for genetically encoded nonribosomal peptides and type I and II polyketides. Here, we present a ground-up rewrite of the PRISM structure prediction algorithm to derive prediction of natural products arising from non-modular biosynthetic paradigms. Within this new version, PRISM 3, natural product scaffolds are modeled as chemical graphs, permitting structure prediction for aminocoumarins, antimetabolites, bisindoles and phosphonate natural products, and building upon the addition of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides. Further, with the addition of cluster detection for 11 new cluster types, PRISM 3 expands to detect 22 distinct natural product cluster types. Other major modifications to PRISM include improved sequence input and ORF detection, user-friendliness and output. Distribution of PRISM 3 over a 300-core server grid improves the speed and capacity of the web application. PRISM 3 is available at http://magarveylab.ca/prism/.","doi":"10.1093/nar/gkx320","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ab75897c7e7d6e57d6af4f8e8245405d9079224e","result_position":9,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":216609648,"title":"Recent development of antiSMASH and other computational approaches to mine secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters","venue":"Briefings Bioinform.","year":2017,"authors":["K. Blin","H. Kim","M. Medema","T. Weber"],"abstract":"Abstract Many drugs are derived from small molecules produced by microorganisms and plants, so-called natural products. Natural products have diverse chemical structures, but the biosynthetic pathways producing those compounds are often organized as biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) and follow a highly conserved biosynthetic logic. This allows for the identification of core biosynthetic enzymes using genome mining strategies that are based on the sequence similarity of the involved enzymes/genes. However, mining for a variety of BGCs quickly approaches a complexity level where manual analyses are no longer possible and require the use of automated genome mining pipelines, such as the antiSMASH software. In this review, we discuss the principles underlying the predictions of antiSMASH and other tools and provide practical advice for their application. Furthermore, we discuss important caveats such as rule-based BGC detection, sequence and annotation quality and cluster boundary prediction, which all have to be considered while planning for, performing and analyzing the results of genome mining studies.","doi":"10.1093/bib/bbx146","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bee6bb17f1f05d4dea2fe9d97da95c60ef74c41b","result_position":10,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":37133880,"title":"The evolution of genome mining in microbes - a review.","venue":"Natural product reports (Print)","year":2016,"authors":["N. Ziemert","Mohammad Alanjary","T. Weber"],"abstract":"Covering: 2006 to 2016The computational mining of genomes has become an important part in the discovery of novel natural products as drug leads. Thousands of bacterial genome sequences are publically available these days containing an even larger number and diversity of secondary metabolite gene clusters that await linkage to their encoded natural products. With the development of high-throughput sequencing methods and the wealth of DNA data available, a variety of genome mining methods and tools have been developed to guide discovery and characterisation of these compounds. This article reviews the development of these computational approaches during the last decade and shows how the revolution of next generation sequencing methods has led to an evolution of various genome mining approaches, techniques and tools. After a short introduction and brief overview of important milestones, this article will focus on the different approaches of mining genomes for secondary metabolites, from detecting biosynthetic genes to resistance based methods and \"evo-mining\" strategies including a short evaluation of the impact of the development of genome mining methods and tools on the field of natural products and microbial ecology.","doi":"10.1039/c6np00025h","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c86952981c9256e090b1ba3be8397729153abb8d","result_position":11,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":12244473,"title":"antiSMASH 3.0—a comprehensive resource for the genome mining of biosynthetic gene clusters","venue":"Nucleic Acids Res.","year":2015,"authors":["T. Weber","K. Blin","Srikanth Duddela","D. Krug","H. Kim","R. Bruccoleri","S. Lee","M. Fischbach","R. Müller","W. Wohlleben","R. Breitling","E. Takano","M. Medema"],"abstract":"Abstract Microbial secondary metabolism constitutes a rich source of antibiotics, chemotherapeutics, insecticides and other high-value chemicals. Genome mining of gene clusters that encode the biosynthetic pathways for these metabolites has become a key methodology for novel compound discovery. In 2011, we introduced antiSMASH, a web server and stand-alone tool for the automatic genomic identification and analysis of biosynthetic gene clusters, available at http://antismash.secondarymetabolites.org. Here, we present version 3.0 of antiSMASH, which has undergone major improvements. A full integration of the recently published ClusterFinder algorithm now allows using this probabilistic algorithm to detect putative gene clusters of unknown types. Also, a new dereplication variant of the ClusterBlast module now identifies similarities of identified clusters to any of 1172 clusters with known end products. At the enzyme level, active sites of key biosynthetic enzymes are now pinpointed through a curated pattern-matching procedure and Enzyme Commission numbers are assigned to functionally classify all enzyme-coding genes. Additionally, chemical structure prediction has been improved by incorporating polyketide reduction states. Finally, in order for users to be able to organize and analyze multiple antiSMASH outputs in a private setting, a new XML output module allows offline editing of antiSMASH annotations within the Geneious software.","doi":"10.1093/nar/gkv437","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/620ee7b83c0624c9b2597f404f94aa5bf7a0e638","result_position":12,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":220893223,"title":"From Ocean to Medicine: Pharmaceutical Applications of Metabolites from Marine Bacteria","venue":"Antibiotics","year":2020,"authors":["J. D. Santos","I. Vitorino","F. Reyes","F. Vicente","O. Lage"],"abstract":"Oceans cover seventy percent of the planet’s surface and besides being an immense reservoir of biological life, they serve as vital sources for human sustenance, tourism, transport and commerce. Yet, it is estimated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) that eighty percent of the oceans remain unexplored. The untapped biological resources present in oceans may be fundamental in solving several of the world’s public health crises of the 21st century, which span from the rise of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, pathogenic fungi and parasites, to the rise of cancer incidence and viral infection outbreaks. In this review, health risks as well as how marine bacterial derived natural products may be tools to fight them will be discussed. Moreover, an overview will be made of the research pipeline of novel molecules, from identification of bioactive bacterial crude extracts to the isolation and chemical characterization of the molecules within the framework of the One Health approach. This review highlights information that has been published since 2014, showing the current relevance of marine bacteria for the discovery of novel natural products.","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics9080455","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d795ce2b02aca26caeb635cb0dd6a5bb882d8f57","result_position":13,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":205245352,"title":"The Antibiotic Resistant Target Seeker (ARTS), an exploration engine for antibiotic cluster prioritization and novel drug target discovery","venue":"Nucleic Acids Res.","year":2017,"authors":["Mohammad Alanjary","B. Kronmiller","Martina Adamek","K. Blin","T. Weber","D. Huson","B. Philmus","N. Ziemert"],"abstract":"Abstract With the rise of multi-drug resistant pathogens and the decline in number of potential new antibiotics in development there is a fervent need to reinvigorate the natural products discovery pipeline. Most antibiotics are derived from secondary metabolites produced by microorganisms and plants. To avoid suicide, an antibiotic producer harbors resistance genes often found within the same biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) responsible for manufacturing the antibiotic. Existing mining tools are excellent at detecting BGCs or resistant genes in general, but provide little help in prioritizing and identifying gene clusters for compounds active against specific and novel targets. Here we introduce the ‘Antibiotic Resistant Target Seeker’ (ARTS) available at https://arts.ziemertlab.com. ARTS allows for specific and efficient genome mining for antibiotics with interesting and novel targets. The aim of this web server is to automate the screening of large amounts of sequence data and to focus on the most promising strains that produce antibiotics with new modes of action. ARTS integrates target directed genome mining methods, antibiotic gene cluster predictions and ‘essential gene screening’ to provide an interactive page for rapid identification of known and putative targets in BGCs.","doi":"10.1093/nar/gkx360","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c87d6147c79af2a5b985bdb8c356228191809cd4","result_position":14,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":254277231,"title":"Navigating and expanding the roadmap of natural product genome mining tools","venue":"Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry","year":2022,"authors":["Friederike Biermann","Sebastian L. Wenski","Eric J. N. Helfrich"],"abstract":"Natural products are structurally highly diverse and exhibit a wide array of biological activities. As a result, they serve as an important source of new drug leads. Traditionally, natural products have been discovered by bioactivity-guided fractionation. The advent of genome sequencing technology has resulted in the introduction of an alternative approach towards novel natural product scaffolds: Genome mining. Genome mining is an in-silico natural product discovery strategy in which sequenced genomes are analyzed for the potential of the associated organism to produce natural products. Seemingly universal biosynthetic principles have been deciphered for most natural product classes that are used to detect natural product biosynthetic gene clusters using pathway-encoded conserved key enzymes, domains, or motifs as bait. Several generations of highly sophisticated tools have been developed for the biosynthetic rule-based identification of natural product gene clusters. Apart from these hard-coded algorithms, multiple tools that use machine learning-based approaches have been designed to complement the existing genome mining tool set and focus on natural product gene clusters that lack genes with conserved signature sequences. In this perspective, we take a closer look at state-of-the-art genome mining tools that are based on either hard-coded rules or machine learning algorithms, with an emphasis on the confidence of their predictions and potential to identify non-canonical natural product biosynthetic gene clusters. We highlight the genome mining pipelines' current strengths and limitations by contrasting their advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, we introduce two indirect biosynthetic gene cluster identification strategies that complement current workflows. The combination of all genome mining approaches will pave the way towards a more comprehensive understanding of the full biosynthetic repertoire encoded in microbial genome sequences.","doi":"10.3762/bjoc.18.178","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b37af83661bc71881259cadb1f9df82a4ea02f82","result_position":15,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":7901256,"title":"antiSMASH: rapid identification, annotation and analysis of secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene clusters in bacterial and fungal genome sequences","venue":"Nucleic Acids Res.","year":2011,"authors":["M. Medema","K. Blin","Peter Cimermancic","V. D. Jager","Piotr Zakrzewski","M. Fischbach","T. Weber","E. Takano","R. Breitling"],"abstract":"Bacterial and fungal secondary metabolism is a rich source of novel bioactive compounds with potential pharmaceutical applications as antibiotics, anti-tumor drugs or cholesterol-lowering drugs. To find new drug candidates, microbiologists are increasingly relying on sequencing genomes of a wide variety of microbes. However, rapidly and reliably pinpointing all the potential gene clusters for secondary metabolites in dozens of newly sequenced genomes has been extremely challenging, due to their biochemical heterogeneity, the presence of unknown enzymes and the dispersed nature of the necessary specialized bioinformatics tools and resources. Here, we present antiSMASH (antibiotics & Secondary Metabolite Analysis Shell), the first comprehensive pipeline capable of identifying biosynthetic loci covering the whole range of known secondary metabolite compound classes (polyketides, non-ribosomal peptides, terpenes, aminoglycosides, aminocoumarins, indolocarbazoles, lantibiotics, bacteriocins, nucleosides, beta-lactams, butyrolactones, siderophores, melanins and others). It aligns the identified regions at the gene cluster level to their nearest relatives from a database containing all other known gene clusters, and integrates or cross-links all previously available secondary-metabolite specific gene analysis methods in one interactive view. antiSMASH is available at http://antismash.secondarymetabolites.org.","doi":"10.1093/nar/gkr466","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e2a4073a235cd58a67be0eeae9b415c8426b468c","result_position":16,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":14353116,"title":"Genomes to natural products PRediction Informatics for Secondary Metabolomes (PRISM)","venue":"Nucleic Acids Research","year":2015,"authors":["M. Skinnider","C. Dejong","Philip N. Rees","Chad W. Johnston","Haoxin Li","Andrew L. H. Webster","Morgan A. Wyatt","N. Magarvey"],"abstract":"Microbial natural products are an invaluable source of evolved bioactive small molecules and pharmaceutical agents. Next-generation and metagenomic sequencing indicates untapped genomic potential, yet high rediscovery rates of known metabolites increasingly frustrate conventional natural product screening programs. New methods to connect biosynthetic gene clusters to novel chemical scaffolds are therefore critical to enable the targeted discovery of genetically encoded natural products. Here, we present PRISM, a computational resource for the identification of biosynthetic gene clusters, prediction of genetically encoded nonribosomal peptides and type I and II polyketides, and bio- and cheminformatic dereplication of known natural products. PRISM implements novel algorithms which render it uniquely capable of predicting type II polyketides, deoxygenated sugars, and starter units, making it a comprehensive genome-guided chemical structure prediction engine. A library of 57 tailoring reactions is leveraged for combinatorial scaffold library generation when multiple potential substrates are consistent with biosynthetic logic. We compare the accuracy of PRISM to existing genomic analysis platforms. PRISM is an open-source, user-friendly web application available at http://magarveylab.ca/prism/.","doi":"10.1093/nar/gkv1012","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8ca13dea6e2c5ebe3e156dd9920a2b2a927637c3","result_position":17,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":9249256,"title":"Computational approaches to natural product discovery.","venue":"Nature Chemical Biology","year":2015,"authors":["M. Medema","M. Fischbach"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1038/nchembio.1884","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2595dcfd8ff6ef2f433f276fa6c24206465d6e57","result_position":18,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":19022900,"title":"SMURF: Genomic mapping of fungal secondary metabolite clusters.","venue":"Fungal Genetics and Biology","year":2010,"authors":["N. Khaldi","F. Seifuddin","G. Turner","D. Haft","W. Nierman","K. H. Wolfe","N. Fedorova"],"abstract":"Fungi produce an impressive array of secondary metabolites (SMs) including mycotoxins, antibiotics and pharmaceuticals. The genes responsible for their biosynthesis, export, and transcriptional regulation are often found in contiguous gene clusters. To facilitate annotation of these clusters in sequenced fungal genomes, we developed the web-based software SMURF (www.jcvi.org/smurf/) to systematically predict clustered SM genes based on their genomic context and domain content. We applied SMURF to catalog putative clusters in 27 publicly available fungal genomes. Comparison with genetically characterized clusters from six fungal species showed that SMURF accurately recovered all clusters and detected additional potential clusters. Subsequent comparative analysis revealed the striking biosynthetic capacity and variability of the fungal SM pathways and the correlation between unicellularity and the absence of SMs. Further genetics studies are needed to experimentally confirm these clusters.","doi":"10.1016/j.fgb.2010.06.003","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6110ea345600138bcd7b8230487f0db05bd5df89","result_position":19,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":264672820,"title":"The antiSMASH database version 4: additional genomes and BGCs, new sequence-based searches and more","venue":"Nucleic Acids Research","year":2023,"authors":["K. Blin","S. Shaw","Marnix M Medema","T. Weber"],"abstract":"Abstract Many microorganisms produce natural products that are frequently used in the development of medicines and crop protection agents. Genome mining has evolved into a prominent method to access this potential. antiSMASH is the most popular tool for this task. Here we present version 4 of the antiSMASH database, providing biosynthetic gene clusters detected by antiSMASH 7.1 in publicly available, dereplicated, high-quality microbial genomes via an interactive graphical user interface. In version 4, the database contains 231 534 high quality BGC regions from 592 archaeal, 35 726 bacterial and 236 fungal genomes and is available at https://antismash-db.secondarymetabolites.org/.","doi":"10.1093/nar/gkad984","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1f531c32d49101bd8e4b206eee74ee483dc2e27b","result_position":20,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":216651172,"title":"The antiSMASH database version 2: a comprehensive resource on secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters","venue":"Nucleic Acids Res.","year":2018,"authors":["K. Blin","Victòria Pascal Andreu","E. D. L. Santos","F. D. Carratore","S. Lee","M. Medema","T. Weber"],"abstract":"Abstract Natural products originating from microorganisms are frequently used in antimicrobial and anticancer drugs, pesticides, herbicides or fungicides. In the last years, the increasing availability of microbial genome data has made it possible to access the wealth of biosynthetic clusters responsible for the production of these compounds by genome mining. antiSMASH is one of the most popular tools in this field. The antiSMASH database provides pre-computed antiSMASH results for many publicly available microbial genomes and allows for advanced cross-genome searches. The current version 2 of the antiSMASH database contains annotations for 6200 full bacterial genomes and 18,576 bacterial draft genomes and is available at https://antismash-db.secondarymetabolites.org/.","doi":"10.1093/nar/gky1060","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4adae0cedf1c6a269299f68f815d9115c7e2362a","result_position":21,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":260689996,"title":"Bioactive Metabolites from Terrestrial and Marine Actinomycetes","venue":"Molecules","year":2023,"authors":["Chananan Ngamcharungchit","Nutsuda Chaimusik","W. Panbangred","Jirayut Euanorasetr","Bungonsiri Intra"],"abstract":"Actinomycetes inhabit both terrestrial and marine ecosystems and are highly proficient in producing a wide range of natural products with diverse biological functions, including antitumor, immunosuppressive, antimicrobial, and antiviral activities. In this review, we delve into the life cycle, ecology, taxonomy, and classification of actinomycetes, as well as their varied bioactive metabolites recently discovered between 2015 and 2023. Additionally, we explore promising strategies to unveil and investigate new bioactive metabolites, encompassing genome mining, activation of silent genes through signal molecules, and co-cultivation approaches. By presenting this comprehensive and up-to-date review, we hope to offer a potential solution to uncover novel bioactive compounds with essential activities.","doi":"10.3390/molecules28155915","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8cad0ed22281b1deb1ca7741c35190f338ec4399","result_position":22,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":258172215,"title":"Discovery and excavation of lichen bioactive natural products","venue":"Frontiers in Microbiology","year":2023,"authors":["M. Ren","Shuhua Jiang","Yanyan Wang","Xinhua Pan","Feng Pan","Xinli Wei"],"abstract":"Lichen natural products are a tremendous source of new bioactive chemical entities for drug discovery. The ability to survive in harsh conditions can be directly correlated with the production of some unique lichen metabolites. Despite the potential applications, these unique metabolites have been underutilized by pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries due to their slow growth, low biomass availability, and technical challenges involved in their artificial cultivation. At the same time, DNA sequence data have revealed that the number of encoded biosynthetic gene clusters in a lichen is much higher than in natural products, and the majority of them are silent or poorly expressed. To meet these challenges, the one strain many compounds (OSMAC) strategy, as a comprehensive and powerful tool, has been developed to stimulate the activation of silent or cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters and exploit interesting lichen compounds for industrial applications. Furthermore, the development of molecular network techniques, modern bioinformatics, and genetic tools is opening up a new opportunity for the mining, modification, and production of lichen metabolites, rather than merely using traditional separation and purification techniques to obtain small amounts of chemical compounds. Heterologous expressed lichen-derived biosynthetic gene clusters in a cultivatable host offer a promising means for a sustainable supply of specialized metabolites. In this review, we summarized the known lichen bioactive metabolites and highlighted the application of OSMAC, molecular network, and genome mining-based strategies in lichen-forming fungi for the discovery of new cryptic lichen compounds.","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2023.1177123","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/edb1eb61e639060c2f14c304d9b899407906b594","result_position":23,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":265268966,"title":"Impact of Nitrogen-Containing Compounds on Secondary Metabolism in Streptomyces spp.—A Source of Metabolic Engineering Strategies","venue":"SynBio","year":2023,"authors":["Sergii Krysenko"],"abstract":"Actinobacteria from the genus Streptomyces feature complex primary and secondary metabolism, developmental cycle, and ability to produce a variety of natural products. These soil bacteria are major producers of antibiotics and other bioactive compounds and have been extensively investigated due to the medical and industrial relevance of Streptomyces-derived secondary metabolites. However, the genetic toolbox for Streptomyces engineering as well as yield optimization strategies for the production of relevant metabolites are limited. On the one hand, the genetic potential of these organisms has not been fully utilized due to many “silent” or poorly expressed biosynthetic gene clusters, whose activation depends on environmental stimuli and nutrient availability. On the other hand, these GC-rich Gram-positive bacteria are difficult to manipulate, and traditional genetic manipulation strategies are time-consuming and have low efficiency. Recent studies of Streptomyces metabolism and genomes provided new insights into possibilities to overcome these challenges. In this review, advances and approaches for Streptomyces manipulations and secondary metabolite production optimization are discussed. Special focus is given to understanding the interplay between primary and secondary metabolism in Streptomyces and the supply of nitrogen-containing compounds into secondary metabolism. Existing strategies to manipulate cellular metabolism in Streptomyces are reviewed.","doi":"10.3390/synbio1030015","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9fcd110a335bc2a842ef5358941c08f06ffef009","result_position":24,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":4175173,"title":"CLUSEAN: a computer-based framework for the automated analysis of bacterial secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters.","venue":"Journal of Biotechnology","year":2009,"authors":["Tilmann Weber","C. Rausch","Patricio Lopez","Ilka Hoof","V. Gaykova","Daniel H. Huson","W. Wohlleben"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1016/J.JBIOTEC.2009.01.007","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/36b9f92269fe371afe051a17532091d5f85fb956","result_position":25,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":263952428,"title":"ClustScan: an integrated program package for the semi-automatic annotation of modular biosynthetic gene clusters and in silico prediction of novel chemical structures","venue":"Nucleic Acids Research","year":2008,"authors":["Antonio Starčević","Jurica Žučko","Jurica Simunkovic","Paul F. Long","J. Cullum","D. Hranueli"],"abstract":"The program package ‘ClustScan’ (Cluster Scanner) is designed for rapid, semi-automatic, annotation of DNA sequences encoding modular biosynthetic enzymes including polyketide synthases (PKS), non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS) and hybrid (PKS/NRPS) enzymes. The program displays the predicted chemical structures of products as well as allowing export of the structures in a standard format for analyses with other programs. Recent advances in understanding of enzyme function are incorporated to make knowledge-based predictions about the stereochemistry of products. The program structure allows easy incorporation of additional knowledge about domain specificities and function. The results of analyses are presented to the user in a graphical interface, which also allows easy editing of the predictions to incorporate user experience. The versatility of this program package has been demonstrated by annotating biochemical pathways in microbial, invertebrate animal and metagenomic datasets. The speed and convenience of the package allows the annotation of all PKS and NRPS clusters in a complete Actinobacteria genome in 2–3 man hours. The open architecture of ClustScan allows easy integration with other programs, facilitating further analyses of results, which is useful for a broad range of researchers in the chemical and biological sciences.","doi":"10.1093/nar/gkn685","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0138a3c3df3903fa09079fa8de43edb5d460c6e2","result_position":26,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":15337192,"title":"Antibiotic drug discovery","venue":"Microbial Biotechnology","year":2016,"authors":["W. Wohlleben","Yvonne Mast","E. Stegmann","N. Ziemert"],"abstract":"Due to the threat posed by the increase of highly resistant pathogenic bacteria, there is an urgent need for new antibiotics; all the more so since in the last 20 years, the approval for new antibacterial agents had decreased. The field of natural product discovery has undergone a tremendous development over the past few years. This has been the consequence of several new and revolutionizing drug discovery and development techniques, which is initiating a ‘New Age of Antibiotic Discovery’. In this review, we concentrate on the most significant discovery approaches during the last and present years and comment on the challenges facing the community in the coming years.","doi":"10.1111/1751-7915.12388","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a988dfad29670d7e41c76578909c1f1def7135b1","result_position":27,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":51649652,"title":"Computational Methodologies in the Exploration of Marine Natural Product Leads","venue":"Marine Drugs","year":2018,"authors":["Florbela Pereira","J. Aires-de-Sousa"],"abstract":"Computational methodologies are assisting the exploration of marine natural products (MNPs) to make the discovery of new leads more efficient, to repurpose known MNPs, to target new metabolites on the basis of genome analysis, to reveal mechanisms of action, and to optimize leads. In silico efforts in drug discovery of NPs have mainly focused on two tasks: dereplication and prediction of bioactivities. The exploration of new chemical spaces and the application of predicted spectral data must be included in new approaches to select species, extracts, and growth conditions with maximum probabilities of medicinal chemistry novelty. In this review, the most relevant current computational dereplication methodologies are highlighted. Structure-based (SB) and ligand-based (LB) chemoinformatics approaches have become essential tools for the virtual screening of NPs either in small datasets of isolated compounds or in large-scale databases. The most common LB techniques include Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationships (QSAR), estimation of drug likeness, prediction of adsorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties, similarity searching, and pharmacophore identification. Analogously, molecular dynamics, docking and binding cavity analysis have been used in SB approaches. Their significance and achievements are the main focus of this review.","doi":"10.3390/md16070236","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/30f5856557fe1bc00c77ae8024fa9b0c40122ff9","result_position":28,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":16590074,"title":"CASSIS and SMIPS: promoter-based prediction of secondary metabolite gene clusters in eukaryotic genomes","venue":"Bioinform.","year":2015,"authors":["Thomas Wolf","Vladimir Shelest","N. Nath","E. Shelest"],"abstract":"Motivation: Secondary metabolites (SM) are structurally diverse natural products of high pharmaceutical importance. Genes involved in their biosynthesis are often organized in clusters, i.e., are co-localized and co-expressed. In silico cluster prediction in eukaryotic genomes remains problematic mainly due to the high variability of the clusters’ content and lack of other distinguishing sequence features. Results: We present Cluster Assignment by Islands of Sites (CASSIS), a method for SM cluster prediction in eukaryotic genomes, and Secondary Metabolites by InterProScan (SMIPS), a tool for genome-wide detection of SM key enzymes (‘anchor’ genes): polyketide synthases, non-ribosomal peptide synthetases and dimethylallyl tryptophan synthases. Unlike other tools based on protein similarity, CASSIS exploits the idea of co-regulation of the cluster genes, which assumes the existence of common regulatory patterns in the cluster promoters. The method searches for ‘islands’ of enriched cluster-specific motifs in the vicinity of anchor genes. It was validated in a series of cross-validation experiments and showed high sensitivity and specificity. Availability and implementation: CASSIS and SMIPS are freely available at https://sbi.hki-jena.de/cassis. Contact: thomas.wolf@leibniz-hki.de or ekaterina.shelest@leibniz-hki.de Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.","doi":"10.1093/bioinformatics/btv713","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5ca33f897275eafc932dbd8e3e8ca1a9445703f7","result_position":29,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":232223764,"title":"Current State and Future Directions of Genetics and Genomics of Endophytic Fungi for Bioprospecting Efforts","venue":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","year":2021,"authors":["Rosa Sagita","W. Quax","K. Haslinger"],"abstract":"The bioprospecting of secondary metabolites from endophytic fungi received great attention in the 1990s and 2000s, when the controversy around taxol production from Taxus spp. endophytes was at its height. Since then, hundreds of reports have described the isolation and characterization of putative secondary metabolites from endophytic fungi. However, only very few studies also report the genetic basis for these phenotypic observations. With low sequencing cost and fast sample turnaround, genetics- and genomics-based approaches have risen to become comprehensive approaches to study natural products from a wide-range of organisms, especially to elucidate underlying biosynthetic pathways. However, in the field of fungal endophyte biology, elucidation of biosynthetic pathways is still a major challenge. As a relatively poorly investigated group of microorganisms, even in the light of recent efforts to sequence more fungal genomes, such as the 1000 Fungal Genomes Project at the Joint Genome Institute (JGI), the basis for bioprospecting of enzymes and pathways from endophytic fungi is still rather slim. In this review we want to discuss the current approaches and tools used to associate phenotype and genotype to elucidate biosynthetic pathways of secondary metabolites in endophytic fungi through the lens of bioprospecting. This review will point out the reported successes and shortcomings, and discuss future directions in sampling, and genetics and genomics of endophytic fungi. Identifying responsible biosynthetic genes for the numerous secondary metabolites isolated from endophytic fungi opens the opportunity to explore the genetic potential of producer strains to discover novel secondary metabolites and enhance secondary metabolite production by metabolic engineering resulting in novel and more affordable medicines and food additives.","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2021.649906","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ea8b5e206032f06aeddd15d06bff042c743a670b","result_position":30,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":268291140,"title":"Automated genome mining for natural products","venue":"BMC Bioinformatics","year":2009,"authors":["Michael H. T. Li","Peter Man-Un Ung","James Zajkowski","S. Garneau‐Tsodikova","David H. Sherman"],"abstract":"BackgroundDiscovery of new medicinal agents from natural sources has largely been an adventitious process based on screening of plant and microbial extracts combined with bioassay-guided identification and natural product structure elucidation. Increasingly rapid and more cost-effective genome sequencing technologies coupled with advanced computational power have converged to transform this trend toward a more rational and predictive pursuit.ResultsWe have developed a rapid method of scanning genome sequences for multiple polyketide, nonribosomal peptide, and mixed combination natural products with output in a text format that can be readily converted to two and three dimensional structures using conventional software. Our open-source and web-based program can assemble various small molecules composed of twenty standard amino acids and twenty two other chain-elongation intermediates used in nonribosomal peptide systems, and four acyl-CoA extender units incorporated into polyketides by reading a hidden Markov model of DNA. This process evaluates and selects the substrate specificities along the assembly line of nonribosomal synthetases and modular polyketide synthases.ConclusionUsing this approach we have predicted the structures of natural products from a diverse range of bacteria based on a limited number of signature sequences. In accelerating direct DNA to metabolomic analysis, this method bridges the interface between chemists and biologists and enables rapid scanning for compounds with potential therapeutic value.","doi":"10.1186/1471-2105-10-185","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4d76d519097c3eee5a830da1e2e7661dedc10911","result_position":31,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":266903772,"title":"Precision enzyme discovery through targeted mining of metagenomic data","venue":"Natural Products and Bioprospecting","year":2024,"authors":["Shohreh Ariaeenejad","Javad Gharechahi","Mehdi Foroozandeh Shahraki","Fereshteh Fallah Atanaki","Jianlin Han","Xuezhi Ding","Falk Hildebrand","M. Bahram","K. Kavousi","G. Hosseini Salekdeh"],"abstract":"Metagenomics has opened new avenues for exploring the genetic potential of uncultured microorganisms, which may serve as promising sources of enzymes and natural products for industrial applications. Identifying enzymes with improved catalytic properties from the vast amount of available metagenomic data poses a significant challenge that demands the development of novel computational and functional screening tools. The catalytic properties of all enzymes are primarily dictated by their structures, which are predominantly determined by their amino acid sequences. However, this aspect has not been fully considered in the enzyme bioprospecting processes. With the accumulating number of available enzyme sequences and the increasing demand for discovering novel biocatalysts, structural and functional modeling can be employed to identify potential enzymes with novel catalytic properties. Recent efforts to discover new polysaccharide-degrading enzymes from rumen metagenome data using homology-based searches and machine learning-based models have shown significant promise. Here, we will explore various computational approaches that can be employed to screen and shortlist metagenome-derived enzymes as potential biocatalyst candidates, in conjunction with the wet lab analytical methods traditionally used for enzyme characterization.","doi":"10.1007/s13659-023-00426-8","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c1b5bc0a1c0252f3140e154d2179565ef869c931","result_position":32,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":276613838,"title":"Breaking into nature's secret medicine cabinet: lichens – a biochemical goldmine ready for discovery","venue":"New Phytologist","year":2025,"authors":["Garima Singh","Francesco Dal Grande","Francis M. Martin","Marnix M Medema"],"abstract":"Summary Secondary metabolites are a crucial source of bioactive compounds playing a key role in the development of new pharmaceuticals. Recently, biosynthetic research has benefited significantly from progress on various fronts, including reduced sequencing costs, improved genome/metabolome mining strategies, and expanding tools/databases to compare and characterize chemical diversity. Steady advances in these fields are crucial for research on non‐modal organisms such as lichen‐forming fungi (LFF). Although most fungi produce bioactive metabolites, biosynthetic research on LFF (c. 21% of known fungi) lags behind, primarily due to experimental challenges. However, in recent years, several such challenges have been tackled, and, in parallel, a critical foundation of genomic data and pipelines has been established to accomplish the valorization of this potential. Integrating these concurrent advances to accelerate biochemical research in LFF provides a promising opportunity for new discoveries. This review summarizes the following: recent advances in fungal and LFF omics, and chemoinformatics research; studies on LFF biosynthesis, including chemical diversity and evolutionary/phylogenetic aspects; and experimental milestones in LFF biosynthetic gene functions. At the end, we outline a vision and strategy to combine the progress in these research areas to harness the biochemical potential of LFF for pharmaceutical development.","doi":"10.1111/nph.70003","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4604c1d4f7f2e8d5a34ffff51cebda9e68a2edea","result_position":33,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":7026266,"title":"Next-generation sequencing approach for connecting secondary metabolites to biosynthetic gene clusters in fungi","venue":"Frontiers in Microbiology","year":2015,"authors":["Ralph A. Cacho","Yi Tang","Y. Chooi"],"abstract":"Genomics has revolutionized the research on fungal secondary metabolite (SM) biosynthesis. To elucidate the molecular and enzymatic mechanisms underlying the biosynthesis of a specific SM compound, the important first step is often to find the genes that responsible for its synthesis. The accessibility to fungal genome sequences allows the bypass of the cumbersome traditional library construction and screening approach. The advance in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have further improved the speed and reduced the cost of microbial genome sequencing in the past few years, which has accelerated the research in this field. Here, we will present an example work flow for identifying the gene cluster encoding the biosynthesis of SMs of interest using an NGS approach. We will also review the different strategies that can be employed to pinpoint the targeted gene clusters rapidly by giving several examples stemming from our work.","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2014.00774","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ce33815113c20d60bd239b0b200d74e6e37e97f8","result_position":34,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":237588799,"title":"Culture and genome-based analysis of four soil Clostridium isolates reveal their potential for antimicrobial production","venue":"BMC Genomics","year":2021,"authors":["A. S. Pahalagedara","R. Jáuregui","P. Maclean","E. Altermann","S. Flint","J. Palmer","G. Brightwell","Tanushree B. Gupta"],"abstract":"Soil bacteria are a major source of specialized metabolites including antimicrobial compounds. Yet, one of the most diverse genera of bacteria ubiquitously present in soil, Clostridium, has been largely overlooked in bioactive compound discovery. As Clostridium spp. thrive in extreme environments with their metabolic mechanisms adapted to the harsh conditions, they are likely to synthesize molecules with unknown structures, properties, and functions. Therefore, their potential to synthesize small molecules with biological activities should be of great interest in the search for novel antimicrobial compounds. The current study focused on investigating the antimicrobial potential of four soil Clostridium isolates, FS01, FS2.2 FS03, and FS04, using a genome-led approach, validated by culture-based methods. Conditioned/spent media from all four Clostridium isolates showed varying levels of antimicrobial activity against indicator microorganism; all four isolates significantly inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. FS01, FS2.2, and FS04 were active against Bacillus mycoides and FS03 reduced the growth of Bacillus cereus. Phylogenetic analysis together with DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH), average nucleotide identity (ANI), and functional genome distribution (FGD) analyses confirmed that FS01, FS2.2, and FS04 belong to the species Paraclostridium bifermentans, Clostridium cadaveris, and Clostridium senegalense respectively, while FS03 may represent a novel species of the genus Clostridium. Bioinformatics analysis using antiSMASH 5.0 predicted the presence of eight biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) encoding for the synthesis of ribosomally synthesized post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) and non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs) in four genomes. All predicted BGCs showed no similarity with any known BGCs suggesting novelty of the molecules from those predicted gene clusters. In addition, the analysis of genomes for putative virulence factors revealed the presence of four putative Clostridium toxin related genes in FS01 and FS2.2 genomes. No genes associated with the main Clostridium toxins were identified in the FS03 and FS04 genomes. The presence of BGCs encoding for uncharacterized RiPPs and NRPSs in the genomes of antagonistic Clostridium spp. isolated from farm soil indicated their potential to produce novel secondary metabolites. This study serves as a basis for the identification and characterization of potent antimicrobials from these soil Clostridium spp. and expands the current knowledge base, encouraging future research into bioactive compound production in members of the genus Clostridium.","doi":"10.1186/s12864-021-08005-2","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/144e7c6d73a512f29c47267e20315d9b1bbc8e36","result_position":35,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":255623043,"title":"Comparative bioinformatics analysis of the biosynthetic pathways and key candidate genes of three species, Vitis vinifera, Fragaria vesca and Olea europaea, furnish enzyme sets for the production of pharmaceutically valuable terpenes in heterologous hosts","venue":"Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology","year":2023,"authors":["Suhad A. A. Al-Salihi","K. L. Ford"],"abstract":"Plants represent a rich repository of taxonomically restricted, yet chemically diverse, secondary metabolites that are synthesised via specific metabolic pathways. Enzyme specificity and biosynthetic gene clustering are the bottleneck of secondary metabolite evolution. As economically important food crops, grape, strawberry, and olive produce many pharmaceutically important molecules; however, their specific biosynthetic pathways remain inaccessible. Our genomic-based analysis of these three species reveal the biosynthetic diversity of their specialised secondary metabolites. We found over 20 BGCs predicted, most of which were characterised in two species, grape and strawberry. Gene annotation of the biosynthetic candidate genes predicted the production of many medically and industrially important compounds including cycloartenol, nerolidol, farnesene and valencene. Although most of the predicted clusters are concentrated in specific genomic positions, some have shown gene duplications in their clusters, which is suggestive of pseudogenes or misassembled genomes. Our genome mining and putative functional analysis of the biosynthetic genes annotated in the three species indicated the evolutionary processes that have shaped their current genetic structure and the structural diversity of their chemical compositions. Revealing the biogenetic background of these natural molecules is a step forward towards the expansion of their chemical diversification via engineering their biosynthetic genes heterologously, as well as the identification of their role in the interaction between those plants and their biotic and abiotic conditions.","doi":"10.1007/s13562-022-00823-z","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fa1aa96441bb8611fcb5110fc0e7cdb86d87e1a9","result_position":36,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":4691393,"title":"Bioinformatics approaches and software for detection of secondary metabolic gene clusters.","venue":"Methods in molecular biology","year":2012,"authors":["N. Fedorova","Venkatesh Moktali","M. Medema"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1007/978-1-62703-122-6_2","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5d00a4520140ef3adced1d529a5d435a4ff0460c","result_position":37,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":10659988,"title":"Motif-Independent Prediction of a Secondary Metabolism Gene Cluster Using Comparative Genomics: Application to Sequenced Genomes of Aspergillus and Ten Other Filamentous Fungal Species","venue":"DNA Research","year":2014,"authors":["Itaru Takeda","Myco Umemura","H. Koike","K. Asai","M. Machida"],"abstract":"Despite their biological importance, a significant number of genes for secondary metabolite biosynthesis (SMB) remain undetected due largely to the fact that they are highly diverse and are not expressed under a variety of cultivation conditions. Several software tools including SMURF and antiSMASH have been developed to predict fungal SMB gene clusters by finding core genes encoding polyketide synthase, nonribosomal peptide synthetase and dimethylallyltryptophan synthase as well as several others typically present in the cluster. In this work, we have devised a novel comparative genomics method to identify SMB gene clusters that is independent of motif information of the known SMB genes. The method detects SMB gene clusters by searching for a similar order of genes and their presence in nonsyntenic blocks. With this method, we were able to identify many known SMB gene clusters with the core genes in the genomic sequences of 10 filamentous fungi. Furthermore, we have also detected SMB gene clusters without core genes, including the kojic acid biosynthesis gene cluster of Aspergillus oryzae. By varying the detection parameters of the method, a significant difference in the sequence characteristics was detected between the genes residing inside the clusters and those outside the clusters.","doi":"10.1093/dnares/dsu010","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8cae5ec78641e1e0b0e009e363b88a90dade81d6","result_position":38,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":16864121,"title":"Comparative genomics of actinomycetes with a focus on natural product biosynthetic genes","venue":"BMC Genomics","year":2013,"authors":["James R. Doroghazi","W. Metcalf"],"abstract":"BackgroundActinomycetes are a diverse group of medically, industrially and ecologically important bacteria, studied as much for the diseases they cause as for the cures they hold. The genomes of actinomycetes revealed that these bacteria have a large number of natural product gene clusters, although many of these are difficult to tie to products in the laboratory. Large scale comparisons of these clusters are difficult to perform due to the presence of highly similar repeated domains in the most common biosynthetic machinery: polyketide synthases (PKSs) and nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs).ResultsWe have used comparative genomics to provide an overview of the genomic features of a set of 102 closed genomes from this important group of bacteria with a focus on natural product biosynthetic genes. We have focused on well-represented genera and determine the occurrence of gene cluster families therein. Conservation of natural product gene clusters within Mycobacterium, Streptomyces and Frankia suggest crucial roles for natural products in the biology of each genus. The abundance of natural product classes is also found to vary greatly between genera, revealing underlying patterns that are not yet understood.ConclusionsA large-scale analysis of natural product gene clusters presents a useful foundation for hypothesis formulation that is currently underutilized in the field. Such studies will be increasingly necessary to study the diversity and ecology of natural products as the number of genome sequences available continues to grow.","doi":"10.1186/1471-2164-14-611","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/521dc49cca653e52bb9851753ccc2df43e7e66a8","result_position":39,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":3860971,"title":"Genome mining reveals unlocked bioactive potential of marine Gram-negative bacteria","venue":"BMC Genomics","year":2015,"authors":["Henrique Machado","E. Sonnenschein","Jette Melchiorsen","L. Gram"],"abstract":"Antibiotic resistance in bacteria spreads quickly, overtaking the pace at which new compounds are discovered and this emphasizes the immediate need to discover new compounds for control of infectious diseases. Terrestrial bacteria have for decades been investigated as a source of bioactive compounds leading to successful applications in pharmaceutical and biotech industries. Marine bacteria have so far not been exploited to the same extent; however, they are believed to harbor a multitude of novel bioactive chemistry. To explore this potential, genomes of 21 marine Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria collected during the Galathea 3 expedition were sequenced and mined for natural product encoding gene clusters. Independently of genome size, bacteria of all tested genera carried a large number of clusters encoding different potential bioactivities, especially within the Vibrionaceae and Pseudoalteromonadaceae families. A very high potential was identified in pigmented pseudoalteromonads with up to 20 clusters in a single strain, mostly NRPSs and NRPS-PKS hybrids. Furthermore, regulatory elements in bioactivity-related pathways including chitin metabolism, quorum sensing and iron scavenging systems were investigated both in silico and in vitro. Genes with siderophore function were identified in 50% of the strains, however, all but one harboured the ferric-uptake-regulator gene. Genes encoding the syntethase of acylated homoserine lactones were found in Roseobacter-clade bacteria, but not in the Vibrionaceae strains and only in one Pseudoalteromonas strains. The understanding and manipulation of these elements can help in the discovery and production of new compounds never identified under regular laboratory cultivation conditions. High chitinolytic potential was demonstrated and verified for Vibrio and Pseudoalteromonas species that commonly live in close association with eukaryotic organisms in the environment. Chitin regulation by the ChiS histidine-kinase seems to be a general trait of the Vibrionaceae family, however it is absent in the Pseudomonadaceae. Hence, the degree to which chitin influences secondary metabolism in marine bacteria is not known. Utilizing the rapidly developing sequencing technologies and software tools in combination with phenotypic in vitro assays, we demonstrated the high bioactive potential of marine bacteria in an efficient, straightforward manner – an approach that will facilitate natural product discovery in the future.","doi":"10.1186/s12864-015-1365-z","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ddf13c78520f1b4c26c68b4de43a5ccb997187d5","result_position":40,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":24307395,"title":"In silico methods for linking genes and secondary metabolites: The way forward","venue":"Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology","year":2016,"authors":["Shradha Khater","S. Anand","D. Mohanty"],"abstract":"In silico methods for linking genomic space to chemical space have played a crucial role in genomics driven discovery of new natural products as well as biosynthesis of altered natural products by engineering of biosynthetic pathways. Here we give an overview of available computational tools and then briefly describe a novel computational framework, namely retro-biosynthetic enumeration of biosynthetic reactions, which can add to the repertoire of computational tools available for connecting natural products to their biosynthetic gene clusters. Most of the currently available bioinformatics tools for analysis of secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters utilize the “Genes to Metabolites” approach. In contrast to the “Genes to Metabolites” approach, the “Metabolites to Genes” or retro-biosynthetic approach would involve enumerating the various biochemical transformations or enzymatic reactions which would generate the given chemical moiety starting from a set of precursor molecules and identifying enzymatic domains which can potentially catalyze the enumerated biochemical transformations. In this article, we first give a brief overview of the presently available in silico tools and approaches for analysis of secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways. We also discuss our preliminary work on development of algorithms for retro-biosynthetic enumeration of biochemical transformations to formulate a novel computational method for identifying genes associated with biosynthesis of a given polyketide or nonribosomal peptide.","doi":"10.1016/j.synbio.2016.03.001","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/30dd08b0c41165d58ce51b851663a466697ca806","result_position":41,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":235627000,"title":"Mining and unearthing hidden biosynthetic potential","venue":"Nature Communications","year":2021,"authors":["K. Scherlach","C. Hertweck"],"abstract":"Genetically encoded small molecules (secondary metabolites) play eminent roles in ecological interactions, as pathogenicity factors and as drug leads. Yet, these chemical mediators often evade detection, and the discovery of novel entities is hampered by low production and high rediscovery rates. These limitations may be addressed by genome mining for biosynthetic gene clusters, thereby unveiling cryptic metabolic potential. The development of sophisticated data mining methods and genetic and analytical tools has enabled the discovery of an impressive array of previously overlooked natural products. This review shows the newest developments in the field, highlighting compound discovery from unconventional sources and microbiomes. Natural products are an important source of bioactive compounds and have versatile applications in different fields, but their discovery is challenging. Here, the authors review the recent developments in genome mining for discovery of natural products, focusing on compounds from unconventional microorganisms and microbiomes.","doi":"10.1038/s41467-021-24133-5","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3f3db09e50f67602b1524fc92156f0669b58867a","result_position":42,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":210041670,"title":"Halophiles and Their Biomolecules: Recent Advances and Future Applications in Biomedicine","venue":"Marine Drugs","year":2019,"authors":["P. Corral","M. A. Amoozegar","A. Ventosa"],"abstract":"The organisms thriving under extreme conditions better than any other organism living on Earth, fascinate by their hostile growing parameters, physiological features, and their production of valuable bioactive metabolites. This is the case of microorganisms (bacteria, archaea, and fungi) that grow optimally at high salinities and are able to produce biomolecules of pharmaceutical interest for therapeutic applications. As along as the microbiota is being approached by massive sequencing, novel insights are revealing the environmental conditions on which the compounds are produced in the microbial community without more stress than sharing the same substratum with their peers, the salt. In this review are reported the molecules described and produced by halophilic microorganisms with a spectrum of action in vitro: antimicrobial and anticancer. The action mechanisms of these molecules, the urgent need to introduce alternative lead compounds and the current aspects on the exploitation and its limitations are discussed.","doi":"10.3390/md18010033","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7445f42883d8a20749a4209ec7e3a1d39d233a86","result_position":43,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":227249365,"title":"The Integration of Genome Mining, Comparative Genomics, and Functional Genetics for Biosynthetic Gene Cluster Identification","venue":"Frontiers in Genetics","year":2020,"authors":["Ashley N. Williams","Naveen Sorout","Alexander J. Cameron","John Stavrinides"],"abstract":"Antimicrobial resistance is a worldwide health crisis for which new antibiotics are needed. One strategy for antibiotic discovery is identifying unique antibiotic biosynthetic gene clusters that may produce novel compounds. The aim of this study was to demonstrate how an integrated approach that combines genome mining, comparative genomics, and functional genetics can be used to successfully identify novel biosynthetic gene clusters that produce antimicrobial natural products. Secondary metabolite clusters of an antibiotic producer are first predicted using genome mining tools, generating a list of candidates. Comparative genomic approaches are then used to identify gene suites present in the antibiotic producer that are absent in closely related non-producers. Gene sets that are common to the two lists represent leading candidates, which can then be confirmed using functional genetics approaches. To validate this strategy, we identified the genes responsible for antibiotic production in Pantoea agglomerans B025670, a strain identified in a large-scale bioactivity survey. The genome of B025670 was first mined with antiSMASH, which identified 24 candidate regions. We then used the comparative genomics platform, EDGAR, to identify genes unique to B025670 that were not present in closely related strains with contrasting antibiotic production profiles. The candidate lists generated by antiSMASH and EDGAR were compared with standalone BLAST. Among the common regions was a 14 kb cluster consisting of 14 genes with predicted enzymatic, transport, and unknown functions. Site-directed mutagenesis of the gene cluster resulted in a reduction in antimicrobial activity, suggesting involvement in antibiotic production. An integrated approach that combines genome mining, comparative genomics, and functional genetics yields a powerful, yet simple strategy for identifying potentially novel antibiotics.","doi":"10.3389/fgene.2020.600116","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7db595fd2aea7ab2d37508d14cd08ecb92178662","result_position":44,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":263891551,"title":"antiSMASH 7.0: new and improved predictions for detection, regulation, chemical structures and visualisation","venue":"Nucleic Acids Res.","year":2023,"authors":["K. Blin","S. Shaw","Hannah E. Augustijn","Zachary L. Reitz","Friederike Biermann","Mohammad Alanjary","A. Fetter","Barbara R. Terlouw","William W. Metcalf","Eric J. N. Helfrich","Gilles P. van Wezel","M. Medema","T. Weber"],"abstract":"Abstract Microorganisms produce small bioactive compounds as part of their secondary or specialised metabolism. Often, such metabolites have antimicrobial, anticancer, antifungal, antiviral or other bio-activities and thus play an important role for applications in medicine and agriculture. In the past decade, genome mining has become a widely-used method to explore, access, and analyse the available biodiversity of these compounds. Since 2011, the ‘antibiotics and secondary metabolite analysis shell—antiSMASH’ (https://antismash.secondarymetabolites.org/) has supported researchers in their microbial genome mining tasks, both as a free to use web server and as a standalone tool under an OSI-approved open source licence. It is currently the most widely used tool for detecting and characterising biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in archaea, bacteria, and fungi. Here, we present the updated version 7 of antiSMASH. antiSMASH 7 increases the number of supported cluster types from 71 to 81, as well as containing improvements in the areas of chemical structure prediction, enzymatic assembly-line visualisation and gene cluster regulation.","doi":"10.1093/nar/gkad344","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e2ff72baf28de0208fc6c7eab80200e0a53fc86f","result_position":45,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":253627520,"title":"MIBiG 3.0: a community-driven effort to annotate experimentally validated biosynthetic gene clusters","venue":"Nucleic Acids Res.","year":2022,"authors":["Barbara R. Terlouw","K. Blin","J. Navarro-Muñoz","Nicole E. Avalon","M. Chevrette","Susan Egbert","Sanghoon Lee","David Meijer","Michael J J Recchia","Zachary L. Reitz","Jeffrey A. van Santen","Nelly Sélem-Mojica","T. Tørring","Liana Zaroubi","Mohammad Alanjary","Gajender Aleti","César Aguilar","Suhad A. A. Al-Salihi","Hannah E. Augustijn","J. A. Avelar-Rivas","L. A. Avitia-Dominguez","F. Barona-Gómez","Jordan Bernaldo-Agüero","Vincent A. Bielinski","Friederike Biermann","Thomas J. Booth","Victor J Carrion Bravo","R. Castelo-Branco","F. Chagas","Pablo Cruz-Morales","Chao Du","Katherine R. Duncan","A. Gavriilidou","Damien Gayrard","K. Gutiérrez-García","K. Haslinger","Eric J. N. Helfrich","J. V. D. van der Hooft","A. Jati","Edward Kalkreuter","Nikolaos Kalyvas","K. Kang","S. Kautsar","Wonyong Kim","Aditya M. Kunjapur","Yong-Xin Li","Geng-Min Lin","Catarina Loureiro","Joris J. R. Louwen","Nico L L Louwen","G. Lund","Jonathan Parra","B. Philmus","Bita Pourmohsenin","Lotte J U Pronk","Adriana Rego","D. Rex","S. Robinson","L. R. Rosas-Becerra","E. T. Roxborough","M. Schorn","D. Scobie","K. S. Singh","N. Sokolova","Xiaoyu Tang","D. Udwary","A. Vigneshwari","Kristiina Vind","Sophie P J M Vromans","Valentin Waschulin","Sam E. Williams","Jaclyn M. Winter","T. Witte","Huali Xie","Dong Yang","Jingwei Yu","Mitja M. Zdouc","Zheng Zhong","J. Collemare","Roger G. Linington","T. Weber","M. Medema"],"abstract":"Abstract With an ever-increasing amount of (meta)genomic data being deposited in sequence databases, (meta)genome mining for natural product biosynthetic pathways occupies a critical role in the discovery of novel pharmaceutical drugs, crop protection agents and biomaterials. The genes that encode these pathways are often organised into biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). In 2015, we defined the Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene cluster (MIBiG): a standardised data format that describes the minimally required information to uniquely characterise a BGC. We simultaneously constructed an accompanying online database of BGCs, which has since been widely used by the community as a reference dataset for BGCs and was expanded to 2021 entries in 2019 (MIBiG 2.0). Here, we describe MIBiG 3.0, a database update comprising large-scale validation and re-annotation of existing entries and 661 new entries. Particular attention was paid to the annotation of compound structures and biological activities, as well as protein domain selectivities. Together, these new features keep the database up-to-date, and will provide new opportunities for the scientific community to use its freely available data, e.g. for the training of new machine learning models to predict sequence-structure-function relationships for diverse natural products. MIBiG 3.0 is accessible online at https://mibig.secondarymetabolites.org/.","doi":"10.1093/nar/gkac1049","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b4d175445ef6fc76f93260a7e56b8b2103d48156","result_position":46,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":215749846,"title":"antiSMASH 5.0: updates to the secondary metabolite genome mining pipeline","venue":"Nucleic Acids Res.","year":2019,"authors":["K. Blin","S. Shaw","Katharina Steinke","Rasmus Villebro","N. Ziemert","S. Lee","M. Medema","T. Weber"],"abstract":"Abstract Secondary metabolites produced by bacteria and fungi are an important source of antimicrobials and other bioactive compounds. In recent years, genome mining has seen broad applications in identifying and characterizing new compounds as well as in metabolic engineering. Since 2011, the ‘antibiotics and secondary metabolite analysis shell—antiSMASH’ (https://antismash.secondarymetabolites.org) has assisted researchers in this, both as a web server and a standalone tool. It has established itself as the most widely used tool for identifying and analysing biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in bacterial and fungal genome sequences. Here, we present an entirely redesigned and extended version 5 of antiSMASH. antiSMASH 5 adds detection rules for clusters encoding the biosynthesis of acyl-amino acids, β-lactones, fungal RiPPs, RaS-RiPPs, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, C-nucleosides, PPY-like ketones and lipolanthines. For type II polyketide synthase-encoding gene clusters, antiSMASH 5 now offers more detailed predictions. The HTML output visualization has been redesigned to improve the navigation and visual representation of annotations. We have again improved the runtime of analysis steps, making it possible to deliver comprehensive annotations for bacterial genomes within a few minutes. A new output file in the standard JavaScript object notation (JSON) format is aimed at downstream tools that process antiSMASH results programmatically.","doi":"10.1093/nar/gkz310","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3f9cb68785e92b6d39e99c9868244906980133fb","result_position":47,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":208279019,"title":"A computational framework to explore large-scale biosynthetic diversity","venue":"Nature Chemical Biology","year":2019,"authors":["J. Navarro-Muñoz","Nelly Sélem-Mojica","Michael W. Mullowney","S. Kautsar","James H. Tryon","Elizabeth I. Parkinson","E. L. C. de los Santos","Marley Yeong","Pablo Cruz-Morales","Sahar Abubucker","Arne Roeters","Wouter Lokhorst","A. Fernàndez-Guerra","Luciana T. D. Cappelini","Anthony W. Goering","R. J. Thomson","W. Metcalf","N. Kelleher","F. Barona-Gómez","M. Medema"],"abstract":"Genome mining has become a key technology to exploit natural product diversity. Although initially performed on a single-genome basis, the process is now being scaled up to mine entire genera, strain collections and microbiomes. However, no bioinformatic framework is currently available for effectively analyzing datasets of this size and complexity. In the present study, a streamlined computational workflow is provided, consisting of two new software tools: the ‘biosynthetic gene similarity clustering and prospecting engine’ (BiG-SCAPE), which facilitates fast and interactive sequence similarity network analysis of biosynthetic gene clusters and gene cluster families; and the ‘core analysis of syntenic orthologues to prioritize natural product gene clusters’ (CORASON), which elucidates phylogenetic relationships within and across these families. BiG-SCAPE is validated by correlating its output to metabolomic data across 363 actinobacterial strains and the discovery potential of CORASON is demonstrated by comprehensively mapping biosynthetic diversity across a range of detoxin/rimosamide-related gene cluster families, culminating in the characterization of seven detoxin analogues. Two bioinformatic tools, BiG-SCAPE and CORASON, enable sequence similarity network and phylogenetic analysis of gene clusters and their families across hundreds of strains and in large datasets, leading to the discovery of new natural products.","doi":"10.1038/s41589-019-0400-9","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c5b4df4a448657beea7600bec1a145a02314a357","result_position":48,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":204703149,"title":"MIBiG 2.0: a repository for biosynthetic gene clusters of known function","venue":"Nucleic Acids Res.","year":2019,"authors":["S. Kautsar","K. Blin","S. Shaw","J. Navarro-Muñoz","Barbara R. Terlouw","J. V. D. van der Hooft","Jeffrey A. van Santen","Vittorio Tracanna","Hernando G Suarez Duran","Victória Pascal Andreu","Nelly Sélem-Mojica","Mohammad Alanjary","S. Robinson","G. Lund","Samuel C. Epstein","Ashley C. Sisto","Louise K. Charkoudian","J. Collemare","Roger G. Linington","T. Weber","M. Medema"],"abstract":"Abstract Fueled by the explosion of (meta)genomic data, genome mining of specialized metabolites has become a major technology for drug discovery and studying microbiome ecology. In these efforts, computational tools like antiSMASH have played a central role through the analysis of Biosynthetic Gene Clusters (BGCs). Thousands of candidate BGCs from microbial genomes have been identified and stored in public databases. Interpreting the function and novelty of these predicted BGCs requires comparison with a well-documented set of BGCs of known function. The MIBiG (Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene Cluster) Data Standard and Repository was established in 2015 to enable curation and storage of known BGCs. Here, we present MIBiG 2.0, which encompasses major updates to the schema, the data, and the online repository itself. Over the past five years, 851 new BGCs have been added. Additionally, we performed extensive manual data curation of all entries to improve the annotation quality of our repository. We also redesigned the data schema to ensure the compliance of future annotations. Finally, we improved the user experience by adding new features such as query searches and a statistics page, and enabled direct link-outs to chemical structure databases. The repository is accessible online at https://mibig.secondarymetabolites.org/.","doi":"10.1093/nar/gkz882","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/19d8c4e7bd323674ca002212ebb4406f571532e9","result_position":49,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":199518660,"title":"A deep learning genome-mining strategy for biosynthetic gene cluster prediction","venue":"Nucleic Acids Research","year":2019,"authors":["Geoffrey D. Hannigan","David Prihoda","A. Palicka","Jindrich Soukup","O. Klempíř","Lena Rampula","Jindřich Durčák","M. Wurst","J. Kotowski","Dan Chang","Rurun Wang","Grazia Piizzi","Gergely Temesi","D. Hazuda","C. Woelk","Danny A. Bitton"],"abstract":"Abstract Natural products represent a rich reservoir of small molecule drug candidates utilized as antimicrobial drugs, anticancer therapies, and immunomodulatory agents. These molecules are microbial secondary metabolites synthesized by co-localized genes termed Biosynthetic Gene Clusters (BGCs). The increase in full microbial genomes and similar resources has led to development of BGC prediction algorithms, although their precision and ability to identify novel BGC classes could be improved. Here we present a deep learning strategy (DeepBGC) that offers reduced false positive rates in BGC identification and an improved ability to extrapolate and identify novel BGC classes compared to existing machine-learning tools. We supplemented this with random forest classifiers that accurately predicted BGC product classes and potential chemical activity. Application of DeepBGC to bacterial genomes uncovered previously undetectable putative BGCs that may code for natural products with novel biologic activities. The improved accuracy and classification ability of DeepBGC represents a major addition to in-silico BGC identification.","doi":"10.1093/nar/gkz654","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e69e4c4b20da909b048955907cd7a3524bc07999","result_position":50,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":222147772,"title":"BiG-FAM: the biosynthetic gene cluster families database","venue":"Nucleic Acids Res.","year":2020,"authors":["S. Kautsar","K. Blin","S. Shaw","T. Weber","M. Medema"],"abstract":"Abstract Computational analysis of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) has revolutionized natural product discovery by enabling the rapid investigation of secondary metabolic potential within microbial genome sequences. Grouping homologous BGCs into Gene Cluster Families (GCFs) facilitates mapping their architectural and taxonomic diversity and provides insights into the novelty of putative BGCs, through dereplication with BGCs of known function. While multiple databases exist for exploring BGCs from publicly available data, no public resources exist that focus on GCF relationships. Here, we present BiG-FAM, a database of 29,955 GCFs capturing the global diversity of 1,225,071 BGCs predicted from 209,206 publicly available microbial genomes and metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). The database offers rich functionalities, such as multi-criterion GCF searches, direct links to BGC databases such as antiSMASH-DB, and rapid GCF annotation of user-supplied BGCs from antiSMASH results. BiG-FAM can be accessed online at https://bigfam.bioinformatics.nl.","doi":"10.1093/nar/gkaa812","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8fde81e3abb3e825fb5ed5e707c55179c801f491","result_position":51,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":215778962,"title":"antiSMASH 4.0—improvements in chemistry prediction and gene cluster boundary identification","venue":"Nucleic Acids Res.","year":2017,"authors":["K. Blin","Thomas Wolf","M. Chevrette","Xiaowen Lu","Christopher J. Schwalen","S. Kautsar","H. S. Duran","E. D. L. Santos","H. Kim","M. Nave","Jeroen S. Dickschat","D. Mitchell","E. Shelest","R. Breitling","E. Takano","S. Lee","T. Weber","M. Medema"],"abstract":"Abstract Many antibiotics, chemotherapeutics, crop protection agents and food preservatives originate from molecules produced by bacteria, fungi or plants. In recent years, genome mining methodologies have been widely adopted to identify and characterize the biosynthetic gene clusters encoding the production of such compounds. Since 2011, the ‘antibiotics and secondary metabolite analysis shell—antiSMASH’ has assisted researchers in efficiently performing this, both as a web server and a standalone tool. Here, we present the thoroughly updated antiSMASH version 4, which adds several novel features, including prediction of gene cluster boundaries using the ClusterFinder method or the newly integrated CASSIS algorithm, improved substrate specificity prediction for non-ribosomal peptide synthetase adenylation domains based on the new SANDPUMA algorithm, improved predictions for terpene and ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides cluster products, reporting of sequence similarity to proteins encoded in experimentally characterized gene clusters on a per-protein basis and a domain-level alignment tool for comparative analysis of trans-AT polyketide synthase assembly line architectures. Additionally, several usability features have been updated and improved. Together, these improvements make antiSMASH up-to-date with the latest developments in natural product research and will further facilitate computational genome mining for the discovery of novel bioactive molecules.","doi":"10.1093/nar/gkx319","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/df09cb5ec92bf58c640be34f927de0f733ef0863","result_position":52,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":155101274,"title":"Synthetic Biology Tools for Novel Secondary Metabolite Discovery in Streptomyces.","venue":"Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology","year":2019,"authors":["Namil Lee","Soonkyu Hwang","Yongjae Lee","Suhyung Cho","B. Palsson","Byung-Kwan Cho"],"abstract":"Streptomyces are attractive microbial cell factories that have industrial capability to produce a wide array of bioactive secondary metabolites. However, the genetic potential of the Streptomyces species has not been fully utilized because most of their secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (SM-BGCs) are silent under laboratory culture conditions. In an effort to activate SM-BGCs encoded in Streptomyces genomes, synthetic biology has emerged as a robust strategy to understand, design, and engineer the biosynthetic capability of Streptomyces secondary metabolites. In this regard, diverse synthetic biology tools have been developed for Streptomyces species with technical advances in DNA synthesis, sequencing, and editing. Here, we review recent progress in the development of synthetic biology tools for the production of novel secondary metabolites in Streptomyces, including genomic elements and genome engineering tools for Streptomyces, the heterologous gene expression strategy of designed biosynthetic gene clusters in the Streptomyces chassis strain, and future directions to expand diversity of novel secondary metabolites.","doi":"10.4014/jmb.1904.04015","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dc329a8cf77efebe6723dadef6ea2c6ff9668934","result_position":53,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":3649657,"title":"Bioinformatics tools for the identification of gene clusters that biosynthesize specialized metabolites","venue":"Briefings Bioinform.","year":2018,"authors":["Arvind K. Chavali","S. Rhee"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1093/bib/bbx020","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a1e02fa661078c6a4bed84eb506150516e93931a","result_position":54,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":204974985,"title":"IMG-ABC v.5.0: an update to the IMG/Atlas of Biosynthetic Gene Clusters Knowledgebase","venue":"Nucleic Acids Res.","year":2019,"authors":["Krishna Palaniappan","I. Chen","Ken Chu","Anna Ratner","Rekha Seshadri","N. Kyrpides","Natalia N. Ivanova","N. Mouncey"],"abstract":"Microbial secondary metabolism is a reservoir of bioactive compounds of immense biotechnological and biomedical potential. The biosynthetic machinery responsible for the production of these secondary metabolites (SMs) (also called natural products) is often encoded by collocated groups of genes called biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). High-throughput genome sequencing of both isolates and metagenomic samples combined with the development of specialized computational workflows is enabling systematic identification of BGCs and the discovery of novel SMs. In order to advance exploration of microbial secondary metabolism and its diversity, we developed the largest publicly available database of predicted BGCs combined with experimentally verified BGCs, the Integrated Microbial Genomes Atlas of Biosynthetic gene Clusters (IMG-ABC) (https://img.jgi.doe.gov/abc-public). Here we describe the first major content update of the IMG-ABC knowledgebase, since its initial release in 2015, refreshing the BGC prediction pipeline with the latest version of antiSMASH (v5) as well as presenting the data in the context of underlying environmental metadata sourced from GOLD (https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/). This update has greatly improved the quality and expanded the types of predicted BGCs compared to the previous version.","doi":"10.1093/nar/gkz932","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/43f2eb8a52d5e8da6bfa14e0c529c11f0c232478","result_position":55,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":41587366,"title":"Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene cluster.","venue":"Nature Chemical Biology","year":2015,"authors":["M. Medema","R. Kottmann","Pelin Yilmaz","M. Cummings","J. Biggins","K. Blin","Irene de Bruijn","Y. Chooi","J. Claesen","R. Coates","Pablo Cruz-Morales","Srikanth Duddela","Stephanie Düsterhus","D. J. Edwards","D. Fewer","Neha Garg","Christoph Geiger","J. Gomez-Escribano","Anja Greule","Michalis Hadjithomas","A. Haines","Eric J. N. Helfrich","Matthew L. Hillwig","K. Ishida","Adam C. Jones","Carla S. Jones","K. Jungmann","Carsten Kegler","H. Kim","P. Kötter","D. Krug","J. Masschelein","A. Melnik","S. Mantovani","Emily A. Monroe","M. Moore","N. Moss","Hans-Wilhelm Nützmann","Guohui Pan","Amrita Pati","D. Petráš","F. Reen","Federico Rosconi","Z. Rui","Zhenhua Tian","Nicholas J. Tobias","Y. Tsunematsu","Philipp Wiemann","E. Wyckoff","Xiaohui Yan","Grace Yim","F. Yu","Yunchang Xie","Bertrand Aigle","A. Apel","C. Balibar","E. Balskus","F. Barona-Gómez","A. Bechthold","H. Bode","R. Borriss","S. Brady","A. Brakhage","P. Caffrey","Yi-Qiang Cheng","J. Clardy","Russell John Cox","R. De Mot","S. Donadio","M. Donia","W. A. van der Donk","P. Dorrestein","S. Doyle","A. Driessen","M. Ehling-Schulz","K. Entian","M. Fischbach","L. Gerwick","W. Gerwick","H. Gross","B. Gust","C. Hertweck","M. Höfte","S. Jensen","J. Ju","L. Katz","Leonard Kaysser","J. Klassen","N. Keller","J. Kormanec","O. Kuipers","T. Kuzuyama","N. Kyrpides","H. Kwon","Sylvie Lautru","R. Lavigne","Chia Y. Lee","B. Linquan","Xinyu Liu","Wen Liu","A. Luzhetskyy","T. Mahmud","Yvonne Mast","C. Méndez","M. Metsä‐Ketelä","Jason Micklefield","D. Mitchell","B. Moore","L. M. Moreira","R. Müller","B. Neilan","M. Nett","J. Nielsen","F. O'Gara","H. Oikawa","A. Osbourn","M. Osburne","B. Ostash","Shelley M. Payne","J. Pernodet","M. Petříček","J. Piel","O. Ploux","J. Raaijmakers","J. Salas","E. Schmitt","B. Scott","R. Seipke","B. Shen","D. Sherman","K. Sivonen","M. Smanski","M. Sosio","E. Stegmann","R. Süssmuth","K. Tahlan","Christopher M Thomas","Yi Tang","A. Truman","M. Viaud","J. Walton","C. Walsh","T. Weber","G. V. van Wezel","B. Wilkinson","J. Willey","W. Wohlleben","Gerard D. Wright","N. Ziemert","Changsheng Zhang","S. Zotchev","R. Breitling","E. Takano","F. Glöckner"],"abstract":"A wide variety of enzymatic pathways that produce specialized metabolites in bacteria, fungi and plants are known to be encoded in biosynthetic gene clusters. Information about these clusters, pathways and metabolites is currently dispersed throughout the literature, making it difficult to exploit. To facilitate consistent and systematic deposition and retrieval of data on biosynthetic gene clusters, we propose the Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene cluster (MIBiG) data standard.","doi":"10.1038/nchembio.1890","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/aebb1191e44ffe450276a05c65a559d713d73798","result_position":56,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":15121653,"title":"Insights into secondary metabolism from a global analysis of prokaryotic biosynthetic gene clusters.","venue":"Cell","year":2014,"authors":["Peter Cimermancic","M. Medema","J. Claesen","Kenji L. Kurita","Laura C. Wieland Brown","K. Mavrommatis","Amrita Pati","P. Godfrey","M. Koehrsen","J. Clardy","B. Birren","E. Takano","A. Sali","Roger G. Linington","M. Fischbach"],"abstract":"Although biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) have been discovered for hundreds of bacterial metabolites, our knowledge of their diversity remains limited. Here, we used a novel algorithm to systematically identify BGCs in the extensive extant microbial sequencing data. Network analysis of the predicted BGCs revealed large gene cluster families, the vast majority uncharacterized. We experimentally characterized the most prominent family, consisting of two subfamilies of hundreds of BGCs distributed throughout the Proteobacteria; their products are aryl polyenes, lipids with an aryl head group conjugated to a polyene tail. We identified a distant relationship to a third subfamily of aryl polyene BGCs, and together the three subfamilies represent the largest known family of biosynthetic gene clusters, with more than 1,000 members. Although these clusters are widely divergent in sequence, their small molecule products are remarkably conserved, indicating for the first time the important roles these compounds play in Gram-negative cell biology.","doi":"10.1016/j.cell.2014.06.034","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/033cca37b3d332f1927d93440dac5f1ad9a42a1e","result_position":57,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":615508,"title":"antiSMASH 2.0—a versatile platform for genome mining of secondary metabolite producers","venue":"Nucleic Acids Res.","year":2013,"authors":["K. Blin","M. Medema","Daniyal Kazempour","M. Fischbach","R. Breitling","E. Takano","T. Weber"],"abstract":"Microbial secondary metabolites are a potent source of antibiotics and other pharmaceuticals. Genome mining of their biosynthetic gene clusters has become a key method to accelerate their identification and characterization. In 2011, we developed antiSMASH, a web-based analysis platform that automates this process. Here, we present the highly improved antiSMASH 2.0 release, available at http://antismash.secondarymetabolites.org/. For the new version, antiSMASH was entirely re-designed using a plug-and-play concept that allows easy integration of novel predictor or output modules. antiSMASH 2.0 now supports input of multiple related sequences simultaneously (multi-FASTA/GenBank/EMBL), which allows the analysis of draft genomes comprising multiple contigs. Moreover, direct analysis of protein sequences is now possible. antiSMASH 2.0 has also been equipped with the capacity to detect additional classes of secondary metabolites, including oligosaccharide antibiotics, phenazines, thiopeptides, homo-serine lactones, phosphonates and furans. The algorithm for predicting the core structure of the cluster end product is now also covering lantipeptides, in addition to polyketides and non-ribosomal peptides. The antiSMASH ClusterBlast functionality has been extended to identify sub-clusters involved in the biosynthesis of specific chemical building blocks. The new features currently make antiSMASH 2.0 the most comprehensive resource for identifying and analyzing novel secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways in microorganisms.","doi":"10.1093/nar/gkt449","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e03291f3054e2b04f4d46d5f8a0b919173864250","result_position":58,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":231790742,"title":"The year 2020 in natural product bioinformatics: an overview of the latest tools and databases.","venue":"Natural product reports (Print)","year":2021,"authors":["M. Medema"],"abstract":"Covering: 2020Bioinformatic approaches to document and analyse chemical structures, biosynthetic gene clusters and analytical data play an important role in the study of natural products. Every year, such a large number of new algorithms, tools and databases are released, that it is difficult to keep track of all the latest developments. The aim of this short article is to provide a concise overview of and reference to the major tools, methods and databases that have been released in the past year.","doi":"10.1039/d0np00090f","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/25c6b046a8c4f7114e36b4a55a3251558ad43206","result_position":59,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":260413030,"title":"Molecular dynamics and simulation analysis against superoxide dismutase (SOD) target of Micrococcus luteus with secondary metabolites from Bacillus licheniformis recognized by genome mining approach","venue":"Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences","year":2023,"authors":["Zabin K. Bagewadi","T. M. Yunus Khan","B. Gangadharappa","Ankita Kamalapurkar","Shaik Mohamed Shamsudeen","Deepak A. Yaraguppi"],"abstract":"Micrococcus luteus, also known as M. luteus, is a bacterium that inhabits mucous membranes, human skin, and various environmental sources. It is commonly linked to infections, especially among individuals who have compromised immune systems. M. luteus is capable of synthesizing the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) as a component of its protective response to reactive oxygen species (ROS). This enzyme serves as a promising target for drug development in various diseases. The current study utilized a subtractive genomics approach to identify potential therapeutic targets from M. luteus. Additionally, genome mining was employed to identify and characterize the biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) responsible for the production of secondary metabolites in Bacillus licheniformis (B. licheniformis), a bacterium known for its production of therapeutically relevant secondary metabolites. Subtractive genomics resulted in identification of important extracellular protein SOD as a drug target that plays a crucial role in shielding cells from damage caused by ROS. Genome mining resulted in identification of five potential ligands (secondary metabolites) from B. licheniformis such as, Bacillibactin (BAC), Paenibactin (PAE), Fengycin (FEN), Surfactin (SUR) and Lichenysin (LIC). Molecular docking was used to predict and analyze the binding interactions between these five ligands and target protein SOD. The resulting protein–ligand complexes were further analyzed for their motions and interactions of atoms and molecules over 250 ns using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation analysis. The analysis of MD simulations suggests, Bacillibactin as the probable candidate to arrest the activities of SOD. All the five compounds reported in this study were found to act by directly/indirectly interacting with ROS molecules, such as superoxide radicals (O2–) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and transforming them into less reactive species. This antioxidant activity contributes to its protective effects against oxidative stress-induced damage in cells making them likely candidate for various applications, including in the development of antioxidant-based therapies, nutraceuticals, and functional foods.","doi":"10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103753","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f79db12d4072061426e2ac6215d899013de6cddd","result_position":60,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":3490948,"title":"From genomics to metabolomics, moving toward an integrated strategy for the discovery of fungal secondary metabolites.","venue":"Natural product reports (Print)","year":2018,"authors":["Thaïs Hautbergue","E. Jamin","Laurent Debrauwer","O. Puel","Isabelle P Oswald"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1039/c7np00032d","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a52e67352458076638909f4cd4216b96fc96fa39","result_position":61,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":861644,"title":"Phylogenomic Analysis of Natural Products Biosynthetic Gene Clusters Allows Discovery of Arseno-Organic Metabolites in Model Streptomycetes","venue":"bioRxiv","year":2016,"authors":["Pablo Cruz-Morales","J. F. Kopp","Christian E. Martínez-Guerrero","Luis Alfonso Yáñez-Guerra","Nelly Sélem-Mojica","Hilda E Ramos-Aboites","J. Feldmann","F. Barona-Gómez"],"abstract":"Natural products from microbes have provided humans with beneficial antibiotics for millennia. However, a decline in the pace of antibiotic discovery exerts pressure on human health as antibiotic resistance spreads, a challenge that may better faced by unveiling chemical diversity produced by microbes. Current microbial genome mining approaches have revitalized research into antibiotics, but the empirical nature of these methods limits the chemical space that is explored. Here, we address the problem of finding novel pathways by incorporating evolutionary principles into genome mining. We recapitulated the evolutionary history of twenty-three enzyme families previously uninvestigated in the context of natural product biosynthesis in Actinobacteria, the most proficient producers of natural products. Our genome evolutionary analyses where based on the assumption that expanded-repurposed enzyme families-from central metabolism, occur frequently and thus have the potential to catalyze new conversions in the context of natural products biosynthesis. Our analyses led to the discovery of biosynthetic gene clusters coding for hidden chemical diversity, as validated by comparing our predictions with those from state-of-the-art genome mining tools; as well as experimentally demonstrating the existence of a biosynthetic pathway for arseno-organic metabolites in Streptomyces coelicolor and Streptomyces lividans, using gene knockout and metabolite profile combined strategy. As our approach does not rely solely on sequence similarity searches of previously identified biosynthetic enzymes, these results establish the basis for the development of an evolutionary-driven genome mining tool that complements current platforms. We anticipate that by doing so real ‘chemical dark matter’ will be unveiled.","doi":"10.1093/gbe/evw125","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/62e5e8116910d96649a19b0739037b4e485b6c2d","result_position":62,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":275294636,"title":"Current Approaches for Genetic Manipulation of Streptomyces spp.—Key Bacteria for Biotechnology and Environment","venue":"BioTech","year":2025,"authors":["Sergii Krysenko"],"abstract":"Organisms from the genus Streptomyces feature actinobacteria with complex developmental cycles and a great ability to produce a variety of natural products. These soil bacteria produce more than 2/3 of antibiotics used in medicine, and a large variety of bioactive compounds for industrial, medical and agricultural use. Although Streptomyces spp. have been studied for decades, the engineering of these bacteria remains challenging, and the available genetic tools are rather limited. Furthermore, most biosynthetic gene clusters in these bacteria are silent and require strategies to activate them and exploit their production potential. In order to explore, understand and manipulate the capabilities of Streptomyces spp. as a key bacterial for biotechnology, synthetic biology strategies emerged as a valuable component of Streptomyces research. Recent advancements in strategies for genetic manipulation of Streptomyces involving proposals of a large variety of synthetic components for the genetic toolbox, as well as new approaches for genome mining, assembly of genetic constructs and their delivery into the cell, allowed facilitation of the turnaround time of strain engineering and efficient production of new natural products at an industrial scale, but still have strain- and design-dependent limitations. A new perspective offered recently by technical advances in DNA sequencing, analysis and editing proposed strategies to overcome strain- and construct-specific difficulties in the engineering of Streptomyces. In this review, challenges and recent developments of approaches for Streptomyces engineering are discussed, an overview of novel synthetic biology strategies is provided and examples of successful application of new technologies in molecular genetic engineering of Streptomyces are highlighted.","doi":"10.3390/biotech14010003","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/24ece2f7ce7410a4a135e71af91ca02995830e78","result_position":63,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":131777114,"title":"Genome Features and Secondary Metabolites Biosynthetic Potential of the Class Ktedonobacteria","venue":"Frontiers in Microbiology","year":2019,"authors":["Yu Zheng","Ayana Saitou","Chiung-mei Wang","A. Toyoda","Yohei Minakuchi","Y. Sekiguchi","K. Ueda","H. Takano","Y. Sakai","Keietsu Abe","A. Yokota","S. Yabe"],"abstract":"The prevalence of antibiotic resistance and the decrease in novel antibiotic discovery in recent years necessitates the identification of potentially novel microbial resources to produce natural products. Ktedonobacteria, a class of deeply branched bacterial lineage in the ancient phylum Chloroflexi, are ubiquitous in terrestrial environments and characterized by their large genome size and complex life cycle. These characteristics indicate Ktedonobacteria as a potential active producer of bioactive compounds. In this study, we observed the existence of a putative “megaplasmid,” multiple copies of ribosomal RNA operons, and high ratio of hypothetical proteins with unknown functions in the class Ktedonobacteria. Furthermore, a total of 104 antiSMASH-predicted putative biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) for secondary metabolites with high novelty and diversity were identified in nine Ktedonobacteria genomes. Our investigation of domain composition and organization of the non-ribosomal peptide synthetase and polyketide synthase BGCs further supports the concept that class Ktedonobacteria may produce compounds structurally different from known natural products. Furthermore, screening of bioactive compounds from representative Ktedonobacteria strains resulted in the identification of broad antimicrobial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative tested bacterial strains. Based on these findings, we propose the ancient, ubiquitous, and spore-forming Ktedonobacteria as a versatile and promising microbial resource for natural product discovery.","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2019.00893","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7c99321fe759f13ced0ec1a40b0629815981abc2","result_position":64,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":45695947,"title":"In silico tools for the analysis of antibiotic biosynthetic pathways.","venue":"International Journal of Medical Microbiology","year":2014,"authors":["T. Weber"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.ijmm.2014.02.001","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0be45a2269b7ad63be04228afa1a72bd9f638dd3","result_position":65,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":249837457,"title":"Targeted Large-Scale Genome Mining and Candidate Prioritization for Natural Product Discovery","venue":"Marine Drugs","year":2022,"authors":["J. Malit","Hiu Yu Cherie Leung","P. Qian"],"abstract":"Large-scale genome-mining analyses have identified an enormous number of cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) as a great source of novel bioactive natural products. Given the sheer number of natural product (NP) candidates, effective strategies and computational methods are keys to choosing appropriate BGCs for further NP characterization and production. This review discusses genomics-based approaches for prioritizing candidate BGCs extracted from large-scale genomic data, by highlighting studies that have successfully produced compounds with high chemical novelty, novel biosynthesis pathway, and potent bioactivities. We group these studies based on their BGC-prioritization logics: detecting presence of resistance genes, use of phylogenomics analysis as a guide, and targeting for specific chemical structures. We also briefly comment on the different bioinformatics tools used in the field and examine practical considerations when employing a large-scale genome mining study.","doi":"10.3390/md20060398","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/076f60b77330b90d7df24eac6884b9ac8c8be7cb","result_position":66,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":3469754,"title":"plantiSMASH: automated identification, annotation and expression analysis of plant biosynthetic gene clusters","venue":"bioRxiv","year":2016,"authors":["S. Kautsar","H. S. Duran","K. Blin","A. Osbourn","M. Medema"],"abstract":"Plant specialized metabolites are chemically highly diverse, play key roles in host-microbe interactions, have important nutritional value in crops and are frequently applied as medicines. It has recently become clear that plant biosynthetic pathway-encoding genes are sometimes densely clustered in specific genomic loci: biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). Here, we introduce plantiSMASH, a versatile online analysis platform that automates the identification of candidate plant BGCs. Moreover, it allows integration of transcriptomic data to prioritize candidate BGCs based on the coexpression patterns of predicted biosynthetic enzyme-coding genes, and facilitates comparative genomic analysis to study the evolutionary conservation of each cluster. Applied on 48 high-quality plant genomes, plantiSMASH identifies a rich diversity of candidate plant BGCs. These results will guide further experimental exploration of the nature and dynamics of gene clustering in plant metabolism. Moreover, spurred by the continuing decrease in costs of plant genome sequencing, they will allow genome mining technologies to be applied to plant natural product discovery. The plantiSMASH web server, precalculated results and source code are freely available from http://plantismash.secondarymetabolites.org.","doi":"10.1093/nar/gkx305","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/843baeb1d53af5b2bd9c646a96fd67abdc640692","result_position":67,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":235495252,"title":"Tapping Into Actinobacterial Genomes for Natural Product Discovery","venue":"Frontiers in Microbiology","year":2021,"authors":["T. Singh","A. K. Passari","A. Jajoo","S. Bhasin","V. Gupta","A. Hashem","A. Alqarawi","E. F. Abd_Allah"],"abstract":"The presence of secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) makes actinobacteria well-known producers of diverse metabolites. These ubiquitous microbes are extensively exploited for their ability to synthesize diverse secondary metabolites. The extent of their ability to synthesize various molecules is yet to be evaluated. Current advancements in genome sequencing, metabolomics, and bioinformatics have provided a plethora of information about the mechanism of synthesis of these bioactive molecules. Accessing the biosynthetic gene cluster responsible for the production of metabolites has always been a challenging assignment. The genomic approach developments have opened a new gateway for examining and manipulating novel antibiotic gene clusters. These advancements have now developed a better understanding of actinobacterial physiology and their genetic regulation for the prolific production of natural products. These new approaches provide a unique opportunity to discover novel bioactive compounds that might replenish antibiotics’ exhausted stock and counter the microbes’ resistance crisis.","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2021.655620","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4ad145f87a832f3d1a18404d26794641d3ff0db7","result_position":68,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":229434350,"title":"TOUCAN: a framework for fungal biosynthetic gene cluster discovery","venue":"NAR Genomics and Bioinformatics","year":2020,"authors":["Hayda Almeida","Sylvester Palys","A. Tsang","A. Diallo"],"abstract":"Abstract Fungal secondary metabolites (SMs) are an important source of numerous bioactive compounds largely applied in the pharmaceutical industry, as in the production of antibiotics and anticancer medications. The discovery of novel fungal SMs can potentially benefit human health. Identifying biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) involved in the biosynthesis of SMs can be a costly and complex task, especially due to the genomic diversity of fungal BGCs. Previous studies on fungal BGC discovery present limited scope and can restrict the discovery of new BGCs. In this work, we introduce TOUCAN, a supervised learning framework for fungal BGC discovery. Unlike previous methods, TOUCAN is capable of predicting BGCs on amino acid sequences, facilitating its use on newly sequenced and not yet curated data. It relies on three main pillars: rigorous selection of datasets by BGC experts; combination of functional, evolutionary and compositional features coupled with outperforming classifiers; and robust post-processing methods. TOUCAN best-performing model yields 0.982 F-measure on BGC regions in the Aspergillus niger genome. Overall results show that TOUCAN outperforms previous approaches. TOUCAN focuses on fungal BGCs but can be easily adapted to expand its scope to process other species or include new features.","doi":"10.1093/nargab/lqaa098","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2a5a4ec6dc281f9c99eca1d5b38fefa90105e5e9","result_position":69,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":8659041,"title":"Molecular networking and pattern-based genome mining improves discovery of biosynthetic gene clusters and their products from Salinispora species.","venue":"Chemistry and Biology","year":2015,"authors":["Katherine R. Duncan","M. Crüsemann","Anna Lechner","A. Sarkar","Jie Li","N. Ziemert","Mingxun Wang","N. Bandeira","B. Moore","P. Dorrestein","P. Jensen"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.chembiol.2015.03.010","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/baa3788fda00ca86ff0ea3afcf606bfe180da4d7","result_position":70,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":41496922,"title":"Metagenomic approaches for exploiting uncultivated bacteria as a resource for novel biosynthetic enzymology.","venue":"Chemistry and Biology","year":2013,"authors":["Micheal C. Wilson","J. Piel"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.chembiol.2013.04.011","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3fe4434433a15f04bc9cfec8085f73ace915a3b8","result_position":71,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":91190821,"title":"A genetical metabolomics approach for bioprospecting plant biosynthetic gene clusters","venue":"BMC Research Notes","year":2019,"authors":["Lotte Witjes","Rik Kooke","J. V. D. van der Hooft","R. D. de Vos","Joost J. B. Keurentjes","M. Medema","H. Nijveen"],"abstract":"Plants produce a plethora of specialized metabolites to defend themselves against pathogens and insects, to attract pollinators and to communicate with other organisms. Many of these are also applied in the clinic and in agriculture. Genes encoding the enzymes that drive the biosynthesis of these metabolites are sometimes physically grouped on the chromosome, in regions called biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). Several algorithms have been developed to identify plant BGCs, but a large percentage of predicted gene clusters upon further inspection do not show coexpression or do not encode a single functional biosynthetic pathway. Hence, further prioritization is needed. Here, we introduce a strategy to systematically evaluate potential functions of predicted BGCs by superimposing their locations on metabolite quantitative trait loci (mQTLs). We show the feasibility of such an approach by integrating automated BGC prediction with mQTL datasets originating from a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of Oryza sativa and a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of Arabidopsis thaliana. In these data, we identified several links for which the enzyme content of the BGCs matches well with the chemical features observed in the metabolite structure, suggesting that this method can effectively guide bioprospecting of plant BGCs.","doi":"10.1186/s13104-019-4222-3","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ad8598db058fcef7fb51d2f974876e33d8165aab","result_position":72,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":5205937,"title":"SeMPI: a genome-based secondary metabolite prediction and identification web server","venue":"Nucleic Acids Res.","year":2017,"authors":["Paul F. Zierep","Natàlia Padilla","Dimitar G. Yonchev","Kiran K. Telukunta","Dennis Klementz","S. Günther"],"abstract":"Abstract The secondary metabolism of bacteria, fungi and plants yields a vast number of bioactive substances. The constantly increasing amount of published genomic data provides the opportunity for an efficient identification of gene clusters by genome mining. Conversely, for many natural products with resolved structures, the encoding gene clusters have not been identified yet. Even though genome mining tools have become significantly more efficient in the identification of biosynthetic gene clusters, structural elucidation of the actual secondary metabolite is still challenging, especially due to as yet unpredictable post-modifications. Here, we introduce SeMPI, a web server providing a prediction and identification pipeline for natural products synthesized by polyketide synthases of type I modular. In order to limit the possible structures of PKS products and to include putative tailoring reactions, a structural comparison with annotated natural products was introduced. Furthermore, a benchmark was designed based on 40 gene clusters with annotated PKS products. The web server of the pipeline (SeMPI) is freely available at: http://www.pharmaceutical-bioinformatics.de/sempi.","doi":"10.1093/nar/gkx289","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b885034b879fb5997a323196cfa35fb9035d8496","result_position":73,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":20079826,"title":"Introduction to the Special Issue “Bioinformatic tools and approaches for Synthetic Biology of natural products”","venue":"Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology","year":2016,"authors":["T. Weber"],"abstract":"Microorganisms are the major source for the identification of novel bioactive natural products, which may serve as future lead molecules for drug development to treat infectious and other diseases. However, the research efforts to find suchmolecules have been hampered by high re-discovery rates of known biomolecules and a lack of new innovative screening technologies resulting in reduced screening efforts by large parts of the pharmaceutical industry. With recent advances in whole-genome sequencing technologies, mass spectrometry, cheminformatics and Synthetic Biology, new technologies are now available that could become game-changers in the field. All these technologies require strong computational efforts to analyze and mine the large datasets, and/or design and optimize new pathways for Synthetic Biology applications. This Special Issue of Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology tries to cover these developments by including eight reviews and research papers on the “state-of-the-art bioinformatic tools and approaches for Synthetic Biology of natural products”. They focus on reviewing the most recent approaches and strategies to identify and analyze secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters with dedicated software programs and databases, providing new publicly accessible web services for gene cluster identification and CRISPR-design for Synthetic Biology applications. In addition, some articles demonstrate the application of such approaches to identify and study secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways and biochemical reactions in the producers. The review by Weber and Kim1 summarizes the current approaches implemented in a variety of bioinformatics software programs to identify, analyze and engineer secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways and their producers. The article contains a comprehensive collection of available tools and databases, and also introduces the “Secondary Metabolite Bioinformatics Portal” at http://www.secondarymetabolites.org, a community-driven online catalog of bioinformatics software and databases related to natural products/secondary metabolites research. While the majority of bioinformatics approaches that are currently implemented use a “gene to metabolite”-approach, Khater et al. introduce a new method that allows the correlation of existing polyketide or non-ribosomal peptide structures to their biosynthetic pathways2 complementing the currently available tools. In the review by Pupin and colleagues,3 the latest features of the NORINE database, which currently is the largest curated collection of bioactive non-ribosomally synthesized peptides, are introduced and use-cases are demonstrated. While most genome mining approaches for secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters currently aim at identifying genes encoding core biosynthetic enzymes like polyketide synthases or non-ribosomal peptide synthetases, the review by Liu4 demonstrates that cytochrome P450 can also be valuable targets to mine for secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways and to identify enzymes for the tailoring of the metabolites. In addition to the complexity of the various biosynthetic gene clusters and their encoded pathways, growth conditions and the interaction with other organisms in the environment also play crucial roles for bioproduction. In the article of Jia et al., the current knowledge on synthetic microbial consortia and their influence on physiology are reviewed.5 Metabolic engineering and Synthetic Biology approaches in natural product/secondary metabolite producing microorganisms are often hampered by low efficiency or complete lack of genetic tools. The discovery of CRISPR/Cas9-based engineering technologies and their applications6 will likely revolutionize the field by providing highly efficient tools also for “difficult” organisms. In their article, Blin et al. present the web-based tool “CRISPy-web”, which provides an easy way to design sgRNAs (single guide RNA), which are prerequisites for most CRISPR/Cas9 applications based on userprovided genome sequence data.7 Meanwhile, the newweb-based software “FunGeneClusterS” can be used to identify fungal secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters by integrating genomics and transcriptomics data.8 The manuscript of Vesth et al. not only describes a highly improved Peer review under responsibility of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.","doi":"10.1016/j.synbio.2016.04.001","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e8876d51735ae6387e6392f7c1e30e8149397efa","result_position":74,"is_clicked":false}],"string":"[\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 220364688,\n \"title\": \"Mini review: Genome mining approaches for the identification of secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters in Streptomyces\",\n \"venue\": \"Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Namil Lee\",\n \"Soonkyu Hwang\",\n \"Jihun Kim\",\n \"Suhyung Cho\",\n \"B. Palsson\",\n \"Byung-Kwan Cho\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Streptomyces are a large and valuable resource of bioactive and complex secondary metabolites, many of which have important clinical applications. With the advances in high throughput genome sequencing methods, various in silico genome mining strategies have been developed and applied to the mapping of the Streptomyces genome. These studies have revealed that Streptomyces possess an even more significant number of uncharacterized silent secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (smBGCs) than previously estimated. Linking smBGCs to their encoded products has played a critical role in the discovery of novel secondary metabolites, as well as, knowledge-based engineering of smBGCs to produce altered products. In this mini review, we discuss recent progress in Streptomyces genome sequencing and the application of genome mining approaches to identify and characterize smBGCs. Furthermore, we discuss several challenges that need to be overcome to accelerate the genome mining process and ultimately support the discovery of novel bioactive compounds.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.csbj.2020.06.024\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/aa74ba444e9a9bfbe0055c11e4347a2aca7699a7\",\n \"result_position\": 0,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 10783143,\n \"title\": \"The secondary metabolite bioinformatics portal: Computational tools to facilitate synthetic biology of secondary metabolite production\",\n \"venue\": \"Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"T. Weber\",\n \"H. Kim\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Natural products are among the most important sources of lead molecules for drug discovery. With the development of affordable whole-genome sequencing technologies and other ‘omics tools, the field of natural products research is currently undergoing a shift in paradigms. While, for decades, mainly analytical and chemical methods gave access to this group of compounds, nowadays genomics-based methods offer complementary approaches to find, identify and characterize such molecules. This paradigm shift also resulted in a high demand for computational tools to assist researchers in their daily work. In this context, this review gives a summary of tools and databases that currently are available to mine, identify and characterize natural product biosynthesis pathways and their producers based on ‘omics data. A web portal called Secondary Metabolite Bioinformatics Portal (SMBP at http://www.secondarymetabolites.org) is introduced to provide a one-stop catalog and links to these bioinformatics resources. In addition, an outlook is presented how the existing tools and those to be developed will influence synthetic biology approaches in the natural products field.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.synbio.2015.12.002\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/710d73dc981df8021ca40cff4a4795c91803bcd1\",\n \"result_position\": 1,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 220387612,\n \"title\": \"Exploiting the Biosynthetic Potency of Taxol from Fungal Endophytes of Conifers Plants; Genome Mining and Metabolic Manipulation\",\n \"venue\": \"Molecules\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. El-Sayed\",\n \"M. El-Sayed\",\n \"Amgad M. Rady\",\n \"N. Zein\",\n \"G. Enan\",\n \"A. Shindia\",\n \"Sara El-Hefnawy\",\n \"M. Sitohy\",\n \"Basel Sitohy\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Endophytic fungi have been considered as a repertoire for bioactive secondary metabolites with potential application in medicine, agriculture and food industry. The biosynthetic pathways by fungal endophytes raise the argument of acquisition of these machineries of such complex metabolites from the plant host. Diterpenoids “Taxol” is the most effective anticancer drug with highest annual sale, since its discovery in 1970 from the Pacific yew tree, Taxus brevifolia. However, the lower yield of Taxol from this natural source (bark of T. brevifolia), availability and vulnerability of this plant to unpredicted fluctuation with the ecological and environmental conditions are the challenges. Endophytic fungi from Taxus spp. opened a new avenue for industrial Taxol production due to their fast growth, cost effectiveness, independence on climatic changes, feasibility of genetic manipulation. However, the anticipation of endophytic fungi for industrial Taxol production has been challenged by the loss of its productivity, due to the metabolic reprograming of cells, downregulating the expression of its encoding genes with subculturing and storage. Thus, the objectives of this review were to (1) Nominate the endophytic fungal isolates with the Taxol producing potency from Taxaceae and Podocarpaceae; (2) Emphasize the different approaches such as molecular manipulation, cultural optimization, co-cultivation for enhancing the Taxol productivities; (3) Accentuate the genome mining of the rate-limiting enzymes for rapid screening the Taxol biosynthetic machinery; (4) Triggering the silenced rate-limiting genes and transcriptional factors to activates the biosynthetic gene cluster of Taxol.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/molecules25133000\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0f43c71ddd7f881e37f839ebd663e36d7cd03e2f\",\n \"result_position\": 2,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 210158720,\n \"title\": \"Computational Tools for Discovering and Engineering Natural Product Biosynthetic Pathways\",\n \"venue\": \"iScience\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Hengqian Ren\",\n \"Chengyou Shi\",\n \"Huimin Zhao\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Natural products (NPs), also known as secondary metabolites, are produced in bacteria, fungi, and plants. NPs represent a rich source of antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer agents. Recent advances in DNA sequencing technologies and bioinformatics unveiled nature's great potential for synthesizing numerous NPs that may confer unprecedented structural and biological features. However, discovering novel bioactive NPs by genome mining remains a challenge. Moreover, even with interesting bioactivity, the low productivity of many NPs significantly limits their practical applications. Here we discuss the progress in developing bioinformatics tools for efficient discovery of bioactive NPs. In addition, we highlight computational methods for optimizing the productivity of NPs of pharmaceutical importance.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.isci.2019.100795\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/98f0496edbe6f997ca43353d8048cea0139f6f88\",\n \"result_position\": 3,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 220364602,\n \"title\": \"Challenges and advances in genome mining of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs)\",\n \"venue\": \"Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Zheng Zhong\",\n \"Beibei He\",\n \"Jie Li\",\n \"Yong-Xin Li\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) are a class of cyclic or linear peptidic natural products with remarkable structural and functional diversity. Recent advances in genomics and synthetic biology, are facilitating us to discover a large number of new ribosomal natural products, including lanthipeptides, lasso peptides, sactipeptides, thiopeptides, microviridins, cyanobactins, linear thiazole/oxazole-containing peptides and so on. In this review, we summarize bioinformatic strategies that have been developed to identify and prioritize biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) encoding RiPPs, and the genome mining-guided discovery of novel RiPPs. We also prospectively provide a vision of what genomics-guided discovery of RiPPs may look like in the future, especially the discovery of RiPPs from dominant but uncultivated microbes, which will be promoted by the combinational use of synthetic biology and metagenome mining strategies.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.synbio.2020.06.002\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/80378669fdfdc0faac2d3d48d7dd90a0045de8dc\",\n \"result_position\": 4,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 246516043,\n \"title\": \"Multi-Omics Data Mining: A Novel Tool for BioBrick Design\",\n \"venue\": \"Synthetic Genomics - From BioBricks to Synthetic Genomes\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Angie Burgos-Toro\",\n \"M. Dippe\",\n \"Andres Felipe Vásquez\",\n \"Eric Pierschel\",\n \"Ludger Aloisius Wessjohann\",\n \"Miguel Fernández-Niño\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Currently, billions of nucleotide and amino acid sequences accumulate in free-access databases as a result of the omics revolution, the improvement in sequencing technologies, and the systematic storage of shotgun sequencing data from a large and diverse number of organisms. In this chapter, multi-omics data mining approaches will be discussed as a novel tool for the identification and characterization of novel DNA sequences encoding elementary parts of complex biological systems (BioBricks) using omics libraries. Multi-omics data mining opens up the possibility to identify novel unknown sequences from free-access databases. It also provides an excellent platform for the identification and design of novel BioBricks by using previously well-characterized biological bricks as scaffolds for homology searching and BioBrick design. In this chapter, the most recent mining approaches will be discussed, and several examples will be presented to highlight its relevance as a novel tool for synthetic biology.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5772/intechopen.101351\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1ee7399f96e1377c7f30165894cf84e8791eb540\",\n \"result_position\": 5,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 234471398,\n \"title\": \"antiSMASH 6.0: improving cluster detection and comparison capabilities\",\n \"venue\": \"Nucleic Acids Res.\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"K. Blin\",\n \"S. Shaw\",\n \"Alexander M. Kloosterman\",\n \"Z. Charlop-Powers\",\n \"G. P. Wezel\",\n \"M. Medema\",\n \"T. Weber\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract Many microorganisms produce natural products that form the basis of antimicrobials, antivirals, and other drugs. Genome mining is routinely used to complement screening-based workflows to discover novel natural products. Since 2011, the \\\"antibiotics and secondary metabolite analysis shell—antiSMASH\\\" (https://antismash.secondarymetabolites.org/) has supported researchers in their microbial genome mining tasks, both as a free-to-use web server and as a standalone tool under an OSI-approved open-source license. It is currently the most widely used tool for detecting and characterising biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in bacteria and fungi. Here, we present the updated version 6 of antiSMASH. antiSMASH 6 increases the number of supported cluster types from 58 to 71, displays the modular structure of multi-modular BGCs, adds a new BGC comparison algorithm, allows for the integration of results from other prediction tools, and more effectively detects tailoring enzymes in RiPP clusters.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1093/nar/gkab335\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a4255361de8d7e7780547da29556095eae9dbbc1\",\n \"result_position\": 6,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 226270759,\n \"title\": \"The antiSMASH database version 3: increased taxonomic coverage and new query features for modular enzymes\",\n \"venue\": \"Nucleic Acids Res.\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"K. Blin\",\n \"S. Shaw\",\n \"S. Kautsar\",\n \"M. Medema\",\n \"T. Weber\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract Microorganisms produce natural products that are frequently used in the development of antibacterial, antiviral, and anticancer drugs, pesticides, herbicides, or fungicides. In recent years, genome mining has evolved into a prominent method to access this potential. antiSMASH is one of the most popular tools for this task. Here, we present version 3 of the antiSMASH database, providing a means to access and query precomputed antiSMASH-5.2-detected biosynthetic gene clusters from representative, publicly available, high-quality microbial genomes via an interactive graphical user interface. In version 3, the database contains 147 517 high quality BGC regions from 388 archaeal, 25 236 bacterial and 177 fungal genomes and is available at https://antismash-db.secondarymetabolites.org/.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1093/nar/gkaa978\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0b881b81c459b928a5de096691db2504f2573e19\",\n \"result_position\": 7,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 215757407,\n \"title\": \"Genome Mining as New Challenge in Natural Products Discovery\",\n \"venue\": \"Marine Drugs\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"L. Albarano\",\n \"R. Esposito\",\n \"Nadia Ruocco\",\n \"M. Costantini\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Drug discovery is based on bioactivity screening of natural sources, traditionally represented by bacteria fungi and plants. Bioactive natural products and their secondary metabolites have represented the main source for new therapeutic agents, used as drug leads for new antibiotics and anticancer agents. After the discovery of the first biosynthetic genes in the last decades, the researchers had in their hands the tool to understand the biosynthetic logic and genetic basis leading to the production of these compounds. Furthermore, in the genomic era, in which the number of available genomes is increasing, genome mining joined to synthetic biology are offering a significant help in drug discovery. In the present review we discuss the importance of genome mining and synthetic biology approaches to identify new natural products, also underlining considering the possible advantages and disadvantages of this technique. Moreover, we debate the associated techniques that can be applied following to genome mining for validation of data. Finally, we review on the literature describing all novel natural drugs isolated from bacteria, fungi, and other living organisms, not only from the marine environment, by a genome-mining approach, focusing on the literature available in the last ten years.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/md18040199\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/50f7e03cdff67729296cc8f7b331ea4f0a43014b\",\n \"result_position\": 8,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 3800628,\n \"title\": \"PRISM 3: expanded prediction of natural product chemical structures from microbial genomes\",\n \"venue\": \"Nucleic Acids Res.\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Skinnider\",\n \"Nishanth J. Merwin\",\n \"Chad W. Johnston\",\n \"N. Magarvey\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract Microbial natural products represent a rich resource of pharmaceutically and industrially important compounds. Genome sequencing has revealed that the majority of natural products remain undiscovered, and computational methods to connect biosynthetic gene clusters to their corresponding natural products therefore have the potential to revitalize natural product discovery. Previously, we described PRediction Informatics for Secondary Metabolomes (PRISM), a combinatorial approach to chemical structure prediction for genetically encoded nonribosomal peptides and type I and II polyketides. Here, we present a ground-up rewrite of the PRISM structure prediction algorithm to derive prediction of natural products arising from non-modular biosynthetic paradigms. Within this new version, PRISM 3, natural product scaffolds are modeled as chemical graphs, permitting structure prediction for aminocoumarins, antimetabolites, bisindoles and phosphonate natural products, and building upon the addition of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides. Further, with the addition of cluster detection for 11 new cluster types, PRISM 3 expands to detect 22 distinct natural product cluster types. Other major modifications to PRISM include improved sequence input and ORF detection, user-friendliness and output. Distribution of PRISM 3 over a 300-core server grid improves the speed and capacity of the web application. PRISM 3 is available at http://magarveylab.ca/prism/.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1093/nar/gkx320\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ab75897c7e7d6e57d6af4f8e8245405d9079224e\",\n \"result_position\": 9,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 216609648,\n \"title\": \"Recent development of antiSMASH and other computational approaches to mine secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters\",\n \"venue\": \"Briefings Bioinform.\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"K. Blin\",\n \"H. Kim\",\n \"M. Medema\",\n \"T. Weber\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract Many drugs are derived from small molecules produced by microorganisms and plants, so-called natural products. Natural products have diverse chemical structures, but the biosynthetic pathways producing those compounds are often organized as biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) and follow a highly conserved biosynthetic logic. This allows for the identification of core biosynthetic enzymes using genome mining strategies that are based on the sequence similarity of the involved enzymes/genes. However, mining for a variety of BGCs quickly approaches a complexity level where manual analyses are no longer possible and require the use of automated genome mining pipelines, such as the antiSMASH software. In this review, we discuss the principles underlying the predictions of antiSMASH and other tools and provide practical advice for their application. Furthermore, we discuss important caveats such as rule-based BGC detection, sequence and annotation quality and cluster boundary prediction, which all have to be considered while planning for, performing and analyzing the results of genome mining studies.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1093/bib/bbx146\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bee6bb17f1f05d4dea2fe9d97da95c60ef74c41b\",\n \"result_position\": 10,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 37133880,\n \"title\": \"The evolution of genome mining in microbes - a review.\",\n \"venue\": \"Natural product reports (Print)\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"N. Ziemert\",\n \"Mohammad Alanjary\",\n \"T. Weber\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Covering: 2006 to 2016The computational mining of genomes has become an important part in the discovery of novel natural products as drug leads. Thousands of bacterial genome sequences are publically available these days containing an even larger number and diversity of secondary metabolite gene clusters that await linkage to their encoded natural products. With the development of high-throughput sequencing methods and the wealth of DNA data available, a variety of genome mining methods and tools have been developed to guide discovery and characterisation of these compounds. This article reviews the development of these computational approaches during the last decade and shows how the revolution of next generation sequencing methods has led to an evolution of various genome mining approaches, techniques and tools. After a short introduction and brief overview of important milestones, this article will focus on the different approaches of mining genomes for secondary metabolites, from detecting biosynthetic genes to resistance based methods and \\\"evo-mining\\\" strategies including a short evaluation of the impact of the development of genome mining methods and tools on the field of natural products and microbial ecology.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1039/c6np00025h\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c86952981c9256e090b1ba3be8397729153abb8d\",\n \"result_position\": 11,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 12244473,\n \"title\": \"antiSMASH 3.0—a comprehensive resource for the genome mining of biosynthetic gene clusters\",\n \"venue\": \"Nucleic Acids Res.\",\n \"year\": 2015,\n \"authors\": [\n \"T. Weber\",\n \"K. Blin\",\n \"Srikanth Duddela\",\n \"D. Krug\",\n \"H. Kim\",\n \"R. Bruccoleri\",\n \"S. Lee\",\n \"M. Fischbach\",\n \"R. Müller\",\n \"W. Wohlleben\",\n \"R. Breitling\",\n \"E. Takano\",\n \"M. Medema\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract Microbial secondary metabolism constitutes a rich source of antibiotics, chemotherapeutics, insecticides and other high-value chemicals. Genome mining of gene clusters that encode the biosynthetic pathways for these metabolites has become a key methodology for novel compound discovery. In 2011, we introduced antiSMASH, a web server and stand-alone tool for the automatic genomic identification and analysis of biosynthetic gene clusters, available at http://antismash.secondarymetabolites.org. Here, we present version 3.0 of antiSMASH, which has undergone major improvements. A full integration of the recently published ClusterFinder algorithm now allows using this probabilistic algorithm to detect putative gene clusters of unknown types. Also, a new dereplication variant of the ClusterBlast module now identifies similarities of identified clusters to any of 1172 clusters with known end products. At the enzyme level, active sites of key biosynthetic enzymes are now pinpointed through a curated pattern-matching procedure and Enzyme Commission numbers are assigned to functionally classify all enzyme-coding genes. Additionally, chemical structure prediction has been improved by incorporating polyketide reduction states. Finally, in order for users to be able to organize and analyze multiple antiSMASH outputs in a private setting, a new XML output module allows offline editing of antiSMASH annotations within the Geneious software.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1093/nar/gkv437\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/620ee7b83c0624c9b2597f404f94aa5bf7a0e638\",\n \"result_position\": 12,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 220893223,\n \"title\": \"From Ocean to Medicine: Pharmaceutical Applications of Metabolites from Marine Bacteria\",\n \"venue\": \"Antibiotics\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. D. Santos\",\n \"I. Vitorino\",\n \"F. Reyes\",\n \"F. Vicente\",\n \"O. Lage\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Oceans cover seventy percent of the planet’s surface and besides being an immense reservoir of biological life, they serve as vital sources for human sustenance, tourism, transport and commerce. Yet, it is estimated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) that eighty percent of the oceans remain unexplored. The untapped biological resources present in oceans may be fundamental in solving several of the world’s public health crises of the 21st century, which span from the rise of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, pathogenic fungi and parasites, to the rise of cancer incidence and viral infection outbreaks. In this review, health risks as well as how marine bacterial derived natural products may be tools to fight them will be discussed. Moreover, an overview will be made of the research pipeline of novel molecules, from identification of bioactive bacterial crude extracts to the isolation and chemical characterization of the molecules within the framework of the One Health approach. This review highlights information that has been published since 2014, showing the current relevance of marine bacteria for the discovery of novel natural products.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/antibiotics9080455\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d795ce2b02aca26caeb635cb0dd6a5bb882d8f57\",\n \"result_position\": 13,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 205245352,\n \"title\": \"The Antibiotic Resistant Target Seeker (ARTS), an exploration engine for antibiotic cluster prioritization and novel drug target discovery\",\n \"venue\": \"Nucleic Acids Res.\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Mohammad Alanjary\",\n \"B. Kronmiller\",\n \"Martina Adamek\",\n \"K. Blin\",\n \"T. Weber\",\n \"D. Huson\",\n \"B. Philmus\",\n \"N. Ziemert\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract With the rise of multi-drug resistant pathogens and the decline in number of potential new antibiotics in development there is a fervent need to reinvigorate the natural products discovery pipeline. Most antibiotics are derived from secondary metabolites produced by microorganisms and plants. To avoid suicide, an antibiotic producer harbors resistance genes often found within the same biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) responsible for manufacturing the antibiotic. Existing mining tools are excellent at detecting BGCs or resistant genes in general, but provide little help in prioritizing and identifying gene clusters for compounds active against specific and novel targets. Here we introduce the ‘Antibiotic Resistant Target Seeker’ (ARTS) available at https://arts.ziemertlab.com. ARTS allows for specific and efficient genome mining for antibiotics with interesting and novel targets. The aim of this web server is to automate the screening of large amounts of sequence data and to focus on the most promising strains that produce antibiotics with new modes of action. ARTS integrates target directed genome mining methods, antibiotic gene cluster predictions and ‘essential gene screening’ to provide an interactive page for rapid identification of known and putative targets in BGCs.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1093/nar/gkx360\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c87d6147c79af2a5b985bdb8c356228191809cd4\",\n \"result_position\": 14,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 254277231,\n \"title\": \"Navigating and expanding the roadmap of natural product genome mining tools\",\n \"venue\": \"Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Friederike Biermann\",\n \"Sebastian L. Wenski\",\n \"Eric J. N. Helfrich\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Natural products are structurally highly diverse and exhibit a wide array of biological activities. As a result, they serve as an important source of new drug leads. Traditionally, natural products have been discovered by bioactivity-guided fractionation. The advent of genome sequencing technology has resulted in the introduction of an alternative approach towards novel natural product scaffolds: Genome mining. Genome mining is an in-silico natural product discovery strategy in which sequenced genomes are analyzed for the potential of the associated organism to produce natural products. Seemingly universal biosynthetic principles have been deciphered for most natural product classes that are used to detect natural product biosynthetic gene clusters using pathway-encoded conserved key enzymes, domains, or motifs as bait. Several generations of highly sophisticated tools have been developed for the biosynthetic rule-based identification of natural product gene clusters. Apart from these hard-coded algorithms, multiple tools that use machine learning-based approaches have been designed to complement the existing genome mining tool set and focus on natural product gene clusters that lack genes with conserved signature sequences. In this perspective, we take a closer look at state-of-the-art genome mining tools that are based on either hard-coded rules or machine learning algorithms, with an emphasis on the confidence of their predictions and potential to identify non-canonical natural product biosynthetic gene clusters. We highlight the genome mining pipelines' current strengths and limitations by contrasting their advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, we introduce two indirect biosynthetic gene cluster identification strategies that complement current workflows. The combination of all genome mining approaches will pave the way towards a more comprehensive understanding of the full biosynthetic repertoire encoded in microbial genome sequences.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3762/bjoc.18.178\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b37af83661bc71881259cadb1f9df82a4ea02f82\",\n \"result_position\": 15,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 7901256,\n \"title\": \"antiSMASH: rapid identification, annotation and analysis of secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene clusters in bacterial and fungal genome sequences\",\n \"venue\": \"Nucleic Acids Res.\",\n \"year\": 2011,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Medema\",\n \"K. Blin\",\n \"Peter Cimermancic\",\n \"V. D. Jager\",\n \"Piotr Zakrzewski\",\n \"M. Fischbach\",\n \"T. Weber\",\n \"E. Takano\",\n \"R. Breitling\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Bacterial and fungal secondary metabolism is a rich source of novel bioactive compounds with potential pharmaceutical applications as antibiotics, anti-tumor drugs or cholesterol-lowering drugs. To find new drug candidates, microbiologists are increasingly relying on sequencing genomes of a wide variety of microbes. However, rapidly and reliably pinpointing all the potential gene clusters for secondary metabolites in dozens of newly sequenced genomes has been extremely challenging, due to their biochemical heterogeneity, the presence of unknown enzymes and the dispersed nature of the necessary specialized bioinformatics tools and resources. Here, we present antiSMASH (antibiotics & Secondary Metabolite Analysis Shell), the first comprehensive pipeline capable of identifying biosynthetic loci covering the whole range of known secondary metabolite compound classes (polyketides, non-ribosomal peptides, terpenes, aminoglycosides, aminocoumarins, indolocarbazoles, lantibiotics, bacteriocins, nucleosides, beta-lactams, butyrolactones, siderophores, melanins and others). It aligns the identified regions at the gene cluster level to their nearest relatives from a database containing all other known gene clusters, and integrates or cross-links all previously available secondary-metabolite specific gene analysis methods in one interactive view. antiSMASH is available at http://antismash.secondarymetabolites.org.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1093/nar/gkr466\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e2a4073a235cd58a67be0eeae9b415c8426b468c\",\n \"result_position\": 16,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 14353116,\n \"title\": \"Genomes to natural products PRediction Informatics for Secondary Metabolomes (PRISM)\",\n \"venue\": \"Nucleic Acids Research\",\n \"year\": 2015,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Skinnider\",\n \"C. Dejong\",\n \"Philip N. Rees\",\n \"Chad W. Johnston\",\n \"Haoxin Li\",\n \"Andrew L. H. Webster\",\n \"Morgan A. Wyatt\",\n \"N. Magarvey\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Microbial natural products are an invaluable source of evolved bioactive small molecules and pharmaceutical agents. Next-generation and metagenomic sequencing indicates untapped genomic potential, yet high rediscovery rates of known metabolites increasingly frustrate conventional natural product screening programs. New methods to connect biosynthetic gene clusters to novel chemical scaffolds are therefore critical to enable the targeted discovery of genetically encoded natural products. Here, we present PRISM, a computational resource for the identification of biosynthetic gene clusters, prediction of genetically encoded nonribosomal peptides and type I and II polyketides, and bio- and cheminformatic dereplication of known natural products. PRISM implements novel algorithms which render it uniquely capable of predicting type II polyketides, deoxygenated sugars, and starter units, making it a comprehensive genome-guided chemical structure prediction engine. A library of 57 tailoring reactions is leveraged for combinatorial scaffold library generation when multiple potential substrates are consistent with biosynthetic logic. We compare the accuracy of PRISM to existing genomic analysis platforms. PRISM is an open-source, user-friendly web application available at http://magarveylab.ca/prism/.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1093/nar/gkv1012\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8ca13dea6e2c5ebe3e156dd9920a2b2a927637c3\",\n \"result_position\": 17,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 9249256,\n \"title\": \"Computational approaches to natural product discovery.\",\n \"venue\": \"Nature Chemical Biology\",\n \"year\": 2015,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Medema\",\n \"M. Fischbach\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/nchembio.1884\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2595dcfd8ff6ef2f433f276fa6c24206465d6e57\",\n \"result_position\": 18,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 19022900,\n \"title\": \"SMURF: Genomic mapping of fungal secondary metabolite clusters.\",\n \"venue\": \"Fungal Genetics and Biology\",\n \"year\": 2010,\n \"authors\": [\n \"N. Khaldi\",\n \"F. Seifuddin\",\n \"G. Turner\",\n \"D. Haft\",\n \"W. Nierman\",\n \"K. H. Wolfe\",\n \"N. Fedorova\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Fungi produce an impressive array of secondary metabolites (SMs) including mycotoxins, antibiotics and pharmaceuticals. The genes responsible for their biosynthesis, export, and transcriptional regulation are often found in contiguous gene clusters. To facilitate annotation of these clusters in sequenced fungal genomes, we developed the web-based software SMURF (www.jcvi.org/smurf/) to systematically predict clustered SM genes based on their genomic context and domain content. We applied SMURF to catalog putative clusters in 27 publicly available fungal genomes. Comparison with genetically characterized clusters from six fungal species showed that SMURF accurately recovered all clusters and detected additional potential clusters. Subsequent comparative analysis revealed the striking biosynthetic capacity and variability of the fungal SM pathways and the correlation between unicellularity and the absence of SMs. Further genetics studies are needed to experimentally confirm these clusters.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.fgb.2010.06.003\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6110ea345600138bcd7b8230487f0db05bd5df89\",\n \"result_position\": 19,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 264672820,\n \"title\": \"The antiSMASH database version 4: additional genomes and BGCs, new sequence-based searches and more\",\n \"venue\": \"Nucleic Acids Research\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"K. Blin\",\n \"S. Shaw\",\n \"Marnix M Medema\",\n \"T. Weber\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract Many microorganisms produce natural products that are frequently used in the development of medicines and crop protection agents. Genome mining has evolved into a prominent method to access this potential. antiSMASH is the most popular tool for this task. Here we present version 4 of the antiSMASH database, providing biosynthetic gene clusters detected by antiSMASH 7.1 in publicly available, dereplicated, high-quality microbial genomes via an interactive graphical user interface. In version 4, the database contains 231 534 high quality BGC regions from 592 archaeal, 35 726 bacterial and 236 fungal genomes and is available at https://antismash-db.secondarymetabolites.org/.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1093/nar/gkad984\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1f531c32d49101bd8e4b206eee74ee483dc2e27b\",\n \"result_position\": 20,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 216651172,\n \"title\": \"The antiSMASH database version 2: a comprehensive resource on secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters\",\n \"venue\": \"Nucleic Acids Res.\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"K. Blin\",\n \"Victòria Pascal Andreu\",\n \"E. D. L. Santos\",\n \"F. D. Carratore\",\n \"S. Lee\",\n \"M. Medema\",\n \"T. Weber\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract Natural products originating from microorganisms are frequently used in antimicrobial and anticancer drugs, pesticides, herbicides or fungicides. In the last years, the increasing availability of microbial genome data has made it possible to access the wealth of biosynthetic clusters responsible for the production of these compounds by genome mining. antiSMASH is one of the most popular tools in this field. The antiSMASH database provides pre-computed antiSMASH results for many publicly available microbial genomes and allows for advanced cross-genome searches. The current version 2 of the antiSMASH database contains annotations for 6200 full bacterial genomes and 18,576 bacterial draft genomes and is available at https://antismash-db.secondarymetabolites.org/.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1093/nar/gky1060\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4adae0cedf1c6a269299f68f815d9115c7e2362a\",\n \"result_position\": 21,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 260689996,\n \"title\": \"Bioactive Metabolites from Terrestrial and Marine Actinomycetes\",\n \"venue\": \"Molecules\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Chananan Ngamcharungchit\",\n \"Nutsuda Chaimusik\",\n \"W. Panbangred\",\n \"Jirayut Euanorasetr\",\n \"Bungonsiri Intra\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Actinomycetes inhabit both terrestrial and marine ecosystems and are highly proficient in producing a wide range of natural products with diverse biological functions, including antitumor, immunosuppressive, antimicrobial, and antiviral activities. In this review, we delve into the life cycle, ecology, taxonomy, and classification of actinomycetes, as well as their varied bioactive metabolites recently discovered between 2015 and 2023. Additionally, we explore promising strategies to unveil and investigate new bioactive metabolites, encompassing genome mining, activation of silent genes through signal molecules, and co-cultivation approaches. By presenting this comprehensive and up-to-date review, we hope to offer a potential solution to uncover novel bioactive compounds with essential activities.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/molecules28155915\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8cad0ed22281b1deb1ca7741c35190f338ec4399\",\n \"result_position\": 22,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 258172215,\n \"title\": \"Discovery and excavation of lichen bioactive natural products\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Microbiology\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Ren\",\n \"Shuhua Jiang\",\n \"Yanyan Wang\",\n \"Xinhua Pan\",\n \"Feng Pan\",\n \"Xinli Wei\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Lichen natural products are a tremendous source of new bioactive chemical entities for drug discovery. The ability to survive in harsh conditions can be directly correlated with the production of some unique lichen metabolites. Despite the potential applications, these unique metabolites have been underutilized by pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries due to their slow growth, low biomass availability, and technical challenges involved in their artificial cultivation. At the same time, DNA sequence data have revealed that the number of encoded biosynthetic gene clusters in a lichen is much higher than in natural products, and the majority of them are silent or poorly expressed. To meet these challenges, the one strain many compounds (OSMAC) strategy, as a comprehensive and powerful tool, has been developed to stimulate the activation of silent or cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters and exploit interesting lichen compounds for industrial applications. Furthermore, the development of molecular network techniques, modern bioinformatics, and genetic tools is opening up a new opportunity for the mining, modification, and production of lichen metabolites, rather than merely using traditional separation and purification techniques to obtain small amounts of chemical compounds. Heterologous expressed lichen-derived biosynthetic gene clusters in a cultivatable host offer a promising means for a sustainable supply of specialized metabolites. In this review, we summarized the known lichen bioactive metabolites and highlighted the application of OSMAC, molecular network, and genome mining-based strategies in lichen-forming fungi for the discovery of new cryptic lichen compounds.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fmicb.2023.1177123\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/edb1eb61e639060c2f14c304d9b899407906b594\",\n \"result_position\": 23,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 265268966,\n \"title\": \"Impact of Nitrogen-Containing Compounds on Secondary Metabolism in Streptomyces spp.—A Source of Metabolic Engineering Strategies\",\n \"venue\": \"SynBio\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Sergii Krysenko\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Actinobacteria from the genus Streptomyces feature complex primary and secondary metabolism, developmental cycle, and ability to produce a variety of natural products. These soil bacteria are major producers of antibiotics and other bioactive compounds and have been extensively investigated due to the medical and industrial relevance of Streptomyces-derived secondary metabolites. However, the genetic toolbox for Streptomyces engineering as well as yield optimization strategies for the production of relevant metabolites are limited. On the one hand, the genetic potential of these organisms has not been fully utilized due to many “silent” or poorly expressed biosynthetic gene clusters, whose activation depends on environmental stimuli and nutrient availability. On the other hand, these GC-rich Gram-positive bacteria are difficult to manipulate, and traditional genetic manipulation strategies are time-consuming and have low efficiency. Recent studies of Streptomyces metabolism and genomes provided new insights into possibilities to overcome these challenges. In this review, advances and approaches for Streptomyces manipulations and secondary metabolite production optimization are discussed. Special focus is given to understanding the interplay between primary and secondary metabolism in Streptomyces and the supply of nitrogen-containing compounds into secondary metabolism. Existing strategies to manipulate cellular metabolism in Streptomyces are reviewed.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/synbio1030015\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9fcd110a335bc2a842ef5358941c08f06ffef009\",\n \"result_position\": 24,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 4175173,\n \"title\": \"CLUSEAN: a computer-based framework for the automated analysis of bacterial secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters.\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Biotechnology\",\n \"year\": 2009,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Tilmann Weber\",\n \"C. Rausch\",\n \"Patricio Lopez\",\n \"Ilka Hoof\",\n \"V. Gaykova\",\n \"Daniel H. Huson\",\n \"W. Wohlleben\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/J.JBIOTEC.2009.01.007\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/36b9f92269fe371afe051a17532091d5f85fb956\",\n \"result_position\": 25,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 263952428,\n \"title\": \"ClustScan: an integrated program package for the semi-automatic annotation of modular biosynthetic gene clusters and in silico prediction of novel chemical structures\",\n \"venue\": \"Nucleic Acids Research\",\n \"year\": 2008,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Antonio Starčević\",\n \"Jurica Žučko\",\n \"Jurica Simunkovic\",\n \"Paul F. Long\",\n \"J. Cullum\",\n \"D. Hranueli\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The program package ‘ClustScan’ (Cluster Scanner) is designed for rapid, semi-automatic, annotation of DNA sequences encoding modular biosynthetic enzymes including polyketide synthases (PKS), non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS) and hybrid (PKS/NRPS) enzymes. The program displays the predicted chemical structures of products as well as allowing export of the structures in a standard format for analyses with other programs. Recent advances in understanding of enzyme function are incorporated to make knowledge-based predictions about the stereochemistry of products. The program structure allows easy incorporation of additional knowledge about domain specificities and function. The results of analyses are presented to the user in a graphical interface, which also allows easy editing of the predictions to incorporate user experience. The versatility of this program package has been demonstrated by annotating biochemical pathways in microbial, invertebrate animal and metagenomic datasets. The speed and convenience of the package allows the annotation of all PKS and NRPS clusters in a complete Actinobacteria genome in 2–3 man hours. The open architecture of ClustScan allows easy integration with other programs, facilitating further analyses of results, which is useful for a broad range of researchers in the chemical and biological sciences.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1093/nar/gkn685\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0138a3c3df3903fa09079fa8de43edb5d460c6e2\",\n \"result_position\": 26,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 15337192,\n \"title\": \"Antibiotic drug discovery\",\n \"venue\": \"Microbial Biotechnology\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"W. Wohlleben\",\n \"Yvonne Mast\",\n \"E. Stegmann\",\n \"N. Ziemert\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Due to the threat posed by the increase of highly resistant pathogenic bacteria, there is an urgent need for new antibiotics; all the more so since in the last 20 years, the approval for new antibacterial agents had decreased. The field of natural product discovery has undergone a tremendous development over the past few years. This has been the consequence of several new and revolutionizing drug discovery and development techniques, which is initiating a ‘New Age of Antibiotic Discovery’. In this review, we concentrate on the most significant discovery approaches during the last and present years and comment on the challenges facing the community in the coming years.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1111/1751-7915.12388\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a988dfad29670d7e41c76578909c1f1def7135b1\",\n \"result_position\": 27,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 51649652,\n \"title\": \"Computational Methodologies in the Exploration of Marine Natural Product Leads\",\n \"venue\": \"Marine Drugs\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Florbela Pereira\",\n \"J. Aires-de-Sousa\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Computational methodologies are assisting the exploration of marine natural products (MNPs) to make the discovery of new leads more efficient, to repurpose known MNPs, to target new metabolites on the basis of genome analysis, to reveal mechanisms of action, and to optimize leads. In silico efforts in drug discovery of NPs have mainly focused on two tasks: dereplication and prediction of bioactivities. The exploration of new chemical spaces and the application of predicted spectral data must be included in new approaches to select species, extracts, and growth conditions with maximum probabilities of medicinal chemistry novelty. In this review, the most relevant current computational dereplication methodologies are highlighted. Structure-based (SB) and ligand-based (LB) chemoinformatics approaches have become essential tools for the virtual screening of NPs either in small datasets of isolated compounds or in large-scale databases. The most common LB techniques include Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationships (QSAR), estimation of drug likeness, prediction of adsorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties, similarity searching, and pharmacophore identification. Analogously, molecular dynamics, docking and binding cavity analysis have been used in SB approaches. Their significance and achievements are the main focus of this review.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/md16070236\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/30f5856557fe1bc00c77ae8024fa9b0c40122ff9\",\n \"result_position\": 28,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 16590074,\n \"title\": \"CASSIS and SMIPS: promoter-based prediction of secondary metabolite gene clusters in eukaryotic genomes\",\n \"venue\": \"Bioinform.\",\n \"year\": 2015,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Thomas Wolf\",\n \"Vladimir Shelest\",\n \"N. Nath\",\n \"E. Shelest\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Motivation: Secondary metabolites (SM) are structurally diverse natural products of high pharmaceutical importance. Genes involved in their biosynthesis are often organized in clusters, i.e., are co-localized and co-expressed. In silico cluster prediction in eukaryotic genomes remains problematic mainly due to the high variability of the clusters’ content and lack of other distinguishing sequence features. Results: We present Cluster Assignment by Islands of Sites (CASSIS), a method for SM cluster prediction in eukaryotic genomes, and Secondary Metabolites by InterProScan (SMIPS), a tool for genome-wide detection of SM key enzymes (‘anchor’ genes): polyketide synthases, non-ribosomal peptide synthetases and dimethylallyl tryptophan synthases. Unlike other tools based on protein similarity, CASSIS exploits the idea of co-regulation of the cluster genes, which assumes the existence of common regulatory patterns in the cluster promoters. The method searches for ‘islands’ of enriched cluster-specific motifs in the vicinity of anchor genes. It was validated in a series of cross-validation experiments and showed high sensitivity and specificity. Availability and implementation: CASSIS and SMIPS are freely available at https://sbi.hki-jena.de/cassis. Contact: thomas.wolf@leibniz-hki.de or ekaterina.shelest@leibniz-hki.de Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1093/bioinformatics/btv713\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5ca33f897275eafc932dbd8e3e8ca1a9445703f7\",\n \"result_position\": 29,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 232223764,\n \"title\": \"Current State and Future Directions of Genetics and Genomics of Endophytic Fungi for Bioprospecting Efforts\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Rosa Sagita\",\n \"W. Quax\",\n \"K. Haslinger\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The bioprospecting of secondary metabolites from endophytic fungi received great attention in the 1990s and 2000s, when the controversy around taxol production from Taxus spp. endophytes was at its height. Since then, hundreds of reports have described the isolation and characterization of putative secondary metabolites from endophytic fungi. However, only very few studies also report the genetic basis for these phenotypic observations. With low sequencing cost and fast sample turnaround, genetics- and genomics-based approaches have risen to become comprehensive approaches to study natural products from a wide-range of organisms, especially to elucidate underlying biosynthetic pathways. However, in the field of fungal endophyte biology, elucidation of biosynthetic pathways is still a major challenge. As a relatively poorly investigated group of microorganisms, even in the light of recent efforts to sequence more fungal genomes, such as the 1000 Fungal Genomes Project at the Joint Genome Institute (JGI), the basis for bioprospecting of enzymes and pathways from endophytic fungi is still rather slim. In this review we want to discuss the current approaches and tools used to associate phenotype and genotype to elucidate biosynthetic pathways of secondary metabolites in endophytic fungi through the lens of bioprospecting. This review will point out the reported successes and shortcomings, and discuss future directions in sampling, and genetics and genomics of endophytic fungi. Identifying responsible biosynthetic genes for the numerous secondary metabolites isolated from endophytic fungi opens the opportunity to explore the genetic potential of producer strains to discover novel secondary metabolites and enhance secondary metabolite production by metabolic engineering resulting in novel and more affordable medicines and food additives.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fbioe.2021.649906\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ea8b5e206032f06aeddd15d06bff042c743a670b\",\n \"result_position\": 30,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 268291140,\n \"title\": \"Automated genome mining for natural products\",\n \"venue\": \"BMC Bioinformatics\",\n \"year\": 2009,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Michael H. T. Li\",\n \"Peter Man-Un Ung\",\n \"James Zajkowski\",\n \"S. Garneau‐Tsodikova\",\n \"David H. Sherman\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"BackgroundDiscovery of new medicinal agents from natural sources has largely been an adventitious process based on screening of plant and microbial extracts combined with bioassay-guided identification and natural product structure elucidation. Increasingly rapid and more cost-effective genome sequencing technologies coupled with advanced computational power have converged to transform this trend toward a more rational and predictive pursuit.ResultsWe have developed a rapid method of scanning genome sequences for multiple polyketide, nonribosomal peptide, and mixed combination natural products with output in a text format that can be readily converted to two and three dimensional structures using conventional software. Our open-source and web-based program can assemble various small molecules composed of twenty standard amino acids and twenty two other chain-elongation intermediates used in nonribosomal peptide systems, and four acyl-CoA extender units incorporated into polyketides by reading a hidden Markov model of DNA. This process evaluates and selects the substrate specificities along the assembly line of nonribosomal synthetases and modular polyketide synthases.ConclusionUsing this approach we have predicted the structures of natural products from a diverse range of bacteria based on a limited number of signature sequences. In accelerating direct DNA to metabolomic analysis, this method bridges the interface between chemists and biologists and enables rapid scanning for compounds with potential therapeutic value.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1186/1471-2105-10-185\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4d76d519097c3eee5a830da1e2e7661dedc10911\",\n \"result_position\": 31,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 266903772,\n \"title\": \"Precision enzyme discovery through targeted mining of metagenomic data\",\n \"venue\": \"Natural Products and Bioprospecting\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Shohreh Ariaeenejad\",\n \"Javad Gharechahi\",\n \"Mehdi Foroozandeh Shahraki\",\n \"Fereshteh Fallah Atanaki\",\n \"Jianlin Han\",\n \"Xuezhi Ding\",\n \"Falk Hildebrand\",\n \"M. Bahram\",\n \"K. Kavousi\",\n \"G. Hosseini Salekdeh\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Metagenomics has opened new avenues for exploring the genetic potential of uncultured microorganisms, which may serve as promising sources of enzymes and natural products for industrial applications. Identifying enzymes with improved catalytic properties from the vast amount of available metagenomic data poses a significant challenge that demands the development of novel computational and functional screening tools. The catalytic properties of all enzymes are primarily dictated by their structures, which are predominantly determined by their amino acid sequences. However, this aspect has not been fully considered in the enzyme bioprospecting processes. With the accumulating number of available enzyme sequences and the increasing demand for discovering novel biocatalysts, structural and functional modeling can be employed to identify potential enzymes with novel catalytic properties. Recent efforts to discover new polysaccharide-degrading enzymes from rumen metagenome data using homology-based searches and machine learning-based models have shown significant promise. Here, we will explore various computational approaches that can be employed to screen and shortlist metagenome-derived enzymes as potential biocatalyst candidates, in conjunction with the wet lab analytical methods traditionally used for enzyme characterization.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s13659-023-00426-8\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c1b5bc0a1c0252f3140e154d2179565ef869c931\",\n \"result_position\": 32,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 276613838,\n \"title\": \"Breaking into nature's secret medicine cabinet: lichens – a biochemical goldmine ready for discovery\",\n \"venue\": \"New Phytologist\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Garima Singh\",\n \"Francesco Dal Grande\",\n \"Francis M. Martin\",\n \"Marnix M Medema\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Summary Secondary metabolites are a crucial source of bioactive compounds playing a key role in the development of new pharmaceuticals. Recently, biosynthetic research has benefited significantly from progress on various fronts, including reduced sequencing costs, improved genome/metabolome mining strategies, and expanding tools/databases to compare and characterize chemical diversity. Steady advances in these fields are crucial for research on non‐modal organisms such as lichen‐forming fungi (LFF). Although most fungi produce bioactive metabolites, biosynthetic research on LFF (c. 21% of known fungi) lags behind, primarily due to experimental challenges. However, in recent years, several such challenges have been tackled, and, in parallel, a critical foundation of genomic data and pipelines has been established to accomplish the valorization of this potential. Integrating these concurrent advances to accelerate biochemical research in LFF provides a promising opportunity for new discoveries. This review summarizes the following: recent advances in fungal and LFF omics, and chemoinformatics research; studies on LFF biosynthesis, including chemical diversity and evolutionary/phylogenetic aspects; and experimental milestones in LFF biosynthetic gene functions. At the end, we outline a vision and strategy to combine the progress in these research areas to harness the biochemical potential of LFF for pharmaceutical development.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1111/nph.70003\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4604c1d4f7f2e8d5a34ffff51cebda9e68a2edea\",\n \"result_position\": 33,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 7026266,\n \"title\": \"Next-generation sequencing approach for connecting secondary metabolites to biosynthetic gene clusters in fungi\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Microbiology\",\n \"year\": 2015,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ralph A. Cacho\",\n \"Yi Tang\",\n \"Y. Chooi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Genomics has revolutionized the research on fungal secondary metabolite (SM) biosynthesis. To elucidate the molecular and enzymatic mechanisms underlying the biosynthesis of a specific SM compound, the important first step is often to find the genes that responsible for its synthesis. The accessibility to fungal genome sequences allows the bypass of the cumbersome traditional library construction and screening approach. The advance in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have further improved the speed and reduced the cost of microbial genome sequencing in the past few years, which has accelerated the research in this field. Here, we will present an example work flow for identifying the gene cluster encoding the biosynthesis of SMs of interest using an NGS approach. We will also review the different strategies that can be employed to pinpoint the targeted gene clusters rapidly by giving several examples stemming from our work.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fmicb.2014.00774\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ce33815113c20d60bd239b0b200d74e6e37e97f8\",\n \"result_position\": 34,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 237588799,\n \"title\": \"Culture and genome-based analysis of four soil Clostridium isolates reveal their potential for antimicrobial production\",\n \"venue\": \"BMC Genomics\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. S. Pahalagedara\",\n \"R. Jáuregui\",\n \"P. Maclean\",\n \"E. Altermann\",\n \"S. Flint\",\n \"J. Palmer\",\n \"G. Brightwell\",\n \"Tanushree B. Gupta\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Soil bacteria are a major source of specialized metabolites including antimicrobial compounds. Yet, one of the most diverse genera of bacteria ubiquitously present in soil, Clostridium, has been largely overlooked in bioactive compound discovery. As Clostridium spp. thrive in extreme environments with their metabolic mechanisms adapted to the harsh conditions, they are likely to synthesize molecules with unknown structures, properties, and functions. Therefore, their potential to synthesize small molecules with biological activities should be of great interest in the search for novel antimicrobial compounds. The current study focused on investigating the antimicrobial potential of four soil Clostridium isolates, FS01, FS2.2 FS03, and FS04, using a genome-led approach, validated by culture-based methods. Conditioned/spent media from all four Clostridium isolates showed varying levels of antimicrobial activity against indicator microorganism; all four isolates significantly inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. FS01, FS2.2, and FS04 were active against Bacillus mycoides and FS03 reduced the growth of Bacillus cereus. Phylogenetic analysis together with DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH), average nucleotide identity (ANI), and functional genome distribution (FGD) analyses confirmed that FS01, FS2.2, and FS04 belong to the species Paraclostridium bifermentans, Clostridium cadaveris, and Clostridium senegalense respectively, while FS03 may represent a novel species of the genus Clostridium. Bioinformatics analysis using antiSMASH 5.0 predicted the presence of eight biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) encoding for the synthesis of ribosomally synthesized post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) and non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs) in four genomes. All predicted BGCs showed no similarity with any known BGCs suggesting novelty of the molecules from those predicted gene clusters. In addition, the analysis of genomes for putative virulence factors revealed the presence of four putative Clostridium toxin related genes in FS01 and FS2.2 genomes. No genes associated with the main Clostridium toxins were identified in the FS03 and FS04 genomes. The presence of BGCs encoding for uncharacterized RiPPs and NRPSs in the genomes of antagonistic Clostridium spp. isolated from farm soil indicated their potential to produce novel secondary metabolites. This study serves as a basis for the identification and characterization of potent antimicrobials from these soil Clostridium spp. and expands the current knowledge base, encouraging future research into bioactive compound production in members of the genus Clostridium.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1186/s12864-021-08005-2\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/144e7c6d73a512f29c47267e20315d9b1bbc8e36\",\n \"result_position\": 35,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 255623043,\n \"title\": \"Comparative bioinformatics analysis of the biosynthetic pathways and key candidate genes of three species, Vitis vinifera, Fragaria vesca and Olea europaea, furnish enzyme sets for the production of pharmaceutically valuable terpenes in heterologous hosts\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Suhad A. A. Al-Salihi\",\n \"K. L. Ford\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Plants represent a rich repository of taxonomically restricted, yet chemically diverse, secondary metabolites that are synthesised via specific metabolic pathways. Enzyme specificity and biosynthetic gene clustering are the bottleneck of secondary metabolite evolution. As economically important food crops, grape, strawberry, and olive produce many pharmaceutically important molecules; however, their specific biosynthetic pathways remain inaccessible. Our genomic-based analysis of these three species reveal the biosynthetic diversity of their specialised secondary metabolites. We found over 20 BGCs predicted, most of which were characterised in two species, grape and strawberry. Gene annotation of the biosynthetic candidate genes predicted the production of many medically and industrially important compounds including cycloartenol, nerolidol, farnesene and valencene. Although most of the predicted clusters are concentrated in specific genomic positions, some have shown gene duplications in their clusters, which is suggestive of pseudogenes or misassembled genomes. Our genome mining and putative functional analysis of the biosynthetic genes annotated in the three species indicated the evolutionary processes that have shaped their current genetic structure and the structural diversity of their chemical compositions. Revealing the biogenetic background of these natural molecules is a step forward towards the expansion of their chemical diversification via engineering their biosynthetic genes heterologously, as well as the identification of their role in the interaction between those plants and their biotic and abiotic conditions.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s13562-022-00823-z\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fa1aa96441bb8611fcb5110fc0e7cdb86d87e1a9\",\n \"result_position\": 36,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 4691393,\n \"title\": \"Bioinformatics approaches and software for detection of secondary metabolic gene clusters.\",\n \"venue\": \"Methods in molecular biology\",\n \"year\": 2012,\n \"authors\": [\n \"N. Fedorova\",\n \"Venkatesh Moktali\",\n \"M. Medema\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/978-1-62703-122-6_2\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5d00a4520140ef3adced1d529a5d435a4ff0460c\",\n \"result_position\": 37,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 10659988,\n \"title\": \"Motif-Independent Prediction of a Secondary Metabolism Gene Cluster Using Comparative Genomics: Application to Sequenced Genomes of Aspergillus and Ten Other Filamentous Fungal Species\",\n \"venue\": \"DNA Research\",\n \"year\": 2014,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Itaru Takeda\",\n \"Myco Umemura\",\n \"H. Koike\",\n \"K. Asai\",\n \"M. Machida\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Despite their biological importance, a significant number of genes for secondary metabolite biosynthesis (SMB) remain undetected due largely to the fact that they are highly diverse and are not expressed under a variety of cultivation conditions. Several software tools including SMURF and antiSMASH have been developed to predict fungal SMB gene clusters by finding core genes encoding polyketide synthase, nonribosomal peptide synthetase and dimethylallyltryptophan synthase as well as several others typically present in the cluster. In this work, we have devised a novel comparative genomics method to identify SMB gene clusters that is independent of motif information of the known SMB genes. The method detects SMB gene clusters by searching for a similar order of genes and their presence in nonsyntenic blocks. With this method, we were able to identify many known SMB gene clusters with the core genes in the genomic sequences of 10 filamentous fungi. Furthermore, we have also detected SMB gene clusters without core genes, including the kojic acid biosynthesis gene cluster of Aspergillus oryzae. By varying the detection parameters of the method, a significant difference in the sequence characteristics was detected between the genes residing inside the clusters and those outside the clusters.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1093/dnares/dsu010\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8cae5ec78641e1e0b0e009e363b88a90dade81d6\",\n \"result_position\": 38,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 16864121,\n \"title\": \"Comparative genomics of actinomycetes with a focus on natural product biosynthetic genes\",\n \"venue\": \"BMC Genomics\",\n \"year\": 2013,\n \"authors\": [\n \"James R. Doroghazi\",\n \"W. Metcalf\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"BackgroundActinomycetes are a diverse group of medically, industrially and ecologically important bacteria, studied as much for the diseases they cause as for the cures they hold. The genomes of actinomycetes revealed that these bacteria have a large number of natural product gene clusters, although many of these are difficult to tie to products in the laboratory. Large scale comparisons of these clusters are difficult to perform due to the presence of highly similar repeated domains in the most common biosynthetic machinery: polyketide synthases (PKSs) and nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs).ResultsWe have used comparative genomics to provide an overview of the genomic features of a set of 102 closed genomes from this important group of bacteria with a focus on natural product biosynthetic genes. We have focused on well-represented genera and determine the occurrence of gene cluster families therein. Conservation of natural product gene clusters within Mycobacterium, Streptomyces and Frankia suggest crucial roles for natural products in the biology of each genus. The abundance of natural product classes is also found to vary greatly between genera, revealing underlying patterns that are not yet understood.ConclusionsA large-scale analysis of natural product gene clusters presents a useful foundation for hypothesis formulation that is currently underutilized in the field. Such studies will be increasingly necessary to study the diversity and ecology of natural products as the number of genome sequences available continues to grow.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1186/1471-2164-14-611\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/521dc49cca653e52bb9851753ccc2df43e7e66a8\",\n \"result_position\": 39,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 3860971,\n \"title\": \"Genome mining reveals unlocked bioactive potential of marine Gram-negative bacteria\",\n \"venue\": \"BMC Genomics\",\n \"year\": 2015,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Henrique Machado\",\n \"E. Sonnenschein\",\n \"Jette Melchiorsen\",\n \"L. Gram\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Antibiotic resistance in bacteria spreads quickly, overtaking the pace at which new compounds are discovered and this emphasizes the immediate need to discover new compounds for control of infectious diseases. Terrestrial bacteria have for decades been investigated as a source of bioactive compounds leading to successful applications in pharmaceutical and biotech industries. Marine bacteria have so far not been exploited to the same extent; however, they are believed to harbor a multitude of novel bioactive chemistry. To explore this potential, genomes of 21 marine Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria collected during the Galathea 3 expedition were sequenced and mined for natural product encoding gene clusters. Independently of genome size, bacteria of all tested genera carried a large number of clusters encoding different potential bioactivities, especially within the Vibrionaceae and Pseudoalteromonadaceae families. A very high potential was identified in pigmented pseudoalteromonads with up to 20 clusters in a single strain, mostly NRPSs and NRPS-PKS hybrids. Furthermore, regulatory elements in bioactivity-related pathways including chitin metabolism, quorum sensing and iron scavenging systems were investigated both in silico and in vitro. Genes with siderophore function were identified in 50% of the strains, however, all but one harboured the ferric-uptake-regulator gene. Genes encoding the syntethase of acylated homoserine lactones were found in Roseobacter-clade bacteria, but not in the Vibrionaceae strains and only in one Pseudoalteromonas strains. The understanding and manipulation of these elements can help in the discovery and production of new compounds never identified under regular laboratory cultivation conditions. High chitinolytic potential was demonstrated and verified for Vibrio and Pseudoalteromonas species that commonly live in close association with eukaryotic organisms in the environment. Chitin regulation by the ChiS histidine-kinase seems to be a general trait of the Vibrionaceae family, however it is absent in the Pseudomonadaceae. Hence, the degree to which chitin influences secondary metabolism in marine bacteria is not known. Utilizing the rapidly developing sequencing technologies and software tools in combination with phenotypic in vitro assays, we demonstrated the high bioactive potential of marine bacteria in an efficient, straightforward manner – an approach that will facilitate natural product discovery in the future.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1186/s12864-015-1365-z\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ddf13c78520f1b4c26c68b4de43a5ccb997187d5\",\n \"result_position\": 40,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 24307395,\n \"title\": \"In silico methods for linking genes and secondary metabolites: The way forward\",\n \"venue\": \"Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Shradha Khater\",\n \"S. Anand\",\n \"D. Mohanty\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In silico methods for linking genomic space to chemical space have played a crucial role in genomics driven discovery of new natural products as well as biosynthesis of altered natural products by engineering of biosynthetic pathways. Here we give an overview of available computational tools and then briefly describe a novel computational framework, namely retro-biosynthetic enumeration of biosynthetic reactions, which can add to the repertoire of computational tools available for connecting natural products to their biosynthetic gene clusters. Most of the currently available bioinformatics tools for analysis of secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters utilize the “Genes to Metabolites” approach. In contrast to the “Genes to Metabolites” approach, the “Metabolites to Genes” or retro-biosynthetic approach would involve enumerating the various biochemical transformations or enzymatic reactions which would generate the given chemical moiety starting from a set of precursor molecules and identifying enzymatic domains which can potentially catalyze the enumerated biochemical transformations. In this article, we first give a brief overview of the presently available in silico tools and approaches for analysis of secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways. We also discuss our preliminary work on development of algorithms for retro-biosynthetic enumeration of biochemical transformations to formulate a novel computational method for identifying genes associated with biosynthesis of a given polyketide or nonribosomal peptide.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.synbio.2016.03.001\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/30dd08b0c41165d58ce51b851663a466697ca806\",\n \"result_position\": 41,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 235627000,\n \"title\": \"Mining and unearthing hidden biosynthetic potential\",\n \"venue\": \"Nature Communications\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"K. Scherlach\",\n \"C. Hertweck\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Genetically encoded small molecules (secondary metabolites) play eminent roles in ecological interactions, as pathogenicity factors and as drug leads. Yet, these chemical mediators often evade detection, and the discovery of novel entities is hampered by low production and high rediscovery rates. These limitations may be addressed by genome mining for biosynthetic gene clusters, thereby unveiling cryptic metabolic potential. The development of sophisticated data mining methods and genetic and analytical tools has enabled the discovery of an impressive array of previously overlooked natural products. This review shows the newest developments in the field, highlighting compound discovery from unconventional sources and microbiomes. Natural products are an important source of bioactive compounds and have versatile applications in different fields, but their discovery is challenging. Here, the authors review the recent developments in genome mining for discovery of natural products, focusing on compounds from unconventional microorganisms and microbiomes.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s41467-021-24133-5\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3f3db09e50f67602b1524fc92156f0669b58867a\",\n \"result_position\": 42,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 210041670,\n \"title\": \"Halophiles and Their Biomolecules: Recent Advances and Future Applications in Biomedicine\",\n \"venue\": \"Marine Drugs\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"P. Corral\",\n \"M. A. Amoozegar\",\n \"A. Ventosa\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The organisms thriving under extreme conditions better than any other organism living on Earth, fascinate by their hostile growing parameters, physiological features, and their production of valuable bioactive metabolites. This is the case of microorganisms (bacteria, archaea, and fungi) that grow optimally at high salinities and are able to produce biomolecules of pharmaceutical interest for therapeutic applications. As along as the microbiota is being approached by massive sequencing, novel insights are revealing the environmental conditions on which the compounds are produced in the microbial community without more stress than sharing the same substratum with their peers, the salt. In this review are reported the molecules described and produced by halophilic microorganisms with a spectrum of action in vitro: antimicrobial and anticancer. The action mechanisms of these molecules, the urgent need to introduce alternative lead compounds and the current aspects on the exploitation and its limitations are discussed.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/md18010033\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7445f42883d8a20749a4209ec7e3a1d39d233a86\",\n \"result_position\": 43,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 227249365,\n \"title\": \"The Integration of Genome Mining, Comparative Genomics, and Functional Genetics for Biosynthetic Gene Cluster Identification\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Genetics\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ashley N. Williams\",\n \"Naveen Sorout\",\n \"Alexander J. Cameron\",\n \"John Stavrinides\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Antimicrobial resistance is a worldwide health crisis for which new antibiotics are needed. One strategy for antibiotic discovery is identifying unique antibiotic biosynthetic gene clusters that may produce novel compounds. The aim of this study was to demonstrate how an integrated approach that combines genome mining, comparative genomics, and functional genetics can be used to successfully identify novel biosynthetic gene clusters that produce antimicrobial natural products. Secondary metabolite clusters of an antibiotic producer are first predicted using genome mining tools, generating a list of candidates. Comparative genomic approaches are then used to identify gene suites present in the antibiotic producer that are absent in closely related non-producers. Gene sets that are common to the two lists represent leading candidates, which can then be confirmed using functional genetics approaches. To validate this strategy, we identified the genes responsible for antibiotic production in Pantoea agglomerans B025670, a strain identified in a large-scale bioactivity survey. The genome of B025670 was first mined with antiSMASH, which identified 24 candidate regions. We then used the comparative genomics platform, EDGAR, to identify genes unique to B025670 that were not present in closely related strains with contrasting antibiotic production profiles. The candidate lists generated by antiSMASH and EDGAR were compared with standalone BLAST. Among the common regions was a 14 kb cluster consisting of 14 genes with predicted enzymatic, transport, and unknown functions. Site-directed mutagenesis of the gene cluster resulted in a reduction in antimicrobial activity, suggesting involvement in antibiotic production. An integrated approach that combines genome mining, comparative genomics, and functional genetics yields a powerful, yet simple strategy for identifying potentially novel antibiotics.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fgene.2020.600116\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7db595fd2aea7ab2d37508d14cd08ecb92178662\",\n \"result_position\": 44,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 263891551,\n \"title\": \"antiSMASH 7.0: new and improved predictions for detection, regulation, chemical structures and visualisation\",\n \"venue\": \"Nucleic Acids Res.\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"K. Blin\",\n \"S. Shaw\",\n \"Hannah E. Augustijn\",\n \"Zachary L. Reitz\",\n \"Friederike Biermann\",\n \"Mohammad Alanjary\",\n \"A. Fetter\",\n \"Barbara R. Terlouw\",\n \"William W. Metcalf\",\n \"Eric J. N. Helfrich\",\n \"Gilles P. van Wezel\",\n \"M. Medema\",\n \"T. Weber\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract Microorganisms produce small bioactive compounds as part of their secondary or specialised metabolism. Often, such metabolites have antimicrobial, anticancer, antifungal, antiviral or other bio-activities and thus play an important role for applications in medicine and agriculture. In the past decade, genome mining has become a widely-used method to explore, access, and analyse the available biodiversity of these compounds. Since 2011, the ‘antibiotics and secondary metabolite analysis shell—antiSMASH’ (https://antismash.secondarymetabolites.org/) has supported researchers in their microbial genome mining tasks, both as a free to use web server and as a standalone tool under an OSI-approved open source licence. It is currently the most widely used tool for detecting and characterising biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in archaea, bacteria, and fungi. Here, we present the updated version 7 of antiSMASH. antiSMASH 7 increases the number of supported cluster types from 71 to 81, as well as containing improvements in the areas of chemical structure prediction, enzymatic assembly-line visualisation and gene cluster regulation.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1093/nar/gkad344\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e2ff72baf28de0208fc6c7eab80200e0a53fc86f\",\n \"result_position\": 45,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 253627520,\n \"title\": \"MIBiG 3.0: a community-driven effort to annotate experimentally validated biosynthetic gene clusters\",\n \"venue\": \"Nucleic Acids Res.\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Barbara R. Terlouw\",\n \"K. Blin\",\n \"J. Navarro-Muñoz\",\n \"Nicole E. Avalon\",\n \"M. Chevrette\",\n \"Susan Egbert\",\n \"Sanghoon Lee\",\n \"David Meijer\",\n \"Michael J J Recchia\",\n \"Zachary L. Reitz\",\n \"Jeffrey A. van Santen\",\n \"Nelly Sélem-Mojica\",\n \"T. Tørring\",\n \"Liana Zaroubi\",\n \"Mohammad Alanjary\",\n \"Gajender Aleti\",\n \"César Aguilar\",\n \"Suhad A. A. Al-Salihi\",\n \"Hannah E. Augustijn\",\n \"J. A. Avelar-Rivas\",\n \"L. A. Avitia-Dominguez\",\n \"F. Barona-Gómez\",\n \"Jordan Bernaldo-Agüero\",\n \"Vincent A. Bielinski\",\n \"Friederike Biermann\",\n \"Thomas J. Booth\",\n \"Victor J Carrion Bravo\",\n \"R. Castelo-Branco\",\n \"F. Chagas\",\n \"Pablo Cruz-Morales\",\n \"Chao Du\",\n \"Katherine R. Duncan\",\n \"A. Gavriilidou\",\n \"Damien Gayrard\",\n \"K. Gutiérrez-García\",\n \"K. Haslinger\",\n \"Eric J. N. Helfrich\",\n \"J. V. D. van der Hooft\",\n \"A. Jati\",\n \"Edward Kalkreuter\",\n \"Nikolaos Kalyvas\",\n \"K. Kang\",\n \"S. Kautsar\",\n \"Wonyong Kim\",\n \"Aditya M. Kunjapur\",\n \"Yong-Xin Li\",\n \"Geng-Min Lin\",\n \"Catarina Loureiro\",\n \"Joris J. R. Louwen\",\n \"Nico L L Louwen\",\n \"G. Lund\",\n \"Jonathan Parra\",\n \"B. Philmus\",\n \"Bita Pourmohsenin\",\n \"Lotte J U Pronk\",\n \"Adriana Rego\",\n \"D. Rex\",\n \"S. Robinson\",\n \"L. R. Rosas-Becerra\",\n \"E. T. Roxborough\",\n \"M. Schorn\",\n \"D. Scobie\",\n \"K. S. Singh\",\n \"N. Sokolova\",\n \"Xiaoyu Tang\",\n \"D. Udwary\",\n \"A. Vigneshwari\",\n \"Kristiina Vind\",\n \"Sophie P J M Vromans\",\n \"Valentin Waschulin\",\n \"Sam E. Williams\",\n \"Jaclyn M. Winter\",\n \"T. Witte\",\n \"Huali Xie\",\n \"Dong Yang\",\n \"Jingwei Yu\",\n \"Mitja M. Zdouc\",\n \"Zheng Zhong\",\n \"J. Collemare\",\n \"Roger G. Linington\",\n \"T. Weber\",\n \"M. Medema\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract With an ever-increasing amount of (meta)genomic data being deposited in sequence databases, (meta)genome mining for natural product biosynthetic pathways occupies a critical role in the discovery of novel pharmaceutical drugs, crop protection agents and biomaterials. The genes that encode these pathways are often organised into biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). In 2015, we defined the Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene cluster (MIBiG): a standardised data format that describes the minimally required information to uniquely characterise a BGC. We simultaneously constructed an accompanying online database of BGCs, which has since been widely used by the community as a reference dataset for BGCs and was expanded to 2021 entries in 2019 (MIBiG 2.0). Here, we describe MIBiG 3.0, a database update comprising large-scale validation and re-annotation of existing entries and 661 new entries. Particular attention was paid to the annotation of compound structures and biological activities, as well as protein domain selectivities. Together, these new features keep the database up-to-date, and will provide new opportunities for the scientific community to use its freely available data, e.g. for the training of new machine learning models to predict sequence-structure-function relationships for diverse natural products. MIBiG 3.0 is accessible online at https://mibig.secondarymetabolites.org/.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1093/nar/gkac1049\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b4d175445ef6fc76f93260a7e56b8b2103d48156\",\n \"result_position\": 46,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 215749846,\n \"title\": \"antiSMASH 5.0: updates to the secondary metabolite genome mining pipeline\",\n \"venue\": \"Nucleic Acids Res.\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"K. Blin\",\n \"S. Shaw\",\n \"Katharina Steinke\",\n \"Rasmus Villebro\",\n \"N. Ziemert\",\n \"S. Lee\",\n \"M. Medema\",\n \"T. Weber\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract Secondary metabolites produced by bacteria and fungi are an important source of antimicrobials and other bioactive compounds. In recent years, genome mining has seen broad applications in identifying and characterizing new compounds as well as in metabolic engineering. Since 2011, the ‘antibiotics and secondary metabolite analysis shell—antiSMASH’ (https://antismash.secondarymetabolites.org) has assisted researchers in this, both as a web server and a standalone tool. It has established itself as the most widely used tool for identifying and analysing biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in bacterial and fungal genome sequences. Here, we present an entirely redesigned and extended version 5 of antiSMASH. antiSMASH 5 adds detection rules for clusters encoding the biosynthesis of acyl-amino acids, β-lactones, fungal RiPPs, RaS-RiPPs, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, C-nucleosides, PPY-like ketones and lipolanthines. For type II polyketide synthase-encoding gene clusters, antiSMASH 5 now offers more detailed predictions. The HTML output visualization has been redesigned to improve the navigation and visual representation of annotations. We have again improved the runtime of analysis steps, making it possible to deliver comprehensive annotations for bacterial genomes within a few minutes. A new output file in the standard JavaScript object notation (JSON) format is aimed at downstream tools that process antiSMASH results programmatically.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1093/nar/gkz310\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3f9cb68785e92b6d39e99c9868244906980133fb\",\n \"result_position\": 47,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 208279019,\n \"title\": \"A computational framework to explore large-scale biosynthetic diversity\",\n \"venue\": \"Nature Chemical Biology\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Navarro-Muñoz\",\n \"Nelly Sélem-Mojica\",\n \"Michael W. Mullowney\",\n \"S. Kautsar\",\n \"James H. Tryon\",\n \"Elizabeth I. Parkinson\",\n \"E. L. C. de los Santos\",\n \"Marley Yeong\",\n \"Pablo Cruz-Morales\",\n \"Sahar Abubucker\",\n \"Arne Roeters\",\n \"Wouter Lokhorst\",\n \"A. Fernàndez-Guerra\",\n \"Luciana T. D. Cappelini\",\n \"Anthony W. Goering\",\n \"R. J. Thomson\",\n \"W. Metcalf\",\n \"N. Kelleher\",\n \"F. Barona-Gómez\",\n \"M. Medema\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Genome mining has become a key technology to exploit natural product diversity. Although initially performed on a single-genome basis, the process is now being scaled up to mine entire genera, strain collections and microbiomes. However, no bioinformatic framework is currently available for effectively analyzing datasets of this size and complexity. In the present study, a streamlined computational workflow is provided, consisting of two new software tools: the ‘biosynthetic gene similarity clustering and prospecting engine’ (BiG-SCAPE), which facilitates fast and interactive sequence similarity network analysis of biosynthetic gene clusters and gene cluster families; and the ‘core analysis of syntenic orthologues to prioritize natural product gene clusters’ (CORASON), which elucidates phylogenetic relationships within and across these families. BiG-SCAPE is validated by correlating its output to metabolomic data across 363 actinobacterial strains and the discovery potential of CORASON is demonstrated by comprehensively mapping biosynthetic diversity across a range of detoxin/rimosamide-related gene cluster families, culminating in the characterization of seven detoxin analogues. Two bioinformatic tools, BiG-SCAPE and CORASON, enable sequence similarity network and phylogenetic analysis of gene clusters and their families across hundreds of strains and in large datasets, leading to the discovery of new natural products.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s41589-019-0400-9\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c5b4df4a448657beea7600bec1a145a02314a357\",\n \"result_position\": 48,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 204703149,\n \"title\": \"MIBiG 2.0: a repository for biosynthetic gene clusters of known function\",\n \"venue\": \"Nucleic Acids Res.\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"S. Kautsar\",\n \"K. Blin\",\n \"S. Shaw\",\n \"J. Navarro-Muñoz\",\n \"Barbara R. Terlouw\",\n \"J. V. D. van der Hooft\",\n \"Jeffrey A. van Santen\",\n \"Vittorio Tracanna\",\n \"Hernando G Suarez Duran\",\n \"Victória Pascal Andreu\",\n \"Nelly Sélem-Mojica\",\n \"Mohammad Alanjary\",\n \"S. Robinson\",\n \"G. Lund\",\n \"Samuel C. Epstein\",\n \"Ashley C. Sisto\",\n \"Louise K. Charkoudian\",\n \"J. Collemare\",\n \"Roger G. Linington\",\n \"T. Weber\",\n \"M. Medema\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract Fueled by the explosion of (meta)genomic data, genome mining of specialized metabolites has become a major technology for drug discovery and studying microbiome ecology. In these efforts, computational tools like antiSMASH have played a central role through the analysis of Biosynthetic Gene Clusters (BGCs). Thousands of candidate BGCs from microbial genomes have been identified and stored in public databases. Interpreting the function and novelty of these predicted BGCs requires comparison with a well-documented set of BGCs of known function. The MIBiG (Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene Cluster) Data Standard and Repository was established in 2015 to enable curation and storage of known BGCs. Here, we present MIBiG 2.0, which encompasses major updates to the schema, the data, and the online repository itself. Over the past five years, 851 new BGCs have been added. Additionally, we performed extensive manual data curation of all entries to improve the annotation quality of our repository. We also redesigned the data schema to ensure the compliance of future annotations. Finally, we improved the user experience by adding new features such as query searches and a statistics page, and enabled direct link-outs to chemical structure databases. The repository is accessible online at https://mibig.secondarymetabolites.org/.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1093/nar/gkz882\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/19d8c4e7bd323674ca002212ebb4406f571532e9\",\n \"result_position\": 49,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 199518660,\n \"title\": \"A deep learning genome-mining strategy for biosynthetic gene cluster prediction\",\n \"venue\": \"Nucleic Acids Research\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Geoffrey D. Hannigan\",\n \"David Prihoda\",\n \"A. Palicka\",\n \"Jindrich Soukup\",\n \"O. Klempíř\",\n \"Lena Rampula\",\n \"Jindřich Durčák\",\n \"M. Wurst\",\n \"J. Kotowski\",\n \"Dan Chang\",\n \"Rurun Wang\",\n \"Grazia Piizzi\",\n \"Gergely Temesi\",\n \"D. Hazuda\",\n \"C. Woelk\",\n \"Danny A. Bitton\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract Natural products represent a rich reservoir of small molecule drug candidates utilized as antimicrobial drugs, anticancer therapies, and immunomodulatory agents. These molecules are microbial secondary metabolites synthesized by co-localized genes termed Biosynthetic Gene Clusters (BGCs). The increase in full microbial genomes and similar resources has led to development of BGC prediction algorithms, although their precision and ability to identify novel BGC classes could be improved. Here we present a deep learning strategy (DeepBGC) that offers reduced false positive rates in BGC identification and an improved ability to extrapolate and identify novel BGC classes compared to existing machine-learning tools. We supplemented this with random forest classifiers that accurately predicted BGC product classes and potential chemical activity. Application of DeepBGC to bacterial genomes uncovered previously undetectable putative BGCs that may code for natural products with novel biologic activities. The improved accuracy and classification ability of DeepBGC represents a major addition to in-silico BGC identification.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1093/nar/gkz654\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e69e4c4b20da909b048955907cd7a3524bc07999\",\n \"result_position\": 50,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 222147772,\n \"title\": \"BiG-FAM: the biosynthetic gene cluster families database\",\n \"venue\": \"Nucleic Acids Res.\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"S. Kautsar\",\n \"K. Blin\",\n \"S. Shaw\",\n \"T. Weber\",\n \"M. Medema\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract Computational analysis of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) has revolutionized natural product discovery by enabling the rapid investigation of secondary metabolic potential within microbial genome sequences. Grouping homologous BGCs into Gene Cluster Families (GCFs) facilitates mapping their architectural and taxonomic diversity and provides insights into the novelty of putative BGCs, through dereplication with BGCs of known function. While multiple databases exist for exploring BGCs from publicly available data, no public resources exist that focus on GCF relationships. Here, we present BiG-FAM, a database of 29,955 GCFs capturing the global diversity of 1,225,071 BGCs predicted from 209,206 publicly available microbial genomes and metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). The database offers rich functionalities, such as multi-criterion GCF searches, direct links to BGC databases such as antiSMASH-DB, and rapid GCF annotation of user-supplied BGCs from antiSMASH results. BiG-FAM can be accessed online at https://bigfam.bioinformatics.nl.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1093/nar/gkaa812\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8fde81e3abb3e825fb5ed5e707c55179c801f491\",\n \"result_position\": 51,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 215778962,\n \"title\": \"antiSMASH 4.0—improvements in chemistry prediction and gene cluster boundary identification\",\n \"venue\": \"Nucleic Acids Res.\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"K. Blin\",\n \"Thomas Wolf\",\n \"M. Chevrette\",\n \"Xiaowen Lu\",\n \"Christopher J. Schwalen\",\n \"S. Kautsar\",\n \"H. S. Duran\",\n \"E. D. L. Santos\",\n \"H. Kim\",\n \"M. Nave\",\n \"Jeroen S. Dickschat\",\n \"D. Mitchell\",\n \"E. Shelest\",\n \"R. Breitling\",\n \"E. Takano\",\n \"S. Lee\",\n \"T. Weber\",\n \"M. Medema\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract Many antibiotics, chemotherapeutics, crop protection agents and food preservatives originate from molecules produced by bacteria, fungi or plants. In recent years, genome mining methodologies have been widely adopted to identify and characterize the biosynthetic gene clusters encoding the production of such compounds. Since 2011, the ‘antibiotics and secondary metabolite analysis shell—antiSMASH’ has assisted researchers in efficiently performing this, both as a web server and a standalone tool. Here, we present the thoroughly updated antiSMASH version 4, which adds several novel features, including prediction of gene cluster boundaries using the ClusterFinder method or the newly integrated CASSIS algorithm, improved substrate specificity prediction for non-ribosomal peptide synthetase adenylation domains based on the new SANDPUMA algorithm, improved predictions for terpene and ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides cluster products, reporting of sequence similarity to proteins encoded in experimentally characterized gene clusters on a per-protein basis and a domain-level alignment tool for comparative analysis of trans-AT polyketide synthase assembly line architectures. Additionally, several usability features have been updated and improved. Together, these improvements make antiSMASH up-to-date with the latest developments in natural product research and will further facilitate computational genome mining for the discovery of novel bioactive molecules.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1093/nar/gkx319\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/df09cb5ec92bf58c640be34f927de0f733ef0863\",\n \"result_position\": 52,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 155101274,\n \"title\": \"Synthetic Biology Tools for Novel Secondary Metabolite Discovery in Streptomyces.\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Namil Lee\",\n \"Soonkyu Hwang\",\n \"Yongjae Lee\",\n \"Suhyung Cho\",\n \"B. Palsson\",\n \"Byung-Kwan Cho\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Streptomyces are attractive microbial cell factories that have industrial capability to produce a wide array of bioactive secondary metabolites. However, the genetic potential of the Streptomyces species has not been fully utilized because most of their secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (SM-BGCs) are silent under laboratory culture conditions. In an effort to activate SM-BGCs encoded in Streptomyces genomes, synthetic biology has emerged as a robust strategy to understand, design, and engineer the biosynthetic capability of Streptomyces secondary metabolites. In this regard, diverse synthetic biology tools have been developed for Streptomyces species with technical advances in DNA synthesis, sequencing, and editing. Here, we review recent progress in the development of synthetic biology tools for the production of novel secondary metabolites in Streptomyces, including genomic elements and genome engineering tools for Streptomyces, the heterologous gene expression strategy of designed biosynthetic gene clusters in the Streptomyces chassis strain, and future directions to expand diversity of novel secondary metabolites.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.4014/jmb.1904.04015\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dc329a8cf77efebe6723dadef6ea2c6ff9668934\",\n \"result_position\": 53,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 3649657,\n \"title\": \"Bioinformatics tools for the identification of gene clusters that biosynthesize specialized metabolites\",\n \"venue\": \"Briefings Bioinform.\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Arvind K. Chavali\",\n \"S. Rhee\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1093/bib/bbx020\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a1e02fa661078c6a4bed84eb506150516e93931a\",\n \"result_position\": 54,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 204974985,\n \"title\": \"IMG-ABC v.5.0: an update to the IMG/Atlas of Biosynthetic Gene Clusters Knowledgebase\",\n \"venue\": \"Nucleic Acids Res.\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Krishna Palaniappan\",\n \"I. Chen\",\n \"Ken Chu\",\n \"Anna Ratner\",\n \"Rekha Seshadri\",\n \"N. Kyrpides\",\n \"Natalia N. Ivanova\",\n \"N. Mouncey\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Microbial secondary metabolism is a reservoir of bioactive compounds of immense biotechnological and biomedical potential. The biosynthetic machinery responsible for the production of these secondary metabolites (SMs) (also called natural products) is often encoded by collocated groups of genes called biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). High-throughput genome sequencing of both isolates and metagenomic samples combined with the development of specialized computational workflows is enabling systematic identification of BGCs and the discovery of novel SMs. In order to advance exploration of microbial secondary metabolism and its diversity, we developed the largest publicly available database of predicted BGCs combined with experimentally verified BGCs, the Integrated Microbial Genomes Atlas of Biosynthetic gene Clusters (IMG-ABC) (https://img.jgi.doe.gov/abc-public). Here we describe the first major content update of the IMG-ABC knowledgebase, since its initial release in 2015, refreshing the BGC prediction pipeline with the latest version of antiSMASH (v5) as well as presenting the data in the context of underlying environmental metadata sourced from GOLD (https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/). This update has greatly improved the quality and expanded the types of predicted BGCs compared to the previous version.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1093/nar/gkz932\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/43f2eb8a52d5e8da6bfa14e0c529c11f0c232478\",\n \"result_position\": 55,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 41587366,\n \"title\": \"Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene cluster.\",\n \"venue\": \"Nature Chemical Biology\",\n \"year\": 2015,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Medema\",\n \"R. Kottmann\",\n \"Pelin Yilmaz\",\n \"M. Cummings\",\n \"J. Biggins\",\n \"K. Blin\",\n \"Irene de Bruijn\",\n \"Y. Chooi\",\n \"J. Claesen\",\n \"R. Coates\",\n \"Pablo Cruz-Morales\",\n \"Srikanth Duddela\",\n \"Stephanie Düsterhus\",\n \"D. J. Edwards\",\n \"D. Fewer\",\n \"Neha Garg\",\n \"Christoph Geiger\",\n \"J. Gomez-Escribano\",\n \"Anja Greule\",\n \"Michalis Hadjithomas\",\n \"A. Haines\",\n \"Eric J. N. Helfrich\",\n \"Matthew L. Hillwig\",\n \"K. Ishida\",\n \"Adam C. Jones\",\n \"Carla S. Jones\",\n \"K. Jungmann\",\n \"Carsten Kegler\",\n \"H. Kim\",\n \"P. Kötter\",\n \"D. Krug\",\n \"J. Masschelein\",\n \"A. Melnik\",\n \"S. Mantovani\",\n \"Emily A. Monroe\",\n \"M. Moore\",\n \"N. Moss\",\n \"Hans-Wilhelm Nützmann\",\n \"Guohui Pan\",\n \"Amrita Pati\",\n \"D. Petráš\",\n \"F. Reen\",\n \"Federico Rosconi\",\n \"Z. Rui\",\n \"Zhenhua Tian\",\n \"Nicholas J. Tobias\",\n \"Y. Tsunematsu\",\n \"Philipp Wiemann\",\n \"E. Wyckoff\",\n \"Xiaohui Yan\",\n \"Grace Yim\",\n \"F. Yu\",\n \"Yunchang Xie\",\n \"Bertrand Aigle\",\n \"A. Apel\",\n \"C. Balibar\",\n \"E. Balskus\",\n \"F. Barona-Gómez\",\n \"A. Bechthold\",\n \"H. Bode\",\n \"R. Borriss\",\n \"S. Brady\",\n \"A. Brakhage\",\n \"P. Caffrey\",\n \"Yi-Qiang Cheng\",\n \"J. Clardy\",\n \"Russell John Cox\",\n \"R. De Mot\",\n \"S. Donadio\",\n \"M. Donia\",\n \"W. A. van der Donk\",\n \"P. Dorrestein\",\n \"S. Doyle\",\n \"A. Driessen\",\n \"M. Ehling-Schulz\",\n \"K. Entian\",\n \"M. Fischbach\",\n \"L. Gerwick\",\n \"W. Gerwick\",\n \"H. Gross\",\n \"B. Gust\",\n \"C. Hertweck\",\n \"M. Höfte\",\n \"S. Jensen\",\n \"J. Ju\",\n \"L. Katz\",\n \"Leonard Kaysser\",\n \"J. Klassen\",\n \"N. Keller\",\n \"J. Kormanec\",\n \"O. Kuipers\",\n \"T. Kuzuyama\",\n \"N. Kyrpides\",\n \"H. Kwon\",\n \"Sylvie Lautru\",\n \"R. Lavigne\",\n \"Chia Y. Lee\",\n \"B. Linquan\",\n \"Xinyu Liu\",\n \"Wen Liu\",\n \"A. Luzhetskyy\",\n \"T. Mahmud\",\n \"Yvonne Mast\",\n \"C. Méndez\",\n \"M. Metsä‐Ketelä\",\n \"Jason Micklefield\",\n \"D. Mitchell\",\n \"B. Moore\",\n \"L. M. Moreira\",\n \"R. Müller\",\n \"B. Neilan\",\n \"M. Nett\",\n \"J. Nielsen\",\n \"F. O'Gara\",\n \"H. Oikawa\",\n \"A. Osbourn\",\n \"M. Osburne\",\n \"B. Ostash\",\n \"Shelley M. Payne\",\n \"J. Pernodet\",\n \"M. Petříček\",\n \"J. Piel\",\n \"O. Ploux\",\n \"J. Raaijmakers\",\n \"J. Salas\",\n \"E. Schmitt\",\n \"B. Scott\",\n \"R. Seipke\",\n \"B. Shen\",\n \"D. Sherman\",\n \"K. Sivonen\",\n \"M. Smanski\",\n \"M. Sosio\",\n \"E. Stegmann\",\n \"R. Süssmuth\",\n \"K. Tahlan\",\n \"Christopher M Thomas\",\n \"Yi Tang\",\n \"A. Truman\",\n \"M. Viaud\",\n \"J. Walton\",\n \"C. Walsh\",\n \"T. Weber\",\n \"G. V. van Wezel\",\n \"B. Wilkinson\",\n \"J. Willey\",\n \"W. Wohlleben\",\n \"Gerard D. Wright\",\n \"N. Ziemert\",\n \"Changsheng Zhang\",\n \"S. Zotchev\",\n \"R. Breitling\",\n \"E. Takano\",\n \"F. Glöckner\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"A wide variety of enzymatic pathways that produce specialized metabolites in bacteria, fungi and plants are known to be encoded in biosynthetic gene clusters. Information about these clusters, pathways and metabolites is currently dispersed throughout the literature, making it difficult to exploit. To facilitate consistent and systematic deposition and retrieval of data on biosynthetic gene clusters, we propose the Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene cluster (MIBiG) data standard.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/nchembio.1890\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/aebb1191e44ffe450276a05c65a559d713d73798\",\n \"result_position\": 56,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 15121653,\n \"title\": \"Insights into secondary metabolism from a global analysis of prokaryotic biosynthetic gene clusters.\",\n \"venue\": \"Cell\",\n \"year\": 2014,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Peter Cimermancic\",\n \"M. Medema\",\n \"J. Claesen\",\n \"Kenji L. Kurita\",\n \"Laura C. Wieland Brown\",\n \"K. Mavrommatis\",\n \"Amrita Pati\",\n \"P. Godfrey\",\n \"M. Koehrsen\",\n \"J. Clardy\",\n \"B. Birren\",\n \"E. Takano\",\n \"A. Sali\",\n \"Roger G. Linington\",\n \"M. Fischbach\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Although biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) have been discovered for hundreds of bacterial metabolites, our knowledge of their diversity remains limited. Here, we used a novel algorithm to systematically identify BGCs in the extensive extant microbial sequencing data. Network analysis of the predicted BGCs revealed large gene cluster families, the vast majority uncharacterized. We experimentally characterized the most prominent family, consisting of two subfamilies of hundreds of BGCs distributed throughout the Proteobacteria; their products are aryl polyenes, lipids with an aryl head group conjugated to a polyene tail. We identified a distant relationship to a third subfamily of aryl polyene BGCs, and together the three subfamilies represent the largest known family of biosynthetic gene clusters, with more than 1,000 members. Although these clusters are widely divergent in sequence, their small molecule products are remarkably conserved, indicating for the first time the important roles these compounds play in Gram-negative cell biology.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.cell.2014.06.034\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/033cca37b3d332f1927d93440dac5f1ad9a42a1e\",\n \"result_position\": 57,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 615508,\n \"title\": \"antiSMASH 2.0—a versatile platform for genome mining of secondary metabolite producers\",\n \"venue\": \"Nucleic Acids Res.\",\n \"year\": 2013,\n \"authors\": [\n \"K. Blin\",\n \"M. Medema\",\n \"Daniyal Kazempour\",\n \"M. Fischbach\",\n \"R. Breitling\",\n \"E. Takano\",\n \"T. Weber\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Microbial secondary metabolites are a potent source of antibiotics and other pharmaceuticals. Genome mining of their biosynthetic gene clusters has become a key method to accelerate their identification and characterization. In 2011, we developed antiSMASH, a web-based analysis platform that automates this process. Here, we present the highly improved antiSMASH 2.0 release, available at http://antismash.secondarymetabolites.org/. For the new version, antiSMASH was entirely re-designed using a plug-and-play concept that allows easy integration of novel predictor or output modules. antiSMASH 2.0 now supports input of multiple related sequences simultaneously (multi-FASTA/GenBank/EMBL), which allows the analysis of draft genomes comprising multiple contigs. Moreover, direct analysis of protein sequences is now possible. antiSMASH 2.0 has also been equipped with the capacity to detect additional classes of secondary metabolites, including oligosaccharide antibiotics, phenazines, thiopeptides, homo-serine lactones, phosphonates and furans. The algorithm for predicting the core structure of the cluster end product is now also covering lantipeptides, in addition to polyketides and non-ribosomal peptides. The antiSMASH ClusterBlast functionality has been extended to identify sub-clusters involved in the biosynthesis of specific chemical building blocks. The new features currently make antiSMASH 2.0 the most comprehensive resource for identifying and analyzing novel secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways in microorganisms.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1093/nar/gkt449\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e03291f3054e2b04f4d46d5f8a0b919173864250\",\n \"result_position\": 58,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 231790742,\n \"title\": \"The year 2020 in natural product bioinformatics: an overview of the latest tools and databases.\",\n \"venue\": \"Natural product reports (Print)\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Medema\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Covering: 2020Bioinformatic approaches to document and analyse chemical structures, biosynthetic gene clusters and analytical data play an important role in the study of natural products. Every year, such a large number of new algorithms, tools and databases are released, that it is difficult to keep track of all the latest developments. The aim of this short article is to provide a concise overview of and reference to the major tools, methods and databases that have been released in the past year.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1039/d0np00090f\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/25c6b046a8c4f7114e36b4a55a3251558ad43206\",\n \"result_position\": 59,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 260413030,\n \"title\": \"Molecular dynamics and simulation analysis against superoxide dismutase (SOD) target of Micrococcus luteus with secondary metabolites from Bacillus licheniformis recognized by genome mining approach\",\n \"venue\": \"Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Zabin K. Bagewadi\",\n \"T. M. Yunus Khan\",\n \"B. Gangadharappa\",\n \"Ankita Kamalapurkar\",\n \"Shaik Mohamed Shamsudeen\",\n \"Deepak A. Yaraguppi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Micrococcus luteus, also known as M. luteus, is a bacterium that inhabits mucous membranes, human skin, and various environmental sources. It is commonly linked to infections, especially among individuals who have compromised immune systems. M. luteus is capable of synthesizing the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) as a component of its protective response to reactive oxygen species (ROS). This enzyme serves as a promising target for drug development in various diseases. The current study utilized a subtractive genomics approach to identify potential therapeutic targets from M. luteus. Additionally, genome mining was employed to identify and characterize the biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) responsible for the production of secondary metabolites in Bacillus licheniformis (B. licheniformis), a bacterium known for its production of therapeutically relevant secondary metabolites. Subtractive genomics resulted in identification of important extracellular protein SOD as a drug target that plays a crucial role in shielding cells from damage caused by ROS. Genome mining resulted in identification of five potential ligands (secondary metabolites) from B. licheniformis such as, Bacillibactin (BAC), Paenibactin (PAE), Fengycin (FEN), Surfactin (SUR) and Lichenysin (LIC). Molecular docking was used to predict and analyze the binding interactions between these five ligands and target protein SOD. The resulting protein–ligand complexes were further analyzed for their motions and interactions of atoms and molecules over 250 ns using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation analysis. The analysis of MD simulations suggests, Bacillibactin as the probable candidate to arrest the activities of SOD. All the five compounds reported in this study were found to act by directly/indirectly interacting with ROS molecules, such as superoxide radicals (O2–) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and transforming them into less reactive species. This antioxidant activity contributes to its protective effects against oxidative stress-induced damage in cells making them likely candidate for various applications, including in the development of antioxidant-based therapies, nutraceuticals, and functional foods.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103753\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f79db12d4072061426e2ac6215d899013de6cddd\",\n \"result_position\": 60,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 3490948,\n \"title\": \"From genomics to metabolomics, moving toward an integrated strategy for the discovery of fungal secondary metabolites.\",\n \"venue\": \"Natural product reports (Print)\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Thaïs Hautbergue\",\n \"E. Jamin\",\n \"Laurent Debrauwer\",\n \"O. Puel\",\n \"Isabelle P Oswald\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1039/c7np00032d\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a52e67352458076638909f4cd4216b96fc96fa39\",\n \"result_position\": 61,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 861644,\n \"title\": \"Phylogenomic Analysis of Natural Products Biosynthetic Gene Clusters Allows Discovery of Arseno-Organic Metabolites in Model Streptomycetes\",\n \"venue\": \"bioRxiv\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Pablo Cruz-Morales\",\n \"J. F. Kopp\",\n \"Christian E. Martínez-Guerrero\",\n \"Luis Alfonso Yáñez-Guerra\",\n \"Nelly Sélem-Mojica\",\n \"Hilda E Ramos-Aboites\",\n \"J. Feldmann\",\n \"F. Barona-Gómez\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Natural products from microbes have provided humans with beneficial antibiotics for millennia. However, a decline in the pace of antibiotic discovery exerts pressure on human health as antibiotic resistance spreads, a challenge that may better faced by unveiling chemical diversity produced by microbes. Current microbial genome mining approaches have revitalized research into antibiotics, but the empirical nature of these methods limits the chemical space that is explored. Here, we address the problem of finding novel pathways by incorporating evolutionary principles into genome mining. We recapitulated the evolutionary history of twenty-three enzyme families previously uninvestigated in the context of natural product biosynthesis in Actinobacteria, the most proficient producers of natural products. Our genome evolutionary analyses where based on the assumption that expanded-repurposed enzyme families-from central metabolism, occur frequently and thus have the potential to catalyze new conversions in the context of natural products biosynthesis. Our analyses led to the discovery of biosynthetic gene clusters coding for hidden chemical diversity, as validated by comparing our predictions with those from state-of-the-art genome mining tools; as well as experimentally demonstrating the existence of a biosynthetic pathway for arseno-organic metabolites in Streptomyces coelicolor and Streptomyces lividans, using gene knockout and metabolite profile combined strategy. As our approach does not rely solely on sequence similarity searches of previously identified biosynthetic enzymes, these results establish the basis for the development of an evolutionary-driven genome mining tool that complements current platforms. We anticipate that by doing so real ‘chemical dark matter’ will be unveiled.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1093/gbe/evw125\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/62e5e8116910d96649a19b0739037b4e485b6c2d\",\n \"result_position\": 62,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 275294636,\n \"title\": \"Current Approaches for Genetic Manipulation of Streptomyces spp.—Key Bacteria for Biotechnology and Environment\",\n \"venue\": \"BioTech\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Sergii Krysenko\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Organisms from the genus Streptomyces feature actinobacteria with complex developmental cycles and a great ability to produce a variety of natural products. These soil bacteria produce more than 2/3 of antibiotics used in medicine, and a large variety of bioactive compounds for industrial, medical and agricultural use. Although Streptomyces spp. have been studied for decades, the engineering of these bacteria remains challenging, and the available genetic tools are rather limited. Furthermore, most biosynthetic gene clusters in these bacteria are silent and require strategies to activate them and exploit their production potential. In order to explore, understand and manipulate the capabilities of Streptomyces spp. as a key bacterial for biotechnology, synthetic biology strategies emerged as a valuable component of Streptomyces research. Recent advancements in strategies for genetic manipulation of Streptomyces involving proposals of a large variety of synthetic components for the genetic toolbox, as well as new approaches for genome mining, assembly of genetic constructs and their delivery into the cell, allowed facilitation of the turnaround time of strain engineering and efficient production of new natural products at an industrial scale, but still have strain- and design-dependent limitations. A new perspective offered recently by technical advances in DNA sequencing, analysis and editing proposed strategies to overcome strain- and construct-specific difficulties in the engineering of Streptomyces. In this review, challenges and recent developments of approaches for Streptomyces engineering are discussed, an overview of novel synthetic biology strategies is provided and examples of successful application of new technologies in molecular genetic engineering of Streptomyces are highlighted.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/biotech14010003\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/24ece2f7ce7410a4a135e71af91ca02995830e78\",\n \"result_position\": 63,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 131777114,\n \"title\": \"Genome Features and Secondary Metabolites Biosynthetic Potential of the Class Ktedonobacteria\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Microbiology\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yu Zheng\",\n \"Ayana Saitou\",\n \"Chiung-mei Wang\",\n \"A. Toyoda\",\n \"Yohei Minakuchi\",\n \"Y. Sekiguchi\",\n \"K. Ueda\",\n \"H. Takano\",\n \"Y. Sakai\",\n \"Keietsu Abe\",\n \"A. Yokota\",\n \"S. Yabe\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The prevalence of antibiotic resistance and the decrease in novel antibiotic discovery in recent years necessitates the identification of potentially novel microbial resources to produce natural products. Ktedonobacteria, a class of deeply branched bacterial lineage in the ancient phylum Chloroflexi, are ubiquitous in terrestrial environments and characterized by their large genome size and complex life cycle. These characteristics indicate Ktedonobacteria as a potential active producer of bioactive compounds. In this study, we observed the existence of a putative “megaplasmid,” multiple copies of ribosomal RNA operons, and high ratio of hypothetical proteins with unknown functions in the class Ktedonobacteria. Furthermore, a total of 104 antiSMASH-predicted putative biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) for secondary metabolites with high novelty and diversity were identified in nine Ktedonobacteria genomes. Our investigation of domain composition and organization of the non-ribosomal peptide synthetase and polyketide synthase BGCs further supports the concept that class Ktedonobacteria may produce compounds structurally different from known natural products. Furthermore, screening of bioactive compounds from representative Ktedonobacteria strains resulted in the identification of broad antimicrobial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative tested bacterial strains. Based on these findings, we propose the ancient, ubiquitous, and spore-forming Ktedonobacteria as a versatile and promising microbial resource for natural product discovery.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fmicb.2019.00893\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7c99321fe759f13ced0ec1a40b0629815981abc2\",\n \"result_position\": 64,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 45695947,\n \"title\": \"In silico tools for the analysis of antibiotic biosynthetic pathways.\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Medical Microbiology\",\n \"year\": 2014,\n \"authors\": [\n \"T. Weber\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.ijmm.2014.02.001\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0be45a2269b7ad63be04228afa1a72bd9f638dd3\",\n \"result_position\": 65,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 249837457,\n \"title\": \"Targeted Large-Scale Genome Mining and Candidate Prioritization for Natural Product Discovery\",\n \"venue\": \"Marine Drugs\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Malit\",\n \"Hiu Yu Cherie Leung\",\n \"P. Qian\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large-scale genome-mining analyses have identified an enormous number of cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) as a great source of novel bioactive natural products. Given the sheer number of natural product (NP) candidates, effective strategies and computational methods are keys to choosing appropriate BGCs for further NP characterization and production. This review discusses genomics-based approaches for prioritizing candidate BGCs extracted from large-scale genomic data, by highlighting studies that have successfully produced compounds with high chemical novelty, novel biosynthesis pathway, and potent bioactivities. We group these studies based on their BGC-prioritization logics: detecting presence of resistance genes, use of phylogenomics analysis as a guide, and targeting for specific chemical structures. We also briefly comment on the different bioinformatics tools used in the field and examine practical considerations when employing a large-scale genome mining study.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/md20060398\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/076f60b77330b90d7df24eac6884b9ac8c8be7cb\",\n \"result_position\": 66,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 3469754,\n \"title\": \"plantiSMASH: automated identification, annotation and expression analysis of plant biosynthetic gene clusters\",\n \"venue\": \"bioRxiv\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"S. Kautsar\",\n \"H. S. Duran\",\n \"K. Blin\",\n \"A. Osbourn\",\n \"M. Medema\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Plant specialized metabolites are chemically highly diverse, play key roles in host-microbe interactions, have important nutritional value in crops and are frequently applied as medicines. It has recently become clear that plant biosynthetic pathway-encoding genes are sometimes densely clustered in specific genomic loci: biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). Here, we introduce plantiSMASH, a versatile online analysis platform that automates the identification of candidate plant BGCs. Moreover, it allows integration of transcriptomic data to prioritize candidate BGCs based on the coexpression patterns of predicted biosynthetic enzyme-coding genes, and facilitates comparative genomic analysis to study the evolutionary conservation of each cluster. Applied on 48 high-quality plant genomes, plantiSMASH identifies a rich diversity of candidate plant BGCs. These results will guide further experimental exploration of the nature and dynamics of gene clustering in plant metabolism. Moreover, spurred by the continuing decrease in costs of plant genome sequencing, they will allow genome mining technologies to be applied to plant natural product discovery. The plantiSMASH web server, precalculated results and source code are freely available from http://plantismash.secondarymetabolites.org.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1093/nar/gkx305\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/843baeb1d53af5b2bd9c646a96fd67abdc640692\",\n \"result_position\": 67,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 235495252,\n \"title\": \"Tapping Into Actinobacterial Genomes for Natural Product Discovery\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Microbiology\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"T. Singh\",\n \"A. K. Passari\",\n \"A. Jajoo\",\n \"S. Bhasin\",\n \"V. Gupta\",\n \"A. Hashem\",\n \"A. Alqarawi\",\n \"E. F. Abd_Allah\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The presence of secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) makes actinobacteria well-known producers of diverse metabolites. These ubiquitous microbes are extensively exploited for their ability to synthesize diverse secondary metabolites. The extent of their ability to synthesize various molecules is yet to be evaluated. Current advancements in genome sequencing, metabolomics, and bioinformatics have provided a plethora of information about the mechanism of synthesis of these bioactive molecules. Accessing the biosynthetic gene cluster responsible for the production of metabolites has always been a challenging assignment. The genomic approach developments have opened a new gateway for examining and manipulating novel antibiotic gene clusters. These advancements have now developed a better understanding of actinobacterial physiology and their genetic regulation for the prolific production of natural products. These new approaches provide a unique opportunity to discover novel bioactive compounds that might replenish antibiotics’ exhausted stock and counter the microbes’ resistance crisis.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fmicb.2021.655620\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4ad145f87a832f3d1a18404d26794641d3ff0db7\",\n \"result_position\": 68,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 229434350,\n \"title\": \"TOUCAN: a framework for fungal biosynthetic gene cluster discovery\",\n \"venue\": \"NAR Genomics and Bioinformatics\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Hayda Almeida\",\n \"Sylvester Palys\",\n \"A. Tsang\",\n \"A. Diallo\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract Fungal secondary metabolites (SMs) are an important source of numerous bioactive compounds largely applied in the pharmaceutical industry, as in the production of antibiotics and anticancer medications. The discovery of novel fungal SMs can potentially benefit human health. Identifying biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) involved in the biosynthesis of SMs can be a costly and complex task, especially due to the genomic diversity of fungal BGCs. Previous studies on fungal BGC discovery present limited scope and can restrict the discovery of new BGCs. In this work, we introduce TOUCAN, a supervised learning framework for fungal BGC discovery. Unlike previous methods, TOUCAN is capable of predicting BGCs on amino acid sequences, facilitating its use on newly sequenced and not yet curated data. It relies on three main pillars: rigorous selection of datasets by BGC experts; combination of functional, evolutionary and compositional features coupled with outperforming classifiers; and robust post-processing methods. TOUCAN best-performing model yields 0.982 F-measure on BGC regions in the Aspergillus niger genome. Overall results show that TOUCAN outperforms previous approaches. TOUCAN focuses on fungal BGCs but can be easily adapted to expand its scope to process other species or include new features.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1093/nargab/lqaa098\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2a5a4ec6dc281f9c99eca1d5b38fefa90105e5e9\",\n \"result_position\": 69,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 8659041,\n \"title\": \"Molecular networking and pattern-based genome mining improves discovery of biosynthetic gene clusters and their products from Salinispora species.\",\n \"venue\": \"Chemistry and Biology\",\n \"year\": 2015,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Katherine R. Duncan\",\n \"M. Crüsemann\",\n \"Anna Lechner\",\n \"A. Sarkar\",\n \"Jie Li\",\n \"N. Ziemert\",\n \"Mingxun Wang\",\n \"N. Bandeira\",\n \"B. Moore\",\n \"P. Dorrestein\",\n \"P. Jensen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.chembiol.2015.03.010\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/baa3788fda00ca86ff0ea3afcf606bfe180da4d7\",\n \"result_position\": 70,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 41496922,\n \"title\": \"Metagenomic approaches for exploiting uncultivated bacteria as a resource for novel biosynthetic enzymology.\",\n \"venue\": \"Chemistry and Biology\",\n \"year\": 2013,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Micheal C. Wilson\",\n \"J. Piel\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.chembiol.2013.04.011\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3fe4434433a15f04bc9cfec8085f73ace915a3b8\",\n \"result_position\": 71,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 91190821,\n \"title\": \"A genetical metabolomics approach for bioprospecting plant biosynthetic gene clusters\",\n \"venue\": \"BMC Research Notes\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Lotte Witjes\",\n \"Rik Kooke\",\n \"J. V. D. van der Hooft\",\n \"R. D. de Vos\",\n \"Joost J. B. Keurentjes\",\n \"M. Medema\",\n \"H. Nijveen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Plants produce a plethora of specialized metabolites to defend themselves against pathogens and insects, to attract pollinators and to communicate with other organisms. Many of these are also applied in the clinic and in agriculture. Genes encoding the enzymes that drive the biosynthesis of these metabolites are sometimes physically grouped on the chromosome, in regions called biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). Several algorithms have been developed to identify plant BGCs, but a large percentage of predicted gene clusters upon further inspection do not show coexpression or do not encode a single functional biosynthetic pathway. Hence, further prioritization is needed. Here, we introduce a strategy to systematically evaluate potential functions of predicted BGCs by superimposing their locations on metabolite quantitative trait loci (mQTLs). We show the feasibility of such an approach by integrating automated BGC prediction with mQTL datasets originating from a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of Oryza sativa and a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of Arabidopsis thaliana. In these data, we identified several links for which the enzyme content of the BGCs matches well with the chemical features observed in the metabolite structure, suggesting that this method can effectively guide bioprospecting of plant BGCs.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1186/s13104-019-4222-3\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ad8598db058fcef7fb51d2f974876e33d8165aab\",\n \"result_position\": 72,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 5205937,\n \"title\": \"SeMPI: a genome-based secondary metabolite prediction and identification web server\",\n \"venue\": \"Nucleic Acids Res.\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Paul F. Zierep\",\n \"Natàlia Padilla\",\n \"Dimitar G. Yonchev\",\n \"Kiran K. Telukunta\",\n \"Dennis Klementz\",\n \"S. Günther\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract The secondary metabolism of bacteria, fungi and plants yields a vast number of bioactive substances. The constantly increasing amount of published genomic data provides the opportunity for an efficient identification of gene clusters by genome mining. Conversely, for many natural products with resolved structures, the encoding gene clusters have not been identified yet. Even though genome mining tools have become significantly more efficient in the identification of biosynthetic gene clusters, structural elucidation of the actual secondary metabolite is still challenging, especially due to as yet unpredictable post-modifications. Here, we introduce SeMPI, a web server providing a prediction and identification pipeline for natural products synthesized by polyketide synthases of type I modular. In order to limit the possible structures of PKS products and to include putative tailoring reactions, a structural comparison with annotated natural products was introduced. Furthermore, a benchmark was designed based on 40 gene clusters with annotated PKS products. The web server of the pipeline (SeMPI) is freely available at: http://www.pharmaceutical-bioinformatics.de/sempi.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1093/nar/gkx289\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b885034b879fb5997a323196cfa35fb9035d8496\",\n \"result_position\": 73,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 20079826,\n \"title\": \"Introduction to the Special Issue “Bioinformatic tools and approaches for Synthetic Biology of natural products”\",\n \"venue\": \"Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"T. Weber\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Microorganisms are the major source for the identification of novel bioactive natural products, which may serve as future lead molecules for drug development to treat infectious and other diseases. However, the research efforts to find suchmolecules have been hampered by high re-discovery rates of known biomolecules and a lack of new innovative screening technologies resulting in reduced screening efforts by large parts of the pharmaceutical industry. With recent advances in whole-genome sequencing technologies, mass spectrometry, cheminformatics and Synthetic Biology, new technologies are now available that could become game-changers in the field. All these technologies require strong computational efforts to analyze and mine the large datasets, and/or design and optimize new pathways for Synthetic Biology applications. This Special Issue of Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology tries to cover these developments by including eight reviews and research papers on the “state-of-the-art bioinformatic tools and approaches for Synthetic Biology of natural products”. They focus on reviewing the most recent approaches and strategies to identify and analyze secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters with dedicated software programs and databases, providing new publicly accessible web services for gene cluster identification and CRISPR-design for Synthetic Biology applications. In addition, some articles demonstrate the application of such approaches to identify and study secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways and biochemical reactions in the producers. The review by Weber and Kim1 summarizes the current approaches implemented in a variety of bioinformatics software programs to identify, analyze and engineer secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways and their producers. The article contains a comprehensive collection of available tools and databases, and also introduces the “Secondary Metabolite Bioinformatics Portal” at http://www.secondarymetabolites.org, a community-driven online catalog of bioinformatics software and databases related to natural products/secondary metabolites research. While the majority of bioinformatics approaches that are currently implemented use a “gene to metabolite”-approach, Khater et al. introduce a new method that allows the correlation of existing polyketide or non-ribosomal peptide structures to their biosynthetic pathways2 complementing the currently available tools. In the review by Pupin and colleagues,3 the latest features of the NORINE database, which currently is the largest curated collection of bioactive non-ribosomally synthesized peptides, are introduced and use-cases are demonstrated. While most genome mining approaches for secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters currently aim at identifying genes encoding core biosynthetic enzymes like polyketide synthases or non-ribosomal peptide synthetases, the review by Liu4 demonstrates that cytochrome P450 can also be valuable targets to mine for secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways and to identify enzymes for the tailoring of the metabolites. In addition to the complexity of the various biosynthetic gene clusters and their encoded pathways, growth conditions and the interaction with other organisms in the environment also play crucial roles for bioproduction. In the article of Jia et al., the current knowledge on synthetic microbial consortia and their influence on physiology are reviewed.5 Metabolic engineering and Synthetic Biology approaches in natural product/secondary metabolite producing microorganisms are often hampered by low efficiency or complete lack of genetic tools. The discovery of CRISPR/Cas9-based engineering technologies and their applications6 will likely revolutionize the field by providing highly efficient tools also for “difficult” organisms. In their article, Blin et al. present the web-based tool “CRISPy-web”, which provides an easy way to design sgRNAs (single guide RNA), which are prerequisites for most CRISPR/Cas9 applications based on userprovided genome sequence data.7 Meanwhile, the newweb-based software “FunGeneClusterS” can be used to identify fungal secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters by integrating genomics and transcriptomics data.8 The manuscript of Vesth et al. not only describes a highly improved Peer review under responsibility of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.synbio.2016.04.001\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e8876d51735ae6387e6392f7c1e30e8149397efa\",\n \"result_position\": 74,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":78,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"Systematic analyses of transboundary water relations in the Euphrates-Tigris basin reveal that key riparian states—Türkiye, Syria, and Iraq—favor water diplomacy over conflict. Despite political instability, including the Syrian civil war, Türkiye and Iraq have re-engaged in formal and informal water diplomacy mechanisms. This paper argues that water diplomacy in this region will likely continue to adapt to the evolving dynamics of conflict impacting transboundary water relations. Notably, cooperation on water issues between Türkiye and Iraq is closely linked with their security collaboration, whose success will likely depend on socioeconomic developments that support fair and sustainable water use across the region. The paper further emphasizes the need to prioritize the swift implementation of existing agreements that address future water availability and demand, particularly in the context of climate change."},"query_timestamp":{"kind":"string","value":"2025-05-06T09:42:41.681181+00:00"},"thread_id":{"kind":"string","value":"ac2d14ca2bf32bf37d8b7aba4dded6afa0f4b54753d95ecd634f5317cb61ac47"},"num_shown":{"kind":"number","value":67,"string":"67"},"num_clicked":{"kind":"number","value":0,"string":"0"},"has_clicks":{"kind":"bool","value":false,"string":"false"},"shown_papers":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"corpus_id":265391546,"title":"IMPORTANCE OF WATER RESOURCES IN THE MIDDLE EASTERN POLITICS","venue":"Pakistan journal of international affairs","year":2023,"authors":["Prof. Dr. Sayeda Daud"],"abstract":"Water is the lifeblood of all human and natural systems. Although most regions of the world have abundant water resources, availability of drinking water is inadequate in many parts of the world. Current and projected water shortages are nowhere as acute as in the arid countries of the Middle East. While battles have been fought over water allocation in many countries, the greatest potential for a conflict over water is perhaps in the Middle East, where water resources are limited and political tension is high. Water is just one of the issues that may widen the gulf between countries. Cooperation to solve water problems is possible, though difficult. Indeed, joint action on water has the potential to lead to even greater co-operation in the wider political arena. Mutually beneficial, “win – win” solutions are preferable to conflict or stalemate. Conversely, arrangements not arrived at to fairly allocate one of life’s most important necessities can only perpetuate conflict. The most pressing environmental problem in the Middle East concerns the ownership, management and useof scarce water resources. Water has frequently been the cause of regional conflicts. Much of the struggle between Israel and its Arab neighbours revolves around the water issues. Indeed, the history of relationship between Israel, Syria, and Jordan for the past 50 years can be viewed as a fight for water. A long-term settlement between Israel and its neighbours will depend as much on the fair allocation of water as of land. Nearby, Egypt fears an appropriation of the Niles waters, on which 60 million of its people are entirely dependent, by the upstream countries of Sudan and Ethiopia. Water problem is linked with other problems of the Middle East. The dispute between Iranand Iraq over Shatt-al-Arab, for example, has its origins in boundary conflicts that go back in history. Arguments between Turkey and Syria over water from the River Euphrates are often linked to Syrian support to the Marxist Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) that seeks independence for the Turkish Kurdistan region. Iraqi-Syrian water disagreements have both masked and resulted from military and political ambitions.","doi":"10.52337/pjia.v6i3.910","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ba836e831086786c6453e0ed18f1380a9d1f9ed0","result_position":0,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":127036125,"title":"Summary and Results: Facing Global Environmental Change and Sectorialization of Security","venue":"Facing Global Environmental Change","year":2009,"authors":["H. Brauch"],"abstract":"The previous 99 chapters contain diverse theoretical and conceptual approaches and empirical results that are briefly summarized below following the ten parts of the book.","doi":"10.1007/978-3-540-68488-6_100","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/064ab617550f01fe92a63ff2d2b5a2b9654a6fb0","result_position":1,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":158239191,"title":"State-of-the-art review of transboundary water governance in the Euphrates–Tigris river basin","venue":"","year":2019,"authors":["A. Kibaroglu"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1080/07900627.2017.1408458","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c3f90252106c53797ccc99f6dceb03dba15b62bf","result_position":2,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":267144198,"title":"Tigris, Euphrates, and Shatt Al-Arab River System: Historic and Modern Attempts to Manage and Restore Iraq’s Lifeline","venue":"Open Journal of Soil Science","year":2024,"authors":["K. R. Olson","David R. Speidel"],"abstract":".","doi":"10.4236/ojss.2024.141003","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/53fb1ea09792d807757447cf13094ae1cea81ac5","result_position":3,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":37988758,"title":"Dispute over Water Resource Management—Iraq and Turkey","venue":"","year":2016,"authors":["Sameh W. H. Al-Muqdadi","Mohammed Omer","Rudy K. Abo","A. Naghshineh"],"abstract":"As a downstream region, Iraq was ranked among the richest Middle Eastern countries with regards to water resources. The world witnessed the emergence of a magnificent ancient civilization that largely relied on agriculture with extraordinary irrigation systems. However, during the last decade, Iraq began to suffer dramatically from inadequate water shares, desertification, and several other environmental issues due to the absence of proper resource management and, not least, various political conflicts. Numerous global water wars, particularly ones involving developing countries, reflect the importance of water shares and potential demand for water. Iraq, Turkey, and Syria, riparian watercourse countries, have engaged in a long-term water dispute that continues to yield no end through mutual agreement. This present work highlights the major events of this dispute, evaluates the causes and current water challenges, and provides a comprehensive solution through the establishment of the Iraqi Water Security Council.","doi":"10.4236/JEP.2016.78098","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7015779747f0d04593daf864a7e7a4509ed36ce0","result_position":4,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":244551232,"title":"Development of a dynamics-based model for analyzing strategic water–environmental conflicts: systems thinking instead of linear thinking","venue":"Water Policy","year":2021,"authors":["Mohsen Shahbaznezhadfard","S. Yousefi"],"abstract":"\n A new evolvement in graph model for conflict resolution (GMCR), a robust methodology for conflict resolution, is presented in this research effort to incorporate the systems thinking concept into the conventional paradigm of GMCR so that the dynamic nature of water–environmental conflicts can be modeled, and better outcomes obtained. To achieve this objective, a methodology is developed in three phases: static, dynamic, and outcome-based analyses. To develop the methodology, the Tigris–Euphrates basin conflict in the Middle East over the past 30 years, as a real-life case study, is used to show the robustness and capabilities of the proposed approach. Finally, a sustainable resolution to the current conflict is proposed, and the results are discussed. The proposed methodology benefits from improving the existing and often static-based conflict resolution developments by considering the dynamic nature so that the true root causes of complex conflicts are addressed, better strategic insights achieved, and comprehensive resolution provided.","doi":"10.2166/wp.2021.145","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4d3791938fd04c0b55a0d248c87db79885abef0a","result_position":5,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":244507188,"title":"Water: A Major Stake of Conflicts in the Twenty-First Century","venue":"Open Journal of Social Sciences","year":2021,"authors":["B. Makengo","Joseph Mimbale Molanga","Jean-Marie Mbutamuntu","Patience Kamanda Londo","Théo-Macaire Kaminar Nsiy"],"abstract":"The need to ensure freshwater security remains sacrosanct to the survival and security of humanity. While various studies on water security continue to draw the world’s attention to future threats and risks against humanity’s better survival and security—following the current management of our various waterways. It is in this light that this paper proposes to explain why access to water may well be a major stake of conflicts in this 21st century. After debate and discussion, the results that emerge from this paper show that the multiplication of threats arising from climate change, which continues to worsen in this century, coupled with the hybrid policies and activities of various actors at stake, and combined with the singular characteristics of water—including, notably, a resource that guarantees our existence, a scarce resource, an unevenly distributed resource, and a resource that is shared among several states, nationalities and social categories—emerge two fundamental implications. The first is that of the great need for cooperation between riparian states, nationalities and various social categories; and the second is that exhi-bits the great likelihood of conflicts between them—to the competing uses of the shared water resource and the conquering spirits of one another. By using a few cases of bellicose rhetoric on the Tigris-Euphrates, Jordan, Indus, Syr-Daria, Nile, Congo, Colorado and Rio Grande watersheds, this paper makes a bitter observation of the predominant tendency of the second implication—the conflictual one—over the first—the cooperative one—in this twenty-first century that ostensibly denotes that water should be taken seriously as","doi":"10.4236/jss.2021.911011","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0b377c8dccc52e3732fd51b3d401f38ca3ce9314","result_position":6,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":145486491,"title":"Asymmetric Power: Negotiating Water in the Euphrates and Tigris","venue":"","year":2009,"authors":["Marwa Daoudy"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1163/157180609X432860","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6d4c88016337c3c5193871a90ea435aed063504a","result_position":7,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":62882459,"title":"The struggle over Turkey’s Ilısu Dam: domestic and international security linkages","venue":"International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics","year":2012,"authors":["J. Warner"],"abstract":"While on the surface the Turkish state appears to have asymmetrical power vis-à-vis downstreamers and local societal opponents, and therefore, the ability to shape basin politics, domestic, basin and international protest over the ‘securitised’ Ilısu Dam in Turkey proved more decisive in that respect. A cornerstone of the GAP (Güneydoğu Anadolu Projesi, Southeast Anatolia Project) multi-dam project to harness the water from the Euphrates and Tigris, the dam project elicited successful resistance from Turkey’s downstream neighbours, social and environmental NGOs and professionals targeting the international donors and contractors. On the basis of document research and interviews, this article investigates which factors opened up the space for politicising the project, and how this politicisation played out in both the domestic and international domain. The link between the securitised (where water is almost by default a security issue) and non-securitised spheres of hydropolitical decision-making (where it is not) proved crucial to the success of the anti-dam opposition.","doi":"10.1007/s10784-012-9178-x","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/77416becbf516cef1eda779b273d155a047703f1","result_position":8,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":140360179,"title":"An Institutional Framework for Facilitating Cooperation in the Euphrates-Tigris River Basin","venue":"","year":2000,"authors":["Ünver","Kibaroglu"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1163/15718060020848785","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f84392e982d15cc72f991e463f261bbe8c76139e","result_position":9,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":204272010,"title":"Developing Strategy for Water Conflict Management and Transformation at Euphrates–Tigris Basin","venue":"Water","year":2019,"authors":["Sameh W. H. Al-Muqdadi"],"abstract":"Developing water technology and management systems is not sufficient to cope with the water shortage, where political decisions might be considered as a critical element in this context. The Euphrates–Tigris basin has been suffering for decades from political instability and mismanagement. The tension over the water allocation that was on the negotiating table since the 1960s ended with no substantial agreement between the riparian countries (Iraq, Turkey and Syria). The objective is to evaluate the impact of the political dimension by creating a conceptual model for the hydropolitical cycle, addressing the importance of the negotiation concepts to reach an agreement; the research also aims to develop a strategy that might support the transformation from conflict to collaboration. The approaches of situation map and systems thinking have been implemented to build the model. The tools of negotiation skills have been adopted to assist the water conflict. The results describe the challenges within different levels and demonstrating the hydropolitical cycle and adding a sustain toolkit to the theory of water conflict and transformation management. Moreover, the paper produces the structure and workflow of establishing the Global Water Security Council.","doi":"10.3390/w11102037","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3fc0507866e23b06e03c2f8f4a7e588ba541ee99","result_position":10,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":168076722,"title":"Benefit-sharing as a tool of conflict transformation: applying the Inter-SEDE model to the Euphrates and Tigris river basins","venue":"","year":2007,"authors":["Marwa Daoudy"],"abstract":"The concept of benefit-sharing, as employed in the Inter-SEDE model, analyzes potential security, economic development, and environmental-related benefits to sharing the waters of the Euphrates and Tigris river basins. The article finds that Iraq scores fairly high on security and economics-related indicators, revealing the country’s vulnerable downstream position. Syria’s security score highlights this actor’s vulnerable position as the mid-stream riparian. Turkey is favorably differentiated on some of the economic indicators. To enhance the potential for spill-over between water cooperation and conflict prevention, durable and peaceful relations among riparian states require that water-related benefits be shared.","doi":"10.15355/EPSJ.2.2.26","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a4c14106413d655a71acc40684268a1396b332b4","result_position":11,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":133785014,"title":"Review: \"Negotiating International Water Rights: Resource Conflict in Turkey, Syria and Iraq\" by Müşerref Yetim","venue":"","year":2017,"authors":["Louis Proyect"],"abstract":"A review of Negotiating International Water Rights: Resource Conflict in Turkey, Syria and Iraq by Müşerref Yetim (2016).","doi":"10.25148/CRCP.5.1.001674","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0ea606d0a9e709bc91e605cb5a72dd5aad7d63b4","result_position":12,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":152906886,"title":"Syria and Turkey in Water Diplomacy (1962–2003)","venue":"","year":2004,"authors":["Marwa Daoudy"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1007/978-3-662-10866-6_27","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/aa9f3e9ac9120d78952c7a72c03534fc15cb7f90","result_position":13,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":129653702,"title":"An analysis of the causes of water crisis in the Euphrates-Tigris river basin","venue":"Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences","year":2014,"authors":["A. Kibaroglu","Tugba Evrim Maden"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1007/s13412-014-0185-9","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e8dff9d74cb7e9cdfdb3f908dd88bf16918bd6d7","result_position":14,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":253241684,"title":"The Spiral of Escalating Water Conflict: The Theory of Hydro-Politics","venue":"Water","year":2022,"authors":["Sameh W. H. Al-Muqdadi"],"abstract":"Using water to enforce a political agenda is a global concern for peacebuilding. Hence, understanding hydro-politics is essential when predicting possible water-based conflict scenarios between riparian countries. A structured theory covering most of the possible events involved in hydro-politics would help assess with a sufficient understanding the reasons and consequences of water conflict. This study proposed a comprehensive theory of hydro-politics, particularly those related to water impoundment and water control through upstream country dams, to identify the root causes of water conflicts between riparian states and the factors of global challenges that arise in conflicts. The framework used eight phases elaborated on the key theories of international relations and demonstrated the possible connection between water conflict/cooperation events and the adopted international relations doctrine at the state level. Each phase illustrates the hydro-political relations between the riparian countries, expected level of conflict, power balance, and possible consequences. Additionally, 21 international case studies were used to illustrate these phases. The theory may assist decision makers in analyzing collective risk and alleviating any expected negative implications of water conflicts.","doi":"10.3390/w14213466","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d5c1d5acc7bb7e9b3c4c92ae9ac04ae3bb7c0e85","result_position":15,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":234879722,"title":"Water Conflicts: From Ancient to Modern Times and in the Future","venue":"Sustainability","year":2021,"authors":["A. Angelakis","M. Valipour","Abdelkader T. Ahmed","V. A. Tzanakakis","N. Paranychianakis","J. Krasilnikoff","R. Drusiani","L. Mays","F. Gohary","Demetris Koutsoyiannis","Saifullah Khan","Luigi Joseph Del Giacco"],"abstract":"Since prehistoric times, water conflicts have occurred as a result of a wide range of tensions and/or violence, which have rarely taken the form of traditional warfare waged over water resources alone. Instead, water has historically been a (re)source of tension and a factor in conflicts that start for other reasons. In some cases, water was used directly as a weapon through its ability to cause damage through deprivation or erosion or water resources of enemy populations and their armies. However, water conflicts, both past and present, arise for several reasons; including territorial disputes, fight for resources, and strategic advantage. The main reasons of water conflicts are usually delimitation of boundaries, waterlogging (e.g., dams and lakes), diversion of rivers flow, running water, food, and political distresses. In recent decades, the number of human casualties caused by water conflicts is more than that of natural disasters, indicating the importance of emerging trends on water wars in the world. This paper presents arguments, fights, discourses, and conflicts around water from ancient times to the present. This diachronic survey attempts to provide water governance alternatives for the current and future.","doi":"10.3390/SU13084237","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7a21dcc15471e778620f61a9c117ded9787d6c55","result_position":16,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":246309444,"title":"Compound Effects of Climate Change on Future Transboundary Water Issues in the Middle East","venue":"Earth's Future","year":2022,"authors":["A. Dezfuli","S. Razavi","B. Zaitchik"],"abstract":"The Middle East is one of the world's most vulnerable areas to climate change, which has exacerbated environmental, agricultural, water conflict, and public health issues in the region. Here we analyze the latest climate model projections of precipitation and temperature for the very high emissions scenario, SSP5‐8.5, to detect potential future changes in this region. A baseline period (1981–2010) is compared with the middle (2040–2069) and end (2070–2099) of the 21st century. The results, representing the worst‐case scenario, identify the Tigris‐Euphrates headwaters as the hotspot of future compounding effects of climate change in the Middle East. Those effects result from the coincidence of elevated temperature, reduced precipitation, and enhanced interannual variability of precipitation. The hotspot overlays the location of the Southeastern Anatolia Project (in Turkish, Güneydoğu Anadolu Projesi [GAP]) irrigation initiative. In this climate context, risks to GAP viability and downstream water security, and associated potential for water‐related conflicts and migration are considerable and demand a reconsideration of the risk‐benefit assessment of GAP. This need has become more urgent after the recent widespread and deadly climate‐related conflicts and wildfires in summer 2021 across the Middle East that further underlined vulnerability of the region to climate extremes.","doi":"10.1029/2022EF002683","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fb6b9b972a652feef9227b1efb2c9c0d484da2fb","result_position":17,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":213299003,"title":"Water as a Weapon of War in the Tigris-Euphrates Basin","venue":"","year":2019,"authors":["A. Krzymowski"],"abstract":"The paper aims to present water as a weapon of war in the Tigris-Euphrates Basin, as well as the role and significance of water for a new architecture of global security. The main goal of the study is to find an answer to the research question of whether water the Tigris-Euphrates Basin will be still a tool for fighting or cooperation as an effective tool for facing strategic challenges. The research hypothesis is that the issue of challenges related to water in the Euphrates River basin will, first of all, follow the social and political-economic relations between Turkey, Iraq and Syria and external factors. The research was conducted using a descriptive-analytical method. Moreover, this research is based on the neorealist theory of international relations, and the concept of international constellation analysis, as well as the theory of neo-institutionalism. Future anarchical global security architecture will lead to a hegemonic system of water relations. Therefore, without international coordination and far-reaching strategy in the face of the emerging anarchic global security structure, stable water cooperation in this region cannot be reached.","doi":"10.14746/ps.2019.1.20","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c932c7588fa5055042ca9a0e0338299057e959b8","result_position":18,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":197559696,"title":"Hydro Geopolitics of the Tigris and Euphrates","venue":"Springer Proceedings in Earth and Environmental Sciences","year":2019,"authors":["N. Al‐Ansari"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-18641-8_4","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/145a295f0055aa50b01710380d46468e6d913343","result_position":19,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":241010594,"title":"Exploring the challenges and opportunities in the Water, Energy, Food nexus for Arid Region","venue":"Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems","year":2020,"authors":["Sameh W. H. Al-Muqdadi","Ali Khalaifawi","B. Abdulrahman","Faisal Aziz Kittana","Khalid Zaki Alwadi","M. Abdulkhaleq","Saif Salwan Al Saffar","Shahda Mazin Al Taie","Sheelaz Merza","Reem Al Dahmani"],"abstract":"Water, Energy, and Food sectors are interlinked in a nexus wherein actions relevant to one sector can often influence other sectors to a high degree. Globally, there has been a growing focus on ensuring water, energy, and food security in different kinds of frameworks and models. The current research aims to describe the complex interlinks between the three sectors by evaluating the challenges and opportunities in the following domains: policy, management, and technology. The hypothesis is to provide a basic practice framework to secure better outreach to tackle the interlinks and mismatches within the nexus elements. The methods used a dynamic framework through a transdisciplinary team; the team divided the nexus into six sub-sectors and collecting the primary data through fieldwork interviewing 22 stakeholders and secondary data of 211 literature. The approach of complex adaptive systems and evolving mental models have been used to analyse and develop the framework. The results show that interlinks within the water, energy, and food nexus are quite challenging to be identified since each region has different needs. However, the customized framework covered the gaps holistically, which can be used as a fundamental practice guideline. The study also proposed practical solutions and highlighting the opportunities to secure the future of sustainable development goals.","doi":"10.13044/j.sdewes.d8.0355","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d2bf53d68a10555273d7deec4136edfb97dbe9cc","result_position":20,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":109931858,"title":"Between Emulation and Assemblage: Analysing WFD Policy Transfer Outcomes in Turkey","venue":"Water","year":2019,"authors":["Burçin Demirbilek","D. Benson"],"abstract":"Turkey’s protracted European Union (EU) accession process has resulted in the transfer of environmental policy, primarily the water acquis. Despite a recent reversal in accession negotiations, this process is continuing and has thereby resulted in the active Europeanisation of Turkish water policy. However, the resultant pattern of Europeanisation remains poorly understood with questions arising as to whether policy transfer is leading to significant convergence with EU policy, or if a uniquely Turkish hybrid system of water governance is emerging. The paper therefore provides an analysis of transfer outcomes from the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD), using eight core institutional features: identification of river basins; transboundary cooperation; environmental objectives setting; characterisation of river basins; monitoring; cost recovery and water pricing; river basin management planning; and public participation. While analysis of legal frameworks and their implementation shows many areas of emulation, some features of the WFD in Turkey are an amalgam of pre-existing water institutions, the mimetic influence of integrated water resources management (IWRM) norms, EU policy and changing national water policy priorities: what we call assembled emulation. This observation has implications for future studies on policy transfer, Europeanisation, IWRM and Turkish accession.","doi":"10.3390/W11020324","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/06d4e4f4cab3e72c35e5bd5715995af823bfc61a","result_position":21,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":202319620,"title":"Отношения Сирии и Турции в сфере водных ресурсов","venue":"","year":2019,"authors":["Родех Хоури"],"abstract":"This article focuses on the relationship of Syria and Turkey in the field of water resources. The author studies the chronology of the development of relations between Syria and Turkey on the stated issues, historical background and causes of conflict situations. The positions of Syria, Turkey and Iraq on the current controversial situations related to the use of shared water resources are analyzed. The author focuses on the vital importance of water resources for the economy and national security of Syria. The role of regional integration associations in resolving conflict situations on the stated issues is revealed.","doi":"10.24975/2313-8920-2019-6-2-203-212","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8ce0416cae21fb56edbc328b3cab6b8fcc143a8f","result_position":22,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":15185684,"title":"Groundwater depletion in the Middle East from GRACE with implications for transboundary water management in the Tigris-Euphrates-Western Iran region","venue":"Water Resources Research","year":2013,"authors":["K. Voss","J. Famiglietti","M. Lo","C. Linage","M. Rodell","S. Swenson"],"abstract":"In this study, we use observations from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission to evaluate freshwater storage trends in the north‐central Middle East, including portions of the Tigris and Euphrates River Basins and western Iran, from January 2003 to December 2009. GRACE data show an alarming rate of decrease in total water storage of approximately −27.2±0.6 mm yr−1 equivalent water height, equal to a volume of 143.6 km3 during the course of the study period. Additional remote‐sensing information and output from land surface models were used to identify that groundwater losses are the major source of this trend. The approach used in this study provides an example of “best current capabilities” in regions like the Middle East, where data access can be severely limited. Results indicate that the region lost 17.3±2.1 mm yr−1 equivalent water height of groundwater during the study period, or 91.3±10.9 km3 in volume. Furthermore, results raise important issues regarding water use in transboundary river basins and aquifers, including the necessity of international water use treaties and resolving discrepancies in international water law, while amplifying the need for increased monitoring for core components of the water budget.","doi":"10.1002/wrcr.20078","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6729603fa548836e4d7c54c66277edf9f17c7121","result_position":23,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":157763773,"title":"THE POWER STRUGGLE IN THE LAYER OF TRANSNATIONAL HYDROPOLITICS: THE CASE OF THE ILISU DAM PROJECT","venue":"","year":2016,"authors":["Ahmet Conker"],"abstract":"The study analyses hydropolitical relations among state and non-state actors in the context of the layer of transnational hydropolitics by looking at the controversy over the construction of the Ilisu dam project. Turkey is fully engaged in its „hydraulic mission?, very extensively and rapidly „developing? water resources throughout its territory. Some of these flows cross international borders, specifically very heavily contested Euphrates and Tigris basin. This large basin has attracted considerable academic attention, notably in regards to Turkey?s relations with downstream neighbours, Syria and Iraq. Yet, the great bulk of the existing analysis falls prey to two broader weaknesses; a) it has narrowly applied the recently developed literature regarding the role of power in transboundary water politics, and b) it has neglected or under-emphasized how non-state actors enrol in hydropolitical processes. Informed by deep investigation of the case study regarding the recent controversy over the construction of the Ilisu dam on the Tigris River, the study proposes a conceptual framework that seeks to analyse how power dynamics are at work at different scales of hydropolitics other than inter-state relations between the riparian states and how both discursive and material power capabilities influence the outcome of interactions as well as conflictual and cooperative relations between the state and non-state actors. The application of the conceptual framework to the relations between opponents and proponents of the construction of the Ilisu dam project shows how power dynamics change over time and they strongly shape conflictual relations between the actors. By highlighting the influence of the transnational anti-dam activist networks, the study shows the relevance of including non-state actors into analysis. The study shows that such actors lack material power but are able to use discursive (ideational and bargaining) power very effectively to meet their interests.","doi":"10.15604/EJSS.2016.04.04.002","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a8af60482db70283e42c7624f3dcfc748f509f9b","result_position":24,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":260691172,"title":"Exploring the Water-Energy-Food nexus in context of conflict in Iraq","venue":"Energy Nexus","year":2023,"authors":["Bassam Yousif","Omar El-joumayle","J. Baban"],"abstract":"This article applies the Water-Energy-Food (WEF) nexus to explore the relationships between Iraq ’ s water (demand and supply), energy (oil, gas and electricity), and food production, moving beyond sector-specific studies. Thus, this is a WEF analysis of a country that is emerging from years of conflict and instability and is among the first WEF applications to Iraq at the national (as opposed to regional or metropolitan) level. We utilize various open-source data, peer reviewed and grey literature to survey environmental conditions, setting the ground for the study of WEF interrelationships. We note the decline in the quality and availability of water, focusing on it as a key input into both agricultural and oil production. We argue that the declining quality and availability of water over many decades is unable to sustain both present agricultural practices and rising oil output, high-lighting the difficulty of increasing the outputs of these sectors. As such, the article underlines the need for a multi-sectoral approach in dealing with the present challenges of water, energy and food production and argues that a radical restructuring of the relations between the sectors is required. We offer policy recommendations that seek to overcome internal barriers, constraints that exist and are potentially solvable within Iraq, and other measures geared towards external barriers, including the actions of neighbors.","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100233","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/eb60cd35f7b4a66343382eb4794e7ac74fa09ad5","result_position":25,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":133812534,"title":"Sustainable Water Management in Iraq (Kurdistan) as a Challenge for Governmental Responsibility","venue":"Water","year":2018,"authors":["M. Yousuf","N. Rapantová","J. Younis"],"abstract":"During the last few decades, a critical scarcity of water has occurred in the Middle East due to climate change and the mismanagement of water resources. The situation is complicated by the absence of an effective legislative framework at the local level as well as by the incapability and disrepute of the local water authorities. Most Iraqi citizens depend on the surface waters of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, which have their sources in upstream neighbouring countries. Water crises concerning the shared waters urgently require a solution at the international level. Unfortunately, Iraq has faced several wars in a row (1980–2003), which has prevented the country from establishing its institutions. The rapid increase in the population of the transboundary countries on the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, and the high demands on agriculture, are accelerating water exploitation. In this paper, the present state of water management in Iraq from the viewpoint of the legislative framework, water balance, and transboundary issues will be discussed, with special attention to Kurdistan. Many legislative documents have been established or amended by the Iraqi and Kurdistan parliaments since 2003. In 2015, the Kurdistan Government Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources, in cooperation with the EU, issued a guide for environmental legislation related to all environmental components such as air, water, and soil. The recommendations on actions needed in the water management in Kurdistan will be presented; they are inspired by the Water Framework Directive (WFD) (2000/60/EC) implemented in EU member states.","doi":"10.3390/W10111651","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/57e75d50be73d6ffa61ce8a4825077499b80370c","result_position":26,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":269909206,"title":"Equal allocation, demand priority or negotiated allocation? How to allocate water resources in the Tigris and Euphrates River Basin efficiently","venue":"Heliyon","year":2024,"authors":["Yuntao Bai","Lang Wang","Ruidi Hu","Delong Li"],"abstract":"The Tigris and Euphrates River Basin is an important water supply, but it suffers from water scarcity. It is necessary to carry out reasonable allocation of water resources in this region. Since water resources issues in this region are of multinational interest, international cooperative distribution efforts are needed. Common water resources allocation modes include equal allocation, demand priority or negotiation allocation. In order to derive the applicable range of various water resources allocation modes, this article constructs three differential game models and compares and analyzes the equilibrium results obtained by the models. Finally, the study shows that when the cost of developing water resources is small and the revenue obtained from developing water resources is large, the water-scarce region can obtain the maximum benefit by adopting the demand priority mode. Otherwise, the water-scarce region can obtain the maximum benefit by adopting the negotiation allocation mode. This study can inform the allocation, strategic interaction and cooperation of dynamic water resources in the two river basins.","doi":"10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31458","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4a2c244b15b82cca8c7953024fac5d9db6321bd1","result_position":27,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":236269813,"title":"Deltas in Arid Environments","venue":"Water","year":2021,"authors":["J. Day","Reed Goodman","Zhongyuan Chen","R. Hunter","L. Giosan","Yanna Wang"],"abstract":"Due to increasing water use, diversion and salinization, along with subsidence and sea-level rise, deltas in arid regions are shrinking worldwide. Some of the most ecologically important arid deltas include the Colorado, Indus, Nile, and Tigris-Euphrates. The primary stressors vary globally, but these deltas are threatened by increased salinization, water storage and diversion, eutrophication, and wetland loss. In order to make these deltas sustainable over time, some water flow, including seasonal flooding, needs to be re-established. Positive impacts have been seen in the Colorado River delta after flows to the delta were increased. In addition to increasing freshwater flow, collaboration among stakeholders and active management are necessary. For the Nile River, cooperation among different nations in the Nile drainage basin is important. River flow into the Tigris-Euphrates River delta has been affected by politics and civil strife in the Middle East, but some flow has been re-allocated to the delta. Studies commissioned for the Indus River delta recommended re-establishment of some monthly water flow to maintain the river channel and to fight saltwater intrusion. However, accelerating climate impacts, socio-political conflicts, and growing populations suggest a dire future for arid deltas.","doi":"10.3390/W13121677","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b0f1c43733f7886decb0d669665d1e31f940d3a3","result_position":28,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":129337019,"title":"Present Conditions and Future Challenges of Water Resources Problems in Iraq","venue":"","year":2014,"authors":["N. Al‐Ansari","A. Ali","S. Knutsson"],"abstract":"Iraq is part of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA region). It greatly relies in its water resources on the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Iraq was considered rich in its water resources till 1970s. After that problems due to water scarcity aroused. Recently, it is expected that water shortage problems will be more serious. The supply and demand are predicted to be 43 and 66.8 Billion Cubic Meters (BCM) respectively in 2015, while in 2025 it will be 17.61 and 77BCM respectively. In addition, future prediction suggests that Tigris and Euphrates Rivers will be completely dry in 2040. To overcome this problem, prudent water management plan is to be adopted. It should include Strategic Water Management Vision, development of irrigation techniques, reduction of water losses, use of non-conventional water resources and research and development planning.","doi":"10.4236/JWARP.2014.612102","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4ec1af1fff9c686e2caf66510eecde8147474ef8","result_position":29,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":272246355,"title":"Solving the Water Resource Problems in Iraq","venue":"Engineering","year":2024,"authors":["Nadhir Al-Ansari","N. Adamo","V. Sissakian","J. Laue","S. Abed"],"abstract":"Iraq covers an area of 437072 km 2 in the northeastern part of the Middle East. Its population now is more than 40 million. It relies mainly on its water resources from the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers and their tributaries. Recently, Iraq has been experiencing a severe water scarcity problem. This is mainly due to climate change, increased hydrological projects in riparian countries, and water resources mismanagement inside Iraq itself. To overcome the problem, a new strategy should be implemented. Such strategy should consider two main courses of action: a) serious negotiations with riparian countries to reach an agreement giving Iraq equitable water shares from the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers and their tributaries. b) Prudent water management practices inside Iraq that consider adopting realistic distribution of water be-tween the governorates, rational policies aiming at increased water use efficiencies within Irrigation networks, increased use of non-conventional sources of water, adjustment of water tariffs and their collection procedures, improving agricultural techniques, introduction of intensive guidance and public awareness programs, and promulgation of new legislations, in addition to creation of human resources development programs.","doi":"10.4236/eng.2024.168016","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/013a412cd9af971a1c6b1206edd0dc7d851825ce","result_position":30,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":276332802,"title":"Factors Affecting Transboundary Water Disputes: Nile, Indus, and Euphrates–Tigris River Basins","venue":"Water","year":2025,"authors":["Mujib Ahmad Azizi","Jorge Leandro"],"abstract":"Transboundary water disputes arise as nations compete over shared water resources, exacerbated by climate change, socio-economic inequalities, and geopolitical tensions. These disputes, prominent in river basins like the Nile, Euphrates–Tigris, and Indus, threaten regional stability, water security, and ecological sustainability. This study investigates the drivers of such conflicts, evaluates the role of historical treaties, and examines the socio-economic and political dynamics, including hydro-hegemony and power imbalances, that influence governance. The research addresses the two following key questions: what factors drive transboundary water disputes, and what lessons from past conflicts and cooperation can guide future governance frameworks? Using a descriptive approach, the study critically analyses the literature and case studies to identify actionable insights. Specific objectives include analyzing drivers of conflict, assessing treaty efficacy, and deriving sustainable water-sharing strategies. Findings reveal that climate variability, population growth, and outdated agreements intensify challenges. In the Nile River Basin, Ethiopia’s Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) strains relations, while in the Indus Basin, the outdated Indus Waters Treaty struggles to address modern demands. Similarly, unilateral actions in the Euphrates–Tigris River Basin (ETRB) exacerbate socio-political instability. The study underscores the importance of inclusive governance, equitable treaties, and integrated strategies, such as integrated water resources management and climate adaptation, to balance ecological, socio-economic, and geopolitical priorities. Linking these efforts to the Sustainable Development Goals highlights their potential to transform conflict into opportunities for regional stability and shared prosperity.","doi":"10.3390/w17040525","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/57fe100503a3cc6a400dd50dd5c40fb1c04d70a9","result_position":31,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":257062362,"title":"“Scales of justice. Large dams and water rights in the Tigris–Euphrates basin”","venue":"Policy & Society","year":2023,"authors":["Alessandro Tinti"],"abstract":"\n The paper explores the politics of scale associated with the top-down planning of large hydraulic infrastructures in the Tigris–Euphrates basin. Against the backdrop of a worsening water crisis and the lack of cooperation between riparian countries, dams and reservoirs across the transboundary river system are sites of contestation between competing claims over dwindling and disputed resources. Drawing on post-structuralist insights from human geography on the politics of scale and the literature on megaprojects, it is argued here that hydraulic infrastructures are materially and discursively implicated in the construction of waterscapes at different scales to sustain broader political imaginaries. Based on ethnographic fieldwork and with a focus on the autonomous Region of Kurdistan in Iraq, the analysis juxtaposes the narratives deployed by state- and non-state actors to support or counter the development of additional dams. While, on the one hand, the Kurdistan Regional Government portrays hydraulic infrastructures as a vital source of security and well-being within the overarching nationalist narrative of Kurdish self-determination, on the other hand, transnational civil society groups under the umbrella of the Save the Tigris and Iraqi Marshes Campaign have mobilized against the adverse impact of megaprojects and appealed to the common Mesopotamian heritage in order to de-escalate political tensions within the transboundary river basin. In both cases, hydraulic infrastructures provide a framework for political action to secure recognition of rights and assert the appropriate scale of governance. Furthermore, bottom-up resistance is accompanied by the promotion of a participatory and inclusive approach to shared waters. From this perspective, the spatial politics of megaprojects intersect with issues of identity, equity, and sustainability.","doi":"10.1093/polsoc/puad003","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/20857de435826dc01000fa2076ee9c2f45ac06fd","result_position":32,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":259468868,"title":"TRANSBOUNDARY RIVER BASIN EUPHRATES-TIGRIS: INTERNATIONAL LEGAL REGULATION","venue":"Russian Law Journal","year":2023,"authors":["Sangar Samad Asaad"],"abstract":"Countries all around the globe have shown a strong desire to restrict the utilization of international water channels for non-navigational uses since they are important to human civilisation. This is to avoid issues that may occur because of the usage purposes of international water bodies such as rivers and streams. This research covers a narrow scope, which is limited to legislation addressing the use of international water channels to effectively settle international water disputes, to cover the lawful use of international watercourses. It also provides an overview of transboundary water interactions in the Euphrates-Tigris River basin, followed by a discussion of key topics. From the standpoint of international law, this study discusses the connections among Turkey, Syria, and Iraq regarding their shared water, the Euphrates and the Tigris. Finally, the paper concluded that Iraq must review its entire water policy and identify its flaws, including irrigation methods, dam maintenance, and the management of water resources by international standards. Iraq's deviation from these matters constitutes a violation of the international obligations to which it is bound by international treaties, particularly the framework agreement. This study concludes that Iraq's evaluation of its internal legislation and all of its projects built on the Tigris and Euphrates rivers adds significantly to the resolution of these issues.","doi":"10.52783/rlj.v11i6s.900","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3a4a51bd4d65f19a9032dd3bbb10b247b9cf379d","result_position":33,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":53481586,"title":"Differences in resource management affects drought vulnerability across the borders between Iraq, Syria, and Turkey","venue":"","year":2017,"authors":["Lina Eklund","Darcy A Thompson"],"abstract":"This study investigates the 2007-2009 Fertile Crescent drought in the border region of Syria, Iraq and Turkey from an agricultural perspective using satellite based vegetation data combined with precipitation and land cover data. We look at the trends in vegetation productivity between 2001 and 2015, as well as the different politico-economic factors affecting land management leading up to the drought. The findings show that while the drought was severe in Syria, it was not the only country affected by this drought, nor necessarily the worst hit. The agricultural drought lasted two years in most affected areas on the Syrian and Iraqi sides, however only one year in the affected areas on the Turkish side. We find that Turkey experienced an overall improvement in land productivity between 2001 and 2015, while Syria and Iraq show a negative productivity trend. Our analysis of government initiative when it comes to resource management suggests that such policies play an important role in drought mitigation. (Less)","doi":"10.5751/ES-09179-220409","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/af4c77f3a15d2b1018200e730bcec65db51ac36c","result_position":34,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":117385869,"title":"Present Water Crises in Iraq and Its Human and Environmental Implications","venue":"","year":2018,"authors":["N. Al-Ansari","N. Adamo"],"abstract":"Iraq is facing a serious water shortage problem now, which has not been experienced before. This is because of the reduction of flow of the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers which is due to the implementation of hydrological projects within the upstream part of the catchment and climate change. Mismanagement of water resources within Iraq made the problem graver. It is believed that serious discussion with all riparian countries to reach an agreement to share the water of the two rivers and their tributaries is desperately needed. In addition, a prudent scientific strategy should be implemented and put into practice to overcome this problem in Iraq. In addition, the key positions within the Iraqi Ministry of Water Resources should be given to people having real experience in the water resources sector to ensure discreet and prudent management of the problem.","doi":"10.4236/ENG.2018.106021","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/364e87ce47b90660bfccb87dceb4d54446e2e005","result_position":35,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":249023878,"title":"Sharing transboundary waters","venue":"E3S Web of Conferences","year":2022,"authors":["Özge Türk","N. Türk"],"abstract":"Sharing the water of transboundary watercourses sometimes become a source of dispute between riparian states. A general method to share the water of transboundary watercourses has not yet been applied. This article examines existing practices, disputes, and criteria of some of the international financial institutions to propose a simple water-sharing method to allocate the water of the transboundary watercourses between riparian states. This method will help each riparian country to know how much water it will get from the transboundary water flow. So, states can plan on how to divide water between different uses and on building infrastructures on the watercourse or not. The proposed method is expected to decrease water disputes between riparian states as it clarifies the amount of water every riparian state gets from the transboundary watercourse. This article proposes a simple water-sharing method based on sharing the transboundary water quantity by 1/3 ratio for the downstream state and 2/3 for the upstream state. The method envisages compensation payments to other riparian states in different forms in case of excess water usage. As the environment needs a regular water flow, the proposed method also inquiries about some water to be released for the environment.","doi":"10.1051/e3sconf/202234603005","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f296868917ae0405b4d745f1e912f24b5deadf4d","result_position":36,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":113252395,"title":"Hydro-Politics of the Tigris and Euphrates Basins","venue":"","year":2016,"authors":["N. Al‐Ansari"],"abstract":"The supply of fresh water is essential to life, socioeconomic development, and political stability in Middle East. Turkey, Syria and Iraq are the main riparian countries in the Tigris-Euphrates basin. Turkey is the riparian hegemon for a long time due to its structural power and dominant river position. Iraq and Syria are the lower countries in the basin and for this reason they always like to ensure the quantity of water required to satisfy their requirements. The conflict between riparian countries is due to several factors. These are: population growth rate and food security, energy security, economic and technological development, political fragmentation, international water laws, water and management availability and public awareness. There have been a number of attempts to find a common ground on water issues between the main three riparian countries since 1920 but no agreement signed yet. Present situation is very bad in Syria and Iraq where thousands of people have no access to water and farmers are leaving their land because of draught. Such situation will definitely raise tension and might lead to war. To avoid this, a mediator that has the capability to bring all countries concerned to the negotiation table is required. In addition, Syria and Iraq are to adopt prudent strategic plan based on resources development theory to ensure good water management and minimum water loses.","doi":"10.4236/ENG.2016.83015","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a6d9ee98d5308a16bb45fa040ef726da4a10d216","result_position":37,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":275508767,"title":"Water Diplomacy and Non-Traditional Security","venue":"Nation State: Journal of International Studies","year":2025,"authors":["Krisman Heriamsal","R. P. Heatubun","Heyna Jekaisa","Andi Ira Tenri Adikusuma"],"abstract":"The water scarcity crisis in Iraq has become a non-traditional security issue that threatens the country's social, political and economic stability. According to international data, water scarcity is predicted to worsen by 2030, affecting more than 700 million people worldwide. Iraq, which depends on the flow of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, is experiencing a decline in water quality and quantity that is worsening agricultural conditions, increasing social tensions and causing internal migration. This article analyzes the Iraqi government's efforts to address the water crisis through diplomacy by joining the Paris Agreement and the UN Water Convention, as well as organizing the Baghdad International Water Conference. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach to explore the impact of water scarcity in Iraq and the diplomatic responses undertaken for mitigation. Although formal diplomacy has resulted in international aid and mitigation projects, climate change impacts and domestic governance issues, such as corruption, hamper the effectiveness of such efforts. This article also suggests the need for non-formal diplomacy involving non-state actors to improve the effectiveness of solving the water crisis in Iraq.","doi":"10.24076/nsjis.v7i2.1387","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8f6fef40198962b8d11f2429ee25069745d79980","result_position":38,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":128814762,"title":"Climate change impacts in the Euphrates–Tigris Basin based on different model and scenario simulations","venue":"","year":2013,"authors":["D. Bozkurt","O. Sen"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1016/J.JHYDROL.2012.12.021","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0f566af29ef6795a9ed1256d6c5a5e2745e093b4","result_position":39,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":131278330,"title":"Effects of mesopotamian marsh (iraq) desiccation on the cultural knowledge and livelihood of marsh arab women","venue":"","year":2016,"authors":["Nadia Al‐mudaffar fawzi","Kelly P. Goodwin","B. Mahdi","M. Stevens"],"abstract":"Abstract In this study, we evaluate ecological and cultural resiliency in response to desertification of the Mesopotamian Marshes of Southern Iraq. Our research illustrates that the desiccation of the marshes has caused a drastic change in how Marsh Arab women interact with their environment; specifically, in comparison to the predesiccation period, women’s roles are increasingly limited to domestic rather than marsh‐dependent activities. With the exception of raising water buffalo and limited horticulture activities, most families today have little opportunity to utilize women’s ability to generate income by applying their traditional ecological knowledge and skills. Furthermore, these women are no longer transmitting their marsh‐specific knowledge and skills to the next generation, and these valuable and ancient cultural memories are being lost. Upstream dam construction, drought, and regional climate change is depriving Marsh Arab communities of marsh ecosystem services such as potable water, water buffalo forage, fish yields, and reed production. In marsh areas, where enough water remains to sustain ecosystem services (such as in Chibayish and the Iraq Marshlands National Park), cultural knowledge has been retained and passed on to the next generations. We recommend that programs be implemented to preserve these traditional skills, to develop a market for handicrafts to support women and their families, and to support cultural knowledge. Otherwise, with the passing of the older generation, these remnants of ancient Sumerian knowledge systems and traditional ways of life will soon be forgotten.","doi":"10.1002/ehs2.1207","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/32d0881e4f491c027b9ec39f873a000b9b33f710","result_position":40,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":126990830,"title":"Water Issue Among the Riparian States of Euphrates and Tigris Transboundary Rivers","venue":"","year":2004,"authors":["I. Gurer"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1007/978-3-662-10866-6_28","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/36994147cfe917b6ef7cf2fb66c28209b5918f23","result_position":41,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":255334845,"title":"Evaluation of annual total precipitation in the transboundary Euphrates–Tigris River Basin of Türkiye using innovative graphical and statistical trend approaches","venue":"Applied Water Science","year":2022,"authors":["Meral Buyukyildiz"],"abstract":"The Euphrates–Tigris River Basin (ETRB), one of the largest river basins in the Middle East, is also among the most risky transboundary basins in the world. ETRB has a critical importance for the region both politically and economically due to its location. Evaluating the increasing regional impacts of climate change is even more important for the sustainable management of water and soil resources, especially in transboundary basins such as ETRB. Türkiye is one of the most important riparian countries of the ETRB and the Türkiye part of ETRB constitutes the headwater of the basin. In this study, the temporal variability of the annual total precipitation data for the period 1965–2020 of eighteen stations located in the Türkiye part of the ETRB was investigated. Classical Mann–Kendall (MK) test was used to statistically determine the monotonic trend of precipitation. In addition to the MK method, analyses were carried out with three innovative trend methods, which have the ability to interpret trends both statistically and graphically. These innovative trend methods are Şen innovative trend analysis (Şen-ITA), Onyutha trend test (OTT) and trend analysis with combination of Wilcoxon test and scatter diagram (CWTSD). The results obtained show that there is a decreasing trend in annual total precipitation in ETRB according to all trend methods generally used for the examined period. In addition, the results obtained from the relatively new OTT and CWTSD methods show strong consistency with the results of the other two methods. The advantages such as performing numerical and visual trend analysis with innovative OTT and CWTSD methods, identifying trends in low–medium–high value data and detecting sub-trends have shown that these methods can be used as an alternative to the widely used MK and Şen-ITA.","doi":"10.1007/s13201-022-01845-7","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/25e5fa81572f19557fae82179ff2c01d3e0aa550","result_position":42,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":156847590,"title":"Transboundary water interaction III: contest and compliance","venue":"International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics","year":2017,"authors":["M. Zeitoun","A. Cascão","J. Warner","N. Mirumachi","N. Matthews","Filippo Menga","R. Farnum"],"abstract":"This paper serves international water conflict resolution efforts by examining the ways that states contest hegemonic transboundary water arrangements. The conceptual framework of dynamic transboundary water interaction that it presents integrates theories about change and counter-hegemony to ascertain coercive, leverage, and liberating mechanisms through which contest and transformation of an arrangement occur. While the mechanisms can be active through sociopolitical processes either of compliance or of contest of the arrangement, most transboundary water interaction is found to contain elements of both. The role of power asymmetry is interpreted through classification of intervention strategies that seek to either influence or challenge the arrangements. Coexisting contest and compliance serve to explain in part the stasis on the Jordan and Ganges rivers (where the non-hegemons have in effect consented to the arrangement), as well as the changes on the Tigris and Mekong rivers, and even more rapid changes on the Amu Darya and Nile rivers (where the non-hegemons have confronted power asymmetry through influence and challenge). The framework also stresses how transboundary water events that may appear isolated are more accurately read within the many sociopolitical processes and arrangements they are shaped by. By clarifying the typically murky dynamics of interstate relations over transboundary waters, furthermore, the framework exposes a new suite of entry points for hydro-diplomatic initiatives.","doi":"10.1007/s10784-016-9325-x","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/755b3a8d6c52fbbf6944f9441cebf7bb11778d73","result_position":43,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":157067087,"title":"Asymmetric Bargaining Model for Water Resource Allocation over Transboundary Rivers","venue":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","year":2019,"authors":["Jianan Qin","Xiang Fu","Shaoming Peng","Yuni Xu","Jie Huang","Shan-Lin Huang"],"abstract":"Sustainable transboundary water governance is often challenged by conflicts between agents, which necessitates the design of cooperative and self-enforcing alternatives to facilitate equitable water distribution. The Nash bargaining approach, which originated from game theory, could offer a good mathematical framework to simulate strategic interactions among involved agents by considering individual rational benefits. Given that river-sharing problems often involve multiple self-interested agents, the asymmetric Nash bargaining solution (ANBS) could be used to describe agents’ powers, as determined by disparate social, economic, and political as well as military status, and ensure win–win strategies based on individual rationality. This paper proposed an asymmetric bargaining model by combining multi-criteria decision making, bankruptcy theory, and the ANBS for water distribution in the transboundary river context. The Euphrates River Basin (ERB) with three littoral states was used as a case study. Turkey has the highest bargaining power in ERB negotiation since it dominates in terms of economic strength, political influence, and military capacity, whereas in the two downstream countries these aspects are limited due to their internal political fragmentation and weaker military status. The water satisfaction percentages of Turkey, Syria, and Iraq under the best alternative are 96.30%, 84.23%, and 40.88%, respectively. The findings highlight the necessity for synthetically considering the agent’s disagreement utility and asymmetrical power when negotiating over water allocation.","doi":"10.3390/ijerph16101733","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9bc8037a8cc7de9a920981e8bbe1b0cde9f01128","result_position":44,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":154001311,"title":"Development and management of the Euphrates–Tigris basin","venue":"","year":2004,"authors":["Dogan Altinbilek"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1080/07900620310001635584","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7485ce6f3e69e1e673e2d20b2dc95bbaac2674af","result_position":45,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":154968372,"title":"Hydro-hegemony – a framework for analysis of trans-boundary water conflicts","venue":"","year":2006,"authors":["M. Zeitoun","J. Warner"],"abstract":"The increasing structural and physical scarcity of water across the globe calls for a deeper understanding of trans-boundary water conflicts. Conventional analysis tends to downplay the role that power asymmetry plays in creating and maintaining situations of water conflict that fall short of the violent form of war and to treat as unproblematic situations of cooperation occurring in an asymmetrical context. The conceptual Framework of Hydro-Hegemony presented herein attempts to give these two features – power and varying intensities of conflict – their respective place in the perennial and deeply political question: who gets how much water, how and why? Hydro-hegemony is hegemony at the river basin level, achieved through water resource control strategies such as resource capture, integration and containment. The strategies are executed through an array of tactics (e.g. coercion-pressure, treaties, knowledge construction, etc.) that are enabled by the exploitation of existing power asymmetries within a weak international institutional context. Political processes outside the water sector configure basin-wide hydro-political relations in a form ranging from the benefits derived from cooperation under hegemonic leadership to the inequitable aspects of domination. The outcome of the competition in terms of control over the resource is determined through the form of hydro-hegemony established, typically in favour of the most powerful actor. The Framework of Hydro-hegemony is applied to the Nile, Jordan and Tigris and Euphrates river basins, where it is found that current hydro-hegemonic configurations tend towards the dominative form.. There is evidence in each case of power asymmetries influencing an inequitable outcome – at the expense of lingering, low-intensity conflicts. It is proposed that the framework provides an analytical paradigm useful for examining the options of such powerful or hegemonized riparians and how they might move away from domination towards cooperation.","doi":"10.2166/WP.2006.054","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5903ab99be16e21e5ae84f7c7586f3516be36429","result_position":46,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":153973964,"title":"Water–energy–food nexus in a transboundary context: the Euphrates–Tigris river basin as a case study","venue":"","year":2015,"authors":["A. Kibaroglu","Sezin İba Gürsoy"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1080/02508060.2015.1078577","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ef799bb50a9920d089818c245b697ed884fb77fb","result_position":47,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":273127075,"title":"Trend Stability Assessment for Hydrological Drought in Euphrates Basin (Türkiye) Using Triple Wilcoxon Test and Innovative Trend Analysis Methods","venue":"Water","year":2024,"authors":["İbrahim Halil Demirel","E. Kesgin","Yavuz Selim Güçlü","R. Tan","B. Basaran"],"abstract":"This study investigates the stability of hydrological drought trends in the Euphrates Basin from 1960 to 2020 using three-dimensional (3D) graphical representations based on innovative trend analysis (ITA) and triple Wilcoxon test (WT) methods. Unlike traditional ITA and WT, which are widely used for trend identification but do not inherently provide trend stability information, this study employs a novel approach to assess and visualize trend stability. The Triple WT method divides the data into three equal segments, examining differences without altering the time series. Drought indices are calculated for 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month time scales using historical streamflow data from five stations. The research identifies trends and their stabilities across three distinct periods: 1967–1984, 1985–2002, and 2003–2020. Results show that as the time scale increases, trend differences between extreme drought conditions diminish. One station consistently exhibits significantly decreasing trends, while three stations show unstable trends with notable variations in the standardized streamflow index (SSFI). The use of 3D-ITA and Triple WT effectively captures the dynamics and stability of drought trends, offering a deeper understanding of hydrological drought in the Euphrates Basin. These findings provide a reference for future studies on drought trend mechanisms in various climatic regions.","doi":"10.3390/w16192823","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/793f8cd3de9e362dc60b8aa3e9fb5a63a8cad0c4","result_position":48,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":270422543,"title":"The complex system of climate change security and the ripple effect of water–food–socioeconomic nexus","venue":"Journal of Infrastructure Policy and Development","year":2024,"authors":["Sameh W. H. Al-Muqdadi","Nawrast S. Abdalwahab","Inass A. Almallah","S. F. Hussein","A. Yassin","S. Salim","Mohammed J. Alfarraji","H. Mishbak","Layth R.S. Altuma","Basima Ab-dulrahman"],"abstract":"The effects of climate change are recognized globally. This study hypothesizes that climate change impacts are a complex system that creates a ripple effect on water security, food security, and economic security. Ultimately, those domains simultaneously exacerbate climate change effects and produce national security concerns. The study’s framework uses a transdisciplinary team’s quantitative and qualitative approach to evaluate the challenges and possible solutions to climate change security on the Water–Food–Socioeconomic Nexus. Iraq has been taken as a case study highlighting the deficits in management and governance. The dynamic of the ripple effect shows the interventions for each sector’s water-food-socioeconomic and security that collectively impact upon each other over time. The radical shift in the political infrastructure after 2003 from a centralized to a decentralized one without proper preparation is one of the root causes of the governance and management anarchy. About 228 state and non-state actors are involved in decision-making, leaving it fragile and unsustainable. Only 1% of the national budget is allocated to both the Ministry of Water Resources and the Ministry of Agriculture, which leaves no capacity to mitigate the risk of climate change impact.","doi":"10.24294/jipd.v8i6.3928","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/02811fbf19bd9c80631335a9164cd7ec77afa01c","result_position":49,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":135105377,"title":"Identifying Key Water Resource Vulnerabilities in Data‐Scarce Transboundary River Basins","venue":"Water Resources Research","year":2018,"authors":["C. Rougé","A. Tilmant","B. Zaitchik","A. Dezfuli","M. Salman"],"abstract":"This paper presents a two‐step framework to identify key water resource vulnerabilities in transboundary river basins where data availability on both hydrological fluxes and the operation of man‐made facilities is either limited or nonexistent. In a first step, it combines two state‐of‐the‐art modeling tools to overcome data limitations and build a model that provides a lower bound on risks estimated in that basin. Land data assimilation (process‐based hydrological modeling taking remote‐sensed products as inputs) is needed to evaluate hydrological fluxes, that is, streamflow data and consumptive use in irrigated agriculture—a lower‐end estimate of demand. Hydroeconomic modeling provides cooperative water allocation policies that reflect the best‐case management of storage capacity under hydrological uncertainty at a monthly time step for competing uses—hydropower, irrigation. In a second step, the framework uses additional scenarios to proceed with the in‐depth analysis of the vulnerabilities identified despite the use of what is by definition a best‐case model. We implement this approach to the Tigris‐Euphrates river basin, a politically unstable region where water scarcity has been hypothesized to serve as a trigger for the Syrian revolution and ensuing war. Results suggest that even under the framework's best‐case assumptions, the Euphrates part of the basin is close to a threshold where it becomes reliant on transfers of saline water from other parts of the basin to ensure irrigation demands are met. This Tigris‐Euphrates river basin application demonstrates how the proposed framework quantifies vulnerabilities that have been hitherto discussed in a mostly qualitative, speculative way.","doi":"10.1029/2017WR021489","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/00a4035cc7d87c87524f549d1484f5c8023c09ad","result_position":50,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":10308205,"title":"Restructuring of Water Usage in the Tigris-Euphrates Basin : The Impact of Modern Water Management Policies","venue":"","year":2001,"authors":["P. Beaumont"],"abstract":null,"doi":"","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4692db57b1bd88ad329dee3ec87f42e61e5166cf","result_position":51,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":240118554,"title":"Analysis of Transforming Security Through the Water Resources and Affiliated Conflicts Between 2000 and 2019: Case of Iraq, Syria and Turkey","venue":"Siyasal: Journal of Political Sciences","year":2021,"authors":["Murat Aslan","C. Özbek"],"abstract":"1 Corresponding Author: Murat Aslan (Asst. Prof. Dr.), Hasan Kalyoncu University, Faculty of Economics, Administrative & Social Sciences, Department of Political Science and International Relations, Gaziantep, Turkey. E-mail: murat.aslan@hku. edu.tr ORCID: 0000-0002-5128-1020 2 Cumali Özbek (Doctoral Student), Hasan Kalyoncu University, Social Sciences Institute, Gaziantep, Turkey. E-mail: cumali. ozbek@yahoo.com ORCID: 0000-0003-0587-3751 To cite this article: Aslan, M., & Ozbek, C. (2021). Analysis of Transforming Security Through the Water Resources and Affiliated Conflicts Between 2000 and 2019: Case of Iraq, Syria and Turkey. SİYASAL: Journal of Political Sciences, 30(1), 109–127. http://doi.org/10.26650/siyasal.2021.30.1.862827 Abstract The aim of this study is to analyze the changing nature of water security and affiliated conflicts within the scope of security conceptualization at individual and state levels between the years 2000-2019. It was set out that water conflicts and water insecurity in Iraq, Syria and Turkey in the 20-year period after 2000 were caused by attacks to water resources and infrastructure at micro and mezzo levels, other than natural disasters such as climate change and reduced water resources. This research focuses on the water conflicts that have arisen in recent years, with some exceptions, not between states but by groups operating at regional levels. It has also been observed in recent years that terrorisminduced attacks have focused on waterways and threatens water security. The study focused on the conflicts occurring in Iraq, Syria and Turkey and the causes of these conflicts within the framework of comparative analysis method.","doi":"10.26650/siyasal.2021.30.1.862827","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/deabafd5b056230eb5600edd265bed8eb3b0478d","result_position":52,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":108881922,"title":"Turkish Waters: Source of Regional Conflict or Catalyst for Peace?","venue":"","year":2000,"authors":["G. Gruen"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1023/A:1005229419209","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6a0a664368b6daf00e18cbd4e53d4dac2936bbe6","result_position":53,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":18216457,"title":"Weighted Bankruptcy Rules and Transboundary Water Resources Allocation","venue":"Water resources management","year":2015,"authors":["H. Mianabadi","E. Mostert","S. Pande","N. C. van de Giesen"],"abstract":"One significant problem of transboundary river basins causing various challenges and disputes throughout the world is that because of increasing water resource variability and consumption, the water demand often exceeds water availability. Hence, one of the main challenges in transboundary river basin management is how to allocate the available water among the riparian states equitably and reasonably. In this study, we propose a novel weighted bankruptcy solution method to cope with the problem of demands or “claims” exceeding resources or “assets”. Certain desirable key properties of the proposed method are provided. Furthermore, we investigate its application to the Tigris River, a shared river among Turkey, Syria and Iraq, as a real case. The available water is allocated under two different situations: homogeneous and heterogeneous group. We use the Shapley Value and compare the solution with other allocation methods applied in this study. The results suggest that this new rule may facilitate negotiation in solving conflict over the allocation of water in transboundary river basins.","doi":"10.1007/s11269-015-0942-x","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fdccd6e0415ff5fdf0c7817a4d6f33bb635428a6","result_position":54,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":54996930,"title":"Developing new scenarios for water allocation negotiations: a case study ofthe Euphrates River Basin","venue":"","year":2016,"authors":["M. Jarkeh","A. Mianabadi","H. Mianabadi"],"abstract":"Abstract. Mismanagement and uneven distribution of water may lead to or increase conflict among countries. Allocation of water among trans-boundary river neighbours is a key issue in utilization of shared water resources. The bankruptcy theory is a cooperative Game Theory method which is used when the amount of demand of riparian states is larger than total available water. In this study, we survey the application of seven methods of Classical Bankruptcy Rules (CBRs) including Proportional (CBR-PRO), Adjusted Proportional (CBR-AP), Constrained Equal Awards (CBR-CEA), Constrained Equal Losses (CBR-CEL), Piniles (CBR-Piniles), Minimal Overlap (CBR-MO), Talmud (CBR-Talmud) and four Sequential Sharing Rules (SSRs) including Proportional (SSR-PRO), Constrained Equal Awards (SSR-CEA), Constrained Equal Losses (SSR-CEL) and Talmud (SSR-Talmud) methods in allocation of the Euphrates River among three riparian countries: Turkey, Syria and Iraq. However, there is not a certain documented method to find more equitable allocation rule. Therefore, in this paper, a new method is established for choosing the most appropriate allocating rule which seems to be more equitable than other allocation rules to satisfy the stakeholders. The results reveal that, based on the new propose model, the CBR-AP seems to be more equitable to allocate the Euphrates River water among Turkey, Syria and Iraq.","doi":"10.5194/PIAHS-374-9-2016","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b669fac2b1082e6a7ffe235cf7c34cc6b60b5bd6","result_position":55,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":57013041,"title":"Mapping ecoregions under climate change: a case study from the biological ‘crossroads’ of three continents, Turkey","venue":"Landscape Ecology","year":2018,"authors":["Yasemin Ergüner","J. Jeevan Kumar","F. Hoffman","H. N. Dalfes","W. Hargrove"],"abstract":"ContextBesides climate change vulnerability, most ecosystems are under threat from a history of improper land-use and conservation policies, yet there is little existing long-term ecological research infrastructure in Turkey. In regions with no ecological networks across large landscapes, ecoregion concept offers opportunities for characterizing the landscape under changing climate.ObjectivesAim is to develop contemporary and future quantitative ecoregions for Turkey based on climate model outputs, to identify climate change-sensitive areas of biodiversity and conservation significance, and to provide a framework for a comprehensive ecological observatory network design.MethodsUsing Multivariate Spatio-Temporal Clustering and climate data contemporary and projected future distributions of Turkey’s ecoregions are delineated at several division levels.ResultsTurkey’s contemporary ecoregions generally show a northward shift by the end of this century and the lengthening of the growing season across the country, especially eastward and northward. The increase in growing season length, along with the shift in precipitation seasonality and increasing growing season precipitation, shape future conditions within the climate change-sensitive areas. Apart from transboundary ecological and socioeconomic significance, these potentially vulnerable ecosystems also constitute the majority of Turkey’s biodiversity hotspots.ConclusionsOur study marks the first ‘ecoregionalization’ study for Turkey based on both contemporary and future climate scenarios. For countries like Turkey, where large-scale ecological networks have not been established, using such quantitative methodology for delineation of optimal ecoclimatic regions, and for mapping environments at risk from climate change provides an invaluable perspective for conservation planning strategies, and a framework for a comprehensive ecological observatory network design.","doi":"10.1007/s10980-018-0743-8","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/01dc06a5156ca841d83293db41cf7227bb61920a","result_position":56,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":241414507,"title":"Relationships of Syria and Turkey in the Sphere of Water Resources","venue":"Post-Soviet Issues","year":2019,"authors":["Roda Hourie"],"abstract":"This article focuses on the relationship of Syria and Turkey in the field of water resources. The author studies the chronology of the development of relations between Syria andTurkey on the stated issues, historical background and causes of conflict situations. The positionsof Syria, Turkey and Iraq on the current controversial situations related to the use of shared water resources are analyzed. The author focuses on the vital importance of water resources for theeconomy and national security of Syria. The role of regional integration associations in resolvingconflict situations on the stated issues is revealed.","doi":"10.24975/2313-8920-2019-6-2-203-212","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/16160715d357ec8a339297d1b874dbea364f7c4e","result_position":57,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":132588647,"title":"Analysis of the situation of the Euphrates-Tigris-Shatt Al Arab river system and possible solutions of the devastation of the ecosystem","venue":"","year":2016,"authors":["Matija Kordić","Milutin Milanković"],"abstract":"International waters are the most problematic area of water management because there comes to a collision of rights between the riparian’s, and the most complicated is the problem of trans-boundary rivers. The Euphrates-Tigris-Shatt Al Arab river system is the largest water resource in the Western Asia with a topographic catchment of more than 900,000 km 2 from the Taurus-Zagros Mountain Range to the Persian Gulf and is populated by around 54 million people. The riparian’s: Turkey, Syria and Iraq have different views on the resources of these rivers. Turkey doesn’t agree with the term “sharing waters”. They see it as inadequate. For them the Euphrates is a trans-boundary river that is under theirs sovereignty as long as it is within its territory. Iraq and Syria view it as an “international river” that should be treated as a shared entity. According to Turkey the Euphrates and Tigris form a single water basin, but Iraq and Syria consider them as two separate basins (UN-ESCWA and BGR, 2013). Turkey says that in order to reach an allocation, negotiations should include all available water resources, but Syria and Iraq disagree. On the 1997 UN Convention on the Law of Non-navigational Use of International Watercourses Turkey was the only Euphrates Basin country that voted against. If they had signed, that could give riparian’s a veto right over their developments plans. In 1987 Damask and Ankara signed a protocol which guaranteed Syria 500 m 3 /s of flow on the Euphrates River, which was not respected during the filling of Ataturk Dam in 1990. The flow of the river has been cut in half by 2010 on the border with Syria and by 2/3 for Iraq since the development of the GAP project. In 1977 Turkey initiated the Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP in original) to harness the water of the Tigris and the Euphrates for energy and agricultural production thus providing an economic boost to south-eastern Anatolia by creating 4 million new jobs. The project covers an area of 74,000 km 2 and is populated by around 7 million people. When completed, there will be 22 dams and 19 hydroelectric power plants on these Rivers. The plan is to produce 27,367 GWh of hydroelectric energy per year and to double irrigable farmland to 1.8 million ha (UN-ESCWA and BGR, 2013). Today almost half of GAP has been fulfilled. This led to increase in salinity and serious changes of the ecosystem and river flow regimes. This caused a discord from the riparian’s, NGOs and activists worldwide. International experts think that GAP when finished is going to consume more than 50% of the Euphrates and about 14% of the Tigris. To show this two periods have been selected. First period is from 1938-1974 and it represents the natural flow of the Euphrates River before the construction of the Keban Dam in Turkey and Lake Assad in Syria and the second is from 1974-1998 as the first phase of the evolving infrastructure on the Euphrates basin. The average flow was measured in Jarablat (Syria) and for the first period is around 950 m 3 /s and for the second around 800 m 3 /s, than Hit (Iraq) decreased from 970 m 3 /s to 720 m 3 /s and Hindijah (Iraq) from 630 m 3 /s to 470 m 3 /s. We can see a pattern and a decrease in flow of around 150 m 3 /s. Of course, regulation of the Euphrates can protect downstream countries from floods and droughts. The effects of water pollution are mostly visible downstream in Syria because Turkey diverts water from the main course of the Euphrates at Lake Ataturk. The water goes through the Urfa tunnels to the Urfa-Harran agricultural area in the upper Jallab/Balikh and Khabour sub-basins. The return flows from irrigation are large in quantity but poor in quality and they enter Syria mostly through the Jallab River near Tell Abyad and enter the Euphrates through the Balikh River around 200 km from the Syrian-Turkey border. This shows us why the Euphrates water quality has remained almost unaffected by the agricultural development in Turkey on the Syrian-Turkey border. There should come to a conjoined look from the riparian’s on the rights of the ecosystem and the serious damage that is being done to it, for the sake of the greater good and the legal obligations of the riparian’s between themselves. This is extremely difficult especially now with the rising political problems between Turkey and Syria. International experts in all fields relevant to this problem should meet and discuss this problem and enforce laws that will stick and solve the problem and save this fragile ecosystem. The most important thing should be the environment but we should not look the other way for the needs of the riparian’s and their development too. So very important would be the research and potential of all available resources and their combined usage. There should be a good monitoring network of the underground and surface waters and calculation of the regime, balance and reserves and the amounts of water the riparian’s need, then determining the connection of overall water flow because of the circulation of pollution. Then, there should be an assessment of geothermal potential of the area and its possible usage considering the North and East Anatolian Fault Zone. For example for the producing of electricity we could use the solar or geothermal energy, the energy of the wind and the energy of biomass and use as many of them individually or together. For irrigation where there are underground waters we could use a variety of methods, such as „AGRONET“ or drip irrigation technique to decrease the usage of surface waters and their pollution. We could even use the polluted waters to produce energy by constructing a hydroelectric power plant in the area where polluted waters are flowing and after or in it there could also be a water treatment plant. Polluted waters should be monitored and diverted into one water course which should be regulated by a hydro-isolator securing the ground beneath and on the sides of this new course.","doi":"10.7494/GEOL.2016.42.1.83","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/11b2ff07011cdbf021860fde052ac671a0b8aad0","result_position":58,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":132100944,"title":"COULD WATER CO-MANAGEMENT CONTRIBUTE TO PEACE, IN MIDDLE EAST?","venue":"","year":2017,"authors":["B. Christaras"],"abstract":"Water is the most precious resource in the Middle East, more important even than oil, given that while the citizens represent the 5% of the total world population, the Middle East & North Africa (MENA) region contains only 0.9% of global water resources (World Bank, 1996, Allan, 1999). For this reason, almost all conflicts, in Middle East, are mainly related to shared-water resources. Historically, water was very often used as military tool or for religious purposes, Conflicts, for water management, were known from ancient years, till to the recent time. But also in our days, by 2010, the water deficit (difference between water supply and demand) is estimated to be at around 1 billion cubic meters, explaining the importance of the water to the joint futures of Palestinians, Jordanians, and Israelis. For managing the water demand, various projects were proposed or already performed related to deep aquifers pumping, brackish-groundwater reverse-osmosis desalination, sea water desalinization, water transfer using canal or pipeline systems and dam construction. Nevertheless, it is important to understand that Peace can be possible in Middle East only if a rational and fair co-management of water resources could be real.","doi":"10.12681/BGSG.11351","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/44719de5c1d9eb57b2381dec60452d316561b044","result_position":59,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":56017269,"title":"Water Shortage in MENA Region: An Interdisciplinary Overview and a Suite of Practical Solutions","venue":"","year":2013,"authors":["Anas Zyadin"],"abstract":"The chronic water shortage in the Middle East North Africa (MENA) region is a perplexing issue, undoubtedly because various operational sectors, multi-institutions and stakeholders are inextricably interconnected. In the light of climate variability and the unprecedented population growth rate, the per capita water resources and biocapacity will continue plummeting, and the demand-gap will seriously expand. Existing water quantification agreements have been deemed inefficient to solve the problem of naturally diminishing water resources and thus require immediate re-assembling. Most scholarly endeavors, including key international organizations, NGOs, and “Think Tank” policy briefs have limitedly addressed water shortage in contexts of regional politics, mass media, and, importantly, from social psychology perspectives. Therefore, a thorough analysis and interdisciplinary approach is required to find a feasible and suitable framework of solutions and from a multi-perspective podium. A synthesis of cross-sectorial bottlenecks that are crucial to water management is presented, and a suite of practical recommendations are introduced to water authorities and governments. This study argues that in the shadow of the region’s political instability, the clash of ideologies and its repercussions, and issues of national security and sovereignty, regional cooperation on water issues remain prognostications. In this essence, governments of MENA countries are urged to develop measures to substantially increase the water supply through innovative approaches. Such measures include enhancing the capacities of water harvesting, maximizing the storage capacities of the built dams, and deploying groundwater recharge techniques. Furthermore, seawater and brackish water desalination through clean energy technologies is a contemporary solution with socio-economic and multiple benefits. Multi-billion water projects might not be suitable approach in the absence of external funding and the aforementioned hurdles. Further research is required to address the social economics, and environmental aspects of desalination and the socio-economic feasibility of privatizing drinking water utilities and price polarization.","doi":"10.4236/JWARP.2013.54A008","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0b8e2ab951cfb134c36f99c41bf29145e1ab9373","result_position":60,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":130096942,"title":"Toward Prudent management of Water Resources in Iraq","venue":"","year":2011,"authors":["N. Al‐Ansari","S. Knutsson"],"abstract":null,"doi":"","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/92b56f1589a5a9c63af30c29c14ccae052aa47ef","result_position":61,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":55928733,"title":"Expected Future of Water Resources within Tigris-Euphrates Rivers Basin, Iraq","venue":"","year":2014,"authors":["Issa E. Issa","N. Al‐Ansari","G. Sherwany","S. Knutsson"],"abstract":"Iraq is one of the riparian countries within basins of Tigris-Euphrates Rivers in the Middle East region. The region is currently facing water shortage problems due to the increase of the demand and climate changes. In the present study, average monthly water flow measurements for 15 stream flow gaging stations within basins of these rivers in Iraq with population growth rate data in some of its part were used to evaluate the reality of the current situation and future challenges of water availability and demand in Iraq. The results showed that Iraq receives annually 70.92 km3 of water 45.4 and 25.52 km3 from River Tigris and Euphrates respectively. An amount of 18.04 km3 of the Tigris water comes from Turkey while 27.36 km3 is supplied by its tributaries inside Iraq. The whole amount of water in the Euphrates Rivers comes outside the Iraqi borders. Annual decrease of the water inflow is 0.1335 km3∙year−1 for Tigris and 0.245 km3∙year−1 for Euphrates. This implies that the annual percentage reduction of inflow rates for the two rivers is 0.294% and 0.960%, respectively. Iraq consumes annually 88.89% (63.05 km 3 ) of incoming water from the two rivers, where about 60.43% and 39.57% are from Rivers Tigris and Euphrates respectively. Water demand increases annually by 1.002 km 3 , of which 0.5271 km 3 and 0.475 km 3 are within Tigris and Euphrates basins respectively. The average water demand in 2020 will increase to 42.844 km 3 ∙year −1 for Tigris basin and for Euphrates 29.225 km 3 ∙year −1 (total 72.069 km 3 ∙year −1 ), while water availability will decrease to 63.46 km 3 ∙year −1 . This means that the overall water shortage will be restricted to 8.61 km 3 .","doi":"10.4236/JWARP.2014.65042","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f04f9b983025ad427cd377d5e36b1a9d661dff29","result_position":62,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":210636504,"title":"Geopolitics of the Tigris and Euphrates Basins","venue":"","year":2018,"authors":["N. Al-Ansari","N. Adamo","S. Knutsson","J. Laue"],"abstract":null,"doi":"","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1bb6a956b4655516b6314e77cd4ff93e31b7530d","result_position":63,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":54820615,"title":"Trends and future challenges of water resources in the Tigris–Euphrates Rivers basin in Iraq","venue":"","year":2013,"authors":["Issa E. Issa","N. Al‐Ansari","G. Sherwany","S. Knutsson"],"abstract":"Abstract. Iraq is one of the riparian countries within basins of Tigris–Euphrates Rivers in the Middle East region. The region is currently facing water shortage problems due to the increase of the demand and climate changes. In the present study, average monthly water flow measurements for 15 stream flow gaging stations within basins of these rivers in Iraq with population growth rate data in some of its part were used to evaluate the reality of the current situation and future challenges of water availability and demand in Iraq. The results showed that Iraq receives annually 70.29 km3 of water 45.4 and 25.52 km3 from River Tigris and Euphrates respectively. An amount of 18.04 km3 is supplied by its tributaries inside Iraq. The whole amount of water in the Euphrates Rivers comes outside the Iraqi borders. Annual decrease of the water inflow is 0.1335 km3 yr−1 for Tigris and 0.245 km3 yr−1 for Euphrates. This implies the annual percentage reduction of inflow rates for the two rivers is 0.294 and 0.960% respectively. Iraq consumes annually 88.89% (63.05 km3) of incoming water from the two rivers, where about 60.43 and 39.57% are from Rivers Tigris and Euphrates respectively. Water demand increases annually by 0.896 km3; of which 0.5271 and 0.475 km3 within Tigris and Euphrates basins respectively. The average water demand in 2020 will increase to 42.844 km3 yr−1 for Tigris basin and for Euphrates 29.225 km3 yr−1 (total 72.069 km3 yr−1), while water availability will decrease to 63.46 km3 yr−1. This means that the overall water shortage will be restricted to 8.61 km3.","doi":"10.5194/HESSD-10-14617-2013","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c08a6bfb990c2313b5f7a6d616bf67a54d2f38cf","result_position":64,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":128757023,"title":"The status of transboundary rivers in Turkey","venue":"Water Resources","year":2014,"authors":["M. Kankal","Ergun Uzlu"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1134/S0097807814060098","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b34cf95c6ae1b4362fec933520c4fa369a1a3552","result_position":65,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":251539816,"title":"High-resolution surface water dynamics in Earth’s small and medium-sized reservoirs","venue":"Scientific Reports","year":2022,"authors":["G. Donchyts","H. Winsemius","F. Baart","R. Dahm","J. Schellekens","N. Gorelick","C. Iceland","S. Schmeier"],"abstract":"Small and medium-sized reservoirs play an important role in water systems that need to cope with climate variability and various other man-made and natural challenges. Although reservoirs and dams are criticized for their negative social and environmental impacts by reducing natural flow variability and obstructing river connections, they are also recognized as important for social and economic development and climate change adaptation. Multiple studies map large dams and analyze the dynamics of water stored in the reservoirs behind these dams, but very few studies focus on small and medium-sized reservoirs on a global scale. In this research, we use multi-annual multi-sensor satellite data, combined with cloud analytics, to monitor the state of small (10–100 ha) to medium-sized (> 100 ha, excluding 479 large ones) artificial water reservoirs globally for the first time. These reservoirs are of crucial importance to the well-being of many societies, but regular monitoring records of their water dynamics are mostly missing. We combine the results of multiple studies to identify 71,208 small to medium-sized reservoirs, followed by reconstructing surface water area changes from satellite data using a novel method introduced in this study. The dataset is validated using 768 daily in-situ water level and storage measurements (r2 > 0.7 for 67% of the reservoirs used for the validation) demonstrating that the surface water area dynamics can be used as a proxy for water storage dynamics in many cases. Our analysis shows that for small reservoirs, the inter-annual and intra-annual variability is much higher than for medium-sized reservoirs worldwide. This implies that the communities reliant on small reservoirs are more vulnerable to climate extremes, both short-term (within seasons) and longer-term (across seasons). Our findings show that the long-term inter-annual and intra-annual changes in these reservoirs are not equally distributed geographically. Through several cases, we demonstrate that this technology can help monitor water scarcity conditions and emerging food insecurity, and facilitate transboundary cooperation. It has the potential to provide operational information on conditions in ungauged or upstream riparian countries that do not share such data with neighboring countries. This may help to create a more level playing field in water resource information globally.","doi":"10.1038/s41598-022-17074-6","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c34098fbf4218cef5676ec32f44fce2e6b71c51a","result_position":66,"is_clicked":false}],"string":"[\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 265391546,\n \"title\": \"IMPORTANCE OF WATER RESOURCES IN THE MIDDLE EASTERN POLITICS\",\n \"venue\": \"Pakistan journal of international affairs\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Prof. Dr. Sayeda Daud\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Water is the lifeblood of all human and natural systems. Although most regions of the world have abundant water resources, availability of drinking water is inadequate in many parts of the world. Current and projected water shortages are nowhere as acute as in the arid countries of the Middle East. While battles have been fought over water allocation in many countries, the greatest potential for a conflict over water is perhaps in the Middle East, where water resources are limited and political tension is high. Water is just one of the issues that may widen the gulf between countries. Cooperation to solve water problems is possible, though difficult. Indeed, joint action on water has the potential to lead to even greater co-operation in the wider political arena. Mutually beneficial, “win – win” solutions are preferable to conflict or stalemate. Conversely, arrangements not arrived at to fairly allocate one of life’s most important necessities can only perpetuate conflict. The most pressing environmental problem in the Middle East concerns the ownership, management and useof scarce water resources. Water has frequently been the cause of regional conflicts. Much of the struggle between Israel and its Arab neighbours revolves around the water issues. Indeed, the history of relationship between Israel, Syria, and Jordan for the past 50 years can be viewed as a fight for water. A long-term settlement between Israel and its neighbours will depend as much on the fair allocation of water as of land. Nearby, Egypt fears an appropriation of the Niles waters, on which 60 million of its people are entirely dependent, by the upstream countries of Sudan and Ethiopia. Water problem is linked with other problems of the Middle East. The dispute between Iranand Iraq over Shatt-al-Arab, for example, has its origins in boundary conflicts that go back in history. Arguments between Turkey and Syria over water from the River Euphrates are often linked to Syrian support to the Marxist Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) that seeks independence for the Turkish Kurdistan region. Iraqi-Syrian water disagreements have both masked and resulted from military and political ambitions.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.52337/pjia.v6i3.910\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ba836e831086786c6453e0ed18f1380a9d1f9ed0\",\n \"result_position\": 0,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 127036125,\n \"title\": \"Summary and Results: Facing Global Environmental Change and Sectorialization of Security\",\n \"venue\": \"Facing Global Environmental Change\",\n \"year\": 2009,\n \"authors\": [\n \"H. Brauch\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The previous 99 chapters contain diverse theoretical and conceptual approaches and empirical results that are briefly summarized below following the ten parts of the book.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/978-3-540-68488-6_100\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/064ab617550f01fe92a63ff2d2b5a2b9654a6fb0\",\n \"result_position\": 1,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 158239191,\n \"title\": \"State-of-the-art review of transboundary water governance in the Euphrates–Tigris river basin\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Kibaroglu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/07900627.2017.1408458\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c3f90252106c53797ccc99f6dceb03dba15b62bf\",\n \"result_position\": 2,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 267144198,\n \"title\": \"Tigris, Euphrates, and Shatt Al-Arab River System: Historic and Modern Attempts to Manage and Restore Iraq’s Lifeline\",\n \"venue\": \"Open Journal of Soil Science\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"K. R. Olson\",\n \"David R. Speidel\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \".\",\n \"doi\": \"10.4236/ojss.2024.141003\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/53fb1ea09792d807757447cf13094ae1cea81ac5\",\n \"result_position\": 3,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 37988758,\n \"title\": \"Dispute over Water Resource Management—Iraq and Turkey\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Sameh W. H. Al-Muqdadi\",\n \"Mohammed Omer\",\n \"Rudy K. Abo\",\n \"A. Naghshineh\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"As a downstream region, Iraq was ranked among the richest Middle Eastern countries with regards to water resources. The world witnessed the emergence of a magnificent ancient civilization that largely relied on agriculture with extraordinary irrigation systems. However, during the last decade, Iraq began to suffer dramatically from inadequate water shares, desertification, and several other environmental issues due to the absence of proper resource management and, not least, various political conflicts. Numerous global water wars, particularly ones involving developing countries, reflect the importance of water shares and potential demand for water. Iraq, Turkey, and Syria, riparian watercourse countries, have engaged in a long-term water dispute that continues to yield no end through mutual agreement. This present work highlights the major events of this dispute, evaluates the causes and current water challenges, and provides a comprehensive solution through the establishment of the Iraqi Water Security Council.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.4236/JEP.2016.78098\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7015779747f0d04593daf864a7e7a4509ed36ce0\",\n \"result_position\": 4,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 244551232,\n \"title\": \"Development of a dynamics-based model for analyzing strategic water–environmental conflicts: systems thinking instead of linear thinking\",\n \"venue\": \"Water Policy\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Mohsen Shahbaznezhadfard\",\n \"S. Yousefi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"\\n A new evolvement in graph model for conflict resolution (GMCR), a robust methodology for conflict resolution, is presented in this research effort to incorporate the systems thinking concept into the conventional paradigm of GMCR so that the dynamic nature of water–environmental conflicts can be modeled, and better outcomes obtained. To achieve this objective, a methodology is developed in three phases: static, dynamic, and outcome-based analyses. To develop the methodology, the Tigris–Euphrates basin conflict in the Middle East over the past 30 years, as a real-life case study, is used to show the robustness and capabilities of the proposed approach. Finally, a sustainable resolution to the current conflict is proposed, and the results are discussed. The proposed methodology benefits from improving the existing and often static-based conflict resolution developments by considering the dynamic nature so that the true root causes of complex conflicts are addressed, better strategic insights achieved, and comprehensive resolution provided.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.2166/wp.2021.145\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4d3791938fd04c0b55a0d248c87db79885abef0a\",\n \"result_position\": 5,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 244507188,\n \"title\": \"Water: A Major Stake of Conflicts in the Twenty-First Century\",\n \"venue\": \"Open Journal of Social Sciences\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"B. Makengo\",\n \"Joseph Mimbale Molanga\",\n \"Jean-Marie Mbutamuntu\",\n \"Patience Kamanda Londo\",\n \"Théo-Macaire Kaminar Nsiy\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The need to ensure freshwater security remains sacrosanct to the survival and security of humanity. While various studies on water security continue to draw the world’s attention to future threats and risks against humanity’s better survival and security—following the current management of our various waterways. It is in this light that this paper proposes to explain why access to water may well be a major stake of conflicts in this 21st century. After debate and discussion, the results that emerge from this paper show that the multiplication of threats arising from climate change, which continues to worsen in this century, coupled with the hybrid policies and activities of various actors at stake, and combined with the singular characteristics of water—including, notably, a resource that guarantees our existence, a scarce resource, an unevenly distributed resource, and a resource that is shared among several states, nationalities and social categories—emerge two fundamental implications. The first is that of the great need for cooperation between riparian states, nationalities and various social categories; and the second is that exhi-bits the great likelihood of conflicts between them—to the competing uses of the shared water resource and the conquering spirits of one another. By using a few cases of bellicose rhetoric on the Tigris-Euphrates, Jordan, Indus, Syr-Daria, Nile, Congo, Colorado and Rio Grande watersheds, this paper makes a bitter observation of the predominant tendency of the second implication—the conflictual one—over the first—the cooperative one—in this twenty-first century that ostensibly denotes that water should be taken seriously as\",\n \"doi\": \"10.4236/jss.2021.911011\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0b377c8dccc52e3732fd51b3d401f38ca3ce9314\",\n \"result_position\": 6,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 145486491,\n \"title\": \"Asymmetric Power: Negotiating Water in the Euphrates and Tigris\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2009,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Marwa Daoudy\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1163/157180609X432860\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6d4c88016337c3c5193871a90ea435aed063504a\",\n \"result_position\": 7,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 62882459,\n \"title\": \"The struggle over Turkey’s Ilısu Dam: domestic and international security linkages\",\n \"venue\": \"International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics\",\n \"year\": 2012,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Warner\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"While on the surface the Turkish state appears to have asymmetrical power vis-à-vis downstreamers and local societal opponents, and therefore, the ability to shape basin politics, domestic, basin and international protest over the ‘securitised’ Ilısu Dam in Turkey proved more decisive in that respect. A cornerstone of the GAP (Güneydoğu Anadolu Projesi, Southeast Anatolia Project) multi-dam project to harness the water from the Euphrates and Tigris, the dam project elicited successful resistance from Turkey’s downstream neighbours, social and environmental NGOs and professionals targeting the international donors and contractors. On the basis of document research and interviews, this article investigates which factors opened up the space for politicising the project, and how this politicisation played out in both the domestic and international domain. The link between the securitised (where water is almost by default a security issue) and non-securitised spheres of hydropolitical decision-making (where it is not) proved crucial to the success of the anti-dam opposition.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s10784-012-9178-x\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/77416becbf516cef1eda779b273d155a047703f1\",\n \"result_position\": 8,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 140360179,\n \"title\": \"An Institutional Framework for Facilitating Cooperation in the Euphrates-Tigris River Basin\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2000,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ünver\",\n \"Kibaroglu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1163/15718060020848785\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f84392e982d15cc72f991e463f261bbe8c76139e\",\n \"result_position\": 9,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 204272010,\n \"title\": \"Developing Strategy for Water Conflict Management and Transformation at Euphrates–Tigris Basin\",\n \"venue\": \"Water\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Sameh W. H. Al-Muqdadi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Developing water technology and management systems is not sufficient to cope with the water shortage, where political decisions might be considered as a critical element in this context. The Euphrates–Tigris basin has been suffering for decades from political instability and mismanagement. The tension over the water allocation that was on the negotiating table since the 1960s ended with no substantial agreement between the riparian countries (Iraq, Turkey and Syria). The objective is to evaluate the impact of the political dimension by creating a conceptual model for the hydropolitical cycle, addressing the importance of the negotiation concepts to reach an agreement; the research also aims to develop a strategy that might support the transformation from conflict to collaboration. The approaches of situation map and systems thinking have been implemented to build the model. The tools of negotiation skills have been adopted to assist the water conflict. The results describe the challenges within different levels and demonstrating the hydropolitical cycle and adding a sustain toolkit to the theory of water conflict and transformation management. Moreover, the paper produces the structure and workflow of establishing the Global Water Security Council.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/w11102037\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3fc0507866e23b06e03c2f8f4a7e588ba541ee99\",\n \"result_position\": 10,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 168076722,\n \"title\": \"Benefit-sharing as a tool of conflict transformation: applying the Inter-SEDE model to the Euphrates and Tigris river basins\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2007,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Marwa Daoudy\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The concept of benefit-sharing, as employed in the Inter-SEDE model, analyzes potential security, economic development, and environmental-related benefits to sharing the waters of the Euphrates and Tigris river basins. The article finds that Iraq scores fairly high on security and economics-related indicators, revealing the country’s vulnerable downstream position. Syria’s security score highlights this actor’s vulnerable position as the mid-stream riparian. Turkey is favorably differentiated on some of the economic indicators. To enhance the potential for spill-over between water cooperation and conflict prevention, durable and peaceful relations among riparian states require that water-related benefits be shared.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.15355/EPSJ.2.2.26\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a4c14106413d655a71acc40684268a1396b332b4\",\n \"result_position\": 11,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 133785014,\n \"title\": \"Review: \\\"Negotiating International Water Rights: Resource Conflict in Turkey, Syria and Iraq\\\" by Müşerref Yetim\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Louis Proyect\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"A review of Negotiating International Water Rights: Resource Conflict in Turkey, Syria and Iraq by Müşerref Yetim (2016).\",\n \"doi\": \"10.25148/CRCP.5.1.001674\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0ea606d0a9e709bc91e605cb5a72dd5aad7d63b4\",\n \"result_position\": 12,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 152906886,\n \"title\": \"Syria and Turkey in Water Diplomacy (1962–2003)\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2004,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Marwa Daoudy\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/978-3-662-10866-6_27\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/aa9f3e9ac9120d78952c7a72c03534fc15cb7f90\",\n \"result_position\": 13,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 129653702,\n \"title\": \"An analysis of the causes of water crisis in the Euphrates-Tigris river basin\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences\",\n \"year\": 2014,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Kibaroglu\",\n \"Tugba Evrim Maden\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s13412-014-0185-9\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e8dff9d74cb7e9cdfdb3f908dd88bf16918bd6d7\",\n \"result_position\": 14,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 253241684,\n \"title\": \"The Spiral of Escalating Water Conflict: The Theory of Hydro-Politics\",\n \"venue\": \"Water\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Sameh W. H. Al-Muqdadi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Using water to enforce a political agenda is a global concern for peacebuilding. Hence, understanding hydro-politics is essential when predicting possible water-based conflict scenarios between riparian countries. A structured theory covering most of the possible events involved in hydro-politics would help assess with a sufficient understanding the reasons and consequences of water conflict. This study proposed a comprehensive theory of hydro-politics, particularly those related to water impoundment and water control through upstream country dams, to identify the root causes of water conflicts between riparian states and the factors of global challenges that arise in conflicts. The framework used eight phases elaborated on the key theories of international relations and demonstrated the possible connection between water conflict/cooperation events and the adopted international relations doctrine at the state level. Each phase illustrates the hydro-political relations between the riparian countries, expected level of conflict, power balance, and possible consequences. Additionally, 21 international case studies were used to illustrate these phases. The theory may assist decision makers in analyzing collective risk and alleviating any expected negative implications of water conflicts.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/w14213466\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d5c1d5acc7bb7e9b3c4c92ae9ac04ae3bb7c0e85\",\n \"result_position\": 15,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 234879722,\n \"title\": \"Water Conflicts: From Ancient to Modern Times and in the Future\",\n \"venue\": \"Sustainability\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Angelakis\",\n \"M. Valipour\",\n \"Abdelkader T. Ahmed\",\n \"V. A. Tzanakakis\",\n \"N. Paranychianakis\",\n \"J. Krasilnikoff\",\n \"R. Drusiani\",\n \"L. Mays\",\n \"F. Gohary\",\n \"Demetris Koutsoyiannis\",\n \"Saifullah Khan\",\n \"Luigi Joseph Del Giacco\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Since prehistoric times, water conflicts have occurred as a result of a wide range of tensions and/or violence, which have rarely taken the form of traditional warfare waged over water resources alone. Instead, water has historically been a (re)source of tension and a factor in conflicts that start for other reasons. In some cases, water was used directly as a weapon through its ability to cause damage through deprivation or erosion or water resources of enemy populations and their armies. However, water conflicts, both past and present, arise for several reasons; including territorial disputes, fight for resources, and strategic advantage. The main reasons of water conflicts are usually delimitation of boundaries, waterlogging (e.g., dams and lakes), diversion of rivers flow, running water, food, and political distresses. In recent decades, the number of human casualties caused by water conflicts is more than that of natural disasters, indicating the importance of emerging trends on water wars in the world. This paper presents arguments, fights, discourses, and conflicts around water from ancient times to the present. This diachronic survey attempts to provide water governance alternatives for the current and future.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/SU13084237\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7a21dcc15471e778620f61a9c117ded9787d6c55\",\n \"result_position\": 16,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 246309444,\n \"title\": \"Compound Effects of Climate Change on Future Transboundary Water Issues in the Middle East\",\n \"venue\": \"Earth's Future\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Dezfuli\",\n \"S. Razavi\",\n \"B. Zaitchik\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The Middle East is one of the world's most vulnerable areas to climate change, which has exacerbated environmental, agricultural, water conflict, and public health issues in the region. Here we analyze the latest climate model projections of precipitation and temperature for the very high emissions scenario, SSP5‐8.5, to detect potential future changes in this region. A baseline period (1981–2010) is compared with the middle (2040–2069) and end (2070–2099) of the 21st century. The results, representing the worst‐case scenario, identify the Tigris‐Euphrates headwaters as the hotspot of future compounding effects of climate change in the Middle East. Those effects result from the coincidence of elevated temperature, reduced precipitation, and enhanced interannual variability of precipitation. The hotspot overlays the location of the Southeastern Anatolia Project (in Turkish, Güneydoğu Anadolu Projesi [GAP]) irrigation initiative. In this climate context, risks to GAP viability and downstream water security, and associated potential for water‐related conflicts and migration are considerable and demand a reconsideration of the risk‐benefit assessment of GAP. This need has become more urgent after the recent widespread and deadly climate‐related conflicts and wildfires in summer 2021 across the Middle East that further underlined vulnerability of the region to climate extremes.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1029/2022EF002683\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fb6b9b972a652feef9227b1efb2c9c0d484da2fb\",\n \"result_position\": 17,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 213299003,\n \"title\": \"Water as a Weapon of War in the Tigris-Euphrates Basin\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Krzymowski\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The paper aims to present water as a weapon of war in the Tigris-Euphrates Basin, as well as the role and significance of water for a new architecture of global security. The main goal of the study is to find an answer to the research question of whether water the Tigris-Euphrates Basin will be still a tool for fighting or cooperation as an effective tool for facing strategic challenges. The research hypothesis is that the issue of challenges related to water in the Euphrates River basin will, first of all, follow the social and political-economic relations between Turkey, Iraq and Syria and external factors. The research was conducted using a descriptive-analytical method. Moreover, this research is based on the neorealist theory of international relations, and the concept of international constellation analysis, as well as the theory of neo-institutionalism. Future anarchical global security architecture will lead to a hegemonic system of water relations. Therefore, without international coordination and far-reaching strategy in the face of the emerging anarchic global security structure, stable water cooperation in this region cannot be reached.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.14746/ps.2019.1.20\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c932c7588fa5055042ca9a0e0338299057e959b8\",\n \"result_position\": 18,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 197559696,\n \"title\": \"Hydro Geopolitics of the Tigris and Euphrates\",\n \"venue\": \"Springer Proceedings in Earth and Environmental Sciences\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"N. Al‐Ansari\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/978-3-030-18641-8_4\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/145a295f0055aa50b01710380d46468e6d913343\",\n \"result_position\": 19,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 241010594,\n \"title\": \"Exploring the challenges and opportunities in the Water, Energy, Food nexus for Arid Region\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Sameh W. H. Al-Muqdadi\",\n \"Ali Khalaifawi\",\n \"B. Abdulrahman\",\n \"Faisal Aziz Kittana\",\n \"Khalid Zaki Alwadi\",\n \"M. Abdulkhaleq\",\n \"Saif Salwan Al Saffar\",\n \"Shahda Mazin Al Taie\",\n \"Sheelaz Merza\",\n \"Reem Al Dahmani\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Water, Energy, and Food sectors are interlinked in a nexus wherein actions relevant to one sector can often influence other sectors to a high degree. Globally, there has been a growing focus on ensuring water, energy, and food security in different kinds of frameworks and models. The current research aims to describe the complex interlinks between the three sectors by evaluating the challenges and opportunities in the following domains: policy, management, and technology. The hypothesis is to provide a basic practice framework to secure better outreach to tackle the interlinks and mismatches within the nexus elements. The methods used a dynamic framework through a transdisciplinary team; the team divided the nexus into six sub-sectors and collecting the primary data through fieldwork interviewing 22 stakeholders and secondary data of 211 literature. The approach of complex adaptive systems and evolving mental models have been used to analyse and develop the framework. The results show that interlinks within the water, energy, and food nexus are quite challenging to be identified since each region has different needs. However, the customized framework covered the gaps holistically, which can be used as a fundamental practice guideline. The study also proposed practical solutions and highlighting the opportunities to secure the future of sustainable development goals.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.13044/j.sdewes.d8.0355\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d2bf53d68a10555273d7deec4136edfb97dbe9cc\",\n \"result_position\": 20,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 109931858,\n \"title\": \"Between Emulation and Assemblage: Analysing WFD Policy Transfer Outcomes in Turkey\",\n \"venue\": \"Water\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Burçin Demirbilek\",\n \"D. Benson\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Turkey’s protracted European Union (EU) accession process has resulted in the transfer of environmental policy, primarily the water acquis. Despite a recent reversal in accession negotiations, this process is continuing and has thereby resulted in the active Europeanisation of Turkish water policy. However, the resultant pattern of Europeanisation remains poorly understood with questions arising as to whether policy transfer is leading to significant convergence with EU policy, or if a uniquely Turkish hybrid system of water governance is emerging. The paper therefore provides an analysis of transfer outcomes from the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD), using eight core institutional features: identification of river basins; transboundary cooperation; environmental objectives setting; characterisation of river basins; monitoring; cost recovery and water pricing; river basin management planning; and public participation. While analysis of legal frameworks and their implementation shows many areas of emulation, some features of the WFD in Turkey are an amalgam of pre-existing water institutions, the mimetic influence of integrated water resources management (IWRM) norms, EU policy and changing national water policy priorities: what we call assembled emulation. This observation has implications for future studies on policy transfer, Europeanisation, IWRM and Turkish accession.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/W11020324\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/06d4e4f4cab3e72c35e5bd5715995af823bfc61a\",\n \"result_position\": 21,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 202319620,\n \"title\": \"Отношения Сирии и Турции в сфере водных ресурсов\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Родех Хоури\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This article focuses on the relationship of Syria and Turkey in the field of water resources. The author studies the chronology of the development of relations between Syria and Turkey on the stated issues, historical background and causes of conflict situations. The positions of Syria, Turkey and Iraq on the current controversial situations related to the use of shared water resources are analyzed. The author focuses on the vital importance of water resources for the economy and national security of Syria. The role of regional integration associations in resolving conflict situations on the stated issues is revealed.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.24975/2313-8920-2019-6-2-203-212\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8ce0416cae21fb56edbc328b3cab6b8fcc143a8f\",\n \"result_position\": 22,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 15185684,\n \"title\": \"Groundwater depletion in the Middle East from GRACE with implications for transboundary water management in the Tigris-Euphrates-Western Iran region\",\n \"venue\": \"Water Resources Research\",\n \"year\": 2013,\n \"authors\": [\n \"K. Voss\",\n \"J. Famiglietti\",\n \"M. Lo\",\n \"C. Linage\",\n \"M. Rodell\",\n \"S. Swenson\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In this study, we use observations from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission to evaluate freshwater storage trends in the north‐central Middle East, including portions of the Tigris and Euphrates River Basins and western Iran, from January 2003 to December 2009. GRACE data show an alarming rate of decrease in total water storage of approximately −27.2±0.6 mm yr−1 equivalent water height, equal to a volume of 143.6 km3 during the course of the study period. Additional remote‐sensing information and output from land surface models were used to identify that groundwater losses are the major source of this trend. The approach used in this study provides an example of “best current capabilities” in regions like the Middle East, where data access can be severely limited. Results indicate that the region lost 17.3±2.1 mm yr−1 equivalent water height of groundwater during the study period, or 91.3±10.9 km3 in volume. Furthermore, results raise important issues regarding water use in transboundary river basins and aquifers, including the necessity of international water use treaties and resolving discrepancies in international water law, while amplifying the need for increased monitoring for core components of the water budget.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1002/wrcr.20078\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6729603fa548836e4d7c54c66277edf9f17c7121\",\n \"result_position\": 23,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 157763773,\n \"title\": \"THE POWER STRUGGLE IN THE LAYER OF TRANSNATIONAL HYDROPOLITICS: THE CASE OF THE ILISU DAM PROJECT\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ahmet Conker\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The study analyses hydropolitical relations among state and non-state actors in the context of the layer of transnational hydropolitics by looking at the controversy over the construction of the Ilisu dam project. Turkey is fully engaged in its „hydraulic mission?, very extensively and rapidly „developing? water resources throughout its territory. Some of these flows cross international borders, specifically very heavily contested Euphrates and Tigris basin. This large basin has attracted considerable academic attention, notably in regards to Turkey?s relations with downstream neighbours, Syria and Iraq. Yet, the great bulk of the existing analysis falls prey to two broader weaknesses; a) it has narrowly applied the recently developed literature regarding the role of power in transboundary water politics, and b) it has neglected or under-emphasized how non-state actors enrol in hydropolitical processes. Informed by deep investigation of the case study regarding the recent controversy over the construction of the Ilisu dam on the Tigris River, the study proposes a conceptual framework that seeks to analyse how power dynamics are at work at different scales of hydropolitics other than inter-state relations between the riparian states and how both discursive and material power capabilities influence the outcome of interactions as well as conflictual and cooperative relations between the state and non-state actors. The application of the conceptual framework to the relations between opponents and proponents of the construction of the Ilisu dam project shows how power dynamics change over time and they strongly shape conflictual relations between the actors. By highlighting the influence of the transnational anti-dam activist networks, the study shows the relevance of including non-state actors into analysis. The study shows that such actors lack material power but are able to use discursive (ideational and bargaining) power very effectively to meet their interests.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.15604/EJSS.2016.04.04.002\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a8af60482db70283e42c7624f3dcfc748f509f9b\",\n \"result_position\": 24,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 260691172,\n \"title\": \"Exploring the Water-Energy-Food nexus in context of conflict in Iraq\",\n \"venue\": \"Energy Nexus\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Bassam Yousif\",\n \"Omar El-joumayle\",\n \"J. Baban\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This article applies the Water-Energy-Food (WEF) nexus to explore the relationships between Iraq ’ s water (demand and supply), energy (oil, gas and electricity), and food production, moving beyond sector-specific studies. Thus, this is a WEF analysis of a country that is emerging from years of conflict and instability and is among the first WEF applications to Iraq at the national (as opposed to regional or metropolitan) level. We utilize various open-source data, peer reviewed and grey literature to survey environmental conditions, setting the ground for the study of WEF interrelationships. We note the decline in the quality and availability of water, focusing on it as a key input into both agricultural and oil production. We argue that the declining quality and availability of water over many decades is unable to sustain both present agricultural practices and rising oil output, high-lighting the difficulty of increasing the outputs of these sectors. As such, the article underlines the need for a multi-sectoral approach in dealing with the present challenges of water, energy and food production and argues that a radical restructuring of the relations between the sectors is required. We offer policy recommendations that seek to overcome internal barriers, constraints that exist and are potentially solvable within Iraq, and other measures geared towards external barriers, including the actions of neighbors.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100233\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/eb60cd35f7b4a66343382eb4794e7ac74fa09ad5\",\n \"result_position\": 25,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 133812534,\n \"title\": \"Sustainable Water Management in Iraq (Kurdistan) as a Challenge for Governmental Responsibility\",\n \"venue\": \"Water\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Yousuf\",\n \"N. Rapantová\",\n \"J. Younis\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"During the last few decades, a critical scarcity of water has occurred in the Middle East due to climate change and the mismanagement of water resources. The situation is complicated by the absence of an effective legislative framework at the local level as well as by the incapability and disrepute of the local water authorities. Most Iraqi citizens depend on the surface waters of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, which have their sources in upstream neighbouring countries. Water crises concerning the shared waters urgently require a solution at the international level. Unfortunately, Iraq has faced several wars in a row (1980–2003), which has prevented the country from establishing its institutions. The rapid increase in the population of the transboundary countries on the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, and the high demands on agriculture, are accelerating water exploitation. In this paper, the present state of water management in Iraq from the viewpoint of the legislative framework, water balance, and transboundary issues will be discussed, with special attention to Kurdistan. Many legislative documents have been established or amended by the Iraqi and Kurdistan parliaments since 2003. In 2015, the Kurdistan Government Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources, in cooperation with the EU, issued a guide for environmental legislation related to all environmental components such as air, water, and soil. The recommendations on actions needed in the water management in Kurdistan will be presented; they are inspired by the Water Framework Directive (WFD) (2000/60/EC) implemented in EU member states.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/W10111651\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/57e75d50be73d6ffa61ce8a4825077499b80370c\",\n \"result_position\": 26,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 269909206,\n \"title\": \"Equal allocation, demand priority or negotiated allocation? How to allocate water resources in the Tigris and Euphrates River Basin efficiently\",\n \"venue\": \"Heliyon\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yuntao Bai\",\n \"Lang Wang\",\n \"Ruidi Hu\",\n \"Delong Li\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The Tigris and Euphrates River Basin is an important water supply, but it suffers from water scarcity. It is necessary to carry out reasonable allocation of water resources in this region. Since water resources issues in this region are of multinational interest, international cooperative distribution efforts are needed. Common water resources allocation modes include equal allocation, demand priority or negotiation allocation. In order to derive the applicable range of various water resources allocation modes, this article constructs three differential game models and compares and analyzes the equilibrium results obtained by the models. Finally, the study shows that when the cost of developing water resources is small and the revenue obtained from developing water resources is large, the water-scarce region can obtain the maximum benefit by adopting the demand priority mode. Otherwise, the water-scarce region can obtain the maximum benefit by adopting the negotiation allocation mode. This study can inform the allocation, strategic interaction and cooperation of dynamic water resources in the two river basins.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31458\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4a2c244b15b82cca8c7953024fac5d9db6321bd1\",\n \"result_position\": 27,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 236269813,\n \"title\": \"Deltas in Arid Environments\",\n \"venue\": \"Water\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Day\",\n \"Reed Goodman\",\n \"Zhongyuan Chen\",\n \"R. Hunter\",\n \"L. Giosan\",\n \"Yanna Wang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Due to increasing water use, diversion and salinization, along with subsidence and sea-level rise, deltas in arid regions are shrinking worldwide. Some of the most ecologically important arid deltas include the Colorado, Indus, Nile, and Tigris-Euphrates. The primary stressors vary globally, but these deltas are threatened by increased salinization, water storage and diversion, eutrophication, and wetland loss. In order to make these deltas sustainable over time, some water flow, including seasonal flooding, needs to be re-established. Positive impacts have been seen in the Colorado River delta after flows to the delta were increased. In addition to increasing freshwater flow, collaboration among stakeholders and active management are necessary. For the Nile River, cooperation among different nations in the Nile drainage basin is important. River flow into the Tigris-Euphrates River delta has been affected by politics and civil strife in the Middle East, but some flow has been re-allocated to the delta. Studies commissioned for the Indus River delta recommended re-establishment of some monthly water flow to maintain the river channel and to fight saltwater intrusion. However, accelerating climate impacts, socio-political conflicts, and growing populations suggest a dire future for arid deltas.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/W13121677\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b0f1c43733f7886decb0d669665d1e31f940d3a3\",\n \"result_position\": 28,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 129337019,\n \"title\": \"Present Conditions and Future Challenges of Water Resources Problems in Iraq\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2014,\n \"authors\": [\n \"N. Al‐Ansari\",\n \"A. Ali\",\n \"S. Knutsson\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Iraq is part of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA region). It greatly relies in its water resources on the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Iraq was considered rich in its water resources till 1970s. After that problems due to water scarcity aroused. Recently, it is expected that water shortage problems will be more serious. The supply and demand are predicted to be 43 and 66.8 Billion Cubic Meters (BCM) respectively in 2015, while in 2025 it will be 17.61 and 77BCM respectively. In addition, future prediction suggests that Tigris and Euphrates Rivers will be completely dry in 2040. To overcome this problem, prudent water management plan is to be adopted. It should include Strategic Water Management Vision, development of irrigation techniques, reduction of water losses, use of non-conventional water resources and research and development planning.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.4236/JWARP.2014.612102\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4ec1af1fff9c686e2caf66510eecde8147474ef8\",\n \"result_position\": 29,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 272246355,\n \"title\": \"Solving the Water Resource Problems in Iraq\",\n \"venue\": \"Engineering\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Nadhir Al-Ansari\",\n \"N. Adamo\",\n \"V. Sissakian\",\n \"J. Laue\",\n \"S. Abed\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Iraq covers an area of 437072 km 2 in the northeastern part of the Middle East. Its population now is more than 40 million. It relies mainly on its water resources from the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers and their tributaries. Recently, Iraq has been experiencing a severe water scarcity problem. This is mainly due to climate change, increased hydrological projects in riparian countries, and water resources mismanagement inside Iraq itself. To overcome the problem, a new strategy should be implemented. Such strategy should consider two main courses of action: a) serious negotiations with riparian countries to reach an agreement giving Iraq equitable water shares from the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers and their tributaries. b) Prudent water management practices inside Iraq that consider adopting realistic distribution of water be-tween the governorates, rational policies aiming at increased water use efficiencies within Irrigation networks, increased use of non-conventional sources of water, adjustment of water tariffs and their collection procedures, improving agricultural techniques, introduction of intensive guidance and public awareness programs, and promulgation of new legislations, in addition to creation of human resources development programs.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.4236/eng.2024.168016\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/013a412cd9af971a1c6b1206edd0dc7d851825ce\",\n \"result_position\": 30,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 276332802,\n \"title\": \"Factors Affecting Transboundary Water Disputes: Nile, Indus, and Euphrates–Tigris River Basins\",\n \"venue\": \"Water\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Mujib Ahmad Azizi\",\n \"Jorge Leandro\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Transboundary water disputes arise as nations compete over shared water resources, exacerbated by climate change, socio-economic inequalities, and geopolitical tensions. These disputes, prominent in river basins like the Nile, Euphrates–Tigris, and Indus, threaten regional stability, water security, and ecological sustainability. This study investigates the drivers of such conflicts, evaluates the role of historical treaties, and examines the socio-economic and political dynamics, including hydro-hegemony and power imbalances, that influence governance. The research addresses the two following key questions: what factors drive transboundary water disputes, and what lessons from past conflicts and cooperation can guide future governance frameworks? Using a descriptive approach, the study critically analyses the literature and case studies to identify actionable insights. Specific objectives include analyzing drivers of conflict, assessing treaty efficacy, and deriving sustainable water-sharing strategies. Findings reveal that climate variability, population growth, and outdated agreements intensify challenges. In the Nile River Basin, Ethiopia’s Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) strains relations, while in the Indus Basin, the outdated Indus Waters Treaty struggles to address modern demands. Similarly, unilateral actions in the Euphrates–Tigris River Basin (ETRB) exacerbate socio-political instability. The study underscores the importance of inclusive governance, equitable treaties, and integrated strategies, such as integrated water resources management and climate adaptation, to balance ecological, socio-economic, and geopolitical priorities. Linking these efforts to the Sustainable Development Goals highlights their potential to transform conflict into opportunities for regional stability and shared prosperity.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/w17040525\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/57fe100503a3cc6a400dd50dd5c40fb1c04d70a9\",\n \"result_position\": 31,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 257062362,\n \"title\": \"“Scales of justice. Large dams and water rights in the Tigris–Euphrates basin”\",\n \"venue\": \"Policy & Society\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Alessandro Tinti\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"\\n The paper explores the politics of scale associated with the top-down planning of large hydraulic infrastructures in the Tigris–Euphrates basin. Against the backdrop of a worsening water crisis and the lack of cooperation between riparian countries, dams and reservoirs across the transboundary river system are sites of contestation between competing claims over dwindling and disputed resources. Drawing on post-structuralist insights from human geography on the politics of scale and the literature on megaprojects, it is argued here that hydraulic infrastructures are materially and discursively implicated in the construction of waterscapes at different scales to sustain broader political imaginaries. Based on ethnographic fieldwork and with a focus on the autonomous Region of Kurdistan in Iraq, the analysis juxtaposes the narratives deployed by state- and non-state actors to support or counter the development of additional dams. While, on the one hand, the Kurdistan Regional Government portrays hydraulic infrastructures as a vital source of security and well-being within the overarching nationalist narrative of Kurdish self-determination, on the other hand, transnational civil society groups under the umbrella of the Save the Tigris and Iraqi Marshes Campaign have mobilized against the adverse impact of megaprojects and appealed to the common Mesopotamian heritage in order to de-escalate political tensions within the transboundary river basin. In both cases, hydraulic infrastructures provide a framework for political action to secure recognition of rights and assert the appropriate scale of governance. Furthermore, bottom-up resistance is accompanied by the promotion of a participatory and inclusive approach to shared waters. From this perspective, the spatial politics of megaprojects intersect with issues of identity, equity, and sustainability.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1093/polsoc/puad003\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/20857de435826dc01000fa2076ee9c2f45ac06fd\",\n \"result_position\": 32,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 259468868,\n \"title\": \"TRANSBOUNDARY RIVER BASIN EUPHRATES-TIGRIS: INTERNATIONAL LEGAL REGULATION\",\n \"venue\": \"Russian Law Journal\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Sangar Samad Asaad\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Countries all around the globe have shown a strong desire to restrict the utilization of international water channels for non-navigational uses since they are important to human civilisation. This is to avoid issues that may occur because of the usage purposes of international water bodies such as rivers and streams. This research covers a narrow scope, which is limited to legislation addressing the use of international water channels to effectively settle international water disputes, to cover the lawful use of international watercourses. It also provides an overview of transboundary water interactions in the Euphrates-Tigris River basin, followed by a discussion of key topics. From the standpoint of international law, this study discusses the connections among Turkey, Syria, and Iraq regarding their shared water, the Euphrates and the Tigris. Finally, the paper concluded that Iraq must review its entire water policy and identify its flaws, including irrigation methods, dam maintenance, and the management of water resources by international standards. Iraq's deviation from these matters constitutes a violation of the international obligations to which it is bound by international treaties, particularly the framework agreement. This study concludes that Iraq's evaluation of its internal legislation and all of its projects built on the Tigris and Euphrates rivers adds significantly to the resolution of these issues.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.52783/rlj.v11i6s.900\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3a4a51bd4d65f19a9032dd3bbb10b247b9cf379d\",\n \"result_position\": 33,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 53481586,\n \"title\": \"Differences in resource management affects drought vulnerability across the borders between Iraq, Syria, and Turkey\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Lina Eklund\",\n \"Darcy A Thompson\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This study investigates the 2007-2009 Fertile Crescent drought in the border region of Syria, Iraq and Turkey from an agricultural perspective using satellite based vegetation data combined with precipitation and land cover data. We look at the trends in vegetation productivity between 2001 and 2015, as well as the different politico-economic factors affecting land management leading up to the drought. The findings show that while the drought was severe in Syria, it was not the only country affected by this drought, nor necessarily the worst hit. The agricultural drought lasted two years in most affected areas on the Syrian and Iraqi sides, however only one year in the affected areas on the Turkish side. We find that Turkey experienced an overall improvement in land productivity between 2001 and 2015, while Syria and Iraq show a negative productivity trend. Our analysis of government initiative when it comes to resource management suggests that such policies play an important role in drought mitigation. (Less)\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5751/ES-09179-220409\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/af4c77f3a15d2b1018200e730bcec65db51ac36c\",\n \"result_position\": 34,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 117385869,\n \"title\": \"Present Water Crises in Iraq and Its Human and Environmental Implications\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"N. Al-Ansari\",\n \"N. Adamo\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Iraq is facing a serious water shortage problem now, which has not been experienced before. This is because of the reduction of flow of the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers which is due to the implementation of hydrological projects within the upstream part of the catchment and climate change. Mismanagement of water resources within Iraq made the problem graver. It is believed that serious discussion with all riparian countries to reach an agreement to share the water of the two rivers and their tributaries is desperately needed. In addition, a prudent scientific strategy should be implemented and put into practice to overcome this problem in Iraq. In addition, the key positions within the Iraqi Ministry of Water Resources should be given to people having real experience in the water resources sector to ensure discreet and prudent management of the problem.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.4236/ENG.2018.106021\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/364e87ce47b90660bfccb87dceb4d54446e2e005\",\n \"result_position\": 35,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 249023878,\n \"title\": \"Sharing transboundary waters\",\n \"venue\": \"E3S Web of Conferences\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Özge Türk\",\n \"N. Türk\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Sharing the water of transboundary watercourses sometimes become a source of dispute between riparian states. A general method to share the water of transboundary watercourses has not yet been applied. This article examines existing practices, disputes, and criteria of some of the international financial institutions to propose a simple water-sharing method to allocate the water of the transboundary watercourses between riparian states. This method will help each riparian country to know how much water it will get from the transboundary water flow. So, states can plan on how to divide water between different uses and on building infrastructures on the watercourse or not. The proposed method is expected to decrease water disputes between riparian states as it clarifies the amount of water every riparian state gets from the transboundary watercourse. This article proposes a simple water-sharing method based on sharing the transboundary water quantity by 1/3 ratio for the downstream state and 2/3 for the upstream state. The method envisages compensation payments to other riparian states in different forms in case of excess water usage. As the environment needs a regular water flow, the proposed method also inquiries about some water to be released for the environment.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1051/e3sconf/202234603005\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f296868917ae0405b4d745f1e912f24b5deadf4d\",\n \"result_position\": 36,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 113252395,\n \"title\": \"Hydro-Politics of the Tigris and Euphrates Basins\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"N. Al‐Ansari\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The supply of fresh water is essential to life, socioeconomic development, and political stability in Middle East. Turkey, Syria and Iraq are the main riparian countries in the Tigris-Euphrates basin. Turkey is the riparian hegemon for a long time due to its structural power and dominant river position. Iraq and Syria are the lower countries in the basin and for this reason they always like to ensure the quantity of water required to satisfy their requirements. The conflict between riparian countries is due to several factors. These are: population growth rate and food security, energy security, economic and technological development, political fragmentation, international water laws, water and management availability and public awareness. There have been a number of attempts to find a common ground on water issues between the main three riparian countries since 1920 but no agreement signed yet. Present situation is very bad in Syria and Iraq where thousands of people have no access to water and farmers are leaving their land because of draught. Such situation will definitely raise tension and might lead to war. To avoid this, a mediator that has the capability to bring all countries concerned to the negotiation table is required. In addition, Syria and Iraq are to adopt prudent strategic plan based on resources development theory to ensure good water management and minimum water loses.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.4236/ENG.2016.83015\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a6d9ee98d5308a16bb45fa040ef726da4a10d216\",\n \"result_position\": 37,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 275508767,\n \"title\": \"Water Diplomacy and Non-Traditional Security\",\n \"venue\": \"Nation State: Journal of International Studies\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Krisman Heriamsal\",\n \"R. P. Heatubun\",\n \"Heyna Jekaisa\",\n \"Andi Ira Tenri Adikusuma\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The water scarcity crisis in Iraq has become a non-traditional security issue that threatens the country's social, political and economic stability. According to international data, water scarcity is predicted to worsen by 2030, affecting more than 700 million people worldwide. Iraq, which depends on the flow of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, is experiencing a decline in water quality and quantity that is worsening agricultural conditions, increasing social tensions and causing internal migration. This article analyzes the Iraqi government's efforts to address the water crisis through diplomacy by joining the Paris Agreement and the UN Water Convention, as well as organizing the Baghdad International Water Conference. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach to explore the impact of water scarcity in Iraq and the diplomatic responses undertaken for mitigation. Although formal diplomacy has resulted in international aid and mitigation projects, climate change impacts and domestic governance issues, such as corruption, hamper the effectiveness of such efforts. This article also suggests the need for non-formal diplomacy involving non-state actors to improve the effectiveness of solving the water crisis in Iraq.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.24076/nsjis.v7i2.1387\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8f6fef40198962b8d11f2429ee25069745d79980\",\n \"result_position\": 38,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 128814762,\n \"title\": \"Climate change impacts in the Euphrates–Tigris Basin based on different model and scenario simulations\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2013,\n \"authors\": [\n \"D. Bozkurt\",\n \"O. Sen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/J.JHYDROL.2012.12.021\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0f566af29ef6795a9ed1256d6c5a5e2745e093b4\",\n \"result_position\": 39,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 131278330,\n \"title\": \"Effects of mesopotamian marsh (iraq) desiccation on the cultural knowledge and livelihood of marsh arab women\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Nadia Al‐mudaffar fawzi\",\n \"Kelly P. Goodwin\",\n \"B. Mahdi\",\n \"M. Stevens\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract In this study, we evaluate ecological and cultural resiliency in response to desertification of the Mesopotamian Marshes of Southern Iraq. Our research illustrates that the desiccation of the marshes has caused a drastic change in how Marsh Arab women interact with their environment; specifically, in comparison to the predesiccation period, women’s roles are increasingly limited to domestic rather than marsh‐dependent activities. With the exception of raising water buffalo and limited horticulture activities, most families today have little opportunity to utilize women’s ability to generate income by applying their traditional ecological knowledge and skills. Furthermore, these women are no longer transmitting their marsh‐specific knowledge and skills to the next generation, and these valuable and ancient cultural memories are being lost. Upstream dam construction, drought, and regional climate change is depriving Marsh Arab communities of marsh ecosystem services such as potable water, water buffalo forage, fish yields, and reed production. In marsh areas, where enough water remains to sustain ecosystem services (such as in Chibayish and the Iraq Marshlands National Park), cultural knowledge has been retained and passed on to the next generations. We recommend that programs be implemented to preserve these traditional skills, to develop a market for handicrafts to support women and their families, and to support cultural knowledge. Otherwise, with the passing of the older generation, these remnants of ancient Sumerian knowledge systems and traditional ways of life will soon be forgotten.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1002/ehs2.1207\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/32d0881e4f491c027b9ec39f873a000b9b33f710\",\n \"result_position\": 40,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 126990830,\n \"title\": \"Water Issue Among the Riparian States of Euphrates and Tigris Transboundary Rivers\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2004,\n \"authors\": [\n \"I. Gurer\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/978-3-662-10866-6_28\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/36994147cfe917b6ef7cf2fb66c28209b5918f23\",\n \"result_position\": 41,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 255334845,\n \"title\": \"Evaluation of annual total precipitation in the transboundary Euphrates–Tigris River Basin of Türkiye using innovative graphical and statistical trend approaches\",\n \"venue\": \"Applied Water Science\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Meral Buyukyildiz\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The Euphrates–Tigris River Basin (ETRB), one of the largest river basins in the Middle East, is also among the most risky transboundary basins in the world. ETRB has a critical importance for the region both politically and economically due to its location. Evaluating the increasing regional impacts of climate change is even more important for the sustainable management of water and soil resources, especially in transboundary basins such as ETRB. Türkiye is one of the most important riparian countries of the ETRB and the Türkiye part of ETRB constitutes the headwater of the basin. In this study, the temporal variability of the annual total precipitation data for the period 1965–2020 of eighteen stations located in the Türkiye part of the ETRB was investigated. Classical Mann–Kendall (MK) test was used to statistically determine the monotonic trend of precipitation. In addition to the MK method, analyses were carried out with three innovative trend methods, which have the ability to interpret trends both statistically and graphically. These innovative trend methods are Şen innovative trend analysis (Şen-ITA), Onyutha trend test (OTT) and trend analysis with combination of Wilcoxon test and scatter diagram (CWTSD). The results obtained show that there is a decreasing trend in annual total precipitation in ETRB according to all trend methods generally used for the examined period. In addition, the results obtained from the relatively new OTT and CWTSD methods show strong consistency with the results of the other two methods. The advantages such as performing numerical and visual trend analysis with innovative OTT and CWTSD methods, identifying trends in low–medium–high value data and detecting sub-trends have shown that these methods can be used as an alternative to the widely used MK and Şen-ITA.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s13201-022-01845-7\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/25e5fa81572f19557fae82179ff2c01d3e0aa550\",\n \"result_position\": 42,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 156847590,\n \"title\": \"Transboundary water interaction III: contest and compliance\",\n \"venue\": \"International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Zeitoun\",\n \"A. Cascão\",\n \"J. Warner\",\n \"N. Mirumachi\",\n \"N. Matthews\",\n \"Filippo Menga\",\n \"R. Farnum\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This paper serves international water conflict resolution efforts by examining the ways that states contest hegemonic transboundary water arrangements. The conceptual framework of dynamic transboundary water interaction that it presents integrates theories about change and counter-hegemony to ascertain coercive, leverage, and liberating mechanisms through which contest and transformation of an arrangement occur. While the mechanisms can be active through sociopolitical processes either of compliance or of contest of the arrangement, most transboundary water interaction is found to contain elements of both. The role of power asymmetry is interpreted through classification of intervention strategies that seek to either influence or challenge the arrangements. Coexisting contest and compliance serve to explain in part the stasis on the Jordan and Ganges rivers (where the non-hegemons have in effect consented to the arrangement), as well as the changes on the Tigris and Mekong rivers, and even more rapid changes on the Amu Darya and Nile rivers (where the non-hegemons have confronted power asymmetry through influence and challenge). The framework also stresses how transboundary water events that may appear isolated are more accurately read within the many sociopolitical processes and arrangements they are shaped by. By clarifying the typically murky dynamics of interstate relations over transboundary waters, furthermore, the framework exposes a new suite of entry points for hydro-diplomatic initiatives.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s10784-016-9325-x\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/755b3a8d6c52fbbf6944f9441cebf7bb11778d73\",\n \"result_position\": 43,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 157067087,\n \"title\": \"Asymmetric Bargaining Model for Water Resource Allocation over Transboundary Rivers\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jianan Qin\",\n \"Xiang Fu\",\n \"Shaoming Peng\",\n \"Yuni Xu\",\n \"Jie Huang\",\n \"Shan-Lin Huang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Sustainable transboundary water governance is often challenged by conflicts between agents, which necessitates the design of cooperative and self-enforcing alternatives to facilitate equitable water distribution. The Nash bargaining approach, which originated from game theory, could offer a good mathematical framework to simulate strategic interactions among involved agents by considering individual rational benefits. Given that river-sharing problems often involve multiple self-interested agents, the asymmetric Nash bargaining solution (ANBS) could be used to describe agents’ powers, as determined by disparate social, economic, and political as well as military status, and ensure win–win strategies based on individual rationality. This paper proposed an asymmetric bargaining model by combining multi-criteria decision making, bankruptcy theory, and the ANBS for water distribution in the transboundary river context. The Euphrates River Basin (ERB) with three littoral states was used as a case study. Turkey has the highest bargaining power in ERB negotiation since it dominates in terms of economic strength, political influence, and military capacity, whereas in the two downstream countries these aspects are limited due to their internal political fragmentation and weaker military status. The water satisfaction percentages of Turkey, Syria, and Iraq under the best alternative are 96.30%, 84.23%, and 40.88%, respectively. The findings highlight the necessity for synthetically considering the agent’s disagreement utility and asymmetrical power when negotiating over water allocation.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/ijerph16101733\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9bc8037a8cc7de9a920981e8bbe1b0cde9f01128\",\n \"result_position\": 44,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 154001311,\n \"title\": \"Development and management of the Euphrates–Tigris basin\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2004,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Dogan Altinbilek\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/07900620310001635584\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7485ce6f3e69e1e673e2d20b2dc95bbaac2674af\",\n \"result_position\": 45,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 154968372,\n \"title\": \"Hydro-hegemony – a framework for analysis of trans-boundary water conflicts\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2006,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Zeitoun\",\n \"J. Warner\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The increasing structural and physical scarcity of water across the globe calls for a deeper understanding of trans-boundary water conflicts. Conventional analysis tends to downplay the role that power asymmetry plays in creating and maintaining situations of water conflict that fall short of the violent form of war and to treat as unproblematic situations of cooperation occurring in an asymmetrical context. The conceptual Framework of Hydro-Hegemony presented herein attempts to give these two features – power and varying intensities of conflict – their respective place in the perennial and deeply political question: who gets how much water, how and why? Hydro-hegemony is hegemony at the river basin level, achieved through water resource control strategies such as resource capture, integration and containment. The strategies are executed through an array of tactics (e.g. coercion-pressure, treaties, knowledge construction, etc.) that are enabled by the exploitation of existing power asymmetries within a weak international institutional context. Political processes outside the water sector configure basin-wide hydro-political relations in a form ranging from the benefits derived from cooperation under hegemonic leadership to the inequitable aspects of domination. The outcome of the competition in terms of control over the resource is determined through the form of hydro-hegemony established, typically in favour of the most powerful actor. The Framework of Hydro-hegemony is applied to the Nile, Jordan and Tigris and Euphrates river basins, where it is found that current hydro-hegemonic configurations tend towards the dominative form.. There is evidence in each case of power asymmetries influencing an inequitable outcome – at the expense of lingering, low-intensity conflicts. It is proposed that the framework provides an analytical paradigm useful for examining the options of such powerful or hegemonized riparians and how they might move away from domination towards cooperation.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.2166/WP.2006.054\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5903ab99be16e21e5ae84f7c7586f3516be36429\",\n \"result_position\": 46,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 153973964,\n \"title\": \"Water–energy–food nexus in a transboundary context: the Euphrates–Tigris river basin as a case study\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2015,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Kibaroglu\",\n \"Sezin İba Gürsoy\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/02508060.2015.1078577\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ef799bb50a9920d089818c245b697ed884fb77fb\",\n \"result_position\": 47,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 273127075,\n \"title\": \"Trend Stability Assessment for Hydrological Drought in Euphrates Basin (Türkiye) Using Triple Wilcoxon Test and Innovative Trend Analysis Methods\",\n \"venue\": \"Water\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"İbrahim Halil Demirel\",\n \"E. Kesgin\",\n \"Yavuz Selim Güçlü\",\n \"R. Tan\",\n \"B. Basaran\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This study investigates the stability of hydrological drought trends in the Euphrates Basin from 1960 to 2020 using three-dimensional (3D) graphical representations based on innovative trend analysis (ITA) and triple Wilcoxon test (WT) methods. Unlike traditional ITA and WT, which are widely used for trend identification but do not inherently provide trend stability information, this study employs a novel approach to assess and visualize trend stability. The Triple WT method divides the data into three equal segments, examining differences without altering the time series. Drought indices are calculated for 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month time scales using historical streamflow data from five stations. The research identifies trends and their stabilities across three distinct periods: 1967–1984, 1985–2002, and 2003–2020. Results show that as the time scale increases, trend differences between extreme drought conditions diminish. One station consistently exhibits significantly decreasing trends, while three stations show unstable trends with notable variations in the standardized streamflow index (SSFI). The use of 3D-ITA and Triple WT effectively captures the dynamics and stability of drought trends, offering a deeper understanding of hydrological drought in the Euphrates Basin. These findings provide a reference for future studies on drought trend mechanisms in various climatic regions.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/w16192823\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/793f8cd3de9e362dc60b8aa3e9fb5a63a8cad0c4\",\n \"result_position\": 48,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 270422543,\n \"title\": \"The complex system of climate change security and the ripple effect of water–food–socioeconomic nexus\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Infrastructure Policy and Development\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Sameh W. H. Al-Muqdadi\",\n \"Nawrast S. Abdalwahab\",\n \"Inass A. Almallah\",\n \"S. F. Hussein\",\n \"A. Yassin\",\n \"S. Salim\",\n \"Mohammed J. Alfarraji\",\n \"H. Mishbak\",\n \"Layth R.S. Altuma\",\n \"Basima Ab-dulrahman\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The effects of climate change are recognized globally. This study hypothesizes that climate change impacts are a complex system that creates a ripple effect on water security, food security, and economic security. Ultimately, those domains simultaneously exacerbate climate change effects and produce national security concerns. The study’s framework uses a transdisciplinary team’s quantitative and qualitative approach to evaluate the challenges and possible solutions to climate change security on the Water–Food–Socioeconomic Nexus. Iraq has been taken as a case study highlighting the deficits in management and governance. The dynamic of the ripple effect shows the interventions for each sector’s water-food-socioeconomic and security that collectively impact upon each other over time. The radical shift in the political infrastructure after 2003 from a centralized to a decentralized one without proper preparation is one of the root causes of the governance and management anarchy. About 228 state and non-state actors are involved in decision-making, leaving it fragile and unsustainable. Only 1% of the national budget is allocated to both the Ministry of Water Resources and the Ministry of Agriculture, which leaves no capacity to mitigate the risk of climate change impact.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.24294/jipd.v8i6.3928\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/02811fbf19bd9c80631335a9164cd7ec77afa01c\",\n \"result_position\": 49,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 135105377,\n \"title\": \"Identifying Key Water Resource Vulnerabilities in Data‐Scarce Transboundary River Basins\",\n \"venue\": \"Water Resources Research\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"C. Rougé\",\n \"A. Tilmant\",\n \"B. Zaitchik\",\n \"A. Dezfuli\",\n \"M. Salman\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This paper presents a two‐step framework to identify key water resource vulnerabilities in transboundary river basins where data availability on both hydrological fluxes and the operation of man‐made facilities is either limited or nonexistent. In a first step, it combines two state‐of‐the‐art modeling tools to overcome data limitations and build a model that provides a lower bound on risks estimated in that basin. Land data assimilation (process‐based hydrological modeling taking remote‐sensed products as inputs) is needed to evaluate hydrological fluxes, that is, streamflow data and consumptive use in irrigated agriculture—a lower‐end estimate of demand. Hydroeconomic modeling provides cooperative water allocation policies that reflect the best‐case management of storage capacity under hydrological uncertainty at a monthly time step for competing uses—hydropower, irrigation. In a second step, the framework uses additional scenarios to proceed with the in‐depth analysis of the vulnerabilities identified despite the use of what is by definition a best‐case model. We implement this approach to the Tigris‐Euphrates river basin, a politically unstable region where water scarcity has been hypothesized to serve as a trigger for the Syrian revolution and ensuing war. Results suggest that even under the framework's best‐case assumptions, the Euphrates part of the basin is close to a threshold where it becomes reliant on transfers of saline water from other parts of the basin to ensure irrigation demands are met. This Tigris‐Euphrates river basin application demonstrates how the proposed framework quantifies vulnerabilities that have been hitherto discussed in a mostly qualitative, speculative way.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1029/2017WR021489\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/00a4035cc7d87c87524f549d1484f5c8023c09ad\",\n \"result_position\": 50,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 10308205,\n \"title\": \"Restructuring of Water Usage in the Tigris-Euphrates Basin : The Impact of Modern Water Management Policies\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2001,\n \"authors\": [\n \"P. Beaumont\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4692db57b1bd88ad329dee3ec87f42e61e5166cf\",\n \"result_position\": 51,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 240118554,\n \"title\": \"Analysis of Transforming Security Through the Water Resources and Affiliated Conflicts Between 2000 and 2019: Case of Iraq, Syria and Turkey\",\n \"venue\": \"Siyasal: Journal of Political Sciences\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Murat Aslan\",\n \"C. Özbek\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"1 Corresponding Author: Murat Aslan (Asst. Prof. Dr.), Hasan Kalyoncu University, Faculty of Economics, Administrative & Social Sciences, Department of Political Science and International Relations, Gaziantep, Turkey. E-mail: murat.aslan@hku. edu.tr ORCID: 0000-0002-5128-1020 2 Cumali Özbek (Doctoral Student), Hasan Kalyoncu University, Social Sciences Institute, Gaziantep, Turkey. E-mail: cumali. ozbek@yahoo.com ORCID: 0000-0003-0587-3751 To cite this article: Aslan, M., & Ozbek, C. (2021). Analysis of Transforming Security Through the Water Resources and Affiliated Conflicts Between 2000 and 2019: Case of Iraq, Syria and Turkey. SİYASAL: Journal of Political Sciences, 30(1), 109–127. http://doi.org/10.26650/siyasal.2021.30.1.862827 Abstract The aim of this study is to analyze the changing nature of water security and affiliated conflicts within the scope of security conceptualization at individual and state levels between the years 2000-2019. It was set out that water conflicts and water insecurity in Iraq, Syria and Turkey in the 20-year period after 2000 were caused by attacks to water resources and infrastructure at micro and mezzo levels, other than natural disasters such as climate change and reduced water resources. This research focuses on the water conflicts that have arisen in recent years, with some exceptions, not between states but by groups operating at regional levels. It has also been observed in recent years that terrorisminduced attacks have focused on waterways and threatens water security. The study focused on the conflicts occurring in Iraq, Syria and Turkey and the causes of these conflicts within the framework of comparative analysis method.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.26650/siyasal.2021.30.1.862827\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/deabafd5b056230eb5600edd265bed8eb3b0478d\",\n \"result_position\": 52,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 108881922,\n \"title\": \"Turkish Waters: Source of Regional Conflict or Catalyst for Peace?\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2000,\n \"authors\": [\n \"G. Gruen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1023/A:1005229419209\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6a0a664368b6daf00e18cbd4e53d4dac2936bbe6\",\n \"result_position\": 53,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 18216457,\n \"title\": \"Weighted Bankruptcy Rules and Transboundary Water Resources Allocation\",\n \"venue\": \"Water resources management\",\n \"year\": 2015,\n \"authors\": [\n \"H. Mianabadi\",\n \"E. Mostert\",\n \"S. Pande\",\n \"N. C. van de Giesen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"One significant problem of transboundary river basins causing various challenges and disputes throughout the world is that because of increasing water resource variability and consumption, the water demand often exceeds water availability. Hence, one of the main challenges in transboundary river basin management is how to allocate the available water among the riparian states equitably and reasonably. In this study, we propose a novel weighted bankruptcy solution method to cope with the problem of demands or “claims” exceeding resources or “assets”. Certain desirable key properties of the proposed method are provided. Furthermore, we investigate its application to the Tigris River, a shared river among Turkey, Syria and Iraq, as a real case. The available water is allocated under two different situations: homogeneous and heterogeneous group. We use the Shapley Value and compare the solution with other allocation methods applied in this study. The results suggest that this new rule may facilitate negotiation in solving conflict over the allocation of water in transboundary river basins.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s11269-015-0942-x\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fdccd6e0415ff5fdf0c7817a4d6f33bb635428a6\",\n \"result_position\": 54,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 54996930,\n \"title\": \"Developing new scenarios for water allocation negotiations: a case study ofthe Euphrates River Basin\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Jarkeh\",\n \"A. Mianabadi\",\n \"H. Mianabadi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract. Mismanagement and uneven distribution of water may lead to or increase conflict among countries. Allocation of water among trans-boundary river neighbours is a key issue in utilization of shared water resources. The bankruptcy theory is a cooperative Game Theory method which is used when the amount of demand of riparian states is larger than total available water. In this study, we survey the application of seven methods of Classical Bankruptcy Rules (CBRs) including Proportional (CBR-PRO), Adjusted Proportional (CBR-AP), Constrained Equal Awards (CBR-CEA), Constrained Equal Losses (CBR-CEL), Piniles (CBR-Piniles), Minimal Overlap (CBR-MO), Talmud (CBR-Talmud) and four Sequential Sharing Rules (SSRs) including Proportional (SSR-PRO), Constrained Equal Awards (SSR-CEA), Constrained Equal Losses (SSR-CEL) and Talmud (SSR-Talmud) methods in allocation of the Euphrates River among three riparian countries: Turkey, Syria and Iraq. However, there is not a certain documented method to find more equitable allocation rule. Therefore, in this paper, a new method is established for choosing the most appropriate allocating rule which seems to be more equitable than other allocation rules to satisfy the stakeholders. The results reveal that, based on the new propose model, the CBR-AP seems to be more equitable to allocate the Euphrates River water among Turkey, Syria and Iraq.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5194/PIAHS-374-9-2016\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b669fac2b1082e6a7ffe235cf7c34cc6b60b5bd6\",\n \"result_position\": 55,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 57013041,\n \"title\": \"Mapping ecoregions under climate change: a case study from the biological ‘crossroads’ of three continents, Turkey\",\n \"venue\": \"Landscape Ecology\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yasemin Ergüner\",\n \"J. Jeevan Kumar\",\n \"F. Hoffman\",\n \"H. N. Dalfes\",\n \"W. Hargrove\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"ContextBesides climate change vulnerability, most ecosystems are under threat from a history of improper land-use and conservation policies, yet there is little existing long-term ecological research infrastructure in Turkey. In regions with no ecological networks across large landscapes, ecoregion concept offers opportunities for characterizing the landscape under changing climate.ObjectivesAim is to develop contemporary and future quantitative ecoregions for Turkey based on climate model outputs, to identify climate change-sensitive areas of biodiversity and conservation significance, and to provide a framework for a comprehensive ecological observatory network design.MethodsUsing Multivariate Spatio-Temporal Clustering and climate data contemporary and projected future distributions of Turkey’s ecoregions are delineated at several division levels.ResultsTurkey’s contemporary ecoregions generally show a northward shift by the end of this century and the lengthening of the growing season across the country, especially eastward and northward. The increase in growing season length, along with the shift in precipitation seasonality and increasing growing season precipitation, shape future conditions within the climate change-sensitive areas. Apart from transboundary ecological and socioeconomic significance, these potentially vulnerable ecosystems also constitute the majority of Turkey’s biodiversity hotspots.ConclusionsOur study marks the first ‘ecoregionalization’ study for Turkey based on both contemporary and future climate scenarios. For countries like Turkey, where large-scale ecological networks have not been established, using such quantitative methodology for delineation of optimal ecoclimatic regions, and for mapping environments at risk from climate change provides an invaluable perspective for conservation planning strategies, and a framework for a comprehensive ecological observatory network design.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s10980-018-0743-8\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/01dc06a5156ca841d83293db41cf7227bb61920a\",\n \"result_position\": 56,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 241414507,\n \"title\": \"Relationships of Syria and Turkey in the Sphere of Water Resources\",\n \"venue\": \"Post-Soviet Issues\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Roda Hourie\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This article focuses on the relationship of Syria and Turkey in the field of water resources. The author studies the chronology of the development of relations between Syria andTurkey on the stated issues, historical background and causes of conflict situations. The positionsof Syria, Turkey and Iraq on the current controversial situations related to the use of shared water resources are analyzed. The author focuses on the vital importance of water resources for theeconomy and national security of Syria. The role of regional integration associations in resolvingconflict situations on the stated issues is revealed.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.24975/2313-8920-2019-6-2-203-212\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/16160715d357ec8a339297d1b874dbea364f7c4e\",\n \"result_position\": 57,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 132588647,\n \"title\": \"Analysis of the situation of the Euphrates-Tigris-Shatt Al Arab river system and possible solutions of the devastation of the ecosystem\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Matija Kordić\",\n \"Milutin Milanković\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"International waters are the most problematic area of water management because there comes to a collision of rights between the riparian’s, and the most complicated is the problem of trans-boundary rivers. The Euphrates-Tigris-Shatt Al Arab river system is the largest water resource in the Western Asia with a topographic catchment of more than 900,000 km 2 from the Taurus-Zagros Mountain Range to the Persian Gulf and is populated by around 54 million people. The riparian’s: Turkey, Syria and Iraq have different views on the resources of these rivers. Turkey doesn’t agree with the term “sharing waters”. They see it as inadequate. For them the Euphrates is a trans-boundary river that is under theirs sovereignty as long as it is within its territory. Iraq and Syria view it as an “international river” that should be treated as a shared entity. According to Turkey the Euphrates and Tigris form a single water basin, but Iraq and Syria consider them as two separate basins (UN-ESCWA and BGR, 2013). Turkey says that in order to reach an allocation, negotiations should include all available water resources, but Syria and Iraq disagree. On the 1997 UN Convention on the Law of Non-navigational Use of International Watercourses Turkey was the only Euphrates Basin country that voted against. If they had signed, that could give riparian’s a veto right over their developments plans. In 1987 Damask and Ankara signed a protocol which guaranteed Syria 500 m 3 /s of flow on the Euphrates River, which was not respected during the filling of Ataturk Dam in 1990. The flow of the river has been cut in half by 2010 on the border with Syria and by 2/3 for Iraq since the development of the GAP project. In 1977 Turkey initiated the Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP in original) to harness the water of the Tigris and the Euphrates for energy and agricultural production thus providing an economic boost to south-eastern Anatolia by creating 4 million new jobs. The project covers an area of 74,000 km 2 and is populated by around 7 million people. When completed, there will be 22 dams and 19 hydroelectric power plants on these Rivers. The plan is to produce 27,367 GWh of hydroelectric energy per year and to double irrigable farmland to 1.8 million ha (UN-ESCWA and BGR, 2013). Today almost half of GAP has been fulfilled. This led to increase in salinity and serious changes of the ecosystem and river flow regimes. This caused a discord from the riparian’s, NGOs and activists worldwide. International experts think that GAP when finished is going to consume more than 50% of the Euphrates and about 14% of the Tigris. To show this two periods have been selected. First period is from 1938-1974 and it represents the natural flow of the Euphrates River before the construction of the Keban Dam in Turkey and Lake Assad in Syria and the second is from 1974-1998 as the first phase of the evolving infrastructure on the Euphrates basin. The average flow was measured in Jarablat (Syria) and for the first period is around 950 m 3 /s and for the second around 800 m 3 /s, than Hit (Iraq) decreased from 970 m 3 /s to 720 m 3 /s and Hindijah (Iraq) from 630 m 3 /s to 470 m 3 /s. We can see a pattern and a decrease in flow of around 150 m 3 /s. Of course, regulation of the Euphrates can protect downstream countries from floods and droughts. The effects of water pollution are mostly visible downstream in Syria because Turkey diverts water from the main course of the Euphrates at Lake Ataturk. The water goes through the Urfa tunnels to the Urfa-Harran agricultural area in the upper Jallab/Balikh and Khabour sub-basins. The return flows from irrigation are large in quantity but poor in quality and they enter Syria mostly through the Jallab River near Tell Abyad and enter the Euphrates through the Balikh River around 200 km from the Syrian-Turkey border. This shows us why the Euphrates water quality has remained almost unaffected by the agricultural development in Turkey on the Syrian-Turkey border. There should come to a conjoined look from the riparian’s on the rights of the ecosystem and the serious damage that is being done to it, for the sake of the greater good and the legal obligations of the riparian’s between themselves. This is extremely difficult especially now with the rising political problems between Turkey and Syria. International experts in all fields relevant to this problem should meet and discuss this problem and enforce laws that will stick and solve the problem and save this fragile ecosystem. The most important thing should be the environment but we should not look the other way for the needs of the riparian’s and their development too. So very important would be the research and potential of all available resources and their combined usage. There should be a good monitoring network of the underground and surface waters and calculation of the regime, balance and reserves and the amounts of water the riparian’s need, then determining the connection of overall water flow because of the circulation of pollution. Then, there should be an assessment of geothermal potential of the area and its possible usage considering the North and East Anatolian Fault Zone. For example for the producing of electricity we could use the solar or geothermal energy, the energy of the wind and the energy of biomass and use as many of them individually or together. For irrigation where there are underground waters we could use a variety of methods, such as „AGRONET“ or drip irrigation technique to decrease the usage of surface waters and their pollution. We could even use the polluted waters to produce energy by constructing a hydroelectric power plant in the area where polluted waters are flowing and after or in it there could also be a water treatment plant. Polluted waters should be monitored and diverted into one water course which should be regulated by a hydro-isolator securing the ground beneath and on the sides of this new course.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.7494/GEOL.2016.42.1.83\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/11b2ff07011cdbf021860fde052ac671a0b8aad0\",\n \"result_position\": 58,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 132100944,\n \"title\": \"COULD WATER CO-MANAGEMENT CONTRIBUTE TO PEACE, IN MIDDLE EAST?\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"B. Christaras\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Water is the most precious resource in the Middle East, more important even than oil, given that while the citizens represent the 5% of the total world population, the Middle East & North Africa (MENA) region contains only 0.9% of global water resources (World Bank, 1996, Allan, 1999). For this reason, almost all conflicts, in Middle East, are mainly related to shared-water resources. Historically, water was very often used as military tool or for religious purposes, Conflicts, for water management, were known from ancient years, till to the recent time. But also in our days, by 2010, the water deficit (difference between water supply and demand) is estimated to be at around 1 billion cubic meters, explaining the importance of the water to the joint futures of Palestinians, Jordanians, and Israelis. For managing the water demand, various projects were proposed or already performed related to deep aquifers pumping, brackish-groundwater reverse-osmosis desalination, sea water desalinization, water transfer using canal or pipeline systems and dam construction. Nevertheless, it is important to understand that Peace can be possible in Middle East only if a rational and fair co-management of water resources could be real.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.12681/BGSG.11351\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/44719de5c1d9eb57b2381dec60452d316561b044\",\n \"result_position\": 59,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 56017269,\n \"title\": \"Water Shortage in MENA Region: An Interdisciplinary Overview and a Suite of Practical Solutions\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2013,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Anas Zyadin\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The chronic water shortage in the Middle East North Africa (MENA) region is a perplexing issue, undoubtedly because various operational sectors, multi-institutions and stakeholders are inextricably interconnected. In the light of climate variability and the unprecedented population growth rate, the per capita water resources and biocapacity will continue plummeting, and the demand-gap will seriously expand. Existing water quantification agreements have been deemed inefficient to solve the problem of naturally diminishing water resources and thus require immediate re-assembling. Most scholarly endeavors, including key international organizations, NGOs, and “Think Tank” policy briefs have limitedly addressed water shortage in contexts of regional politics, mass media, and, importantly, from social psychology perspectives. Therefore, a thorough analysis and interdisciplinary approach is required to find a feasible and suitable framework of solutions and from a multi-perspective podium. A synthesis of cross-sectorial bottlenecks that are crucial to water management is presented, and a suite of practical recommendations are introduced to water authorities and governments. This study argues that in the shadow of the region’s political instability, the clash of ideologies and its repercussions, and issues of national security and sovereignty, regional cooperation on water issues remain prognostications. In this essence, governments of MENA countries are urged to develop measures to substantially increase the water supply through innovative approaches. Such measures include enhancing the capacities of water harvesting, maximizing the storage capacities of the built dams, and deploying groundwater recharge techniques. Furthermore, seawater and brackish water desalination through clean energy technologies is a contemporary solution with socio-economic and multiple benefits. Multi-billion water projects might not be suitable approach in the absence of external funding and the aforementioned hurdles. Further research is required to address the social economics, and environmental aspects of desalination and the socio-economic feasibility of privatizing drinking water utilities and price polarization.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.4236/JWARP.2013.54A008\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0b8e2ab951cfb134c36f99c41bf29145e1ab9373\",\n \"result_position\": 60,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 130096942,\n \"title\": \"Toward Prudent management of Water Resources in Iraq\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2011,\n \"authors\": [\n \"N. Al‐Ansari\",\n \"S. Knutsson\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/92b56f1589a5a9c63af30c29c14ccae052aa47ef\",\n \"result_position\": 61,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 55928733,\n \"title\": \"Expected Future of Water Resources within Tigris-Euphrates Rivers Basin, Iraq\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2014,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Issa E. Issa\",\n \"N. Al‐Ansari\",\n \"G. Sherwany\",\n \"S. Knutsson\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Iraq is one of the riparian countries within basins of Tigris-Euphrates Rivers in the Middle East region. The region is currently facing water shortage problems due to the increase of the demand and climate changes. In the present study, average monthly water flow measurements for 15 stream flow gaging stations within basins of these rivers in Iraq with population growth rate data in some of its part were used to evaluate the reality of the current situation and future challenges of water availability and demand in Iraq. The results showed that Iraq receives annually 70.92 km3 of water 45.4 and 25.52 km3 from River Tigris and Euphrates respectively. An amount of 18.04 km3 of the Tigris water comes from Turkey while 27.36 km3 is supplied by its tributaries inside Iraq. The whole amount of water in the Euphrates Rivers comes outside the Iraqi borders. Annual decrease of the water inflow is 0.1335 km3∙year−1 for Tigris and 0.245 km3∙year−1 for Euphrates. This implies that the annual percentage reduction of inflow rates for the two rivers is 0.294% and 0.960%, respectively. Iraq consumes annually 88.89% (63.05 km 3 ) of incoming water from the two rivers, where about 60.43% and 39.57% are from Rivers Tigris and Euphrates respectively. Water demand increases annually by 1.002 km 3 , of which 0.5271 km 3 and 0.475 km 3 are within Tigris and Euphrates basins respectively. The average water demand in 2020 will increase to 42.844 km 3 ∙year −1 for Tigris basin and for Euphrates 29.225 km 3 ∙year −1 (total 72.069 km 3 ∙year −1 ), while water availability will decrease to 63.46 km 3 ∙year −1 . This means that the overall water shortage will be restricted to 8.61 km 3 .\",\n \"doi\": \"10.4236/JWARP.2014.65042\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f04f9b983025ad427cd377d5e36b1a9d661dff29\",\n \"result_position\": 62,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 210636504,\n \"title\": \"Geopolitics of the Tigris and Euphrates Basins\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"N. Al-Ansari\",\n \"N. Adamo\",\n \"S. Knutsson\",\n \"J. Laue\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1bb6a956b4655516b6314e77cd4ff93e31b7530d\",\n \"result_position\": 63,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 54820615,\n \"title\": \"Trends and future challenges of water resources in the Tigris–Euphrates Rivers basin in Iraq\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2013,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Issa E. Issa\",\n \"N. Al‐Ansari\",\n \"G. Sherwany\",\n \"S. Knutsson\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract. Iraq is one of the riparian countries within basins of Tigris–Euphrates Rivers in the Middle East region. The region is currently facing water shortage problems due to the increase of the demand and climate changes. In the present study, average monthly water flow measurements for 15 stream flow gaging stations within basins of these rivers in Iraq with population growth rate data in some of its part were used to evaluate the reality of the current situation and future challenges of water availability and demand in Iraq. The results showed that Iraq receives annually 70.29 km3 of water 45.4 and 25.52 km3 from River Tigris and Euphrates respectively. An amount of 18.04 km3 is supplied by its tributaries inside Iraq. The whole amount of water in the Euphrates Rivers comes outside the Iraqi borders. Annual decrease of the water inflow is 0.1335 km3 yr−1 for Tigris and 0.245 km3 yr−1 for Euphrates. This implies the annual percentage reduction of inflow rates for the two rivers is 0.294 and 0.960% respectively. Iraq consumes annually 88.89% (63.05 km3) of incoming water from the two rivers, where about 60.43 and 39.57% are from Rivers Tigris and Euphrates respectively. Water demand increases annually by 0.896 km3; of which 0.5271 and 0.475 km3 within Tigris and Euphrates basins respectively. The average water demand in 2020 will increase to 42.844 km3 yr−1 for Tigris basin and for Euphrates 29.225 km3 yr−1 (total 72.069 km3 yr−1), while water availability will decrease to 63.46 km3 yr−1. This means that the overall water shortage will be restricted to 8.61 km3.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5194/HESSD-10-14617-2013\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c08a6bfb990c2313b5f7a6d616bf67a54d2f38cf\",\n \"result_position\": 64,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 128757023,\n \"title\": \"The status of transboundary rivers in Turkey\",\n \"venue\": \"Water Resources\",\n \"year\": 2014,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Kankal\",\n \"Ergun Uzlu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1134/S0097807814060098\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b34cf95c6ae1b4362fec933520c4fa369a1a3552\",\n \"result_position\": 65,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 251539816,\n \"title\": \"High-resolution surface water dynamics in Earth’s small and medium-sized reservoirs\",\n \"venue\": \"Scientific Reports\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"G. Donchyts\",\n \"H. Winsemius\",\n \"F. Baart\",\n \"R. Dahm\",\n \"J. Schellekens\",\n \"N. Gorelick\",\n \"C. Iceland\",\n \"S. Schmeier\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Small and medium-sized reservoirs play an important role in water systems that need to cope with climate variability and various other man-made and natural challenges. Although reservoirs and dams are criticized for their negative social and environmental impacts by reducing natural flow variability and obstructing river connections, they are also recognized as important for social and economic development and climate change adaptation. Multiple studies map large dams and analyze the dynamics of water stored in the reservoirs behind these dams, but very few studies focus on small and medium-sized reservoirs on a global scale. In this research, we use multi-annual multi-sensor satellite data, combined with cloud analytics, to monitor the state of small (10–100 ha) to medium-sized (> 100 ha, excluding 479 large ones) artificial water reservoirs globally for the first time. These reservoirs are of crucial importance to the well-being of many societies, but regular monitoring records of their water dynamics are mostly missing. We combine the results of multiple studies to identify 71,208 small to medium-sized reservoirs, followed by reconstructing surface water area changes from satellite data using a novel method introduced in this study. The dataset is validated using 768 daily in-situ water level and storage measurements (r2 > 0.7 for 67% of the reservoirs used for the validation) demonstrating that the surface water area dynamics can be used as a proxy for water storage dynamics in many cases. Our analysis shows that for small reservoirs, the inter-annual and intra-annual variability is much higher than for medium-sized reservoirs worldwide. This implies that the communities reliant on small reservoirs are more vulnerable to climate extremes, both short-term (within seasons) and longer-term (across seasons). Our findings show that the long-term inter-annual and intra-annual changes in these reservoirs are not equally distributed geographically. Through several cases, we demonstrate that this technology can help monitor water scarcity conditions and emerging food insecurity, and facilitate transboundary cooperation. It has the potential to provide operational information on conditions in ungauged or upstream riparian countries that do not share such data with neighboring countries. This may help to create a more level playing field in water resource information globally.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s41598-022-17074-6\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c34098fbf4218cef5676ec32f44fce2e6b71c51a\",\n \"result_position\": 66,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":79,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"What studies compare the sensitivity, specificity, and overall diagnostic performance of the Modified Agglutination Test (MAT) versus conventional PCR for screening Toxoplasma gondii in humans or animals, particularly highlighting the limitations of MAT as a screening tool?"},"query_timestamp":{"kind":"string","value":"2025-06-18T22:58:28.639955+00:00"},"thread_id":{"kind":"string","value":"1b65bd7b1af2996e401e46c44caa8ffd03baea9bea106f8dc46b2ac469d94123"},"num_shown":{"kind":"number","value":19,"string":"19"},"num_clicked":{"kind":"number","value":1,"string":"1"},"has_clicks":{"kind":"bool","value":true,"string":"true"},"shown_papers":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"corpus_id":219437449,"title":"Comparison of the modified agglutination test and real-time PCR for detection of Toxoplasma gondii exposure in feral cats from Phillip Island, Australia, and risk factors associated with infection","venue":"International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife","year":2020,"authors":["Katherine Adriaanse","S. Firestone","Michael Lynch","A. Rendall","D. Sutherland","Jasmin Hufschmid","R. Traub"],"abstract":"Toxoplasma gondii is considered a disease risk for many native Australian species. Feral cats are the key definitive host of T. gondii in Australia and therefore, investigating the epidemiology of T. gondii in cat populations is essential to understanding the risk posed to wildlife. Test sensitivity and specificity are poorly defined for diagnostic tests targeting T. gondii in cats and there is a need for validated techniques. This study focused on the feral cat population on Phillip Island, Victoria, Australia. We compared a novel real-time PCR (qPCR) protocol to the modified agglutination test (MAT) and used a Bayesian latent class modelling approach to assess the diagnostic parameters of each assay and estimate the true prevalence of T. gondii in feral cats. In addition, we performed multivariable logistic regression to determine risk factors associated with T. gondii infection in cats. Overall T. gondii prevalence by qPCR and MAT was 79.5% (95% confidence interval 72.6–85.0) and 91.8% (84.6–95.8), respectively. Bayesian modelling estimated the sensitivity and specificity of the MAT as 96.2% (95% credible interval 91.8–98.8) and 82.1% (64.9–93.6), and qPCR as 90.1% (83.6–95.5) and 96.0% (82.1–99.8), respectively. True prevalence of T. gondii infection in feral cats on Phillip Island was estimated as 90.3% (83.2–95.1). Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that T. gondii infection was positively associated with weight and this effect was modified by season. Cats trapped in winter had a high probability of infection, regardless of weight. The present study suggests qPCR applied to tissue is a highly sensitive, specific and logistically feasible tool for T. gondii testing in feral cat populations. Additionally, T. gondii infection is highly prevalent in feral cats on Phillip Island, which may have significant impacts on endemic and introduced marsupial populations.","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.05.006","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/37e5c916c895d71d4a72cedf728d3a481207d110","result_position":0,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":56570499,"title":"Comparison of PCR and Serologic Survey for Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis in Sheep","venue":"","year":2015,"authors":["R. Shaapan","Omnia M Kandil","S. Nassar"],"abstract":"Comparative diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep were carried out with PCR and some serological assays using 200 blood and serum samples collected from sheep of different ages and sexes slaughtered in the main abattoir in Cairo and Giza, Egypt. PCR showed the higher prevalence of toxoplasmosis (48.5%) followed by the Modified Agglutination Test (MAT) (45.5%) and the Latex Agglutination Test (LAT) (41.0%), while the lowest prevalence was detected with the Indirect Hem-Agglutination Test (IHAT) (38.5%). When the data of the serological tests were compared with that of the PCR, as a reference test for toxoplasmosis, MAT had the highest sensitivity (95.9%) followed by LAT (90.7%) and the lowest sensitivity by IHAT (80.4%). On the other hand IHAT had the highest specificity (91.3%) followed by MAT (88.3%) and the lowest specificity was by LAT (84.5%). The present study adopt PCR and serological survey of T. gondii antibodies in sheep by using more sensitive and specific antigens prepared from isolated T. gondii local strain and the obtained results suggests that MAT alone or with LAT can be used as a highly sensitive screening test followed by PCR as a specific confirmatory test for diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in sheep. Consequently, the high prevalence of sheep toxoplasmosis detected by this study scopes the public health significance of sheep’s meat as source of human infection.","doi":"10.3923/JP.2015.66.72","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f091b79a87d688ef5647e9645851cf08b2751bcd","result_position":1,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":43887802,"title":"Serologic and molecular diagnostic and bioassay in mice for detection of Toxoplasma gondii in free ranges chickens from Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul","venue":"","year":2012,"authors":["Luciane Holsback","H. Pena","A. Ragozo","E. G. Lopes","S. Gennari","R. Soares"],"abstract":"Holsback L., Pena H.F.J., Ragozo A., Lopes E.G., Gennari S.M. & Soares R.M. 2012. Serologic and molecular diagnostic and bioassay in mice for detection of Toxoplasma gondii in free range chickens from Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32(8):721-726. Setor de Veterinária e Produção Animal, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, Campus Luiz Meneghel, Rodovia BR 369 Km 54, Bandeirantes, PR 86360-000, Brazil. E-mail: lhsfertonani@uenp.edu.br The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii and compare the results obtained in the Modi ied Agglutination Test (MAT), Polimerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and bioassay in mice. In order to accomplish this, 40 free-range chickens from eight farms in neighboring areas to the Pantanal in Nhecolândia, Mato Grosso do Sul, were euthanized and blood samples, brain and heart were collected. The occurrence of anti-T. gondii antibodies found in chickens was 67.5% (27 samples), considering as a cutoff point the dilution 1:5. Among the samples analyzed, 7 (25.9%) were positive in the dilution 1:5, 3 (11.1%) in 1:10, 2 (7.4%) in 1:20, 3 (11.1%) in 1:320, 1 ( 3.7%) in 1:640, 3 (11.1%) in 1:1280, 2 (7.4%) in 1:2560, 4 (14.8%) in 1:5120 and 2 (7.4%) in 1:10.240. From the mixture of tissue samples (brain and heart) from the chickens analyzed, 16 (40%) presented electrophoretic bands compatible with T. gondii by PCR (gene B1). In the comparison of techniques, 59.26% positivity in PCR was revealed among animals that were seropositive in MAT (cutoff 1:5). From 141 inoculated mice, six (4.44%) died of acute toxoplasmosis between 15 and 23 days after inoculation. Surviving mice were sacri iced at 74 days after inoculation, and a total of 28 cysts were found in the brains of 10 distinct groups. From the seropositive hens, 27 bioassays were performed and 11 (40.7%) isolates were obtained. A greater number of isolations happened in mice that were inoculated with tissues from chickens that had high titers for anti-T. gondii antibodies. Chronic infection in mice was observed in nine groups (33.3%) from ive different properties. Among the surviving mice, 25.6% were positive for T. gondii in MAT (1:25). From mice positive in PCR, 87.5% were also positive in MAT. Among the PCR-negative mice, 5.2% were positive for T. gondii in MAT. It can be concluded through this study that the occurrence of infecton by T. gondii in the rural properties studied was high, that PCR directed to gene B1 does not con irm the viability of the parasite, but it can be used as a screening method for the selection of chickens infected by T. gondii, that the animals with titer greater than 10 must be prioritized for the selection of animals for bioassay, since for them, the chances of isolating the parasite are greater and that seroconversion in experimentally infected mice is not a good indicator for isolating the agent.","doi":"10.1590/s0100-736x2012000800007","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7cccd61d1b961c866195416111745a6ea82d67b7","result_position":2,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":25701344,"title":"Comparison of three diagnostic methods for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii in free range chickens.","venue":"Tropical biomedicine","year":2014,"authors":["H. Hamidinejat","Leily Nabavi","M. Mayahi","M. Ghourbanpoor","M. P. Borojeni","S. P. Fard","M. Shokrollahi"],"abstract":null,"doi":"","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c26b2e17e8c02fccf24b43391674cd2652399609","result_position":3,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":251774822,"title":"Toxoplasma gondii in Foods: Prevalence, Control, and Safety","venue":"Foods","year":2022,"authors":["P. Marín-García","Núria Planas","L. Llobat"],"abstract":"Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that causes toxoplasmosis, with approximately one third of the population around the world seropositive. The consumption of contaminated food is the main source of infection. These include meat products with T. gondii tissue cysts, and dairy products with tachyzoites. Recently, contamination has been detected in fresh products with oocysts and marine products. Despite the great health problems that are caused by T. gondii, currently there are no standardized methods for its detection in the food industry. In this review, we analyze the current detection methods, the prevalence of T. gondii in different food products, and the control measures. The main detection methods are bioassays, cell culture, molecular and microscopic techniques, and serological methods, but some of these do not have applicability in the food industry. As a result, emerging techniques are being developed that are aimed at the detection of multiple parasites simultaneously that would make their application more efficient in the industry. Since the prevalence of this parasite is high in many products (meat and milk, marine products, and vegetables), it is necessary to standardize detection methods, as well as implement control measures.","doi":"10.3390/foods11162542","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/858fd223bb8ff490d140205dd5de200b6342b415","result_position":4,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":5312751,"title":"Statistical Evaluation of Test Accuracy Studies for Toxoplasma gondii in Food Animal Intermediate Hosts","venue":"Zoonoses and Public Health","year":2010,"authors":["I. Gardner","M. Greiner","J. Dubey"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1111/j.1863-2378.2009.01281.x","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/95ae1ca312c9123032f53e1a2e7f2da86d3527d2","result_position":5,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":253035094,"title":"Comparison of a Commercial Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) with the Modified Agglutination Test (MAT) for the Detection of Antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in a Cohort of Hunting Dogs","venue":"Animals","year":2022,"authors":["Aicha Yasmine Bellatreche","Riad Bouzid","A. Blaizot","D. Aubert","R. Blaga","K. Ait-Oudhia","D. Le Roux"],"abstract":"Simple Summary Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease that has serious consequences for immunocompromised individuals, in particular for the fetus during primary infection in pregnant women. The parasite responsible, Toxoplasma gondii, can infect all warm-blooded animals, and studies on antibodies against the parasite in their blood can give a good estimate of its burden in the environment and the risk for human infections. This is less studied in dogs than in other animal species, especially in northern African countries, despite evidence that they can be a potential source of human contamination. The study reported here compared two different methods to assess the presence of antibodies against T. gondii in a cohort of hunting dogs from northern Algeria, as these dogs are in close contact with wildlife and humans, in both rural and urban environments. The results of this study show that about 37% of hunting dogs are infected by T. gondii and that both tests can be used for this diagnostic purpose. This work also highlights the importance of this kind of study in companion animals to assess infectious risk of T. gondii for human populations. Abstract Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease, caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, affecting most warm-blooded animals. Assessing the seroprevalence of T. gondii in different animal species gives a good estimate of the global circulation of the parasite and the risk for human infections. However, the seroprevalence of T. gondii in dogs is not studied as much as other species, despite their close contact with wildlife and humans in rural or urban environments and evidence that dogs can also be a potential source for human contaminations. A commercial enzyme-inked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit to detect anti-T. gondii antibodies in sera of hunting dogs potentially naturally infected, was compared to the modified agglutination test (MAT), used as the reference method. The ELISA presented a sensitivity of 76.5% (CI 95%: 60.0–87.6) and a specificity of 87.7% (CI 95%: 76.7–93.9) and a substantial agreement with the MAT for the detection of canine anti-T. gondii antibodies. Both tests can therefore be used widely for epidemiology studies on T. gondii infections in dogs. With a mean seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in hunting dogs from northern Algeria of 36.8% (CI 95%: 34.9–38.7), this study also highlights the importance of T. gondii seroprevalence studies in companion animals to assess infectious risk for human populations.","doi":"10.3390/ani12202813","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bf1ef40aa47e2c4921c7e604dbbc7b38a8c17cf5","result_position":6,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":23595181,"title":"Comparison of a commercial ELISA with the modified agglutination test for detection of Toxoplasma infection in the domestic pig","venue":"","year":2005,"authors":["H. R. Gamblea","J. P. Dubeya","D. N. Lambillotteb"],"abstract":null,"doi":"","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6297b93835513aa4f4333e872378ab34093964f1","result_position":7,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":17861124,"title":"Diagnosis of toxoplasmosis and typing of Toxoplasma gondii","venue":"Parasites & Vectors","year":2015,"authors":["Quan Liu","Zedong Wang","Si-Yang Huang","Xing-Quan Zhu"],"abstract":"Toxoplasmosis, caused by the obligate intracellular protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, is an important zoonosis with medical and veterinary importance worldwide. The disease is mainly contracted by ingesting undercooked or raw meat containing viable tissue cysts, or by ingesting food or water contaminated with oocysts. The diagnosis and genetic characterization of T. gondii infection is crucial for the surveillance, prevention and control of toxoplasmosis. Traditional approaches for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis include etiological, immunological and imaging techniques. Diagnosis of toxoplasmosis has been improved by the emergence of molecular technologies to amplify parasite nucleic acids. Among these, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based molecular techniques have been useful for the genetic characterization of T. gondii. Serotyping methods based on polymorphic polypeptides have the potential to become the choice for typing T. gondii in humans and animals. In this review, we summarize conventional non-DNA-based diagnostic methods, and the DNA-based molecular techniques for the diagnosis and genetic characterization of T. gondii. These techniques have provided foundations for further development of more effective and accurate detection of T. gondii infection. These advances will contribute to an improved understanding of the epidemiology, prevention and control of toxoplasmosis.","doi":"10.1186/s13071-015-0902-6","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/175eb0d63eb1ce5cf3f9dd9cfce8b0b616adc155","result_position":8,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":7736021,"title":"Comparison of indirect fluorescent antibody test and the modified agglutination test for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in stray dogs from Southern Brazil","venue":"Acta Parasitologica","year":2016,"authors":["J. C. Almeida","M. Frehse","I. Navarro","J. L. Garcia","A. Biondo","R. L. Freire"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1515/ap-2016-0097","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f6b44f6d83b92a0f6eb9d8bb7b0b22893bbb967d","result_position":9,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":91754323,"title":"Comparison of tissues (heart vs. brain) and serological tests (MAT, ELISA and IFAT) for detection of Toxoplasma gondii in naturally infected wolverines (Gulo gulo) from the Yukon, Canada","venue":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","year":2019,"authors":["Rajnish Sharma","S. Parker","B. Al-Adhami","N. Bachand","E. Jenkins"],"abstract":"Toxoplasmosis is an important parasitic zoonosis worldwide. Many human and animal surveys use serological assays based on Toxoplasma gondii antibody detection in serum, a matrix that is not routinely available from wildlife. Commonly used serological assays have rarely been validated for use with fluids other than serum, nor validated for their performance in wildlife species. New molecular assays, such as magnetic capture DNA extraction and real-time PCR (MC-qPCR), offer high sensitivity for detection of T. gondii DNA in tissues. The aims of this study were to (1) assess prevalence of T. gondii DNA based on MC-qPCR detection in brain and heart of naturally infected wolverines (Gulo gulo) from the Yukon, Canada (2) compare two matrices [heart fluid (collected from thawed heart) and filter eluate (eluted from blood soaked filter paper)] for antibody detection in the same species, and (3) evaluate the performance of three serological tests [modified agglutination test (MAT), enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT)] to detect naturally infected wolverines as determined by MC-qPCR. DNA of T. gondii was detected in heart and/or brain in 16 of 68 wolverines (24%, 95% CI: 15.0–34.8). Tissue prevalence and infection intensity was higher in heart [16 positives, mediantachyzoites equivalents per gram (TEG) =1221] compared to brain (10 positives, median TEG = 347). Heart fluid (HF) and filter eluates (FE) performed equally well in ELISA and IFAT in terms of relative sensitivity, but HF performed better with MAT. ELISA and IFAT had higher relative sensitivity (94%) and relative specificity (100%) compared to MAT (relative sensitivity 75% and relative specificity 92%). Overall, our findings indicate that the parasite burden in naturally infected wolverines was higher in heart compared to brain, heart fluid performed better than filter paper eluate for serological testing using MAT, and both IFAT and ELISA had higher relative sensitivity, relative specificity, and accuracy compared to MAT.","doi":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2019.e00046","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/46194ec0ca60ddda5f29644a52d496397c2d4657","result_position":10,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":5911703,"title":"New strategy for the survey of Toxoplasma gondii in meat for human consumption.","venue":"Veterinary parasitology","year":2012,"authors":["I. Villena","B. Durand","D. Aubert","R. Blaga","Régine Geers","Myriam Thomas","C. Perret","A. Alliot","S. Escotte-Binet","A. Thébault","P. Boireau","L. Halos"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.08.001","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4bc9dec5933dbc9374347673cf60970417a9ec9b","result_position":11,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":255982889,"title":"Diagnosis of toxoplasmosis and typing of Toxoplasma gondii","venue":"Parasites & Vectors","year":2015,"authors":["Quan Liu","Zedong Wang","Si-Yang Huang","Xing-Quan Zhu"],"abstract":"Toxoplasmosis, caused by the obligate intracellular protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, is an important zoonosis with medical and veterinary importance worldwide. The disease is mainly contracted by ingesting undercooked or raw meat containing viable tissue cysts, or by ingesting food or water contaminated with oocysts. The diagnosis and genetic characterization of T. gondii infection is crucial for the surveillance, prevention and control of toxoplasmosis. Traditional approaches for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis include etiological, immunological and imaging techniques. Diagnosis of toxoplasmosis has been improved by the emergence of molecular technologies to amplify parasite nucleic acids. Among these, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based molecular techniques have been useful for the genetic characterization of T. gondii. Serotyping methods based on polymorphic polypeptides have the potential to become the choice for typing T. gondii in humans and animals. In this review, we summarize conventional non-DNA-based diagnostic methods, and the DNA-based molecular techniques for the diagnosis and genetic characterization of T. gondii. These techniques have provided foundations for further development of more effective and accurate detection of T. gondii infection. These advances will contribute to an improved understanding of the epidemiology, prevention and control of toxoplasmosis.","doi":"10.1186/s13071-015-0902-6","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a74e77187330316ed9424b9cbd32d43ef5b394ea","result_position":12,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":39043606,"title":"Sensitivity and specificity of various serologic tests for detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection in naturally infected sows.","venue":"American Journal of Veterinary Research","year":1995,"authors":["J. Dubey","P. Thulliez","R. Weigel","C. Andrews","P. Lind","E. C. Powell"],"abstract":"The sensitivity and specificity of various serologic tests for antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii were compared in 1,000 naturally exposed sows, using isolation of viable T gondii as the definitive test. Serum samples obtained from heart blood of 1,000 sows from Iowa were examined for T gondii antibodies by use of the modified agglutination test (MAT), latex agglutination test (LAT), indirect hemagglutination test (IHAT), and ELISA. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from 170 hearts of 1,000 sows by bioassays in mice and cats. The percentage of samples diagnosed as positive for each of the serologic tests was: MAT = 22.2% (titer > or = 1:20), IHAT = 6.4% (titer > or = 1:64), LAT = 10.4% (titer > or = 1:64), and ELISA = 24.1% (OD > 0.360). The sensitivity and specificity of these tests were calculated respectively to be: 82.9 and 90.29% for MAT, 29.4 and 98.3% for IHAT, 45.9 and 96.9% for LAT, and 72.9 and 85.9% for ELISA. The dye test was run at 1:20 dilution on only 893 sera because of bacterial contamination and presence of anticomplement substances. Dye test antibodies were found in 17.8% of the sera, and sensitivity and specificity were 54.4 and 90.8%, respectively. Thus, the MAT had the highest sensitivity among all serologic tests used.","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.1995.56.08.1030","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fcf7838951a876eb55846795df53e5d5b87bfe28","result_position":13,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":37695770,"title":"Evaluation of the indirect fluorescent antibody test and modified agglutination test for detection of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in experimentally infected pigs","venue":"","year":2004,"authors":["A. P. Minho","R. L. Freire","O. Vidotto","S. Gennari","E. R. M. Marana","J. L. Garcia","I. Navarro"],"abstract":"The study determined the sensitivity and specificity of the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and modified agglutination test (MAT) for anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibody detection by analyzing sera from 46 experimentally infected pigs. Values for sensitivity were 95.7% (confidence interval 95%: 84.0-99.2%) and for specificity 97.8% (confidence interval 95%: 87.0-99.9%) in both tests. There was an optimum agreement of results between IFAT and MAT evidenced by a Kappa test of 0.86. These results validate these tests for the detection of T. gondii infection in pigs. IFAT and MAT despite methodologies with different characteristics and readings have similar accuracy in pig serum samples.","doi":"10.1590/S0100-736X2004000400005","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a7a294492ff4b46872ca643c905ec7c9b736338a","result_position":14,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":269415905,"title":"Global prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in birds: A systematic review and meta-analysis","venue":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","year":2024,"authors":["Leila Zaki","Meysam Olfatifar","F. Ghaffarifar","Aida Vafae Eslahi","Amir KarimiPourSaryazdi","Ali Taghipour","N. Hamidianfar","Milad Badri","P. Jokelainen"],"abstract":"Among the potential animal reservoirs of the zoonotic parasite T. gondii, birds have received relatively little attention. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the global status and to provide an overview of the epidemiology of T. gondii infection in birds. The standard protocol of preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, ProQuest, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant publications from January 1990, to March 2024. All peer-reviewed original research articles describing the prevalence of T. gondii in birds were included. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, and both direct and indirect detection were considered. The point estimates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using the meta-package in R (version 3.6.1). The variance between studies (heterogeneity) was quantified by the I2 index. Finally, 258 articles (including 380 datasets) were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The global pooled prevalence was 24% (21 - 26%). The highest prevalence of T. gondii was observed in buzzards (52%, 34 - 70%), turkeys (31%, 17 - 46%), and chickens (30%, 26 - 34%). The present study provides a comprehensive view of the global prevalence of T. gondii in birds.","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00350","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/04abdcdab0cd8e8fab353792f263376cb585c331","result_position":15,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":219969630,"title":"Low Prevalence of Antibodies Against Toxoplasma gondii in Chinese Populations","venue":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","year":2020,"authors":["Shilin Xin","Ruijing Su","Nan Jiang","Longxian Zhang","Yurong Yang"],"abstract":"Toxoplasma gondii has been found to infect almost all warm-blooded animals, including humans. In this study, a total of 3,275 human serum samples were collected from hospitals in five provinces of China. About 5.13% (168/3,275) (95% CI, 4.42–5.94) of the serum samples tested positive for T. gondii IgG antibody by a modified agglutination test (MAT) (cut-off: 1:20). Significant associations were detected between geographic location (OR = 1.763), age (OR = 3.072), infertility in women (OR = 2.4409) and T. gondii infection in humans (p < 0.05). To minimize infection, citizens need to be informed about the best practices for toxoplasmosis prevention, including eating well-cooked meat, drinking boiled water, washing vegetables and fruits, and being careful during contact with cats.","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2020.00302","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dc2b97f572ad92af55198e5250575a7d2e636471","result_position":16,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":5850308,"title":"Molecular and Serological Evaluation of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Reared Turkeys in Fars Province, Iran","venue":"Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology","year":2014,"authors":["B. Sarkari","Q. Asgari","Neda Bagherian","Soheil Ashkani- Esfahani","M. Kalantari","I. Mohammadpour","Majid Ashrafmansori","M. Amerinia","F. Sabet Sarvestani"],"abstract":"Background: Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. This parasite infects most of warm-blooded animals, including birds. Turkeys are one of these animals which might be infected by this parasite. Little is known about the prevalence of T. gondii in turkeys in Iran. Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the rate of Toxoplasma infection in turkeys in Fars Province, Southern Iran. Materials and Methods: Sera and tissues (brain, neck and tongue) of 54 turkeys were collected from Shiraz slaughterhouse in Fars province. Anti-Toxoplasma antibodies were assessed in the collected sera using modified agglutination test (MAT), while tissues were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and bioassay methods. Results: T. gondii antibodies (MAT titer: ≥ 1:40) were found in 89.8% of turkeys. T. gondii DNA was detected in 61.6% of turkey tissues and brain had the highest rate of infection. Brain tissues from each animal were bioassayed and Toxoplasma tissue cysts were found in 11.5% and Toxoplasma DNA in 62% of inoculated mice. Conclusions: Results of this study validated a relatively high level of Toxoplasma infection in reared turkeys and turkey meat might be considered as an infection sources for human.","doi":"10.5812/jjm.11598","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7bac1e5ce33850faf59852c285ce4c85df2c8c56","result_position":17,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":146803812,"title":"Toxoplasma gondii in Meat and Food Safety Implications - A Review","venue":"","year":2012,"authors":["S. Bayarri","M. J. Gracia","R. Lázaro","C. Pérez-Arquillué","A. Herrera"],"abstract":"Nevertheless, there are many reasons for foodborne disease remaining a global public health challenge. As some diseases are controlled, others emerge as new threats. New agents of risk have occupied the ecological niche of those on which control pressure has been exerted, replacing the previous ones. The proportions of the population who are elderly, immunosuppressed or otherwise disproportionately susceptible to severe outcomes from foodborne diseases are growing in many countries. Globalization of the food supply has led to the rapid and widespread international distribution of foods. This fundamental fact has motivated a radical change in the modern systems of management of the food safety, forced to the search of new methods of risk assessment, more effective preventive systems, permanent research of new systems of identification of these agents, to the development of the epidemiology applied to the food hygiene and the application of much more effective methods in the complex world of the decision making.","doi":"10.5772/38833","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b2ff8de0ad6d6eb42cecd419b2c46e3d66f3c072","result_position":18,"is_clicked":false}],"string":"[\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 219437449,\n \"title\": \"Comparison of the modified agglutination test and real-time PCR for detection of Toxoplasma gondii exposure in feral cats from Phillip Island, Australia, and risk factors associated with infection\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Katherine Adriaanse\",\n \"S. Firestone\",\n \"Michael Lynch\",\n \"A. Rendall\",\n \"D. Sutherland\",\n \"Jasmin Hufschmid\",\n \"R. Traub\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Toxoplasma gondii is considered a disease risk for many native Australian species. Feral cats are the key definitive host of T. gondii in Australia and therefore, investigating the epidemiology of T. gondii in cat populations is essential to understanding the risk posed to wildlife. Test sensitivity and specificity are poorly defined for diagnostic tests targeting T. gondii in cats and there is a need for validated techniques. This study focused on the feral cat population on Phillip Island, Victoria, Australia. We compared a novel real-time PCR (qPCR) protocol to the modified agglutination test (MAT) and used a Bayesian latent class modelling approach to assess the diagnostic parameters of each assay and estimate the true prevalence of T. gondii in feral cats. In addition, we performed multivariable logistic regression to determine risk factors associated with T. gondii infection in cats. Overall T. gondii prevalence by qPCR and MAT was 79.5% (95% confidence interval 72.6–85.0) and 91.8% (84.6–95.8), respectively. Bayesian modelling estimated the sensitivity and specificity of the MAT as 96.2% (95% credible interval 91.8–98.8) and 82.1% (64.9–93.6), and qPCR as 90.1% (83.6–95.5) and 96.0% (82.1–99.8), respectively. True prevalence of T. gondii infection in feral cats on Phillip Island was estimated as 90.3% (83.2–95.1). Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that T. gondii infection was positively associated with weight and this effect was modified by season. Cats trapped in winter had a high probability of infection, regardless of weight. The present study suggests qPCR applied to tissue is a highly sensitive, specific and logistically feasible tool for T. gondii testing in feral cat populations. Additionally, T. gondii infection is highly prevalent in feral cats on Phillip Island, which may have significant impacts on endemic and introduced marsupial populations.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.05.006\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/37e5c916c895d71d4a72cedf728d3a481207d110\",\n \"result_position\": 0,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 56570499,\n \"title\": \"Comparison of PCR and Serologic Survey for Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis in Sheep\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2015,\n \"authors\": [\n \"R. Shaapan\",\n \"Omnia M Kandil\",\n \"S. Nassar\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Comparative diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep were carried out with PCR and some serological assays using 200 blood and serum samples collected from sheep of different ages and sexes slaughtered in the main abattoir in Cairo and Giza, Egypt. PCR showed the higher prevalence of toxoplasmosis (48.5%) followed by the Modified Agglutination Test (MAT) (45.5%) and the Latex Agglutination Test (LAT) (41.0%), while the lowest prevalence was detected with the Indirect Hem-Agglutination Test (IHAT) (38.5%). When the data of the serological tests were compared with that of the PCR, as a reference test for toxoplasmosis, MAT had the highest sensitivity (95.9%) followed by LAT (90.7%) and the lowest sensitivity by IHAT (80.4%). On the other hand IHAT had the highest specificity (91.3%) followed by MAT (88.3%) and the lowest specificity was by LAT (84.5%). The present study adopt PCR and serological survey of T. gondii antibodies in sheep by using more sensitive and specific antigens prepared from isolated T. gondii local strain and the obtained results suggests that MAT alone or with LAT can be used as a highly sensitive screening test followed by PCR as a specific confirmatory test for diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in sheep. Consequently, the high prevalence of sheep toxoplasmosis detected by this study scopes the public health significance of sheep’s meat as source of human infection.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3923/JP.2015.66.72\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f091b79a87d688ef5647e9645851cf08b2751bcd\",\n \"result_position\": 1,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 43887802,\n \"title\": \"Serologic and molecular diagnostic and bioassay in mice for detection of Toxoplasma gondii in free ranges chickens from Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2012,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Luciane Holsback\",\n \"H. Pena\",\n \"A. Ragozo\",\n \"E. G. Lopes\",\n \"S. Gennari\",\n \"R. Soares\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Holsback L., Pena H.F.J., Ragozo A., Lopes E.G., Gennari S.M. & Soares R.M. 2012. Serologic and molecular diagnostic and bioassay in mice for detection of Toxoplasma gondii in free range chickens from Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32(8):721-726. Setor de Veterinária e Produção Animal, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, Campus Luiz Meneghel, Rodovia BR 369 Km 54, Bandeirantes, PR 86360-000, Brazil. E-mail: lhsfertonani@uenp.edu.br The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii and compare the results obtained in the Modi ied Agglutination Test (MAT), Polimerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and bioassay in mice. In order to accomplish this, 40 free-range chickens from eight farms in neighboring areas to the Pantanal in Nhecolândia, Mato Grosso do Sul, were euthanized and blood samples, brain and heart were collected. The occurrence of anti-T. gondii antibodies found in chickens was 67.5% (27 samples), considering as a cutoff point the dilution 1:5. Among the samples analyzed, 7 (25.9%) were positive in the dilution 1:5, 3 (11.1%) in 1:10, 2 (7.4%) in 1:20, 3 (11.1%) in 1:320, 1 ( 3.7%) in 1:640, 3 (11.1%) in 1:1280, 2 (7.4%) in 1:2560, 4 (14.8%) in 1:5120 and 2 (7.4%) in 1:10.240. From the mixture of tissue samples (brain and heart) from the chickens analyzed, 16 (40%) presented electrophoretic bands compatible with T. gondii by PCR (gene B1). In the comparison of techniques, 59.26% positivity in PCR was revealed among animals that were seropositive in MAT (cutoff 1:5). From 141 inoculated mice, six (4.44%) died of acute toxoplasmosis between 15 and 23 days after inoculation. Surviving mice were sacri iced at 74 days after inoculation, and a total of 28 cysts were found in the brains of 10 distinct groups. From the seropositive hens, 27 bioassays were performed and 11 (40.7%) isolates were obtained. A greater number of isolations happened in mice that were inoculated with tissues from chickens that had high titers for anti-T. gondii antibodies. Chronic infection in mice was observed in nine groups (33.3%) from ive different properties. Among the surviving mice, 25.6% were positive for T. gondii in MAT (1:25). From mice positive in PCR, 87.5% were also positive in MAT. Among the PCR-negative mice, 5.2% were positive for T. gondii in MAT. It can be concluded through this study that the occurrence of infecton by T. gondii in the rural properties studied was high, that PCR directed to gene B1 does not con irm the viability of the parasite, but it can be used as a screening method for the selection of chickens infected by T. gondii, that the animals with titer greater than 10 must be prioritized for the selection of animals for bioassay, since for them, the chances of isolating the parasite are greater and that seroconversion in experimentally infected mice is not a good indicator for isolating the agent.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1590/s0100-736x2012000800007\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7cccd61d1b961c866195416111745a6ea82d67b7\",\n \"result_position\": 2,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 25701344,\n \"title\": \"Comparison of three diagnostic methods for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii in free range chickens.\",\n \"venue\": \"Tropical biomedicine\",\n \"year\": 2014,\n \"authors\": [\n \"H. Hamidinejat\",\n \"Leily Nabavi\",\n \"M. Mayahi\",\n \"M. Ghourbanpoor\",\n \"M. P. Borojeni\",\n \"S. P. Fard\",\n \"M. Shokrollahi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c26b2e17e8c02fccf24b43391674cd2652399609\",\n \"result_position\": 3,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 251774822,\n \"title\": \"Toxoplasma gondii in Foods: Prevalence, Control, and Safety\",\n \"venue\": \"Foods\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"P. Marín-García\",\n \"Núria Planas\",\n \"L. Llobat\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that causes toxoplasmosis, with approximately one third of the population around the world seropositive. The consumption of contaminated food is the main source of infection. These include meat products with T. gondii tissue cysts, and dairy products with tachyzoites. Recently, contamination has been detected in fresh products with oocysts and marine products. Despite the great health problems that are caused by T. gondii, currently there are no standardized methods for its detection in the food industry. In this review, we analyze the current detection methods, the prevalence of T. gondii in different food products, and the control measures. The main detection methods are bioassays, cell culture, molecular and microscopic techniques, and serological methods, but some of these do not have applicability in the food industry. As a result, emerging techniques are being developed that are aimed at the detection of multiple parasites simultaneously that would make their application more efficient in the industry. Since the prevalence of this parasite is high in many products (meat and milk, marine products, and vegetables), it is necessary to standardize detection methods, as well as implement control measures.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/foods11162542\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/858fd223bb8ff490d140205dd5de200b6342b415\",\n \"result_position\": 4,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 5312751,\n \"title\": \"Statistical Evaluation of Test Accuracy Studies for Toxoplasma gondii in Food Animal Intermediate Hosts\",\n \"venue\": \"Zoonoses and Public Health\",\n \"year\": 2010,\n \"authors\": [\n \"I. Gardner\",\n \"M. Greiner\",\n \"J. Dubey\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1111/j.1863-2378.2009.01281.x\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/95ae1ca312c9123032f53e1a2e7f2da86d3527d2\",\n \"result_position\": 5,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 253035094,\n \"title\": \"Comparison of a Commercial Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) with the Modified Agglutination Test (MAT) for the Detection of Antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in a Cohort of Hunting Dogs\",\n \"venue\": \"Animals\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Aicha Yasmine Bellatreche\",\n \"Riad Bouzid\",\n \"A. Blaizot\",\n \"D. Aubert\",\n \"R. Blaga\",\n \"K. Ait-Oudhia\",\n \"D. Le Roux\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Simple Summary Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease that has serious consequences for immunocompromised individuals, in particular for the fetus during primary infection in pregnant women. The parasite responsible, Toxoplasma gondii, can infect all warm-blooded animals, and studies on antibodies against the parasite in their blood can give a good estimate of its burden in the environment and the risk for human infections. This is less studied in dogs than in other animal species, especially in northern African countries, despite evidence that they can be a potential source of human contamination. The study reported here compared two different methods to assess the presence of antibodies against T. gondii in a cohort of hunting dogs from northern Algeria, as these dogs are in close contact with wildlife and humans, in both rural and urban environments. The results of this study show that about 37% of hunting dogs are infected by T. gondii and that both tests can be used for this diagnostic purpose. This work also highlights the importance of this kind of study in companion animals to assess infectious risk of T. gondii for human populations. Abstract Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease, caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, affecting most warm-blooded animals. Assessing the seroprevalence of T. gondii in different animal species gives a good estimate of the global circulation of the parasite and the risk for human infections. However, the seroprevalence of T. gondii in dogs is not studied as much as other species, despite their close contact with wildlife and humans in rural or urban environments and evidence that dogs can also be a potential source for human contaminations. A commercial enzyme-inked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit to detect anti-T. gondii antibodies in sera of hunting dogs potentially naturally infected, was compared to the modified agglutination test (MAT), used as the reference method. The ELISA presented a sensitivity of 76.5% (CI 95%: 60.0–87.6) and a specificity of 87.7% (CI 95%: 76.7–93.9) and a substantial agreement with the MAT for the detection of canine anti-T. gondii antibodies. Both tests can therefore be used widely for epidemiology studies on T. gondii infections in dogs. With a mean seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in hunting dogs from northern Algeria of 36.8% (CI 95%: 34.9–38.7), this study also highlights the importance of T. gondii seroprevalence studies in companion animals to assess infectious risk for human populations.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/ani12202813\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bf1ef40aa47e2c4921c7e604dbbc7b38a8c17cf5\",\n \"result_position\": 6,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 23595181,\n \"title\": \"Comparison of a commercial ELISA with the modified agglutination test for detection of Toxoplasma infection in the domestic pig\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2005,\n \"authors\": [\n \"H. R. Gamblea\",\n \"J. P. Dubeya\",\n \"D. N. Lambillotteb\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6297b93835513aa4f4333e872378ab34093964f1\",\n \"result_position\": 7,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 17861124,\n \"title\": \"Diagnosis of toxoplasmosis and typing of Toxoplasma gondii\",\n \"venue\": \"Parasites & Vectors\",\n \"year\": 2015,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Quan Liu\",\n \"Zedong Wang\",\n \"Si-Yang Huang\",\n \"Xing-Quan Zhu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Toxoplasmosis, caused by the obligate intracellular protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, is an important zoonosis with medical and veterinary importance worldwide. The disease is mainly contracted by ingesting undercooked or raw meat containing viable tissue cysts, or by ingesting food or water contaminated with oocysts. The diagnosis and genetic characterization of T. gondii infection is crucial for the surveillance, prevention and control of toxoplasmosis. Traditional approaches for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis include etiological, immunological and imaging techniques. Diagnosis of toxoplasmosis has been improved by the emergence of molecular technologies to amplify parasite nucleic acids. Among these, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based molecular techniques have been useful for the genetic characterization of T. gondii. Serotyping methods based on polymorphic polypeptides have the potential to become the choice for typing T. gondii in humans and animals. In this review, we summarize conventional non-DNA-based diagnostic methods, and the DNA-based molecular techniques for the diagnosis and genetic characterization of T. gondii. These techniques have provided foundations for further development of more effective and accurate detection of T. gondii infection. These advances will contribute to an improved understanding of the epidemiology, prevention and control of toxoplasmosis.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1186/s13071-015-0902-6\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/175eb0d63eb1ce5cf3f9dd9cfce8b0b616adc155\",\n \"result_position\": 8,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 7736021,\n \"title\": \"Comparison of indirect fluorescent antibody test and the modified agglutination test for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in stray dogs from Southern Brazil\",\n \"venue\": \"Acta Parasitologica\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. C. Almeida\",\n \"M. Frehse\",\n \"I. Navarro\",\n \"J. L. Garcia\",\n \"A. Biondo\",\n \"R. L. Freire\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1515/ap-2016-0097\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f6b44f6d83b92a0f6eb9d8bb7b0b22893bbb967d\",\n \"result_position\": 9,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 91754323,\n \"title\": \"Comparison of tissues (heart vs. brain) and serological tests (MAT, ELISA and IFAT) for detection of Toxoplasma gondii in naturally infected wolverines (Gulo gulo) from the Yukon, Canada\",\n \"venue\": \"Food and Waterborne Parasitology\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Rajnish Sharma\",\n \"S. Parker\",\n \"B. Al-Adhami\",\n \"N. Bachand\",\n \"E. Jenkins\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Toxoplasmosis is an important parasitic zoonosis worldwide. Many human and animal surveys use serological assays based on Toxoplasma gondii antibody detection in serum, a matrix that is not routinely available from wildlife. Commonly used serological assays have rarely been validated for use with fluids other than serum, nor validated for their performance in wildlife species. New molecular assays, such as magnetic capture DNA extraction and real-time PCR (MC-qPCR), offer high sensitivity for detection of T. gondii DNA in tissues. The aims of this study were to (1) assess prevalence of T. gondii DNA based on MC-qPCR detection in brain and heart of naturally infected wolverines (Gulo gulo) from the Yukon, Canada (2) compare two matrices [heart fluid (collected from thawed heart) and filter eluate (eluted from blood soaked filter paper)] for antibody detection in the same species, and (3) evaluate the performance of three serological tests [modified agglutination test (MAT), enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT)] to detect naturally infected wolverines as determined by MC-qPCR. DNA of T. gondii was detected in heart and/or brain in 16 of 68 wolverines (24%, 95% CI: 15.0–34.8). Tissue prevalence and infection intensity was higher in heart [16 positives, mediantachyzoites equivalents per gram (TEG) =1221] compared to brain (10 positives, median TEG = 347). Heart fluid (HF) and filter eluates (FE) performed equally well in ELISA and IFAT in terms of relative sensitivity, but HF performed better with MAT. ELISA and IFAT had higher relative sensitivity (94%) and relative specificity (100%) compared to MAT (relative sensitivity 75% and relative specificity 92%). Overall, our findings indicate that the parasite burden in naturally infected wolverines was higher in heart compared to brain, heart fluid performed better than filter paper eluate for serological testing using MAT, and both IFAT and ELISA had higher relative sensitivity, relative specificity, and accuracy compared to MAT.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.fawpar.2019.e00046\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/46194ec0ca60ddda5f29644a52d496397c2d4657\",\n \"result_position\": 10,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 5911703,\n \"title\": \"New strategy for the survey of Toxoplasma gondii in meat for human consumption.\",\n \"venue\": \"Veterinary parasitology\",\n \"year\": 2012,\n \"authors\": [\n \"I. Villena\",\n \"B. Durand\",\n \"D. Aubert\",\n \"R. Blaga\",\n \"Régine Geers\",\n \"Myriam Thomas\",\n \"C. Perret\",\n \"A. Alliot\",\n \"S. Escotte-Binet\",\n \"A. Thébault\",\n \"P. Boireau\",\n \"L. Halos\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.08.001\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4bc9dec5933dbc9374347673cf60970417a9ec9b\",\n \"result_position\": 11,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 255982889,\n \"title\": \"Diagnosis of toxoplasmosis and typing of Toxoplasma gondii\",\n \"venue\": \"Parasites & Vectors\",\n \"year\": 2015,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Quan Liu\",\n \"Zedong Wang\",\n \"Si-Yang Huang\",\n \"Xing-Quan Zhu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Toxoplasmosis, caused by the obligate intracellular protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, is an important zoonosis with medical and veterinary importance worldwide. The disease is mainly contracted by ingesting undercooked or raw meat containing viable tissue cysts, or by ingesting food or water contaminated with oocysts. The diagnosis and genetic characterization of T. gondii infection is crucial for the surveillance, prevention and control of toxoplasmosis. Traditional approaches for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis include etiological, immunological and imaging techniques. Diagnosis of toxoplasmosis has been improved by the emergence of molecular technologies to amplify parasite nucleic acids. Among these, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based molecular techniques have been useful for the genetic characterization of T. gondii. Serotyping methods based on polymorphic polypeptides have the potential to become the choice for typing T. gondii in humans and animals. In this review, we summarize conventional non-DNA-based diagnostic methods, and the DNA-based molecular techniques for the diagnosis and genetic characterization of T. gondii. These techniques have provided foundations for further development of more effective and accurate detection of T. gondii infection. These advances will contribute to an improved understanding of the epidemiology, prevention and control of toxoplasmosis.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1186/s13071-015-0902-6\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a74e77187330316ed9424b9cbd32d43ef5b394ea\",\n \"result_position\": 12,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 39043606,\n \"title\": \"Sensitivity and specificity of various serologic tests for detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection in naturally infected sows.\",\n \"venue\": \"American Journal of Veterinary Research\",\n \"year\": 1995,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Dubey\",\n \"P. Thulliez\",\n \"R. Weigel\",\n \"C. Andrews\",\n \"P. Lind\",\n \"E. C. Powell\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The sensitivity and specificity of various serologic tests for antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii were compared in 1,000 naturally exposed sows, using isolation of viable T gondii as the definitive test. Serum samples obtained from heart blood of 1,000 sows from Iowa were examined for T gondii antibodies by use of the modified agglutination test (MAT), latex agglutination test (LAT), indirect hemagglutination test (IHAT), and ELISA. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from 170 hearts of 1,000 sows by bioassays in mice and cats. The percentage of samples diagnosed as positive for each of the serologic tests was: MAT = 22.2% (titer > or = 1:20), IHAT = 6.4% (titer > or = 1:64), LAT = 10.4% (titer > or = 1:64), and ELISA = 24.1% (OD > 0.360). The sensitivity and specificity of these tests were calculated respectively to be: 82.9 and 90.29% for MAT, 29.4 and 98.3% for IHAT, 45.9 and 96.9% for LAT, and 72.9 and 85.9% for ELISA. The dye test was run at 1:20 dilution on only 893 sera because of bacterial contamination and presence of anticomplement substances. Dye test antibodies were found in 17.8% of the sera, and sensitivity and specificity were 54.4 and 90.8%, respectively. Thus, the MAT had the highest sensitivity among all serologic tests used.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.2460/ajvr.1995.56.08.1030\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fcf7838951a876eb55846795df53e5d5b87bfe28\",\n \"result_position\": 13,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 37695770,\n \"title\": \"Evaluation of the indirect fluorescent antibody test and modified agglutination test for detection of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in experimentally infected pigs\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2004,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. P. Minho\",\n \"R. L. Freire\",\n \"O. Vidotto\",\n \"S. Gennari\",\n \"E. R. M. Marana\",\n \"J. L. Garcia\",\n \"I. Navarro\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The study determined the sensitivity and specificity of the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and modified agglutination test (MAT) for anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibody detection by analyzing sera from 46 experimentally infected pigs. Values for sensitivity were 95.7% (confidence interval 95%: 84.0-99.2%) and for specificity 97.8% (confidence interval 95%: 87.0-99.9%) in both tests. There was an optimum agreement of results between IFAT and MAT evidenced by a Kappa test of 0.86. These results validate these tests for the detection of T. gondii infection in pigs. IFAT and MAT despite methodologies with different characteristics and readings have similar accuracy in pig serum samples.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1590/S0100-736X2004000400005\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a7a294492ff4b46872ca643c905ec7c9b736338a\",\n \"result_position\": 14,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 269415905,\n \"title\": \"Global prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in birds: A systematic review and meta-analysis\",\n \"venue\": \"Parasite Epidemiology and Control\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Leila Zaki\",\n \"Meysam Olfatifar\",\n \"F. Ghaffarifar\",\n \"Aida Vafae Eslahi\",\n \"Amir KarimiPourSaryazdi\",\n \"Ali Taghipour\",\n \"N. Hamidianfar\",\n \"Milad Badri\",\n \"P. Jokelainen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Among the potential animal reservoirs of the zoonotic parasite T. gondii, birds have received relatively little attention. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the global status and to provide an overview of the epidemiology of T. gondii infection in birds. The standard protocol of preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, ProQuest, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant publications from January 1990, to March 2024. All peer-reviewed original research articles describing the prevalence of T. gondii in birds were included. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, and both direct and indirect detection were considered. The point estimates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using the meta-package in R (version 3.6.1). The variance between studies (heterogeneity) was quantified by the I2 index. Finally, 258 articles (including 380 datasets) were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The global pooled prevalence was 24% (21 - 26%). The highest prevalence of T. gondii was observed in buzzards (52%, 34 - 70%), turkeys (31%, 17 - 46%), and chickens (30%, 26 - 34%). The present study provides a comprehensive view of the global prevalence of T. gondii in birds.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00350\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/04abdcdab0cd8e8fab353792f263376cb585c331\",\n \"result_position\": 15,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 219969630,\n \"title\": \"Low Prevalence of Antibodies Against Toxoplasma gondii in Chinese Populations\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Shilin Xin\",\n \"Ruijing Su\",\n \"Nan Jiang\",\n \"Longxian Zhang\",\n \"Yurong Yang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Toxoplasma gondii has been found to infect almost all warm-blooded animals, including humans. In this study, a total of 3,275 human serum samples were collected from hospitals in five provinces of China. About 5.13% (168/3,275) (95% CI, 4.42–5.94) of the serum samples tested positive for T. gondii IgG antibody by a modified agglutination test (MAT) (cut-off: 1:20). Significant associations were detected between geographic location (OR = 1.763), age (OR = 3.072), infertility in women (OR = 2.4409) and T. gondii infection in humans (p < 0.05). To minimize infection, citizens need to be informed about the best practices for toxoplasmosis prevention, including eating well-cooked meat, drinking boiled water, washing vegetables and fruits, and being careful during contact with cats.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fcimb.2020.00302\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dc2b97f572ad92af55198e5250575a7d2e636471\",\n \"result_position\": 16,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 5850308,\n \"title\": \"Molecular and Serological Evaluation of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Reared Turkeys in Fars Province, Iran\",\n \"venue\": \"Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology\",\n \"year\": 2014,\n \"authors\": [\n \"B. Sarkari\",\n \"Q. Asgari\",\n \"Neda Bagherian\",\n \"Soheil Ashkani- Esfahani\",\n \"M. Kalantari\",\n \"I. Mohammadpour\",\n \"Majid Ashrafmansori\",\n \"M. Amerinia\",\n \"F. Sabet Sarvestani\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Background: Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. This parasite infects most of warm-blooded animals, including birds. Turkeys are one of these animals which might be infected by this parasite. Little is known about the prevalence of T. gondii in turkeys in Iran. Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the rate of Toxoplasma infection in turkeys in Fars Province, Southern Iran. Materials and Methods: Sera and tissues (brain, neck and tongue) of 54 turkeys were collected from Shiraz slaughterhouse in Fars province. Anti-Toxoplasma antibodies were assessed in the collected sera using modified agglutination test (MAT), while tissues were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and bioassay methods. Results: T. gondii antibodies (MAT titer: ≥ 1:40) were found in 89.8% of turkeys. T. gondii DNA was detected in 61.6% of turkey tissues and brain had the highest rate of infection. Brain tissues from each animal were bioassayed and Toxoplasma tissue cysts were found in 11.5% and Toxoplasma DNA in 62% of inoculated mice. Conclusions: Results of this study validated a relatively high level of Toxoplasma infection in reared turkeys and turkey meat might be considered as an infection sources for human.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5812/jjm.11598\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7bac1e5ce33850faf59852c285ce4c85df2c8c56\",\n \"result_position\": 17,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 146803812,\n \"title\": \"Toxoplasma gondii in Meat and Food Safety Implications - A Review\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2012,\n \"authors\": [\n \"S. Bayarri\",\n \"M. J. Gracia\",\n \"R. Lázaro\",\n \"C. Pérez-Arquillué\",\n \"A. Herrera\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Nevertheless, there are many reasons for foodborne disease remaining a global public health challenge. As some diseases are controlled, others emerge as new threats. New agents of risk have occupied the ecological niche of those on which control pressure has been exerted, replacing the previous ones. The proportions of the population who are elderly, immunosuppressed or otherwise disproportionately susceptible to severe outcomes from foodborne diseases are growing in many countries. Globalization of the food supply has led to the rapid and widespread international distribution of foods. This fundamental fact has motivated a radical change in the modern systems of management of the food safety, forced to the search of new methods of risk assessment, more effective preventive systems, permanent research of new systems of identification of these agents, to the development of the epidemiology applied to the food hygiene and the application of much more effective methods in the complex world of the decision making.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5772/38833\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b2ff8de0ad6d6eb42cecd419b2c46e3d66f3c072\",\n \"result_position\": 18,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":80,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"The Hebrew alphabet, in which additional letters were added, for example, to make it 24 letters or 27. Are there any examples of Jewish scholars or sages in the Middle Ages or antiquity expanding the regular Hebrew alphabet of 22 letters to a larger size (for example, for symbolic purposes)?"},"query_timestamp":{"kind":"string","value":"2025-07-21T13:56:12.065044+00:00"},"thread_id":{"kind":"string","value":"f94085e0e48baed97c12c16a3c1bfc1f12fe0d8f5ca252bd63052d7ed75db353"},"num_shown":{"kind":"number","value":28,"string":"28"},"num_clicked":{"kind":"number","value":0,"string":"0"},"has_clicks":{"kind":"bool","value":false,"string":"false"},"shown_papers":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"corpus_id":54905852,"title":"Emergence of a New Written Culture: The use of Hebrew script among the Krimchaks and the Karaim","venue":"","year":2017,"authors":["Zsuzsanna Olach"],"abstract":"Conversion to a religion usually has a positive impact on the written culture of a given community. The conversion may or may not result in the adoption of a new writing system. In the Turkic world, we find examples for both cases. The Karaims, by their conversion into Karaitism, adopted the Hebrew script. They used the Hebrew alphabet up till the beginning of the 20th century in their everyday life for writing; for example, private letters and secular and religious texts in Karaim. Another Turkic speaking group, the heterogeneous Rabbanite community of Krimchaks (whose majority is of Sephardic origin) also used the Hebrew script to write their vernacular. Some characteristics of the writing systems of the Karaim and of the Krimchaks have been described, but no comparative research has thus far been carried out. In this study, the peculiarities of the Hebrew alphabet used by both Turkic speaking peoples will be discussed and illustrated. For instance, the new characters, which were introduced in order to indicate specific Turkic phonetic values, and the ways the same Hebrew vowel sign or letter is used in the different Krimchak and Karaim manuscripts.","doi":"10.15388/AOV.2016.13.10638","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dd4fd880288fe6a6c0e40a6f151e4fd26da6148c","result_position":0,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":192460929,"title":"Historicized Composition and Creative Ethnomusicology","venue":"Revista Vortex","year":2013,"authors":["D. Biró"],"abstract":"This paper investigates relationship between compositional and ethnomusicological research. The method of historicized composition developed out of my work as a chant scholar, as ongoing ethnomusicological research has had a profound influence on my compositional work. Understanding and underscoring historical and phenomenological relationships between music and language, the act of composition becomes a creative discovery of relationships between musical material and music history.","doi":"10.33871/23179937.2013.1.1.367","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/53e9bc12cd1eaa104b3fd8f450aee5a6e067232b","result_position":1,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":271581049,"title":"Latinization Projects in Karaite and Jewish Linguistic Environment in 20th Century Poland and Lithuania","venue":"Journal of Eurasian studies","year":2024,"authors":["Dovilė Troskovaitė"],"abstract":"The rise of nationalism and modernization encouraged the emergence of a range of language reforms within different ethnic groups. One of the most widespread was the idea of Latinization, which emerged in Ottoman Empire, Caucasus, and Jewish groups in Europe in the beginning of the 20th century. The reform swept through those regions and effected many linguistic communities in different countries. The article aims to discuss the Latinization projects in Karaite and Jewish Rabbanite communities and the impact of other Latinization reforms for these communities. The implemented research has shown that Latinization projects in Jewish communities were a part of a bigger movement. And, despite of different motivations, that drove these reforms in Karaite and Jewish Rabbanite communities, we can trace the impact of the Turkish language reforms in both projects.","doi":"10.1177/18793665241267990","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a5566fa35620b443888fb6b9e5836b9407bd3e43","result_position":2,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":149811862,"title":"Muhammad, the Jews, and the Composition of the Qur’an: Sacred History and Counter-History","venue":"Religions","year":2019,"authors":["Reuven Firestone"],"abstract":"According to Islamic religious teachings, some Jews confirmed the authenticity of Muhammad’s prophethood and joined him. Most Jews, however, are condemned for both rejecting the Prophet and failing to live up to their own religious imperatives. Medieval polemics tended to be harsh and belligerent, but while Muslims and Christians produced polemics under the protection and encouragement of their own religious and political authorities, Jews lived everywhere as minority communities and therefore lacked such protection. In order to maintain their own sense of dignity Jews polemicized as well, but they had to be subtle in argument. One form of polemic produced by Jews and other subalterns is “counter-history,” which retells well-known narratives in a manner that questions or undermines their message. One such counter-history is an ancient Jewish re-telling of the traditional Muslim narrative of divine revelation.","doi":"10.3390/REL10010063","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f37ff22e8c8261159d72a7f9bdb7f91d788db2fa","result_position":3,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":73648827,"title":"Michael Scot and the Four Rainbows","venue":"","year":2017,"authors":["Tony C. Scott"],"abstract":"We apply a physical and historical analysis to a passage by the medieval scholar Michael Scot concerning multiple rainbows, a meteorological phenomenon whose existence has only been acknowledged in recent history. We survey various types of physical models to best decipher Scot’s description of four parallel rainbows as well as a linguistic analysis of Scot’s special etymology. The conclusions have implications on Scot’s whereabouts at the turn of the 13th century.","doi":"10.24117/2526-2270.2017.I2.18","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2cae10bd8e0e0d5f45e459b160c67146382f9ca6","result_position":4,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":67759588,"title":"SINE MATRE CREATA : THE PROMETHEAN URGE IN THE HISTORY OF THE HUMAN BODY IN THE WEST","venue":"","year":2012,"authors":["L. Montiel"],"abstract":"Since the beginning of modernity there has been an observable tendency in Western thought to consider the human body as susceptible of technical manipulation, to the extreme of conceiving the possibility of manufacturing it. The figures of the homunculus and the automaton, the heirs of the Golem, represent the clearest embodiment of this aspiration. This paper explores the psychology underlying this plan, based on the psychological theory of C.G. Jung, and developed more recently by J. Hillman, on the hypothesis that the plan involves the denial of the feminine and, therefore, of the more truly psychological aspects of humanity, in the name of a unilaterally rationalistic and materialistic worldview. From the viewpoint of the authors mentioned, the mythicalpsychological reference capable of providing the fundamental key to this project would be Prometheus.","doi":"10.3989/asclepio.2013.01","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/521e56a05699d09f6fdf518a0271cea0d2593c51","result_position":5,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":165023585,"title":"Jewish Studies: Are They Ethnic?","venue":"","year":1989,"authors":["H. Adelman"],"abstract":"Introduction The history of Jewish studies has not yet been written. Scholars engaged in this field, however, are beginning to subj ect it to searching analysis. Pertinent articles have appeared that offer two extreme positions on the development of Jewish studies: one sees the increase in Jewish studies as the result of heightened Jewish self-awareness during the late 1960s because of the Six Day War, growing interest in the Holocaust, and the influence of rising black and ethnic consciousnesses that resulted in the establishment of academic programs. The other, usually a reaction to the first view, argues that the study of Hebraic a and Judaica has held an ancient and honorable place in the traditional university curriculum. The purpose of this paper is to trace the history of Jewish studies, by which is meant the critical study ofthe history, literature, and thought of the Jewish people since the biblical period, and to indicate some of the features that undermine both of the positions mentioned above. Thus it will be demonstrated that the status of Hebraica and Judaica has not always been ancient or honorable and that the field has roots other than the consciousness-raising events of the late 1 960s. These observations are offered with the hope that an outline of the development of Jewish studies will suggest interdisciplinary discussion about the origins and development of other fields of study. When suggesting a comparison of different fields it is hoped a level of discourse can be established that transcends the use of comparison as a foil for elaborating the strengths of one's own predilections. It is for this reason that ethnic studies cannot be narrowly defined but must be discussed in the general sense of any field which attempts to study a particular community, often one neglected by the general curriculum. Jewish studies are ethnic, and considering them as such is necessary not only for purpose of obtaining cooperation from administrators and mutual support of colleagues, but also for the creation of academically sound disciplinary and methodolog ical approaches.","doi":"10.1525/EES.1989.12.1.1","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/851cb9b830ed6e9696cde006ecb82daf632bde5c","result_position":6,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":216144740,"title":"Transliteration of Judeo-Arabic Texts into Arabic Script Using Recurrent Neural Networks","venue":"Workshop on Arabic Natural Language Processing","year":2020,"authors":["N. Dershowitz","Ori Terner"],"abstract":"We trained a model to automatically transliterate Judeo-Arabic texts into Arabic script, enabling Arabic readers to access those writings. We employ a recurrent neural network (RNN), combined with the connectionist temporal classification (CTC) loss to deal with unequal input/output lengths. This obligates adjustments in the training data to avoid input sequences that are shorter than their corresponding outputs. We also utilize a pretraining stage with a different loss function to improve network converge. Since only a single source of parallel text was available for training, we take advantage of the possibility of generating data synthetically. We train a model that has the capability to memorize words in the output language, and that also utilizes context for distinguishing ambiguities in the transliteration. We obtain an improvement over the baseline 9.5% character error, achieving 2% error with our best configuration. To measure the contribution of context to learning, we also tested word-shuffled data, for which the error rises to 2.5%.","doi":"","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a5d007d651ca41ca1ebb97188b123685ad590ff4","result_position":7,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":213959661,"title":"Sonic Rhetorics as Ethics in Action: Hidden Temporalities of Sound in Language(s)","venue":"Humanities","year":2020,"authors":["S. Katz"],"abstract":"Sonic rhetorics has become a major area of study in the field of rhetoric, as well as composition and literature. Many of the underlying theories of sonic rhetorics are based on post-Heideggerian philosophy, new materialism, and/or posthumanism, among others. What is perhaps similar across these theories of sonic rhetoric is their “turn” from language and the human in general. This short essay explores sonic rhetorics by examining three temporal dimensions found in language. Specifically, the essay focuses on the more obvious sonic dimensions of time in prosody, and then at deeper levels temporal dimensions in a couple of brief but revealing examples from ancient languages (classical Greek, and Biblical Hebrew). Further, this essay suggests some ways in which time is related to ethics in practice and action. For example, just as time is involved in the continuous creation of our increasingly vast, expanding, infinite but bounded universe, Levinas might say that time is necessary to create the ethical space, or perhaps “hypostasis,” one needs for the possibility to encounter “l’autre”—the Other. Beyond prosody, propriety, even kairos, are hidden temporal dimensions of language that may render sonic rhetorics forms of ethical practice.","doi":"10.3390/h9010013","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4f8b7487840c4aceaa018eefd749d50bae6496f1","result_position":8,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":244738030,"title":"David as Warrior, Leader, and Poet in Medieval Hebrew Poetry of al-Andalus","venue":"The Character of David in Judaism, Christianity and Islam","year":2021,"authors":["Barbara Gryczan"],"abstract":"Shmuel ha-Nagid (993–1056) was one of the most influential Jewish dignitaries and intellectuals of al-Andalus as well as a prominent figure of the social and cultural phenomenon known as the convivencia.1 The convivencia refers to a period of relative tolerance and harmonic coexistence of the three monotheistic cultures under the Muslim rule in the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Ages. Scholars of Jewish studies conventionally call it “the Golden Age” to convey the idea of a period of remarkable, unprecedented flourishing of Jewish culture from the tenth to the mid-twelfth centuries.2 The unique historical and political circumstances of the time allowed the Iberian Jewish population to establish prosperous and stable communities, headed by influential, intellectual elites. Once the two powerful players in the game – the Muslim and the Christian empires – established relatively stable geographic boundaries and began, at least for a while, to strive for peace, a space for a third party emerged and thus Jewish contributions came to be valued by both sides. Given that the Jews, an ethnic and religious group deprived of state and land, were perceived both as a neutral party in the local conflicts and also as a group open to ‘civilising’ influences of the larger empires, Jews","doi":"10.1163/9789004465978_007","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c6bbe372d03fea52958135a20b3749fb6be18d6b","result_position":9,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":133320848,"title":"Sourcebook in the Mathematics of Medieval Europe and North Africa edited by Victor Katz","venue":"Aestimatio: Sources and Studies in the History of Science","year":2021,"authors":["Anuj Misra"],"abstract":"The Sourcebook in the Mathematics of Medieval Europe and North Africa brings together a selection of mathematical writings in Latin, Hebrew, and Arabic from medieval Europe and North Africa (the Maghreb). At the very outset, it offers its readers an opportunity to survey briefly the mathematical contributions of scholars writing in different languages, at different times, and in different places across the intellectual geography of the medieval West.\nReviewed by: Anuj Misra,\nPublished Online (2021-08-31)Copyright © 2021 by Anuj MisraThis open access publication is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (CC BY-NC-ND)\nArticle PDF Link: https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/aestimatio/article/view/37720/28724\nCorresponding Author: Anuj Misra,University of CopenhagenE-Mail: anuj.misra@hum.ku.dk","doi":"10.33137/aestimatio.v2i1.37720","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/29e28d39b8abf59803857441b9b9fa5d2282c96b","result_position":10,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":237746078,"title":"Giqatilla’s Philosophical Poems on the Hebrew Vowels: Poetry, Philosophy, and Theology in Giqatilla’s Ginnat Egoz and Sefer ha-Niqqud","venue":"Religions","year":2021,"authors":["Federico Dal Bo"],"abstract":"In the present paper, I will examine Yosef ben Abraham Giqatilla’s philosophical poems on the Hebrew vowels that are included in his three early works on “punctuation:” the third section from the larger Ginnat Egoz (“The Nut Garden”), the longer version of Sefer ha-Niqqud (“The Book of Punctuation”), and a short version of the latter. Scholarship on the chronology of these three texts has been inconclusive. I will argue that a textual comparison of Giqatilla’s philosophical poems and an analysis of their paratextual function allow for a solution, and therefore a possible chronology of their composition.","doi":"10.3390/REL12070554","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cc75c9baec1422a81b0e814213e6844509cc9117","result_position":11,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":271329605,"title":"Citation network analysis for viewpoint plurality assessment of historical corpora: The case of the medieval rabbinic literature","venue":"PLoS ONE","year":2024,"authors":["N. Ben-Gigi","M. Zhitomirsky-Geffet","Binyamin Katzoff","Jonathan Schler"],"abstract":"Citation networks enable analysis of author groups, defining in-group dynamics, and mapping out inter-group relationships. While intellectual diversity and inclusiveness is one of the important principles of modern scholarship, it is intriguing to explore the extent to which these principles apply to historical communities of leaders and intellectuals. This paper introduces a novel methodological framework aimed at assessing the degree of viewpoint plurality and diversity of historical scholarship communities, through an in-depth analysis of the citations used in their literature, which has become possible due to the recently developed advanced computational analysis techniques. To achieve this goal, we have devised a set of new network-based indicators grounded in standard network metrics. These indicators can be applied at both the individual author and community levels. The developed methodology was applied to a citation network automatically constructed from a corpus of Rabbinic Halachic literature spanning the 10th to 15th centuries. This corpus includes over 5,000 citations from hundreds of books authored by approximately 140 Rabbinic scholars from six diverse geographic communities. We found that most of the authors and communities cite many more external resources from other communities than their own reflecting a willingness to engage with a diverse range of viewpoints. A more in-depth analysis based on the novel proportional diversity measures unveils more intriguing insights. Contrary to expectations, communities with the greatest number of external citations, such as Spain and Ashkenaz, surprisingly exhibit lower levels of viewpoint plurality compared to others, such as Italy and North Africa, elucidating a key finding of the study.","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0307115","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/669c9ae8263b6fd2400c99740808866b9b015b31","result_position":12,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":193602060,"title":"The “Book of Enoch”, the Angelic Alphabet and the “Real Cabbala” in the Angelic Conferences of John Dee (1527–1608/9)","venue":"","year":2007,"authors":["Martin Findell"],"abstract":"D espite the wide range ofhis scholarly interests, John Dee is probably best known (at least in the popular imagination) for a series of seances or magicai \"actions\" conducted during the 1580s and possibly earlier, in which he believed himselfto have established contact with angels. The angels entrusted him with esoteric truths in order that he might play a crucial role in the coming Apocalypse and the subsequent redemption of mankind. Vital to this project was the revelation of a holy book written in a previously unknown language (supposedly the language of the angels and of Adam), as well as a magicai alphabet into which the text of the book was to be transcribed. The book was supposed to contain prophecy, the interpretation of which would restare human knowledge to the state from which it had fallen over the course ofhuman history. Dee kept meticulous records of his actions, some of which were published by Meric Casaubon in the mid-seventeenth century (Dee, 1659), probably with the intention of discrediting Dee as either a conjurar of demons or the dupe of his medium, the disreputable Edward Kelley (French, 1972:4-19). Diaries covering an earlier period (March 1582-May 1583) were subsequently discovered hidden in a chest along with several other works, and eventually carne into the possession of Elias Ashmole (1617-1692) (Harkness, 1996:717-718; Peterson, 2003:48-49). These are bound in Sloane MS. 3188, an edition of which was recently published by Joseph Peterson (2003). The present discussion is based primarily on this manuscript, as it is here that Dee relates the revelation of the \"angelic book\" and the first part of its contents (the remainder, written up by Kelley ata later date, is in Sloane MS. 3189). A series of prophetic \"calls\" known as the 48 Claues angelicce (Sloane MS. 3191) form a further important source of material in the angelic language. Because the Claues are accompanied by an English gloss, they seem to offer a key to the mysterious language of the angels, and have consequently been of particular interest to la ter generations of magicians (Magickal Review website ). Donald Laycock' s ( 1994) \"dictionary\" of angelic words and their English equivalents is based exclusively on the Claues angelicce, rather than on any analysis of the unglossed material. It is not my intention here to fill this gap by analysing the angelic text in detail, and I restrict my comments about the language to the first part of the \"angelic book\". The early text is of especial interest because it differs in nature from the later material (i. e., the contents of Sloane MS. 3189) and reveals the process of development of the work. This","doi":"10.1080/02674971.2007.11827175","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4254dc3e47d04429b0d835fcedc0174672032b47","result_position":13,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":162208213,"title":"The Pronunciation of Hebrew in the Western Sephardic Settlements (XVIth-XXth Centuries). First Part: Early Modern Venice and Ferrara (1)","venue":"","year":2006,"authors":["Aron di Leone Leoni"],"abstract":"In or around 1552, Isac Cavallero in Venice and Yomtob Atias in Ferrara published various Spanish translations of the Hebrew prayer-book. Almost at the same time in Ferrara, Abraham Usque produced some new vulgarizations of the Hebrew ritual. These works were conceived mainly for the former Marranos who had embraced the Jewish religion but were still unfamiliar with Hebrew. In order to enable them to recite at least a part of the most important prayers, the authors of these vulgarizations transliterated into Latin characters some passages of different prayers and blessings. These translations of the prayer-book were repeatedly reprinted throughout the following centuries in Venice, Amsterdam and in several North-European cities. The subsequent editions followed very closely the pattern of the Ferrara prototypes, however several re-issues bore different additions. Of particular interest are the transliterations of new and wider passages from various prayers and hymns. By carrying on an extensive graphematic analysis of these prayer-books as well as of other texts such as grammar-books, registers of the deliberations of the Sephardic communities, notarial deeds and other documents, it was possible to ascertain the features of the Sephardi pronunciation in the early modern communities of Venice and Ferrara and in the West-European settlements. The main differences and analogies between the Sephardi, the Judeo-Italian and the Ashkenazi pronunciation were also examined. Special attention has been paid to the consonant 'Ayin which, in the 16th century, had a phonetic value equal to zero or tending to zero.","doi":"10.3989/SEFARAD.2006.V66.I1.425","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1adf5247460b19aeb9e39992f98bbc6d84c7c708","result_position":14,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":160676028,"title":"Texto halájico pre-exílico en aljamía hebraico-castellana de la Guenizá de El Cairo por R. Jacob Campantón","venue":"","year":2013,"authors":["Dotan Arad","Shmuel Glick"],"abstract":"This article brings to light a unique responsum preserved in the Taylor-Schechter Cairo Genizah collection. Though it does expound upon the halakhic and historic content of the responsum, these do not introduce many innovations, and are not the source of its uniqueness. The singularity of the document is that the text, written in Hebrew letters, is in Castilian vernacular with words and expressions in Hebrew. Whereas in Islamic lands a tradition of halakhic writing in Judeo-Arabic developed (until its disappearance in the late Middle Ages), halakhic writings in a language other than Hebrew or Aramaic were rare in Europe. The responsum was composed, in our estimation, in the 15th century, and is one of relatively few written in Spain in this period that have been preserved. The responsum enriches our knowledge of the language of the Jews while still in the Peninsula, and also sheds light on their religious and cultural life. It was authored by R. Jacob Ca[n]-panton, whom we suggest is the father of the well-known scholar R. Isaac Canpanton. Information on R. Jacob is limited, and until now there were no known halakhic writings of his. If our identification is correct, it serves to illuminate further the personality of this Jewish sage.","doi":"10.3989/SEFARAD.013.013","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/abdeb7f6354dbbd0e4f17d88a5dca56ba5cda916","result_position":15,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":59490680,"title":"Language of the Old Testament: Biblical Hebrew \"The Holy Tongue\"","venue":"","year":2015,"authors":["L. E. Ugwueye"],"abstract":"Some kind of familiarity with the structure and thought pattern of biblical Hebrew language enhances translation and improved ways of working with the language needed by students of Old Testament. That what the authors of the Scripture say also has meaning for us today is not in doubt but they did not express themselves primarily for us or in our language, and so it requires training on our part to understand them in their own language. The features of biblical Hebrew as combined in the language’s use of imagery and picturesque description of things are of huge assistance in this training exercise for a better operational knowledge of the language and meaning of Hebrew Scripture. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v4n1p129","doi":"10.5901/MJSS.2015.V4N1P129","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bcc0cfad809bf68930c3e593b4b4c70043fbe2f7","result_position":16,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":148981692,"title":"Correlation between phonological and morphological awareness and the reading of punctuated and non-punctuated words in Arabic as first language and Hebrew as second language","venue":"","year":2017,"authors":["Saied Bishara","Itzhak Weiss"],"abstract":"Abstract Phonological and morphological awareness and its correlation with reading punctuated and non-punctuated words in Arabic as a first language were examined, as well as its transfer to Hebrew as a second language. Research participants were 30 fourth grade pupils. Phonological awareness was examined by phonological decoding of actual and meaningless words. Morphological awareness was examined by morphological production and distinguishing morphological relationships. Participants read punctuated, non-punctuated, and meaningless words. Findings supported hypotheses: phonological awareness and reading words in Arabic positively correlated with phonological awareness and reading words in Hebrew and morphological awareness in both languages correlated with accuracy and speed of reading punctuated and non-punctuated words in Hebrew. Research findings have practical implications for the reading curriculum in both languages.","doi":"10.1080/2331186X.2017.1322028","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/22eb83bc03ddf60487ad0bdc951d0e214f3a7e59","result_position":17,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":234381752,"title":"The Characters (Χαρακτῆρες) of the Glagolitic Alphabet: New Light on an Old Puzzle","venue":"Slavistica Vilnensis","year":2020,"authors":["R. Mathiesen"],"abstract":"The article calls attention to a neglected source for the over-all “look and feel” of the Glagolitic alphabet as it was first created by Constantine the Philosopher circa 863 ad. This source is the variant forms of the Greek and other alphabets (including Hebrew and Arabic) that consist of so-called Brillenbuchstabe (otherwise charactères à lunettes or ring-letters). These variant alphabets were employed chiefly for esoteric purposes, including astrological and magical ones. Because of their limited use, they have largely been overlooked in standard handbooks of Greek and Oriental paleography. An interest in such subjects as astrology and magic comports poorly with routine assumptions about the inner lives of Medieval Saints such as Constantine. Relying on the extant primary sources for Constantine’s life, however, the article shows that his education, interests and mystical inclinations make a familiarity with some of these esoteric alphabets virtually certain. Thus it is historically plausible that such alphabets were among the inspirations for the general style, that is, the “look and feel”, of the letters of Constantine’s original glagolitic alphabet. (This article supplements the author’s earlier study from 2014, “A New Reconstruction of the Original Glagolitic Alphabet”.)","doi":"10.15388/SLAVVILN.2020.65(2).44","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ac3c4de11bf248a1eaec4a3273c2600e8ffae6ec","result_position":18,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":170203954,"title":"Augustine and the Primeval Language in Early Modern Exegesis and Philology","venue":"","year":2013,"authors":["Josef Eskhult"],"abstract":"Abstract In his influential work City of God — De civitate Dei — Augustine identifies Hebrew as the original, or primeval, language of mankind, and more accurately as the language that survived the confusion of languages at Babel in the house or family of Heber, a descendant of Noah in the fifth generation. This article surveys (1) how this claim is related to ideas about this topic in ancient Jewish and Christian sources before and after Augustine, (2) demonstrates how Augustine’s interpretation of biblical primeval history and his concept of history is interconnected with his view on the primordial language, and (3) explores how early modern exegesis and philology adopted this specific Augustinian model with regard to the topic in question. This study is both descriptive and analytical. It is based on primary sources which modern scholarship of the history of linguistic thought hitherto to a great extent has either failed to pay attention to or misrepresented.","doi":"10.1179/1759753613Z.00000000021","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/233e34b6c3b1f3136ac85c3042afaa7a7b5dd150","result_position":19,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":198833229,"title":"“Most of the Haggadot Are Only Opinions”: Cambridge University Library T-S Misc.35.14","venue":"Jewish History","year":2019,"authors":["B. Outhwaite"],"abstract":"This essay examines the language and diplomatics of a single medieval Hebrew letter by one of the leading letter writers of the Cairo Geniza, Solomon b. Judah, gaon of the Jerusalem academy in the eleventh century. The letter, composed and written by Solomon himself, is addressed to the head of the rival Babylonian faction in Egypt, Sahlān b. Abraham, with whom he enjoyed an often fraught professional relationship. It deals with a number of matters, including the transfer of charitable funds from North Africa to the poor of Jerusalem and the gaon’s opinion of popular biblical exegesis. Solomon b. Judah is one of the most elegant Hebrew stylists to emerge from the documentary corpus of the Cairo Geniza, and his letters provide an important window on the Palestinian gaonate and its relations with Egypt in the second quarter of the eleventh century.","doi":"10.1007/s10835-019-09318-2","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/685056c43fa47a34a0a3877969f9fa051ce5adc6","result_position":20,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":211939005,"title":"Intertextuality of Translations Into and From Judaeo-Arabic as a Transformative Platform in Jewish-Arabic Universalism: The Case of Legal Monographs of the Late Geonim","venue":"Journal of Cultural and Religious Studies","year":2019,"authors":["Neri Y. Ariel"],"abstract":"In medieval times, translators of Judaeo-Arabic literature living in Islamic lands were fluent in Arabic as this was the lingua franca and, in many cases, their mother tongue. This is only rarely the case for the contemporary scholar. This creates enormous challenges for the modern translators of their works. However, this challenge is an opportunity to bridge cultural and historical gaps by increased accuracy the hallmark of modern scholarship. This interdisciplinary discourse establishes the co-religious Dasein. The research tools which demand knowledge not only of Jewish sources but rather of Islamic texts allow for greater appreciation of contacting influences. Rav Y. al-Barceloni of the 12th century, among others, translated into Hebrew several works of the Geonim with his own halakhic interpretations, interpolations, and expansions. When scholars come today to comprehend anew, these compilations they paradoxically are more reflective of the original text than scholars of the middle ages who were contemporaneous with these texts. Nonetheless insofar as the translations are into Hebrew, they produce insular affect on the cultural product, leaving it within the Jewish fold. This fact forces scholars who desire to communicate with the broader audience to publish their results in European languages. In mediaeval studies, this is not as often as one thinks.","doi":"10.17265/2328-2177/2019.09.002","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/634a6b2278caa8ef1b45b34fa672399a1dd3f285","result_position":21,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":213302080,"title":"El desarrollo de la literatura religiosa no elitista en la España medieval tardía y su reflejo en el Menorat ha-Maor de Rabbi Isaac Aboab","venue":"","year":2019,"authors":["Yoel Marciano"],"abstract":"Jewish religious works written in the Iberian Peninsula were characterized by elitist writing until the end of the thirteenth century. Scholars of different religious orientations addressed their works to the elite class of sages and scholars. At the end of the Middle Ages, starting from the early fourteenth century there was a clear turning point in Jewish literary activity in Spain. It was expressed by non-elitist writing for two notable groups: writing for the general public that had limited knowledge (but was capable of using Torah literature presented and accessible to it in Hebrew) and writing that was intended for beginning studens. The first part of the article deals with the extent of the phenomenon and its characteristics in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries and even among the exiles after the Expulsion from Spain. The second part presents the phenomenon, regarding the writing for the general public, as reflected in Rabbi Isaac Aboab’s Menorat ha-Maor. The study of the book and its characteristics allows for a better understanding of the background and development of the phenomenon from a social and religious point of view. This part of the article deals with different aspects like the gap between available literature and social needs, the purpose of the sermon in society, the need of preachers for auxiliary literature, and also didactic aspects of Jewish literature at the end of the Middle Ages.","doi":"10.3989/sefarad.019-012","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b5004ae1dd0df7873f23596b03803937e4526d2a","result_position":22,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":278213644,"title":"Some Notes on Lexicographic Criticism and Biblical Hebrew Studies. Revisiting David J. A. Clines’s Method","venue":"Sefarad : Revista de Estudios Hebraicos y Sefardíes","year":2024,"authors":["Clara Carbonell Ortiz"],"abstract":"This article revisits a series of papers written by David J.A. Clines over a seven-year span in which he proposed a method of “Comparative (Classical) Hebrew Lexicography.” My goal is to prove that the methodological framework employed in his analyses is significantly hindered by chronological and linguistic biases which often and inherently result in inconclusive findings. To counterbalance this, I develop a model of lexicographic criticism and delve into its potential implications. The theory is illustrated through the reevaluation of two case studies extracted from Clines’s own research: the significance and position of the Aramaic language in mediaeval dictionaries of biblical Hebrew and the origins of the interpretation of חֵיל as “outer wall.”","doi":"10.3989/sefarad.024.1234","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d08fe7c490b5926ecd22aa7852f478fabd8b1e08","result_position":23,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":234081743,"title":"Beyond the Scope of Philosophy and Kabbalah","venue":"Religions","year":2021,"authors":["Tzahi Weiss"],"abstract":"The turn of the thirteenth century is a formative period for the historiography of medieval Jewish thought. These years saw the dissemination of the Hebrew translations of the Maimonidean corpus, alongside the simultaneous appearance of the first Kabbalistic treatises, in the same geographical regions. This concurrent appearance led scholars to examine Jewish theological discourse mainly via two juxtaposed categories: “Philosophy” and “Kabbalah”. In this paper, I will return to that formative moment in order to demonstrate that exploring Jewish history of ideas beyond the scope of these categories could be very advantageous in improving our understanding of both categories and the Jewish theological inner-dynamics in this period as a whole. I will draw attention to a contemporary theological attitude, which is neither Kabbalistic nor philosophical, which I will define as a medieval form of Jewish binitarianism. My argument in this paper will be composed of two parts—first, outlining the nature of this medieval Jewish theological trend, and second, showing how a precise definition of this belief within its context alters crucial notions and understandings in the common scholarly historiography of medieval Jewish thought.","doi":"10.3390/REL12030160","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b0e87c10164df3921595d065622891fc8621c40f","result_position":24,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":257678121,"title":"“And Gabriel Kept on Writing” (Megilla 16a). Literary Features of Traditions Involving Supernatural Entities in the Babylonian Talmud according to the Elyonim veTachtonim Project","venue":"The Polish Journal of the Arts and Culture New Series","year":2022,"authors":["Wojciech J. Kosior"],"abstract":"“And Gabriel Kept on Writing” (Megilla 16a). Literary Features of Traditions Involving Supernatural Entities in the Babylonian Talmud according to the Elyonim veTachtonim Project\n\nIn this paper, I explain the theoretical and pragmatic aspects of the annotation system of the literary features used in the Talmudic database developed within the Elyonim veTachtonim project. In the first section, I recapitulate the theses concerning the production of the Babylonian Talmud and operationalise the formal indicators (i.e., language and attribution) of its specific layers. In the second section, I review the scholarship on the Talmudic genres and propose a categorisation that adheres to the cross-cultural framework of the Elyonim veTachtonim project. In the final section, I offer an illustration: a qualitative scrutiny of a fragment from Berakhot 62a and a quantitative-qualitative analysis of the data gathered from the Talmudic inventory.","doi":"10.4467/24506249pj.22.009.16832","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bfb481c7919a95cde1c84cee8bffe8bbc44515e7","result_position":25,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":264170639,"title":"Contesting Religious Truth","venue":"Frühmittelalterliche Studien","year":2023,"authors":["Wolfram Drews"],"abstract":"Abstract Christian theologians were involved in anti-Jewish arguments almost since the ‘parting of the ways’ of the two religions. In late antiquity and the early middle ages, anti-Jewish arguments were based almost exclusively on Biblical quotations, which were adduced as evidence meant to substantiate the Christian interpretation of scripture. It was only in the scholastic period that new forms of evidence were included in the traditional argument Adversus Iudaeos, which were derived from the recourse to reason. The Jewish figures presented by Christian authors within their writings are constructed entirely according to Christian assumptions and prejudices; only rarely do we get any real Jewish voices representing points of view close to any kind of Jewish reality. This only changed when growing numbers of Jews converted to Christianity in the high middle ages; Jewish converts drew the attention of Christian authorities to rabbinic literature. At first, the Talmud was targeted as a sinister text allegedly undermining theological truth, but later it was appropriated by Christian propagandists, who tried to base their anti-Jewish arguments on the post-biblical canon of Rabbinic Judaism. The article analyses the gradual expansion of anti-Jewish evidence; in particular, it highlights turning points when anti-Jewish strategies tried to include new methods and media to substantiate the credibility of Christian claims to monopolise religious truth. The Jewish side reacted against such attempts by reinterpreting and rewriting the history of anti-Christian Jewish arguments, notably on the occasion of the Paris Talmud trial. The redirection of Christian-Jewish arguments in the high middle ages provides ample evidence for the study of contesting truths, the substantiation and subversion of validity claims, as well as the rewriting of history in order to further political aims.","doi":"10.1515/fmst-2023-0004","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bf2fc40d6a3c81e529b79a4a96b6ddb9f572df71","result_position":26,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":256686100,"title":"‘Where Are You, My Beloved Iraq?’: Arab-Jewish Identity and Culture Between Demise and Biased Scholarship","venue":"Folia Orientalia","year":2023,"authors":["R. Snir"],"abstract":"We are currently witnessing the demise of Arab-Jewish identity and cul-ture—a tradition that started more than 1,500 years ago is vanishing before our very own eyes. Until the twentieth century, the great majority of the Jews under the rule of Islam used Arabic as their language but after the establishment of the State of Israel, Arabic has been gradually disappearing as a language mastered by Jews. The Arabized Jews have been deliberately excluded from Arabism to the point that we can now assume an unspoken agreement between Zionism and Arab national-ism to carry out a total cleansing of Arab-Jewish identity and culture. The present article focuses on the changes in the concept of identity and belonging among the Arabized Jews, especially the Iraqi-Baghdadi intellectuals among them. As I previ - ously argued, due to some processes that those Jews had experienced during the twentieth century and because of some global developments, they gradually developed a negative sensitivity toward the notion of stable identity, whatever identity. Instead of that, they started to assert, explicitly and implicitly, their particular singularities and to search for alternative forms of identification, mostly various kinds","doi":"10.24425/for.2022.143835","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/57e9ad2fc78747d36840d4a03685cb4467c7c057","result_position":27,"is_clicked":false}],"string":"[\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 54905852,\n \"title\": \"Emergence of a New Written Culture: The use of Hebrew script among the Krimchaks and the Karaim\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Zsuzsanna Olach\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Conversion to a religion usually has a positive impact on the written culture of a given community. The conversion may or may not result in the adoption of a new writing system. In the Turkic world, we find examples for both cases. The Karaims, by their conversion into Karaitism, adopted the Hebrew script. They used the Hebrew alphabet up till the beginning of the 20th century in their everyday life for writing; for example, private letters and secular and religious texts in Karaim. Another Turkic speaking group, the heterogeneous Rabbanite community of Krimchaks (whose majority is of Sephardic origin) also used the Hebrew script to write their vernacular. Some characteristics of the writing systems of the Karaim and of the Krimchaks have been described, but no comparative research has thus far been carried out. In this study, the peculiarities of the Hebrew alphabet used by both Turkic speaking peoples will be discussed and illustrated. For instance, the new characters, which were introduced in order to indicate specific Turkic phonetic values, and the ways the same Hebrew vowel sign or letter is used in the different Krimchak and Karaim manuscripts.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.15388/AOV.2016.13.10638\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dd4fd880288fe6a6c0e40a6f151e4fd26da6148c\",\n \"result_position\": 0,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 192460929,\n \"title\": \"Historicized Composition and Creative Ethnomusicology\",\n \"venue\": \"Revista Vortex\",\n \"year\": 2013,\n \"authors\": [\n \"D. Biró\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This paper investigates relationship between compositional and ethnomusicological research. The method of historicized composition developed out of my work as a chant scholar, as ongoing ethnomusicological research has had a profound influence on my compositional work. Understanding and underscoring historical and phenomenological relationships between music and language, the act of composition becomes a creative discovery of relationships between musical material and music history.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.33871/23179937.2013.1.1.367\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/53e9bc12cd1eaa104b3fd8f450aee5a6e067232b\",\n \"result_position\": 1,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 271581049,\n \"title\": \"Latinization Projects in Karaite and Jewish Linguistic Environment in 20th Century Poland and Lithuania\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Eurasian studies\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Dovilė Troskovaitė\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The rise of nationalism and modernization encouraged the emergence of a range of language reforms within different ethnic groups. One of the most widespread was the idea of Latinization, which emerged in Ottoman Empire, Caucasus, and Jewish groups in Europe in the beginning of the 20th century. The reform swept through those regions and effected many linguistic communities in different countries. The article aims to discuss the Latinization projects in Karaite and Jewish Rabbanite communities and the impact of other Latinization reforms for these communities. The implemented research has shown that Latinization projects in Jewish communities were a part of a bigger movement. And, despite of different motivations, that drove these reforms in Karaite and Jewish Rabbanite communities, we can trace the impact of the Turkish language reforms in both projects.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1177/18793665241267990\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a5566fa35620b443888fb6b9e5836b9407bd3e43\",\n \"result_position\": 2,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 149811862,\n \"title\": \"Muhammad, the Jews, and the Composition of the Qur’an: Sacred History and Counter-History\",\n \"venue\": \"Religions\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Reuven Firestone\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"According to Islamic religious teachings, some Jews confirmed the authenticity of Muhammad’s prophethood and joined him. Most Jews, however, are condemned for both rejecting the Prophet and failing to live up to their own religious imperatives. Medieval polemics tended to be harsh and belligerent, but while Muslims and Christians produced polemics under the protection and encouragement of their own religious and political authorities, Jews lived everywhere as minority communities and therefore lacked such protection. In order to maintain their own sense of dignity Jews polemicized as well, but they had to be subtle in argument. One form of polemic produced by Jews and other subalterns is “counter-history,” which retells well-known narratives in a manner that questions or undermines their message. One such counter-history is an ancient Jewish re-telling of the traditional Muslim narrative of divine revelation.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/REL10010063\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f37ff22e8c8261159d72a7f9bdb7f91d788db2fa\",\n \"result_position\": 3,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 73648827,\n \"title\": \"Michael Scot and the Four Rainbows\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Tony C. Scott\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"We apply a physical and historical analysis to a passage by the medieval scholar Michael Scot concerning multiple rainbows, a meteorological phenomenon whose existence has only been acknowledged in recent history. We survey various types of physical models to best decipher Scot’s description of four parallel rainbows as well as a linguistic analysis of Scot’s special etymology. The conclusions have implications on Scot’s whereabouts at the turn of the 13th century.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.24117/2526-2270.2017.I2.18\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2cae10bd8e0e0d5f45e459b160c67146382f9ca6\",\n \"result_position\": 4,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 67759588,\n \"title\": \"SINE MATRE CREATA : THE PROMETHEAN URGE IN THE HISTORY OF THE HUMAN BODY IN THE WEST\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2012,\n \"authors\": [\n \"L. Montiel\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Since the beginning of modernity there has been an observable tendency in Western thought to consider the human body as susceptible of technical manipulation, to the extreme of conceiving the possibility of manufacturing it. The figures of the homunculus and the automaton, the heirs of the Golem, represent the clearest embodiment of this aspiration. This paper explores the psychology underlying this plan, based on the psychological theory of C.G. Jung, and developed more recently by J. Hillman, on the hypothesis that the plan involves the denial of the feminine and, therefore, of the more truly psychological aspects of humanity, in the name of a unilaterally rationalistic and materialistic worldview. From the viewpoint of the authors mentioned, the mythicalpsychological reference capable of providing the fundamental key to this project would be Prometheus.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3989/asclepio.2013.01\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/521e56a05699d09f6fdf518a0271cea0d2593c51\",\n \"result_position\": 5,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 165023585,\n \"title\": \"Jewish Studies: Are They Ethnic?\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 1989,\n \"authors\": [\n \"H. Adelman\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Introduction The history of Jewish studies has not yet been written. Scholars engaged in this field, however, are beginning to subj ect it to searching analysis. Pertinent articles have appeared that offer two extreme positions on the development of Jewish studies: one sees the increase in Jewish studies as the result of heightened Jewish self-awareness during the late 1960s because of the Six Day War, growing interest in the Holocaust, and the influence of rising black and ethnic consciousnesses that resulted in the establishment of academic programs. The other, usually a reaction to the first view, argues that the study of Hebraic a and Judaica has held an ancient and honorable place in the traditional university curriculum. The purpose of this paper is to trace the history of Jewish studies, by which is meant the critical study ofthe history, literature, and thought of the Jewish people since the biblical period, and to indicate some of the features that undermine both of the positions mentioned above. Thus it will be demonstrated that the status of Hebraica and Judaica has not always been ancient or honorable and that the field has roots other than the consciousness-raising events of the late 1 960s. These observations are offered with the hope that an outline of the development of Jewish studies will suggest interdisciplinary discussion about the origins and development of other fields of study. When suggesting a comparison of different fields it is hoped a level of discourse can be established that transcends the use of comparison as a foil for elaborating the strengths of one's own predilections. It is for this reason that ethnic studies cannot be narrowly defined but must be discussed in the general sense of any field which attempts to study a particular community, often one neglected by the general curriculum. Jewish studies are ethnic, and considering them as such is necessary not only for purpose of obtaining cooperation from administrators and mutual support of colleagues, but also for the creation of academically sound disciplinary and methodolog ical approaches.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1525/EES.1989.12.1.1\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/851cb9b830ed6e9696cde006ecb82daf632bde5c\",\n \"result_position\": 6,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 216144740,\n \"title\": \"Transliteration of Judeo-Arabic Texts into Arabic Script Using Recurrent Neural Networks\",\n \"venue\": \"Workshop on Arabic Natural Language Processing\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"N. Dershowitz\",\n \"Ori Terner\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"We trained a model to automatically transliterate Judeo-Arabic texts into Arabic script, enabling Arabic readers to access those writings. We employ a recurrent neural network (RNN), combined with the connectionist temporal classification (CTC) loss to deal with unequal input/output lengths. This obligates adjustments in the training data to avoid input sequences that are shorter than their corresponding outputs. We also utilize a pretraining stage with a different loss function to improve network converge. Since only a single source of parallel text was available for training, we take advantage of the possibility of generating data synthetically. We train a model that has the capability to memorize words in the output language, and that also utilizes context for distinguishing ambiguities in the transliteration. We obtain an improvement over the baseline 9.5% character error, achieving 2% error with our best configuration. To measure the contribution of context to learning, we also tested word-shuffled data, for which the error rises to 2.5%.\",\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a5d007d651ca41ca1ebb97188b123685ad590ff4\",\n \"result_position\": 7,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 213959661,\n \"title\": \"Sonic Rhetorics as Ethics in Action: Hidden Temporalities of Sound in Language(s)\",\n \"venue\": \"Humanities\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"S. Katz\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Sonic rhetorics has become a major area of study in the field of rhetoric, as well as composition and literature. Many of the underlying theories of sonic rhetorics are based on post-Heideggerian philosophy, new materialism, and/or posthumanism, among others. What is perhaps similar across these theories of sonic rhetoric is their “turn” from language and the human in general. This short essay explores sonic rhetorics by examining three temporal dimensions found in language. Specifically, the essay focuses on the more obvious sonic dimensions of time in prosody, and then at deeper levels temporal dimensions in a couple of brief but revealing examples from ancient languages (classical Greek, and Biblical Hebrew). Further, this essay suggests some ways in which time is related to ethics in practice and action. For example, just as time is involved in the continuous creation of our increasingly vast, expanding, infinite but bounded universe, Levinas might say that time is necessary to create the ethical space, or perhaps “hypostasis,” one needs for the possibility to encounter “l’autre”—the Other. Beyond prosody, propriety, even kairos, are hidden temporal dimensions of language that may render sonic rhetorics forms of ethical practice.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/h9010013\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4f8b7487840c4aceaa018eefd749d50bae6496f1\",\n \"result_position\": 8,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 244738030,\n \"title\": \"David as Warrior, Leader, and Poet in Medieval Hebrew Poetry of al-Andalus\",\n \"venue\": \"The Character of David in Judaism, Christianity and Islam\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Barbara Gryczan\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Shmuel ha-Nagid (993–1056) was one of the most influential Jewish dignitaries and intellectuals of al-Andalus as well as a prominent figure of the social and cultural phenomenon known as the convivencia.1 The convivencia refers to a period of relative tolerance and harmonic coexistence of the three monotheistic cultures under the Muslim rule in the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Ages. Scholars of Jewish studies conventionally call it “the Golden Age” to convey the idea of a period of remarkable, unprecedented flourishing of Jewish culture from the tenth to the mid-twelfth centuries.2 The unique historical and political circumstances of the time allowed the Iberian Jewish population to establish prosperous and stable communities, headed by influential, intellectual elites. Once the two powerful players in the game – the Muslim and the Christian empires – established relatively stable geographic boundaries and began, at least for a while, to strive for peace, a space for a third party emerged and thus Jewish contributions came to be valued by both sides. Given that the Jews, an ethnic and religious group deprived of state and land, were perceived both as a neutral party in the local conflicts and also as a group open to ‘civilising’ influences of the larger empires, Jews\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1163/9789004465978_007\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c6bbe372d03fea52958135a20b3749fb6be18d6b\",\n \"result_position\": 9,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 133320848,\n \"title\": \"Sourcebook in the Mathematics of Medieval Europe and North Africa edited by Victor Katz\",\n \"venue\": \"Aestimatio: Sources and Studies in the History of Science\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Anuj Misra\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The Sourcebook in the Mathematics of Medieval Europe and North Africa brings together a selection of mathematical writings in Latin, Hebrew, and Arabic from medieval Europe and North Africa (the Maghreb). At the very outset, it offers its readers an opportunity to survey briefly the mathematical contributions of scholars writing in different languages, at different times, and in different places across the intellectual geography of the medieval West.\\nReviewed by: Anuj Misra,\\nPublished Online (2021-08-31)Copyright © 2021 by Anuj MisraThis open access publication is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (CC BY-NC-ND)\\nArticle PDF Link: https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/aestimatio/article/view/37720/28724\\nCorresponding Author: Anuj Misra,University of CopenhagenE-Mail: anuj.misra@hum.ku.dk\",\n \"doi\": \"10.33137/aestimatio.v2i1.37720\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/29e28d39b8abf59803857441b9b9fa5d2282c96b\",\n \"result_position\": 10,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 237746078,\n \"title\": \"Giqatilla’s Philosophical Poems on the Hebrew Vowels: Poetry, Philosophy, and Theology in Giqatilla’s Ginnat Egoz and Sefer ha-Niqqud\",\n \"venue\": \"Religions\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Federico Dal Bo\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In the present paper, I will examine Yosef ben Abraham Giqatilla’s philosophical poems on the Hebrew vowels that are included in his three early works on “punctuation:” the third section from the larger Ginnat Egoz (“The Nut Garden”), the longer version of Sefer ha-Niqqud (“The Book of Punctuation”), and a short version of the latter. Scholarship on the chronology of these three texts has been inconclusive. I will argue that a textual comparison of Giqatilla’s philosophical poems and an analysis of their paratextual function allow for a solution, and therefore a possible chronology of their composition.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/REL12070554\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cc75c9baec1422a81b0e814213e6844509cc9117\",\n \"result_position\": 11,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 271329605,\n \"title\": \"Citation network analysis for viewpoint plurality assessment of historical corpora: The case of the medieval rabbinic literature\",\n \"venue\": \"PLoS ONE\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"N. Ben-Gigi\",\n \"M. Zhitomirsky-Geffet\",\n \"Binyamin Katzoff\",\n \"Jonathan Schler\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Citation networks enable analysis of author groups, defining in-group dynamics, and mapping out inter-group relationships. While intellectual diversity and inclusiveness is one of the important principles of modern scholarship, it is intriguing to explore the extent to which these principles apply to historical communities of leaders and intellectuals. This paper introduces a novel methodological framework aimed at assessing the degree of viewpoint plurality and diversity of historical scholarship communities, through an in-depth analysis of the citations used in their literature, which has become possible due to the recently developed advanced computational analysis techniques. To achieve this goal, we have devised a set of new network-based indicators grounded in standard network metrics. These indicators can be applied at both the individual author and community levels. The developed methodology was applied to a citation network automatically constructed from a corpus of Rabbinic Halachic literature spanning the 10th to 15th centuries. This corpus includes over 5,000 citations from hundreds of books authored by approximately 140 Rabbinic scholars from six diverse geographic communities. We found that most of the authors and communities cite many more external resources from other communities than their own reflecting a willingness to engage with a diverse range of viewpoints. A more in-depth analysis based on the novel proportional diversity measures unveils more intriguing insights. Contrary to expectations, communities with the greatest number of external citations, such as Spain and Ashkenaz, surprisingly exhibit lower levels of viewpoint plurality compared to others, such as Italy and North Africa, elucidating a key finding of the study.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1371/journal.pone.0307115\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/669c9ae8263b6fd2400c99740808866b9b015b31\",\n \"result_position\": 12,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 193602060,\n \"title\": \"The “Book of Enoch”, the Angelic Alphabet and the “Real Cabbala” in the Angelic Conferences of John Dee (1527–1608/9)\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2007,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Martin Findell\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"D espite the wide range ofhis scholarly interests, John Dee is probably best known (at least in the popular imagination) for a series of seances or magicai \\\"actions\\\" conducted during the 1580s and possibly earlier, in which he believed himselfto have established contact with angels. The angels entrusted him with esoteric truths in order that he might play a crucial role in the coming Apocalypse and the subsequent redemption of mankind. Vital to this project was the revelation of a holy book written in a previously unknown language (supposedly the language of the angels and of Adam), as well as a magicai alphabet into which the text of the book was to be transcribed. The book was supposed to contain prophecy, the interpretation of which would restare human knowledge to the state from which it had fallen over the course ofhuman history. Dee kept meticulous records of his actions, some of which were published by Meric Casaubon in the mid-seventeenth century (Dee, 1659), probably with the intention of discrediting Dee as either a conjurar of demons or the dupe of his medium, the disreputable Edward Kelley (French, 1972:4-19). Diaries covering an earlier period (March 1582-May 1583) were subsequently discovered hidden in a chest along with several other works, and eventually carne into the possession of Elias Ashmole (1617-1692) (Harkness, 1996:717-718; Peterson, 2003:48-49). These are bound in Sloane MS. 3188, an edition of which was recently published by Joseph Peterson (2003). The present discussion is based primarily on this manuscript, as it is here that Dee relates the revelation of the \\\"angelic book\\\" and the first part of its contents (the remainder, written up by Kelley ata later date, is in Sloane MS. 3189). A series of prophetic \\\"calls\\\" known as the 48 Claues angelicce (Sloane MS. 3191) form a further important source of material in the angelic language. Because the Claues are accompanied by an English gloss, they seem to offer a key to the mysterious language of the angels, and have consequently been of particular interest to la ter generations of magicians (Magickal Review website ). Donald Laycock' s ( 1994) \\\"dictionary\\\" of angelic words and their English equivalents is based exclusively on the Claues angelicce, rather than on any analysis of the unglossed material. It is not my intention here to fill this gap by analysing the angelic text in detail, and I restrict my comments about the language to the first part of the \\\"angelic book\\\". The early text is of especial interest because it differs in nature from the later material (i. e., the contents of Sloane MS. 3189) and reveals the process of development of the work. This\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/02674971.2007.11827175\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4254dc3e47d04429b0d835fcedc0174672032b47\",\n \"result_position\": 13,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 162208213,\n \"title\": \"The Pronunciation of Hebrew in the Western Sephardic Settlements (XVIth-XXth Centuries). First Part: Early Modern Venice and Ferrara (1)\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2006,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Aron di Leone Leoni\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In or around 1552, Isac Cavallero in Venice and Yomtob Atias in Ferrara published various Spanish translations of the Hebrew prayer-book. Almost at the same time in Ferrara, Abraham Usque produced some new vulgarizations of the Hebrew ritual. These works were conceived mainly for the former Marranos who had embraced the Jewish religion but were still unfamiliar with Hebrew. In order to enable them to recite at least a part of the most important prayers, the authors of these vulgarizations transliterated into Latin characters some passages of different prayers and blessings. These translations of the prayer-book were repeatedly reprinted throughout the following centuries in Venice, Amsterdam and in several North-European cities. The subsequent editions followed very closely the pattern of the Ferrara prototypes, however several re-issues bore different additions. Of particular interest are the transliterations of new and wider passages from various prayers and hymns. By carrying on an extensive graphematic analysis of these prayer-books as well as of other texts such as grammar-books, registers of the deliberations of the Sephardic communities, notarial deeds and other documents, it was possible to ascertain the features of the Sephardi pronunciation in the early modern communities of Venice and Ferrara and in the West-European settlements. The main differences and analogies between the Sephardi, the Judeo-Italian and the Ashkenazi pronunciation were also examined. Special attention has been paid to the consonant 'Ayin which, in the 16th century, had a phonetic value equal to zero or tending to zero.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3989/SEFARAD.2006.V66.I1.425\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1adf5247460b19aeb9e39992f98bbc6d84c7c708\",\n \"result_position\": 14,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 160676028,\n \"title\": \"Texto halájico pre-exílico en aljamía hebraico-castellana de la Guenizá de El Cairo por R. Jacob Campantón\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2013,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Dotan Arad\",\n \"Shmuel Glick\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This article brings to light a unique responsum preserved in the Taylor-Schechter Cairo Genizah collection. Though it does expound upon the halakhic and historic content of the responsum, these do not introduce many innovations, and are not the source of its uniqueness. The singularity of the document is that the text, written in Hebrew letters, is in Castilian vernacular with words and expressions in Hebrew. Whereas in Islamic lands a tradition of halakhic writing in Judeo-Arabic developed (until its disappearance in the late Middle Ages), halakhic writings in a language other than Hebrew or Aramaic were rare in Europe. The responsum was composed, in our estimation, in the 15th century, and is one of relatively few written in Spain in this period that have been preserved. The responsum enriches our knowledge of the language of the Jews while still in the Peninsula, and also sheds light on their religious and cultural life. It was authored by R. Jacob Ca[n]-panton, whom we suggest is the father of the well-known scholar R. Isaac Canpanton. Information on R. Jacob is limited, and until now there were no known halakhic writings of his. If our identification is correct, it serves to illuminate further the personality of this Jewish sage.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3989/SEFARAD.013.013\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/abdeb7f6354dbbd0e4f17d88a5dca56ba5cda916\",\n \"result_position\": 15,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 59490680,\n \"title\": \"Language of the Old Testament: Biblical Hebrew \\\"The Holy Tongue\\\"\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2015,\n \"authors\": [\n \"L. E. Ugwueye\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Some kind of familiarity with the structure and thought pattern of biblical Hebrew language enhances translation and improved ways of working with the language needed by students of Old Testament. That what the authors of the Scripture say also has meaning for us today is not in doubt but they did not express themselves primarily for us or in our language, and so it requires training on our part to understand them in their own language. The features of biblical Hebrew as combined in the language’s use of imagery and picturesque description of things are of huge assistance in this training exercise for a better operational knowledge of the language and meaning of Hebrew Scripture. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v4n1p129\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5901/MJSS.2015.V4N1P129\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bcc0cfad809bf68930c3e593b4b4c70043fbe2f7\",\n \"result_position\": 16,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 148981692,\n \"title\": \"Correlation between phonological and morphological awareness and the reading of punctuated and non-punctuated words in Arabic as first language and Hebrew as second language\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Saied Bishara\",\n \"Itzhak Weiss\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract Phonological and morphological awareness and its correlation with reading punctuated and non-punctuated words in Arabic as a first language were examined, as well as its transfer to Hebrew as a second language. Research participants were 30 fourth grade pupils. Phonological awareness was examined by phonological decoding of actual and meaningless words. Morphological awareness was examined by morphological production and distinguishing morphological relationships. Participants read punctuated, non-punctuated, and meaningless words. Findings supported hypotheses: phonological awareness and reading words in Arabic positively correlated with phonological awareness and reading words in Hebrew and morphological awareness in both languages correlated with accuracy and speed of reading punctuated and non-punctuated words in Hebrew. Research findings have practical implications for the reading curriculum in both languages.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/2331186X.2017.1322028\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/22eb83bc03ddf60487ad0bdc951d0e214f3a7e59\",\n \"result_position\": 17,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 234381752,\n \"title\": \"The Characters (Χαρακτῆρες) of the Glagolitic Alphabet: New Light on an Old Puzzle\",\n \"venue\": \"Slavistica Vilnensis\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"R. Mathiesen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The article calls attention to a neglected source for the over-all “look and feel” of the Glagolitic alphabet as it was first created by Constantine the Philosopher circa 863 ad. This source is the variant forms of the Greek and other alphabets (including Hebrew and Arabic) that consist of so-called Brillenbuchstabe (otherwise charactères à lunettes or ring-letters). These variant alphabets were employed chiefly for esoteric purposes, including astrological and magical ones. Because of their limited use, they have largely been overlooked in standard handbooks of Greek and Oriental paleography. An interest in such subjects as astrology and magic comports poorly with routine assumptions about the inner lives of Medieval Saints such as Constantine. Relying on the extant primary sources for Constantine’s life, however, the article shows that his education, interests and mystical inclinations make a familiarity with some of these esoteric alphabets virtually certain. Thus it is historically plausible that such alphabets were among the inspirations for the general style, that is, the “look and feel”, of the letters of Constantine’s original glagolitic alphabet. (This article supplements the author’s earlier study from 2014, “A New Reconstruction of the Original Glagolitic Alphabet”.)\",\n \"doi\": \"10.15388/SLAVVILN.2020.65(2).44\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ac3c4de11bf248a1eaec4a3273c2600e8ffae6ec\",\n \"result_position\": 18,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 170203954,\n \"title\": \"Augustine and the Primeval Language in Early Modern Exegesis and Philology\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2013,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Josef Eskhult\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract In his influential work City of God — De civitate Dei — Augustine identifies Hebrew as the original, or primeval, language of mankind, and more accurately as the language that survived the confusion of languages at Babel in the house or family of Heber, a descendant of Noah in the fifth generation. This article surveys (1) how this claim is related to ideas about this topic in ancient Jewish and Christian sources before and after Augustine, (2) demonstrates how Augustine’s interpretation of biblical primeval history and his concept of history is interconnected with his view on the primordial language, and (3) explores how early modern exegesis and philology adopted this specific Augustinian model with regard to the topic in question. This study is both descriptive and analytical. It is based on primary sources which modern scholarship of the history of linguistic thought hitherto to a great extent has either failed to pay attention to or misrepresented.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1179/1759753613Z.00000000021\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/233e34b6c3b1f3136ac85c3042afaa7a7b5dd150\",\n \"result_position\": 19,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 198833229,\n \"title\": \"“Most of the Haggadot Are Only Opinions”: Cambridge University Library T-S Misc.35.14\",\n \"venue\": \"Jewish History\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"B. Outhwaite\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This essay examines the language and diplomatics of a single medieval Hebrew letter by one of the leading letter writers of the Cairo Geniza, Solomon b. Judah, gaon of the Jerusalem academy in the eleventh century. The letter, composed and written by Solomon himself, is addressed to the head of the rival Babylonian faction in Egypt, Sahlān b. Abraham, with whom he enjoyed an often fraught professional relationship. It deals with a number of matters, including the transfer of charitable funds from North Africa to the poor of Jerusalem and the gaon’s opinion of popular biblical exegesis. Solomon b. Judah is one of the most elegant Hebrew stylists to emerge from the documentary corpus of the Cairo Geniza, and his letters provide an important window on the Palestinian gaonate and its relations with Egypt in the second quarter of the eleventh century.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s10835-019-09318-2\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/685056c43fa47a34a0a3877969f9fa051ce5adc6\",\n \"result_position\": 20,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 211939005,\n \"title\": \"Intertextuality of Translations Into and From Judaeo-Arabic as a Transformative Platform in Jewish-Arabic Universalism: The Case of Legal Monographs of the Late Geonim\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Cultural and Religious Studies\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Neri Y. Ariel\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In medieval times, translators of Judaeo-Arabic literature living in Islamic lands were fluent in Arabic as this was the lingua franca and, in many cases, their mother tongue. This is only rarely the case for the contemporary scholar. This creates enormous challenges for the modern translators of their works. However, this challenge is an opportunity to bridge cultural and historical gaps by increased accuracy the hallmark of modern scholarship. This interdisciplinary discourse establishes the co-religious Dasein. The research tools which demand knowledge not only of Jewish sources but rather of Islamic texts allow for greater appreciation of contacting influences. Rav Y. al-Barceloni of the 12th century, among others, translated into Hebrew several works of the Geonim with his own halakhic interpretations, interpolations, and expansions. When scholars come today to comprehend anew, these compilations they paradoxically are more reflective of the original text than scholars of the middle ages who were contemporaneous with these texts. Nonetheless insofar as the translations are into Hebrew, they produce insular affect on the cultural product, leaving it within the Jewish fold. This fact forces scholars who desire to communicate with the broader audience to publish their results in European languages. In mediaeval studies, this is not as often as one thinks.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.17265/2328-2177/2019.09.002\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/634a6b2278caa8ef1b45b34fa672399a1dd3f285\",\n \"result_position\": 21,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 213302080,\n \"title\": \"El desarrollo de la literatura religiosa no elitista en la España medieval tardía y su reflejo en el Menorat ha-Maor de Rabbi Isaac Aboab\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yoel Marciano\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Jewish religious works written in the Iberian Peninsula were characterized by elitist writing until the end of the thirteenth century. Scholars of different religious orientations addressed their works to the elite class of sages and scholars. At the end of the Middle Ages, starting from the early fourteenth century there was a clear turning point in Jewish literary activity in Spain. It was expressed by non-elitist writing for two notable groups: writing for the general public that had limited knowledge (but was capable of using Torah literature presented and accessible to it in Hebrew) and writing that was intended for beginning studens. The first part of the article deals with the extent of the phenomenon and its characteristics in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries and even among the exiles after the Expulsion from Spain. The second part presents the phenomenon, regarding the writing for the general public, as reflected in Rabbi Isaac Aboab’s Menorat ha-Maor. The study of the book and its characteristics allows for a better understanding of the background and development of the phenomenon from a social and religious point of view. This part of the article deals with different aspects like the gap between available literature and social needs, the purpose of the sermon in society, the need of preachers for auxiliary literature, and also didactic aspects of Jewish literature at the end of the Middle Ages.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3989/sefarad.019-012\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b5004ae1dd0df7873f23596b03803937e4526d2a\",\n \"result_position\": 22,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 278213644,\n \"title\": \"Some Notes on Lexicographic Criticism and Biblical Hebrew Studies. Revisiting David J. A. Clines’s Method\",\n \"venue\": \"Sefarad : Revista de Estudios Hebraicos y Sefardíes\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Clara Carbonell Ortiz\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This article revisits a series of papers written by David J.A. Clines over a seven-year span in which he proposed a method of “Comparative (Classical) Hebrew Lexicography.” My goal is to prove that the methodological framework employed in his analyses is significantly hindered by chronological and linguistic biases which often and inherently result in inconclusive findings. To counterbalance this, I develop a model of lexicographic criticism and delve into its potential implications. The theory is illustrated through the reevaluation of two case studies extracted from Clines’s own research: the significance and position of the Aramaic language in mediaeval dictionaries of biblical Hebrew and the origins of the interpretation of חֵיל as “outer wall.”\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3989/sefarad.024.1234\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d08fe7c490b5926ecd22aa7852f478fabd8b1e08\",\n \"result_position\": 23,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 234081743,\n \"title\": \"Beyond the Scope of Philosophy and Kabbalah\",\n \"venue\": \"Religions\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Tzahi Weiss\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The turn of the thirteenth century is a formative period for the historiography of medieval Jewish thought. These years saw the dissemination of the Hebrew translations of the Maimonidean corpus, alongside the simultaneous appearance of the first Kabbalistic treatises, in the same geographical regions. This concurrent appearance led scholars to examine Jewish theological discourse mainly via two juxtaposed categories: “Philosophy” and “Kabbalah”. In this paper, I will return to that formative moment in order to demonstrate that exploring Jewish history of ideas beyond the scope of these categories could be very advantageous in improving our understanding of both categories and the Jewish theological inner-dynamics in this period as a whole. I will draw attention to a contemporary theological attitude, which is neither Kabbalistic nor philosophical, which I will define as a medieval form of Jewish binitarianism. My argument in this paper will be composed of two parts—first, outlining the nature of this medieval Jewish theological trend, and second, showing how a precise definition of this belief within its context alters crucial notions and understandings in the common scholarly historiography of medieval Jewish thought.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/REL12030160\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b0e87c10164df3921595d065622891fc8621c40f\",\n \"result_position\": 24,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 257678121,\n \"title\": \"“And Gabriel Kept on Writing” (Megilla 16a). Literary Features of Traditions Involving Supernatural Entities in the Babylonian Talmud according to the Elyonim veTachtonim Project\",\n \"venue\": \"The Polish Journal of the Arts and Culture New Series\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Wojciech J. Kosior\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"“And Gabriel Kept on Writing” (Megilla 16a). Literary Features of Traditions Involving Supernatural Entities in the Babylonian Talmud according to the Elyonim veTachtonim Project\\n\\nIn this paper, I explain the theoretical and pragmatic aspects of the annotation system of the literary features used in the Talmudic database developed within the Elyonim veTachtonim project. In the first section, I recapitulate the theses concerning the production of the Babylonian Talmud and operationalise the formal indicators (i.e., language and attribution) of its specific layers. In the second section, I review the scholarship on the Talmudic genres and propose a categorisation that adheres to the cross-cultural framework of the Elyonim veTachtonim project. In the final section, I offer an illustration: a qualitative scrutiny of a fragment from Berakhot 62a and a quantitative-qualitative analysis of the data gathered from the Talmudic inventory.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.4467/24506249pj.22.009.16832\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bfb481c7919a95cde1c84cee8bffe8bbc44515e7\",\n \"result_position\": 25,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 264170639,\n \"title\": \"Contesting Religious Truth\",\n \"venue\": \"Frühmittelalterliche Studien\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Wolfram Drews\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract Christian theologians were involved in anti-Jewish arguments almost since the ‘parting of the ways’ of the two religions. In late antiquity and the early middle ages, anti-Jewish arguments were based almost exclusively on Biblical quotations, which were adduced as evidence meant to substantiate the Christian interpretation of scripture. It was only in the scholastic period that new forms of evidence were included in the traditional argument Adversus Iudaeos, which were derived from the recourse to reason. The Jewish figures presented by Christian authors within their writings are constructed entirely according to Christian assumptions and prejudices; only rarely do we get any real Jewish voices representing points of view close to any kind of Jewish reality. This only changed when growing numbers of Jews converted to Christianity in the high middle ages; Jewish converts drew the attention of Christian authorities to rabbinic literature. At first, the Talmud was targeted as a sinister text allegedly undermining theological truth, but later it was appropriated by Christian propagandists, who tried to base their anti-Jewish arguments on the post-biblical canon of Rabbinic Judaism. The article analyses the gradual expansion of anti-Jewish evidence; in particular, it highlights turning points when anti-Jewish strategies tried to include new methods and media to substantiate the credibility of Christian claims to monopolise religious truth. The Jewish side reacted against such attempts by reinterpreting and rewriting the history of anti-Christian Jewish arguments, notably on the occasion of the Paris Talmud trial. The redirection of Christian-Jewish arguments in the high middle ages provides ample evidence for the study of contesting truths, the substantiation and subversion of validity claims, as well as the rewriting of history in order to further political aims.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1515/fmst-2023-0004\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bf2fc40d6a3c81e529b79a4a96b6ddb9f572df71\",\n \"result_position\": 26,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 256686100,\n \"title\": \"‘Where Are You, My Beloved Iraq?’: Arab-Jewish Identity and Culture Between Demise and Biased Scholarship\",\n \"venue\": \"Folia Orientalia\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"R. Snir\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"We are currently witnessing the demise of Arab-Jewish identity and cul-ture—a tradition that started more than 1,500 years ago is vanishing before our very own eyes. Until the twentieth century, the great majority of the Jews under the rule of Islam used Arabic as their language but after the establishment of the State of Israel, Arabic has been gradually disappearing as a language mastered by Jews. The Arabized Jews have been deliberately excluded from Arabism to the point that we can now assume an unspoken agreement between Zionism and Arab national-ism to carry out a total cleansing of Arab-Jewish identity and culture. The present article focuses on the changes in the concept of identity and belonging among the Arabized Jews, especially the Iraqi-Baghdadi intellectuals among them. As I previ - ously argued, due to some processes that those Jews had experienced during the twentieth century and because of some global developments, they gradually developed a negative sensitivity toward the notion of stable identity, whatever identity. Instead of that, they started to assert, explicitly and implicitly, their particular singularities and to search for alternative forms of identification, mostly various kinds\",\n \"doi\": \"10.24425/for.2022.143835\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/57e9ad2fc78747d36840d4a03685cb4467c7c057\",\n \"result_position\": 27,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":81,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"Find papers with the same topic as the following papers:\nBetter Reasoning with Less Data: Enhancing VLMs Through Unified Modality Scoring\nPRISM: Self-Pruning Intrinsic Selection Method for Training-Free Multimodal Data Selection\nActive Data Curation Effectively Distills Large-Scale Multimodal Models\nMastering Collaborative Multi-modal Data Selection: A Focus on Informativeness, Uniqueness, and Representativeness"},"query_timestamp":{"kind":"string","value":"2025-08-21T10:07:59.708796+00:00"},"thread_id":{"kind":"string","value":"3acbe57f8aabe4053157899582bac50fc2b4dbaa3004823ac34cccbf16bec50e"},"num_shown":{"kind":"number","value":23,"string":"23"},"num_clicked":{"kind":"number","value":0,"string":"0"},"has_clicks":{"kind":"bool","value":false,"string":"false"},"shown_papers":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"corpus_id":279261268,"title":"Better Reasoning with Less Data: Enhancing VLMs Through Unified Modality Scoring","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Mingjie Xu","Andrew Estornell","Hongzheng Yang","Yuzhi Zhao","Zhaowei Zhu","Qi Xuan","Jiaheng Wei"],"abstract":"The application of visual instruction tuning and other post-training techniques has significantly enhanced the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in visual understanding, enriching Vision-Language Models (VLMs) with more comprehensive visual language datasets. However, the effectiveness of VLMs is highly dependent on large-scale, high-quality datasets that ensure precise recognition and accurate reasoning. Two key challenges hinder progress: (1) noisy alignments between images and the corresponding text, which leads to misinterpretation, and (2) ambiguous or misleading text, which obscures visual content. To address these challenges, we propose SCALE (Single modality data quality and Cross modality Alignment Evaluation), a novel quality-driven data selection pipeline for VLM instruction tuning datasets. Specifically, SCALE integrates a cross-modality assessment framework that first assigns each data entry to its appropriate vision-language task, generates general and task-specific captions (covering scenes, objects, style, etc.), and evaluates the alignment, clarity, task rarity, text coherence, and image clarity of each entry based on the generated captions. We reveal that: (1) current unimodal quality assessment methods evaluate one modality while overlooking the rest, which can underestimate samples essential for specific tasks and discard the lower-quality instances that help build model robustness; and (2) appropriately generated image captions provide an efficient way to transfer the image-text multimodal task into a unified text modality.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2506.08429","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c6b64a16c00e37776a52534eb0c2337a62ba7acf","result_position":0,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":274655829,"title":"Enhancing Modality Representation and Alignment for Multimodal Cold-start Active Learning","venue":"ACM Multimedia Asia","year":2024,"authors":["Meng Shen","Yake Wei","Jianxiong Yin","Deepu Rajan","Di Hu","Simon See"],"abstract":"Training multimodal models requires a large amount of labeled data. Active learning (AL) aim to reduce labeling costs. Most AL methods employ warm-start approaches, which rely on sufficient labeled data to train a well-calibrated model that can assess the uncertainty and diversity of unlabeled data. However, when assembling a dataset, labeled data are often scarce initially, leading to a cold-start problem. Additionally, most AL methods seldom address multimodal data, highlighting a research gap in this field. Our research addresses these issues by developing a two-stage method for Multi-Modal Cold-Start Active Learning (MMCSAL). Firstly, we observe the modality gap, a significant distance between the centroids of representations from different modalities, when only using cross-modal pairing information as self-supervision signals. This modality gap affects data selection process, as we calculate both uni-modal and cross-modal distances. To address this, we introduce uni-modal prototypes to bridge the modality gap. Secondly, conventional AL methods often falter in multimodal scenarios where alignment between modalities is overlooked. Therefore, we propose enhancing cross-modal alignment through regularization, thereby improving the quality of selected multimodal data pairs in AL. Finally, our experiments demonstrate MMCSAL’s efficacy in selecting multimodal data pairs across three multimodal datasets.","doi":"10.1145/3696409.3700225","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/136f88c987851b418aba035b5193c433626e22e0","result_position":1,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":280324176,"title":"Trust the Model: Compact VLMS as In-Context Judges for Image-Text Data Quality","venue":"International Workshop on Machine Learning for Signal Processing","year":2025,"authors":["Daulet Toibazar","Kesen Wang","Sherif Mohamed","Abdulaziz Al-Badawi","Abdulrahman Alfulayt","Pedro J. Moreno"],"abstract":"Vision-language models (VLMs) extend the conventional large language models by integrating visual data, enabling richer multimodal reasoning and significantly broadens the practical applications of AI. However, including visual inputs also brings new challenges in maintaining data quality. Empirical evidence consistently shows that carefully curated and representative training examples often yield superior results compared to simply increasing the quantity of data. Inspired by this observation, we introduce a streamlined data filtration framework that employs a compact VLM, fine-tuned on a high-quality image-caption annotated dataset. This model effectively evaluates and filters potential training samples based on caption and image quality and alignment. Unlike previous approaches, which typically add auxiliary filtration modules on top of existing full-scale VLMs, our method exclusively utilizes the inherent evaluative capability of a purpose-built small VLM. This strategy eliminates the need for extra modules and reduces training overhead. Our lightweight model efficiently filters out inaccurate, noisy web data, improving image-text alignment and caption linguistic fluency. Experimental results show that datasets underwent high-precision filtration using our compact VLM perform on par with, or even surpass, larger and noisier datasets gathered through high-volume web crawling. Thus, our method provides a lightweight yet robust solution for building high-quality vision-language training corpora. Availability and implementation: Our compact VLM filtration model, training data, utility scripts, and Supplementary data (Appendices) are freely available at https://github.com/daulettoibazar/Compact_VLM_Filter.","doi":"10.1109/MLSP62443.2025.11204330","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/783c38179b5c03e7f749094946850521c37d569e","result_position":2,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":270711225,"title":"Data curation via joint example selection further accelerates multimodal learning","venue":"Neural Information Processing Systems","year":2024,"authors":["Talfan Evans","Nikhil Parthasarathy","Hamza Merzic","Olivier J. Hénaff"],"abstract":"Data curation is an essential component of large-scale pretraining. In this work, we demonstrate that jointly selecting batches of data is more effective for learning than selecting examples independently. Multimodal contrastive objectives expose the dependencies between data and thus naturally yield criteria for measuring the joint learnability of a batch. We derive a simple and tractable algorithm for selecting such batches, which significantly accelerate training beyond individually-prioritized data points. As performance improves by selecting from larger super-batches, we also leverage recent advances in model approximation to reduce the associated computational overhead. As a result, our approach--multimodal contrastive learning with joint example selection (JEST)--surpasses state-of-the-art models with up to 13$\\times$ fewer iterations and 10$\\times$ less computation. Essential to the performance of JEST is the ability to steer the data selection process towards the distribution of smaller, well-curated datasets via pretrained reference models, exposing the level of data curation as a new dimension for neural scaling laws.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2406.17711","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/41f2432db166caca70386d5ded997690a0597c52","result_position":3,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":273351063,"title":"A CLIP-Powered Framework for Robust and Generalizable Data Selection","venue":"International Conference on Learning Representations","year":2024,"authors":["Suorong Yang","Peng Ye","Wanli Ouyang","Dongzhan Zhou","Furao Shen"],"abstract":"Large-scale datasets have been pivotal to the advancements of deep learning models in recent years, but training on such large datasets invariably incurs substantial storage and computational overhead. Meanwhile, real-world datasets often contain redundant and noisy data, imposing a negative impact on training efficiency and model performance. Data selection has shown promise in identifying the most representative samples from the entire dataset, which aims to minimize the performance gap with reduced training costs. Existing works typically rely on single-modality information to assign importance scores for individual samples, which may lead to inaccurate assessments, especially when dealing with noisy or corrupted samples. To address this limitation, we propose a novel CLIP-powered data selection framework that leverages multimodal information for more robust and generalizable sample selection. Specifically, our framework consists of three key modules-dataset adaptation, sample scoring, and selection optimization-that together harness extensive pre-trained multimodal knowledge to comprehensively assess sample influence and optimize the selection results through multi-objective optimization. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our approach consistently outperforms existing state-of-the-art baselines on various benchmark datasets. Notably, our method effectively removes noisy or damaged samples from the dataset, enabling it to achieve even higher performance with less data. This indicates that it is not only a way to accelerate training but can also improve overall data quality.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2410.11215","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7b23d93309ea88b1933fbe2319a19613b8a5b506","result_position":4,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":276421326,"title":"PRISM: Self-Pruning Intrinsic Selection Method for Training-Free Multimodal Data Selection","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Jinhe Bi","Yifan Wang","Danqi Yan","Xun Xiao","Artur Hecker","Volker Tresp","Yunpu Ma"],"abstract":"Visual instruction tuning adapts pre-trained Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to follow human instructions for real-world applications. However, the rapid growth of these datasets introduces significant redundancy, leading to increased computational costs. Existing methods for selecting instruction data aim to prune this redundancy, but predominantly rely on computationally demanding techniques such as proxy-based inference or training-based metrics. Consequently, the substantial computational costs incurred by these selection processes often exacerbate the very efficiency bottlenecks they are intended to resolve, posing a significant challenge to the scalable and effective tuning of MLLMs. To address this challenge, we first identify a critical, yet previously overlooked, factor: the anisotropy inherent in visual feature distributions. We find that this anisotropy induces a \\textit{Global Semantic Drift}, and overlooking this phenomenon is a key factor limiting the efficiency of current data selection methods. Motivated by this insight, we devise \\textbf{PRISM}, the first training-free framework for efficient visual instruction selection. PRISM surgically removes the corrupting influence of global background features by modeling the intrinsic visual semantics via implicit re-centering. Empirically, PRISM reduces the end-to-end time for data selection and model tuning to just 30\\% of conventional pipelines. More remarkably, it achieves this efficiency while simultaneously enhancing performance, surpassing models fine-tuned on the full dataset across eight multimodal and three language understanding benchmarks, culminating in a 101.7\\% relative improvement over the baseline. The code is available for access via \\href{https://github.com/bibisbar/PRISM}{this repository}.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2502.12119","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f80808ba3d55d5783ebb1c20311060ab5e6b7e90","result_position":5,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":277104066,"title":"Cream of the Crop: Harvesting Rich, Scalable and Transferable Multi-Modal Data for Instruction Fine-Tuning","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Mengyao Lyu","Yan Li","Huasong Zhong","Wenhao Yang","Hui Chen","Jungong Han","Guiguang Ding","Zhenheng Yang"],"abstract":"The hypothesis that pretrained large language models (LLMs) necessitate only minimal supervision during the fine-tuning (SFT) stage (Zhou et al., 2024) has been substantiated by recent advancements in data curation and selection research. However, their stability and generalizability are compromised due to the vulnerability to experimental setups and validation protocols, falling short of surpassing random sampling (Diddee&Ippolito, 2024; Xia et al., 2024b). Built upon LLMs, multi-modal LLMs (MLLMs), combined with the sheer token volume and heightened heterogeneity of data sources, amplify both the significance and complexity of data selection. To harvest multi-modal instructional data in a robust and efficient manner, we re-define the granularity of the quality metric by decomposing it into 14 vision-language-related capabilities, and introduce multi-modal rich scorers to evaluate the capabilities of each data candidate. To promote diversity, in light of the inherent objective of the alignment stage, we take interaction style as diversity indicator and use a multi-modal rich styler to identify data instruction patterns. In doing so, our multi-modal rich scorers and styler (mmSSR) guarantee that high-scoring information is conveyed to users in diversified forms. Free from embedding-based clustering or greedy sampling, mmSSR efficiently scales to millions of data with varying budget constraints, supports customization for general or specific capability acquisition, and facilitates training-free generalization to new domains for curation. Across 10+ experimental settings, validated by 14 multi-modal benchmarks, we demonstrate consistent improvements over random sampling, baseline strategies and state-of-the-art selection methods, achieving 99.1% of full performance with only 30% of the 2.6M data.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2503.13383","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e16c336a502fa9d9ea1bb67537b00fcc8449fa5b","result_position":6,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":280283357,"title":"Multimodal-Guided Dynamic Dataset Pruning for Robust and Efficient Data-Centric Learning","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Suorong Yang","Peijia Li","Yujie Liu","Zhiming Xu","Peng Ye","Wanli Ouyang","Furao Shen","Dongzhan Zhou"],"abstract":"Modern deep models are trained on large real-world datasets, where data quality varies and redundancy is common. Data-centric approaches such as dataset pruning have shown promise in improving training efficiency and model performance. However, most existing methods rely on static heuristics or task-specific metrics, limiting their robustness and generalizability across domains. In this work, we introduce a dynamic dataset pruning framework that adaptively selects training samples based on both task-driven difficulty and cross-modality semantic consistency. By incorporating supervision from pretrained multimodal foundation models, our approach captures training dynamics while effectively filtering out uninformative samples. Our work highlights the potential of integrating cross-modality alignment for robust sample selection, advancing data-centric learning toward more efficient and robust practices across application domains.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2507.12750","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fe1eaec8e8f86a460c96ff5690530521e53bd1ad","result_position":7,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":276287885,"title":"Quality over Quantity: Boosting Data Efficiency Through Ensembled Multimodal Data Curation","venue":"AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","year":2025,"authors":["Jinda Xu","Yuhao Song","Daming Wang","Weiwei Zhao","Minghua Chen","Kangliang Chen","Qinya Li"],"abstract":"In an era overwhelmed by vast amounts of data, the effective curation of web-crawl datasets is essential for optimizing model performance. This paper tackles the challenges associated with the unstructured and heterogeneous nature of such datasets. Traditional heuristic curation methods often inadequately capture complex features, resulting in biases and the exclusion of relevant data. We introduce an advanced, learning-driven approach, Ensemble Curation Of DAta ThroUgh Multimodal Operators, called EcoDatum, which employs a novel quality-guided deduplication method to balance feature distribution. EcoDatum strategically integrates various unimodal and multimodal data curation operators within a weak supervision ensemble framework, utilizing automated optimization to effectively score each data point. EcoDatum, which significantly improves the data curation quality and efficiency, outperforms existing state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques, ranking 1st on the DataComp leaderboard with an average performance score of 0.182 across 38 diverse evaluation datasets. This represents a 28% improvement over the DataComp baseline method, demonstrating its effectiveness in improving dataset curation and model training efficiency.","doi":"10.1609/aaai.v39i20.35481","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4c3a18d0f0443f7c0dee6055e262862d49417fdd","result_position":8,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":272693949,"title":"NVLM: Open Frontier-Class Multimodal LLMs","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2024,"authors":["Wenliang Dai","Nayeon Lee","Boxin Wang","Zhuoling Yang","Zihan Liu","Jon Barker","Tuomas Rintamaki","M. Shoeybi","Bryan Catanzaro","Wei Ping"],"abstract":"We introduce NVLM 1.0, a family of frontier-class multimodal large language models (LLMs) that achieve state-of-the-art results on vision-language tasks, rivaling the leading proprietary models (e.g., GPT-4o) and open-access models (e.g., Llama 3-V 405B and InternVL 2). Remarkably, NVLM 1.0 shows improved text-only performance over its LLM backbone after multimodal training. In terms of model design, we perform a comprehensive comparison between decoder-only multimodal LLMs (e.g., LLaVA) and cross-attention-based models (e.g., Flamingo). Based on the strengths and weaknesses of both approaches, we propose a novel architecture that enhances both training efficiency and multimodal reasoning capabilities. Furthermore, we introduce a 1-D tile-tagging design for tile-based dynamic high-resolution images, which significantly boosts performance on multimodal reasoning and OCR-related tasks. Regarding training data, we meticulously curate and provide detailed information on our multimodal pretraining and supervised fine-tuning datasets. Our findings indicate that dataset quality and task diversity are more important than scale, even during the pretraining phase, across all architectures. Notably, we develop production-grade multimodality for the NVLM-1.0 models, enabling them to excel in vision-language tasks while maintaining and even improving text-only performance compared to their LLM backbones. To achieve this, we craft and integrate a high-quality text-only dataset into multimodal training, alongside a substantial amount of multimodal math and reasoning data, leading to enhanced math and coding capabilities across modalities. To advance research in the field, we release the model weights at https://huggingface.co/nvidia/NVLM-D-72B and will open-source the training code for the community soon.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2409.11402","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9cbe3061ad19f2a955c239a7ccb74d7b12c5f9b6","result_position":9,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":277065890,"title":"Semantic-Clipping: Efficient Vision-Language Modeling with Semantic-Guidedd Visual Selection","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Bangzheng Li","Fei Wang","Wenxuan Zhou","Nan Xu","Ben Zhou","Sheng Zhang","Hoifung Poon","Muhao Chen"],"abstract":"Vision-Language Models (VLMs) leverage aligned visual encoders to transform images into visual tokens, allowing them to be processed similarly to text by the backbone large language model (LLM). This unified input paradigm enables VLMs to excel in vision-language tasks such as visual question answering (VQA). To improve fine-grained visual reasoning, recent advancements in vision-language modeling introduce image cropping techniques that feed all encoded sub-images into the model. However, this approach significantly increases the number of visual tokens, leading to inefficiency and potential distractions for the LLM. To address the generalization challenges of image representation in VLMs, we propose a lightweight, universal framework that seamlessly integrates with existing VLMs to enhance their ability to process finegrained details. Our method leverages textual semantics to identify key visual areas, improving VQA performance without requiring any retraining of the VLM. Additionally, it incorporates textual signals into the visual encoding process, enhancing both efficiency and effectiveness. The proposed method, SEMCLIP, strengthens the visual understanding of a 7B VLM, LLaVA-1.5 by 3.3% on average across 7 benchmarks, and particularly by 5.3% on the challenging detailed understanding benchmark V*.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2503.11794","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c102269a10f04019ce6ac45015c5210d841e43db","result_position":10,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":279403329,"title":"Active Multimodal Distillation for Few-shot Action Recognition","venue":"International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","year":2025,"authors":["Weijia Feng","Yichen Zhu","Ruojia Zhang","Chenyang Wang","Fei Ma","Xiaobao Wang","Xiaobai Li"],"abstract":"Owing to its rapid progress and broad application prospects, few-shot action recognition has attracted considerable interest. However, current methods are predominantly based on limited single-modal data, which does not fully exploit the potential of multimodal information. This paper presents a novel framework that actively identifies reliable modalities for each sample using task-specific contextual cues, thus significantly improving recognition performance. Our framework integrates an Active Sample Inference (ASI) module, which utilizes active inference to predict reliable modalities based on posterior distributions and subsequently organizes them accordingly. Unlike reinforcement learning, active inference replaces rewards with evidence-based preferences, making more stable predictions.\n\nAdditionally, we introduce an active mutual distillation module that enhances the representation learning of less reliable modalities by transferring knowledge from more reliable ones. Adaptive multimodal inference is employed during the meta-test to assign higher weights to reliable modalities. Extensive experiments across multiple benchmarks demonstrate that our method significantly outperforms existing approaches.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2506.13322","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c6f78feb6d33b8bebd391ffa0e4b629ed191f63f","result_position":11,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":264828939,"title":"CapsFusion: Rethinking Image-Text Data at Scale","venue":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","year":2023,"authors":["Qiying Yu","Quan Sun","Xiaosong Zhang","Yufeng Cui","Fan Zhang","Xinlong Wang","Jingjing Liu"],"abstract":"Large multimodal models demonstrate remarkable generalist ability to perform diverse multimodal tasks in a zero-shot manner. Large-scale web-based image-text pairs contribute fundamentally to this success, but suffer from excessive noise. Recent studies use alternative captions synthesized by captioning models and have achieved notable benchmark performance. However, our experiments re-veal significant Scalability Deficiency and World Knowledge Loss issues in models trained with synthetic captions, which have been largely obscured by their initial benchmark success. Upon closer examination, we identify the root cause as the overly-simplified language structure and lack of knowledge details in existing synthetic captions. To provide higher-quality and more scalable multimodal pretraining data, we propose CAPSFUSION, an advanced framework that leverages large language models to consoli-date and refine information from both web-based image-text pairs and synthetic captions. Extensive experiments show that CAPSFUSION captions exhibit remarkable all-round superiority over existing captions in terms of model performance (e.g., 18.8 and 18.3 improvements in CIDEr score on COCO and No Caps), sample efficiency (requiring 11–16 times less computation than baselines), world knowledge depth, and scalability. These effectiveness, efficiency and scalability advantages position CAPSFUSION as a promising candidate for future scaling of LMM training.","doi":"10.1109/CVPR52733.2024.01330","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/56cb3506586c540d4bd2c573fad66d22dff69826","result_position":12,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":274859457,"title":"Progressive Multimodal Reasoning via Active Retrieval","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2024,"authors":["Guanting Dong","Chenghao Zhang","Mengjie Deng","Yutao Zhu","Zhicheng Dou","Ji-rong Wen"],"abstract":"Multi-step multimodal reasoning tasks pose significant challenges for multimodal large language models (MLLMs), and finding effective ways to enhance their performance in such scenarios remains an unresolved issue. In this paper, we propose AR-MCTS, a universal framework designed to progressively improve the reasoning capabilities of MLLMs through Active Retrieval (AR) and Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS). Our approach begins with the development of a unified retrieval module that retrieves key supporting insights for solving complex reasoning problems from a hybrid-modal retrieval corpus. To bridge the gap in automated multimodal reasoning verification, we employ the MCTS algorithm combined with an active retrieval mechanism, which enables the automatic generation of step-wise annotations. This strategy dynamically retrieves key insights for each reasoning step, moving beyond traditional beam search sampling to improve the diversity and reliability of the reasoning space. Additionally, we introduce a process reward model that aligns progressively to support the automatic verification of multimodal reasoning tasks. Experimental results across three complex multimodal reasoning benchmarks confirm the effectiveness of the AR-MCTS framework in enhancing the performance of various multimodal models. Further analysis demonstrates that AR-MCTS can optimize sampling diversity and accuracy, yielding reliable multimodal reasoning.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2412.14835","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f05cf0438b5dc19bc4d32ca6cd85d1525c936de6","result_position":13,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":274597562,"title":"Mastering Collaborative Multi-modal Data Selection: A Focus on Informativeness, Uniqueness, and Representativeness","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2024,"authors":["Qifan Yu","Zhebei Shen","Zhongqi Yue","Yang Wu","Wenqiao Zhang","Yunfei Li","Juncheng Li","Siliang Tang","Yueting Zhuang"],"abstract":"Instruction tuning fine-tunes pre-trained Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to handle real-world tasks. However, the rapid expansion of visual instruction datasets introduces data redundancy, leading to excessive computational costs. We propose a collaborative framework, DataTailor, which leverages three key principles--informativeness, uniqueness, and representativeness--for effective data selection. We argue that a valuable sample should be informative of the task, non-redundant, and represent the sample distribution (i.e., not an outlier). We further propose practical ways to score against each principle, which automatically adapts to a given dataset without tedious hyperparameter tuning. Comprehensive experiments on various benchmarks demonstrate that DataTailor achieves 101.3% of the performance of full-data fine-tuning with only 15% of the data, significantly reducing computational costs while maintaining superior results. This exemplifies the\"Less is More\"philosophy in MLLM development. The code and data is available in this \\href{https://github.com/Yuqifan1117/DataTailor}{URL}.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2412.06293","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4925492709034cfb614e89c15174669efc54d169","result_position":14,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":274422757,"title":"Active Data Curation Effectively Distills Large-Scale Multimodal Models","venue":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","year":2024,"authors":["Vishaal Udandarao","Nikhil Parthasarathy","Muhammad Ferjad Naeem","Talfan Evans","Samuel Albanie","Federico Tombari","Yongqin Xian","A. Tonioni","Olivier J. H'enaff"],"abstract":"Knowledge distillation (KD) is the de facto standard for compressing large-scale multimodal models into smaller ones. Prior works have explored ever more complex KD strategies involving different objectives, teacher-ensembles, and weight inheritance. In this work, we explore an alternative, yet simple approach—active data curation as effective distillation for contrastive multimodal pretraining. Our simple online batch selection method, ACID, outperforms strong KD baselines across various model-,data-and compute-configurations. Further, we find such an active curation strategy to in fact be complementary to standard KD, and can be effectively combined to train highly performant inference-efficient models. Our simple and scalable pretraining framework, ACED, achieves state-of-the-art results across 27 zero-shot classification and image-text retrieval tasks with upto 11% less inference FLOPs. We further demonstrate that ACED yields strong vision-encoders for training generative multimodal models, outperforming larger vision encoders on image-captioning and visual question-answering tasks.","doi":"10.1109/CVPR52734.2025.01345","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/81bd7e7c60bfd145a422ec948716ee548131348f","result_position":15,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":266162309,"title":"Bad Students Make Great Teachers: Active Learning Accelerates Large-Scale Visual Understanding","venue":"European Conference on Computer Vision","year":2023,"authors":["Talfan Evans","Shreya Pathak","Hamza Merzic","J. Schwarz","Ryutaro Tanno","Olivier J. Hénaff"],"abstract":"Power-law scaling indicates that large-scale training with uniform sampling is prohibitively slow. Active learning methods aim to increase data efficiency by prioritizing learning on the most relevant examples. Despite their appeal, these methods have yet to be widely adopted since no one algorithm has been shown to a) generalize across models and tasks b) scale to large datasets and c) yield overall FLOP savings when accounting for the overhead of data selection. In this work we propose a method which satisfies these three properties, leveraging small, cheap proxy models to estimate\"learnability\"scores for datapoints, which are used to prioritize data for the training of much larger models. As a result, our models require 46% and 51% fewer training updates and up to 25% less total computation to reach the same performance as uniformly trained visual classifiers on JFT and multimodal models on ALIGN. Finally, we find our data-prioritization scheme to be complementary with recent data-curation and learning objectives, yielding a new state-of-the-art in several multimodal transfer tasks.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2312.05328","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1474e217837d8ca031374d87f0f00be5e578a3de","result_position":16,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":274610115,"title":"FM2DS: Few-Shot Multimodal Multihop Data Synthesis with Knowledge Distillation for Question Answering","venue":"Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","year":2024,"authors":["Amirhossein Abaskohi","Spandana Gella","Giuseppe Carenini","I. Laradji"],"abstract":"Multimodal multihop question answering (MMQA) requires reasoning over images and text from multiple sources. Despite advances in visual question answering, this multihop setting remains underexplored due to a lack of quality datasets. Existing methods focus on single-hop, single-modality, or short texts, limiting real-world applications like interpreting educational documents with long, multimodal content. To fill this gap, we introduce FM2DS, the first framework for creating a high-quality dataset for MMQA. Our approach consists of a 5-stage pipeline that involves acquiring relevant multimodal documents from Wikipedia, synthetically generating high-level questions and answers, and validating them through rigorous criteria to ensure data quality. We evaluate our methodology by training models on our synthesized dataset and testing on two benchmarks: MultimodalQA and WebQA. Our results demonstrate that, with an equal sample size, models trained on our synthesized data outperform those trained on human-collected data by 1.9 in exact match (EM) score on average. Additionally, we introduce M2QA-Bench with 1k samples, the first benchmark for MMQA on long documents, generated using FM2DS and refined by human annotators. We believe our data synthesis method will serve as a strong foundation for training and evaluating MMQA models.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2412.07030","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fc52a3ac05abcc00182f252e3fa2f7c561e6529e","result_position":17,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":267412854,"title":"Variance Alignment Score: A Simple But Tough-to-Beat Data Selection Method for Multimodal Contrastive Learning","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2024,"authors":["Yiping Wang","Yifang Chen","Wendan Yan","Kevin Jamieson","S. Du"],"abstract":"In recent years, data selection has emerged as a core issue for large-scale visual-language model pretraining, especially on noisy web-curated datasets. One widely adopted strategy assigns quality scores such as CLIP similarity for each sample and retains the data pairs with the highest scores. However, these approaches are agnostic of data distribution and always fail to select the most informative samples. To solve this problem, we propose a simple yet theoretically principled metric named Variance Alignment Score (VAS), which has the form $\\langle \\Sigma_{\\text{test}}, \\Sigma_i\\rangle$. Here, $\\Sigma_{\\text{test}}$ represents the target (cross-)covariance matrix we aim to align, potentially based on prior knowledge, while $\\Sigma_i$ denotes the tensor product of single or multi-modal representations for the $i$-th sample. We further design a new data selection method that maximizes the total VAS. We provide theoretical analysis in a simplified setting to demonstrate the theoretical advantage of VAS over random or other existing data selection. Experimentally, applying VAS and CLIP scores together can outperform baselines by a margin of $1.3\\%$ average on 38 evaluation sets for noisy dataset DataComp and $2.5\\%$ on VTAB for high-quality dataset CC12M. Additionally, our ablation study also shows visual features are better than text for calculating VAS, and the related classical experimental design methods may fail under this context.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2402.02055","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c5ddd74a27263866e9fd1b395752a4d65794ecb1","result_position":18,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":276422637,"title":"SynthVLM: Towards High-Quality and Efficient Synthesis of Image-Caption Datasets for Vision-Language Models","venue":"ACM Multimedia","year":2024,"authors":["Zheng Liu","Hao Liang","Bozhou Li","Wentao Xiong","Chong Chen","Conghui He","Wentao Zhang","Bin Cui"],"abstract":"Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have recently emerged, demonstrating remarkable vision-understanding capabilities. However, training these models requires large-scale datasets, which brings challenges related to efficiency, effectiveness, and quality of web data. In this paper, we introduce SynthVLM, a new data synthesis and curation method for generating image-caption pairs. Unlike traditional methods, where captions are generated from images, SynthVLM utilizes advanced diffusion models and high-quality captions to synthesize and select images from text captions, thereby creating precisely aligned image-text pairs. We further introduce SynthVLM-100K, a high-quality dataset consisting of 100K curated and synthesized image-caption pairs. In both model and human evaluations, SynthVLM-100K outperforms traditional real-world datasets. Leveraging this dataset, we develop a new family of multimodal large language models (MLLMs), SynthVLM-7B and SynthVLM-13B, which achieve state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance on various vision question-answering (VQA) tasks. Notably, our models outperform LLaVA across most metrics with only 18% pretrain data. Furthermore, SynthVLM-7B and SynthVLM-13B attain SOTA performance on the MMLU benchmark, demonstrating that the high-quality SynthVLM-100K dataset preserves language abilities. Our dataset and the complete data generating and curating methods can be found in https://github.com/starriver030515/SynthVLM.","doi":"10.1145/3746027.3758222","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b2e778241277f3912ac6e1e3e872eb0515f4de45","result_position":19,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":220888815,"title":"Quality and Relevance Metrics for Selection of Multimodal Pretraining Data","venue":"2020 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)","year":2020,"authors":["Roshan Rao","Sudha Rao","E. Nouri","Debadeepta Dey","Asli Celikyilmaz","W. Dolan"],"abstract":"Self-supervised pretraining has become a strong force in both language and vision tasks. Current efforts to improve the effects of pretraining focus on improving network architecture or defining new tasks to extract representations from the data. We focus on a third axis, the data itself, to quantify and measure how different sources and quality of data can affect the learned representations. As pretraining datasets grow larger and larger, the cost of pretraining will continue to increase. This issue is especially acute for visuolingusitic data, as the cost of storage and processing for image and video data will rise quickly. We therefore examine four vi- suolinguistic datasets (three preexisting datasets and one collected by us) for their utility as pretraining datasets. We define metrics for dataset quality and relevance, propose a method for subsampling large corpuses for the data most relevant to a set of downstream multimodal vision and language tasks of interest, and show that this method increases performance across the board for all downstream tasks.","doi":"10.1109/CVPRW50498.2020.00486","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0b9c8fa914be1c59f3d5ad1a5e7e41164e4ca5b2","result_position":20,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":269758149,"title":"Meta-Learned Modality-Weighted Knowledge Distillation for Robust Multi-Modal Learning with Missing Data","venue":"","year":2024,"authors":["Hu Wang","Congbo Ma","Yuyuan Liu","Yuanhong Chen","Yu Tian","Jodie Avery","Louise Hull","G. Carneiro"],"abstract":"In multi-modal learning, some modalities are more influential than others, and their absence can have a significant impact on classification/segmentation accuracy. Addressing this challenge, we propose a novel approach called Meta-learned Modality-weighted Knowledge Distillation (MetaKD), which enables multi-modal models to maintain high accuracy even when key modalities are missing. MetaKD adaptively estimates the importance weight of each modality through a meta-learning process. These learned importance weights guide a pairwise modality-weighted knowledge distillation process, allowing high-importance modalities to transfer knowledge to lower-importance ones, resulting in robust performance despite missing inputs. Unlike previous methods in the field, which are often task-specific and require significant modifications, our approach is designed to work in multiple tasks (e.g., segmentation and classification) with minimal adaptation. Experimental results on five prevalent datasets, including three Brain Tumor Segmentation datasets (BraTS2018, BraTS2019 and BraTS2020), the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) classification dataset and the Audiovision-MNIST classification dataset, demonstrate the proposed model is able to outperform the compared models by a large margin. The code is available at https://github.com/billhhh/MetaKD.","doi":"","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/64c2e2adb40b8713577a35b8c0a869b27a17b9bf","result_position":21,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":277856893,"title":"Data Metabolism: An Efficient Data Design Schema For Vision Language Model","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Jingyuan Zhang","Hongzhi Zhang","Haonan Zhou","Chenxi Sun","Xingguang Ji","Jiakang Wang","Fanheng Kong","Yahui Liu","Qi Wang","Fuzheng Zhang"],"abstract":"Data curation plays a crucial role in training powerful Visual Language Models (VLMs). In this work, we introduce the concept of Data Metabolism and present our data-centric framework to build VLMs throughout the development lifecycle. Starting from a standard model architecture, we discuss and provide insights into two crucial development steps: data curation and iteration, forming a closed-loop system that continuously improves model performance. We show a detailed codebook on how to process existing massive datasets and build user-specific data flywheel. As a demonstration, we release a VLM, named Capybara-VL, which excels in typical multimodal tasks (e.g. , visual question answering, scientific reasoning, and text-rich tasks). Despite its relatively compact size, Capybara-VL surpasses several open-source models that are up to 10 times larger in size. Moreover, it achieves results that are on par with those of several leading proprietary models, demonstrating its remarkable competitiveness. These results highlight the power of our data-centric framework and the potential of training smaller and more efficient VLMs.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2504.12316","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9169fff2c69fa9d6b8ce743d0509cb72eeb914de","result_position":22,"is_clicked":false}],"string":"[\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 279261268,\n \"title\": \"Better Reasoning with Less Data: Enhancing VLMs Through Unified Modality Scoring\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Mingjie Xu\",\n \"Andrew Estornell\",\n \"Hongzheng Yang\",\n \"Yuzhi Zhao\",\n \"Zhaowei Zhu\",\n \"Qi Xuan\",\n \"Jiaheng Wei\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The application of visual instruction tuning and other post-training techniques has significantly enhanced the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in visual understanding, enriching Vision-Language Models (VLMs) with more comprehensive visual language datasets. However, the effectiveness of VLMs is highly dependent on large-scale, high-quality datasets that ensure precise recognition and accurate reasoning. Two key challenges hinder progress: (1) noisy alignments between images and the corresponding text, which leads to misinterpretation, and (2) ambiguous or misleading text, which obscures visual content. To address these challenges, we propose SCALE (Single modality data quality and Cross modality Alignment Evaluation), a novel quality-driven data selection pipeline for VLM instruction tuning datasets. Specifically, SCALE integrates a cross-modality assessment framework that first assigns each data entry to its appropriate vision-language task, generates general and task-specific captions (covering scenes, objects, style, etc.), and evaluates the alignment, clarity, task rarity, text coherence, and image clarity of each entry based on the generated captions. We reveal that: (1) current unimodal quality assessment methods evaluate one modality while overlooking the rest, which can underestimate samples essential for specific tasks and discard the lower-quality instances that help build model robustness; and (2) appropriately generated image captions provide an efficient way to transfer the image-text multimodal task into a unified text modality.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2506.08429\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c6b64a16c00e37776a52534eb0c2337a62ba7acf\",\n \"result_position\": 0,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 274655829,\n \"title\": \"Enhancing Modality Representation and Alignment for Multimodal Cold-start Active Learning\",\n \"venue\": \"ACM Multimedia Asia\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Meng Shen\",\n \"Yake Wei\",\n \"Jianxiong Yin\",\n \"Deepu Rajan\",\n \"Di Hu\",\n \"Simon See\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Training multimodal models requires a large amount of labeled data. Active learning (AL) aim to reduce labeling costs. Most AL methods employ warm-start approaches, which rely on sufficient labeled data to train a well-calibrated model that can assess the uncertainty and diversity of unlabeled data. However, when assembling a dataset, labeled data are often scarce initially, leading to a cold-start problem. Additionally, most AL methods seldom address multimodal data, highlighting a research gap in this field. Our research addresses these issues by developing a two-stage method for Multi-Modal Cold-Start Active Learning (MMCSAL). Firstly, we observe the modality gap, a significant distance between the centroids of representations from different modalities, when only using cross-modal pairing information as self-supervision signals. This modality gap affects data selection process, as we calculate both uni-modal and cross-modal distances. To address this, we introduce uni-modal prototypes to bridge the modality gap. Secondly, conventional AL methods often falter in multimodal scenarios where alignment between modalities is overlooked. Therefore, we propose enhancing cross-modal alignment through regularization, thereby improving the quality of selected multimodal data pairs in AL. Finally, our experiments demonstrate MMCSAL’s efficacy in selecting multimodal data pairs across three multimodal datasets.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1145/3696409.3700225\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/136f88c987851b418aba035b5193c433626e22e0\",\n \"result_position\": 1,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 280324176,\n \"title\": \"Trust the Model: Compact VLMS as In-Context Judges for Image-Text Data Quality\",\n \"venue\": \"International Workshop on Machine Learning for Signal Processing\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Daulet Toibazar\",\n \"Kesen Wang\",\n \"Sherif Mohamed\",\n \"Abdulaziz Al-Badawi\",\n \"Abdulrahman Alfulayt\",\n \"Pedro J. Moreno\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Vision-language models (VLMs) extend the conventional large language models by integrating visual data, enabling richer multimodal reasoning and significantly broadens the practical applications of AI. However, including visual inputs also brings new challenges in maintaining data quality. Empirical evidence consistently shows that carefully curated and representative training examples often yield superior results compared to simply increasing the quantity of data. Inspired by this observation, we introduce a streamlined data filtration framework that employs a compact VLM, fine-tuned on a high-quality image-caption annotated dataset. This model effectively evaluates and filters potential training samples based on caption and image quality and alignment. Unlike previous approaches, which typically add auxiliary filtration modules on top of existing full-scale VLMs, our method exclusively utilizes the inherent evaluative capability of a purpose-built small VLM. This strategy eliminates the need for extra modules and reduces training overhead. Our lightweight model efficiently filters out inaccurate, noisy web data, improving image-text alignment and caption linguistic fluency. Experimental results show that datasets underwent high-precision filtration using our compact VLM perform on par with, or even surpass, larger and noisier datasets gathered through high-volume web crawling. Thus, our method provides a lightweight yet robust solution for building high-quality vision-language training corpora. Availability and implementation: Our compact VLM filtration model, training data, utility scripts, and Supplementary data (Appendices) are freely available at https://github.com/daulettoibazar/Compact_VLM_Filter.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/MLSP62443.2025.11204330\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/783c38179b5c03e7f749094946850521c37d569e\",\n \"result_position\": 2,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 270711225,\n \"title\": \"Data curation via joint example selection further accelerates multimodal learning\",\n \"venue\": \"Neural Information Processing Systems\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Talfan Evans\",\n \"Nikhil Parthasarathy\",\n \"Hamza Merzic\",\n \"Olivier J. Hénaff\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Data curation is an essential component of large-scale pretraining. In this work, we demonstrate that jointly selecting batches of data is more effective for learning than selecting examples independently. Multimodal contrastive objectives expose the dependencies between data and thus naturally yield criteria for measuring the joint learnability of a batch. We derive a simple and tractable algorithm for selecting such batches, which significantly accelerate training beyond individually-prioritized data points. As performance improves by selecting from larger super-batches, we also leverage recent advances in model approximation to reduce the associated computational overhead. As a result, our approach--multimodal contrastive learning with joint example selection (JEST)--surpasses state-of-the-art models with up to 13$\\\\times$ fewer iterations and 10$\\\\times$ less computation. Essential to the performance of JEST is the ability to steer the data selection process towards the distribution of smaller, well-curated datasets via pretrained reference models, exposing the level of data curation as a new dimension for neural scaling laws.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2406.17711\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/41f2432db166caca70386d5ded997690a0597c52\",\n \"result_position\": 3,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 273351063,\n \"title\": \"A CLIP-Powered Framework for Robust and Generalizable Data Selection\",\n \"venue\": \"International Conference on Learning Representations\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Suorong Yang\",\n \"Peng Ye\",\n \"Wanli Ouyang\",\n \"Dongzhan Zhou\",\n \"Furao Shen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large-scale datasets have been pivotal to the advancements of deep learning models in recent years, but training on such large datasets invariably incurs substantial storage and computational overhead. Meanwhile, real-world datasets often contain redundant and noisy data, imposing a negative impact on training efficiency and model performance. Data selection has shown promise in identifying the most representative samples from the entire dataset, which aims to minimize the performance gap with reduced training costs. Existing works typically rely on single-modality information to assign importance scores for individual samples, which may lead to inaccurate assessments, especially when dealing with noisy or corrupted samples. To address this limitation, we propose a novel CLIP-powered data selection framework that leverages multimodal information for more robust and generalizable sample selection. Specifically, our framework consists of three key modules-dataset adaptation, sample scoring, and selection optimization-that together harness extensive pre-trained multimodal knowledge to comprehensively assess sample influence and optimize the selection results through multi-objective optimization. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our approach consistently outperforms existing state-of-the-art baselines on various benchmark datasets. Notably, our method effectively removes noisy or damaged samples from the dataset, enabling it to achieve even higher performance with less data. This indicates that it is not only a way to accelerate training but can also improve overall data quality.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2410.11215\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7b23d93309ea88b1933fbe2319a19613b8a5b506\",\n \"result_position\": 4,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 276421326,\n \"title\": \"PRISM: Self-Pruning Intrinsic Selection Method for Training-Free Multimodal Data Selection\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jinhe Bi\",\n \"Yifan Wang\",\n \"Danqi Yan\",\n \"Xun Xiao\",\n \"Artur Hecker\",\n \"Volker Tresp\",\n \"Yunpu Ma\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Visual instruction tuning adapts pre-trained Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to follow human instructions for real-world applications. However, the rapid growth of these datasets introduces significant redundancy, leading to increased computational costs. Existing methods for selecting instruction data aim to prune this redundancy, but predominantly rely on computationally demanding techniques such as proxy-based inference or training-based metrics. Consequently, the substantial computational costs incurred by these selection processes often exacerbate the very efficiency bottlenecks they are intended to resolve, posing a significant challenge to the scalable and effective tuning of MLLMs. To address this challenge, we first identify a critical, yet previously overlooked, factor: the anisotropy inherent in visual feature distributions. We find that this anisotropy induces a \\\\textit{Global Semantic Drift}, and overlooking this phenomenon is a key factor limiting the efficiency of current data selection methods. Motivated by this insight, we devise \\\\textbf{PRISM}, the first training-free framework for efficient visual instruction selection. PRISM surgically removes the corrupting influence of global background features by modeling the intrinsic visual semantics via implicit re-centering. Empirically, PRISM reduces the end-to-end time for data selection and model tuning to just 30\\\\% of conventional pipelines. More remarkably, it achieves this efficiency while simultaneously enhancing performance, surpassing models fine-tuned on the full dataset across eight multimodal and three language understanding benchmarks, culminating in a 101.7\\\\% relative improvement over the baseline. The code is available for access via \\\\href{https://github.com/bibisbar/PRISM}{this repository}.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2502.12119\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f80808ba3d55d5783ebb1c20311060ab5e6b7e90\",\n \"result_position\": 5,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 277104066,\n \"title\": \"Cream of the Crop: Harvesting Rich, Scalable and Transferable Multi-Modal Data for Instruction Fine-Tuning\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Mengyao Lyu\",\n \"Yan Li\",\n \"Huasong Zhong\",\n \"Wenhao Yang\",\n \"Hui Chen\",\n \"Jungong Han\",\n \"Guiguang Ding\",\n \"Zhenheng Yang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The hypothesis that pretrained large language models (LLMs) necessitate only minimal supervision during the fine-tuning (SFT) stage (Zhou et al., 2024) has been substantiated by recent advancements in data curation and selection research. However, their stability and generalizability are compromised due to the vulnerability to experimental setups and validation protocols, falling short of surpassing random sampling (Diddee&Ippolito, 2024; Xia et al., 2024b). Built upon LLMs, multi-modal LLMs (MLLMs), combined with the sheer token volume and heightened heterogeneity of data sources, amplify both the significance and complexity of data selection. To harvest multi-modal instructional data in a robust and efficient manner, we re-define the granularity of the quality metric by decomposing it into 14 vision-language-related capabilities, and introduce multi-modal rich scorers to evaluate the capabilities of each data candidate. To promote diversity, in light of the inherent objective of the alignment stage, we take interaction style as diversity indicator and use a multi-modal rich styler to identify data instruction patterns. In doing so, our multi-modal rich scorers and styler (mmSSR) guarantee that high-scoring information is conveyed to users in diversified forms. Free from embedding-based clustering or greedy sampling, mmSSR efficiently scales to millions of data with varying budget constraints, supports customization for general or specific capability acquisition, and facilitates training-free generalization to new domains for curation. Across 10+ experimental settings, validated by 14 multi-modal benchmarks, we demonstrate consistent improvements over random sampling, baseline strategies and state-of-the-art selection methods, achieving 99.1% of full performance with only 30% of the 2.6M data.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2503.13383\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e16c336a502fa9d9ea1bb67537b00fcc8449fa5b\",\n \"result_position\": 6,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 280283357,\n \"title\": \"Multimodal-Guided Dynamic Dataset Pruning for Robust and Efficient Data-Centric Learning\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Suorong Yang\",\n \"Peijia Li\",\n \"Yujie Liu\",\n \"Zhiming Xu\",\n \"Peng Ye\",\n \"Wanli Ouyang\",\n \"Furao Shen\",\n \"Dongzhan Zhou\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Modern deep models are trained on large real-world datasets, where data quality varies and redundancy is common. Data-centric approaches such as dataset pruning have shown promise in improving training efficiency and model performance. However, most existing methods rely on static heuristics or task-specific metrics, limiting their robustness and generalizability across domains. In this work, we introduce a dynamic dataset pruning framework that adaptively selects training samples based on both task-driven difficulty and cross-modality semantic consistency. By incorporating supervision from pretrained multimodal foundation models, our approach captures training dynamics while effectively filtering out uninformative samples. Our work highlights the potential of integrating cross-modality alignment for robust sample selection, advancing data-centric learning toward more efficient and robust practices across application domains.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2507.12750\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fe1eaec8e8f86a460c96ff5690530521e53bd1ad\",\n \"result_position\": 7,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 276287885,\n \"title\": \"Quality over Quantity: Boosting Data Efficiency Through Ensembled Multimodal Data Curation\",\n \"venue\": \"AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jinda Xu\",\n \"Yuhao Song\",\n \"Daming Wang\",\n \"Weiwei Zhao\",\n \"Minghua Chen\",\n \"Kangliang Chen\",\n \"Qinya Li\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In an era overwhelmed by vast amounts of data, the effective curation of web-crawl datasets is essential for optimizing model performance. This paper tackles the challenges associated with the unstructured and heterogeneous nature of such datasets. Traditional heuristic curation methods often inadequately capture complex features, resulting in biases and the exclusion of relevant data. We introduce an advanced, learning-driven approach, Ensemble Curation Of DAta ThroUgh Multimodal Operators, called EcoDatum, which employs a novel quality-guided deduplication method to balance feature distribution. EcoDatum strategically integrates various unimodal and multimodal data curation operators within a weak supervision ensemble framework, utilizing automated optimization to effectively score each data point. EcoDatum, which significantly improves the data curation quality and efficiency, outperforms existing state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques, ranking 1st on the DataComp leaderboard with an average performance score of 0.182 across 38 diverse evaluation datasets. This represents a 28% improvement over the DataComp baseline method, demonstrating its effectiveness in improving dataset curation and model training efficiency.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1609/aaai.v39i20.35481\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4c3a18d0f0443f7c0dee6055e262862d49417fdd\",\n \"result_position\": 8,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 272693949,\n \"title\": \"NVLM: Open Frontier-Class Multimodal LLMs\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Wenliang Dai\",\n \"Nayeon Lee\",\n \"Boxin Wang\",\n \"Zhuoling Yang\",\n \"Zihan Liu\",\n \"Jon Barker\",\n \"Tuomas Rintamaki\",\n \"M. Shoeybi\",\n \"Bryan Catanzaro\",\n \"Wei Ping\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"We introduce NVLM 1.0, a family of frontier-class multimodal large language models (LLMs) that achieve state-of-the-art results on vision-language tasks, rivaling the leading proprietary models (e.g., GPT-4o) and open-access models (e.g., Llama 3-V 405B and InternVL 2). Remarkably, NVLM 1.0 shows improved text-only performance over its LLM backbone after multimodal training. In terms of model design, we perform a comprehensive comparison between decoder-only multimodal LLMs (e.g., LLaVA) and cross-attention-based models (e.g., Flamingo). Based on the strengths and weaknesses of both approaches, we propose a novel architecture that enhances both training efficiency and multimodal reasoning capabilities. Furthermore, we introduce a 1-D tile-tagging design for tile-based dynamic high-resolution images, which significantly boosts performance on multimodal reasoning and OCR-related tasks. Regarding training data, we meticulously curate and provide detailed information on our multimodal pretraining and supervised fine-tuning datasets. Our findings indicate that dataset quality and task diversity are more important than scale, even during the pretraining phase, across all architectures. Notably, we develop production-grade multimodality for the NVLM-1.0 models, enabling them to excel in vision-language tasks while maintaining and even improving text-only performance compared to their LLM backbones. To achieve this, we craft and integrate a high-quality text-only dataset into multimodal training, alongside a substantial amount of multimodal math and reasoning data, leading to enhanced math and coding capabilities across modalities. To advance research in the field, we release the model weights at https://huggingface.co/nvidia/NVLM-D-72B and will open-source the training code for the community soon.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2409.11402\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9cbe3061ad19f2a955c239a7ccb74d7b12c5f9b6\",\n \"result_position\": 9,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 277065890,\n \"title\": \"Semantic-Clipping: Efficient Vision-Language Modeling with Semantic-Guidedd Visual Selection\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Bangzheng Li\",\n \"Fei Wang\",\n \"Wenxuan Zhou\",\n \"Nan Xu\",\n \"Ben Zhou\",\n \"Sheng Zhang\",\n \"Hoifung Poon\",\n \"Muhao Chen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Vision-Language Models (VLMs) leverage aligned visual encoders to transform images into visual tokens, allowing them to be processed similarly to text by the backbone large language model (LLM). This unified input paradigm enables VLMs to excel in vision-language tasks such as visual question answering (VQA). To improve fine-grained visual reasoning, recent advancements in vision-language modeling introduce image cropping techniques that feed all encoded sub-images into the model. However, this approach significantly increases the number of visual tokens, leading to inefficiency and potential distractions for the LLM. To address the generalization challenges of image representation in VLMs, we propose a lightweight, universal framework that seamlessly integrates with existing VLMs to enhance their ability to process finegrained details. Our method leverages textual semantics to identify key visual areas, improving VQA performance without requiring any retraining of the VLM. Additionally, it incorporates textual signals into the visual encoding process, enhancing both efficiency and effectiveness. The proposed method, SEMCLIP, strengthens the visual understanding of a 7B VLM, LLaVA-1.5 by 3.3% on average across 7 benchmarks, and particularly by 5.3% on the challenging detailed understanding benchmark V*.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2503.11794\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c102269a10f04019ce6ac45015c5210d841e43db\",\n \"result_position\": 10,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 279403329,\n \"title\": \"Active Multimodal Distillation for Few-shot Action Recognition\",\n \"venue\": \"International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Weijia Feng\",\n \"Yichen Zhu\",\n \"Ruojia Zhang\",\n \"Chenyang Wang\",\n \"Fei Ma\",\n \"Xiaobao Wang\",\n \"Xiaobai Li\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Owing to its rapid progress and broad application prospects, few-shot action recognition has attracted considerable interest. However, current methods are predominantly based on limited single-modal data, which does not fully exploit the potential of multimodal information. This paper presents a novel framework that actively identifies reliable modalities for each sample using task-specific contextual cues, thus significantly improving recognition performance. Our framework integrates an Active Sample Inference (ASI) module, which utilizes active inference to predict reliable modalities based on posterior distributions and subsequently organizes them accordingly. Unlike reinforcement learning, active inference replaces rewards with evidence-based preferences, making more stable predictions.\\n\\nAdditionally, we introduce an active mutual distillation module that enhances the representation learning of less reliable modalities by transferring knowledge from more reliable ones. Adaptive multimodal inference is employed during the meta-test to assign higher weights to reliable modalities. Extensive experiments across multiple benchmarks demonstrate that our method significantly outperforms existing approaches.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2506.13322\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c6f78feb6d33b8bebd391ffa0e4b629ed191f63f\",\n \"result_position\": 11,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 264828939,\n \"title\": \"CapsFusion: Rethinking Image-Text Data at Scale\",\n \"venue\": \"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Qiying Yu\",\n \"Quan Sun\",\n \"Xiaosong Zhang\",\n \"Yufeng Cui\",\n \"Fan Zhang\",\n \"Xinlong Wang\",\n \"Jingjing Liu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large multimodal models demonstrate remarkable generalist ability to perform diverse multimodal tasks in a zero-shot manner. Large-scale web-based image-text pairs contribute fundamentally to this success, but suffer from excessive noise. Recent studies use alternative captions synthesized by captioning models and have achieved notable benchmark performance. However, our experiments re-veal significant Scalability Deficiency and World Knowledge Loss issues in models trained with synthetic captions, which have been largely obscured by their initial benchmark success. Upon closer examination, we identify the root cause as the overly-simplified language structure and lack of knowledge details in existing synthetic captions. To provide higher-quality and more scalable multimodal pretraining data, we propose CAPSFUSION, an advanced framework that leverages large language models to consoli-date and refine information from both web-based image-text pairs and synthetic captions. Extensive experiments show that CAPSFUSION captions exhibit remarkable all-round superiority over existing captions in terms of model performance (e.g., 18.8 and 18.3 improvements in CIDEr score on COCO and No Caps), sample efficiency (requiring 11–16 times less computation than baselines), world knowledge depth, and scalability. These effectiveness, efficiency and scalability advantages position CAPSFUSION as a promising candidate for future scaling of LMM training.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/CVPR52733.2024.01330\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/56cb3506586c540d4bd2c573fad66d22dff69826\",\n \"result_position\": 12,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 274859457,\n \"title\": \"Progressive Multimodal Reasoning via Active Retrieval\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Guanting Dong\",\n \"Chenghao Zhang\",\n \"Mengjie Deng\",\n \"Yutao Zhu\",\n \"Zhicheng Dou\",\n \"Ji-rong Wen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Multi-step multimodal reasoning tasks pose significant challenges for multimodal large language models (MLLMs), and finding effective ways to enhance their performance in such scenarios remains an unresolved issue. In this paper, we propose AR-MCTS, a universal framework designed to progressively improve the reasoning capabilities of MLLMs through Active Retrieval (AR) and Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS). Our approach begins with the development of a unified retrieval module that retrieves key supporting insights for solving complex reasoning problems from a hybrid-modal retrieval corpus. To bridge the gap in automated multimodal reasoning verification, we employ the MCTS algorithm combined with an active retrieval mechanism, which enables the automatic generation of step-wise annotations. This strategy dynamically retrieves key insights for each reasoning step, moving beyond traditional beam search sampling to improve the diversity and reliability of the reasoning space. Additionally, we introduce a process reward model that aligns progressively to support the automatic verification of multimodal reasoning tasks. Experimental results across three complex multimodal reasoning benchmarks confirm the effectiveness of the AR-MCTS framework in enhancing the performance of various multimodal models. Further analysis demonstrates that AR-MCTS can optimize sampling diversity and accuracy, yielding reliable multimodal reasoning.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2412.14835\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f05cf0438b5dc19bc4d32ca6cd85d1525c936de6\",\n \"result_position\": 13,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 274597562,\n \"title\": \"Mastering Collaborative Multi-modal Data Selection: A Focus on Informativeness, Uniqueness, and Representativeness\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Qifan Yu\",\n \"Zhebei Shen\",\n \"Zhongqi Yue\",\n \"Yang Wu\",\n \"Wenqiao Zhang\",\n \"Yunfei Li\",\n \"Juncheng Li\",\n \"Siliang Tang\",\n \"Yueting Zhuang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Instruction tuning fine-tunes pre-trained Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to handle real-world tasks. However, the rapid expansion of visual instruction datasets introduces data redundancy, leading to excessive computational costs. We propose a collaborative framework, DataTailor, which leverages three key principles--informativeness, uniqueness, and representativeness--for effective data selection. We argue that a valuable sample should be informative of the task, non-redundant, and represent the sample distribution (i.e., not an outlier). We further propose practical ways to score against each principle, which automatically adapts to a given dataset without tedious hyperparameter tuning. Comprehensive experiments on various benchmarks demonstrate that DataTailor achieves 101.3% of the performance of full-data fine-tuning with only 15% of the data, significantly reducing computational costs while maintaining superior results. This exemplifies the\\\"Less is More\\\"philosophy in MLLM development. The code and data is available in this \\\\href{https://github.com/Yuqifan1117/DataTailor}{URL}.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2412.06293\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4925492709034cfb614e89c15174669efc54d169\",\n \"result_position\": 14,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 274422757,\n \"title\": \"Active Data Curation Effectively Distills Large-Scale Multimodal Models\",\n \"venue\": \"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Vishaal Udandarao\",\n \"Nikhil Parthasarathy\",\n \"Muhammad Ferjad Naeem\",\n \"Talfan Evans\",\n \"Samuel Albanie\",\n \"Federico Tombari\",\n \"Yongqin Xian\",\n \"A. Tonioni\",\n \"Olivier J. H'enaff\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Knowledge distillation (KD) is the de facto standard for compressing large-scale multimodal models into smaller ones. Prior works have explored ever more complex KD strategies involving different objectives, teacher-ensembles, and weight inheritance. In this work, we explore an alternative, yet simple approach—active data curation as effective distillation for contrastive multimodal pretraining. Our simple online batch selection method, ACID, outperforms strong KD baselines across various model-,data-and compute-configurations. Further, we find such an active curation strategy to in fact be complementary to standard KD, and can be effectively combined to train highly performant inference-efficient models. Our simple and scalable pretraining framework, ACED, achieves state-of-the-art results across 27 zero-shot classification and image-text retrieval tasks with upto 11% less inference FLOPs. We further demonstrate that ACED yields strong vision-encoders for training generative multimodal models, outperforming larger vision encoders on image-captioning and visual question-answering tasks.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/CVPR52734.2025.01345\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/81bd7e7c60bfd145a422ec948716ee548131348f\",\n \"result_position\": 15,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 266162309,\n \"title\": \"Bad Students Make Great Teachers: Active Learning Accelerates Large-Scale Visual Understanding\",\n \"venue\": \"European Conference on Computer Vision\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Talfan Evans\",\n \"Shreya Pathak\",\n \"Hamza Merzic\",\n \"J. Schwarz\",\n \"Ryutaro Tanno\",\n \"Olivier J. Hénaff\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Power-law scaling indicates that large-scale training with uniform sampling is prohibitively slow. Active learning methods aim to increase data efficiency by prioritizing learning on the most relevant examples. Despite their appeal, these methods have yet to be widely adopted since no one algorithm has been shown to a) generalize across models and tasks b) scale to large datasets and c) yield overall FLOP savings when accounting for the overhead of data selection. In this work we propose a method which satisfies these three properties, leveraging small, cheap proxy models to estimate\\\"learnability\\\"scores for datapoints, which are used to prioritize data for the training of much larger models. As a result, our models require 46% and 51% fewer training updates and up to 25% less total computation to reach the same performance as uniformly trained visual classifiers on JFT and multimodal models on ALIGN. Finally, we find our data-prioritization scheme to be complementary with recent data-curation and learning objectives, yielding a new state-of-the-art in several multimodal transfer tasks.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2312.05328\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1474e217837d8ca031374d87f0f00be5e578a3de\",\n \"result_position\": 16,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 274610115,\n \"title\": \"FM2DS: Few-Shot Multimodal Multihop Data Synthesis with Knowledge Distillation for Question Answering\",\n \"venue\": \"Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Amirhossein Abaskohi\",\n \"Spandana Gella\",\n \"Giuseppe Carenini\",\n \"I. Laradji\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Multimodal multihop question answering (MMQA) requires reasoning over images and text from multiple sources. Despite advances in visual question answering, this multihop setting remains underexplored due to a lack of quality datasets. Existing methods focus on single-hop, single-modality, or short texts, limiting real-world applications like interpreting educational documents with long, multimodal content. To fill this gap, we introduce FM2DS, the first framework for creating a high-quality dataset for MMQA. Our approach consists of a 5-stage pipeline that involves acquiring relevant multimodal documents from Wikipedia, synthetically generating high-level questions and answers, and validating them through rigorous criteria to ensure data quality. We evaluate our methodology by training models on our synthesized dataset and testing on two benchmarks: MultimodalQA and WebQA. Our results demonstrate that, with an equal sample size, models trained on our synthesized data outperform those trained on human-collected data by 1.9 in exact match (EM) score on average. Additionally, we introduce M2QA-Bench with 1k samples, the first benchmark for MMQA on long documents, generated using FM2DS and refined by human annotators. We believe our data synthesis method will serve as a strong foundation for training and evaluating MMQA models.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2412.07030\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fc52a3ac05abcc00182f252e3fa2f7c561e6529e\",\n \"result_position\": 17,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 267412854,\n \"title\": \"Variance Alignment Score: A Simple But Tough-to-Beat Data Selection Method for Multimodal Contrastive Learning\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yiping Wang\",\n \"Yifang Chen\",\n \"Wendan Yan\",\n \"Kevin Jamieson\",\n \"S. Du\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In recent years, data selection has emerged as a core issue for large-scale visual-language model pretraining, especially on noisy web-curated datasets. One widely adopted strategy assigns quality scores such as CLIP similarity for each sample and retains the data pairs with the highest scores. However, these approaches are agnostic of data distribution and always fail to select the most informative samples. To solve this problem, we propose a simple yet theoretically principled metric named Variance Alignment Score (VAS), which has the form $\\\\langle \\\\Sigma_{\\\\text{test}}, \\\\Sigma_i\\\\rangle$. Here, $\\\\Sigma_{\\\\text{test}}$ represents the target (cross-)covariance matrix we aim to align, potentially based on prior knowledge, while $\\\\Sigma_i$ denotes the tensor product of single or multi-modal representations for the $i$-th sample. We further design a new data selection method that maximizes the total VAS. We provide theoretical analysis in a simplified setting to demonstrate the theoretical advantage of VAS over random or other existing data selection. Experimentally, applying VAS and CLIP scores together can outperform baselines by a margin of $1.3\\\\%$ average on 38 evaluation sets for noisy dataset DataComp and $2.5\\\\%$ on VTAB for high-quality dataset CC12M. Additionally, our ablation study also shows visual features are better than text for calculating VAS, and the related classical experimental design methods may fail under this context.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2402.02055\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c5ddd74a27263866e9fd1b395752a4d65794ecb1\",\n \"result_position\": 18,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 276422637,\n \"title\": \"SynthVLM: Towards High-Quality and Efficient Synthesis of Image-Caption Datasets for Vision-Language Models\",\n \"venue\": \"ACM Multimedia\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Zheng Liu\",\n \"Hao Liang\",\n \"Bozhou Li\",\n \"Wentao Xiong\",\n \"Chong Chen\",\n \"Conghui He\",\n \"Wentao Zhang\",\n \"Bin Cui\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have recently emerged, demonstrating remarkable vision-understanding capabilities. However, training these models requires large-scale datasets, which brings challenges related to efficiency, effectiveness, and quality of web data. In this paper, we introduce SynthVLM, a new data synthesis and curation method for generating image-caption pairs. Unlike traditional methods, where captions are generated from images, SynthVLM utilizes advanced diffusion models and high-quality captions to synthesize and select images from text captions, thereby creating precisely aligned image-text pairs. We further introduce SynthVLM-100K, a high-quality dataset consisting of 100K curated and synthesized image-caption pairs. In both model and human evaluations, SynthVLM-100K outperforms traditional real-world datasets. Leveraging this dataset, we develop a new family of multimodal large language models (MLLMs), SynthVLM-7B and SynthVLM-13B, which achieve state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance on various vision question-answering (VQA) tasks. Notably, our models outperform LLaVA across most metrics with only 18% pretrain data. Furthermore, SynthVLM-7B and SynthVLM-13B attain SOTA performance on the MMLU benchmark, demonstrating that the high-quality SynthVLM-100K dataset preserves language abilities. Our dataset and the complete data generating and curating methods can be found in https://github.com/starriver030515/SynthVLM.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1145/3746027.3758222\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b2e778241277f3912ac6e1e3e872eb0515f4de45\",\n \"result_position\": 19,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 220888815,\n \"title\": \"Quality and Relevance Metrics for Selection of Multimodal Pretraining Data\",\n \"venue\": \"2020 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Roshan Rao\",\n \"Sudha Rao\",\n \"E. Nouri\",\n \"Debadeepta Dey\",\n \"Asli Celikyilmaz\",\n \"W. Dolan\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Self-supervised pretraining has become a strong force in both language and vision tasks. Current efforts to improve the effects of pretraining focus on improving network architecture or defining new tasks to extract representations from the data. We focus on a third axis, the data itself, to quantify and measure how different sources and quality of data can affect the learned representations. As pretraining datasets grow larger and larger, the cost of pretraining will continue to increase. This issue is especially acute for visuolingusitic data, as the cost of storage and processing for image and video data will rise quickly. We therefore examine four vi- suolinguistic datasets (three preexisting datasets and one collected by us) for their utility as pretraining datasets. We define metrics for dataset quality and relevance, propose a method for subsampling large corpuses for the data most relevant to a set of downstream multimodal vision and language tasks of interest, and show that this method increases performance across the board for all downstream tasks.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/CVPRW50498.2020.00486\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0b9c8fa914be1c59f3d5ad1a5e7e41164e4ca5b2\",\n \"result_position\": 20,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 269758149,\n \"title\": \"Meta-Learned Modality-Weighted Knowledge Distillation for Robust Multi-Modal Learning with Missing Data\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Hu Wang\",\n \"Congbo Ma\",\n \"Yuyuan Liu\",\n \"Yuanhong Chen\",\n \"Yu Tian\",\n \"Jodie Avery\",\n \"Louise Hull\",\n \"G. Carneiro\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In multi-modal learning, some modalities are more influential than others, and their absence can have a significant impact on classification/segmentation accuracy. Addressing this challenge, we propose a novel approach called Meta-learned Modality-weighted Knowledge Distillation (MetaKD), which enables multi-modal models to maintain high accuracy even when key modalities are missing. MetaKD adaptively estimates the importance weight of each modality through a meta-learning process. These learned importance weights guide a pairwise modality-weighted knowledge distillation process, allowing high-importance modalities to transfer knowledge to lower-importance ones, resulting in robust performance despite missing inputs. Unlike previous methods in the field, which are often task-specific and require significant modifications, our approach is designed to work in multiple tasks (e.g., segmentation and classification) with minimal adaptation. Experimental results on five prevalent datasets, including three Brain Tumor Segmentation datasets (BraTS2018, BraTS2019 and BraTS2020), the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) classification dataset and the Audiovision-MNIST classification dataset, demonstrate the proposed model is able to outperform the compared models by a large margin. The code is available at https://github.com/billhhh/MetaKD.\",\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/64c2e2adb40b8713577a35b8c0a869b27a17b9bf\",\n \"result_position\": 21,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 277856893,\n \"title\": \"Data Metabolism: An Efficient Data Design Schema For Vision Language Model\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jingyuan Zhang\",\n \"Hongzhi Zhang\",\n \"Haonan Zhou\",\n \"Chenxi Sun\",\n \"Xingguang Ji\",\n \"Jiakang Wang\",\n \"Fanheng Kong\",\n \"Yahui Liu\",\n \"Qi Wang\",\n \"Fuzheng Zhang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Data curation plays a crucial role in training powerful Visual Language Models (VLMs). In this work, we introduce the concept of Data Metabolism and present our data-centric framework to build VLMs throughout the development lifecycle. Starting from a standard model architecture, we discuss and provide insights into two crucial development steps: data curation and iteration, forming a closed-loop system that continuously improves model performance. We show a detailed codebook on how to process existing massive datasets and build user-specific data flywheel. As a demonstration, we release a VLM, named Capybara-VL, which excels in typical multimodal tasks (e.g. , visual question answering, scientific reasoning, and text-rich tasks). Despite its relatively compact size, Capybara-VL surpasses several open-source models that are up to 10 times larger in size. Moreover, it achieves results that are on par with those of several leading proprietary models, demonstrating its remarkable competitiveness. These results highlight the power of our data-centric framework and the potential of training smaller and more efficient VLMs.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2504.12316\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9169fff2c69fa9d6b8ce743d0509cb72eeb914de\",\n \"result_position\": 22,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":82,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"(2) Find research studies that analyze the differential effects of student engagement strategies on math achievement across various performance levels (low, middle, high) in middle school students.\n(3) Identify literature that specifically supports the claim that middle-achieving students derive the most benefit from certain engagement interventions compared to their low and high-achieving peers."},"query_timestamp":{"kind":"string","value":"2025-06-30T23:00:19.164440+00:00"},"thread_id":{"kind":"string","value":"247146150e6cde4be91fbb1c2efb5e9af3ee391a3e339df0d0d5ec3917634c2f"},"num_shown":{"kind":"number","value":42,"string":"42"},"num_clicked":{"kind":"number","value":3,"string":"3"},"has_clicks":{"kind":"bool","value":true,"string":"true"},"shown_papers":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"corpus_id":199466753,"title":"A national experiment reveals where a growth mindset improves achievement","venue":"Nature","year":2019,"authors":["David S. Yeager","Paul Hanselman","G. Walton","Jared S. Murray","Robert Crosnoe","C. Muller","Elizabeth Tipton","B. Schneider","Chris S. Hulleman","Cintia P. Hinojosa","D. Paunesku","Carissa Romero","K. Flint","Alice Roberts","Jill Trott","Ronaldo Iachan","Jenny Buontempo","Sophia Man Yang","Carlos M. Carvalho","P. Hahn","M. Gopalan","Pratik C. Mhatre","Ronald F. Ferguson","Angela L. Duckworth","C. Dweck"],"abstract":"A global priority for the behavioural sciences is to develop cost-effective, scalable interventions that could improve the academic outcomes of adolescents at a population level, but no such interventions have so far been evaluated in a population-generalizable sample. Here we show that a short (less than one hour), online growth mindset intervention—which teaches that intellectual abilities can be developed—improved grades among lower-achieving students and increased overall enrolment to advanced mathematics courses in a nationally representative sample of students in secondary education in the United States. Notably, the study identified school contexts that sustained the effects of the growth mindset intervention: the intervention changed grades when peer norms aligned with the messages of the intervention. Confidence in the conclusions of this study comes from independent data collection and processing, pre-registration of analyses, and corroboration of results by a blinded Bayesian analysis. A US national experiment showed that a short, online, self-administered growth mindset intervention can increase adolescents’ grades and advanced course-taking, and identified the types of school that were poised to benefit the most.","doi":"10.1038/s41586-019-1466-y","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f9fb223742fce060785d7f59861d0341d149cb04","result_position":0,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":255264075,"title":"Does your group matter? How group function impacts educational outcomes in problem-based learning: a scoping review","venue":"BMC Medical Education","year":2022,"authors":["Athena Li","Elif Bilgic","Amy Keuhl","M. Sibbald"],"abstract":"Background Problem-based learning (PBL) is a common instructional method in undergraduate health professions training. Group interactions with and within PBL curricula may influence learning outcomes, yet few studies have synthesized the existing evidence. This scoping review summarized the literature examining the influence of group function on individual student PBL outcomes. Following Kirkpatrick’s framework, experiential, academic, and behavioral outcomes were considered. The impacts of three aspects of group function were explored: (1) Group Composition (identities and diversity), (2) Group Processes (conduct and climate, motivation and confidence, and facilitation), and (3) PBL Processes (tutorial activities). Methods A literature search was conducted using Medline, CINAHL, and APA PsychInfo from 1980–2021, with the help of a librarian. English-language empirical studies and reviews that related group function to learning outcome, as defined, in undergraduate health professions PBL curricula were included. Relevant references from included articles were also added if eligibility criteria were met. The methods, results, discussions, and limitations of the sample were summarized narratively. Results The final sample ( n = 48) varied greatly in context, design, and results. Most studies examined junior medical students ( n = 32), used questionnaires for data collection ( n = 29), and reported immediate cross-sectional outcomes ( n = 34). Group Processes was the most frequently examined aspect of group function ( n = 29), followed by Group Composition ( n = 26) and PBL Processes ( n = 12). The relationships between group function and outcomes were not consistent across studies. PBL experiences were generally highly rated, but favorable student experiences were not reliable indicators of better academic or behavioral outcomes. Conversely, problematic group behaviors were not predictors of poorer grades. Common confounders of outcome measurements included exam pressure and self-study. Conclusions The main findings of the review suggested that (1) group function is more predictive of experiential than academic or behavioral PBL outcomes, and (2) different Kirkpatrick levels of outcomes are not highly correlated to each other. More research is needed to understand the complexity of group function in PBL tutorials under variable study contexts and better inform curricular training and design. Standardized tools for measuring PBL group function may be required for more conclusive findings.","doi":"10.1186/s12909-022-03966-8","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6cb39852fc68120a5552358f5ad3f958329f10bb","result_position":1,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":256395220,"title":"Raising attainment for low-scoring students through quectures: an analysis of achievement and engagement with personalised learning in lectures","venue":"International Journal of STEM Education","year":2022,"authors":["H. McQueen","N. Colegrave"],"abstract":"Quectures are flipped lectures with embedded ‘quecture questions’, which employ metacognitive reflection as an active learning intervention. Quecture questions are students’ own questions, identified and constructed by students around learning objectives during lectures. The quecture question intervention aims to support each student to engage better with their learning and to work at an individually appropriate level, and is accessible to all students irrespective of learning background. This research explores engagement and performance of students using the intervention, with a focus on those who traditionally receive low scores, to measure the effectiveness of quecture questions. Accumulated data demonstrate that student engagement with quecture questions is associated with improved learning on wider topics than those on which the intervention was used, as evidenced by improved overall course scores. Students who participate minimally within other elements of the course but who do submit their own quecture questions gain disproportionate benefit. The improved performance benefits of engagement with quecture questions are most marked for students with low prior scores. Students originating from the same country as our university and those whose parents did not attend university represent typically low-scoring demographic groups with low participation levels who might potentially benefit from the quecture strategy. However, lack of engagement with the intervention is also prevalent in these student groups precluding unengaged students from benefitting. Quecture questions represent a simple yet effective intervention for improving learning in lectures. Broad learning benefits suggest improved learning habits, and support the notion that the intervention leads to students assuming increased responsibility for their own learning. The use of quecture questions generated most benefit to low-scoring students, validating the intervention as a useful tool with which to address learning inequities. The quecture question intervention readily adapts to suit online learning and represents an ideal first step for busy instructors wishing to adapt their lectures towards a more student-centred approach to learning.","doi":"10.1186/s40594-022-00360-0","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/12543c11c7f3b8d3c771cba1a2f971869c7f9012","result_position":2,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":265102102,"title":"Effective interactive engagement strategies for MOOC forum discussion: A self-efficacy perspective","venue":"PLoS ONE","year":2023,"authors":["Wei Wei","Jia Liu","Xiaoshu Xu","Kimberly Kolletar-Zhu","Yunfeng Zhang"],"abstract":"This mixed methods sequential explanatory study identified and explained the features of engagement strategies for MOOC forum discussion that help low-achieving students make significant progress. Triangulated data were collected from MOOC learners’ (n = 335) scores in two reading assessments, their posts to the embedded online discussion forum, and their self-reflection learning journals. Based on learning progress between pre- and post-assessment tasks, MOOC learners are divided into three groups: 1) little, 2) moderate, and 3) significant progress. According to a statistical analysis of the quantified posts, surprisingly, the low-scoring students from the pre-test who demonstrated significant progress later engaged in significantly fewer peer-peer and peer-teacher interactions in the online discussion forum. Guided by self-efficacy literature, the reflective journals of these learners suggested that 1) learner-content interactions may help them advance learning and obtain new information and linguistic knowledge from the peer-made learning materials in the discussion forum; 2) they did not share and exchange ideas and answers with their peers. Instead, they prefer learning from others’ discussions and wish to get quick feedback and suggestions on their contributions to the discussion forum; and 3) peer-peer and peer-teacher interactions were proposed as two solutions to regulate their online learning experience as they lack self-discipline and time-management skills. Implications include teachers’ continuous support to encourage low-achieving students to learn peer-generated content and quick feedback on their contributions to the discussion forum.","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0293668","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e79049b3589829a79b117dd3bb302cf4b016b004","result_position":3,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":125508197,"title":"Effectiveness of Collaboration on Low and High Achieving School Students’ Comprehension of Electrochemistry in South Africa","venue":"European Journal of STEM Education","year":2018,"authors":["Kwaku Darko Amponsah","J. Kotoka","Christopher Beccles","S. Dlamini"],"abstract":"This paper is part of a larger study that investigated the ‘Effectiveness of collaboration on low and high achieving school students’ comprehension of electrochemistry in South Africa’. The study occurred in the Ximhungwe circuit of the Bohlabela district in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa. The theoretical framework for this study was based on Vygotsky‘s social constructivism theory, which he defines as ‘a sociological theory of knowledge that applies the general philosophy of constructivism into social settings’. A sample of 47 12th grade physical sciences students from two public schools (one of the schools is high achieving and the other is low achieving) in the circuit was purposively selected to participate in the study. Students were given electrochemistry concept test (ECT) as pre-test and post-test. Results from mean and standard deviation, and one-way between group analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) showed that high achieving school (HAS) students taught with the conceptual change teaching strategy (CCTS), specifically collaboration had significantly better acquisition of scientific conceptions related to electrochemistry than low achieving school (LAS) students, also taught with CCTS. Analysis from a scatterplot of post-test against pre-test grouped on type of school showed a linear correlation between pre-test and post-test scores for each intervention type, which indicated that there was no interaction effect. The study has shown that collaboration contribute to meaningful learning, which inadvertently improves students’ comprehension and consequent achievement in electrochemistry concepts but more positive for students from high achieving schools.","doi":"10.20897/EJSTEME/2685","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e79bc3fc5f0ae1be368edb0e99f1a5b0a3d5b16a","result_position":4,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":247813684,"title":"Does the Peer Group Matter? Assessing Frog Pond Effects in Transition to Secondary Schooling","venue":"Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World","year":2022,"authors":["P. Skov"],"abstract":"Peers are considered important for adolescents’ educational achievement and attainment, though little conclusive evidence demonstrate peer comparison effects. Using school and year fixed-effects models to account for peer group selection and comprehensive Danish administrative data on more than 260,000 students, across six cohorts, this study provides evidence of the so-called frog pond effect on the choice of secondary education among adolescents in Denmark. The frog pond effect is based upon a social comparison mechanism with heterogeneous effects. Through peer achievement, the author investigates the heterogeneous effects and show that peer achievement has different effects for low- and high-achieving students on choice of secondary education. The results shows that low-achieving students benefit from having high-achieving peers, while high-achieving students are negatively affected by their high-achieving peers, although only to a small extent. These findings lend support to the frog pond effect for high-achieving students.","doi":"10.1177/23780231221088652","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/689502810dcf597f06bce33f0aacef4ca4c2b3ad","result_position":5,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":233890743,"title":"Teaching to Self-Regulate in Mathematics: A Quasi-Experimental Study with Low-Achieving Elementary School Students","venue":"","year":2021,"authors":["Daniel Trías Seferian","Cindy Mels Auman","Juan Antonio Huertas Martínez"],"abstract":"Teaching students to self-regulate enhances their mathematics performance, yet few studies have investigated the long-term differential impact of particular self-regulation strategies specifically for low-achieving students. This quasi-experimental study evaluates the effect of teaching different self-regulation strategies on mathematical problem solving in low-achieving students. The participants were 69 sixth-grade elementary school students randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups (and taught predominantly cognitive, metacognitive or volitional strategies, while verifying intervention fidelity) or a control group for 16 sessions. Mathematical problem-solving skills were evaluated prior to the intervention, upon completion, and two months later. While all three intervention groups obtained significantly better results compared to the control group immediately after the intervention, volitional and metacognitive strategies showed the strongest and most lasting positive effects. We conclude that low-achieving students could benefit from learning self-regulation strategies, particularly when these strategies take into account the affective and motivational dynamics of learning.","doi":"10.24320/REDIE.2021.23.E02.2945","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4b94dad51c2540f5cd5e3987fa5ea51c30387cb6","result_position":6,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":250094901,"title":"Raising attainment for low-scoring students through quectures: an analysis of achievement and engagement with personalised learning in lectures","venue":"International Journal of STEM Education","year":2022,"authors":["H. McQueen","N. Colegrave"],"abstract":"Background Quectures are flipped lectures with embedded ‘quecture questions’, which employ metacognitive reflection as an active learning intervention. Quecture questions are students’ own questions, identified and constructed by students around learning objectives during lectures. The quecture question intervention aims to support each student to engage better with their learning and to work at an individually appropriate level, and is accessible to all students irrespective of learning background. This research explores engagement and performance of students using the intervention, with a focus on those who traditionally receive low scores, to measure the effectiveness of quecture questions. Results Accumulated data demonstrate that student engagement with quecture questions is associated with improved learning on wider topics than those on which the intervention was used, as evidenced by improved overall course scores. Students who participate minimally within other elements of the course but who do submit their own quecture questions gain disproportionate benefit. The improved performance benefits of engagement with quecture questions are most marked for students with low prior scores. Students originating from the same country as our university and those whose parents did not attend university represent typically low-scoring demographic groups with low participation levels who might potentially benefit from the quecture strategy. However, lack of engagement with the intervention is also prevalent in these student groups precluding unengaged students from benefitting. Conclusions Quecture questions represent a simple yet effective intervention for improving learning in lectures. Broad learning benefits suggest improved learning habits, and support the notion that the intervention leads to students assuming increased responsibility for their own learning. The use of quecture questions generated most benefit to low-scoring students, validating the intervention as a useful tool with which to address learning inequities. The quecture question intervention readily adapts to suit online learning and represents an ideal first step for busy instructors wishing to adapt their lectures towards a more student-centred approach to learning .","doi":"10.1186/s40594-022-00360-0","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3e7e0e71ee80a3ace3a308e18bde738cbf2cd7b8","result_position":7,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":220267467,"title":"A Randomized Field Experiment Using Self-Reflection on School Behavior to Help Students in Secondary School Reach Their Performance Potential","venue":"Frontiers in Psychology","year":2020,"authors":["Eva Feron","T. Schils"],"abstract":"Recent policy reports documented that a growing group of students in secondary education could perform better given their expected performance. Studies showed that school performance is related to a range of social–emotional factors, including self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, and responsible decision making. However, experimental studies in schools on the relation between these factors and school performance are scarce, and results are mixed. This study used a randomized field experiment to examine whether self-reflection on school behavior of underperforming secondary school students affected their school performance [grade point average (GPA)], school engagement, and self-concept. The sample comprised 337 ninth-grade students (M = 15.74 years old; SD = 0.58) from 18 secondary schools in Netherlands. The intervention was designed in co-creation with teachers, to be as close to school practice as possible. Underperformance was measured using achievement test scores from both primary and secondary school, supplemented with teacher and parental assessments. Different model specifications were estimated to perform the analyses and test for robustness of findings. The results showed that, for treatment compliance, students with higher school motivation were approximately 29% more likely to comply. Students who reported higher levels of self-concept of school tasks were 17% less likely to comply. No significant effects of the treatment were observed on students’ GPA, school motivation, hours spent on homework, or self-concept of school tasks. The treatment showed a negative effect on self-concept of leadership skills.","doi":"10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01356","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9ca10e18d6b12a0839ab5e2eb69aba3acad4dad5","result_position":8,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":46425337,"title":"The Impact of Technology-enabled Active Learning on Student Performance, Gender and Achievement Level","venue":"International Conference on Computer Supported Education","year":2010,"authors":["Ruey S. Shieh"],"abstract":"Technology Enabled Active Learning (TEAL) is an innovative pedagogical method emphasizing active, interactive learning. It is implemented in a technology-rich, multimedia studio. The National Chung Cheng University (CCU) is the first university in Taiwan to use the TEAL studio to teach science courses. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of TEAL on student learning at CCU, including the influence on genders and achievement levels. A quasi-experimental research was designed to conduct this study. Data sources consist of a pre-test, a post-test, and a survey. The preliminary results indicate that (1) the experimental (TEAL) students significantly outperformed the control (traditional classroom) students, (2) the experimental male students outperformed their counterpart male students, (3) the learning gain achieved by the experimental female students was more significant than that of their counterpart female students, and (4) the experimental low-achieving students achieved the highest learning gain among the different achievement-level groups. Narrowing the learning gap between different achievement levels of students through the use of this technology-enhanced learning approach appears promising. Nonetheless, continuing to improve the teaching innovation is necessary, particularly in terms of more effectively integrating technology-enabled features into teaching. 1 RESEARCH BACKGROUND Technology-Enabled Active Learning (TEAL) was developed by MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) in 2001. It is an innovative teaching and learning format featuring multimedia-equipped studios to facilitate students learning science and technology-related courses. TEAL emphasizes group discussion and interaction during the teaching process. The group interaction and discussion is accomplished through the support of built-in assessment processes, such as the personal response system (PRS), which some educators consider a powerful tool for teaching science courses (e.g. Beatty & Gerace, 2009; Beatty, et al., 2006). In Taiwan, the National Chung Cheng University (CCU) is the first university using TEAL to improve student learning. At CCU, students majoring in sciences and engineering disciplines are required to take the General Physics (GP) course in their freshman year offered by the Physics Department. In order to help students better understand the abstract concepts associated with basic physics, the notion of technology-enabled active learning was introduced to its campus in 2004. Similar to the TEAL studio established at MIT, the CCU TEAL studio was equipped with tables, big-screen projectors around the walls, and blackboards in between the projectors. Figure 1 shows an overhead view of the TEAL studio and Figure 2 displays a scene of a hands-on activity. Figure 1: An overhead view Figure 2: A hands-on Activity. of the TEAL studio. In 2005, CCU began to use the TEAL studio to teach 420 Shieh R. (2010). THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY-ENABLED ACTIVE LEARNING ON STUDENT PERFORMANCE, GENDER AND ACHIEVEMENT LEVEL. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Computer Supported Education, pages 420-425 DOI: 10.5220/0002783504200425 Copyright c © SciTePress the GP course to the physics major students. By the year of 2007, there were three classes of department-wide students studying the GP course in the TEAL studio. Based on the students’ learning outcomes in 2007, the experimental (TEAL) students and the control (traditional classroom) students achieved about the same learning gains in the first semester (6.43% vs. 6.34%); however, the experimental students achieved much higher learning gain than their counterpart students in the second semester (18.09% vs. 11.20%). Nevertheless, this learning gain of below 20% was still considered relatively small (Hestenes & Halloun, 1995). Improvements for implementing the innovative pedagogy were identified, including improving teaching skills, reconsidering the content coverage, and more deliberately integrating the lab activities into the lecture content. More detailed findings are to be published elsewhere. The purpose of this study is to continue assessing the impact of TEAL on student learning demonstrated in 2008. In addition to comparing the learning outcomes of the experimental and control groups, this study also examines the learning gains achieved by the different genders and different academic achievement-levels. Three research questions are addressed in the study: 1. To what extent does technology-enabled active learning impact student learning for the experimental and control groups? 2. To what extent does technology-enabled active learning impact student learning between the genders? 3. To what extent does technology-enabled active learning impact student learning among high, intermediate, and low achieving levels?","doi":"10.5220/0002783504200425","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/053e3501bdaefee1903132437a8e2a9d40dcd240","result_position":9,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":221707357,"title":"The effects of a peer-tutoring strategy on children’s e-book reading comprehension","venue":"South African Journal of Education","year":2020,"authors":["Mengping Tsuei","Hsiu-Wen Huang","Shu-fen Cheng"],"abstract":"Reading competence is one of the most critical skills for children’s academic success. In the study reported on here we proposed an integrated peer-tutoring strategy for reading comprehension that employs e-books for elementary school students. The effects of this strategy on children’s reading comprehension were investigated using a quasi-experimental design. Three classes of 11–12-year-old students (n = 73) participated in the study for 12 weeks. Compared to the control group, students in the experimental group, who engaged in peer tutoring with e-book reading, showed significant gains in reading comprehension. Students’ perceptions of the benefits of the peer-tutoring resources to their reading are discussed. The findings demonstrate that the integration of peer tutoring in e-book reading results in an effective instructional model for the enhancement of elementary school students’ reading. \nKeywords: e-book; elementary school children; mobile learning; peer tutoring; reading comprehension","doi":"10.15700/saje.v40n2a1734","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e100a9a1d211b71b83182993a352a56665313586","result_position":10,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":204366771,"title":"Dynamics of Reflective Assessment and Knowledge Building for Academically Low-Achieving Students","venue":"The American Educational Research Journal","year":2020,"authors":["Yuqin Yang","Jan van Aalst","Carol K. K. Chan"],"abstract":"This study investigates designs for developing knowledge building (KB) and higher order competencies among academically low-achieving students. Thirty-seven low-achieving students from a ninth-grade visual arts course in Hong Kong participated. The design involved principle-based KB pedagogy, with students writing on Knowledge Forum® (KF), enriched by analytics-supported reflective assessment. Analysis of the discourse on KF showed that the low achievers were able to engage in productive discourse, with evidence of metacognitive, collaborative, and epistemic inquiry. Analysis illustrates how the design supported student engagement, including (1) reflective inquiry and social metacognition; (2) reflective meta- and epistemic talk; (3) evidence-based reflection for collective growth; and (4) reflection embedded in community ethos. Implications of reflective assessment for supporting low achievers for inquiry learning and KB are discussed.","doi":"10.3102/0002831219872444","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a9459205b3771bcf1268da469cca3ef9b956fce1","result_position":11,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":253522932,"title":"Impact of combining human and analytics feedback on students’ engagement with, and performance in, reflective writing tasks","venue":"International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education","year":2022,"authors":["Wannapon Suraworachet","Qi Zhou","M. Cukurova"],"abstract":"Reflective writing is part of many higher education courses across the globe. It is often considered a challenging task for students as it requires self-regulated learning skills to appropriately plan, timely engage and deeply reflect on learning experiences. Despite an advance in writing analytics and the pervasiveness of human feedback aimed to support student reflections, little is known about how to integrate feedback from humans and analytics to improve students’ learning engagement and performance in reflective writing tasks. This study proposes a personalised behavioural feedback intervention based on students’ writing engagement analytics utilising time-series analysis of digital traces from a ubiquitous online word processing platform. In a semester-long experimental study involving 81 postgraduate students, its impact on learning engagement and performance was studied. The results showed that the intervention cohort engaged statistically significantly more in their reflective writing task after receiving the combined feedback compared to the control cohort which only received human feedback on their reflective writing content. Further analyses revealed that the intervention cohort reflected more regularly at the weekly level, the regularity of weekly reflection led to better performance grades, and the impact on students with low self-regulated learning skills was higher. This study emphasizes the powerful benefits of implementing combined feedback approaches in which the strengths of analytics and human feedback are synthesized to improve student engagement and performance. Further research should explore the long-term sustainability of the observed effects and their validity in other contexts.","doi":"10.1186/s41239-022-00368-0","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/79da9249eb2ee0c94aecd034e500a5e869615c78","result_position":12,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":225156352,"title":"Tackling Educational Inequalities with Social Psychology: Identities, Contexts, and Interventions","venue":"Social Issues and Policy Review","year":2020,"authors":["M. Easterbrook","I. R. Hadden"],"abstract":"Some groups of students—typically those who have suffered because of historical inequality in society—disproportionately experience psychological barriers to educational success. These psychological barriers—feelings of threat to their social identity and the sense that their identity is incompatible with educational success—make substantial contributions to inequalities in educational outcomes between groups, even beyond economic, historical, and structural inequalities. A range of wise psychological interventions can help remove these barriers by targeting students’ subjective interpretation of their local educational context. In this review, we outline the Identities in Context model of educational inequalities, which proposes that interactions between students’ social identities and features of the local educational context—expectations about a group’s academic performance, a group’s representation in positions associated with academic success, and a group’s orientation towards education—can trigger social identity threat and identity incompatibility in ways that vary considerably across contexts. We present an implementation process, based on the Identities in Context model, that academic researchers, policymakers, and practitioners can follow to help them choose and tailor wise interventions that are effective in reducing educational inequalities in their local context. Throughout the review, we make policy recommendations regarding how educational practices can be altered to help remove psychological barriers for underperforming groups of students and so reduce educational inequalities. Some groups of students—such as some ethnic minorities or those from lower class backgrounds—on average achieve much lower academic grades and","doi":"10.1111/sipr.12070","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bbaf380a067ed62b6a07978dc2541feceb06357a","result_position":13,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":246528730,"title":"Components of engagement in saying-is-believing exercises","venue":"Current Psychology","year":2022,"authors":["H. Lee","L. Santana","Peter McPartlan","J. Eccles"],"abstract":"The saying-is-believing effect is an important step for changing students’ attitudes and beliefs in a wise intervention. However, most studies have not closely examined the process of the saying-is-believing effect when individuals are engaged in the activity. Using a qualitative approach, the present study uses an engagement framework to investigate (a) components of engagement in the saying-is-believing effect; and (b) how differently students may engage in a saying-is-believing exercise. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 undergraduates in a scholarship program for low-income transfer students from community college. Analysis using inductive and deductive approaches found that students varied on the extent to which they experienced the effectiveness of the saying-is-believing effect through affective, cognitive, and behavioral experiences. The study offers examples of how people can indeed differ in the extent to which they experience the saying-is-believing effect, and the implications for designing more effective interventions. Specifically, students’ positive affective experiences from seeing the larger goal of creating videos may be important components for the saying-is-believing effect to work. Behavioral experiences, such as learning soft skills, academic skills learned indirectly from the intervention, and academic skills learned directly from the intervention were accompanied by both positive affective and cognitive experiences. Findings show the importance of students’ differential engagement in saying-is-believing exercises both for building more effective wise interventions and interpreting heterogeneity in intervention effectiveness.","doi":"10.1007/s12144-022-02782-z","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e1d3e62a7e3333b18c223993782c800b1be5f58a","result_position":14,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":247744168,"title":"Data-driven decision-making in creating class rosters","venue":"Journal of Research in Innovative Teaching & Learning","year":2020,"authors":["Rebecca Wolf","Joseph M. Reilly","S. Ross"],"abstract":"PurposeThis article informs school leaders and staffs about existing research findings on the use of data-driven decision-making in creating class rosters. Given that teachers are the most important school-based educational resource, decisions regarding the assignment of students to particular classes and teachers are highly impactful for student learning. Classroom compositions of peers can also influence student learning.Design/methodology/approachA literature review was conducted on the use of data-driven decision-making in the rostering process. The review addressed the merits of using various quantitative metrics in the rostering process.FindingsFindings revealed that, despite often being purposeful about rostering, school leaders and staffs have generally not engaged in data-driven decision-making in creating class rosters. Using data-driven rostering may have benefits, such as limiting the questionable practice of assigning the least effective teachers in the school to the youngest or lowest performing students. School leaders and staffs may also work to minimize negative peer effects due to concentrating low-achieving, low-income, or disruptive students in any one class. Any data-driven system used in rostering, however, would need to be adequately complex to account for multiple influences on student learning. Based on the research reviewed, quantitative data alone may not be sufficient for effective rostering decisions.Practical implicationsGiven the rich data available to school leaders and staffs, data-driven decision-making could inform rostering and contribute to more efficacious and equitable classroom assignments.Originality/valueThis article is the first to summarize relevant research across multiple bodies of literature on the opportunities for and challenges of using data-driven decision-making in creating class rosters.","doi":"10.1108/jrit-03-2019-0045","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dfa03dfc6b8269da2050535b0180ad621c108e43","result_position":15,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":18314961,"title":"Small-Group Learning in an Upper-Level University Biology Class Enhances Academic Performance and Student Attitudes Toward Group Work","venue":"PLoS ONE","year":2010,"authors":["Andrew D. Gaudet","L. Ramer","J. Nakonechny","Jacquelyn J. Cragg","M. Ramer"],"abstract":"To improve science learning, science educators' teaching tools need to address two major criteria: teaching practice should mirror our current understanding of the learning process; and science teaching should reflect scientific practice. We designed a small-group learning (SGL) model for a fourth year university neurobiology course using these criteria and studied student achievement and attitude in five course sections encompassing the transition from individual work-based to SGL course design. All students completed daily quizzes/assignments involving analysis of scientific data and the development of scientific models. Students in individual work-based (Individualistic) sections usually worked independently on these assignments, whereas SGL students completed assignments in permanent groups of six. SGL students had significantly higher final exam grades than Individualistic students. The transition to the SGL model was marked by a notable increase in 10th percentile exam grade (Individualistic: 47.5%; Initial SGL: 60%; Refined SGL: 65%), suggesting SGL enhanced achievement among the least prepared students. We also studied student achievement on paired quizzes: quizzes were first completed individually and submitted, and then completed as a group and submitted. The group quiz grade was higher than the individual quiz grade of the highest achiever in each group over the term. All students – even term high achievers –could benefit from the SGL environment. Additionally, entrance and exit surveys demonstrated student attitudes toward SGL were more positive at the end of the Refined SGL course. We assert that SGL is uniquely-positioned to promote effective learning in the science classroom.","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0015821","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d074e8c36f787a1690c04fecd0187d2b7c1f79b8","result_position":16,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":237791364,"title":"Engaging Politically Disenfranchised Students in Governance","venue":"The Journal of Scholarship of Teaching and Learning","year":2021,"authors":["Esther Nir","Jennifer Musial"],"abstract":"New Jersey City University is an urban, Minority- and Hispanic-Serving Institution with a First-Generation-to-College, commuter, and immigrant student population. How can we engage our students who feel powerless, distrustful, or even threatened by government actors in governance? Will perceptions of governance change with increased exposure to political elites in their communities? Using Community Engaged Learning methods, we asked students to attend civic meetings and courtrooms to observe the inner workings of governance and engage in dialogue with political elites. Journals and surveys reveal that students deconstructed pre-conceived notions of powerlessness, humanized government actors, and became hopeful about change in their communities.","doi":"10.14434/josotl.v21i2.28090","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7c017a138ae5da432e0523405ac9935a71d398cc","result_position":17,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":211033032,"title":"Academic Achievement and Social Interactions: A Longitudinal Analysis of Peer Selection Processes in Inclusive Elementary Classrooms","venue":"Frontiers in Education","year":2020,"authors":["A. Garrote"],"abstract":"This study analyzes the extent to which students in inclusive elementary classrooms select classmates for collaboration and play activities on the basis of academic achievement. To investigate this association, second and third graders (n = 506, mean age = 7.6 years) were asked to nominate classmates with whom they collaborate and play at the beginning and middle of the school year. The academic achievement level of students was assessed with a standardized mathematical test at the first measurement point. Two longitudinal social network models were specified to analyze whether academic achievement level functions as a selection criterion for collaboration (academic context) and play activities (play context). Structural network effects, selection effects, and sex-related effects were included in the models. The selection effects on academic achievement revealed that high achieving students were more likely selected by peers for collaboration but not for play activities. Thus, academic achievement was only relevant for peer selection processes in the academic context. Further, a negative homophily effect on academic achievement was found, which indicates that students selected dissimilar peers in terms of academic achievement level for interactions in the academic and play context. Thus, on one hand there was no similarity in academic achievement among peers who liked to collaborate and play together, which is a positive result from an educational and inclusive perspective; on the other hand, there was a tendency to select high achieving rather than low achieving peers for collaborative activities. Teaching practices that can help prevent the formation of such a hierarchy in the classroom and implications for future studies on the link between academic achievement and peer selection processes are discussed.","doi":"10.3389/feduc.2020.00004","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c7a489c7a78facc79098ccca3ce76594f668cdfa","result_position":18,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":218890050,"title":"The Development of an Academic Engagement Intervention for Academically Dismissed Students","venue":"Innovative Higher Education","year":2020,"authors":["Samuel T. Beasley","Beverly J. Vandiver","Ronald Dillard","Walter Malone","Randy Ott"],"abstract":"“Reclaim the W” is an academic recovery program at a medium-sized midwestern university that offers undergraduates who have been academically dismissed a chance to reenroll at the institution. In this article we describe the Reclaim the W program and its target population of academically at-risk undergraduates. We then outline the first two phases of the process we used to develop an intervention for students in the Reclaim the W program, which we call Engage to Excel (E2). In the first phase we collected data from focus groups with academically at-risk students and professional staff who serve these students. This qualitative data informed the creation of the E2 intervention for students in the Reclaim the W program. In the second phase we identified key components of the quasi-experimental E2 intervention and outlined the student outcomes that will be evaluated during the intervention. Finally, we highlight research and practice implications of the E2 intervention.","doi":"10.1007/s10755-020-09510-0","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fa5cba0c87c05b0a08732ce845a5af3b1341102c","result_position":19,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":214361056,"title":"Teaching practices for differentiating mathematics instruction for middle school students","venue":"Mathematical Thinking and Learning","year":2020,"authors":["Amy J. Hackenberg","M. Creager","Ayfer Eker"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT Three iterative, 18-episode design experiments were conducted after school with groups of 6–9 middle school students to understand how to differentiate mathematics instruction. Prior research on differentiating instruction (DI) and hypothetical learning trajectories guided the instruction. As the experiments proceeded, this definition of DI emerged: proactively tailoring instruction to students’ mathematical thinking while developing a cohesive classroom community. Analysis of 10 episodes across experiments yielded five teaching practices that facilitated DI: using research-based knowledge of students’ mathematical thinking, providing purposeful choices and different pathways, inquiring responsively during group work, attending to small group functioning, and conducting whole class discussions across different thinkers. The latter three practices, at times, impeded DI. This study is a case of using second-order models of students’ mathematical thinking to differentiate instruction, and it reveals that inquiring into research-based knowledge and inquiring responsively into students’ thinking are at the heart of differentiating mathematics instruction.","doi":"10.1080/10986065.2020.1731656","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/06e4a6e7fbd7b70294fae7da84eade1798e2d8f0","result_position":20,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":34664844,"title":"Academic success among students at risk for school failure.","venue":"Journal of Applied Psychology","year":1997,"authors":["J. Finn","D. Rock"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1037/0021-9010.82.2.221","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d6aec6bf2d5b212c59a82fa8ab0d98d677321b9c","result_position":21,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":266740829,"title":"High- and low-achieving international medical students’ perceptions of the factors influencing their academic performance at Chinese universities","venue":"Medical Education Online","year":2024,"authors":["Qinxu Jiang","Hugo Horta","Mantak Yuen"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT China has become an attractive destination for international medical students, particularly those from developing countries in Asia and Africa. These students are known to face difficulties in adapting to Chinese medical universities and they tend to score poorly on subsequent examinations to enter the medical profession in their home or in a third country. To date, limited research concerning the factors that affect the academic performance of this group of students in China has been conducted. In particular, there have been very few comparisons between high and low achievers to identify the factors that high- and low-achieving international medical students in all years of study perceive as affecting their academic performance. A qualitative research approach was implemented at two medical universities. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 high achievers and 22 low achievers in their second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and post-graduation years. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and coded using a thematic analysis approach.A few key overlapping factors were identified: social support, learning motivation and interest, exam preparation and strategies, time management, and coping. The high achievers manipulated these strategies successfully while the low achievers did not. The high achievers demonstrated efficient learning methods (efficient use of class time, good note-taking habits, preview and review strategies, expanded learning, self-study and group learning, deep learning, choosing an appropriate study location, and focusing on basics and concepts). They also achieved a good balance between studying and leisure. The low achievers mentioned learning challenges, health issues, English language barriers, and problems with online classes. This study allowed us to identify important factors that international medical students at Chinese institutions perceive to influence their performance. The findings contribute to the literature on the topic and provide a solid basis for practice and policy development.","doi":"10.1080/10872981.2023.2300194","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6b0a17acb511a55f04e84417ddb648437133cfa5","result_position":22,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":256234252,"title":"School engagement profiles in Chilean secondary students","venue":"Frontiers in Psychology","year":2023,"authors":["Ximena De Toro","M. Saracostti","Laura Lara","Horacio Miranda","E. Miranda-Zapata"],"abstract":"School engagement is considered a key variable in promoting educational trajectories. Previous research shows that maintaining high levels of school engagement is fundamental, given its association with multiple academic results and lower-risk behaviors. This article aims to show how school engagement profiles (based on the behavioral, affective, and cognitive subdimensions) relate to academic achievement (math and language), contextual factors (family, teachers, and peer support), and gender. This study involved 527 students enrolled in the 1st year of secondary education in public schools in Chile. All students came from vulnerable schools. Our study used cluster analysis to identify students’ profiles. We identified the existence of three different profiles of school engagement (high, medium, and low) considering the three subdimensions of school engagement (behavioral, affective and cognitive). Secondly, ANOVA analysis showed differences in language and math academic achievement scores between the profiles, where higher engagement students showed higher academic performance in language and math. These findings are consistent with previous studies showing that contextual factors strongly influence school engagement and better behavioral engagement in female than male students. It will discuss the pertinence of person-centered approaches focusing on combinations of variables within students rather than taking each variable as the focal point when analyzing goals. These techniques are a favorable methodological alternative to investigate why some students have better results than others instead of just ranking students by their performance. It will conclude with some future lines of research and practical implications.","doi":"10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1088089","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/87742b658ca56bb1bcd7ef7ad6fd329af56e4eb5","result_position":23,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":226958787,"title":"Comorbid Learning Difficulties in Reading and Mathematics: The Role of Intelligence and In-Class Attentive Behavior","venue":"Frontiers in Psychology","year":2020,"authors":["D. Geary","Mary K. Hoard","Lara Nugent","Zehra E Ünal","John E. Scofield"],"abstract":"The goal was to identify the domain-general cognitive abilities and academic attitudes that are common and unique to reading and mathematics learning difficulties that in turn will have implications for intervention development. Across seventh and eighth grade, 315 (155 boys) adolescents (M age = 12.75 years) were administered intelligence, verbal short-term and working memory, and visuospatial memory, attention, and ability measures, along with measures of English and mathematics attitudes and mathematics anxiety. Teachers reported on students’ in-class attentive behavior. A combination of Bayesian and multi-level models revealed that intelligence and in-class attentive behavior were common predictors of reading accuracy, reading fluency, and mathematics achievement. Verbal short-term memory was more critical for reading accuracy and fluency, whereas spatial ability and mathematics self-efficacy were more critical for mathematics achievement. The combination of intelligence and in-class attentive behavior discriminated typically achieving students from students with comorbid (D = 2.44) or mathematics (D = 1.59) learning difficulties, whereas intelligence, visuospatial attention, and verbal short-term memory discriminated typically achieving students from students with reading disability (D = 1.08). The combination of in-class attentive behavior, verbal short-term memory, and mathematics self-efficacy discriminated students with mathematics difficulties from their peers with reading difficulties (D = 1.16). Given the consistent importance of in-class attentive behavior, we conducted post hoc follow-up analyses. The results suggested that students with poor in-class attentive behavior were disengaging from academic learning which in turn contributed to their risk of learning difficulties.","doi":"10.3389/fpsyg.2020.572099","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c016819ccb40b55e378f0e94de198fc1f3539a33","result_position":24,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":251408968,"title":"Early-warning prediction of student performance and engagement in open book assessment by reading behavior analysis","venue":"International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education","year":2022,"authors":["B. Flanagan","Rwitajit Majumdar","H. Ogata"],"abstract":"Digitized learning materials are a core part of modern education, and analysis of the use can offer insight into the learning behavior of high and low performing students. The topic of predicting student characteristics has gained a lot of attention in recent years, with applications ranging from affect to performance and at-risk student prediction. In this paper, we examine students reading behavior using a digital textbook system while taking an open-book test from the perspective of engagement and performance to identify the strategies that are used. We create models to predict the performance and engagement of learners before the start of the assessment and extract reading behavior characteristics employed before and after the start of the assessment in a higher education setting. It was found that strategies, such as: revising and previewing are indicators of how a learner will perform in an open ebook assessment. Low performing students take advantage of the open ebook policy of the assessment and employ a strategy of searching for information during the assessment. Also compared to performance, the prediction of overall engagement has a higher accuracy, and therefore could be more appropriate for identifying intervention candidates as an early-warning intervention system.","doi":"10.1186/s41239-022-00348-4","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d096877d3fd02ed87bf084dbd41abdb7d7fb6261","result_position":25,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":148413153,"title":"Keeping the \"Welcome Sign\" Lit: A Review of Building Mathematics Learning Communities: Improving Outcomes in Urban High Schools","venue":"Journal of Urban Mathematics Education","year":2016,"authors":["Kayla D. Myers"],"abstract":"KAYLA D. MYERS is a PhD student in the Department of Early Childhood and Elementary Education in the College of Education and Human Development, at Georgia State University, P.O. Box 3978, Atlanta, GA 30302; email: kmyers@gsu.edu. Her research interests include mathematics teacher education and development; teachers’ transitions from the university setting to the mathematics classroom; and issues of power, identity, and subjectivity through discursive practices in mathematics learning communities. BOOK REVIEW","doi":"10.21423/jume-v9i1a299","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/413039d9fcc00bb3a3202aabdf495260b23d1148","result_position":26,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":3107105,"title":"Encouraging Realistic Expectations in STEM Students: Paradoxical Effects of a Motivational Intervention","venue":"Frontiers in Psychology","year":2016,"authors":["Nathan C. Hall","Anna Sverdlik"],"abstract":"College students in STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) disciplines are increasingly faced with highly competitive and demanding degree programs and are at risk of academic overconfidence. Following from theory and research highlighting the psychological and developmental risks of unrealistic expectations, the present exploratory study evaluated the longitudinal effects of a motivational intervention encouraging college students in STEM degree programs (N = 52) to consider the importance of downgrading one’s expectations in response to academic setbacks. Contrary to study hypotheses, the results showed intervention participants to report significantly higher expectations and optimism on post-test measures administered 4 months later, no significant gains in emotional well-being or achievement goal orientations, and lower GPAs over five subsequent semesters. These paradoxical effects underscore the need for additional larger-scale research on the nature of students’ responses to potentially ego-threatening motivational programs in STEM disciplines so as to minimize achievement deficits at the expense of preserving motivational resources.","doi":"10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01109","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a17b0dae116cbf0229ea8c6b5e4a7cd39267538f","result_position":27,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":265423703,"title":"A self-regulation intervention conducted by class teachers: impact on elementary students’ basic psychological needs and classroom engagement","venue":"Frontiers in Psychology","year":2023,"authors":["Jennifer Cunha","J. Martins","Rafaela Peseta","Pedro Rosário"],"abstract":"Literature has reported a decrease in students’ engagement throughout schooling, but more worrying, is that elementary students already show signs of disengagement. This data sets the case to develop interventions at this school level. The narrative-based intervention “Yellow Trials and Tribulations” aimed to promote self-regulation has been proven to positively impact elementary students’ school engagement. Acknowledging that classroom engagement is expected to be more closely related to learning and achievement than school engagement, the current study aims to extend the research of the mentioned intervention on elementary students’ classroom engagement (i.e., behavioral, emotional, cognitive, and agentic dimensions), as well as on basic psychological needs (i.e., perceived autonomy, competence, and relatedness)—an antecedent of students’ engagement. The current intervention was implemented by 4th-grade class teachers trained for that purpose and was assessed following a quasi-experimental design with pretest and posttest data collection. Participants were 90 students in the experimental group, and 91 in the comparison group. A multivariate analysis of variance with repeated measures was run for each construct. At the end of the intervention, children in the experimental group reported higher perceived competence and classroom engagement (all dimensions) than their counterparts in the comparison group (small and medium effect sizes were found). No follow-up was conducted to examine whether the intervention effects were long-lasting. Results are expected to support researchers’ and educators’ efforts to effectively implement the intervention, and maximize its benefits to students. For example, extra efforts could be made to help implementers better respond to students’ psychological needs (in this case, perceived autonomy and relatedness), and consequently increase classroom engagement (especially behavioral and emotional engagement, which revealed lower effect sizes).","doi":"10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1220536","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/053f4f093fcf5b91990d7838702bc22c0b43f93c","result_position":28,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":35643113,"title":"Effects of Reform-Based Mathematics Instruction on Low Achievers in Five Third-Grade Classrooms","venue":"The Elementary school journal","year":2001,"authors":["J. Baxter","J. Woodward","D. Olson"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1086/499686","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d95259676442c77342371b156e3e68dc59b1b939","result_position":29,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":220970624,"title":"Enhancing academic engagement of underachieving gifted students: The effects of Martin's educational program","venue":"Journal of Education and Health Promotion","year":2020,"authors":["Meadeh Hesam","A. Abedi"],"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Gifted students are superior to their peers in terms of cognitive, educational, scientific, creativity, and artistic abilities. There are also gifted students who struggle with cognitive, educational, social, emotional, and behavioral development, especially academic performance. They are called underachieving students. One of the main problems of these students is the low level of academic engagement in educational settings. Thus, this study investigated the effectiveness of Martin's educational program on academic engagement (behavioral, emotional, cognitive, and agency) of underachieving gifted students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty underachieving gifted students were selected by purposeful sampling from a high school in Isfahan, Iran, and were divided randomly into the experimental (n = 15) and the control (n = 15) groups. All participants completed the students' academic engagement questionnaire (behavioral engagement, emotional engagement, cognitive engagement, and agency engagement) at pre/post-test. RESULTS: The findings showed that Martin's cognitive-behavioral program had a significant effect on academic engagement and its subscales, including behavioral engagement, emotional engagement, cognitive engagement, and agency engagement. CONCLUSION: School counselors could benefit Martin's cognitive-behavioral program to promote the academic engagement of underachieving gifted students.","doi":"10.4103/jehp.jehp_715_19","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6e24d5ef43376ab508efee23857cab4a643b508a","result_position":30,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":266823759,"title":"A comparative study of online gaming between high-performing and low-performing students—A case from China","venue":"Heliyon","year":2024,"authors":["Lianxiu Bu","Bairen Ding"],"abstract":"Children are a nation's future. In the digital era, online gaming has become deeply ingrained in the lives of children, significantly impacting them. Thus, comprehensively examining this situation is imperative. However, the existing research has predominantly focused on analyzing online gaming among underachieving students. This narrow focus has magnified the negative implications of gaming among this group while overlooking the underlying structural realities. To address this, in contrast to prior studies emphasizing underachieving students' gaming behavior, this paper takes a holistic and group-specific approach. Based on academic performance and using purposive sampling, 35 participants (18 students, 12 parents, and 5 teachers) were selected for a comprehensive investigation. This study compares the gaming behavior, significance, external assessments, and the urban–rural and socioeconomic factors associated with underachieving and high-achieving students. The study reveals stark differences in gaming behavior between the two groups. Underachieving students tend to engage in excessive gaming, whereas their high-achieving counterparts exhibit more moderate gaming habits. Further analysis uncovers distinct meanings associated with online gaming for these two groups. Underachieving students' gaming patterns align with the established theory of compensatory gaming, fulfilling their lack of achievement and meaning in real life. Conversely, high-achieving students conform to the enrichment theory, viewing gaming as a means to enrich their learning and overall lives, rather than a substitute for what is lacking. The disparity in gaming behavior is further amplified by the differential evaluations provided by parents and teachers. Moreover, this study underscores the deeper structural distinctions between these two groups rooted in urban–rural backgrounds and family education.","doi":"10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24291","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/43da0e19bbe8b793da786fb1b60805c437d0ae1a","result_position":31,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":219452879,"title":"Promoting Middle School Students’ Engagement Through Incorporating iPad Apps in EFL/ESL Classes","venue":"SAGE Open","year":2020,"authors":["Basmah Al-Bogami","T. Elyas"],"abstract":"The use of iPad and other handheld devices in classrooms is spreading. Their use can empower learners and expose them to a plethora of resources. Yet, when it comes to learning a foreign language, reasonably little has been done to empirically ascertain the influence of iPad apps on facilitating language learning as well as engaging language learners. Thus, this study endeavored to illumine the extent to which a selection of iPad applications, used as a pedagogical tool, augment young learners’ engagement and learning in English as a foreign language (EFL) environments. The participants were a group of 20 middle school girls in Saudi Arabia. The study adopted a mixed-methods approach by utilizing a self-reported Likert-type scale questionnaire divided into three constructs, namely, helpfulness, ease of use, and engagement to measure learners’ perception after the intervention of the iPad apps. In addition, observational data were gathered to record students’ primary actions toward the apps. Ultimately, based on the statistical evidence, learners exhibited highly positive attitudes toward the use of the apps in their EFL classes (reading and vocabulary) as they found the apps bolstering their level of engagement and learning compared to traditional teaching paradigms. It was also found that the apps helped foster more active learning in the classroom. This investigation hopes to assist EFL/English as a second language (ESL) practitioners, particularly in the growing domain of iPads in education.","doi":"10.1177/2158244020926570","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a69f06bf3e745107832f41ccaa437faf5c56a01a","result_position":32,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":53462817,"title":"Early Alert of Academically At-Risk Students: An Open Source Analytics Initiative","venue":"Journal of Learning Analytics","year":2014,"authors":["Sandeep M. Jayaprakash","Erik W. Moody","E. Lauría","James R. Regan","Joshua D. Baron"],"abstract":"The Open Academic Analytics Initiative (OAAI) is a collaborative, multi-year grant program aimed at researching issues related to the scaling up of learning analytics technologies and solutions across all of higher education. The paper describes the goals and objectives of the OAAI, depicts the process and challenges of collecting, organizing and mining student data to predict academic risk, and report results on the predictive performance of those models, their portability across pilot programs at partner institutions, and the results of interventions on at-risk students.","doi":"10.18608/JLA.2014.11.3","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4f66d276bce0719ca830b91c1f3a2d1e9719bc6b","result_position":33,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":57765405,"title":"Self-Reported Engagement in a Drug Prevention Program: Individual and Classroom Effects on Proximal and Behavioral Outcomes","venue":"Journal of Primary Prevention","year":2019,"authors":["W. B. Hansen","Charles B. Fleming","L. Scheier"],"abstract":"Numerous studies emphasize the role of student engagement in academic learning and performance. Less known is whether engagement plays a role in drug prevention program outcomes. We examined a self-report measure of engagement as part of the All Stars Core drug prevention program evaluation, assessing its impact on target risk mechanisms and behavioral outcomes. Students completed pretests just prior to and posttests just after completing the intervention. Surveys assessed demographics, proximal intervening measures (i.e., commitments to avoid substance use and antisocial behavior, perceived lifestyle incongruence with substance use and antisocial behavior, normative beliefs about substance use and antisocial behavior, and parental attentiveness), and distal outcome measures of alcohol, cigarette use, and antisocial behaviors. A brief 6-item posttest measure including items tapping the students’ perspective on the quality of teaching the program material and their level of engagement with the program was internally consistent (α = .79). Multi-level analyses positing engagement effects at both the classroom- and individual-level indicated that classroom average engagement was significantly associated with all the targeted risk mechanisms, and outcomes of antisocial behavior and alcohol use, controlling for pretest measures and classroom size. Individual student engagement relative to classroom peers was significantly associated with all posttest target risk mechanisms and behavioral outcomes. The current findings suggest that students should routinely provide assessments of engagement and perceived quality of teaching, which would improve our understanding of how prevention programs work. Teachers can improve engagement by paying attention to students when they speak in class, making the program enjoyable to participants, encouraging students to share opinions, stimulating attentiveness, being well prepared to deliver the intervention, and helping students think broadly about implications of drug prevention as it affects their lives. This type of support will ultimately engage students in ways that will enhance the likelihood that these programs will have their desired effects.","doi":"10.1007/s10935-018-00532-1","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/698418794939509b245ed0979ae7bb737c1187e5","result_position":34,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":252148005,"title":"The Impact of Modifying Food Service Practices in Secondary Schools Providing a Routine Meal Service on Student’s Food Behaviours, Health and Dining Experience: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","venue":"Nutrients","year":2022,"authors":["E. Mingay","M. Hart","Serene Yoong","K. Palazzi","Ellie D'Arcy","Kirrilly M. Pursey","A. Hure"],"abstract":"The education sector is recognised as an ideal platform to promote good nutrition and decision making around food and eating. Examining adolescents in this setting is important because of the unique features of adolescence compared to younger childhood. This systematic review and meta-analysis examine interventions in secondary schools that provide a routine meal service and the impact on adolescents’ food behaviours, health and dining experience in this setting. The review was guided by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Checklist and Cochrane Handbook recommendations. Studies published in English searched in four databases and a hand search yielded 42 interventions in 35 studies. Risk of bias was assessed independently by two reviewers. Interventions were classified using the NOURISHING framework, and their impact analysed using meta-analysis, vote-counting synthesis or narrative summary. The meta-analysis showed an improvement in students selecting vegetables (odds ratio (OR): 1.39; 1.12 to 1.23; p = 0.002), fruit serves selected (mean difference (MD): 0.09; 0.09 to 0.09; p < 0.001) and consumed (MD: 0.10; 0.04 to 0.15; p < 0.001), and vegetable serves consumed (MD: 0.06; 0.01 to 0.10; p = 0.024). Vote-counting showed a positive impact for most interventions that measured selection (15 of 25; 41% to 77%; p = 0.002) and consumption (14 of 24; 39% to 76%; p = 0.013) of a meal component. Interventions that integrate improving menu quality, assess palatability, accessibility of healthier options, and student engagement can enhance success. These results should be interpreted with caution as most studies were not methodologically strong and at higher risk of bias. There is a need for higher quality pragmatic trials, strategies to build and measure sustained change, and evaluation of end-user attitudes and perceptions towards intervention components and implementation for greater insight into intervention success and future directions (PROSPERO registration: CRD42020167133).","doi":"10.3390/nu14173640","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/51b7299f41c4c71f0b12e545e84cf4e5fe7aa42d","result_position":35,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":198983553,"title":"Reappraising academic and social adversity improves middle school students’ academic achievement, behavior, and well-being","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","year":2019,"authors":["Geoffrey D. Borman","Christopher S. Rozek","Jaymes Pyne","Paul Hanselman"],"abstract":"Significance Without social and emotional support, adolescent students who have recently made the difficult transition to middle school experience decreased social belonging, waning academic performance, and increased risk of dropping out. This randomized field trial, conducted at scale across a Midwestern school district, reveals how a psychologically precise intervention for students supported transitioning sixth graders. Intervention materials taught students that middle school adversity is common, short-lived, and due to external, temporary causes rather than personal inadequacies. As a result, students realized improved social and psychological well-being, fewer absences and disciplinary infractions, and higher grade point averages. Implemented at scale, this intervention holds potential to help to address the widespread academic underperformance by the nation’s transitioning middle school students. The period of early adolescence is characterized by dramatic changes, simultaneously affecting physiological, psychological, social, and cognitive development. The physical transition from elementary to middle school can exacerbate the stress and adversity experienced during this critical life stage. Middle school students often struggle to find social and emotional support, and many students experience a decreased sense of belonging in school, diverting students from promising academic and career trajectories. Drawing on psychological insights for promoting belonging, we fielded a brief intervention designed to help students reappraise concerns about fitting in at the start of middle school as both temporary and normal. We conducted a district-wide double-blind experimental study of this approach with middle school students (n = 1,304). Compared with the control condition activities, the intervention reduced sixth-grade disciplinary incidents across the district by 34%, increased attendance by 12%, and reduced the number of failing grades by 18%. Differences in benefits across demographic groups were not statistically significant, but some impacts were descriptively larger for historically underserved minority students and boys. A mediational analysis suggested 80% of long-term intervention effects on students’ grade point averages were accounted for by changes in students’ attitudes and behaviors. These results demonstrate the long-term benefits of psychologically reappraising stressful experiences during critical transitions and the psychological and behavioral mechanisms that support them. Furthermore, this brief intervention is a highly cost-effective and scalable approach that schools may use to help address the troubling decline in positive attitudes and academic outcomes typically accompanying adolescence and the middle school transition.","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1820317116","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/99f4ec7364421d3e2e483ebf2063b9262f3872db","result_position":36,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":236771276,"title":"Class Size and Teacher Work: Research Provided to the BCTF in their Struggle to Negotiate Teacher Working Conditions","venue":"Canadian Journal of Educational Administration and Policy","year":2021,"authors":["Dan Laitsch","H. Nguyen","C. Younghusband"],"abstract":"This paper presents an update of a 2010-literature review on class size research completed as background in preparation of an affidavit on class size provided by the lead author in the case of British Columbia Teachers’ Federation v. British Columbia, argued before the Supreme Court of British Columbia in 2010, appealed ultimately to the Supreme Court of Canada and ruled on November 10, 2016. We find that smaller classes can improve teacher-student interactions and individualized instruction, decreasing time spent on discipline issues, leading to better student behaviour, attitude, and efforts. Smaller classes generally have greater advantages for younger students, and effects are more observable in class sizes of less than 20. Small classes may shrink achievement gaps, decrease dropout rates, and increase high school graduation rates, and appear to enhance academic outcomes, particularly for marginalized groups. Researchers have detected class size effects many years later. Small classes have been found to boost teachers’ morale and job satisfaction. While some studies have found effects at the secondary and post-secondary level, results are generally inconclusive at this level. Finally, some researchers have argued that class size reductions are an inefficient use of funds which might be better spent elsewhere in the system. The paper concludes with a brief reflection on the process of providing this research for Supreme Court case.","doi":"10.7202/1078519ar","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2eaffa046923e23b3fea85d4734a1edca3a9306d","result_position":37,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":252124037,"title":"Youth voices and experiences regarding a school-based cognitive behavioral therapy skills intervention: lessons for future engagement and adaptation","venue":"BMC Public Health","year":2022,"authors":["Paula Klim-Conforti","A. Levitt","A. Cheung","Raisa Loureiro","Mark Fefergrad","A. Schaffer","T. Niederkrotenthaler","M. Sinyor","Juveria Zaheer"],"abstract":"Background The Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Skills Intervention (or CBTSI) aims to build mental health literacy and knowledge, allowing youth to build resilience and improve mental health broadly. In Ontario, Canada, youth voice is scant and European studies have largely reported on youth factors supporting stigma reduction, help-seeking intentions and overall satisfaction with a given intervention. Process evaluations and implementation that underpin what youth require to embrace mental health literacy interventions, particularly those that embed key learning principles in the everyday curriculum, have not been broached. The goal of this study is to understand both barriers and facilitators to engagement with the CBTSI (an intervention novel in itself because of the combined mental health plus cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) skills principles embedded in literacy) and the resources and structures that students report requiring, to fully engage with such an intervention. Methods Student focus groups were conducted utilizing qualitative interviews that were analyzed thematically. Analysis was informed using principles of pragmatism and analyzed inductively using thematic analysis (Braun and Clarke, Qual Res Psychol 3:77–101, 2006), first looking at the whole and then coding for themes, within an interpretivist framework. Youth were in middle school (grade 7 and 8) in Toronto, Canada who had received the CBTSI. Face to face interview guides with iterative questioning were conducted in February of 2020, and these interviews were audio-recorded and professionally transcribed. Teachers randomly chose a subset of youth whose parents consented to the research to ensure ethno-racial similarity to classroom demographics. Results There were eight groups with sixty students who participated. Students were 12 to 14 years of age. Major themes were identified: maximizing the opportunities for involvement and self-determination created an atmosphere where confidence and self-compassion could flourish, signalling to the students that they understood and were able to deploy the strategies they were taught; students expressed that the intervention needs to be adapted to enhance personal dignity, respecting both individual wishes and goals in light of the variability in student reported mental health. A model explains the structures and adaptations required to maximize learning based on youth feedback. Interpretation Mental health literacy incorporating CBT is a promising population-based health promotion intervention. Future adaptations and implementation decisions regarding the CBTSI need to address the wishes and experiences of these youth. Youth voice in this study explored factors that prevent and promote the uptake of the key lessons within the context of existing variability in student mental health that is often found within the context of a regular classroom. The results should be used to adapt the CBTSI as it is disseminated more broadly.","doi":"10.1186/s12889-022-14058-z","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a9b0796b24e3dd5919eaa6bf2c90e5938fd62dd0","result_position":38,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":145805675,"title":"(Dis)advantage and (Dis)engaged: Reflections from the First Year of Secondary School in Australia","venue":"","year":2014,"authors":["Greg Neal","Nicola Yelland"],"abstract":"Adolescents continue to be at risk of disengaging from formal education, particularly in the transition year from primary to secondary schooling. This is a critical time in their education journey and can affect their ongoing academic performances. This paper reflects on the initial findings of a project to gauge students’ levels of engagement in the first year of secondary school (12-13 years of age). The project was undertaken with students in 4 schools in two Australian states, located in low socio economic areas. Approximately 80 students from the 4 schools were selected to participate in an intervention project with specific targeted activities that aimed to increase levels of engagement in schooling to eventually aid them to aspire to desired career choices. A mixed methods research approach enabled us to capture, analyse and report on the participating students’ perceptions in terms of their attitudes towards schooling, their academic performance, and selected aspects of school life. We also interviewed their parents and teachers about these topics. The results indicated that there were some changes in attitudes towards schooling for some individuals, but generally the majority of student engagement levels remained static or tended to be negative. This remains a cause of concern for educators who are trying to find ways to encourage students to be more engaged with formal education that supports their career aspirations.","doi":"10.5539/JEL.V3N3P1","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9b03d9acb3b6fc5b29a404d2df781f3b4345e6ab","result_position":39,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":236242203,"title":"The Importance of Peer Quality for Completion of Higher Education","venue":"Economics of Education Review","year":2021,"authors":["M. Humlum","Mette Thorsager"],"abstract":"Abstract Using detailed Danish administrative data covering the entire population of students entering higher education in the period 1985 to 2010, we investigate the importance of a student’s peers in higher education for the decision to drop out. We use high school GPA as a predetermined measure of student ability and idiosyncratic variation in peer composition across cohorts within the same education and institution. Our findings suggest that peer ability is an important determinant of students’ drop out decisions as well as later labor market outcomes. Overall, we find that a one standard deviation increase in peers’ high school GPA reduces the probability of dropping out by 4.6 percentage points. This number masks considerable heterogeneity by level and field of study. Allowing for a more flexible specification, we find that low quality peers have adverse effects on the probability of dropping out while high quality peers have beneficial effects. These effects are more pronounced for lower ability students.","doi":"10.1016/J.ECONEDUREV.2021.102120","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/92025c98581f93d4e931be4fdd2c784b37f7a151","result_position":40,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":262221240,"title":"THE INFLUENCE OF CURRICULUM AND ASSESSMENT POLICIES AND PRACTICES ON STUDENT ENGAGEMENT AND DROPOUT RISK IN SECONDARY EDUCATION IN MOGADISHU, SOMALIA","venue":"European Journal of Education Studies","year":2023,"authors":["R. A. Mohamed"],"abstract":"The purpose of this research was to investigate the influence of curriculum and assessment policies and practices on student engagement and dropout risk in secondary schools in Mogadishu, Somalia. To combine the data from diverse sources, the research employed a literature review strategy. Dropout risk was defined as the possibility of students leaving school before finishing their secondary education, while student engagement was described as the degree of participation, interest, and excitement that students display in their learning process. Motivation, expectations, mental health, substance abuse, parental involvement, grade retention, IQ, learning difficulties, academic achievement, curriculum quality, relevance, consistency, alignment, teacher capacity, teaching materials, assessment system, governance, and management were identified as factors influencing student engagement and dropout risk at the individual, classroom, school, and system levels. The study found that the curriculum and assessment policies and practices in Mogadishu-Somalia were low in quality, inconsistent, irrelevant, and misaligned with the national standards and the needs of the learners and society. The study recommended improving and aligning the curriculum and assessment policies and practices in secondary education in Mogadishu-Somalia with the national standards, the needs of the learners and society, and the principles of student engagement and differentiation. To achieve this goal, the study suggested developing and sharing a clear vision and goals, involving all stakeholders in the curriculum and assessment processes, adapting the curriculum and assessment to the diverse needs of students, engaging and motivating students in the curriculum and assessment, and improving teacher capacity, curriculum framework, teaching and learning materials, assessment and certification system, and governance and management of the education sector. Article visualizations:","doi":"10.46827/ejes.v10i10.5040","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/257a162aee03ec8a3c1508354a27829709217117","result_position":41,"is_clicked":false}],"string":"[\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 199466753,\n \"title\": \"A national experiment reveals where a growth mindset improves achievement\",\n \"venue\": \"Nature\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"David S. Yeager\",\n \"Paul Hanselman\",\n \"G. Walton\",\n \"Jared S. Murray\",\n \"Robert Crosnoe\",\n \"C. Muller\",\n \"Elizabeth Tipton\",\n \"B. Schneider\",\n \"Chris S. Hulleman\",\n \"Cintia P. Hinojosa\",\n \"D. Paunesku\",\n \"Carissa Romero\",\n \"K. Flint\",\n \"Alice Roberts\",\n \"Jill Trott\",\n \"Ronaldo Iachan\",\n \"Jenny Buontempo\",\n \"Sophia Man Yang\",\n \"Carlos M. Carvalho\",\n \"P. Hahn\",\n \"M. Gopalan\",\n \"Pratik C. Mhatre\",\n \"Ronald F. Ferguson\",\n \"Angela L. Duckworth\",\n \"C. Dweck\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"A global priority for the behavioural sciences is to develop cost-effective, scalable interventions that could improve the academic outcomes of adolescents at a population level, but no such interventions have so far been evaluated in a population-generalizable sample. Here we show that a short (less than one hour), online growth mindset intervention—which teaches that intellectual abilities can be developed—improved grades among lower-achieving students and increased overall enrolment to advanced mathematics courses in a nationally representative sample of students in secondary education in the United States. Notably, the study identified school contexts that sustained the effects of the growth mindset intervention: the intervention changed grades when peer norms aligned with the messages of the intervention. Confidence in the conclusions of this study comes from independent data collection and processing, pre-registration of analyses, and corroboration of results by a blinded Bayesian analysis. A US national experiment showed that a short, online, self-administered growth mindset intervention can increase adolescents’ grades and advanced course-taking, and identified the types of school that were poised to benefit the most.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s41586-019-1466-y\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f9fb223742fce060785d7f59861d0341d149cb04\",\n \"result_position\": 0,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 255264075,\n \"title\": \"Does your group matter? How group function impacts educational outcomes in problem-based learning: a scoping review\",\n \"venue\": \"BMC Medical Education\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Athena Li\",\n \"Elif Bilgic\",\n \"Amy Keuhl\",\n \"M. Sibbald\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Background Problem-based learning (PBL) is a common instructional method in undergraduate health professions training. Group interactions with and within PBL curricula may influence learning outcomes, yet few studies have synthesized the existing evidence. This scoping review summarized the literature examining the influence of group function on individual student PBL outcomes. Following Kirkpatrick’s framework, experiential, academic, and behavioral outcomes were considered. The impacts of three aspects of group function were explored: (1) Group Composition (identities and diversity), (2) Group Processes (conduct and climate, motivation and confidence, and facilitation), and (3) PBL Processes (tutorial activities). Methods A literature search was conducted using Medline, CINAHL, and APA PsychInfo from 1980–2021, with the help of a librarian. English-language empirical studies and reviews that related group function to learning outcome, as defined, in undergraduate health professions PBL curricula were included. Relevant references from included articles were also added if eligibility criteria were met. The methods, results, discussions, and limitations of the sample were summarized narratively. Results The final sample ( n = 48) varied greatly in context, design, and results. Most studies examined junior medical students ( n = 32), used questionnaires for data collection ( n = 29), and reported immediate cross-sectional outcomes ( n = 34). Group Processes was the most frequently examined aspect of group function ( n = 29), followed by Group Composition ( n = 26) and PBL Processes ( n = 12). The relationships between group function and outcomes were not consistent across studies. PBL experiences were generally highly rated, but favorable student experiences were not reliable indicators of better academic or behavioral outcomes. Conversely, problematic group behaviors were not predictors of poorer grades. Common confounders of outcome measurements included exam pressure and self-study. Conclusions The main findings of the review suggested that (1) group function is more predictive of experiential than academic or behavioral PBL outcomes, and (2) different Kirkpatrick levels of outcomes are not highly correlated to each other. More research is needed to understand the complexity of group function in PBL tutorials under variable study contexts and better inform curricular training and design. Standardized tools for measuring PBL group function may be required for more conclusive findings.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1186/s12909-022-03966-8\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6cb39852fc68120a5552358f5ad3f958329f10bb\",\n \"result_position\": 1,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 256395220,\n \"title\": \"Raising attainment for low-scoring students through quectures: an analysis of achievement and engagement with personalised learning in lectures\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of STEM Education\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"H. McQueen\",\n \"N. Colegrave\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Quectures are flipped lectures with embedded ‘quecture questions’, which employ metacognitive reflection as an active learning intervention. Quecture questions are students’ own questions, identified and constructed by students around learning objectives during lectures. The quecture question intervention aims to support each student to engage better with their learning and to work at an individually appropriate level, and is accessible to all students irrespective of learning background. This research explores engagement and performance of students using the intervention, with a focus on those who traditionally receive low scores, to measure the effectiveness of quecture questions. Accumulated data demonstrate that student engagement with quecture questions is associated with improved learning on wider topics than those on which the intervention was used, as evidenced by improved overall course scores. Students who participate minimally within other elements of the course but who do submit their own quecture questions gain disproportionate benefit. The improved performance benefits of engagement with quecture questions are most marked for students with low prior scores. Students originating from the same country as our university and those whose parents did not attend university represent typically low-scoring demographic groups with low participation levels who might potentially benefit from the quecture strategy. However, lack of engagement with the intervention is also prevalent in these student groups precluding unengaged students from benefitting. Quecture questions represent a simple yet effective intervention for improving learning in lectures. Broad learning benefits suggest improved learning habits, and support the notion that the intervention leads to students assuming increased responsibility for their own learning. The use of quecture questions generated most benefit to low-scoring students, validating the intervention as a useful tool with which to address learning inequities. The quecture question intervention readily adapts to suit online learning and represents an ideal first step for busy instructors wishing to adapt their lectures towards a more student-centred approach to learning.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1186/s40594-022-00360-0\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/12543c11c7f3b8d3c771cba1a2f971869c7f9012\",\n \"result_position\": 2,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 265102102,\n \"title\": \"Effective interactive engagement strategies for MOOC forum discussion: A self-efficacy perspective\",\n \"venue\": \"PLoS ONE\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Wei Wei\",\n \"Jia Liu\",\n \"Xiaoshu Xu\",\n \"Kimberly Kolletar-Zhu\",\n \"Yunfeng Zhang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This mixed methods sequential explanatory study identified and explained the features of engagement strategies for MOOC forum discussion that help low-achieving students make significant progress. Triangulated data were collected from MOOC learners’ (n = 335) scores in two reading assessments, their posts to the embedded online discussion forum, and their self-reflection learning journals. Based on learning progress between pre- and post-assessment tasks, MOOC learners are divided into three groups: 1) little, 2) moderate, and 3) significant progress. According to a statistical analysis of the quantified posts, surprisingly, the low-scoring students from the pre-test who demonstrated significant progress later engaged in significantly fewer peer-peer and peer-teacher interactions in the online discussion forum. Guided by self-efficacy literature, the reflective journals of these learners suggested that 1) learner-content interactions may help them advance learning and obtain new information and linguistic knowledge from the peer-made learning materials in the discussion forum; 2) they did not share and exchange ideas and answers with their peers. Instead, they prefer learning from others’ discussions and wish to get quick feedback and suggestions on their contributions to the discussion forum; and 3) peer-peer and peer-teacher interactions were proposed as two solutions to regulate their online learning experience as they lack self-discipline and time-management skills. Implications include teachers’ continuous support to encourage low-achieving students to learn peer-generated content and quick feedback on their contributions to the discussion forum.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1371/journal.pone.0293668\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e79049b3589829a79b117dd3bb302cf4b016b004\",\n \"result_position\": 3,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 125508197,\n \"title\": \"Effectiveness of Collaboration on Low and High Achieving School Students’ Comprehension of Electrochemistry in South Africa\",\n \"venue\": \"European Journal of STEM Education\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Kwaku Darko Amponsah\",\n \"J. Kotoka\",\n \"Christopher Beccles\",\n \"S. Dlamini\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This paper is part of a larger study that investigated the ‘Effectiveness of collaboration on low and high achieving school students’ comprehension of electrochemistry in South Africa’. The study occurred in the Ximhungwe circuit of the Bohlabela district in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa. The theoretical framework for this study was based on Vygotsky‘s social constructivism theory, which he defines as ‘a sociological theory of knowledge that applies the general philosophy of constructivism into social settings’. A sample of 47 12th grade physical sciences students from two public schools (one of the schools is high achieving and the other is low achieving) in the circuit was purposively selected to participate in the study. Students were given electrochemistry concept test (ECT) as pre-test and post-test. Results from mean and standard deviation, and one-way between group analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) showed that high achieving school (HAS) students taught with the conceptual change teaching strategy (CCTS), specifically collaboration had significantly better acquisition of scientific conceptions related to electrochemistry than low achieving school (LAS) students, also taught with CCTS. Analysis from a scatterplot of post-test against pre-test grouped on type of school showed a linear correlation between pre-test and post-test scores for each intervention type, which indicated that there was no interaction effect. The study has shown that collaboration contribute to meaningful learning, which inadvertently improves students’ comprehension and consequent achievement in electrochemistry concepts but more positive for students from high achieving schools.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.20897/EJSTEME/2685\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e79bc3fc5f0ae1be368edb0e99f1a5b0a3d5b16a\",\n \"result_position\": 4,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 247813684,\n \"title\": \"Does the Peer Group Matter? Assessing Frog Pond Effects in Transition to Secondary Schooling\",\n \"venue\": \"Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"P. Skov\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Peers are considered important for adolescents’ educational achievement and attainment, though little conclusive evidence demonstrate peer comparison effects. Using school and year fixed-effects models to account for peer group selection and comprehensive Danish administrative data on more than 260,000 students, across six cohorts, this study provides evidence of the so-called frog pond effect on the choice of secondary education among adolescents in Denmark. The frog pond effect is based upon a social comparison mechanism with heterogeneous effects. Through peer achievement, the author investigates the heterogeneous effects and show that peer achievement has different effects for low- and high-achieving students on choice of secondary education. The results shows that low-achieving students benefit from having high-achieving peers, while high-achieving students are negatively affected by their high-achieving peers, although only to a small extent. These findings lend support to the frog pond effect for high-achieving students.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1177/23780231221088652\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/689502810dcf597f06bce33f0aacef4ca4c2b3ad\",\n \"result_position\": 5,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 233890743,\n \"title\": \"Teaching to Self-Regulate in Mathematics: A Quasi-Experimental Study with Low-Achieving Elementary School Students\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Daniel Trías Seferian\",\n \"Cindy Mels Auman\",\n \"Juan Antonio Huertas Martínez\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Teaching students to self-regulate enhances their mathematics performance, yet few studies have investigated the long-term differential impact of particular self-regulation strategies specifically for low-achieving students. This quasi-experimental study evaluates the effect of teaching different self-regulation strategies on mathematical problem solving in low-achieving students. The participants were 69 sixth-grade elementary school students randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups (and taught predominantly cognitive, metacognitive or volitional strategies, while verifying intervention fidelity) or a control group for 16 sessions. Mathematical problem-solving skills were evaluated prior to the intervention, upon completion, and two months later. While all three intervention groups obtained significantly better results compared to the control group immediately after the intervention, volitional and metacognitive strategies showed the strongest and most lasting positive effects. We conclude that low-achieving students could benefit from learning self-regulation strategies, particularly when these strategies take into account the affective and motivational dynamics of learning.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.24320/REDIE.2021.23.E02.2945\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4b94dad51c2540f5cd5e3987fa5ea51c30387cb6\",\n \"result_position\": 6,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 250094901,\n \"title\": \"Raising attainment for low-scoring students through quectures: an analysis of achievement and engagement with personalised learning in lectures\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of STEM Education\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"H. McQueen\",\n \"N. Colegrave\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Background Quectures are flipped lectures with embedded ‘quecture questions’, which employ metacognitive reflection as an active learning intervention. Quecture questions are students’ own questions, identified and constructed by students around learning objectives during lectures. The quecture question intervention aims to support each student to engage better with their learning and to work at an individually appropriate level, and is accessible to all students irrespective of learning background. This research explores engagement and performance of students using the intervention, with a focus on those who traditionally receive low scores, to measure the effectiveness of quecture questions. Results Accumulated data demonstrate that student engagement with quecture questions is associated with improved learning on wider topics than those on which the intervention was used, as evidenced by improved overall course scores. Students who participate minimally within other elements of the course but who do submit their own quecture questions gain disproportionate benefit. The improved performance benefits of engagement with quecture questions are most marked for students with low prior scores. Students originating from the same country as our university and those whose parents did not attend university represent typically low-scoring demographic groups with low participation levels who might potentially benefit from the quecture strategy. However, lack of engagement with the intervention is also prevalent in these student groups precluding unengaged students from benefitting. Conclusions Quecture questions represent a simple yet effective intervention for improving learning in lectures. Broad learning benefits suggest improved learning habits, and support the notion that the intervention leads to students assuming increased responsibility for their own learning. The use of quecture questions generated most benefit to low-scoring students, validating the intervention as a useful tool with which to address learning inequities. The quecture question intervention readily adapts to suit online learning and represents an ideal first step for busy instructors wishing to adapt their lectures towards a more student-centred approach to learning .\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1186/s40594-022-00360-0\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3e7e0e71ee80a3ace3a308e18bde738cbf2cd7b8\",\n \"result_position\": 7,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 220267467,\n \"title\": \"A Randomized Field Experiment Using Self-Reflection on School Behavior to Help Students in Secondary School Reach Their Performance Potential\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Psychology\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Eva Feron\",\n \"T. Schils\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Recent policy reports documented that a growing group of students in secondary education could perform better given their expected performance. Studies showed that school performance is related to a range of social–emotional factors, including self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, and responsible decision making. However, experimental studies in schools on the relation between these factors and school performance are scarce, and results are mixed. This study used a randomized field experiment to examine whether self-reflection on school behavior of underperforming secondary school students affected their school performance [grade point average (GPA)], school engagement, and self-concept. The sample comprised 337 ninth-grade students (M = 15.74 years old; SD = 0.58) from 18 secondary schools in Netherlands. The intervention was designed in co-creation with teachers, to be as close to school practice as possible. Underperformance was measured using achievement test scores from both primary and secondary school, supplemented with teacher and parental assessments. Different model specifications were estimated to perform the analyses and test for robustness of findings. The results showed that, for treatment compliance, students with higher school motivation were approximately 29% more likely to comply. Students who reported higher levels of self-concept of school tasks were 17% less likely to comply. No significant effects of the treatment were observed on students’ GPA, school motivation, hours spent on homework, or self-concept of school tasks. The treatment showed a negative effect on self-concept of leadership skills.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01356\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9ca10e18d6b12a0839ab5e2eb69aba3acad4dad5\",\n \"result_position\": 8,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 46425337,\n \"title\": \"The Impact of Technology-enabled Active Learning on Student Performance, Gender and Achievement Level\",\n \"venue\": \"International Conference on Computer Supported Education\",\n \"year\": 2010,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ruey S. Shieh\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Technology Enabled Active Learning (TEAL) is an innovative pedagogical method emphasizing active, interactive learning. It is implemented in a technology-rich, multimedia studio. The National Chung Cheng University (CCU) is the first university in Taiwan to use the TEAL studio to teach science courses. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of TEAL on student learning at CCU, including the influence on genders and achievement levels. A quasi-experimental research was designed to conduct this study. Data sources consist of a pre-test, a post-test, and a survey. The preliminary results indicate that (1) the experimental (TEAL) students significantly outperformed the control (traditional classroom) students, (2) the experimental male students outperformed their counterpart male students, (3) the learning gain achieved by the experimental female students was more significant than that of their counterpart female students, and (4) the experimental low-achieving students achieved the highest learning gain among the different achievement-level groups. Narrowing the learning gap between different achievement levels of students through the use of this technology-enhanced learning approach appears promising. Nonetheless, continuing to improve the teaching innovation is necessary, particularly in terms of more effectively integrating technology-enabled features into teaching. 1 RESEARCH BACKGROUND Technology-Enabled Active Learning (TEAL) was developed by MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) in 2001. It is an innovative teaching and learning format featuring multimedia-equipped studios to facilitate students learning science and technology-related courses. TEAL emphasizes group discussion and interaction during the teaching process. The group interaction and discussion is accomplished through the support of built-in assessment processes, such as the personal response system (PRS), which some educators consider a powerful tool for teaching science courses (e.g. Beatty & Gerace, 2009; Beatty, et al., 2006). In Taiwan, the National Chung Cheng University (CCU) is the first university using TEAL to improve student learning. At CCU, students majoring in sciences and engineering disciplines are required to take the General Physics (GP) course in their freshman year offered by the Physics Department. In order to help students better understand the abstract concepts associated with basic physics, the notion of technology-enabled active learning was introduced to its campus in 2004. Similar to the TEAL studio established at MIT, the CCU TEAL studio was equipped with tables, big-screen projectors around the walls, and blackboards in between the projectors. Figure 1 shows an overhead view of the TEAL studio and Figure 2 displays a scene of a hands-on activity. Figure 1: An overhead view Figure 2: A hands-on Activity. of the TEAL studio. In 2005, CCU began to use the TEAL studio to teach 420 Shieh R. (2010). THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY-ENABLED ACTIVE LEARNING ON STUDENT PERFORMANCE, GENDER AND ACHIEVEMENT LEVEL. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Computer Supported Education, pages 420-425 DOI: 10.5220/0002783504200425 Copyright c © SciTePress the GP course to the physics major students. By the year of 2007, there were three classes of department-wide students studying the GP course in the TEAL studio. Based on the students’ learning outcomes in 2007, the experimental (TEAL) students and the control (traditional classroom) students achieved about the same learning gains in the first semester (6.43% vs. 6.34%); however, the experimental students achieved much higher learning gain than their counterpart students in the second semester (18.09% vs. 11.20%). Nevertheless, this learning gain of below 20% was still considered relatively small (Hestenes & Halloun, 1995). Improvements for implementing the innovative pedagogy were identified, including improving teaching skills, reconsidering the content coverage, and more deliberately integrating the lab activities into the lecture content. More detailed findings are to be published elsewhere. The purpose of this study is to continue assessing the impact of TEAL on student learning demonstrated in 2008. In addition to comparing the learning outcomes of the experimental and control groups, this study also examines the learning gains achieved by the different genders and different academic achievement-levels. Three research questions are addressed in the study: 1. To what extent does technology-enabled active learning impact student learning for the experimental and control groups? 2. To what extent does technology-enabled active learning impact student learning between the genders? 3. To what extent does technology-enabled active learning impact student learning among high, intermediate, and low achieving levels?\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5220/0002783504200425\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/053e3501bdaefee1903132437a8e2a9d40dcd240\",\n \"result_position\": 9,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 221707357,\n \"title\": \"The effects of a peer-tutoring strategy on children’s e-book reading comprehension\",\n \"venue\": \"South African Journal of Education\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Mengping Tsuei\",\n \"Hsiu-Wen Huang\",\n \"Shu-fen Cheng\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Reading competence is one of the most critical skills for children’s academic success. In the study reported on here we proposed an integrated peer-tutoring strategy for reading comprehension that employs e-books for elementary school students. The effects of this strategy on children’s reading comprehension were investigated using a quasi-experimental design. Three classes of 11–12-year-old students (n = 73) participated in the study for 12 weeks. Compared to the control group, students in the experimental group, who engaged in peer tutoring with e-book reading, showed significant gains in reading comprehension. Students’ perceptions of the benefits of the peer-tutoring resources to their reading are discussed. The findings demonstrate that the integration of peer tutoring in e-book reading results in an effective instructional model for the enhancement of elementary school students’ reading. \\nKeywords: e-book; elementary school children; mobile learning; peer tutoring; reading comprehension\",\n \"doi\": \"10.15700/saje.v40n2a1734\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e100a9a1d211b71b83182993a352a56665313586\",\n \"result_position\": 10,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 204366771,\n \"title\": \"Dynamics of Reflective Assessment and Knowledge Building for Academically Low-Achieving Students\",\n \"venue\": \"The American Educational Research Journal\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yuqin Yang\",\n \"Jan van Aalst\",\n \"Carol K. K. Chan\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This study investigates designs for developing knowledge building (KB) and higher order competencies among academically low-achieving students. Thirty-seven low-achieving students from a ninth-grade visual arts course in Hong Kong participated. The design involved principle-based KB pedagogy, with students writing on Knowledge Forum® (KF), enriched by analytics-supported reflective assessment. Analysis of the discourse on KF showed that the low achievers were able to engage in productive discourse, with evidence of metacognitive, collaborative, and epistemic inquiry. Analysis illustrates how the design supported student engagement, including (1) reflective inquiry and social metacognition; (2) reflective meta- and epistemic talk; (3) evidence-based reflection for collective growth; and (4) reflection embedded in community ethos. Implications of reflective assessment for supporting low achievers for inquiry learning and KB are discussed.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3102/0002831219872444\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a9459205b3771bcf1268da469cca3ef9b956fce1\",\n \"result_position\": 11,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 253522932,\n \"title\": \"Impact of combining human and analytics feedback on students’ engagement with, and performance in, reflective writing tasks\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Wannapon Suraworachet\",\n \"Qi Zhou\",\n \"M. Cukurova\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Reflective writing is part of many higher education courses across the globe. It is often considered a challenging task for students as it requires self-regulated learning skills to appropriately plan, timely engage and deeply reflect on learning experiences. Despite an advance in writing analytics and the pervasiveness of human feedback aimed to support student reflections, little is known about how to integrate feedback from humans and analytics to improve students’ learning engagement and performance in reflective writing tasks. This study proposes a personalised behavioural feedback intervention based on students’ writing engagement analytics utilising time-series analysis of digital traces from a ubiquitous online word processing platform. In a semester-long experimental study involving 81 postgraduate students, its impact on learning engagement and performance was studied. The results showed that the intervention cohort engaged statistically significantly more in their reflective writing task after receiving the combined feedback compared to the control cohort which only received human feedback on their reflective writing content. Further analyses revealed that the intervention cohort reflected more regularly at the weekly level, the regularity of weekly reflection led to better performance grades, and the impact on students with low self-regulated learning skills was higher. This study emphasizes the powerful benefits of implementing combined feedback approaches in which the strengths of analytics and human feedback are synthesized to improve student engagement and performance. Further research should explore the long-term sustainability of the observed effects and their validity in other contexts.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1186/s41239-022-00368-0\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/79da9249eb2ee0c94aecd034e500a5e869615c78\",\n \"result_position\": 12,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 225156352,\n \"title\": \"Tackling Educational Inequalities with Social Psychology: Identities, Contexts, and Interventions\",\n \"venue\": \"Social Issues and Policy Review\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Easterbrook\",\n \"I. R. Hadden\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Some groups of students—typically those who have suffered because of historical inequality in society—disproportionately experience psychological barriers to educational success. These psychological barriers—feelings of threat to their social identity and the sense that their identity is incompatible with educational success—make substantial contributions to inequalities in educational outcomes between groups, even beyond economic, historical, and structural inequalities. A range of wise psychological interventions can help remove these barriers by targeting students’ subjective interpretation of their local educational context. In this review, we outline the Identities in Context model of educational inequalities, which proposes that interactions between students’ social identities and features of the local educational context—expectations about a group’s academic performance, a group’s representation in positions associated with academic success, and a group’s orientation towards education—can trigger social identity threat and identity incompatibility in ways that vary considerably across contexts. We present an implementation process, based on the Identities in Context model, that academic researchers, policymakers, and practitioners can follow to help them choose and tailor wise interventions that are effective in reducing educational inequalities in their local context. Throughout the review, we make policy recommendations regarding how educational practices can be altered to help remove psychological barriers for underperforming groups of students and so reduce educational inequalities. Some groups of students—such as some ethnic minorities or those from lower class backgrounds—on average achieve much lower academic grades and\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1111/sipr.12070\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bbaf380a067ed62b6a07978dc2541feceb06357a\",\n \"result_position\": 13,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 246528730,\n \"title\": \"Components of engagement in saying-is-believing exercises\",\n \"venue\": \"Current Psychology\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"H. Lee\",\n \"L. Santana\",\n \"Peter McPartlan\",\n \"J. Eccles\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The saying-is-believing effect is an important step for changing students’ attitudes and beliefs in a wise intervention. However, most studies have not closely examined the process of the saying-is-believing effect when individuals are engaged in the activity. Using a qualitative approach, the present study uses an engagement framework to investigate (a) components of engagement in the saying-is-believing effect; and (b) how differently students may engage in a saying-is-believing exercise. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 undergraduates in a scholarship program for low-income transfer students from community college. Analysis using inductive and deductive approaches found that students varied on the extent to which they experienced the effectiveness of the saying-is-believing effect through affective, cognitive, and behavioral experiences. The study offers examples of how people can indeed differ in the extent to which they experience the saying-is-believing effect, and the implications for designing more effective interventions. Specifically, students’ positive affective experiences from seeing the larger goal of creating videos may be important components for the saying-is-believing effect to work. Behavioral experiences, such as learning soft skills, academic skills learned indirectly from the intervention, and academic skills learned directly from the intervention were accompanied by both positive affective and cognitive experiences. Findings show the importance of students’ differential engagement in saying-is-believing exercises both for building more effective wise interventions and interpreting heterogeneity in intervention effectiveness.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s12144-022-02782-z\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e1d3e62a7e3333b18c223993782c800b1be5f58a\",\n \"result_position\": 14,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 247744168,\n \"title\": \"Data-driven decision-making in creating class rosters\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Research in Innovative Teaching & Learning\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Rebecca Wolf\",\n \"Joseph M. Reilly\",\n \"S. Ross\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"PurposeThis article informs school leaders and staffs about existing research findings on the use of data-driven decision-making in creating class rosters. Given that teachers are the most important school-based educational resource, decisions regarding the assignment of students to particular classes and teachers are highly impactful for student learning. Classroom compositions of peers can also influence student learning.Design/methodology/approachA literature review was conducted on the use of data-driven decision-making in the rostering process. The review addressed the merits of using various quantitative metrics in the rostering process.FindingsFindings revealed that, despite often being purposeful about rostering, school leaders and staffs have generally not engaged in data-driven decision-making in creating class rosters. Using data-driven rostering may have benefits, such as limiting the questionable practice of assigning the least effective teachers in the school to the youngest or lowest performing students. School leaders and staffs may also work to minimize negative peer effects due to concentrating low-achieving, low-income, or disruptive students in any one class. Any data-driven system used in rostering, however, would need to be adequately complex to account for multiple influences on student learning. Based on the research reviewed, quantitative data alone may not be sufficient for effective rostering decisions.Practical implicationsGiven the rich data available to school leaders and staffs, data-driven decision-making could inform rostering and contribute to more efficacious and equitable classroom assignments.Originality/valueThis article is the first to summarize relevant research across multiple bodies of literature on the opportunities for and challenges of using data-driven decision-making in creating class rosters.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1108/jrit-03-2019-0045\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dfa03dfc6b8269da2050535b0180ad621c108e43\",\n \"result_position\": 15,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 18314961,\n \"title\": \"Small-Group Learning in an Upper-Level University Biology Class Enhances Academic Performance and Student Attitudes Toward Group Work\",\n \"venue\": \"PLoS ONE\",\n \"year\": 2010,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Andrew D. Gaudet\",\n \"L. Ramer\",\n \"J. Nakonechny\",\n \"Jacquelyn J. Cragg\",\n \"M. Ramer\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"To improve science learning, science educators' teaching tools need to address two major criteria: teaching practice should mirror our current understanding of the learning process; and science teaching should reflect scientific practice. We designed a small-group learning (SGL) model for a fourth year university neurobiology course using these criteria and studied student achievement and attitude in five course sections encompassing the transition from individual work-based to SGL course design. All students completed daily quizzes/assignments involving analysis of scientific data and the development of scientific models. Students in individual work-based (Individualistic) sections usually worked independently on these assignments, whereas SGL students completed assignments in permanent groups of six. SGL students had significantly higher final exam grades than Individualistic students. The transition to the SGL model was marked by a notable increase in 10th percentile exam grade (Individualistic: 47.5%; Initial SGL: 60%; Refined SGL: 65%), suggesting SGL enhanced achievement among the least prepared students. We also studied student achievement on paired quizzes: quizzes were first completed individually and submitted, and then completed as a group and submitted. The group quiz grade was higher than the individual quiz grade of the highest achiever in each group over the term. All students – even term high achievers –could benefit from the SGL environment. Additionally, entrance and exit surveys demonstrated student attitudes toward SGL were more positive at the end of the Refined SGL course. We assert that SGL is uniquely-positioned to promote effective learning in the science classroom.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1371/journal.pone.0015821\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d074e8c36f787a1690c04fecd0187d2b7c1f79b8\",\n \"result_position\": 16,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 237791364,\n \"title\": \"Engaging Politically Disenfranchised Students in Governance\",\n \"venue\": \"The Journal of Scholarship of Teaching and Learning\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Esther Nir\",\n \"Jennifer Musial\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"New Jersey City University is an urban, Minority- and Hispanic-Serving Institution with a First-Generation-to-College, commuter, and immigrant student population. How can we engage our students who feel powerless, distrustful, or even threatened by government actors in governance? Will perceptions of governance change with increased exposure to political elites in their communities? Using Community Engaged Learning methods, we asked students to attend civic meetings and courtrooms to observe the inner workings of governance and engage in dialogue with political elites. Journals and surveys reveal that students deconstructed pre-conceived notions of powerlessness, humanized government actors, and became hopeful about change in their communities.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.14434/josotl.v21i2.28090\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7c017a138ae5da432e0523405ac9935a71d398cc\",\n \"result_position\": 17,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 211033032,\n \"title\": \"Academic Achievement and Social Interactions: A Longitudinal Analysis of Peer Selection Processes in Inclusive Elementary Classrooms\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Education\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Garrote\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This study analyzes the extent to which students in inclusive elementary classrooms select classmates for collaboration and play activities on the basis of academic achievement. To investigate this association, second and third graders (n = 506, mean age = 7.6 years) were asked to nominate classmates with whom they collaborate and play at the beginning and middle of the school year. The academic achievement level of students was assessed with a standardized mathematical test at the first measurement point. Two longitudinal social network models were specified to analyze whether academic achievement level functions as a selection criterion for collaboration (academic context) and play activities (play context). Structural network effects, selection effects, and sex-related effects were included in the models. The selection effects on academic achievement revealed that high achieving students were more likely selected by peers for collaboration but not for play activities. Thus, academic achievement was only relevant for peer selection processes in the academic context. Further, a negative homophily effect on academic achievement was found, which indicates that students selected dissimilar peers in terms of academic achievement level for interactions in the academic and play context. Thus, on one hand there was no similarity in academic achievement among peers who liked to collaborate and play together, which is a positive result from an educational and inclusive perspective; on the other hand, there was a tendency to select high achieving rather than low achieving peers for collaborative activities. Teaching practices that can help prevent the formation of such a hierarchy in the classroom and implications for future studies on the link between academic achievement and peer selection processes are discussed.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/feduc.2020.00004\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c7a489c7a78facc79098ccca3ce76594f668cdfa\",\n \"result_position\": 18,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 218890050,\n \"title\": \"The Development of an Academic Engagement Intervention for Academically Dismissed Students\",\n \"venue\": \"Innovative Higher Education\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Samuel T. Beasley\",\n \"Beverly J. Vandiver\",\n \"Ronald Dillard\",\n \"Walter Malone\",\n \"Randy Ott\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"“Reclaim the W” is an academic recovery program at a medium-sized midwestern university that offers undergraduates who have been academically dismissed a chance to reenroll at the institution. In this article we describe the Reclaim the W program and its target population of academically at-risk undergraduates. We then outline the first two phases of the process we used to develop an intervention for students in the Reclaim the W program, which we call Engage to Excel (E2). In the first phase we collected data from focus groups with academically at-risk students and professional staff who serve these students. This qualitative data informed the creation of the E2 intervention for students in the Reclaim the W program. In the second phase we identified key components of the quasi-experimental E2 intervention and outlined the student outcomes that will be evaluated during the intervention. Finally, we highlight research and practice implications of the E2 intervention.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s10755-020-09510-0\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fa5cba0c87c05b0a08732ce845a5af3b1341102c\",\n \"result_position\": 19,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 214361056,\n \"title\": \"Teaching practices for differentiating mathematics instruction for middle school students\",\n \"venue\": \"Mathematical Thinking and Learning\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Amy J. Hackenberg\",\n \"M. Creager\",\n \"Ayfer Eker\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"ABSTRACT Three iterative, 18-episode design experiments were conducted after school with groups of 6–9 middle school students to understand how to differentiate mathematics instruction. Prior research on differentiating instruction (DI) and hypothetical learning trajectories guided the instruction. As the experiments proceeded, this definition of DI emerged: proactively tailoring instruction to students’ mathematical thinking while developing a cohesive classroom community. Analysis of 10 episodes across experiments yielded five teaching practices that facilitated DI: using research-based knowledge of students’ mathematical thinking, providing purposeful choices and different pathways, inquiring responsively during group work, attending to small group functioning, and conducting whole class discussions across different thinkers. The latter three practices, at times, impeded DI. This study is a case of using second-order models of students’ mathematical thinking to differentiate instruction, and it reveals that inquiring into research-based knowledge and inquiring responsively into students’ thinking are at the heart of differentiating mathematics instruction.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/10986065.2020.1731656\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/06e4a6e7fbd7b70294fae7da84eade1798e2d8f0\",\n \"result_position\": 20,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 34664844,\n \"title\": \"Academic success among students at risk for school failure.\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Applied Psychology\",\n \"year\": 1997,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Finn\",\n \"D. Rock\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1037/0021-9010.82.2.221\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d6aec6bf2d5b212c59a82fa8ab0d98d677321b9c\",\n \"result_position\": 21,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 266740829,\n \"title\": \"High- and low-achieving international medical students’ perceptions of the factors influencing their academic performance at Chinese universities\",\n \"venue\": \"Medical Education Online\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Qinxu Jiang\",\n \"Hugo Horta\",\n \"Mantak Yuen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"ABSTRACT China has become an attractive destination for international medical students, particularly those from developing countries in Asia and Africa. These students are known to face difficulties in adapting to Chinese medical universities and they tend to score poorly on subsequent examinations to enter the medical profession in their home or in a third country. To date, limited research concerning the factors that affect the academic performance of this group of students in China has been conducted. In particular, there have been very few comparisons between high and low achievers to identify the factors that high- and low-achieving international medical students in all years of study perceive as affecting their academic performance. A qualitative research approach was implemented at two medical universities. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 high achievers and 22 low achievers in their second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and post-graduation years. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and coded using a thematic analysis approach.A few key overlapping factors were identified: social support, learning motivation and interest, exam preparation and strategies, time management, and coping. The high achievers manipulated these strategies successfully while the low achievers did not. The high achievers demonstrated efficient learning methods (efficient use of class time, good note-taking habits, preview and review strategies, expanded learning, self-study and group learning, deep learning, choosing an appropriate study location, and focusing on basics and concepts). They also achieved a good balance between studying and leisure. The low achievers mentioned learning challenges, health issues, English language barriers, and problems with online classes. This study allowed us to identify important factors that international medical students at Chinese institutions perceive to influence their performance. The findings contribute to the literature on the topic and provide a solid basis for practice and policy development.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/10872981.2023.2300194\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6b0a17acb511a55f04e84417ddb648437133cfa5\",\n \"result_position\": 22,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 256234252,\n \"title\": \"School engagement profiles in Chilean secondary students\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Psychology\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ximena De Toro\",\n \"M. Saracostti\",\n \"Laura Lara\",\n \"Horacio Miranda\",\n \"E. Miranda-Zapata\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"School engagement is considered a key variable in promoting educational trajectories. Previous research shows that maintaining high levels of school engagement is fundamental, given its association with multiple academic results and lower-risk behaviors. This article aims to show how school engagement profiles (based on the behavioral, affective, and cognitive subdimensions) relate to academic achievement (math and language), contextual factors (family, teachers, and peer support), and gender. This study involved 527 students enrolled in the 1st year of secondary education in public schools in Chile. All students came from vulnerable schools. Our study used cluster analysis to identify students’ profiles. We identified the existence of three different profiles of school engagement (high, medium, and low) considering the three subdimensions of school engagement (behavioral, affective and cognitive). Secondly, ANOVA analysis showed differences in language and math academic achievement scores between the profiles, where higher engagement students showed higher academic performance in language and math. These findings are consistent with previous studies showing that contextual factors strongly influence school engagement and better behavioral engagement in female than male students. It will discuss the pertinence of person-centered approaches focusing on combinations of variables within students rather than taking each variable as the focal point when analyzing goals. These techniques are a favorable methodological alternative to investigate why some students have better results than others instead of just ranking students by their performance. It will conclude with some future lines of research and practical implications.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1088089\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/87742b658ca56bb1bcd7ef7ad6fd329af56e4eb5\",\n \"result_position\": 23,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 226958787,\n \"title\": \"Comorbid Learning Difficulties in Reading and Mathematics: The Role of Intelligence and In-Class Attentive Behavior\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Psychology\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"D. Geary\",\n \"Mary K. Hoard\",\n \"Lara Nugent\",\n \"Zehra E Ünal\",\n \"John E. Scofield\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The goal was to identify the domain-general cognitive abilities and academic attitudes that are common and unique to reading and mathematics learning difficulties that in turn will have implications for intervention development. Across seventh and eighth grade, 315 (155 boys) adolescents (M age = 12.75 years) were administered intelligence, verbal short-term and working memory, and visuospatial memory, attention, and ability measures, along with measures of English and mathematics attitudes and mathematics anxiety. Teachers reported on students’ in-class attentive behavior. A combination of Bayesian and multi-level models revealed that intelligence and in-class attentive behavior were common predictors of reading accuracy, reading fluency, and mathematics achievement. Verbal short-term memory was more critical for reading accuracy and fluency, whereas spatial ability and mathematics self-efficacy were more critical for mathematics achievement. The combination of intelligence and in-class attentive behavior discriminated typically achieving students from students with comorbid (D = 2.44) or mathematics (D = 1.59) learning difficulties, whereas intelligence, visuospatial attention, and verbal short-term memory discriminated typically achieving students from students with reading disability (D = 1.08). The combination of in-class attentive behavior, verbal short-term memory, and mathematics self-efficacy discriminated students with mathematics difficulties from their peers with reading difficulties (D = 1.16). Given the consistent importance of in-class attentive behavior, we conducted post hoc follow-up analyses. The results suggested that students with poor in-class attentive behavior were disengaging from academic learning which in turn contributed to their risk of learning difficulties.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fpsyg.2020.572099\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c016819ccb40b55e378f0e94de198fc1f3539a33\",\n \"result_position\": 24,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 251408968,\n \"title\": \"Early-warning prediction of student performance and engagement in open book assessment by reading behavior analysis\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"B. Flanagan\",\n \"Rwitajit Majumdar\",\n \"H. Ogata\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Digitized learning materials are a core part of modern education, and analysis of the use can offer insight into the learning behavior of high and low performing students. The topic of predicting student characteristics has gained a lot of attention in recent years, with applications ranging from affect to performance and at-risk student prediction. In this paper, we examine students reading behavior using a digital textbook system while taking an open-book test from the perspective of engagement and performance to identify the strategies that are used. We create models to predict the performance and engagement of learners before the start of the assessment and extract reading behavior characteristics employed before and after the start of the assessment in a higher education setting. It was found that strategies, such as: revising and previewing are indicators of how a learner will perform in an open ebook assessment. Low performing students take advantage of the open ebook policy of the assessment and employ a strategy of searching for information during the assessment. Also compared to performance, the prediction of overall engagement has a higher accuracy, and therefore could be more appropriate for identifying intervention candidates as an early-warning intervention system.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1186/s41239-022-00348-4\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d096877d3fd02ed87bf084dbd41abdb7d7fb6261\",\n \"result_position\": 25,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 148413153,\n \"title\": \"Keeping the \\\"Welcome Sign\\\" Lit: A Review of Building Mathematics Learning Communities: Improving Outcomes in Urban High Schools\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Urban Mathematics Education\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Kayla D. Myers\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"KAYLA D. MYERS is a PhD student in the Department of Early Childhood and Elementary Education in the College of Education and Human Development, at Georgia State University, P.O. Box 3978, Atlanta, GA 30302; email: kmyers@gsu.edu. Her research interests include mathematics teacher education and development; teachers’ transitions from the university setting to the mathematics classroom; and issues of power, identity, and subjectivity through discursive practices in mathematics learning communities. BOOK REVIEW\",\n \"doi\": \"10.21423/jume-v9i1a299\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/413039d9fcc00bb3a3202aabdf495260b23d1148\",\n \"result_position\": 26,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 3107105,\n \"title\": \"Encouraging Realistic Expectations in STEM Students: Paradoxical Effects of a Motivational Intervention\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Psychology\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Nathan C. Hall\",\n \"Anna Sverdlik\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"College students in STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) disciplines are increasingly faced with highly competitive and demanding degree programs and are at risk of academic overconfidence. Following from theory and research highlighting the psychological and developmental risks of unrealistic expectations, the present exploratory study evaluated the longitudinal effects of a motivational intervention encouraging college students in STEM degree programs (N = 52) to consider the importance of downgrading one’s expectations in response to academic setbacks. Contrary to study hypotheses, the results showed intervention participants to report significantly higher expectations and optimism on post-test measures administered 4 months later, no significant gains in emotional well-being or achievement goal orientations, and lower GPAs over five subsequent semesters. These paradoxical effects underscore the need for additional larger-scale research on the nature of students’ responses to potentially ego-threatening motivational programs in STEM disciplines so as to minimize achievement deficits at the expense of preserving motivational resources.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01109\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a17b0dae116cbf0229ea8c6b5e4a7cd39267538f\",\n \"result_position\": 27,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 265423703,\n \"title\": \"A self-regulation intervention conducted by class teachers: impact on elementary students’ basic psychological needs and classroom engagement\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Psychology\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jennifer Cunha\",\n \"J. Martins\",\n \"Rafaela Peseta\",\n \"Pedro Rosário\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Literature has reported a decrease in students’ engagement throughout schooling, but more worrying, is that elementary students already show signs of disengagement. This data sets the case to develop interventions at this school level. The narrative-based intervention “Yellow Trials and Tribulations” aimed to promote self-regulation has been proven to positively impact elementary students’ school engagement. Acknowledging that classroom engagement is expected to be more closely related to learning and achievement than school engagement, the current study aims to extend the research of the mentioned intervention on elementary students’ classroom engagement (i.e., behavioral, emotional, cognitive, and agentic dimensions), as well as on basic psychological needs (i.e., perceived autonomy, competence, and relatedness)—an antecedent of students’ engagement. The current intervention was implemented by 4th-grade class teachers trained for that purpose and was assessed following a quasi-experimental design with pretest and posttest data collection. Participants were 90 students in the experimental group, and 91 in the comparison group. A multivariate analysis of variance with repeated measures was run for each construct. At the end of the intervention, children in the experimental group reported higher perceived competence and classroom engagement (all dimensions) than their counterparts in the comparison group (small and medium effect sizes were found). No follow-up was conducted to examine whether the intervention effects were long-lasting. Results are expected to support researchers’ and educators’ efforts to effectively implement the intervention, and maximize its benefits to students. For example, extra efforts could be made to help implementers better respond to students’ psychological needs (in this case, perceived autonomy and relatedness), and consequently increase classroom engagement (especially behavioral and emotional engagement, which revealed lower effect sizes).\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1220536\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/053f4f093fcf5b91990d7838702bc22c0b43f93c\",\n \"result_position\": 28,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 35643113,\n \"title\": \"Effects of Reform-Based Mathematics Instruction on Low Achievers in Five Third-Grade Classrooms\",\n \"venue\": \"The Elementary school journal\",\n \"year\": 2001,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Baxter\",\n \"J. Woodward\",\n \"D. Olson\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1086/499686\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d95259676442c77342371b156e3e68dc59b1b939\",\n \"result_position\": 29,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 220970624,\n \"title\": \"Enhancing academic engagement of underachieving gifted students: The effects of Martin's educational program\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Education and Health Promotion\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Meadeh Hesam\",\n \"A. Abedi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"INTRODUCTION: Gifted students are superior to their peers in terms of cognitive, educational, scientific, creativity, and artistic abilities. There are also gifted students who struggle with cognitive, educational, social, emotional, and behavioral development, especially academic performance. They are called underachieving students. One of the main problems of these students is the low level of academic engagement in educational settings. Thus, this study investigated the effectiveness of Martin's educational program on academic engagement (behavioral, emotional, cognitive, and agency) of underachieving gifted students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty underachieving gifted students were selected by purposeful sampling from a high school in Isfahan, Iran, and were divided randomly into the experimental (n = 15) and the control (n = 15) groups. All participants completed the students' academic engagement questionnaire (behavioral engagement, emotional engagement, cognitive engagement, and agency engagement) at pre/post-test. RESULTS: The findings showed that Martin's cognitive-behavioral program had a significant effect on academic engagement and its subscales, including behavioral engagement, emotional engagement, cognitive engagement, and agency engagement. CONCLUSION: School counselors could benefit Martin's cognitive-behavioral program to promote the academic engagement of underachieving gifted students.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.4103/jehp.jehp_715_19\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6e24d5ef43376ab508efee23857cab4a643b508a\",\n \"result_position\": 30,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 266823759,\n \"title\": \"A comparative study of online gaming between high-performing and low-performing students—A case from China\",\n \"venue\": \"Heliyon\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Lianxiu Bu\",\n \"Bairen Ding\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Children are a nation's future. In the digital era, online gaming has become deeply ingrained in the lives of children, significantly impacting them. Thus, comprehensively examining this situation is imperative. However, the existing research has predominantly focused on analyzing online gaming among underachieving students. This narrow focus has magnified the negative implications of gaming among this group while overlooking the underlying structural realities. To address this, in contrast to prior studies emphasizing underachieving students' gaming behavior, this paper takes a holistic and group-specific approach. Based on academic performance and using purposive sampling, 35 participants (18 students, 12 parents, and 5 teachers) were selected for a comprehensive investigation. This study compares the gaming behavior, significance, external assessments, and the urban–rural and socioeconomic factors associated with underachieving and high-achieving students. The study reveals stark differences in gaming behavior between the two groups. Underachieving students tend to engage in excessive gaming, whereas their high-achieving counterparts exhibit more moderate gaming habits. Further analysis uncovers distinct meanings associated with online gaming for these two groups. Underachieving students' gaming patterns align with the established theory of compensatory gaming, fulfilling their lack of achievement and meaning in real life. Conversely, high-achieving students conform to the enrichment theory, viewing gaming as a means to enrich their learning and overall lives, rather than a substitute for what is lacking. The disparity in gaming behavior is further amplified by the differential evaluations provided by parents and teachers. Moreover, this study underscores the deeper structural distinctions between these two groups rooted in urban–rural backgrounds and family education.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24291\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/43da0e19bbe8b793da786fb1b60805c437d0ae1a\",\n \"result_position\": 31,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 219452879,\n \"title\": \"Promoting Middle School Students’ Engagement Through Incorporating iPad Apps in EFL/ESL Classes\",\n \"venue\": \"SAGE Open\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Basmah Al-Bogami\",\n \"T. Elyas\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The use of iPad and other handheld devices in classrooms is spreading. Their use can empower learners and expose them to a plethora of resources. Yet, when it comes to learning a foreign language, reasonably little has been done to empirically ascertain the influence of iPad apps on facilitating language learning as well as engaging language learners. Thus, this study endeavored to illumine the extent to which a selection of iPad applications, used as a pedagogical tool, augment young learners’ engagement and learning in English as a foreign language (EFL) environments. The participants were a group of 20 middle school girls in Saudi Arabia. The study adopted a mixed-methods approach by utilizing a self-reported Likert-type scale questionnaire divided into three constructs, namely, helpfulness, ease of use, and engagement to measure learners’ perception after the intervention of the iPad apps. In addition, observational data were gathered to record students’ primary actions toward the apps. Ultimately, based on the statistical evidence, learners exhibited highly positive attitudes toward the use of the apps in their EFL classes (reading and vocabulary) as they found the apps bolstering their level of engagement and learning compared to traditional teaching paradigms. It was also found that the apps helped foster more active learning in the classroom. This investigation hopes to assist EFL/English as a second language (ESL) practitioners, particularly in the growing domain of iPads in education.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1177/2158244020926570\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a69f06bf3e745107832f41ccaa437faf5c56a01a\",\n \"result_position\": 32,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 53462817,\n \"title\": \"Early Alert of Academically At-Risk Students: An Open Source Analytics Initiative\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Learning Analytics\",\n \"year\": 2014,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Sandeep M. Jayaprakash\",\n \"Erik W. Moody\",\n \"E. Lauría\",\n \"James R. Regan\",\n \"Joshua D. Baron\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The Open Academic Analytics Initiative (OAAI) is a collaborative, multi-year grant program aimed at researching issues related to the scaling up of learning analytics technologies and solutions across all of higher education. The paper describes the goals and objectives of the OAAI, depicts the process and challenges of collecting, organizing and mining student data to predict academic risk, and report results on the predictive performance of those models, their portability across pilot programs at partner institutions, and the results of interventions on at-risk students.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.18608/JLA.2014.11.3\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4f66d276bce0719ca830b91c1f3a2d1e9719bc6b\",\n \"result_position\": 33,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 57765405,\n \"title\": \"Self-Reported Engagement in a Drug Prevention Program: Individual and Classroom Effects on Proximal and Behavioral Outcomes\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Primary Prevention\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"W. B. Hansen\",\n \"Charles B. Fleming\",\n \"L. Scheier\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Numerous studies emphasize the role of student engagement in academic learning and performance. Less known is whether engagement plays a role in drug prevention program outcomes. We examined a self-report measure of engagement as part of the All Stars Core drug prevention program evaluation, assessing its impact on target risk mechanisms and behavioral outcomes. Students completed pretests just prior to and posttests just after completing the intervention. Surveys assessed demographics, proximal intervening measures (i.e., commitments to avoid substance use and antisocial behavior, perceived lifestyle incongruence with substance use and antisocial behavior, normative beliefs about substance use and antisocial behavior, and parental attentiveness), and distal outcome measures of alcohol, cigarette use, and antisocial behaviors. A brief 6-item posttest measure including items tapping the students’ perspective on the quality of teaching the program material and their level of engagement with the program was internally consistent (α = .79). Multi-level analyses positing engagement effects at both the classroom- and individual-level indicated that classroom average engagement was significantly associated with all the targeted risk mechanisms, and outcomes of antisocial behavior and alcohol use, controlling for pretest measures and classroom size. Individual student engagement relative to classroom peers was significantly associated with all posttest target risk mechanisms and behavioral outcomes. The current findings suggest that students should routinely provide assessments of engagement and perceived quality of teaching, which would improve our understanding of how prevention programs work. Teachers can improve engagement by paying attention to students when they speak in class, making the program enjoyable to participants, encouraging students to share opinions, stimulating attentiveness, being well prepared to deliver the intervention, and helping students think broadly about implications of drug prevention as it affects their lives. This type of support will ultimately engage students in ways that will enhance the likelihood that these programs will have their desired effects.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s10935-018-00532-1\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/698418794939509b245ed0979ae7bb737c1187e5\",\n \"result_position\": 34,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 252148005,\n \"title\": \"The Impact of Modifying Food Service Practices in Secondary Schools Providing a Routine Meal Service on Student’s Food Behaviours, Health and Dining Experience: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis\",\n \"venue\": \"Nutrients\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"E. Mingay\",\n \"M. Hart\",\n \"Serene Yoong\",\n \"K. Palazzi\",\n \"Ellie D'Arcy\",\n \"Kirrilly M. Pursey\",\n \"A. Hure\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The education sector is recognised as an ideal platform to promote good nutrition and decision making around food and eating. Examining adolescents in this setting is important because of the unique features of adolescence compared to younger childhood. This systematic review and meta-analysis examine interventions in secondary schools that provide a routine meal service and the impact on adolescents’ food behaviours, health and dining experience in this setting. The review was guided by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Checklist and Cochrane Handbook recommendations. Studies published in English searched in four databases and a hand search yielded 42 interventions in 35 studies. Risk of bias was assessed independently by two reviewers. Interventions were classified using the NOURISHING framework, and their impact analysed using meta-analysis, vote-counting synthesis or narrative summary. The meta-analysis showed an improvement in students selecting vegetables (odds ratio (OR): 1.39; 1.12 to 1.23; p = 0.002), fruit serves selected (mean difference (MD): 0.09; 0.09 to 0.09; p < 0.001) and consumed (MD: 0.10; 0.04 to 0.15; p < 0.001), and vegetable serves consumed (MD: 0.06; 0.01 to 0.10; p = 0.024). Vote-counting showed a positive impact for most interventions that measured selection (15 of 25; 41% to 77%; p = 0.002) and consumption (14 of 24; 39% to 76%; p = 0.013) of a meal component. Interventions that integrate improving menu quality, assess palatability, accessibility of healthier options, and student engagement can enhance success. These results should be interpreted with caution as most studies were not methodologically strong and at higher risk of bias. There is a need for higher quality pragmatic trials, strategies to build and measure sustained change, and evaluation of end-user attitudes and perceptions towards intervention components and implementation for greater insight into intervention success and future directions (PROSPERO registration: CRD42020167133).\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/nu14173640\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/51b7299f41c4c71f0b12e545e84cf4e5fe7aa42d\",\n \"result_position\": 35,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 198983553,\n \"title\": \"Reappraising academic and social adversity improves middle school students’ academic achievement, behavior, and well-being\",\n \"venue\": \"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Geoffrey D. Borman\",\n \"Christopher S. Rozek\",\n \"Jaymes Pyne\",\n \"Paul Hanselman\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Significance Without social and emotional support, adolescent students who have recently made the difficult transition to middle school experience decreased social belonging, waning academic performance, and increased risk of dropping out. This randomized field trial, conducted at scale across a Midwestern school district, reveals how a psychologically precise intervention for students supported transitioning sixth graders. Intervention materials taught students that middle school adversity is common, short-lived, and due to external, temporary causes rather than personal inadequacies. As a result, students realized improved social and psychological well-being, fewer absences and disciplinary infractions, and higher grade point averages. Implemented at scale, this intervention holds potential to help to address the widespread academic underperformance by the nation’s transitioning middle school students. The period of early adolescence is characterized by dramatic changes, simultaneously affecting physiological, psychological, social, and cognitive development. The physical transition from elementary to middle school can exacerbate the stress and adversity experienced during this critical life stage. Middle school students often struggle to find social and emotional support, and many students experience a decreased sense of belonging in school, diverting students from promising academic and career trajectories. Drawing on psychological insights for promoting belonging, we fielded a brief intervention designed to help students reappraise concerns about fitting in at the start of middle school as both temporary and normal. We conducted a district-wide double-blind experimental study of this approach with middle school students (n = 1,304). Compared with the control condition activities, the intervention reduced sixth-grade disciplinary incidents across the district by 34%, increased attendance by 12%, and reduced the number of failing grades by 18%. Differences in benefits across demographic groups were not statistically significant, but some impacts were descriptively larger for historically underserved minority students and boys. A mediational analysis suggested 80% of long-term intervention effects on students’ grade point averages were accounted for by changes in students’ attitudes and behaviors. These results demonstrate the long-term benefits of psychologically reappraising stressful experiences during critical transitions and the psychological and behavioral mechanisms that support them. Furthermore, this brief intervention is a highly cost-effective and scalable approach that schools may use to help address the troubling decline in positive attitudes and academic outcomes typically accompanying adolescence and the middle school transition.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1073/pnas.1820317116\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/99f4ec7364421d3e2e483ebf2063b9262f3872db\",\n \"result_position\": 36,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 236771276,\n \"title\": \"Class Size and Teacher Work: Research Provided to the BCTF in their Struggle to Negotiate Teacher Working Conditions\",\n \"venue\": \"Canadian Journal of Educational Administration and Policy\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Dan Laitsch\",\n \"H. Nguyen\",\n \"C. Younghusband\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This paper presents an update of a 2010-literature review on class size research completed as background in preparation of an affidavit on class size provided by the lead author in the case of British Columbia Teachers’ Federation v. British Columbia, argued before the Supreme Court of British Columbia in 2010, appealed ultimately to the Supreme Court of Canada and ruled on November 10, 2016. We find that smaller classes can improve teacher-student interactions and individualized instruction, decreasing time spent on discipline issues, leading to better student behaviour, attitude, and efforts. Smaller classes generally have greater advantages for younger students, and effects are more observable in class sizes of less than 20. Small classes may shrink achievement gaps, decrease dropout rates, and increase high school graduation rates, and appear to enhance academic outcomes, particularly for marginalized groups. Researchers have detected class size effects many years later. Small classes have been found to boost teachers’ morale and job satisfaction. While some studies have found effects at the secondary and post-secondary level, results are generally inconclusive at this level. Finally, some researchers have argued that class size reductions are an inefficient use of funds which might be better spent elsewhere in the system. The paper concludes with a brief reflection on the process of providing this research for Supreme Court case.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.7202/1078519ar\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2eaffa046923e23b3fea85d4734a1edca3a9306d\",\n \"result_position\": 37,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 252124037,\n \"title\": \"Youth voices and experiences regarding a school-based cognitive behavioral therapy skills intervention: lessons for future engagement and adaptation\",\n \"venue\": \"BMC Public Health\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Paula Klim-Conforti\",\n \"A. Levitt\",\n \"A. Cheung\",\n \"Raisa Loureiro\",\n \"Mark Fefergrad\",\n \"A. Schaffer\",\n \"T. Niederkrotenthaler\",\n \"M. Sinyor\",\n \"Juveria Zaheer\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Background The Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Skills Intervention (or CBTSI) aims to build mental health literacy and knowledge, allowing youth to build resilience and improve mental health broadly. In Ontario, Canada, youth voice is scant and European studies have largely reported on youth factors supporting stigma reduction, help-seeking intentions and overall satisfaction with a given intervention. Process evaluations and implementation that underpin what youth require to embrace mental health literacy interventions, particularly those that embed key learning principles in the everyday curriculum, have not been broached. The goal of this study is to understand both barriers and facilitators to engagement with the CBTSI (an intervention novel in itself because of the combined mental health plus cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) skills principles embedded in literacy) and the resources and structures that students report requiring, to fully engage with such an intervention. Methods Student focus groups were conducted utilizing qualitative interviews that were analyzed thematically. Analysis was informed using principles of pragmatism and analyzed inductively using thematic analysis (Braun and Clarke, Qual Res Psychol 3:77–101, 2006), first looking at the whole and then coding for themes, within an interpretivist framework. Youth were in middle school (grade 7 and 8) in Toronto, Canada who had received the CBTSI. Face to face interview guides with iterative questioning were conducted in February of 2020, and these interviews were audio-recorded and professionally transcribed. Teachers randomly chose a subset of youth whose parents consented to the research to ensure ethno-racial similarity to classroom demographics. Results There were eight groups with sixty students who participated. Students were 12 to 14 years of age. Major themes were identified: maximizing the opportunities for involvement and self-determination created an atmosphere where confidence and self-compassion could flourish, signalling to the students that they understood and were able to deploy the strategies they were taught; students expressed that the intervention needs to be adapted to enhance personal dignity, respecting both individual wishes and goals in light of the variability in student reported mental health. A model explains the structures and adaptations required to maximize learning based on youth feedback. Interpretation Mental health literacy incorporating CBT is a promising population-based health promotion intervention. Future adaptations and implementation decisions regarding the CBTSI need to address the wishes and experiences of these youth. Youth voice in this study explored factors that prevent and promote the uptake of the key lessons within the context of existing variability in student mental health that is often found within the context of a regular classroom. The results should be used to adapt the CBTSI as it is disseminated more broadly.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1186/s12889-022-14058-z\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a9b0796b24e3dd5919eaa6bf2c90e5938fd62dd0\",\n \"result_position\": 38,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 145805675,\n \"title\": \"(Dis)advantage and (Dis)engaged: Reflections from the First Year of Secondary School in Australia\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2014,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Greg Neal\",\n \"Nicola Yelland\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Adolescents continue to be at risk of disengaging from formal education, particularly in the transition year from primary to secondary schooling. This is a critical time in their education journey and can affect their ongoing academic performances. This paper reflects on the initial findings of a project to gauge students’ levels of engagement in the first year of secondary school (12-13 years of age). The project was undertaken with students in 4 schools in two Australian states, located in low socio economic areas. Approximately 80 students from the 4 schools were selected to participate in an intervention project with specific targeted activities that aimed to increase levels of engagement in schooling to eventually aid them to aspire to desired career choices. A mixed methods research approach enabled us to capture, analyse and report on the participating students’ perceptions in terms of their attitudes towards schooling, their academic performance, and selected aspects of school life. We also interviewed their parents and teachers about these topics. The results indicated that there were some changes in attitudes towards schooling for some individuals, but generally the majority of student engagement levels remained static or tended to be negative. This remains a cause of concern for educators who are trying to find ways to encourage students to be more engaged with formal education that supports their career aspirations.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5539/JEL.V3N3P1\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9b03d9acb3b6fc5b29a404d2df781f3b4345e6ab\",\n \"result_position\": 39,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 236242203,\n \"title\": \"The Importance of Peer Quality for Completion of Higher Education\",\n \"venue\": \"Economics of Education Review\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Humlum\",\n \"Mette Thorsager\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract Using detailed Danish administrative data covering the entire population of students entering higher education in the period 1985 to 2010, we investigate the importance of a student’s peers in higher education for the decision to drop out. We use high school GPA as a predetermined measure of student ability and idiosyncratic variation in peer composition across cohorts within the same education and institution. Our findings suggest that peer ability is an important determinant of students’ drop out decisions as well as later labor market outcomes. Overall, we find that a one standard deviation increase in peers’ high school GPA reduces the probability of dropping out by 4.6 percentage points. This number masks considerable heterogeneity by level and field of study. Allowing for a more flexible specification, we find that low quality peers have adverse effects on the probability of dropping out while high quality peers have beneficial effects. These effects are more pronounced for lower ability students.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/J.ECONEDUREV.2021.102120\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/92025c98581f93d4e931be4fdd2c784b37f7a151\",\n \"result_position\": 40,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 262221240,\n \"title\": \"THE INFLUENCE OF CURRICULUM AND ASSESSMENT POLICIES AND PRACTICES ON STUDENT ENGAGEMENT AND DROPOUT RISK IN SECONDARY EDUCATION IN MOGADISHU, SOMALIA\",\n \"venue\": \"European Journal of Education Studies\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"R. A. Mohamed\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The purpose of this research was to investigate the influence of curriculum and assessment policies and practices on student engagement and dropout risk in secondary schools in Mogadishu, Somalia. To combine the data from diverse sources, the research employed a literature review strategy. Dropout risk was defined as the possibility of students leaving school before finishing their secondary education, while student engagement was described as the degree of participation, interest, and excitement that students display in their learning process. Motivation, expectations, mental health, substance abuse, parental involvement, grade retention, IQ, learning difficulties, academic achievement, curriculum quality, relevance, consistency, alignment, teacher capacity, teaching materials, assessment system, governance, and management were identified as factors influencing student engagement and dropout risk at the individual, classroom, school, and system levels. The study found that the curriculum and assessment policies and practices in Mogadishu-Somalia were low in quality, inconsistent, irrelevant, and misaligned with the national standards and the needs of the learners and society. The study recommended improving and aligning the curriculum and assessment policies and practices in secondary education in Mogadishu-Somalia with the national standards, the needs of the learners and society, and the principles of student engagement and differentiation. To achieve this goal, the study suggested developing and sharing a clear vision and goals, involving all stakeholders in the curriculum and assessment processes, adapting the curriculum and assessment to the diverse needs of students, engaging and motivating students in the curriculum and assessment, and improving teacher capacity, curriculum framework, teaching and learning materials, assessment and certification system, and governance and management of the education sector. Article visualizations:\",\n \"doi\": \"10.46827/ejes.v10i10.5040\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/257a162aee03ec8a3c1508354a27829709217117\",\n \"result_position\": 41,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":83,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"Find good research papers that includes limitations by focusing on challenges in detecting hallucinations in long-form generation, underexplored multi-agent detection methods (such as adversarial debate and voting), and the lack of explainable AI approaches for hallucination detection."},"query_timestamp":{"kind":"string","value":"2025-08-12T07:19:29.323608+00:00"},"thread_id":{"kind":"string","value":"88861a8be9d2f78ff36cc3052c1e89f3497dc495199be5491b8ad8ace0a06978"},"num_shown":{"kind":"number","value":41,"string":"41"},"num_clicked":{"kind":"number","value":15,"string":"15"},"has_clicks":{"kind":"bool","value":true,"string":"true"},"shown_papers":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"corpus_id":274965189,"title":"Toward Robust Hyper-Detailed Image Captioning: A Multiagent Approach and Dual Evaluation Metrics for Factuality and Coverage","venue":"International Conference on Machine Learning","year":2024,"authors":["Saehyung Lee","Seunghyun Yoon","Trung Bui","Jing Shi","Sungroh Yoon"],"abstract":"Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) excel at generating highly detailed captions but often produce hallucinations. Our analysis reveals that existing hallucination detection methods struggle with detailed captions. We attribute this to the increasing reliance of MLLMs on their generated text, rather than the input image, as the sequence length grows. To address this issue, we propose a multiagent approach that leverages LLM-MLLM collaboration to correct given captions. Additionally, we introduce an evaluation framework and a benchmark dataset to facilitate the systematic analysis of detailed captions. Our experiments demonstrate that our proposed evaluation method better aligns with human judgments of factuality than existing metrics and that existing approaches to improve the MLLM factuality may fall short in hyper-detailed image captioning tasks. In contrast, our proposed method significantly enhances the factual accuracy of captions, even improving those generated by GPT-4V. Finally, we highlight a limitation of VQA-centric benchmarking by demonstrating that an MLLM's performance on VQA benchmarks may not correlate with its ability to generate detailed image captions. Our code and data are available at https://github.com/adobe-research/CapMAS.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2412.15484","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3e02a636b8089b66996011ae46ef8acc30fc5242","result_position":0,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":270765469,"title":"FactAlign: Fact-Level Hallucination Detection and Classification Through Knowledge Graph Alignment","venue":"TRUSTNLP","year":2024,"authors":["M. Rashad","A. Zahran","Abanoub Amin","Amr Y. Abdelaal","Mohamed Altantawy"],"abstract":"This paper proposes a novel black-box approach for fact-level hallucination detection and classification by transforming the problem into a knowledge graph alignment task. This approach allows us to classify detected hallucinations as either intrinsic or extrinsic. The paper starts by discussing the field of hallucination detection and introducing several approaches to related work. Then, we introduce the proposed FactAlign approach for hallucination detection and discuss how we can use it to classify hallucinations as either intrinsic or extrinsic. Experiments are carried out to evaluate the proposed method against state-of-the-art methods on the hallucination detection task using the WikiBio GPT-3 hallucination dataset, and on the hallucination type classification task using the XSum hallucination annotations dataset. The experimental results show that our method achieves a 0.889 F1 score for the hallucination detection and 0.825 F1 for the hallucination type classification, without any further training, fine-tuning, or producing multiple samples of the LLM response.","doi":"10.18653/v1/2024.trustnlp-1.8","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/436b13fb1570d95eb80a66cec9b6d96ba1e5669f","result_position":1,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":276450123,"title":"What are Models Thinking about? Understanding Large Language Model Hallucinations \"Psychology\" through Model Inner State Analysis","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Peiran Wang","Yang Liu","Yunfei Lu","Jue Hong","Ye Wu"],"abstract":"Large language model (LLM) systems suffer from the models' unstable ability to generate valid and factual content, resulting in hallucination generation. Current hallucination detection methods heavily rely on out-of-model information sources, such as RAG to assist the detection, thus bringing heavy additional latency. Recently, internal states of LLMs' inference have been widely used in numerous research works, such as prompt injection detection, etc. Considering the interpretability of LLM internal states and the fact that they do not require external information sources, we introduce such states into LLM hallucination detection. In this paper, we systematically analyze different internal states' revealing features during inference forward and comprehensively evaluate their ability in hallucination detection. Specifically, we cut the forward process of a large language model into three stages: understanding, query, generation, and extracting the internal state from these stages. By analyzing these states, we provide a deep understanding of why the hallucinated content is generated and what happened in the internal state of the models. Then, we introduce these internal states into hallucination detection and conduct comprehensive experiments to discuss the advantages and limitations.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2502.13490","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4603d814951b860434f61183736185d16fef5bab","result_position":2,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":271270693,"title":"Halu-J: Critique-Based Hallucination Judge","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2024,"authors":["Binjie Wang","Steffi Chern","Ethan Chern","Pengfei Liu"],"abstract":"Large language models (LLMs) frequently generate non-factual content, known as hallucinations. Existing retrieval-augmented-based hallucination detection approaches typically address this by framing it as a classification task, evaluating hallucinations based on their consistency with retrieved evidence. However, this approach usually lacks detailed explanations for these evaluations and does not assess the reliability of these explanations. Furthermore, deficiencies in retrieval systems can lead to irrelevant or partially relevant evidence retrieval, impairing the detection process. Moreover, while real-world hallucination detection requires analyzing multiple pieces of evidence, current systems usually treat all evidence uniformly without considering its relevance to the content. To address these challenges, we introduce Halu-J, a critique-based hallucination judge with 7 billion parameters. Halu-J enhances hallucination detection by selecting pertinent evidence and providing detailed critiques. Our experiments indicate that Halu-J outperforms GPT-4o in multiple-evidence hallucination detection and matches its capability in critique generation and evidence selection. We also introduce ME-FEVER, a new dataset designed for multiple-evidence hallucination detection. Our code and dataset can be found in https://github.com/GAIR-NLP/factool .","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2407.12943","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5831c72295ebdd7f698deba914c30b907c801e6a","result_position":3,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":270258247,"title":"AI Agents Under Threat: A Survey of Key Security Challenges and Future Pathways","venue":"ACM Computing Surveys","year":2024,"authors":["Zehang Deng","Yongjian Guo","Changzhou Han","Wanlun Ma","Junwu Xiong","Sheng Wen","Yang Xiang"],"abstract":"An Artificial Intelligence (AI) agent is a software entity that autonomously performs tasks or makes decisions based on pre-defined objectives and data inputs. AI agents, capable of perceiving user inputs, reasoning and planning tasks, and executing actions, have seen remarkable advancements in algorithm development and task performance. However, the security challenges they pose remain under-explored and unresolved. This survey delves into the emerging security threats faced by AI agents, categorizing them into four critical knowledge gaps: unpredictability of multi-step user inputs, complexity in internal executions, variability of operational environments, and interactions with untrusted external entities. By systematically reviewing these threats, this article highlights both the progress made and the existing limitations in safeguarding AI agents. The insights provided aim to inspire further research into addressing the security threats associated with AI agents, thereby fostering the development of more robust and secure AI agent applications.","doi":"10.1145/3716628","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5aacf780ec16a29bdbe283a14f5a9e6b7e1f292d","result_position":4,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":269293208,"title":"Detecting and Mitigating Hallucination in Large Vision Language Models via Fine-Grained AI Feedback","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2024,"authors":["Wenyi Xiao","Ziwei Huang","Leilei Gan","Wanggui He","Haoyuan Li","Zhelun Yu","Hao Jiang","Fei Wu","Linchao Zhu"],"abstract":"The rapidly developing Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) have shown notable capabilities on a range of multi-modal tasks, but still face the hallucination phenomena where the generated texts do not align with the given contexts, significantly restricting the usages of LVLMs. Most previous work detects and mitigates hallucination at the coarse-grained level or requires expensive annotation (e.g., labeling by proprietary models or human experts). To address these issues, we propose detecting and mitigating hallucinations in LVLMs via fine-grained AI feedback. The basic idea is that we generate a small-size sentence-level hallucination annotation dataset by proprietary models, whereby we train a hallucination detection model which can perform sentence-level hallucination detection, covering primary hallucination types (i.e., object, attribute, and relationship). Then, we propose a detect-then-rewrite pipeline to automatically construct preference dataset for training hallucination mitigating model. Furthermore, we propose differentiating the severity of hallucinations, and introducing a Hallucination Severity-Aware Direct Preference Optimization (HSA-DPO) for mitigating hallucination in LVLMs by incorporating the severity of hallucinations into preference learning. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2404.14233","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/27d55a944b5c02b8c10eb250773d8eb082e06476","result_position":5,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":276421435,"title":"HalluEntity: Benchmarking and Understanding Entity-Level Hallucination Detection","venue":"Trans. Mach. Learn. Res.","year":2025,"authors":["Min-Hsuan Yeh","Max Kamachee","Seongheon Park","Yixuan Li"],"abstract":"To mitigate the impact of hallucination nature of LLMs, many studies propose detecting hallucinated generation through uncertainty estimation. However, these approaches predominantly operate at the sentence or paragraph level, failing to pinpoint specific spans or entities responsible for hallucinated content. This lack of granularity is especially problematic for long-form outputs that mix accurate and fabricated information. To address this limitation, we explore entity-level hallucination detection. We propose a new data set, HalluEntity, which annotates hallucination at the entity level. Based on the dataset, we comprehensively evaluate uncertainty-based hallucination detection approaches across 17 modern LLMs. Our experimental results show that uncertainty estimation approaches focusing on individual token probabilities tend to over-predict hallucinations, while context-aware methods show better but still suboptimal performance. Through an in-depth qualitative study, we identify relationships between hallucination tendencies and linguistic properties and highlight important directions for future research. HalluEntity: https://huggingface.co/datasets/samuelyeh/HalluEntity","doi":"","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/aefb721d31ee3b7ddaffca3a0e7dce5dd438a631","result_position":6,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":278394690,"title":"Benchmarking LLM Faithfulness in RAG with Evolving Leaderboards","venue":"Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","year":2025,"authors":["M. Tamber","F. Bao","Chenyu Xu","Ge Luo","Suleman Kazi","Minseok Bae","Miaoran Li","O. Mendelevitch","Renyi Qu","Jimmy Lin"],"abstract":"Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) aims to reduce hallucinations by grounding responses in external context, yet large language models (LLMs) still frequently introduce unsupported information or contradictions even when provided with relevant context. This paper presents two complementary efforts at Vectara to measure and benchmark LLM faithfulness in RAG. First, we describe our original hallucination leaderboard, which has tracked hallucination rates for LLMs since 2023 using our HHEM hallucination detection model. Motivated by limitations observed in current hallucination detection methods, we introduce FaithJudge, an LLM-as-a-judge framework that leverages a pool of diverse human-annotated hallucination examples to substantially improve the automated hallucination evaluation of LLMs. We introduce an enhanced hallucination leaderboard centered on FaithJudge that benchmarks LLMs on RAG faithfulness in summarization, question-answering, and data-to-text generation tasks. FaithJudge enables a more reliable benchmarking of LLM hallucinations in RAG and supports the development of more trustworthy generative AI systems: https://github.com/vectara/FaithJudge.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2505.04847","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5d6ea8c124549450394d016a1e95f603b74fc198","result_position":7,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":273482607,"title":"Good Parenting is all you need - Multi-agentic LLM Hallucination Mitigation","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2024,"authors":["Ted Kwartler","M. Berman","Alan Aqrawi"],"abstract":"This study explores the ability of Large Language Model (LLM) agents to detect and correct hallucinations in AI-generated content. A primary agent was tasked with creating a blog about a fictional Danish artist named Flipfloppidy, which was then reviewed by another agent for factual inaccuracies. Most LLMs hallucinated the existence of this artist. Across 4,900 test runs involving various combinations of primary and reviewing agents, advanced AI models such as Llama3-70b and GPT-4 variants demonstrated near-perfect accuracy in identifying hallucinations and successfully revised outputs in 85% to 100% of cases following feedback. These findings underscore the potential of advanced AI models to significantly enhance the accuracy and reliability of generated content, providing a promising approach to improving AI workflow orchestration.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2410.14262","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/42c3b85fa9c0eac94a591bd1ec0dcb87feaaff85","result_position":8,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":278129636,"title":"Evaluating Evaluation Metrics - The Mirage of Hallucination Detection","venue":"Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","year":2025,"authors":["Atharva Kulkarni","Yuan Zhang","Joel Ruben Antony Moniz","Xiou Ge","Bo-Hsiang Tseng","Dhivya Piraviperumal","Swabha Swayamdipta","Hong Yu"],"abstract":"Hallucinations pose a significant obstacle to the reliability and widespread adoption of language models, yet their accurate measurement remains a persistent challenge. While many task- and domain-specific metrics have been proposed to assess faithfulness and factuality concerns, the robustness and generalization of these metrics are still untested. In this paper, we conduct a large-scale empirical evaluation of 6 diverse sets of hallucination detection metrics across 4 datasets, 37 language models from 5 families, and 5 decoding methods. Our extensive investigation reveals concerning gaps in current hallucination evaluation: metrics often fail to align with human judgments, take an overtly myopic view of the problem, and show inconsistent gains with parameter scaling. Encouragingly, LLM-based evaluation, particularly with GPT-4, yields the best overall results, and mode-seeking decoding methods seem to reduce hallucinations, especially in knowledge-grounded settings. These findings underscore the need for more robust metrics to understand and quantify hallucinations, and better strategies to mitigate them.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2504.18114","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c87c2e6f5e984b06ef6845d3f2a1288db12ee9e0","result_position":9,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":277824697,"title":"SemEval-2025 Task 3: Mu-SHROOM, the Multilingual Shared Task on Hallucinations and Related Observable Overgeneration Mistakes","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Ra'ul V'azquez","Timothee Mickus","Elaine Zosa","Teemu Vahtola","Jörg Tiedemann","Aman Sinha","Vincent Segonne","Fernando S'anchez-Vega","Alessandro Raganato","Jindvrich Libovick'y","Jussi Karlgren","Shaoxiong Ji","Jindřich Helcl","Liane Guillou","Ona de Gibert","Jaione Bengoetxea","Joseph Attieh","Marianna Apidianaki"],"abstract":"We present the Mu-SHROOM shared task which is focused on detecting hallucinations and other overgeneration mistakes in the output of instruction-tuned large language models (LLMs). Mu-SHROOM addresses general-purpose LLMs in 14 languages, and frames the hallucination detection problem as a span-labeling task. We received 2,618 submissions from 43 participating teams employing diverse methodologies. The large number of submissions underscores the interest of the community in hallucination detection. We present the results of the participating systems and conduct an empirical analysis to identify key factors contributing to strong performance in this task. We also emphasize relevant current challenges, notably the varying degree of hallucinations across languages and the high annotator disagreement when labeling hallucination spans.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2504.11975","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a16a996713b1420cc19b3ca273714752a43a4969","result_position":10,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":273901413,"title":"Embedding and Gradient Say Wrong: A White-Box Method for Hallucination Detection","venue":"Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","year":2024,"authors":["Xiaomeng Hu","Yiming Zhang","Ru Peng","Haozhe Zhang","Chenwei Wu","Gang Chen","Junbo Zhao"],"abstract":"In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in the field of natural language generation. Compared to previous small-scale models, they are capable of generating fluent output based on the provided prefix or prompt. However, one critical challenge — the *hallucination* problem — remains to be resolved. Generally, the community refers to the undetected hallucination scenario where the LLMs generate text unrelated to the input text or facts. In this study, we intend to model the distributional distance between the regular conditional output and the unconditional output, which is generated without a given input text. Based upon Taylor Expansion for this distance at the output probability space, our approach manages to leverage the embedding and first-order gradient information. The resulting approach is plug-and-play that can be easily adapted to any autoregressive LLM. On the hallucination benchmarks HADES and other datasets, our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance.","doi":"10.18653/v1/2024.emnlp-main.116","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f2d3b00d22b174378451d55d81af2128a60902ac","result_position":11,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":269214313,"title":"A Survey of Automatic Hallucination Evaluation on Natural Language Generation","venue":"","year":2024,"authors":["Siya Qi","Yulan He","Zheng Yuan"],"abstract":"The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has brought a pressing challenge: how to reliably assess hallucinations to guarantee model trustworthiness. Although Automatic Hallucination Evaluation (AHE) has become an indispensable component of this effort, the field remains fragmented in its methodologies, limiting both conceptual clarity and practical progress. This survey addresses this critical gap through a systematic analysis of 105 evaluation methods, revealing that 77.1% specifically target LLMs, a paradigm shift that demands new evaluation frameworks. We formulate a structured framework to organize the field, based on a survey of foundational datasets and benchmarks and a taxonomy of evaluation methodologies, which together systematically document the evolution from pre-LLM to post-LLM approaches. Beyond taxonomical organization, we identify fundamental limitations in current approaches and their implications for real-world deployment. To guide future research, we delineate key challenges and propose strategic directions, including enhanced interpretability mechanisms and integration of application-specific evaluation criteria, ultimately providing a roadmap for developing more robust and practical hallucination evaluation systems.","doi":"","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1e347df2b6c2decce102147d0b84c1d271f2bcff","result_position":12,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":246652372,"title":"Survey of Hallucination in Natural Language Generation","venue":"ACM Computing Surveys","year":2022,"authors":["Ziwei Ji","Nayeon Lee","Rita Frieske","Tiezheng Yu","D. Su","Yan Xu","Etsuko Ishii","Yejin Bang","Delong Chen","Wenliang Dai","Andrea Madotto","Pascale Fung"],"abstract":"Natural Language Generation (NLG) has improved exponentially in recent years thanks to the development of sequence-to-sequence deep learning technologies such as Transformer-based language models. This advancement has led to more fluent and coherent NLG, leading to improved development in downstream tasks such as abstractive summarization, dialogue generation, and data-to-text generation. However, it is also apparent that deep learning based generation is prone to hallucinate unintended text, which degrades the system performance and fails to meet user expectations in many real-world scenarios. To address this issue, many studies have been presented in measuring and mitigating hallucinated texts, but these have never been reviewed in a comprehensive manner before. In this survey, we thus provide a broad overview of the research progress and challenges in the hallucination problem in NLG. The survey is organized into two parts: (1) a general overview of metrics, mitigation methods, and future directions, and (2) an overview of task-specific research progress on hallucinations in the following downstream tasks, namely abstractive summarization, dialogue generation, generative question answering, data-to-text generation, and machine translation. This survey serves to facilitate collaborative efforts among researchers in tackling the challenge of hallucinated texts in NLG.","doi":"10.1145/3571730","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3def68bd0f856886d34272840a7f81588f2bc082","result_position":13,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":265067168,"title":"A Survey on Hallucination in Large Language Models: Principles, Taxonomy, Challenges, and Open Questions","venue":"ACM Trans. Inf. Syst.","year":2023,"authors":["Lei Huang","Weijiang Yu","Weitao Ma","Weihong Zhong","Zhangyin Feng","Haotian Wang","Qianglong Chen","Weihua Peng","Xiaocheng Feng","Bing Qin","Ting Liu"],"abstract":"The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has marked a significant breakthrough in natural language processing (NLP), fueling a paradigm shift in information acquisition. Nevertheless, LLMs are prone to hallucination, generating plausible yet nonfactual content. This phenomenon raises significant concerns over the reliability of LLMs in real-world information retrieval (IR) systems and has attracted intensive research to detect and mitigate such hallucinations. Given the open-ended general-purpose attributes inherent to LLMs, LLM hallucinations present distinct challenges that diverge from prior task-specific models. This divergence highlights the urgency for a nuanced understanding and comprehensive overview of recent advances in LLM hallucinations. In this survey, we begin with an innovative taxonomy of hallucination in the era of LLM and then delve into the factors contributing to hallucinations. Subsequently, we present a thorough overview of hallucination detection methods and benchmarks. Our discussion then transfers to representative methodologies for mitigating LLM hallucinations. Additionally, we delve into the current limitations faced by retrieval-augmented LLMs in combating hallucinations, offering insights for developing more robust IR systems. Finally, we highlight the promising research directions on LLM hallucinations, including hallucination in large vision-language models and understanding of knowledge boundaries in LLM hallucinations.","doi":"10.1145/3703155","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1e909e2a8cdacdcdff125ebcc566f37cb869a1c8","result_position":14,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":266693591,"title":"RAGTruth: A Hallucination Corpus for Developing Trustworthy Retrieval-Augmented Language Models","venue":"Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","year":2023,"authors":["Yuanhao Wu","Juno Zhu","Siliang Xu","Kashun Shum","Cheng Niu","Randy Zhong","Juntong Song","Tong Zhang"],"abstract":"Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has become a main technique for alleviating hallucinations in large language models (LLMs). Despite the integration of RAG, LLMs may still present unsupported or contradictory claims to the retrieved contents. In order to develop effective hallucination prevention strategies under RAG, it is important to create benchmark datasets that can measure the extent of hallucination. This paper presents RAGTruth, a corpus tailored for analyzing word-level hallucinations in various domains and tasks within the standard RAG frameworks for LLM applications. RAGTruth comprises nearly 18,000 naturally generated responses from diverse LLMs using RAG. These responses have undergone meticulous manual annotations at both the individual cases and word levels, incorporating evaluations of hallucination intensity. We not only benchmark hallucination frequencies across different LLMs, but also critically assess the effectiveness of several existing hallucination detection methodologies. Furthermore, we show that using a high-quality dataset such as RAGTruth, it is possible to finetune a relatively small LLM and achieve a competitive level of performance in hallucination detection when compared to the existing prompt-based approaches using state-of-the-art large language models such as GPT-4.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2401.00396","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cfce709a65f90312d2bdc1a6cf0380c19becf694","result_position":15,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":258832847,"title":"HaluEval: A Large-Scale Hallucination Evaluation Benchmark for Large Language Models","venue":"Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","year":2023,"authors":["Junyi Li","Xiaoxue Cheng","Wayne Xin Zhao","J. Nie","Ji-rong Wen"],"abstract":"Large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, are prone to generate hallucinations, i.e., content that conflicts with the source or cannot be verified by the factual knowledge. To understand what types of content and to which extent LLMs are apt to hallucinate, we introduce the Hallucination Evaluation benchmark for Large Language Models (HaluEval), a large collection of generated and human-annotated hallucinated samples for evaluating the performance of LLMs in recognizing hallucination. To generate these samples, we propose a ChatGPT-based two-step framework, i.e., sampling-then-filtering. Besides, we also hire some human labelers to annotate the hallucinations in ChatGPT responses. The empirical results suggest that ChatGPT is likely to generate hallucinated content in specific topics by fabricating unverifiable information (i.e., about $19.5\\%$ responses). Moreover, existing LLMs face great challenges in recognizing the hallucinations in texts. However, our experiments also prove that providing external knowledge or adding reasoning steps can help LLMs recognize hallucinations. Our benchmark can be accessed at https://github.com/RUCAIBox/HaluEval.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2305.11747","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e0384ba36555232c587d4a80d527895a095a9001","result_position":16,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":233296648,"title":"A Token-level Reference-free Hallucination Detection Benchmark for Free-form Text Generation","venue":"Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","year":2021,"authors":["Tianyu Liu","Yizhe Zhang","C. Brockett","Yi Mao","Zhifang Sui","Weizhu Chen","W. Dolan"],"abstract":"Large pretrained generative models like GPT-3 often suffer from hallucinating non-existent or incorrect content, which undermines their potential merits in real applications. Existing work usually attempts to detect these hallucinations based on a corresponding oracle reference at a sentence or document level. However ground-truth references may not be readily available for many free-form text generation applications, and sentence- or document-level detection may fail to provide the fine-grained signals that would prevent fallacious content in real time. As a first step to addressing these issues, we propose a novel token-level, reference-free hallucination detection task and an associated annotated dataset named HaDeS (HAllucination DEtection dataSet). To create this dataset, we first perturb a large number of text segments extracted from English language Wikipedia, and then verify these with crowd-sourced annotations. To mitigate label imbalance during annotation, we utilize an iterative model-in-loop strategy. We conduct comprehensive data analyses and create multiple baseline models.","doi":"10.18653/v1/2022.acl-long.464","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c6bf48f25e0a65d64d658b47326de5922ea7dd44","result_position":17,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":278739937,"title":"Learning Auxiliary Tasks Improves Reference-Free Hallucination Detection in Open-Domain Long-Form Generation","venue":"Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","year":2025,"authors":["Chengwei Qin","Wenxuan Zhou","Karthik Abinav Sankararaman","Nanshu Wang","Tengyu Xu","Alexander Radovic","Eryk Helenowski","Arya Talebzadeh","Aditya Tayade","Si-Yuan Wang","Shafiq R. Joty","Han Fang","Hao Ma"],"abstract":"Hallucination, the generation of factually incorrect information, remains a significant challenge for large language models (LLMs), especially in open-domain long-form generation. Existing approaches for detecting hallucination in long-form tasks either focus on limited domains or rely heavily on external fact-checking tools, which may not always be available. In this work, we systematically investigate reference-free hallucination detection in open-domain long-form responses. Our findings reveal that internal states (e.g., model's output probability and entropy) alone are insufficient for reliably (i.e., better than random guessing) distinguishing between factual and hallucinated content. To enhance detection, we explore various existing approaches, including prompting-based methods, probing, and fine-tuning, with fine-tuning proving the most effective. To further improve the accuracy, we introduce a new paradigm, named RATE-FT, that augments fine-tuning with an auxiliary task for the model to jointly learn with the main task of hallucination detection. With extensive experiments and analysis using a variety of model families&datasets, we demonstrate the effectiveness and generalizability of our method, e.g., +3% over general fine-tuning methods on LongFact.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2505.12265","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ac8c5d081eacc412cd39daa7e22b0378c1436e45","result_position":18,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":271039806,"title":"ANAH-v2: Scaling Analytical Hallucination Annotation of Large Language Models","venue":"Neural Information Processing Systems","year":2024,"authors":["Yuzhe Gu","Ziwei Ji","Wenwei Zhang","Chengqi Lyu","Dahua Lin","Kai Chen"],"abstract":"Large language models (LLMs) exhibit hallucinations in long-form question-answering tasks across various domains and wide applications. Current hallucination detection and mitigation datasets are limited in domains and sizes, which struggle to scale due to prohibitive labor costs and insufficient reliability of existing hallucination annotators. To facilitate the scalable oversight of LLM hallucinations, this paper introduces an iterative self-training framework that simultaneously and progressively scales up the hallucination annotation dataset and improves the accuracy of the hallucination annotator. Based on the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm, in each iteration, the framework first applies a hallucination annotation pipeline to annotate a scaled dataset and then trains a more accurate hallucination annotator on the dataset. This new hallucination annotator is adopted in the hallucination annotation pipeline used for the next iteration. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the finally obtained hallucination annotator with only 7B parameters surpasses the performance of GPT-4 and obtains new state-of-the-art hallucination detection results on HaluEval and HalluQA by zero-shot inference. Such an annotator can not only evaluate the hallucination levels of various LLMs on the large-scale dataset but also help to mitigate the hallucination of LLMs generations, with the Natural Language Inference (NLI) metric increasing from 25% to 37% on HaluEval.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2407.04693","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/682ff66a5ec0248f7e4a17a684b2d1e328e57f70","result_position":19,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":278165123,"title":"Towards Long Context Hallucination Detection","venue":"North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics","year":2025,"authors":["Siyi Liu","Kishaloy Halder","Zheng Qi","Wei Xiao","Nikolaos Pappas","Phu Mon Htut","Neha Ann John","Yassine Benajiba","Dan Roth"],"abstract":"Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various tasks. However, they are prone to contextual hallucination, generating information that is either unsubstantiated or contradictory to the given context. Although many studies have investigated contextual hallucinations in LLMs, addressing them in long-context inputs remains an open problem. In this work, we take an initial step toward solving this problem by constructing a dataset specifically designed for long-context hallucination detection. Furthermore, we propose a novel architecture that enables pre-trained encoder models, such as BERT, to process long contexts and effectively detect contextual hallucinations through a decomposition and aggregation mechanism. Our experimental results show that the proposed architecture significantly outperforms previous models of similar size as well as LLM-based models across various metrics, while providing substantially faster inference.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2504.19457","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1704e693d2e26805025bc5d4fbc8c504fb317527","result_position":20,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":272367376,"title":"Pre-Training Multimodal Hallucination Detectors with Corrupted Grounding Data","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2024,"authors":["Spencer Whitehead","Jacob Phillips","Sean M. Hendryx"],"abstract":"Multimodal language models can exhibit hallucinations in their outputs, which limits their reliability. The ability to automatically detect these errors is important for mitigating them, but has been less explored and existing efforts do not localize hallucinations, instead framing this as a classification task. In this work, we first pose multimodal hallucination detection as a sequence labeling task where models must localize hallucinated text spans and present a strong baseline model. Given the high cost of human annotations for this task, we propose an approach to improve the sample efficiency of these models by creating corrupted grounding data, which we use for pre-training. Leveraging phrase grounding data, we generate hallucinations to replace grounded spans and create hallucinated text. Experiments show that pre-training on this data improves sample efficiency when fine-tuning, and that the learning signal from the grounding data plays an important role in these improvements.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2409.00238","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fcf6e60be62332fd7b16046f8c6562a54c708417","result_position":21,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":277780608,"title":"HalluSearch at SemEval-2025 Task 3: A Search-Enhanced RAG Pipeline for Hallucination Detection","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Mohamed A. Abdallah","S. El-Beltagy"],"abstract":"In this paper, we present HalluSearch, a multilingual pipeline designed to detect fabricated text spans in Large Language Model (LLM) outputs. Developed as part of Mu-SHROOM, the Multilingual Shared-task on Hallucinations and Related Observable Overgeneration Mistakes, HalluSearch couples retrieval-augmented verification with fine-grained factual splitting to identify and localize hallucinations in fourteen different languages. Empirical evaluations show that HalluSearch performs competitively, placing fourth in both English (within the top ten percent) and Czech. While the system's retrieval-based strategy generally proves robust, it faces challenges in languages with limited online coverage, underscoring the need for further research to ensure consistent hallucination detection across diverse linguistic contexts.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2504.10168","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f7b627089e330eabb984e4706ff80a03615f24c5","result_position":22,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":279244414,"title":"CLATTER: Comprehensive Entailment Reasoning for Hallucination Detection","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Ron Eliav","Arie Cattan","Eran Hirsch","Shahaf Bassan","Elias Stengel-Eskin","Mohit Bansal","Ido Dagan"],"abstract":"A common approach to hallucination detection casts it as a natural language inference (NLI) task, often using LLMs to classify whether the generated text is entailed by corresponding reference texts. Since entailment classification is a complex reasoning task, one would expect that LLMs could benefit from generating an explicit reasoning process, as in CoT reasoning or the explicit ``thinking'' of recent reasoning models. In this work, we propose that guiding such models to perform a systematic and comprehensive reasoning process -- one that both decomposes the text into smaller facts and also finds evidence in the source for each fact -- allows models to execute much finer-grained and accurate entailment decisions, leading to increased performance. To that end, we define a 3-step reasoning process, consisting of (i) claim decomposition, (ii) sub-claim attribution and entailment classification, and (iii) aggregated classification, showing that such guided reasoning indeed yields improved hallucination detection. Following this reasoning framework, we introduce an analysis scheme, consisting of several metrics that measure the quality of the intermediate reasoning steps, which provided additional empirical evidence for the improved quality of our guided reasoning scheme.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2506.05243","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/009d080fefdfa4b36c11e2a5871cbb478d23b1dc","result_position":23,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":278741141,"title":"Detection and Mitigation of Hallucination in Large Reasoning Models: A Mechanistic Perspective","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["ZhongXiang Sun","Qipeng Wang","Haoyu Wang","Xiao Zhang","Jun Xu"],"abstract":"Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have shown impressive capabilities in multi-step reasoning tasks. However, alongside these successes, a more deceptive form of model error has emerged--Reasoning Hallucination--where logically coherent but factually incorrect reasoning traces lead to persuasive yet faulty conclusions. Unlike traditional hallucinations, these errors are embedded within structured reasoning, making them more difficult to detect and potentially more harmful. In this work, we investigate reasoning hallucinations from a mechanistic perspective. We propose the Reasoning Score, which quantifies the depth of reasoning by measuring the divergence between logits obtained from projecting late layers of LRMs to the vocabulary space, effectively distinguishing shallow pattern-matching from genuine deep reasoning. Using this score, we conduct an in-depth analysis on the ReTruthQA dataset and identify two key reasoning hallucination patterns: early-stage fluctuation in reasoning depth and incorrect backtracking to flawed prior steps. These insights motivate our Reasoning Hallucination Detection (RHD) framework, which achieves state-of-the-art performance across multiple domains. To mitigate reasoning hallucinations, we further introduce GRPO-R, an enhanced reinforcement learning algorithm that incorporates step-level deep reasoning rewards via potential-based shaping. Our theoretical analysis establishes stronger generalization guarantees, and experiments demonstrate improved reasoning quality and reduced hallucination rates.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2505.12886","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8741e9dfaa896ed02b2b58328fb36f94422994cf","result_position":24,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":270766137,"title":"Halu-NLP at SemEval-2024 Task 6: MetaCheckGPT - A Multi-task Hallucination Detection using LLM uncertainty and meta-models","venue":"International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation","year":2024,"authors":["Rahul Mehta","Andrew Hoblitzell","Jack O’keefe","Hyeju Jang","Vasudeva Varma"],"abstract":"Hallucinations in large language models(LLMs) have recently become a significantproblem. A recent effort in this directionis a shared task at Semeval 2024 Task 6,SHROOM, a Shared-task on Hallucinationsand Related Observable Overgeneration Mis-takes. This paper describes our winning so-lution ranked 1st and 2nd in the 2 sub-tasksof model agnostic and model aware tracks re-spectively. We propose a meta-regressor basedensemble of LLMs based on a random forestalgorithm that achieves the highest scores onthe leader board. We also experiment with var-ious transformer based models and black boxmethods like ChatGPT, Vectara, and others. Inaddition, we perform an error analysis com-paring ChatGPT against our best model whichshows the limitations of the former","doi":"10.18653/v1/2024.semeval-1.52","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e1b8153ceab396d5fa8ab32e9b9d5402e5316932","result_position":25,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":277741414,"title":"MedHal: An Evaluation Dataset for Medical Hallucination Detection","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Gaya Mehenni","Amal Zouaq"],"abstract":"We present MedHal, a novel large-scale dataset specifically designed to evaluate if models can detect hallucinations in medical texts. Current hallucination detection methods face significant limitations when applied to specialized domains like medicine, where they can have disastrous consequences. Existing medical datasets are either too small, containing only a few hundred samples, or focus on a single task like Question Answering or Natural Language Inference. MedHal addresses these gaps by: (1) incorporating diverse medical text sources and tasks; (2) providing a substantial volume of annotated samples suitable for training medical hallucination detection models; and (3) including explanations for factual inconsistencies to guide model learning. We demonstrate MedHal's utility by training and evaluating a baseline medical hallucination detection model, showing improvements over general-purpose hallucination detection approaches. This resource enables more efficient evaluation of medical text generation systems while reducing reliance on costly expert review, potentially accelerating the development of medical AI research.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2504.08596","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5ad85171320ae685735c88aeeab7d782a927521e","result_position":26,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":268733092,"title":"FACTOID: FACtual enTailment fOr hallucInation Detection","venue":"Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Trustworthy NLP (TrustNLP 2025)","year":2024,"authors":["Vipula Rawte","S. M. Towhidul","Islam Tonmoy","Krishnav Rajbangshi","Shravani Nag","Aman Chadha","Amit P. Sheth","Amitava Das","Joe Biden"],"abstract":"The widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) has facilitated numerous benefits. However, hallucination is a significant concern. In response, Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a highly promising paradigm to improve LLM outputs by grounding them in factual information. RAG relies on textual entailment (TE) or similar methods to check if the text produced by LLMs is supported or contradicted, compared to retrieved documents. This paper argues that conventional TE methods are inadequate for spotting hallucinations in content generated by LLMs. For instance, consider a prompt about the 'USA's stance on the Ukraine war''. The AI-generated text states, ...U.S. President Barack Obama says the U.S. will not put troops in Ukraine...'' However, during the war the U.S. president is Joe Biden which contradicts factual reality. Moreover, current TE systems are unable to accurately annotate the given text and identify the exact portion that is contradicted. To address this, we introduces a new type of TE called ``Factual Entailment (FE).'', aims to detect factual inaccuracies in content generated by LLMs while also highlighting the specific text segment that contradicts reality. We present FACTOID (FACTual enTAILment for hallucInation Detection), a benchmark dataset for FE. We propose a multi-task learning (MTL) framework for FE, incorporating state-of-the-art (SoTA) long text embeddings such as e5-mistral-7b-instruct, along with GPT-3, SpanBERT, and RoFormer. The proposed MTL architecture for FE achieves an avg. 40\\% improvement in accuracy on the FACTOID benchmark compared to SoTA TE methods. As FE automatically detects hallucinations, we assessed 15 modern LLMs and ranked them using our proposed Auto Hallucination Vulnerability Index (HVI_auto). This index quantifies and offers a comparative scale to evaluate and rank LLMs according to their hallucinations.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2403.19113","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b1e3eaa8d51d53037d01ebb7805d882e5e7860b1","result_position":27,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":265351856,"title":"Enhancing Uncertainty-Based Hallucination Detection with Stronger Focus","venue":"Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","year":2023,"authors":["Tianhang Zhang","Lin Qiu","Qipeng Guo","Cheng Deng","Yue Zhang","Zheng Zhang","Cheng Zhou","Xinbing Wang","Luoyi Fu"],"abstract":"Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained significant popularity for their impressive performance across diverse fields. However, LLMs are prone to hallucinate untruthful or nonsensical outputs that fail to meet user expectations in many real-world applications. Existing works for detecting hallucinations in LLMs either rely on external knowledge for reference retrieval or require sampling multiple responses from the LLM for consistency verification, making these methods costly and inefficient. In this paper, we propose a novel reference-free, uncertainty-based method for detecting hallucinations in LLMs. Our approach imitates human focus in factuality checking from three aspects: 1) focus on the most informative and important keywords in the given text; 2) focus on the unreliable tokens in historical context which may lead to a cascade of hallucinations; and 3) focus on the token properties such as token type and token frequency. Experimental results on relevant datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method, which achieves state-of-the-art performance across all the evaluation metrics and eliminates the need for additional information.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2311.13230","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2fae69cea48d332c5788537a0b5e9e76c10e3baf","result_position":28,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":267412532,"title":"Unified Hallucination Detection for Multimodal Large Language Models","venue":"Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","year":2024,"authors":["Xiang Chen","Chenxi Wang","Yida Xue","Ningyu Zhang","Xiaoyan Yang","Qiang Li","Yue Shen","Lei Liang","Jinjie Gu","Huajun Chen"],"abstract":"Despite significant strides in multimodal tasks, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are plagued by the critical issue of hallucination. The reliable detection of such hallucinations in MLLMs has, therefore, become a vital aspect of model evaluation and the safeguarding of practical application deployment. Prior research in this domain has been constrained by a narrow focus on singular tasks, an inadequate range of hallucination categories addressed, and a lack of detailed granularity. In response to these challenges, our work expands the investigative horizons of hallucination detection. We present a novel meta-evaluation benchmark, MHaluBench, meticulously crafted to facilitate the evaluation of advancements in hallucination detection methods. Additionally, we unveil a novel unified multimodal hallucination detection framework, UNIHD, which leverages a suite of auxiliary tools to validate the occurrence of hallucinations robustly. We demonstrate the effectiveness of UNIHD through meticulous evaluation and comprehensive analysis. We also provide strategic insights on the application of specific tools for addressing various categories of hallucinations.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2402.03190","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/19e909f88b8b9b0635bd6e441094e1738c3bba9a","result_position":29,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":279319058,"title":"HalLoc: Token-level Localization of Hallucinations for Vision Language Models","venue":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","year":2025,"authors":["Eunkyu Park","Minyeong Kim","Gunhee Kim"],"abstract":"Hallucinations pose a significant challenge to the reliability of large vision-language models, making their detection essential for ensuring accuracy in critical applications. Current detection methods often rely on computationally intensive models, leading to high latency and resource demands. Their definitive outcomes also fail to account for real-world scenarios where the line between hallucinated and truthful information is unclear. To address these issues, we propose HalLoc, a dataset designed for efficient, probabilistic hallucination detection. It features 150K token-level annotated samples, including hallucination types, across Visual Question Answering (VQA), instruction-following, and image captioning tasks. This dataset facilitates the development of models that detect hallucinations with graded confidence, enabling more informed user interactions. Additionally, we introduce a baseline model trained on HalLoc, offering low-overhead, concurrent hallucination detection during generation. The model can be seamlessly integrated into existing VLMs, improving reliability while preserving efficiency. The prospect of a robust plug-and-play hallucination detection module opens new avenues for enhancing the trustworthiness of vision-language models in real-world applications. The HalLoc dataset and code are publicly available at: https://github.com/dbsltm/cvpr25_halloc.","doi":"10.1109/CVPR52734.2025.02782","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a5a4bf1f4243fe43d7b9b59f5b962b90f30ee090","result_position":30,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":267740651,"title":"Comparing Hallucination Detection Metrics for Multilingual Generation","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2024,"authors":["Haoqiang Kang","Terra Blevins","Luke S. Zettlemoyer"],"abstract":"While many hallucination detection techniques have been evaluated on English text, their effectiveness in multilingual contexts remains unknown. This paper assesses how well various factual hallucination detection metrics (lexical metrics like ROUGE and Named Entity Overlap, and Natural Language Inference (NLI)-based metrics) identify hallucinations in generated biographical summaries across languages. We compare how well automatic metrics correlate to each other and whether they agree with human judgments of factuality. Our analysis reveals that while the lexical metrics are ineffective, NLI-based metrics perform well, correlating with human annotations in many settings and often outperforming supervised models. However, NLI metrics are still limited, as they do not detect single-fact hallucinations well and fail for lower-resource languages. Therefore, our findings highlight the gaps in exisiting hallucination detection methods for non-English languages and motivate future research to develop more robust multilingual detection methods for LLM hallucinations.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2402.10496","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4bb30cdd7216d0bde3f937489ec04b161b44977c","result_position":31,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":277271785,"title":"ShED-HD: A Shannon Entropy Distribution Framework for Lightweight Hallucination Detection on Edge Devices","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Aneesh Vathul","Daniel Lee","Sheryl Chen","Arthi Tasmia"],"abstract":"Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities on a broad array of NLP tasks, but their tendency to produce hallucinations$\\unicode{x2013}$plausible-sounding but factually incorrect content$\\unicode{x2013}$poses severe challenges in high-stakes domains. Existing hallucination detection methods either bear the computational cost of multiple inference passes or sacrifice accuracy for efficiency with single-pass approaches, neither of which is ideal in resource-constrained environments such as edge devices. We propose the Shannon Entropy Distribution Hallucination Detector (ShED-HD), a novel hallucination detection framework that bridges this gap by classifying sequence-level entropy patterns using a lightweight BiLSTM architecture with single-headed attention. In contrast to prior approaches, ShED-HD efficiently detects distinctive uncertainty patterns across entire output sequences, preserving contextual awareness. Through in-depth evaluation on three datasets (BioASQ, TriviaQA, and Jeopardy Questions), we show that ShED-HD significantly outperforms other computationally efficient approaches in the out-of-distribution setting, while achieving comparable performance in the in-distribution setting. ShED-HD facilitates hallucination detection that is low-cost, accurate, and generalizable, improving the credibility of content generated by LLMs in resource-constrained environments where trustworthy AI functionality is crucial.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2503.18242","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d7b1c949e923341a9ef9d908e73b84b60a3df94d","result_position":32,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":280045856,"title":"A Survey of Multimodal Hallucination Evaluation and Detection","venue":"International Journal of Computer Vision","year":2025,"authors":["Zhiyuan Chen","Yuecong Min","Jie Zhang","Bei Yan","Jiahao Wang","Xiaozhen Wang","Shiguang Shan"],"abstract":"Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have emerged as a powerful paradigm for integrating visual and textual information, supporting a wide range of multi-modal tasks. However, these models often suffer from hallucination, producing content that appears plausible but contradicts the input content or established world knowledge. This survey offers an in-depth review of hallucination evaluation benchmarks and detection methods across Image-to-Text (I2T) and Text-to-image (T2I) generation tasks. Specifically, we first propose a taxonomy of hallucination based on faithfulness and factuality, incorporating the common types of hallucinations observed in practice. Then we provide an overview of existing hallucination evaluation benchmarks for both T2I and I2T tasks, highlighting their construction process, evaluation objectives, and employed metrics. Furthermore, we summarize recent advances in hallucination detection methods, which aims to identify hallucinated content at the instance level and serve as a practical complement of benchmark-based evaluation. Finally, we highlight key limitations in current benchmarks and detection methods, and outline potential directions for future research.","doi":"10.1007/s11263-026-02756-9","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fdc092d0bddb1a99a80a37be878f183096ad236b","result_position":33,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":251468136,"title":"Looking for a Needle in a Haystack: A Comprehensive Study of Hallucinations in Neural Machine Translation","venue":"Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics","year":2022,"authors":["Nuno M. Guerreiro","Elena Voita","André F. T. Martins"],"abstract":"Although the problem of hallucinations in neural machine translation (NMT) has received some attention, research on this highly pathological phenomenon lacks solid ground. Previous work has been limited in several ways: it often resorts to artificial settings where the problem is amplified, it disregards some (common) types of hallucinations, and it does not validate adequacy of detection heuristics. In this paper, we set foundations for the study of NMT hallucinations. First, we work in a natural setting, i.e., in-domain data without artificial noise neither in training nor in inference. Next, we annotate a dataset of over 3.4k sentences indicating different kinds of critical errors and hallucinations. Then, we turn to detection methods and both revisit methods used previously and propose using glass-box uncertainty-based detectors. Overall, we show that for preventive settings, (i) previously used methods are largely inadequate, (ii) sequence log-probability works best and performs on par with reference-based methods. Finally, we propose DeHallucinator, a simple method for alleviating hallucinations at test time that significantly reduces the hallucinatory rate.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2208.05309","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/193fc3bc9f200ccb28892c02979e6c2068a85138","result_position":34,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":276107224,"title":"SelfCheck-Eval: A Multi-Module Framework for Zero-Resource Hallucination Detection in Large Language Models","venue":"","year":2025,"authors":["Diyana Muhammed","G. Tuccari","Gollam Rabby","Soren Auer","S. Vahdati"],"abstract":"Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse applications, from open-domain question answering to scientific writing, medical decision support, and legal analysis. However, their tendency to generate incorrect or fabricated content, commonly known as hallucinations, represents a critical barrier to reliable deployment in high-stakes domains. Current hallucination detection benchmarks are limited in scope, focusing primarily on general-knowledge domains while neglecting specialised fields where accuracy is paramount. To address this gap, we introduce the AIME Math Hallucination dataset, the first comprehensive benchmark specifically designed for evaluating mathematical reasoning hallucinations. Additionally, we propose SelfCheck-Eval, a LLM-agnostic, black-box hallucination detection framework applicable to both open and closed-source LLMs. Our approach leverages a novel multi-module architecture that integrates three independent detection strategies: the Semantic module, the Specialised Detection module, and the Contextual Consistency module. Our evaluation reveals systematic performance disparities across domains: existing methods perform well on biographical content but struggle significantly with mathematical reasoning, a challenge that persists across NLI fine-tuning, preference learning, and process supervision approaches. These findings highlight the fundamental limitations of current detection methods in mathematical domains and underscore the critical need for specialised, black-box compatible approaches to ensure reliable LLM deployment.","doi":"","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/082a16df27d4ead545767544a29279864aa08f7b","result_position":35,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":280151005,"title":"Loki's Dance of Illusions: A Comprehensive Survey of Hallucination in Large Language Models","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Chaozhuo Li","Pengbo Wang","Chenxu Wang","Litian Zhang","Zheng Liu","Qiwei Ye","Yuan Xu","Feiran Huang","Xi Zhang","Philip S. Yu"],"abstract":"Edgar Allan Poe noted,\"Truth often lurks in the shadow of error,\"highlighting the deep complexity intrinsic to the interplay between truth and falsehood, notably under conditions of cognitive and informational asymmetry. This dynamic is strikingly evident in large language models (LLMs). Despite their impressive linguistic generation capabilities, LLMs sometimes produce information that appears factually accurate but is, in reality, fabricated, an issue often referred to as'hallucinations'. The prevalence of these hallucinations can mislead users, affecting their judgments and decisions. In sectors such as finance, law, and healthcare, such misinformation risks causing substantial economic losses, legal disputes, and health risks, with wide-ranging consequences.In our research, we have methodically categorized, analyzed the causes, detection methods, and solutions related to LLM hallucinations. Our efforts have particularly focused on understanding the roots of hallucinations and evaluating the efficacy of current strategies in revealing the underlying logic, thereby paving the way for the development of innovative and potent approaches. By examining why certain measures are effective against hallucinations, our study aims to foster a comprehensive approach to tackling this issue within the domain of LLMs.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2507.02870","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4d608203639087e0fe3c5d2b7a374941dd182cb7","result_position":36,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":270258419,"title":"Towards Detecting LLMs Hallucination via Markov Chain-based Multi-agent Debate Framework","venue":"IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing","year":2024,"authors":["Xiaoxi Sun","Jinpeng Li","Yan Zhong","Dongyan Zhao","Rui Yan"],"abstract":"The advent of large language models has facilitated the development of natural language text generation. It also poses unprecedented challenges, with content hallucination emerging as a significant concern. Existing solutions often involve expensive and complex interventions during the training process. Moreover, some approaches emphasize problem disassembly while neglecting the crucial validation process, leading to performance degradation or limited applications. To overcome these limitations, we propose a Markov Chain-based multi-agent debate verification framework to enhance hallucination detection accuracy in concise claims. Our method integrates the fact-checking process, including claim detection, evidence retrieval, and multi-agent verification. In the verification stage, we deploy multiple agents through flexible Markov Chain-based debates to validate individual claims, ensuring meticulous verification outcomes. Experimental results across three generative tasks demonstrate that our approach achieves significant improvements over baselines.","doi":"10.1109/ICASSP49660.2025.10889448","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f581c47aee79a4621295fe6132c0e5e240720698","result_position":37,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":266725532,"title":"A Comprehensive Survey of Hallucination Mitigation Techniques in Large Language Models","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2024,"authors":["S. Tonmoy","S. Zaman","Vinija Jain","Anku Rani","Vipula Rawte","Aman Chadha","Amitava Das"],"abstract":"As Large Language Models (LLMs) continue to advance in their ability to write human-like text, a key challenge remains around their tendency to hallucinate generating content that appears factual but is ungrounded. This issue of hallucination is arguably the biggest hindrance to safely deploying these powerful LLMs into real-world production systems that impact people's lives. The journey toward widespread adoption of LLMs in practical settings heavily relies on addressing and mitigating hallucinations. Unlike traditional AI systems focused on limited tasks, LLMs have been exposed to vast amounts of online text data during training. While this allows them to display impressive language fluency, it also means they are capable of extrapolating information from the biases in training data, misinterpreting ambiguous prompts, or modifying the information to align superficially with the input. This becomes hugely alarming when we rely on language generation capabilities for sensitive applications, such as summarizing medical records, financial analysis reports, etc. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of over 32 techniques developed to mitigate hallucination in LLMs. Notable among these are Retrieval Augmented Generation (Lewis et al, 2021), Knowledge Retrieval (Varshney et al,2023), CoNLI (Lei et al, 2023), and CoVe (Dhuliawala et al, 2023). Furthermore, we introduce a detailed taxonomy categorizing these methods based on various parameters, such as dataset utilization, common tasks, feedback mechanisms, and retriever types. This classification helps distinguish the diverse approaches specifically designed to tackle hallucination issues in LLMs. Additionally, we analyze the challenges and limitations inherent in these techniques, providing a solid foundation for future research in addressing hallucinations and related phenomena within the realm of LLMs.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2401.01313","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5272acad9e4201e93dabe3fd99bd7ead9b1a544d","result_position":38,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":269004894,"title":"SLPL SHROOM at SemEval2024 Task 06 : A comprehensive study on models ability to detect hallucination","venue":"International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation","year":2024,"authors":["Pouya Fallah","S. Gooran","Mohammad Jafarinasab","Pouya Sadeghi","Reza Farnia","Amirreza Tarabkhah","Zainab Sadat Taghavi","Hossein Sameti"],"abstract":"Language models, particularly generative models, are susceptible to hallucinations, generating outputs that contradict factual knowledgeor the source text. This study explores methodsfor detecting hallucinations in three SemEval2024 Task 6 tasks: Machine Translation, Definition Modeling, and Paraphrase Generation.We evaluate two methods: semantic similaritybetween the generated text and factual references, and an ensemble of language modelsthat judge each other’s outputs. Our resultsshow that semantic similarity achieves moderate accuracy and correlation scores in trial data,while the ensemble method offers insights intothe complexities of hallucination detection butfalls short of expectations. This work highlights the challenges of hallucination detectionand underscores the need for further researchin this critical area.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2404.04845","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/54b72835912c46b7a5afce4d156f1dadf085b551","result_position":39,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":279465495,"title":"Chain-of-Thought Prompting Obscures Hallucination Cues in Large Language Models: An Empirical Evaluation","venue":"Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","year":2025,"authors":["Jiahao Cheng","Tiancheng Su","Jia Yuan","Guoxiu He","Jiawei Liu","Xinqi Tao","Jingwen Xie","Huaxia Li"],"abstract":"Large Language Models (LLMs) often exhibit \\textit{hallucinations}, generating factually incorrect or semantically irrelevant content in response to prompts. Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting can mitigate hallucinations by encouraging step-by-step reasoning, but its impact on hallucination detection remains underexplored. To bridge this gap, we conduct a systematic empirical evaluation. We begin with a pilot experiment, revealing that CoT reasoning significantly affects the LLM's internal states and token probability distributions. Building on this, we evaluate the impact of various CoT prompting methods on mainstream hallucination detection methods across both instruction-tuned and reasoning-oriented LLMs. Specifically, we examine three key dimensions: changes in hallucination score distributions, variations in detection accuracy, and shifts in detection confidence. Our findings show that while CoT prompting helps reduce hallucination frequency, it also tends to obscure critical signals used for detection, impairing the effectiveness of various detection methods. Our study highlights an overlooked trade-off in the use of reasoning. Code is publicly available at: https://github.com/ECNU-Text-Computing/cot-hallu-detect .","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2506.17088","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/163ce5ee3ee159c1e2e5c39d64f36ca7f9a528ea","result_position":40,"is_clicked":false}],"string":"[\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 274965189,\n \"title\": \"Toward Robust Hyper-Detailed Image Captioning: A Multiagent Approach and Dual Evaluation Metrics for Factuality and Coverage\",\n \"venue\": \"International Conference on Machine Learning\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Saehyung Lee\",\n \"Seunghyun Yoon\",\n \"Trung Bui\",\n \"Jing Shi\",\n \"Sungroh Yoon\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) excel at generating highly detailed captions but often produce hallucinations. Our analysis reveals that existing hallucination detection methods struggle with detailed captions. We attribute this to the increasing reliance of MLLMs on their generated text, rather than the input image, as the sequence length grows. To address this issue, we propose a multiagent approach that leverages LLM-MLLM collaboration to correct given captions. Additionally, we introduce an evaluation framework and a benchmark dataset to facilitate the systematic analysis of detailed captions. Our experiments demonstrate that our proposed evaluation method better aligns with human judgments of factuality than existing metrics and that existing approaches to improve the MLLM factuality may fall short in hyper-detailed image captioning tasks. In contrast, our proposed method significantly enhances the factual accuracy of captions, even improving those generated by GPT-4V. Finally, we highlight a limitation of VQA-centric benchmarking by demonstrating that an MLLM's performance on VQA benchmarks may not correlate with its ability to generate detailed image captions. Our code and data are available at https://github.com/adobe-research/CapMAS.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2412.15484\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3e02a636b8089b66996011ae46ef8acc30fc5242\",\n \"result_position\": 0,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 270765469,\n \"title\": \"FactAlign: Fact-Level Hallucination Detection and Classification Through Knowledge Graph Alignment\",\n \"venue\": \"TRUSTNLP\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Rashad\",\n \"A. Zahran\",\n \"Abanoub Amin\",\n \"Amr Y. Abdelaal\",\n \"Mohamed Altantawy\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This paper proposes a novel black-box approach for fact-level hallucination detection and classification by transforming the problem into a knowledge graph alignment task. This approach allows us to classify detected hallucinations as either intrinsic or extrinsic. The paper starts by discussing the field of hallucination detection and introducing several approaches to related work. Then, we introduce the proposed FactAlign approach for hallucination detection and discuss how we can use it to classify hallucinations as either intrinsic or extrinsic. Experiments are carried out to evaluate the proposed method against state-of-the-art methods on the hallucination detection task using the WikiBio GPT-3 hallucination dataset, and on the hallucination type classification task using the XSum hallucination annotations dataset. The experimental results show that our method achieves a 0.889 F1 score for the hallucination detection and 0.825 F1 for the hallucination type classification, without any further training, fine-tuning, or producing multiple samples of the LLM response.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.18653/v1/2024.trustnlp-1.8\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/436b13fb1570d95eb80a66cec9b6d96ba1e5669f\",\n \"result_position\": 1,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 276450123,\n \"title\": \"What are Models Thinking about? Understanding Large Language Model Hallucinations \\\"Psychology\\\" through Model Inner State Analysis\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Peiran Wang\",\n \"Yang Liu\",\n \"Yunfei Lu\",\n \"Jue Hong\",\n \"Ye Wu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large language model (LLM) systems suffer from the models' unstable ability to generate valid and factual content, resulting in hallucination generation. Current hallucination detection methods heavily rely on out-of-model information sources, such as RAG to assist the detection, thus bringing heavy additional latency. Recently, internal states of LLMs' inference have been widely used in numerous research works, such as prompt injection detection, etc. Considering the interpretability of LLM internal states and the fact that they do not require external information sources, we introduce such states into LLM hallucination detection. In this paper, we systematically analyze different internal states' revealing features during inference forward and comprehensively evaluate their ability in hallucination detection. Specifically, we cut the forward process of a large language model into three stages: understanding, query, generation, and extracting the internal state from these stages. By analyzing these states, we provide a deep understanding of why the hallucinated content is generated and what happened in the internal state of the models. Then, we introduce these internal states into hallucination detection and conduct comprehensive experiments to discuss the advantages and limitations.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2502.13490\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4603d814951b860434f61183736185d16fef5bab\",\n \"result_position\": 2,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 271270693,\n \"title\": \"Halu-J: Critique-Based Hallucination Judge\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Binjie Wang\",\n \"Steffi Chern\",\n \"Ethan Chern\",\n \"Pengfei Liu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large language models (LLMs) frequently generate non-factual content, known as hallucinations. Existing retrieval-augmented-based hallucination detection approaches typically address this by framing it as a classification task, evaluating hallucinations based on their consistency with retrieved evidence. However, this approach usually lacks detailed explanations for these evaluations and does not assess the reliability of these explanations. Furthermore, deficiencies in retrieval systems can lead to irrelevant or partially relevant evidence retrieval, impairing the detection process. Moreover, while real-world hallucination detection requires analyzing multiple pieces of evidence, current systems usually treat all evidence uniformly without considering its relevance to the content. To address these challenges, we introduce Halu-J, a critique-based hallucination judge with 7 billion parameters. Halu-J enhances hallucination detection by selecting pertinent evidence and providing detailed critiques. Our experiments indicate that Halu-J outperforms GPT-4o in multiple-evidence hallucination detection and matches its capability in critique generation and evidence selection. We also introduce ME-FEVER, a new dataset designed for multiple-evidence hallucination detection. Our code and dataset can be found in https://github.com/GAIR-NLP/factool .\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2407.12943\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5831c72295ebdd7f698deba914c30b907c801e6a\",\n \"result_position\": 3,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 270258247,\n \"title\": \"AI Agents Under Threat: A Survey of Key Security Challenges and Future Pathways\",\n \"venue\": \"ACM Computing Surveys\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Zehang Deng\",\n \"Yongjian Guo\",\n \"Changzhou Han\",\n \"Wanlun Ma\",\n \"Junwu Xiong\",\n \"Sheng Wen\",\n \"Yang Xiang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"An Artificial Intelligence (AI) agent is a software entity that autonomously performs tasks or makes decisions based on pre-defined objectives and data inputs. AI agents, capable of perceiving user inputs, reasoning and planning tasks, and executing actions, have seen remarkable advancements in algorithm development and task performance. However, the security challenges they pose remain under-explored and unresolved. This survey delves into the emerging security threats faced by AI agents, categorizing them into four critical knowledge gaps: unpredictability of multi-step user inputs, complexity in internal executions, variability of operational environments, and interactions with untrusted external entities. By systematically reviewing these threats, this article highlights both the progress made and the existing limitations in safeguarding AI agents. The insights provided aim to inspire further research into addressing the security threats associated with AI agents, thereby fostering the development of more robust and secure AI agent applications.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1145/3716628\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5aacf780ec16a29bdbe283a14f5a9e6b7e1f292d\",\n \"result_position\": 4,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 269293208,\n \"title\": \"Detecting and Mitigating Hallucination in Large Vision Language Models via Fine-Grained AI Feedback\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Wenyi Xiao\",\n \"Ziwei Huang\",\n \"Leilei Gan\",\n \"Wanggui He\",\n \"Haoyuan Li\",\n \"Zhelun Yu\",\n \"Hao Jiang\",\n \"Fei Wu\",\n \"Linchao Zhu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The rapidly developing Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) have shown notable capabilities on a range of multi-modal tasks, but still face the hallucination phenomena where the generated texts do not align with the given contexts, significantly restricting the usages of LVLMs. Most previous work detects and mitigates hallucination at the coarse-grained level or requires expensive annotation (e.g., labeling by proprietary models or human experts). To address these issues, we propose detecting and mitigating hallucinations in LVLMs via fine-grained AI feedback. The basic idea is that we generate a small-size sentence-level hallucination annotation dataset by proprietary models, whereby we train a hallucination detection model which can perform sentence-level hallucination detection, covering primary hallucination types (i.e., object, attribute, and relationship). Then, we propose a detect-then-rewrite pipeline to automatically construct preference dataset for training hallucination mitigating model. Furthermore, we propose differentiating the severity of hallucinations, and introducing a Hallucination Severity-Aware Direct Preference Optimization (HSA-DPO) for mitigating hallucination in LVLMs by incorporating the severity of hallucinations into preference learning. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2404.14233\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/27d55a944b5c02b8c10eb250773d8eb082e06476\",\n \"result_position\": 5,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 276421435,\n \"title\": \"HalluEntity: Benchmarking and Understanding Entity-Level Hallucination Detection\",\n \"venue\": \"Trans. Mach. Learn. Res.\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Min-Hsuan Yeh\",\n \"Max Kamachee\",\n \"Seongheon Park\",\n \"Yixuan Li\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"To mitigate the impact of hallucination nature of LLMs, many studies propose detecting hallucinated generation through uncertainty estimation. However, these approaches predominantly operate at the sentence or paragraph level, failing to pinpoint specific spans or entities responsible for hallucinated content. This lack of granularity is especially problematic for long-form outputs that mix accurate and fabricated information. To address this limitation, we explore entity-level hallucination detection. We propose a new data set, HalluEntity, which annotates hallucination at the entity level. Based on the dataset, we comprehensively evaluate uncertainty-based hallucination detection approaches across 17 modern LLMs. Our experimental results show that uncertainty estimation approaches focusing on individual token probabilities tend to over-predict hallucinations, while context-aware methods show better but still suboptimal performance. Through an in-depth qualitative study, we identify relationships between hallucination tendencies and linguistic properties and highlight important directions for future research. HalluEntity: https://huggingface.co/datasets/samuelyeh/HalluEntity\",\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/aefb721d31ee3b7ddaffca3a0e7dce5dd438a631\",\n \"result_position\": 6,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 278394690,\n \"title\": \"Benchmarking LLM Faithfulness in RAG with Evolving Leaderboards\",\n \"venue\": \"Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Tamber\",\n \"F. Bao\",\n \"Chenyu Xu\",\n \"Ge Luo\",\n \"Suleman Kazi\",\n \"Minseok Bae\",\n \"Miaoran Li\",\n \"O. Mendelevitch\",\n \"Renyi Qu\",\n \"Jimmy Lin\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) aims to reduce hallucinations by grounding responses in external context, yet large language models (LLMs) still frequently introduce unsupported information or contradictions even when provided with relevant context. This paper presents two complementary efforts at Vectara to measure and benchmark LLM faithfulness in RAG. First, we describe our original hallucination leaderboard, which has tracked hallucination rates for LLMs since 2023 using our HHEM hallucination detection model. Motivated by limitations observed in current hallucination detection methods, we introduce FaithJudge, an LLM-as-a-judge framework that leverages a pool of diverse human-annotated hallucination examples to substantially improve the automated hallucination evaluation of LLMs. We introduce an enhanced hallucination leaderboard centered on FaithJudge that benchmarks LLMs on RAG faithfulness in summarization, question-answering, and data-to-text generation tasks. FaithJudge enables a more reliable benchmarking of LLM hallucinations in RAG and supports the development of more trustworthy generative AI systems: https://github.com/vectara/FaithJudge.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2505.04847\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5d6ea8c124549450394d016a1e95f603b74fc198\",\n \"result_position\": 7,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 273482607,\n \"title\": \"Good Parenting is all you need - Multi-agentic LLM Hallucination Mitigation\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ted Kwartler\",\n \"M. Berman\",\n \"Alan Aqrawi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This study explores the ability of Large Language Model (LLM) agents to detect and correct hallucinations in AI-generated content. A primary agent was tasked with creating a blog about a fictional Danish artist named Flipfloppidy, which was then reviewed by another agent for factual inaccuracies. Most LLMs hallucinated the existence of this artist. Across 4,900 test runs involving various combinations of primary and reviewing agents, advanced AI models such as Llama3-70b and GPT-4 variants demonstrated near-perfect accuracy in identifying hallucinations and successfully revised outputs in 85% to 100% of cases following feedback. These findings underscore the potential of advanced AI models to significantly enhance the accuracy and reliability of generated content, providing a promising approach to improving AI workflow orchestration.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2410.14262\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/42c3b85fa9c0eac94a591bd1ec0dcb87feaaff85\",\n \"result_position\": 8,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 278129636,\n \"title\": \"Evaluating Evaluation Metrics - The Mirage of Hallucination Detection\",\n \"venue\": \"Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Atharva Kulkarni\",\n \"Yuan Zhang\",\n \"Joel Ruben Antony Moniz\",\n \"Xiou Ge\",\n \"Bo-Hsiang Tseng\",\n \"Dhivya Piraviperumal\",\n \"Swabha Swayamdipta\",\n \"Hong Yu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Hallucinations pose a significant obstacle to the reliability and widespread adoption of language models, yet their accurate measurement remains a persistent challenge. While many task- and domain-specific metrics have been proposed to assess faithfulness and factuality concerns, the robustness and generalization of these metrics are still untested. In this paper, we conduct a large-scale empirical evaluation of 6 diverse sets of hallucination detection metrics across 4 datasets, 37 language models from 5 families, and 5 decoding methods. Our extensive investigation reveals concerning gaps in current hallucination evaluation: metrics often fail to align with human judgments, take an overtly myopic view of the problem, and show inconsistent gains with parameter scaling. Encouragingly, LLM-based evaluation, particularly with GPT-4, yields the best overall results, and mode-seeking decoding methods seem to reduce hallucinations, especially in knowledge-grounded settings. These findings underscore the need for more robust metrics to understand and quantify hallucinations, and better strategies to mitigate them.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2504.18114\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c87c2e6f5e984b06ef6845d3f2a1288db12ee9e0\",\n \"result_position\": 9,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 277824697,\n \"title\": \"SemEval-2025 Task 3: Mu-SHROOM, the Multilingual Shared Task on Hallucinations and Related Observable Overgeneration Mistakes\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ra'ul V'azquez\",\n \"Timothee Mickus\",\n \"Elaine Zosa\",\n \"Teemu Vahtola\",\n \"Jörg Tiedemann\",\n \"Aman Sinha\",\n \"Vincent Segonne\",\n \"Fernando S'anchez-Vega\",\n \"Alessandro Raganato\",\n \"Jindvrich Libovick'y\",\n \"Jussi Karlgren\",\n \"Shaoxiong Ji\",\n \"Jindřich Helcl\",\n \"Liane Guillou\",\n \"Ona de Gibert\",\n \"Jaione Bengoetxea\",\n \"Joseph Attieh\",\n \"Marianna Apidianaki\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"We present the Mu-SHROOM shared task which is focused on detecting hallucinations and other overgeneration mistakes in the output of instruction-tuned large language models (LLMs). Mu-SHROOM addresses general-purpose LLMs in 14 languages, and frames the hallucination detection problem as a span-labeling task. We received 2,618 submissions from 43 participating teams employing diverse methodologies. The large number of submissions underscores the interest of the community in hallucination detection. We present the results of the participating systems and conduct an empirical analysis to identify key factors contributing to strong performance in this task. We also emphasize relevant current challenges, notably the varying degree of hallucinations across languages and the high annotator disagreement when labeling hallucination spans.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2504.11975\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a16a996713b1420cc19b3ca273714752a43a4969\",\n \"result_position\": 10,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 273901413,\n \"title\": \"Embedding and Gradient Say Wrong: A White-Box Method for Hallucination Detection\",\n \"venue\": \"Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Xiaomeng Hu\",\n \"Yiming Zhang\",\n \"Ru Peng\",\n \"Haozhe Zhang\",\n \"Chenwei Wu\",\n \"Gang Chen\",\n \"Junbo Zhao\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in the field of natural language generation. Compared to previous small-scale models, they are capable of generating fluent output based on the provided prefix or prompt. However, one critical challenge — the *hallucination* problem — remains to be resolved. Generally, the community refers to the undetected hallucination scenario where the LLMs generate text unrelated to the input text or facts. In this study, we intend to model the distributional distance between the regular conditional output and the unconditional output, which is generated without a given input text. Based upon Taylor Expansion for this distance at the output probability space, our approach manages to leverage the embedding and first-order gradient information. The resulting approach is plug-and-play that can be easily adapted to any autoregressive LLM. On the hallucination benchmarks HADES and other datasets, our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.18653/v1/2024.emnlp-main.116\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f2d3b00d22b174378451d55d81af2128a60902ac\",\n \"result_position\": 11,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 269214313,\n \"title\": \"A Survey of Automatic Hallucination Evaluation on Natural Language Generation\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Siya Qi\",\n \"Yulan He\",\n \"Zheng Yuan\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has brought a pressing challenge: how to reliably assess hallucinations to guarantee model trustworthiness. Although Automatic Hallucination Evaluation (AHE) has become an indispensable component of this effort, the field remains fragmented in its methodologies, limiting both conceptual clarity and practical progress. This survey addresses this critical gap through a systematic analysis of 105 evaluation methods, revealing that 77.1% specifically target LLMs, a paradigm shift that demands new evaluation frameworks. We formulate a structured framework to organize the field, based on a survey of foundational datasets and benchmarks and a taxonomy of evaluation methodologies, which together systematically document the evolution from pre-LLM to post-LLM approaches. Beyond taxonomical organization, we identify fundamental limitations in current approaches and their implications for real-world deployment. To guide future research, we delineate key challenges and propose strategic directions, including enhanced interpretability mechanisms and integration of application-specific evaluation criteria, ultimately providing a roadmap for developing more robust and practical hallucination evaluation systems.\",\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1e347df2b6c2decce102147d0b84c1d271f2bcff\",\n \"result_position\": 12,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 246652372,\n \"title\": \"Survey of Hallucination in Natural Language Generation\",\n \"venue\": \"ACM Computing Surveys\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ziwei Ji\",\n \"Nayeon Lee\",\n \"Rita Frieske\",\n \"Tiezheng Yu\",\n \"D. Su\",\n \"Yan Xu\",\n \"Etsuko Ishii\",\n \"Yejin Bang\",\n \"Delong Chen\",\n \"Wenliang Dai\",\n \"Andrea Madotto\",\n \"Pascale Fung\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Natural Language Generation (NLG) has improved exponentially in recent years thanks to the development of sequence-to-sequence deep learning technologies such as Transformer-based language models. This advancement has led to more fluent and coherent NLG, leading to improved development in downstream tasks such as abstractive summarization, dialogue generation, and data-to-text generation. However, it is also apparent that deep learning based generation is prone to hallucinate unintended text, which degrades the system performance and fails to meet user expectations in many real-world scenarios. To address this issue, many studies have been presented in measuring and mitigating hallucinated texts, but these have never been reviewed in a comprehensive manner before. In this survey, we thus provide a broad overview of the research progress and challenges in the hallucination problem in NLG. The survey is organized into two parts: (1) a general overview of metrics, mitigation methods, and future directions, and (2) an overview of task-specific research progress on hallucinations in the following downstream tasks, namely abstractive summarization, dialogue generation, generative question answering, data-to-text generation, and machine translation. This survey serves to facilitate collaborative efforts among researchers in tackling the challenge of hallucinated texts in NLG.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1145/3571730\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3def68bd0f856886d34272840a7f81588f2bc082\",\n \"result_position\": 13,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 265067168,\n \"title\": \"A Survey on Hallucination in Large Language Models: Principles, Taxonomy, Challenges, and Open Questions\",\n \"venue\": \"ACM Trans. Inf. Syst.\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Lei Huang\",\n \"Weijiang Yu\",\n \"Weitao Ma\",\n \"Weihong Zhong\",\n \"Zhangyin Feng\",\n \"Haotian Wang\",\n \"Qianglong Chen\",\n \"Weihua Peng\",\n \"Xiaocheng Feng\",\n \"Bing Qin\",\n \"Ting Liu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has marked a significant breakthrough in natural language processing (NLP), fueling a paradigm shift in information acquisition. Nevertheless, LLMs are prone to hallucination, generating plausible yet nonfactual content. This phenomenon raises significant concerns over the reliability of LLMs in real-world information retrieval (IR) systems and has attracted intensive research to detect and mitigate such hallucinations. Given the open-ended general-purpose attributes inherent to LLMs, LLM hallucinations present distinct challenges that diverge from prior task-specific models. This divergence highlights the urgency for a nuanced understanding and comprehensive overview of recent advances in LLM hallucinations. In this survey, we begin with an innovative taxonomy of hallucination in the era of LLM and then delve into the factors contributing to hallucinations. Subsequently, we present a thorough overview of hallucination detection methods and benchmarks. Our discussion then transfers to representative methodologies for mitigating LLM hallucinations. Additionally, we delve into the current limitations faced by retrieval-augmented LLMs in combating hallucinations, offering insights for developing more robust IR systems. Finally, we highlight the promising research directions on LLM hallucinations, including hallucination in large vision-language models and understanding of knowledge boundaries in LLM hallucinations.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1145/3703155\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1e909e2a8cdacdcdff125ebcc566f37cb869a1c8\",\n \"result_position\": 14,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 266693591,\n \"title\": \"RAGTruth: A Hallucination Corpus for Developing Trustworthy Retrieval-Augmented Language Models\",\n \"venue\": \"Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yuanhao Wu\",\n \"Juno Zhu\",\n \"Siliang Xu\",\n \"Kashun Shum\",\n \"Cheng Niu\",\n \"Randy Zhong\",\n \"Juntong Song\",\n \"Tong Zhang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has become a main technique for alleviating hallucinations in large language models (LLMs). Despite the integration of RAG, LLMs may still present unsupported or contradictory claims to the retrieved contents. In order to develop effective hallucination prevention strategies under RAG, it is important to create benchmark datasets that can measure the extent of hallucination. This paper presents RAGTruth, a corpus tailored for analyzing word-level hallucinations in various domains and tasks within the standard RAG frameworks for LLM applications. RAGTruth comprises nearly 18,000 naturally generated responses from diverse LLMs using RAG. These responses have undergone meticulous manual annotations at both the individual cases and word levels, incorporating evaluations of hallucination intensity. We not only benchmark hallucination frequencies across different LLMs, but also critically assess the effectiveness of several existing hallucination detection methodologies. Furthermore, we show that using a high-quality dataset such as RAGTruth, it is possible to finetune a relatively small LLM and achieve a competitive level of performance in hallucination detection when compared to the existing prompt-based approaches using state-of-the-art large language models such as GPT-4.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2401.00396\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cfce709a65f90312d2bdc1a6cf0380c19becf694\",\n \"result_position\": 15,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 258832847,\n \"title\": \"HaluEval: A Large-Scale Hallucination Evaluation Benchmark for Large Language Models\",\n \"venue\": \"Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Junyi Li\",\n \"Xiaoxue Cheng\",\n \"Wayne Xin Zhao\",\n \"J. Nie\",\n \"Ji-rong Wen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, are prone to generate hallucinations, i.e., content that conflicts with the source or cannot be verified by the factual knowledge. To understand what types of content and to which extent LLMs are apt to hallucinate, we introduce the Hallucination Evaluation benchmark for Large Language Models (HaluEval), a large collection of generated and human-annotated hallucinated samples for evaluating the performance of LLMs in recognizing hallucination. To generate these samples, we propose a ChatGPT-based two-step framework, i.e., sampling-then-filtering. Besides, we also hire some human labelers to annotate the hallucinations in ChatGPT responses. The empirical results suggest that ChatGPT is likely to generate hallucinated content in specific topics by fabricating unverifiable information (i.e., about $19.5\\\\%$ responses). Moreover, existing LLMs face great challenges in recognizing the hallucinations in texts. However, our experiments also prove that providing external knowledge or adding reasoning steps can help LLMs recognize hallucinations. Our benchmark can be accessed at https://github.com/RUCAIBox/HaluEval.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2305.11747\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e0384ba36555232c587d4a80d527895a095a9001\",\n \"result_position\": 16,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 233296648,\n \"title\": \"A Token-level Reference-free Hallucination Detection Benchmark for Free-form Text Generation\",\n \"venue\": \"Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Tianyu Liu\",\n \"Yizhe Zhang\",\n \"C. Brockett\",\n \"Yi Mao\",\n \"Zhifang Sui\",\n \"Weizhu Chen\",\n \"W. Dolan\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large pretrained generative models like GPT-3 often suffer from hallucinating non-existent or incorrect content, which undermines their potential merits in real applications. Existing work usually attempts to detect these hallucinations based on a corresponding oracle reference at a sentence or document level. However ground-truth references may not be readily available for many free-form text generation applications, and sentence- or document-level detection may fail to provide the fine-grained signals that would prevent fallacious content in real time. As a first step to addressing these issues, we propose a novel token-level, reference-free hallucination detection task and an associated annotated dataset named HaDeS (HAllucination DEtection dataSet). To create this dataset, we first perturb a large number of text segments extracted from English language Wikipedia, and then verify these with crowd-sourced annotations. To mitigate label imbalance during annotation, we utilize an iterative model-in-loop strategy. We conduct comprehensive data analyses and create multiple baseline models.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.18653/v1/2022.acl-long.464\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c6bf48f25e0a65d64d658b47326de5922ea7dd44\",\n \"result_position\": 17,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 278739937,\n \"title\": \"Learning Auxiliary Tasks Improves Reference-Free Hallucination Detection in Open-Domain Long-Form Generation\",\n \"venue\": \"Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Chengwei Qin\",\n \"Wenxuan Zhou\",\n \"Karthik Abinav Sankararaman\",\n \"Nanshu Wang\",\n \"Tengyu Xu\",\n \"Alexander Radovic\",\n \"Eryk Helenowski\",\n \"Arya Talebzadeh\",\n \"Aditya Tayade\",\n \"Si-Yuan Wang\",\n \"Shafiq R. Joty\",\n \"Han Fang\",\n \"Hao Ma\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Hallucination, the generation of factually incorrect information, remains a significant challenge for large language models (LLMs), especially in open-domain long-form generation. Existing approaches for detecting hallucination in long-form tasks either focus on limited domains or rely heavily on external fact-checking tools, which may not always be available. In this work, we systematically investigate reference-free hallucination detection in open-domain long-form responses. Our findings reveal that internal states (e.g., model's output probability and entropy) alone are insufficient for reliably (i.e., better than random guessing) distinguishing between factual and hallucinated content. To enhance detection, we explore various existing approaches, including prompting-based methods, probing, and fine-tuning, with fine-tuning proving the most effective. To further improve the accuracy, we introduce a new paradigm, named RATE-FT, that augments fine-tuning with an auxiliary task for the model to jointly learn with the main task of hallucination detection. With extensive experiments and analysis using a variety of model families&datasets, we demonstrate the effectiveness and generalizability of our method, e.g., +3% over general fine-tuning methods on LongFact.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2505.12265\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ac8c5d081eacc412cd39daa7e22b0378c1436e45\",\n \"result_position\": 18,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 271039806,\n \"title\": \"ANAH-v2: Scaling Analytical Hallucination Annotation of Large Language Models\",\n \"venue\": \"Neural Information Processing Systems\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yuzhe Gu\",\n \"Ziwei Ji\",\n \"Wenwei Zhang\",\n \"Chengqi Lyu\",\n \"Dahua Lin\",\n \"Kai Chen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large language models (LLMs) exhibit hallucinations in long-form question-answering tasks across various domains and wide applications. Current hallucination detection and mitigation datasets are limited in domains and sizes, which struggle to scale due to prohibitive labor costs and insufficient reliability of existing hallucination annotators. To facilitate the scalable oversight of LLM hallucinations, this paper introduces an iterative self-training framework that simultaneously and progressively scales up the hallucination annotation dataset and improves the accuracy of the hallucination annotator. Based on the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm, in each iteration, the framework first applies a hallucination annotation pipeline to annotate a scaled dataset and then trains a more accurate hallucination annotator on the dataset. This new hallucination annotator is adopted in the hallucination annotation pipeline used for the next iteration. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the finally obtained hallucination annotator with only 7B parameters surpasses the performance of GPT-4 and obtains new state-of-the-art hallucination detection results on HaluEval and HalluQA by zero-shot inference. Such an annotator can not only evaluate the hallucination levels of various LLMs on the large-scale dataset but also help to mitigate the hallucination of LLMs generations, with the Natural Language Inference (NLI) metric increasing from 25% to 37% on HaluEval.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2407.04693\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/682ff66a5ec0248f7e4a17a684b2d1e328e57f70\",\n \"result_position\": 19,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 278165123,\n \"title\": \"Towards Long Context Hallucination Detection\",\n \"venue\": \"North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Siyi Liu\",\n \"Kishaloy Halder\",\n \"Zheng Qi\",\n \"Wei Xiao\",\n \"Nikolaos Pappas\",\n \"Phu Mon Htut\",\n \"Neha Ann John\",\n \"Yassine Benajiba\",\n \"Dan Roth\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various tasks. However, they are prone to contextual hallucination, generating information that is either unsubstantiated or contradictory to the given context. Although many studies have investigated contextual hallucinations in LLMs, addressing them in long-context inputs remains an open problem. In this work, we take an initial step toward solving this problem by constructing a dataset specifically designed for long-context hallucination detection. Furthermore, we propose a novel architecture that enables pre-trained encoder models, such as BERT, to process long contexts and effectively detect contextual hallucinations through a decomposition and aggregation mechanism. Our experimental results show that the proposed architecture significantly outperforms previous models of similar size as well as LLM-based models across various metrics, while providing substantially faster inference.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2504.19457\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1704e693d2e26805025bc5d4fbc8c504fb317527\",\n \"result_position\": 20,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 272367376,\n \"title\": \"Pre-Training Multimodal Hallucination Detectors with Corrupted Grounding Data\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Spencer Whitehead\",\n \"Jacob Phillips\",\n \"Sean M. Hendryx\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Multimodal language models can exhibit hallucinations in their outputs, which limits their reliability. The ability to automatically detect these errors is important for mitigating them, but has been less explored and existing efforts do not localize hallucinations, instead framing this as a classification task. In this work, we first pose multimodal hallucination detection as a sequence labeling task where models must localize hallucinated text spans and present a strong baseline model. Given the high cost of human annotations for this task, we propose an approach to improve the sample efficiency of these models by creating corrupted grounding data, which we use for pre-training. Leveraging phrase grounding data, we generate hallucinations to replace grounded spans and create hallucinated text. Experiments show that pre-training on this data improves sample efficiency when fine-tuning, and that the learning signal from the grounding data plays an important role in these improvements.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2409.00238\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fcf6e60be62332fd7b16046f8c6562a54c708417\",\n \"result_position\": 21,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 277780608,\n \"title\": \"HalluSearch at SemEval-2025 Task 3: A Search-Enhanced RAG Pipeline for Hallucination Detection\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Mohamed A. Abdallah\",\n \"S. El-Beltagy\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In this paper, we present HalluSearch, a multilingual pipeline designed to detect fabricated text spans in Large Language Model (LLM) outputs. Developed as part of Mu-SHROOM, the Multilingual Shared-task on Hallucinations and Related Observable Overgeneration Mistakes, HalluSearch couples retrieval-augmented verification with fine-grained factual splitting to identify and localize hallucinations in fourteen different languages. Empirical evaluations show that HalluSearch performs competitively, placing fourth in both English (within the top ten percent) and Czech. While the system's retrieval-based strategy generally proves robust, it faces challenges in languages with limited online coverage, underscoring the need for further research to ensure consistent hallucination detection across diverse linguistic contexts.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2504.10168\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f7b627089e330eabb984e4706ff80a03615f24c5\",\n \"result_position\": 22,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 279244414,\n \"title\": \"CLATTER: Comprehensive Entailment Reasoning for Hallucination Detection\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ron Eliav\",\n \"Arie Cattan\",\n \"Eran Hirsch\",\n \"Shahaf Bassan\",\n \"Elias Stengel-Eskin\",\n \"Mohit Bansal\",\n \"Ido Dagan\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"A common approach to hallucination detection casts it as a natural language inference (NLI) task, often using LLMs to classify whether the generated text is entailed by corresponding reference texts. Since entailment classification is a complex reasoning task, one would expect that LLMs could benefit from generating an explicit reasoning process, as in CoT reasoning or the explicit ``thinking'' of recent reasoning models. In this work, we propose that guiding such models to perform a systematic and comprehensive reasoning process -- one that both decomposes the text into smaller facts and also finds evidence in the source for each fact -- allows models to execute much finer-grained and accurate entailment decisions, leading to increased performance. To that end, we define a 3-step reasoning process, consisting of (i) claim decomposition, (ii) sub-claim attribution and entailment classification, and (iii) aggregated classification, showing that such guided reasoning indeed yields improved hallucination detection. Following this reasoning framework, we introduce an analysis scheme, consisting of several metrics that measure the quality of the intermediate reasoning steps, which provided additional empirical evidence for the improved quality of our guided reasoning scheme.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2506.05243\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/009d080fefdfa4b36c11e2a5871cbb478d23b1dc\",\n \"result_position\": 23,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 278741141,\n \"title\": \"Detection and Mitigation of Hallucination in Large Reasoning Models: A Mechanistic Perspective\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"ZhongXiang Sun\",\n \"Qipeng Wang\",\n \"Haoyu Wang\",\n \"Xiao Zhang\",\n \"Jun Xu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have shown impressive capabilities in multi-step reasoning tasks. However, alongside these successes, a more deceptive form of model error has emerged--Reasoning Hallucination--where logically coherent but factually incorrect reasoning traces lead to persuasive yet faulty conclusions. Unlike traditional hallucinations, these errors are embedded within structured reasoning, making them more difficult to detect and potentially more harmful. In this work, we investigate reasoning hallucinations from a mechanistic perspective. We propose the Reasoning Score, which quantifies the depth of reasoning by measuring the divergence between logits obtained from projecting late layers of LRMs to the vocabulary space, effectively distinguishing shallow pattern-matching from genuine deep reasoning. Using this score, we conduct an in-depth analysis on the ReTruthQA dataset and identify two key reasoning hallucination patterns: early-stage fluctuation in reasoning depth and incorrect backtracking to flawed prior steps. These insights motivate our Reasoning Hallucination Detection (RHD) framework, which achieves state-of-the-art performance across multiple domains. To mitigate reasoning hallucinations, we further introduce GRPO-R, an enhanced reinforcement learning algorithm that incorporates step-level deep reasoning rewards via potential-based shaping. Our theoretical analysis establishes stronger generalization guarantees, and experiments demonstrate improved reasoning quality and reduced hallucination rates.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2505.12886\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8741e9dfaa896ed02b2b58328fb36f94422994cf\",\n \"result_position\": 24,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 270766137,\n \"title\": \"Halu-NLP at SemEval-2024 Task 6: MetaCheckGPT - A Multi-task Hallucination Detection using LLM uncertainty and meta-models\",\n \"venue\": \"International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Rahul Mehta\",\n \"Andrew Hoblitzell\",\n \"Jack O’keefe\",\n \"Hyeju Jang\",\n \"Vasudeva Varma\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Hallucinations in large language models(LLMs) have recently become a significantproblem. A recent effort in this directionis a shared task at Semeval 2024 Task 6,SHROOM, a Shared-task on Hallucinationsand Related Observable Overgeneration Mis-takes. This paper describes our winning so-lution ranked 1st and 2nd in the 2 sub-tasksof model agnostic and model aware tracks re-spectively. We propose a meta-regressor basedensemble of LLMs based on a random forestalgorithm that achieves the highest scores onthe leader board. We also experiment with var-ious transformer based models and black boxmethods like ChatGPT, Vectara, and others. Inaddition, we perform an error analysis com-paring ChatGPT against our best model whichshows the limitations of the former\",\n \"doi\": \"10.18653/v1/2024.semeval-1.52\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e1b8153ceab396d5fa8ab32e9b9d5402e5316932\",\n \"result_position\": 25,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 277741414,\n \"title\": \"MedHal: An Evaluation Dataset for Medical Hallucination Detection\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Gaya Mehenni\",\n \"Amal Zouaq\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"We present MedHal, a novel large-scale dataset specifically designed to evaluate if models can detect hallucinations in medical texts. Current hallucination detection methods face significant limitations when applied to specialized domains like medicine, where they can have disastrous consequences. Existing medical datasets are either too small, containing only a few hundred samples, or focus on a single task like Question Answering or Natural Language Inference. MedHal addresses these gaps by: (1) incorporating diverse medical text sources and tasks; (2) providing a substantial volume of annotated samples suitable for training medical hallucination detection models; and (3) including explanations for factual inconsistencies to guide model learning. We demonstrate MedHal's utility by training and evaluating a baseline medical hallucination detection model, showing improvements over general-purpose hallucination detection approaches. This resource enables more efficient evaluation of medical text generation systems while reducing reliance on costly expert review, potentially accelerating the development of medical AI research.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2504.08596\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5ad85171320ae685735c88aeeab7d782a927521e\",\n \"result_position\": 26,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 268733092,\n \"title\": \"FACTOID: FACtual enTailment fOr hallucInation Detection\",\n \"venue\": \"Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Trustworthy NLP (TrustNLP 2025)\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Vipula Rawte\",\n \"S. M. Towhidul\",\n \"Islam Tonmoy\",\n \"Krishnav Rajbangshi\",\n \"Shravani Nag\",\n \"Aman Chadha\",\n \"Amit P. Sheth\",\n \"Amitava Das\",\n \"Joe Biden\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) has facilitated numerous benefits. However, hallucination is a significant concern. In response, Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a highly promising paradigm to improve LLM outputs by grounding them in factual information. RAG relies on textual entailment (TE) or similar methods to check if the text produced by LLMs is supported or contradicted, compared to retrieved documents. This paper argues that conventional TE methods are inadequate for spotting hallucinations in content generated by LLMs. For instance, consider a prompt about the 'USA's stance on the Ukraine war''. The AI-generated text states, ...U.S. President Barack Obama says the U.S. will not put troops in Ukraine...'' However, during the war the U.S. president is Joe Biden which contradicts factual reality. Moreover, current TE systems are unable to accurately annotate the given text and identify the exact portion that is contradicted. To address this, we introduces a new type of TE called ``Factual Entailment (FE).'', aims to detect factual inaccuracies in content generated by LLMs while also highlighting the specific text segment that contradicts reality. We present FACTOID (FACTual enTAILment for hallucInation Detection), a benchmark dataset for FE. We propose a multi-task learning (MTL) framework for FE, incorporating state-of-the-art (SoTA) long text embeddings such as e5-mistral-7b-instruct, along with GPT-3, SpanBERT, and RoFormer. The proposed MTL architecture for FE achieves an avg. 40\\\\% improvement in accuracy on the FACTOID benchmark compared to SoTA TE methods. As FE automatically detects hallucinations, we assessed 15 modern LLMs and ranked them using our proposed Auto Hallucination Vulnerability Index (HVI_auto). This index quantifies and offers a comparative scale to evaluate and rank LLMs according to their hallucinations.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2403.19113\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b1e3eaa8d51d53037d01ebb7805d882e5e7860b1\",\n \"result_position\": 27,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 265351856,\n \"title\": \"Enhancing Uncertainty-Based Hallucination Detection with Stronger Focus\",\n \"venue\": \"Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Tianhang Zhang\",\n \"Lin Qiu\",\n \"Qipeng Guo\",\n \"Cheng Deng\",\n \"Yue Zhang\",\n \"Zheng Zhang\",\n \"Cheng Zhou\",\n \"Xinbing Wang\",\n \"Luoyi Fu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained significant popularity for their impressive performance across diverse fields. However, LLMs are prone to hallucinate untruthful or nonsensical outputs that fail to meet user expectations in many real-world applications. Existing works for detecting hallucinations in LLMs either rely on external knowledge for reference retrieval or require sampling multiple responses from the LLM for consistency verification, making these methods costly and inefficient. In this paper, we propose a novel reference-free, uncertainty-based method for detecting hallucinations in LLMs. Our approach imitates human focus in factuality checking from three aspects: 1) focus on the most informative and important keywords in the given text; 2) focus on the unreliable tokens in historical context which may lead to a cascade of hallucinations; and 3) focus on the token properties such as token type and token frequency. Experimental results on relevant datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method, which achieves state-of-the-art performance across all the evaluation metrics and eliminates the need for additional information.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2311.13230\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2fae69cea48d332c5788537a0b5e9e76c10e3baf\",\n \"result_position\": 28,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 267412532,\n \"title\": \"Unified Hallucination Detection for Multimodal Large Language Models\",\n \"venue\": \"Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Xiang Chen\",\n \"Chenxi Wang\",\n \"Yida Xue\",\n \"Ningyu Zhang\",\n \"Xiaoyan Yang\",\n \"Qiang Li\",\n \"Yue Shen\",\n \"Lei Liang\",\n \"Jinjie Gu\",\n \"Huajun Chen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Despite significant strides in multimodal tasks, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are plagued by the critical issue of hallucination. The reliable detection of such hallucinations in MLLMs has, therefore, become a vital aspect of model evaluation and the safeguarding of practical application deployment. Prior research in this domain has been constrained by a narrow focus on singular tasks, an inadequate range of hallucination categories addressed, and a lack of detailed granularity. In response to these challenges, our work expands the investigative horizons of hallucination detection. We present a novel meta-evaluation benchmark, MHaluBench, meticulously crafted to facilitate the evaluation of advancements in hallucination detection methods. Additionally, we unveil a novel unified multimodal hallucination detection framework, UNIHD, which leverages a suite of auxiliary tools to validate the occurrence of hallucinations robustly. We demonstrate the effectiveness of UNIHD through meticulous evaluation and comprehensive analysis. We also provide strategic insights on the application of specific tools for addressing various categories of hallucinations.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2402.03190\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/19e909f88b8b9b0635bd6e441094e1738c3bba9a\",\n \"result_position\": 29,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 279319058,\n \"title\": \"HalLoc: Token-level Localization of Hallucinations for Vision Language Models\",\n \"venue\": \"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Eunkyu Park\",\n \"Minyeong Kim\",\n \"Gunhee Kim\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Hallucinations pose a significant challenge to the reliability of large vision-language models, making their detection essential for ensuring accuracy in critical applications. Current detection methods often rely on computationally intensive models, leading to high latency and resource demands. Their definitive outcomes also fail to account for real-world scenarios where the line between hallucinated and truthful information is unclear. To address these issues, we propose HalLoc, a dataset designed for efficient, probabilistic hallucination detection. It features 150K token-level annotated samples, including hallucination types, across Visual Question Answering (VQA), instruction-following, and image captioning tasks. This dataset facilitates the development of models that detect hallucinations with graded confidence, enabling more informed user interactions. Additionally, we introduce a baseline model trained on HalLoc, offering low-overhead, concurrent hallucination detection during generation. The model can be seamlessly integrated into existing VLMs, improving reliability while preserving efficiency. The prospect of a robust plug-and-play hallucination detection module opens new avenues for enhancing the trustworthiness of vision-language models in real-world applications. The HalLoc dataset and code are publicly available at: https://github.com/dbsltm/cvpr25_halloc.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/CVPR52734.2025.02782\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a5a4bf1f4243fe43d7b9b59f5b962b90f30ee090\",\n \"result_position\": 30,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 267740651,\n \"title\": \"Comparing Hallucination Detection Metrics for Multilingual Generation\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Haoqiang Kang\",\n \"Terra Blevins\",\n \"Luke S. Zettlemoyer\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"While many hallucination detection techniques have been evaluated on English text, their effectiveness in multilingual contexts remains unknown. This paper assesses how well various factual hallucination detection metrics (lexical metrics like ROUGE and Named Entity Overlap, and Natural Language Inference (NLI)-based metrics) identify hallucinations in generated biographical summaries across languages. We compare how well automatic metrics correlate to each other and whether they agree with human judgments of factuality. Our analysis reveals that while the lexical metrics are ineffective, NLI-based metrics perform well, correlating with human annotations in many settings and often outperforming supervised models. However, NLI metrics are still limited, as they do not detect single-fact hallucinations well and fail for lower-resource languages. Therefore, our findings highlight the gaps in exisiting hallucination detection methods for non-English languages and motivate future research to develop more robust multilingual detection methods for LLM hallucinations.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2402.10496\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4bb30cdd7216d0bde3f937489ec04b161b44977c\",\n \"result_position\": 31,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 277271785,\n \"title\": \"ShED-HD: A Shannon Entropy Distribution Framework for Lightweight Hallucination Detection on Edge Devices\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Aneesh Vathul\",\n \"Daniel Lee\",\n \"Sheryl Chen\",\n \"Arthi Tasmia\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities on a broad array of NLP tasks, but their tendency to produce hallucinations$\\\\unicode{x2013}$plausible-sounding but factually incorrect content$\\\\unicode{x2013}$poses severe challenges in high-stakes domains. Existing hallucination detection methods either bear the computational cost of multiple inference passes or sacrifice accuracy for efficiency with single-pass approaches, neither of which is ideal in resource-constrained environments such as edge devices. We propose the Shannon Entropy Distribution Hallucination Detector (ShED-HD), a novel hallucination detection framework that bridges this gap by classifying sequence-level entropy patterns using a lightweight BiLSTM architecture with single-headed attention. In contrast to prior approaches, ShED-HD efficiently detects distinctive uncertainty patterns across entire output sequences, preserving contextual awareness. Through in-depth evaluation on three datasets (BioASQ, TriviaQA, and Jeopardy Questions), we show that ShED-HD significantly outperforms other computationally efficient approaches in the out-of-distribution setting, while achieving comparable performance in the in-distribution setting. ShED-HD facilitates hallucination detection that is low-cost, accurate, and generalizable, improving the credibility of content generated by LLMs in resource-constrained environments where trustworthy AI functionality is crucial.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2503.18242\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d7b1c949e923341a9ef9d908e73b84b60a3df94d\",\n \"result_position\": 32,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 280045856,\n \"title\": \"A Survey of Multimodal Hallucination Evaluation and Detection\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Computer Vision\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Zhiyuan Chen\",\n \"Yuecong Min\",\n \"Jie Zhang\",\n \"Bei Yan\",\n \"Jiahao Wang\",\n \"Xiaozhen Wang\",\n \"Shiguang Shan\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have emerged as a powerful paradigm for integrating visual and textual information, supporting a wide range of multi-modal tasks. However, these models often suffer from hallucination, producing content that appears plausible but contradicts the input content or established world knowledge. This survey offers an in-depth review of hallucination evaluation benchmarks and detection methods across Image-to-Text (I2T) and Text-to-image (T2I) generation tasks. Specifically, we first propose a taxonomy of hallucination based on faithfulness and factuality, incorporating the common types of hallucinations observed in practice. Then we provide an overview of existing hallucination evaluation benchmarks for both T2I and I2T tasks, highlighting their construction process, evaluation objectives, and employed metrics. Furthermore, we summarize recent advances in hallucination detection methods, which aims to identify hallucinated content at the instance level and serve as a practical complement of benchmark-based evaluation. Finally, we highlight key limitations in current benchmarks and detection methods, and outline potential directions for future research.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s11263-026-02756-9\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fdc092d0bddb1a99a80a37be878f183096ad236b\",\n \"result_position\": 33,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 251468136,\n \"title\": \"Looking for a Needle in a Haystack: A Comprehensive Study of Hallucinations in Neural Machine Translation\",\n \"venue\": \"Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Nuno M. Guerreiro\",\n \"Elena Voita\",\n \"André F. T. Martins\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Although the problem of hallucinations in neural machine translation (NMT) has received some attention, research on this highly pathological phenomenon lacks solid ground. Previous work has been limited in several ways: it often resorts to artificial settings where the problem is amplified, it disregards some (common) types of hallucinations, and it does not validate adequacy of detection heuristics. In this paper, we set foundations for the study of NMT hallucinations. First, we work in a natural setting, i.e., in-domain data without artificial noise neither in training nor in inference. Next, we annotate a dataset of over 3.4k sentences indicating different kinds of critical errors and hallucinations. Then, we turn to detection methods and both revisit methods used previously and propose using glass-box uncertainty-based detectors. Overall, we show that for preventive settings, (i) previously used methods are largely inadequate, (ii) sequence log-probability works best and performs on par with reference-based methods. Finally, we propose DeHallucinator, a simple method for alleviating hallucinations at test time that significantly reduces the hallucinatory rate.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2208.05309\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/193fc3bc9f200ccb28892c02979e6c2068a85138\",\n \"result_position\": 34,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 276107224,\n \"title\": \"SelfCheck-Eval: A Multi-Module Framework for Zero-Resource Hallucination Detection in Large Language Models\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Diyana Muhammed\",\n \"G. Tuccari\",\n \"Gollam Rabby\",\n \"Soren Auer\",\n \"S. Vahdati\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse applications, from open-domain question answering to scientific writing, medical decision support, and legal analysis. However, their tendency to generate incorrect or fabricated content, commonly known as hallucinations, represents a critical barrier to reliable deployment in high-stakes domains. Current hallucination detection benchmarks are limited in scope, focusing primarily on general-knowledge domains while neglecting specialised fields where accuracy is paramount. To address this gap, we introduce the AIME Math Hallucination dataset, the first comprehensive benchmark specifically designed for evaluating mathematical reasoning hallucinations. Additionally, we propose SelfCheck-Eval, a LLM-agnostic, black-box hallucination detection framework applicable to both open and closed-source LLMs. Our approach leverages a novel multi-module architecture that integrates three independent detection strategies: the Semantic module, the Specialised Detection module, and the Contextual Consistency module. Our evaluation reveals systematic performance disparities across domains: existing methods perform well on biographical content but struggle significantly with mathematical reasoning, a challenge that persists across NLI fine-tuning, preference learning, and process supervision approaches. These findings highlight the fundamental limitations of current detection methods in mathematical domains and underscore the critical need for specialised, black-box compatible approaches to ensure reliable LLM deployment.\",\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/082a16df27d4ead545767544a29279864aa08f7b\",\n \"result_position\": 35,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 280151005,\n \"title\": \"Loki's Dance of Illusions: A Comprehensive Survey of Hallucination in Large Language Models\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Chaozhuo Li\",\n \"Pengbo Wang\",\n \"Chenxu Wang\",\n \"Litian Zhang\",\n \"Zheng Liu\",\n \"Qiwei Ye\",\n \"Yuan Xu\",\n \"Feiran Huang\",\n \"Xi Zhang\",\n \"Philip S. Yu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Edgar Allan Poe noted,\\\"Truth often lurks in the shadow of error,\\\"highlighting the deep complexity intrinsic to the interplay between truth and falsehood, notably under conditions of cognitive and informational asymmetry. This dynamic is strikingly evident in large language models (LLMs). Despite their impressive linguistic generation capabilities, LLMs sometimes produce information that appears factually accurate but is, in reality, fabricated, an issue often referred to as'hallucinations'. The prevalence of these hallucinations can mislead users, affecting their judgments and decisions. In sectors such as finance, law, and healthcare, such misinformation risks causing substantial economic losses, legal disputes, and health risks, with wide-ranging consequences.In our research, we have methodically categorized, analyzed the causes, detection methods, and solutions related to LLM hallucinations. Our efforts have particularly focused on understanding the roots of hallucinations and evaluating the efficacy of current strategies in revealing the underlying logic, thereby paving the way for the development of innovative and potent approaches. By examining why certain measures are effective against hallucinations, our study aims to foster a comprehensive approach to tackling this issue within the domain of LLMs.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2507.02870\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4d608203639087e0fe3c5d2b7a374941dd182cb7\",\n \"result_position\": 36,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 270258419,\n \"title\": \"Towards Detecting LLMs Hallucination via Markov Chain-based Multi-agent Debate Framework\",\n \"venue\": \"IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Xiaoxi Sun\",\n \"Jinpeng Li\",\n \"Yan Zhong\",\n \"Dongyan Zhao\",\n \"Rui Yan\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The advent of large language models has facilitated the development of natural language text generation. It also poses unprecedented challenges, with content hallucination emerging as a significant concern. Existing solutions often involve expensive and complex interventions during the training process. Moreover, some approaches emphasize problem disassembly while neglecting the crucial validation process, leading to performance degradation or limited applications. To overcome these limitations, we propose a Markov Chain-based multi-agent debate verification framework to enhance hallucination detection accuracy in concise claims. Our method integrates the fact-checking process, including claim detection, evidence retrieval, and multi-agent verification. In the verification stage, we deploy multiple agents through flexible Markov Chain-based debates to validate individual claims, ensuring meticulous verification outcomes. Experimental results across three generative tasks demonstrate that our approach achieves significant improvements over baselines.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/ICASSP49660.2025.10889448\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f581c47aee79a4621295fe6132c0e5e240720698\",\n \"result_position\": 37,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 266725532,\n \"title\": \"A Comprehensive Survey of Hallucination Mitigation Techniques in Large Language Models\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"S. Tonmoy\",\n \"S. Zaman\",\n \"Vinija Jain\",\n \"Anku Rani\",\n \"Vipula Rawte\",\n \"Aman Chadha\",\n \"Amitava Das\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"As Large Language Models (LLMs) continue to advance in their ability to write human-like text, a key challenge remains around their tendency to hallucinate generating content that appears factual but is ungrounded. This issue of hallucination is arguably the biggest hindrance to safely deploying these powerful LLMs into real-world production systems that impact people's lives. The journey toward widespread adoption of LLMs in practical settings heavily relies on addressing and mitigating hallucinations. Unlike traditional AI systems focused on limited tasks, LLMs have been exposed to vast amounts of online text data during training. While this allows them to display impressive language fluency, it also means they are capable of extrapolating information from the biases in training data, misinterpreting ambiguous prompts, or modifying the information to align superficially with the input. This becomes hugely alarming when we rely on language generation capabilities for sensitive applications, such as summarizing medical records, financial analysis reports, etc. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of over 32 techniques developed to mitigate hallucination in LLMs. Notable among these are Retrieval Augmented Generation (Lewis et al, 2021), Knowledge Retrieval (Varshney et al,2023), CoNLI (Lei et al, 2023), and CoVe (Dhuliawala et al, 2023). Furthermore, we introduce a detailed taxonomy categorizing these methods based on various parameters, such as dataset utilization, common tasks, feedback mechanisms, and retriever types. This classification helps distinguish the diverse approaches specifically designed to tackle hallucination issues in LLMs. Additionally, we analyze the challenges and limitations inherent in these techniques, providing a solid foundation for future research in addressing hallucinations and related phenomena within the realm of LLMs.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2401.01313\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5272acad9e4201e93dabe3fd99bd7ead9b1a544d\",\n \"result_position\": 38,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 269004894,\n \"title\": \"SLPL SHROOM at SemEval2024 Task 06 : A comprehensive study on models ability to detect hallucination\",\n \"venue\": \"International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Pouya Fallah\",\n \"S. Gooran\",\n \"Mohammad Jafarinasab\",\n \"Pouya Sadeghi\",\n \"Reza Farnia\",\n \"Amirreza Tarabkhah\",\n \"Zainab Sadat Taghavi\",\n \"Hossein Sameti\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Language models, particularly generative models, are susceptible to hallucinations, generating outputs that contradict factual knowledgeor the source text. This study explores methodsfor detecting hallucinations in three SemEval2024 Task 6 tasks: Machine Translation, Definition Modeling, and Paraphrase Generation.We evaluate two methods: semantic similaritybetween the generated text and factual references, and an ensemble of language modelsthat judge each other’s outputs. Our resultsshow that semantic similarity achieves moderate accuracy and correlation scores in trial data,while the ensemble method offers insights intothe complexities of hallucination detection butfalls short of expectations. This work highlights the challenges of hallucination detectionand underscores the need for further researchin this critical area.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2404.04845\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/54b72835912c46b7a5afce4d156f1dadf085b551\",\n \"result_position\": 39,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 279465495,\n \"title\": \"Chain-of-Thought Prompting Obscures Hallucination Cues in Large Language Models: An Empirical Evaluation\",\n \"venue\": \"Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jiahao Cheng\",\n \"Tiancheng Su\",\n \"Jia Yuan\",\n \"Guoxiu He\",\n \"Jiawei Liu\",\n \"Xinqi Tao\",\n \"Jingwen Xie\",\n \"Huaxia Li\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large Language Models (LLMs) often exhibit \\\\textit{hallucinations}, generating factually incorrect or semantically irrelevant content in response to prompts. Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting can mitigate hallucinations by encouraging step-by-step reasoning, but its impact on hallucination detection remains underexplored. To bridge this gap, we conduct a systematic empirical evaluation. We begin with a pilot experiment, revealing that CoT reasoning significantly affects the LLM's internal states and token probability distributions. Building on this, we evaluate the impact of various CoT prompting methods on mainstream hallucination detection methods across both instruction-tuned and reasoning-oriented LLMs. Specifically, we examine three key dimensions: changes in hallucination score distributions, variations in detection accuracy, and shifts in detection confidence. Our findings show that while CoT prompting helps reduce hallucination frequency, it also tends to obscure critical signals used for detection, impairing the effectiveness of various detection methods. Our study highlights an overlooked trade-off in the use of reasoning. Code is publicly available at: https://github.com/ECNU-Text-Computing/cot-hallu-detect .\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2506.17088\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/163ce5ee3ee159c1e2e5c39d64f36ca7f9a528ea\",\n \"result_position\": 40,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":84,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"Z perspektywy patofizjologicznej, stres wpływa na układ immunologiczny poprzez aktywację osi HPA i wzrost stężenia kortyzolu, co paradoksalnie – przy długotrwałym działaniu – może prowadzić do osłabienia odpowiedzi przeciwzapalnej i wzrostu aktywności cytokin prozapalnych "},"query_timestamp":{"kind":"string","value":"2025-08-08T04:20:21.964630+00:00"},"thread_id":{"kind":"string","value":"36d8a668893c61fe84b3c327aec7a3040d8b24753c9d22f024f4ea3660580151"},"num_shown":{"kind":"number","value":75,"string":"75"},"num_clicked":{"kind":"number","value":0,"string":"0"},"has_clicks":{"kind":"bool","value":false,"string":"false"},"shown_papers":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"corpus_id":265629106,"title":"The Role of Cortisol in Chronic Stress, Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Psychological Disorders","venue":"Cells","year":2023,"authors":["Emilija Knezevic","Katarina Nenic","Vladislav Milanovic","N. Knezevic"],"abstract":"Cortisol, a critical glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal glands, plays a pivotal role in various physiological processes. Its release is finely orchestrated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus, governing the circadian rhythm and activating the intricate hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, a vital neuroendocrine system responsible for stress response and maintaining homeostasis. Disruptions in cortisol regulation due to chronic stress, disease, and aging have profound implications for multiple bodily systems. Animal models have been instrumental in elucidating these complex cortisol dynamics during stress, shedding light on the interplay between physiological, neuroendocrine, and immune factors in the stress response. These models have also revealed the impact of various stressors, including social hierarchies, highlighting the role of social factors in cortisol regulation. Moreover, chronic stress is closely linked to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, driven by excessive cortisol production and HPA axis dysregulation, along with neuroinflammation in the central nervous system. The relationship between cortisol dysregulation and major depressive disorder is complex, characterized by HPA axis hyperactivity and chronic inflammation. Lastly, chronic pain is associated with abnormal cortisol patterns that heighten pain sensitivity and susceptibility. Understanding these multifaceted mechanisms and their effects is essential, as they offer insights into potential interventions to mitigate the detrimental consequences of chronic stress and cortisol dysregulation in these conditions.","doi":"10.3390/cells12232726","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5c9a6abb3e1f30e694425d16fce0e8df4e387499","result_position":0,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":251506926,"title":"The Relationship between Stress, Inflammation, and Depression","venue":"Biomedicines","year":2022,"authors":["I. Kim","Jae-Hon Lee","Seon-Cheol Park"],"abstract":"A narrative review about the relationship between stress, inflammation, and depression is made as follows: Chronic stress leads to various stress-related diseases such as depression. Although most human diseases are related to stress exposure, the common pathways between stress and pathophysiological processes of different disorders are still debatable. Chronic inflammation is a crucial component of chronic diseases, including depression. Both experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated that an increase in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and stress hormones, such as glucocorticoids, substantially contributes to the behavioral alterations associated with depression. Evidence suggests that inflammation plays a key role in the pathology of stress-related diseases; however, this link has not yet been completely explored. In this study, we aimed to determine the role of inflammation in stress-induced diseases and whether a common pathway for depression exists. Recent studies support pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment approaches significantly associated with ameliorating depression-related inflammation. In addition, major depression can be associated with an activated immune system, whereas antidepressants can exert immunomodulatory effects. Moreover, non-pharmacological treatments for major depression (i.e., exercise) may be mediated by anti-inflammatory actions. This narrative review highlights the mechanisms underlying inflammation and provides new insights into the prevention and treatment of stress-related diseases, particularly depression.","doi":"10.3390/biomedicines10081929","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/561661143e477f5d6802e524afb795df9ca3b70d","result_position":1,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":53782733,"title":"Inflammation–Nature's Way to Efficiently Respond to All Types of Challenges: Implications for Understanding and Managing “the Epidemic” of Chronic Diseases","venue":"Frontiers in Medicine","year":2018,"authors":["J. Bennett","G. Reeves","G. Billman","J. Sturmberg"],"abstract":"Siloed or singular system approach to disease management is common practice, developing out of traditional medical school education. Textbooks of medicine describe a huge number of discrete diseases, usually in a systematic fashion following headings like etiology, pathology, investigations, differential diagnoses, and management. This approach suggests that the body has a multitude of ways to respond to harmful incidences. However, physiology and systems biology provide evidence that there is a simple mechanism behind this phenotypical variability. Regardless if an injury or change was caused by trauma, infection, non-communicable disease, autoimmune disorders, or stress, the typical physiological response is: an increase in blood supply to the area, an increase in white cells into the affected tissue, an increase in phagocytic activity to remove the offending agent, followed by a down-regulation of these mechanisms resulting in healing. The cascade of inflammation is the body‘s unique mechanism to maintain its integrity in response to macroscopic as well as microscopic injuries. We hypothesize that chronic disease development and progression are linked to uncontrolled or dysfunctional inflammation to injuries regardless of their nature, physical, environmental, or psychological. Thus, we aim to reframe the prevailing approach of management of individual diseases into a more integrated systemic approach of treating the “person as a whole,” enhancing the patient experience, ability to a make necessary changes, and maximize overall health and well-being. The first part of the paper reviews the local immune cascades of pro- and anti-inflammatory regulation and the interconnected feedback loops with neural and psychological pathways. The second part emphasizes one of nature's principles at work—system design and efficiency. Continually overwhelming this finely tuned system will result in systemic inflammation allowing chronic diseases to emerge; the pathways of several common conditions are described in detail. The final part of the paper considers the implications of these understandings for clinical care and explore how this lens could shape the physician-patient encounter and health system redesign. We conclude that healthcare professionals must advocate for an anti-inflammatory lifestyle at the patient level as well as at the local and national levels to enhance population health and well-being.","doi":"10.3389/fmed.2018.00316","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4d5979b19dd94c0cbd02a13c8d8d953abb415c2d","result_position":2,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":212679421,"title":"The role of neuroinflammation on pathogenesis of affective disorders","venue":"Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation","year":2020,"authors":["Sung-Ja Rhie","Eun-Yee Jung","I. Shim"],"abstract":"Accumulating evidence suggests that neuroinflammation plays an important role in etiology of psychiatric disorders. Neuronflammation involves a combination of psychological, neuroendocrine, and nervous systems resulting in changes of neurotransmitter metabolism, dysregulation of the hypothalamuspituitary-adrenal axis, pathologic microglial cell activation, impaired neuroplasticity, and structural and functional brain changes affecting cognition and emotional behavior. Inflammatory cytokines have been postulated to be the possible link and culprit in the disruption of these systems. The outcome of any type of dysregulation of the immune system in the brain might lead to occurrence of depression, anxiety. This review focuses on the possible impact of dysregulated cytokine networks which may cause pathogenesis of affective disorders such as depression and anxiety.","doi":"10.12965/jer.2040016.008","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d99e7caa2cbbaaf2a317dfb465d6181a11ac10be","result_position":3,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":277479866,"title":"Neuroinflammation—A Crucial Factor in the Pathophysiology of Depression—A Comprehensive Review","venue":"Biomolecules","year":2025,"authors":["A. Sălcudean","C. Bodo","R. Popovici","M. Cozma","Mariana Păcurar","R. Craciun","A. Crișan","V. Enătescu","Ileana Marinescu","D. Cîmpian","Andreea-Georgiana Nan","A. Sasu","R. Anculia","E. Strete"],"abstract":"Depression is a multifactorial psychiatric condition with complex pathophysiology, increasingly linked to neuroinflammatory processes. The present review explores the role of neuroinflammation in depression, focusing on glial cell activation, cytokine signaling, blood–brain barrier dysfunction, and disruptions in neurotransmitter systems. The article highlights how inflammatory mediators influence brain regions implicated in mood regulation, such as the hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex. The review further discusses the involvement of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, oxidative stress, and the kynurenine pathway, providing mechanistic insights into how chronic inflammation may underlie emotional and cognitive symptoms of depression. The bidirectional relationship between inflammation and depressive symptoms is emphasized, along with the role of peripheral immune responses and systemic stress. By integrating molecular, cellular, and neuroendocrine perspectives, this review supports the growing field of immunopsychiatry and lays the foundation for novel diagnostic biomarkers and anti-inflammatory treatment approaches in depression. Further research in this field holds promise for developing more effective and personalized interventions for individuals suffering from depression.","doi":"10.3390/biom15040502","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/34f64e76046f548753bf63044aee0aee745f984b","result_position":4,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":16685322,"title":"A Possible Change Process of Inflammatory Cytokines in the Prolonged Chronic Stress and Its Ultimate Implications for Health","venue":"TheScientificWorldJournal","year":2014,"authors":["Rui Tian","Gonglin Hou","Dan Li","T. Yuan"],"abstract":"Sustained stress triggers series of changes in the brain and the body. At the early stage of stress, the activated hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) axis can upregulate the levels of glucocorticoid (GCs) and catecholamines (CAs), respectively, and then they in turn inhibit the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines directly or indirectly while promoting the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines. At the prolonged stage, the sustained activated HPA demonstrates cortisol-resistance. At the same time, the inflammation related transcription pathway, such as nuclear-factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling, may be inhibited. Additionally, the inflammatory cytokines mediate a negative feedback regulation on themselves. Collectively, these regulations may increase the proinflammatory cytokines while decreasing the anti-inflammatory cytokines. This may further activate NF-κB and increase the proinflammation cytokines, which in turn reduce the inflammatory responses, contributing to various diseases.","doi":"10.1155/2014/780616","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ab3c8eb82bf472ffa57b76cf40499393bdca0563","result_position":5,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":229324654,"title":"Cortisol level dysregulation and its prevalence—Is it nature's alarm clock?","venue":"Physiological Reports","year":2020,"authors":["Carol Jones","C. Gwenin"],"abstract":"This review examines the stress hormone cortisol which plays an important role in regulating and supporting different bodily functions. Disruption in cortisol production has an impact on health and this review looks at a wide range of papers where cortisol has been indicated as a factor in numerous chronic conditions—especially those which are classed as “noncommunicable diseases” (NCDs). Timely detection, screening, and treatment for NCDs are vital to address the growing problem of NCDs worldwide—this would have health and socioeconomic benefits. Interestingly, many of the papers highlight the pro‐inflammatory consequences of cortisol dysregulation and its deleterious effects on the body. This is particularly relevant given the recent findings concerning COVID‐19 where pro‐inflammatory cytokines have been implicated in severe inflammation.","doi":"10.14814/phy2.14644","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7b1c5a32dc7e9a80e295828ab367cedc7d418000","result_position":6,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":207945786,"title":"Anorexia Nervosa and the Immune System—A Narrative Review","venue":"Journal of Clinical Medicine","year":2019,"authors":["Dennis Gibson","P. Mehler"],"abstract":"The pathogenesis of an increasing number of chronic diseases is being attributed to effects of the immune system. However, its role in the development and maintenance of anorexia nervosa is seemingly under-appreciated. Yet, in examining the available research on the immune system and genetic studies in anorexia nervosa, one becomes increasingly suspicious of the immune system’s potential role in the pathophysiology of anorexia nervosa. Specifically, research is suggestive of increased levels of various pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as the spontaneous production of tumor necrosis factor in anorexia nervosa; genetic studies further support a dysregulated immune system in this disorder. Potential contributors to this dysregulated immune system are discussed including increased oxidative stress, chronic physiological/psychological stress, changes in the intestinal microbiota, and an abnormal bone marrow microenvironment, all of which are present in anorexia nervosa.","doi":"10.3390/jcm8111915","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1b4690c8c932ced50722e384f1cdfc9b0d2f0e9c","result_position":7,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":7218251,"title":"A functional genomic fingerprint of chronic stress in humans: blunted glucocorticoid and increased NF-kappaB signaling.","venue":"Biological Psychiatry","year":2008,"authors":["G. Miller","E. Chen","J. Sze","Teresa J Marin","J. Arevalo","R. Doll","R. Má","S. Cole"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.03.017","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0552f4b180e781ee3dfb1bf0059de9521116d2dd","result_position":8,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":221109843,"title":"Psychological Stress: A Predisposing and Exacerbating Factor in Periodontitis","venue":"Current Oral Health Reports","year":2020,"authors":["Anna Spector","T. Postolache","F. Akram","Alison J. Scott","A. Wadhawan","M. Reynolds"],"abstract":"This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of the interactions between psychological stress, the immune system, and periodontitis, including the dynamic role of host stress responses in altering immune function, altering the oral microbiome and biofilm formation, and promoting local and systemic disease progression. Within the context of periodontal health and disease, stress leads to an impairment of effective antimicrobial defense, shifts in oral microbiome profiles toward more pathogenic gene expression and taxa composition, increased translocation, and biofilm formation. The link between stress and periodontitis is multiform and includes hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and catecholamine activation, production of immune mediators of inflammation and, clinically, syndromes of depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, and sleep-wake disorders. Psychological stress appears to be an important modifiable risk factor for the development and progression of periodontitis and other periodontal diseases.","doi":"10.1007/s40496-020-00282-2","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dd4636301117487b19723fc89386d5b62ed64964","result_position":9,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":272743905,"title":"Neurobiological Implications of Chronic Stress and Metabolic Dysregulation in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases","venue":"Diseases","year":2024,"authors":["Aleksandar Sič","Kiana Cvetkovic","Eshanika Manchanda","N. Knezevic"],"abstract":"Chronic stress is a significant factor affecting modern society, with profound implications for both physical and mental health. Central to the stress response is cortisol, a glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal glands. While cortisol release is adaptive in acute stress, prolonged exposure to elevated levels can result in adverse effects. This manuscript explores the neurobiological implications of chronic stress and its impact on metabolic dysregulation, particularly in the context of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis regulates cortisol production, which influences metabolism, immune response, and neurobiology. Elevated cortisol levels are associated with the development and exacerbation of metabolic disorders like IBD and contribute to neurodegenerative processes, including cognitive impairments and increased susceptibility to psychiatric conditions. The interaction between cortisol and its receptors, particularly glucocorticoid receptors, underscores the complexity of these effects. This review aims to elucidate the mechanisms through which chronic stress and cortisol dysregulation impact metabolic health and neurobiological function, providing insights into potential therapeutic strategies for mitigating these effects.","doi":"10.3390/diseases12090220","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e7c14b367afc0c02276b980aaa72f01568e9a274","result_position":10,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":251193964,"title":"The Impact of Mental Stress on Cardiovascular Health—Part II","venue":"Journal of Clinical Medicine","year":2022,"authors":["M. Henein","Sergio Vancheri","Giovanni Longo","F. Vancheri"],"abstract":"Endothelial dysfunction is one of the earliest manifestations of atherosclerosis, contributing to its development and progression. Mental stress induces endothelial dysfunction through increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system, release of corticotropin-releasing hormone from the hypothalamus, inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis by cortisol, and increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Mental-stress-induced increased output of the sympathetic nervous system and concomitant withdrawal of the parasympathetic inflammatory reflex results in systemic inflammation and activation of a neural–hematopoietic–arterial axis. This includes the brainstem and subcortical regions network, bone marrow activation, release of leukocytes into the circulation and their migration to the arterial wall and atherosclerotic plaques. Low-grade, sterile inflammation is involved in all steps of atherogenesis, from coronary plaque formation to destabilisation and rupture. Increased sympathetic tone may cause arterial smooth-muscle-cell proliferation, resulting in vascular hypertrophy, thus contributing to the development of hypertension. Emotional events also cause instability of cardiac repolarisation due to brain lateralised imbalance of cardiac autonomic nervous stimulation, which may lead to asymmetric repolarisation and arrhythmia. Acute emotional stress can also provoke severe catecholamine release, leading to direct myocyte injury due to calcium overload, known as myocytolysis, coronary microvascular vasoconstriction, and an increase in left ventricular afterload. These changes can trigger a heart failure syndrome mimicking acute myocardial infarction, characterised by transient left ventricular dysfunction and apical ballooning, known as stress (Takotsubo) cardiomyopathy. Women are more prone than men to develop mental-stress-induced myocardial ischemia (MSIMI), probably reflecting gender differences in brain activation patterns during mental stress. Although guidelines on CV prevention recognise psychosocial factors as risk modifiers to improve risk prediction and decision making, the evidence that their assessment and treatment will prevent CAD needs further evaluation.","doi":"10.3390/jcm11154405","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/eaed9edcd48a8ca9921e8e3af2b9581cf6902be9","result_position":11,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":243809826,"title":"Overtraining from a sports psychiatry perspective","venue":"Deutsche Zeitschrift für Sportmedizin/German Journal of Sports Medicine","year":2021,"authors":["A. Schorb","J. Niebauer","W. Aichhorn","G. Schiepek","J. Scherr","M. Claussen"],"abstract":"Overtraining is characterized by a mismatch between exerted strain and exercise tolerance. Overtraining is generally not sufficiently feared nor is enough attention paid to its prevention. As a result, the first warning signals and symptoms are often either perceived too late or there is a delay in the correct interpretation of signs. This often leads to negative consequences over months, which, in turn, can lead to more frequent injuries as well as Depression. Due to the increasing professionalism and density of competition in competitive sports, overtraining occurs more frequently as athletes are left with a shorter period of time to recover. In order to treat overtraining, it is first necessary to identify the syndrome. Symptoms are often disregarded and trainers and athletes attempt to compensate for poor performance with excessive training. This leads to a vicious cycle with significant reduction of the overall performance of the athlete as a consequence. Psychological parameters can also be signs of non-func-tional overload. Examples include restlessness, irritability, emotional instability, recurring states of fear, emerging indifference or reduced performance motivation. However, disturbed cognitive processes as an impairment of central elements of movement control can also occur. As part of sports psychiatric support, conspicuous psychological parameters can be recorded and contextualised. The Synergetic Navigation System (SNS) is available for systematic recording and corresponding process management. The Synergetic Navigation System (SNS) can be used as an instrument for load, training and competition control to prevent non-functional overload and overtraining. It is also suitable for promoting performance and preventing injuries as well as stabilizing the psychological structure. Key Words: Mental Health Symptoms, Mental Disorders, Injury Prevention, Exercise Intolerance, Synergetic Navigation System (SNS)","doi":"10.5960/dzsm.2021.496","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3182f6ff202b7559586b23c85e012acd6d7921ae","result_position":12,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":276363426,"title":"Chronic Stress and Headaches: The Role of the HPA Axis and Autonomic Nervous System","venue":"Biomedicines","year":2025,"authors":["Aleksandar Sič","Marko Bogicevic","Nebojsa Brezic","Clara Nemr","N. Knezevic"],"abstract":"Chronic stress significantly influences the pathogenesis of headache disorders, affecting millions worldwide. This review explores the intricate relationship between stress and headaches, focusing on the dysregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and autonomic nervous system (ANS). Persistent stress could lead to neuroinflammation, increased pain sensitivity, and vascular changes that could contribute to headache development and progression. The bidirectional nature of this relationship creates a vicious cycle, with recurrent headaches becoming a source of additional stress. Dysregulation of the HPA axis and ANS imbalance could amplify susceptibility to headaches, intensifying their frequency and severity. While pharmacological interventions remain common, non-pharmacological approaches targeting stress reduction, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, biofeedback, and relaxation techniques, offer promising avenues for comprehensive headache management. By addressing the underlying stress-related mechanisms, these approaches provide a sustainable strategy to reduce headache frequency and improve patients’ quality of life.","doi":"10.3390/biomedicines13020463","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/639244ef138a464450e26d43f5e7006474727313","result_position":13,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":250612112,"title":"A narrative review on yoga: a potential intervention for augmenting immunomodulation and mental health in COVID-19","venue":"BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies","year":2022,"authors":["Indranill Basu-Ray","K. Metri","D. Khanra","R. Revankar","K. Chinnaiyan","Nagaratna Raghuram","M. Mishra","B. Patwardhan","Manjunath N. K. Sharma","I. Basavaraddi","A. Anand","Shrinath Reddy","K. Deepak","M. Levy","Sue Theus","Glenn N. Levine","H. Cramer","G. Fricchione","Nagendra R. Hongasandra"],"abstract":"Background The ongoing novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has a significant mortality rate of 3–5%. The principal causes of multiorgan failure and death are cytokine release syndrome and immune dysfunction. Stress, anxiety, and depression has been aggravated by the pandemic and its resultant restrictions in day-to-day life which may contribute to immune dysregulation. Thus, immunity strengthening and the prevention of cytokine release syndrome are important for preventing and minimizing mortality in COVID-19 patients. However, despite a few specific remedies that now exist for the SARS-CoV-2virus, the principal modes of prevention include vaccination, masking, and holistic healing methods, such as yoga. Currently, extensive research is being conducted to better understand the neuroendocrinoimmunological mechanisms by which yoga alleviates stress and inflammation. This review article explores the anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating potentials of yoga, along with its role in reducing risk for immune dysfunction and impaired mental health. Methods We conducted this narrative review from published literature in MEDLINE, EMBASE, COCHRANE databases. Screening was performed for titles and abstracts by two independent review authors; potentially eligible citations were retrieved for full-text review. References of included articles and articles of major non-indexed peer reviewed journals were searched for relevance by two independent review authors. A third review author checked the excluded records. All disagreements were resolved through discussion amongst review authors or through adjudication by a fourth review author. Abstracts, editorials, conference proceedings and clinical trial registrations were excluded. Observations Yoga is a nonpharmacological, cost-effective, and safe intervention associated with several health benefits. Originating in ancient India, this vast discipline consists of postures (asanas), breathing techniques (pranayama), meditation (dhyana/dharana), and relaxation. Studies have demonstrated yoga’s ability to bolster innate immunity and to inhibit cytokine release syndrome. As an intervention, yoga has been shown to improve mental health, as it alleviates anxiety, depression, and stress and enhances mindfulness, self-control, and self-regulation. Yoga has been correlated with numerous cardioprotective effects, which also may play a role in COVID-19 by preventing lung and cardiac injury. Conclusion and relevance This review paves the path for further research on yoga as a potential intervention for enhancing innate immunity and mental health and thus its role in prevention and adjunctive treatment in COVID-19.","doi":"10.1186/s12906-022-03666-2","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1a4adbac81cfb13348da6e3698005765f71c7568","result_position":14,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":273713948,"title":"Stress and stress responses: A narrative literature review from physiological mechanisms to intervention approaches","venue":"Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology","year":2024,"authors":["F. Ghasemi","David Q Beversdorf","Keith C. Herman"],"abstract":"Stress, an inevitable aspect of human existence, triggers complex physiological and behavioral responses aimed at maintaining internal equilibrium. It requires a multifaceted understanding encompassing its physiological, pathophysiological, and behavioral dimensions to inform effective treatment approaches. This narrative literature review attempts to understand the evolution of research on stress, from its historical roots to current physiological, pathophysiological, and conceptual understandings. Pathophysiological consequences of chronic stress, including cardiovascular disease and immune system dysregulation, highlight the need for comprehensive prevention and intervention strategies. The results demonstrate the importance of adopting a holistic approach to stress management, combining pharmacological interventions with psychological therapies such as cognitive-behavioral therapy and other third-wave approaches. For chronic stress, long-term strategies focusing on lifestyle modifications, social support, and coping skills enhancement are recommended, whereas acute stress may benefit from immediate pharmacological interventions to mitigate physiological arousal and promote relaxation. The review results also indicate the significance of the biopsychosocial framework in understanding stress by acknowledging its multifaceted nature, emphasizing the effectiveness and sustainability of diverse intervention strategies, and highlighting the role of societal factors in shaping stress experiences and treatment outcomes. Further research is warranted to clarify the mechanisms underlying stress responses and refine intervention strategies for optimal efficacy and sustainability.","doi":"10.1177/18344909241289222","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/669ad8883ca1c11b03aa1247c274acb9a267a906","result_position":15,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":275848461,"title":"Sex Differences in the Associations Among Early Life Adversity, Inflammation, and Cognition","venue":"Biomolecules","year":2025,"authors":["E. Logue","Charles B. Nemeroff"],"abstract":"Early life adversity (ELA) has long been recognized to negatively impact a variety of health outcomes, with increasingly recognized long-term implications for neurocognitive function. ELA may affect the brain through multiple mechanisms, including chronic inflammation. One potential moderator of the pathway from ELA to neuroinflammation to cognitive dysfunction is sex. ELA may leave females potentially even more vulnerable to cognitive impairment in later life. This review discusses the influence of ELA on cognitive function across much of the lifespan, how inflammation is implicated in this process, and the current state of knowledge regarding sex differences in these relationships. We conclude with a discussion of unanswered questions and suggestions for future research, including the incorporation of genetic data.","doi":"10.3390/biom15020161","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bd77668da726604ce122f7a4a2205994deb85cf0","result_position":16,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":279405604,"title":"Research Progress on Inflammation and Immune Dysregulation in PTSD","venue":"Brain and Behavior","year":2025,"authors":["Luodong Yang","Jiaying Lu","Zhiqiang Zhao","Ziwei Zhang","Weiliang Yang","Guiqing Zhang"],"abstract":"Post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe psychological condition triggered by traumatic events, commonly characterized by symptoms such as re‐experiencing traumatic memories, avoidance, hyperarousal, and disturbances in cognition and emotions. While PTSD is often viewed through a psychological lens, increasing evidence highlights its strong association with immune system dysfunction and inflammation. This narrative review summarizes recent research progress on the role of inflammation and immune dysregulation in PTSD, highlighting key findings and their implications for understanding the pathophysiology of the disorder.","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70633","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3b804a514536eba8e6a46995cd02566da0194ab2","result_position":17,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":279264495,"title":"Psychoneuroimmunological Evidence for Biological Embedding During Early Adolescence","venue":"Developmental Psychobiology","year":2025,"authors":["E. Jopling","K. Rnic","A. Tracy","J. LeMoult"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT Adolescence is a period of vulnerability wherein stress can become biologically embedded in ways that impact long‐term trajectories of mental and physical health. In particular, stressors are transduced into physiological changes via the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis in ways that can impact both physical and mental health. However, there continues to be uncertainty regarding how to best differentiate and understand well‐regulated HPA axis reactivity to stress from dysregulated HPA axis reactivity. One promising approach involves examining multiple biomarkers; indeed, there is evidence that dysregulation of the HPA axis profoundly influences the regulation of the immune system. A cohort of adolescent youth was followed across two ubiquitous stressors—the transition to high school and the COVID‐19 pandemic. Nuanced longitudinal associations between HPA axis activity (i.e., cortisol) and immune system activity (i.e., panel of inflammatory markers) were examined. Findings provide evidence of biological specificity wherein HPA axis hyperactivity during the COVID‐19 pandemic was associated with elevated levels of an empirically derived inflammatory composite, which may be driven by elevations in tumor necrosis factor‐alpha, interleukin‐6, and c‐reactive protein. The current work advances the literature on allostatic load and the glucocorticoid‐resistance model in youth. By extending our current understanding of how stress influences adolescent well‐being, it also has important implications for mental and physical health prevention and intervention efforts.","doi":"10.1002/dev.70052","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/52c9aeaa8b3a3a9c3e57019bff9ff8af8d2fc11d","result_position":18,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":252650069,"title":"On the Role of Psychoneuroimmunology in Oral Medicine","venue":"International Dental Journal","year":2022,"authors":["Lennart Seizer","C. Schubert"],"abstract":"Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is an area of interdisciplinary research exploring the complex interactions within the immuno-neuro-endocrine system in response to psychosocial influences. Such influences can trigger neurological changes, leading to immunological effects related to the emergence and course of various diseases. This concise clinical review explores the role of PNI in oral medicine in three exemplary models of oral disease: periodontitis, herpes labialis, and oral lichen planus. Previous literature has shown that psychosocial stress is related to exacerbations in these three oral diseases and to poorer overall oral health. The presumed biological mechanisms affect the activity of stress axes, i.e. the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), and subsequent immune system dysregulation. Although these PNI mechanisms remain poorly understood, several stress reduction interventions in clinical oral medicine have already yielded promising results. In future work, the elucidation of pathways within PNI networks will require carefully designed studies with sensitive methodology, e.g. the integrative single-case design. A biopsychosocial approach has the potential to move disease models in oral medicine from simple connections rooted in empirical dualism and reductionism to the establishment of network-based models. Further research on these complex connections should lead to novel clinical approaches and preventive strategies in oral medicine.","doi":"10.1016/j.identj.2022.07.002","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c1b8e5090f23b0e5d033041547dc4fb3cac6c6ef","result_position":19,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":277376894,"title":"The Impact of Stress on Autoimmune Disorders: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus","venue":"Cureus","year":2025,"authors":["A. A. Alzaabi","F. Alzaabi","Dana J Al Tarawneh","Yusuf J Al Tarawneh","Abdallah Khan","Mohammed Abdul Muqsit Khan","T. Siddiqui","R. Siddiqui","Syed Muhammad Hayyan Nishat","S. W. Siddiqui"],"abstract":"Autoimmune disorders, including type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), are influenced by a combination of genetic, environmental, and immunological factors. Among these, stress, both physical and psychological, has been increasingly recognized as a significant contributor to disease onset and progression. This review explores the current literature on the relationship between stress and autoimmune diseases, focusing on the neuroendocrine pathways, such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and the effects of glucocorticoids on immune modulation. These mechanisms contribute to clinical manifestations, such as disease flares or progression, highlighting the impact of stress on patient outcomes. Evidence suggests that psychological stress can precipitate the onset of T1DM in genetically predisposed individuals, with immune disruptions occurring before diagnosis. In SLE, both acute and chronic stress, particularly trauma-induced stress, has been linked to increased disease activity and flare-ups, largely due to stress-induced immune dysregulation that disrupts the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Despite the substantial evidence supporting the role of stress in autoimmune disease exacerbation, further research is necessary to fully understand the mechanisms by which stress influences autoimmune diseases and to develop effective stress management.","doi":"10.7759/cureus.81228","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/984a66fca4dada7b61daf1d1a07ba0168fc536bd","result_position":20,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":267951820,"title":"Pathophysiology of depression: inflammation and its relation with oxidative stress and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis","venue":"Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University","year":2024,"authors":["Engy Nady","M. El-Derany","Haidy Michel","E. El-demerdash"],"abstract":"Depression is well-known to be a widespread, disabling mental disorder. Despite the many theories that have been put forth to explain the underlying pathophysiology of depression, the exact pathophysiology remains uncertain. In this review, we aim to summarize pathophysiological pathways and experimental animal models for depression, focusing mainly on inflammatory pathways. Stress is a well-known predisposing factor for depression. So, we aim to demonstrate the link between stress and inflammation in depression pathophysiology, highlighting the role of microglia activation, the release of proinflammatory cytokines, and the production of neurotoxic metabolites. We also aim to show the link between inflammation and the disturbance of serotonin, which is also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and norepinephrine (NE) levels in the brain. Activated microglia produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which further enhances the inflammatory response. Additionally, we aim to illustrate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity that occurs as a result of stressful conditions and the consequent resistance of glucocorticoid receptors (GRs), leading to the failure of glucocorticoids to suppress inflammation. We also aim to demonstrate experimental animal models of depression that are based on psychological stress, such as the maternal separation model and the social defeat stress (SDS) model, as well as reviewing the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inflammation-based model. We also aim to briefly review the widely used chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model.","doi":"10.21608/aps.2024.249632.1143","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/50d06286d56e2d4aafbca880ce96c50541aae50c","result_position":21,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":250443191,"title":"The role of inflammatory markers and cortisol in the association between early social cognition abilities and later internalising or externalising problems: Evidence from a U.K. birth cohort.","venue":"Brain, behavior, and immunity","year":2022,"authors":["D. Ji","M. Francesconi","Flouri","E. Papachristou"],"abstract":"OBJECTIVE\nDeficits in social cognition are associated with internalising (emotional and peer problems) and externalising (conduct problems and hyperactivity/inattention) symptoms in youth. It has been suggested that stress may be one of the mechanisms underlying these associations. However, no empirical studies have investigated if physiological stress can explain the prospective associations between social cognition deficits and internalising and externalising symptoms in the general youth population. This study addressed this question and focused on two indicators of physiological stress, dysregulated diurnal cortisol patterns and systemic inflammation.\n\n\nMETHOD\nParticipants were 714 individuals from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a UK population-based birth cohort. Bayesian structural equation modelling was used to investigate a) the associations of social cognition abilities at ages 8, 11, and 14 years with internalising and externalising problems at age 17 years and b) the potential mediating effects of cortisol parameters at age 15 years and inflammatory markers [interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP)] at ages 9 and 16 years.\n\n\nRESULTS\nWe found that social cognition difficulties were associated with later internalising and externalising problems. Flattened diurnal cortisol slope was associated with hyperactivity/inattention problems two years later. Lower morning cortisol partially mediated the direct association between social communication deficits at 8 years and hyperactivity/inattention and conduct problems at 17 years, even after adjustments for inflammation and confounders (for hyperactivity/inattention: indirect effect = 0.07, 95% CI [0.00, 0.18], p = .042; for conduct problems: indirect effect = 0.04, 95% CI [0.00, 0.11], p = .040). We did not find a significant association between systemic inflammation and social cognition difficulties, internalising problems, or externalising problems.\n\n\nCONCLUSION\nOur findings suggest that part of the effect of social communication difficulties in childhood on externalising problems in adolescence was mediated by lower morning cortisol. Hence, our study indicates that the hypoactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis may be one of the physiological mechanisms linking some social cognition deficits to externalising problems.","doi":"10.1016/j.bbi.2022.07.002","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f12a8ee0ec8368f75e645d2f6bfb947871ad2e14","result_position":22,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":269315894,"title":"Exploring the Relationship between Psychoneuroimmunology and Oral Diseases: A Comprehensive Review and Analysis","venue":"Journal of Lifestyle Medicine","year":2024,"authors":["A. Ganesan","Gautham Kumar","Jeevitha Gauthaman","K. Lakshmi","Yesoda Aniyan Kumbalaparambil"],"abstract":"The relationship between psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) and oral health has recently garnered increasing attention due to the intricate interaction among psychological factors, the nervous system, immune responses, and oral diseases. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the multifaceted connections between PNI and various oral conditions and conduct an in-depth analysis. Psychological factors, such as stress, anxiety, and depression, have been linked to oral microbiome alterations and immune function and the development and progression of oral diseases, such as periodontal disorders, oral ulcers, and temporomandibular disorders. Conversely, oral health conditions, particularly chronic periodontitis, have been associated with systemic inflammation, affecting mental health and overall well-being through neuroendocrine–immune pathways. Moreover, neural mechanisms, including the brain–gut axis and the autonomic nervous system, significantly influenced oral health through immune modulation and inflammatory responses. Understanding these complex interactions has implications for therapeutic interventions that target both psychological well-being and oral health outcomes. This review synthesizes current research findings from various disciplines, including immunology, neuroscience, dentistry, and psychology, to offer a comprehensive understanding of the bidirectional relationship between PNI and oral diseases. The implications of these interactions on treatment strategies, preventive measures, and interdisciplinary approaches underscore the need for integrated healthcare models that address psychological and oral health aspects to improve outcomes and quality of life in patients.","doi":"10.15280/jlm.2024.14.1.13","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6d1c94ae7983f281f868b662621263376d875134","result_position":23,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":261478793,"title":"Multiple sclerosis with comorbidity depression and its association with vitamin D deficiency in a narrative review of the current literature","venue":"Exploration of Neuroscience","year":2023,"authors":["H. Goischke"],"abstract":"Over the past decade, knowledge of the pathophysiology and immunology of multiple sclerosis (MS) and depression, and the complex links to vitamin D (VitD) balance, has increased rapidly. Both diseases are characterized by an imbalance of proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines, increased serum neurofilament light chains (sNfLs), disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), abolition of the physiological function of the various types of microglia (MG), decreased calcidiol-serum levels, and disorders of the gut microbiome in combination with hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis/microbiome-gut-brain-axis characterized. In depression, stress initiates cellular and molecular changes in the brain via increased cortisol release in the HPA-axis. Microglial activation and neuronal damage as well as dysregulation of neuroplastic and neurotrophic factors complete the spectrum of pathological damage. It is shown that gut dysbiosis leads to increased gut permeability, which favors endotoxemia and ultimately paves the way to systemic inflammation. A VitD supplementation could restore the balance of microorganisms in the intestine and reduce the inflammatory processes at various levels. VitD promotes regulatory T cell (Treg) proliferation, inhibits the expression of T helper 1 (Th1) cells and Th17 immune cells, and inhibits proinflammatory interleukin-17 (IL-17). 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] reduces also the secretion of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Increased calcitriol levels lead to a reduction in MG activation, oxidative stress, and lower BBB permeability. An early, permanent, daily sufficient VitD supplementation as an add-on therapy under control of the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [s25(OH)D] levels is an essential therapeutic tool to slow down the disability caused by MS and thereby primarily prevent or reduce the stress and subsequently the manifestation of depression. Through the future continuous measurement of the biomarkers serum neurofilament ligth chains and glial fibrillary acidic proteins as well as the s25(OH)D level in MS and comorbidity depression, future therapy successes or failures can be avoided.","doi":"10.37349/en.2023.00020","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c14ff134ef760a0aaadc82064eaf6e5a8ea07797","result_position":24,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":239886660,"title":"Medical students’ positive perception towards vaccination is strongly correlated to protective diphtheria antibody after Td vaccination","venue":"Brain, behavior, & immunity - health","year":2021,"authors":["E. Pranggono","M. R. Tiara","Tohari Catur Pamungkas","Esti Syafriati","K. Mutyara","R. Wisaksana"],"abstract":"Negative perception towards vaccination is one of the reasons for low coverage of diphtheria immunization in Indonesia. Perception, which is difficult to change, is related to stress level, possibly influences outcome of diseases, and also vaccination. This study aims to identify the correlation between perception of diphtheria vaccination and antibody response after vaccination. This study used secondary data from two unpublished studies on 30 medical interns in Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, West Java, after diphtheria outbreak, from June to July 2019. Antibody level after diphtheria emergency vaccination was measured using ELISA and perception towards vaccination was measured using a questionnaire. Perception towards vaccination was expressed as perception score and was divided into 4 components: perceived threat, benefit, barrier, and cues to action. Higher perception score indicated more positive perception towards vaccination. Diphtheria antibody level was grouped into reliable protection (≥0,10 IU/mL) or unreliable protection (<0,10 IU/mL). Statistical correlation analysis was done with GraphPad Prism version 7.0. Most of our subjects were female. Median age was 22 (20–24) years old. Median time elapsed between vaccination date and measurement of antibody level was 18 (6–18) months. Median antibody level was 0,28 (0,09–3,47) IU/mL. Twenty-three subjects (82,1%) had reliable protection. Subjects with reliable protection had more positive perception compared to unreliable protection (perception score 80,6 ± 5,4 vs 69,0 ± 1,8, p = 0,0001). Subjects with reliable protection had less perceived barrier for vaccination (15,6 ± 2,1 vs 13,0 ± 1,8, p = 0,0083). Perception score showed strong, positive correlation to reliable protection against diphtheria (R = 0,705, p < 0,001). Perceived barrier and threat showed positive correlation to reliable protection (R = 0,489, p = 0,008 and R = 0,402, p = 0,034). In conclusion, perception towards diphtheria vaccination is strongly correlated to protective antibody. Improving perception of vaccination are needed to overcome vaccine hesitancy.","doi":"10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100362","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3310c39c1cb55d07d90e6a3cc67f8fc3126ee8ad","result_position":25,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":237988363,"title":"Work Stress, Dysbiosis, and Immune Dysregulation: The Interconnected Triad in COVID-19 Infection in the Medical Team Staff – A Mini-Review","venue":"Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure","year":2021,"authors":["S. Yousof","I. Tanvir","Eman Kolieb","Rasha Atta"],"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has hit most of the communities around the globe. Earlier researches have reported the psychological effects of pandemics either on the general populations or on specific communities such as students and health professionals. A scanty number of papers have focused on the interaction among complex factors underlying the pathogenesis of the disease. In this review, we aimed to integrate the accessible data about the possible mechanistic processes predisposing to COVID-19 infection in the health professions. We summarized these factors as “stress, microbiota, and immunity triad.” We utilized the PubMed database, Google, and Google Scholar search engines to search the literature related to combinations of these keywords: “pandemics, COVID-19, coronavirus, SARS-CoV2;” “gut microbiota, gut-lung axis, dysbiosis, nutrition;” “work stress, workload, health workers, health professions, and medical team;” and “immunity, cytokine storm, and viral load.” We detected no discussions combining the suggested triad concerning the medical team personnel. We cast light, for the first time to our knowledge, on the potential pathogenic role of “stress, microbiota, and immunity triad” in COVID-19-infected health workers.","doi":"10.4103/jmau.jmau_9_21","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8f56ef351a1225c9627ce8f58b8daf07de99ac9c","result_position":26,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":5410940,"title":"A systematic review of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis function in schizophrenia: implications for mortality","venue":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","year":2010,"authors":["A. Bradley","T. Dinan"],"abstract":"The objective of this study was to compare the effects of risperidone and olanzapine in schizophrenic patients with intolerant extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) on first generation antipsychotics. We conducted an 8-week, rater-blinded, flexible dose study. Seventy patients with schizophrenia, who met the DSM-IV research criteria of having neuroleptic-induced acute dystonia or parkinsonism, were randomly assigned to risperidone or olanzapine group. The primary outcome was a comparison of the incidence of concomitant anticholinergic drugs usage between the groups to manage their acute dystonia and parkinsonism. The average doses of risperidone and olanzapine from baseline to study end point were 1.8—3.5 mg/day and 7.7—11.7 mg/day, respectively. There were no significant differences in demographic data, severity of EPS or psychotic symptoms between the groups at baseline assessment. Patients taking risperidone had significantly higher incidence of using anticholinergic drugs to manage acute dystonia or parkinsonism overall during the study (OR = 5.17, 95%CI = 1.49—17.88, P = 0.013). There was no significant between-group difference in the changing of rating scales of EPS and psychotic symptoms. The results of our study favour olanzapine as a better choice in schizophrenic patients with intolerant EPS. Double-blinded, fixed dose and different ethnical study for EPS-intolerant schizophrenic patients is needed to confirm the results of our study.","doi":"10.1177/0269881108096070","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bb8301642258f3abf94870f86b68446fcac600e6","result_position":27,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":17113995,"title":"Toll-like receptor 4: innate immune regulator of neuroimmune and neuroendocrine interactions in stress and major depressive disorder","venue":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","year":2014,"authors":["Jiajun Liu","Femke TA Buisman-Pijlman","M. Hutchinson"],"abstract":"Major depressive disorder (MDD) poses one of the highest disease burdens worldwide. Yet, current treatments targeting serotonergic and noradrenaline reuptake systems are insufficient to provide long-term relief from depressive symptoms in most patients, indicating the need for new treatment targets. Having the ability to influence behavior similar to depressive symptoms, as well as communicate with neuronal and neuroendocrine systems, the innate immune system is a strong candidate for MDD treatments. Given the complex nature of immune signaling, the main question becomes: What is the role of the innate immune system in MDD? The current review presents evidence that toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), via driving both peripheral and central immune responses, can interact with serotonergic neurotransmission and cause neuroendocrine disturbances, thus integrating with widely observed hallmarks of MDD. Additionally, through describing the multi-directional communication between immune, neural and endocrine systems in stress, TLR4—related mechanisms can mediate stress-induced adaptations, which are necessary for the development of MDD. Therefore, apart from exogenous pathogenic mechanisms, TLR4 is involved in immune changes as a result of endogenous stress signals, playing an integral part in the pathophysiology, and could be a potential target for pharmacological treatments to improve current interventions for MDD.","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2014.00309","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b80f559af9ee0b590193734eeec0d90295549a0d","result_position":28,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":201187376,"title":"Psychoneuroimmunology and skin diseases","venue":"Rad Hrvatske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti Medicinske znanosti","year":2019,"authors":["L. Mihić"],"abstract":"Psychoneuroimmunology has emerged as a broad interdisciplinary field examining the interaction between the psychological state, the nervous system, the endocrine system, and the immune system. Psychodermatology or psychocutaneous medicine is an intersection of psychiatry, psychology and dermatology. There is a growing awareness of the connection between psychosocial stress and somatic illnesses, including dermatological diseases. Psychosomatic factors are considered significant in more than a third of people suffering from skin diseases. Communication between the psyche and the skin is a complex interaction of psychological, immunologic and endocrine factors with the skin, involving a number of neuropeptides, interleukins and immune system mediators. The skin, being the largest organ of the body, is equipped with metabolic and endocrinological capacities that facilitate homeostatic control between internal and external environments. In addition to psychosocial stress, factors relevant for a psychoneuroimmunological approach to skin diseases include nutrition, gut and skin microbiota, sleep and circadian rhythm, physical activity, and orthomolecular medicine. Knowledge of psychoneuroimmunological mechanisms and factors relevant for a holistic approach is very important for a better and broader understanding of skin diseases, and for better therapeutic outcomes for patients.","doi":"10.21857/Y6ZOLB8L7M","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cc6b60292442d1266374c838283749324827daca","result_position":29,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":1738765,"title":"The trajectory of life. Decreasing physiological network complexity through changing fractal patterns","venue":"Frontiers in Physiology","year":2015,"authors":["J. Sturmberg","J. Bennett","M. Picard","A. Seely"],"abstract":"In this position paper, we submit a synthesis of theoretical models based on physiology, non-equilibrium thermodynamics, and non-linear time-series analysis. Based on an understanding of the human organism as a system of interconnected complex adaptive systems, we seek to examine the relationship between health, complexity, variability, and entropy production, as it might be useful to help understand aging, and improve care for patients. We observe the trajectory of life is characterized by the growth, plateauing and subsequent loss of adaptive function of organ systems, associated with loss of functioning and coordination of systems. Understanding development and aging requires the examination of interdependence among these organ systems. Increasing evidence suggests network interconnectedness and complexity can be captured/measured/associated with the degree and complexity of healthy biologic rhythm variability (e.g., heart and respiratory rate variability). We review physiological mechanisms linking the omics, arousal/stress systems, immune function, and mitochondrial bioenergetics; highlighting their interdependence in normal physiological function and aging. We argue that aging, known to be characterized by a loss of variability, is manifested at multiple scales, within functional units at the small scale, and reflected by diagnostic features at the larger scale. While still controversial and under investigation, it appears conceivable that the integrity of whole body complexity may be, at least partially, reflected in the degree and variability of intrinsic biologic rhythms, which we believe are related to overall system complexity that may be a defining feature of health and it's loss through aging. Harnessing this information for the development of therapeutic and preventative strategies may hold an opportunity to significantly improve the health of our patients across the trajectory of life.","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2015.00169","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4e63f8c14d2ae72cdc51d3537be0c73e5b1c86f4","result_position":30,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":13380713,"title":"Relationships between inflammatory cytokine and cortisol responses in firefighters exposed to simulated wildfire suppression work and sleep restriction","venue":"Physiological Reports","year":2015,"authors":["A. Wolkow","B. Aisbett","J. Reynolds","S. Ferguson","L. Main"],"abstract":"The interplay between inflammatory and cortisol responses modulates an appropriate response to a stressor. Exposure to severe stressors, however, may alter the actions and relationships of these responses and contribute to negative health outcomes. Physical work and sleep restriction are two stressors faced by wildland firefighters, yet their influence on the relationship between inflammatory and cortisol responses is unknown. The aim of the present study was to quantify the relationship between the cytokine and cortisol responses to sleep restriction while performing simulated physical wildfire suppression work. Firefighters completed 3 days of simulated physical firefighting work separated by either an 8‐h (Control condition; n = 18) or 4‐h sleep (Sleep restriction condition; n = 17) opportunity on each of the two nights. Salivary cortisol and inflammatory cytokines (IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐1β, TNF‐α, IL‐4, and IL‐10) were measured throughout each day. An increase in morning IL‐6 was related to a rise (6.2%, P = 0.043) in evening cortisol among firefighters in the sleep restriction condition. Higher morning IL‐6 levels were related to increased (5.3%, P = 0.048) daily cortisol levels, but this relationship was not different between conditions. Less pronounced relationships were demonstrated between TNF‐α, IL‐10, IL‐4, and cortisol independent of the sleep opportunity, but relationships did not persist after adjusting for demographic factors and other cytokines. These findings quantify the relationship between cytokine and cortisol responses among wildland firefighters exposed to simulated occupational stressors. Potential disturbances to the IL‐6 and cortisol relationship among sleep‐restricted firefighters’ supports further investigations into the negative health effects related to possible imbalances between these systems.","doi":"10.14814/phy2.12604","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b4f24d9366396a1f00780a5dd038c41af8cc5612","result_position":31,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":252477669,"title":"New Insights into the Pivotal Role of the Amygdala in Inflammation-Related Depression and Anxiety Disorder","venue":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","year":2022,"authors":["Ping Hu","Ying-ling Lu","Bing-Xing Pan","Wen-Hua Zhang"],"abstract":"Depression and anxiety disorders are the two most prevalent psychiatric diseases that affect hundreds of millions of individuals worldwide. Understanding the etiology and related mechanisms is of great importance and might yield new therapeutic strategies to treat these diseases effectively. During the past decades, a growing number of studies have pointed out the importance of the stress-induced inflammatory response in the amygdala, a kernel region for processing emotional stimuli, as a potentially critical contributor to the pathophysiology of depression and anxiety disorders. In this review, we first summarized the recent progress from both animal and human studies toward understanding the causal link between stress-induced inflammation and depression and anxiety disorders, with particular emphasis on findings showing the effect of inflammation on the functional changes in neurons in the amygdala, at levels ranging from molecular signaling, cellular function, synaptic plasticity, and the neural circuit to behavior, as well as their contributions to the pathology of inflammation-related depression and anxiety disorders. Finally, we concluded by discussing some of the difficulties surrounding the current research and propose some issues worth future study in this field.","doi":"10.3390/ijms231911076","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/be9dd840be9ec05c96fdc8f22cb61c308d68daab","result_position":32,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":49557549,"title":"A Comprehensive Overview on Stress Neurobiology: Basic Concepts and Clinical Implications","venue":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","year":2018,"authors":["L. D. Godoy","M. T. Rossignoli","Polianna Delfino-Pereira","N. Garcia-Cairasco","Eduardo Henrique de Lima Umeoka"],"abstract":"Stress is recognized as an important issue in basic and clinical neuroscience research, based upon the founding historical studies by Walter Canon and Hans Selye in the past century, when the concept of stress emerged in a biological and adaptive perspective. A lot of research after that period has expanded the knowledge in the stress field. Since then, it was discovered that the response to stressful stimuli is elaborated and triggered by the, now known, stress system, which integrates a wide diversity of brain structures that, collectively, are able to detect events and interpret them as real or potential threats. However, different types of stressors engage different brain networks, requiring a fine-tuned functional neuroanatomical processing. This integration of information from the stressor itself may result in a rapid activation of the Sympathetic-Adreno-Medullar (SAM) axis and the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis, the two major components involved in the stress response. The complexity of the stress response is not restricted to neuroanatomy or to SAM and HPA axes mediators, but also diverge according to timing and duration of stressor exposure, as well as its short- and/or long-term consequences. The identification of neuronal circuits of stress, as well as their interaction with mediator molecules over time is critical, not only for understanding the physiological stress responses, but also to understand their implications on mental health.","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00127","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0a57325c5ad99579b9499d0d743980af188ac3e2","result_position":33,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":216072625,"title":"Role of enhanced glucocorticoid receptor sensitivity in inflammation in PTSD: Insights from a computational model for circadian-neuroendocrine-immune interactions","venue":"bioRxiv","year":2019,"authors":["P. Somvanshi","S. Mellon","R. Yehuda","J. Flory","L. Bierer","Iouri Makotkine","C. Marmar","M. Jett","Francis J. Doyle"],"abstract":"Although glucocorticoid resistance contributes to increased inflammation, individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) exhibit increased glucocorticoid receptor (GR) sensitivity along with increased inflammation. It is not clear how inflammation co-exists with a hyper-responsive hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis (HPA axis). To understand this better, we developed and analyzed an integrated mathematical model for the HPA axis and the immune system. We performed mathematical simulations for a dexamethasone suppression test and IC50-dexamethasone for cytokine suppression, by varying model parameters. The model analysis suggests that increasing the steepness of the dose response curve for GR activity may reduce anti-inflammatory effects of GRs at the ambient glucocorticoid levels thereby increasing pro-inflammatory response. The adaptive response of pro-inflammatory cytokine mediated stimulatory effects on the HPA-axis is reduced due to dominance of the GR-mediated negative feedback on the HPA-axis. To verify these hypotheses we analyzed the clinical data on neuro-endocrine variables and cytokines obtained from war-zone veterans with and without PTSD. We observed significant group differences for cortisol and ACTH suppression tests, pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL6, hs-CRP, promoter methylation of GR gene and IC50-Dex for lysozyme suppression. Causal inference modelling revealed significant associations between cortisol suppression and post-dex cortisol decline, promoter methylation of NR3C1-1F, IC50-Dex and pro-inflammatory cytokines. We noted significant mediation effects of NR3C1-1F promoter methylation on inflammatory cytokines through changes in GR sensitivity. Our findings suggest that increased GR sensitivity may contribute to increased inflammation, therefore, interventions to restore GR sensitivity may normalize inflammation in PTSD.","doi":"10.1101/664201","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ee16961085ac28da96a9e6edd36f8ba1ccfeddc8","result_position":34,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":277798404,"title":"Stress, neutrophils, and immunity: a dynamic interplay","venue":"Annals of Medicine and Surgery","year":2025,"authors":["E. Obeagu"],"abstract":"Neutrophils, the most abundant type of white blood cells, are pivotal players in the innate immune system, responsible for rapid responses to infection and tissue damage. They engage in various defensive activities, including phagocytosis, degranulation, and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Stress, encompassing both physiological and psychological forms, significantly influences the immune system, notably impacting neutrophil function. This review delves into the intricate interplay between stress, neutrophils, and immunity, underscoring how stress modulates neutrophil activity and the broader implications for immune health. The body’s response to stress involves the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the subsequent release of stress hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline. These hormones can enhance or suppress immune functions, depending on the nature and duration of the stress. Acute stress may temporarily boost neutrophil activity, enhancing the body’s immediate defense mechanisms. In contrast, chronic stress typically results in immunosuppression, adversely affecting neutrophil functions and increasing vulnerability to infections and inflammatory diseases. The mechanisms through which stress affects neutrophils include hormonal regulation, neuroimmune interactions, and alterations in the production of inflammatory mediators. The dynamic relationship between stress and neutrophils has significant health implications. While acute stress can enhance immune defenses, chronic stress contributes to a range of health issues, including increased infection risk, autoimmune disorders, and chronic inflammatory conditions such as cardiovascular disease and cancer.","doi":"10.1097/MS9.0000000000003304","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/54426b67d14d441b3fd165c6685ddb5de7d85bf4","result_position":35,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":14494058,"title":"Chronic psychological stress and the regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines: a glucocorticoid-resistance model.","venue":"Health Psychology","year":2002,"authors":["Gregory E. Miller","Sheldon Cohen","A. Ritchey"],"abstract":"This study examined whether chronic stress impairs the immune system's capacity to respond to hormonal signals that terminate inflammation. Fifty healthy adults were studied; half were parents of cancer patients, and half were parents of healthy children. Parents of cancer patients reported more psychological distress than parents of healthy children. They also had flatter diurnal slopes of cortisol secretion, primarily because of reduced output during the morning hours. There was also evidence that chronic stress impaired the immune system's response to anti-inflammatory signals: The capacity of a synthetic glucocorticoid hormone to suppress in vitro production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 was diminished among parents of cancer patients. Findings suggest a novel pathway by which chronic stress might alter the course of inflammatory disease.","doi":"10.1037/0278-6133.21.6.531","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ca453375a6f97504f42418577d6d52b1c839a03e","result_position":36,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":11381718,"title":"Stress-induced immune dysfunction: implications for health","venue":"Nature reviews. Immunology","year":2005,"authors":[],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1038/nri1571","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b8781d3527fba908018c92a6aae3cfc33d9a8c96","result_position":37,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":6798340,"title":"The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and immune-mediated inflammation.","venue":"New England Journal of Medicine","year":1995,"authors":["G. Chrousos"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1056/NEJM199505183322008","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a8ad598d866d74100301082d985ddf7949cfcf2d","result_position":38,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":267558656,"title":"Psycho-Neuroendocrinology in the Rehabilitation Field: Focus on the Complex Interplay between Stress and Pain","venue":"Medicina","year":2024,"authors":["M. Bonanno","D. Papa","Antonio Cerasa","M. Maggio","R. S. Calabrò"],"abstract":"Chronic stress and chronic pain share neuro-anatomical, endocrinological, and biological features. However, stress prepares the body for challenging situations or mitigates tissue damage, while pain is an unpleasant sensation due to nociceptive receptor stimulation. When pain is chronic, it might lead to an allostatic overload in the body and brain due to the chronic dysregulation of the physiological systems that are normally involved in adapting to environmental challenges. Managing stress and chronic pain (CP) in neurorehabilitation presents a significant challenge for healthcare professionals and researchers, as there is no definitive and effective solution for these issues. Patients suffering from neurological disorders often complain of CP, which significantly reduces their quality of life. The aim of this narrative review is to examine the correlation between stress and pain and their potential negative impact on the rehabilitation process. Moreover, we described the most relevant interventions used to manage stress and pain in the neurological population. In conclusion, this review sheds light on the connection between chronic stress and chronic pain and their impact on the neurorehabilitation pathway. Our results emphasize the need for tailored rehabilitation protocols to effectively manage pain, improve treatment adherence, and ensure comprehensive patient care.","doi":"10.3390/medicina60020285","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f4a2c3564cd62699fe4f1034dc4cf90b31c0a547","result_position":39,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":27042948,"title":"Inflammation and its discontents: the role of cytokines in the pathophysiology of major depression.","venue":"Biological Psychiatry","year":2009,"authors":["Andrew H. Miller","V. Maletić","C. Raison"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.11.029","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3a35e840564ff1b9f616dd537a27b35b5cace508","result_position":40,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":215407710,"title":"Chronic Stress Contributes to Osteosarcopenic Adiposity via Inflammation and Immune Modulation: The Case for More Precise Nutritional Investigation","venue":"Nutrients","year":2020,"authors":["J. Ilich","Jennifer C. Gilman","S. Cvijetić","D. Boschiero"],"abstract":"Chronic stress and low-grade chronic inflammation (LGCI) are key underlying factors for many diseases, including bone and body composition impairments. Objectives of this narrative review were to examine the mechanisms by which chronic stress and LGCI may influence osteosarcopenic adiposity (OSA) syndrome, originally named as ostoesarcopenic obesity (OSO). We also examined the crucial nutrients presumed to be affected by or cause of stress and inflammation and compared/contrasted them to those of our prehistoric ancestors. The evidence shows that stress (particularly chronic) and its related inflammatory processes, contribute to osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and adiposity ultimately leading to OSA as a final and most deranged state of body composition, commencing at the mesenchymal cell lineage disturbance. The foods/nutrients consumed by modern humans, as well as their altered lifestyle, also contribute to stress, LGCI and subsequently to OSA. The processes can also go in opposite direction when stress and inflammation impact nutritional status, particularly some micronutrients’ levels. While nutritional management of body composition and LGCI have been studied, the nutrients (and their quantities) most affected by stressors and those which may act toward the alleviation of stressful state, ultimately leading to better body composition outcomes, need to be elucidated.","doi":"10.3390/nu12040989","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6adfb4de9c73f28c249107508b12a4ac9fbfa03b","result_position":41,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":4902189,"title":"Our Environment Shapes Us: The Importance of Environment and Sex Differences in Regulation of Autoantibody Production","venue":"Frontiers in Immunology","year":2018,"authors":["M. Edwards","R. Dai","S. A. Ahmed"],"abstract":"Consequential differences exist between the male and female immune systems’ ability to respond to pathogens, environmental insults or self-antigens, and subsequent effects on immunoregulation. In general, females when compared with their male counterparts, respond to pathogenic stimuli and vaccines more robustly, with heightened production of antibodies, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines. While the precise reasons for sex differences in immune response to different stimuli are not yet well understood, females are more resistant to infectious diseases and much more likely to develop autoimmune diseases. Intrinsic (i.e., sex hormones, sex chromosomes, etc.) and extrinsic (microbiome composition, external triggers, and immune modulators) factors appear to impact the overall outcome of immune responses between sexes. Evidence suggests that interactions between environmental contaminants [e.g., endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs)] and host leukocytes affect the ability of the immune system to mount a response to exogenous and endogenous insults, and/or return to normal activity following clearance of the threat. Inherently, males and females have differential immune response to external triggers. In this review, we describe how environmental chemicals, including EDCs, may have sex differential influence on the outcome of immune responses through alterations in epigenetic status (such as modulation of microRNA expression, gene methylation, or histone modification status), direct and indirect activation of the estrogen receptors to drive hormonal effects, and differential modulation of microbial sensing and composition of host microbiota. Taken together, an intriguing question develops as to how an individual’s environment directly and indirectly contributes to an altered immune response, dysregulation of autoantibody production, and influence autoimmune disease development. Few studies exist utilizing well-controlled cohorts of both sexes to explore the sex differences in response to EDC exposure and the effects on autoimmune disease development. Translational studies incorporating multiple environmental factors in animal models of autoimmune disease are necessary to determine the interrelationships that occur between potential etiopathological factors. The presence or absence of autoantibodies is not a reliable predictor of disease. Therefore, future studies should incorporate all the susceptibility/influencing factors, coupled with individual genomics, epigenomics, and proteomics, to develop a model that better predicts, diagnoses, and treats autoimmune diseases in a personalized-medicine fashion.","doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2018.00478","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/80becc573dce3d909864da5daacef6c728588f43","result_position":42,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":5825767,"title":"The Stress Response and Immune Function: Clinical Implications: The 1999 Novera H. Spector Lecture","venue":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","year":2000,"authors":["G. Chrousos"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05371.x","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/be8a445c227013f31a3e85f00168be3d5e76efbc","result_position":43,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":257737003,"title":"Unintended Consequences of COVID-19 Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs) for Population Health and Health Inequalities","venue":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","year":2023,"authors":["C. ÓhAiseadha","G. Quinn","R. Connolly","A. Wilson","M. Connolly","Willie Soon","P. Hynds"],"abstract":"Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020, governments around the world have adopted an array of measures intended to control the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, using both pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). NPIs are public health interventions that do not rely on vaccines or medicines and include policies such as lockdowns, stay-at-home orders, school closures, and travel restrictions. Although the intention was to slow viral transmission, emerging research indicates that these NPIs have also had unintended consequences for other aspects of public health. Hence, we conducted a narrative review of studies investigating these unintended consequences of NPIs, with a particular emphasis on mental health and on lifestyle risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCD): physical activity (PA), overweight and obesity, alcohol consumption, and tobacco smoking. We reviewed the scientific literature using combinations of search terms such as ‘COVID-19′, ‘pandemic’, ‘lockdowns’, ‘mental health’, ‘physical activity’, and ‘obesity’. NPIs were found to have considerable adverse consequences for mental health, physical activity, and overweight and obesity. The impacts on alcohol and tobacco consumption varied greatly within and between studies. The variability in consequences for different groups implies increased health inequalities by age, sex/gender, socioeconomic status, pre-existing lifestyle, and place of residence. In conclusion, a proper assessment of the use of NPIs in attempts to control the spread of the pandemic should be weighed against the potential adverse impacts on other aspects of public health. Our findings should also be of relevance for future pandemic preparedness and pandemic response teams.","doi":"10.3390/ijerph20075223","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/760e9b3a70d2ee0bb599f1a1da1ad47ef1dbc4cd","result_position":44,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":264313346,"title":"Inflammatory biomarkers link perceived stress with metabolic dysregulation","venue":"Brain, behavior, & immunity - health","year":2023,"authors":["Savana Jurgens","S. Prieto","J. Hayes"],"abstract":"Objective Perceived stress has been identified as a risk factor for metabolic syndrome. However, the intermediate pathways underlying this relationship are not well understood. Inflammatory responses may be one process by which stress leads to metabolic dysregulation. Prior work has shown that chronic stress is associated with elevated systemic inflammation and that altered inflammatory activity contributes to the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. The current analyses tested this hypothesis by examining inflammation as a pathway by which perceived stress affects metabolic health. Methods Data from the Midlife in the United States Study (MIDUS) (N = 648; Mean age = 52.3) provided measures of perceived stress, inflammatory biomarkers [C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), E-selectin, fibrinogen, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)] and metabolic health markers. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to confirm the fit of a hierarchical model of metabolic syndrome in our sample. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the assumption that inflammation mediates the association between perceived stress and the latent factor representing metabolic syndrome. Results The CFA of metabolic syndrome demonstrated excellent goodness of fit to our sample [CFI = 0.97, TLI = 0.95, RMSEA = 0.06, SMSR = 0.05]. Mediation analysis with SEM revealed that the indirect pathway linking stress to metabolic dysregulation through inflammation was significant [B = 0.08, SE = 0.01, z = 3.69, p < .001, 95% confidence interval CI (0.04, 0.13)]. Conclusions These results suggest that inflammatory biomarkers are a viable explanatory pathway for the relationship between perceived stress and metabolic health consequences. Interventions that target psychosocial stress may serve as cost-effective and accessible treatment options for mitigating inflammatory health risks.","doi":"10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100696","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/101aa7ac00cd4959f40415904b02308e708d4662","result_position":45,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":20877016,"title":"Activation of the HPA axis by immune insults: roles and interactions of cytokines, eicosanoids, glucocorticoids.","venue":"Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior","year":1996,"authors":["J. Buckingham","H. D. Loxley","H. Christian","J. Philip"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1016/0091-3057(95)02127-2","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f8fa9cebd1326fb937b3c880bf9f31fc6d14877c","result_position":46,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":271077277,"title":"Early Life Adversity, Microbiome, and Inflammatory Responses","venue":"Biomolecules","year":2024,"authors":["Eléonore Beurel","Charles B. Nemeroff"],"abstract":"Early life adversity has a profound impact on physical and mental health. Because the central nervous and immune systems are not fully mature at birth and continue to mature during the postnatal period, a bidirectional interaction between the central nervous system and the immune system has been hypothesized, with traumatic stressors during childhood being pivotal in priming individuals for later adult psychopathology. Similarly, the microbiome, which regulates both neurodevelopment and immune function, also matures during childhood, rendering this interaction between the brain and the immune system even more complex. In this review, we provide evidence for the role of the immune response and the microbiome in the deleterious effects of early life adversity, both in humans and rodent models.","doi":"10.3390/biom14070802","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b3032567865c559f13d13aa2f03124933dbe2b09","result_position":47,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":272757969,"title":"Primary and secondary allostatic processes in the context of high-stress work: A multigroup moderation from the English longitudinal study of ageing.","venue":"Psychoneuroendocrinology","year":2024,"authors":["Thomas O’Toole","Christopher J. Armitage","Martie van Tongeren","K. Dienes"],"abstract":"Evidence suggests that chronic cortisol excess may precede the development of an allostatic load, and that this association may be influenced by the level of work stress. This study aims to investigate the associations between hair cortisol concentration and the development of systemic allostatic load cross-sectionally and at a lag of four years, stratified by level of effort-reward imbalance. The sample consisted of respondents from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) who were in employment with hair cortisol measurements at baseline (wave 6), and allostatic load markers at baseline and follow-up (wave 8; n=411; 64 % female). Hair cortisol was used as a measure of total cortisol expression over the preceding two months. Allostatic load was modelled as a count-based index using nine markers; three per system, across the immune, metabolic and cardiovascular systems. This model was then grouped by a median-cut effort reward-imbalance scale (0.83) and regression pathways were compared between groups using a series of Chi-Squared tests of difference. Results provide evidence that higher hair cortisol concentrations predict an increase in immune and cardiovascular allostatic load cross-sectionally, and a metabolic allostatic load at a lag of four years. These pathways were found in the high effort-reward imbalance group, but not in the low effort-reward imbalance group. There were also significant differences found between groups for hair cortisol concentration as a predictor of concurrent immune and cardiovascular allostatic load Findings may indicate a novel temporality to the accumulation of an allostatic load, and that the \"tipping point\" between allostasis and allostatic load may lie within the ability of the HPA axis to regulate the cardiovascular system concurrently, with longitudinal consequences for metabolic syndrome indicators.","doi":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107193","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/abfbc2ce31075a95726b34f31b41e72cf5a83ecf","result_position":48,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":279981938,"title":"Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal dynamics in early-stage COVID-19 observed in a case with arginine vasopressin deficiency","venue":"BMC Endocrine Disorders","year":2025,"authors":["H. Kirikae","Y. Tezuka","Michiko Okamoto","Ginji Furuta","K. Omata","Y. Ono","Tetsuhiro Tanaka","F. Satoh"],"abstract":"The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on pituitary function remains unclear, particularly during the acute phase of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We report the case of a 40-year-old man with arginine vasopressin deficiency (central diabetes insipidus) who was admitted for the evaluation of anterior pituitary function. The patient developed mild COVID-19 during the hospitalization, when we inadvertently observed rapid activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis prior to the onset of fever. At the estimated onset of COVID-19, the patient’s body temperature and the serum level of C-reactive protein remained within normal limits, whereas plasma ACTH levels drastically elevated, and subsequently, serum cortisol levels remain consistently high throughout the day, resulting in increased urinary free cortisol. The serum levels of several cytokines, including IFN-γ, IL-1RA, IL-6, and TNF-α, were also significantly elevated compared to those in the non-infected state. Acute suppression of thyroid and gonadal functions was observed approximately one day after the HPA axis activation. These findings illustrate the rapid response of the HPA axis to inflammatory factors in the early-stage COVID-19, which may have important implications for understanding the initial host responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection.","doi":"10.1186/s12902-025-01992-3","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1030fa69a3838ea96d2227a834f574bea330e9ec","result_position":49,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":273844072,"title":"A Prospective Cohort Study on the Effects of Repeated Acute Stress on Cortisol Awakening Response and Immune Function in Military Medical Students","venue":"Biomedicines","year":2024,"authors":["Madison A Propp","Dean C. Paz","S. Makhkamov","M. Payton","Qamrul Choudhury","Melodie Nutter","Rebecca Ryznar"],"abstract":"Background: The cortisol awakening response (CAR) is a pivotal component of the body’s stress response, yet its dynamics under repeated acute stress and its interplay with immune biomarkers remain inadequately understood. Methods: This study examined 80 second-year military medical students undergoing a 5-day intensive surgical simulation designed to elicit stress responses. Salivary samples were collected daily upon waking and 30 min thereafter to measure cortisol and a panel of cytokines using bead-based multiplex ELISA. Results: Analysis revealed a significant blunting of the CAR on the third day of training (p = 0.00006), followed by a recovery on the fourth day (p = 0.0005). Concurrently, specific cytokines such as CXCL1 (r = 0.2, p = 0.0005), IL-6 (r = 0.13, p = 0.02), IL-10 (r = 0.14, p = 0.02), and VEGF-A (r = 0.17, p = 0.003) displayed patterns correlating with the CAR, with increased strength of associations observed when assessing cytokine levels against the CAR of the preceding day (CXCL1 r = 0.41, p = 0.0002. IL-6 r = 0.38, p = 0.0006. IL-10 r = 0.3, p = 0.008. VEGF-A r = 0.41, p = 0.0002). Conclusions: These results suggest a temporal relationship between stress-induced cortisol dynamics and immune regulation. The CAR pattern demonstrated in this study may represent induction of and recovery from psychological burnout. Moreover, the observed cytokine associations provide insight into the mechanisms by which stress can influence immune function. The results may have broader implications for managing stress in high-performance environments, such as military and medical professions, and for identifying individuals at risk of stress-related immune suppression.","doi":"10.3390/biomedicines12112519","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d57d34b2df227570b109491bf21cc96a13710d48","result_position":50,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":271707472,"title":"Neurobiological and psychological factors to depression","venue":"International journal of psychiatry in clinical practice","year":2024,"authors":["M. Turner"],"abstract":"Abstract Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a common condition with complex psychological and biological background. While its aetiology is still unclear, chronic stress stands amongst major risk factors to MDD pathogenesis. When researching on MDD, it is necessary to be familiar with the neurobiological effects of several prominent contributors to the chronic stress factor experienced across hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, neurotransmission, immune system reflexivity, and genetic alterations. Bi-directional flow of MDD pathogenesis suggests that psychological factors produce biological effects. Here, a summary of how the MDD expresses its mechanisms of action across an overactive HPA axis, the negative impacts of reduced neurotransmitter functions, the inflammatory responses and their gene x environment interactions. This paper builds on these conceptual factors and their input towards the MDD symptomatology with a purpose of synthesising the current findings and create an integrated view of the MDD pathogenesis. Finally, relevant treatment implications will be summarised, along with recommendations to a multimodal clinical practice.","doi":"10.1080/13651501.2024.2382091","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fe239c113f9a34ead4cfb3a0591da1f292ec87c1","result_position":51,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":235302022,"title":"The Potential Mechanisms of High-Velocity, Low-Amplitude, Controlled Vertebral Thrusts on Neuroimmune Function: A Narrative Review","venue":"Medicina","year":2021,"authors":["H. Haavik","I. Niazi","Nitika Kumari","I. Amjad","Jenna Duehr","Kelly Holt"],"abstract":"The current COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated the need to find healthcare solutions that boost or support immunity. There is some evidence that high-velocity, low-amplitude (HVLA) controlled vertebral thrusts have the potential to modulate immune mediators. However, the mechanisms of the link between HVLA controlled vertebral thrusts and neuroimmune function and the associated potential clinical implications are less clear. This review aims to elucidate the underlying mechanisms that can explain the HVLA controlled vertebral thrust--neuroimmune link and discuss what this link implies for clinical practice and future research needs. A search for relevant articles published up until April 2021 was undertaken. Twenty-three published papers were found that explored the impact of HVLA controlled vertebral thrusts on neuroimmune markers, of which eighteen found a significant effect. These basic science studies show that HVLA controlled vertebral thrust influence the levels of immune mediators in the body, including neuropeptides, inflammatory markers, and endocrine markers. This narravtive review discusses the most likely mechanisms for how HVLA controlled vertebral thrusts could impact these immune markers. The mechanisms are most likely due to the known changes in proprioceptive processing that occur within the central nervous system (CNS), in particular within the prefrontal cortex, following HVLA spinal thrusts. The prefrontal cortex is involved in the regulation of the autonomic nervous system, the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and the immune system. Bi-directional neuro-immune interactions are affected by emotional or pain-related stress. Stress-induced sympathetic nervous system activity also alters vertebral motor control. Therefore, there are biologically plausible direct and indirect mechanisms that link HVLA controlled vertebral thrusts to the immune system, suggesting HVLA controlled vertebral thrusts have the potential to modulate immune function. However, it is not yet known whether HVLA controlled vertebral thrusts have a clinically relevant impact on immunity. Further research is needed to explore the clinical impact of HVLA controlled vertebral thrusts on immune function.","doi":"10.3390/medicina57060536","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/accef655aa95f23a582522e21f98f0bdfa8ca95c","result_position":52,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":257535061,"title":"Immediate and Delayed Salivary Cytokine Responses during Repeated Exposures to Cold Pressor Stress","venue":"Neuroimmunomodulation","year":2023,"authors":["M. Larra","S. Capellino","Elena Schwendich","Leon von Haugwitz","J. Reinders","E. Wascher"],"abstract":"Introduction: Excessive stress is increasingly recognized as an important trigger of many diseases prevalent in modern societies, and monitoring such stress-related effects could aid prevention. The measurement of salivary markers of inflammation is emerging as a promising tool to non-invasively quantify stress’ effects on immune processes in everyday life and thereby detect early aberrations before the manifestation of serious health problems. However, more laboratory-controlled research is needed in order to establish the timescale and determinants of salivary cytokine responses to acute stress. Methods: We repeatedly exposed participants to Cold Pressor Stress Test (CPT) or a control procedure and measured a wide array of salivary cytokines as well as subjective, cardiovascular, and cortisol stress reactions. CPT exposure was repeated every 15 min, 3 times in total, with a duration of 3 min each. Saliva was sampled immediately after the first two exposures as well as in 15-min intervals until 60 min after the onset of the first intervention. Results: We found that many cytokines were detectable in saliva. Specific stress effects were limited to IL-8 and IL-6, however, which decreased immediately or 15 min after stress onset, respectively. Moreover, IL-8 was negatively correlated to cortisol output in the stress but not in the control group. Significant increases were also observed in salivary TNFα and IFNγ; however, these effects were similar under both stress and control conditions. Discussion: Our results show that particular salivary cytokines may be sensitive to immediate effects of acute CPT-induced stress and also highlight the importance of employing control procedures to discern stress effects from unrelated variations in salivary cytokines.","doi":"10.1159/000529625","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e8effb2ffe860f97195466754f1ab367d125e886","result_position":53,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":248918450,"title":"Negative correlation between IL‐1β, IL‐12 and TNF‐γ, and cortisol levels in patients with panic disorder","venue":"Brain and Behavior","year":2022,"authors":["Ana Belén Fernández-Serrano","F. J. Moya-Faz","César Augusto Giner Alegría","Juan Carlos Fernández Rodríguez"],"abstract":"Chronic exposure to stress is a major risk factor in anxiety disorders (ADs) and can be accompanied by an altered microbiome–gut–brain axis and a compromised immune system. In recent years, the study of inflammatory processes in AD has gained special attention. Continued stress causes the reactivity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, the alteration of the intestinal microbiota and the consequent release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, affecting the sensitivity to stress and the similar behavior of anxiety.","doi":"10.1002/brb3.2624","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/299b299924d4389ea8b620a089646e091c5793d9","result_position":54,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":211086970,"title":"Network between Cytokines, Cortisol and Occupational Stress in Gas and Oilfield Workers","venue":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","year":2020,"authors":["M. Reale","E. Costantini","C. D'Angelo","L. Coppeta","R. Mangifesta","Srinivas Jagarlapoodi","M. Di Nicola","L. Di Giampaolo"],"abstract":"To test whether gas and oil field work is accompanied by stress and altered immune function, the perception of workplace stress, levels of salivary cortisol, plasma levels, and mononuclear cell production of cytokines were examined in 80 healthy workers recruited among a population of operators on gas and oilfields. Specific questionnaires for determining the perception of anxiety, occupational stress, and subjective symptoms were administered. Salivary cortisol and cytokines plasma levels were evaluated by Elisa and to investigate immune function, both spontaneous and PHA- or LPS-induced expression and production of cytokines were assessed by qRT-PCR. Workers showed medium stress levels at work, with growth and increased motivation for work, and based on salivary cortisol concentrations, were divided into two groups of ≤10 ng/mL (n = 31) or >10 ng/mL (n = 49). Statistically significant higher plasma levels of IL-6, while lower TNFα, were detected in workers with cortisol >10 ng/mL. Also, BMI, DL, JD and Job strain were significantly higher in workers with cortisol >10 ng/mL. Thus, even modest variations of cortisol might have a role in the modulation of immune response and worker’s vulnerability to health imbalance.Thus, the evaluation of immune status, in addition to cortisol levels, could be useful to prevent illnesses; exacerbation of pre-existing conditions; morbidity; and consequent absences from work, with economic repercussions.","doi":"10.3390/ijms21031118","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9de5075e20643ee6e63cfd2355455c347fa4a6f6","result_position":55,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":233844074,"title":"Polymorphonuclear leucocyte phagocytic function, γδ T-lymphocytes and testosterone as separate stress-responsive markers of prolonged, high-intensity training programs","venue":"Brain, behavior, & immunity - health","year":2021,"authors":["D. Leal","A. Standing","Anna L. Furmanski","John Hough"],"abstract":"Excessive exercise with limited recovery may lead to detrimental states of overreaching or the overtraining syndrome. Chronic maladaptation in endocrine and immune mechanisms occur with the incidence of these states. Exercise-induced cortisol and testosterone responses have been proposed as biomarkers of overreaching, with blunted responses following intensified-training periods. Yet, limited information on the effects of overreaching in immunity is available. Healthy individuals completed a 30-min running protocol (the RPETP) before and after a 12-day intensified-training period. Blood and saliva were collected before, after and 30min after RPETP at pre-training and post-training. Plasma and salivary cortisol and testosterone, leucocyte proliferation and polymorphonuclear leucocyte phagocytic activity were examined. Plasma and salivary cortisol were acutely unaffected pre-training (−14% and 0%, p > 0.05) and post-training (−14% and +46%, p > 0.05). Comparing pre-training with post-training, blunted responses were observed in plasma testosterone (43%–19%, p < 0.05) and salivary testosterone (55%–24%, p > 0.05). No acute or resting changes in total leucocyte counts or most leucocyte subsets occurred pre-training or post-training. Yet, a 194% acute elevation in γδ T-lymphocyte number occurred pre-training (p < 0.05), and average resting concentrations were 174% higher post-training. Baseline phagocytic activity was 47% lower post-training (p < 0.05). Intensified training was detrimental, significantly reducing phagocytic activity. Testosterone blunted post-training, indicating an excessive training-related hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal dysfunction. The γδ T-lymphocytes sensitivity to exercise was noted, rendering it as a potential stress-responsive cellular marker. The usefulness of the RPETP to track the onset of overreaching is proposed.","doi":"10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100234","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9932d6474282f94159a468496292e0424d2f1630","result_position":56,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":221896512,"title":"Neuroimmunological effects of early life experiences","venue":"Brain and Neuroscience Advances","year":2020,"authors":["N. Brydges","J. Reddaway"],"abstract":"Exposure to adverse experiences during development increases the risk of psychiatric illness later in life. Growing evidence suggests a role for the neuroimmune system in this relationship. There is now substantial evidence that the immune system is critical for normal brain development and behaviour, and responds to environmental perturbations experienced early in life. Severe or chronic stress results in dysregulated neuroimmune function, concomitant with abnormal brain morphology and function. Positive experiences including environmental enrichment and exercise exert the opposite effect, promoting normal brain and immune function even in the face of early life stress. The neuroimmune system may therefore provide a viable target for prevention and treatment of psychiatric illness. This review will briefly summarise the neuroimmune system in brain development and function, and review the effects of stress and positive environmental experiences during development on neuroimmune function. There are also significant sex differences in how the neuroimmune system responds to environmental experiences early in life, which we will briefly review.","doi":"10.1177/2398212820953706","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/74bb154b8884e71c75eefddf873afb0e297e1b6e","result_position":57,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":14356009,"title":"Chronic Physical Illness: A Psychophysiological Approach for Chronic Physical Illness","venue":"The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine","year":2013,"authors":["J. Purdy"],"abstract":"Growing evidence demonstrates that psychological risk variables can contribute to physical disease. In an effort to thoroughly investigate potential etiological origins and optimal interventions, this broad review is divided into five sections: the stress response, chronic diseases, mind-body theoretical models, psychophysiological interventions, and integrated health care solutions. The stress response and its correlation to chronic disorders such as cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, autoimmune, metabolic syndrome, and chronic pain are comprehensively explored. Current mind-body theoretical models, including peripheral nerve pathway, neurophysiological, and integrative theories, are reviewed to elucidate the biological mechanisms behind psychophysiological interventions. Specific interventions included are psychotherapy, mindfulness meditation, yoga, and psychopharmacology. Finally, the author advocates for an integrated care approach as a means by which to blur the sharp distinction between physical and psychological health. Integrated care approaches can utilize psychiatric nurse practitioners for behavioral assessment, intervention, research, advocacy, consultation, and education to optimize health outcomes.","doi":"","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e12694ec3aae83cad2e29b8d4da2f115c341cf7b","result_position":58,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":148915916,"title":"Psychosomatic Interrelations in Cardiovascular Diseases and Their Consequences on Patient’s Quality of Life","venue":"","year":2017,"authors":["C. Cristescu"],"abstract":"At present, the cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are among the major concerns of World Health Organization (WHO), assurance health systems and researchers in the specific field, because they are the number one cause of deaths globally, and according to several perspective studies, they will become the pathology that generates the greatest economic burden worldwide, through morbidity, disability, poor quality of life, and cause of death. Nowadays, the psychic field and the vulnerability of individual mental level to stress are an important link in the development of mental illness, CVD (included in the group of psychosomatic disorders), and also of interrelationship between them. The combined effects of these factors are reflected in the behavioral and cardiovascular (CV) system’s pathophysiological changes, which determine the impairment of health-related quality of life for the CV patients, on both short-term and long-term. This chapter aims to address both the interrelationship of psychosocial factors with CVD in terms of its multifactorial etiology and the mark of this bidirectional link on the quality of life of the patients. In several sections, the following issues will be described: general aspects regarding the relationship between homeostasis-stress-pathology; the role of stress as a psychosocial factor in the multifactorial etiology of CVD; the implications of mental disorders in the pathogenesis of CVD; behavioral aspects of CV patient during his illness, and strategies for improving therapeutic adherence and the quality of life of these patients.","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.69699","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d4ae9ce322f0027c591f1d15e8b092c1bfc87895","result_position":59,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":10020435,"title":"Acute and chronic stress induced changes in sensitivity of peripheral inflammatory pathways to the signals of multiple stress systems --2011 Curt Richter Award Winner.","venue":"Psychoneuroendocrinology","year":2012,"authors":["N. Rohleder"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.12.015","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2883e8844e42463fb1e11f39933380e208c6c05a","result_position":60,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":244429469,"title":"Consequences of pandemic-associated social restrictions: Role of social support and the oxytocin system","venue":"Psychoneuroendocrinology","year":2021,"authors":["Katharina Gryksa","I. Neumann"],"abstract":"During pandemics, governments take drastic actions to prevent the spreading of the disease, as seen during the present COVID-19 crisis. Sanctions of lockdown, social distancing and quarantine urge people to exclusively work and teach at home and to restrict social contacts to a minimum; lonely people get into further isolation, while families` nerves are strained to the extreme. Overall, this results in a dramatic and chronic increase in the level of psychosocial stress over several months mainly caused by i) social isolation and ii) psychosocial stress associated with overcrowding, social tension in families, and domestic violence. Moreover, pandemic-associated social restrictions are accompanied by loss of an essential stress buffer and important parameter for general mental and physical health: social support. Chronic psychosocial stress and, in particular, social isolation and lack of social support affect not only mental health, but also the brain oxytocin system and the immune system. Hence, pandemic-associated social restrictions are expected to increase the risk of developing psychopathologies, such as depression, anxiety-related and posttraumatic stress disorders, on the one hand, but also to induce a general inflammatory state and to impair the course of infectious disorders on the other. Due to its pro-social and stress-buffering effects, resulting in an anti-inflammatory state in case of disease, the role of the neuropeptide oxytocin will be discussed and critically considered as an emerging treatment option in cases of pandemic-induced psychosocial stress, viral infection and during recovery. In this review, we aim to critically focus on possible short- and long-term consequences of social restrictions on mental health and the immune system, while discussion oxytocin as a possible treatment option.","doi":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105601","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/acc4172b0b64fe2e1a657d5a43612337211404eb","result_position":61,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":4010420,"title":"Aggression, Social Stress, and the Immune System in Humans and Animal Models","venue":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","year":2018,"authors":["Aki Takahashi","M. Flanigan","B. McEwen","S. Russo"],"abstract":"Social stress can lead to the development of psychological problems ranging from exaggerated anxiety and depression to antisocial and violence-related behaviors. Increasing evidence suggests that the immune system is involved in responses to social stress in adulthood. For example, human studies show that individuals with high aggression traits display heightened inflammatory cytokine levels and dysregulated immune responses such as slower wound healing. Similar findings have been observed in patients with depression, and comorbidity of depression and aggression was correlated with stronger immune dysregulation. Therefore, dysregulation of the immune system may be one of the mediators of social stress that produces aggression and/or depression. Similar to humans, aggressive animals also show increased levels of several proinflammatory cytokines, however, unlike humans these animals are more protected from infectious organisms and have faster wound healing than animals with low aggression. On the other hand, subordinate animals that receive repeated social defeat stress have been shown to develop escalated and dysregulated immune responses such as glucocorticoid insensitivity in monocytes. In this review we synthesize the current evidence in humans, non-human primates, and rodents to show a role for the immune system in responses to social stress leading to psychiatric problems such as aggression or depression. We argue that while depression and aggression represent two fundamentally different behavioral and physiological responses to social stress, it is possible that some overlapped, as well as distinct, pattern of immune signaling may underlie both of them. We also argue the necessity of studying animal models of maladaptive aggression induced by social stress (i.e., social isolation) for understanding neuro-immune mechanism of aggression, which may be relevant to human aggression.","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00056","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/13661ca0b054f935e99433f23696b2d8e922e7d2","result_position":62,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":6846520,"title":"From stress to inflammation and major depressive disorder: a social signal transduction theory of depression.","venue":"Psychological bulletin","year":2014,"authors":["George M. Slavich","M. Irwin"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1037/a0035302","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5082f6dd27c1d0dc876ce36a16b575a8efc30b58","result_position":63,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":231720219,"title":"To stress or not to stress: Brain-behavior-immune interaction may weaken or promote the immune response to SARS-CoV-2","venue":"Neurobiology of Stress","year":2021,"authors":["E. Peters","M. Schedlowski","C. Watzl","U. Gimsa"],"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic continues to strongly affect people with health disadvantages, creating a heavy burden on medical systems and societies worldwide. Research is growing rapidly and recently revealed that stress-related factors such as socio-economic status, may also play a pivotal role. However, stress research investigating the underlying psychoneuroimmune interactions is missing. Here we address the question whether stress-associated neuroendocrine-immune mechanisms can possibly contribute to an increase in SARS-CoV-2 infections and influence the course of COVID-19 disease. Additionally, we discuss that not all forms of stress (e.g. acute versus chronic) are detrimental and that some types of stress could attenuate infection-risk and -progression. The overall aim of this review is to motivate future research efforts to clarify whether psychosocial interventions have the potential to optimize neuroendocrine-immune responses against respiratory viral infections during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. The current state of research on different types of stress is summarized in a comprehensive narrative review to promote a psychoneuroimmune understanding of how stress and its mediators cortisol, (nor)adrenaline, neuropeptides and neurotrophins can shape the immune defense against viral diseases. Based on this understanding, we describe how people with high psychosocial stress can be identified, which behaviors and psychosocial interventions may contribute to optimal stress management, and how psychoneuroimmune knowledge can be used to improve adequate care for COVID-19 and other patients with viral infections.","doi":"10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100296","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/466922dd3783655133fffa2cc5f234f05e4487ea","result_position":64,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":25533522,"title":"Stress Hormones, Proinflammatory and Antiinflammatory Cytokines, and Autoimmunity","venue":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","year":2002,"authors":["I. Elenkov","G. Chrousos"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04229.x","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5fc3c974bcc0c612af2c9a493595904496ba55de","result_position":65,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":280004526,"title":"Hematological Changes and Immunomodulation of Neutrophil and Monocyte Populations in Shelter Dogs","venue":"Animals","year":2025,"authors":["Marek Kulka","I. Szopa","Maciej Klockiewicz"],"abstract":"Simple Summary Animal welfare plays a pivotal role in health assessment in veterinary medicine. Dogs living in shelters often face long-term stress, which can significantly impact their well-being. Commonly used psychological evaluations and checking cortisol levels provide useful insights but may not fully reflect how stress affects immune system functions. In this study, we investigated hematological and biochemical parameters, as well as potential immunomodulation in different living schedules of dogs kept in shelters. We focused on blood cell count and quality changes and also assessed the level of surface antigen expression (TLR4 and MHCII) on neutrophils and monocytes. Moreover, we measured how many of these cells were prone to cell damage and death. The aim of our study was to determine whether the immune system remains efficient under chronic stress conditions. Our findings revealed that stress in the shelter environment modulates immune responses by altering cellular adaptation mechanisms in order to maintain homeostasis. This study provides a novel perspective by highlighting immune system monitoring as a valuable addition to the assessment of animal welfare.","doi":"10.3390/ani15131988","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7219dee105b3303c1d65936a3f4305cf107bee75","result_position":66,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":6778698,"title":"Enhancing versus Suppressive Effects of Stress on Immune Function: Implications for Immunoprotection and Immunopathology","venue":"Neuroimmunomodulation","year":2009,"authors":["F. Dhabhar"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1159/000216188","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9a4bc36245c64b84d489161e282660b3ccabe60a","result_position":67,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":248152531,"title":"Stress-induced pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine concentrations in female PTSD and depressive patients","venue":"Translational Psychiatry","year":2022,"authors":["Vanessa Renner","J. Schellong","S. Bornstein","K. Petrowski"],"abstract":"Alterations of the hypothalamus pituitary-axis on one hand and heightened rates of somatic diseases and mortality on the other hand are consistently found for PTSD and MDD patients. A possible link between these factors might be the immune system, in particular pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. A ‘low-grade inflammation’ in PTSD and MDD patients was found, whereas the influence of acute stress and the role of anti-inflammatory cytokines was rarely examined. In this study, 17 female PTSD patients participated in the Trier social stress test while serum cytokine levels (IL-6, IL-10) were assessed. Cytokine levels of PTSD patients were compared with levels of female depressive patients ( n = 18) and female healthy controls ( n = 18). Group differences were assessed using a 3 (group) x 8 (time: −15, −1, +1, +10, +20, +30, +45, +60 min) ANCOVA for repeated measures with baseline values as covariates. There was no group difference regarding IL-6 levels ( p = 0.920) but PTSD patients showed significantly higher levels of IL-10 compared with depressive patients ( p < 0.001, d = 0.16) and healthy controls ( p = 0.001, d = 0.38). Under acute stress, PTSD patients did not show the widely found elevated IL-6 levels but showed an increase of anti-inflammatory IL-10. Therefore, acute stress seems to promote an imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels in PTSD and might indicate a hyperreactive immune response. This should be considered in future studies to further understand the role of the immune system as a link between stress response and somatic diseases.","doi":"10.1038/s41398-022-01921-1","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6dc54e770daff16bef542161d8d1ee4a6135bdb1","result_position":68,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":46750679,"title":"Inflammatory parameters in sexually abused children","venue":"Saudi Medical Journal","year":2017,"authors":["Kilic Serbulent","K. Ozlem","Tutanc Murat"],"abstract":"Objectives: To investigate whether serum levels of cortisol, interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 differed between children with or without a sexual trauma. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Child Protective Service (CPS), Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey, between May 2016 and July 2016. Three different markers (cortisol, interleukin-6 and interleukin-10) were used to perform this experiment. We included 17 children age less than 18 years old and sexually abused, and 10 children who were not abused as a control group. The levels of cortisol, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10 were measured in blood samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The results of the experiment were statistically analyzed. Results: The findings indicate that serum levels of interleukin-6 were higher in the sexually abused children compared with the control group (p=0.002). There were no significant differences in the serum levels of cortisol (p=0.604) and interleukin-10 (p=0.835) between the sexually abused children and the control group. Conclusion No significant differences were seen between the patients with or without sexual assault in terms of cortisol and IL-10 levels. It is found that in age-matched controls, SAC had higher IL-6 levels.","doi":"10.15537/smj.2017.12.21463","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/60cc66f9fcacf4ac7c6ffd781b3605d026f3ce1a","result_position":69,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":5549510,"title":"Psychological stress and the human immune system: a meta-analytic study of 30 years of inquiry.","venue":"Psychological bulletin","year":2004,"authors":["S. Segerstrom","G. Miller"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1037/0033-2909.130.4.601","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/eeff8be1106778948b18d94e4ea16f28b42d16ee","result_position":70,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":22738931,"title":"Stress-Induced Immune Dysregulation: Implications for Wound Healing, Infectious Disease and Cancer","venue":"Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology","year":2006,"authors":["J. Godbout","R. Glaser"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1007/s11481-006-9036-0","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/938e7c622f9af3c340f2965b9aba214f859b99f0","result_position":71,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":46888079,"title":"Stress and the psyche–brain–immune network in psychiatric diseases based on psychoneuroendocrineimmunology: a concise review","venue":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","year":2019,"authors":["A. Bottaccioli","F. Bottaccioli","A. Minelli"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1111/nyas.13728","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/013b385e0bd8e29bf1d8056482a9dc7d38234a49","result_position":72,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":272045221,"title":"Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis: Unveiling the Potential Mechanisms Involved in Stress-Induced Alzheimer’s Disease and Depression","venue":"Cureus","year":2024,"authors":["Sharan P","Chitra Vellapandian"],"abstract":"The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis plays a pivotal role in the body's response to stress, orchestrating the release of glucocorticoids. In chronic scenarios, these glucocorticoids contribute to various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and depression. This abstract explores the potential mechanisms through which HPA axis dysregulation links stress-induced pathways to the pathogenesis of AD and subsequent depression. Chronic stress triggers prolonged HPA axis activation, resulting in elevated cortisol levels, which can lead to hippocampal atrophy, synaptic dysfunction, and neuroinflammation, recognized as key pathological features of AD. These alterations impair cognitive function and may exacerbate amyloid-beta plaque formation and tau hyperphosphorylation, hallmarks of AD. Concurrently, persistent cortisol elevation affects the prefrontal cortex and limbic structures, contributing to depressive symptoms. The interplay between chronic stress, HPA axis dysregulation, and neuroinflammation is crucial in understanding the comorbidity of AD and depression. Unveiling these mechanisms provides insights into potential therapeutic targets aimed at modulating the HPA axis and reducing stress-induced neurodegeneration, offering a dual benefit in managing both AD and depression. Further research is essential to elucidate the precise molecular pathways and develop effective interventions to mitigate the impact of chronic stress on brain health.","doi":"10.7759/cureus.67595","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a55ecb3930265e328a4d39409a9f76ea8b434584","result_position":73,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":3947468,"title":"Modern approaches to understanding stress and disease susceptibility: A review with special emphasis on respiratory disease","venue":"International Journal of General Medicine","year":2009,"authors":["P. Aich","A. Potter","P. Griebel"],"abstract":"Studies in animals and humans link both physical and psychological stress with an increased incidence and severity of respiratory infections. For this manuscript we define stress as the physiological responses an individual undergoes while adjusting to a continually changing environment. It is known that stressors of various types (psychological/physical) can alter the physiological levels of certain hormones, chemokines and cytokines. These alterations send information to the central nervous system to take necessary action which then sends messages to appropriate organs/tissues/cells to respond. These messages can either activate or suppress the immune system as needed and failure to compensate for this by the body can lead to serious health-related problems. Little is known how stress affects disease susceptibility, yet understanding this mechanism is important for developing effective treatments, and for improving health and food quality. The current review focuses on (a) the effects of psychological stressors in humans and animals, (b) various methodologies employed to understand stress responses and their outcomes, and (c) the current status of the attempts to correlate stress and disease with respiratory disease as model system. The methodologies included in this review span traditional epidemiological, behavioral and immunological studies to current high throughput genomic, proteomic, metabolomic/metabonomic approaches. With the advent of various newer omics and bioinformatics methodologies we postulate that it will become feasible to understand the mechanisms through which stress can influence disease onset. Although the literature in this area is limited because of the infancy of this research area, the objective of this review is to illustrate the power of new approaches to address complex biological questions. These new approaches will also aid in our understanding how these processes are related to the dynamics and kinetics of changes in expression of multiple genes at various levels.","doi":"10.2147/IJGM.S4843","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5560c5577076d3180d78439586d9ebe75653b20f","result_position":74,"is_clicked":false}],"string":"[\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 265629106,\n \"title\": \"The Role of Cortisol in Chronic Stress, Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Psychological Disorders\",\n \"venue\": \"Cells\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Emilija Knezevic\",\n \"Katarina Nenic\",\n \"Vladislav Milanovic\",\n \"N. Knezevic\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Cortisol, a critical glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal glands, plays a pivotal role in various physiological processes. Its release is finely orchestrated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus, governing the circadian rhythm and activating the intricate hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, a vital neuroendocrine system responsible for stress response and maintaining homeostasis. Disruptions in cortisol regulation due to chronic stress, disease, and aging have profound implications for multiple bodily systems. Animal models have been instrumental in elucidating these complex cortisol dynamics during stress, shedding light on the interplay between physiological, neuroendocrine, and immune factors in the stress response. These models have also revealed the impact of various stressors, including social hierarchies, highlighting the role of social factors in cortisol regulation. Moreover, chronic stress is closely linked to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, driven by excessive cortisol production and HPA axis dysregulation, along with neuroinflammation in the central nervous system. The relationship between cortisol dysregulation and major depressive disorder is complex, characterized by HPA axis hyperactivity and chronic inflammation. Lastly, chronic pain is associated with abnormal cortisol patterns that heighten pain sensitivity and susceptibility. Understanding these multifaceted mechanisms and their effects is essential, as they offer insights into potential interventions to mitigate the detrimental consequences of chronic stress and cortisol dysregulation in these conditions.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/cells12232726\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5c9a6abb3e1f30e694425d16fce0e8df4e387499\",\n \"result_position\": 0,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 251506926,\n \"title\": \"The Relationship between Stress, Inflammation, and Depression\",\n \"venue\": \"Biomedicines\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"I. Kim\",\n \"Jae-Hon Lee\",\n \"Seon-Cheol Park\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"A narrative review about the relationship between stress, inflammation, and depression is made as follows: Chronic stress leads to various stress-related diseases such as depression. Although most human diseases are related to stress exposure, the common pathways between stress and pathophysiological processes of different disorders are still debatable. Chronic inflammation is a crucial component of chronic diseases, including depression. Both experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated that an increase in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and stress hormones, such as glucocorticoids, substantially contributes to the behavioral alterations associated with depression. Evidence suggests that inflammation plays a key role in the pathology of stress-related diseases; however, this link has not yet been completely explored. In this study, we aimed to determine the role of inflammation in stress-induced diseases and whether a common pathway for depression exists. Recent studies support pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment approaches significantly associated with ameliorating depression-related inflammation. In addition, major depression can be associated with an activated immune system, whereas antidepressants can exert immunomodulatory effects. Moreover, non-pharmacological treatments for major depression (i.e., exercise) may be mediated by anti-inflammatory actions. This narrative review highlights the mechanisms underlying inflammation and provides new insights into the prevention and treatment of stress-related diseases, particularly depression.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/biomedicines10081929\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/561661143e477f5d6802e524afb795df9ca3b70d\",\n \"result_position\": 1,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 53782733,\n \"title\": \"Inflammation–Nature's Way to Efficiently Respond to All Types of Challenges: Implications for Understanding and Managing “the Epidemic” of Chronic Diseases\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Medicine\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Bennett\",\n \"G. Reeves\",\n \"G. Billman\",\n \"J. Sturmberg\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Siloed or singular system approach to disease management is common practice, developing out of traditional medical school education. Textbooks of medicine describe a huge number of discrete diseases, usually in a systematic fashion following headings like etiology, pathology, investigations, differential diagnoses, and management. This approach suggests that the body has a multitude of ways to respond to harmful incidences. However, physiology and systems biology provide evidence that there is a simple mechanism behind this phenotypical variability. Regardless if an injury or change was caused by trauma, infection, non-communicable disease, autoimmune disorders, or stress, the typical physiological response is: an increase in blood supply to the area, an increase in white cells into the affected tissue, an increase in phagocytic activity to remove the offending agent, followed by a down-regulation of these mechanisms resulting in healing. The cascade of inflammation is the body‘s unique mechanism to maintain its integrity in response to macroscopic as well as microscopic injuries. We hypothesize that chronic disease development and progression are linked to uncontrolled or dysfunctional inflammation to injuries regardless of their nature, physical, environmental, or psychological. Thus, we aim to reframe the prevailing approach of management of individual diseases into a more integrated systemic approach of treating the “person as a whole,” enhancing the patient experience, ability to a make necessary changes, and maximize overall health and well-being. The first part of the paper reviews the local immune cascades of pro- and anti-inflammatory regulation and the interconnected feedback loops with neural and psychological pathways. The second part emphasizes one of nature's principles at work—system design and efficiency. Continually overwhelming this finely tuned system will result in systemic inflammation allowing chronic diseases to emerge; the pathways of several common conditions are described in detail. The final part of the paper considers the implications of these understandings for clinical care and explore how this lens could shape the physician-patient encounter and health system redesign. We conclude that healthcare professionals must advocate for an anti-inflammatory lifestyle at the patient level as well as at the local and national levels to enhance population health and well-being.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fmed.2018.00316\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4d5979b19dd94c0cbd02a13c8d8d953abb415c2d\",\n \"result_position\": 2,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 212679421,\n \"title\": \"The role of neuroinflammation on pathogenesis of affective disorders\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Sung-Ja Rhie\",\n \"Eun-Yee Jung\",\n \"I. Shim\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Accumulating evidence suggests that neuroinflammation plays an important role in etiology of psychiatric disorders. Neuronflammation involves a combination of psychological, neuroendocrine, and nervous systems resulting in changes of neurotransmitter metabolism, dysregulation of the hypothalamuspituitary-adrenal axis, pathologic microglial cell activation, impaired neuroplasticity, and structural and functional brain changes affecting cognition and emotional behavior. Inflammatory cytokines have been postulated to be the possible link and culprit in the disruption of these systems. The outcome of any type of dysregulation of the immune system in the brain might lead to occurrence of depression, anxiety. This review focuses on the possible impact of dysregulated cytokine networks which may cause pathogenesis of affective disorders such as depression and anxiety.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.12965/jer.2040016.008\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d99e7caa2cbbaaf2a317dfb465d6181a11ac10be\",\n \"result_position\": 3,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 277479866,\n \"title\": \"Neuroinflammation—A Crucial Factor in the Pathophysiology of Depression—A Comprehensive Review\",\n \"venue\": \"Biomolecules\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Sălcudean\",\n \"C. Bodo\",\n \"R. Popovici\",\n \"M. Cozma\",\n \"Mariana Păcurar\",\n \"R. Craciun\",\n \"A. Crișan\",\n \"V. Enătescu\",\n \"Ileana Marinescu\",\n \"D. Cîmpian\",\n \"Andreea-Georgiana Nan\",\n \"A. Sasu\",\n \"R. Anculia\",\n \"E. Strete\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Depression is a multifactorial psychiatric condition with complex pathophysiology, increasingly linked to neuroinflammatory processes. The present review explores the role of neuroinflammation in depression, focusing on glial cell activation, cytokine signaling, blood–brain barrier dysfunction, and disruptions in neurotransmitter systems. The article highlights how inflammatory mediators influence brain regions implicated in mood regulation, such as the hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex. The review further discusses the involvement of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, oxidative stress, and the kynurenine pathway, providing mechanistic insights into how chronic inflammation may underlie emotional and cognitive symptoms of depression. The bidirectional relationship between inflammation and depressive symptoms is emphasized, along with the role of peripheral immune responses and systemic stress. By integrating molecular, cellular, and neuroendocrine perspectives, this review supports the growing field of immunopsychiatry and lays the foundation for novel diagnostic biomarkers and anti-inflammatory treatment approaches in depression. Further research in this field holds promise for developing more effective and personalized interventions for individuals suffering from depression.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/biom15040502\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/34f64e76046f548753bf63044aee0aee745f984b\",\n \"result_position\": 4,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 16685322,\n \"title\": \"A Possible Change Process of Inflammatory Cytokines in the Prolonged Chronic Stress and Its Ultimate Implications for Health\",\n \"venue\": \"TheScientificWorldJournal\",\n \"year\": 2014,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Rui Tian\",\n \"Gonglin Hou\",\n \"Dan Li\",\n \"T. Yuan\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Sustained stress triggers series of changes in the brain and the body. At the early stage of stress, the activated hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) axis can upregulate the levels of glucocorticoid (GCs) and catecholamines (CAs), respectively, and then they in turn inhibit the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines directly or indirectly while promoting the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines. At the prolonged stage, the sustained activated HPA demonstrates cortisol-resistance. At the same time, the inflammation related transcription pathway, such as nuclear-factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling, may be inhibited. Additionally, the inflammatory cytokines mediate a negative feedback regulation on themselves. Collectively, these regulations may increase the proinflammatory cytokines while decreasing the anti-inflammatory cytokines. This may further activate NF-κB and increase the proinflammation cytokines, which in turn reduce the inflammatory responses, contributing to various diseases.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1155/2014/780616\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ab3c8eb82bf472ffa57b76cf40499393bdca0563\",\n \"result_position\": 5,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 229324654,\n \"title\": \"Cortisol level dysregulation and its prevalence—Is it nature's alarm clock?\",\n \"venue\": \"Physiological Reports\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Carol Jones\",\n \"C. Gwenin\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This review examines the stress hormone cortisol which plays an important role in regulating and supporting different bodily functions. Disruption in cortisol production has an impact on health and this review looks at a wide range of papers where cortisol has been indicated as a factor in numerous chronic conditions—especially those which are classed as “noncommunicable diseases” (NCDs). Timely detection, screening, and treatment for NCDs are vital to address the growing problem of NCDs worldwide—this would have health and socioeconomic benefits. Interestingly, many of the papers highlight the pro‐inflammatory consequences of cortisol dysregulation and its deleterious effects on the body. This is particularly relevant given the recent findings concerning COVID‐19 where pro‐inflammatory cytokines have been implicated in severe inflammation.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.14814/phy2.14644\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7b1c5a32dc7e9a80e295828ab367cedc7d418000\",\n \"result_position\": 6,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 207945786,\n \"title\": \"Anorexia Nervosa and the Immune System—A Narrative Review\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Clinical Medicine\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Dennis Gibson\",\n \"P. Mehler\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The pathogenesis of an increasing number of chronic diseases is being attributed to effects of the immune system. However, its role in the development and maintenance of anorexia nervosa is seemingly under-appreciated. Yet, in examining the available research on the immune system and genetic studies in anorexia nervosa, one becomes increasingly suspicious of the immune system’s potential role in the pathophysiology of anorexia nervosa. Specifically, research is suggestive of increased levels of various pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as the spontaneous production of tumor necrosis factor in anorexia nervosa; genetic studies further support a dysregulated immune system in this disorder. Potential contributors to this dysregulated immune system are discussed including increased oxidative stress, chronic physiological/psychological stress, changes in the intestinal microbiota, and an abnormal bone marrow microenvironment, all of which are present in anorexia nervosa.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/jcm8111915\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1b4690c8c932ced50722e384f1cdfc9b0d2f0e9c\",\n \"result_position\": 7,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 7218251,\n \"title\": \"A functional genomic fingerprint of chronic stress in humans: blunted glucocorticoid and increased NF-kappaB signaling.\",\n \"venue\": \"Biological Psychiatry\",\n \"year\": 2008,\n \"authors\": [\n \"G. Miller\",\n \"E. Chen\",\n \"J. Sze\",\n \"Teresa J Marin\",\n \"J. Arevalo\",\n \"R. Doll\",\n \"R. Má\",\n \"S. Cole\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.03.017\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0552f4b180e781ee3dfb1bf0059de9521116d2dd\",\n \"result_position\": 8,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 221109843,\n \"title\": \"Psychological Stress: A Predisposing and Exacerbating Factor in Periodontitis\",\n \"venue\": \"Current Oral Health Reports\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Anna Spector\",\n \"T. Postolache\",\n \"F. Akram\",\n \"Alison J. Scott\",\n \"A. Wadhawan\",\n \"M. Reynolds\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of the interactions between psychological stress, the immune system, and periodontitis, including the dynamic role of host stress responses in altering immune function, altering the oral microbiome and biofilm formation, and promoting local and systemic disease progression. Within the context of periodontal health and disease, stress leads to an impairment of effective antimicrobial defense, shifts in oral microbiome profiles toward more pathogenic gene expression and taxa composition, increased translocation, and biofilm formation. The link between stress and periodontitis is multiform and includes hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and catecholamine activation, production of immune mediators of inflammation and, clinically, syndromes of depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, and sleep-wake disorders. Psychological stress appears to be an important modifiable risk factor for the development and progression of periodontitis and other periodontal diseases.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s40496-020-00282-2\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dd4636301117487b19723fc89386d5b62ed64964\",\n \"result_position\": 9,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 272743905,\n \"title\": \"Neurobiological Implications of Chronic Stress and Metabolic Dysregulation in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases\",\n \"venue\": \"Diseases\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Aleksandar Sič\",\n \"Kiana Cvetkovic\",\n \"Eshanika Manchanda\",\n \"N. Knezevic\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Chronic stress is a significant factor affecting modern society, with profound implications for both physical and mental health. Central to the stress response is cortisol, a glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal glands. While cortisol release is adaptive in acute stress, prolonged exposure to elevated levels can result in adverse effects. This manuscript explores the neurobiological implications of chronic stress and its impact on metabolic dysregulation, particularly in the context of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis regulates cortisol production, which influences metabolism, immune response, and neurobiology. Elevated cortisol levels are associated with the development and exacerbation of metabolic disorders like IBD and contribute to neurodegenerative processes, including cognitive impairments and increased susceptibility to psychiatric conditions. The interaction between cortisol and its receptors, particularly glucocorticoid receptors, underscores the complexity of these effects. This review aims to elucidate the mechanisms through which chronic stress and cortisol dysregulation impact metabolic health and neurobiological function, providing insights into potential therapeutic strategies for mitigating these effects.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/diseases12090220\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e7c14b367afc0c02276b980aaa72f01568e9a274\",\n \"result_position\": 10,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 251193964,\n \"title\": \"The Impact of Mental Stress on Cardiovascular Health—Part II\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Clinical Medicine\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Henein\",\n \"Sergio Vancheri\",\n \"Giovanni Longo\",\n \"F. Vancheri\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Endothelial dysfunction is one of the earliest manifestations of atherosclerosis, contributing to its development and progression. Mental stress induces endothelial dysfunction through increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system, release of corticotropin-releasing hormone from the hypothalamus, inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis by cortisol, and increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Mental-stress-induced increased output of the sympathetic nervous system and concomitant withdrawal of the parasympathetic inflammatory reflex results in systemic inflammation and activation of a neural–hematopoietic–arterial axis. This includes the brainstem and subcortical regions network, bone marrow activation, release of leukocytes into the circulation and their migration to the arterial wall and atherosclerotic plaques. Low-grade, sterile inflammation is involved in all steps of atherogenesis, from coronary plaque formation to destabilisation and rupture. Increased sympathetic tone may cause arterial smooth-muscle-cell proliferation, resulting in vascular hypertrophy, thus contributing to the development of hypertension. Emotional events also cause instability of cardiac repolarisation due to brain lateralised imbalance of cardiac autonomic nervous stimulation, which may lead to asymmetric repolarisation and arrhythmia. Acute emotional stress can also provoke severe catecholamine release, leading to direct myocyte injury due to calcium overload, known as myocytolysis, coronary microvascular vasoconstriction, and an increase in left ventricular afterload. These changes can trigger a heart failure syndrome mimicking acute myocardial infarction, characterised by transient left ventricular dysfunction and apical ballooning, known as stress (Takotsubo) cardiomyopathy. Women are more prone than men to develop mental-stress-induced myocardial ischemia (MSIMI), probably reflecting gender differences in brain activation patterns during mental stress. Although guidelines on CV prevention recognise psychosocial factors as risk modifiers to improve risk prediction and decision making, the evidence that their assessment and treatment will prevent CAD needs further evaluation.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/jcm11154405\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/eaed9edcd48a8ca9921e8e3af2b9581cf6902be9\",\n \"result_position\": 11,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 243809826,\n \"title\": \"Overtraining from a sports psychiatry perspective\",\n \"venue\": \"Deutsche Zeitschrift für Sportmedizin/German Journal of Sports Medicine\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Schorb\",\n \"J. Niebauer\",\n \"W. Aichhorn\",\n \"G. Schiepek\",\n \"J. Scherr\",\n \"M. Claussen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Overtraining is characterized by a mismatch between exerted strain and exercise tolerance. Overtraining is generally not sufficiently feared nor is enough attention paid to its prevention. As a result, the first warning signals and symptoms are often either perceived too late or there is a delay in the correct interpretation of signs. This often leads to negative consequences over months, which, in turn, can lead to more frequent injuries as well as Depression. Due to the increasing professionalism and density of competition in competitive sports, overtraining occurs more frequently as athletes are left with a shorter period of time to recover. In order to treat overtraining, it is first necessary to identify the syndrome. Symptoms are often disregarded and trainers and athletes attempt to compensate for poor performance with excessive training. This leads to a vicious cycle with significant reduction of the overall performance of the athlete as a consequence. Psychological parameters can also be signs of non-func-tional overload. Examples include restlessness, irritability, emotional instability, recurring states of fear, emerging indifference or reduced performance motivation. However, disturbed cognitive processes as an impairment of central elements of movement control can also occur. As part of sports psychiatric support, conspicuous psychological parameters can be recorded and contextualised. The Synergetic Navigation System (SNS) is available for systematic recording and corresponding process management. The Synergetic Navigation System (SNS) can be used as an instrument for load, training and competition control to prevent non-functional overload and overtraining. It is also suitable for promoting performance and preventing injuries as well as stabilizing the psychological structure. Key Words: Mental Health Symptoms, Mental Disorders, Injury Prevention, Exercise Intolerance, Synergetic Navigation System (SNS)\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5960/dzsm.2021.496\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3182f6ff202b7559586b23c85e012acd6d7921ae\",\n \"result_position\": 12,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 276363426,\n \"title\": \"Chronic Stress and Headaches: The Role of the HPA Axis and Autonomic Nervous System\",\n \"venue\": \"Biomedicines\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Aleksandar Sič\",\n \"Marko Bogicevic\",\n \"Nebojsa Brezic\",\n \"Clara Nemr\",\n \"N. Knezevic\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Chronic stress significantly influences the pathogenesis of headache disorders, affecting millions worldwide. This review explores the intricate relationship between stress and headaches, focusing on the dysregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and autonomic nervous system (ANS). Persistent stress could lead to neuroinflammation, increased pain sensitivity, and vascular changes that could contribute to headache development and progression. The bidirectional nature of this relationship creates a vicious cycle, with recurrent headaches becoming a source of additional stress. Dysregulation of the HPA axis and ANS imbalance could amplify susceptibility to headaches, intensifying their frequency and severity. While pharmacological interventions remain common, non-pharmacological approaches targeting stress reduction, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, biofeedback, and relaxation techniques, offer promising avenues for comprehensive headache management. By addressing the underlying stress-related mechanisms, these approaches provide a sustainable strategy to reduce headache frequency and improve patients’ quality of life.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/biomedicines13020463\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/639244ef138a464450e26d43f5e7006474727313\",\n \"result_position\": 13,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 250612112,\n \"title\": \"A narrative review on yoga: a potential intervention for augmenting immunomodulation and mental health in COVID-19\",\n \"venue\": \"BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Indranill Basu-Ray\",\n \"K. Metri\",\n \"D. Khanra\",\n \"R. Revankar\",\n \"K. Chinnaiyan\",\n \"Nagaratna Raghuram\",\n \"M. Mishra\",\n \"B. Patwardhan\",\n \"Manjunath N. K. Sharma\",\n \"I. Basavaraddi\",\n \"A. Anand\",\n \"Shrinath Reddy\",\n \"K. Deepak\",\n \"M. Levy\",\n \"Sue Theus\",\n \"Glenn N. Levine\",\n \"H. Cramer\",\n \"G. Fricchione\",\n \"Nagendra R. Hongasandra\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Background The ongoing novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has a significant mortality rate of 3–5%. The principal causes of multiorgan failure and death are cytokine release syndrome and immune dysfunction. Stress, anxiety, and depression has been aggravated by the pandemic and its resultant restrictions in day-to-day life which may contribute to immune dysregulation. Thus, immunity strengthening and the prevention of cytokine release syndrome are important for preventing and minimizing mortality in COVID-19 patients. However, despite a few specific remedies that now exist for the SARS-CoV-2virus, the principal modes of prevention include vaccination, masking, and holistic healing methods, such as yoga. Currently, extensive research is being conducted to better understand the neuroendocrinoimmunological mechanisms by which yoga alleviates stress and inflammation. This review article explores the anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating potentials of yoga, along with its role in reducing risk for immune dysfunction and impaired mental health. Methods We conducted this narrative review from published literature in MEDLINE, EMBASE, COCHRANE databases. Screening was performed for titles and abstracts by two independent review authors; potentially eligible citations were retrieved for full-text review. References of included articles and articles of major non-indexed peer reviewed journals were searched for relevance by two independent review authors. A third review author checked the excluded records. All disagreements were resolved through discussion amongst review authors or through adjudication by a fourth review author. Abstracts, editorials, conference proceedings and clinical trial registrations were excluded. Observations Yoga is a nonpharmacological, cost-effective, and safe intervention associated with several health benefits. Originating in ancient India, this vast discipline consists of postures (asanas), breathing techniques (pranayama), meditation (dhyana/dharana), and relaxation. Studies have demonstrated yoga’s ability to bolster innate immunity and to inhibit cytokine release syndrome. As an intervention, yoga has been shown to improve mental health, as it alleviates anxiety, depression, and stress and enhances mindfulness, self-control, and self-regulation. Yoga has been correlated with numerous cardioprotective effects, which also may play a role in COVID-19 by preventing lung and cardiac injury. Conclusion and relevance This review paves the path for further research on yoga as a potential intervention for enhancing innate immunity and mental health and thus its role in prevention and adjunctive treatment in COVID-19.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1186/s12906-022-03666-2\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1a4adbac81cfb13348da6e3698005765f71c7568\",\n \"result_position\": 14,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 273713948,\n \"title\": \"Stress and stress responses: A narrative literature review from physiological mechanisms to intervention approaches\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"F. Ghasemi\",\n \"David Q Beversdorf\",\n \"Keith C. Herman\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Stress, an inevitable aspect of human existence, triggers complex physiological and behavioral responses aimed at maintaining internal equilibrium. It requires a multifaceted understanding encompassing its physiological, pathophysiological, and behavioral dimensions to inform effective treatment approaches. This narrative literature review attempts to understand the evolution of research on stress, from its historical roots to current physiological, pathophysiological, and conceptual understandings. Pathophysiological consequences of chronic stress, including cardiovascular disease and immune system dysregulation, highlight the need for comprehensive prevention and intervention strategies. The results demonstrate the importance of adopting a holistic approach to stress management, combining pharmacological interventions with psychological therapies such as cognitive-behavioral therapy and other third-wave approaches. For chronic stress, long-term strategies focusing on lifestyle modifications, social support, and coping skills enhancement are recommended, whereas acute stress may benefit from immediate pharmacological interventions to mitigate physiological arousal and promote relaxation. The review results also indicate the significance of the biopsychosocial framework in understanding stress by acknowledging its multifaceted nature, emphasizing the effectiveness and sustainability of diverse intervention strategies, and highlighting the role of societal factors in shaping stress experiences and treatment outcomes. Further research is warranted to clarify the mechanisms underlying stress responses and refine intervention strategies for optimal efficacy and sustainability.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1177/18344909241289222\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/669ad8883ca1c11b03aa1247c274acb9a267a906\",\n \"result_position\": 15,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 275848461,\n \"title\": \"Sex Differences in the Associations Among Early Life Adversity, Inflammation, and Cognition\",\n \"venue\": \"Biomolecules\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"E. Logue\",\n \"Charles B. Nemeroff\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Early life adversity (ELA) has long been recognized to negatively impact a variety of health outcomes, with increasingly recognized long-term implications for neurocognitive function. ELA may affect the brain through multiple mechanisms, including chronic inflammation. One potential moderator of the pathway from ELA to neuroinflammation to cognitive dysfunction is sex. ELA may leave females potentially even more vulnerable to cognitive impairment in later life. This review discusses the influence of ELA on cognitive function across much of the lifespan, how inflammation is implicated in this process, and the current state of knowledge regarding sex differences in these relationships. We conclude with a discussion of unanswered questions and suggestions for future research, including the incorporation of genetic data.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/biom15020161\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bd77668da726604ce122f7a4a2205994deb85cf0\",\n \"result_position\": 16,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 279405604,\n \"title\": \"Research Progress on Inflammation and Immune Dysregulation in PTSD\",\n \"venue\": \"Brain and Behavior\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Luodong Yang\",\n \"Jiaying Lu\",\n \"Zhiqiang Zhao\",\n \"Ziwei Zhang\",\n \"Weiliang Yang\",\n \"Guiqing Zhang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe psychological condition triggered by traumatic events, commonly characterized by symptoms such as re‐experiencing traumatic memories, avoidance, hyperarousal, and disturbances in cognition and emotions. While PTSD is often viewed through a psychological lens, increasing evidence highlights its strong association with immune system dysfunction and inflammation. This narrative review summarizes recent research progress on the role of inflammation and immune dysregulation in PTSD, highlighting key findings and their implications for understanding the pathophysiology of the disorder.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1002/brb3.70633\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3b804a514536eba8e6a46995cd02566da0194ab2\",\n \"result_position\": 17,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 279264495,\n \"title\": \"Psychoneuroimmunological Evidence for Biological Embedding During Early Adolescence\",\n \"venue\": \"Developmental Psychobiology\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"E. Jopling\",\n \"K. Rnic\",\n \"A. Tracy\",\n \"J. LeMoult\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"ABSTRACT Adolescence is a period of vulnerability wherein stress can become biologically embedded in ways that impact long‐term trajectories of mental and physical health. In particular, stressors are transduced into physiological changes via the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis in ways that can impact both physical and mental health. However, there continues to be uncertainty regarding how to best differentiate and understand well‐regulated HPA axis reactivity to stress from dysregulated HPA axis reactivity. One promising approach involves examining multiple biomarkers; indeed, there is evidence that dysregulation of the HPA axis profoundly influences the regulation of the immune system. A cohort of adolescent youth was followed across two ubiquitous stressors—the transition to high school and the COVID‐19 pandemic. Nuanced longitudinal associations between HPA axis activity (i.e., cortisol) and immune system activity (i.e., panel of inflammatory markers) were examined. Findings provide evidence of biological specificity wherein HPA axis hyperactivity during the COVID‐19 pandemic was associated with elevated levels of an empirically derived inflammatory composite, which may be driven by elevations in tumor necrosis factor‐alpha, interleukin‐6, and c‐reactive protein. The current work advances the literature on allostatic load and the glucocorticoid‐resistance model in youth. By extending our current understanding of how stress influences adolescent well‐being, it also has important implications for mental and physical health prevention and intervention efforts.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1002/dev.70052\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/52c9aeaa8b3a3a9c3e57019bff9ff8af8d2fc11d\",\n \"result_position\": 18,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 252650069,\n \"title\": \"On the Role of Psychoneuroimmunology in Oral Medicine\",\n \"venue\": \"International Dental Journal\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Lennart Seizer\",\n \"C. Schubert\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is an area of interdisciplinary research exploring the complex interactions within the immuno-neuro-endocrine system in response to psychosocial influences. Such influences can trigger neurological changes, leading to immunological effects related to the emergence and course of various diseases. This concise clinical review explores the role of PNI in oral medicine in three exemplary models of oral disease: periodontitis, herpes labialis, and oral lichen planus. Previous literature has shown that psychosocial stress is related to exacerbations in these three oral diseases and to poorer overall oral health. The presumed biological mechanisms affect the activity of stress axes, i.e. the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), and subsequent immune system dysregulation. Although these PNI mechanisms remain poorly understood, several stress reduction interventions in clinical oral medicine have already yielded promising results. In future work, the elucidation of pathways within PNI networks will require carefully designed studies with sensitive methodology, e.g. the integrative single-case design. A biopsychosocial approach has the potential to move disease models in oral medicine from simple connections rooted in empirical dualism and reductionism to the establishment of network-based models. Further research on these complex connections should lead to novel clinical approaches and preventive strategies in oral medicine.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.identj.2022.07.002\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c1b8e5090f23b0e5d033041547dc4fb3cac6c6ef\",\n \"result_position\": 19,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 277376894,\n \"title\": \"The Impact of Stress on Autoimmune Disorders: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus\",\n \"venue\": \"Cureus\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. A. Alzaabi\",\n \"F. Alzaabi\",\n \"Dana J Al Tarawneh\",\n \"Yusuf J Al Tarawneh\",\n \"Abdallah Khan\",\n \"Mohammed Abdul Muqsit Khan\",\n \"T. Siddiqui\",\n \"R. Siddiqui\",\n \"Syed Muhammad Hayyan Nishat\",\n \"S. W. Siddiqui\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Autoimmune disorders, including type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), are influenced by a combination of genetic, environmental, and immunological factors. Among these, stress, both physical and psychological, has been increasingly recognized as a significant contributor to disease onset and progression. This review explores the current literature on the relationship between stress and autoimmune diseases, focusing on the neuroendocrine pathways, such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and the effects of glucocorticoids on immune modulation. These mechanisms contribute to clinical manifestations, such as disease flares or progression, highlighting the impact of stress on patient outcomes. Evidence suggests that psychological stress can precipitate the onset of T1DM in genetically predisposed individuals, with immune disruptions occurring before diagnosis. In SLE, both acute and chronic stress, particularly trauma-induced stress, has been linked to increased disease activity and flare-ups, largely due to stress-induced immune dysregulation that disrupts the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Despite the substantial evidence supporting the role of stress in autoimmune disease exacerbation, further research is necessary to fully understand the mechanisms by which stress influences autoimmune diseases and to develop effective stress management.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.7759/cureus.81228\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/984a66fca4dada7b61daf1d1a07ba0168fc536bd\",\n \"result_position\": 20,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 267951820,\n \"title\": \"Pathophysiology of depression: inflammation and its relation with oxidative stress and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis\",\n \"venue\": \"Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Engy Nady\",\n \"M. El-Derany\",\n \"Haidy Michel\",\n \"E. El-demerdash\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Depression is well-known to be a widespread, disabling mental disorder. Despite the many theories that have been put forth to explain the underlying pathophysiology of depression, the exact pathophysiology remains uncertain. In this review, we aim to summarize pathophysiological pathways and experimental animal models for depression, focusing mainly on inflammatory pathways. Stress is a well-known predisposing factor for depression. So, we aim to demonstrate the link between stress and inflammation in depression pathophysiology, highlighting the role of microglia activation, the release of proinflammatory cytokines, and the production of neurotoxic metabolites. We also aim to show the link between inflammation and the disturbance of serotonin, which is also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and norepinephrine (NE) levels in the brain. Activated microglia produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which further enhances the inflammatory response. Additionally, we aim to illustrate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity that occurs as a result of stressful conditions and the consequent resistance of glucocorticoid receptors (GRs), leading to the failure of glucocorticoids to suppress inflammation. We also aim to demonstrate experimental animal models of depression that are based on psychological stress, such as the maternal separation model and the social defeat stress (SDS) model, as well as reviewing the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inflammation-based model. We also aim to briefly review the widely used chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.21608/aps.2024.249632.1143\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/50d06286d56e2d4aafbca880ce96c50541aae50c\",\n \"result_position\": 21,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 250443191,\n \"title\": \"The role of inflammatory markers and cortisol in the association between early social cognition abilities and later internalising or externalising problems: Evidence from a U.K. birth cohort.\",\n \"venue\": \"Brain, behavior, and immunity\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"D. Ji\",\n \"M. Francesconi\",\n \"Flouri\",\n \"E. Papachristou\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"OBJECTIVE\\nDeficits in social cognition are associated with internalising (emotional and peer problems) and externalising (conduct problems and hyperactivity/inattention) symptoms in youth. It has been suggested that stress may be one of the mechanisms underlying these associations. However, no empirical studies have investigated if physiological stress can explain the prospective associations between social cognition deficits and internalising and externalising symptoms in the general youth population. This study addressed this question and focused on two indicators of physiological stress, dysregulated diurnal cortisol patterns and systemic inflammation.\\n\\n\\nMETHOD\\nParticipants were 714 individuals from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a UK population-based birth cohort. Bayesian structural equation modelling was used to investigate a) the associations of social cognition abilities at ages 8, 11, and 14 years with internalising and externalising problems at age 17 years and b) the potential mediating effects of cortisol parameters at age 15 years and inflammatory markers [interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP)] at ages 9 and 16 years.\\n\\n\\nRESULTS\\nWe found that social cognition difficulties were associated with later internalising and externalising problems. Flattened diurnal cortisol slope was associated with hyperactivity/inattention problems two years later. Lower morning cortisol partially mediated the direct association between social communication deficits at 8 years and hyperactivity/inattention and conduct problems at 17 years, even after adjustments for inflammation and confounders (for hyperactivity/inattention: indirect effect = 0.07, 95% CI [0.00, 0.18], p = .042; for conduct problems: indirect effect = 0.04, 95% CI [0.00, 0.11], p = .040). We did not find a significant association between systemic inflammation and social cognition difficulties, internalising problems, or externalising problems.\\n\\n\\nCONCLUSION\\nOur findings suggest that part of the effect of social communication difficulties in childhood on externalising problems in adolescence was mediated by lower morning cortisol. Hence, our study indicates that the hypoactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis may be one of the physiological mechanisms linking some social cognition deficits to externalising problems.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.bbi.2022.07.002\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f12a8ee0ec8368f75e645d2f6bfb947871ad2e14\",\n \"result_position\": 22,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 269315894,\n \"title\": \"Exploring the Relationship between Psychoneuroimmunology and Oral Diseases: A Comprehensive Review and Analysis\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Lifestyle Medicine\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Ganesan\",\n \"Gautham Kumar\",\n \"Jeevitha Gauthaman\",\n \"K. Lakshmi\",\n \"Yesoda Aniyan Kumbalaparambil\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The relationship between psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) and oral health has recently garnered increasing attention due to the intricate interaction among psychological factors, the nervous system, immune responses, and oral diseases. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the multifaceted connections between PNI and various oral conditions and conduct an in-depth analysis. Psychological factors, such as stress, anxiety, and depression, have been linked to oral microbiome alterations and immune function and the development and progression of oral diseases, such as periodontal disorders, oral ulcers, and temporomandibular disorders. Conversely, oral health conditions, particularly chronic periodontitis, have been associated with systemic inflammation, affecting mental health and overall well-being through neuroendocrine–immune pathways. Moreover, neural mechanisms, including the brain–gut axis and the autonomic nervous system, significantly influenced oral health through immune modulation and inflammatory responses. Understanding these complex interactions has implications for therapeutic interventions that target both psychological well-being and oral health outcomes. This review synthesizes current research findings from various disciplines, including immunology, neuroscience, dentistry, and psychology, to offer a comprehensive understanding of the bidirectional relationship between PNI and oral diseases. The implications of these interactions on treatment strategies, preventive measures, and interdisciplinary approaches underscore the need for integrated healthcare models that address psychological and oral health aspects to improve outcomes and quality of life in patients.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.15280/jlm.2024.14.1.13\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6d1c94ae7983f281f868b662621263376d875134\",\n \"result_position\": 23,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 261478793,\n \"title\": \"Multiple sclerosis with comorbidity depression and its association with vitamin D deficiency in a narrative review of the current literature\",\n \"venue\": \"Exploration of Neuroscience\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"H. Goischke\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Over the past decade, knowledge of the pathophysiology and immunology of multiple sclerosis (MS) and depression, and the complex links to vitamin D (VitD) balance, has increased rapidly. Both diseases are characterized by an imbalance of proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines, increased serum neurofilament light chains (sNfLs), disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), abolition of the physiological function of the various types of microglia (MG), decreased calcidiol-serum levels, and disorders of the gut microbiome in combination with hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis/microbiome-gut-brain-axis characterized. In depression, stress initiates cellular and molecular changes in the brain via increased cortisol release in the HPA-axis. Microglial activation and neuronal damage as well as dysregulation of neuroplastic and neurotrophic factors complete the spectrum of pathological damage. It is shown that gut dysbiosis leads to increased gut permeability, which favors endotoxemia and ultimately paves the way to systemic inflammation. A VitD supplementation could restore the balance of microorganisms in the intestine and reduce the inflammatory processes at various levels. VitD promotes regulatory T cell (Treg) proliferation, inhibits the expression of T helper 1 (Th1) cells and Th17 immune cells, and inhibits proinflammatory interleukin-17 (IL-17). 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] reduces also the secretion of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Increased calcitriol levels lead to a reduction in MG activation, oxidative stress, and lower BBB permeability. An early, permanent, daily sufficient VitD supplementation as an add-on therapy under control of the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [s25(OH)D] levels is an essential therapeutic tool to slow down the disability caused by MS and thereby primarily prevent or reduce the stress and subsequently the manifestation of depression. Through the future continuous measurement of the biomarkers serum neurofilament ligth chains and glial fibrillary acidic proteins as well as the s25(OH)D level in MS and comorbidity depression, future therapy successes or failures can be avoided.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.37349/en.2023.00020\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c14ff134ef760a0aaadc82064eaf6e5a8ea07797\",\n \"result_position\": 24,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 239886660,\n \"title\": \"Medical students’ positive perception towards vaccination is strongly correlated to protective diphtheria antibody after Td vaccination\",\n \"venue\": \"Brain, behavior, & immunity - health\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"E. Pranggono\",\n \"M. R. Tiara\",\n \"Tohari Catur Pamungkas\",\n \"Esti Syafriati\",\n \"K. Mutyara\",\n \"R. Wisaksana\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Negative perception towards vaccination is one of the reasons for low coverage of diphtheria immunization in Indonesia. Perception, which is difficult to change, is related to stress level, possibly influences outcome of diseases, and also vaccination. This study aims to identify the correlation between perception of diphtheria vaccination and antibody response after vaccination. This study used secondary data from two unpublished studies on 30 medical interns in Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, West Java, after diphtheria outbreak, from June to July 2019. Antibody level after diphtheria emergency vaccination was measured using ELISA and perception towards vaccination was measured using a questionnaire. Perception towards vaccination was expressed as perception score and was divided into 4 components: perceived threat, benefit, barrier, and cues to action. Higher perception score indicated more positive perception towards vaccination. Diphtheria antibody level was grouped into reliable protection (≥0,10 IU/mL) or unreliable protection (<0,10 IU/mL). Statistical correlation analysis was done with GraphPad Prism version 7.0. Most of our subjects were female. Median age was 22 (20–24) years old. Median time elapsed between vaccination date and measurement of antibody level was 18 (6–18) months. Median antibody level was 0,28 (0,09–3,47) IU/mL. Twenty-three subjects (82,1%) had reliable protection. Subjects with reliable protection had more positive perception compared to unreliable protection (perception score 80,6 ± 5,4 vs 69,0 ± 1,8, p = 0,0001). Subjects with reliable protection had less perceived barrier for vaccination (15,6 ± 2,1 vs 13,0 ± 1,8, p = 0,0083). Perception score showed strong, positive correlation to reliable protection against diphtheria (R = 0,705, p < 0,001). Perceived barrier and threat showed positive correlation to reliable protection (R = 0,489, p = 0,008 and R = 0,402, p = 0,034). In conclusion, perception towards diphtheria vaccination is strongly correlated to protective antibody. Improving perception of vaccination are needed to overcome vaccine hesitancy.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100362\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3310c39c1cb55d07d90e6a3cc67f8fc3126ee8ad\",\n \"result_position\": 25,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 237988363,\n \"title\": \"Work Stress, Dysbiosis, and Immune Dysregulation: The Interconnected Triad in COVID-19 Infection in the Medical Team Staff – A Mini-Review\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"S. Yousof\",\n \"I. Tanvir\",\n \"Eman Kolieb\",\n \"Rasha Atta\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The COVID-19 pandemic has hit most of the communities around the globe. Earlier researches have reported the psychological effects of pandemics either on the general populations or on specific communities such as students and health professionals. A scanty number of papers have focused on the interaction among complex factors underlying the pathogenesis of the disease. In this review, we aimed to integrate the accessible data about the possible mechanistic processes predisposing to COVID-19 infection in the health professions. We summarized these factors as “stress, microbiota, and immunity triad.” We utilized the PubMed database, Google, and Google Scholar search engines to search the literature related to combinations of these keywords: “pandemics, COVID-19, coronavirus, SARS-CoV2;” “gut microbiota, gut-lung axis, dysbiosis, nutrition;” “work stress, workload, health workers, health professions, and medical team;” and “immunity, cytokine storm, and viral load.” We detected no discussions combining the suggested triad concerning the medical team personnel. We cast light, for the first time to our knowledge, on the potential pathogenic role of “stress, microbiota, and immunity triad” in COVID-19-infected health workers.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.4103/jmau.jmau_9_21\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8f56ef351a1225c9627ce8f58b8daf07de99ac9c\",\n \"result_position\": 26,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 5410940,\n \"title\": \"A systematic review of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis function in schizophrenia: implications for mortality\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\n \"year\": 2010,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Bradley\",\n \"T. Dinan\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The objective of this study was to compare the effects of risperidone and olanzapine in schizophrenic patients with intolerant extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) on first generation antipsychotics. We conducted an 8-week, rater-blinded, flexible dose study. Seventy patients with schizophrenia, who met the DSM-IV research criteria of having neuroleptic-induced acute dystonia or parkinsonism, were randomly assigned to risperidone or olanzapine group. The primary outcome was a comparison of the incidence of concomitant anticholinergic drugs usage between the groups to manage their acute dystonia and parkinsonism. The average doses of risperidone and olanzapine from baseline to study end point were 1.8—3.5 mg/day and 7.7—11.7 mg/day, respectively. There were no significant differences in demographic data, severity of EPS or psychotic symptoms between the groups at baseline assessment. Patients taking risperidone had significantly higher incidence of using anticholinergic drugs to manage acute dystonia or parkinsonism overall during the study (OR = 5.17, 95%CI = 1.49—17.88, P = 0.013). There was no significant between-group difference in the changing of rating scales of EPS and psychotic symptoms. The results of our study favour olanzapine as a better choice in schizophrenic patients with intolerant EPS. Double-blinded, fixed dose and different ethnical study for EPS-intolerant schizophrenic patients is needed to confirm the results of our study.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1177/0269881108096070\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bb8301642258f3abf94870f86b68446fcac600e6\",\n \"result_position\": 27,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 17113995,\n \"title\": \"Toll-like receptor 4: innate immune regulator of neuroimmune and neuroendocrine interactions in stress and major depressive disorder\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Neuroscience\",\n \"year\": 2014,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jiajun Liu\",\n \"Femke TA Buisman-Pijlman\",\n \"M. Hutchinson\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Major depressive disorder (MDD) poses one of the highest disease burdens worldwide. Yet, current treatments targeting serotonergic and noradrenaline reuptake systems are insufficient to provide long-term relief from depressive symptoms in most patients, indicating the need for new treatment targets. Having the ability to influence behavior similar to depressive symptoms, as well as communicate with neuronal and neuroendocrine systems, the innate immune system is a strong candidate for MDD treatments. Given the complex nature of immune signaling, the main question becomes: What is the role of the innate immune system in MDD? The current review presents evidence that toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), via driving both peripheral and central immune responses, can interact with serotonergic neurotransmission and cause neuroendocrine disturbances, thus integrating with widely observed hallmarks of MDD. Additionally, through describing the multi-directional communication between immune, neural and endocrine systems in stress, TLR4—related mechanisms can mediate stress-induced adaptations, which are necessary for the development of MDD. Therefore, apart from exogenous pathogenic mechanisms, TLR4 is involved in immune changes as a result of endogenous stress signals, playing an integral part in the pathophysiology, and could be a potential target for pharmacological treatments to improve current interventions for MDD.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fnins.2014.00309\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b80f559af9ee0b590193734eeec0d90295549a0d\",\n \"result_position\": 28,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 201187376,\n \"title\": \"Psychoneuroimmunology and skin diseases\",\n \"venue\": \"Rad Hrvatske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti Medicinske znanosti\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"L. Mihić\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Psychoneuroimmunology has emerged as a broad interdisciplinary field examining the interaction between the psychological state, the nervous system, the endocrine system, and the immune system. Psychodermatology or psychocutaneous medicine is an intersection of psychiatry, psychology and dermatology. There is a growing awareness of the connection between psychosocial stress and somatic illnesses, including dermatological diseases. Psychosomatic factors are considered significant in more than a third of people suffering from skin diseases. Communication between the psyche and the skin is a complex interaction of psychological, immunologic and endocrine factors with the skin, involving a number of neuropeptides, interleukins and immune system mediators. The skin, being the largest organ of the body, is equipped with metabolic and endocrinological capacities that facilitate homeostatic control between internal and external environments. In addition to psychosocial stress, factors relevant for a psychoneuroimmunological approach to skin diseases include nutrition, gut and skin microbiota, sleep and circadian rhythm, physical activity, and orthomolecular medicine. Knowledge of psychoneuroimmunological mechanisms and factors relevant for a holistic approach is very important for a better and broader understanding of skin diseases, and for better therapeutic outcomes for patients.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.21857/Y6ZOLB8L7M\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cc6b60292442d1266374c838283749324827daca\",\n \"result_position\": 29,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 1738765,\n \"title\": \"The trajectory of life. Decreasing physiological network complexity through changing fractal patterns\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Physiology\",\n \"year\": 2015,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Sturmberg\",\n \"J. Bennett\",\n \"M. Picard\",\n \"A. Seely\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In this position paper, we submit a synthesis of theoretical models based on physiology, non-equilibrium thermodynamics, and non-linear time-series analysis. Based on an understanding of the human organism as a system of interconnected complex adaptive systems, we seek to examine the relationship between health, complexity, variability, and entropy production, as it might be useful to help understand aging, and improve care for patients. We observe the trajectory of life is characterized by the growth, plateauing and subsequent loss of adaptive function of organ systems, associated with loss of functioning and coordination of systems. Understanding development and aging requires the examination of interdependence among these organ systems. Increasing evidence suggests network interconnectedness and complexity can be captured/measured/associated with the degree and complexity of healthy biologic rhythm variability (e.g., heart and respiratory rate variability). We review physiological mechanisms linking the omics, arousal/stress systems, immune function, and mitochondrial bioenergetics; highlighting their interdependence in normal physiological function and aging. We argue that aging, known to be characterized by a loss of variability, is manifested at multiple scales, within functional units at the small scale, and reflected by diagnostic features at the larger scale. While still controversial and under investigation, it appears conceivable that the integrity of whole body complexity may be, at least partially, reflected in the degree and variability of intrinsic biologic rhythms, which we believe are related to overall system complexity that may be a defining feature of health and it's loss through aging. Harnessing this information for the development of therapeutic and preventative strategies may hold an opportunity to significantly improve the health of our patients across the trajectory of life.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fphys.2015.00169\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4e63f8c14d2ae72cdc51d3537be0c73e5b1c86f4\",\n \"result_position\": 30,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 13380713,\n \"title\": \"Relationships between inflammatory cytokine and cortisol responses in firefighters exposed to simulated wildfire suppression work and sleep restriction\",\n \"venue\": \"Physiological Reports\",\n \"year\": 2015,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Wolkow\",\n \"B. Aisbett\",\n \"J. Reynolds\",\n \"S. Ferguson\",\n \"L. Main\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The interplay between inflammatory and cortisol responses modulates an appropriate response to a stressor. Exposure to severe stressors, however, may alter the actions and relationships of these responses and contribute to negative health outcomes. Physical work and sleep restriction are two stressors faced by wildland firefighters, yet their influence on the relationship between inflammatory and cortisol responses is unknown. The aim of the present study was to quantify the relationship between the cytokine and cortisol responses to sleep restriction while performing simulated physical wildfire suppression work. Firefighters completed 3 days of simulated physical firefighting work separated by either an 8‐h (Control condition; n = 18) or 4‐h sleep (Sleep restriction condition; n = 17) opportunity on each of the two nights. Salivary cortisol and inflammatory cytokines (IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐1β, TNF‐α, IL‐4, and IL‐10) were measured throughout each day. An increase in morning IL‐6 was related to a rise (6.2%, P = 0.043) in evening cortisol among firefighters in the sleep restriction condition. Higher morning IL‐6 levels were related to increased (5.3%, P = 0.048) daily cortisol levels, but this relationship was not different between conditions. Less pronounced relationships were demonstrated between TNF‐α, IL‐10, IL‐4, and cortisol independent of the sleep opportunity, but relationships did not persist after adjusting for demographic factors and other cytokines. These findings quantify the relationship between cytokine and cortisol responses among wildland firefighters exposed to simulated occupational stressors. Potential disturbances to the IL‐6 and cortisol relationship among sleep‐restricted firefighters’ supports further investigations into the negative health effects related to possible imbalances between these systems.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.14814/phy2.12604\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b4f24d9366396a1f00780a5dd038c41af8cc5612\",\n \"result_position\": 31,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 252477669,\n \"title\": \"New Insights into the Pivotal Role of the Amygdala in Inflammation-Related Depression and Anxiety Disorder\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Molecular Sciences\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ping Hu\",\n \"Ying-ling Lu\",\n \"Bing-Xing Pan\",\n \"Wen-Hua Zhang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Depression and anxiety disorders are the two most prevalent psychiatric diseases that affect hundreds of millions of individuals worldwide. Understanding the etiology and related mechanisms is of great importance and might yield new therapeutic strategies to treat these diseases effectively. During the past decades, a growing number of studies have pointed out the importance of the stress-induced inflammatory response in the amygdala, a kernel region for processing emotional stimuli, as a potentially critical contributor to the pathophysiology of depression and anxiety disorders. In this review, we first summarized the recent progress from both animal and human studies toward understanding the causal link between stress-induced inflammation and depression and anxiety disorders, with particular emphasis on findings showing the effect of inflammation on the functional changes in neurons in the amygdala, at levels ranging from molecular signaling, cellular function, synaptic plasticity, and the neural circuit to behavior, as well as their contributions to the pathology of inflammation-related depression and anxiety disorders. Finally, we concluded by discussing some of the difficulties surrounding the current research and propose some issues worth future study in this field.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/ijms231911076\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/be9dd840be9ec05c96fdc8f22cb61c308d68daab\",\n \"result_position\": 32,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 49557549,\n \"title\": \"A Comprehensive Overview on Stress Neurobiology: Basic Concepts and Clinical Implications\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"L. D. Godoy\",\n \"M. T. Rossignoli\",\n \"Polianna Delfino-Pereira\",\n \"N. Garcia-Cairasco\",\n \"Eduardo Henrique de Lima Umeoka\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Stress is recognized as an important issue in basic and clinical neuroscience research, based upon the founding historical studies by Walter Canon and Hans Selye in the past century, when the concept of stress emerged in a biological and adaptive perspective. A lot of research after that period has expanded the knowledge in the stress field. Since then, it was discovered that the response to stressful stimuli is elaborated and triggered by the, now known, stress system, which integrates a wide diversity of brain structures that, collectively, are able to detect events and interpret them as real or potential threats. However, different types of stressors engage different brain networks, requiring a fine-tuned functional neuroanatomical processing. This integration of information from the stressor itself may result in a rapid activation of the Sympathetic-Adreno-Medullar (SAM) axis and the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis, the two major components involved in the stress response. The complexity of the stress response is not restricted to neuroanatomy or to SAM and HPA axes mediators, but also diverge according to timing and duration of stressor exposure, as well as its short- and/or long-term consequences. The identification of neuronal circuits of stress, as well as their interaction with mediator molecules over time is critical, not only for understanding the physiological stress responses, but also to understand their implications on mental health.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00127\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0a57325c5ad99579b9499d0d743980af188ac3e2\",\n \"result_position\": 33,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 216072625,\n \"title\": \"Role of enhanced glucocorticoid receptor sensitivity in inflammation in PTSD: Insights from a computational model for circadian-neuroendocrine-immune interactions\",\n \"venue\": \"bioRxiv\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"P. Somvanshi\",\n \"S. Mellon\",\n \"R. Yehuda\",\n \"J. Flory\",\n \"L. Bierer\",\n \"Iouri Makotkine\",\n \"C. Marmar\",\n \"M. Jett\",\n \"Francis J. Doyle\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Although glucocorticoid resistance contributes to increased inflammation, individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) exhibit increased glucocorticoid receptor (GR) sensitivity along with increased inflammation. It is not clear how inflammation co-exists with a hyper-responsive hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis (HPA axis). To understand this better, we developed and analyzed an integrated mathematical model for the HPA axis and the immune system. We performed mathematical simulations for a dexamethasone suppression test and IC50-dexamethasone for cytokine suppression, by varying model parameters. The model analysis suggests that increasing the steepness of the dose response curve for GR activity may reduce anti-inflammatory effects of GRs at the ambient glucocorticoid levels thereby increasing pro-inflammatory response. The adaptive response of pro-inflammatory cytokine mediated stimulatory effects on the HPA-axis is reduced due to dominance of the GR-mediated negative feedback on the HPA-axis. To verify these hypotheses we analyzed the clinical data on neuro-endocrine variables and cytokines obtained from war-zone veterans with and without PTSD. We observed significant group differences for cortisol and ACTH suppression tests, pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL6, hs-CRP, promoter methylation of GR gene and IC50-Dex for lysozyme suppression. Causal inference modelling revealed significant associations between cortisol suppression and post-dex cortisol decline, promoter methylation of NR3C1-1F, IC50-Dex and pro-inflammatory cytokines. We noted significant mediation effects of NR3C1-1F promoter methylation on inflammatory cytokines through changes in GR sensitivity. Our findings suggest that increased GR sensitivity may contribute to increased inflammation, therefore, interventions to restore GR sensitivity may normalize inflammation in PTSD.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1101/664201\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ee16961085ac28da96a9e6edd36f8ba1ccfeddc8\",\n \"result_position\": 34,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 277798404,\n \"title\": \"Stress, neutrophils, and immunity: a dynamic interplay\",\n \"venue\": \"Annals of Medicine and Surgery\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"E. Obeagu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Neutrophils, the most abundant type of white blood cells, are pivotal players in the innate immune system, responsible for rapid responses to infection and tissue damage. They engage in various defensive activities, including phagocytosis, degranulation, and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Stress, encompassing both physiological and psychological forms, significantly influences the immune system, notably impacting neutrophil function. This review delves into the intricate interplay between stress, neutrophils, and immunity, underscoring how stress modulates neutrophil activity and the broader implications for immune health. The body’s response to stress involves the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the subsequent release of stress hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline. These hormones can enhance or suppress immune functions, depending on the nature and duration of the stress. Acute stress may temporarily boost neutrophil activity, enhancing the body’s immediate defense mechanisms. In contrast, chronic stress typically results in immunosuppression, adversely affecting neutrophil functions and increasing vulnerability to infections and inflammatory diseases. The mechanisms through which stress affects neutrophils include hormonal regulation, neuroimmune interactions, and alterations in the production of inflammatory mediators. The dynamic relationship between stress and neutrophils has significant health implications. While acute stress can enhance immune defenses, chronic stress contributes to a range of health issues, including increased infection risk, autoimmune disorders, and chronic inflammatory conditions such as cardiovascular disease and cancer.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1097/MS9.0000000000003304\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/54426b67d14d441b3fd165c6685ddb5de7d85bf4\",\n \"result_position\": 35,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 14494058,\n \"title\": \"Chronic psychological stress and the regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines: a glucocorticoid-resistance model.\",\n \"venue\": \"Health Psychology\",\n \"year\": 2002,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Gregory E. Miller\",\n \"Sheldon Cohen\",\n \"A. Ritchey\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This study examined whether chronic stress impairs the immune system's capacity to respond to hormonal signals that terminate inflammation. Fifty healthy adults were studied; half were parents of cancer patients, and half were parents of healthy children. Parents of cancer patients reported more psychological distress than parents of healthy children. They also had flatter diurnal slopes of cortisol secretion, primarily because of reduced output during the morning hours. There was also evidence that chronic stress impaired the immune system's response to anti-inflammatory signals: The capacity of a synthetic glucocorticoid hormone to suppress in vitro production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 was diminished among parents of cancer patients. Findings suggest a novel pathway by which chronic stress might alter the course of inflammatory disease.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1037/0278-6133.21.6.531\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ca453375a6f97504f42418577d6d52b1c839a03e\",\n \"result_position\": 36,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 11381718,\n \"title\": \"Stress-induced immune dysfunction: implications for health\",\n \"venue\": \"Nature reviews. Immunology\",\n \"year\": 2005,\n \"authors\": [],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/nri1571\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b8781d3527fba908018c92a6aae3cfc33d9a8c96\",\n \"result_position\": 37,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 6798340,\n \"title\": \"The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and immune-mediated inflammation.\",\n \"venue\": \"New England Journal of Medicine\",\n \"year\": 1995,\n \"authors\": [\n \"G. Chrousos\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1056/NEJM199505183322008\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a8ad598d866d74100301082d985ddf7949cfcf2d\",\n \"result_position\": 38,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 267558656,\n \"title\": \"Psycho-Neuroendocrinology in the Rehabilitation Field: Focus on the Complex Interplay between Stress and Pain\",\n \"venue\": \"Medicina\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Bonanno\",\n \"D. Papa\",\n \"Antonio Cerasa\",\n \"M. Maggio\",\n \"R. S. Calabrò\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Chronic stress and chronic pain share neuro-anatomical, endocrinological, and biological features. However, stress prepares the body for challenging situations or mitigates tissue damage, while pain is an unpleasant sensation due to nociceptive receptor stimulation. When pain is chronic, it might lead to an allostatic overload in the body and brain due to the chronic dysregulation of the physiological systems that are normally involved in adapting to environmental challenges. Managing stress and chronic pain (CP) in neurorehabilitation presents a significant challenge for healthcare professionals and researchers, as there is no definitive and effective solution for these issues. Patients suffering from neurological disorders often complain of CP, which significantly reduces their quality of life. The aim of this narrative review is to examine the correlation between stress and pain and their potential negative impact on the rehabilitation process. Moreover, we described the most relevant interventions used to manage stress and pain in the neurological population. In conclusion, this review sheds light on the connection between chronic stress and chronic pain and their impact on the neurorehabilitation pathway. Our results emphasize the need for tailored rehabilitation protocols to effectively manage pain, improve treatment adherence, and ensure comprehensive patient care.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/medicina60020285\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f4a2c3564cd62699fe4f1034dc4cf90b31c0a547\",\n \"result_position\": 39,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 27042948,\n \"title\": \"Inflammation and its discontents: the role of cytokines in the pathophysiology of major depression.\",\n \"venue\": \"Biological Psychiatry\",\n \"year\": 2009,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Andrew H. Miller\",\n \"V. Maletić\",\n \"C. Raison\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.11.029\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3a35e840564ff1b9f616dd537a27b35b5cace508\",\n \"result_position\": 40,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 215407710,\n \"title\": \"Chronic Stress Contributes to Osteosarcopenic Adiposity via Inflammation and Immune Modulation: The Case for More Precise Nutritional Investigation\",\n \"venue\": \"Nutrients\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Ilich\",\n \"Jennifer C. Gilman\",\n \"S. Cvijetić\",\n \"D. Boschiero\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Chronic stress and low-grade chronic inflammation (LGCI) are key underlying factors for many diseases, including bone and body composition impairments. Objectives of this narrative review were to examine the mechanisms by which chronic stress and LGCI may influence osteosarcopenic adiposity (OSA) syndrome, originally named as ostoesarcopenic obesity (OSO). We also examined the crucial nutrients presumed to be affected by or cause of stress and inflammation and compared/contrasted them to those of our prehistoric ancestors. The evidence shows that stress (particularly chronic) and its related inflammatory processes, contribute to osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and adiposity ultimately leading to OSA as a final and most deranged state of body composition, commencing at the mesenchymal cell lineage disturbance. The foods/nutrients consumed by modern humans, as well as their altered lifestyle, also contribute to stress, LGCI and subsequently to OSA. The processes can also go in opposite direction when stress and inflammation impact nutritional status, particularly some micronutrients’ levels. While nutritional management of body composition and LGCI have been studied, the nutrients (and their quantities) most affected by stressors and those which may act toward the alleviation of stressful state, ultimately leading to better body composition outcomes, need to be elucidated.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/nu12040989\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6adfb4de9c73f28c249107508b12a4ac9fbfa03b\",\n \"result_position\": 41,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 4902189,\n \"title\": \"Our Environment Shapes Us: The Importance of Environment and Sex Differences in Regulation of Autoantibody Production\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Immunology\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Edwards\",\n \"R. Dai\",\n \"S. A. Ahmed\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Consequential differences exist between the male and female immune systems’ ability to respond to pathogens, environmental insults or self-antigens, and subsequent effects on immunoregulation. In general, females when compared with their male counterparts, respond to pathogenic stimuli and vaccines more robustly, with heightened production of antibodies, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines. While the precise reasons for sex differences in immune response to different stimuli are not yet well understood, females are more resistant to infectious diseases and much more likely to develop autoimmune diseases. Intrinsic (i.e., sex hormones, sex chromosomes, etc.) and extrinsic (microbiome composition, external triggers, and immune modulators) factors appear to impact the overall outcome of immune responses between sexes. Evidence suggests that interactions between environmental contaminants [e.g., endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs)] and host leukocytes affect the ability of the immune system to mount a response to exogenous and endogenous insults, and/or return to normal activity following clearance of the threat. Inherently, males and females have differential immune response to external triggers. In this review, we describe how environmental chemicals, including EDCs, may have sex differential influence on the outcome of immune responses through alterations in epigenetic status (such as modulation of microRNA expression, gene methylation, or histone modification status), direct and indirect activation of the estrogen receptors to drive hormonal effects, and differential modulation of microbial sensing and composition of host microbiota. Taken together, an intriguing question develops as to how an individual’s environment directly and indirectly contributes to an altered immune response, dysregulation of autoantibody production, and influence autoimmune disease development. Few studies exist utilizing well-controlled cohorts of both sexes to explore the sex differences in response to EDC exposure and the effects on autoimmune disease development. Translational studies incorporating multiple environmental factors in animal models of autoimmune disease are necessary to determine the interrelationships that occur between potential etiopathological factors. The presence or absence of autoantibodies is not a reliable predictor of disease. Therefore, future studies should incorporate all the susceptibility/influencing factors, coupled with individual genomics, epigenomics, and proteomics, to develop a model that better predicts, diagnoses, and treats autoimmune diseases in a personalized-medicine fashion.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fimmu.2018.00478\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/80becc573dce3d909864da5daacef6c728588f43\",\n \"result_position\": 42,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 5825767,\n \"title\": \"The Stress Response and Immune Function: Clinical Implications: The 1999 Novera H. Spector Lecture\",\n \"venue\": \"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences\",\n \"year\": 2000,\n \"authors\": [\n \"G. Chrousos\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05371.x\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/be8a445c227013f31a3e85f00168be3d5e76efbc\",\n \"result_position\": 43,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 257737003,\n \"title\": \"Unintended Consequences of COVID-19 Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs) for Population Health and Health Inequalities\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"C. ÓhAiseadha\",\n \"G. Quinn\",\n \"R. Connolly\",\n \"A. Wilson\",\n \"M. Connolly\",\n \"Willie Soon\",\n \"P. Hynds\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020, governments around the world have adopted an array of measures intended to control the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, using both pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). NPIs are public health interventions that do not rely on vaccines or medicines and include policies such as lockdowns, stay-at-home orders, school closures, and travel restrictions. Although the intention was to slow viral transmission, emerging research indicates that these NPIs have also had unintended consequences for other aspects of public health. Hence, we conducted a narrative review of studies investigating these unintended consequences of NPIs, with a particular emphasis on mental health and on lifestyle risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCD): physical activity (PA), overweight and obesity, alcohol consumption, and tobacco smoking. We reviewed the scientific literature using combinations of search terms such as ‘COVID-19′, ‘pandemic’, ‘lockdowns’, ‘mental health’, ‘physical activity’, and ‘obesity’. NPIs were found to have considerable adverse consequences for mental health, physical activity, and overweight and obesity. The impacts on alcohol and tobacco consumption varied greatly within and between studies. The variability in consequences for different groups implies increased health inequalities by age, sex/gender, socioeconomic status, pre-existing lifestyle, and place of residence. In conclusion, a proper assessment of the use of NPIs in attempts to control the spread of the pandemic should be weighed against the potential adverse impacts on other aspects of public health. Our findings should also be of relevance for future pandemic preparedness and pandemic response teams.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/ijerph20075223\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/760e9b3a70d2ee0bb599f1a1da1ad47ef1dbc4cd\",\n \"result_position\": 44,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 264313346,\n \"title\": \"Inflammatory biomarkers link perceived stress with metabolic dysregulation\",\n \"venue\": \"Brain, behavior, & immunity - health\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Savana Jurgens\",\n \"S. Prieto\",\n \"J. Hayes\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Objective Perceived stress has been identified as a risk factor for metabolic syndrome. However, the intermediate pathways underlying this relationship are not well understood. Inflammatory responses may be one process by which stress leads to metabolic dysregulation. Prior work has shown that chronic stress is associated with elevated systemic inflammation and that altered inflammatory activity contributes to the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. The current analyses tested this hypothesis by examining inflammation as a pathway by which perceived stress affects metabolic health. Methods Data from the Midlife in the United States Study (MIDUS) (N = 648; Mean age = 52.3) provided measures of perceived stress, inflammatory biomarkers [C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), E-selectin, fibrinogen, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)] and metabolic health markers. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to confirm the fit of a hierarchical model of metabolic syndrome in our sample. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the assumption that inflammation mediates the association between perceived stress and the latent factor representing metabolic syndrome. Results The CFA of metabolic syndrome demonstrated excellent goodness of fit to our sample [CFI = 0.97, TLI = 0.95, RMSEA = 0.06, SMSR = 0.05]. Mediation analysis with SEM revealed that the indirect pathway linking stress to metabolic dysregulation through inflammation was significant [B = 0.08, SE = 0.01, z = 3.69, p < .001, 95% confidence interval CI (0.04, 0.13)]. Conclusions These results suggest that inflammatory biomarkers are a viable explanatory pathway for the relationship between perceived stress and metabolic health consequences. Interventions that target psychosocial stress may serve as cost-effective and accessible treatment options for mitigating inflammatory health risks.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100696\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/101aa7ac00cd4959f40415904b02308e708d4662\",\n \"result_position\": 45,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 20877016,\n \"title\": \"Activation of the HPA axis by immune insults: roles and interactions of cytokines, eicosanoids, glucocorticoids.\",\n \"venue\": \"Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior\",\n \"year\": 1996,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Buckingham\",\n \"H. D. Loxley\",\n \"H. Christian\",\n \"J. Philip\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/0091-3057(95)02127-2\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f8fa9cebd1326fb937b3c880bf9f31fc6d14877c\",\n \"result_position\": 46,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 271077277,\n \"title\": \"Early Life Adversity, Microbiome, and Inflammatory Responses\",\n \"venue\": \"Biomolecules\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Eléonore Beurel\",\n \"Charles B. Nemeroff\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Early life adversity has a profound impact on physical and mental health. Because the central nervous and immune systems are not fully mature at birth and continue to mature during the postnatal period, a bidirectional interaction between the central nervous system and the immune system has been hypothesized, with traumatic stressors during childhood being pivotal in priming individuals for later adult psychopathology. Similarly, the microbiome, which regulates both neurodevelopment and immune function, also matures during childhood, rendering this interaction between the brain and the immune system even more complex. In this review, we provide evidence for the role of the immune response and the microbiome in the deleterious effects of early life adversity, both in humans and rodent models.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/biom14070802\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b3032567865c559f13d13aa2f03124933dbe2b09\",\n \"result_position\": 47,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 272757969,\n \"title\": \"Primary and secondary allostatic processes in the context of high-stress work: A multigroup moderation from the English longitudinal study of ageing.\",\n \"venue\": \"Psychoneuroendocrinology\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Thomas O’Toole\",\n \"Christopher J. Armitage\",\n \"Martie van Tongeren\",\n \"K. Dienes\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Evidence suggests that chronic cortisol excess may precede the development of an allostatic load, and that this association may be influenced by the level of work stress. This study aims to investigate the associations between hair cortisol concentration and the development of systemic allostatic load cross-sectionally and at a lag of four years, stratified by level of effort-reward imbalance. The sample consisted of respondents from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) who were in employment with hair cortisol measurements at baseline (wave 6), and allostatic load markers at baseline and follow-up (wave 8; n=411; 64 % female). Hair cortisol was used as a measure of total cortisol expression over the preceding two months. Allostatic load was modelled as a count-based index using nine markers; three per system, across the immune, metabolic and cardiovascular systems. This model was then grouped by a median-cut effort reward-imbalance scale (0.83) and regression pathways were compared between groups using a series of Chi-Squared tests of difference. Results provide evidence that higher hair cortisol concentrations predict an increase in immune and cardiovascular allostatic load cross-sectionally, and a metabolic allostatic load at a lag of four years. These pathways were found in the high effort-reward imbalance group, but not in the low effort-reward imbalance group. There were also significant differences found between groups for hair cortisol concentration as a predictor of concurrent immune and cardiovascular allostatic load Findings may indicate a novel temporality to the accumulation of an allostatic load, and that the \\\"tipping point\\\" between allostasis and allostatic load may lie within the ability of the HPA axis to regulate the cardiovascular system concurrently, with longitudinal consequences for metabolic syndrome indicators.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107193\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/abfbc2ce31075a95726b34f31b41e72cf5a83ecf\",\n \"result_position\": 48,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 279981938,\n \"title\": \"Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal dynamics in early-stage COVID-19 observed in a case with arginine vasopressin deficiency\",\n \"venue\": \"BMC Endocrine Disorders\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"H. Kirikae\",\n \"Y. Tezuka\",\n \"Michiko Okamoto\",\n \"Ginji Furuta\",\n \"K. Omata\",\n \"Y. Ono\",\n \"Tetsuhiro Tanaka\",\n \"F. Satoh\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on pituitary function remains unclear, particularly during the acute phase of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We report the case of a 40-year-old man with arginine vasopressin deficiency (central diabetes insipidus) who was admitted for the evaluation of anterior pituitary function. The patient developed mild COVID-19 during the hospitalization, when we inadvertently observed rapid activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis prior to the onset of fever. At the estimated onset of COVID-19, the patient’s body temperature and the serum level of C-reactive protein remained within normal limits, whereas plasma ACTH levels drastically elevated, and subsequently, serum cortisol levels remain consistently high throughout the day, resulting in increased urinary free cortisol. The serum levels of several cytokines, including IFN-γ, IL-1RA, IL-6, and TNF-α, were also significantly elevated compared to those in the non-infected state. Acute suppression of thyroid and gonadal functions was observed approximately one day after the HPA axis activation. These findings illustrate the rapid response of the HPA axis to inflammatory factors in the early-stage COVID-19, which may have important implications for understanding the initial host responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1186/s12902-025-01992-3\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1030fa69a3838ea96d2227a834f574bea330e9ec\",\n \"result_position\": 49,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 273844072,\n \"title\": \"A Prospective Cohort Study on the Effects of Repeated Acute Stress on Cortisol Awakening Response and Immune Function in Military Medical Students\",\n \"venue\": \"Biomedicines\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Madison A Propp\",\n \"Dean C. Paz\",\n \"S. Makhkamov\",\n \"M. Payton\",\n \"Qamrul Choudhury\",\n \"Melodie Nutter\",\n \"Rebecca Ryznar\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Background: The cortisol awakening response (CAR) is a pivotal component of the body’s stress response, yet its dynamics under repeated acute stress and its interplay with immune biomarkers remain inadequately understood. Methods: This study examined 80 second-year military medical students undergoing a 5-day intensive surgical simulation designed to elicit stress responses. Salivary samples were collected daily upon waking and 30 min thereafter to measure cortisol and a panel of cytokines using bead-based multiplex ELISA. Results: Analysis revealed a significant blunting of the CAR on the third day of training (p = 0.00006), followed by a recovery on the fourth day (p = 0.0005). Concurrently, specific cytokines such as CXCL1 (r = 0.2, p = 0.0005), IL-6 (r = 0.13, p = 0.02), IL-10 (r = 0.14, p = 0.02), and VEGF-A (r = 0.17, p = 0.003) displayed patterns correlating with the CAR, with increased strength of associations observed when assessing cytokine levels against the CAR of the preceding day (CXCL1 r = 0.41, p = 0.0002. IL-6 r = 0.38, p = 0.0006. IL-10 r = 0.3, p = 0.008. VEGF-A r = 0.41, p = 0.0002). Conclusions: These results suggest a temporal relationship between stress-induced cortisol dynamics and immune regulation. The CAR pattern demonstrated in this study may represent induction of and recovery from psychological burnout. Moreover, the observed cytokine associations provide insight into the mechanisms by which stress can influence immune function. The results may have broader implications for managing stress in high-performance environments, such as military and medical professions, and for identifying individuals at risk of stress-related immune suppression.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/biomedicines12112519\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d57d34b2df227570b109491bf21cc96a13710d48\",\n \"result_position\": 50,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 271707472,\n \"title\": \"Neurobiological and psychological factors to depression\",\n \"venue\": \"International journal of psychiatry in clinical practice\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Turner\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a common condition with complex psychological and biological background. While its aetiology is still unclear, chronic stress stands amongst major risk factors to MDD pathogenesis. When researching on MDD, it is necessary to be familiar with the neurobiological effects of several prominent contributors to the chronic stress factor experienced across hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, neurotransmission, immune system reflexivity, and genetic alterations. Bi-directional flow of MDD pathogenesis suggests that psychological factors produce biological effects. Here, a summary of how the MDD expresses its mechanisms of action across an overactive HPA axis, the negative impacts of reduced neurotransmitter functions, the inflammatory responses and their gene x environment interactions. This paper builds on these conceptual factors and their input towards the MDD symptomatology with a purpose of synthesising the current findings and create an integrated view of the MDD pathogenesis. Finally, relevant treatment implications will be summarised, along with recommendations to a multimodal clinical practice.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/13651501.2024.2382091\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fe239c113f9a34ead4cfb3a0591da1f292ec87c1\",\n \"result_position\": 51,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 235302022,\n \"title\": \"The Potential Mechanisms of High-Velocity, Low-Amplitude, Controlled Vertebral Thrusts on Neuroimmune Function: A Narrative Review\",\n \"venue\": \"Medicina\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"H. Haavik\",\n \"I. Niazi\",\n \"Nitika Kumari\",\n \"I. Amjad\",\n \"Jenna Duehr\",\n \"Kelly Holt\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The current COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated the need to find healthcare solutions that boost or support immunity. There is some evidence that high-velocity, low-amplitude (HVLA) controlled vertebral thrusts have the potential to modulate immune mediators. However, the mechanisms of the link between HVLA controlled vertebral thrusts and neuroimmune function and the associated potential clinical implications are less clear. This review aims to elucidate the underlying mechanisms that can explain the HVLA controlled vertebral thrust--neuroimmune link and discuss what this link implies for clinical practice and future research needs. A search for relevant articles published up until April 2021 was undertaken. Twenty-three published papers were found that explored the impact of HVLA controlled vertebral thrusts on neuroimmune markers, of which eighteen found a significant effect. These basic science studies show that HVLA controlled vertebral thrust influence the levels of immune mediators in the body, including neuropeptides, inflammatory markers, and endocrine markers. This narravtive review discusses the most likely mechanisms for how HVLA controlled vertebral thrusts could impact these immune markers. The mechanisms are most likely due to the known changes in proprioceptive processing that occur within the central nervous system (CNS), in particular within the prefrontal cortex, following HVLA spinal thrusts. The prefrontal cortex is involved in the regulation of the autonomic nervous system, the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and the immune system. Bi-directional neuro-immune interactions are affected by emotional or pain-related stress. Stress-induced sympathetic nervous system activity also alters vertebral motor control. Therefore, there are biologically plausible direct and indirect mechanisms that link HVLA controlled vertebral thrusts to the immune system, suggesting HVLA controlled vertebral thrusts have the potential to modulate immune function. However, it is not yet known whether HVLA controlled vertebral thrusts have a clinically relevant impact on immunity. Further research is needed to explore the clinical impact of HVLA controlled vertebral thrusts on immune function.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/medicina57060536\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/accef655aa95f23a582522e21f98f0bdfa8ca95c\",\n \"result_position\": 52,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 257535061,\n \"title\": \"Immediate and Delayed Salivary Cytokine Responses during Repeated Exposures to Cold Pressor Stress\",\n \"venue\": \"Neuroimmunomodulation\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Larra\",\n \"S. Capellino\",\n \"Elena Schwendich\",\n \"Leon von Haugwitz\",\n \"J. Reinders\",\n \"E. Wascher\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Introduction: Excessive stress is increasingly recognized as an important trigger of many diseases prevalent in modern societies, and monitoring such stress-related effects could aid prevention. The measurement of salivary markers of inflammation is emerging as a promising tool to non-invasively quantify stress’ effects on immune processes in everyday life and thereby detect early aberrations before the manifestation of serious health problems. However, more laboratory-controlled research is needed in order to establish the timescale and determinants of salivary cytokine responses to acute stress. Methods: We repeatedly exposed participants to Cold Pressor Stress Test (CPT) or a control procedure and measured a wide array of salivary cytokines as well as subjective, cardiovascular, and cortisol stress reactions. CPT exposure was repeated every 15 min, 3 times in total, with a duration of 3 min each. Saliva was sampled immediately after the first two exposures as well as in 15-min intervals until 60 min after the onset of the first intervention. Results: We found that many cytokines were detectable in saliva. Specific stress effects were limited to IL-8 and IL-6, however, which decreased immediately or 15 min after stress onset, respectively. Moreover, IL-8 was negatively correlated to cortisol output in the stress but not in the control group. Significant increases were also observed in salivary TNFα and IFNγ; however, these effects were similar under both stress and control conditions. Discussion: Our results show that particular salivary cytokines may be sensitive to immediate effects of acute CPT-induced stress and also highlight the importance of employing control procedures to discern stress effects from unrelated variations in salivary cytokines.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1159/000529625\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e8effb2ffe860f97195466754f1ab367d125e886\",\n \"result_position\": 53,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 248918450,\n \"title\": \"Negative correlation between IL‐1β, IL‐12 and TNF‐γ, and cortisol levels in patients with panic disorder\",\n \"venue\": \"Brain and Behavior\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ana Belén Fernández-Serrano\",\n \"F. J. Moya-Faz\",\n \"César Augusto Giner Alegría\",\n \"Juan Carlos Fernández Rodríguez\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Chronic exposure to stress is a major risk factor in anxiety disorders (ADs) and can be accompanied by an altered microbiome–gut–brain axis and a compromised immune system. In recent years, the study of inflammatory processes in AD has gained special attention. Continued stress causes the reactivity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, the alteration of the intestinal microbiota and the consequent release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, affecting the sensitivity to stress and the similar behavior of anxiety.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1002/brb3.2624\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/299b299924d4389ea8b620a089646e091c5793d9\",\n \"result_position\": 54,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 211086970,\n \"title\": \"Network between Cytokines, Cortisol and Occupational Stress in Gas and Oilfield Workers\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Molecular Sciences\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Reale\",\n \"E. Costantini\",\n \"C. D'Angelo\",\n \"L. Coppeta\",\n \"R. Mangifesta\",\n \"Srinivas Jagarlapoodi\",\n \"M. Di Nicola\",\n \"L. Di Giampaolo\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"To test whether gas and oil field work is accompanied by stress and altered immune function, the perception of workplace stress, levels of salivary cortisol, plasma levels, and mononuclear cell production of cytokines were examined in 80 healthy workers recruited among a population of operators on gas and oilfields. Specific questionnaires for determining the perception of anxiety, occupational stress, and subjective symptoms were administered. Salivary cortisol and cytokines plasma levels were evaluated by Elisa and to investigate immune function, both spontaneous and PHA- or LPS-induced expression and production of cytokines were assessed by qRT-PCR. Workers showed medium stress levels at work, with growth and increased motivation for work, and based on salivary cortisol concentrations, were divided into two groups of ≤10 ng/mL (n = 31) or >10 ng/mL (n = 49). Statistically significant higher plasma levels of IL-6, while lower TNFα, were detected in workers with cortisol >10 ng/mL. Also, BMI, DL, JD and Job strain were significantly higher in workers with cortisol >10 ng/mL. Thus, even modest variations of cortisol might have a role in the modulation of immune response and worker’s vulnerability to health imbalance.Thus, the evaluation of immune status, in addition to cortisol levels, could be useful to prevent illnesses; exacerbation of pre-existing conditions; morbidity; and consequent absences from work, with economic repercussions.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/ijms21031118\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9de5075e20643ee6e63cfd2355455c347fa4a6f6\",\n \"result_position\": 55,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 233844074,\n \"title\": \"Polymorphonuclear leucocyte phagocytic function, γδ T-lymphocytes and testosterone as separate stress-responsive markers of prolonged, high-intensity training programs\",\n \"venue\": \"Brain, behavior, & immunity - health\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"D. Leal\",\n \"A. Standing\",\n \"Anna L. Furmanski\",\n \"John Hough\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Excessive exercise with limited recovery may lead to detrimental states of overreaching or the overtraining syndrome. Chronic maladaptation in endocrine and immune mechanisms occur with the incidence of these states. Exercise-induced cortisol and testosterone responses have been proposed as biomarkers of overreaching, with blunted responses following intensified-training periods. Yet, limited information on the effects of overreaching in immunity is available. Healthy individuals completed a 30-min running protocol (the RPETP) before and after a 12-day intensified-training period. Blood and saliva were collected before, after and 30min after RPETP at pre-training and post-training. Plasma and salivary cortisol and testosterone, leucocyte proliferation and polymorphonuclear leucocyte phagocytic activity were examined. Plasma and salivary cortisol were acutely unaffected pre-training (−14% and 0%, p > 0.05) and post-training (−14% and +46%, p > 0.05). Comparing pre-training with post-training, blunted responses were observed in plasma testosterone (43%–19%, p < 0.05) and salivary testosterone (55%–24%, p > 0.05). No acute or resting changes in total leucocyte counts or most leucocyte subsets occurred pre-training or post-training. Yet, a 194% acute elevation in γδ T-lymphocyte number occurred pre-training (p < 0.05), and average resting concentrations were 174% higher post-training. Baseline phagocytic activity was 47% lower post-training (p < 0.05). Intensified training was detrimental, significantly reducing phagocytic activity. Testosterone blunted post-training, indicating an excessive training-related hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal dysfunction. The γδ T-lymphocytes sensitivity to exercise was noted, rendering it as a potential stress-responsive cellular marker. The usefulness of the RPETP to track the onset of overreaching is proposed.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100234\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9932d6474282f94159a468496292e0424d2f1630\",\n \"result_position\": 56,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 221896512,\n \"title\": \"Neuroimmunological effects of early life experiences\",\n \"venue\": \"Brain and Neuroscience Advances\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"N. Brydges\",\n \"J. Reddaway\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Exposure to adverse experiences during development increases the risk of psychiatric illness later in life. Growing evidence suggests a role for the neuroimmune system in this relationship. There is now substantial evidence that the immune system is critical for normal brain development and behaviour, and responds to environmental perturbations experienced early in life. Severe or chronic stress results in dysregulated neuroimmune function, concomitant with abnormal brain morphology and function. Positive experiences including environmental enrichment and exercise exert the opposite effect, promoting normal brain and immune function even in the face of early life stress. The neuroimmune system may therefore provide a viable target for prevention and treatment of psychiatric illness. This review will briefly summarise the neuroimmune system in brain development and function, and review the effects of stress and positive environmental experiences during development on neuroimmune function. There are also significant sex differences in how the neuroimmune system responds to environmental experiences early in life, which we will briefly review.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1177/2398212820953706\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/74bb154b8884e71c75eefddf873afb0e297e1b6e\",\n \"result_position\": 57,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 14356009,\n \"title\": \"Chronic Physical Illness: A Psychophysiological Approach for Chronic Physical Illness\",\n \"venue\": \"The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine\",\n \"year\": 2013,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Purdy\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Growing evidence demonstrates that psychological risk variables can contribute to physical disease. In an effort to thoroughly investigate potential etiological origins and optimal interventions, this broad review is divided into five sections: the stress response, chronic diseases, mind-body theoretical models, psychophysiological interventions, and integrated health care solutions. The stress response and its correlation to chronic disorders such as cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, autoimmune, metabolic syndrome, and chronic pain are comprehensively explored. Current mind-body theoretical models, including peripheral nerve pathway, neurophysiological, and integrative theories, are reviewed to elucidate the biological mechanisms behind psychophysiological interventions. Specific interventions included are psychotherapy, mindfulness meditation, yoga, and psychopharmacology. Finally, the author advocates for an integrated care approach as a means by which to blur the sharp distinction between physical and psychological health. Integrated care approaches can utilize psychiatric nurse practitioners for behavioral assessment, intervention, research, advocacy, consultation, and education to optimize health outcomes.\",\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e12694ec3aae83cad2e29b8d4da2f115c341cf7b\",\n \"result_position\": 58,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 148915916,\n \"title\": \"Psychosomatic Interrelations in Cardiovascular Diseases and Their Consequences on Patient’s Quality of Life\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"C. Cristescu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"At present, the cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are among the major concerns of World Health Organization (WHO), assurance health systems and researchers in the specific field, because they are the number one cause of deaths globally, and according to several perspective studies, they will become the pathology that generates the greatest economic burden worldwide, through morbidity, disability, poor quality of life, and cause of death. Nowadays, the psychic field and the vulnerability of individual mental level to stress are an important link in the development of mental illness, CVD (included in the group of psychosomatic disorders), and also of interrelationship between them. The combined effects of these factors are reflected in the behavioral and cardiovascular (CV) system’s pathophysiological changes, which determine the impairment of health-related quality of life for the CV patients, on both short-term and long-term. This chapter aims to address both the interrelationship of psychosocial factors with CVD in terms of its multifactorial etiology and the mark of this bidirectional link on the quality of life of the patients. In several sections, the following issues will be described: general aspects regarding the relationship between homeostasis-stress-pathology; the role of stress as a psychosocial factor in the multifactorial etiology of CVD; the implications of mental disorders in the pathogenesis of CVD; behavioral aspects of CV patient during his illness, and strategies for improving therapeutic adherence and the quality of life of these patients.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.69699\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d4ae9ce322f0027c591f1d15e8b092c1bfc87895\",\n \"result_position\": 59,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 10020435,\n \"title\": \"Acute and chronic stress induced changes in sensitivity of peripheral inflammatory pathways to the signals of multiple stress systems --2011 Curt Richter Award Winner.\",\n \"venue\": \"Psychoneuroendocrinology\",\n \"year\": 2012,\n \"authors\": [\n \"N. Rohleder\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.12.015\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2883e8844e42463fb1e11f39933380e208c6c05a\",\n \"result_position\": 60,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 244429469,\n \"title\": \"Consequences of pandemic-associated social restrictions: Role of social support and the oxytocin system\",\n \"venue\": \"Psychoneuroendocrinology\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Katharina Gryksa\",\n \"I. Neumann\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"During pandemics, governments take drastic actions to prevent the spreading of the disease, as seen during the present COVID-19 crisis. Sanctions of lockdown, social distancing and quarantine urge people to exclusively work and teach at home and to restrict social contacts to a minimum; lonely people get into further isolation, while families` nerves are strained to the extreme. Overall, this results in a dramatic and chronic increase in the level of psychosocial stress over several months mainly caused by i) social isolation and ii) psychosocial stress associated with overcrowding, social tension in families, and domestic violence. Moreover, pandemic-associated social restrictions are accompanied by loss of an essential stress buffer and important parameter for general mental and physical health: social support. Chronic psychosocial stress and, in particular, social isolation and lack of social support affect not only mental health, but also the brain oxytocin system and the immune system. Hence, pandemic-associated social restrictions are expected to increase the risk of developing psychopathologies, such as depression, anxiety-related and posttraumatic stress disorders, on the one hand, but also to induce a general inflammatory state and to impair the course of infectious disorders on the other. Due to its pro-social and stress-buffering effects, resulting in an anti-inflammatory state in case of disease, the role of the neuropeptide oxytocin will be discussed and critically considered as an emerging treatment option in cases of pandemic-induced psychosocial stress, viral infection and during recovery. In this review, we aim to critically focus on possible short- and long-term consequences of social restrictions on mental health and the immune system, while discussion oxytocin as a possible treatment option.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105601\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/acc4172b0b64fe2e1a657d5a43612337211404eb\",\n \"result_position\": 61,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 4010420,\n \"title\": \"Aggression, Social Stress, and the Immune System in Humans and Animal Models\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Aki Takahashi\",\n \"M. Flanigan\",\n \"B. McEwen\",\n \"S. Russo\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Social stress can lead to the development of psychological problems ranging from exaggerated anxiety and depression to antisocial and violence-related behaviors. Increasing evidence suggests that the immune system is involved in responses to social stress in adulthood. For example, human studies show that individuals with high aggression traits display heightened inflammatory cytokine levels and dysregulated immune responses such as slower wound healing. Similar findings have been observed in patients with depression, and comorbidity of depression and aggression was correlated with stronger immune dysregulation. Therefore, dysregulation of the immune system may be one of the mediators of social stress that produces aggression and/or depression. Similar to humans, aggressive animals also show increased levels of several proinflammatory cytokines, however, unlike humans these animals are more protected from infectious organisms and have faster wound healing than animals with low aggression. On the other hand, subordinate animals that receive repeated social defeat stress have been shown to develop escalated and dysregulated immune responses such as glucocorticoid insensitivity in monocytes. In this review we synthesize the current evidence in humans, non-human primates, and rodents to show a role for the immune system in responses to social stress leading to psychiatric problems such as aggression or depression. We argue that while depression and aggression represent two fundamentally different behavioral and physiological responses to social stress, it is possible that some overlapped, as well as distinct, pattern of immune signaling may underlie both of them. We also argue the necessity of studying animal models of maladaptive aggression induced by social stress (i.e., social isolation) for understanding neuro-immune mechanism of aggression, which may be relevant to human aggression.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00056\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/13661ca0b054f935e99433f23696b2d8e922e7d2\",\n \"result_position\": 62,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 6846520,\n \"title\": \"From stress to inflammation and major depressive disorder: a social signal transduction theory of depression.\",\n \"venue\": \"Psychological bulletin\",\n \"year\": 2014,\n \"authors\": [\n \"George M. Slavich\",\n \"M. Irwin\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1037/a0035302\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5082f6dd27c1d0dc876ce36a16b575a8efc30b58\",\n \"result_position\": 63,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 231720219,\n \"title\": \"To stress or not to stress: Brain-behavior-immune interaction may weaken or promote the immune response to SARS-CoV-2\",\n \"venue\": \"Neurobiology of Stress\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"E. Peters\",\n \"M. Schedlowski\",\n \"C. Watzl\",\n \"U. Gimsa\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The COVID-19 pandemic continues to strongly affect people with health disadvantages, creating a heavy burden on medical systems and societies worldwide. Research is growing rapidly and recently revealed that stress-related factors such as socio-economic status, may also play a pivotal role. However, stress research investigating the underlying psychoneuroimmune interactions is missing. Here we address the question whether stress-associated neuroendocrine-immune mechanisms can possibly contribute to an increase in SARS-CoV-2 infections and influence the course of COVID-19 disease. Additionally, we discuss that not all forms of stress (e.g. acute versus chronic) are detrimental and that some types of stress could attenuate infection-risk and -progression. The overall aim of this review is to motivate future research efforts to clarify whether psychosocial interventions have the potential to optimize neuroendocrine-immune responses against respiratory viral infections during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. The current state of research on different types of stress is summarized in a comprehensive narrative review to promote a psychoneuroimmune understanding of how stress and its mediators cortisol, (nor)adrenaline, neuropeptides and neurotrophins can shape the immune defense against viral diseases. Based on this understanding, we describe how people with high psychosocial stress can be identified, which behaviors and psychosocial interventions may contribute to optimal stress management, and how psychoneuroimmune knowledge can be used to improve adequate care for COVID-19 and other patients with viral infections.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100296\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/466922dd3783655133fffa2cc5f234f05e4487ea\",\n \"result_position\": 64,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 25533522,\n \"title\": \"Stress Hormones, Proinflammatory and Antiinflammatory Cytokines, and Autoimmunity\",\n \"venue\": \"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences\",\n \"year\": 2002,\n \"authors\": [\n \"I. Elenkov\",\n \"G. Chrousos\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04229.x\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5fc3c974bcc0c612af2c9a493595904496ba55de\",\n \"result_position\": 65,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 280004526,\n \"title\": \"Hematological Changes and Immunomodulation of Neutrophil and Monocyte Populations in Shelter Dogs\",\n \"venue\": \"Animals\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Marek Kulka\",\n \"I. Szopa\",\n \"Maciej Klockiewicz\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Simple Summary Animal welfare plays a pivotal role in health assessment in veterinary medicine. Dogs living in shelters often face long-term stress, which can significantly impact their well-being. Commonly used psychological evaluations and checking cortisol levels provide useful insights but may not fully reflect how stress affects immune system functions. In this study, we investigated hematological and biochemical parameters, as well as potential immunomodulation in different living schedules of dogs kept in shelters. We focused on blood cell count and quality changes and also assessed the level of surface antigen expression (TLR4 and MHCII) on neutrophils and monocytes. Moreover, we measured how many of these cells were prone to cell damage and death. The aim of our study was to determine whether the immune system remains efficient under chronic stress conditions. Our findings revealed that stress in the shelter environment modulates immune responses by altering cellular adaptation mechanisms in order to maintain homeostasis. This study provides a novel perspective by highlighting immune system monitoring as a valuable addition to the assessment of animal welfare.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/ani15131988\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7219dee105b3303c1d65936a3f4305cf107bee75\",\n \"result_position\": 66,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 6778698,\n \"title\": \"Enhancing versus Suppressive Effects of Stress on Immune Function: Implications for Immunoprotection and Immunopathology\",\n \"venue\": \"Neuroimmunomodulation\",\n \"year\": 2009,\n \"authors\": [\n \"F. Dhabhar\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1159/000216188\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9a4bc36245c64b84d489161e282660b3ccabe60a\",\n \"result_position\": 67,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 248152531,\n \"title\": \"Stress-induced pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine concentrations in female PTSD and depressive patients\",\n \"venue\": \"Translational Psychiatry\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Vanessa Renner\",\n \"J. Schellong\",\n \"S. Bornstein\",\n \"K. Petrowski\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Alterations of the hypothalamus pituitary-axis on one hand and heightened rates of somatic diseases and mortality on the other hand are consistently found for PTSD and MDD patients. A possible link between these factors might be the immune system, in particular pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. A ‘low-grade inflammation’ in PTSD and MDD patients was found, whereas the influence of acute stress and the role of anti-inflammatory cytokines was rarely examined. In this study, 17 female PTSD patients participated in the Trier social stress test while serum cytokine levels (IL-6, IL-10) were assessed. Cytokine levels of PTSD patients were compared with levels of female depressive patients ( n = 18) and female healthy controls ( n = 18). Group differences were assessed using a 3 (group) x 8 (time: −15, −1, +1, +10, +20, +30, +45, +60 min) ANCOVA for repeated measures with baseline values as covariates. There was no group difference regarding IL-6 levels ( p = 0.920) but PTSD patients showed significantly higher levels of IL-10 compared with depressive patients ( p < 0.001, d = 0.16) and healthy controls ( p = 0.001, d = 0.38). Under acute stress, PTSD patients did not show the widely found elevated IL-6 levels but showed an increase of anti-inflammatory IL-10. Therefore, acute stress seems to promote an imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels in PTSD and might indicate a hyperreactive immune response. This should be considered in future studies to further understand the role of the immune system as a link between stress response and somatic diseases.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s41398-022-01921-1\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6dc54e770daff16bef542161d8d1ee4a6135bdb1\",\n \"result_position\": 68,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 46750679,\n \"title\": \"Inflammatory parameters in sexually abused children\",\n \"venue\": \"Saudi Medical Journal\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Kilic Serbulent\",\n \"K. Ozlem\",\n \"Tutanc Murat\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Objectives: To investigate whether serum levels of cortisol, interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 differed between children with or without a sexual trauma. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Child Protective Service (CPS), Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey, between May 2016 and July 2016. Three different markers (cortisol, interleukin-6 and interleukin-10) were used to perform this experiment. We included 17 children age less than 18 years old and sexually abused, and 10 children who were not abused as a control group. The levels of cortisol, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10 were measured in blood samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The results of the experiment were statistically analyzed. Results: The findings indicate that serum levels of interleukin-6 were higher in the sexually abused children compared with the control group (p=0.002). There were no significant differences in the serum levels of cortisol (p=0.604) and interleukin-10 (p=0.835) between the sexually abused children and the control group. Conclusion No significant differences were seen between the patients with or without sexual assault in terms of cortisol and IL-10 levels. It is found that in age-matched controls, SAC had higher IL-6 levels.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.15537/smj.2017.12.21463\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/60cc66f9fcacf4ac7c6ffd781b3605d026f3ce1a\",\n \"result_position\": 69,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 5549510,\n \"title\": \"Psychological stress and the human immune system: a meta-analytic study of 30 years of inquiry.\",\n \"venue\": \"Psychological bulletin\",\n \"year\": 2004,\n \"authors\": [\n \"S. Segerstrom\",\n \"G. Miller\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1037/0033-2909.130.4.601\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/eeff8be1106778948b18d94e4ea16f28b42d16ee\",\n \"result_position\": 70,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 22738931,\n \"title\": \"Stress-Induced Immune Dysregulation: Implications for Wound Healing, Infectious Disease and Cancer\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology\",\n \"year\": 2006,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Godbout\",\n \"R. Glaser\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s11481-006-9036-0\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/938e7c622f9af3c340f2965b9aba214f859b99f0\",\n \"result_position\": 71,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 46888079,\n \"title\": \"Stress and the psyche–brain–immune network in psychiatric diseases based on psychoneuroendocrineimmunology: a concise review\",\n \"venue\": \"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Bottaccioli\",\n \"F. Bottaccioli\",\n \"A. Minelli\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1111/nyas.13728\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/013b385e0bd8e29bf1d8056482a9dc7d38234a49\",\n \"result_position\": 72,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 272045221,\n \"title\": \"Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis: Unveiling the Potential Mechanisms Involved in Stress-Induced Alzheimer’s Disease and Depression\",\n \"venue\": \"Cureus\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Sharan P\",\n \"Chitra Vellapandian\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis plays a pivotal role in the body's response to stress, orchestrating the release of glucocorticoids. In chronic scenarios, these glucocorticoids contribute to various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and depression. This abstract explores the potential mechanisms through which HPA axis dysregulation links stress-induced pathways to the pathogenesis of AD and subsequent depression. Chronic stress triggers prolonged HPA axis activation, resulting in elevated cortisol levels, which can lead to hippocampal atrophy, synaptic dysfunction, and neuroinflammation, recognized as key pathological features of AD. These alterations impair cognitive function and may exacerbate amyloid-beta plaque formation and tau hyperphosphorylation, hallmarks of AD. Concurrently, persistent cortisol elevation affects the prefrontal cortex and limbic structures, contributing to depressive symptoms. The interplay between chronic stress, HPA axis dysregulation, and neuroinflammation is crucial in understanding the comorbidity of AD and depression. Unveiling these mechanisms provides insights into potential therapeutic targets aimed at modulating the HPA axis and reducing stress-induced neurodegeneration, offering a dual benefit in managing both AD and depression. Further research is essential to elucidate the precise molecular pathways and develop effective interventions to mitigate the impact of chronic stress on brain health.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.7759/cureus.67595\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a55ecb3930265e328a4d39409a9f76ea8b434584\",\n \"result_position\": 73,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 3947468,\n \"title\": \"Modern approaches to understanding stress and disease susceptibility: A review with special emphasis on respiratory disease\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of General Medicine\",\n \"year\": 2009,\n \"authors\": [\n \"P. Aich\",\n \"A. Potter\",\n \"P. Griebel\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Studies in animals and humans link both physical and psychological stress with an increased incidence and severity of respiratory infections. For this manuscript we define stress as the physiological responses an individual undergoes while adjusting to a continually changing environment. It is known that stressors of various types (psychological/physical) can alter the physiological levels of certain hormones, chemokines and cytokines. These alterations send information to the central nervous system to take necessary action which then sends messages to appropriate organs/tissues/cells to respond. These messages can either activate or suppress the immune system as needed and failure to compensate for this by the body can lead to serious health-related problems. Little is known how stress affects disease susceptibility, yet understanding this mechanism is important for developing effective treatments, and for improving health and food quality. The current review focuses on (a) the effects of psychological stressors in humans and animals, (b) various methodologies employed to understand stress responses and their outcomes, and (c) the current status of the attempts to correlate stress and disease with respiratory disease as model system. The methodologies included in this review span traditional epidemiological, behavioral and immunological studies to current high throughput genomic, proteomic, metabolomic/metabonomic approaches. With the advent of various newer omics and bioinformatics methodologies we postulate that it will become feasible to understand the mechanisms through which stress can influence disease onset. Although the literature in this area is limited because of the infancy of this research area, the objective of this review is to illustrate the power of new approaches to address complex biological questions. These new approaches will also aid in our understanding how these processes are related to the dynamics and kinetics of changes in expression of multiple genes at various levels.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.2147/IJGM.S4843\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5560c5577076d3180d78439586d9ebe75653b20f\",\n \"result_position\": 74,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":85,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"What are currently accepted bounds of test empirical risk and true risk?\nI am using test empirical risk in an algorithm but the math uses true risk. I am trying to quantify the impact of the approximation. A lower bound and upper bound on the empirical risk in terms of the true risk is what I am seeking to know how far I can push it\n\nPLEASE NOTE TEST EMPIRICAL RISK NOT TRAINING.\nI DO NOT CARE FOR TRAINING EMPIRICAL RISK"},"query_timestamp":{"kind":"string","value":"2025-06-16T20:53:46.746049+00:00"},"thread_id":{"kind":"string","value":"cf434609057b9b90a33bf41e7837cd55ee1c793bd6d88c0daf13f5f24e5978c1"},"num_shown":{"kind":"number","value":35,"string":"35"},"num_clicked":{"kind":"number","value":1,"string":"1"},"has_clicks":{"kind":"bool","value":true,"string":"true"},"shown_papers":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"corpus_id":248887666,"title":"Certified Error Control of Candidate Set Pruning for Two-Stage Relevance Ranking","venue":"Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","year":2022,"authors":["Minghan Li","Xinyu Crystina Zhang","Ji Xin","Hongyang Zhang","Jimmy J. Lin"],"abstract":"In information retrieval (IR), candidate set pruning has been commonly used to speed up two-stage relevance ranking. However, such an approach lacks accurate error control and often trades accuracy against computational efficiency in an empirical fashion, missing theoretical guarantees. In this paper, we propose the concept of certified error control of candidate set pruning for relevance ranking, which means that the test error after pruning is guaranteed to be controlled under a user-specified threshold with high probability. Both in-domain and out-of-domain experiments show that our method successfully prunes the first-stage retrieved candidate sets to improve the second-stage reranking speed while satisfying the pre-specified accuracy constraints in both settings. For example, on MS MARCO Passage v1, our method reduces the average candidate set size from 1000 to 27, increasing reranking speed by about 37 times, while keeping MRR@10 greater than a pre-specified value of 0.38 with about 90% empirical coverage. In contrast, empirical baselines fail to meet such requirements. Code and data are available at: https://github.com/alexlimh/CEC-Ranking.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2205.09638","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0c430ea48e37ff43d3ab373ea1441468aa923653","result_position":0,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":238634210,"title":"Tracking the risk of a deployed model and detecting harmful distribution shifts","venue":"International Conference on Learning Representations","year":2021,"authors":["A. Podkopaev","Aaditya Ramdas"],"abstract":"When deployed in the real world, machine learning models inevitably encounter changes in the data distribution, and certain—but not all—distribution shifts could result in significant performance degradation. In practice, it may make sense to ignore benign shifts, under which the performance of a deployed model does not degrade substantially, making interventions by a human expert (or model retraining) unnecessary. While several works have developed tests for distribution shifts, these typically either use non-sequential methods, or detect arbitrary shifts (benign or harmful), or both. We argue that a sensible method for firing off a warning has to both (a) detect harmful shifts while ignoring benign ones, and (b) allow continuous monitoring of model performance without increasing the false alarm rate. In this work, we design simple sequential tools for testing if the difference between source (training) and target (test) distributions leads to a significant increase in a risk function of interest, like accuracy or calibration. Recent advances in constructing time-uniform confidence sequences allow efficient aggregation of statistical evidence accumulated during the tracking process. The designed framework is applicable in settings where (some) true labels are revealed after the prediction is performed, or when batches of labels become available in a delayed fashion. We demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed framework through an extensive empirical study on a collection of simulated and real datasets.","doi":"","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2e51e475ca448e9234c9a4e49c5d9a6605591084","result_position":1,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":195658059,"title":"Principal component analysis for multivariate extremes","venue":"","year":2019,"authors":["H. Drees","Anne Sabourin"],"abstract":"The first order behavior of multivariate heavy-tailed random vectors above large radial thresholds is ruled by a limit measure in a regular variation framework. For a high dimensional vector, a reasonable assumption is that the support of this measure is concentrated on a lower dimensional subspace, meaning that certain linear combinations of the components are much likelier to be large than others. Identifying this subspace and thus reducing the dimension will facilitate a refined statistical analysis. In this work we apply Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to a re-scaled version of radially thresholded observations. Within the statistical learning framework of empirical risk minimization, our main focus is to analyze the squared reconstruction error for the exceedances over large radial thresholds. We prove that the empirical risk converges to the true risk, uniformly over all projection subspaces. As a consequence, the best projection subspace is shown to converge in probability to the optimal one, in terms of the Hausdorff distance between their intersections with the unit sphere. In addition, if the exceedances are re-scaled to the unit ball, we obtain finite sample uniform guarantees to the reconstruction error pertaining to the estimated projection sub-space. Numerical experiments illustrate the relevance of the proposed framework for practical purposes.","doi":"10.1214/21-EJS1803","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d23601c9c4eb04ed80aefdec6421d6aee5966389","result_position":2,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":26821646,"title":"Regularization via Mass Transportation","venue":"Journal of machine learning research","year":2017,"authors":["Soroosh Shafieezadeh-Abadeh","D. Kuhn","Peyman Mohajerin Esfahani"],"abstract":"The goal of regression and classification methods in supervised learning is to minimize the empirical risk, that is, the expectation of some loss function quantifying the prediction error under the empirical distribution. When facing scarce training data, overfitting is typically mitigated by adding regularization terms to the objective that penalize hypothesis complexity. In this paper we introduce new regularization techniques using ideas from distributionally robust optimization, and we give new probabilistic interpretations to existing techniques. Specifically, we propose to minimize the worst-case expected loss, where the worst case is taken over the ball of all (continuous or discrete) distributions that have a bounded transportation distance from the (discrete) empirical distribution. By choosing the radius of this ball judiciously, we can guarantee that the worst-case expected loss provides an upper confidence bound on the loss on test data, thus offering new generalization bounds. We prove that the resulting regularized learning problems are tractable and can be tractably kernelized for many popular loss functions. We validate our theoretical out-of-sample guarantees through simulated and empirical experiments.","doi":"","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7bdf0bb4adb6a884303597600398c6ef583f78c4","result_position":3,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":15024318,"title":"Distributionally Robust Logistic Regression","venue":"Neural Information Processing Systems","year":2015,"authors":["Soroosh Shafieezadeh-Abadeh","Peyman Mohajerin Esfahani","D. Kuhn"],"abstract":"This paper proposes a distributionally robust approach to logistic regression. We use the Wasserstein distance to construct a ball in the space of probability distributions centered at the uniform distribution on the training samples. If the radius of this ball is chosen judiciously, we can guarantee that it contains the unknown data-generating distribution with high confidence. We then formulate a distribution-ally robust logistic regression model that minimizes a worst-case expected logloss function, where the worst case is taken over all distributions in the Wasserstein ball. We prove that this optimization problem admits a tractable reformulation and encapsulates the classical as well as the popular regularized logistic regression problems as special cases. We further propose a distributionally robust approach based on Wasserstein balls to compute upper and lower confidence bounds on the misclassification probability of the resulting classifier. These bounds are given by the optimal values of two highly tractable linear programs. We validate our theoretical out-of-sample guarantees through simulated and empirical experiments.","doi":"","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/51dcc0c6c8ea27f0a5a3071fb8c4b32004cd55d8","result_position":4,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":53316620,"title":"VALUATION : A N ADVERSARIAL APPROACH TO UNCOVER CATASTROPHIC FAILURES","venue":"","year":2018,"authors":["Jonathan Uesato","Ananya Kumar","Csaba Szepesvari","Tom Erez","Avraham Ruderman","Keith Anderson","K. Dvijotham","N. Heess","Pushmeet Kohli"],"abstract":null,"doi":"","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5ad2c21ad1c3267e4ce484543bb699d558066d9a","result_position":5,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":270199935,"title":"Fast yet Safe: Early-Exiting with Risk Control","venue":"Neural Information Processing Systems","year":2024,"authors":["Metod Jazbec","Alexander Timans","Tin Hadvzi Veljkovi'c","K. Sakmann","Dan Zhang","C. A. Naesseth","Eric Nalisnick"],"abstract":"Scaling machine learning models significantly improves their performance. However, such gains come at the cost of inference being slow and resource-intensive. Early-exit neural networks (EENNs) offer a promising solution: they accelerate inference by allowing intermediate layers to exit and produce a prediction early. Yet a fundamental issue with EENNs is how to determine when to exit without severely degrading performance. In other words, when is it 'safe' for an EENN to go 'fast'? To address this issue, we investigate how to adapt frameworks of risk control to EENNs. Risk control offers a distribution-free, post-hoc solution that tunes the EENN's exiting mechanism so that exits only occur when the output is of sufficient quality. We empirically validate our insights on a range of vision and language tasks, demonstrating that risk control can produce substantial computational savings, all the while preserving user-specified performance goals.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2405.20915","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/91fa255d432a30661d6fc07cdd54e359a1a3933e","result_position":6,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":351824,"title":"Multiclass Classification Calibration Functions","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2016,"authors":["B. '. Pires","Csaba Szepesvari"],"abstract":"In this paper we refine the process of computing calibration functions for a number of multiclass classification surrogate losses. Calibration functions are a powerful tool for easily converting bounds for the surrogate risk (which can be computed through well-known methods) into bounds for the true risk, the probability of making a mistake. They are particularly suitable in non-parametric settings, where the approximation error can be controlled, and provide tighter bounds than the common technique of upper-bounding the 0-1 loss by the surrogate loss. \nThe abstract nature of the more sophisticated existing calibration function results requires calibration functions to be explicitly derived on a case-by-case basis, requiring repeated efforts whenever bounds for a new surrogate loss are required. We devise a streamlined analysis that simplifies the process of deriving calibration functions for a large number of surrogate losses that have been proposed in the literature. The effort of deriving calibration functions is then surmised in verifying, for a chosen surrogate loss, a small number of conditions that we introduce. \nAs case studies, we recover existing calibration functions for the well-known loss of Lee et al. (2004), and also provide novel calibration functions for well-known losses, including the one-versus-all loss and the logistic regression loss, plus a number of other losses that have been shown to be classification-calibrated in the past, but for which no calibration function had been derived.","doi":"","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/154495206e401a892b94150f7e7dc855c5940dd2","result_position":7,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":53688449,"title":"Optimal upper and lower bounds for the true and empirical excess risks in heteroscedastic least-squares regression","venue":"","year":2013,"authors":["Adrien Saumard"],"abstract":"We consider the estimation of a bounded regression function with nonparametric heteroscedastic noise and random design. We study the true and empirical excess risks of the least-squares estimator on finite-dimensional vector spaces. We give upper and lower bounds on these quantities that are nonasymptotic and optimal to first order, allowing the dimension to depend on sample size. These bounds show the equivalence between the true and empirical excess risks when, among other things, the least-squares estimator is consistent in sup-norm with the projection of the regression function onto the considered model. Consistency in the sup-norm is then proved for suitable histogram models and more general models of piecewise polynomials that are endowed with a localized basis structure.","doi":"10.1214/12-EJS679","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f9b72455a8047dde3d6f5d6c51b2c455d5edb00b","result_position":8,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":9071349,"title":"Minimax Multi-Task Learning and a Generalized Loss-Compositional Paradigm for MTL","venue":"Neural Information Processing Systems","year":2012,"authors":["Nishant A. Mehta","Dongryeol Lee","Alexander G. Gray"],"abstract":"Since its inception, the modus operandi of multi-task learning (MTL) has been to minimize the task-wise mean of the empirical risks. We introduce a generalized loss-compositional paradigm for MTL that includes a spectrum of formulations as a subfamily. One endpoint of this spectrum is minimax MTL: a new MTL formulation that minimizes the maximum of the tasks' empirical risks. Via a certain relaxation of minimax MTL, we obtain a continuum of MTL formulations spanning minimax MTL and classical MTL. The full paradigm itself is loss-compositional, operating on the vector of empirical risks. It incorporates minimax MTL, its relaxations, and many new MTL formulations as special cases. We show theoretically that minimax MTL tends to avoid worst case outcomes on newly drawn test tasks in the learning to learn (LTL) test setting. The results of several MTL formulations on synthetic and real problems in the MTL and LTL test settings are encouraging.","doi":"","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a73a02c772890a15cc1f68ac5d93d10060910a56","result_position":9,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":235367836,"title":"Encoding-dependent generalization bounds for parametrized quantum circuits","venue":"Quantum","year":2021,"authors":["Matthias C. Caro","Elies Gil-Fuster","Johannes Jakob Meyer","J. Eisert","R. Sweke"],"abstract":"A large body of recent work has begun to explore the potential of parametrized quantum circuits (PQCs) as machine learning models, within the framework of hybrid quantum-classical optimization. In particular, theoretical guarantees on the out-of-sample performance of such models, in terms of generalization bounds, have emerged. However, none of these generalization bounds depend explicitly on how the classical input data is encoded into the PQC. We derive generalization bounds for PQC-based models that depend explicitly on the strategy used for data-encoding. These imply bounds on the performance of trained PQC-based models on unseen data. Moreover, our results facilitate the selection of optimal data-encoding strategies via structural risk minimization, a mathematically rigorous framework for model selection. We obtain our generalization bounds by bounding the complexity of PQC-based models as measured by the Rademacher complexity and the metric entropy, two complexity measures from statistical learning theory. To achieve this, we rely on a representation of PQC-based models via trigonometric functions. Our generalization bounds emphasize the importance of well-considered data-encoding strategies for PQC-based models.","doi":"10.22331/q-2021-11-17-582","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4cf9df3c15d728acdbe1df88f4d09fad84d7cc9b","result_position":10,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":267770214,"title":"Leveraging PAC-Bayes Theory and Gibbs Distributions for Generalization Bounds with Complexity Measures","venue":"International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics","year":2024,"authors":["Paul Viallard","Rémi Emonet","Amaury Habrard","Emilie Morvant","V. Zantedeschi"],"abstract":"In statistical learning theory, a generalization bound usually involves a complexity measure imposed by the considered theoretical framework. This limits the scope of such bounds, as other forms of capacity measures or regularizations are used in algorithms. In this paper, we leverage the framework of disintegrated PAC-Bayes bounds to derive a general generalization bound instantiable with arbitrary complexity measures. One trick to prove such a result involves considering a commonly used family of distributions: the Gibbs distributions. Our bound stands in probability jointly over the hypothesis and the learning sample, which allows the complexity to be adapted to the generalization gap as it can be customized to fit both the hypothesis class and the task.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2402.13285","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/96cbf6e1e15a4eec937e25e80b68e3985406ba42","result_position":11,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":245117610,"title":"PACMAN: PAC-style bounds accounting for the Mismatch between Accuracy and Negative log-loss","venue":"Information and Inference A Journal of the IMA","year":2021,"authors":["Matías Vera","L. Vega","P. Piantanida"],"abstract":"\n The ultimate performance of machine learning algorithms for classification tasks is usually measured in terms of the empirical error probability (or accuracy) using a testing dataset, although these algorithms are optimized through the minimization of a typically different—more convenient—loss function using a training set. For classification tasks, this loss function is often the negative log-loss that yields the well-known cross-entropy risk that is typically better behaved (in terms of numerical behavior) than the 0-1 loss. Conventional studies on the generalization error do not usually take into account the underlying mismatch between losses at training and testing phases. In this work, we introduce a theoretical analysis based on a pointwise probably approximately correct (PAC) approach over the generalization gap considering the mismatch of testing on the accuracy metric and training on the negative log-loss, referred to as PACMAN. Building on the fact that the resulting mismatch can be written as a likelihood ratio, concentration inequalities can be used to obtain insights into the generalization gap in terms of PAC bounds, which depend on some meaningful information-theoretic quantities. An analysis of the obtained bounds and a comparison with available results in the literature is also provided.","doi":"10.1093/imaiai/iaae002","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7ad7051dfe444e6987ae0fdc5b773c8155d395b4","result_position":12,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":240354091,"title":"Improving Generalization Bounds for VC Classes Using the Hypergeometric Tail Inversion","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2021,"authors":["Jean-Samuel Leboeuf","F. Leblanc","M. Marchand"],"abstract":"We significantly improve the generalization bounds for VC classes by using two main ideas. First, we consider the hypergeometric tail inversion to obtain a very tight non-uniform distribution-independent risk upper bound for VC classes. Second, we optimize the ghost sample trick to obtain a further non-negligible gain. These improvements are then used to derive a relative deviation bound, a multiclass margin bound, as well as a lower bound. Numerical comparisons show that the new bound is nearly never vacuous, and is tighter than other VC bounds for all reasonable data set sizes.","doi":"","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/be65b9111de35a51648dd95c9f7db869965beb85","result_position":13,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":11834225,"title":"Statistical Learning Theory: Models, Concepts, and Results","venue":"Inductive Logic","year":2008,"authors":["U. V. Luxburg","B. Scholkopf"],"abstract":"Publisher Summary Statistical learning theory is regarded as one of the most beautifully developed branches of artificial intelligence. It provides the theoretical basis for many of today's machine learning algorithms. The theory helps to explore what permits to draw valid conclusions from empirical data. This chapter provides an overview of the key ideas and insights of statistical learning theory. The statistical learning theory begins with a class of hypotheses and uses empirical data to select one hypothesis from the class. If the data generating mechanism is benign, then it is observed that the difference between the training error and test error of a hypothesis from the class is small. The statistical learning theory generally avoids metaphysical statements about aspects of the true underlying dependency, and thus is precise by referring to the difference between training and test error. The chapter also describes some other variants of machine learning.","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-444-52936-7.50016-1","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b7fa6ab03090501f1ff24ec4603ac8368ed3e83a","result_position":14,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":258947537,"title":"Exact Generalization Guarantees for (Regularized) Wasserstein Distributionally Robust Models","venue":"Neural Information Processing Systems","year":2023,"authors":["Waïss Azizian","F. Iutzeler","J. Malick"],"abstract":"Wasserstein distributionally robust estimators have emerged as powerful models for prediction and decision-making under uncertainty. These estimators provide attractive generalization guarantees: the robust objective obtained from the training distribution is an exact upper bound on the true risk with high probability. However, existing guarantees either suffer from the curse of dimensionality, are restricted to specific settings, or lead to spurious error terms. In this paper, we show that these generalization guarantees actually hold on general classes of models, do not suffer from the curse of dimensionality, and can even cover distribution shifts at testing. We also prove that these results carry over to the newly-introduced regularized versions of Wasserstein distributionally robust problems.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2305.17076","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0affd22f71bc0a845a9a26f26fe79cbfc5a69fc9","result_position":15,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":271961755,"title":"Extreme Meta-Classification for Large-Scale Zero-Shot Retrieval","venue":"Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining","year":2024,"authors":["Sachin Yadav","D. Saini","A. Buvanesh","Bhawna Paliwal","Kunal Dahiya","Siddarth Asokan","Yashoteja Prabhu","Jian Jiao","Manik Varma"],"abstract":"We develop accurate and efficient solutions for large-scale retrieval tasks where novel (zero-shot) items can arrive continuously at a rapid pace. Conventional Siamese-style approaches embed both queries and items through a small encoder and retrieve the items lying closest to the query. While this approach allows efficient addition and retrieval of novel items, the small encoder lacks sufficient capacity for the necessary world knowledge in complex retrieval tasks. The extreme classification approaches have addressed this by learning a separate classifier for each item observed in the training set which significantly increases the representation capacity of the model. Such classifiers outperform Siamese approaches on observed items, but cannot be trained for novel items due to data and latency constraints. To bridge these gaps, this paper develops: (1) A new algorithmic framework, EMMETT, which efficiently synthesizes classifiers on-the-fly for novel items, by relying on the readily available classifiers for observed items; (2) A new algorithm, IRENE, which is a simple and effective instance of EMMETT that is specifically suited for large-scale deployments, and (3) A new theoretical framework for analyzing the generalization performance in large-scale zero-shot retrieval which guides our algorithm and training related design decisions. Comprehensive experiments are conducted on a wide range of retrieval tasks which demonstrate that IRENE improves the zero-shot retrieval accuracy by up to 15% points in Recall@10 when added on top of leading encoders. Additionally, on an online A/B test in a large-scale ad retrieval task in a major search engine, IRENE improved the ad click-through rate by 4.2%. Lastly, we validate our design choices through extensive ablative experiments. The source code for IRENE is available at https://aka.ms/irene.","doi":"10.1145/3637528.3672046","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/77cd18e25ce492ed79fc756d9e7ff2ef398e7dea","result_position":16,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":254739858,"title":"Robustness and generalization","venue":"Machine-mediated learning","year":2010,"authors":["Huan Xu","Shie Mannor"],"abstract":"We derive generalization bounds for learning algorithms based on their robustness: the property that if a testing sample is “similar” to a training sample, then the testing error is close to the training error. This provides a novel approach, different from complexity or stability arguments, to study generalization of learning algorithms. One advantage of the robustness approach, compared to previous methods, is the geometric intuition it conveys. Consequently, robustness-based analysis is easy to extend to learning in non-standard setups such as Markovian samples or quantile loss. We further show that a weak notion of robustness is both sufficient and necessary for generalizability, which implies that robustness is a fundamental property that is required for learning algorithms to work.","doi":"10.1007/s10994-011-5268-1","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6569bd65c835c10c57af312dd7a1215f6485e4f5","result_position":17,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":211126671,"title":"Quantum algorithms for hedging and the Sparsitron","venue":"","year":2020,"authors":["Yassine Hamoudi","Maharshi Ray","P. Rebentrost","M. Santha","Xin Wang","Siyi Yang"],"abstract":"A paradigmatic algorithm for online learning is the Freund/Schapire Hedge algorithm with multiplicative weight updates. For multiple time steps, the algorithm constructs an allocation into different strategies or experts for which it is guaranteed that a certain regret is never much greater than the minimally achievable, even in an adversarial situation. This work presents quantum algorithms for such online learning in an oracular setting. For $T$ time steps and $N$ strategies, we exhibit run times of about $O \\left ({\\rm poly} (T) \\sqrt{N} \\right)$ for passively estimating the hedging losses and for actively betting according to quantum sampling. In addition, we discuss a quantum analogue of a machine learning algorithm, the Sparsitron, which is based on the Hedge algorithm. The quantum algorithm inherits the provable learning guarantees from the classical algorithm and exhibits polynomial speedups. The speedups shown here may find relevance in both finance, for example for estimating hedging losses, and machine learning, for example for learning a generalized linear model or an Ising model.","doi":"","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f229994f7bdf3acd3afe11fd2509f9e20631dff8","result_position":18,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":275921304,"title":"DAGPrompT: Pushing the Limits of Graph Prompting with a Distribution-aware Graph Prompt Tuning Approach","venue":"The Web Conference","year":2025,"authors":["Qin Chen","Liangji Wang","Bo Zheng","Guojie Song"],"abstract":"The ''pre-train then fine-tune'' approach has advanced GNNs by enabling general knowledge capture without task-specific labels. However, an objective gap between pre-training and downstream tasks limits its effectiveness. Recent graph prompting methods aim to close this gap through task reformulations and learnable prompts. Despite this, they struggle with complex graphs like heterophily graphs. Freezing the GNN encoder can reduce the impact of prompting, while simple prompts fail to handle diverse hop-level distributions. This paper identifies two key challenges in adapting graph prompting methods for complex graphs: (i) adapting the model to new distributions in downstream tasks to mitigate pre-training and fine-tuning discrepancies from heterophily and (ii) customizing prompts for hop-specific node requirements. To overcome these challenges, we propose Distribution-aware Graph Prompt Tuning (DAGPrompT), which integrates a GLoRA module for optimizing the GNN encoder's projection matrix and message-passing schema through low-rank adaptation. DAGPrompT also incorporates hop-specific prompts accounting for varying graph structures and distributions among hops. Evaluations on 10 datasets and 14 baselines demonstrate that DAGPrompT improves accuracy by up to 4.79% in node and graph classification tasks, setting a new state-of-the-art while preserving efficiency. Codes are available at https://github.com/Cqkkkkkk/DAGPrompT GitHub.","doi":"10.1145/3696410.3714917","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/80ce2d89edd040ae0b9704786dc8801d4c07478a","result_position":19,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":258841525,"title":"Weakly Supervised AUC Optimization: A Unified Partial AUC Approach","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","year":2023,"authors":["Zheng Xie","Yu Liu","Hao He","Ming Li","Zhi-Hua Zhou"],"abstract":"Since acquiring perfect supervision is usually difficult, real-world machine learning tasks often confront inaccurate, incomplete, or inexact supervision, collectively referred to as weak supervision. In this work, we present WSAUC, a unified framework for weakly supervised AUC optimization problems, which covers noisy label learning, positive-unlabeled learning, multi-instance learning, and semi-supervised learning scenarios. Within the WSAUC framework, we first frame the AUC optimization problems in various weakly supervised scenarios as a common formulation of minimizing the AUC risk on contaminated sets, and demonstrate that the empirical risk minimization problems are consistent with the true AUC. Then, we introduce a new type of partial AUC, specifically, the reversed partial AUC (rpAUC), which serves as a robust training objective for AUC maximization in the presence of contaminated labels. WSAUC offers a universal solution for AUC optimization in various weakly supervised scenarios by maximizing the empirical rpAUC. Theoretical and experimental results under multiple settings support the effectiveness of WSAUC on a range of weakly supervised AUC optimization tasks.","doi":"10.1109/TPAMI.2024.3357814","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a3f75d5193f51c7a12f9afc1257797bdf4c5d332","result_position":20,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":173990819,"title":"Bayesian Prior Networks with PAC Training","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2019,"authors":["Manuel Haussmann","S. Gerwinn","M. Kandemir"],"abstract":"We propose to train Bayesian Neural Networks (BNNs) by empirical Bayes as an alternative to posterior weight inference. By approximately marginalizing out an i.i.d.\\ realization of a finite number of sibling weights per data-point using the Central Limit Theorem (CLT), we attain a scalable and effective Bayesian deep predictor. This approach directly models the posterior predictive distribution, by-passing the intractable posterior weight inference step. However, it introduces a prohibitively large number of hyperparameters for stable training. As the prior weights are marginalized and hyperparameters are optimized, the model also no longer provides a means to incorporate prior knowledge. We overcome both of these drawbacks by deriving a trivial PAC bound that comprises the marginal likelihood of the predictor and a complexity penalty. The outcome integrates organically into the prior networks framework, bringing about an effective and holistic Bayesian treatment of prediction uncertainty. We observe on various regression, classification, and out-of-domain detection benchmarks that our scalable method provides an improved model fit accompanied with significantly better uncertainty estimates than the state-of-the-art.","doi":"","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1d6206315af388a309d8c9bbd31795f7f6e90768","result_position":21,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":14174149,"title":"A Mathematical Theory of Learning","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2014,"authors":["Ibrahim M. Alabdulmohsin"],"abstract":"In this paper, a mathematical theory of learning is proposed that has many parallels with information theory. We consider Vapnik's General Setting of Learning in which the learning process is defined to be the act of selecting a hypothesis in response to a given training set. Such hypothesis can, for example, be a decision boundary in classification, a set of centroids in clustering, or a set of frequent item-sets in association rule mining. Depending on the hypothesis space and how the final hypothesis is selected, we show that a learning process can be assigned a numeric score, called learning capacity, which is analogous to Shannon's channel capacity and satisfies similar interesting properties as well such as the data-processing inequality and the information-cannot-hurt inequality. In addition, learning capacity provides the tightest possible bound on the difference between true risk and empirical risk of the learning process for all loss functions that are parametrized by the chosen hypothesis. It is also shown that the notion of learning capacity equivalently quantifies how sensitive the choice of the final hypothesis is to a small perturbation in the training set. Consequently, algorithmic stability is both necessary and sufficient for generalization. While the theory does not rely on concentration inequalities, we finally show that analogs to classical results in learning theory using the Probably Approximately Correct (PAC) model can be immediately deduced using this theory, and conclude with information-theoretic bounds to learning capacity.","doi":"","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/79623fb0bb54d9c0ed1f3419b66c514868435464","result_position":22,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":1342988,"title":"Large Margin Multiclass Gaussian Classification with Differential Privacy","venue":"Privacy and Security Issues in Data Mining and Machine Learning","year":2010,"authors":["Manas A. Pathak","B. Raj"],"abstract":"As increasing amounts of sensitive personal information is aggregated into data repositories, it has become important to develop mechanisms for processing the data without revealing information about individual data instances. The differential privacy model provides a framework for the development and theoretical analysis of such mechanisms. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for learning a discriminatively trained multiclass Gaussian classifier that satisfies differential privacy using a large margin loss function with a perturbed regularization term. We present a theoretical upper bound on the excess risk of the classifier introduced by the perturbation.","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-19896-0_9","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/82222abf3ee60bdf4f758f93b7ca426fc86f909b","result_position":23,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":10183172,"title":"Nonparametric decentralized detection based on weighted count kernel","venue":"IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory. Proceedings","year":2012,"authors":["Jiayao Hu","Yingbin Liang","E. Xing"],"abstract":"The nonparametric decentralized detection problem is investigated, in which the joint distribution of the environmental event and the sensors' observations are not known and only a set of training samples are available. The system features rate constraints, i.e., integer bit constraints on sensors' transmissions, different qualities of observations, additional observations to the fusion center, and multi-level tree-structured network. Our study adopts the kernel-based nonparametric approach proposed by Nguyen, Wainwright, and Jordan with the following generalization. A weighted count kernel is introduced so that the corresponding reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) (over which the fusion center's decision rule is optimized) allows the fusion center's decision rule to count information from sensors and its own observations differently. In order to find the optimal decision rules, our optimization is solved by alternatively and recursively conducting three optimization steps: finding the optimal weight parameters in the weighted count kernel for selecting the best associated RKHS, finding the best optimal decision rule for the fusion center over the identified RKHS, and finding the local decision rules for sensors. Generalization to multilevel tree-structured networks is also discussed. Finally numerical results are provided to demonstrate the performance based on the proposed weighted count kernel.","doi":"10.1109/ISIT.2012.6284201","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/23c30bcf1b46a715e4b5f3e78e3d61c70951a04d","result_position":24,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":258588408,"title":"Testing for Overfitting","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2023,"authors":["J. Schmidt"],"abstract":"High complexity models are notorious in machine learning for overfitting, a phenomenon in which models well represent data but fail to generalize an underlying data generating process. A typical procedure for circumventing overfitting computes empirical risk on a holdout set and halts once (or flags that/when) it begins to increase. Such practice often helps in outputting a well-generalizing model, but justification for why it works is primarily heuristic. We discuss the overfitting problem and explain why standard asymptotic and concentration results do not hold for evaluation with training data. We then proceed to introduce and argue for a hypothesis test by means of which both model performance may be evaluated using training data, and overfitting quantitatively defined and detected. We rely on said concentration bounds which guarantee that empirical means should, with high probability, approximate their true mean to conclude that they should approximate each other. We stipulate conditions under which this test is valid, describe how the test may be used for identifying overfitting, articulate a further nuance according to which distributional shift may be flagged, and highlight an alternative notion of learning which usefully captures generalization in the absence of uniform PAC guarantees.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2305.05792","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/33c430aecceb1b253c1df49a266e01a906cee9b6","result_position":25,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":232270056,"title":"On the Impact of Applying Machine Learning in the Decision-Making of Self-Adaptive Systems","venue":"International Symposium on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems","year":2021,"authors":["Omid Gheibi","Danny Weyns","Federico Quin"],"abstract":"Recently, we have been witnessing an increasing use of machine learning methods in self-adaptive systems. Machine learning methods offer a variety of use cases for supporting self-adaptation, e.g., to keep runtime models up to date, reduce large adaptation spaces, or update adaptation rules. Yet, since machine learning methods apply in essence statistical methods, they may have an impact on the decisions made by a self-adaptive system. Given the wide use of formal approaches to provide guarantees for the decisions made by self-adaptive systems, it is important to investigate the impact of applying machine learning methods when such approaches are used. In this paper, we study one particular instance that combines linear regression to reduce the adaptation space of a self-adaptive system with statistical model checking to analyze the resulting adaptation options. We use computational learning theory to determine a theoretical bound on the impact of the machine learning method on the predictions made by the verifier. We illustrate and evaluate the theoretical result using a scenario of the DeltaIoT artifact. To conclude, we look at opportunities for future research in this area.","doi":"10.1109/SEAMS51251.2021.00023","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ba99b84577a60917de719149becd5a2a960392e4","result_position":26,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":250340789,"title":"Bayesian Learning with Information Gain Provably Bounds Risk for a Robust Adversarial Defense","venue":"International Conference on Machine Learning","year":2022,"authors":["Bao Gia Doan","Ehsan Abbasnejad","Javen Qinfeng Shi","Damith Ranashinghe"],"abstract":"We present a new algorithm to learn a deep neural network model robust against adversarial attacks. Previous algorithms demonstrate an adversarially trained Bayesian Neural Network (BNN) provides improved robustness. We recognize the adversarial learning approach for approximating the multi-modal posterior distribution of a Bayesian model can lead to mode collapse; consequently, the model's achievements in robustness and performance are sub-optimal. Instead, we first propose preventing mode collapse to better approximate the multi-modal posterior distribution. Second, based on the intuition that a robust model should ignore perturbations and only consider the informative content of the input, we conceptualize and formulate an information gain objective to measure and force the information learned from both benign and adversarial training instances to be similar. Importantly. we prove and demonstrate that minimizing the information gain objective allows the adversarial risk to approach the conventional empirical risk. We believe our efforts provide a step toward a basis for a principled method of adversarially training BNNs. Our model demonstrate significantly improved robustness--up to 20%--compared with adversarial training and Adv-BNN under PGD attacks with 0.035 distortion on both CIFAR-10 and STL-10 datasets.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2212.02003","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9d15bb40d58f09fbfe24850f5927d5d34cabf44e","result_position":27,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":17766182,"title":"Risk bounds for statistical learning","venue":"","year":2007,"authors":["P. Massart","'Elodie N'ed'elec"],"abstract":"We propose a general theorem providing upper bounds for the risk of an empirical risk minimizer (ERM).We essentially focus on the binary classification framework. We extend Tsybakov's analysis of the risk of an ERM under margin type conditions by using concentration inequalities for conveniently weighted empirical processes. This allows us to deal with ways of measuring the ``size'' of a class of classifiers other than entropy with bracketing as in Tsybakov's work. In particular, we derive new risk bounds for the ERM when the classification rules belong to some VC-class under margin conditions and discuss the optimality of these bounds in a minimax sense.","doi":"10.1214/009053606000000786","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9cf78d8f2e124a756b7697c534340637c80dfd80","result_position":28,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":250334586,"title":"Model Selection in Reinforcement Learning with General Function Approximations","venue":"ECML/PKDD","year":2022,"authors":["Avishek Ghosh","Sayak Ray Chowdhury"],"abstract":"We consider model selection for classic Reinforcement Learning (RL) environments -- Multi Armed Bandits (MABs) and Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) -- under general function approximations. In the model selection framework, we do not know the function classes, denoted by $\\mathcal{F}$ and $\\mathcal{M}$, where the true models -- reward generating function for MABs and and transition kernel for MDPs -- lie, respectively. Instead, we are given $M$ nested function (hypothesis) classes such that true models are contained in at-least one such class. In this paper, we propose and analyze efficient model selection algorithms for MABs and MDPs, that \\emph{adapt} to the smallest function class (among the nested $M$ classes) containing the true underlying model. Under a separability assumption on the nested hypothesis classes, we show that the cumulative regret of our adaptive algorithms match to that of an oracle which knows the correct function classes (i.e., $\\cF$ and $\\cM$) a priori. Furthermore, for both the settings, we show that the cost of model selection is an additive term in the regret having weak (logarithmic) dependence on the learning horizon $T$.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2207.02992","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/23a7b4e2aee70ad641c4441d1067a158fb6e5d14","result_position":29,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":267411883,"title":"Minimum Description Length and Generalization Guarantees for Representation Learning","venue":"Neural Information Processing Systems","year":2024,"authors":["Milad Sefidgaran","Abdellatif Zaidi","Piotr Krasnowski"],"abstract":"A major challenge in designing efficient statistical supervised learning algorithms is finding representations that perform well not only on available training samples but also on unseen data. While the study of representation learning has spurred much interest, most existing such approaches are heuristic; and very little is known about theoretical generalization guarantees. In this paper, we establish a compressibility framework that allows us to derive upper bounds on the generalization error of a representation learning algorithm in terms of the\"Minimum Description Length\"(MDL) of the labels or the latent variables (representations). Rather than the mutual information between the encoder's input and the representation, which is often believed to reflect the algorithm's generalization capability in the related literature but in fact, falls short of doing so, our new bounds involve the\"multi-letter\"relative entropy between the distribution of the representations (or labels) of the training and test sets and a fixed prior. In particular, these new bounds reflect the structure of the encoder and are not vacuous for deterministic algorithms. Our compressibility approach, which is information-theoretic in nature, builds upon that of Blum-Langford for PAC-MDL bounds and introduces two essential ingredients: block-coding and lossy-compression. The latter allows our approach to subsume the so-called geometrical compressibility as a special case. To the best knowledge of the authors, the established generalization bounds are the first of their kind for Information Bottleneck (IB) type encoders and representation learning. Finally, we partly exploit the theoretical results by introducing a new data-dependent prior. Numerical simulations illustrate the advantages of well-chosen such priors over classical priors used in IB.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2402.03254","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7f6942cd9c0705d0b454d1c1b1058038a9954394","result_position":30,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":270559890,"title":"Revisiting Spurious Correlation in Domain Generalization","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2024,"authors":["Bin Qin","Jiangmeng Li","Yi Li","Xuesong Wu","Yupeng Wang","Wenwen Qiang","Jianwen Cao"],"abstract":"Without loss of generality, existing machine learning techniques may learn spurious correlation dependent on the domain, which exacerbates the generalization of models in out-of-distribution (OOD) scenarios. To address this issue, recent works build a structural causal model (SCM) to describe the causality within data generation process, thereby motivating methods to avoid the learning of spurious correlation by models. However, from the machine learning viewpoint, such a theoretical analysis omits the nuanced difference between the data generation process and representation learning process, resulting in that the causal analysis based on the former cannot well adapt to the latter. To this end, we explore to build a SCM for representation learning process and further conduct a thorough analysis of the mechanisms underlying spurious correlation. We underscore that adjusting erroneous covariates introduces bias, thus necessitating the correct selection of spurious correlation mechanisms based on practical application scenarios. In this regard, we substantiate the correctness of the proposed SCM and further propose to control confounding bias in OOD generalization by introducing a propensity score weighted estimator, which can be integrated into any existing OOD method as a plug-and-play module. The empirical results comprehensively demonstrate the effectiveness of our method on synthetic and large-scale real OOD datasets.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2406.11517","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d235264e65ae1e4f6c50e278c52b1b7603feb7be","result_position":31,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":88523801,"title":"The Holdout Randomization Test: Principled and Easy Black Box Feature Selection","venue":"","year":2018,"authors":["Wesley Tansey","Victor Veitch","H. Zhang","R. Rabadán","D. Blei"],"abstract":"We consider the problem of feature selection using black box predictive models. For example, high-throughput devices in science are routinely used to gather thousands of features for each sample in an experiment. The scientist must then sift through the many candidate features to find explanatory signals in the data, such as which genes are associated with sensitivity to a prospective therapy. Often, predictive models are used for this task: the model is fit, error on held out data is measured, and strong performing models are assumed to have discovered some fundamental properties of the system. A model-specific heuristic is then used to inspect the model parameters and rank important features, with top features reported as \"discoveries.\" However, such heuristics provide no statistical guarantees and can produce unreliable results. We propose the holdout randomization test (HRT) as a principled approach to feature selection using black box predictive models. The HRT is model agnostic and produces a valid p-value for each feature, enabling control over the false discovery rate (or Type I error) for any predictive model. Further, the HRT is computationally efficient and, in simulations, has greater power than a competing knockoffs-based approach. Code is available at this https URL.","doi":"","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/850e3676a1288939ad299d69a5f02ac8d596cb91","result_position":32,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":224703418,"title":"PAC$^m$-Bayes: Narrowing the Empirical Risk Gap in the Misspecified Bayesian Regime","venue":"","year":2020,"authors":["W. Morningstar","Alexander A. Alemi","Joshua V. Dillon"],"abstract":"The Bayesian posterior minimizes the\"inferential risk\"which itself bounds the\"predictive risk\". This bound is tight when the likelihood and prior are well-specified. However since misspecification induces a gap, the Bayesian posterior predictive distribution may have poor generalization performance. This work develops a multi-sample loss (PAC$^m$) which can close the gap by spanning a trade-off between the two risks. The loss is computationally favorable and offers PAC generalization guarantees. Empirical study demonstrates improvement to the predictive distribution.","doi":"","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7700bf96effb66801c1b54f53f938bf52200062e","result_position":33,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":246275774,"title":"Learning Model Checking and the Kernel Trick for Signal Temporal Logic on Stochastic Processes","venue":"International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for Construction and Analysis of Systems","year":2022,"authors":["L. Bortolussi","G. Gallo","Jan Křetínský","L. Nenzi"],"abstract":"We introduce a similarity function on formulae of signal temporal logic (STL). It comes in the form of a kernel function, well known in machine learning as a conceptually and computationally efficient tool. The corresponding kernel trick allows us to circumvent the complicated process of feature extraction, i.e. the (typically manual) effort to identify the decisive properties of formulae so that learning can be applied. We demonstrate this consequence and its advantages on the task of predicting (quantitative) satisfaction of STL formulae on stochastic processes: Using our kernel and the kernel trick, we learn (i) computationally efficiently (ii) a practically precise predictor of satisfaction, (iii) avoiding the difficult task of finding a way to explicitly turn formulae into vectors of numbers in a sensible way. We back the high precision we have achieved in the experiments by a theoretically sound PAC guarantee, ensuring our procedure efficiently delivers a close-to-optimal predictor.","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-99524-9_15","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/189b87ec591b0d5fc37471c7a09a0a9886b7ee85","result_position":34,"is_clicked":false}],"string":"[\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 248887666,\n \"title\": \"Certified Error Control of Candidate Set Pruning for Two-Stage Relevance Ranking\",\n \"venue\": \"Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Minghan Li\",\n \"Xinyu Crystina Zhang\",\n \"Ji Xin\",\n \"Hongyang Zhang\",\n \"Jimmy J. Lin\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In information retrieval (IR), candidate set pruning has been commonly used to speed up two-stage relevance ranking. However, such an approach lacks accurate error control and often trades accuracy against computational efficiency in an empirical fashion, missing theoretical guarantees. In this paper, we propose the concept of certified error control of candidate set pruning for relevance ranking, which means that the test error after pruning is guaranteed to be controlled under a user-specified threshold with high probability. Both in-domain and out-of-domain experiments show that our method successfully prunes the first-stage retrieved candidate sets to improve the second-stage reranking speed while satisfying the pre-specified accuracy constraints in both settings. For example, on MS MARCO Passage v1, our method reduces the average candidate set size from 1000 to 27, increasing reranking speed by about 37 times, while keeping MRR@10 greater than a pre-specified value of 0.38 with about 90% empirical coverage. In contrast, empirical baselines fail to meet such requirements. Code and data are available at: https://github.com/alexlimh/CEC-Ranking.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2205.09638\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0c430ea48e37ff43d3ab373ea1441468aa923653\",\n \"result_position\": 0,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 238634210,\n \"title\": \"Tracking the risk of a deployed model and detecting harmful distribution shifts\",\n \"venue\": \"International Conference on Learning Representations\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Podkopaev\",\n \"Aaditya Ramdas\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"When deployed in the real world, machine learning models inevitably encounter changes in the data distribution, and certain—but not all—distribution shifts could result in significant performance degradation. In practice, it may make sense to ignore benign shifts, under which the performance of a deployed model does not degrade substantially, making interventions by a human expert (or model retraining) unnecessary. While several works have developed tests for distribution shifts, these typically either use non-sequential methods, or detect arbitrary shifts (benign or harmful), or both. We argue that a sensible method for firing off a warning has to both (a) detect harmful shifts while ignoring benign ones, and (b) allow continuous monitoring of model performance without increasing the false alarm rate. In this work, we design simple sequential tools for testing if the difference between source (training) and target (test) distributions leads to a significant increase in a risk function of interest, like accuracy or calibration. Recent advances in constructing time-uniform confidence sequences allow efficient aggregation of statistical evidence accumulated during the tracking process. The designed framework is applicable in settings where (some) true labels are revealed after the prediction is performed, or when batches of labels become available in a delayed fashion. We demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed framework through an extensive empirical study on a collection of simulated and real datasets.\",\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2e51e475ca448e9234c9a4e49c5d9a6605591084\",\n \"result_position\": 1,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 195658059,\n \"title\": \"Principal component analysis for multivariate extremes\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"H. Drees\",\n \"Anne Sabourin\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The first order behavior of multivariate heavy-tailed random vectors above large radial thresholds is ruled by a limit measure in a regular variation framework. For a high dimensional vector, a reasonable assumption is that the support of this measure is concentrated on a lower dimensional subspace, meaning that certain linear combinations of the components are much likelier to be large than others. Identifying this subspace and thus reducing the dimension will facilitate a refined statistical analysis. In this work we apply Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to a re-scaled version of radially thresholded observations. Within the statistical learning framework of empirical risk minimization, our main focus is to analyze the squared reconstruction error for the exceedances over large radial thresholds. We prove that the empirical risk converges to the true risk, uniformly over all projection subspaces. As a consequence, the best projection subspace is shown to converge in probability to the optimal one, in terms of the Hausdorff distance between their intersections with the unit sphere. In addition, if the exceedances are re-scaled to the unit ball, we obtain finite sample uniform guarantees to the reconstruction error pertaining to the estimated projection sub-space. Numerical experiments illustrate the relevance of the proposed framework for practical purposes.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1214/21-EJS1803\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d23601c9c4eb04ed80aefdec6421d6aee5966389\",\n \"result_position\": 2,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 26821646,\n \"title\": \"Regularization via Mass Transportation\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of machine learning research\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Soroosh Shafieezadeh-Abadeh\",\n \"D. Kuhn\",\n \"Peyman Mohajerin Esfahani\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The goal of regression and classification methods in supervised learning is to minimize the empirical risk, that is, the expectation of some loss function quantifying the prediction error under the empirical distribution. When facing scarce training data, overfitting is typically mitigated by adding regularization terms to the objective that penalize hypothesis complexity. In this paper we introduce new regularization techniques using ideas from distributionally robust optimization, and we give new probabilistic interpretations to existing techniques. Specifically, we propose to minimize the worst-case expected loss, where the worst case is taken over the ball of all (continuous or discrete) distributions that have a bounded transportation distance from the (discrete) empirical distribution. By choosing the radius of this ball judiciously, we can guarantee that the worst-case expected loss provides an upper confidence bound on the loss on test data, thus offering new generalization bounds. We prove that the resulting regularized learning problems are tractable and can be tractably kernelized for many popular loss functions. We validate our theoretical out-of-sample guarantees through simulated and empirical experiments.\",\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7bdf0bb4adb6a884303597600398c6ef583f78c4\",\n \"result_position\": 3,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 15024318,\n \"title\": \"Distributionally Robust Logistic Regression\",\n \"venue\": \"Neural Information Processing Systems\",\n \"year\": 2015,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Soroosh Shafieezadeh-Abadeh\",\n \"Peyman Mohajerin Esfahani\",\n \"D. Kuhn\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This paper proposes a distributionally robust approach to logistic regression. We use the Wasserstein distance to construct a ball in the space of probability distributions centered at the uniform distribution on the training samples. If the radius of this ball is chosen judiciously, we can guarantee that it contains the unknown data-generating distribution with high confidence. We then formulate a distribution-ally robust logistic regression model that minimizes a worst-case expected logloss function, where the worst case is taken over all distributions in the Wasserstein ball. We prove that this optimization problem admits a tractable reformulation and encapsulates the classical as well as the popular regularized logistic regression problems as special cases. We further propose a distributionally robust approach based on Wasserstein balls to compute upper and lower confidence bounds on the misclassification probability of the resulting classifier. These bounds are given by the optimal values of two highly tractable linear programs. We validate our theoretical out-of-sample guarantees through simulated and empirical experiments.\",\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/51dcc0c6c8ea27f0a5a3071fb8c4b32004cd55d8\",\n \"result_position\": 4,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 53316620,\n \"title\": \"VALUATION : A N ADVERSARIAL APPROACH TO UNCOVER CATASTROPHIC FAILURES\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jonathan Uesato\",\n \"Ananya Kumar\",\n \"Csaba Szepesvari\",\n \"Tom Erez\",\n \"Avraham Ruderman\",\n \"Keith Anderson\",\n \"K. Dvijotham\",\n \"N. Heess\",\n \"Pushmeet Kohli\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5ad2c21ad1c3267e4ce484543bb699d558066d9a\",\n \"result_position\": 5,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 270199935,\n \"title\": \"Fast yet Safe: Early-Exiting with Risk Control\",\n \"venue\": \"Neural Information Processing Systems\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Metod Jazbec\",\n \"Alexander Timans\",\n \"Tin Hadvzi Veljkovi'c\",\n \"K. Sakmann\",\n \"Dan Zhang\",\n \"C. A. Naesseth\",\n \"Eric Nalisnick\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Scaling machine learning models significantly improves their performance. However, such gains come at the cost of inference being slow and resource-intensive. Early-exit neural networks (EENNs) offer a promising solution: they accelerate inference by allowing intermediate layers to exit and produce a prediction early. Yet a fundamental issue with EENNs is how to determine when to exit without severely degrading performance. In other words, when is it 'safe' for an EENN to go 'fast'? To address this issue, we investigate how to adapt frameworks of risk control to EENNs. Risk control offers a distribution-free, post-hoc solution that tunes the EENN's exiting mechanism so that exits only occur when the output is of sufficient quality. We empirically validate our insights on a range of vision and language tasks, demonstrating that risk control can produce substantial computational savings, all the while preserving user-specified performance goals.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2405.20915\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/91fa255d432a30661d6fc07cdd54e359a1a3933e\",\n \"result_position\": 6,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 351824,\n \"title\": \"Multiclass Classification Calibration Functions\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"B. '. Pires\",\n \"Csaba Szepesvari\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In this paper we refine the process of computing calibration functions for a number of multiclass classification surrogate losses. Calibration functions are a powerful tool for easily converting bounds for the surrogate risk (which can be computed through well-known methods) into bounds for the true risk, the probability of making a mistake. They are particularly suitable in non-parametric settings, where the approximation error can be controlled, and provide tighter bounds than the common technique of upper-bounding the 0-1 loss by the surrogate loss. \\nThe abstract nature of the more sophisticated existing calibration function results requires calibration functions to be explicitly derived on a case-by-case basis, requiring repeated efforts whenever bounds for a new surrogate loss are required. We devise a streamlined analysis that simplifies the process of deriving calibration functions for a large number of surrogate losses that have been proposed in the literature. The effort of deriving calibration functions is then surmised in verifying, for a chosen surrogate loss, a small number of conditions that we introduce. \\nAs case studies, we recover existing calibration functions for the well-known loss of Lee et al. (2004), and also provide novel calibration functions for well-known losses, including the one-versus-all loss and the logistic regression loss, plus a number of other losses that have been shown to be classification-calibrated in the past, but for which no calibration function had been derived.\",\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/154495206e401a892b94150f7e7dc855c5940dd2\",\n \"result_position\": 7,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 53688449,\n \"title\": \"Optimal upper and lower bounds for the true and empirical excess risks in heteroscedastic least-squares regression\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2013,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Adrien Saumard\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"We consider the estimation of a bounded regression function with nonparametric heteroscedastic noise and random design. We study the true and empirical excess risks of the least-squares estimator on finite-dimensional vector spaces. We give upper and lower bounds on these quantities that are nonasymptotic and optimal to first order, allowing the dimension to depend on sample size. These bounds show the equivalence between the true and empirical excess risks when, among other things, the least-squares estimator is consistent in sup-norm with the projection of the regression function onto the considered model. Consistency in the sup-norm is then proved for suitable histogram models and more general models of piecewise polynomials that are endowed with a localized basis structure.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1214/12-EJS679\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f9b72455a8047dde3d6f5d6c51b2c455d5edb00b\",\n \"result_position\": 8,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 9071349,\n \"title\": \"Minimax Multi-Task Learning and a Generalized Loss-Compositional Paradigm for MTL\",\n \"venue\": \"Neural Information Processing Systems\",\n \"year\": 2012,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Nishant A. Mehta\",\n \"Dongryeol Lee\",\n \"Alexander G. Gray\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Since its inception, the modus operandi of multi-task learning (MTL) has been to minimize the task-wise mean of the empirical risks. We introduce a generalized loss-compositional paradigm for MTL that includes a spectrum of formulations as a subfamily. One endpoint of this spectrum is minimax MTL: a new MTL formulation that minimizes the maximum of the tasks' empirical risks. Via a certain relaxation of minimax MTL, we obtain a continuum of MTL formulations spanning minimax MTL and classical MTL. The full paradigm itself is loss-compositional, operating on the vector of empirical risks. It incorporates minimax MTL, its relaxations, and many new MTL formulations as special cases. We show theoretically that minimax MTL tends to avoid worst case outcomes on newly drawn test tasks in the learning to learn (LTL) test setting. The results of several MTL formulations on synthetic and real problems in the MTL and LTL test settings are encouraging.\",\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a73a02c772890a15cc1f68ac5d93d10060910a56\",\n \"result_position\": 9,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 235367836,\n \"title\": \"Encoding-dependent generalization bounds for parametrized quantum circuits\",\n \"venue\": \"Quantum\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Matthias C. Caro\",\n \"Elies Gil-Fuster\",\n \"Johannes Jakob Meyer\",\n \"J. Eisert\",\n \"R. Sweke\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"A large body of recent work has begun to explore the potential of parametrized quantum circuits (PQCs) as machine learning models, within the framework of hybrid quantum-classical optimization. In particular, theoretical guarantees on the out-of-sample performance of such models, in terms of generalization bounds, have emerged. However, none of these generalization bounds depend explicitly on how the classical input data is encoded into the PQC. We derive generalization bounds for PQC-based models that depend explicitly on the strategy used for data-encoding. These imply bounds on the performance of trained PQC-based models on unseen data. Moreover, our results facilitate the selection of optimal data-encoding strategies via structural risk minimization, a mathematically rigorous framework for model selection. We obtain our generalization bounds by bounding the complexity of PQC-based models as measured by the Rademacher complexity and the metric entropy, two complexity measures from statistical learning theory. To achieve this, we rely on a representation of PQC-based models via trigonometric functions. Our generalization bounds emphasize the importance of well-considered data-encoding strategies for PQC-based models.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.22331/q-2021-11-17-582\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4cf9df3c15d728acdbe1df88f4d09fad84d7cc9b\",\n \"result_position\": 10,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 267770214,\n \"title\": \"Leveraging PAC-Bayes Theory and Gibbs Distributions for Generalization Bounds with Complexity Measures\",\n \"venue\": \"International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Paul Viallard\",\n \"Rémi Emonet\",\n \"Amaury Habrard\",\n \"Emilie Morvant\",\n \"V. Zantedeschi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In statistical learning theory, a generalization bound usually involves a complexity measure imposed by the considered theoretical framework. This limits the scope of such bounds, as other forms of capacity measures or regularizations are used in algorithms. In this paper, we leverage the framework of disintegrated PAC-Bayes bounds to derive a general generalization bound instantiable with arbitrary complexity measures. One trick to prove such a result involves considering a commonly used family of distributions: the Gibbs distributions. Our bound stands in probability jointly over the hypothesis and the learning sample, which allows the complexity to be adapted to the generalization gap as it can be customized to fit both the hypothesis class and the task.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2402.13285\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/96cbf6e1e15a4eec937e25e80b68e3985406ba42\",\n \"result_position\": 11,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 245117610,\n \"title\": \"PACMAN: PAC-style bounds accounting for the Mismatch between Accuracy and Negative log-loss\",\n \"venue\": \"Information and Inference A Journal of the IMA\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Matías Vera\",\n \"L. Vega\",\n \"P. Piantanida\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"\\n The ultimate performance of machine learning algorithms for classification tasks is usually measured in terms of the empirical error probability (or accuracy) using a testing dataset, although these algorithms are optimized through the minimization of a typically different—more convenient—loss function using a training set. For classification tasks, this loss function is often the negative log-loss that yields the well-known cross-entropy risk that is typically better behaved (in terms of numerical behavior) than the 0-1 loss. Conventional studies on the generalization error do not usually take into account the underlying mismatch between losses at training and testing phases. In this work, we introduce a theoretical analysis based on a pointwise probably approximately correct (PAC) approach over the generalization gap considering the mismatch of testing on the accuracy metric and training on the negative log-loss, referred to as PACMAN. Building on the fact that the resulting mismatch can be written as a likelihood ratio, concentration inequalities can be used to obtain insights into the generalization gap in terms of PAC bounds, which depend on some meaningful information-theoretic quantities. An analysis of the obtained bounds and a comparison with available results in the literature is also provided.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1093/imaiai/iaae002\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7ad7051dfe444e6987ae0fdc5b773c8155d395b4\",\n \"result_position\": 12,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 240354091,\n \"title\": \"Improving Generalization Bounds for VC Classes Using the Hypergeometric Tail Inversion\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jean-Samuel Leboeuf\",\n \"F. Leblanc\",\n \"M. Marchand\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"We significantly improve the generalization bounds for VC classes by using two main ideas. First, we consider the hypergeometric tail inversion to obtain a very tight non-uniform distribution-independent risk upper bound for VC classes. Second, we optimize the ghost sample trick to obtain a further non-negligible gain. These improvements are then used to derive a relative deviation bound, a multiclass margin bound, as well as a lower bound. Numerical comparisons show that the new bound is nearly never vacuous, and is tighter than other VC bounds for all reasonable data set sizes.\",\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/be65b9111de35a51648dd95c9f7db869965beb85\",\n \"result_position\": 13,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 11834225,\n \"title\": \"Statistical Learning Theory: Models, Concepts, and Results\",\n \"venue\": \"Inductive Logic\",\n \"year\": 2008,\n \"authors\": [\n \"U. V. Luxburg\",\n \"B. Scholkopf\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Publisher Summary Statistical learning theory is regarded as one of the most beautifully developed branches of artificial intelligence. It provides the theoretical basis for many of today's machine learning algorithms. The theory helps to explore what permits to draw valid conclusions from empirical data. This chapter provides an overview of the key ideas and insights of statistical learning theory. The statistical learning theory begins with a class of hypotheses and uses empirical data to select one hypothesis from the class. If the data generating mechanism is benign, then it is observed that the difference between the training error and test error of a hypothesis from the class is small. The statistical learning theory generally avoids metaphysical statements about aspects of the true underlying dependency, and thus is precise by referring to the difference between training and test error. The chapter also describes some other variants of machine learning.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/B978-0-444-52936-7.50016-1\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b7fa6ab03090501f1ff24ec4603ac8368ed3e83a\",\n \"result_position\": 14,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 258947537,\n \"title\": \"Exact Generalization Guarantees for (Regularized) Wasserstein Distributionally Robust Models\",\n \"venue\": \"Neural Information Processing Systems\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Waïss Azizian\",\n \"F. Iutzeler\",\n \"J. Malick\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Wasserstein distributionally robust estimators have emerged as powerful models for prediction and decision-making under uncertainty. These estimators provide attractive generalization guarantees: the robust objective obtained from the training distribution is an exact upper bound on the true risk with high probability. However, existing guarantees either suffer from the curse of dimensionality, are restricted to specific settings, or lead to spurious error terms. In this paper, we show that these generalization guarantees actually hold on general classes of models, do not suffer from the curse of dimensionality, and can even cover distribution shifts at testing. We also prove that these results carry over to the newly-introduced regularized versions of Wasserstein distributionally robust problems.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2305.17076\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0affd22f71bc0a845a9a26f26fe79cbfc5a69fc9\",\n \"result_position\": 15,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 271961755,\n \"title\": \"Extreme Meta-Classification for Large-Scale Zero-Shot Retrieval\",\n \"venue\": \"Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Sachin Yadav\",\n \"D. Saini\",\n \"A. Buvanesh\",\n \"Bhawna Paliwal\",\n \"Kunal Dahiya\",\n \"Siddarth Asokan\",\n \"Yashoteja Prabhu\",\n \"Jian Jiao\",\n \"Manik Varma\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"We develop accurate and efficient solutions for large-scale retrieval tasks where novel (zero-shot) items can arrive continuously at a rapid pace. Conventional Siamese-style approaches embed both queries and items through a small encoder and retrieve the items lying closest to the query. While this approach allows efficient addition and retrieval of novel items, the small encoder lacks sufficient capacity for the necessary world knowledge in complex retrieval tasks. The extreme classification approaches have addressed this by learning a separate classifier for each item observed in the training set which significantly increases the representation capacity of the model. Such classifiers outperform Siamese approaches on observed items, but cannot be trained for novel items due to data and latency constraints. To bridge these gaps, this paper develops: (1) A new algorithmic framework, EMMETT, which efficiently synthesizes classifiers on-the-fly for novel items, by relying on the readily available classifiers for observed items; (2) A new algorithm, IRENE, which is a simple and effective instance of EMMETT that is specifically suited for large-scale deployments, and (3) A new theoretical framework for analyzing the generalization performance in large-scale zero-shot retrieval which guides our algorithm and training related design decisions. Comprehensive experiments are conducted on a wide range of retrieval tasks which demonstrate that IRENE improves the zero-shot retrieval accuracy by up to 15% points in Recall@10 when added on top of leading encoders. Additionally, on an online A/B test in a large-scale ad retrieval task in a major search engine, IRENE improved the ad click-through rate by 4.2%. Lastly, we validate our design choices through extensive ablative experiments. The source code for IRENE is available at https://aka.ms/irene.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1145/3637528.3672046\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/77cd18e25ce492ed79fc756d9e7ff2ef398e7dea\",\n \"result_position\": 16,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 254739858,\n \"title\": \"Robustness and generalization\",\n \"venue\": \"Machine-mediated learning\",\n \"year\": 2010,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Huan Xu\",\n \"Shie Mannor\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"We derive generalization bounds for learning algorithms based on their robustness: the property that if a testing sample is “similar” to a training sample, then the testing error is close to the training error. This provides a novel approach, different from complexity or stability arguments, to study generalization of learning algorithms. One advantage of the robustness approach, compared to previous methods, is the geometric intuition it conveys. Consequently, robustness-based analysis is easy to extend to learning in non-standard setups such as Markovian samples or quantile loss. We further show that a weak notion of robustness is both sufficient and necessary for generalizability, which implies that robustness is a fundamental property that is required for learning algorithms to work.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s10994-011-5268-1\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6569bd65c835c10c57af312dd7a1215f6485e4f5\",\n \"result_position\": 17,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 211126671,\n \"title\": \"Quantum algorithms for hedging and the Sparsitron\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yassine Hamoudi\",\n \"Maharshi Ray\",\n \"P. Rebentrost\",\n \"M. Santha\",\n \"Xin Wang\",\n \"Siyi Yang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"A paradigmatic algorithm for online learning is the Freund/Schapire Hedge algorithm with multiplicative weight updates. For multiple time steps, the algorithm constructs an allocation into different strategies or experts for which it is guaranteed that a certain regret is never much greater than the minimally achievable, even in an adversarial situation. This work presents quantum algorithms for such online learning in an oracular setting. For $T$ time steps and $N$ strategies, we exhibit run times of about $O \\\\left ({\\\\rm poly} (T) \\\\sqrt{N} \\\\right)$ for passively estimating the hedging losses and for actively betting according to quantum sampling. In addition, we discuss a quantum analogue of a machine learning algorithm, the Sparsitron, which is based on the Hedge algorithm. The quantum algorithm inherits the provable learning guarantees from the classical algorithm and exhibits polynomial speedups. The speedups shown here may find relevance in both finance, for example for estimating hedging losses, and machine learning, for example for learning a generalized linear model or an Ising model.\",\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f229994f7bdf3acd3afe11fd2509f9e20631dff8\",\n \"result_position\": 18,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 275921304,\n \"title\": \"DAGPrompT: Pushing the Limits of Graph Prompting with a Distribution-aware Graph Prompt Tuning Approach\",\n \"venue\": \"The Web Conference\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Qin Chen\",\n \"Liangji Wang\",\n \"Bo Zheng\",\n \"Guojie Song\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The ''pre-train then fine-tune'' approach has advanced GNNs by enabling general knowledge capture without task-specific labels. However, an objective gap between pre-training and downstream tasks limits its effectiveness. Recent graph prompting methods aim to close this gap through task reformulations and learnable prompts. Despite this, they struggle with complex graphs like heterophily graphs. Freezing the GNN encoder can reduce the impact of prompting, while simple prompts fail to handle diverse hop-level distributions. This paper identifies two key challenges in adapting graph prompting methods for complex graphs: (i) adapting the model to new distributions in downstream tasks to mitigate pre-training and fine-tuning discrepancies from heterophily and (ii) customizing prompts for hop-specific node requirements. To overcome these challenges, we propose Distribution-aware Graph Prompt Tuning (DAGPrompT), which integrates a GLoRA module for optimizing the GNN encoder's projection matrix and message-passing schema through low-rank adaptation. DAGPrompT also incorporates hop-specific prompts accounting for varying graph structures and distributions among hops. Evaluations on 10 datasets and 14 baselines demonstrate that DAGPrompT improves accuracy by up to 4.79% in node and graph classification tasks, setting a new state-of-the-art while preserving efficiency. Codes are available at https://github.com/Cqkkkkkk/DAGPrompT GitHub.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1145/3696410.3714917\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/80ce2d89edd040ae0b9704786dc8801d4c07478a\",\n \"result_position\": 19,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 258841525,\n \"title\": \"Weakly Supervised AUC Optimization: A Unified Partial AUC Approach\",\n \"venue\": \"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Zheng Xie\",\n \"Yu Liu\",\n \"Hao He\",\n \"Ming Li\",\n \"Zhi-Hua Zhou\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Since acquiring perfect supervision is usually difficult, real-world machine learning tasks often confront inaccurate, incomplete, or inexact supervision, collectively referred to as weak supervision. In this work, we present WSAUC, a unified framework for weakly supervised AUC optimization problems, which covers noisy label learning, positive-unlabeled learning, multi-instance learning, and semi-supervised learning scenarios. Within the WSAUC framework, we first frame the AUC optimization problems in various weakly supervised scenarios as a common formulation of minimizing the AUC risk on contaminated sets, and demonstrate that the empirical risk minimization problems are consistent with the true AUC. Then, we introduce a new type of partial AUC, specifically, the reversed partial AUC (rpAUC), which serves as a robust training objective for AUC maximization in the presence of contaminated labels. WSAUC offers a universal solution for AUC optimization in various weakly supervised scenarios by maximizing the empirical rpAUC. Theoretical and experimental results under multiple settings support the effectiveness of WSAUC on a range of weakly supervised AUC optimization tasks.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/TPAMI.2024.3357814\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a3f75d5193f51c7a12f9afc1257797bdf4c5d332\",\n \"result_position\": 20,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 173990819,\n \"title\": \"Bayesian Prior Networks with PAC Training\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Manuel Haussmann\",\n \"S. Gerwinn\",\n \"M. Kandemir\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"We propose to train Bayesian Neural Networks (BNNs) by empirical Bayes as an alternative to posterior weight inference. By approximately marginalizing out an i.i.d.\\\\ realization of a finite number of sibling weights per data-point using the Central Limit Theorem (CLT), we attain a scalable and effective Bayesian deep predictor. This approach directly models the posterior predictive distribution, by-passing the intractable posterior weight inference step. However, it introduces a prohibitively large number of hyperparameters for stable training. As the prior weights are marginalized and hyperparameters are optimized, the model also no longer provides a means to incorporate prior knowledge. We overcome both of these drawbacks by deriving a trivial PAC bound that comprises the marginal likelihood of the predictor and a complexity penalty. The outcome integrates organically into the prior networks framework, bringing about an effective and holistic Bayesian treatment of prediction uncertainty. We observe on various regression, classification, and out-of-domain detection benchmarks that our scalable method provides an improved model fit accompanied with significantly better uncertainty estimates than the state-of-the-art.\",\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1d6206315af388a309d8c9bbd31795f7f6e90768\",\n \"result_position\": 21,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 14174149,\n \"title\": \"A Mathematical Theory of Learning\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2014,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ibrahim M. Alabdulmohsin\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In this paper, a mathematical theory of learning is proposed that has many parallels with information theory. We consider Vapnik's General Setting of Learning in which the learning process is defined to be the act of selecting a hypothesis in response to a given training set. Such hypothesis can, for example, be a decision boundary in classification, a set of centroids in clustering, or a set of frequent item-sets in association rule mining. Depending on the hypothesis space and how the final hypothesis is selected, we show that a learning process can be assigned a numeric score, called learning capacity, which is analogous to Shannon's channel capacity and satisfies similar interesting properties as well such as the data-processing inequality and the information-cannot-hurt inequality. In addition, learning capacity provides the tightest possible bound on the difference between true risk and empirical risk of the learning process for all loss functions that are parametrized by the chosen hypothesis. It is also shown that the notion of learning capacity equivalently quantifies how sensitive the choice of the final hypothesis is to a small perturbation in the training set. Consequently, algorithmic stability is both necessary and sufficient for generalization. While the theory does not rely on concentration inequalities, we finally show that analogs to classical results in learning theory using the Probably Approximately Correct (PAC) model can be immediately deduced using this theory, and conclude with information-theoretic bounds to learning capacity.\",\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/79623fb0bb54d9c0ed1f3419b66c514868435464\",\n \"result_position\": 22,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 1342988,\n \"title\": \"Large Margin Multiclass Gaussian Classification with Differential Privacy\",\n \"venue\": \"Privacy and Security Issues in Data Mining and Machine Learning\",\n \"year\": 2010,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Manas A. Pathak\",\n \"B. Raj\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"As increasing amounts of sensitive personal information is aggregated into data repositories, it has become important to develop mechanisms for processing the data without revealing information about individual data instances. The differential privacy model provides a framework for the development and theoretical analysis of such mechanisms. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for learning a discriminatively trained multiclass Gaussian classifier that satisfies differential privacy using a large margin loss function with a perturbed regularization term. We present a theoretical upper bound on the excess risk of the classifier introduced by the perturbation.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/978-3-642-19896-0_9\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/82222abf3ee60bdf4f758f93b7ca426fc86f909b\",\n \"result_position\": 23,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 10183172,\n \"title\": \"Nonparametric decentralized detection based on weighted count kernel\",\n \"venue\": \"IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory. Proceedings\",\n \"year\": 2012,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jiayao Hu\",\n \"Yingbin Liang\",\n \"E. Xing\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The nonparametric decentralized detection problem is investigated, in which the joint distribution of the environmental event and the sensors' observations are not known and only a set of training samples are available. The system features rate constraints, i.e., integer bit constraints on sensors' transmissions, different qualities of observations, additional observations to the fusion center, and multi-level tree-structured network. Our study adopts the kernel-based nonparametric approach proposed by Nguyen, Wainwright, and Jordan with the following generalization. A weighted count kernel is introduced so that the corresponding reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) (over which the fusion center's decision rule is optimized) allows the fusion center's decision rule to count information from sensors and its own observations differently. In order to find the optimal decision rules, our optimization is solved by alternatively and recursively conducting three optimization steps: finding the optimal weight parameters in the weighted count kernel for selecting the best associated RKHS, finding the best optimal decision rule for the fusion center over the identified RKHS, and finding the local decision rules for sensors. Generalization to multilevel tree-structured networks is also discussed. Finally numerical results are provided to demonstrate the performance based on the proposed weighted count kernel.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/ISIT.2012.6284201\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/23c30bcf1b46a715e4b5f3e78e3d61c70951a04d\",\n \"result_position\": 24,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 258588408,\n \"title\": \"Testing for Overfitting\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Schmidt\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"High complexity models are notorious in machine learning for overfitting, a phenomenon in which models well represent data but fail to generalize an underlying data generating process. A typical procedure for circumventing overfitting computes empirical risk on a holdout set and halts once (or flags that/when) it begins to increase. Such practice often helps in outputting a well-generalizing model, but justification for why it works is primarily heuristic. We discuss the overfitting problem and explain why standard asymptotic and concentration results do not hold for evaluation with training data. We then proceed to introduce and argue for a hypothesis test by means of which both model performance may be evaluated using training data, and overfitting quantitatively defined and detected. We rely on said concentration bounds which guarantee that empirical means should, with high probability, approximate their true mean to conclude that they should approximate each other. We stipulate conditions under which this test is valid, describe how the test may be used for identifying overfitting, articulate a further nuance according to which distributional shift may be flagged, and highlight an alternative notion of learning which usefully captures generalization in the absence of uniform PAC guarantees.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2305.05792\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/33c430aecceb1b253c1df49a266e01a906cee9b6\",\n \"result_position\": 25,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 232270056,\n \"title\": \"On the Impact of Applying Machine Learning in the Decision-Making of Self-Adaptive Systems\",\n \"venue\": \"International Symposium on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Omid Gheibi\",\n \"Danny Weyns\",\n \"Federico Quin\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Recently, we have been witnessing an increasing use of machine learning methods in self-adaptive systems. Machine learning methods offer a variety of use cases for supporting self-adaptation, e.g., to keep runtime models up to date, reduce large adaptation spaces, or update adaptation rules. Yet, since machine learning methods apply in essence statistical methods, they may have an impact on the decisions made by a self-adaptive system. Given the wide use of formal approaches to provide guarantees for the decisions made by self-adaptive systems, it is important to investigate the impact of applying machine learning methods when such approaches are used. In this paper, we study one particular instance that combines linear regression to reduce the adaptation space of a self-adaptive system with statistical model checking to analyze the resulting adaptation options. We use computational learning theory to determine a theoretical bound on the impact of the machine learning method on the predictions made by the verifier. We illustrate and evaluate the theoretical result using a scenario of the DeltaIoT artifact. To conclude, we look at opportunities for future research in this area.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/SEAMS51251.2021.00023\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ba99b84577a60917de719149becd5a2a960392e4\",\n \"result_position\": 26,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 250340789,\n \"title\": \"Bayesian Learning with Information Gain Provably Bounds Risk for a Robust Adversarial Defense\",\n \"venue\": \"International Conference on Machine Learning\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Bao Gia Doan\",\n \"Ehsan Abbasnejad\",\n \"Javen Qinfeng Shi\",\n \"Damith Ranashinghe\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"We present a new algorithm to learn a deep neural network model robust against adversarial attacks. Previous algorithms demonstrate an adversarially trained Bayesian Neural Network (BNN) provides improved robustness. We recognize the adversarial learning approach for approximating the multi-modal posterior distribution of a Bayesian model can lead to mode collapse; consequently, the model's achievements in robustness and performance are sub-optimal. Instead, we first propose preventing mode collapse to better approximate the multi-modal posterior distribution. Second, based on the intuition that a robust model should ignore perturbations and only consider the informative content of the input, we conceptualize and formulate an information gain objective to measure and force the information learned from both benign and adversarial training instances to be similar. Importantly. we prove and demonstrate that minimizing the information gain objective allows the adversarial risk to approach the conventional empirical risk. We believe our efforts provide a step toward a basis for a principled method of adversarially training BNNs. Our model demonstrate significantly improved robustness--up to 20%--compared with adversarial training and Adv-BNN under PGD attacks with 0.035 distortion on both CIFAR-10 and STL-10 datasets.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2212.02003\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9d15bb40d58f09fbfe24850f5927d5d34cabf44e\",\n \"result_position\": 27,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 17766182,\n \"title\": \"Risk bounds for statistical learning\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2007,\n \"authors\": [\n \"P. Massart\",\n \"'Elodie N'ed'elec\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"We propose a general theorem providing upper bounds for the risk of an empirical risk minimizer (ERM).We essentially focus on the binary classification framework. We extend Tsybakov's analysis of the risk of an ERM under margin type conditions by using concentration inequalities for conveniently weighted empirical processes. This allows us to deal with ways of measuring the ``size'' of a class of classifiers other than entropy with bracketing as in Tsybakov's work. In particular, we derive new risk bounds for the ERM when the classification rules belong to some VC-class under margin conditions and discuss the optimality of these bounds in a minimax sense.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1214/009053606000000786\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9cf78d8f2e124a756b7697c534340637c80dfd80\",\n \"result_position\": 28,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 250334586,\n \"title\": \"Model Selection in Reinforcement Learning with General Function Approximations\",\n \"venue\": \"ECML/PKDD\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Avishek Ghosh\",\n \"Sayak Ray Chowdhury\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"We consider model selection for classic Reinforcement Learning (RL) environments -- Multi Armed Bandits (MABs) and Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) -- under general function approximations. In the model selection framework, we do not know the function classes, denoted by $\\\\mathcal{F}$ and $\\\\mathcal{M}$, where the true models -- reward generating function for MABs and and transition kernel for MDPs -- lie, respectively. Instead, we are given $M$ nested function (hypothesis) classes such that true models are contained in at-least one such class. In this paper, we propose and analyze efficient model selection algorithms for MABs and MDPs, that \\\\emph{adapt} to the smallest function class (among the nested $M$ classes) containing the true underlying model. Under a separability assumption on the nested hypothesis classes, we show that the cumulative regret of our adaptive algorithms match to that of an oracle which knows the correct function classes (i.e., $\\\\cF$ and $\\\\cM$) a priori. Furthermore, for both the settings, we show that the cost of model selection is an additive term in the regret having weak (logarithmic) dependence on the learning horizon $T$.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2207.02992\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/23a7b4e2aee70ad641c4441d1067a158fb6e5d14\",\n \"result_position\": 29,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 267411883,\n \"title\": \"Minimum Description Length and Generalization Guarantees for Representation Learning\",\n \"venue\": \"Neural Information Processing Systems\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Milad Sefidgaran\",\n \"Abdellatif Zaidi\",\n \"Piotr Krasnowski\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"A major challenge in designing efficient statistical supervised learning algorithms is finding representations that perform well not only on available training samples but also on unseen data. While the study of representation learning has spurred much interest, most existing such approaches are heuristic; and very little is known about theoretical generalization guarantees. In this paper, we establish a compressibility framework that allows us to derive upper bounds on the generalization error of a representation learning algorithm in terms of the\\\"Minimum Description Length\\\"(MDL) of the labels or the latent variables (representations). Rather than the mutual information between the encoder's input and the representation, which is often believed to reflect the algorithm's generalization capability in the related literature but in fact, falls short of doing so, our new bounds involve the\\\"multi-letter\\\"relative entropy between the distribution of the representations (or labels) of the training and test sets and a fixed prior. In particular, these new bounds reflect the structure of the encoder and are not vacuous for deterministic algorithms. Our compressibility approach, which is information-theoretic in nature, builds upon that of Blum-Langford for PAC-MDL bounds and introduces two essential ingredients: block-coding and lossy-compression. The latter allows our approach to subsume the so-called geometrical compressibility as a special case. To the best knowledge of the authors, the established generalization bounds are the first of their kind for Information Bottleneck (IB) type encoders and representation learning. Finally, we partly exploit the theoretical results by introducing a new data-dependent prior. Numerical simulations illustrate the advantages of well-chosen such priors over classical priors used in IB.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2402.03254\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7f6942cd9c0705d0b454d1c1b1058038a9954394\",\n \"result_position\": 30,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 270559890,\n \"title\": \"Revisiting Spurious Correlation in Domain Generalization\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Bin Qin\",\n \"Jiangmeng Li\",\n \"Yi Li\",\n \"Xuesong Wu\",\n \"Yupeng Wang\",\n \"Wenwen Qiang\",\n \"Jianwen Cao\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Without loss of generality, existing machine learning techniques may learn spurious correlation dependent on the domain, which exacerbates the generalization of models in out-of-distribution (OOD) scenarios. To address this issue, recent works build a structural causal model (SCM) to describe the causality within data generation process, thereby motivating methods to avoid the learning of spurious correlation by models. However, from the machine learning viewpoint, such a theoretical analysis omits the nuanced difference between the data generation process and representation learning process, resulting in that the causal analysis based on the former cannot well adapt to the latter. To this end, we explore to build a SCM for representation learning process and further conduct a thorough analysis of the mechanisms underlying spurious correlation. We underscore that adjusting erroneous covariates introduces bias, thus necessitating the correct selection of spurious correlation mechanisms based on practical application scenarios. In this regard, we substantiate the correctness of the proposed SCM and further propose to control confounding bias in OOD generalization by introducing a propensity score weighted estimator, which can be integrated into any existing OOD method as a plug-and-play module. The empirical results comprehensively demonstrate the effectiveness of our method on synthetic and large-scale real OOD datasets.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2406.11517\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d235264e65ae1e4f6c50e278c52b1b7603feb7be\",\n \"result_position\": 31,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 88523801,\n \"title\": \"The Holdout Randomization Test: Principled and Easy Black Box Feature Selection\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Wesley Tansey\",\n \"Victor Veitch\",\n \"H. Zhang\",\n \"R. Rabadán\",\n \"D. Blei\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"We consider the problem of feature selection using black box predictive models. For example, high-throughput devices in science are routinely used to gather thousands of features for each sample in an experiment. The scientist must then sift through the many candidate features to find explanatory signals in the data, such as which genes are associated with sensitivity to a prospective therapy. Often, predictive models are used for this task: the model is fit, error on held out data is measured, and strong performing models are assumed to have discovered some fundamental properties of the system. A model-specific heuristic is then used to inspect the model parameters and rank important features, with top features reported as \\\"discoveries.\\\" However, such heuristics provide no statistical guarantees and can produce unreliable results. We propose the holdout randomization test (HRT) as a principled approach to feature selection using black box predictive models. The HRT is model agnostic and produces a valid p-value for each feature, enabling control over the false discovery rate (or Type I error) for any predictive model. Further, the HRT is computationally efficient and, in simulations, has greater power than a competing knockoffs-based approach. Code is available at this https URL.\",\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/850e3676a1288939ad299d69a5f02ac8d596cb91\",\n \"result_position\": 32,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 224703418,\n \"title\": \"PAC$^m$-Bayes: Narrowing the Empirical Risk Gap in the Misspecified Bayesian Regime\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"W. Morningstar\",\n \"Alexander A. Alemi\",\n \"Joshua V. Dillon\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The Bayesian posterior minimizes the\\\"inferential risk\\\"which itself bounds the\\\"predictive risk\\\". This bound is tight when the likelihood and prior are well-specified. However since misspecification induces a gap, the Bayesian posterior predictive distribution may have poor generalization performance. This work develops a multi-sample loss (PAC$^m$) which can close the gap by spanning a trade-off between the two risks. The loss is computationally favorable and offers PAC generalization guarantees. Empirical study demonstrates improvement to the predictive distribution.\",\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7700bf96effb66801c1b54f53f938bf52200062e\",\n \"result_position\": 33,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 246275774,\n \"title\": \"Learning Model Checking and the Kernel Trick for Signal Temporal Logic on Stochastic Processes\",\n \"venue\": \"International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for Construction and Analysis of Systems\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"L. Bortolussi\",\n \"G. Gallo\",\n \"Jan Křetínský\",\n \"L. Nenzi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"We introduce a similarity function on formulae of signal temporal logic (STL). It comes in the form of a kernel function, well known in machine learning as a conceptually and computationally efficient tool. The corresponding kernel trick allows us to circumvent the complicated process of feature extraction, i.e. the (typically manual) effort to identify the decisive properties of formulae so that learning can be applied. We demonstrate this consequence and its advantages on the task of predicting (quantitative) satisfaction of STL formulae on stochastic processes: Using our kernel and the kernel trick, we learn (i) computationally efficiently (ii) a practically precise predictor of satisfaction, (iii) avoiding the difficult task of finding a way to explicitly turn formulae into vectors of numbers in a sensible way. We back the high precision we have achieved in the experiments by a theoretically sound PAC guarantee, ensuring our procedure efficiently delivers a close-to-optimal predictor.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/978-3-030-99524-9_15\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/189b87ec591b0d5fc37471c7a09a0a9886b7ee85\",\n \"result_position\": 34,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":86,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"Testosterone regulates the female sexual response cycle through both central mechanisms (by modulating the dopaminergic neurons in the ventral medial nucleus of the hypothalamus, enhancing sexual motivation and libido) and peripheral mechanisms (by promoting blood flow to the clitoris and vaginal corpus cavernosum, increasing lubrication secretion, and enhancing sensitivity)."},"query_timestamp":{"kind":"string","value":"2025-08-25T16:09:51.342670+00:00"},"thread_id":{"kind":"string","value":"603e8d8e52ea5241225596307835d1d37bf85062f83142912a6d817df795b133"},"num_shown":{"kind":"number","value":41,"string":"41"},"num_clicked":{"kind":"number","value":0,"string":"0"},"has_clicks":{"kind":"bool","value":false,"string":"false"},"shown_papers":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"corpus_id":233029015,"title":"International Society for the Study of Women's Sexual Health Clinical Practice Guideline for the Use of Systemic Testosterone for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder in Women.","venue":"Journal of Sexual Medicine","year":2021,"authors":["S. Parish","J. Simon","S. Davis","A. Giraldi","I. Goldstein","S. Goldstein","Noel N Kim","S. Kingsberg","A. Morgentaler","R. Nappi","Kwangsung Park","C. Stuenkel","A. Traish","L. Vignozzi"],"abstract":"BACKGROUND\nThe Global Consensus Position Statement on the Use of Testosterone Therapy for Women (Global Position Statement) recommended testosterone therapy for postmenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD).\n\n\nAIM\nTo provide a clinical practice guideline for the use of testosterone including identification of patients, laboratory testing, dosing, post-treatment monitoring, and follow-up care in women with HSDD.\n\n\nMETHODS\nThe International Society for the Study of Women's Sexual Health appointed a multidisciplinary panel of experts who performed a literature review of original research, meta-analyses, review papers, and consensus guidelines regarding testosterone use in women. Consensus was reached using a modified Delphi method.\n\n\nOUTCOMES\nA clinically useful guideline following a biopsychosocial assessment and treatment approach for the safe and efficacious use of testosterone in women with HSDD was developed including measurement, indications, formulations, prescribing, dosing, monitoring, and follow-up.\n\n\nRESULTS\nAlthough the Global Position Statement endorses testosterone therapy for only postmenopausal women, limited data also support the use in late reproductive age premenopausal women, consistent with the International Society for the Study of Women's Sexual Health Process of Care for the Management of HSDD. Systemic transdermal testosterone is recommended for women with HSDD not primarily related to modifiable factors or comorbidities such as relationship or mental health problems. Current available research supports a moderate therapeutic benefit. Safety data show no serious adverse events with physiologic testosterone use, but long-term safety has not been established. Before initiation of therapy, clinicians should provide an informed consent. Shared decision-making involves a comprehensive discussion of off-label use, as well as benefits and risks. A total testosterone level should not be used to diagnose HSDD, but as a baseline for monitoring. Government-approved transdermal male formulations can be used cautiously with dosing appropriate for women. Patients should be assessed for signs of androgen excess and total testosterone levels monitored to maintain concentrations in the physiologic premenopausal range. Compounded products cannot be recommended because of the lack of efficacy and safety data.\n\n\nCLINICAL IMPLICATIONS\nThis clinical practice guideline provides standards for safely prescribing testosterone to women with HSDD, including identification of appropriate patients, dosing, and monitoring.\n\n\nSTRENGTHS & LIMITATIONS\nThis evidence-based guideline builds on a recently published comprehensive meta-analysis and the Global Position Statement endorsed by numerous societies. The limitation is that testosterone therapy is not approved for women by most regulatory agencies, thereby making prescribing and proper dosing challenging.\n\n\nCONCLUSION\nDespite substantial evidence regarding safety, efficacy, and clinical use, access to testosterone therapy for the treatment of HSDD in women remains a significant unmet need. Parish SJ, Simon JA, Davis SR, et al. International Society for the Study of Women's Sexual Health Clinical Practice Guideline for the Use of Systemic Testosterone for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder in Women. J Sex Med 2021;XX:XXX-XXX.","doi":"10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.10.009","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5238edfcd49c327b6c9104487e25ff58ddd4861f","result_position":0,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":259912357,"title":"Androgens and Female Sexuality: Molecular Insights, Neuroendocrine Crosstalk and Future Therapeutic Directions","venue":"Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology","year":2023,"authors":["G. Montan","Massimo Carollo","Luciano Torres","G. Buzzaccarini","A. Giannini","A. Etrusco","E. Cosmi","Marcello Rigano","V. Chiantera","A. Laganà","G. Cucinella","G. Gullo"],"abstract":"Objective : The scientific community has recently directed its attention towards investigating the role of androgens in female sexuality. This narrative review aims to elucidate the central and peripheral androgen-mediated mechanisms involved in female sexual health and function. Additionally, the current state of androgen therapeutic options is discussed. Mechanism : We searched several scientific literature databases, including EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed Central, and Scopus, utilizing keywords, index terms, and MeSH terms, such as “androgen*”, “female sexuality”, “female sexual function”, “women’s sexual dysfunctions”, “androgen therapy in women”, and various combinations thereof. Findings in Brief : Progesterone or estrogens are commonly prescribed as first-line treatments for female sexual dysfunctions. However, these medications may frequently lead to therapeutic failure and cause harm by increasing sex-hormone-binding-globulin plasma levels and decreasing testosterone plasma concentrations. Currently, there are limited androgen therapies available for women, and the evidence for their effectiveness and safety is still limited. Conclusions : The knowledge of neuroendocrine interactions that underlie sexual arousal and pleasure is rapidly expanding, and ongoing research is striving to develop more appropriate clinical practices for managing sexual dysfunctions in women.","doi":"10.31083/j.ceog5007141","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fc26f8c1ae251d304cd7e6211ffb0022c31b83ee","result_position":1,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":20925533,"title":"Biochemical factors modulating female genital sexual arousal physiology.","venue":"Journal of Sexual Medicine","year":2010,"authors":["A. Traish","Ella Botchevar","Noel N Kim"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.01903.x","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/91dd3b1e23a4492e53b558e411c273c6614db7fb","result_position":2,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":235407114,"title":"Effects of testosterone treatment on clitoral haemodynamics in women with sexual dysfunction","venue":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","year":2021,"authors":["S. Cipriani","E. Maseroli","V. Di Stasi","I. Scavello","T. Todisco","G. Rastrelli","M. Fambrini","F. Sorbi","F. Petraglia","E. Jannini","M. Maggi","L. Vignozzi"],"abstract":"To explore the effects of 6-month systemic testosterone (T) administration on clitoral color Doppler ultrasound (CDU) parameters in women with female sexual dysfunction (FSD). 81 women with FSD were retrospectively recruited. Data on CDU parameters at baseline and after 6 months with four different treatments were available and thus further longitudinally analyzed: local non-hormonal moisturizers (NH group), n = 37; transdermal 2% T gel 300 mcg/day (T group), n = 23; local estrogens (E group), n = 12; combined therapy (T + E group), n = 9. Patients underwent physical, laboratory, and genital CDU examinations at both visits and completed different validated questionnaires, including the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). At 6-month visit, T therapy significantly increased clitoral artery peak systolic velocity (PSV) when compared to both NH (p < 0.0001) and E (p < 0.0001) groups. A similar increase was found in the T + E group (p = 0.039 vs. E). In addition, T treatment was associated with significantly higher FSFI desire, pain, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, and total scores at 6-month visit vs. baseline. Similar findings were observed in the T + E group. No significant differences in the variations of total and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glycemia, insulin and glycated hemoglobin levels were found among the four groups. No adverse events were observed. In women complaining for FSD, systemic T administration, either alone or combined with local estrogens, was associated with a positive effect on clitoral blood flow and a clinical improvement in sexual function, showing a good safety profile. NCT04336891; date of registration: April 7, 2020.","doi":"10.1007/s40618-021-01598-1","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/71c7069d3940ee3232e5d7f2403a176bd0a521ca","result_position":3,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":232763859,"title":"International Society for the Study of Women's Sexual Health Clinical Practice Guideline for the Use of Systemic Testosterone for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder in Women","venue":"Journal of Women's Health","year":2021,"authors":["S. Parish","J. Simon","S. Davis","A. Giraldi","I. Goldstein","S. Goldstein","Noel N Kim","S. Kingsberg","A. Morgentaler","R. Nappi","Kwangsung Park","C. Stuenkel","A. Traish","L. Vignozzi"],"abstract":"Background: The Global Consensus Position Statement on the Use of Testosterone Therapy for Women (Global Position Statement) recommended testosterone therapy for postmenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD). Aim: To provide a clinical practice guideline for the use of testosterone including identification of patients, laboratory testing, dosing, post-treatment monitoring, and follow-up care in women with HSDD. Methods: The International Society for the Study of Women's Sexual Health appointed a multidisciplinary panel of experts who performed a literature review of original research, meta-analyses, review papers, and consensus guidelines regarding testosterone use in women. Consensus was reached using a modified Delphi method. Outcomes: A clinically useful guideline following a biopsychosocial assessment and treatment approach for the safe and efficacious use of testosterone in women with HSDD was developed including measurement, indications, formulations, prescribing, dosing, monitoring, and follow-up. Results: Although the Global Position Statement endorses testosterone therapy for only postmenopausal women, limited data also support the use in late reproductive age premenopausal women, consistent with the International Society for the Study of Women's Sexual Health Process of Care for the Management of HSDD. Systemic transdermal testosterone is recommended for women with HSDD not primarily related to modifiable factors or comorbidities such as relationship or mental health problems. Current available research supports a moderate therapeutic benefit. Safety data show no serious adverse events with physiologic testosterone use, but long-term safety has not been established. Before initiation of therapy, clinicians should provide an informed consent. Shared decision-making involves a comprehensive discussion of off-label use, as well as benefits and risks. A total testosterone level should not be used to diagnose HSDD, but as a baseline for monitoring. Government-approved transdermal male formulations can be used cautiously with dosing appropriate for women. Patients should be assessed for signs of androgen excess and total testosterone levels monitored to maintain concentrations in the physiologic premenopausal range. Compounded products cannot be recommended because of the lack of efficacy and safety data. Clinical Implications: This clinical practice guideline provides standards for safely prescribing testosterone to women with HSDD, including identification of appropriate patients, dosing, and monitoring. Strengths & Limitations: This evidence-based guideline builds on a recently published comprehensive meta-analysis and the Global Position Statement endorsed by numerous societies. The limitation is that testosterone therapy is not approved for women by most regulatory agencies, thereby making prescribing and proper dosing challenging. Conclusion: Despite substantial evidence regarding safety, efficacy, and clinical use, access to testosterone therapy for the treatment of HSDD in women remains a significant unmet need.","doi":"10.1089/jwh.2021.29037","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a8c0519e4d726448ad31b4d6040e0e90c63c36a1","result_position":4,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":265342204,"title":"The elusive concept of sexual motivation: can it be anchored in the nervous system?","venue":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","year":2023,"authors":["Elisa Ventura-Aquino","Anders Ågmo"],"abstract":"Sexual motivation is an abstract concept referring to the mechanisms determining the responsivity to sexually relevant stimuli. This responsivity determines the likelihood of producing a sexual response and the intensity of that response. Both responsivity to stimuli and the likelihood of making a response as well as the intensity of response are characteristics of an individual. Therefore, we need to assume that the concept of sexual motivation materializes in physiological mechanisms within the individual. The aim of the present communication is to analyze the requisites for the endeavor to materialize sexual motivation. The first requisite is to provide an operational definition, making the concept quantifiable. We show that parameters of copulatory behavior are inappropriate. We argue that the intensity of sexual approach behaviors provides the best estimate of sexual motivation in non-human animals, whereas the magnitude of genital responses is an exquisite indicator of human sexual motivation. Having assured how to quantify sexual motivation, we can then proceed to the search for physiological or neurobiological underpinnings. In fact, sexual motivation only manifests itself in animals exposed to appropriate amounts of gonadal hormones. In female rats, the estrogen receptor α in the ventrolateral part of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus is necessary for the expression of sexual approach behaviors. In male rats, androgen receptors within the medial preoptic area are crucial. Thus, in rats sexual motivation can be localized to specific brain structures, and even to specific cells within these structures. In humans, it is not even known if sexual motivation is materialized in the brain or in peripheral structures. Substantial efforts have been made to determine the relationship between the activity of neurotransmitters and the intensity of sexual motivation, particularly in rodents. The results of this effort have been meager. Likewise, efforts of finding drugs to stimulate sexual motivation, particularly in women complaining of low sexual desire, have produced dismal results. In sum, it appears that the abstract concept of sexual motivation can be reliably quantified, and the neurobiological bases can be described in non-human animals. In humans, objective quantification is feasible, but the neurobiological substrate remains enigmatic.","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2023.1285810","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f478c4211d101ab3494289f56116a21bbc7dd1d1","result_position":5,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":260656355,"title":"What is the Role of Testosterone Therapy in Postmenopausal Women? A SWOT Analysis","venue":"Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology","year":2023,"authors":["Fatih Aktoz","A. Gunes","C. Erel"],"abstract":"Objective : The objective of this review is to examine the current state of evidence on postmenopausal testosterone use in women and explore its potential benefits and risks using the SWOT analysis method which is an evaluation system that allows reviewing any issue under the headings of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Mechanism : Testosterone plays a role in female sexual physiology through its effects on the brain and peripheral tissues. At the central level, it stimulates regions of sexual function and interacts with specific receptors in the brain to regulate sexual desire, arousal, and satisfaction. At the peripheral level, testosterone affects various tissues and organs that are involved in sexual function, including the vagina, clitoris, and labia. Testosterone interacts with the androgen receptor in cells and triggers various physiological responses depending on the tissue. It stimulates sperm production in the testes, promotes bone growth and maintenance, and increases muscle mass and strength through protein synthesis. Testosterone also has a beneficial effect on bone density and the cardiovascular system, reducing the risk of heart disease and stroke. It influences cognitive functions such as memory, processing speed, and executive function through androgen receptor-regulated regions of the brain. Findings in Brief : Postmenopausal testosterone therapy may improve sexual function, muscle mass, and reduce the risk of osteoporosis. However, its long-term safety and effectiveness are still under debate. Testosterone therapy can be effective in treating certain symptoms in postmenopausal women, but it may also increase the risk of cardiovascular events and endometrial cancer, and can lead to adverse symptoms such as acne and hirsutism. Careful monitoring and regular hormone level checks are necessary to ensure safe and effective use. It’s important to consider the potential risks and benefits when deciding whether testosterone therapy is appropriate for a postmenopausal woman. Conclusions : Testosterone therapy in postmenopausal women may be a valuable treatment option for selected women. However, more research is needed to better understand the long-term effects of its use. Further research may also help to determine optimal dosing and route of administration, as well as specific testosterone preparations for women.","doi":"10.31083/j.ceog5008159","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/92f4b40638a2a7978a459ece258806f8674c804c","result_position":6,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":270700304,"title":"Systemic testosterone for the treatment of female sexual interest and arousal disorder (FSIAD) in the postmenopause","venue":"Gynecological Endocrinology","year":2024,"authors":["Laura Ribera Torres","S. Anglès-Acedo","Laura López Chardi","Eduard Mension Coll","C. Castelo-Branco"],"abstract":"Abstract Introduction Female sexual interest and arousal disorder (FSIAD) is the most prevalent female sexual dysfunction in the postmenopause. Objective The aim of this review is to provide a summary of the currently available evidence on the use of testosterone in the treatment of FSIAD in postmenopausal women. Methods A narrative review on the topic was performed. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews and meta-analysis were considered. 123 articles were screened, 105 of them assessed for eligibility, and finally 9 were included in qualitative synthesis following the PRISMA declaration. Results Current evidence recommends, with moderate therapeutic benefit, the use of systemic transdermal testosterone within the premenopausal physiological range in postmenopausal women with Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD), the previous entity for low desire dysfunction, not primarily related to modifiable factors or comorbidities such as relationship or mental health problems. The available evidence is based on studies with heterogeneity on their design (different testosterone doses, routes of administration, testosterone use in combination and alone, sexual instruments of measurement). There is no data indicating severe short-term adverse effects, although long-term safety data is lacking. Conclusions Despite having testosterone as a valuable tool, therapeutic strategies are lacking in the pharmacological field of HSDD/FSIAD. Neuroimaging studies could provide valuable information regarding the sexual desire substrate and suggest the potential application of already approved drugs for women with a good safety profile. The use of validated instruments for HSDD in postmenopausal women, considering the level of distress, is necessary to be able to draw robust conclusions on the evaluated treatments.","doi":"10.1080/09513590.2024.2364220","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3535495dacf93020cc693cd354b6de8b25bb4058","result_position":7,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":56283464,"title":"The Association Between Testosteron Levels and Relationship Quality in Reproductive Aged Couples","venue":"","year":2016,"authors":["F. G. Siregar"],"abstract":"Couple relationship is often interfered by disorder in sexual activities. Most of the problems are in women than men. One of the main factor tha contributed to sexual function are sex hormones. Sex hormones selectively responsive to sexual incentives inducing a neurochemical state that favourable to sexual response. Androgens play an important role in sexual desire, arousal, orgasm and satisfaction by interacting with receptors in the hypothalamus, together with the dopaminergic, serotoninergic and opiatergic path, and the receptor genitals. Testosterone, molecular weight of 288.41 Dalton, is one of sex steroid hormones. It is the main androgenic hormone produced by the interstitial cells (Leydig). However, testosterone is an important precursor for the production of estradiol in the target tissue. Both testosteron and estrogen may affect sexual arousal. Decrease of testoterone in men is also related to declines in sexual desire, which can be restored with testosteron administration. Therefore, adding testosteron to estrogen in sexual disorder may be benefited. However, this practice was not widely use. Furhter sutdy is needed to assess its long term side effect.","doi":"10.18502/KME.V1I1.544","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/898da6a8f8dbb8ee585ade5481a0bceb6878a9aa","result_position":8,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":21017709,"title":"Efficacy and safety of testosterone in the management of hypoactive sexual desire disorder in postmenopausal women.","venue":"Journal of Sexual Medicine","year":2012,"authors":["S. Davis","G. Braunstein"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02634.x","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fe29a1cc00ad5f25019c530b26b6649e4d4bca0b","result_position":9,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":43130252,"title":"Sexual Dysfunction","venue":"Primary Care in Obstetrics and Gynecology","year":2007,"authors":["Jean D. Koehler"],"abstract":"Female sexual dysfunction or dissatisfaction is a common complaint among obstetric-gynecology patients. These complaints may result from medical treatments and procedures, or may secondarily complicate the management and patient compliance of treatment for other medical issues. Therefore, it is important that clinicians treating females obtain basic information regarding human sexual function and dysfunction. This chapter presents an integration of the clinical research as well as the author’s experience regarding sexual function and the management of sexual problems often presented in an obstetricgynecology practice.","doi":"10.1007/978-0-387-32328-2_20","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/04e9ece2db7458ea20e332dc6bfaeee3ee280f0b","result_position":10,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":23479623,"title":"2nd World Congress on Women’s Mental Health March 17–20, 2004, Washington, DC","venue":"Archives of Women's Mental Health","year":2005,"authors":["Abstracts."],"abstract":"s 2 World Congress on Women’s Mental Health March 17–20, 2004, Washington, DC Women’s wellbeing – global perspective Patt Franciosi, World Federation for Mental Health, Mequon, WI 53092, U.S.A., e-mail: francios@execpc.com Abstract: Globally a woman’s sense of psychological well-being is inextricably intertwined in the social-cultural fabric of her environment. Poverty, access to healthcare and education, domestic and sexual violence, stress related to multiple roles and gender discrimination are some of the major psycho social factors identified as having a significant impact on the mental health of women. This presentation will discuss the importance of the identification and modification of risk factors across the life span through research, policy and program development. Particular emphasis will be placed on the need for fostering social support networks for women within their cultural context, and the importance of listening to the stories women tell of their unique experiences and the individual meaning they give to their life stories. Strategies will be suggested for the creation of an advocacy agenda for women’s mental health, beginning with a brief review of the recommendations from the UN Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995 and the follow-up review conducted at a UN Special Session ‘‘Women 2000: Gender, equality, development and peace for the twenty-first century, Beijing þ5’’. This presentation will also focus on the need for building grassroots coalitions of individuals, organizations and consumers in order to provide an effective voice for gender equality and the empowerment of women. Globally a woman’s sense of psychological well-being is inextricably intertwined in the social-cultural fabric of her environment. Poverty, access to healthcare and education, domestic and sexual violence, stress related to multiple roles and gender discrimination are some of the major psycho social factors identified as having a significant impact on the mental health of women. This presentation will discuss the importance of the identification and modification of risk factors across the life span through research, policy and program development. Particular emphasis will be placed on the need for fostering social support networks for women within their cultural context, and the importance of listening to the stories women tell of their unique experiences and the individual meaning they give to their life stories. Strategies will be suggested for the creation of an advocacy agenda for women’s mental health, beginning with a brief review of the recommendations from the UN Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995 and the follow-up review conducted at a UN Special Session ‘‘Women 2000: Gender, equality, development and peace for the twenty-first century, Beijing þ5’’. This presentation will also focus on the need for building grassroots coalitions of individuals, organizations and consumers in order to provide an effective voice for gender equality and the empowerment of women. Social, cultural and economic perspectives Donna Stewart, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2N2, Canada, e-mail: donna.stewart@uhn.on.ca Literature References: Stewart, D. E., Stotland, N. L. (Eds.). (2001). Psychological aspects of women’s health care: The interface between psychiatry and obstetrics and gynecology. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Press Inc. WHO. (2001). Mental Health: New understanding, new hope. Geneva. Objectives: Participants will understand the multiple global social, cultural and economic factors which affect women’s mental health. Abstract: Women’s life experiences differ from those of men in may ways, including their lack of power in personal, work, economic, social, professional, and political relationships. They are the child bearers, and in most countries the child rearers, and many of them undertake double shifts at home and at work. Although biology plays a role in women’s health it is certainly not the only factor. Women’s mental health can only be understood by considering the context of their lives; biological, sociocultural, political and economic. The World Federation of Mental Health declared in 1996 that, ‘‘psychological stress often has social origins, discriminating against women in employment, education, food distribution, health care and resources for economic development rendering them vulnerable to physical and sexual violence, psychiatric disorders and psychological distress.’’ This presentation will focus on the global social, cultural and economic perspectives that impact women’s mental health. Delineation of the field Uriel Halbreich, SUNY at Buffalo, BioBehavior Research, Buffalo, New York 14214, U.S.A., e-mail: urielh@acsu.buffalo.edu Objectives: Participants will be able to discuss the domain of women’s mental health and its underlying processes. Abstract: Women’s Mental Health and women’s well being are increasingly recognized in most Western countries as a priority subject. However, in many societies local traditions, cultures and attitudes are an impediment for advancement of women’s social and physical well being. It is quite well-accepted that biological-medical as well as psychosocial and economic aspects should be considered in the assessment of the status of the individual woman. The socio-cultural economic aspects are even more important for achieving the goal of improvement of Women’s Mental Health in general. One of the first steps to achieving any goal is delineation of the domain at focus, and defining its sub territories, their evolving processes and their independence or multiple interactions and dependencies. Then, specific actions aimed at specific issues should be developed and pursued. The delineation of the domain, boundaries and uniqueness of women’s well being is a subject of differing opinions. Here, the domain is described with an attempt to conceptualize expanding circles from the core Women’s specific biology to Women’s Human Rights. Nature and nurture: impact of ovarian hormones on cognition and mood Bruce McEwen, Keith Akama, Wayne Brake, Karen Bulloch, Gist Croft, Andres Gottfried, Ssan Lee, Chenjian Li, Victoria Luine, Teresa Milner, John Morrison, Russ Romeo, Nora Tabori, Genevieve Yuen The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021, U.S.A., e-mail: mcewen@mail.rockefeller.edu Abstract: Besides affecting the hypothalamus and other brain areas related to reproduction, ovarian steroids have widespread effects throughout the brain, on catecholaminergic neurons and serotonergic pathways and the basal forebrain cholinergic system, as well as the hippocampus and amygdala. Because of the widespread influences of these various neuronal systems, ovarian steroids have measurable effects on affective state as Besides affecting the hypothalamus and other brain areas related to reproduction, ovarian steroids have widespread effects throughout the brain, on catecholaminergic neurons and serotonergic pathways and the basal forebrain cholinergic system, as well as the hippocampus and amygdala. Because of the widespread influences of these various neuronal systems, ovarian steroids have measurable effects on affective state as well as on cognition, with implications for dementia. One of the most interesting effects is the regulation of synapse turnover in the hippocampus of the female rat, mouse and rhesus monkey. In rat, where we know most about mechanism, the formation of new excitatory synapses is induced by estradiol (E) and involves NMDA receptors, and estrogen receptors (ER) whereas down-regulation of these synapses involves progesterone and intracellular progestin receptors. As far as the mechanism for synapse formation, besides NMDA receptor activation, inhibitory interneurons play a pivotal role as they express nuclear ER , and decreased GABAergic activity is believed to be involved. Considering the need for NMDA receptor activation, it appears likely that a more local regulation by E in the excitatory pyramidal neurons is also necessary. The rat hippocampus expresses both ER and ER . Although, at the light microscopic level, autoradiography shows nuclear 3Hand 125I-E uptake in a distribution that reflects the localization of ER -immunoreactive interneurons in the dorsal hippocampus, electron microscopic immunocytochemistry has revealed extranuclear ER immunoreactivity within select dendritic spines on hippocampal principal cells, axons, axon terminals and glial processes. These findings have led to studies of E regulation of signalling pathways involving PI3kinase and Akt phosphorylation, as well as CREB phosphorylation leading to transcriptional and translational events that increase production of key preand postsynaptic proteins. We have proposed a ‘‘distributed model’’ of E action including both genomic and non-genomic actions with inhibitory and excitatory neurons and include actions of estrogens preand post-synaptically as well as trans-synaptically. There is growing evidence that such E effects on synapses occur in other brain regions. Supported by NIH grants NS07080 and 5 P01 AG16765.","doi":"10.1007/s00737-005-0095-7","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4269d2ec844ac77f329cfcecb1c4ff51916add6d","result_position":11,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":45887960,"title":"Time course of effects of testosterone administration on sexual arousal in women.","venue":"Archives of General Psychiatry","year":2000,"authors":["A. Tuiten","J. Honk","H. Koppeschaar","C. Bernaards","J. Thijssen","Rien Verbaten"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1001/ARCHPSYC.57.2.149","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/627f12fea6f9f88e4d532b7ed1bd2df93a0ebf09","result_position":12,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":232131369,"title":"A survival of the fittest strategy for the selection of genotypes by which drug responders and non-responders can be predicted in small groups","venue":"PLoS ONE","year":2021,"authors":["D. Höhle","K. van Rooij","J. Bloemers","J. Pfaus","Frits Michiels","Paddy Janssen","E. Claassen","A. Tuiten"],"abstract":"Phenotype Prediction Scores (PPS) might be powerful tools to predict traits or the efficacy of treatments based on combinations of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs) in large samples. We developed a novel method to produce PPS models for small samples sizes. The set of SNPs is first filtered on those known to be relevant in biological pathways involved in a clinical condition, and then further filtered repeatedly in a survival strategy to select stabile positive/negative risk alleles. This method is applied on Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder (FSIAD), for which two subtypes has been proposed: 1) a relatively insensitive excitatory system in the brain for sexual cues, and 2) a dysfunctional activation of brain mechanisms for sexual inhibition. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over experiment was conducted on 129 women with FSIAD. The women received three different on-demand drug-combination treatments during 3 two-week periods: testosterone (0.5 mg) + sildenafil (50 mg), testosterone (0.5 mg) + buspirone (10 mg), or matching placebos. The resulted PPS were independently validated on patient-level and group-level. The AUC scores for T+S of the derivation set was 0.867 (95% CI = 0.796–0.939; p<0.001) and was 0.890 (95% CI = 0.778–1.000; p<0.001) on the validation set. For T+B the AUC of the derivation set was 0.957 (95% CI = 0.921–0.992; p<0.001) and 0.869 (95% CI = 0.746–0.992; p<0.001) for the validation set. Both formulas could reliably predict for each drug who benefit from the on-demand drugs and could therefore be useful in clinical practice.","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0246828","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/27f3864d8bcd004fd787293060d6242036b4736d","result_position":13,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":249900710,"title":"Clinical Study on the Use of Acupuncture for the Treatment of Female Sexual Dysfunction: A Pilot Study","venue":"Sexual Medicine","year":2022,"authors":["Jun Zhang","L. Ma","X. Gong","Sufang Luo","Shuqin Zhao"],"abstract":"Introduction Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) seriously affects the quality of life of women. However, most women do not have access to effective treatment. Aim This study aimed to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of the use of acupuncture in FSD treatment based on existing clear acupuncture protocol and experience-supported face-to-face therapy. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 24 patients with FSD who received acupuncture from October 2018 to February 2022. The Chinese version of the female sexual function index , subjective sensation, sexual desire, sexual arousal, vaginal lubrication, orgasm, sexual satisfaction, and dyspareunia scores were compared before and after the treatment in all 24 patients. Main Outcome Measure A specific female sexual function index questionnaire was used to assess changes in female sexual function before and after the acupuncture treatment. Results In this study, the overall treatment improvement rate of FSD was 100%. The Chinese version of the female sexual function index total score, sexual desire score, sexual arousal score, vaginal lubrication score, orgasm score, sexual satisfaction score, and dyspareunia score during intercourse were significantly different before and after the treatment (P < .05). Consequently, participants reported high levels of satisfaction with acupuncture. This study indicates that acupuncture could be a new and effective technique for treating FSD. The main advantages of this study are its design and efficacy in treating FSD. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of FSD using the female sexual function index scale from 6 dimensions. The second advantage is that the method used (ie, the nonpharmacological method) is simple, readily available, highly safe with few side effects, and relatively inexpensive with high patient satisfaction. However, limitations include small sample size and lack of further detailed grouping, pre and post control study of patients, blank control group, and pre and post control study of sex hormones. Conclusion Acupuncture can effectively treat FSD from all dimensions with high safety, good satisfaction, and definite curative effect, and thus, it is worthy of promotion and application. Zhang JT, Ma L, Gong X, et al. Clinical Study on the Use of Acupuncture for the Treatment of Female Sexual Dysfunction: A Pilot Study. Sex Med 2022;10:100541.","doi":"10.1016/j.esxm.2022.100541","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/47710b86b9913747e08916b3709e36b5f4348a81","result_position":14,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":199147589,"title":"Aromatization Is Not Required for the Facilitation of Appetitive Sexual Behaviors in Ovariectomized Rats Treated With Estradiol and Testosterone","venue":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","year":2019,"authors":["S. L. Jones","S. Rosenbaum","James Gardner Gregory","J. Pfaus"],"abstract":"Testosterone can be safely and effectively administered to estrogen-treated post-menopausal women experiencing hypoactive sexual desire. However, in the United States and Canada, although it is often administered off-label, testosterone co-administered with estradiol is not a federally approved treatment for sexual arousal/desire disorder, partly because its mechanism is poorly understood. One possible mechanism involves the aromatization of testosterone to estradiol. In an animal model, the administration of testosterone propionate (TP) given in combination with estradiol benzoate (EB) significantly increases sexually appetitive behaviors (i.e., solicitations and hops/darts) in ovariectomized (OVX) Long-Evans rats, compared to those treated with EB-alone. The goal of current study was to test whether blocking aromatization of testosterone to estradiol would disrupt the facilitation of sexual behaviors in OVX Long-Evans rats, and to determine group differences in Fos immunoreactivity within brain regions involved in sexual motivation and reward. Groups of sexually experienced OVX Long-Evans rats were treated with EB alone, EB+TP, or EB+TP and the aromatase inhibitor Fadrozole (EB+TP+FAD). Females treated with EB+TP+FAD displayed significantly more hops and darts, solicitations and lordosis magnitudes when compared to EB-alone females. Furthermore, TP, administered with or without FAD, induced the activation of Fos-immunoreactivity in brain areas implicated in sexual motivation and reward including the medial preoptic area, ventrolateral division of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, the nucleus accumbens core, and the prefrontal cortex. These results suggest that aromatization may not be necessary for TP to enhance female sexual behavior and that EB+TP may act via androgenic pathways to increase the sensitivity of response to male-related cues, to induce female sexual desire.","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2019.00798","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d6d235bd15d1dd1a302527cfac8b3abc48365bde","result_position":15,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":39636101,"title":"Role of androgens in female genital sexual arousal: receptor expression, structure, and function.","venue":"Fertility and Sterility","year":2002,"authors":["A. Traish","Noel N Kim","K. Min","R. Munarriz","I. Goldstein"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1016/S0015-0282(02)02978-3","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5829445d6f5d497fb23955ccfdca851556ce983c","result_position":16,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":214781317,"title":"Regulation of Sex Steroid Sex Hormones on Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (Cgrp)’S Mrna Expression in Vaginal Mucosa Epitel of Bilateral Ovarectomized Wistar Rats","venue":"","year":2020,"authors":["Luh Yenny Armayanti","Nadya Tressna Wulansari"],"abstract":"During menopause, there is a decrease in the level of synthesis of sex steroid hormones such as estrogen, progesterone and androgen. Dramatic changes in sex steroid hormone levels cause vulvovaginal atrophy which is characterized by vaginal dryness, atrophy, dyspareunia, and sexual arousal disorders. This mechanism is thought to be mediated by changes in the expression of calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP), a neuropeptide which is a potent vasodilator. This study aims to determine how sex steroid hormones regulate the expression of Calcitonin Gene-RealtPeptide (CGRP) mRNA in the vaginal mucosal epithelium of wistar rats with bilateral ovarectomy. A post-test only control group design research was conducted on 30 female rats. Menopausal state was induced by ovarectomy on bilateral ovaries. After two weeks the rats were divided into 3 groups: the control group (given 1 ml aquadest), the treatment group I (given a combination of estrogen (11 μg / day) + progesterone (180 μg / day) and the treatment group II were given a combination of estrogen (11 μg / day) + progesterone (180 μg / day) + testosterone (360 μg / day) . After 30 days the mice were terminated and the vaginal tissue was taken from 2/3 part of posterior vagina. CGRP’s mRNA expression was calculated using the real time Polymerase Chain Reaction (rtPCR) method. The average CGRP gene mRNA levels in the control, treatment I and treatment II group were 1.60 ± 0.24 fg / ul, 4.77 ± 1.39 fg /ul, 7.09 ± 1.63 fg /ul respectively. There were significant differences in the mean mRNA levels of the CGRP gene between each group. This result suggests that the administration of sex steroid hormones increase CGRP mRNA expression.","doi":"10.13005/bpj/1885","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/777518ca5e316e55986819d9fe61fb1e8bff576d","result_position":17,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":231935371,"title":"Improving the sexual activity and reproduction of female zebrafish with high testosterone levels","venue":"Scientific Reports","year":2021,"authors":["Congcong Liu","Sophie Yue","J. Solarz","Jessica Lee","Lei Li"],"abstract":"High levels of testosterone cause clinical symptoms in female reproduction and possibly, alterations in sexuality. Yet, the underlying mechanisms remain to be examined. Here, we report a study that investigates the effects of testosterone in follicle development and sexual mating using zebrafish models. We developed an acute zebrafish model with high testosterone levels by exposing young female zebrafish to testosterone dissolved in swimming water. After given a high concentration of testosterone treatment (e.g., 100 ng/ml), the fish showed hallmark pathological symptoms similar to those displayed in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), such as follicular growth-arrest, rare ovulation, ovary enlargement, decrease in reproduction, and down regulation of the expression of some PCOS susceptible genes, such as Tox3. These fish are referred to as the PCOS fish. By monitoring mating-like swimming behaviors, we measured the sexual activity of PCOS zebrafish. In general, the PCOS fish showed no desire to interact with males. As a consequence, their mating rate was decreased as compared to control animals. The sexuality levels of PCOS fish, however, could be improved after short periods of rearing in conditions that lack of males. After only 3 days of rearing alone, the PCOS fish showed an increase in sexuality levels and displayed characteristic swimming patterns for mating. After 30 days of separation from males, not only the sexual activity, but also the mating rate was improved in the PCOS fish. Together, the data suggests that zebrafish can serve as a new type of research model to further develop strategies for the treatment of reproductive disorders, such as those related to PCOS.","doi":"10.1038/s41598-021-83085-4","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4ea2fff5fb91d4b3fe55d03cc50a9170f22ace55","result_position":18,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":32058457,"title":"Testosterone influences libido and well being in women.","venue":"Trends in endocrinology and metabolism","year":2001,"authors":["S. Davis","J. Tran"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1016/S1043-2760(00)00333-7","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0fcb5c4611310c65a75f16e527447ad865af20e6","result_position":19,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":10035565,"title":"Brain Imaging of Human Sexual Response: Recent Developments and Future Directions","venue":"Current Sexual Health Reports","year":2017,"authors":["Gerben B. Ruesink","J. Georgiadis"],"abstract":"Purpose of ReviewThe purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive summary of the latest developments in the experimental brain study of human sexuality, focusing on brain connectivity during the sexual response.Recent FindingsStable patterns of brain activation have been established for different phases of the sexual response, especially with regard to the wanting phase, and changes in these patterns can be linked to sexual response variations, including sexual dysfunctions. From this solid basis, connectivity studies of the human sexual response have begun to add a deeper understanding of the brain network function and structure involved.SummaryThe study of “sexual” brain connectivity is still very young. Yet, by approaching the brain as a connected organ, the essence of brain function is captured much more accurately, increasing the likelihood of finding useful biomarkers and targets for intervention in sexual dysfunction.","doi":"10.1007/s11930-017-0123-4","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/aa716e7ce15dbf5efd900ae99363e2484f1aeffa","result_position":20,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":7539004,"title":"Menopause and sexual desire: the role of testosterone","venue":"Menopause International","year":2010,"authors":["R. Nappi","F. Albani","V. Santamaria","S. Tonani","E. Martini","E. Terreno","Emanuela Brambilla","F. Polatti"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1258/mi.2010.010041","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/11c6a08c7448554bd18289223ae2cc5d59c91ab5","result_position":21,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":265651727,"title":"Understanding Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD) in Women: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment","venue":"Cureus","year":2023,"authors":["Vaishnavi Ronghe","Krutika Pannase","Kavita Gomase","Manjusha G Mahakalkar"],"abstract":"Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD) is a complex and multifaceted condition that significantly impacts the sexual well-being and overall quality of life of women. This comprehensive review aims to provide a holistic understanding of HSDD by exploring its etiology, diagnostic criteria, treatment approaches, and broader societal implications. The review delves into the intricate interplay of biological factors, including hormonal changes and neurotransmitter imbalances, that contribute to HSDD. Psychological factors, such as relationship issues, body image, and stress, are examined with sociocultural factors like societal norms, cultural influences, and media portrayals of sexuality. Diagnostic criteria and assessment methods, including The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition criteria, and self-report questionnaires, are explored to facilitate accurate identification of HSDD and differentiation from other sexual disorders. The impact of HSDD on women's quality of life and relationships is examined, highlighting the emotional strain and interpersonal challenges associated with the disorder. Societal and personal consequences of untreated HSDD underscore the need for increased awareness and support. Treatment approaches encompass non-pharmacological interventions such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, sex therapy, and couples therapy and pharmacological interventions like hormone therapy and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Novel treatments like bremelanotide, flibanserin, and integrative strategies combining psychotherapy and lifestyle changes are discussed. Challenges and controversies surrounding HSDD, including the lack of consensus on diagnostic criteria, debates about the medicalization of sexuality, ethical concerns regarding pharmaceutical interventions, and cultural considerations, are addressed. Future directions in research, including advances in neurobiological understanding, personalized medicine, long-term treatment studies, and destigmatization initiatives, offer promising pathways for enhancing the management of HSDD.","doi":"10.7759/cureus.49690","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8c93752db59becf75b6f15a608553e2d0c0013c7","result_position":22,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":201831198,"title":"Sexual Health in Menopause","venue":"Medicina","year":2019,"authors":["I. Scavello","E. Maseroli","V. Di Stasi","L. Vignozzi"],"abstract":"Sexual function worsens with advancing menopause status. The most frequently reported symptoms include low sexual desire (40–55%), poor lubrication (25–30%) and dyspareunia (12–45%), one of the complications of genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM). Declining levels of sex steroids (estrogens and androgens) play a major role in the impairment of sexual response; however, psychological and relational changes related with aging and an increase in metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities should also be taken into account. Although first-line therapeutic strategies for menopause-related sexual dysfunction aim at addressing modifiable factors, many hormonal and non-hormonal, local and systemic treatment options are currently available. Treatment should be individualized, taking into account the severity of symptoms, potential adverse effects and personal preferences.","doi":"10.3390/medicina55090559","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bbcd4a12f73bbdb8124f15520d22d11cb92e9f8b","result_position":23,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":11503267,"title":"Recent Developments in Psychopharmaceutical Approaches to Treating Female Sexual Interest and Arousal Disorder","venue":"Current Sexual Health Reports","year":2017,"authors":["S. Both"],"abstract":"Purpose of ReviewThis review summarizes the recent literature and empirical studies on psychopharmacological approaches to treating female sexual interest/arousal disorder (FSIAD).Recent FindingsSeveral new drugs for FSIAD that are intended to increase sexual responsiveness by influencing central excitatory and inhibitory neuromodulatory processes are under development. Studies on flibanserin resulted in the first approved medication for the treatment of low sexual desire in premenopausal women. New drugs under development are testosterone combined with sildenafil or buspiron, bremelanotide, BP101, and nasal testosterone (TBS-2).SummaryAlthough pharmacological enhancement of sexual responsiveness may be potentially helpful in the treatment of FSIAD, the observed effects of flibanserin and other new drugs under development seem limited in terms of clinical significance. Given the multifactorial character of FSIAD, it may be important to integrate psychopharmacological treatment with sex therapy for optimal treatment efficacy.","doi":"10.1007/s11930-017-0124-3","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c2658e1663945605e09c157c8b4709064e5b0469","result_position":24,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":3328950,"title":"Androgens and Female Sexual Function and Dysfunction--Findings From the Fourth International Consultation of Sexual Medicine.","venue":"Journal of Sexual Medicine","year":2016,"authors":["S. Davis","Roisin N Worsley","K. Miller","S. Parish","N. Santoro"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.jsxm.2015.12.033","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/57ae3a561403516f4a1e4dde13d7f27bbdd871e7","result_position":25,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":31881909,"title":"Increasing women's sexual desire: The comparative effectiveness of estrogens and androgens.","venue":"Hormones and Behavior","year":2016,"authors":["Maurand M Cappelletti","K. Wallen"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.11.003","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e80a74886c123f3da591664e4bcdc0d0d9a8d56c","result_position":26,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":79780183,"title":"Sexual Dysfunctions in Depression","venue":"","year":2017,"authors":["Shivananda Manohar","T. Rao","Suhas Chandran","Shreemit Maheshwari","Manju George","Suman S. Rao","F. Ahmed","Sattar"],"abstract":"Sexual dysfunction is one of the common symptoms seen in depression. Presentations include decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, arousal difficulties and orgasm related dysfunctions. The probable causes of sexual dysfunction in such patients are complex and biological, psychological as well as psychosocial factors are likely to play an important role. Sexual dysfunction could also occur as an adverse effect of anti-depressants although it is difficult to establish whether the dysfunction is due to the illness or the medication. Awareness among professionals about sexual dysfunction is essential as it can have a profound impact in terms of relationship conflict, marital satisfaction, quality of life and compliance with treatment in patients with depression.","doi":"10.4172/2572-0791.1000125","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/00203555b0fdb6eef46930da7035d78681014b64","result_position":27,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":1363015,"title":"Hormonal predictors of sexual motivation in natural menstrual cycles.","venue":"Hormones and Behavior","year":2013,"authors":["J. Roney","Zachary L. Simmons"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2013.02.013","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c4b98649e2f850950a02b6ea5af32eeec0fc75f4","result_position":28,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":271408224,"title":"Salivary testosterone across the menstrual cycle.","venue":"Hormones and Behavior","year":2024,"authors":["Julia Stern","Kathleen V. Casto"],"abstract":"Testosterone production in women is thought to systematically shift across the menstrual cycle, peaking during the mid-cycle ovulatory window, and potentially influencing women's behavior. Testosterone is a molecular intermediary to the production of estradiol, which is necessary for ovulation to occur, but the amount of testosterone escape and exposure to the peripheral tissues is not fully understood. Salivary testosterone is a common biomarker in behavioral neuroendocrinological studies and is thought to reflect the bioactive portions in serum. In N = 339 women with confirmed ovulation via luteinizing hormone tests, salivary testosterone, assayed with LC-MS/MS, was sampled four times across the mid-cycle ovulatory window the luteal phase. Within-subject analysis revealed a significant but small pattern of a mid-cycle peak and a luteal decrease at the aggregate level. However, at the individual level, there was substantial variability in the direction and magnitude of the testosterone-cycle pattern. We discuss the relevant underlying physiology, background research, issues with assay methodolody, and considerations for researchers studying testosterone levels in women.","doi":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105608","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/55f8d93a9799d1ad756d8d5afc0134ddae6fb18d","result_position":29,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":235491580,"title":"Testosterone-induced increase in libido in a patient with a loss-of-function mutation in the AR gene","venue":"Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Case Reports","year":2021,"authors":["Laura Marino","A. Messina","James S Acierno","F. Phan‐Hug","Nicolas J Niederländer","F. Santoni","S. La Rosa","N. Pitteloud"],"abstract":"Summary Complete androgen-insensitivity syndrome (CAIS), a disorder of sex development (46,XY DSD), is caused primarily by mutations in the androgen receptor (AR). Gonadectomy is recommended due to the increased risk of gonadoblastoma, however, surgical intervention is often followed by loss of libido. We present a 26-year-old patient with CAIS who underwent gonadectomy followed by a significant decrease in libido, which was improved with testosterone treatment but not with estradiol. Genetic testing was performed and followed by molecular characterization. We found that this patient carried a previously unidentified start loss mutation in the androgen receptor. This variant resulted in an N-terminal truncated protein with an intact DNA binding domain and was confirmed to be loss-of-function in vitro. This unique CAIS case and detailed functional studies raise intriguing questions regarding the relative roles of testosterone and estrogen in libido, and in particular, the potential non-genomic actions of androgens. Learning points N-terminal truncation of androgen receptor can cause androgen-insensitivity syndrome. Surgical removal of testosterone-producing gonads can result in loss of libido. Libido may be improved with testosterone treatment but not with estradiol in some forms of CAIS. A previously unreported AR mutation – p.Glu2_Met190del (c.2T>C) – is found in a CAIS patient and results in blunted AR transcriptional activity under testosterone treatment.","doi":"10.1530/EDM-21-0031","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d3c71a907332658cefcec03d5ee916bf9ce3945f","result_position":30,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":42886002,"title":"Differential Effects of Testosterone and Estradiol on Clitoral Function: An Experimental Study in Rats.","venue":"Journal of Sexual Medicine","year":2016,"authors":["P. Comeglio","I. Cellai","S. Filippi","C. Corno","Francesca Corcetto","A. Morelli","E. Maneschi","E. Maseroli","E. Mannucci","M. Fambrini","M. Maggi","L. Vignozzi"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.10.007","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/78fbbb004b174ea9e66dfadaf663f592417222b9","result_position":31,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":258294990,"title":"Regulation of female sexual behavior and possibilities of drug therapy","venue":"Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council","year":2023,"authors":["P. Kozlov"],"abstract":"Female sexual behavior is under the complex influence of psycho-emotional, neuroendocrine and social factors. The realization of normal sexual activity in women is possible if many conditions are met and, first of all, ensuring a positive psycho-emotional background, safety, a satisfactory state of health, as well as comfortable interpersonal relationships for most women. In addition to significant psychological and social impact, accumulated modern scientific data confirm the important role of neuro-hormonal regulation of sexual behavior and suggest the potential effectiveness of pharmacological therapy. Unfortunately, however, medical strategies for correcting female sexual disorders are limited. Currently, in some countries, several drugs that increase female sexual activity are allowed for use, however, all of them are not registered and are not approved for use on the territory of the Russian Federation. The article briefly describes the neural mechanisms of the main areas of the central nervous system underlying receptivity and sexual attraction, namely the olfactory and limbic systems, the neocortex. The main attention is paid to the function of neurotransmitters and hormones that are critically involved in the modulation of emotions and sexual behavior, including the inhibitory mediator of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), estrogens, testosterone, and the excitatory mediator glutamate. The stages of development, the results of experimental and clinical studies to assess the effectiveness and safety of the unique Russian neuropeptide drug Desirex, which is a stimulant of sexual behavior due to the mechanism of reversible suppression of the GABAergic system, nonspecific stimulation of the dopaminergic system of motivation and reinforcement of positive emotions and disinhibition of the controlling function of the neocortex, are presented in detail. ","doi":"10.21518/ms2023-063","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4a13bf0cb6d7f75d232546989f55d73164b82b92","result_position":32,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":181727,"title":"Testosterone for low libido in postmenopausal women not taking estrogen.","venue":"New England Journal of Medicine","year":2008,"authors":["S. Davis","M. Moreau","R. Kroll","C. Bouchard","N. Panay","M. Gass","G. Braunstein","A. Hirschberg","C. Rodenberg","S. Pack","H. Koch","A. Moufarege","J. Studd"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1056/NEJMoa0707302","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f08da2e8568df54783fb169b0f192ad803af23dd","result_position":33,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":9945966,"title":"Can sublingual testosterone increase subjective and physiological measures of laboratory-induced sexual arousal?","venue":"Archives of General Psychiatry","year":2002,"authors":["A. Tuiten","J. van Honk","Rien Verbaten","E. Laan","W. Everaerd","H. Stam"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1001/ARCHPSYC.59.5.465","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a39368579e555f855e48133fc9648f6d187873aa","result_position":34,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":278815628,"title":"Sexual Functioning and Depressive Symptoms in Women with Postpartum Thyroiditis","venue":"Diagnostics","year":2025,"authors":["K. Kowalcze","G. Cucinella","G. Gullo","R. Krysiak"],"abstract":"Background/Objectives: The presence of autoimmune thyroiditis was found to be associated with an increased prevalence of sexual dysfunction. Women’s sexual health was not investigated in postpartum disorders of the thyroid gland. The aim of this study was to assess female sexual functioning and depressive symptoms in postpartum thyroiditis. Methods: This study compared four groups of non-lactating women who gave birth within 12 months before the beginning of the study: women with postpartum thyroiditis and overt hypothyroidism (group A), women with postpartum thyroiditis and subclinical hypothyroidism (group B), euthyroid females with postpartum thyroiditis (group C) and healthy euthyroid females without thyroid disease (group D). All patients completed questionnaires assessing female sexual function (FSFI), and the presence and severity of depressive symptoms (BDI-II). Moreover, we assessed thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies, as well as serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroid hormones, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), estradiol and prolactin. Results: The mean total FSFI score was lower in women with overt hypothyroidism (22.74 ± 4.12) than in the remaining groups of women, lower in groups B (25.71 ± 3.84) and C (29.67 ± 4.00) than in group D (32.15 ± 2.98), as well as lower in group B than in group C. Compared to healthy controls, both groups of women with postpartum thyroiditis and thyroid hypofunction had lower scores for all domains, while euthyroid patients with postpartum thyroiditis had lower scores for sexual desire, sexual arousal and lubrication. The total BDI-II score was highest in group A (15.6 ± 3.2) and lowest in group D (7.8 ± 3.2). Serum testosterone and DHEAS levels were lower while serum prolactin levels were higher in women with postpartum thyroiditis than in healthy subjects. The lowest testosterone levels (1.02 ± 0.35 nmol/L) and estradiol levels (190 ± 80 pmol/L) and the highest prolactin concentration (39.9 ± 13.9 ng/mL) were found in group A. Conclusions: The obtained results show that postpartum thyroiditis is complicated by multidimensional impairment of female sexual functioning, which is accompanied by mood deterioration. Severity of sexual dysfunction and depressive symptoms in this clinical entity depends on the degree of thyroid autoimmunity and hypothyroidism. It seems that assessment of sexual functioning and mood should be recommended to all women with postpartum thyroiditis.","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15101286","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4261d5c432202601db601261b459f1667eb6dae6","result_position":35,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":6461717,"title":"Testosterone therapy in women: a review","venue":"International journal of impotence research","year":2005,"authors":["S. Bolour","G. Braunstein"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1038/sj.ijir.3901334","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dcbcad30e257ccd8211147bc76c3c7e86e4ef561","result_position":36,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":203623032,"title":"Neuroanatomy and function of human sexual behavior: A neglected or unknown issue?","venue":"Brain and Behavior","year":2019,"authors":["R. Calabró","A. Cacciola","D. Bruschetta","D. Milardi","F. Quattrini","Francesca Sciarrone","Gianluca la Rosa","P. Bramanti","G. Anastasi"],"abstract":"Sexual desire, arousal, and orgasm are mediated by complex, yet still not fully understood, interactions of the somatic and autonomic nervous systems operating at the central and peripheral levels. Disruption of endocrine, neural, or vascular response, caused by aging, medical illness, neurological diseases, surgery, or drugs, can lead to sexual dysfunctions, thus significantly affecting patients' quality of life.","doi":"10.1002/brb3.1389","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6de00c54b95debe7fcc892c5671cb417ce49c496","result_position":37,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":4337469,"title":"Has testosterone passed the test in premenopausal women with low libido? A systematic review","venue":"International Journal of Women's Health","year":2016,"authors":["B. Reed","Laurice Bou Nemer","B. Carr"],"abstract":"Background There are limited evaluation and treatment options for low libido in premenopausal women. This review sought to evaluate the available evidence supporting the evaluation of testosterone serum levels and testosterone treatment of premenopausal women with low libido. Methods MEDLINE, PubMed, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for articles that referenced the evaluation of testosterone serum level and/or testosterone treatment on premenopausal women with low libido from 1995 to 2015. Additional references were obtained from the reference sections of other papers and from peer review. Studies that included only postmenopausal women were excluded. A total of 13 studies were reviewed in detail. Nine studies examined the relationship between testosterone serum levels and sexuality, an additional three studies examined the effect of testosterone treatment on premenopausal women with low libido, and one study examined both the topics. Results Six of the ten testosterone serum evaluation studies failed to show a significant association between testosterone serum level and libido. Only one out of four studies examining testosterone treatment in premenopausal women was able to show any clear improvement in libido; however, the effect was limited to only the intermediate dose of testosterone, with the low and high doses of testosterone not producing any effect. Conclusion The currently available evidence does not support testosterone serum evaluation or treatment in premenopausal women with low libido. Hence, further studies are warranted.","doi":"10.2147/IJWH.S116212","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fa42424c09254c011ccfc63db8f43801066a58e6","result_position":38,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":233928858,"title":"Disability vs the sexual life of women - selected issues","venue":"","year":2021,"authors":["Katarzyna Plagens-Rotman","G. Jarząbek-Bielecka","Piotr Merks","M. Mizgier","W. Kędzia","M. Wilczak"],"abstract":"Faculty ofMedicine, CollegiumMedicum, Cardinal StefanWyszyński University, 01-938Warsaw, Poland Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, CollegiumMedicum, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland Department of Dietetics, PoznanUniversity of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Culture in GorzówWielkopolski, 61-871 Poznań, Poland Department ofMother’s and Child’s Health, University ofMedical Sciences, 60-535 Poznań, Poland","doi":"10.31083/J.CEOG.2021.01.2200","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/17cca14d8fc30113e79673044b453e9a8bb2e1b6","result_position":39,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":9531389,"title":"Comparison of Sexual Dysfunction in Women Using Depo-Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA) and Cyclofem","venue":"Journal of reproduction & infertility","year":2015,"authors":["G. Ozgoli","Z. Sheikhan","M. Dolatian","M. Simbar","M. Bakhtyari","M. Nasiri"],"abstract":"Background Sexual affairs are one of the physiological needs affecting human health. Sexual functioning disorders can reduce individual's capabilities and creativities. Sexual relations are in the center of women's quality of life. The most important family planning is to prevent unintended pregnancies. Injectable contraceptives protect women exposed to many complications and mortality due to unintended pregnancies, with tolerable effects on other aspects of women's life. An important aspect of women's life is sexual health. This study aimed to compare sexual function of women using DMPA with women using Cyclofem presented to health centers affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran in 2013. Methods This descriptive-comparative study was conducted on 240 women in health centers in Tehran, Iran. They were selected by multistage sampling. The data was collected using a questionnaire completed by interviewing. The questionnaire had 2 parts, demographic characteristic section and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent T-test, U-test, Chi-square, Fisher exact test. The p-value less than 0.05 were applied for all statistical tests as significance level. Results The difference in sexual function between Cyclofem and DMPA groups was insignificant, but in terms of sexual desire in DMPA users better than and sexual pain them less than in Cyclofem users, the difference between the groups was significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion In introducing hormonal contraceptive methods, health workers should emphasize their adverse effects on sexual function. Women who use Cyclofem and DMPA should be aware that they may experience some changes in libido and sexual pain.","doi":"","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8e62e2aa899302c5d7c661cdfde11f0a73b74011","result_position":40,"is_clicked":false}],"string":"[\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 233029015,\n \"title\": \"International Society for the Study of Women's Sexual Health Clinical Practice Guideline for the Use of Systemic Testosterone for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder in Women.\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Sexual Medicine\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"S. Parish\",\n \"J. Simon\",\n \"S. Davis\",\n \"A. Giraldi\",\n \"I. Goldstein\",\n \"S. Goldstein\",\n \"Noel N Kim\",\n \"S. Kingsberg\",\n \"A. Morgentaler\",\n \"R. Nappi\",\n \"Kwangsung Park\",\n \"C. Stuenkel\",\n \"A. Traish\",\n \"L. Vignozzi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"BACKGROUND\\nThe Global Consensus Position Statement on the Use of Testosterone Therapy for Women (Global Position Statement) recommended testosterone therapy for postmenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD).\\n\\n\\nAIM\\nTo provide a clinical practice guideline for the use of testosterone including identification of patients, laboratory testing, dosing, post-treatment monitoring, and follow-up care in women with HSDD.\\n\\n\\nMETHODS\\nThe International Society for the Study of Women's Sexual Health appointed a multidisciplinary panel of experts who performed a literature review of original research, meta-analyses, review papers, and consensus guidelines regarding testosterone use in women. Consensus was reached using a modified Delphi method.\\n\\n\\nOUTCOMES\\nA clinically useful guideline following a biopsychosocial assessment and treatment approach for the safe and efficacious use of testosterone in women with HSDD was developed including measurement, indications, formulations, prescribing, dosing, monitoring, and follow-up.\\n\\n\\nRESULTS\\nAlthough the Global Position Statement endorses testosterone therapy for only postmenopausal women, limited data also support the use in late reproductive age premenopausal women, consistent with the International Society for the Study of Women's Sexual Health Process of Care for the Management of HSDD. Systemic transdermal testosterone is recommended for women with HSDD not primarily related to modifiable factors or comorbidities such as relationship or mental health problems. Current available research supports a moderate therapeutic benefit. Safety data show no serious adverse events with physiologic testosterone use, but long-term safety has not been established. Before initiation of therapy, clinicians should provide an informed consent. Shared decision-making involves a comprehensive discussion of off-label use, as well as benefits and risks. A total testosterone level should not be used to diagnose HSDD, but as a baseline for monitoring. Government-approved transdermal male formulations can be used cautiously with dosing appropriate for women. Patients should be assessed for signs of androgen excess and total testosterone levels monitored to maintain concentrations in the physiologic premenopausal range. Compounded products cannot be recommended because of the lack of efficacy and safety data.\\n\\n\\nCLINICAL IMPLICATIONS\\nThis clinical practice guideline provides standards for safely prescribing testosterone to women with HSDD, including identification of appropriate patients, dosing, and monitoring.\\n\\n\\nSTRENGTHS & LIMITATIONS\\nThis evidence-based guideline builds on a recently published comprehensive meta-analysis and the Global Position Statement endorsed by numerous societies. The limitation is that testosterone therapy is not approved for women by most regulatory agencies, thereby making prescribing and proper dosing challenging.\\n\\n\\nCONCLUSION\\nDespite substantial evidence regarding safety, efficacy, and clinical use, access to testosterone therapy for the treatment of HSDD in women remains a significant unmet need. Parish SJ, Simon JA, Davis SR, et al. International Society for the Study of Women's Sexual Health Clinical Practice Guideline for the Use of Systemic Testosterone for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder in Women. J Sex Med 2021;XX:XXX-XXX.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.10.009\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5238edfcd49c327b6c9104487e25ff58ddd4861f\",\n \"result_position\": 0,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 259912357,\n \"title\": \"Androgens and Female Sexuality: Molecular Insights, Neuroendocrine Crosstalk and Future Therapeutic Directions\",\n \"venue\": \"Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"G. Montan\",\n \"Massimo Carollo\",\n \"Luciano Torres\",\n \"G. Buzzaccarini\",\n \"A. Giannini\",\n \"A. Etrusco\",\n \"E. Cosmi\",\n \"Marcello Rigano\",\n \"V. Chiantera\",\n \"A. Laganà\",\n \"G. Cucinella\",\n \"G. Gullo\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Objective : The scientific community has recently directed its attention towards investigating the role of androgens in female sexuality. This narrative review aims to elucidate the central and peripheral androgen-mediated mechanisms involved in female sexual health and function. Additionally, the current state of androgen therapeutic options is discussed. Mechanism : We searched several scientific literature databases, including EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed Central, and Scopus, utilizing keywords, index terms, and MeSH terms, such as “androgen*”, “female sexuality”, “female sexual function”, “women’s sexual dysfunctions”, “androgen therapy in women”, and various combinations thereof. Findings in Brief : Progesterone or estrogens are commonly prescribed as first-line treatments for female sexual dysfunctions. However, these medications may frequently lead to therapeutic failure and cause harm by increasing sex-hormone-binding-globulin plasma levels and decreasing testosterone plasma concentrations. Currently, there are limited androgen therapies available for women, and the evidence for their effectiveness and safety is still limited. Conclusions : The knowledge of neuroendocrine interactions that underlie sexual arousal and pleasure is rapidly expanding, and ongoing research is striving to develop more appropriate clinical practices for managing sexual dysfunctions in women.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.31083/j.ceog5007141\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fc26f8c1ae251d304cd7e6211ffb0022c31b83ee\",\n \"result_position\": 1,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 20925533,\n \"title\": \"Biochemical factors modulating female genital sexual arousal physiology.\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Sexual Medicine\",\n \"year\": 2010,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Traish\",\n \"Ella Botchevar\",\n \"Noel N Kim\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.01903.x\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/91dd3b1e23a4492e53b558e411c273c6614db7fb\",\n \"result_position\": 2,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 235407114,\n \"title\": \"Effects of testosterone treatment on clitoral haemodynamics in women with sexual dysfunction\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"S. Cipriani\",\n \"E. Maseroli\",\n \"V. Di Stasi\",\n \"I. Scavello\",\n \"T. Todisco\",\n \"G. Rastrelli\",\n \"M. Fambrini\",\n \"F. Sorbi\",\n \"F. Petraglia\",\n \"E. Jannini\",\n \"M. Maggi\",\n \"L. Vignozzi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"To explore the effects of 6-month systemic testosterone (T) administration on clitoral color Doppler ultrasound (CDU) parameters in women with female sexual dysfunction (FSD). 81 women with FSD were retrospectively recruited. Data on CDU parameters at baseline and after 6 months with four different treatments were available and thus further longitudinally analyzed: local non-hormonal moisturizers (NH group), n = 37; transdermal 2% T gel 300 mcg/day (T group), n = 23; local estrogens (E group), n = 12; combined therapy (T + E group), n = 9. Patients underwent physical, laboratory, and genital CDU examinations at both visits and completed different validated questionnaires, including the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). At 6-month visit, T therapy significantly increased clitoral artery peak systolic velocity (PSV) when compared to both NH (p < 0.0001) and E (p < 0.0001) groups. A similar increase was found in the T + E group (p = 0.039 vs. E). In addition, T treatment was associated with significantly higher FSFI desire, pain, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, and total scores at 6-month visit vs. baseline. Similar findings were observed in the T + E group. No significant differences in the variations of total and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glycemia, insulin and glycated hemoglobin levels were found among the four groups. No adverse events were observed. In women complaining for FSD, systemic T administration, either alone or combined with local estrogens, was associated with a positive effect on clitoral blood flow and a clinical improvement in sexual function, showing a good safety profile. NCT04336891; date of registration: April 7, 2020.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s40618-021-01598-1\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/71c7069d3940ee3232e5d7f2403a176bd0a521ca\",\n \"result_position\": 3,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 232763859,\n \"title\": \"International Society for the Study of Women's Sexual Health Clinical Practice Guideline for the Use of Systemic Testosterone for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder in Women\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Women's Health\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"S. Parish\",\n \"J. Simon\",\n \"S. Davis\",\n \"A. Giraldi\",\n \"I. Goldstein\",\n \"S. Goldstein\",\n \"Noel N Kim\",\n \"S. Kingsberg\",\n \"A. Morgentaler\",\n \"R. Nappi\",\n \"Kwangsung Park\",\n \"C. Stuenkel\",\n \"A. Traish\",\n \"L. Vignozzi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Background: The Global Consensus Position Statement on the Use of Testosterone Therapy for Women (Global Position Statement) recommended testosterone therapy for postmenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD). Aim: To provide a clinical practice guideline for the use of testosterone including identification of patients, laboratory testing, dosing, post-treatment monitoring, and follow-up care in women with HSDD. Methods: The International Society for the Study of Women's Sexual Health appointed a multidisciplinary panel of experts who performed a literature review of original research, meta-analyses, review papers, and consensus guidelines regarding testosterone use in women. Consensus was reached using a modified Delphi method. Outcomes: A clinically useful guideline following a biopsychosocial assessment and treatment approach for the safe and efficacious use of testosterone in women with HSDD was developed including measurement, indications, formulations, prescribing, dosing, monitoring, and follow-up. Results: Although the Global Position Statement endorses testosterone therapy for only postmenopausal women, limited data also support the use in late reproductive age premenopausal women, consistent with the International Society for the Study of Women's Sexual Health Process of Care for the Management of HSDD. Systemic transdermal testosterone is recommended for women with HSDD not primarily related to modifiable factors or comorbidities such as relationship or mental health problems. Current available research supports a moderate therapeutic benefit. Safety data show no serious adverse events with physiologic testosterone use, but long-term safety has not been established. Before initiation of therapy, clinicians should provide an informed consent. Shared decision-making involves a comprehensive discussion of off-label use, as well as benefits and risks. A total testosterone level should not be used to diagnose HSDD, but as a baseline for monitoring. Government-approved transdermal male formulations can be used cautiously with dosing appropriate for women. Patients should be assessed for signs of androgen excess and total testosterone levels monitored to maintain concentrations in the physiologic premenopausal range. Compounded products cannot be recommended because of the lack of efficacy and safety data. Clinical Implications: This clinical practice guideline provides standards for safely prescribing testosterone to women with HSDD, including identification of appropriate patients, dosing, and monitoring. Strengths & Limitations: This evidence-based guideline builds on a recently published comprehensive meta-analysis and the Global Position Statement endorsed by numerous societies. The limitation is that testosterone therapy is not approved for women by most regulatory agencies, thereby making prescribing and proper dosing challenging. Conclusion: Despite substantial evidence regarding safety, efficacy, and clinical use, access to testosterone therapy for the treatment of HSDD in women remains a significant unmet need.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1089/jwh.2021.29037\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a8c0519e4d726448ad31b4d6040e0e90c63c36a1\",\n \"result_position\": 4,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 265342204,\n \"title\": \"The elusive concept of sexual motivation: can it be anchored in the nervous system?\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Neuroscience\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Elisa Ventura-Aquino\",\n \"Anders Ågmo\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Sexual motivation is an abstract concept referring to the mechanisms determining the responsivity to sexually relevant stimuli. This responsivity determines the likelihood of producing a sexual response and the intensity of that response. Both responsivity to stimuli and the likelihood of making a response as well as the intensity of response are characteristics of an individual. Therefore, we need to assume that the concept of sexual motivation materializes in physiological mechanisms within the individual. The aim of the present communication is to analyze the requisites for the endeavor to materialize sexual motivation. The first requisite is to provide an operational definition, making the concept quantifiable. We show that parameters of copulatory behavior are inappropriate. We argue that the intensity of sexual approach behaviors provides the best estimate of sexual motivation in non-human animals, whereas the magnitude of genital responses is an exquisite indicator of human sexual motivation. Having assured how to quantify sexual motivation, we can then proceed to the search for physiological or neurobiological underpinnings. In fact, sexual motivation only manifests itself in animals exposed to appropriate amounts of gonadal hormones. In female rats, the estrogen receptor α in the ventrolateral part of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus is necessary for the expression of sexual approach behaviors. In male rats, androgen receptors within the medial preoptic area are crucial. Thus, in rats sexual motivation can be localized to specific brain structures, and even to specific cells within these structures. In humans, it is not even known if sexual motivation is materialized in the brain or in peripheral structures. Substantial efforts have been made to determine the relationship between the activity of neurotransmitters and the intensity of sexual motivation, particularly in rodents. The results of this effort have been meager. Likewise, efforts of finding drugs to stimulate sexual motivation, particularly in women complaining of low sexual desire, have produced dismal results. In sum, it appears that the abstract concept of sexual motivation can be reliably quantified, and the neurobiological bases can be described in non-human animals. In humans, objective quantification is feasible, but the neurobiological substrate remains enigmatic.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fnins.2023.1285810\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f478c4211d101ab3494289f56116a21bbc7dd1d1\",\n \"result_position\": 5,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 260656355,\n \"title\": \"What is the Role of Testosterone Therapy in Postmenopausal Women? A SWOT Analysis\",\n \"venue\": \"Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Fatih Aktoz\",\n \"A. Gunes\",\n \"C. Erel\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Objective : The objective of this review is to examine the current state of evidence on postmenopausal testosterone use in women and explore its potential benefits and risks using the SWOT analysis method which is an evaluation system that allows reviewing any issue under the headings of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Mechanism : Testosterone plays a role in female sexual physiology through its effects on the brain and peripheral tissues. At the central level, it stimulates regions of sexual function and interacts with specific receptors in the brain to regulate sexual desire, arousal, and satisfaction. At the peripheral level, testosterone affects various tissues and organs that are involved in sexual function, including the vagina, clitoris, and labia. Testosterone interacts with the androgen receptor in cells and triggers various physiological responses depending on the tissue. It stimulates sperm production in the testes, promotes bone growth and maintenance, and increases muscle mass and strength through protein synthesis. Testosterone also has a beneficial effect on bone density and the cardiovascular system, reducing the risk of heart disease and stroke. It influences cognitive functions such as memory, processing speed, and executive function through androgen receptor-regulated regions of the brain. Findings in Brief : Postmenopausal testosterone therapy may improve sexual function, muscle mass, and reduce the risk of osteoporosis. However, its long-term safety and effectiveness are still under debate. Testosterone therapy can be effective in treating certain symptoms in postmenopausal women, but it may also increase the risk of cardiovascular events and endometrial cancer, and can lead to adverse symptoms such as acne and hirsutism. Careful monitoring and regular hormone level checks are necessary to ensure safe and effective use. It’s important to consider the potential risks and benefits when deciding whether testosterone therapy is appropriate for a postmenopausal woman. Conclusions : Testosterone therapy in postmenopausal women may be a valuable treatment option for selected women. However, more research is needed to better understand the long-term effects of its use. Further research may also help to determine optimal dosing and route of administration, as well as specific testosterone preparations for women.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.31083/j.ceog5008159\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/92f4b40638a2a7978a459ece258806f8674c804c\",\n \"result_position\": 6,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 270700304,\n \"title\": \"Systemic testosterone for the treatment of female sexual interest and arousal disorder (FSIAD) in the postmenopause\",\n \"venue\": \"Gynecological Endocrinology\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Laura Ribera Torres\",\n \"S. Anglès-Acedo\",\n \"Laura López Chardi\",\n \"Eduard Mension Coll\",\n \"C. Castelo-Branco\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract Introduction Female sexual interest and arousal disorder (FSIAD) is the most prevalent female sexual dysfunction in the postmenopause. Objective The aim of this review is to provide a summary of the currently available evidence on the use of testosterone in the treatment of FSIAD in postmenopausal women. Methods A narrative review on the topic was performed. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews and meta-analysis were considered. 123 articles were screened, 105 of them assessed for eligibility, and finally 9 were included in qualitative synthesis following the PRISMA declaration. Results Current evidence recommends, with moderate therapeutic benefit, the use of systemic transdermal testosterone within the premenopausal physiological range in postmenopausal women with Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD), the previous entity for low desire dysfunction, not primarily related to modifiable factors or comorbidities such as relationship or mental health problems. The available evidence is based on studies with heterogeneity on their design (different testosterone doses, routes of administration, testosterone use in combination and alone, sexual instruments of measurement). There is no data indicating severe short-term adverse effects, although long-term safety data is lacking. Conclusions Despite having testosterone as a valuable tool, therapeutic strategies are lacking in the pharmacological field of HSDD/FSIAD. Neuroimaging studies could provide valuable information regarding the sexual desire substrate and suggest the potential application of already approved drugs for women with a good safety profile. The use of validated instruments for HSDD in postmenopausal women, considering the level of distress, is necessary to be able to draw robust conclusions on the evaluated treatments.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/09513590.2024.2364220\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3535495dacf93020cc693cd354b6de8b25bb4058\",\n \"result_position\": 7,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 56283464,\n \"title\": \"The Association Between Testosteron Levels and Relationship Quality in Reproductive Aged Couples\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"F. G. Siregar\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Couple relationship is often interfered by disorder in sexual activities. Most of the problems are in women than men. One of the main factor tha contributed to sexual function are sex hormones. Sex hormones selectively responsive to sexual incentives inducing a neurochemical state that favourable to sexual response. Androgens play an important role in sexual desire, arousal, orgasm and satisfaction by interacting with receptors in the hypothalamus, together with the dopaminergic, serotoninergic and opiatergic path, and the receptor genitals. Testosterone, molecular weight of 288.41 Dalton, is one of sex steroid hormones. It is the main androgenic hormone produced by the interstitial cells (Leydig). However, testosterone is an important precursor for the production of estradiol in the target tissue. Both testosteron and estrogen may affect sexual arousal. Decrease of testoterone in men is also related to declines in sexual desire, which can be restored with testosteron administration. Therefore, adding testosteron to estrogen in sexual disorder may be benefited. However, this practice was not widely use. Furhter sutdy is needed to assess its long term side effect.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.18502/KME.V1I1.544\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/898da6a8f8dbb8ee585ade5481a0bceb6878a9aa\",\n \"result_position\": 8,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 21017709,\n \"title\": \"Efficacy and safety of testosterone in the management of hypoactive sexual desire disorder in postmenopausal women.\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Sexual Medicine\",\n \"year\": 2012,\n \"authors\": [\n \"S. Davis\",\n \"G. Braunstein\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02634.x\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fe29a1cc00ad5f25019c530b26b6649e4d4bca0b\",\n \"result_position\": 9,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 43130252,\n \"title\": \"Sexual Dysfunction\",\n \"venue\": \"Primary Care in Obstetrics and Gynecology\",\n \"year\": 2007,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jean D. Koehler\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Female sexual dysfunction or dissatisfaction is a common complaint among obstetric-gynecology patients. These complaints may result from medical treatments and procedures, or may secondarily complicate the management and patient compliance of treatment for other medical issues. Therefore, it is important that clinicians treating females obtain basic information regarding human sexual function and dysfunction. This chapter presents an integration of the clinical research as well as the author’s experience regarding sexual function and the management of sexual problems often presented in an obstetricgynecology practice.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/978-0-387-32328-2_20\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/04e9ece2db7458ea20e332dc6bfaeee3ee280f0b\",\n \"result_position\": 10,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 23479623,\n \"title\": \"2nd World Congress on Women’s Mental Health March 17–20, 2004, Washington, DC\",\n \"venue\": \"Archives of Women's Mental Health\",\n \"year\": 2005,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Abstracts.\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"s 2 World Congress on Women’s Mental Health March 17–20, 2004, Washington, DC Women’s wellbeing – global perspective Patt Franciosi, World Federation for Mental Health, Mequon, WI 53092, U.S.A., e-mail: francios@execpc.com Abstract: Globally a woman’s sense of psychological well-being is inextricably intertwined in the social-cultural fabric of her environment. Poverty, access to healthcare and education, domestic and sexual violence, stress related to multiple roles and gender discrimination are some of the major psycho social factors identified as having a significant impact on the mental health of women. This presentation will discuss the importance of the identification and modification of risk factors across the life span through research, policy and program development. Particular emphasis will be placed on the need for fostering social support networks for women within their cultural context, and the importance of listening to the stories women tell of their unique experiences and the individual meaning they give to their life stories. Strategies will be suggested for the creation of an advocacy agenda for women’s mental health, beginning with a brief review of the recommendations from the UN Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995 and the follow-up review conducted at a UN Special Session ‘‘Women 2000: Gender, equality, development and peace for the twenty-first century, Beijing þ5’’. This presentation will also focus on the need for building grassroots coalitions of individuals, organizations and consumers in order to provide an effective voice for gender equality and the empowerment of women. Globally a woman’s sense of psychological well-being is inextricably intertwined in the social-cultural fabric of her environment. Poverty, access to healthcare and education, domestic and sexual violence, stress related to multiple roles and gender discrimination are some of the major psycho social factors identified as having a significant impact on the mental health of women. This presentation will discuss the importance of the identification and modification of risk factors across the life span through research, policy and program development. Particular emphasis will be placed on the need for fostering social support networks for women within their cultural context, and the importance of listening to the stories women tell of their unique experiences and the individual meaning they give to their life stories. Strategies will be suggested for the creation of an advocacy agenda for women’s mental health, beginning with a brief review of the recommendations from the UN Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995 and the follow-up review conducted at a UN Special Session ‘‘Women 2000: Gender, equality, development and peace for the twenty-first century, Beijing þ5’’. This presentation will also focus on the need for building grassroots coalitions of individuals, organizations and consumers in order to provide an effective voice for gender equality and the empowerment of women. Social, cultural and economic perspectives Donna Stewart, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2N2, Canada, e-mail: donna.stewart@uhn.on.ca Literature References: Stewart, D. E., Stotland, N. L. (Eds.). (2001). Psychological aspects of women’s health care: The interface between psychiatry and obstetrics and gynecology. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Press Inc. WHO. (2001). Mental Health: New understanding, new hope. Geneva. Objectives: Participants will understand the multiple global social, cultural and economic factors which affect women’s mental health. Abstract: Women’s life experiences differ from those of men in may ways, including their lack of power in personal, work, economic, social, professional, and political relationships. They are the child bearers, and in most countries the child rearers, and many of them undertake double shifts at home and at work. Although biology plays a role in women’s health it is certainly not the only factor. Women’s mental health can only be understood by considering the context of their lives; biological, sociocultural, political and economic. The World Federation of Mental Health declared in 1996 that, ‘‘psychological stress often has social origins, discriminating against women in employment, education, food distribution, health care and resources for economic development rendering them vulnerable to physical and sexual violence, psychiatric disorders and psychological distress.’’ This presentation will focus on the global social, cultural and economic perspectives that impact women’s mental health. Delineation of the field Uriel Halbreich, SUNY at Buffalo, BioBehavior Research, Buffalo, New York 14214, U.S.A., e-mail: urielh@acsu.buffalo.edu Objectives: Participants will be able to discuss the domain of women’s mental health and its underlying processes. Abstract: Women’s Mental Health and women’s well being are increasingly recognized in most Western countries as a priority subject. However, in many societies local traditions, cultures and attitudes are an impediment for advancement of women’s social and physical well being. It is quite well-accepted that biological-medical as well as psychosocial and economic aspects should be considered in the assessment of the status of the individual woman. The socio-cultural economic aspects are even more important for achieving the goal of improvement of Women’s Mental Health in general. One of the first steps to achieving any goal is delineation of the domain at focus, and defining its sub territories, their evolving processes and their independence or multiple interactions and dependencies. Then, specific actions aimed at specific issues should be developed and pursued. The delineation of the domain, boundaries and uniqueness of women’s well being is a subject of differing opinions. Here, the domain is described with an attempt to conceptualize expanding circles from the core Women’s specific biology to Women’s Human Rights. Nature and nurture: impact of ovarian hormones on cognition and mood Bruce McEwen, Keith Akama, Wayne Brake, Karen Bulloch, Gist Croft, Andres Gottfried, Ssan Lee, Chenjian Li, Victoria Luine, Teresa Milner, John Morrison, Russ Romeo, Nora Tabori, Genevieve Yuen The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021, U.S.A., e-mail: mcewen@mail.rockefeller.edu Abstract: Besides affecting the hypothalamus and other brain areas related to reproduction, ovarian steroids have widespread effects throughout the brain, on catecholaminergic neurons and serotonergic pathways and the basal forebrain cholinergic system, as well as the hippocampus and amygdala. Because of the widespread influences of these various neuronal systems, ovarian steroids have measurable effects on affective state as Besides affecting the hypothalamus and other brain areas related to reproduction, ovarian steroids have widespread effects throughout the brain, on catecholaminergic neurons and serotonergic pathways and the basal forebrain cholinergic system, as well as the hippocampus and amygdala. Because of the widespread influences of these various neuronal systems, ovarian steroids have measurable effects on affective state as well as on cognition, with implications for dementia. One of the most interesting effects is the regulation of synapse turnover in the hippocampus of the female rat, mouse and rhesus monkey. In rat, where we know most about mechanism, the formation of new excitatory synapses is induced by estradiol (E) and involves NMDA receptors, and estrogen receptors (ER) whereas down-regulation of these synapses involves progesterone and intracellular progestin receptors. As far as the mechanism for synapse formation, besides NMDA receptor activation, inhibitory interneurons play a pivotal role as they express nuclear ER , and decreased GABAergic activity is believed to be involved. Considering the need for NMDA receptor activation, it appears likely that a more local regulation by E in the excitatory pyramidal neurons is also necessary. The rat hippocampus expresses both ER and ER . Although, at the light microscopic level, autoradiography shows nuclear 3Hand 125I-E uptake in a distribution that reflects the localization of ER -immunoreactive interneurons in the dorsal hippocampus, electron microscopic immunocytochemistry has revealed extranuclear ER immunoreactivity within select dendritic spines on hippocampal principal cells, axons, axon terminals and glial processes. These findings have led to studies of E regulation of signalling pathways involving PI3kinase and Akt phosphorylation, as well as CREB phosphorylation leading to transcriptional and translational events that increase production of key preand postsynaptic proteins. We have proposed a ‘‘distributed model’’ of E action including both genomic and non-genomic actions with inhibitory and excitatory neurons and include actions of estrogens preand post-synaptically as well as trans-synaptically. There is growing evidence that such E effects on synapses occur in other brain regions. Supported by NIH grants NS07080 and 5 P01 AG16765.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s00737-005-0095-7\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4269d2ec844ac77f329cfcecb1c4ff51916add6d\",\n \"result_position\": 11,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 45887960,\n \"title\": \"Time course of effects of testosterone administration on sexual arousal in women.\",\n \"venue\": \"Archives of General Psychiatry\",\n \"year\": 2000,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Tuiten\",\n \"J. Honk\",\n \"H. Koppeschaar\",\n \"C. Bernaards\",\n \"J. Thijssen\",\n \"Rien Verbaten\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1001/ARCHPSYC.57.2.149\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/627f12fea6f9f88e4d532b7ed1bd2df93a0ebf09\",\n \"result_position\": 12,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 232131369,\n \"title\": \"A survival of the fittest strategy for the selection of genotypes by which drug responders and non-responders can be predicted in small groups\",\n \"venue\": \"PLoS ONE\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"D. Höhle\",\n \"K. van Rooij\",\n \"J. Bloemers\",\n \"J. Pfaus\",\n \"Frits Michiels\",\n \"Paddy Janssen\",\n \"E. Claassen\",\n \"A. Tuiten\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Phenotype Prediction Scores (PPS) might be powerful tools to predict traits or the efficacy of treatments based on combinations of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs) in large samples. We developed a novel method to produce PPS models for small samples sizes. The set of SNPs is first filtered on those known to be relevant in biological pathways involved in a clinical condition, and then further filtered repeatedly in a survival strategy to select stabile positive/negative risk alleles. This method is applied on Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder (FSIAD), for which two subtypes has been proposed: 1) a relatively insensitive excitatory system in the brain for sexual cues, and 2) a dysfunctional activation of brain mechanisms for sexual inhibition. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over experiment was conducted on 129 women with FSIAD. The women received three different on-demand drug-combination treatments during 3 two-week periods: testosterone (0.5 mg) + sildenafil (50 mg), testosterone (0.5 mg) + buspirone (10 mg), or matching placebos. The resulted PPS were independently validated on patient-level and group-level. The AUC scores for T+S of the derivation set was 0.867 (95% CI = 0.796–0.939; p<0.001) and was 0.890 (95% CI = 0.778–1.000; p<0.001) on the validation set. For T+B the AUC of the derivation set was 0.957 (95% CI = 0.921–0.992; p<0.001) and 0.869 (95% CI = 0.746–0.992; p<0.001) for the validation set. Both formulas could reliably predict for each drug who benefit from the on-demand drugs and could therefore be useful in clinical practice.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1371/journal.pone.0246828\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/27f3864d8bcd004fd787293060d6242036b4736d\",\n \"result_position\": 13,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 249900710,\n \"title\": \"Clinical Study on the Use of Acupuncture for the Treatment of Female Sexual Dysfunction: A Pilot Study\",\n \"venue\": \"Sexual Medicine\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jun Zhang\",\n \"L. Ma\",\n \"X. Gong\",\n \"Sufang Luo\",\n \"Shuqin Zhao\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Introduction Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) seriously affects the quality of life of women. However, most women do not have access to effective treatment. Aim This study aimed to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of the use of acupuncture in FSD treatment based on existing clear acupuncture protocol and experience-supported face-to-face therapy. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 24 patients with FSD who received acupuncture from October 2018 to February 2022. The Chinese version of the female sexual function index , subjective sensation, sexual desire, sexual arousal, vaginal lubrication, orgasm, sexual satisfaction, and dyspareunia scores were compared before and after the treatment in all 24 patients. Main Outcome Measure A specific female sexual function index questionnaire was used to assess changes in female sexual function before and after the acupuncture treatment. Results In this study, the overall treatment improvement rate of FSD was 100%. The Chinese version of the female sexual function index total score, sexual desire score, sexual arousal score, vaginal lubrication score, orgasm score, sexual satisfaction score, and dyspareunia score during intercourse were significantly different before and after the treatment (P < .05). Consequently, participants reported high levels of satisfaction with acupuncture. This study indicates that acupuncture could be a new and effective technique for treating FSD. The main advantages of this study are its design and efficacy in treating FSD. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of FSD using the female sexual function index scale from 6 dimensions. The second advantage is that the method used (ie, the nonpharmacological method) is simple, readily available, highly safe with few side effects, and relatively inexpensive with high patient satisfaction. However, limitations include small sample size and lack of further detailed grouping, pre and post control study of patients, blank control group, and pre and post control study of sex hormones. Conclusion Acupuncture can effectively treat FSD from all dimensions with high safety, good satisfaction, and definite curative effect, and thus, it is worthy of promotion and application. Zhang JT, Ma L, Gong X, et al. Clinical Study on the Use of Acupuncture for the Treatment of Female Sexual Dysfunction: A Pilot Study. Sex Med 2022;10:100541.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.esxm.2022.100541\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/47710b86b9913747e08916b3709e36b5f4348a81\",\n \"result_position\": 14,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 199147589,\n \"title\": \"Aromatization Is Not Required for the Facilitation of Appetitive Sexual Behaviors in Ovariectomized Rats Treated With Estradiol and Testosterone\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Neuroscience\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"S. L. Jones\",\n \"S. Rosenbaum\",\n \"James Gardner Gregory\",\n \"J. Pfaus\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Testosterone can be safely and effectively administered to estrogen-treated post-menopausal women experiencing hypoactive sexual desire. However, in the United States and Canada, although it is often administered off-label, testosterone co-administered with estradiol is not a federally approved treatment for sexual arousal/desire disorder, partly because its mechanism is poorly understood. One possible mechanism involves the aromatization of testosterone to estradiol. In an animal model, the administration of testosterone propionate (TP) given in combination with estradiol benzoate (EB) significantly increases sexually appetitive behaviors (i.e., solicitations and hops/darts) in ovariectomized (OVX) Long-Evans rats, compared to those treated with EB-alone. The goal of current study was to test whether blocking aromatization of testosterone to estradiol would disrupt the facilitation of sexual behaviors in OVX Long-Evans rats, and to determine group differences in Fos immunoreactivity within brain regions involved in sexual motivation and reward. Groups of sexually experienced OVX Long-Evans rats were treated with EB alone, EB+TP, or EB+TP and the aromatase inhibitor Fadrozole (EB+TP+FAD). Females treated with EB+TP+FAD displayed significantly more hops and darts, solicitations and lordosis magnitudes when compared to EB-alone females. Furthermore, TP, administered with or without FAD, induced the activation of Fos-immunoreactivity in brain areas implicated in sexual motivation and reward including the medial preoptic area, ventrolateral division of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, the nucleus accumbens core, and the prefrontal cortex. These results suggest that aromatization may not be necessary for TP to enhance female sexual behavior and that EB+TP may act via androgenic pathways to increase the sensitivity of response to male-related cues, to induce female sexual desire.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fnins.2019.00798\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d6d235bd15d1dd1a302527cfac8b3abc48365bde\",\n \"result_position\": 15,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 39636101,\n \"title\": \"Role of androgens in female genital sexual arousal: receptor expression, structure, and function.\",\n \"venue\": \"Fertility and Sterility\",\n \"year\": 2002,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Traish\",\n \"Noel N Kim\",\n \"K. Min\",\n \"R. Munarriz\",\n \"I. Goldstein\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/S0015-0282(02)02978-3\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5829445d6f5d497fb23955ccfdca851556ce983c\",\n \"result_position\": 16,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 214781317,\n \"title\": \"Regulation of Sex Steroid Sex Hormones on Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (Cgrp)’S Mrna Expression in Vaginal Mucosa Epitel of Bilateral Ovarectomized Wistar Rats\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Luh Yenny Armayanti\",\n \"Nadya Tressna Wulansari\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"During menopause, there is a decrease in the level of synthesis of sex steroid hormones such as estrogen, progesterone and androgen. Dramatic changes in sex steroid hormone levels cause vulvovaginal atrophy which is characterized by vaginal dryness, atrophy, dyspareunia, and sexual arousal disorders. This mechanism is thought to be mediated by changes in the expression of calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP), a neuropeptide which is a potent vasodilator. This study aims to determine how sex steroid hormones regulate the expression of Calcitonin Gene-RealtPeptide (CGRP) mRNA in the vaginal mucosal epithelium of wistar rats with bilateral ovarectomy. A post-test only control group design research was conducted on 30 female rats. Menopausal state was induced by ovarectomy on bilateral ovaries. After two weeks the rats were divided into 3 groups: the control group (given 1 ml aquadest), the treatment group I (given a combination of estrogen (11 μg / day) + progesterone (180 μg / day) and the treatment group II were given a combination of estrogen (11 μg / day) + progesterone (180 μg / day) + testosterone (360 μg / day) . After 30 days the mice were terminated and the vaginal tissue was taken from 2/3 part of posterior vagina. CGRP’s mRNA expression was calculated using the real time Polymerase Chain Reaction (rtPCR) method. The average CGRP gene mRNA levels in the control, treatment I and treatment II group were 1.60 ± 0.24 fg / ul, 4.77 ± 1.39 fg /ul, 7.09 ± 1.63 fg /ul respectively. There were significant differences in the mean mRNA levels of the CGRP gene between each group. This result suggests that the administration of sex steroid hormones increase CGRP mRNA expression.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.13005/bpj/1885\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/777518ca5e316e55986819d9fe61fb1e8bff576d\",\n \"result_position\": 17,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 231935371,\n \"title\": \"Improving the sexual activity and reproduction of female zebrafish with high testosterone levels\",\n \"venue\": \"Scientific Reports\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Congcong Liu\",\n \"Sophie Yue\",\n \"J. Solarz\",\n \"Jessica Lee\",\n \"Lei Li\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"High levels of testosterone cause clinical symptoms in female reproduction and possibly, alterations in sexuality. Yet, the underlying mechanisms remain to be examined. Here, we report a study that investigates the effects of testosterone in follicle development and sexual mating using zebrafish models. We developed an acute zebrafish model with high testosterone levels by exposing young female zebrafish to testosterone dissolved in swimming water. After given a high concentration of testosterone treatment (e.g., 100 ng/ml), the fish showed hallmark pathological symptoms similar to those displayed in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), such as follicular growth-arrest, rare ovulation, ovary enlargement, decrease in reproduction, and down regulation of the expression of some PCOS susceptible genes, such as Tox3. These fish are referred to as the PCOS fish. By monitoring mating-like swimming behaviors, we measured the sexual activity of PCOS zebrafish. In general, the PCOS fish showed no desire to interact with males. As a consequence, their mating rate was decreased as compared to control animals. The sexuality levels of PCOS fish, however, could be improved after short periods of rearing in conditions that lack of males. After only 3 days of rearing alone, the PCOS fish showed an increase in sexuality levels and displayed characteristic swimming patterns for mating. After 30 days of separation from males, not only the sexual activity, but also the mating rate was improved in the PCOS fish. Together, the data suggests that zebrafish can serve as a new type of research model to further develop strategies for the treatment of reproductive disorders, such as those related to PCOS.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s41598-021-83085-4\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4ea2fff5fb91d4b3fe55d03cc50a9170f22ace55\",\n \"result_position\": 18,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 32058457,\n \"title\": \"Testosterone influences libido and well being in women.\",\n \"venue\": \"Trends in endocrinology and metabolism\",\n \"year\": 2001,\n \"authors\": [\n \"S. Davis\",\n \"J. Tran\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/S1043-2760(00)00333-7\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0fcb5c4611310c65a75f16e527447ad865af20e6\",\n \"result_position\": 19,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 10035565,\n \"title\": \"Brain Imaging of Human Sexual Response: Recent Developments and Future Directions\",\n \"venue\": \"Current Sexual Health Reports\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Gerben B. Ruesink\",\n \"J. Georgiadis\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Purpose of ReviewThe purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive summary of the latest developments in the experimental brain study of human sexuality, focusing on brain connectivity during the sexual response.Recent FindingsStable patterns of brain activation have been established for different phases of the sexual response, especially with regard to the wanting phase, and changes in these patterns can be linked to sexual response variations, including sexual dysfunctions. From this solid basis, connectivity studies of the human sexual response have begun to add a deeper understanding of the brain network function and structure involved.SummaryThe study of “sexual” brain connectivity is still very young. Yet, by approaching the brain as a connected organ, the essence of brain function is captured much more accurately, increasing the likelihood of finding useful biomarkers and targets for intervention in sexual dysfunction.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s11930-017-0123-4\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/aa716e7ce15dbf5efd900ae99363e2484f1aeffa\",\n \"result_position\": 20,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 7539004,\n \"title\": \"Menopause and sexual desire: the role of testosterone\",\n \"venue\": \"Menopause International\",\n \"year\": 2010,\n \"authors\": [\n \"R. Nappi\",\n \"F. Albani\",\n \"V. Santamaria\",\n \"S. Tonani\",\n \"E. Martini\",\n \"E. Terreno\",\n \"Emanuela Brambilla\",\n \"F. Polatti\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1258/mi.2010.010041\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/11c6a08c7448554bd18289223ae2cc5d59c91ab5\",\n \"result_position\": 21,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 265651727,\n \"title\": \"Understanding Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD) in Women: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment\",\n \"venue\": \"Cureus\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Vaishnavi Ronghe\",\n \"Krutika Pannase\",\n \"Kavita Gomase\",\n \"Manjusha G Mahakalkar\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD) is a complex and multifaceted condition that significantly impacts the sexual well-being and overall quality of life of women. This comprehensive review aims to provide a holistic understanding of HSDD by exploring its etiology, diagnostic criteria, treatment approaches, and broader societal implications. The review delves into the intricate interplay of biological factors, including hormonal changes and neurotransmitter imbalances, that contribute to HSDD. Psychological factors, such as relationship issues, body image, and stress, are examined with sociocultural factors like societal norms, cultural influences, and media portrayals of sexuality. Diagnostic criteria and assessment methods, including The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition criteria, and self-report questionnaires, are explored to facilitate accurate identification of HSDD and differentiation from other sexual disorders. The impact of HSDD on women's quality of life and relationships is examined, highlighting the emotional strain and interpersonal challenges associated with the disorder. Societal and personal consequences of untreated HSDD underscore the need for increased awareness and support. Treatment approaches encompass non-pharmacological interventions such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, sex therapy, and couples therapy and pharmacological interventions like hormone therapy and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Novel treatments like bremelanotide, flibanserin, and integrative strategies combining psychotherapy and lifestyle changes are discussed. Challenges and controversies surrounding HSDD, including the lack of consensus on diagnostic criteria, debates about the medicalization of sexuality, ethical concerns regarding pharmaceutical interventions, and cultural considerations, are addressed. Future directions in research, including advances in neurobiological understanding, personalized medicine, long-term treatment studies, and destigmatization initiatives, offer promising pathways for enhancing the management of HSDD.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.7759/cureus.49690\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8c93752db59becf75b6f15a608553e2d0c0013c7\",\n \"result_position\": 22,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 201831198,\n \"title\": \"Sexual Health in Menopause\",\n \"venue\": \"Medicina\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"I. Scavello\",\n \"E. Maseroli\",\n \"V. Di Stasi\",\n \"L. Vignozzi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Sexual function worsens with advancing menopause status. The most frequently reported symptoms include low sexual desire (40–55%), poor lubrication (25–30%) and dyspareunia (12–45%), one of the complications of genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM). Declining levels of sex steroids (estrogens and androgens) play a major role in the impairment of sexual response; however, psychological and relational changes related with aging and an increase in metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities should also be taken into account. Although first-line therapeutic strategies for menopause-related sexual dysfunction aim at addressing modifiable factors, many hormonal and non-hormonal, local and systemic treatment options are currently available. Treatment should be individualized, taking into account the severity of symptoms, potential adverse effects and personal preferences.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/medicina55090559\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bbcd4a12f73bbdb8124f15520d22d11cb92e9f8b\",\n \"result_position\": 23,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 11503267,\n \"title\": \"Recent Developments in Psychopharmaceutical Approaches to Treating Female Sexual Interest and Arousal Disorder\",\n \"venue\": \"Current Sexual Health Reports\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"S. Both\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Purpose of ReviewThis review summarizes the recent literature and empirical studies on psychopharmacological approaches to treating female sexual interest/arousal disorder (FSIAD).Recent FindingsSeveral new drugs for FSIAD that are intended to increase sexual responsiveness by influencing central excitatory and inhibitory neuromodulatory processes are under development. Studies on flibanserin resulted in the first approved medication for the treatment of low sexual desire in premenopausal women. New drugs under development are testosterone combined with sildenafil or buspiron, bremelanotide, BP101, and nasal testosterone (TBS-2).SummaryAlthough pharmacological enhancement of sexual responsiveness may be potentially helpful in the treatment of FSIAD, the observed effects of flibanserin and other new drugs under development seem limited in terms of clinical significance. Given the multifactorial character of FSIAD, it may be important to integrate psychopharmacological treatment with sex therapy for optimal treatment efficacy.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s11930-017-0124-3\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c2658e1663945605e09c157c8b4709064e5b0469\",\n \"result_position\": 24,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 3328950,\n \"title\": \"Androgens and Female Sexual Function and Dysfunction--Findings From the Fourth International Consultation of Sexual Medicine.\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Sexual Medicine\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"S. Davis\",\n \"Roisin N Worsley\",\n \"K. Miller\",\n \"S. Parish\",\n \"N. Santoro\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.jsxm.2015.12.033\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/57ae3a561403516f4a1e4dde13d7f27bbdd871e7\",\n \"result_position\": 25,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 31881909,\n \"title\": \"Increasing women's sexual desire: The comparative effectiveness of estrogens and androgens.\",\n \"venue\": \"Hormones and Behavior\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Maurand M Cappelletti\",\n \"K. Wallen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.11.003\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e80a74886c123f3da591664e4bcdc0d0d9a8d56c\",\n \"result_position\": 26,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 79780183,\n \"title\": \"Sexual Dysfunctions in Depression\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Shivananda Manohar\",\n \"T. Rao\",\n \"Suhas Chandran\",\n \"Shreemit Maheshwari\",\n \"Manju George\",\n \"Suman S. Rao\",\n \"F. Ahmed\",\n \"Sattar\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Sexual dysfunction is one of the common symptoms seen in depression. Presentations include decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, arousal difficulties and orgasm related dysfunctions. The probable causes of sexual dysfunction in such patients are complex and biological, psychological as well as psychosocial factors are likely to play an important role. Sexual dysfunction could also occur as an adverse effect of anti-depressants although it is difficult to establish whether the dysfunction is due to the illness or the medication. Awareness among professionals about sexual dysfunction is essential as it can have a profound impact in terms of relationship conflict, marital satisfaction, quality of life and compliance with treatment in patients with depression.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.4172/2572-0791.1000125\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/00203555b0fdb6eef46930da7035d78681014b64\",\n \"result_position\": 27,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 1363015,\n \"title\": \"Hormonal predictors of sexual motivation in natural menstrual cycles.\",\n \"venue\": \"Hormones and Behavior\",\n \"year\": 2013,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Roney\",\n \"Zachary L. Simmons\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2013.02.013\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c4b98649e2f850950a02b6ea5af32eeec0fc75f4\",\n \"result_position\": 28,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 271408224,\n \"title\": \"Salivary testosterone across the menstrual cycle.\",\n \"venue\": \"Hormones and Behavior\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Julia Stern\",\n \"Kathleen V. Casto\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Testosterone production in women is thought to systematically shift across the menstrual cycle, peaking during the mid-cycle ovulatory window, and potentially influencing women's behavior. Testosterone is a molecular intermediary to the production of estradiol, which is necessary for ovulation to occur, but the amount of testosterone escape and exposure to the peripheral tissues is not fully understood. Salivary testosterone is a common biomarker in behavioral neuroendocrinological studies and is thought to reflect the bioactive portions in serum. In N = 339 women with confirmed ovulation via luteinizing hormone tests, salivary testosterone, assayed with LC-MS/MS, was sampled four times across the mid-cycle ovulatory window the luteal phase. Within-subject analysis revealed a significant but small pattern of a mid-cycle peak and a luteal decrease at the aggregate level. However, at the individual level, there was substantial variability in the direction and magnitude of the testosterone-cycle pattern. We discuss the relevant underlying physiology, background research, issues with assay methodolody, and considerations for researchers studying testosterone levels in women.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105608\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/55f8d93a9799d1ad756d8d5afc0134ddae6fb18d\",\n \"result_position\": 29,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 235491580,\n \"title\": \"Testosterone-induced increase in libido in a patient with a loss-of-function mutation in the AR gene\",\n \"venue\": \"Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Case Reports\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Laura Marino\",\n \"A. Messina\",\n \"James S Acierno\",\n \"F. Phan‐Hug\",\n \"Nicolas J Niederländer\",\n \"F. Santoni\",\n \"S. La Rosa\",\n \"N. Pitteloud\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Summary Complete androgen-insensitivity syndrome (CAIS), a disorder of sex development (46,XY DSD), is caused primarily by mutations in the androgen receptor (AR). Gonadectomy is recommended due to the increased risk of gonadoblastoma, however, surgical intervention is often followed by loss of libido. We present a 26-year-old patient with CAIS who underwent gonadectomy followed by a significant decrease in libido, which was improved with testosterone treatment but not with estradiol. Genetic testing was performed and followed by molecular characterization. We found that this patient carried a previously unidentified start loss mutation in the androgen receptor. This variant resulted in an N-terminal truncated protein with an intact DNA binding domain and was confirmed to be loss-of-function in vitro. This unique CAIS case and detailed functional studies raise intriguing questions regarding the relative roles of testosterone and estrogen in libido, and in particular, the potential non-genomic actions of androgens. Learning points N-terminal truncation of androgen receptor can cause androgen-insensitivity syndrome. Surgical removal of testosterone-producing gonads can result in loss of libido. Libido may be improved with testosterone treatment but not with estradiol in some forms of CAIS. A previously unreported AR mutation – p.Glu2_Met190del (c.2T>C) – is found in a CAIS patient and results in blunted AR transcriptional activity under testosterone treatment.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1530/EDM-21-0031\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d3c71a907332658cefcec03d5ee916bf9ce3945f\",\n \"result_position\": 30,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 42886002,\n \"title\": \"Differential Effects of Testosterone and Estradiol on Clitoral Function: An Experimental Study in Rats.\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Sexual Medicine\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"P. Comeglio\",\n \"I. Cellai\",\n \"S. Filippi\",\n \"C. Corno\",\n \"Francesca Corcetto\",\n \"A. Morelli\",\n \"E. Maneschi\",\n \"E. Maseroli\",\n \"E. Mannucci\",\n \"M. Fambrini\",\n \"M. Maggi\",\n \"L. Vignozzi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.10.007\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/78fbbb004b174ea9e66dfadaf663f592417222b9\",\n \"result_position\": 31,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 258294990,\n \"title\": \"Regulation of female sexual behavior and possibilities of drug therapy\",\n \"venue\": \"Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"P. Kozlov\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Female sexual behavior is under the complex influence of psycho-emotional, neuroendocrine and social factors. The realization of normal sexual activity in women is possible if many conditions are met and, first of all, ensuring a positive psycho-emotional background, safety, a satisfactory state of health, as well as comfortable interpersonal relationships for most women. In addition to significant psychological and social impact, accumulated modern scientific data confirm the important role of neuro-hormonal regulation of sexual behavior and suggest the potential effectiveness of pharmacological therapy. Unfortunately, however, medical strategies for correcting female sexual disorders are limited. Currently, in some countries, several drugs that increase female sexual activity are allowed for use, however, all of them are not registered and are not approved for use on the territory of the Russian Federation. The article briefly describes the neural mechanisms of the main areas of the central nervous system underlying receptivity and sexual attraction, namely the olfactory and limbic systems, the neocortex. The main attention is paid to the function of neurotransmitters and hormones that are critically involved in the modulation of emotions and sexual behavior, including the inhibitory mediator of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), estrogens, testosterone, and the excitatory mediator glutamate. The stages of development, the results of experimental and clinical studies to assess the effectiveness and safety of the unique Russian neuropeptide drug Desirex, which is a stimulant of sexual behavior due to the mechanism of reversible suppression of the GABAergic system, nonspecific stimulation of the dopaminergic system of motivation and reinforcement of positive emotions and disinhibition of the controlling function of the neocortex, are presented in detail. \",\n \"doi\": \"10.21518/ms2023-063\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4a13bf0cb6d7f75d232546989f55d73164b82b92\",\n \"result_position\": 32,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 181727,\n \"title\": \"Testosterone for low libido in postmenopausal women not taking estrogen.\",\n \"venue\": \"New England Journal of Medicine\",\n \"year\": 2008,\n \"authors\": [\n \"S. Davis\",\n \"M. Moreau\",\n \"R. Kroll\",\n \"C. Bouchard\",\n \"N. Panay\",\n \"M. Gass\",\n \"G. Braunstein\",\n \"A. Hirschberg\",\n \"C. Rodenberg\",\n \"S. Pack\",\n \"H. Koch\",\n \"A. Moufarege\",\n \"J. Studd\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1056/NEJMoa0707302\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f08da2e8568df54783fb169b0f192ad803af23dd\",\n \"result_position\": 33,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 9945966,\n \"title\": \"Can sublingual testosterone increase subjective and physiological measures of laboratory-induced sexual arousal?\",\n \"venue\": \"Archives of General Psychiatry\",\n \"year\": 2002,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Tuiten\",\n \"J. van Honk\",\n \"Rien Verbaten\",\n \"E. Laan\",\n \"W. Everaerd\",\n \"H. Stam\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1001/ARCHPSYC.59.5.465\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a39368579e555f855e48133fc9648f6d187873aa\",\n \"result_position\": 34,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 278815628,\n \"title\": \"Sexual Functioning and Depressive Symptoms in Women with Postpartum Thyroiditis\",\n \"venue\": \"Diagnostics\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"K. Kowalcze\",\n \"G. Cucinella\",\n \"G. Gullo\",\n \"R. Krysiak\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Background/Objectives: The presence of autoimmune thyroiditis was found to be associated with an increased prevalence of sexual dysfunction. Women’s sexual health was not investigated in postpartum disorders of the thyroid gland. The aim of this study was to assess female sexual functioning and depressive symptoms in postpartum thyroiditis. Methods: This study compared four groups of non-lactating women who gave birth within 12 months before the beginning of the study: women with postpartum thyroiditis and overt hypothyroidism (group A), women with postpartum thyroiditis and subclinical hypothyroidism (group B), euthyroid females with postpartum thyroiditis (group C) and healthy euthyroid females without thyroid disease (group D). All patients completed questionnaires assessing female sexual function (FSFI), and the presence and severity of depressive symptoms (BDI-II). Moreover, we assessed thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies, as well as serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroid hormones, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), estradiol and prolactin. Results: The mean total FSFI score was lower in women with overt hypothyroidism (22.74 ± 4.12) than in the remaining groups of women, lower in groups B (25.71 ± 3.84) and C (29.67 ± 4.00) than in group D (32.15 ± 2.98), as well as lower in group B than in group C. Compared to healthy controls, both groups of women with postpartum thyroiditis and thyroid hypofunction had lower scores for all domains, while euthyroid patients with postpartum thyroiditis had lower scores for sexual desire, sexual arousal and lubrication. The total BDI-II score was highest in group A (15.6 ± 3.2) and lowest in group D (7.8 ± 3.2). Serum testosterone and DHEAS levels were lower while serum prolactin levels were higher in women with postpartum thyroiditis than in healthy subjects. The lowest testosterone levels (1.02 ± 0.35 nmol/L) and estradiol levels (190 ± 80 pmol/L) and the highest prolactin concentration (39.9 ± 13.9 ng/mL) were found in group A. Conclusions: The obtained results show that postpartum thyroiditis is complicated by multidimensional impairment of female sexual functioning, which is accompanied by mood deterioration. Severity of sexual dysfunction and depressive symptoms in this clinical entity depends on the degree of thyroid autoimmunity and hypothyroidism. It seems that assessment of sexual functioning and mood should be recommended to all women with postpartum thyroiditis.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/diagnostics15101286\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4261d5c432202601db601261b459f1667eb6dae6\",\n \"result_position\": 35,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 6461717,\n \"title\": \"Testosterone therapy in women: a review\",\n \"venue\": \"International journal of impotence research\",\n \"year\": 2005,\n \"authors\": [\n \"S. Bolour\",\n \"G. Braunstein\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/sj.ijir.3901334\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dcbcad30e257ccd8211147bc76c3c7e86e4ef561\",\n \"result_position\": 36,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 203623032,\n \"title\": \"Neuroanatomy and function of human sexual behavior: A neglected or unknown issue?\",\n \"venue\": \"Brain and Behavior\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"R. Calabró\",\n \"A. Cacciola\",\n \"D. Bruschetta\",\n \"D. Milardi\",\n \"F. Quattrini\",\n \"Francesca Sciarrone\",\n \"Gianluca la Rosa\",\n \"P. Bramanti\",\n \"G. Anastasi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Sexual desire, arousal, and orgasm are mediated by complex, yet still not fully understood, interactions of the somatic and autonomic nervous systems operating at the central and peripheral levels. Disruption of endocrine, neural, or vascular response, caused by aging, medical illness, neurological diseases, surgery, or drugs, can lead to sexual dysfunctions, thus significantly affecting patients' quality of life.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1002/brb3.1389\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6de00c54b95debe7fcc892c5671cb417ce49c496\",\n \"result_position\": 37,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 4337469,\n \"title\": \"Has testosterone passed the test in premenopausal women with low libido? A systematic review\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Women's Health\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"B. Reed\",\n \"Laurice Bou Nemer\",\n \"B. Carr\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Background There are limited evaluation and treatment options for low libido in premenopausal women. This review sought to evaluate the available evidence supporting the evaluation of testosterone serum levels and testosterone treatment of premenopausal women with low libido. Methods MEDLINE, PubMed, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for articles that referenced the evaluation of testosterone serum level and/or testosterone treatment on premenopausal women with low libido from 1995 to 2015. Additional references were obtained from the reference sections of other papers and from peer review. Studies that included only postmenopausal women were excluded. A total of 13 studies were reviewed in detail. Nine studies examined the relationship between testosterone serum levels and sexuality, an additional three studies examined the effect of testosterone treatment on premenopausal women with low libido, and one study examined both the topics. Results Six of the ten testosterone serum evaluation studies failed to show a significant association between testosterone serum level and libido. Only one out of four studies examining testosterone treatment in premenopausal women was able to show any clear improvement in libido; however, the effect was limited to only the intermediate dose of testosterone, with the low and high doses of testosterone not producing any effect. Conclusion The currently available evidence does not support testosterone serum evaluation or treatment in premenopausal women with low libido. Hence, further studies are warranted.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.2147/IJWH.S116212\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fa42424c09254c011ccfc63db8f43801066a58e6\",\n \"result_position\": 38,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 233928858,\n \"title\": \"Disability vs the sexual life of women - selected issues\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Katarzyna Plagens-Rotman\",\n \"G. Jarząbek-Bielecka\",\n \"Piotr Merks\",\n \"M. Mizgier\",\n \"W. Kędzia\",\n \"M. Wilczak\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Faculty ofMedicine, CollegiumMedicum, Cardinal StefanWyszyński University, 01-938Warsaw, Poland Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, CollegiumMedicum, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland Department of Dietetics, PoznanUniversity of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Culture in GorzówWielkopolski, 61-871 Poznań, Poland Department ofMother’s and Child’s Health, University ofMedical Sciences, 60-535 Poznań, Poland\",\n \"doi\": \"10.31083/J.CEOG.2021.01.2200\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/17cca14d8fc30113e79673044b453e9a8bb2e1b6\",\n \"result_position\": 39,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 9531389,\n \"title\": \"Comparison of Sexual Dysfunction in Women Using Depo-Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA) and Cyclofem\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of reproduction & infertility\",\n \"year\": 2015,\n \"authors\": [\n \"G. Ozgoli\",\n \"Z. Sheikhan\",\n \"M. Dolatian\",\n \"M. Simbar\",\n \"M. Bakhtyari\",\n \"M. Nasiri\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Background Sexual affairs are one of the physiological needs affecting human health. Sexual functioning disorders can reduce individual's capabilities and creativities. Sexual relations are in the center of women's quality of life. The most important family planning is to prevent unintended pregnancies. Injectable contraceptives protect women exposed to many complications and mortality due to unintended pregnancies, with tolerable effects on other aspects of women's life. An important aspect of women's life is sexual health. This study aimed to compare sexual function of women using DMPA with women using Cyclofem presented to health centers affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran in 2013. Methods This descriptive-comparative study was conducted on 240 women in health centers in Tehran, Iran. They were selected by multistage sampling. The data was collected using a questionnaire completed by interviewing. The questionnaire had 2 parts, demographic characteristic section and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent T-test, U-test, Chi-square, Fisher exact test. The p-value less than 0.05 were applied for all statistical tests as significance level. Results The difference in sexual function between Cyclofem and DMPA groups was insignificant, but in terms of sexual desire in DMPA users better than and sexual pain them less than in Cyclofem users, the difference between the groups was significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion In introducing hormonal contraceptive methods, health workers should emphasize their adverse effects on sexual function. Women who use Cyclofem and DMPA should be aware that they may experience some changes in libido and sexual pain.\",\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8e62e2aa899302c5d7c661cdfde11f0a73b74011\",\n \"result_position\": 40,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":87,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"The Resource-Based View (RBV) framework provides an understanding that AI technology in recruitment is a form of strategic asset that can provide a competitive advantage if it is developed in a unique way, is difficult to imitate, and is in accordance with the needs of the organization."},"query_timestamp":{"kind":"string","value":"2025-05-21T13:22:02.483781+00:00"},"thread_id":{"kind":"string","value":"69f9191f84e31f7d97548fee395f3b3def063f811c3b18250df0a64d9f3f51c0"},"num_shown":{"kind":"number","value":73,"string":"73"},"num_clicked":{"kind":"number","value":2,"string":"2"},"has_clicks":{"kind":"bool","value":true,"string":"true"},"shown_papers":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"corpus_id":257063522,"title":"Revisiting the resource-based view (RBV) theory: from cross-functional capabilities perspective in post COVID-19 period","venue":"Journal of Strategic Marketing","year":2023,"authors":["Sheshadri Chatterjee","Ranjan Chaudhuri","D. Vrontis","A. Thrassou"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT Due to ever-changing business context, researchers and academicians revisit established theories to examine their validity underdifferent evolving scenarios. Therefore, this study aims to examine the cross-functional capabilities of the organizations by revisiting the resource-based view (RBV) theory, especially focusing on thepost-COVID-19 period. This study also investigates the moderating role of the organization strategic management ability and itsinfluence on the performance of the organizations. After reviewing existing literature and applying RBV theory, a theoretical model was developed conceptually. Later, the conceptual model was validated using the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique with a survey of 342 usable respondents from 21 organizations. The study found thatRBV theory is useful and relevant for explaining organization cross-functional capabilities even in the post-COVID-19 period. We found that cross-functional capabilities have positively impacted overall organization capability, which then positively influences organization performance. The study also found that there is apositive moderating impact of strategic management ability onorganization performance.","doi":"10.1080/0965254X.2023.2182447","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c01894b7753bb5ff9b50f42912b2e6c9548a147c","result_position":0,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":268352068,"title":"Fourth industrial revolution and Human Resources Management: Evidence from developing economies","venue":"World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews","year":2024,"authors":["MbaUkweni","Sunday Adelani"],"abstract":"There is no gainsaying that Industry 4.0 further scales up human resources management capability and enable upper hand to organization, such that the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), characterizes the integration of digital, physical, and biological systems, with profound influence on HRM through the utilization of machine learning (ML) and the Internet of Things (IoT) from recruitment and selection, employee training and development, performance management, employee engagement and satisfaction, workforce planning and optimization, and data-driven decision making. It was against this background that this study engaged the Resource-based view to explain internet of things (IoT) and machine learning (ML) as constructs of human resource management to measure influence of Industry 4.0. Survey research design was adopted, and census sampling technique was used in the study. Sixty six (66) respondents were administered structured questionnaire that underwent validity and reliability test to ascertain survey validity, accuracy and consistency. The findings showed that there is significant effect of internet of things and machine learning on human resource management. Hence this study recommends that existing software, IoT, and sensors should be taken delivery of by the institution for the ICT unit to optimize her IoT interface. The study also recommends that ICT staff should be trained and re-trained on trending machine learning algorithms so they can build and use computer systems that are able to learn and adapt without explicit instructions.","doi":"10.30574/wjarr.2024.21.3.0551","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e36c330f708f13f0ab12b64583d52a56bc45cd2d","result_position":1,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":267377577,"title":"Generative artificial intelligence in supply chain and operations management: a capability-based framework for analysis and implementation","venue":"International Journal of Production Research","year":2024,"authors":["Ilya Jackson","Dmitry A. Ivanov","Alexandre Dolgui","Jafar Namdar"],"abstract":"This research examines the transformative potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in general and Generative AI (GAI) in particular in supply chain and operations management (SCOM). Through the lens of the resource-based view and based on key AI capabilities such as learning, perception, prediction, interaction, adaptation, and reasoning, we explore how AI and GAI can impact 13 distinct SCOM decision-making areas. These areas include but are not limited to demand forecasting, inventory management, supply chain design, and risk management. With its outcomes, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of AI and GAI's functionality and applications in the SCOM context, offering a practical framework for both practitioners and researchers. The proposed framework systematically identifies where and how AI and GAI can be applied in SCOM, focussing on decision-making enhancement, process optimisation, investment prioritisation, and skills development. Managers can use it as a guidance to evaluate their operational processes and identify areas where AI and GAI can deliver improved efficiency, accuracy, resilience, and overall effectiveness. The research underscores that AI and GAI, with their multifaceted capabilities and applications, open a revolutionary potential and substantial implications for future SCOM practices, innovations, and research.","doi":"10.1080/00207543.2024.2309309","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/14faed00db373d87bf90e8ee8f2c0dbbeed768dd","result_position":2,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":53511113,"title":"The resource-based theory of competitive advantage : implications for strategy formulation","venue":"","year":2018,"authors":["Michael Meskon"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.4324/9780080509778-6","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/62f3636bf03d5353354d2a51c6e913d6a5b2657e","result_position":3,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":260436026,"title":"Competitive Advantage","venue":"Encyclopedia of Sustainable Management","year":2021,"authors":["Lars Schweizer","E. Koscher"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-02006-4_365-1","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/03673c62fc8aa574a4f81e33ba5655a123384c84","result_position":4,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":236270799,"title":"The Resource-Based View, Resourcefulness, and Resource Management in Startup Firms: A Proposed Research Agenda","venue":"","year":2021,"authors":["S. Zahra"],"abstract":"The resource-based view (RBV) provides a rich framework for analyzing the role of a firm’s tangible and intangible resources in creating and sustaining competitive advantage. As a result, it has been widely used to explain entrepreneurial firms’ strategic choices that generate such an advantage. While researchers have established the usefulness of the RBV, they have overlooked the fundamental question of how entrepreneurial firms manage their resources to gain competitive advantage. This paper examines this issue in the context of independently owned startups, which typically lack resources, are constrained in their access to key resource providers, and have limited experience in assembling and managing resources. Adopting a broader conceptualization of startups’ resource management process, the paper identifies several questionable assumptions in related RBV-based research. Further, recognizing the limits of RBV to determine ex ante the nature and magnitude of entrepreneurs’ resourcefulness when managing their resources, the paper suggests linkages between the RBV and several entrepreneurship frameworks and outlines promising research questions.","doi":"10.1177/01492063211018505","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a1c153e41f2bd0b32df525e2c3012ae28e4f3ac2","result_position":5,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":256384348,"title":"Resource Based View (RBV) in Improving Company Strategic Capacity","venue":"Research Horizon","year":2022,"authors":["Nurul Wardani Lubis"],"abstract":"The growth of the industrial sector that continues to grow requires companies to have high competitiveness capabilities. Companies in order to survive in intensive competition and remain competitive with other companies are required to be able to innovate. One internal approach that can be used to create competitive advantage is to use a Resource Based View (RBV). This Resource Based View (RBV) method examines a company's assets, expertise, capabilities, and intangible assets, including the internal resources of the company, and determines its strategic advantage. The Resource Based View (RBV) approach highlights a company's capabilities and resources that are unique to that company and adds significant value for the company. Using the Resource Based View (RBV) theory which focuses on the resources owned by the company and its capabilities can provide an appropriate theoretical perspective for examining how internal factors can become resources to generate competitive advantage to increase the company's strategic capacity. Establishing a framework with a Resource Based View (RBV) approach for companies is expected to provide the right framework to have high competitiveness for companies originating from the management and use of company capacities and resources.","doi":"10.54518/rh.2.6.2022.587-596","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ae7adbfca30318ebae9c4165b63bfe66c964b225","result_position":6,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":239673698,"title":"The Business Model of Sustainable Competitive Advantage through Strategic Leadership Capabilities and Knowledge Management Processes to Overcome COVID-19 Pandemic","venue":"Sustainability","year":2021,"authors":["O. R. Mahdi"],"abstract":"In recent decades, particularly during the outbreak of COVID-19, businesses organizations have focused on knowledge management processes in order to attain a sustainable competitive advantage by creating human and social capital as strategic leadership capabilities. This paper aims to develop an integrated conceptual and theoretical framework that connects strategic leadership capabilities, knowledge management processes, and sustainable competitive advantage for the public and private organizations within the service industry. The model approach has been used to build a theoretical framework that predicts the relationships between the variables. To support the link between them, a systematic literature review of traditional and contemporary theoretical and empirical research studies is conducted. Through the combination of the related literature, propositions are established. This conceptual research is primarily comprised of a model and assertions concerning strategic leadership capabilities, knowledge management processes, and sustainable competitive advantage. The outcomes of this study reflect that strategic leadership capabilities can accomplish sustainable competitive advantage. They also have the greatest potential to impact sustainable competitive advantage via engaging the knowledge management processes. Particularly, there are significant implications of this study. Regarding the theoretical implication, it contributes to the resource-based view, knowledge-based view, and knowledge creation theory in supporting strategic leadership capabilities, knowledge management processes, and sustainable competitive advantage. To the practical implication, the study linked the concepts of research variables for public and private enterprises within the service industry. It can also enable strategic leaders and businesses owners to participate in real-time opportunities and determine threats for achieving a sustainable competitive advantage in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a preliminary study of the sustainable competitive advantage literature that includes the concept of strategic leadership as a knowledge management processes enabler for achieving a sustainable competitive advantage. Until now, there has not been any work like it in the literature, save in the qualitative style.","doi":"10.3390/su13179891","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1bc8b4b2e870a74295aa577992bc90dd8f2ea22c","result_position":7,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":259607170,"title":"Achieving the sustainable development goals through net zero emissions: Innovation-driven strategies for transitioning from incremental to radical lean, green and digital technologies","venue":"Resources, Conservation and Recycling","year":2023,"authors":["Sanjeev Yadav","Ashutosh Samadhiya","Anil Kumar K","Abhijit Majumdar","J. Garza‐Reyes","S. Luthra"],"abstract":"This work adopts a resource-based view for strategically managing firms ’ tangible and intangible resources based on lean and green philosophies to explore the role of digital technologies in achieving NZE and the SDGs.This research outlines three contemporary issues. First, it assesses the theory-driven approaches and real-world datasets from conference of parties (COP) meetings. Second, adopting the VRIO (Valuable, Rare, Inimitable, Organized) framework, 25 identified digital technology-based values are obtained by digitalization-based integrated lean-green approaches that may enable manufacturing firms to pursue SDGs via net-zero emissions. Four scenarios of digital technology adoption and integration level of lean and green manufacturing pathways are proposed, differentiated by the degree of radical/ incremental interests in innovation and sustainable advantage types. Third, the study highlights that the achievement of NZE by SDGs may be possible only by adopting digital technologies and high-level integration of lean and green.","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2023.107094","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fdeb7a2323c62c280b6bd25fc21ff32982ec3e9e","result_position":8,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":242051556,"title":"Manajemen Strategi : Kajian Teori Resource Based View","venue":"Coopetition","year":2021,"authors":["Rima Elya Dasuki"],"abstract":"This paper aims to analyze the framework of the Resource-Based View theory put forward by experts in strategic management, as well as to describe the SWOT framework, especially those related to strengths and weaknesses by identifying what are the strengths and capabilities of the company and avoiding weaknesses for competitive advantage. and is expected to be able to describe the concept of Resource-Based View and analyze the development of Resource-Based View theory in strategic management, and analyze the internal environment from the point of view of strengths and weaknesses that will help the company to be able to take advantage of existing opportunities and be able to avoid possible threats. arise, and analyze the company's capabilities that will affect the final product which includes dynamic skills, capacities, and resources. The research method used is based on a historical approach and literature review from the opinions of experts who discuss the theory of Resource-Based Value, both physical and non-physical in relation to capabilities and competencies in creating superior competitiveness, with the main study based on the opinion of strategic management experts. Mahoney Joseph T, J. Rajendran Pandian, 1992. This paper will be directed to the analysis of various opinions of economists regarding the resource framework that will produce a capability, namely the skills that exist in each individual. competitive of a company","doi":"10.32670/coopetition.v12i3.710","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1b227e63b1c17527c5512273ffbe667a5ff62ff8","result_position":9,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":199331872,"title":"Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage","venue":"","year":1991,"authors":["J. Barney"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1177/014920639101700108","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d52b773776bee17ae8f34f2feae9b40c776fbe13","result_position":10,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":18727889,"title":"A Resource-Based View of the Firm","venue":"","year":1984,"authors":["Birger Wernerfelt"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1002/SMJ.4250050207","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cba74c55908827c08e94d6a55053bf2497287131","result_position":11,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":167484845,"title":"DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES AND STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT","venue":"","year":1997,"authors":["D. Teece","G. Pisano","A. Shuen"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199708)18:7<509::AID-SMJ882>3.0.CO;2-Z","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/98c866fca6473ab62136477b7bd416b848f303f8","result_position":12,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":248781917,"title":"Impact of ICTs on Innovation and Performance of Firms: Do Start-ups, Regional Proximity and Skills Matter?","venue":"Sustainability","year":2022,"authors":["Khorshed Alam","M. Ali","M. Erdiaw‐Kwasie","Muhammad Shahiduzzaman","Eswaran Velayutham","P. Murray","Retha Wiesner"],"abstract":"Managers need to better understand how information and communication technologies (ICTs) lead to informed decisions about the investment and advantages of such technologies. However, at best, the empirical evidence on the business value of technology is mixed in relation to small firms. A total of 43 firms satisfied the study’s definition of start-ups. The final survey included 54 questions on access to and use of ICTs, innovation, firm characteristics, as well as the participants’ demographics, of which 11 factors were analyzed as part of this study. We found compelling evidence to support the positive effects of ICTs on firm-level innovation and performance based on the primary survey data of 270 small and medium enterprises (SMEs) operating in an Australian regional area. Moreover, we found that ICT strategies and skills are important factors that drive innovation and the overall performance of SMEs. In addition, various conditions, such as an agile workplace culture and international trade, can help firms improve their performance. Young businesses, particularly start-ups with ICT skills, show an improved innovation capability. However, remoteness appears to influence innovation negatively for nascent firms. Thus, managers should focus on improving ICT skills, strategies, and networking that help facilitate tangible ICT investments to foster innovation and growth.","doi":"10.3390/su14105801","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d3edf916443c4a2acf38fa22299beb365b2c08b0","result_position":13,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":149206224,"title":"The Resource-Based View: A Review and Assessment of Its Critiques","venue":"","year":2010,"authors":["J. Kraaijenbrink","J. Spender","A. Groen"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1177/0149206309350775","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/86bd67f3a39365360ecedfdc1c67a6782294b3e6","result_position":14,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":14960980,"title":"Strategic assets and organizational rent","venue":"","year":1993,"authors":["R. Amit","P. Schoemaker"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1002/SMJ.4250140105","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1d35850028ff93cad9418034689d585c9deba80e","result_position":15,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":1806521,"title":"The resource-based view within the conversation of strategic management","venue":"","year":1992,"authors":["Joseph T. Mahoney","J. Pandian"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1002/SMJ.4250130505","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0f675bdcc5d58283492fac7ed4829c9e0758ca08","result_position":16,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":168125317,"title":"The dynamic resource-based view: capability lifecycles","venue":"","year":2003,"authors":["C. Helfat","Margaret A. Peteraf"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.2139/SSRN.386620","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0e1b66ff4495fe7db0e1c16a34e12b62c50cdd4b","result_position":17,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":53452137,"title":"DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES, WHAT ARE THEY?","venue":"","year":2000,"authors":["K. Eisenhardt","Jeffrey A. Martin"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1002/1097-0266(200010/11)21:10/11<1105::AID-SMJ133>3.0.CO;2-E","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/00c67a6c7c38a95cd639846dbf764936713de0d9","result_position":18,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":167600209,"title":"The Complex Resource-Based View: Implications for Theory and Practice in Strategic Human Resource Management","venue":"","year":2004,"authors":["B. Colbert"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.5465/AMR.2004.13670987","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e99b295e848fd3d4f93ea3bac23601c9df58875f","result_position":19,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":266699359,"title":"Literature Reviews of RBV and KBV Theories Reimagined - A Technological Approach Using Text Analysis and Power BI Visualization","venue":"JOIV: International Journal on Informatics Visualization","year":2023,"authors":["Ikhwan Arief","Alizar Hasan","Nilda Tri Putri","Hafiz Rahman"],"abstract":"Over the years, the Resource-Based View (RBV) and Knowledge-Based View (KBV) have solidified their roles as pivotal paradigms in strategic management literature. With an emphasis on Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), this study uses text analysis and Microsoft Power BI to explore these concepts innovatively. The study implements a systematic literature review, extracting data from Scopus, Web of Science, and DOAJ databases to assemble a comprehensive literature corpus. The methodology incorporates text analysis to draw out key themes, relationships, and trends, and these are subsequently visualized using Power BI to create an engaging, interactive representation of data. Components like word clouds, co-occurrence networks, and trend lines are generated, while Power BI's dynamic filtering and drill-down functionalities facilitate thorough data investigation. The results display significant overlap between RBV and KBV, denoting possible integration junctures for these theories within the domain of strategic management. Additionally, the study underscores the relevance of these insights for SMEs, emphasizing the part played by unique resources, encompassing knowledge assets, in catalyzing innovation and fostering a competitive edge. The study concludes by recognizing the significant theoretical and practical implications of integrating text analysis and Power BI in conducting literature reviews. This methodology bolsters our understanding of RBV and KBV, offering small and medium-sized enterprises a beneficial instrument to traverse these intricate theories. The study suggests that future research could broaden the application of this methodological approach to encompass other strategic management theories.","doi":"10.30630/joiv.7.4.1940","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/30e0e41efa1118a2b7de4bd736d1cd7a321090e4","result_position":20,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":261552451,"title":"Digital Technologies Application and Competitive Advantage for MSMEs Sustainability and Market Performance","venue":"Ekuilibrium : Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Ilmu Ekonomi","year":2023,"authors":["D. S. Budiarto","Ayuk Amanda","Norraini Nordin"],"abstract":"The development of digital technology and intense competition have forced owners of small firms (MSMEs) to adapt technological developments to compete with competitors quickly. This study examines the effect of digitalization and competitive advantage on market sustainability and performance. This study used a qualitative method by distributing questionnaires to 166 MSMEs owners in Indonesia. The finding of this research indicate that digitalization and competitive advantage affect sustainability and market performance. This study's results suggest to MSMEs owners that technological proficiency is crucial for companies to survive in an uncertain environment.","doi":"10.24269/ekuilibrium.v18i2.2023.pp169-178","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5f2bd374dc80758aa1b6e8190817ab3cc5e20609","result_position":21,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":225216645,"title":"STRATEGIC AGILITY AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE OF OIL AND GAS MARKETING COMPANIES: THE MODERATING EFFECT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY CAPABILITY AND STRATEGIC FORESIGHT","venue":"International Journal of Advanced Research","year":2020,"authors":["Arokodare, M.A. (Ph.D)","Makinde G. O (Ph.D)","Fakunmoju S.K. (Ph.D)"],"abstract":"1. Department of Business Administration and Marketing, Babcock University, Illishan, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria. 2. Department of Accounting & Finance, Fountain University, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria. ...................................................................................................................... Manuscript Info Abstract ......................... ........................................................................ Manuscript History Received: 30 June 2020 Final Accepted: 31 July 2020 Published: August 2020","doi":"10.21474/ijar01/11627","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ba56aa2072bad7a4edff1cbfafa4034b0ee8f0f5","result_position":22,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":269097211,"title":"The Impact of Digital Transformation on the High-Quality Development of Enterprises: An Exploration Based on Meta-Analysis","venue":"Sustainability","year":2024,"authors":["Dong Liang","Jin Tian"],"abstract":"With the rapid development of the digital economy and digital technologies, the significance of digital transformation for high-quality enterprise development has been growing. Anchored in the framework of the Resource-Based View, this study employs a meta-analytic approach to systematically, quantitatively analyze 40 empirical studies published between 2010 and 2022. The aims are to synthesize and identify the impact mechanisms of digital transformation on high-quality enterprise development, while also further examining the moderating effects of heterogeneity. The findings reveal that digital transformation exerts a significantly positive influence on high-quality enterprise development through three mechanisms: factors related to innovation, factors linked to enterprise performance, and factors associated with capital market performance. Notably, irrespective of the degree of heterogeneity, both the primary effects of digital transformation on high-quality enterprise development and the moderating effects of various impact mechanisms are statistically significant. The results underscore the importance of digital transformation in driving high-quality enterprise development and offer valuable insights for relevant decision makers.","doi":"10.3390/su16083188","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/031f64c29615633e50bd277f241c3add9e3943da","result_position":23,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":16366124,"title":"Strategic Marketing and the Resource Based View of the Firm","venue":"","year":1999,"authors":["J. Fahy","A. Smithee"],"abstract":null,"doi":"","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/025b5aa7e682f4cbf1d7637a0bbe51a2a0d602e7","result_position":24,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":46854046,"title":"Resource-Based View of Information Systems: Sustainable and Transient Competitive Advantage Perspectives","venue":"Australasian Journal of Information Systems","year":2018,"authors":["Gaurav Gupta","Kevin Tee Liang Tan","Ee Yaw Seng","Cynthia Su Chen Phang"],"abstract":"The resource-based view (RBV), or resource-based theory, is one of the oldest and most influential theories in the field of information systems. This paper contends that it is timely to revisit, reflect on, and reposition RBV to ensure its continued disciplinary relevance and progress. In doing so, this paper (i) provides a succinct and sharp evaluation of the conventional RBV of information systems that firms use to establish sustainable competitive advantage, and (ii) makes an original contribution by introducing a contemporary RBV of information systems that firms can use to establish transient competitive advantage. Both these contributions should advance the current and future understanding of information systems as (a) an internal firm resource, (b) a source of competitive advantage, and (c) a driver of firm performance.","doi":"10.3127/AJIS.V22I0.1657","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d9e0e51ddee74accf13314168e33acec31407b51","result_position":25,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":226121210,"title":"Effect of Recruitment and Selection on Productivity of Selected Hospitality Firms in Lagos and Ogun States, Nigeria","venue":"International journal of business management","year":2020,"authors":["Mowaiye, Bolorunduro","A. O","A. B. B."],"abstract":"impact Nigeria Abstract: In an attempt to put natural resources into better use, developed and developing countries have been aiming for high productivity. The employees are often said to be the best asset of the organisation, this is because among the factors of production employees (labour) is the major one that controls all other factors of production; land, capital and enterprise, labour alone possesses a will of its own upon which the effective utilization of other factors depends. This makes it important for organisations to hire the best asset that can bring their desired performance. Therefore, this paper examines the effect of recruitment and selection on productivity of selected hospitality firms in Lagos and Ogun states, Nigeria. The data collected through the primary sources (questionnaire) were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics employing regression analysis. The study revealed a significant effect of recruitment and selection on the productivity of selected hospitality firms in Lagos and Ogun states(β= 0.387, t=5.946, p=0.001) and came to a conclusion and also recommend that for hospitality firms in Nigeria to yield their desire results in terms of productivity, they need to be more objective in the recruitment and selection of their This study as well as its findings made relevant contributions to knowledge in the following ways: The study contributed to knowledge in the concepts through the productivity discussed in relations to recruitment and selection. The study contributed to the new knowledge of the importance of recruitment and selection on the productivity in hospitality firms in Lagos and Ogun states. The study also contributed to the empirics by ascertaining the relevance of recruitment and selection on the productivity of hospitality firms. The study shows the linkage between recruitment and selection, and productivity both the independent and dependent variables contributed to this study in accordance with the existing knowledge. The study further contributed to theories by examining the effect of recruitment and selection on the productivity of selected hospitality firms in Lagos and Ogun states linked the study to resource based view. Resource based view focused on the relevance of recruitment and selection in business operations to attain competitive advantage over the competitors through capitalizing upon internal resources and competencies and their relative strengths. Though achieving a competitive advantage is a difficult job but sustaining the competitive advantage is more challenging than attaining it. The resources and capabilities need to be continuously upgraded and improved to ensure sustainable competitive advantage over the competitors and new entrants in the long run.","doi":"10.24940/theijbm/2020/v8/i1/bm2001-038","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4626b3637a34aeaf688ac86ec5ce818681482caa","result_position":26,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":267460965,"title":"Does ChatGPT change artificial intelligence-enabled marketing capability? Social media investigation of public sentiment and usage","venue":"Global Media and China","year":2024,"authors":["V. M. Ngo"],"abstract":"The recent advent of ChatGPT has stirred substantial attention and debates, potentially altering the dynamics across various industries, notably marketing. This pioneering study delves into the public reactions and applications of ChatGPT within marketing realms. Leveraging a text-mining methodology, a corpus of over 600,000 tweets harvested before and after ChatGPT’s launch from January 2021 to April 2023 was scrutinized to gauge public sentiment towards AI-incorporated tools in marketing, and to unearth the predominant themes within public discourse. Initial findings unveiled a buoyant public sentiment towards AI-facilitated tools, which however, ebbed in January 2023, driven by apprehensions regarding AI technology’s limitations and potential perils. Subsequent months witnessed a rebound in sentiment, stabilizing above the positive threshold, as Twitter users increasingly acknowledged ChatGPT’s prospective merits on employment and daily lives. However, compared to the period before the introduction of ChatGPT, there has been a decline in the general public’s sentiment towards AI in marketing. Furthermore, the analysis discerned a convergence in the core topics broached by the public concerning AI and ChatGPT’s ramifications on marketing. While the automation of mundane tasks and heightened customer experience were lauded, trepidations surrounding job displacement and the ethical quandaries of supplanting human labor with machines surfaced. This exposition recommends that enterprises meticulously assess the prospective impact of AI on their personnel, advocating for the judicious and ethical deployment of such emergent technologies.","doi":"10.1177/20594364241228880","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/78209e4912711b7e7c679e5212cf83e6bfc52074","result_position":27,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":17977804,"title":"The Critical Assessment of the Resource- Based View of Strategic Management: The Source of Heterogeneity of the Firm","venue":"","year":2005,"authors":["T. Akio"],"abstract":null,"doi":"","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3268271e4f7132eff02dda84461592624c922802","result_position":28,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":272106290,"title":"The impact of AI-enabled CRM systems on organizational competitive advantage: A mixed-method approach using BERTopic and PLS-SEM","venue":"Heliyon","year":2024,"authors":["J. Yoo","Junsung Park","Heejun Park"],"abstract":"The recent advances in machine learning and deep learning algorithms, along with the advent of generative AI, have led AI to become the “new normal” in organizations. This trend has extended to CRM, resulting in the development of AI-enabled CRM systems, or AI-CRM. Despite the growing adoption of AI as part of competitive strategies, many firms report minimal or no positive effect of AI on performance. This study addresses the research questions: “What are the critical features of AI-CRM systems?” and “How do these features impact organizational competitive advantage?” To explore this, we aim to identify key characteristics of AI-CRM and assess their impact on organizational performance. In Study 1, we utilize BERTopic topic modeling to extract critical features of AI-CRM from user reviews. Study 2 employs PLS-SEM to examine how these features influence organizational competitive advantage. Study 1 reveals four main characteristics of AI-CRM (general, marketing, sales, and service/support), each comprising distinct features. Study 2 shows that these characteristics differentially impact CRM capability, significantly affecting performance and competitive advantage. The findings offer valuable insights for both theory and practice regarding the effective use of AI in organizations.","doi":"10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36392","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2b9e5cf825a9ec10931dfde2464588894c2a1734","result_position":29,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":257350323,"title":"Cost and Administrative Effectiveness of Recruitment and Selection Practices on Public Service Delivery in Public Sector Institutions","venue":"European Journal of Business and Management Research","year":2023,"authors":["Hadie Konateh","E. K. Duramany-Lakkoh","E. Udeh"],"abstract":"The quality of human resources of every nation greatly determines its development. Therefore, a well-functioning recruitment and selection system can screen and identify candidates with the skills, qualifications and professional competence to effectively perform public and civil servant tasks. Given this context, this study examines the role of recruitment and selection practices in public service delivery focusing on the perspectives of the Public Service Commission (PSC). The following objectives were established; to examine the recruitment and selection practices and structures, to assess the effect of recruitment and selection on public service delivery, to investigate public recruitment and selection strategies and to assess the challenges affecting effective public recruitment practices at PSC. In order to assess the effectiveness of different recruitment and selection practices of civil and public servants, an exploratory case study design was used whereby qualitative data was collected using interviews and questionnaires to provide an insight and identify the extent to which the Public Service Commission applies recruitment and selection practices. The study used a simple random sampling technique and the sample size of this research was 40. The findings revealed that the more effectively MDAs recruit and select candidates, the more likely they are to hire and retain satisfied employees. Hence, investing in the development of a comprehensive and valid selection system is critical for better service delivery. The result showed that PSC has a structured recruitment and selection system to recruit and select personnel for public service. The better and clearer recruitment/selection processes, the more qualified staff are hired. The findings further revealed that quality human resource, credible and efficient recruitment process backed by better recruitment strategy are critical to improved public service delivery. By extension, the findings showed serious challenges in human resources in the public sector as recruitment and selection procedures tend to conflict with the requirement of ethic representativeness. In conclusion, the study has established that recruitment and selection is a key component of human resource management and thus a building block of national development and success.","doi":"10.24018/ejbmr.2023.8.2.1814","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d907ab258626cf2bba6abefa882c152091f2d513","result_position":30,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":268649699,"title":"Technology Adoption as a Factor for Financial Performance in the Banking Sector Using UTAUT Model","venue":"African Journal of Commercial Studies","year":2024,"authors":["Collins Masumbuko","Jackson Phiri"],"abstract":"This study investigated the complex relationship between technology adoption and the overall performance of selected Zambian banks. The analysis focuses on four prominent banks in Lusaka, namely Zanaco, Atlasmara, Stanbic, and FNB, which were selected based on characteristics such as footprint and income. The time frame is from 2015 to 2020, allowing for a complete examination of trends in the ever-changing banking business. The study used a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative financial data analysis with qualitative analysis. Data was gathered through the examination of financial reports, industry databases, interviews with banking specialists, and surveys. For the quantitative and qualitative data, statistical analysis and theme coding were used, respectively. The study aimed to provide significant insights to academia, the banking sector, and industry stakeholders by providing a comprehensive understanding of how technology adoption impacts the performance landscape of banks in Zambia. The findings revealed a positive correlation between technology adoption and financial performance with a Pearson’s two-tailed coefficient of 0.6. The study also investigated perceptions around IT platform stability and total bank efficiency, demonstrating a strong belief in the performance-enhancing potential of a reliable IT infrastructure.","doi":"10.59413/ajocs/v4.i2.5","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/77c458d46f98362e95f723608d5a2ef844a58490","result_position":31,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":277104462,"title":"The impact of artificial intelligence technology on cross-border trade in Southeast Asia: A meta-analytic approach","venue":"","year":2025,"authors":["Jun Cui"],"abstract":"This study investigates the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) technology on cross-border trade using a qualitative content analysis approach. By synthesizing existing empirical studies, we aim to quantify the overall effect of AI on trade flows and identify the key moderating and mediating variables. Besides, our results show that AI adoption significantly increases trade volumes in Southeast Asia. Likewise, these effects are stronger in regions with advanced technological infrastructure and favorable regulatory frameworks. In addition, Trade firm size partially mediates the relationship between AI technology and trade performance. Furthermore, this study draws on several key theoretical frameworks that provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms through which AI technology is affecting cross-border trade in Southeast Asia. The primary theories used in this research include the technology, organization, and environment (TOE) framework, the diffuse innovation (DOI) theory, Dynamic Capabilities Theory, Comparative Advantage Theory, Network theory, Transaction Cost Economics (TCE), the resource-based view, and the institution theory. Consequently, this study contributes to the existing literature by providing a comprehensive analysis of the role of AI in international trade and highlighting the importance of contextual factors in maximizing the benefits of AI. Thus, our findings underscore the need for favorable policies and robust infrastructure to facilitate AI-driven trade growth. A discussion of limitations and future research directions will also be part of the report in Southeast Asia Trade.","doi":"","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/787a08a32028277a7fae7702acf81e9e1c4fcd2d","result_position":32,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":271164475,"title":"Intangible assets, firm value, and performance: does intangible-intensive matter?","venue":"Cogent Economics & Finance","year":2024,"authors":["Panern Intara","Nittikorn Suwansin"],"abstract":"Abstract This study examines the effects of intangible assets and all components of intangible assets on Thai-listed companies’ firm value and performance. The aggregate value of intangible assets and three components of intangible assets, namely identifiable intangible assets (IIA), goodwill (GW), and research and development (R&D), were used as test variables. Firm value, measured by Tobin’s Q, and two measurements of firm performance, return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE), were used as dependent variables. The final sample includes 3,701 observations for ten years from 2012 to 2021 in Thailand. Ordinary least square (OLS) was employed to test the hypotheses. Estimated results show that the aggregate value of intangible assets affects firm value positively. When the aggregate value of intangible assets was classified into three components, IIA positively impacted firm value. In contrast, GW and R&D positively impacted both firm value and performance. We further separated our observations into two groups based on the intangible-intensive profile (IIP). We confirmed that the positive impacts of IIA, GW, and R&D on firm value and performance were higher for IIP firms than for non-IIP firms. Impact statement This study explores the impact of intangible assets on the value and performance of Thai listed companies. We focused on three main components: identifiable intangible assets (IIA), research and development (R&D), and goodwill (GW), along with the aggregate of intangible assets (IA). Results show that these assets positively affect firm value and performance, especially in firms with high intangible-intensive profiles (IIP). The findings highlight that internal processes and unique, inimitable resources drive a firm’s success. Intangible assets collectively contribute to value creation. For executives, prioritizing intangible assets can enhance performance and competitiveness. Investors should focus on intangible assets, particularly R&D, when evaluating stocks. This study contributes to the literature by clarifying the role of intangible assets in firm performance and value, particularly concerning intangible-intensive profiles.","doi":"10.1080/23322039.2024.2375341","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d228bf6bca8fd748567b07e8fb201ec421dce5d5","result_position":33,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":234230102,"title":"Factors Affecting Outbound Open Innovation Performance in Bio-Pharmaceutical Industry-Focus on Out-Licensing Deals","venue":"","year":2021,"authors":["Eungdo Kim","I. Lee","Hongbum Kim","Kwangsoo Shin"],"abstract":"Due to the high risk in development process, the bio-pharmaceutical industry has transformed itself into an open innovation framework in order to overcome economic risk. This study examines the relationship between outbound open innovation and financial performance in bio-pharmaceutical industry. Specifically, this study extends knowledge-based view to link the open innovation performance and licensor’s sustainability. In order to provide empirical evidence, this study uses econometric methodology with several databases including bio-pharmaceutical firms. The analysis shows firm’s desorptive capabilities have a significant effect on financial performance, confirming the application of knowledge capacity framework. The result of the study can suggest the way how the licensors can maintain the sustainability of competitiveness in bio-pharmaceutical industry.","doi":"10.3390/SU13084122","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e3a148bbae223c3990dba06ad54c21dffbf95a49","result_position":34,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":270291107,"title":"Role of Artificial Intelligence in Revenue Management and Pricing Strategies in Hotels","venue":"Journal of Modern Hospitality","year":2024,"authors":["Anthony Gatera"],"abstract":"Purpose: The general objective of the study was to investigate the role of Artificial Intelligence in revenue management and pricing strategies in hotels. \nMethodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. \nFindings: The findings reveal that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to the role of Artificial Intelligence in revenue management and pricing strategies in hotels. Preliminary empirical review revealed that the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into revenue management and pricing strategies significantly enhanced the financial performance and operational efficiency of hotels. AI's ability to process large datasets in real-time improved demand forecasting and dynamic pricing, leading to increased revenue per available room (RevPAR) and average daily rate (ADR). Additionally, AI facilitated personalized guest experiences, boosting customer satisfaction and loyalty. Despite these benefits, the study identified challenges such as high implementation costs, data privacy concerns, and the need for robust data infrastructure. Addressing these issues through strategic planning and continuous staff training was deemed essential for maximizing AI's potential in the hotel industry. \nUnique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Diffusion of Innovations theory, Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Resource Based View (RBV) may be used to anchor future studies on the role of AI in revenue management and pricing strategies in hotels. The study concluded that integrating AI into hotel revenue management and pricing strategies significantly enhances performance, contributing to both theoretical and practical advancements. It enriched the Diffusion of Innovations Theory by demonstrating factors influencing AI adoption in hospitality. Practically, it provided actionable insights for hotel managers on leveraging AI for improved key performance indicators and balancing dynamic pricing with customer satisfaction. Policy recommendations included establishing guidelines for AI implementation, enhancing data infrastructure, fostering a culture of innovation, and addressing skills gaps through training and development programs. The study emphasized the need for robust data management systems and regulatory support to facilitate AI adoption.","doi":"10.47941/jmh.1957","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a6fe8495c32c8ab23839558ca59d40f43299aeed","result_position":35,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":273202057,"title":"Haste Makes Waste: A Moderated Mediation Model of the Mechanisms Linking Artificial Intelligence Advancement to Film Firm Performance","venue":"International Journal on Cybernetics & Informatics","year":2024,"authors":["Zexia Wang","Wucheng Han"],"abstract":"Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in the modern film industry, revolutionizing production processes and redefining audience experiences. This study delves into the mechanisms through which AI advancement impacts film firm performance, with a focus on the mediating roles of innovation speed and quality, and the moderating effect of human-machine collaboration. Employing a resource-based view, we construct a moderated mediation model and analyze data from 355 global film firms. Our findings reveal that AI advancement positively influences film firm performance, with innovation quality serving as a significant mediator. However, the mediating role of innovation speed is not pronounced. Moreover, the degree of human-machine collaboration positively moderates the relationships between AI advancement and both innovation speed and quality. However, its moderating role between AI advancement and firm performance is not significant. The study underscores the theoretical and practical implications of utilizing advanced AI to foster innovation and competitive advantage in film firms.","doi":"10.5121/ijci.2024.130510","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/36a7b083901dbe344f27851ac07c393ff76a69b8","result_position":36,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":270133052,"title":"Organizational Planning and Business Human Resource Management: A Systematic Qualitative Review","venue":"Business and Investment Review","year":2024,"authors":["st Dyah","A. Kusumaningrum","Agung Winarno"],"abstract":"Sustainability in accomplishing organizational objectives is highly dependent on HRM and organizational planning. Organizations confront more complicated problems in today's corporate world because of globalization, sustainability demands, and fast technological progress. In today's business world, effective organizational planning and human resource management techniques are critical for companies to stay competitive and adaptable. This systematic qualitative evaluation aims to examine different methods and practices in human resource management and organizational planning by reviewing a large body of literature. The major goals of this review are to (1) identify current trends, (2) assess the advantages and disadvantages of these trends and solutions, and (3) assess the effect of these tactics on the performance of businesses across different industries. This review sheds light on the relationship between organizational sustainability, HRM practices, and strategic planning by synthesizing and analyzing pertinent papers using a rigorous and open methodology. The results of this review provide scholars and practitioners with actionable advice to improve the efficiency and longevity of organizations.","doi":"10.61292/birev.110","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f7c664e56e78e367123b5ac2fdd8545bb2a6a280","result_position":37,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":268829930,"title":"Breaking Barriers: Unraveling the Complexities of HR Tech Integration","venue":"PRODUCTIVITY","year":2024,"authors":["Ahmad Muktamar","Nurnaningsih A Nurnaningsih A"],"abstract":"This research aims to explore the factors that influence technology adoption by the Human Resources (HR) Department. The research method used is a systematic literature review using academic databases of international reputation over the last ten years. Research findings indicate that factors such as organizational culture, technology adoption, HR competencies, HR analytics, technology availability and accessibility, symbolic adoption, and organizational factors play an important role in HR technology adoption. An organizational culture that supports innovation and technology, as well as the technological competence possessed by HR personnel, are significant factors in influencing technology adoption. Additionally, adequate technology availability and strong organizational support were also found to contribute to higher technology adoption rates. The implications of this research indicate the need for organizations to pay attention to these factors in an effort to increase HR technology adoption. Suggestions for future research include longitudinal research to evaluate the long-term impact of HR technology adoption, as well as research across industries and cultural contexts to understand the factors that influence HR technology adoption more broadly.","doi":"10.62207/8c2wpp17","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/863d0a7160f85e449500219fc4579af5b8d4911b","result_position":38,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":271439468,"title":"Proposed Business Strategic Improvement to Accelerate Waste Management Business Unit at Building Materials Company (Case Study at Cement Inc)","venue":"International Journal of Current Science Research and Review","year":2024,"authors":["Merdiano Buyung Maulana Rachman, S.T.","Yudo Anggoro, M.S.M., Ph.D."],"abstract":"The rising environmental concerns and regulatory measures in Indonesia have created new opportunities for the expansion of waste management services in the cement sector, specifically by utilizing thermal technology. The Waste Management Unit (WMU) of Cement Company presents substantial strategic opportunities for expansion and development. After undergoing a merger and acquisition, Cement Inc experienced a transformation and has now become a state-owned firm. This change offers WMU Cement Inc further opportunities for growth and expansion. The objective of this research is to identify the most effective strategy for the Waste Management Business Unit within the Cement Company using the Analytical Hierarchy Process. The study explores three fundamental research question: (1) What is the current situation for WMU Cement Inc in terms of market, money, customer, and organization? (2) What are the obstacles inside the organization and in the external environment that hinder the acceleration of waste management services in Indonesia, resulting in limited value creation for the company? (3) What are the suggested recommendations and strategic choices for the company to enhance its value absorption? The study used the SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) and AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) framework to perform a comprehensive evaluation and evaluate three strategic options for the waste management division: retaining it within the cement firm, expanding it to the cement group as a whole, or establishing it as an independent entity. The results of this study indicate that the most favorable choice (40.6%) is to establish WMU as a separate entity, which offers greater advantages compared to fully integrating with the parent company (30.9%) and keeping the current business operations (28.4%). By creating WMU as an independent organization, it may effectively avoid market and pricing cannibalization amongst its subsidiaries and optimize operations. WMU Cement Inc possesses the capacity to assume a leading role in waste management services by offering waste solutions to all SIG subsidiary plants and other cement makers, including ITP. The benefits of this method include autonomous operations, targeted management, rapid decision-making, and varied income streams achieved via the cultivation of specialized skills and expertise in waste management. This decision presents a chance to attract targeted investments and collaborations that promote innovation and expansion in waste management.","doi":"10.47191/ijcsrr/v7-i7-64","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8d6cd53331222d59f04d91686f35456793c5a491","result_position":39,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":263807727,"title":"Now and Future Challenges of the Automobile Industry in the Developing World","venue":"E3S Web of Conferences","year":2023,"authors":["S. Monye","S. Afolalu","S. L. Lawal","Toluwalope Tomisin Gisanrin","Ojo Augustine Oluwatoyin","Adewale George Adeyemi"],"abstract":"The automotive sector has fuelled economic expansion in several countries. The automotive industry is changing quickly in the areas of response to shifting consumer tastes, the adoption of stronger government rules, and technology innovation. This study examines the current and future challenges faced by the automotive industry in developing countries and explores strategies for fostering growth and addressing these challenges. The automobile industry in developing countries confronts various obstacles, like infrastructure limitations, environmental concerns, lack of skilled workforce and market competitiveness. These challenges hinder the industrial growth and sustainability. However, there are also promising opportunities and future trends that can reshape the industry, such as electric vehicles, autonomous and connected vehicles, shared mobility services, advanced manufacturing techniques, and sustainable materials. To overcome these challenges and promote growth, several recommendations are proposed. These include: infrastructure development to improve accessibility, skill development programs to address skilled workforce shortage and effective policies. By addressing these challenges and implementing the recommended strategies, developing countries can advance growth, improve sustainability, and create a vibrant and competitive automobile industry. Conclusively, collaboration between governments, industry players, academia, and research institutions are vital for overcoming challenges, and achieving long-term success in evolving automotive landscape.","doi":"10.1051/e3sconf/202343001221","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/63727540f219f15e3158c786b00b8ad368cc226b","result_position":40,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":268882722,"title":"Strategic Model for SMEs: A Conceptual Framework for Navigating Business Success in South Sumatra","venue":"PaperASIA","year":2024,"authors":["Ardio Sagita","Mohd Salahudin Shamsudin","Azahari Ramli"],"abstract":"This study focuses on the development of a strategic model to enhance the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Recognizing the significant contribution of SMEs to national GDP globally, particularly in Indonesia, this study focuses on South Sumatra to explore tailored approaches for SME optimization in the region. The study presents an in-depth analysis of the relationship between business strategy and SME performance, considering the business environment of South Sumatra as a key moderating factor. The study aims to provide actionable insights and strategies for SMEs in South Sumatra by offering a comprehensive framework that aligns strategic initiatives with regional market dynamics. This endeavor is geared towards boosting their performance and, consequently, their contribution to the broader Indonesian economy. The ultimate goal is to establish a robust, adaptable model for SME success in varied economic landscapes, with a particular focus on the distinctive challenges and opportunities in South Sumatra.","doi":"10.59953/paperasia.v40i2b.90","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5620cf1824cca94e3278c08a17ecaabdc8db923c","result_position":41,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":268224236,"title":"Board diversity and value creation for business sustainability","venue":"Journal of Asian Scientific Research","year":2024,"authors":["Aida Maria Ismail","Ariff Ali"],"abstract":"The primary objective of a firm is not the creation of profit; it is the creation of value for shareholders. Corporations need to be innovative to create value, and this entails the need for corporations to embark on research and development (R&D) endeavors. This study’s objective is to determine the impact of Malaysian publicly listed companies’ board diversity (qualification, gender, and age) on the intensity of companies’ R&D investment. In conjunction with the 2017 Malaysian Code on Corporate Governance’s, which took on a new approach that promotes board diversity in corporate governance culture, samples were selected from the Minority Shareholders Watch Group ’s Malaysia: List of Top 100 Companies Overall CG & Performance (By Rank) from 2017-2019, which portrayed good corporate governance practices. The agency theory and the resource-based view were integrated to explain the effects of board diversity on R&D investment. Tests and analysis were conducted, and the results indicated that only age diversity had a positive influence on R&D investment. Practitioners could use the findings of this study to choose the ideal board composition for a company looking to gain a competitive edge. Regulators could also use this study to develop good corporate governance procedures for Malaysian publicly traded companies. The findings of this study may not truly portray the overall industries listed in Bursa Malaysia, as the samples used were limited and the data of certain companies was unavailable.","doi":"10.55493/5003.v14i1.4993","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e3228a22095ba6c16ed33b201e7ecb0ca0f385cb","result_position":42,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":259925016,"title":"An Enterprise View for Artificial Intelligence Capability and Governance: A System Dynamics Approach","venue":"Digit. Gov. Res. Pract.","year":2023,"authors":["L. Luna-Reyes","T. M. Harrison"],"abstract":"The government “enterprise” consists of a complex set of organizations with a multitude of goals and values, serving an equally diverse group of constituents. Because of this complexity, governing technology and data to support artificial intelligence (AI) capability has proven to be a difficult task that—according to experts—requires a systems perspective in its design and implementation. In this article, we take a conceptual approach to respond to this call from experts by providing working definitions of both enterprise data governance and a systems approach to management. Using these working definitions and data from municipal governments in Mexico, we develop a system dynamics model to explore some potential tradeoffs in the process of developing an enterprise view of information systems and data to create capability to develop AI applications in government. Simulation experiments suggest that an emphasis on governance of IT may create a strong foundation for the development of AI capability.","doi":"10.1145/3609228","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/de239e5884cd7e01706e61342cf0824ee322ccfb","result_position":43,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":260039129,"title":"Technology orientation and sustained competitive advantage in star rated hotels in Kenya","venue":"The University Journal","year":2023,"authors":["Robert Muriithi","J. M. Ngari","Zoni M Mwangi"],"abstract":"Luxury hotels face an increasingly complex environment that calls for ingenuity in sustaining competitive advantage. This paper examinesthe influence of technology orientation on sustained competitive advantage in four- and five-star hotels in Kenya. The study was anchored on the resourcebased viewdue to its support for sustained competitive advantage and internal resources inhighly competitive environments. The study followed the positivism research paradigm and applied a descriptive correlational research design. The sample comprised 283 senior managers and a five-point Likert scale questionnaire was used to collect data. Structural Equation Modelling was used to analyze structural relationships and test hypothesis. The results established that technology orientation had a positive and significant influence (p<0.05) on sustained competitive advantagein the operations of four-and five-star hotels. The study concluded that constantly and creatively upgrading technology standards for front desk, reservations and in-room amenities enhanced technology orientation. The study has implications for industry stakeholders and policymakers toinvest in research and development, acquisition of new technology and application of the latest technologies.","doi":"10.59952/tuj.v5i1.136","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8b23995bcc2de76303d09771c526c8eb6e582218","result_position":44,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":267175942,"title":"Managing Product Features and Customer Satisfaction via Product Development, Product Branding, and Product Packaging: Evidence from CWAY Table Water","venue":"Marketing and branding research","year":2023,"authors":["Oyenuga Micahel Oyedele","Ekweogwu Fredrick"],"abstract":"Customer satisfaction has become a source of worry to most organizations, including the table water business. The table water industry is one of the most competitive markets in Nigeria today and due to its portability and affordability, it is seen as a lucrative trade to venture into. However, this has also led to the proliferation of mushroom table water companies and has made it difficult for some companies to maintain their customer base. Therefore, this study examines the effect of product features on customer satisfaction of veritas table water. The population of this study comprised of 3037 customers of CWAY Table Water Abuja, Nigeria. The sample size of 353 was derived through Taro Yamane’s sample size formula. Data for this study was collected using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used for data analysis. The findings from the study revealed that product development and features have positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction of CWAY Table Water. It was generally concluded that product features have significant effect on the customer satisfaction of CWAY Table Water. This study recommends there should be very strong emphasis on the development of new and innovative products, the management of CWAY Table Water to embrace all the indicators of product branding to be able optimally maximize its benefits and embrace innovative ideas, monitoring and responding to the changes in the needs of the customers.","doi":"10.32038/mbr.2023.10.01.03","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d2fa8a3fa3ae39f99e7f5a48bfbe664ed6fac341","result_position":45,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":263688415,"title":"Entrepreneurial Orientation as a Predictor of Organization Performance: A Perspective of State Corporations in the Energy Sector in Kenya","venue":"International Journal of Managerial Studies and Research","year":2023,"authors":["Eunice M'mboga","D. Kinyua","Dr.Patricia Kung'u"],"abstract":": Kenya's energy sector has generally underperformed, particularly in terms of efficiency and management. Furthermore, statistics show that strategic objectives in the energy sector, such as increasing electricity generation capacity, the goals of improving access to services and information, boosting stakeholder satisfaction, and upgrading technology have not been accomplished, resulting in poor results. This study investigated the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on the organization performance of government entities in Kenya's energy sector. The research was based on resource based view, dynamic capabilities theory and the balanced scorecard. The philosophy used in this study was positivism philosophy. The research design was cross-sectional, including inferential and descriptive analysis. The study's target group included 11 Kenyan state corporations with 887 managers. A sample size of 285 respondents was chosen using a stratified random selection procedure. The respondents were managers in the fields of human resources, accounting, marketing, operations, corporate affairs, procurement, and supply chain management as well as information and communication technology, administration, finance, and business strategy development. To acquire primary data, a semi-structured questionnaire was used. Quantitative data was analyzed and presented using figures and tables, as well as descriptive and inferential statistics. Tables and pie charts were used to convey quantitative data. The findings of the research demonstrated entrepreneurial orientation had a significant effect on performance of state corporations in Kenya's energy sector. The findings of the study contribute to the body of knowledge thereby enriching the formulation of policies and best practices in entrepreneurial orientation. Management of energy state corporations should entrench activities and practices the foster entrepreneurial orientation so as to optimize organizational outcomes. Future researchers should focus on other sectors such as health, education, agriculture, water, and the private sectors considering the use of both financial and non-financial attributes of organization performance.","doi":"10.20431/2349-0349.1109003","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/999e09d37f5e8139be30c6f3de03efb28154e207","result_position":46,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":248304301,"title":"Digital-based SME Innovation Development Strategy: Marketing, Entrepreneurship Insight and Knowledge Management","venue":"Golden Ratio of Mapping Idea and Literature Format","year":2021,"authors":["Daduk Merdika Mansur"],"abstract":"The success factor for the knowledge sharing from a management point of view, RBV views that substantially the success factor for knowledge sharing is fully held by business leaders. Leaders are seen as the main driving force for business organizations, because all policies and work procedures that a leader will implement in the organization will shape perceptions, culture and will also affect future organizational activities. Support from all parties is needed, not only the role of the leader but also the cooperation and involvement of employees. Refer to the resume of 20 recent Scopus indexed publications. Mapping the literature in this study provides several clues and propositions which can be clearly seen in this paper.","doi":"10.52970/grmilf.v2i1.179","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9f081837e948d9bd6723df6d81765154221f9e90","result_position":47,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":238210286,"title":"Role of HRIS and Knowledge Sharing Behaviour towards Innovation Capability: Moderating role of Organizational Citizenship Behaviour","venue":"Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation","year":2021,"authors":["Madiha Shaikh","M. Diwan","Ramesh Kumar"],"abstract":"The objective of the study was to examine the impact of HRIS usage and knowledge sharing behaviour on the innovation capability of banking sector employees. The study also investigated the moderating role of organizational citizenship behaviour in the effect of HRIS usage and knowledge sharing behaviour on innovation capability. Resource-Based View and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour theories are applied in this research. This study is based on a quantitative approach for data collection and the data was examined using a correlational research design. The target population of this study is based on the employees of private banks of Karachi, Pakistan. The sample size was 187 responses which were analyzed using linear regression. The results showed that human resource information system usage has a positive and significant effect on employee’s innovation capacity. Similarly, knowledge-sharing behaviour was also found positive but had an insignificant effect on employee’s innovation capacity. The results also demonstrated that organizational citizenship behaviour has a positive and significant moderated effect on the relationship of human resource information systems and employee’s innovation capacity and in the relationship between knowledge-sharing behaviour and employee’s innovation capacity. This study provides a model to management leaders and practitioners who can look into employees’ creative capabilities and leverage them. The study suggests that certain actions need to be implemented by top management to foster a positive attitude towards employees' innovation capacity through proper HRIS usage and knowledge-sharing behaviour over the span of time. Lastly, implications and avenues for future research are also suggested at the end of the paper.","doi":"10.52633/jemi.v3i2.75","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e8b089abd1e93e3d89a6fd8cbe62f990c011f29f","result_position":48,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":238998203,"title":"The Role of Cloud Computing Fashionable the Strategic Growth of Business Enterprises in India","venue":"Asian Journal of Research in Computer Science","year":2021,"authors":["Richard Essah"],"abstract":"In this 21st Century technology extent of time and worldwide integration, various narrow and medium enterprises exist adopting cloud calculate for their trade operations. Cloud calculate exist an increasing information in visible form Centre technology in accordance with the becoming more intense traffic connected to the internet fashionable the period of the Internet of Things (IoT). These electronics outwit the defect of conventional servers for speed, scalability and effectiveness. However, skilled exist still narrow enterprises that exist undecided of the appropriate of cloud computing time in military operation fashionable trade movement. Thus, this paper is inscribed to survey the views of person who is very involved in education and learning about the benefits of cloud computing rite of a fashionable trade movement that motivate bureaucracy to legally care for business enterprise. The aims of the study include to ascertain the benefits of cloud to small-scale enterprises in India, to determine the challenges facing cloud users and to unravel the strategies that can improve the strategic growth of cloud users in India enterprises. The researcher used a case study design and a qualitative research approach. The place of the study is Chandigarh University of India and Busy Network company in India.","doi":"10.9734/ajrcos/2021/v12i130275","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4289c673dc0cf443ac76c590e83896fa10006961","result_position":49,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":189064811,"title":"PENERAPAN KONSEP RESOURCES-BASED VIEW (RBV) DALAM UPAYA MEMPERTAHANKAN KEUNGGULAN BERSAING PERUSAHAAN","venue":"","year":2017,"authors":["Dani Rahadian Muharam"],"abstract":"Di dalam kondisi lingkungan yang serba tidak pasti, serta tingkat persaingan semakin tinggi, keunggulan kompetitif organisasi bisnis menjadi semakin pendek dan sulit untuk dipertahankan. Menghadapi keadaan tersebut, diperlukan strategi dalam upaya mempertahankan keunggulan kompetitif secara berkelanjutan. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan, melalui kemampuan teknologi dan kemampuan dinamis dalam mengelola sumber-sumber daya yang dimiliki. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauhmana konsep Resources-Based View ( RBV) berperan dalam memberikan solusi terhadap upaya perusahaan mempertahankan keunggulan bersaingnya secara berkelanjutan. Metode yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah studi literatur, yaitu dengan mengkaji sumber-sumber bacaan yang berkaitan dengan konsep keunggulan bersaing melalui pendekatan RBV. Berdasarkan hasil kajian, suatu perusahaan pada umumnya akan memiliki kemampuan di atas kinerja para pesaingnya bila mampu menerapkan konep RBV. Hal tersebut dikarenakan perusahaan lebih fokus dalam mengidentifikasi dan mengelola potensi sumber daya ( tangible dan intangible) yang dimiliki, sehingga memiliki keunggulan bersaing dalam jangka panjang. Kata kunci: keunggulan bersaing, pandangan berbasis sumber daya, siklus hidup kemampuan.","doi":"10.31113/JIA.V14I1.4","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/be781390e1dc3e61973b25a3275a10f76b5ca0e1","result_position":50,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":234582175,"title":"Talent Management and Employees’ Retention in the Nigeria Banking Industry: A Study of United Bank for Africa","venue":"International journal of business management","year":2020,"authors":["Ochuko Mary Amori","Olumola Falilat Becky"],"abstract":"employees (Baheshtiffar, 2011). Employees’ retention is one of the imperative matters within competitive organizations today as employees are the greatest valuable assets in any organization. Employees’ retention refers to the retention of talented or high potential employees identified by the organization, and to whom the talent management initiatives are engrossed. Normally it is in a firm’s best interest to put its effort in retaining the talented employees that they have, and not hiring anyone new Abstract : In recent times, organizations are faced with the challenges of employees leaving for better offer. This has left most organizations coming up with talent management strategy that can retain their employees. Talent management is the activities done by the management to keep their employees updated, engaged and compensated. The paper therefore investigates the effect of talent management on employees’ retention: to examine the effect of training and development programs on employees’ retention, to determine the effect of compensation policies on employees’ retention and to ascertain the effect of employees’ engagement on employee’ retention. A primary source of data was used where a survey was conducted on the staff of UBA Plc. Marina branch, Lagos State. Data was analyzed using linear regression method of inferential statistics which was applied to test the significant of the hypotheses using t-statistic of co-efficient of the linear regression model with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings show that training and development, compensation policies and employees’ engagement have significant effect on employees’ retention at 0.000, 0.000 and 0.000 respectively and the variables having strong positive relationship at 0.75 percent. The paper concluded that organization with effective retention system reduces operational cost via reduction in training newly recruited employees. The study therefore, recommended that management should make training and re-training of all staff compulsory, give suitable compensation to employees for work performance without any form of business politics and create a flexible culture of decentralized technique whereby employees at lower level of the organization can also be part of the decision-making processes. The correlation coefficient of 0.874 shows a strong positive linear relationship between the dependent and independent variables. The R-squared value of 0.832 and the adjusted R-squared of 0.830 shows that about 83 percent of variations in employees’ retention is attributed to employees’ engagement.","doi":"10.24940/THEIJBM/2020/V8/I11/BM2011-023","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/756226d3e4b4ab4837e94cb657c06a98c6f78aff","result_position":51,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":169234817,"title":"Exploiting Regio-centric Product Advantage to Increase Small and Medium Enterprises' (SMEs) Marketing Performance","venue":"","year":2018,"authors":["Ahmad Hanfan","A. Setiawan"],"abstract":"This research aims to examine the role of regiocentric product advantage to improve SMEs marketing performance.The concept of regiocentric product advantage is proposed in this study as a variable that plays an important role in improving marketing performance. The research is also conducted because of the business phenomenon that is the decrease in the number of entrepreneurs and the number of workers in salted egg industry Brebes District, Central Java Province, Indonesia.The study has developed four hypotheses using data collected from 118 respondents of salted egg SMEs companies.The statistical analysis processed with AMOS 22 concludes that the research hypotheses are accepted. That is the product development capability with regiocentric product advantage, the regiocentric product image capability with regiocentric product advantage, the customer sensing quality with regiocentric product advantage and the regiocentric product advantage with marketing performance are correlated.","doi":"10.35808/ijeba/154","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f459382525d9ec87b770cfd952e25ce35dfee67a","result_position":52,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":195818022,"title":"Thematic Review for Modeling of Outsourcing Theories","venue":"The Journal of Social Sciences Research","year":2018,"authors":["Kashif Latif","M. Ismail","Mohammad Nazri","M. Mohd","M. I. Qureshi"],"abstract":"This study explained various theories by comparing their phases for modeling of outsourcing theories. This research is based on extensive literature reviews, which direct to the classification of different outsourcing theories for its modeling. All these models, theories with respect to its outsourcing phases have their own advantages and disadvantages, thus a critical analysis is required in order to achieve useful conclusions for the organizations who intend to implement such theories. The review of the Outsourcing theories is based on preparation, vendor(s) selection, transition, management of relationship, and reconsideration phases.","doi":"10.32861/jssr.spi2.303.311","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/789380358056ab4e4d7b3569a2698d3b46e47298","result_position":53,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":55086002,"title":"TMT Cognition, First Mover Advantages and Firm Entreprenuerial Performance: A Review of Literature","venue":"","year":2018,"authors":["Rahab W Ngugi","J. Kilika"],"abstract":"Top Management Teams (TMT) cognition play a strategic role in the decision making process in any firm. It is critical for firms to integrate managerial strategic thinking, which is rooted in managerial cognition, into the strategic process. Hence TMT cognition can be seen to be a key intangible resource of the firm. The speed and efficiency of the firm’s response to the rapidly changing environment is vital to firm performance. Firm’s can integrate corporate entrepreneurship as a corporate strategy to achieve competitiveness in the market. This paper presents a review of extant theoretical and empirical literature on two constructs, TMT cognition and first mover advantages and their link to firm entrepreneurial performance. Relevant theories have been reviewed, constructs and operational indicators have also been identified, comparison against empirical studies and the emergent knowledge gap is identified. This paper proposes a theoretical model for guiding future scholarship in strategic management.","doi":"10.5539/ibr.v11n6p110","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f46af80a02b494924da636ec1abc3967c8b127b3","result_position":54,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":54031000,"title":"Firm Performance in the Context of Knowledge Based Intensive Sector: A Theoretical Review","venue":"","year":2017,"authors":["E. Wandiga","J. Kilika","Rosemary James"],"abstract":"The operations function of an organization plays a strategic role in the success of organizations as it addresses key decisions that determine the utilization of economic resources in the value creation process to deliver goods and services. While the function has been sufficiently studied and documented in the manufacturing sector, little has been done reflecting the services sector. This paper presents a review of the extant theoretical and empirical literature on two constructs linked to operations strategy in the context of a knowledge intensive sector in the phenomenon leading to firm performance. The relevant theories are reviewed, constructs and their operational indicators identified and compared against extant empirical work and emergent knowledge gaps identified. The paper finally proposes a multidisciplinary based theoretical model suitable for advancing knowledge in this area together with the accompanying implications for future research.","doi":"10.5539/ijbm.v12n8p234","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/57ffc3cce29658c06e0dba7aa7fffc1a66361ac3","result_position":55,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":167153818,"title":"A Critical Review of the Resource-based View of the Firm","venue":"","year":2008,"authors":["O. Truijens"],"abstract":null,"doi":"","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/471a0363629fba4501ed7ddb60976a089b1e2264","result_position":56,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":147049622,"title":"The Discovery of HR from Strategy-as-Practice Perspective: A Case Study in Durable Consumer Goods Industry","venue":"","year":2015,"authors":["P. Acar","F. G. Gurbuz","Müjdelen I. Yener"],"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this study is to explore Human Resource Management (HRM) practices from Strategy-as-Practice (S-as-P) perspective in a company which has a reputable brand at an international level. The research also tries to discover the missing link between Strategy-as-Practice and HRM. In addition, the study tries to explain how S-as-P and HR interact and work together. This study was performed as a case study through using qualitative research methods. In the research, interview techniques which are semi-structured and open-ended questioning was used. The sample of the study is composed of HR directors, Strategic Planning directors and employees. This study is original in the nature as it tries to discuss Strategic HR from strategy as practice perspective.","doi":"10.1016/J.SBSPRO.2015.10.102","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b2e790779c9ebb72b59cc2d4cbcbcce570562a01","result_position":57,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":153721635,"title":"Coordinating the processes of resource enrichment and capability deployment: Lessons from IT implementation at a medium-sized accounting firm","venue":"","year":2014,"authors":["Gary S. C. Pan","Sayyen Teoh","P. Seow"],"abstract":"Purpose – The purpose of this paper has been to address the research question of how are the processes of resource enrichment and capability deployment coordinated during information technology (IT) implementation at a small- and medium-sized accounting firm (SMAF)? Increasingly, organizations need to respond to a wide range of IT-based opportunities and pressures. The situation is no different in an accounting firm. Many accounting practitioners have advocated investment in IT to improve accounting firms’ productivity. To date, there are many instances of how IT has radically transformed the nature of accounting practice. Nevertheless, little is known about how IT capability is developed in SMAFs. In particular, the resource enrichment process during IT capability development has been understudied. Design/methodology/approach – The strategy of this paper was to undertake qualitative case research of an ERP systems upgrading project at SMAF. The case study approach is particularly appropriate for this exp...","doi":"10.1108/IJAIM-07-2013-0043","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4c4fbbe38bf235aaf317951372692547b593b6a6","result_position":58,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":91176958,"title":"The cornerstones of competitive advantage: A resource‐based view","venue":"","year":1993,"authors":["Margaret A. Peteraf"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1002/SMJ.4250140303","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b887a50a2892b4f6a0b9f019633fdfab38227718","result_position":59,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":268010466,"title":"Analyzing the Role of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Optimizing Supply Chain Processes in Kenya","venue":"International journal of supply chain management","year":2024,"authors":["John M Mwangi"],"abstract":"Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in optimizing supply chain processes \nMethodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. \nFindings: Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) play a pivotal role in optimizing supply chain processes by enhancing demand forecasting accuracy through sophisticated algorithms. They streamline inventory management by predicting demand patterns and automating replenishment tasks, leading to reduced stockouts and excess inventory. AI-powered analytics enable real-time insights into supply chain performance, identifying bottlenecks and inefficiencies for proactive decision-making. \nUnique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Theory of technology acceptance model (TAM), resource-based view (RBV) theory & dynamic capabilities theory may be used to anchor future studies on analyzing the role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in optimizing supply chain processes. Encourage supply chain stakeholders to adopt blockchain solutions for enhanced transparency, traceability, and efficiency. Advocate for regulatory frameworks that promote the adoption of blockchain technology in supply chains while addressing concerns related to data privacy, interoperability, and standardization.","doi":"10.47604/ijscm.2322","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d31566d338ed9f7b9934b30c83400fefe947964e","result_position":60,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":263817296,"title":"The Relationship Between Innovative Behavior and Business Intelligence System Adoption as Mediated by Competitive Intelligence and Moderated by Innovative Dynamism","venue":"International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences","year":2023,"authors":["Alwi Mahmudin","Ainul Mohsein ABDUL MOHSIN","Balqis Faqihah binti Rajak"],"abstract":"The Relationship Between Innovative Behavior and Business Intelligence System Adoption as Mediated by Competitive Intelligence and Moderated","doi":"10.6007/ijarafms/v13-i3/17999","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ec4ee22127be915551b478c386bc1785c7bc3e5f","result_position":61,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":256974900,"title":"Management of Green Competitive Advantage: A Systematic Literature Review and Research Agenda","venue":"Economies","year":2023,"authors":["Rista Bintara","Winwin Yadiati","Muhammad Wahyudin Zarkasyi","Nanny Dewi Tanzil"],"abstract":"The success or failure of a company is acquired from a competition, which requires a specific strategy to achieve competitive goals and benefits. One of these strategies is green competitive advantage (GCA) management, initially introduced in 2011, which is highly considered and identified as a management concept. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate a systematic review of GCA management. It emphasizes the analysis of trending literature, geography, and other factors influencing GCA. It also prioritizes the impact obtained when adopting GCA as a framework to support organizational sustainability. This study is the first literature review that presents GCA management. The results show that the application of green innovation and high environmental awareness led to the development of improved performance, a better competitive advantage, and sustainable business. This study highlights significant theoretical and practical contributions. From a theoretical perspective, it allows one to synthesize GCA outcomes to describe better how it affects organizations and the environment. From a practical perspective, it provides concrete implications for policymakers in defining the best mechanism for developing green innovation to achieve competitive advantage and business sustainability. Meanwhile, the actual outputs of this process are emphasized for practitioners, which subsequently enables easier access and increased GCA literacy for practitioners and stakeholders to encourage the selection of organizational GCs (green changes), especially concerning the role of GCA as a promotional and sustainable business framework.","doi":"10.3390/economies11020066","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e0bd7def3bb90235f179ac239bcfb12afe75ab2b","result_position":62,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":270841096,"title":"The Interplay of Corporate Social Responsibility, Innovation Capability, Organizational Learning, and Sustainable Value Creation: Does Stakeholder Engagement Matter?","venue":"Sustainability","year":2024,"authors":["Tahir Alshukri","Opeoluwa Seun Ojekemi","Tolga Öz","A. Alzubi"],"abstract":"At the crossroads of innovation and responsibility, our study delves into CSR’s pivotal role in steering organizations toward sustainable value creation. Combining the frameworks of stakeholder theory, the resource-based view, and dynamic capabilities theory, this study examines the influence of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in enhancing sustainable value creation (SVC), with a keen focus on how organizational learning (OL) and innovation capability (IC) mediate this relationship and the degree to which stakeholder engagement (SE) moderates the impact of CSR on OL, IC, and SVC. Using a quantitative research approach, 416 managers in the Turkish manufacturing sector (e.g., textiles, building materials, and food processing firms) were surveyed using electronic and physical questionnaires. To test the research model, AMOS 24 was employed. The results confirmed that CSR positively influences SVC, OL, and IC; OL and IC positively influence SVC; OL and IC partially mediate the relationship between CSR and SVC. Likewise, the findings suggest that stakeholder engagement (SE) plays a moderate role in strengthening the relationship between CSR and organizational learning (OL), CSR and innovation capability (IC), and CSR and sustainable value creation (SVC), with increased SE enhancing the positive effect of CSR on OL, IC, and SVC. This study explains the complex ways that CSR enhances SVC, focusing on OL and IC’s mediating roles and SE’s moderating effects. It offers manufacturing sectors in Turkey useful information for promoting sustainability and innovation.","doi":"10.3390/su16135511","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fae33298c7a5548621a1d684cf4b00893180670d","result_position":63,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":277169767,"title":"Effects of Strategic Alignment on Firm Performance: A Case of Mabati Rolling Mills, Kenya","venue":"Journal of business and strategic management","year":2025,"authors":["Stephen Oyondi Olieka","Dennis Juma"],"abstract":"Purpose: This research examines the impact of strategic alignment on firm performance, focusing on four key restructuring variables: strategic conversations, participation, motivation, and capacity building. \nMethodology: A descriptive survey design was used, targeting 281 management and staff, with a stratified random sample of 140 respondents. Data was collected through validated questionnaires and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical methods. \nFindings: Findings indicate that improved communication channels enhanced efficiency and ethical standards, though bureaucracy persisted despite protocol adherence. The reward system boosted performance, yet some employees lacked necessary amenities. Overall, strategic alignment positively impacted production, profitability, and market positioning—key indicators of strong performance. \nUnique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: The study provides valuable insights for manufacturing stakeholders, recommending enhanced strategic practices to optimize performance. Additionally, policymakers should implement supportive frameworks to improve workplace conditions and maximize employee productivity. Greater stakeholder engagement in decision-making is also advised to enhance organizational efficiency and competitiveness.","doi":"10.47941/jbsm.2592","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d6777436b5ee41f004167ce88fe9207fa7c601c9","result_position":64,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":278025711,"title":"Enhancing firm performance through mutual respect and green compensation: The role of organizational culture as a moderating variable","venue":"Diponegoro International Journal of Business","year":2024,"authors":["Rahardika Bagaskara","S. Suharnomo","M. S. Perdhana"],"abstract":"In today's competitive and environmentally conscious business landscape, organizations are increasingly adopting green compensation systems to align employee incentives with sustainability goals. This study investigates the impact of the Green Compensation System, Organizational Culture, and Mutual Respect on firm performance using Structural Equation Modeling with Partial Least Squares (SEM PLS) for data analysis. The findings reveal that the Green Compensation System positively influences Mutual Respect, confirming the first hypothesis (H1). Additionally, a robust organizational culture significantly enhances firm performance, supporting the second hypothesis (H2). Furthermore, Mutual Respect significantly contributes to improved firm performance, validating the third hypothesis (H3). These results underscore the importance of integrating environmentally sustainable compensation programs, fostering a strong organizational culture through open communication, continuous training, and employee recognition. Moreover, strategies to enhance mutual respect among employees are essential. By adopting these recommendations, organizations can achieve superior performance and ensure long-term sustainability. ","doi":"10.14710/dijb.7.2.2024.166-176","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/94e42785da4d07cbb7e29aab8c50a3f26eb047bf","result_position":65,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":272006156,"title":"Evaluating the Impact of Customer Engagement on Customer Retention for Sustainable Bank Operations","venue":"British journal of management and marketing studies","year":2024,"authors":["Udodiugwu, M. I.","Eneremadu, K. E.","Njoku, C. O.","Anyaegbunam, C. E.","Obiakor, U. J."],"abstract":"Purpose; The study conducted a comprehensive analysis to determine the influence of customer engagement on customer retention at Guaranty Trust Bank Plc, centring on the Asaba region in Delta State, Nigeria. Method; This research employed a cross-sectional survey methodology and utilised a questionnaire as the primary data collection tool, drawing responses from a total of 417 participants, consisting of both bank staff and customers. The collected data was subjected to rigorous validation and reliability testing. The research utilised inferential statistics, including the Sampled Paired Test and Cronbach Alpha, with the aid of SPSS version 25, to evaluate the hypotheses. Result; The results uncovered significant positive impacts of various forms of customer engagement on different aspects of customer behaviour. Limitation; This study was limited to only Guaranty Trust Bank plc in Asaba, Delta State Nigeria, and also explored the content scope of customer engagement and retention. Contributions; The study has contributed to the wealth of knowledge in theory and practices, and it has also given insight into why commercial banks in Nigeria should hold firmly on the strategies of customer engagements.","doi":"10.52589/bjmms-ri8psagd","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f1a6a3bd819bf830e8137e19189aab5cd2143cc4","result_position":66,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":270409338,"title":"Understanding performance of public hospitals: operational strategies approach in Kajiado County, Kenya","venue":"International Journal of Research In Business and Social Science","year":2024,"authors":["Judith Nyaboga","S. M. Muathe"],"abstract":"The performance of the healthcare sector is crucial for delivering optimal patients care and creating efficient healthcare systems. However, Kajiado County in Kenya faces various challenges that obstruct effective performance. This paper aims to assess the impact of operational strategies on performances of public hospitals in Kajiado County, Kenya. Specifically, it aimed to investigate the effect of information management strategy, continuous quality improvement strategy, innovation strategy, and resources management strategy on hospital performance. This study was anchored on balanced scorecard model, resource-based theory, quality improvement theory, and technology acceptance model, and employed a descriptive research design. Primary data was gathered through questionnaires distributed to full-time healthcare workers, following a successful pilot study in Narok County. Data collection utilized the drop-and-pick later method. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software was used to analyze the data, involving descriptive statistics such as percentages, frequencies, means, and standard deviations while multiple regression model was used to test the relationship between independent variables and the dependent variable. Main findings of the study revealed that there exists a statistically significant relation between information management strategy and hospital performance, as well as continuous quality improvement strategy, innovation strategy, and resource management strategy, respectively. Consequently, the study recommended that the County Health Department should initiate a comprehensive training program for healthcare professionals, collaborate with hospital management to adopt innovative technologies, and identify and address skill gaps while promoting a positive work environment within public hospitals in Kajiado County. These actions aim to enhance hospital performance and ultimately improve patient care in the region.","doi":"10.20525/ijrbs.v13i4.3356","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6ebd652f030a62a73e17094316930b0222d4ab90","result_position":67,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":263632428,"title":"The Integration of Supply Chain and Digitalization: The Influence on SME’s Business Performance in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China","venue":"Journal of Digitainability, Realism & Mastery (DREAM)","year":2023,"authors":["Mu Qing Lei","Chee Wei Ming"],"abstract":"The scale of the enterprise organization industry has steadily grown in recent years as a result of the rapid development of the global economy; however, the situation additionally contends with obstacles such as natural catastrophes, policy changes, political situations, and other unforeseen factors that may also trigger threats in the supply chain. The objective of this research is to examine the impact of supply chain digitalization and internal integration, also referred to as Supply Chain 4.0, on the performance of small medium businesses. This research illuminates the advantages and prospects associated with the implementation of contemporary supply chain strategies. It accomplishes this by examining the impact of incorporating digital technologies and integrating supply chain processes on different dimensions of small business performance, including efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and customer satisfaction. The development of conceptual framework in this study will be able to contribute the digital transformation of supply chain theoretically through our framework and expansion of knowledge by examining the influence between digitalization, supply chain integration, and small business performance such as operational efficiency, cost reduction, customer satisfaction, and overall competitiveness.","doi":"10.56982/dream.v2i09.154","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ed27dabc48f7e9aa04c24a9e79cef6e9d81aa688","result_position":68,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":235692730,"title":"The Mediating Role of Employee Innovativeness on the Nexus between Internet Banking and Employee Performance: Evidence from the Republic of Congo","venue":"","year":2021,"authors":["Jean Baptiste Bernard Pea-Assounga","H. Yao"],"abstract":"In recent years, banks have begun to realize the importance of Internet banking services and their connection with the banking sector. The main purpose of this article was to find the mediating role of employee innovativeness in the relationship between Internet banking and employee performance of certain banks in the Republic of Congo. A 350-sample size was considered, and a partial least square and structural model equation was used for data analysis. The research results suggested that Internet banking positively affects employee performance and employee innovativeness. They also confirmed that employee innovativeness partially mediates the relationship between Internet banking and employee performance. The theoretical model was built based on Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) Theory, Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) Model, Absorptive Capacity Theory (ACT), and Resource-Based View Theory. This work makes a more accurate contribution to the literature on Internet banking and employee performance. The study further provided recommendations and suggests directions for future studies.","doi":"10.1155/2021/6610237","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3c8065b9b065ece16a31f5763d02d1f07879c34c","result_position":69,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":247928805,"title":"The Role of Tri Hita Karana Culture as Moderating the Effect of Competence on Business Performance through Competitive Advantage","venue":"Journal of economics, finance and management studies","year":2022,"authors":["I. Ariani"],"abstract":"Performance is an important factor in the survival of MSME actors. The small business sector in Bali is in dire need of continuous performance so that the welfare of business actors can be sustainable. Culture is the thing that distinguishes each region in carrying out its business ethics, by adhering to culture, a sector that is solid in maintaining a green environment, human relations and God. This study wants to examine the moderating role of Local Wisdom (Tri Hita Karana) on Competence and Business Performance of small businesses. Quantitative method is used with purposive sampling technique of 86 samples from the Slovin formula. Moderation Local wisdom provides a competency boost to performance. The existence of caring for the environment, others and adhering to God's teachings, norms and responsibilities become greater.","doi":"10.47191/jefms/v5-i4-02","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/01b939dfe8fef158bfd5cd58cf50732cd7378794","result_position":70,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":243639562,"title":"The Impact of Market Orientation and Entrepreneurial Orientation on Firm Performance of Wholesale and Retailer SMES in Malaysia","venue":"International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences","year":2021,"authors":["Ali Saleh Amer Maaodhah","Harcharanjit Singh","Zainab Mohammed Alwan Al-Juboori","Abdul Latif Bin Allah Pitchy","Iwuchukwu Ekene"],"abstract":"There is a considerable signal from empirical studies that many factors influence firm performance. The purpose of this conceptual paper is to review the impact of two (2) important variable which are market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation on the performance of wholesaler and retailer Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)operating in Malaysia. Based on a systematic literature review, present conceptual framework has been developed. The present conceptual paper emphasizes on the importance of market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation and how these two factors could have an influence on firm performance. Present paper provides a valuable information to the owner/managers of wholesaler and retailer SMEs in Malaysia regarding their market strategies and entrepreneurial processes. The expected results for the resent conceptual paper would support the hypotheses that market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation have a positive impact on firm performance. Resource-Based View (RBV) theory was used to underlie the conceptual framework. In addition, some implications of this conceptual model for theory and practice are discussed.","doi":"10.6007/ijarbss/v11-i6/10019","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/56f38690668b8e873905a16275fab495764a110f","result_position":71,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":207824114,"title":"FACTORS INFLUENCING PUBLIC PROCUREMENT LEGAL FRAMEWORK IMPLEMENTATION IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY","venue":"Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management","year":2019,"authors":["Patrick Karuga Ndongu","J. Miroga"],"abstract":"This study found out the factors influencing public procurement legal framework implementation. A case study of The Nairobi County Government. Specifically, the study assessed whether top management support, procurement proficiency, technological advancement and procurement ethics influence the public procurement legal framework implementation in Nairobi City County. This research was informed by institutional theory, resource based theory, selection theory and stakeholders’ theory that had their roots in Procurement and supply chain management. The target population was 202 stakeholders derived from all levels of management that included the top management, the middle level management and lower level management. Data sources used both secondary and primary using clear developed questionnaires and checklists to collect data on study variables. The data was analysed using descriptive, correlation and regression techniques to facilitate discussions and writing of the study results and conclusions. The study used convenience sampling to sample the unit of observation. Descriptive statistics including frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations was used to capture the characteristics of the variables and inferential statistics (correlation and regression analysis) were used to analyze the relationships between the dependent and the independent variables. Results were presented using tables. The response rate of the study was 81%. The findings of the study indicated that procurement proficiency, technological advancement, procurement ethics and top management support have a positive relationship with Public Procurement legal framework implementation. Finally, the study recommended that Public entity should adopt procurement proficiency, technological advancement, procurement ethics and top management to improve Public Procurement legal framework implementation and further researches should to be carried out in other procuring entities to find out if the same results can be obtained. Key Words: Top Management Support, Procurement Proficiency, Technological Advancement, Procurement Ethics CITATION: Ndongu, P. K., & Miroga, J. (2019). Factors influencing public procurement legal framework implementation in Nairobi City County. The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 6 (4), 317 – 334.","doi":"10.61426/sjbcm.v6i4.1391","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/11771f6275112d0268bd0a519041088d98044a11","result_position":72,"is_clicked":false}],"string":"[\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 257063522,\n \"title\": \"Revisiting the resource-based view (RBV) theory: from cross-functional capabilities perspective in post COVID-19 period\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Strategic Marketing\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Sheshadri Chatterjee\",\n \"Ranjan Chaudhuri\",\n \"D. Vrontis\",\n \"A. Thrassou\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"ABSTRACT Due to ever-changing business context, researchers and academicians revisit established theories to examine their validity underdifferent evolving scenarios. Therefore, this study aims to examine the cross-functional capabilities of the organizations by revisiting the resource-based view (RBV) theory, especially focusing on thepost-COVID-19 period. This study also investigates the moderating role of the organization strategic management ability and itsinfluence on the performance of the organizations. After reviewing existing literature and applying RBV theory, a theoretical model was developed conceptually. Later, the conceptual model was validated using the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique with a survey of 342 usable respondents from 21 organizations. The study found thatRBV theory is useful and relevant for explaining organization cross-functional capabilities even in the post-COVID-19 period. We found that cross-functional capabilities have positively impacted overall organization capability, which then positively influences organization performance. The study also found that there is apositive moderating impact of strategic management ability onorganization performance.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/0965254X.2023.2182447\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c01894b7753bb5ff9b50f42912b2e6c9548a147c\",\n \"result_position\": 0,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 268352068,\n \"title\": \"Fourth industrial revolution and Human Resources Management: Evidence from developing economies\",\n \"venue\": \"World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"MbaUkweni\",\n \"Sunday Adelani\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"There is no gainsaying that Industry 4.0 further scales up human resources management capability and enable upper hand to organization, such that the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), characterizes the integration of digital, physical, and biological systems, with profound influence on HRM through the utilization of machine learning (ML) and the Internet of Things (IoT) from recruitment and selection, employee training and development, performance management, employee engagement and satisfaction, workforce planning and optimization, and data-driven decision making. It was against this background that this study engaged the Resource-based view to explain internet of things (IoT) and machine learning (ML) as constructs of human resource management to measure influence of Industry 4.0. Survey research design was adopted, and census sampling technique was used in the study. Sixty six (66) respondents were administered structured questionnaire that underwent validity and reliability test to ascertain survey validity, accuracy and consistency. The findings showed that there is significant effect of internet of things and machine learning on human resource management. Hence this study recommends that existing software, IoT, and sensors should be taken delivery of by the institution for the ICT unit to optimize her IoT interface. The study also recommends that ICT staff should be trained and re-trained on trending machine learning algorithms so they can build and use computer systems that are able to learn and adapt without explicit instructions.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.30574/wjarr.2024.21.3.0551\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e36c330f708f13f0ab12b64583d52a56bc45cd2d\",\n \"result_position\": 1,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 267377577,\n \"title\": \"Generative artificial intelligence in supply chain and operations management: a capability-based framework for analysis and implementation\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Production Research\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ilya Jackson\",\n \"Dmitry A. Ivanov\",\n \"Alexandre Dolgui\",\n \"Jafar Namdar\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This research examines the transformative potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in general and Generative AI (GAI) in particular in supply chain and operations management (SCOM). Through the lens of the resource-based view and based on key AI capabilities such as learning, perception, prediction, interaction, adaptation, and reasoning, we explore how AI and GAI can impact 13 distinct SCOM decision-making areas. These areas include but are not limited to demand forecasting, inventory management, supply chain design, and risk management. With its outcomes, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of AI and GAI's functionality and applications in the SCOM context, offering a practical framework for both practitioners and researchers. The proposed framework systematically identifies where and how AI and GAI can be applied in SCOM, focussing on decision-making enhancement, process optimisation, investment prioritisation, and skills development. Managers can use it as a guidance to evaluate their operational processes and identify areas where AI and GAI can deliver improved efficiency, accuracy, resilience, and overall effectiveness. The research underscores that AI and GAI, with their multifaceted capabilities and applications, open a revolutionary potential and substantial implications for future SCOM practices, innovations, and research.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/00207543.2024.2309309\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/14faed00db373d87bf90e8ee8f2c0dbbeed768dd\",\n \"result_position\": 2,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 53511113,\n \"title\": \"The resource-based theory of competitive advantage : implications for strategy formulation\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Michael Meskon\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.4324/9780080509778-6\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/62f3636bf03d5353354d2a51c6e913d6a5b2657e\",\n \"result_position\": 3,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 260436026,\n \"title\": \"Competitive Advantage\",\n \"venue\": \"Encyclopedia of Sustainable Management\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Lars Schweizer\",\n \"E. Koscher\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/978-3-030-02006-4_365-1\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/03673c62fc8aa574a4f81e33ba5655a123384c84\",\n \"result_position\": 4,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 236270799,\n \"title\": \"The Resource-Based View, Resourcefulness, and Resource Management in Startup Firms: A Proposed Research Agenda\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"S. Zahra\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The resource-based view (RBV) provides a rich framework for analyzing the role of a firm’s tangible and intangible resources in creating and sustaining competitive advantage. As a result, it has been widely used to explain entrepreneurial firms’ strategic choices that generate such an advantage. While researchers have established the usefulness of the RBV, they have overlooked the fundamental question of how entrepreneurial firms manage their resources to gain competitive advantage. This paper examines this issue in the context of independently owned startups, which typically lack resources, are constrained in their access to key resource providers, and have limited experience in assembling and managing resources. Adopting a broader conceptualization of startups’ resource management process, the paper identifies several questionable assumptions in related RBV-based research. Further, recognizing the limits of RBV to determine ex ante the nature and magnitude of entrepreneurs’ resourcefulness when managing their resources, the paper suggests linkages between the RBV and several entrepreneurship frameworks and outlines promising research questions.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1177/01492063211018505\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a1c153e41f2bd0b32df525e2c3012ae28e4f3ac2\",\n \"result_position\": 5,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 256384348,\n \"title\": \"Resource Based View (RBV) in Improving Company Strategic Capacity\",\n \"venue\": \"Research Horizon\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Nurul Wardani Lubis\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The growth of the industrial sector that continues to grow requires companies to have high competitiveness capabilities. Companies in order to survive in intensive competition and remain competitive with other companies are required to be able to innovate. One internal approach that can be used to create competitive advantage is to use a Resource Based View (RBV). This Resource Based View (RBV) method examines a company's assets, expertise, capabilities, and intangible assets, including the internal resources of the company, and determines its strategic advantage. The Resource Based View (RBV) approach highlights a company's capabilities and resources that are unique to that company and adds significant value for the company. Using the Resource Based View (RBV) theory which focuses on the resources owned by the company and its capabilities can provide an appropriate theoretical perspective for examining how internal factors can become resources to generate competitive advantage to increase the company's strategic capacity. Establishing a framework with a Resource Based View (RBV) approach for companies is expected to provide the right framework to have high competitiveness for companies originating from the management and use of company capacities and resources.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.54518/rh.2.6.2022.587-596\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ae7adbfca30318ebae9c4165b63bfe66c964b225\",\n \"result_position\": 6,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 239673698,\n \"title\": \"The Business Model of Sustainable Competitive Advantage through Strategic Leadership Capabilities and Knowledge Management Processes to Overcome COVID-19 Pandemic\",\n \"venue\": \"Sustainability\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"O. R. Mahdi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In recent decades, particularly during the outbreak of COVID-19, businesses organizations have focused on knowledge management processes in order to attain a sustainable competitive advantage by creating human and social capital as strategic leadership capabilities. This paper aims to develop an integrated conceptual and theoretical framework that connects strategic leadership capabilities, knowledge management processes, and sustainable competitive advantage for the public and private organizations within the service industry. The model approach has been used to build a theoretical framework that predicts the relationships between the variables. To support the link between them, a systematic literature review of traditional and contemporary theoretical and empirical research studies is conducted. Through the combination of the related literature, propositions are established. This conceptual research is primarily comprised of a model and assertions concerning strategic leadership capabilities, knowledge management processes, and sustainable competitive advantage. The outcomes of this study reflect that strategic leadership capabilities can accomplish sustainable competitive advantage. They also have the greatest potential to impact sustainable competitive advantage via engaging the knowledge management processes. Particularly, there are significant implications of this study. Regarding the theoretical implication, it contributes to the resource-based view, knowledge-based view, and knowledge creation theory in supporting strategic leadership capabilities, knowledge management processes, and sustainable competitive advantage. To the practical implication, the study linked the concepts of research variables for public and private enterprises within the service industry. It can also enable strategic leaders and businesses owners to participate in real-time opportunities and determine threats for achieving a sustainable competitive advantage in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a preliminary study of the sustainable competitive advantage literature that includes the concept of strategic leadership as a knowledge management processes enabler for achieving a sustainable competitive advantage. Until now, there has not been any work like it in the literature, save in the qualitative style.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/su13179891\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1bc8b4b2e870a74295aa577992bc90dd8f2ea22c\",\n \"result_position\": 7,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 259607170,\n \"title\": \"Achieving the sustainable development goals through net zero emissions: Innovation-driven strategies for transitioning from incremental to radical lean, green and digital technologies\",\n \"venue\": \"Resources, Conservation and Recycling\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Sanjeev Yadav\",\n \"Ashutosh Samadhiya\",\n \"Anil Kumar K\",\n \"Abhijit Majumdar\",\n \"J. Garza‐Reyes\",\n \"S. Luthra\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This work adopts a resource-based view for strategically managing firms ’ tangible and intangible resources based on lean and green philosophies to explore the role of digital technologies in achieving NZE and the SDGs.This research outlines three contemporary issues. First, it assesses the theory-driven approaches and real-world datasets from conference of parties (COP) meetings. Second, adopting the VRIO (Valuable, Rare, Inimitable, Organized) framework, 25 identified digital technology-based values are obtained by digitalization-based integrated lean-green approaches that may enable manufacturing firms to pursue SDGs via net-zero emissions. Four scenarios of digital technology adoption and integration level of lean and green manufacturing pathways are proposed, differentiated by the degree of radical/ incremental interests in innovation and sustainable advantage types. Third, the study highlights that the achievement of NZE by SDGs may be possible only by adopting digital technologies and high-level integration of lean and green.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.resconrec.2023.107094\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fdeb7a2323c62c280b6bd25fc21ff32982ec3e9e\",\n \"result_position\": 8,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 242051556,\n \"title\": \"Manajemen Strategi : Kajian Teori Resource Based View\",\n \"venue\": \"Coopetition\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Rima Elya Dasuki\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This paper aims to analyze the framework of the Resource-Based View theory put forward by experts in strategic management, as well as to describe the SWOT framework, especially those related to strengths and weaknesses by identifying what are the strengths and capabilities of the company and avoiding weaknesses for competitive advantage. and is expected to be able to describe the concept of Resource-Based View and analyze the development of Resource-Based View theory in strategic management, and analyze the internal environment from the point of view of strengths and weaknesses that will help the company to be able to take advantage of existing opportunities and be able to avoid possible threats. arise, and analyze the company's capabilities that will affect the final product which includes dynamic skills, capacities, and resources. The research method used is based on a historical approach and literature review from the opinions of experts who discuss the theory of Resource-Based Value, both physical and non-physical in relation to capabilities and competencies in creating superior competitiveness, with the main study based on the opinion of strategic management experts. Mahoney Joseph T, J. Rajendran Pandian, 1992. This paper will be directed to the analysis of various opinions of economists regarding the resource framework that will produce a capability, namely the skills that exist in each individual. competitive of a company\",\n \"doi\": \"10.32670/coopetition.v12i3.710\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1b227e63b1c17527c5512273ffbe667a5ff62ff8\",\n \"result_position\": 9,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 199331872,\n \"title\": \"Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 1991,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Barney\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1177/014920639101700108\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d52b773776bee17ae8f34f2feae9b40c776fbe13\",\n \"result_position\": 10,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 18727889,\n \"title\": \"A Resource-Based View of the Firm\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 1984,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Birger Wernerfelt\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1002/SMJ.4250050207\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cba74c55908827c08e94d6a55053bf2497287131\",\n \"result_position\": 11,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 167484845,\n \"title\": \"DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES AND STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 1997,\n \"authors\": [\n \"D. Teece\",\n \"G. Pisano\",\n \"A. Shuen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199708)18:7<509::AID-SMJ882>3.0.CO;2-Z\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/98c866fca6473ab62136477b7bd416b848f303f8\",\n \"result_position\": 12,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 248781917,\n \"title\": \"Impact of ICTs on Innovation and Performance of Firms: Do Start-ups, Regional Proximity and Skills Matter?\",\n \"venue\": \"Sustainability\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Khorshed Alam\",\n \"M. Ali\",\n \"M. Erdiaw‐Kwasie\",\n \"Muhammad Shahiduzzaman\",\n \"Eswaran Velayutham\",\n \"P. Murray\",\n \"Retha Wiesner\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Managers need to better understand how information and communication technologies (ICTs) lead to informed decisions about the investment and advantages of such technologies. However, at best, the empirical evidence on the business value of technology is mixed in relation to small firms. A total of 43 firms satisfied the study’s definition of start-ups. The final survey included 54 questions on access to and use of ICTs, innovation, firm characteristics, as well as the participants’ demographics, of which 11 factors were analyzed as part of this study. We found compelling evidence to support the positive effects of ICTs on firm-level innovation and performance based on the primary survey data of 270 small and medium enterprises (SMEs) operating in an Australian regional area. Moreover, we found that ICT strategies and skills are important factors that drive innovation and the overall performance of SMEs. In addition, various conditions, such as an agile workplace culture and international trade, can help firms improve their performance. Young businesses, particularly start-ups with ICT skills, show an improved innovation capability. However, remoteness appears to influence innovation negatively for nascent firms. Thus, managers should focus on improving ICT skills, strategies, and networking that help facilitate tangible ICT investments to foster innovation and growth.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/su14105801\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d3edf916443c4a2acf38fa22299beb365b2c08b0\",\n \"result_position\": 13,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 149206224,\n \"title\": \"The Resource-Based View: A Review and Assessment of Its Critiques\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2010,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Kraaijenbrink\",\n \"J. Spender\",\n \"A. Groen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1177/0149206309350775\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/86bd67f3a39365360ecedfdc1c67a6782294b3e6\",\n \"result_position\": 14,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 14960980,\n \"title\": \"Strategic assets and organizational rent\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 1993,\n \"authors\": [\n \"R. Amit\",\n \"P. Schoemaker\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1002/SMJ.4250140105\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1d35850028ff93cad9418034689d585c9deba80e\",\n \"result_position\": 15,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 1806521,\n \"title\": \"The resource-based view within the conversation of strategic management\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 1992,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Joseph T. Mahoney\",\n \"J. Pandian\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1002/SMJ.4250130505\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0f675bdcc5d58283492fac7ed4829c9e0758ca08\",\n \"result_position\": 16,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 168125317,\n \"title\": \"The dynamic resource-based view: capability lifecycles\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2003,\n \"authors\": [\n \"C. Helfat\",\n \"Margaret A. Peteraf\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.2139/SSRN.386620\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0e1b66ff4495fe7db0e1c16a34e12b62c50cdd4b\",\n \"result_position\": 17,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 53452137,\n \"title\": \"DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES, WHAT ARE THEY?\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2000,\n \"authors\": [\n \"K. Eisenhardt\",\n \"Jeffrey A. Martin\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1002/1097-0266(200010/11)21:10/11<1105::AID-SMJ133>3.0.CO;2-E\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/00c67a6c7c38a95cd639846dbf764936713de0d9\",\n \"result_position\": 18,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 167600209,\n \"title\": \"The Complex Resource-Based View: Implications for Theory and Practice in Strategic Human Resource Management\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2004,\n \"authors\": [\n \"B. Colbert\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.5465/AMR.2004.13670987\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e99b295e848fd3d4f93ea3bac23601c9df58875f\",\n \"result_position\": 19,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 266699359,\n \"title\": \"Literature Reviews of RBV and KBV Theories Reimagined - A Technological Approach Using Text Analysis and Power BI Visualization\",\n \"venue\": \"JOIV: International Journal on Informatics Visualization\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ikhwan Arief\",\n \"Alizar Hasan\",\n \"Nilda Tri Putri\",\n \"Hafiz Rahman\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Over the years, the Resource-Based View (RBV) and Knowledge-Based View (KBV) have solidified their roles as pivotal paradigms in strategic management literature. With an emphasis on Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), this study uses text analysis and Microsoft Power BI to explore these concepts innovatively. The study implements a systematic literature review, extracting data from Scopus, Web of Science, and DOAJ databases to assemble a comprehensive literature corpus. The methodology incorporates text analysis to draw out key themes, relationships, and trends, and these are subsequently visualized using Power BI to create an engaging, interactive representation of data. Components like word clouds, co-occurrence networks, and trend lines are generated, while Power BI's dynamic filtering and drill-down functionalities facilitate thorough data investigation. The results display significant overlap between RBV and KBV, denoting possible integration junctures for these theories within the domain of strategic management. Additionally, the study underscores the relevance of these insights for SMEs, emphasizing the part played by unique resources, encompassing knowledge assets, in catalyzing innovation and fostering a competitive edge. The study concludes by recognizing the significant theoretical and practical implications of integrating text analysis and Power BI in conducting literature reviews. This methodology bolsters our understanding of RBV and KBV, offering small and medium-sized enterprises a beneficial instrument to traverse these intricate theories. The study suggests that future research could broaden the application of this methodological approach to encompass other strategic management theories.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.30630/joiv.7.4.1940\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/30e0e41efa1118a2b7de4bd736d1cd7a321090e4\",\n \"result_position\": 20,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 261552451,\n \"title\": \"Digital Technologies Application and Competitive Advantage for MSMEs Sustainability and Market Performance\",\n \"venue\": \"Ekuilibrium : Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Ilmu Ekonomi\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"D. S. Budiarto\",\n \"Ayuk Amanda\",\n \"Norraini Nordin\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The development of digital technology and intense competition have forced owners of small firms (MSMEs) to adapt technological developments to compete with competitors quickly. This study examines the effect of digitalization and competitive advantage on market sustainability and performance. This study used a qualitative method by distributing questionnaires to 166 MSMEs owners in Indonesia. The finding of this research indicate that digitalization and competitive advantage affect sustainability and market performance. This study's results suggest to MSMEs owners that technological proficiency is crucial for companies to survive in an uncertain environment.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.24269/ekuilibrium.v18i2.2023.pp169-178\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5f2bd374dc80758aa1b6e8190817ab3cc5e20609\",\n \"result_position\": 21,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 225216645,\n \"title\": \"STRATEGIC AGILITY AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE OF OIL AND GAS MARKETING COMPANIES: THE MODERATING EFFECT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY CAPABILITY AND STRATEGIC FORESIGHT\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Advanced Research\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Arokodare, M.A. (Ph.D)\",\n \"Makinde G. O (Ph.D)\",\n \"Fakunmoju S.K. (Ph.D)\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"1. Department of Business Administration and Marketing, Babcock University, Illishan, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria. 2. Department of Accounting & Finance, Fountain University, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria. ...................................................................................................................... Manuscript Info Abstract ......................... ........................................................................ Manuscript History Received: 30 June 2020 Final Accepted: 31 July 2020 Published: August 2020\",\n \"doi\": \"10.21474/ijar01/11627\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ba56aa2072bad7a4edff1cbfafa4034b0ee8f0f5\",\n \"result_position\": 22,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 269097211,\n \"title\": \"The Impact of Digital Transformation on the High-Quality Development of Enterprises: An Exploration Based on Meta-Analysis\",\n \"venue\": \"Sustainability\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Dong Liang\",\n \"Jin Tian\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"With the rapid development of the digital economy and digital technologies, the significance of digital transformation for high-quality enterprise development has been growing. Anchored in the framework of the Resource-Based View, this study employs a meta-analytic approach to systematically, quantitatively analyze 40 empirical studies published between 2010 and 2022. The aims are to synthesize and identify the impact mechanisms of digital transformation on high-quality enterprise development, while also further examining the moderating effects of heterogeneity. The findings reveal that digital transformation exerts a significantly positive influence on high-quality enterprise development through three mechanisms: factors related to innovation, factors linked to enterprise performance, and factors associated with capital market performance. Notably, irrespective of the degree of heterogeneity, both the primary effects of digital transformation on high-quality enterprise development and the moderating effects of various impact mechanisms are statistically significant. The results underscore the importance of digital transformation in driving high-quality enterprise development and offer valuable insights for relevant decision makers.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/su16083188\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/031f64c29615633e50bd277f241c3add9e3943da\",\n \"result_position\": 23,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 16366124,\n \"title\": \"Strategic Marketing and the Resource Based View of the Firm\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 1999,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Fahy\",\n \"A. Smithee\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/025b5aa7e682f4cbf1d7637a0bbe51a2a0d602e7\",\n \"result_position\": 24,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 46854046,\n \"title\": \"Resource-Based View of Information Systems: Sustainable and Transient Competitive Advantage Perspectives\",\n \"venue\": \"Australasian Journal of Information Systems\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Gaurav Gupta\",\n \"Kevin Tee Liang Tan\",\n \"Ee Yaw Seng\",\n \"Cynthia Su Chen Phang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The resource-based view (RBV), or resource-based theory, is one of the oldest and most influential theories in the field of information systems. This paper contends that it is timely to revisit, reflect on, and reposition RBV to ensure its continued disciplinary relevance and progress. In doing so, this paper (i) provides a succinct and sharp evaluation of the conventional RBV of information systems that firms use to establish sustainable competitive advantage, and (ii) makes an original contribution by introducing a contemporary RBV of information systems that firms can use to establish transient competitive advantage. Both these contributions should advance the current and future understanding of information systems as (a) an internal firm resource, (b) a source of competitive advantage, and (c) a driver of firm performance.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3127/AJIS.V22I0.1657\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d9e0e51ddee74accf13314168e33acec31407b51\",\n \"result_position\": 25,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 226121210,\n \"title\": \"Effect of Recruitment and Selection on Productivity of Selected Hospitality Firms in Lagos and Ogun States, Nigeria\",\n \"venue\": \"International journal of business management\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Mowaiye, Bolorunduro\",\n \"A. O\",\n \"A. B. B.\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"impact Nigeria Abstract: In an attempt to put natural resources into better use, developed and developing countries have been aiming for high productivity. The employees are often said to be the best asset of the organisation, this is because among the factors of production employees (labour) is the major one that controls all other factors of production; land, capital and enterprise, labour alone possesses a will of its own upon which the effective utilization of other factors depends. This makes it important for organisations to hire the best asset that can bring their desired performance. Therefore, this paper examines the effect of recruitment and selection on productivity of selected hospitality firms in Lagos and Ogun states, Nigeria. The data collected through the primary sources (questionnaire) were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics employing regression analysis. The study revealed a significant effect of recruitment and selection on the productivity of selected hospitality firms in Lagos and Ogun states(β= 0.387, t=5.946, p=0.001) and came to a conclusion and also recommend that for hospitality firms in Nigeria to yield their desire results in terms of productivity, they need to be more objective in the recruitment and selection of their This study as well as its findings made relevant contributions to knowledge in the following ways: The study contributed to knowledge in the concepts through the productivity discussed in relations to recruitment and selection. The study contributed to the new knowledge of the importance of recruitment and selection on the productivity in hospitality firms in Lagos and Ogun states. The study also contributed to the empirics by ascertaining the relevance of recruitment and selection on the productivity of hospitality firms. The study shows the linkage between recruitment and selection, and productivity both the independent and dependent variables contributed to this study in accordance with the existing knowledge. The study further contributed to theories by examining the effect of recruitment and selection on the productivity of selected hospitality firms in Lagos and Ogun states linked the study to resource based view. Resource based view focused on the relevance of recruitment and selection in business operations to attain competitive advantage over the competitors through capitalizing upon internal resources and competencies and their relative strengths. Though achieving a competitive advantage is a difficult job but sustaining the competitive advantage is more challenging than attaining it. The resources and capabilities need to be continuously upgraded and improved to ensure sustainable competitive advantage over the competitors and new entrants in the long run.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.24940/theijbm/2020/v8/i1/bm2001-038\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4626b3637a34aeaf688ac86ec5ce818681482caa\",\n \"result_position\": 26,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 267460965,\n \"title\": \"Does ChatGPT change artificial intelligence-enabled marketing capability? Social media investigation of public sentiment and usage\",\n \"venue\": \"Global Media and China\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"V. M. Ngo\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The recent advent of ChatGPT has stirred substantial attention and debates, potentially altering the dynamics across various industries, notably marketing. This pioneering study delves into the public reactions and applications of ChatGPT within marketing realms. Leveraging a text-mining methodology, a corpus of over 600,000 tweets harvested before and after ChatGPT’s launch from January 2021 to April 2023 was scrutinized to gauge public sentiment towards AI-incorporated tools in marketing, and to unearth the predominant themes within public discourse. Initial findings unveiled a buoyant public sentiment towards AI-facilitated tools, which however, ebbed in January 2023, driven by apprehensions regarding AI technology’s limitations and potential perils. Subsequent months witnessed a rebound in sentiment, stabilizing above the positive threshold, as Twitter users increasingly acknowledged ChatGPT’s prospective merits on employment and daily lives. However, compared to the period before the introduction of ChatGPT, there has been a decline in the general public’s sentiment towards AI in marketing. Furthermore, the analysis discerned a convergence in the core topics broached by the public concerning AI and ChatGPT’s ramifications on marketing. While the automation of mundane tasks and heightened customer experience were lauded, trepidations surrounding job displacement and the ethical quandaries of supplanting human labor with machines surfaced. This exposition recommends that enterprises meticulously assess the prospective impact of AI on their personnel, advocating for the judicious and ethical deployment of such emergent technologies.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1177/20594364241228880\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/78209e4912711b7e7c679e5212cf83e6bfc52074\",\n \"result_position\": 27,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 17977804,\n \"title\": \"The Critical Assessment of the Resource- Based View of Strategic Management: The Source of Heterogeneity of the Firm\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2005,\n \"authors\": [\n \"T. Akio\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3268271e4f7132eff02dda84461592624c922802\",\n \"result_position\": 28,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 272106290,\n \"title\": \"The impact of AI-enabled CRM systems on organizational competitive advantage: A mixed-method approach using BERTopic and PLS-SEM\",\n \"venue\": \"Heliyon\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Yoo\",\n \"Junsung Park\",\n \"Heejun Park\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The recent advances in machine learning and deep learning algorithms, along with the advent of generative AI, have led AI to become the “new normal” in organizations. This trend has extended to CRM, resulting in the development of AI-enabled CRM systems, or AI-CRM. Despite the growing adoption of AI as part of competitive strategies, many firms report minimal or no positive effect of AI on performance. This study addresses the research questions: “What are the critical features of AI-CRM systems?” and “How do these features impact organizational competitive advantage?” To explore this, we aim to identify key characteristics of AI-CRM and assess their impact on organizational performance. In Study 1, we utilize BERTopic topic modeling to extract critical features of AI-CRM from user reviews. Study 2 employs PLS-SEM to examine how these features influence organizational competitive advantage. Study 1 reveals four main characteristics of AI-CRM (general, marketing, sales, and service/support), each comprising distinct features. Study 2 shows that these characteristics differentially impact CRM capability, significantly affecting performance and competitive advantage. The findings offer valuable insights for both theory and practice regarding the effective use of AI in organizations.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36392\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2b9e5cf825a9ec10931dfde2464588894c2a1734\",\n \"result_position\": 29,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 257350323,\n \"title\": \"Cost and Administrative Effectiveness of Recruitment and Selection Practices on Public Service Delivery in Public Sector Institutions\",\n \"venue\": \"European Journal of Business and Management Research\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Hadie Konateh\",\n \"E. K. Duramany-Lakkoh\",\n \"E. Udeh\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The quality of human resources of every nation greatly determines its development. Therefore, a well-functioning recruitment and selection system can screen and identify candidates with the skills, qualifications and professional competence to effectively perform public and civil servant tasks. Given this context, this study examines the role of recruitment and selection practices in public service delivery focusing on the perspectives of the Public Service Commission (PSC). The following objectives were established; to examine the recruitment and selection practices and structures, to assess the effect of recruitment and selection on public service delivery, to investigate public recruitment and selection strategies and to assess the challenges affecting effective public recruitment practices at PSC. In order to assess the effectiveness of different recruitment and selection practices of civil and public servants, an exploratory case study design was used whereby qualitative data was collected using interviews and questionnaires to provide an insight and identify the extent to which the Public Service Commission applies recruitment and selection practices. The study used a simple random sampling technique and the sample size of this research was 40. The findings revealed that the more effectively MDAs recruit and select candidates, the more likely they are to hire and retain satisfied employees. Hence, investing in the development of a comprehensive and valid selection system is critical for better service delivery. The result showed that PSC has a structured recruitment and selection system to recruit and select personnel for public service. The better and clearer recruitment/selection processes, the more qualified staff are hired. The findings further revealed that quality human resource, credible and efficient recruitment process backed by better recruitment strategy are critical to improved public service delivery. By extension, the findings showed serious challenges in human resources in the public sector as recruitment and selection procedures tend to conflict with the requirement of ethic representativeness. In conclusion, the study has established that recruitment and selection is a key component of human resource management and thus a building block of national development and success.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.24018/ejbmr.2023.8.2.1814\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d907ab258626cf2bba6abefa882c152091f2d513\",\n \"result_position\": 30,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 268649699,\n \"title\": \"Technology Adoption as a Factor for Financial Performance in the Banking Sector Using UTAUT Model\",\n \"venue\": \"African Journal of Commercial Studies\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Collins Masumbuko\",\n \"Jackson Phiri\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This study investigated the complex relationship between technology adoption and the overall performance of selected Zambian banks. The analysis focuses on four prominent banks in Lusaka, namely Zanaco, Atlasmara, Stanbic, and FNB, which were selected based on characteristics such as footprint and income. The time frame is from 2015 to 2020, allowing for a complete examination of trends in the ever-changing banking business. The study used a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative financial data analysis with qualitative analysis. Data was gathered through the examination of financial reports, industry databases, interviews with banking specialists, and surveys. For the quantitative and qualitative data, statistical analysis and theme coding were used, respectively. The study aimed to provide significant insights to academia, the banking sector, and industry stakeholders by providing a comprehensive understanding of how technology adoption impacts the performance landscape of banks in Zambia. The findings revealed a positive correlation between technology adoption and financial performance with a Pearson’s two-tailed coefficient of 0.6. The study also investigated perceptions around IT platform stability and total bank efficiency, demonstrating a strong belief in the performance-enhancing potential of a reliable IT infrastructure.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.59413/ajocs/v4.i2.5\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/77c458d46f98362e95f723608d5a2ef844a58490\",\n \"result_position\": 31,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 277104462,\n \"title\": \"The impact of artificial intelligence technology on cross-border trade in Southeast Asia: A meta-analytic approach\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jun Cui\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This study investigates the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) technology on cross-border trade using a qualitative content analysis approach. By synthesizing existing empirical studies, we aim to quantify the overall effect of AI on trade flows and identify the key moderating and mediating variables. Besides, our results show that AI adoption significantly increases trade volumes in Southeast Asia. Likewise, these effects are stronger in regions with advanced technological infrastructure and favorable regulatory frameworks. In addition, Trade firm size partially mediates the relationship between AI technology and trade performance. Furthermore, this study draws on several key theoretical frameworks that provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms through which AI technology is affecting cross-border trade in Southeast Asia. The primary theories used in this research include the technology, organization, and environment (TOE) framework, the diffuse innovation (DOI) theory, Dynamic Capabilities Theory, Comparative Advantage Theory, Network theory, Transaction Cost Economics (TCE), the resource-based view, and the institution theory. Consequently, this study contributes to the existing literature by providing a comprehensive analysis of the role of AI in international trade and highlighting the importance of contextual factors in maximizing the benefits of AI. Thus, our findings underscore the need for favorable policies and robust infrastructure to facilitate AI-driven trade growth. A discussion of limitations and future research directions will also be part of the report in Southeast Asia Trade.\",\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/787a08a32028277a7fae7702acf81e9e1c4fcd2d\",\n \"result_position\": 32,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 271164475,\n \"title\": \"Intangible assets, firm value, and performance: does intangible-intensive matter?\",\n \"venue\": \"Cogent Economics & Finance\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Panern Intara\",\n \"Nittikorn Suwansin\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract This study examines the effects of intangible assets and all components of intangible assets on Thai-listed companies’ firm value and performance. The aggregate value of intangible assets and three components of intangible assets, namely identifiable intangible assets (IIA), goodwill (GW), and research and development (R&D), were used as test variables. Firm value, measured by Tobin’s Q, and two measurements of firm performance, return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE), were used as dependent variables. The final sample includes 3,701 observations for ten years from 2012 to 2021 in Thailand. Ordinary least square (OLS) was employed to test the hypotheses. Estimated results show that the aggregate value of intangible assets affects firm value positively. When the aggregate value of intangible assets was classified into three components, IIA positively impacted firm value. In contrast, GW and R&D positively impacted both firm value and performance. We further separated our observations into two groups based on the intangible-intensive profile (IIP). We confirmed that the positive impacts of IIA, GW, and R&D on firm value and performance were higher for IIP firms than for non-IIP firms. Impact statement This study explores the impact of intangible assets on the value and performance of Thai listed companies. We focused on three main components: identifiable intangible assets (IIA), research and development (R&D), and goodwill (GW), along with the aggregate of intangible assets (IA). Results show that these assets positively affect firm value and performance, especially in firms with high intangible-intensive profiles (IIP). The findings highlight that internal processes and unique, inimitable resources drive a firm’s success. Intangible assets collectively contribute to value creation. For executives, prioritizing intangible assets can enhance performance and competitiveness. Investors should focus on intangible assets, particularly R&D, when evaluating stocks. This study contributes to the literature by clarifying the role of intangible assets in firm performance and value, particularly concerning intangible-intensive profiles.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/23322039.2024.2375341\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d228bf6bca8fd748567b07e8fb201ec421dce5d5\",\n \"result_position\": 33,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 234230102,\n \"title\": \"Factors Affecting Outbound Open Innovation Performance in Bio-Pharmaceutical Industry-Focus on Out-Licensing Deals\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Eungdo Kim\",\n \"I. Lee\",\n \"Hongbum Kim\",\n \"Kwangsoo Shin\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Due to the high risk in development process, the bio-pharmaceutical industry has transformed itself into an open innovation framework in order to overcome economic risk. This study examines the relationship between outbound open innovation and financial performance in bio-pharmaceutical industry. Specifically, this study extends knowledge-based view to link the open innovation performance and licensor’s sustainability. In order to provide empirical evidence, this study uses econometric methodology with several databases including bio-pharmaceutical firms. The analysis shows firm’s desorptive capabilities have a significant effect on financial performance, confirming the application of knowledge capacity framework. The result of the study can suggest the way how the licensors can maintain the sustainability of competitiveness in bio-pharmaceutical industry.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/SU13084122\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e3a148bbae223c3990dba06ad54c21dffbf95a49\",\n \"result_position\": 34,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 270291107,\n \"title\": \"Role of Artificial Intelligence in Revenue Management and Pricing Strategies in Hotels\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Modern Hospitality\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Anthony Gatera\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Purpose: The general objective of the study was to investigate the role of Artificial Intelligence in revenue management and pricing strategies in hotels. \\nMethodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. \\nFindings: The findings reveal that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to the role of Artificial Intelligence in revenue management and pricing strategies in hotels. Preliminary empirical review revealed that the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into revenue management and pricing strategies significantly enhanced the financial performance and operational efficiency of hotels. AI's ability to process large datasets in real-time improved demand forecasting and dynamic pricing, leading to increased revenue per available room (RevPAR) and average daily rate (ADR). Additionally, AI facilitated personalized guest experiences, boosting customer satisfaction and loyalty. Despite these benefits, the study identified challenges such as high implementation costs, data privacy concerns, and the need for robust data infrastructure. Addressing these issues through strategic planning and continuous staff training was deemed essential for maximizing AI's potential in the hotel industry. \\nUnique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Diffusion of Innovations theory, Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Resource Based View (RBV) may be used to anchor future studies on the role of AI in revenue management and pricing strategies in hotels. The study concluded that integrating AI into hotel revenue management and pricing strategies significantly enhances performance, contributing to both theoretical and practical advancements. It enriched the Diffusion of Innovations Theory by demonstrating factors influencing AI adoption in hospitality. Practically, it provided actionable insights for hotel managers on leveraging AI for improved key performance indicators and balancing dynamic pricing with customer satisfaction. Policy recommendations included establishing guidelines for AI implementation, enhancing data infrastructure, fostering a culture of innovation, and addressing skills gaps through training and development programs. The study emphasized the need for robust data management systems and regulatory support to facilitate AI adoption.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.47941/jmh.1957\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a6fe8495c32c8ab23839558ca59d40f43299aeed\",\n \"result_position\": 35,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 273202057,\n \"title\": \"Haste Makes Waste: A Moderated Mediation Model of the Mechanisms Linking Artificial Intelligence Advancement to Film Firm Performance\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal on Cybernetics & Informatics\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Zexia Wang\",\n \"Wucheng Han\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in the modern film industry, revolutionizing production processes and redefining audience experiences. This study delves into the mechanisms through which AI advancement impacts film firm performance, with a focus on the mediating roles of innovation speed and quality, and the moderating effect of human-machine collaboration. Employing a resource-based view, we construct a moderated mediation model and analyze data from 355 global film firms. Our findings reveal that AI advancement positively influences film firm performance, with innovation quality serving as a significant mediator. However, the mediating role of innovation speed is not pronounced. Moreover, the degree of human-machine collaboration positively moderates the relationships between AI advancement and both innovation speed and quality. However, its moderating role between AI advancement and firm performance is not significant. The study underscores the theoretical and practical implications of utilizing advanced AI to foster innovation and competitive advantage in film firms.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5121/ijci.2024.130510\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/36a7b083901dbe344f27851ac07c393ff76a69b8\",\n \"result_position\": 36,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 270133052,\n \"title\": \"Organizational Planning and Business Human Resource Management: A Systematic Qualitative Review\",\n \"venue\": \"Business and Investment Review\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"st Dyah\",\n \"A. Kusumaningrum\",\n \"Agung Winarno\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Sustainability in accomplishing organizational objectives is highly dependent on HRM and organizational planning. Organizations confront more complicated problems in today's corporate world because of globalization, sustainability demands, and fast technological progress. In today's business world, effective organizational planning and human resource management techniques are critical for companies to stay competitive and adaptable. This systematic qualitative evaluation aims to examine different methods and practices in human resource management and organizational planning by reviewing a large body of literature. The major goals of this review are to (1) identify current trends, (2) assess the advantages and disadvantages of these trends and solutions, and (3) assess the effect of these tactics on the performance of businesses across different industries. This review sheds light on the relationship between organizational sustainability, HRM practices, and strategic planning by synthesizing and analyzing pertinent papers using a rigorous and open methodology. The results of this review provide scholars and practitioners with actionable advice to improve the efficiency and longevity of organizations.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.61292/birev.110\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f7c664e56e78e367123b5ac2fdd8545bb2a6a280\",\n \"result_position\": 37,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 268829930,\n \"title\": \"Breaking Barriers: Unraveling the Complexities of HR Tech Integration\",\n \"venue\": \"PRODUCTIVITY\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ahmad Muktamar\",\n \"Nurnaningsih A Nurnaningsih A\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This research aims to explore the factors that influence technology adoption by the Human Resources (HR) Department. The research method used is a systematic literature review using academic databases of international reputation over the last ten years. Research findings indicate that factors such as organizational culture, technology adoption, HR competencies, HR analytics, technology availability and accessibility, symbolic adoption, and organizational factors play an important role in HR technology adoption. An organizational culture that supports innovation and technology, as well as the technological competence possessed by HR personnel, are significant factors in influencing technology adoption. Additionally, adequate technology availability and strong organizational support were also found to contribute to higher technology adoption rates. The implications of this research indicate the need for organizations to pay attention to these factors in an effort to increase HR technology adoption. Suggestions for future research include longitudinal research to evaluate the long-term impact of HR technology adoption, as well as research across industries and cultural contexts to understand the factors that influence HR technology adoption more broadly.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.62207/8c2wpp17\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/863d0a7160f85e449500219fc4579af5b8d4911b\",\n \"result_position\": 38,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 271439468,\n \"title\": \"Proposed Business Strategic Improvement to Accelerate Waste Management Business Unit at Building Materials Company (Case Study at Cement Inc)\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Current Science Research and Review\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Merdiano Buyung Maulana Rachman, S.T.\",\n \"Yudo Anggoro, M.S.M., Ph.D.\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The rising environmental concerns and regulatory measures in Indonesia have created new opportunities for the expansion of waste management services in the cement sector, specifically by utilizing thermal technology. The Waste Management Unit (WMU) of Cement Company presents substantial strategic opportunities for expansion and development. After undergoing a merger and acquisition, Cement Inc experienced a transformation and has now become a state-owned firm. This change offers WMU Cement Inc further opportunities for growth and expansion. The objective of this research is to identify the most effective strategy for the Waste Management Business Unit within the Cement Company using the Analytical Hierarchy Process. The study explores three fundamental research question: (1) What is the current situation for WMU Cement Inc in terms of market, money, customer, and organization? (2) What are the obstacles inside the organization and in the external environment that hinder the acceleration of waste management services in Indonesia, resulting in limited value creation for the company? (3) What are the suggested recommendations and strategic choices for the company to enhance its value absorption? The study used the SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) and AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) framework to perform a comprehensive evaluation and evaluate three strategic options for the waste management division: retaining it within the cement firm, expanding it to the cement group as a whole, or establishing it as an independent entity. The results of this study indicate that the most favorable choice (40.6%) is to establish WMU as a separate entity, which offers greater advantages compared to fully integrating with the parent company (30.9%) and keeping the current business operations (28.4%). By creating WMU as an independent organization, it may effectively avoid market and pricing cannibalization amongst its subsidiaries and optimize operations. WMU Cement Inc possesses the capacity to assume a leading role in waste management services by offering waste solutions to all SIG subsidiary plants and other cement makers, including ITP. The benefits of this method include autonomous operations, targeted management, rapid decision-making, and varied income streams achieved via the cultivation of specialized skills and expertise in waste management. This decision presents a chance to attract targeted investments and collaborations that promote innovation and expansion in waste management.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.47191/ijcsrr/v7-i7-64\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8d6cd53331222d59f04d91686f35456793c5a491\",\n \"result_position\": 39,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 263807727,\n \"title\": \"Now and Future Challenges of the Automobile Industry in the Developing World\",\n \"venue\": \"E3S Web of Conferences\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"S. Monye\",\n \"S. Afolalu\",\n \"S. L. Lawal\",\n \"Toluwalope Tomisin Gisanrin\",\n \"Ojo Augustine Oluwatoyin\",\n \"Adewale George Adeyemi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The automotive sector has fuelled economic expansion in several countries. The automotive industry is changing quickly in the areas of response to shifting consumer tastes, the adoption of stronger government rules, and technology innovation. This study examines the current and future challenges faced by the automotive industry in developing countries and explores strategies for fostering growth and addressing these challenges. The automobile industry in developing countries confronts various obstacles, like infrastructure limitations, environmental concerns, lack of skilled workforce and market competitiveness. These challenges hinder the industrial growth and sustainability. However, there are also promising opportunities and future trends that can reshape the industry, such as electric vehicles, autonomous and connected vehicles, shared mobility services, advanced manufacturing techniques, and sustainable materials. To overcome these challenges and promote growth, several recommendations are proposed. These include: infrastructure development to improve accessibility, skill development programs to address skilled workforce shortage and effective policies. By addressing these challenges and implementing the recommended strategies, developing countries can advance growth, improve sustainability, and create a vibrant and competitive automobile industry. Conclusively, collaboration between governments, industry players, academia, and research institutions are vital for overcoming challenges, and achieving long-term success in evolving automotive landscape.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1051/e3sconf/202343001221\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/63727540f219f15e3158c786b00b8ad368cc226b\",\n \"result_position\": 40,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 268882722,\n \"title\": \"Strategic Model for SMEs: A Conceptual Framework for Navigating Business Success in South Sumatra\",\n \"venue\": \"PaperASIA\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ardio Sagita\",\n \"Mohd Salahudin Shamsudin\",\n \"Azahari Ramli\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This study focuses on the development of a strategic model to enhance the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Recognizing the significant contribution of SMEs to national GDP globally, particularly in Indonesia, this study focuses on South Sumatra to explore tailored approaches for SME optimization in the region. The study presents an in-depth analysis of the relationship between business strategy and SME performance, considering the business environment of South Sumatra as a key moderating factor. The study aims to provide actionable insights and strategies for SMEs in South Sumatra by offering a comprehensive framework that aligns strategic initiatives with regional market dynamics. This endeavor is geared towards boosting their performance and, consequently, their contribution to the broader Indonesian economy. The ultimate goal is to establish a robust, adaptable model for SME success in varied economic landscapes, with a particular focus on the distinctive challenges and opportunities in South Sumatra.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.59953/paperasia.v40i2b.90\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5620cf1824cca94e3278c08a17ecaabdc8db923c\",\n \"result_position\": 41,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 268224236,\n \"title\": \"Board diversity and value creation for business sustainability\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Asian Scientific Research\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Aida Maria Ismail\",\n \"Ariff Ali\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The primary objective of a firm is not the creation of profit; it is the creation of value for shareholders. Corporations need to be innovative to create value, and this entails the need for corporations to embark on research and development (R&D) endeavors. This study’s objective is to determine the impact of Malaysian publicly listed companies’ board diversity (qualification, gender, and age) on the intensity of companies’ R&D investment. In conjunction with the 2017 Malaysian Code on Corporate Governance’s, which took on a new approach that promotes board diversity in corporate governance culture, samples were selected from the Minority Shareholders Watch Group ’s Malaysia: List of Top 100 Companies Overall CG & Performance (By Rank) from 2017-2019, which portrayed good corporate governance practices. The agency theory and the resource-based view were integrated to explain the effects of board diversity on R&D investment. Tests and analysis were conducted, and the results indicated that only age diversity had a positive influence on R&D investment. Practitioners could use the findings of this study to choose the ideal board composition for a company looking to gain a competitive edge. Regulators could also use this study to develop good corporate governance procedures for Malaysian publicly traded companies. The findings of this study may not truly portray the overall industries listed in Bursa Malaysia, as the samples used were limited and the data of certain companies was unavailable.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.55493/5003.v14i1.4993\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e3228a22095ba6c16ed33b201e7ecb0ca0f385cb\",\n \"result_position\": 42,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 259925016,\n \"title\": \"An Enterprise View for Artificial Intelligence Capability and Governance: A System Dynamics Approach\",\n \"venue\": \"Digit. Gov. Res. Pract.\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"L. Luna-Reyes\",\n \"T. M. Harrison\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The government “enterprise” consists of a complex set of organizations with a multitude of goals and values, serving an equally diverse group of constituents. Because of this complexity, governing technology and data to support artificial intelligence (AI) capability has proven to be a difficult task that—according to experts—requires a systems perspective in its design and implementation. In this article, we take a conceptual approach to respond to this call from experts by providing working definitions of both enterprise data governance and a systems approach to management. Using these working definitions and data from municipal governments in Mexico, we develop a system dynamics model to explore some potential tradeoffs in the process of developing an enterprise view of information systems and data to create capability to develop AI applications in government. Simulation experiments suggest that an emphasis on governance of IT may create a strong foundation for the development of AI capability.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1145/3609228\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/de239e5884cd7e01706e61342cf0824ee322ccfb\",\n \"result_position\": 43,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 260039129,\n \"title\": \"Technology orientation and sustained competitive advantage in star rated hotels in Kenya\",\n \"venue\": \"The University Journal\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Robert Muriithi\",\n \"J. M. Ngari\",\n \"Zoni M Mwangi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Luxury hotels face an increasingly complex environment that calls for ingenuity in sustaining competitive advantage. This paper examinesthe influence of technology orientation on sustained competitive advantage in four- and five-star hotels in Kenya. The study was anchored on the resourcebased viewdue to its support for sustained competitive advantage and internal resources inhighly competitive environments. The study followed the positivism research paradigm and applied a descriptive correlational research design. The sample comprised 283 senior managers and a five-point Likert scale questionnaire was used to collect data. Structural Equation Modelling was used to analyze structural relationships and test hypothesis. The results established that technology orientation had a positive and significant influence (p<0.05) on sustained competitive advantagein the operations of four-and five-star hotels. The study concluded that constantly and creatively upgrading technology standards for front desk, reservations and in-room amenities enhanced technology orientation. The study has implications for industry stakeholders and policymakers toinvest in research and development, acquisition of new technology and application of the latest technologies.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.59952/tuj.v5i1.136\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8b23995bcc2de76303d09771c526c8eb6e582218\",\n \"result_position\": 44,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 267175942,\n \"title\": \"Managing Product Features and Customer Satisfaction via Product Development, Product Branding, and Product Packaging: Evidence from CWAY Table Water\",\n \"venue\": \"Marketing and branding research\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Oyenuga Micahel Oyedele\",\n \"Ekweogwu Fredrick\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Customer satisfaction has become a source of worry to most organizations, including the table water business. The table water industry is one of the most competitive markets in Nigeria today and due to its portability and affordability, it is seen as a lucrative trade to venture into. However, this has also led to the proliferation of mushroom table water companies and has made it difficult for some companies to maintain their customer base. Therefore, this study examines the effect of product features on customer satisfaction of veritas table water. The population of this study comprised of 3037 customers of CWAY Table Water Abuja, Nigeria. The sample size of 353 was derived through Taro Yamane’s sample size formula. Data for this study was collected using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used for data analysis. The findings from the study revealed that product development and features have positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction of CWAY Table Water. It was generally concluded that product features have significant effect on the customer satisfaction of CWAY Table Water. This study recommends there should be very strong emphasis on the development of new and innovative products, the management of CWAY Table Water to embrace all the indicators of product branding to be able optimally maximize its benefits and embrace innovative ideas, monitoring and responding to the changes in the needs of the customers.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.32038/mbr.2023.10.01.03\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d2fa8a3fa3ae39f99e7f5a48bfbe664ed6fac341\",\n \"result_position\": 45,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 263688415,\n \"title\": \"Entrepreneurial Orientation as a Predictor of Organization Performance: A Perspective of State Corporations in the Energy Sector in Kenya\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Managerial Studies and Research\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Eunice M'mboga\",\n \"D. Kinyua\",\n \"Dr.Patricia Kung'u\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \": Kenya's energy sector has generally underperformed, particularly in terms of efficiency and management. Furthermore, statistics show that strategic objectives in the energy sector, such as increasing electricity generation capacity, the goals of improving access to services and information, boosting stakeholder satisfaction, and upgrading technology have not been accomplished, resulting in poor results. This study investigated the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on the organization performance of government entities in Kenya's energy sector. The research was based on resource based view, dynamic capabilities theory and the balanced scorecard. The philosophy used in this study was positivism philosophy. The research design was cross-sectional, including inferential and descriptive analysis. The study's target group included 11 Kenyan state corporations with 887 managers. A sample size of 285 respondents was chosen using a stratified random selection procedure. The respondents were managers in the fields of human resources, accounting, marketing, operations, corporate affairs, procurement, and supply chain management as well as information and communication technology, administration, finance, and business strategy development. To acquire primary data, a semi-structured questionnaire was used. Quantitative data was analyzed and presented using figures and tables, as well as descriptive and inferential statistics. Tables and pie charts were used to convey quantitative data. The findings of the research demonstrated entrepreneurial orientation had a significant effect on performance of state corporations in Kenya's energy sector. The findings of the study contribute to the body of knowledge thereby enriching the formulation of policies and best practices in entrepreneurial orientation. Management of energy state corporations should entrench activities and practices the foster entrepreneurial orientation so as to optimize organizational outcomes. Future researchers should focus on other sectors such as health, education, agriculture, water, and the private sectors considering the use of both financial and non-financial attributes of organization performance.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.20431/2349-0349.1109003\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/999e09d37f5e8139be30c6f3de03efb28154e207\",\n \"result_position\": 46,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 248304301,\n \"title\": \"Digital-based SME Innovation Development Strategy: Marketing, Entrepreneurship Insight and Knowledge Management\",\n \"venue\": \"Golden Ratio of Mapping Idea and Literature Format\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Daduk Merdika Mansur\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The success factor for the knowledge sharing from a management point of view, RBV views that substantially the success factor for knowledge sharing is fully held by business leaders. Leaders are seen as the main driving force for business organizations, because all policies and work procedures that a leader will implement in the organization will shape perceptions, culture and will also affect future organizational activities. Support from all parties is needed, not only the role of the leader but also the cooperation and involvement of employees. Refer to the resume of 20 recent Scopus indexed publications. Mapping the literature in this study provides several clues and propositions which can be clearly seen in this paper.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.52970/grmilf.v2i1.179\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9f081837e948d9bd6723df6d81765154221f9e90\",\n \"result_position\": 47,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 238210286,\n \"title\": \"Role of HRIS and Knowledge Sharing Behaviour towards Innovation Capability: Moderating role of Organizational Citizenship Behaviour\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Madiha Shaikh\",\n \"M. Diwan\",\n \"Ramesh Kumar\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The objective of the study was to examine the impact of HRIS usage and knowledge sharing behaviour on the innovation capability of banking sector employees. The study also investigated the moderating role of organizational citizenship behaviour in the effect of HRIS usage and knowledge sharing behaviour on innovation capability. Resource-Based View and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour theories are applied in this research. This study is based on a quantitative approach for data collection and the data was examined using a correlational research design. The target population of this study is based on the employees of private banks of Karachi, Pakistan. The sample size was 187 responses which were analyzed using linear regression. The results showed that human resource information system usage has a positive and significant effect on employee’s innovation capacity. Similarly, knowledge-sharing behaviour was also found positive but had an insignificant effect on employee’s innovation capacity. The results also demonstrated that organizational citizenship behaviour has a positive and significant moderated effect on the relationship of human resource information systems and employee’s innovation capacity and in the relationship between knowledge-sharing behaviour and employee’s innovation capacity. This study provides a model to management leaders and practitioners who can look into employees’ creative capabilities and leverage them. The study suggests that certain actions need to be implemented by top management to foster a positive attitude towards employees' innovation capacity through proper HRIS usage and knowledge-sharing behaviour over the span of time. Lastly, implications and avenues for future research are also suggested at the end of the paper.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.52633/jemi.v3i2.75\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e8b089abd1e93e3d89a6fd8cbe62f990c011f29f\",\n \"result_position\": 48,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 238998203,\n \"title\": \"The Role of Cloud Computing Fashionable the Strategic Growth of Business Enterprises in India\",\n \"venue\": \"Asian Journal of Research in Computer Science\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Richard Essah\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In this 21st Century technology extent of time and worldwide integration, various narrow and medium enterprises exist adopting cloud calculate for their trade operations. Cloud calculate exist an increasing information in visible form Centre technology in accordance with the becoming more intense traffic connected to the internet fashionable the period of the Internet of Things (IoT). These electronics outwit the defect of conventional servers for speed, scalability and effectiveness. However, skilled exist still narrow enterprises that exist undecided of the appropriate of cloud computing time in military operation fashionable trade movement. Thus, this paper is inscribed to survey the views of person who is very involved in education and learning about the benefits of cloud computing rite of a fashionable trade movement that motivate bureaucracy to legally care for business enterprise. The aims of the study include to ascertain the benefits of cloud to small-scale enterprises in India, to determine the challenges facing cloud users and to unravel the strategies that can improve the strategic growth of cloud users in India enterprises. The researcher used a case study design and a qualitative research approach. The place of the study is Chandigarh University of India and Busy Network company in India.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.9734/ajrcos/2021/v12i130275\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4289c673dc0cf443ac76c590e83896fa10006961\",\n \"result_position\": 49,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 189064811,\n \"title\": \"PENERAPAN KONSEP RESOURCES-BASED VIEW (RBV) DALAM UPAYA MEMPERTAHANKAN KEUNGGULAN BERSAING PERUSAHAAN\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Dani Rahadian Muharam\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Di dalam kondisi lingkungan yang serba tidak pasti, serta tingkat persaingan semakin tinggi, keunggulan kompetitif organisasi bisnis menjadi semakin pendek dan sulit untuk dipertahankan. Menghadapi keadaan tersebut, diperlukan strategi dalam upaya mempertahankan keunggulan kompetitif secara berkelanjutan. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan, melalui kemampuan teknologi dan kemampuan dinamis dalam mengelola sumber-sumber daya yang dimiliki. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauhmana konsep Resources-Based View ( RBV) berperan dalam memberikan solusi terhadap upaya perusahaan mempertahankan keunggulan bersaingnya secara berkelanjutan. Metode yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah studi literatur, yaitu dengan mengkaji sumber-sumber bacaan yang berkaitan dengan konsep keunggulan bersaing melalui pendekatan RBV. Berdasarkan hasil kajian, suatu perusahaan pada umumnya akan memiliki kemampuan di atas kinerja para pesaingnya bila mampu menerapkan konep RBV. Hal tersebut dikarenakan perusahaan lebih fokus dalam mengidentifikasi dan mengelola potensi sumber daya ( tangible dan intangible) yang dimiliki, sehingga memiliki keunggulan bersaing dalam jangka panjang. Kata kunci: keunggulan bersaing, pandangan berbasis sumber daya, siklus hidup kemampuan.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.31113/JIA.V14I1.4\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/be781390e1dc3e61973b25a3275a10f76b5ca0e1\",\n \"result_position\": 50,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 234582175,\n \"title\": \"Talent Management and Employees’ Retention in the Nigeria Banking Industry: A Study of United Bank for Africa\",\n \"venue\": \"International journal of business management\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ochuko Mary Amori\",\n \"Olumola Falilat Becky\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"employees (Baheshtiffar, 2011). Employees’ retention is one of the imperative matters within competitive organizations today as employees are the greatest valuable assets in any organization. Employees’ retention refers to the retention of talented or high potential employees identified by the organization, and to whom the talent management initiatives are engrossed. Normally it is in a firm’s best interest to put its effort in retaining the talented employees that they have, and not hiring anyone new Abstract : In recent times, organizations are faced with the challenges of employees leaving for better offer. This has left most organizations coming up with talent management strategy that can retain their employees. Talent management is the activities done by the management to keep their employees updated, engaged and compensated. The paper therefore investigates the effect of talent management on employees’ retention: to examine the effect of training and development programs on employees’ retention, to determine the effect of compensation policies on employees’ retention and to ascertain the effect of employees’ engagement on employee’ retention. A primary source of data was used where a survey was conducted on the staff of UBA Plc. Marina branch, Lagos State. Data was analyzed using linear regression method of inferential statistics which was applied to test the significant of the hypotheses using t-statistic of co-efficient of the linear regression model with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings show that training and development, compensation policies and employees’ engagement have significant effect on employees’ retention at 0.000, 0.000 and 0.000 respectively and the variables having strong positive relationship at 0.75 percent. The paper concluded that organization with effective retention system reduces operational cost via reduction in training newly recruited employees. The study therefore, recommended that management should make training and re-training of all staff compulsory, give suitable compensation to employees for work performance without any form of business politics and create a flexible culture of decentralized technique whereby employees at lower level of the organization can also be part of the decision-making processes. The correlation coefficient of 0.874 shows a strong positive linear relationship between the dependent and independent variables. The R-squared value of 0.832 and the adjusted R-squared of 0.830 shows that about 83 percent of variations in employees’ retention is attributed to employees’ engagement.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.24940/THEIJBM/2020/V8/I11/BM2011-023\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/756226d3e4b4ab4837e94cb657c06a98c6f78aff\",\n \"result_position\": 51,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 169234817,\n \"title\": \"Exploiting Regio-centric Product Advantage to Increase Small and Medium Enterprises' (SMEs) Marketing Performance\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ahmad Hanfan\",\n \"A. Setiawan\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This research aims to examine the role of regiocentric product advantage to improve SMEs marketing performance.The concept of regiocentric product advantage is proposed in this study as a variable that plays an important role in improving marketing performance. The research is also conducted because of the business phenomenon that is the decrease in the number of entrepreneurs and the number of workers in salted egg industry Brebes District, Central Java Province, Indonesia.The study has developed four hypotheses using data collected from 118 respondents of salted egg SMEs companies.The statistical analysis processed with AMOS 22 concludes that the research hypotheses are accepted. That is the product development capability with regiocentric product advantage, the regiocentric product image capability with regiocentric product advantage, the customer sensing quality with regiocentric product advantage and the regiocentric product advantage with marketing performance are correlated.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.35808/ijeba/154\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f459382525d9ec87b770cfd952e25ce35dfee67a\",\n \"result_position\": 52,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 195818022,\n \"title\": \"Thematic Review for Modeling of Outsourcing Theories\",\n \"venue\": \"The Journal of Social Sciences Research\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Kashif Latif\",\n \"M. Ismail\",\n \"Mohammad Nazri\",\n \"M. Mohd\",\n \"M. I. Qureshi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This study explained various theories by comparing their phases for modeling of outsourcing theories. This research is based on extensive literature reviews, which direct to the classification of different outsourcing theories for its modeling. All these models, theories with respect to its outsourcing phases have their own advantages and disadvantages, thus a critical analysis is required in order to achieve useful conclusions for the organizations who intend to implement such theories. The review of the Outsourcing theories is based on preparation, vendor(s) selection, transition, management of relationship, and reconsideration phases.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.32861/jssr.spi2.303.311\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/789380358056ab4e4d7b3569a2698d3b46e47298\",\n \"result_position\": 53,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 55086002,\n \"title\": \"TMT Cognition, First Mover Advantages and Firm Entreprenuerial Performance: A Review of Literature\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Rahab W Ngugi\",\n \"J. Kilika\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Top Management Teams (TMT) cognition play a strategic role in the decision making process in any firm. It is critical for firms to integrate managerial strategic thinking, which is rooted in managerial cognition, into the strategic process. Hence TMT cognition can be seen to be a key intangible resource of the firm. The speed and efficiency of the firm’s response to the rapidly changing environment is vital to firm performance. Firm’s can integrate corporate entrepreneurship as a corporate strategy to achieve competitiveness in the market. This paper presents a review of extant theoretical and empirical literature on two constructs, TMT cognition and first mover advantages and their link to firm entrepreneurial performance. Relevant theories have been reviewed, constructs and operational indicators have also been identified, comparison against empirical studies and the emergent knowledge gap is identified. This paper proposes a theoretical model for guiding future scholarship in strategic management.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5539/ibr.v11n6p110\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f46af80a02b494924da636ec1abc3967c8b127b3\",\n \"result_position\": 54,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 54031000,\n \"title\": \"Firm Performance in the Context of Knowledge Based Intensive Sector: A Theoretical Review\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"E. Wandiga\",\n \"J. Kilika\",\n \"Rosemary James\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The operations function of an organization plays a strategic role in the success of organizations as it addresses key decisions that determine the utilization of economic resources in the value creation process to deliver goods and services. While the function has been sufficiently studied and documented in the manufacturing sector, little has been done reflecting the services sector. This paper presents a review of the extant theoretical and empirical literature on two constructs linked to operations strategy in the context of a knowledge intensive sector in the phenomenon leading to firm performance. The relevant theories are reviewed, constructs and their operational indicators identified and compared against extant empirical work and emergent knowledge gaps identified. The paper finally proposes a multidisciplinary based theoretical model suitable for advancing knowledge in this area together with the accompanying implications for future research.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5539/ijbm.v12n8p234\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/57ffc3cce29658c06e0dba7aa7fffc1a66361ac3\",\n \"result_position\": 55,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 167153818,\n \"title\": \"A Critical Review of the Resource-based View of the Firm\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2008,\n \"authors\": [\n \"O. Truijens\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/471a0363629fba4501ed7ddb60976a089b1e2264\",\n \"result_position\": 56,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 147049622,\n \"title\": \"The Discovery of HR from Strategy-as-Practice Perspective: A Case Study in Durable Consumer Goods Industry\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2015,\n \"authors\": [\n \"P. Acar\",\n \"F. G. Gurbuz\",\n \"Müjdelen I. Yener\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract The aim of this study is to explore Human Resource Management (HRM) practices from Strategy-as-Practice (S-as-P) perspective in a company which has a reputable brand at an international level. The research also tries to discover the missing link between Strategy-as-Practice and HRM. In addition, the study tries to explain how S-as-P and HR interact and work together. This study was performed as a case study through using qualitative research methods. In the research, interview techniques which are semi-structured and open-ended questioning was used. The sample of the study is composed of HR directors, Strategic Planning directors and employees. This study is original in the nature as it tries to discuss Strategic HR from strategy as practice perspective.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/J.SBSPRO.2015.10.102\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b2e790779c9ebb72b59cc2d4cbcbcce570562a01\",\n \"result_position\": 57,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 153721635,\n \"title\": \"Coordinating the processes of resource enrichment and capability deployment: Lessons from IT implementation at a medium-sized accounting firm\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2014,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Gary S. C. Pan\",\n \"Sayyen Teoh\",\n \"P. Seow\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Purpose – The purpose of this paper has been to address the research question of how are the processes of resource enrichment and capability deployment coordinated during information technology (IT) implementation at a small- and medium-sized accounting firm (SMAF)? Increasingly, organizations need to respond to a wide range of IT-based opportunities and pressures. The situation is no different in an accounting firm. Many accounting practitioners have advocated investment in IT to improve accounting firms’ productivity. To date, there are many instances of how IT has radically transformed the nature of accounting practice. Nevertheless, little is known about how IT capability is developed in SMAFs. In particular, the resource enrichment process during IT capability development has been understudied. Design/methodology/approach – The strategy of this paper was to undertake qualitative case research of an ERP systems upgrading project at SMAF. The case study approach is particularly appropriate for this exp...\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1108/IJAIM-07-2013-0043\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4c4fbbe38bf235aaf317951372692547b593b6a6\",\n \"result_position\": 58,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 91176958,\n \"title\": \"The cornerstones of competitive advantage: A resource‐based view\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 1993,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Margaret A. Peteraf\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1002/SMJ.4250140303\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b887a50a2892b4f6a0b9f019633fdfab38227718\",\n \"result_position\": 59,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 268010466,\n \"title\": \"Analyzing the Role of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Optimizing Supply Chain Processes in Kenya\",\n \"venue\": \"International journal of supply chain management\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"John M Mwangi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in optimizing supply chain processes \\nMethodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. \\nFindings: Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) play a pivotal role in optimizing supply chain processes by enhancing demand forecasting accuracy through sophisticated algorithms. They streamline inventory management by predicting demand patterns and automating replenishment tasks, leading to reduced stockouts and excess inventory. AI-powered analytics enable real-time insights into supply chain performance, identifying bottlenecks and inefficiencies for proactive decision-making. \\nUnique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Theory of technology acceptance model (TAM), resource-based view (RBV) theory & dynamic capabilities theory may be used to anchor future studies on analyzing the role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in optimizing supply chain processes. Encourage supply chain stakeholders to adopt blockchain solutions for enhanced transparency, traceability, and efficiency. Advocate for regulatory frameworks that promote the adoption of blockchain technology in supply chains while addressing concerns related to data privacy, interoperability, and standardization.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.47604/ijscm.2322\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d31566d338ed9f7b9934b30c83400fefe947964e\",\n \"result_position\": 60,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 263817296,\n \"title\": \"The Relationship Between Innovative Behavior and Business Intelligence System Adoption as Mediated by Competitive Intelligence and Moderated by Innovative Dynamism\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Alwi Mahmudin\",\n \"Ainul Mohsein ABDUL MOHSIN\",\n \"Balqis Faqihah binti Rajak\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The Relationship Between Innovative Behavior and Business Intelligence System Adoption as Mediated by Competitive Intelligence and Moderated\",\n \"doi\": \"10.6007/ijarafms/v13-i3/17999\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ec4ee22127be915551b478c386bc1785c7bc3e5f\",\n \"result_position\": 61,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 256974900,\n \"title\": \"Management of Green Competitive Advantage: A Systematic Literature Review and Research Agenda\",\n \"venue\": \"Economies\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Rista Bintara\",\n \"Winwin Yadiati\",\n \"Muhammad Wahyudin Zarkasyi\",\n \"Nanny Dewi Tanzil\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The success or failure of a company is acquired from a competition, which requires a specific strategy to achieve competitive goals and benefits. One of these strategies is green competitive advantage (GCA) management, initially introduced in 2011, which is highly considered and identified as a management concept. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate a systematic review of GCA management. It emphasizes the analysis of trending literature, geography, and other factors influencing GCA. It also prioritizes the impact obtained when adopting GCA as a framework to support organizational sustainability. This study is the first literature review that presents GCA management. The results show that the application of green innovation and high environmental awareness led to the development of improved performance, a better competitive advantage, and sustainable business. This study highlights significant theoretical and practical contributions. From a theoretical perspective, it allows one to synthesize GCA outcomes to describe better how it affects organizations and the environment. From a practical perspective, it provides concrete implications for policymakers in defining the best mechanism for developing green innovation to achieve competitive advantage and business sustainability. Meanwhile, the actual outputs of this process are emphasized for practitioners, which subsequently enables easier access and increased GCA literacy for practitioners and stakeholders to encourage the selection of organizational GCs (green changes), especially concerning the role of GCA as a promotional and sustainable business framework.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/economies11020066\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e0bd7def3bb90235f179ac239bcfb12afe75ab2b\",\n \"result_position\": 62,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 270841096,\n \"title\": \"The Interplay of Corporate Social Responsibility, Innovation Capability, Organizational Learning, and Sustainable Value Creation: Does Stakeholder Engagement Matter?\",\n \"venue\": \"Sustainability\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Tahir Alshukri\",\n \"Opeoluwa Seun Ojekemi\",\n \"Tolga Öz\",\n \"A. Alzubi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"At the crossroads of innovation and responsibility, our study delves into CSR’s pivotal role in steering organizations toward sustainable value creation. Combining the frameworks of stakeholder theory, the resource-based view, and dynamic capabilities theory, this study examines the influence of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in enhancing sustainable value creation (SVC), with a keen focus on how organizational learning (OL) and innovation capability (IC) mediate this relationship and the degree to which stakeholder engagement (SE) moderates the impact of CSR on OL, IC, and SVC. Using a quantitative research approach, 416 managers in the Turkish manufacturing sector (e.g., textiles, building materials, and food processing firms) were surveyed using electronic and physical questionnaires. To test the research model, AMOS 24 was employed. The results confirmed that CSR positively influences SVC, OL, and IC; OL and IC positively influence SVC; OL and IC partially mediate the relationship between CSR and SVC. Likewise, the findings suggest that stakeholder engagement (SE) plays a moderate role in strengthening the relationship between CSR and organizational learning (OL), CSR and innovation capability (IC), and CSR and sustainable value creation (SVC), with increased SE enhancing the positive effect of CSR on OL, IC, and SVC. This study explains the complex ways that CSR enhances SVC, focusing on OL and IC’s mediating roles and SE’s moderating effects. It offers manufacturing sectors in Turkey useful information for promoting sustainability and innovation.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/su16135511\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fae33298c7a5548621a1d684cf4b00893180670d\",\n \"result_position\": 63,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 277169767,\n \"title\": \"Effects of Strategic Alignment on Firm Performance: A Case of Mabati Rolling Mills, Kenya\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of business and strategic management\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Stephen Oyondi Olieka\",\n \"Dennis Juma\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Purpose: This research examines the impact of strategic alignment on firm performance, focusing on four key restructuring variables: strategic conversations, participation, motivation, and capacity building. \\nMethodology: A descriptive survey design was used, targeting 281 management and staff, with a stratified random sample of 140 respondents. Data was collected through validated questionnaires and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical methods. \\nFindings: Findings indicate that improved communication channels enhanced efficiency and ethical standards, though bureaucracy persisted despite protocol adherence. The reward system boosted performance, yet some employees lacked necessary amenities. Overall, strategic alignment positively impacted production, profitability, and market positioning—key indicators of strong performance. \\nUnique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: The study provides valuable insights for manufacturing stakeholders, recommending enhanced strategic practices to optimize performance. Additionally, policymakers should implement supportive frameworks to improve workplace conditions and maximize employee productivity. Greater stakeholder engagement in decision-making is also advised to enhance organizational efficiency and competitiveness.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.47941/jbsm.2592\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d6777436b5ee41f004167ce88fe9207fa7c601c9\",\n \"result_position\": 64,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 278025711,\n \"title\": \"Enhancing firm performance through mutual respect and green compensation: The role of organizational culture as a moderating variable\",\n \"venue\": \"Diponegoro International Journal of Business\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Rahardika Bagaskara\",\n \"S. Suharnomo\",\n \"M. S. Perdhana\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In today's competitive and environmentally conscious business landscape, organizations are increasingly adopting green compensation systems to align employee incentives with sustainability goals. This study investigates the impact of the Green Compensation System, Organizational Culture, and Mutual Respect on firm performance using Structural Equation Modeling with Partial Least Squares (SEM PLS) for data analysis. The findings reveal that the Green Compensation System positively influences Mutual Respect, confirming the first hypothesis (H1). Additionally, a robust organizational culture significantly enhances firm performance, supporting the second hypothesis (H2). Furthermore, Mutual Respect significantly contributes to improved firm performance, validating the third hypothesis (H3). These results underscore the importance of integrating environmentally sustainable compensation programs, fostering a strong organizational culture through open communication, continuous training, and employee recognition. Moreover, strategies to enhance mutual respect among employees are essential. By adopting these recommendations, organizations can achieve superior performance and ensure long-term sustainability. \",\n \"doi\": \"10.14710/dijb.7.2.2024.166-176\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/94e42785da4d07cbb7e29aab8c50a3f26eb047bf\",\n \"result_position\": 65,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 272006156,\n \"title\": \"Evaluating the Impact of Customer Engagement on Customer Retention for Sustainable Bank Operations\",\n \"venue\": \"British journal of management and marketing studies\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Udodiugwu, M. I.\",\n \"Eneremadu, K. E.\",\n \"Njoku, C. O.\",\n \"Anyaegbunam, C. E.\",\n \"Obiakor, U. J.\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Purpose; The study conducted a comprehensive analysis to determine the influence of customer engagement on customer retention at Guaranty Trust Bank Plc, centring on the Asaba region in Delta State, Nigeria. Method; This research employed a cross-sectional survey methodology and utilised a questionnaire as the primary data collection tool, drawing responses from a total of 417 participants, consisting of both bank staff and customers. The collected data was subjected to rigorous validation and reliability testing. The research utilised inferential statistics, including the Sampled Paired Test and Cronbach Alpha, with the aid of SPSS version 25, to evaluate the hypotheses. Result; The results uncovered significant positive impacts of various forms of customer engagement on different aspects of customer behaviour. Limitation; This study was limited to only Guaranty Trust Bank plc in Asaba, Delta State Nigeria, and also explored the content scope of customer engagement and retention. Contributions; The study has contributed to the wealth of knowledge in theory and practices, and it has also given insight into why commercial banks in Nigeria should hold firmly on the strategies of customer engagements.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.52589/bjmms-ri8psagd\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f1a6a3bd819bf830e8137e19189aab5cd2143cc4\",\n \"result_position\": 66,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 270409338,\n \"title\": \"Understanding performance of public hospitals: operational strategies approach in Kajiado County, Kenya\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Research In Business and Social Science\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Judith Nyaboga\",\n \"S. M. Muathe\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The performance of the healthcare sector is crucial for delivering optimal patients care and creating efficient healthcare systems. However, Kajiado County in Kenya faces various challenges that obstruct effective performance. This paper aims to assess the impact of operational strategies on performances of public hospitals in Kajiado County, Kenya. Specifically, it aimed to investigate the effect of information management strategy, continuous quality improvement strategy, innovation strategy, and resources management strategy on hospital performance. This study was anchored on balanced scorecard model, resource-based theory, quality improvement theory, and technology acceptance model, and employed a descriptive research design. Primary data was gathered through questionnaires distributed to full-time healthcare workers, following a successful pilot study in Narok County. Data collection utilized the drop-and-pick later method. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software was used to analyze the data, involving descriptive statistics such as percentages, frequencies, means, and standard deviations while multiple regression model was used to test the relationship between independent variables and the dependent variable. Main findings of the study revealed that there exists a statistically significant relation between information management strategy and hospital performance, as well as continuous quality improvement strategy, innovation strategy, and resource management strategy, respectively. Consequently, the study recommended that the County Health Department should initiate a comprehensive training program for healthcare professionals, collaborate with hospital management to adopt innovative technologies, and identify and address skill gaps while promoting a positive work environment within public hospitals in Kajiado County. These actions aim to enhance hospital performance and ultimately improve patient care in the region.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.20525/ijrbs.v13i4.3356\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6ebd652f030a62a73e17094316930b0222d4ab90\",\n \"result_position\": 67,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 263632428,\n \"title\": \"The Integration of Supply Chain and Digitalization: The Influence on SME’s Business Performance in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Digitainability, Realism & Mastery (DREAM)\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Mu Qing Lei\",\n \"Chee Wei Ming\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The scale of the enterprise organization industry has steadily grown in recent years as a result of the rapid development of the global economy; however, the situation additionally contends with obstacles such as natural catastrophes, policy changes, political situations, and other unforeseen factors that may also trigger threats in the supply chain. The objective of this research is to examine the impact of supply chain digitalization and internal integration, also referred to as Supply Chain 4.0, on the performance of small medium businesses. This research illuminates the advantages and prospects associated with the implementation of contemporary supply chain strategies. It accomplishes this by examining the impact of incorporating digital technologies and integrating supply chain processes on different dimensions of small business performance, including efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and customer satisfaction. The development of conceptual framework in this study will be able to contribute the digital transformation of supply chain theoretically through our framework and expansion of knowledge by examining the influence between digitalization, supply chain integration, and small business performance such as operational efficiency, cost reduction, customer satisfaction, and overall competitiveness.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.56982/dream.v2i09.154\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ed27dabc48f7e9aa04c24a9e79cef6e9d81aa688\",\n \"result_position\": 68,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 235692730,\n \"title\": \"The Mediating Role of Employee Innovativeness on the Nexus between Internet Banking and Employee Performance: Evidence from the Republic of Congo\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jean Baptiste Bernard Pea-Assounga\",\n \"H. Yao\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In recent years, banks have begun to realize the importance of Internet banking services and their connection with the banking sector. The main purpose of this article was to find the mediating role of employee innovativeness in the relationship between Internet banking and employee performance of certain banks in the Republic of Congo. A 350-sample size was considered, and a partial least square and structural model equation was used for data analysis. The research results suggested that Internet banking positively affects employee performance and employee innovativeness. They also confirmed that employee innovativeness partially mediates the relationship between Internet banking and employee performance. The theoretical model was built based on Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) Theory, Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) Model, Absorptive Capacity Theory (ACT), and Resource-Based View Theory. This work makes a more accurate contribution to the literature on Internet banking and employee performance. The study further provided recommendations and suggests directions for future studies.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1155/2021/6610237\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3c8065b9b065ece16a31f5763d02d1f07879c34c\",\n \"result_position\": 69,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 247928805,\n \"title\": \"The Role of Tri Hita Karana Culture as Moderating the Effect of Competence on Business Performance through Competitive Advantage\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of economics, finance and management studies\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"I. Ariani\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Performance is an important factor in the survival of MSME actors. The small business sector in Bali is in dire need of continuous performance so that the welfare of business actors can be sustainable. Culture is the thing that distinguishes each region in carrying out its business ethics, by adhering to culture, a sector that is solid in maintaining a green environment, human relations and God. This study wants to examine the moderating role of Local Wisdom (Tri Hita Karana) on Competence and Business Performance of small businesses. Quantitative method is used with purposive sampling technique of 86 samples from the Slovin formula. Moderation Local wisdom provides a competency boost to performance. The existence of caring for the environment, others and adhering to God's teachings, norms and responsibilities become greater.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.47191/jefms/v5-i4-02\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/01b939dfe8fef158bfd5cd58cf50732cd7378794\",\n \"result_position\": 70,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 243639562,\n \"title\": \"The Impact of Market Orientation and Entrepreneurial Orientation on Firm Performance of Wholesale and Retailer SMES in Malaysia\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ali Saleh Amer Maaodhah\",\n \"Harcharanjit Singh\",\n \"Zainab Mohammed Alwan Al-Juboori\",\n \"Abdul Latif Bin Allah Pitchy\",\n \"Iwuchukwu Ekene\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"There is a considerable signal from empirical studies that many factors influence firm performance. The purpose of this conceptual paper is to review the impact of two (2) important variable which are market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation on the performance of wholesaler and retailer Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)operating in Malaysia. Based on a systematic literature review, present conceptual framework has been developed. The present conceptual paper emphasizes on the importance of market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation and how these two factors could have an influence on firm performance. Present paper provides a valuable information to the owner/managers of wholesaler and retailer SMEs in Malaysia regarding their market strategies and entrepreneurial processes. The expected results for the resent conceptual paper would support the hypotheses that market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation have a positive impact on firm performance. Resource-Based View (RBV) theory was used to underlie the conceptual framework. In addition, some implications of this conceptual model for theory and practice are discussed.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.6007/ijarbss/v11-i6/10019\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/56f38690668b8e873905a16275fab495764a110f\",\n \"result_position\": 71,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 207824114,\n \"title\": \"FACTORS INFLUENCING PUBLIC PROCUREMENT LEGAL FRAMEWORK IMPLEMENTATION IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY\",\n \"venue\": \"Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Patrick Karuga Ndongu\",\n \"J. Miroga\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This study found out the factors influencing public procurement legal framework implementation. A case study of The Nairobi County Government. Specifically, the study assessed whether top management support, procurement proficiency, technological advancement and procurement ethics influence the public procurement legal framework implementation in Nairobi City County. This research was informed by institutional theory, resource based theory, selection theory and stakeholders’ theory that had their roots in Procurement and supply chain management. The target population was 202 stakeholders derived from all levels of management that included the top management, the middle level management and lower level management. Data sources used both secondary and primary using clear developed questionnaires and checklists to collect data on study variables. The data was analysed using descriptive, correlation and regression techniques to facilitate discussions and writing of the study results and conclusions. The study used convenience sampling to sample the unit of observation. Descriptive statistics including frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations was used to capture the characteristics of the variables and inferential statistics (correlation and regression analysis) were used to analyze the relationships between the dependent and the independent variables. Results were presented using tables. The response rate of the study was 81%. The findings of the study indicated that procurement proficiency, technological advancement, procurement ethics and top management support have a positive relationship with Public Procurement legal framework implementation. Finally, the study recommended that Public entity should adopt procurement proficiency, technological advancement, procurement ethics and top management to improve Public Procurement legal framework implementation and further researches should to be carried out in other procuring entities to find out if the same results can be obtained. Key Words: Top Management Support, Procurement Proficiency, Technological Advancement, Procurement Ethics CITATION: Ndongu, P. K., & Miroga, J. (2019). Factors influencing public procurement legal framework implementation in Nairobi City County. The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 6 (4), 317 – 334.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.61426/sjbcm.v6i4.1391\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/11771f6275112d0268bd0a519041088d98044a11\",\n \"result_position\": 72,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":88,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"I\"m trying to design an experiment where i will be activating char produced from wheat straw and beech wood using carbon dioxide as an activating agent. i need to research the literature for experimental parameters like residence time ratio of activating medium to char, temperature and nitrogen flow rate"},"query_timestamp":{"kind":"string","value":"2025-05-13T08:45:08.586766+00:00"},"thread_id":{"kind":"string","value":"f4d76d75d05378355b845cb98c053aff8ab14a64192bd19046ecbaa43606ce6f"},"num_shown":{"kind":"number","value":58,"string":"58"},"num_clicked":{"kind":"number","value":3,"string":"3"},"has_clicks":{"kind":"bool","value":true,"string":"true"},"shown_papers":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"corpus_id":210988400,"title":"Adsorption Performance of Physically Activated Biochars for Postcombustion CO2 Capture from Dry and Humid Flue Gas","venue":"Applied Sciences","year":2020,"authors":["J. Manyà","David García-Morcate","Belén González"],"abstract":"In the present study, the performance of four biomass-derived physically activated biochars for dynamic CO2 capture was assessed. Biochars were first produced from vine shoots and wheat straw pellets through slow pyrolysis (at pressures of 0.1 and 0.5 MPa) and then activated with CO2 (at 0.1 MPa and 800 °C) up to different degrees of burn-off. Cyclic adsorption-desorption measurements were conducted under both dry and humid conditions using a packed-bed of adsorbent at relatively short residence times of the gas phase (12–13 s). The adsorbent prepared from the vine shoots-derived biochar obtained by atmospheric pyrolysis, which showed the most hierarchical pore size distribution, exhibited a good and stable performance under dry conditions and at an adsorption temperature of 50 °C, due to the enhanced CO2 adsorption and desorption rates. However, the presence of relatively high concentrations of water vapor in the feeding gas clearly interfered with the CO2 adsorption mechanism, leading to significantly shorter breakthrough times. In this case, the highest percentages of a used bed were achieved by one of the other activated biochars tested, which was prepared from the wheat straw-derived biochar obtained by pressurized pyrolysis.","doi":"10.3390/app10010376","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/95d525339996d1958c41ea2027db01f7d2caa676","result_position":0,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":217588779,"title":"Activated Carbon Produced by Pyrolysis of Waste Wood and Straw for Potential Wastewater Adsorption","venue":"Materials","year":2020,"authors":["K. Januszewicz","P. Kazimierski","Maciej Klein","D. Kardaś","J. Łuczak"],"abstract":"Pyrolysis of straw pellets and wood strips was performed in a fixed bed reactor. The chars, solid products of thermal degradation, were used as potential materials for activated carbon production. Chemical and physical activation processes were used to compare properties of the products. The chemical activation agent KOH was chosen and the physical activation was conducted with steam and carbon dioxide as oxidising gases. The effect of the activation process on the surface area, pore volume, structure and composition of the biochar was examined. The samples with the highest surface area (1349.6 and 1194.4 m2/g for straw and wood activated carbons, respectively) were obtained when the chemical activation with KOH solution was applied. The sample with the highest surface area was used as an adsorbent for model wastewater contamination removal.","doi":"10.3390/ma13092047","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/85a6d7a287800aa7b97019bfda605e2e85db8e47","result_position":1,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":235513093,"title":"Influence of pressure on the gasification kinetics of two high-temperature beech wood chars with CO2, H2O and its mixture","venue":"","year":2021,"authors":["C. Schneider","M. Zeller","Daniela Böhm","T. Kolb"],"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents experimental data and modeling approaches to describe the influence of CO2 and H2O partial pressure as well as absolute pressure on the gasification kinetics of two different beech wood chars. The chars were produced at 1400 °C (P1400) and 1600 °C (P1600) at high-heating rates and short residence times in a drop-tube reactor. The gasification experiments were conducted in a single-particle reactor with forced flow-through conditions reducing diffusional effects to a minimum. The interpretation of the experimentally determined reaction rates during gasification with CO2, H2O and its mixture is based on the char properties (graphitization, ash dispersion and morphology) presented in a previous publication. During gasification with CO2, P1600 shows higher reactivity as compared to P1400 for all CO2 partial pressures and temperatures applied. The higher reactivity of P1600 during CO2 gasification may be explained by a CaO film on the char surface catalyzing the char-CO2 gasification reaction. On the other hand, P1400 shows higher reactivity towards H2O which may be evoked by the lower graphitization degree and higher specific surface area. Reaction kinetic modeling for single atmosphere gasification was successfully carried out using a power law approach. The Langmuir-Hinshelwood model, however, only gave good results where a possible saturation of the char surface at high pressure was observed. Increasing the CO2 partial pressure during gasification in mixed CO2/H2O atmospheres leads to higher reactivity for both chars. The reaction rate rmix can be expressed by addition of the single atmosphere reaction rates in the low pressure area suggesting a separate active site mechanism. Catalytic activity of CaO increases the P1600 reactivity distinctively for lower H2O and CO2 partial pressures. For higher H2O and CO2 partial pressures, P1600 reactivity stagnates due to lower specific surface area and higher graphitization degree. Here, a common active sites mechanism can be assumed.","doi":"10.1016/J.FUEL.2021.120523","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7bf0cb5da2403db8e2c8046165ef75250c969d05","result_position":2,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":245230624,"title":"Sorption and Textural Properties of Activated Carbon Derived from Charred Beech Wood","venue":"Molecules","year":2021,"authors":["M. Zgrzebnicki","A. Kałamaga","R. Wróbel"],"abstract":"The aim of this study was to prepare activated carbon materials with different porous structures. For this purpose, the biomass precursor, beech wood, was carbonized in an inert atmosphere, and the obtained charcoal was physically activated using carbon dioxide at 1273 K. Different porous structures were obtained by controlling the time of the activation process. Prepared materials were characterized in terms of textural (N2 sorption at 77 K), structural (XRD), and sorption properties (CO2, C2H4, C4H10). The shortest activation time resulted in a mostly microporous structure, which provided a high sorption of CO2. Increasing the activation time led to an increasing of the pores’ diameters. Therefore, the highest ethene uptake was obtained for the material with an intermediate activation time, while the highest butane uptake was obtained for the material with the highest activation time.","doi":"10.3390/molecules26247604","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dddc06a756d8e5277686d6e618615eac03acd74b","result_position":3,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":224994151,"title":"Effect of calcium dispersion and graphitization during high-temperature pyrolysis of beech wood char on the gasification rate with CO2","venue":"Fuel","year":2021,"authors":["C. Schneider","Stella Walker","Aekjuthon Phounglamcheik","K. Umeki","T. Kolb"],"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents thermal deactivation of beech wood chars during secondary pyrolysis in a drop-tube reactor. Pyrolysis temperature was varied between 1000 °C and 1600 °C at a constant residence time of 200 ms. The effect of pyrolysis conditions on initial conversion rate R0 during gasification, graphitization of the carbon matrix and ash morphology was investigated. Gasification experiments for the determination of R0 were conducted in a thermogravimetric analyzer using pure CO2 at 750 °C and isothermal conditions. A linear decrease in initial conversion rate R0 was observed between 1000 °C and 1400 °C. However, a strong increase of R0 at 1600 °C was encountered. Micropore surface area of the secondary chars showed no correlation with the initial conversion rate R0 during gasification with CO2. Graphitization of the carbon matrix was determined using X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy suggesting the growth of aromatic clusters and graphite-like structures for increasing pyrolysis temperatures up to 1600 °C. Furthermore, CaO dispersion was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively using temperature-programmed reaction at 300 °C as well as SEM/TEM. CaO dispersion DCaO decreases steadily between 1000 °C and 1400 °C whereas a strong increase can be observed at 1600 °C, which is in good accordance with the development of the initial conversion rate R0 as a function of pyrolysis temperature. SEM/TEM images indicate the formation of a thin CaO layer at 1600 °C that is presumably responsible for the strong increase in initial conversion rate R0 at this temperature. When excluding the catalytic activity of CaO via formation of the ratio R0 DCaO−1, increasing graphitization degree has a linear negative influence on char reactivity at pyrolysis temperatures between 1000 °C and 1400 °C.","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2020.118826","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/55f477715eb7ac111659c9783528d6982593a181","result_position":4,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":212708556,"title":"Post-Pyrolytic Carbon as a Phase Change Materials (PCMs) Carrier for Application in Building Materials","venue":"Materials","year":2020,"authors":["M. Ryms","K. Januszewicz","P. Kazimierski","J. Łuczak","E. Klugmann-Radziemska","W. Lewandowski"],"abstract":"This article covers new application for char as a carrier of phase-change materials (PCM) that could be used as an additive to building materials. Being composed of bio-char and PCM, the granulate successfully competes with more expensive commercial materials of this type, such as Micronal® PCM. As a PCM carrier, char that was obtained from the pyrolysis of chestnut fruit (Aesculus hippocastanum) with different absorbances of the model phase-change material, Rubitherm RT22, was tested. DSC analysis elucidated several thermal properties (such as enthalpy, phase transition temperature, and temperature peak) of those mixtures and the results were compared with a commercial equivalent, Micronal DS 5040 X. Comparative research, approximating realistic conditions, were also performed by cooling and heating samples in a form of coatings that were made from chars with different content of RT22. These results indicated that the use of char as a PCM carrier was not only possible, but also beneficial from a thermodynamic point of view and it could serve as an alternative to commercial products. In this case, adsorption RT22 into char allowed for temperature stabilization comparable to Micronal DS 5040 X with ease of use as well as the economic advantages of being very low cost to produce due to microencapsulation. Other advantage of the proposed solution is related with the application of char obtained from waste biomass pyrolysis as a PCM carrier, and using this product in building construction to improve thermal comfort and increase energy efficiency.","doi":"10.3390/ma13061268","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e5995ffbd8bb5298fb999b7db7ce873f3abf938e","result_position":5,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":246457319,"title":"Potential Valorization of Waste Tires as Activated Carbon-Based Adsorbent for Organic Contaminants Removal","venue":"Materials","year":2022,"authors":["Kawthar Frikha","L. Limousy","Joan Pons Claret","C. Vaulot","Karin Florencio Pérez","Beatriz Corzo García","S. Bennici"],"abstract":"The present study investigates the potential of waste tires to produce a valuable adsorbent material for application in wastewater treatment. In the first stage, the pyrolysis of ground rubber tire was explored using non-isothermal and isothermal thermogravimetric analysis experiments. The effect of operating parameters, such as heating rate and pyrolysis temperature, on the pyrolysis product yields was considered. The slow pyrolysis of ground rubber tire was taken up in a large-scale fixed-bed reactor for enhanced char recovery. Four pyrolysis temperatures were selected by thermogravimetric data. The product yields were strongly influenced by the pyrolysis temperature; at higher temperatures, the formation of more gases and liquid was favored, while at lower pyrolysis temperatures, more char (solid fraction) was formed. The produced chars were characterized in terms of mineral composition, textural properties, proximate analysis, and structural properties to identify the relationships between the pyrolysis temperature and the char properties. In a second step, a series of activated chars were prepared, starting from the pyrolytic chars via chemical and/or physical activation methods. Then, the activated chars were characterized and tested as adsorbents for atrazine and ibuprofen. Adsorption experiments in aqueous media were carried out in a small-scale batch reactor system. Chemical activation seems appropriate to significantly reduce the inorganic compounds initially present in ground rubber tire and contribute to an important increase in the surface area and porosity of the chars. Adsorption experiments indicated that chemically activated chars exhibit high aqueous adsorption capacity for atrazine.","doi":"10.3390/ma15031099","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2e013ddcd69a02646a271f1e2da0778c718d9752","result_position":6,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":8506876,"title":"Activation of Aspen Wood with Carbon Dioxide and Phosphoric Acid for Removal of Total Organic Carbon from Oil Sands Produced Water: Increasing the Yield with Bio-Oil Recycling","venue":"Materials","year":2016,"authors":["Andrei Veksha","T. I. Bhuiyan","J. Hill"],"abstract":"Several samples of activated carbon were prepared by physical (CO2) and chemical (H3PO4) activation of aspen wood and tested for the adsorption of organic compounds from water generated during the recovery of bitumen using steam assisted gravity drainage. Total organic carbon removal by the carbon samples increased proportionally with total pore volume as determined from N2 adsorption isotherms at −196 °C. The activated carbon produced by CO2 activation had similar removal levels for total organic carbon from the water (up to 70%) to those samples activated with H3PO4, but lower yields, due to losses during pyrolysis and activation. A method to increase the yield when using CO2 activation was proposed and consisted of recycling bio-oil produced from previous runs to the aspen wood feed, followed by either KOH addition (0.48%) or air pretreatment (220 °C for 3 h) before pyrolysis and activation. By recycling the bio-oil, the yield of CO2 activated carbon (after air pretreatment of the mixture) was increased by a factor of 1.3. Due to the higher carbon yield, the corresponding total organic carbon removal, per mass of wood feed, increased by a factor of 1.2 thus improving the overall process efficiency.","doi":"10.3390/ma9010020","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d98208c45ab2562e2f4592a9084c4f872b954f07","result_position":7,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":211083454,"title":"Carbon dioxide activation of the plane tree seeds derived bio-char: Kinetic properties and application","venue":"","year":2020,"authors":["V. Dodevski","B. Janković","M. Mirković","Milan Kragović","I. Radovic","Filip Veljković","M. Stojmenović"],"abstract":"Goal of this work is to establish technical feasibility and fundamentals of \n producing activated carbon from plane tree seeds (PTS) biomass for porous \n materials derivation. Bio-chars produced via carbonization from PTS \n precursor were activated in CO2 at 750 and 850°C, during various residence \n times. Their surface area and porosity were characterized by N2 adsorption \n at 77 K. Surface areas of activated carbons can be correlated with kinetics \n mechanism and activation energy magnitudes of oxidation reaction by CO2, \n which are closely related to applied activation temperature. Result showed \n that high temperature activated carbon had higher gas adsorption as compared \n to activated carbon obtained from lower temperature during two hour \n residence time. Breakthrough behavior was detected at 850°C where surface \n reactions dominate, and it is characterized by autocatalytic kinetic model \n under designed conditions. Both, temperature and CO2 concentration in \n vicinity of solid surface affect on breakthrough time of adsorbent. Derived \n bio-chars are converted into high quality activated carbons, with surface \n area of 776.55 m2 g-1, where micropores with pore diameters less than 2 nm \n prevail. Produced activated carbons have properties comparable with \n commercially available activated carbons, which can be successfully used for \n removal of harmful gaseous pollutants toward air purification. [Projects of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. 172015, \n Grant no. III45005, Grant no. TR34011, Grant no. TR34013, Grant no. 172018 and Grant no. III45012]","doi":"10.2298/tsci190913064d","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8e5373910d2cb85e12b832ca70b5e8d69ede8958","result_position":8,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":100327657,"title":"Preparation and characterization of activated carbons from biomass material – giant knotweed (Reynoutria sachalinensis)","venue":"","year":2015,"authors":["Hanna Fałtynowicz","J. Kaczmarczyk","M. Kułażyński"],"abstract":"Abstract Activated carbons from biomass material of giant knotweed Reynoutria sachalinensis (F. Schmidt ex Maxim.) Nakai were obtained. Use of this plant for manufacturing activated carbon has not been studied yet. Therefore, the first activated carbons of giant knotweed origin are described. Both physicochemical (by steam and CO2) and chemical (by KOH) activation methods were applied. Influences of temperature (500, 600, 700 and 800°C), burn-off [10, 25 and 50 wt. % (daf)] and KOH concentration on pores surface area and volume distribution of the obtained activated carbons were explored. Porosity of the elaborated sorbents was determined by benzene and carbon dioxide sorption measurements. Sorbents obtained by steam activation were micro- and mesoporous with surface area and volume of pores increasing with temperature and burn-off to V = 0.351 cm3 g-1 and S = 768 m2 g-1 at 800°C at 50% burn-off. Carbon dioxide activation resulted with notably microporous activated carbons with porous texture parameters also increasing with burn-off to V = 0.286 cm3 g-1 and S = 724 m2 g-1 at 50% burn-off. The highest BET surface area of 2541 m2 g-1 was achieved when chemical (KOH) activation was performed using KOH to char ratio 4:1. Graphical Abstract","doi":"10.1515/chem-2015-0128","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a1c1e5bd30935806281932dc52c1a52a574f9b52","result_position":9,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":214336144,"title":"Life cycle assessment approach to sustainable sewage sludge management for water pollution control","venue":"Journal of Physics: Conference Series","year":2019,"authors":["N. Mu’azu","M. Essa","O. Aga","N. Jarrah"],"abstract":"Increase in population growth coupled with industrialization, urbanization and requirements for implementation of stricter effluent discharge standards, sludge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) is expected to be produced in a continually increasing amount globally. The management of the huge volume of sludge generation becomes an integral component of environmental sustainability. Therefore, the need for environmentally friendly approach to sludge management strategy couldn’t be overemphasized. This paper proposes a rational and more sustainable approach directed towards devising means to solve the problem of the huge amount of WWTPs sludge by converting it to granular activated carbon (GAC) for utilization in water pollution control via incorporating Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The paper reviews the various approaches and techniques for drying, pyrolysis and activation techniques and the best operating conditions for sludge based activated carbon (SBAC) for optimal pollution control. Based on that, a holistic decision making tool was recommended which incorporates major production, treatment and disposal options for each stage using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach (from-cradle-to-grave), from which wide range of alternative scenarios will be generated vis-à-vis water pollution control efficacy in relation to environmental, cost as well as energy implications.","doi":"10.1088/1742-6596/1349/1/012145","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/830f3469fb339f63eabaa2f3375ee97265ddace1","result_position":10,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":222318506,"title":"Kinetic analysis of CO2 gasification of biochar and anthracite based on integral isoconversional nonlinear method","venue":"High Temperature Materials and Processes","year":2020,"authors":["Bing Dai","J. Qiu","Shan Ren","B. Su","Xiang Ding","Dianchun Ju","N. Bai","H. Long"],"abstract":"Abstract The nonisothermal thermogravimetric analysis was implemented for gasification of sawdust char (SD-char), wheat straw char (WS-char), rice husk char (RH-char), bamboo char (BB-char) and anthracite coal (AC) in the presence of CO2. The dependence of activation energy upon conversion for different biochars and AC was obtained by the integral isoconversional nonlinear (NL-INT) method which is a model-free method. Based on the activation energy values from the NL-INT method, a model-fitting method called random pore model (RPM) was used to estimate the kinetic parameters including the preexponential factor and pore structure parameter from the experimental data. The results are shown that the gasification reactivity of different samples from high to low can be sorted as that of WS-char, SD-char, BB-char, RH-char and AC. In the early stage of gasification, the activation energy values of biochars increase generally with an increase in the conversion degree, whereas the value of AC decreases. Thereafter, the activation energy values remain almost unchanged when the conversion is up to some extent. When the conversion degree varies between about 0.3 and 0.9, these carbon materials can be sorted in the order of average activation energy from low to high as WS-char, SD-char, AC, RH-char and BB-char, respectively, 134.3, 143.8, 168.5, 184.8 and 193.0 kJ/mol. It is shown that a complex multistep mechanism occurs in the initial stage of gasification, while a single-step gasification mechanism exists in the rest of the gasification process. The RPM is suitable for describing the gasification of biomass chars and AC except the initial gasification. Additionally, it is found that the kinetic compensation effect (KCE) still exists in the gasification reactions of biochars and AC. However, the AC deviates markedly from the KCE curve. This may be caused by the similarity of carbonaceous structure of biochars and the difference in reactivity between biochars and AC.","doi":"10.1515/htmp-2020-0086","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/aa2776f974888af8b255a87d203695b4844277b2","result_position":11,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":5816821,"title":"PREPARATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM FOREST AND AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES THROUGH CO 2 ACTIVATION","venue":"","year":2004,"authors":["Tengyan Zhang","W. Walawender","L. Fan","Maohong FANb","Daren DAUGAARDb","R. Brownb"],"abstract":null,"doi":"","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b86bbad15ca99636e2c5eb64b9bf84be9af71a4d","result_position":12,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":248027068,"title":"Conversion of Waste Corn Biomass to Activated Bio-Char for Applications in Wastewater Treatment","venue":"Frontiers in Materials","year":2022,"authors":["S. Karami","Sadegh Papari","F. Berruti"],"abstract":"This study proposes the conversion of waste corn grains contaminated by deoxynivalenol (also known as vomitoxin), a mycotoxin produced by plant pathogens, into a value-added product. Batches of 500 g of contaminated corn grains were pyrolyzed in a batch reactor by thermal treatment at temperatures up to 500°C with a 15°C/min heating rate and generating condensable vapors, gases and solid bio-char. The bio-char produced was subsequently activated in a furnace at 900°C, using CO2 as an activation agent, at different residence times. The effect of activation residence time on the characteristics of the activated bio-char, varying it from 0.5 to 3 h, was investigated. Characterization tests included BET surface area, SEM, TG-FTIR, pH, and XRD on both bio-char and activated bio-char. BET results illustrated a significant increase of the surface area from 63 to 419 m2g−1 and pore volume from 0.04 to 0.23 cm3g−1 by increasing the activation time from 0.5 to 3 h. SEM images visually confirmed a considerable increase in pore development. The pH significantly increased from 6 to 10 after activation, due to the elimination of acidic functional groups. The proximate analysis showed the stable carbon of the activated char reaching approximately 90 wt%, making it promising for catalyst/adsorbent applications. The adsorption performance of activated bio-char was tested by utilizing three different model molecules with different characteristics: methylene blue, methyl orange, and ibuprofen. Among all activated bio-char samples, activated bio-char with 3 h activation time showed the highest adsorption capacity, with a total adsorption (25 mg/g of activated bio-char) of methylene blue after 5 min. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of the activated bio-char was similar to that of valuable commercial activated carbon.","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2022.839421","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/79bdd9726cd94aadb4696be4e8ef796f38122d7f","result_position":13,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":218932275,"title":"Carbon Dioxide Gasification Kinetics of Char from Rapeseed Oil Press Cake","venue":"Energies","year":2020,"authors":["L. Nowicki","D. Siuta","M. Markowski"],"abstract":"Rapeseed oil press cake (RPC) is an abundantly available and renewable agricultural waste material for the production of fuels or chemicals. In this study, the rates of carbon dioxide gasification of rapeseed oil press cake char were measured by thermogravimetric analysis measurements performed at various temperatures (800–900 °C) and CO2 mole fractions (0.10–1.00). The char was obtained by slow pyrolysis, where the dried RPC was decomposed at a temperature range of 1000 °C to obtain char free of impurities that can affect the measurements. The random pore model appeared to be suitable for describing the effect of conversion on the reaction rate. The temperature, CO2, and concentration dependence of the reaction rate were given by the Arrhenius equation and a power law (nth order) correlation. The kinetic parameters based on the experimental data were determined by a two-step estimation procedure. For the experimental conditions employed in this study, the parameters E and n were 222.1 kJ/mol and 0.57, respectively.","doi":"10.3390/en13092318","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2559c35fde99d192aa90eff994f2239a307ca315","result_position":14,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":11963402,"title":"CO2 Gasification Reactivity of Chars Derived From Zhundong Coal","venue":"","year":2017,"authors":["Yun Liu","Y. Guan","Kai Zhang"],"abstract":"Coal gasification with carbon dioxide is a process for generating clean gaseous fuels and relieving greenhouse effect. Zhundong coal has high alkali and alkali earth metals (AAEMs) content, medium volatile and low ash in nature. Isothermal CO2 gasification of char derived from Zhundong coal (R-char) and char from acid washing R-char (AR-char) are performed in thermo-gravimetric analyzer (TGA). The effect of AAEMs is investigated on the gasification behavior in the range of temperatures 1073 K to 1273 K. The carbon conversion increases rapidly with increasing reaction temperature and CO2 concentration. R-char has high gasification rate and carbon conversion compared with AR-char. The accuracy of the free-model approach for calculating activation energy at different conversions is validated by compared with different kinetic models (volume reaction model, distributed activation energy model). Moreover, R-char gasification with CO2 shows a compensation effect as the Arrhenius parameters (EA and k0) increase or decrease simultaneously.","doi":"10.20944/PREPRINTS201701.0099.V1","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d0605815fb5359afd2e6fdf647ae14ee2d666a01","result_position":15,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":210806370,"title":"Experimental study on gasification of bituminutesous coal char with CO2 catalysed by Fe (NO3)3","venue":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environment","year":2019,"authors":["X. Suo","D. Wang","G. Zhang"],"abstract":"Effect of transition metal Fe(come from analytically pure Fe(NO3)3·9H2O) on Jin Jie coal char isothermal gasification by carbon dioxide in the condition of normal pressure is investigated in a self-built fixed bed reactor. Experimental results show that the gasification activity of Jin Jie coal char increases with the increment of Fe, and the loading saturation level of Fe is 3%. Adding 3% Fe can reduce the gasification temperature by 90°C, and shorten the coal char gasification time by 95 minutesutes. The higher the gasification temperature, the greater the increase in gasification activity factor K and average gasification rate Rm. The parameter K and Rm reach the maximum at 3% catalyst addition at the same gasification temperature. Under a regime constant by chemical reaction, the reaction activation energy and the pre-exponential factor and reaction rate constant are calculated. The reaction rate constan of char loaded Fe increases around three times, and the activation energy constants with the raw char.","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/354/1/012023","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/465fcc2de11296bfb24fe30cf6a25a749fdc612f","result_position":16,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":134457757,"title":"Study of the reactivity of Casamance vegetable and agricultural waste char gasification with steam and CO2","venue":"","year":2018,"authors":["Ansoumane Diedhiou","L. Ndiaye","A. Bensakhria","O. Sock"],"abstract":"The increasing energy demand coupled with the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the threat of exhaustion of oil reserves make us consider a possible recourse to the use of biomass waste as a source of renewable energy. Nowadays, gasification is not yet economically and operationally attractive for the power industry and more research is needed to facilitate the process and improve the desirability of the gasification process. Gasification tests were conducted on five wastes char mainly of agro-sylvo-pastoral residues, in order to study the behaviors of char conversion based on experimental data. Peanut shells, palm shells, cashews nut shells, cashew wood and “kaicedrat” wood char obtained by pyrolysis at 450°C are used. The samples were gasified at three different reaction temperatures (950 to 1050°C) in a fixed bed reactor, using steam or CO2 as gasification agent and with average fraction of particle size 630 and 3000 µm. The experimental parameters, which affect the char’s reactivity, are reviewed similarly to those related to the char and its structural features and operation parameters. Gasification kinetic conversion was studied at different models: the volume reaction model (VRM) and shrinking core model (SCM) in order to interpret the char conversion data. Further, the activation energy and pre-exponential factor were determined using the Arrhenius correlation. The experimental results showed that more syngas ((CO + H2)) of high quality were obtained at 1000 to 1050°C during char gasification with steam or CO2. The present results showed that temperature has a positive effect on kinetic char conversion. In addition, the low heating values obtained as a function of temperature depend on the nature of sample. For further investigation, it can be shown that the reaction rate is dependent on the char samples. Thus comparing the five biomasses, particular importance about reactivity and lower heating value (LHV) is attached to cashew nut shells, palm shells and peanut shells. \n \n \n \n Key words: Kinetic of char conversion, char samples, char-CO2 gasification, char-steam gasification, lower heating value (LHV).","doi":"10.5897/AJEST2018.2561","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f3eb9a83558fc06cf4082f19f4e4ba7924211fef","result_position":17,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":259802118,"title":"Co-Gasification Performance of Low-Quality Lignite with Woody Wastes Using Greenhouse Gas CO2—A TG–MS Study","venue":"Sustainability","year":2023,"authors":["D. Vamvuka","George Tsagris","Christia Loulashi"],"abstract":"The carbon dioxide gasification performance of low-quality lignite-agroindustrial/forest waste blends was investigated in terms of reactivity, conversion, cold gas efficiency, product gas composition and heating value. The experiments were conducted in a fixed bed unit and a thermal analysis mass spectrometer system. Raw materials, chars, liquids and gases were quantitatively analyzed and their energy content was determined. Synergetic effects and the role of minerals were examined, the latter through chemical and fusibility analyses of the ashes. Ahlada lignite (AL) was of low quality, with a calorific value of 8.9 MJ/kg. The biomass materials, ginning cotton waste (GCW) and pine needles (PN) had calorific values 16.6 MJ/kg and 20.1 MJ/kg, respectively. The slagging/fouling propensity of AL ash was low, whereas that of biomass wastes was medium to high. Thermal treatment of the samples and their blends prior to gasification produced upgraded fuels. A Boudourd reaction occurred above 750 °C. Gasification reactivity followed the order: GCW > PN > AL. AL/PN mixtures presented additivity effects; however, AL/GCW mixtures presented synergy effects. When the lignite was blended with the biochars studied, its conversion increased from 90% to 94.5% and its cold gas efficiency from 31.8% to 35%. Generated gas attained a heating value of about 12 MJ/m3.","doi":"10.3390/su15129818","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2a195acd226cb3c433d74f1186bbf5dc603c65d7","result_position":18,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":258119827,"title":"Kinetics of the CO_2 gasification of woods, torrefied woods, and wood chars. Least squares evaluations by empirical models","venue":"Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry","year":2023,"authors":["G. Várhegyi","Liang Wang","Ø. Skreiberg"],"abstract":"The gasification kinetics of chars forming from biomass materials was studied by kinetic equations of type d X /d t = A f ( X ) exp(− E /( RT )) where X is the conversion of the sample, A is the pre-exponential factor, E is the activation energy and f ( X ) is a suitable model function. The theoretically deduced f ( X ) models in the literature are rarely applicable for chars of biomass origin because of chemical and physical inhomogeneities and irregularities. Hence, empirical f ( X ) functions were determined by a method proposed four years ago (Várhegyi in Energy Fuels 33:2348–2358, 2019). The parameters of the models were obtained by the method of least squares. Thermogravimetric experiments from an earlier work were reevaluated to explore the possibilities of the approaches employed. The experiments belonged to untreated birch and spruce woods; torrefied woods; chars prepared at a higher temperature; and chars formed at high heating rates (ca. 1400 °C min^−1). Common kinetic features were found for the CO_2 gasification of the chars studied. The reliability of the results was carefully tested by evaluating smaller and larger groups of the experiments and comparing the results. The method proved to be suitable for the determination of realistic f ( X ), E , and A from single modulated experiments, too. The models described well the gasification of chars forming from different woods through a wide range of temperature programs and thermal pretreatments.","doi":"10.1007/s10973-023-12151-y","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bfcfc04490129b17f7819ecdb08d0869b28f5c86","result_position":19,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":131778327,"title":"Combined Effect of Pressure and Carbon Dioxide Activation on Porous Structure of Lignite Chars","venue":"Materials","year":2019,"authors":["N. Howaniec"],"abstract":"Lignite is an important natural resource with the application potential covering present and future energy systems, including conventional power plants and gasification systems. Lignite is also a valuable precursor for the production of porous materials of tailored properties for various environmental applications, including the removal of contaminants from gaseous or liquid media. Although the lignite-based activated carbons are commercially available, various approaches to produce carbon materials of desired properties are still being reported, covering temperature, partial oxidation and chemical activation effects on surface and structural properties of these materials. Limited data is, however, available on the effects of pressure as the activation parameter in shaping the porous structure of carbonaceous materials, in particularly lignite-derived. In the study presented the combined effect of carbon dioxide activation and pressure in the range of 1–3 MPa at the temperature of 800 °C on the development of porous structure of lignite chars was reported. The study was also focused on poor-quality resources valorization by using a relatively low calorific value, low volatiles and high ash content lignite as a carbon material precursor. The results showed that the application of pressure in carbon dioxide-activation process at 800 °C results in generation of chars of comparable or higher specific surface area than the carbon materials previously received with demineralization and carbon dioxide activation of lignite. They also proved that the combined pressure and carbon dioxide activation may be effectively applied in conversion of low quality lignite into valuable porous materials.","doi":"10.3390/ma12081326","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8e21f562aa7f1d534df3a39f798c28aa5138e727","result_position":20,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":54707516,"title":"Kinetic study of coals gasification into carbon dioxide atmosphere","venue":"","year":2015,"authors":["A. Korotkikh","K. Slyusarskiy"],"abstract":"The solid fuel gasification process was investigated to define chemical reactions rate and activation energy for a gas-generator designing and regime optimizing. An experimental procedure includes coal char samples of Kuznetskiy and Kansko-Achinskiy deposits consequent argon pyrolysis into argon and oxidating into carbon dioxide with different temperatures. The thermogravimetric analysis data of coal char gasification into carbon dioxide was obtained in the temperature range 900–1200 oC. The mass loss and gasification time dependencies from temperature were defined to calculate chemical reaction frequency factor and activation energy. Two coal char gasification physico-mathematical models were proposed and recommendations for them were formed.","doi":"10.1051/MATECCONF/20152301020","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ac0a5b03528c849e060b26cdf40f623f043bc4ad","result_position":21,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":99831401,"title":"Preparation of active carbons from olive wood","venue":"","year":1985,"authors":["J. D. D. LÓPez-Gonzlez","C. Valenzuela-Calahorro","A. Navarrette-Guijosa","V. Gómez-Serrano"],"abstract":"Active carbons were prepared by activating carbonized products (obtained by pyrolysis of olive wood in nitrogen at 1073 K) and olive wood itself under a flow of carbon dioxide at 1048 K. The effect on the development of surface area and porosity of such variables as activation time, heating rate, previous carbonization time, and starting material (either carbonized samples or wood) were followed by adsorption of nitrogen at 77 K. Changes of meso- and macroporosity during the activation process were monitored by mercury porosimetry. Surface area (BET values) varies from 469 up to 854 m2.g–1. A development of micro, meso and macroporosity takes place depending on activation time.","doi":"10.1177/026361748500200406","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/75163ce5423c67511f268d10e9c852c55effa151","result_position":22,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":54942966,"title":"Characterization of Activated Carbons Produced from Oleaster Stones","venue":"","year":2011,"authors":["H. Sütçü"],"abstract":"Activated carbon has a porous structure surrounded by carbon atoms and therefore is a material with adsorbent capability. The most important parameter that is put into consideration to investigate its chemical characterization is porosity. Pore size determines how adsorption takes place in pores (Marsh & Reinoso, 2006). In accordance with IUPAC, pores are classified into three different sizes. Pores less than 2,0 nm are classified as micropores, those in the range of 2,0-50 nm mesopores and those greater than 50 nm macropores (IUPAC). The selection of raw material for the production of activated carbon is made on the basis of carbon amount, mineral matter and sulfur content, availability, cost, and shelf life (Kroschwitz,1992). Raw material may be of vegetable, animal and mineral origin and the production can be carried out by means of physical and chemical activation depending on the type of raw material. The physical activation method generally involves carbonization and activation stages (Singh, 2001). In the activation stage oxidizing agents are used such as carbondioxide and steam and thus form pores and canals (Jankowska et al., 1991). Chemical activation involves a carbonization stage where a chemical activating agent that is in the form of a solution or dry is blended with the raw material. Chemicals employed in chemical activation (potassium hydroxide, phosphoric acid, zinc chloride etc.) are effective at decomposing the structure of the raw material and forming micropores (Marsh & Reinoso, 2006). The literature has many articles dealing with activated carbons produced from raw material using both the chemical and physical activation methods. Materials frequently used as raw material of vegetable origin include corncobs (Sun et al., 2007; Aworn et al., 2009; Preethi et al., 2006), hazelnuts (Demiral et al., 2008; Soleimani & Kaghazchi, 2007), olives (Yavuz et al., 2010), nuts (Yeganeh et al., 2006; Aygun et al., 2003), peaches (Kim, 2004), loquat stones (Sutcu & Demiral, 2009), wood (Ould-Idriss et al., 2011; Sun & Jiang, 2010) and bamboo (Ip et al., 2008), those of animal origin bones (Moreno-Pirajan et al., 2010) and hide waste (Demiral & Demiral, 2008), and those of mineral origin coal (Alcaniz-Monge et al., 2010; Cuhadaroglu & Uygun, 2008; Liu et al., 2007; Sutcu & Dural, 2007), petroleum coke (Lu et al., 2010) and rubber (Gupta et al., 2011; Nabais et al., 2010). In this study I produced activated carbons from chars obtained through the carbonization of oleaster stones by physical, chemical and chemical+physical activation, and performed their surface characterization.","doi":"10.5772/19061","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/66ad447923b353fee1b323418ff9e5f33261b7b9","result_position":23,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":250549748,"title":"A review of prospects and current scenarios of biomass co-pyrolysis for water treatment","venue":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","year":2022,"authors":["S. Zuhara","H. Mackey","T. Al-Ansari","G. Mckay"],"abstract":"With ever-growing population comes an increase in waste and wastewater generated. There is ongoing research to not only reduce the waste but also to increase its value commercially. One method is pyrolysis, a process that converts wastes, at temperatures usually above 300 °C in a pyrolysis unit, to carbon-rich biochars among with other useful products. These chars are known to be beneficial as they can be used for water treatment applications; certain studies also reveal improvements in the biochar quality especially on the surface area and pore volume by imparting thermal and chemical activation methods, which eventually improves the uptake of pollutants during the removal of inorganic and organic contaminants in water. Research based on single waste valorisation into biochar applications for water treatment has been extended and applied to the pyrolysis of two or more feedstocks, termed co-pyrolysis, and its implementation for water treatment. The co-pyrolysis research mainly covers activation, applications, predictive calculations, and modelling studies, including isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic adsorption analyses. This paper focuses on the copyrolysis biochar production studies for activated adsorbents, adsorption mechanisms, pollutant removal capacities, regeneration, and real water treatment studies to understand the implementation of these co-pyrolyzed chars in water treatment applications. Finally, some prospects to identify the future progress and opportunities in this area of research are also described. This review provides a way to manage solid waste in a sustainable manner, while developing materials that can be utilized for water treatment, providing a double target approach to pollution management.","doi":"10.1007/s13399-022-03011-0","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cdb3e8c8b024af597989d4e1826088fcb01d1efa","result_position":24,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":237939808,"title":"The Analysis of Pore Development and Formation of Surface Functional Groups in Bamboo-Based Activated Carbon during CO2 Activation","venue":"Molecules","year":2021,"authors":["Krittamet Phothong","C. Tangsathitkulchai","Panuwat Lawtae"],"abstract":"Pore development and the formation of oxygen functional groups were studied for activated carbon prepared from bamboo (Bambusa bambos) using a two-step activation with CO2, as functions of carbonization temperature and activation conditions (time and temperature). Results show that activated carbon produced from bamboo contains mostly micropores in the pore size range of 0.65 to 1.4 nm. All porous properties of activated carbons increased with the increase in the activation temperature over the range from 850 to 950 °C, but decreased in the temperature range of 950 to 1000 °C, due principally to the merging of neighboring pores. The increase in the activation time also increased the porous properties linearly from 60 to 90 min, which then dropped from 90 to 120 min. It was found that the carbonization temperature played an important role in determining the number and distribution of active sites for CO2 gasification during the activation process. Empirical equations were proposed to conveniently predict all important porous properties of the prepared activated carbons in terms of carbonization temperature and activation conditions. Oxygen functional groups formed during the carbonization and activation steps of activated carbon synthesis and their contents were dependent on the preparation conditions employed. Using Boehm’s titration technique, only phenolic and carboxylic groups were detected for the acid functional groups in both the chars and activated carbons in varying amounts. Empirical correlations were also developed to estimate the total contents of the acid and basic groups in activated carbons in terms of the carbonization temperature, activation time and temperature.","doi":"10.3390/molecules26185641","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/08a37b43a64c6b18be29df1b66b222beb6f4aa5c","result_position":25,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":95356794,"title":"DDGS chars gasification with CO2: a kinetic study using TG analysis","venue":"","year":2011,"authors":["Xiangmei Meng","W. Jong","Ningjie Fu","A. Verkooijen"],"abstract":"Dry Distiller’s Grains with Solubles (DDGS) is a by-product during ethanol production from cereals which is currently mainly used as feedstock for cattle. With the growth of the ethanol industry, the increasing supply of DDGS may saturate the livestock feed market; thus, its potential applications need to be explored. DDGS gasification in a 100-kWth circulating fluidized bed (CFB) steam-O2 blown gasifier has been studied. However, the modeling of DDGS gasification process encounters difficulties due to the unavailable knowledge of DDGS char gasification kinetics. Therefore, in this paper, gasification kinetics of DDGS char with CO2 was investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Two different types of char samples have been tested. Char type one (PYR-Char) was obtained after DDGS pyrolysis in a TGA at a final temperature of 750°C or 850°C for 20 min. Char type two (CFB-Char) was obtained after DDGS gasification in the 100-kWth CFB gasifier within the temperature range of 790°C to 820°C with a steam/biomass mass ratio of 0.81 and oxygen to biomass stoichiometric ratio of approximately 0.38. The influences of pyrolysis temperature (750°C, 850°C), heating rate (10°C/min, 30°C/min, 50°C/min, 70°C/min), CO2 concentration (10, 20, 30 vol.%), and gasification temperature (900°C, 1,000°C, 1,100°C) on the reaction rate of char-CO2 reaction were determined. Two representative gas–solid reaction models, the volumetric reaction model (VRM) and the shrinking core model (SCM) were applied in order to determine kinetic parameters. It was found that the calculated activation energy (Ea) values using SCM were slightly lower than those using VRM. The calculated Ea values for PYR-Char using both models were in the range of 100–165 kJ/mol, while the calculated Ea values for CFB-Char were in the range of 55–100 kJ/mol. It was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) that CFB-Char was more fragile and PYR-Char obtained at lower heating rate had a less porous structure. Generally, the predicted results using both models showed a fairly good agreement with experimental results, and SCM model suited slightly suitable better for char gasification at high temperature.","doi":"10.1007/S13399-011-0021-3","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e957d7791c1ccad015c5310f6869845ebee8e0b7","result_position":26,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":7037077,"title":"Adsorption of Natural Aluminium Dye Complex from Silk-Dyeing Effluent Using Eucalyptus Wood Activated Carbon","venue":"","year":2013,"authors":["Saowanee Chuyingsakuntip","C. Tangsathitkulchai"],"abstract":"Two activated carbons with \ncontrolled pore size were prepared from Eucalyptus wood by physical activation \nwith carbon dioxide, giving the BET surface area and pore volume of738 m2/g and0.39 cm3/g, and921 m2/g and0.53 cm3/g for the carbon sample \nAC1 and AC2, respectively. These activated carbons were then used to remove the \nresidual dye left after the silk-dyeing process. The dye solution used for \nadsorption study was a cationic aluminium dye complex of [Al(brazilein)2]+ derived from a \nmixture of alum and extract of the heartwood of Ceasalpinia sappan Linn., \nwith initial dye concentration of 220 mg/l. Effects of adsorbent dosage, \nadsorption time and temperature in the range of 25℃40℃ on dye \nadsorption were investigated. It was found that the adsorption kinetics of this \ndye complex was best described by the pseudo-second order model. \nAdsorption isotherms of this dye complex were well fitted by Langmuir isotherm \nequation. The adsorption capacities for the uptake of this dye complex \nat 25℃, 30℃ and 40℃ were 718.7, 1240.4 and 1139.5 mg/g and 1010.5, 1586.1 \nand 1659.0 mg/g for carbon sample AC1 and AC2, respectively. From these \nresults, it can be concluded that activated carbon containing a higher \nproportion of mesopores gave better dye removal efficiency, \nemphasizing the fact that a proper pore size distribution of carbon adsorbent \nis crucial for the effecttive removal of relatively large size of the \ndye molecules. Thermodynamic parameters, including free energy, enthalpy and \nentropy of adsorption, were also determined. The adsorption enthalpies for \nthe removal of this dye complex of AC1 and AC2 were 105.3 and 55.6 kJ/mol, \nrespectively, indicating that the adsorption is an endothermic process. It was \nfound that the adsorption of this dye complex is spontaneous at the \ntemperatures under investigation.","doi":"10.4236/AJAC.2013.48048","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/26bd4e13088547f1f094ee37a33b4dedfde0f48f","result_position":27,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":95446589,"title":"Production of activated carbons from coffee endocarp by CO2 and steam activation","venue":"","year":2008,"authors":["J. Nabais","P. Nunes","P. Carrott","M. Carrott","A. Garcia","M. A. Díaz-Díez"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1016/J.FUPROC.2007.11.030","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/536b19c3ea132cb7197bd51bcfe24c4c2ab3c8a5","result_position":28,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":210706003,"title":"Application of Experimental Design to Hydrogen Storage: Optimisation of Lignin-Derived Carbons","venue":"C — Journal of Carbon Research","year":2019,"authors":["Jemma L. Rowlandson","James Coombs OBrien","K. Edler","M. Tian","V. Ting"],"abstract":"Lignin is a significant by-product of the paper pulping and biofuel industries. Upgrading lignin to a high-value product is essential for the economic viability of biorefineries for bioethanol production and environmentally benign pulping processes. In this work, the feasibility of lignin-derived activated carbons for hydrogen storage was studied using a Design of Experiments methodology, for a time and cost-efficient exploration of the synthesis process. Four factors (carbonisation temperature, activation temperature, carbonisation time, and activation time) were investigated simultaneously. Development of a mathematical model allowed the factors with the greatest impact to be identified using regression analysis for three responses: surface area, average pore size, and hydrogen uptake at 77 K and 1 bar. Maximising the surface area required activation conditions using the highest settings, however, a low carbonisation temperature was also revealed to be integral to prevent detrimental and excessive pore widening. A small pore size, vital for efficient hydrogen uptake, could be achieved by using low carbonisation temperature but also low activation temperatures. An optimum was achieved using the lowest carbonisation conditions (350 °C for 30 min) to retain a smaller pore size, followed by activation under the severest conditions (1000 °C for 60 min) to maximise surface area and hydrogen uptake. These conditions yielded a material with a high surface area of 1400 m2 g−1 and hydrogen uptake of 1.9 wt.% at 77 K and 1 bar.","doi":"10.3390/c5040082","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a5c50397d3ce06e9b67c8a170ee6074684fce180","result_position":29,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":103712341,"title":"Impacts of CO 2 on char structure and the gasification reactivity","venue":"","year":2017,"authors":["Shenghua Zhu","Yonghui Bai","K. Luo","Chenghao Hao","W. Bao","Fan Li"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1016/J.JAAP.2017.11.005","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2342f8584076d66f073a8a2cd836ada01b1862cf","result_position":30,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":95095491,"title":"Influence of carbonization conditions on the gasification of acacia and eucalyptus wood chars by carbon dioxide","venue":"","year":1994,"authors":["Mithilesh Kumar","R. Gupta"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1016/0016-2361(94)90223-2","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f72a219403cc08a40da4ae846330d908b8ff3c87","result_position":31,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":42880759,"title":"Kinetics investigation on the reduction of NO using straw char based on physicochemical characterization.","venue":"Bioresource Technology","year":2011,"authors":["Xuebin Wang","Jipeng Si","H. Tan","Qinxin Zhao","T. Xu"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2011.05.038","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9b94fc0b516f90691f8d49c5295f57a4a834913d","result_position":32,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":98691774,"title":"Production of special activated carbon from lignite for environmental purposes","venue":"","year":2002,"authors":["G. Skodras","T. Orfanoudaki","E. Kakaras","G. Sakellaropoulos"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1016/S0378-3820(02)00062-0","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e8bc10164f7998864bd0006be3c11d67f5d86c37","result_position":33,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":55127732,"title":"Waste biomass as sources for activated carbon production-A review","venue":"","year":2013,"authors":["Islam","M. Rouf"],"abstract":"A review of the production of activated carbons from waste biomass has been presented. The effects of various process parameters on the pyrolysis stage have been reviewed. Influences of activating conditions, physical and chemical, on the active carbon properties have been discussed. Under certain process conditions several active carbons with BET surface areas, ranging between 250 and 2410 m 2 /g and pore volumes of 0.022 and 91.4 cm 3 /g, have been produced. A comparison in characteristics and uses of activated carbons from waste biomass with those of commercial carbons has been made. Waste biomass being highly efficient, low cost and renewable sources of activated carbon production. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(4) , 347-364, 2012 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i4.14064","doi":"10.3329/BJSIR.V47I4.14064","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cc62bed1f4c450a10ea14b7b9e88abf92159254b","result_position":34,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":226337845,"title":"Thermal Activation of Digested Sewage Sludges for Carbon Dioxide Removal from Biogas","venue":"","year":2020,"authors":["Mirko Tinnirello","D. Papurello","M. Santarelli","S. Fiorilli"],"abstract":"Anaerobically digested sewage sludges were used as feedstock in the production of activated carbons through physical activation. These char samples were experimentally tested as adsorbents for the removal of CO2 from a simulated biogas mixture. The CO2 concentration level allowed in biomethane was fixed from the European Standards EN 16723-1 and EN 16723-2. The char yield and the subsequent adsorption capacity values were studied, considering the operating parameters of the process. A physical activation process was considered with the following parameters: the temperature, the dwell time, the activating agent, the heating rate, the flow rate, and the method. Among the adsorption tests, the activating temperature and the agent employed affected the CO2 removal. The maximum adsorption capacity was achieved with nitrogen as an activating agent at 600 °C, with 2 h of dwell time (102.5 mg/g).","doi":"10.3390/fuels1010004","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7a1cbe081c10e4b9c4da932761f9413c7adbbce5","result_position":35,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":271136508,"title":"Pyrolysis of wheat straw pellets in a pilot‐scale reactor: Effect of temperature and residence time","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","year":2024,"authors":["Bidhan Nath","Guangnan Chen","Les Bowtell","T. Nguyen-Huy"],"abstract":"Pyrolysis of two types of pellets (T1: 100% wheat straw, and T2: 70% wheat straw; 10% sawdust, 10% biochar, and 10% bentonite clay) was performed in a pilot‐scale reactor under a nitrogen environment at 20°C to 700°C. This was to investigate slow pyrolysis yields and gas composition as a function of temperature and residence time. The experimental data were obtained between 300°C and 600°C, with a residence time of 90 min, a nitrogen flow rate of 50 cm3/min, and a heating rate of 20°C/min. The results indicated that the maximum pyrolysis temperature is 605°C with a residence time of 55 min. The product analysis showed that the proportion of gas was higher than that of biochar and bio‐oil. The conversion efficiency increased with higher temperatures and varied between 66% and 76%. The results showed that carbon dioxide was the main component in the produced gas, and the maximum gas concentration was 63.6% at 300°C for T1. The higher temperature and longer residence time increased the syngas (CO + H2) composition for both T1 and T2 treatments. Nevertheless, the produced biochar had a high carbon content and retained a high calorific value, indicating slow pyrolysis is the ideal utilization route of wheat straw pellet biomass for biochar.","doi":"10.1002/ese3.1833","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c7b72040b7e1c62dacdc0c89d6db8ecf855f473a","result_position":36,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":98697890,"title":"Kinetic Study of NO Reduction over Biomass Char under Dynamic Conditions","venue":"","year":2003,"authors":["E. Garijo","A. Jensen","P. Glarborg"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1021/EF020276N","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fdd883a83fad2ab93c60a869b183650d62d2a407","result_position":37,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":94687951,"title":"Activated Carbon from Waste Biomass","venue":"","year":2011,"authors":["E. Schröder","K. Thomauske","B. Oechsler","S. Herberger"],"abstract":"As a result of environmental requirements in many countries and new areas of application the demand on activated carbon is still growing. Due to the unavailability of the main basic materials like hard coal, wood or coconut shells in many countries other biomass matters were tested for their appropriateness of activated carbon production. The objective of this experimental work is the conversion of waste biomass into activated carbon. Waste biomass like straw matters, olive stones, nut shells, coffee grounds and spent grain is converted thermally in two steps. First the biomass undergoes a pyrolysis process at 500°C–600°C in nitrogen atmosphere. The gaseous and liquid pyrolysis products can be used energetically either for heating the facilities or for electricity production. Second, the solid residue, the char, is treated in an activation process at 800°C–1000°C in steam atmosphere in order to enhance the char surface area which was analyzed by standard BET method. The increase of surface area depends on the type of biomass and on the activation parameters. The production methods were investigated in lab-scale facilities whereas a pilot scale reactor was designed for the transformation of the discontinuous activation process to a continuous production process. The use of agricultural by-products for activated carbon production as well as the influence of ash content, pyrolysis and activation conditions on the activated carbon quality is investigated by many authors. The high ash content of rice straw makes it difficult to achieve a sufficiently high surface area (Ahmedna et al., 2000). The influence of a one step and a two step thermal treatment of rice straw in CO2 atmosphere is discussed in (Yun et al., 2001). The two step treatment leads to higher surface areas than the one step treatment which correspond to the own results. Higher temperatures of physical activation in CO2 atmosphere leads to pore widening which causes an increase of mesopores. Physical activation by the use of an oxidizing gas like steam or CO2 results in carbons with low surface area whereas chemical activation enhances the carbon surface area (Ahmedna et al., 2000). Chemical activation of rice husks and rice straw is investigated in (Guo et al., 2002; Oh & Park, 2002). The impregnation of rice precursors with KOH or NaOH enhances the surface area. In addition the activation temperature can be lowered. Washing rice straw with alkaline solutions like NaOH allows to reduce the ash content as shown in Table 1 and (Huang et al., 2001). Carbonisation and activation of pretreated rice straw leads to higher surface areas than of non-treated straw","doi":"10.5772/20594","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/09424d4a53be4df4a0d9f6597b3726361af8b5ef","result_position":38,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":237851745,"title":"A Review on Preparation and Characterization of Activated Bio-Char","venue":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","year":2021,"authors":["D. Azad","R. Pateriya","R. Sharma"],"abstract":"Activated charcoal (AC) is a carbonaceous material with high surface area due to high degree of micro-porosity which makes it a very versatile adsorbent for utilization in industrial, medicinal, environmental and other fields. Ligno-cellulosic biomass (eg. pine needles, paddy stubbles, other waste agricultural residue) can be a prominent raw material for activated bio-char due to its abundance, slow decomposition (which lead to fire/ air pollution). The main factors which affect the AC characteristics (surface area, micropore volume, mesopore volume) are biomass properties, impregnation ratio, impregnation time, activation temperature and activation time. The specific surface area, micropore, mesopore decreases after optimum value with continually increase in impregnation ratio and impregnation time. The activation temperature and impregnation ratio also affect the AC yield significantly. Sorption capacity get affected by adsorbent doses, contact time, agitation speed, adsorption temperature due to availability of active binding sites, adsorptive forces/ bonds.","doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2021/v11i430398","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7eaa39cc9a2fee456010a4b35c6d0f658633bc1a","result_position":39,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":103521271,"title":"Studies on biomass char gasification and dynamics","venue":"","year":2018,"authors":["Zhanping You","S. You","Xiaoyan Ma"],"abstract":"The gasification performances of two kinds of biomass char by experiment methods are studied, including conversion rate and gasification gas component with temperature and time. Experimental results show that gasification temperature has important effects on the conversion rate and gas component. In the range of experimental temperature, char conversion rates are no more than 30.0%. The apparent activation energies and apparent reaction frequency factors of two biomass chars are obtained through kinetic studies.","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/108/5/052032","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d65d8a79ce40c0ac22dbdac71e6d1c343ee48374","result_position":40,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":254711913,"title":"PREPARATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM TIRE DERIVED PYROLYTIC CHAR FOR ADSORPTION OF TETRACYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDE","venue":"ASEAN Engineering Journal","year":2022,"authors":["Khulanuttha Chana","Sasit Soisuwan","Sarawut Sinpichai","Bing‐Hung Chen","Duangkamol Na-Ranong"],"abstract":"Effects of activation variables on performance of the obtained activated carbon (AC) were investigated for removal of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH). Pyrolytic char derived from waste tire was chemically activated via two-step of KOH impregnation following by thermal treatment. According to regression analysis and fitting with second-degree polynomial equation, empirical models were developed to correlate performance of AC in TCH adsorption (percentage removal and adsorption capacity at equilibrium) with three activation variables: impregnation ratio (IR), activation temperature (T) and holding time of thermal treatment (t). The analysis of variance indicated that only T, T2 and IR2 were significant to the prediction of both percentage removal and adsorption capacity. According to the developed models, it is suggested that the pyrolytic char should be activated at IR = 6, T = 750 °C and t = 2 h to obtain the highest efficiency of TCH removal in the tested range of activation condition.","doi":"10.11113/aej.v12.18437","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3bb238212bab6f2e0eaa39256ef1591dea2317cf","result_position":41,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":267998884,"title":"Recycling PVC Waste into CO2 Adsorbents: Optimizing Pyrolysis Valorization with Neuro-Fuzzy Models","venue":"Processes","year":2024,"authors":["E. Jiménez-García","Salvador Pérez‐Huertas","A. Pérez","M. Calero","G. Blázquez"],"abstract":"Nowadays, the environmental challenges associated with plastics are becoming increasingly prominent, making the exploitation of alternatives to landfill disposal a pressing concern. Particularly, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), characterized by its high chlorine content, poses a major environmental risk during degradation. Furthermore, PVC recycling and recovery present considerable challenges. This study aims to optimize the PVC pyrolysis valorization process to produce effective adsorbents for removing contaminants from gaseous effluents, especially CO2. For this purpose, PVC waste was pyrolyzed under varied conditions, and the resulting solid fraction was subjected to a series of chemical and physical activations by means of hydroxides (NaOH and KOH) and nitrogen. Characterization of the PVC-based activated carbons was carried out using surface morphology (SEM), N2 adsorption/desorption, elemental analysis, and FTIR, and their capacity to capture CO2 was assessed. Finally, neuro-fuzzy models were developed for the optimization of the valorization technique. The resulting activated carbons exhibited excellent CO2 adsorption capabilities, particularly those activated with KOH. Optimal activation conditions include activations at 840 °C with NaOH at a ratio of 0.66 and at 760 °C using either NaOH or KOH with ratios below 0.4. Activations under these experimental conditions resulted in a significant increase in the adsorption capacity, of up to 25%, in the resulting samples.","doi":"10.3390/pr12030431","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9ce55b1084458a236ad2d50d3718e0289ec375a3","result_position":42,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":247298496,"title":"Pyrolysis of Biomass Wastes into Carbon Materials","venue":"Energies","year":2022,"authors":["Małgorzata Sieradzka","C. Kirczuk","I. Kalemba-Rec","Agata Mlonka-Mędrala","A. Magdziarz"],"abstract":"This study presents the results of the biomass pyrolysis process focusing on biochar production and its potential energetic (as solid fuel) and material (as adsorbent) applications. Three kinds of biomass waste were investigated: wheat straw, spent coffee grounds, and brewery grains. The pyrolysis process was carried out under nitrogen atmosphere at 400 and 500 °C (residence time of 20 min). A significant increase in the carbon content was observed in the biochars, e.g., from 45% to 73% (at 400 °C) and 77% (at 500 °C) for spent coffee grounds. In addition, the structure and morphology were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Thermal properties were studied using a simultaneous thermal analysis under an oxidising atmosphere. The chemical activation was completed using KOH. The sorption properties of the obtained biochars were tested using chromium ion (Cr3+) adsorption from liquid solution. The specific surface area and average pore diameter of each sample were determined using the BET method. Finally, it was found that selected biochars can be applied as adsorbent or a fuel. In detail, brewery grains-activated carbon had the highest surface area, wheat straw-activated carbon adsorbed the highest amount of Cr3+, and wheat straw chars presented the best combustion properties.","doi":"10.3390/en15051941","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/01e45384b2dafbcde6e15f944415e8b09aa3dc1e","result_position":43,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":236945591,"title":"Computer Analysis of the Porous Structure of Activated Carbons Derived from Various Biomass Materials by Chemical Activation","venue":"Materials","year":2021,"authors":["M. Kwiatkowski","E. Broniek"],"abstract":"In this study, the preparation of activated carbons from various materials of biomass origin by activation with potassium hydroxide and a comprehensive computer analysis of their porous structure and adsorption properties based on benzene (C6H6) adsorption isotherms were carried out. In particular, the influence of the mass ratio of the activator’s dry mass to the char mass on the formation of the microporous structure of the obtained activated carbons was analysed. The summary of the analyses carried out based on benzene adsorption isotherms begged the conclusion that activated carbon with a maximum adsorption volume in the first adsorbed layer and homogeneous surface can be obtained from ebony wood at a mass ratio of the activator to the char of R = 3. The obtained results confirmed the superiority of the new numerical-clustering-based adsorption analysis (LBET) method over simple methods of porous structure analysis, such as the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and Dubinin–Raduskevich (DR) methods. The LBET method is particularly useful in the evaluation of the influence of the methods and conditions of production of activated carbons on the formation of their porous structure. This method, together with an appropriate economic analysis, can help in the precise selection of methods and conditions for the process of obtaining activated carbons at specific manufacturing costs, and thus makes it possible to obtain materials that can successfully compete with those of other technologies used in industrial practice and everyday life.","doi":"10.3390/ma14154121","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6c3c3ea44c0e56423aae29bc13802c879b2cb087","result_position":44,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":119094131,"title":"Impact of Char Properties and Reaction Parameters on Naphthalene Conversion in a Macro-TGA Fixed Char Bed Reactor","venue":"Catalysts","year":2019,"authors":["Ziad Abu El-Rub","E. Bramer","Samer I. Al-Gharabli","G. Brem"],"abstract":"Catalytic tar removal is one of the main challenges restricting the successful commercialization of biomass gasification. Hot gas cleaning using a heterogeneous catalyst is one of the methods used to remove tar. In order to economically remove tar, an efficient low-cost catalyst should be applied. Biomass char has the potential to be such a catalyst. In this work, the reactor parameters that affect the conversion of a model tar component “naphthalene” were investigated employing an in situ thermogravimetric analysis of a fixed bed of biomass char. The following reactor and catalyst parameters were investigated: bed temperature (750 to 900 °C), gas residence time in the char bed (0.4 to 2.4 s), char particle size (500 to 1700 μm), feed naphthalene concentration, feed gas composition (CO, CO2, H2O, H2, CH4, naphthalene, and N2), char properties, and char precursor. It was found that the biomass char has a high activity for naphthalene conversion. However, the catalytic performance of the biomass char was affected by the gasification reactions that consumed its carbon, and the coke deposition that reduced its activity. Furthermore, high ash and iron contents enhanced char activity. The results of this work will be used in the design of a process that uses biomass char as an auto-generated catalyst in the gasification process.","doi":"10.3390/CATAL9040307","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/03dc728f10b3fca967d616cf3b3dc0cfbfe93e11","result_position":45,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":258400344,"title":"Use of By-Products from Gasification and Carbonization from Polymeric Residues and Biomass for Application in Liquid Phase Adsorption","venue":"Environments","year":2023,"authors":["A. Assis","R. Panizio","L. Calado","P. Brito","P. Mourão"],"abstract":"The search for strategies that contribute to circular economy, based on the valorization of by-products of the most diverse industries and processes, is one of the main environmental objectives at present. This study aims to evaluate the possibility of valorizing by-products from the gasification and carbonization of polymeric residues and biomass of natural origin through their application in adsorption processes. The selected residues and carbon by-products resulting from thermochemical conversion by the gasification and carbonization processes, after their physical and chemical characterization, presented improved structural and chemical properties which allow their application in adsorption processes. The characterization of the materials and samples prepared in this work involved a variety of analytical techniques, such as thermogravimetric analysis, polarized attenuated Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, ultimate analysis, and nitrogen adsorption at 77 K. It was possible to observe that the material has between 40% and 50% volatile matter, and when carbonized, these values decrease to the range of 5% and 10%. The BET surface area analysis of these chars shows values between 100 and 400 m2g−1. For the chemically activated samples and for the phenol molecule, the samples with the best results are those that were prepared using olive prunings as a precursor. For the physically activated samples and also for phenol adsorption, the samples that showed the most potential were the ones prepared via air activation. Regarding the gasified samples, the best results were achieved with the samples without the incorporation of waste-derived fuel.","doi":"10.3390/environments10050074","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f12d763293678bcb9061064c15d1b16fade96e80","result_position":46,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":221883354,"title":"The effects of activation conditions on physical properties of activated carbon","venue":"","year":2020,"authors":["Yan Luo","Kang Wang","Ling Fei"],"abstract":"Porous carbons with a high porosity were successfully produced from fast pyrolysis pine wood char via a thermochemical method in which KOH was used as chemical activator. The effects of various weight ratios of KOH to pyrolysis char (0.65:1, 0.7:1, 1.0:1, 1.35:1, and 1.7:1) on the physical properties of activated carbons were investigated. When the weight ratio of KOH to pyrolysis char was 1.35:1, the prepared activated carbon had the highest surface area of 1140 m2/g with a total pore volume of 0.71 cm3/g, a microporous surface area of 957 m2/g, and a microporous specific volume of 0.51 cm3/g. As the weight ratio of KOH to pyrolysis char increased from 0.65 to 1.35, the prepared activated carbon had increases in total surface area, total pore volume, microporous surface area, and specific volume of micropores. However, there was a reverse trend when the weight ratio of KOH to pyrolysis char was higher than 1.35. The use of nitrogen as a flow gas resulted in much more developed activated carbon than without nitrogen. The experiment results suggested that activated carbon with high surface area could be prepared from pyrolysis char by adjusting the activation conditions.","doi":"10.15376/biores.15.4.7640-7647","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0f93f289b5e8677a13d92168dcc42c8bbcfd2e54","result_position":47,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":248936677,"title":"Influence of preparation conditions on the physical structure and surface properties of enteromorpha clathrate bio-char","venue":"MATEC Web of Conferences","year":2022,"authors":["L. Liu","Yali Zheng","Peng Gong","Guangcai Shao","Xu Huang"],"abstract":"Bio-char with rich pore structure was obtained by pyrolysis of enteromorpha clathrate (EC) and subsequent activation process. The effect of pyrolysis methods, KOH concentrations used in activation and heating rate was studied. A new method that combined pyrolysis and activation into one step was proposed. The bio-char obtained via slow pyrolysis at 450°C and 700°C had a certain pore structure. The bio-char obtained via fast pyrolysis had almost no effective pore structure and a large amount of organic matters still exist in the bio-char, while it had the largest specific surface area after activation by KOH at 800°C. Therefore, bio-char that is a kind of by-product in the process of making bio-oil by fast pyrolysis of EC is worthy of further exploration. As the KOH concentration of the impregnated solution increased, the specific surface area first increased and then decreased. The bio-char obtained via impregnation and activation with 3 mol/L KOH had the highest specific surface area (1128.85 m2/g) and pore volume (0.789 cm3/g). If the processes of pyrolysis and activation were combined into one step via mixing KOH and EC, the structure of cell tissue in the EC was reserved. The sample that prepared by mixing 2 g dried EC with 0.1 g KOH powder has the highest specific surface area (724.66 m2/g) and better pore structure. The best heating rate was 5°C/min for impregnation method and 2°C/min for one step method.","doi":"10.1051/matecconf/202235801032","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ce07cd3b22a162fb0cbf33e0c2ee811699a4f1b3","result_position":48,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":240091111,"title":"Comparison of Structure and Magnetic Properties of Ni/C Composites Synthesized from Wheat Straw by Different Methods","venue":"Applied Sciences","year":2021,"authors":["I. Bordun","K. Chwastek","D. Całus","P. Chabecki","F. Ivashchyshyn","Z. Kohut","Anatoliy Borysiuk","Yuriy Kulyk"],"abstract":"Synthesis of Ni/C nanostructured composites based on a natural raw material, i.e., wheat straw, is carried out in this work. The synthesis is performed by one- and two-stage methods using NiCl2 as the activating agent. The X-ray diffraction and EDS analyses reveal the presence of metallic nickel in the structure of the composites, whereas magnetic measurements showed that nickel was contained in the porous carbon matrix in the nanoparticle state. For nanocomposites synthesized by the one-stage method, the largest contribution to the formation of the porous structure might be attributed to pores with radii from 5 to 30 nm; for a nanocomposite synthesized in two stages, the pore distribution function exhibits a narrow isolated peak with a maximum of around 2.6 nm. Based on the obtained magnetic data, the coercive force, specific saturation magnetization and nickel content in nanocomposites are calculated. For the measured values of the coercive force, the average size of magnetic moment carriers is determined to be ~100 nm for the two-stage synthesis nanocomposite and ~100 ÷ 110 nm for the one-stage synthesis nanocomposites. The developed Ni/C nanocomposites might be used as a cheap material for energy storage applications or as magnetically controlled adsorbents.","doi":"10.3390/app112110031","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a2646ad82edf46b6e899805c85b2c7203d671933","result_position":49,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":251114322,"title":"Possibility of Producing Activated Carbon from Mango Tress Wastes Using Physical Activation","venue":"Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering","year":2022,"authors":["R. El-bessoumy","E. Salem"],"abstract":"Biomass is widely recognized as a sustainable resource for producing activated carbon for environmental applications and energy. However, the main disadvantage remains the production of activated carbon from biomass with a large surface area that can be effectively used for ecological treatment. The present study shows the effect of different activation methods to produce activated carbon from mango trees’ wood residues. Pre-treatments for mango tree wood residues were done with carbonization at 400 ᵒC for 30 min. The produced was impregnated in KOH solution (1:1 ratio) for chemical activation. Afterward, the char created was dried at 105 ᵒC for 60 minutes in the oven. Four different diameters of 3, 4, 5, and 6 mm of produced char were achieved. Samples of 100 g from char were activated at four different temperature levels of 300, 350, 400 and 450 ᵒC for activation times of (15, 20, 25 and 30 min), respectively. The gage pressure of the atmosphere was recorded in the activation process at a constant nitrogen flow rate of 50cm³/min. The results showed an effect on the surface area of produced activated carbon. The best surface area for produced activated carbon was 1199.8m²/g at maximum methylene blue absorption of 528.9 mg/g, the temperature of 400 ᵒC, activation time of 30 min and under atmospheric pressure for the specimens of 3 mm in diameter.","doi":"10.21608/jssae.2022.146305.1085","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/31f550011080cb21a5a8c54d27473ec2a0c852c8","result_position":50,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":125402749,"title":"Kinetic study of the pyrolysis and gasification of rosa multiflora and miscanthus giganteus biomasses via thermogravimetric analysis","venue":"","year":2017,"authors":["O. Tursunov","J. Dobrowolski","Katarzyna Zubek","G. Czerski","P. Grzywacz","F. Dubert","B. Lapczynska-Kordon","K. Klima","B. Handke"],"abstract":"The thermal behaviour of the Rosa mutiflora (3groups: control; irradiated 3times/3sec and 3times/9sec by low power laser of wavelength 672 nm) and Miscanthus giganteus (3 groups: R, V and Z) biomass by thermogravimetric analysis was studied at heating rate 3 K/min -1 from ambient temperature to 950 o C. TGA tests were performed in high purity carbon dioxide (99.998%) with a flow rate 200 ml/min and 100 mg of sample, milled and sieved to a particle size below 250 μm. In contrast to the majority of the conducted examinations, which are carried out with the use of chars, the measurements were conducted for raw biomass. The kinetics parameters of the biomass conversion process were determined from the experimental data by integral methods (Murray and White; Senum and Yang). The methods used have allowed distinguishing and analyzing the different stages of the process, i.e. the primary and secondary pyrolysis as well as gasification. Both methods gave comparable results. The activation energy determined using more accurate Senum and Yang method ranged from 85 to 88 kJ/mol (primary pyrolysis), from 29 to 32 kJ/mol (secondary pyrolysis) and from 173 to 190 kJ/mol (gasification) for Rosa multiflora biomass and from 86 to 111 kJ/mol (primary pyrolysis), from 22 to 25 kJ/mol (secondary pyrolysis) and from 181 to 217 kJ/mol (gasification) for Miscanthus giganteus .The pre-exponential factor was in the range of 5.95×10 6 to 13.05×10 6 min -1 (primary pyrolysis), 2.25 to 4.22 min -1 (secondary pyrolysis) and 13.96×10 6 to 1.18×10 8 min -1","doi":"10.2298/TSCI160524130T","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2f33ce35a8f7ce62a8052ebdb04ad3a1eb1a196d","result_position":51,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":53612422,"title":"Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from bio-diesel by-products (Jatropha seedcake) by steam activation.","venue":"","year":2012,"authors":["MS Islam","MA Rouf","S. Fujimoto","T. Minowa"],"abstract":"Activated carbon was prepared using bio-diesel waste ( Jatropha seedcake ) by conventional carbonization followed by steam activation process on a laboratory scale. Preliminary tests were conducted to investigate the influences of different operating parameters, such as initial material size, pyrolysis temperature and hold time on the properties of pyrolized chars. To determine the optimum conditions for producing activated carbon, the effect of activation temperature and activation time have been studied. The maximum BET surface area of 613.43 m 2 /g and highest methylene blue adsorption capacity of 8.27 mg/g was obtained at a pyrolysis temperature of 600°C for hold time 1.5 hr followed by steam activation at a temperature of 800°C for a hold time of 1 hr. The produced activated carbon was almost like ash at 900°C. FT-IR and TG/DTA have been done in order to understand the structural changes during the process. The waste material was a suitable raw material for the production of good quality activated carbon. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i3.13056 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(3) , 257-264, 2012","doi":"10.3329/BJSIR.V47I3.13056","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/27be8633f0e60c12d0fc7d855f389a7c29afeeac","result_position":52,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":135962275,"title":"Characterization of Activated Carbon from Wood Sawdust Prepared via Chemical Activation Using Potassium Hydroxide","venue":"","year":2013,"authors":["A. Borhan","M. Taha","A.A Hamzah"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.832.132","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7890d3764d063ecf395078ec3f68b2946661c30d","result_position":53,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":260939025,"title":"Experimental Study and Thermodynamic Analysis of Carbon Dioxide Adsorption onto Activated Carbons Prepared from Biowaste Raw Materials","venue":"Gases","year":2023,"authors":["O. V. Solovtsova","I. Men’shchikov","A. Shkolin","A. Grinchenko","E. Khozina","A. Fomkin"],"abstract":"Nutshells are regarded as cost-effective and abundant raw materials for producing activated carbons (ACs) for CO2 capture, storage, and utilization. The effects of carbonization temperature and thermochemical KOH activation conditions on the porous structure as a BET surface, micropore volume, micropore width, and pore size distribution of ACs prepared from walnut (WNS) and hazelnut (HNS) shells were investigated. As a result, one-step carbonization at 900/800 °C and thermochemical KOH activation with a char/KOH mass ratio of 1:2/1:3 were found to be optimal for preparing ACs from WNS/HNS: WNS-AC-3 and HNS-AC-2, respectively. The textural properties of the WNS/HNS chars and ACs were characterized by low-temperature nitrogen vapor adsorption, XRD, and SEM methods. Dubinin’s theory of volume filling of micropores was used to evaluate the microporosity parameters and to calculate the CO2 adsorption equilibrium over the sub- and supercritical temperatures from 216.4 to 393 K at a pressure up to 10 MPa. The CO2 capture capacities of WNS- and HNS-derived adsorbents reached 5.9/4.1 and 5.4/3.9 mmol/g at 273/293 K under 0.1 MPa pressure, respectively. A discrepancy between the total and delivery volumetric adsorption capacities of the adsorbents was attributed to the strong binding of CO2 molecules with the adsorption sites, which were mainly narrow micropores with a high adsorption potential. The high initial differential heats of CO2 adsorption onto ACs of ~32 kJ/mol confirmed this proposal. The behaviors of thermodynamic functions (enthalpy and entropy) of the adsorption systems were attributed to changes in the state of adsorbed CO2 molecules determined by a balance between attractive and repulsive CO2–CO2 and CO2–AC interactions during the adsorption process. Thus, the chosen route for preparing ACs from the nutshells made it possible to prepare efficient carbon adsorbents with a relatively high CO2 adsorption performance due to a substantial volume of micropores with a size in the range of 0.6–0.7 nm.","doi":"10.3390/gases3030008","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ed0aa87a3abd9658ba9515f24ef4aacec0110f41","result_position":54,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":232120945,"title":"Wooden Activated Carbon Production for Dioxin Removal via a Two-Step Process of Carbonization Coupled with Steam Activation from Biomass Wastes","venue":"ACS Omega","year":2021,"authors":["XiaoNa Wei","Tingting Li"],"abstract":"A two-step process of carbonization coupled with steam activation was proposed for wooden activated carbon production from four kinds of biomass waste materials. The TG-FTIR results show that the carbonization process started at around 250 °C and finished at 500 °C for the coconut shell, pinewood, and plywood. The carbonization temperature of corn straw was lower than those of the other three samples, which was attributed to the higher concentration of ash content. FTIR results for the volatile compounds during carbonization show that CH4, CO, CO2, and hydrocarbons are the main detected gaseous species. The CH4 and CmHn yields of pinewood and plywood are higher than those of the coconut shell and corn straw. The carbonization results on the tubular furnace reactor show that furfural and phenol and its derivatives are the main tar compounds in waste carbonization. Carbonization experiments show that a temperature of 500 °C and residence time of 30 min are the optimized parameters for the three biomass wastes. The char yields are 26.4, 25.73, and 30.38% for pinewood, plywood, and coconut shell, respectively. CFD modeling has proven that using 20% of the volatiles could achieve lowest pollution and provide heat for carbonization of biomass waste. The steam activation results show that an activation temperature of 800 °C and activation time of 30 min are suitable for all three biomass samples, which could obtain optimized AC yields and adsorption quality for dioxin.","doi":"10.1021/acsomega.0c06032","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/79ff5ab14fe5dafab57f85d6d9b7b96f42cf7646","result_position":55,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":231734498,"title":"Char Products From Bamboo Waste Pyrolysis and Acid Activation","venue":"Frontiers in Materials","year":2021,"authors":["P. Parthasarathy","H. Mackey","Sabah Mariyam","S. Zuhara","T. Al-Ansari","G. Mckay"],"abstract":"Bamboo is found worldwide but is especially concentrated in tropical and subtropical areas with the major producing nations being China, Indonesia and Thailand with an annual production of 12 million tonnes. It has found uses in many applications such as: furniture, flooring, roofing, fencing, interior design and scaffolding in the construction industry. In this study, discarded waste bamboo furniture was used in the ground form as the raw material feedstock for the production of a series of biochars and activated carbons. The biochars were produced at different temperatures, namely, 723, 823, 923, 1,023, 1,123 and 1223 K, in a muffle furnace inerted with nitrogen and for different pyrolysis times. The product chars yields were 20–30% by weight of the raw material, surface areas were 100–350 m2/g. Other tests include elemental analysis, helium displacement density, pH, ICP-AES on a leachate sample. Four of the different temperature samples of biochar were used to adsorb the basic dye methylene blue and were shown to possess high adsorption capacities. Then, the same bamboo raw material powder was treated with acid and pyrolysed/activated in a nitrogen atmosphere at the same range of temperatures to produce activated carbons; these were characterized using similar test methods to the biochars. The yields are in the range 20–40% by weight of the raw material feedstock and the BET surface areas are in the range 200–600 m2/g. Three of the different temperature activated carbons were used to adsorb methylene blue and the results were compared with the biochar results. All the adsorption experimental isotherm results were analyzed using conventional isotherm equations. The benefits and cost implications of both biochar and activated carbon routes are discussed. The methylene blue adsorption capacities are extremely attractive in the range 0.42–1.12 mmol/g (150–300 mg/g char product) and extend to over 2.35 mmol/g (700 mg/g) for the bamboo derived activated carbons. The micropore and mesopore volumes have been determined under the various char and activated carbon experimental conditions and coupled with the surface areas; these results have been used to explain the trends in the methylene blue adsorption capacities.","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2020.624791","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/95405c1db894543a76559483d714e894152fb916","result_position":56,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":238706066,"title":"Wood and Black Liquor-Based N-Doped Activated Carbon for Energy Application","venue":"Sustainability","year":2021,"authors":["A. Plavniece","A. Volperts","G. Dobele","A. Zhurinsh","K. Kaare","I. Kruusenberg","K. Kaprāns","A. Knoks","J. Kleperis"],"abstract":"Fuel cells, batteries and supercapacitors are critical to meet the rising global demand for clean, sustainable energy. Biomass-derived activated carbon can be obtained with tailored properties to fulfil the extensive need for low-cost, high-performance, catalyst and electrode materials. To investigate the possibility of nanoporous nitrogen-doped carbon materials as catalysts in fuel cells and electrodes in lithium-ion batteries, biomass precursors were thermochemically activated with NaOH at 800 °C, nitrogen was introduced using dicyandiamide and doping was performed at 800 °C. The chemical composition, porous structure, texture and electrochemical properties of the obtained materials change depending on the biomass precursor used. It has been found that the most promising precursor of the obtained materials is wood char, both as an oxygen reduction catalyst in fuel cells, which shows better properties than the commercial 20% Pt/C catalyst, and as an anode material in Li-ion batteries. However, catalysts based on black liquor and hybrid material have comparable properties with commercial 20% Pt/C catalyst and can be considered as a cheaper alternative.","doi":"10.3390/su13169237","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bfc5e7efe34ad43bc61efc74918bbc28072e81f6","result_position":57,"is_clicked":false}],"string":"[\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 210988400,\n \"title\": \"Adsorption Performance of Physically Activated Biochars for Postcombustion CO2 Capture from Dry and Humid Flue Gas\",\n \"venue\": \"Applied Sciences\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Manyà\",\n \"David García-Morcate\",\n \"Belén González\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In the present study, the performance of four biomass-derived physically activated biochars for dynamic CO2 capture was assessed. Biochars were first produced from vine shoots and wheat straw pellets through slow pyrolysis (at pressures of 0.1 and 0.5 MPa) and then activated with CO2 (at 0.1 MPa and 800 °C) up to different degrees of burn-off. Cyclic adsorption-desorption measurements were conducted under both dry and humid conditions using a packed-bed of adsorbent at relatively short residence times of the gas phase (12–13 s). The adsorbent prepared from the vine shoots-derived biochar obtained by atmospheric pyrolysis, which showed the most hierarchical pore size distribution, exhibited a good and stable performance under dry conditions and at an adsorption temperature of 50 °C, due to the enhanced CO2 adsorption and desorption rates. However, the presence of relatively high concentrations of water vapor in the feeding gas clearly interfered with the CO2 adsorption mechanism, leading to significantly shorter breakthrough times. In this case, the highest percentages of a used bed were achieved by one of the other activated biochars tested, which was prepared from the wheat straw-derived biochar obtained by pressurized pyrolysis.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/app10010376\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/95d525339996d1958c41ea2027db01f7d2caa676\",\n \"result_position\": 0,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 217588779,\n \"title\": \"Activated Carbon Produced by Pyrolysis of Waste Wood and Straw for Potential Wastewater Adsorption\",\n \"venue\": \"Materials\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"K. Januszewicz\",\n \"P. Kazimierski\",\n \"Maciej Klein\",\n \"D. Kardaś\",\n \"J. Łuczak\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Pyrolysis of straw pellets and wood strips was performed in a fixed bed reactor. The chars, solid products of thermal degradation, were used as potential materials for activated carbon production. Chemical and physical activation processes were used to compare properties of the products. The chemical activation agent KOH was chosen and the physical activation was conducted with steam and carbon dioxide as oxidising gases. The effect of the activation process on the surface area, pore volume, structure and composition of the biochar was examined. The samples with the highest surface area (1349.6 and 1194.4 m2/g for straw and wood activated carbons, respectively) were obtained when the chemical activation with KOH solution was applied. The sample with the highest surface area was used as an adsorbent for model wastewater contamination removal.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/ma13092047\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/85a6d7a287800aa7b97019bfda605e2e85db8e47\",\n \"result_position\": 1,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 235513093,\n \"title\": \"Influence of pressure on the gasification kinetics of two high-temperature beech wood chars with CO2, H2O and its mixture\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"C. Schneider\",\n \"M. Zeller\",\n \"Daniela Böhm\",\n \"T. Kolb\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract This paper presents experimental data and modeling approaches to describe the influence of CO2 and H2O partial pressure as well as absolute pressure on the gasification kinetics of two different beech wood chars. The chars were produced at 1400 °C (P1400) and 1600 °C (P1600) at high-heating rates and short residence times in a drop-tube reactor. The gasification experiments were conducted in a single-particle reactor with forced flow-through conditions reducing diffusional effects to a minimum. The interpretation of the experimentally determined reaction rates during gasification with CO2, H2O and its mixture is based on the char properties (graphitization, ash dispersion and morphology) presented in a previous publication. During gasification with CO2, P1600 shows higher reactivity as compared to P1400 for all CO2 partial pressures and temperatures applied. The higher reactivity of P1600 during CO2 gasification may be explained by a CaO film on the char surface catalyzing the char-CO2 gasification reaction. On the other hand, P1400 shows higher reactivity towards H2O which may be evoked by the lower graphitization degree and higher specific surface area. Reaction kinetic modeling for single atmosphere gasification was successfully carried out using a power law approach. The Langmuir-Hinshelwood model, however, only gave good results where a possible saturation of the char surface at high pressure was observed. Increasing the CO2 partial pressure during gasification in mixed CO2/H2O atmospheres leads to higher reactivity for both chars. The reaction rate rmix can be expressed by addition of the single atmosphere reaction rates in the low pressure area suggesting a separate active site mechanism. Catalytic activity of CaO increases the P1600 reactivity distinctively for lower H2O and CO2 partial pressures. For higher H2O and CO2 partial pressures, P1600 reactivity stagnates due to lower specific surface area and higher graphitization degree. Here, a common active sites mechanism can be assumed.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/J.FUEL.2021.120523\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7bf0cb5da2403db8e2c8046165ef75250c969d05\",\n \"result_position\": 2,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 245230624,\n \"title\": \"Sorption and Textural Properties of Activated Carbon Derived from Charred Beech Wood\",\n \"venue\": \"Molecules\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Zgrzebnicki\",\n \"A. Kałamaga\",\n \"R. Wróbel\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The aim of this study was to prepare activated carbon materials with different porous structures. For this purpose, the biomass precursor, beech wood, was carbonized in an inert atmosphere, and the obtained charcoal was physically activated using carbon dioxide at 1273 K. Different porous structures were obtained by controlling the time of the activation process. Prepared materials were characterized in terms of textural (N2 sorption at 77 K), structural (XRD), and sorption properties (CO2, C2H4, C4H10). The shortest activation time resulted in a mostly microporous structure, which provided a high sorption of CO2. Increasing the activation time led to an increasing of the pores’ diameters. Therefore, the highest ethene uptake was obtained for the material with an intermediate activation time, while the highest butane uptake was obtained for the material with the highest activation time.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/molecules26247604\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dddc06a756d8e5277686d6e618615eac03acd74b\",\n \"result_position\": 3,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 224994151,\n \"title\": \"Effect of calcium dispersion and graphitization during high-temperature pyrolysis of beech wood char on the gasification rate with CO2\",\n \"venue\": \"Fuel\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"C. Schneider\",\n \"Stella Walker\",\n \"Aekjuthon Phounglamcheik\",\n \"K. Umeki\",\n \"T. Kolb\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract This paper presents thermal deactivation of beech wood chars during secondary pyrolysis in a drop-tube reactor. Pyrolysis temperature was varied between 1000 °C and 1600 °C at a constant residence time of 200 ms. The effect of pyrolysis conditions on initial conversion rate R0 during gasification, graphitization of the carbon matrix and ash morphology was investigated. Gasification experiments for the determination of R0 were conducted in a thermogravimetric analyzer using pure CO2 at 750 °C and isothermal conditions. A linear decrease in initial conversion rate R0 was observed between 1000 °C and 1400 °C. However, a strong increase of R0 at 1600 °C was encountered. Micropore surface area of the secondary chars showed no correlation with the initial conversion rate R0 during gasification with CO2. Graphitization of the carbon matrix was determined using X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy suggesting the growth of aromatic clusters and graphite-like structures for increasing pyrolysis temperatures up to 1600 °C. Furthermore, CaO dispersion was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively using temperature-programmed reaction at 300 °C as well as SEM/TEM. CaO dispersion DCaO decreases steadily between 1000 °C and 1400 °C whereas a strong increase can be observed at 1600 °C, which is in good accordance with the development of the initial conversion rate R0 as a function of pyrolysis temperature. SEM/TEM images indicate the formation of a thin CaO layer at 1600 °C that is presumably responsible for the strong increase in initial conversion rate R0 at this temperature. When excluding the catalytic activity of CaO via formation of the ratio R0 DCaO−1, increasing graphitization degree has a linear negative influence on char reactivity at pyrolysis temperatures between 1000 °C and 1400 °C.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.fuel.2020.118826\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/55f477715eb7ac111659c9783528d6982593a181\",\n \"result_position\": 4,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 212708556,\n \"title\": \"Post-Pyrolytic Carbon as a Phase Change Materials (PCMs) Carrier for Application in Building Materials\",\n \"venue\": \"Materials\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Ryms\",\n \"K. Januszewicz\",\n \"P. Kazimierski\",\n \"J. Łuczak\",\n \"E. Klugmann-Radziemska\",\n \"W. Lewandowski\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This article covers new application for char as a carrier of phase-change materials (PCM) that could be used as an additive to building materials. Being composed of bio-char and PCM, the granulate successfully competes with more expensive commercial materials of this type, such as Micronal® PCM. As a PCM carrier, char that was obtained from the pyrolysis of chestnut fruit (Aesculus hippocastanum) with different absorbances of the model phase-change material, Rubitherm RT22, was tested. DSC analysis elucidated several thermal properties (such as enthalpy, phase transition temperature, and temperature peak) of those mixtures and the results were compared with a commercial equivalent, Micronal DS 5040 X. Comparative research, approximating realistic conditions, were also performed by cooling and heating samples in a form of coatings that were made from chars with different content of RT22. These results indicated that the use of char as a PCM carrier was not only possible, but also beneficial from a thermodynamic point of view and it could serve as an alternative to commercial products. In this case, adsorption RT22 into char allowed for temperature stabilization comparable to Micronal DS 5040 X with ease of use as well as the economic advantages of being very low cost to produce due to microencapsulation. Other advantage of the proposed solution is related with the application of char obtained from waste biomass pyrolysis as a PCM carrier, and using this product in building construction to improve thermal comfort and increase energy efficiency.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/ma13061268\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e5995ffbd8bb5298fb999b7db7ce873f3abf938e\",\n \"result_position\": 5,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 246457319,\n \"title\": \"Potential Valorization of Waste Tires as Activated Carbon-Based Adsorbent for Organic Contaminants Removal\",\n \"venue\": \"Materials\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Kawthar Frikha\",\n \"L. Limousy\",\n \"Joan Pons Claret\",\n \"C. Vaulot\",\n \"Karin Florencio Pérez\",\n \"Beatriz Corzo García\",\n \"S. Bennici\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The present study investigates the potential of waste tires to produce a valuable adsorbent material for application in wastewater treatment. In the first stage, the pyrolysis of ground rubber tire was explored using non-isothermal and isothermal thermogravimetric analysis experiments. The effect of operating parameters, such as heating rate and pyrolysis temperature, on the pyrolysis product yields was considered. The slow pyrolysis of ground rubber tire was taken up in a large-scale fixed-bed reactor for enhanced char recovery. Four pyrolysis temperatures were selected by thermogravimetric data. The product yields were strongly influenced by the pyrolysis temperature; at higher temperatures, the formation of more gases and liquid was favored, while at lower pyrolysis temperatures, more char (solid fraction) was formed. The produced chars were characterized in terms of mineral composition, textural properties, proximate analysis, and structural properties to identify the relationships between the pyrolysis temperature and the char properties. In a second step, a series of activated chars were prepared, starting from the pyrolytic chars via chemical and/or physical activation methods. Then, the activated chars were characterized and tested as adsorbents for atrazine and ibuprofen. Adsorption experiments in aqueous media were carried out in a small-scale batch reactor system. Chemical activation seems appropriate to significantly reduce the inorganic compounds initially present in ground rubber tire and contribute to an important increase in the surface area and porosity of the chars. Adsorption experiments indicated that chemically activated chars exhibit high aqueous adsorption capacity for atrazine.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/ma15031099\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2e013ddcd69a02646a271f1e2da0778c718d9752\",\n \"result_position\": 6,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 8506876,\n \"title\": \"Activation of Aspen Wood with Carbon Dioxide and Phosphoric Acid for Removal of Total Organic Carbon from Oil Sands Produced Water: Increasing the Yield with Bio-Oil Recycling\",\n \"venue\": \"Materials\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Andrei Veksha\",\n \"T. I. Bhuiyan\",\n \"J. Hill\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Several samples of activated carbon were prepared by physical (CO2) and chemical (H3PO4) activation of aspen wood and tested for the adsorption of organic compounds from water generated during the recovery of bitumen using steam assisted gravity drainage. Total organic carbon removal by the carbon samples increased proportionally with total pore volume as determined from N2 adsorption isotherms at −196 °C. The activated carbon produced by CO2 activation had similar removal levels for total organic carbon from the water (up to 70%) to those samples activated with H3PO4, but lower yields, due to losses during pyrolysis and activation. A method to increase the yield when using CO2 activation was proposed and consisted of recycling bio-oil produced from previous runs to the aspen wood feed, followed by either KOH addition (0.48%) or air pretreatment (220 °C for 3 h) before pyrolysis and activation. By recycling the bio-oil, the yield of CO2 activated carbon (after air pretreatment of the mixture) was increased by a factor of 1.3. Due to the higher carbon yield, the corresponding total organic carbon removal, per mass of wood feed, increased by a factor of 1.2 thus improving the overall process efficiency.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/ma9010020\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d98208c45ab2562e2f4592a9084c4f872b954f07\",\n \"result_position\": 7,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 211083454,\n \"title\": \"Carbon dioxide activation of the plane tree seeds derived bio-char: Kinetic properties and application\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"V. Dodevski\",\n \"B. Janković\",\n \"M. Mirković\",\n \"Milan Kragović\",\n \"I. Radovic\",\n \"Filip Veljković\",\n \"M. Stojmenović\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Goal of this work is to establish technical feasibility and fundamentals of \\n producing activated carbon from plane tree seeds (PTS) biomass for porous \\n materials derivation. Bio-chars produced via carbonization from PTS \\n precursor were activated in CO2 at 750 and 850°C, during various residence \\n times. Their surface area and porosity were characterized by N2 adsorption \\n at 77 K. Surface areas of activated carbons can be correlated with kinetics \\n mechanism and activation energy magnitudes of oxidation reaction by CO2, \\n which are closely related to applied activation temperature. Result showed \\n that high temperature activated carbon had higher gas adsorption as compared \\n to activated carbon obtained from lower temperature during two hour \\n residence time. Breakthrough behavior was detected at 850°C where surface \\n reactions dominate, and it is characterized by autocatalytic kinetic model \\n under designed conditions. Both, temperature and CO2 concentration in \\n vicinity of solid surface affect on breakthrough time of adsorbent. Derived \\n bio-chars are converted into high quality activated carbons, with surface \\n area of 776.55 m2 g-1, where micropores with pore diameters less than 2 nm \\n prevail. Produced activated carbons have properties comparable with \\n commercially available activated carbons, which can be successfully used for \\n removal of harmful gaseous pollutants toward air purification. [Projects of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. 172015, \\n Grant no. III45005, Grant no. TR34011, Grant no. TR34013, Grant no. 172018 and Grant no. III45012]\",\n \"doi\": \"10.2298/tsci190913064d\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8e5373910d2cb85e12b832ca70b5e8d69ede8958\",\n \"result_position\": 8,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 100327657,\n \"title\": \"Preparation and characterization of activated carbons from biomass material – giant knotweed (Reynoutria sachalinensis)\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2015,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Hanna Fałtynowicz\",\n \"J. Kaczmarczyk\",\n \"M. Kułażyński\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract Activated carbons from biomass material of giant knotweed Reynoutria sachalinensis (F. Schmidt ex Maxim.) Nakai were obtained. Use of this plant for manufacturing activated carbon has not been studied yet. Therefore, the first activated carbons of giant knotweed origin are described. Both physicochemical (by steam and CO2) and chemical (by KOH) activation methods were applied. Influences of temperature (500, 600, 700 and 800°C), burn-off [10, 25 and 50 wt. % (daf)] and KOH concentration on pores surface area and volume distribution of the obtained activated carbons were explored. Porosity of the elaborated sorbents was determined by benzene and carbon dioxide sorption measurements. Sorbents obtained by steam activation were micro- and mesoporous with surface area and volume of pores increasing with temperature and burn-off to V = 0.351 cm3 g-1 and S = 768 m2 g-1 at 800°C at 50% burn-off. Carbon dioxide activation resulted with notably microporous activated carbons with porous texture parameters also increasing with burn-off to V = 0.286 cm3 g-1 and S = 724 m2 g-1 at 50% burn-off. The highest BET surface area of 2541 m2 g-1 was achieved when chemical (KOH) activation was performed using KOH to char ratio 4:1. Graphical Abstract\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1515/chem-2015-0128\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a1c1e5bd30935806281932dc52c1a52a574f9b52\",\n \"result_position\": 9,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 214336144,\n \"title\": \"Life cycle assessment approach to sustainable sewage sludge management for water pollution control\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Physics: Conference Series\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"N. Mu’azu\",\n \"M. Essa\",\n \"O. Aga\",\n \"N. Jarrah\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Increase in population growth coupled with industrialization, urbanization and requirements for implementation of stricter effluent discharge standards, sludge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) is expected to be produced in a continually increasing amount globally. The management of the huge volume of sludge generation becomes an integral component of environmental sustainability. Therefore, the need for environmentally friendly approach to sludge management strategy couldn’t be overemphasized. This paper proposes a rational and more sustainable approach directed towards devising means to solve the problem of the huge amount of WWTPs sludge by converting it to granular activated carbon (GAC) for utilization in water pollution control via incorporating Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The paper reviews the various approaches and techniques for drying, pyrolysis and activation techniques and the best operating conditions for sludge based activated carbon (SBAC) for optimal pollution control. Based on that, a holistic decision making tool was recommended which incorporates major production, treatment and disposal options for each stage using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach (from-cradle-to-grave), from which wide range of alternative scenarios will be generated vis-à-vis water pollution control efficacy in relation to environmental, cost as well as energy implications.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1088/1742-6596/1349/1/012145\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/830f3469fb339f63eabaa2f3375ee97265ddace1\",\n \"result_position\": 10,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 222318506,\n \"title\": \"Kinetic analysis of CO2 gasification of biochar and anthracite based on integral isoconversional nonlinear method\",\n \"venue\": \"High Temperature Materials and Processes\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Bing Dai\",\n \"J. Qiu\",\n \"Shan Ren\",\n \"B. Su\",\n \"Xiang Ding\",\n \"Dianchun Ju\",\n \"N. Bai\",\n \"H. Long\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract The nonisothermal thermogravimetric analysis was implemented for gasification of sawdust char (SD-char), wheat straw char (WS-char), rice husk char (RH-char), bamboo char (BB-char) and anthracite coal (AC) in the presence of CO2. The dependence of activation energy upon conversion for different biochars and AC was obtained by the integral isoconversional nonlinear (NL-INT) method which is a model-free method. Based on the activation energy values from the NL-INT method, a model-fitting method called random pore model (RPM) was used to estimate the kinetic parameters including the preexponential factor and pore structure parameter from the experimental data. The results are shown that the gasification reactivity of different samples from high to low can be sorted as that of WS-char, SD-char, BB-char, RH-char and AC. In the early stage of gasification, the activation energy values of biochars increase generally with an increase in the conversion degree, whereas the value of AC decreases. Thereafter, the activation energy values remain almost unchanged when the conversion is up to some extent. When the conversion degree varies between about 0.3 and 0.9, these carbon materials can be sorted in the order of average activation energy from low to high as WS-char, SD-char, AC, RH-char and BB-char, respectively, 134.3, 143.8, 168.5, 184.8 and 193.0 kJ/mol. It is shown that a complex multistep mechanism occurs in the initial stage of gasification, while a single-step gasification mechanism exists in the rest of the gasification process. The RPM is suitable for describing the gasification of biomass chars and AC except the initial gasification. Additionally, it is found that the kinetic compensation effect (KCE) still exists in the gasification reactions of biochars and AC. However, the AC deviates markedly from the KCE curve. This may be caused by the similarity of carbonaceous structure of biochars and the difference in reactivity between biochars and AC.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1515/htmp-2020-0086\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/aa2776f974888af8b255a87d203695b4844277b2\",\n \"result_position\": 11,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 5816821,\n \"title\": \"PREPARATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM FOREST AND AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES THROUGH CO 2 ACTIVATION\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2004,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Tengyan Zhang\",\n \"W. Walawender\",\n \"L. Fan\",\n \"Maohong FANb\",\n \"Daren DAUGAARDb\",\n \"R. Brownb\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b86bbad15ca99636e2c5eb64b9bf84be9af71a4d\",\n \"result_position\": 12,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 248027068,\n \"title\": \"Conversion of Waste Corn Biomass to Activated Bio-Char for Applications in Wastewater Treatment\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Materials\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"S. Karami\",\n \"Sadegh Papari\",\n \"F. Berruti\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This study proposes the conversion of waste corn grains contaminated by deoxynivalenol (also known as vomitoxin), a mycotoxin produced by plant pathogens, into a value-added product. Batches of 500 g of contaminated corn grains were pyrolyzed in a batch reactor by thermal treatment at temperatures up to 500°C with a 15°C/min heating rate and generating condensable vapors, gases and solid bio-char. The bio-char produced was subsequently activated in a furnace at 900°C, using CO2 as an activation agent, at different residence times. The effect of activation residence time on the characteristics of the activated bio-char, varying it from 0.5 to 3 h, was investigated. Characterization tests included BET surface area, SEM, TG-FTIR, pH, and XRD on both bio-char and activated bio-char. BET results illustrated a significant increase of the surface area from 63 to 419 m2g−1 and pore volume from 0.04 to 0.23 cm3g−1 by increasing the activation time from 0.5 to 3 h. SEM images visually confirmed a considerable increase in pore development. The pH significantly increased from 6 to 10 after activation, due to the elimination of acidic functional groups. The proximate analysis showed the stable carbon of the activated char reaching approximately 90 wt%, making it promising for catalyst/adsorbent applications. The adsorption performance of activated bio-char was tested by utilizing three different model molecules with different characteristics: methylene blue, methyl orange, and ibuprofen. Among all activated bio-char samples, activated bio-char with 3 h activation time showed the highest adsorption capacity, with a total adsorption (25 mg/g of activated bio-char) of methylene blue after 5 min. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of the activated bio-char was similar to that of valuable commercial activated carbon.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fmats.2022.839421\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/79bdd9726cd94aadb4696be4e8ef796f38122d7f\",\n \"result_position\": 13,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 218932275,\n \"title\": \"Carbon Dioxide Gasification Kinetics of Char from Rapeseed Oil Press Cake\",\n \"venue\": \"Energies\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"L. Nowicki\",\n \"D. Siuta\",\n \"M. Markowski\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Rapeseed oil press cake (RPC) is an abundantly available and renewable agricultural waste material for the production of fuels or chemicals. In this study, the rates of carbon dioxide gasification of rapeseed oil press cake char were measured by thermogravimetric analysis measurements performed at various temperatures (800–900 °C) and CO2 mole fractions (0.10–1.00). The char was obtained by slow pyrolysis, where the dried RPC was decomposed at a temperature range of 1000 °C to obtain char free of impurities that can affect the measurements. The random pore model appeared to be suitable for describing the effect of conversion on the reaction rate. The temperature, CO2, and concentration dependence of the reaction rate were given by the Arrhenius equation and a power law (nth order) correlation. The kinetic parameters based on the experimental data were determined by a two-step estimation procedure. For the experimental conditions employed in this study, the parameters E and n were 222.1 kJ/mol and 0.57, respectively.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/en13092318\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2559c35fde99d192aa90eff994f2239a307ca315\",\n \"result_position\": 14,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 11963402,\n \"title\": \"CO2 Gasification Reactivity of Chars Derived From Zhundong Coal\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yun Liu\",\n \"Y. Guan\",\n \"Kai Zhang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Coal gasification with carbon dioxide is a process for generating clean gaseous fuels and relieving greenhouse effect. Zhundong coal has high alkali and alkali earth metals (AAEMs) content, medium volatile and low ash in nature. Isothermal CO2 gasification of char derived from Zhundong coal (R-char) and char from acid washing R-char (AR-char) are performed in thermo-gravimetric analyzer (TGA). The effect of AAEMs is investigated on the gasification behavior in the range of temperatures 1073 K to 1273 K. The carbon conversion increases rapidly with increasing reaction temperature and CO2 concentration. R-char has high gasification rate and carbon conversion compared with AR-char. The accuracy of the free-model approach for calculating activation energy at different conversions is validated by compared with different kinetic models (volume reaction model, distributed activation energy model). Moreover, R-char gasification with CO2 shows a compensation effect as the Arrhenius parameters (EA and k0) increase or decrease simultaneously.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.20944/PREPRINTS201701.0099.V1\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d0605815fb5359afd2e6fdf647ae14ee2d666a01\",\n \"result_position\": 15,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 210806370,\n \"title\": \"Experimental study on gasification of bituminutesous coal char with CO2 catalysed by Fe (NO3)3\",\n \"venue\": \"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environment\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"X. Suo\",\n \"D. Wang\",\n \"G. Zhang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Effect of transition metal Fe(come from analytically pure Fe(NO3)3·9H2O) on Jin Jie coal char isothermal gasification by carbon dioxide in the condition of normal pressure is investigated in a self-built fixed bed reactor. Experimental results show that the gasification activity of Jin Jie coal char increases with the increment of Fe, and the loading saturation level of Fe is 3%. Adding 3% Fe can reduce the gasification temperature by 90°C, and shorten the coal char gasification time by 95 minutesutes. The higher the gasification temperature, the greater the increase in gasification activity factor K and average gasification rate Rm. The parameter K and Rm reach the maximum at 3% catalyst addition at the same gasification temperature. Under a regime constant by chemical reaction, the reaction activation energy and the pre-exponential factor and reaction rate constant are calculated. The reaction rate constan of char loaded Fe increases around three times, and the activation energy constants with the raw char.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1088/1755-1315/354/1/012023\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/465fcc2de11296bfb24fe30cf6a25a749fdc612f\",\n \"result_position\": 16,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 134457757,\n \"title\": \"Study of the reactivity of Casamance vegetable and agricultural waste char gasification with steam and CO2\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ansoumane Diedhiou\",\n \"L. Ndiaye\",\n \"A. Bensakhria\",\n \"O. Sock\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The increasing energy demand coupled with the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the threat of exhaustion of oil reserves make us consider a possible recourse to the use of biomass waste as a source of renewable energy. Nowadays, gasification is not yet economically and operationally attractive for the power industry and more research is needed to facilitate the process and improve the desirability of the gasification process. Gasification tests were conducted on five wastes char mainly of agro-sylvo-pastoral residues, in order to study the behaviors of char conversion based on experimental data. Peanut shells, palm shells, cashews nut shells, cashew wood and “kaicedrat” wood char obtained by pyrolysis at 450°C are used. The samples were gasified at three different reaction temperatures (950 to 1050°C) in a fixed bed reactor, using steam or CO2 as gasification agent and with average fraction of particle size 630 and 3000 µm. The experimental parameters, which affect the char’s reactivity, are reviewed similarly to those related to the char and its structural features and operation parameters. Gasification kinetic conversion was studied at different models: the volume reaction model (VRM) and shrinking core model (SCM) in order to interpret the char conversion data. Further, the activation energy and pre-exponential factor were determined using the Arrhenius correlation. The experimental results showed that more syngas ((CO + H2)) of high quality were obtained at 1000 to 1050°C during char gasification with steam or CO2. The present results showed that temperature has a positive effect on kinetic char conversion. In addition, the low heating values obtained as a function of temperature depend on the nature of sample. For further investigation, it can be shown that the reaction rate is dependent on the char samples. Thus comparing the five biomasses, particular importance about reactivity and lower heating value (LHV) is attached to cashew nut shells, palm shells and peanut shells. \\n \\n \\n \\n Key words: Kinetic of char conversion, char samples, char-CO2 gasification, char-steam gasification, lower heating value (LHV).\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5897/AJEST2018.2561\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f3eb9a83558fc06cf4082f19f4e4ba7924211fef\",\n \"result_position\": 17,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 259802118,\n \"title\": \"Co-Gasification Performance of Low-Quality Lignite with Woody Wastes Using Greenhouse Gas CO2—A TG–MS Study\",\n \"venue\": \"Sustainability\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"D. Vamvuka\",\n \"George Tsagris\",\n \"Christia Loulashi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The carbon dioxide gasification performance of low-quality lignite-agroindustrial/forest waste blends was investigated in terms of reactivity, conversion, cold gas efficiency, product gas composition and heating value. The experiments were conducted in a fixed bed unit and a thermal analysis mass spectrometer system. Raw materials, chars, liquids and gases were quantitatively analyzed and their energy content was determined. Synergetic effects and the role of minerals were examined, the latter through chemical and fusibility analyses of the ashes. Ahlada lignite (AL) was of low quality, with a calorific value of 8.9 MJ/kg. The biomass materials, ginning cotton waste (GCW) and pine needles (PN) had calorific values 16.6 MJ/kg and 20.1 MJ/kg, respectively. The slagging/fouling propensity of AL ash was low, whereas that of biomass wastes was medium to high. Thermal treatment of the samples and their blends prior to gasification produced upgraded fuels. A Boudourd reaction occurred above 750 °C. Gasification reactivity followed the order: GCW > PN > AL. AL/PN mixtures presented additivity effects; however, AL/GCW mixtures presented synergy effects. When the lignite was blended with the biochars studied, its conversion increased from 90% to 94.5% and its cold gas efficiency from 31.8% to 35%. Generated gas attained a heating value of about 12 MJ/m3.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/su15129818\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2a195acd226cb3c433d74f1186bbf5dc603c65d7\",\n \"result_position\": 18,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 258119827,\n \"title\": \"Kinetics of the CO_2 gasification of woods, torrefied woods, and wood chars. Least squares evaluations by empirical models\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"G. Várhegyi\",\n \"Liang Wang\",\n \"Ø. Skreiberg\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The gasification kinetics of chars forming from biomass materials was studied by kinetic equations of type d X /d t = A f ( X ) exp(− E /( RT )) where X is the conversion of the sample, A is the pre-exponential factor, E is the activation energy and f ( X ) is a suitable model function. The theoretically deduced f ( X ) models in the literature are rarely applicable for chars of biomass origin because of chemical and physical inhomogeneities and irregularities. Hence, empirical f ( X ) functions were determined by a method proposed four years ago (Várhegyi in Energy Fuels 33:2348–2358, 2019). The parameters of the models were obtained by the method of least squares. Thermogravimetric experiments from an earlier work were reevaluated to explore the possibilities of the approaches employed. The experiments belonged to untreated birch and spruce woods; torrefied woods; chars prepared at a higher temperature; and chars formed at high heating rates (ca. 1400 °C min^−1). Common kinetic features were found for the CO_2 gasification of the chars studied. The reliability of the results was carefully tested by evaluating smaller and larger groups of the experiments and comparing the results. The method proved to be suitable for the determination of realistic f ( X ), E , and A from single modulated experiments, too. The models described well the gasification of chars forming from different woods through a wide range of temperature programs and thermal pretreatments.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s10973-023-12151-y\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bfcfc04490129b17f7819ecdb08d0869b28f5c86\",\n \"result_position\": 19,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 131778327,\n \"title\": \"Combined Effect of Pressure and Carbon Dioxide Activation on Porous Structure of Lignite Chars\",\n \"venue\": \"Materials\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"N. Howaniec\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Lignite is an important natural resource with the application potential covering present and future energy systems, including conventional power plants and gasification systems. Lignite is also a valuable precursor for the production of porous materials of tailored properties for various environmental applications, including the removal of contaminants from gaseous or liquid media. Although the lignite-based activated carbons are commercially available, various approaches to produce carbon materials of desired properties are still being reported, covering temperature, partial oxidation and chemical activation effects on surface and structural properties of these materials. Limited data is, however, available on the effects of pressure as the activation parameter in shaping the porous structure of carbonaceous materials, in particularly lignite-derived. In the study presented the combined effect of carbon dioxide activation and pressure in the range of 1–3 MPa at the temperature of 800 °C on the development of porous structure of lignite chars was reported. The study was also focused on poor-quality resources valorization by using a relatively low calorific value, low volatiles and high ash content lignite as a carbon material precursor. The results showed that the application of pressure in carbon dioxide-activation process at 800 °C results in generation of chars of comparable or higher specific surface area than the carbon materials previously received with demineralization and carbon dioxide activation of lignite. They also proved that the combined pressure and carbon dioxide activation may be effectively applied in conversion of low quality lignite into valuable porous materials.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/ma12081326\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8e21f562aa7f1d534df3a39f798c28aa5138e727\",\n \"result_position\": 20,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 54707516,\n \"title\": \"Kinetic study of coals gasification into carbon dioxide atmosphere\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2015,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Korotkikh\",\n \"K. Slyusarskiy\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The solid fuel gasification process was investigated to define chemical reactions rate and activation energy for a gas-generator designing and regime optimizing. An experimental procedure includes coal char samples of Kuznetskiy and Kansko-Achinskiy deposits consequent argon pyrolysis into argon and oxidating into carbon dioxide with different temperatures. The thermogravimetric analysis data of coal char gasification into carbon dioxide was obtained in the temperature range 900–1200 oC. The mass loss and gasification time dependencies from temperature were defined to calculate chemical reaction frequency factor and activation energy. Two coal char gasification physico-mathematical models were proposed and recommendations for them were formed.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1051/MATECCONF/20152301020\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ac0a5b03528c849e060b26cdf40f623f043bc4ad\",\n \"result_position\": 21,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 99831401,\n \"title\": \"Preparation of active carbons from olive wood\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 1985,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. D. D. LÓPez-Gonzlez\",\n \"C. Valenzuela-Calahorro\",\n \"A. Navarrette-Guijosa\",\n \"V. Gómez-Serrano\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Active carbons were prepared by activating carbonized products (obtained by pyrolysis of olive wood in nitrogen at 1073 K) and olive wood itself under a flow of carbon dioxide at 1048 K. The effect on the development of surface area and porosity of such variables as activation time, heating rate, previous carbonization time, and starting material (either carbonized samples or wood) were followed by adsorption of nitrogen at 77 K. Changes of meso- and macroporosity during the activation process were monitored by mercury porosimetry. Surface area (BET values) varies from 469 up to 854 m2.g–1. A development of micro, meso and macroporosity takes place depending on activation time.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1177/026361748500200406\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/75163ce5423c67511f268d10e9c852c55effa151\",\n \"result_position\": 22,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 54942966,\n \"title\": \"Characterization of Activated Carbons Produced from Oleaster Stones\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2011,\n \"authors\": [\n \"H. Sütçü\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Activated carbon has a porous structure surrounded by carbon atoms and therefore is a material with adsorbent capability. The most important parameter that is put into consideration to investigate its chemical characterization is porosity. Pore size determines how adsorption takes place in pores (Marsh & Reinoso, 2006). In accordance with IUPAC, pores are classified into three different sizes. Pores less than 2,0 nm are classified as micropores, those in the range of 2,0-50 nm mesopores and those greater than 50 nm macropores (IUPAC). The selection of raw material for the production of activated carbon is made on the basis of carbon amount, mineral matter and sulfur content, availability, cost, and shelf life (Kroschwitz,1992). Raw material may be of vegetable, animal and mineral origin and the production can be carried out by means of physical and chemical activation depending on the type of raw material. The physical activation method generally involves carbonization and activation stages (Singh, 2001). In the activation stage oxidizing agents are used such as carbondioxide and steam and thus form pores and canals (Jankowska et al., 1991). Chemical activation involves a carbonization stage where a chemical activating agent that is in the form of a solution or dry is blended with the raw material. Chemicals employed in chemical activation (potassium hydroxide, phosphoric acid, zinc chloride etc.) are effective at decomposing the structure of the raw material and forming micropores (Marsh & Reinoso, 2006). The literature has many articles dealing with activated carbons produced from raw material using both the chemical and physical activation methods. Materials frequently used as raw material of vegetable origin include corncobs (Sun et al., 2007; Aworn et al., 2009; Preethi et al., 2006), hazelnuts (Demiral et al., 2008; Soleimani & Kaghazchi, 2007), olives (Yavuz et al., 2010), nuts (Yeganeh et al., 2006; Aygun et al., 2003), peaches (Kim, 2004), loquat stones (Sutcu & Demiral, 2009), wood (Ould-Idriss et al., 2011; Sun & Jiang, 2010) and bamboo (Ip et al., 2008), those of animal origin bones (Moreno-Pirajan et al., 2010) and hide waste (Demiral & Demiral, 2008), and those of mineral origin coal (Alcaniz-Monge et al., 2010; Cuhadaroglu & Uygun, 2008; Liu et al., 2007; Sutcu & Dural, 2007), petroleum coke (Lu et al., 2010) and rubber (Gupta et al., 2011; Nabais et al., 2010). In this study I produced activated carbons from chars obtained through the carbonization of oleaster stones by physical, chemical and chemical+physical activation, and performed their surface characterization.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5772/19061\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/66ad447923b353fee1b323418ff9e5f33261b7b9\",\n \"result_position\": 23,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 250549748,\n \"title\": \"A review of prospects and current scenarios of biomass co-pyrolysis for water treatment\",\n \"venue\": \"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"S. Zuhara\",\n \"H. Mackey\",\n \"T. Al-Ansari\",\n \"G. Mckay\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"With ever-growing population comes an increase in waste and wastewater generated. There is ongoing research to not only reduce the waste but also to increase its value commercially. One method is pyrolysis, a process that converts wastes, at temperatures usually above 300 °C in a pyrolysis unit, to carbon-rich biochars among with other useful products. These chars are known to be beneficial as they can be used for water treatment applications; certain studies also reveal improvements in the biochar quality especially on the surface area and pore volume by imparting thermal and chemical activation methods, which eventually improves the uptake of pollutants during the removal of inorganic and organic contaminants in water. Research based on single waste valorisation into biochar applications for water treatment has been extended and applied to the pyrolysis of two or more feedstocks, termed co-pyrolysis, and its implementation for water treatment. The co-pyrolysis research mainly covers activation, applications, predictive calculations, and modelling studies, including isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic adsorption analyses. This paper focuses on the copyrolysis biochar production studies for activated adsorbents, adsorption mechanisms, pollutant removal capacities, regeneration, and real water treatment studies to understand the implementation of these co-pyrolyzed chars in water treatment applications. Finally, some prospects to identify the future progress and opportunities in this area of research are also described. This review provides a way to manage solid waste in a sustainable manner, while developing materials that can be utilized for water treatment, providing a double target approach to pollution management.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s13399-022-03011-0\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cdb3e8c8b024af597989d4e1826088fcb01d1efa\",\n \"result_position\": 24,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 237939808,\n \"title\": \"The Analysis of Pore Development and Formation of Surface Functional Groups in Bamboo-Based Activated Carbon during CO2 Activation\",\n \"venue\": \"Molecules\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Krittamet Phothong\",\n \"C. Tangsathitkulchai\",\n \"Panuwat Lawtae\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Pore development and the formation of oxygen functional groups were studied for activated carbon prepared from bamboo (Bambusa bambos) using a two-step activation with CO2, as functions of carbonization temperature and activation conditions (time and temperature). Results show that activated carbon produced from bamboo contains mostly micropores in the pore size range of 0.65 to 1.4 nm. All porous properties of activated carbons increased with the increase in the activation temperature over the range from 850 to 950 °C, but decreased in the temperature range of 950 to 1000 °C, due principally to the merging of neighboring pores. The increase in the activation time also increased the porous properties linearly from 60 to 90 min, which then dropped from 90 to 120 min. It was found that the carbonization temperature played an important role in determining the number and distribution of active sites for CO2 gasification during the activation process. Empirical equations were proposed to conveniently predict all important porous properties of the prepared activated carbons in terms of carbonization temperature and activation conditions. Oxygen functional groups formed during the carbonization and activation steps of activated carbon synthesis and their contents were dependent on the preparation conditions employed. Using Boehm’s titration technique, only phenolic and carboxylic groups were detected for the acid functional groups in both the chars and activated carbons in varying amounts. Empirical correlations were also developed to estimate the total contents of the acid and basic groups in activated carbons in terms of the carbonization temperature, activation time and temperature.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/molecules26185641\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/08a37b43a64c6b18be29df1b66b222beb6f4aa5c\",\n \"result_position\": 25,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 95356794,\n \"title\": \"DDGS chars gasification with CO2: a kinetic study using TG analysis\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2011,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Xiangmei Meng\",\n \"W. Jong\",\n \"Ningjie Fu\",\n \"A. Verkooijen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Dry Distiller’s Grains with Solubles (DDGS) is a by-product during ethanol production from cereals which is currently mainly used as feedstock for cattle. With the growth of the ethanol industry, the increasing supply of DDGS may saturate the livestock feed market; thus, its potential applications need to be explored. DDGS gasification in a 100-kWth circulating fluidized bed (CFB) steam-O2 blown gasifier has been studied. However, the modeling of DDGS gasification process encounters difficulties due to the unavailable knowledge of DDGS char gasification kinetics. Therefore, in this paper, gasification kinetics of DDGS char with CO2 was investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Two different types of char samples have been tested. Char type one (PYR-Char) was obtained after DDGS pyrolysis in a TGA at a final temperature of 750°C or 850°C for 20 min. Char type two (CFB-Char) was obtained after DDGS gasification in the 100-kWth CFB gasifier within the temperature range of 790°C to 820°C with a steam/biomass mass ratio of 0.81 and oxygen to biomass stoichiometric ratio of approximately 0.38. The influences of pyrolysis temperature (750°C, 850°C), heating rate (10°C/min, 30°C/min, 50°C/min, 70°C/min), CO2 concentration (10, 20, 30 vol.%), and gasification temperature (900°C, 1,000°C, 1,100°C) on the reaction rate of char-CO2 reaction were determined. Two representative gas–solid reaction models, the volumetric reaction model (VRM) and the shrinking core model (SCM) were applied in order to determine kinetic parameters. It was found that the calculated activation energy (Ea) values using SCM were slightly lower than those using VRM. The calculated Ea values for PYR-Char using both models were in the range of 100–165 kJ/mol, while the calculated Ea values for CFB-Char were in the range of 55–100 kJ/mol. It was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) that CFB-Char was more fragile and PYR-Char obtained at lower heating rate had a less porous structure. Generally, the predicted results using both models showed a fairly good agreement with experimental results, and SCM model suited slightly suitable better for char gasification at high temperature.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/S13399-011-0021-3\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e957d7791c1ccad015c5310f6869845ebee8e0b7\",\n \"result_position\": 26,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 7037077,\n \"title\": \"Adsorption of Natural Aluminium Dye Complex from Silk-Dyeing Effluent Using Eucalyptus Wood Activated Carbon\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2013,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Saowanee Chuyingsakuntip\",\n \"C. Tangsathitkulchai\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Two activated carbons with \\ncontrolled pore size were prepared from Eucalyptus wood by physical activation \\nwith carbon dioxide, giving the BET surface area and pore volume of738 m2/g and0.39 cm3/g, and921 m2/g and0.53 cm3/g for the carbon sample \\nAC1 and AC2, respectively. These activated carbons were then used to remove the \\nresidual dye left after the silk-dyeing process. The dye solution used for \\nadsorption study was a cationic aluminium dye complex of [Al(brazilein)2]+ derived from a \\nmixture of alum and extract of the heartwood of Ceasalpinia sappan Linn., \\nwith initial dye concentration of 220 mg/l. Effects of adsorbent dosage, \\nadsorption time and temperature in the range of 25℃40℃ on dye \\nadsorption were investigated. It was found that the adsorption kinetics of this \\ndye complex was best described by the pseudo-second order model. \\nAdsorption isotherms of this dye complex were well fitted by Langmuir isotherm \\nequation. The adsorption capacities for the uptake of this dye complex \\nat 25℃, 30℃ and 40℃ were 718.7, 1240.4 and 1139.5 mg/g and 1010.5, 1586.1 \\nand 1659.0 mg/g for carbon sample AC1 and AC2, respectively. From these \\nresults, it can be concluded that activated carbon containing a higher \\nproportion of mesopores gave better dye removal efficiency, \\nemphasizing the fact that a proper pore size distribution of carbon adsorbent \\nis crucial for the effecttive removal of relatively large size of the \\ndye molecules. Thermodynamic parameters, including free energy, enthalpy and \\nentropy of adsorption, were also determined. The adsorption enthalpies for \\nthe removal of this dye complex of AC1 and AC2 were 105.3 and 55.6 kJ/mol, \\nrespectively, indicating that the adsorption is an endothermic process. It was \\nfound that the adsorption of this dye complex is spontaneous at the \\ntemperatures under investigation.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.4236/AJAC.2013.48048\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/26bd4e13088547f1f094ee37a33b4dedfde0f48f\",\n \"result_position\": 27,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 95446589,\n \"title\": \"Production of activated carbons from coffee endocarp by CO2 and steam activation\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2008,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Nabais\",\n \"P. Nunes\",\n \"P. Carrott\",\n \"M. Carrott\",\n \"A. Garcia\",\n \"M. A. Díaz-Díez\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/J.FUPROC.2007.11.030\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/536b19c3ea132cb7197bd51bcfe24c4c2ab3c8a5\",\n \"result_position\": 28,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 210706003,\n \"title\": \"Application of Experimental Design to Hydrogen Storage: Optimisation of Lignin-Derived Carbons\",\n \"venue\": \"C — Journal of Carbon Research\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jemma L. Rowlandson\",\n \"James Coombs OBrien\",\n \"K. Edler\",\n \"M. Tian\",\n \"V. Ting\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Lignin is a significant by-product of the paper pulping and biofuel industries. Upgrading lignin to a high-value product is essential for the economic viability of biorefineries for bioethanol production and environmentally benign pulping processes. In this work, the feasibility of lignin-derived activated carbons for hydrogen storage was studied using a Design of Experiments methodology, for a time and cost-efficient exploration of the synthesis process. Four factors (carbonisation temperature, activation temperature, carbonisation time, and activation time) were investigated simultaneously. Development of a mathematical model allowed the factors with the greatest impact to be identified using regression analysis for three responses: surface area, average pore size, and hydrogen uptake at 77 K and 1 bar. Maximising the surface area required activation conditions using the highest settings, however, a low carbonisation temperature was also revealed to be integral to prevent detrimental and excessive pore widening. A small pore size, vital for efficient hydrogen uptake, could be achieved by using low carbonisation temperature but also low activation temperatures. An optimum was achieved using the lowest carbonisation conditions (350 °C for 30 min) to retain a smaller pore size, followed by activation under the severest conditions (1000 °C for 60 min) to maximise surface area and hydrogen uptake. These conditions yielded a material with a high surface area of 1400 m2 g−1 and hydrogen uptake of 1.9 wt.% at 77 K and 1 bar.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/c5040082\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a5c50397d3ce06e9b67c8a170ee6074684fce180\",\n \"result_position\": 29,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 103712341,\n \"title\": \"Impacts of CO 2 on char structure and the gasification reactivity\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Shenghua Zhu\",\n \"Yonghui Bai\",\n \"K. Luo\",\n \"Chenghao Hao\",\n \"W. Bao\",\n \"Fan Li\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/J.JAAP.2017.11.005\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2342f8584076d66f073a8a2cd836ada01b1862cf\",\n \"result_position\": 30,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 95095491,\n \"title\": \"Influence of carbonization conditions on the gasification of acacia and eucalyptus wood chars by carbon dioxide\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 1994,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Mithilesh Kumar\",\n \"R. Gupta\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/0016-2361(94)90223-2\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f72a219403cc08a40da4ae846330d908b8ff3c87\",\n \"result_position\": 31,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 42880759,\n \"title\": \"Kinetics investigation on the reduction of NO using straw char based on physicochemical characterization.\",\n \"venue\": \"Bioresource Technology\",\n \"year\": 2011,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Xuebin Wang\",\n \"Jipeng Si\",\n \"H. Tan\",\n \"Qinxin Zhao\",\n \"T. Xu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.biortech.2011.05.038\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9b94fc0b516f90691f8d49c5295f57a4a834913d\",\n \"result_position\": 32,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 98691774,\n \"title\": \"Production of special activated carbon from lignite for environmental purposes\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2002,\n \"authors\": [\n \"G. Skodras\",\n \"T. Orfanoudaki\",\n \"E. Kakaras\",\n \"G. Sakellaropoulos\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/S0378-3820(02)00062-0\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e8bc10164f7998864bd0006be3c11d67f5d86c37\",\n \"result_position\": 33,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 55127732,\n \"title\": \"Waste biomass as sources for activated carbon production-A review\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2013,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Islam\",\n \"M. Rouf\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"A review of the production of activated carbons from waste biomass has been presented. The effects of various process parameters on the pyrolysis stage have been reviewed. Influences of activating conditions, physical and chemical, on the active carbon properties have been discussed. Under certain process conditions several active carbons with BET surface areas, ranging between 250 and 2410 m 2 /g and pore volumes of 0.022 and 91.4 cm 3 /g, have been produced. A comparison in characteristics and uses of activated carbons from waste biomass with those of commercial carbons has been made. Waste biomass being highly efficient, low cost and renewable sources of activated carbon production. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(4) , 347-364, 2012 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i4.14064\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3329/BJSIR.V47I4.14064\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cc62bed1f4c450a10ea14b7b9e88abf92159254b\",\n \"result_position\": 34,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 226337845,\n \"title\": \"Thermal Activation of Digested Sewage Sludges for Carbon Dioxide Removal from Biogas\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Mirko Tinnirello\",\n \"D. Papurello\",\n \"M. Santarelli\",\n \"S. Fiorilli\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Anaerobically digested sewage sludges were used as feedstock in the production of activated carbons through physical activation. These char samples were experimentally tested as adsorbents for the removal of CO2 from a simulated biogas mixture. The CO2 concentration level allowed in biomethane was fixed from the European Standards EN 16723-1 and EN 16723-2. The char yield and the subsequent adsorption capacity values were studied, considering the operating parameters of the process. A physical activation process was considered with the following parameters: the temperature, the dwell time, the activating agent, the heating rate, the flow rate, and the method. Among the adsorption tests, the activating temperature and the agent employed affected the CO2 removal. The maximum adsorption capacity was achieved with nitrogen as an activating agent at 600 °C, with 2 h of dwell time (102.5 mg/g).\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/fuels1010004\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7a1cbe081c10e4b9c4da932761f9413c7adbbce5\",\n \"result_position\": 35,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 271136508,\n \"title\": \"Pyrolysis of wheat straw pellets in a pilot‐scale reactor: Effect of temperature and residence time\",\n \"venue\": \"Energy Science & Engineering\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Bidhan Nath\",\n \"Guangnan Chen\",\n \"Les Bowtell\",\n \"T. Nguyen-Huy\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Pyrolysis of two types of pellets (T1: 100% wheat straw, and T2: 70% wheat straw; 10% sawdust, 10% biochar, and 10% bentonite clay) was performed in a pilot‐scale reactor under a nitrogen environment at 20°C to 700°C. This was to investigate slow pyrolysis yields and gas composition as a function of temperature and residence time. The experimental data were obtained between 300°C and 600°C, with a residence time of 90 min, a nitrogen flow rate of 50 cm3/min, and a heating rate of 20°C/min. The results indicated that the maximum pyrolysis temperature is 605°C with a residence time of 55 min. The product analysis showed that the proportion of gas was higher than that of biochar and bio‐oil. The conversion efficiency increased with higher temperatures and varied between 66% and 76%. The results showed that carbon dioxide was the main component in the produced gas, and the maximum gas concentration was 63.6% at 300°C for T1. The higher temperature and longer residence time increased the syngas (CO + H2) composition for both T1 and T2 treatments. Nevertheless, the produced biochar had a high carbon content and retained a high calorific value, indicating slow pyrolysis is the ideal utilization route of wheat straw pellet biomass for biochar.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1002/ese3.1833\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c7b72040b7e1c62dacdc0c89d6db8ecf855f473a\",\n \"result_position\": 36,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 98697890,\n \"title\": \"Kinetic Study of NO Reduction over Biomass Char under Dynamic Conditions\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2003,\n \"authors\": [\n \"E. Garijo\",\n \"A. Jensen\",\n \"P. Glarborg\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1021/EF020276N\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fdd883a83fad2ab93c60a869b183650d62d2a407\",\n \"result_position\": 37,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 94687951,\n \"title\": \"Activated Carbon from Waste Biomass\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2011,\n \"authors\": [\n \"E. Schröder\",\n \"K. Thomauske\",\n \"B. Oechsler\",\n \"S. Herberger\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"As a result of environmental requirements in many countries and new areas of application the demand on activated carbon is still growing. Due to the unavailability of the main basic materials like hard coal, wood or coconut shells in many countries other biomass matters were tested for their appropriateness of activated carbon production. The objective of this experimental work is the conversion of waste biomass into activated carbon. Waste biomass like straw matters, olive stones, nut shells, coffee grounds and spent grain is converted thermally in two steps. First the biomass undergoes a pyrolysis process at 500°C–600°C in nitrogen atmosphere. The gaseous and liquid pyrolysis products can be used energetically either for heating the facilities or for electricity production. Second, the solid residue, the char, is treated in an activation process at 800°C–1000°C in steam atmosphere in order to enhance the char surface area which was analyzed by standard BET method. The increase of surface area depends on the type of biomass and on the activation parameters. The production methods were investigated in lab-scale facilities whereas a pilot scale reactor was designed for the transformation of the discontinuous activation process to a continuous production process. The use of agricultural by-products for activated carbon production as well as the influence of ash content, pyrolysis and activation conditions on the activated carbon quality is investigated by many authors. The high ash content of rice straw makes it difficult to achieve a sufficiently high surface area (Ahmedna et al., 2000). The influence of a one step and a two step thermal treatment of rice straw in CO2 atmosphere is discussed in (Yun et al., 2001). The two step treatment leads to higher surface areas than the one step treatment which correspond to the own results. Higher temperatures of physical activation in CO2 atmosphere leads to pore widening which causes an increase of mesopores. Physical activation by the use of an oxidizing gas like steam or CO2 results in carbons with low surface area whereas chemical activation enhances the carbon surface area (Ahmedna et al., 2000). Chemical activation of rice husks and rice straw is investigated in (Guo et al., 2002; Oh & Park, 2002). The impregnation of rice precursors with KOH or NaOH enhances the surface area. In addition the activation temperature can be lowered. Washing rice straw with alkaline solutions like NaOH allows to reduce the ash content as shown in Table 1 and (Huang et al., 2001). Carbonisation and activation of pretreated rice straw leads to higher surface areas than of non-treated straw\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5772/20594\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/09424d4a53be4df4a0d9f6597b3726361af8b5ef\",\n \"result_position\": 38,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 237851745,\n \"title\": \"A Review on Preparation and Characterization of Activated Bio-Char\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"D. Azad\",\n \"R. Pateriya\",\n \"R. Sharma\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Activated charcoal (AC) is a carbonaceous material with high surface area due to high degree of micro-porosity which makes it a very versatile adsorbent for utilization in industrial, medicinal, environmental and other fields. Ligno-cellulosic biomass (eg. pine needles, paddy stubbles, other waste agricultural residue) can be a prominent raw material for activated bio-char due to its abundance, slow decomposition (which lead to fire/ air pollution). The main factors which affect the AC characteristics (surface area, micropore volume, mesopore volume) are biomass properties, impregnation ratio, impregnation time, activation temperature and activation time. The specific surface area, micropore, mesopore decreases after optimum value with continually increase in impregnation ratio and impregnation time. The activation temperature and impregnation ratio also affect the AC yield significantly. Sorption capacity get affected by adsorbent doses, contact time, agitation speed, adsorption temperature due to availability of active binding sites, adsorptive forces/ bonds.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.9734/ijecc/2021/v11i430398\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7eaa39cc9a2fee456010a4b35c6d0f658633bc1a\",\n \"result_position\": 39,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 103521271,\n \"title\": \"Studies on biomass char gasification and dynamics\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Zhanping You\",\n \"S. You\",\n \"Xiaoyan Ma\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The gasification performances of two kinds of biomass char by experiment methods are studied, including conversion rate and gasification gas component with temperature and time. Experimental results show that gasification temperature has important effects on the conversion rate and gas component. In the range of experimental temperature, char conversion rates are no more than 30.0%. The apparent activation energies and apparent reaction frequency factors of two biomass chars are obtained through kinetic studies.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1088/1755-1315/108/5/052032\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d65d8a79ce40c0ac22dbdac71e6d1c343ee48374\",\n \"result_position\": 40,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 254711913,\n \"title\": \"PREPARATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM TIRE DERIVED PYROLYTIC CHAR FOR ADSORPTION OF TETRACYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDE\",\n \"venue\": \"ASEAN Engineering Journal\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Khulanuttha Chana\",\n \"Sasit Soisuwan\",\n \"Sarawut Sinpichai\",\n \"Bing‐Hung Chen\",\n \"Duangkamol Na-Ranong\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Effects of activation variables on performance of the obtained activated carbon (AC) were investigated for removal of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH). Pyrolytic char derived from waste tire was chemically activated via two-step of KOH impregnation following by thermal treatment. According to regression analysis and fitting with second-degree polynomial equation, empirical models were developed to correlate performance of AC in TCH adsorption (percentage removal and adsorption capacity at equilibrium) with three activation variables: impregnation ratio (IR), activation temperature (T) and holding time of thermal treatment (t). The analysis of variance indicated that only T, T2 and IR2 were significant to the prediction of both percentage removal and adsorption capacity. According to the developed models, it is suggested that the pyrolytic char should be activated at IR = 6, T = 750 °C and t = 2 h to obtain the highest efficiency of TCH removal in the tested range of activation condition.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.11113/aej.v12.18437\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3bb238212bab6f2e0eaa39256ef1591dea2317cf\",\n \"result_position\": 41,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 267998884,\n \"title\": \"Recycling PVC Waste into CO2 Adsorbents: Optimizing Pyrolysis Valorization with Neuro-Fuzzy Models\",\n \"venue\": \"Processes\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"E. Jiménez-García\",\n \"Salvador Pérez‐Huertas\",\n \"A. Pérez\",\n \"M. Calero\",\n \"G. Blázquez\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Nowadays, the environmental challenges associated with plastics are becoming increasingly prominent, making the exploitation of alternatives to landfill disposal a pressing concern. Particularly, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), characterized by its high chlorine content, poses a major environmental risk during degradation. Furthermore, PVC recycling and recovery present considerable challenges. This study aims to optimize the PVC pyrolysis valorization process to produce effective adsorbents for removing contaminants from gaseous effluents, especially CO2. For this purpose, PVC waste was pyrolyzed under varied conditions, and the resulting solid fraction was subjected to a series of chemical and physical activations by means of hydroxides (NaOH and KOH) and nitrogen. Characterization of the PVC-based activated carbons was carried out using surface morphology (SEM), N2 adsorption/desorption, elemental analysis, and FTIR, and their capacity to capture CO2 was assessed. Finally, neuro-fuzzy models were developed for the optimization of the valorization technique. The resulting activated carbons exhibited excellent CO2 adsorption capabilities, particularly those activated with KOH. Optimal activation conditions include activations at 840 °C with NaOH at a ratio of 0.66 and at 760 °C using either NaOH or KOH with ratios below 0.4. Activations under these experimental conditions resulted in a significant increase in the adsorption capacity, of up to 25%, in the resulting samples.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/pr12030431\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9ce55b1084458a236ad2d50d3718e0289ec375a3\",\n \"result_position\": 42,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 247298496,\n \"title\": \"Pyrolysis of Biomass Wastes into Carbon Materials\",\n \"venue\": \"Energies\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Małgorzata Sieradzka\",\n \"C. Kirczuk\",\n \"I. Kalemba-Rec\",\n \"Agata Mlonka-Mędrala\",\n \"A. Magdziarz\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This study presents the results of the biomass pyrolysis process focusing on biochar production and its potential energetic (as solid fuel) and material (as adsorbent) applications. Three kinds of biomass waste were investigated: wheat straw, spent coffee grounds, and brewery grains. The pyrolysis process was carried out under nitrogen atmosphere at 400 and 500 °C (residence time of 20 min). A significant increase in the carbon content was observed in the biochars, e.g., from 45% to 73% (at 400 °C) and 77% (at 500 °C) for spent coffee grounds. In addition, the structure and morphology were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Thermal properties were studied using a simultaneous thermal analysis under an oxidising atmosphere. The chemical activation was completed using KOH. The sorption properties of the obtained biochars were tested using chromium ion (Cr3+) adsorption from liquid solution. The specific surface area and average pore diameter of each sample were determined using the BET method. Finally, it was found that selected biochars can be applied as adsorbent or a fuel. In detail, brewery grains-activated carbon had the highest surface area, wheat straw-activated carbon adsorbed the highest amount of Cr3+, and wheat straw chars presented the best combustion properties.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/en15051941\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/01e45384b2dafbcde6e15f944415e8b09aa3dc1e\",\n \"result_position\": 43,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 236945591,\n \"title\": \"Computer Analysis of the Porous Structure of Activated Carbons Derived from Various Biomass Materials by Chemical Activation\",\n \"venue\": \"Materials\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Kwiatkowski\",\n \"E. Broniek\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In this study, the preparation of activated carbons from various materials of biomass origin by activation with potassium hydroxide and a comprehensive computer analysis of their porous structure and adsorption properties based on benzene (C6H6) adsorption isotherms were carried out. In particular, the influence of the mass ratio of the activator’s dry mass to the char mass on the formation of the microporous structure of the obtained activated carbons was analysed. The summary of the analyses carried out based on benzene adsorption isotherms begged the conclusion that activated carbon with a maximum adsorption volume in the first adsorbed layer and homogeneous surface can be obtained from ebony wood at a mass ratio of the activator to the char of R = 3. The obtained results confirmed the superiority of the new numerical-clustering-based adsorption analysis (LBET) method over simple methods of porous structure analysis, such as the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and Dubinin–Raduskevich (DR) methods. The LBET method is particularly useful in the evaluation of the influence of the methods and conditions of production of activated carbons on the formation of their porous structure. This method, together with an appropriate economic analysis, can help in the precise selection of methods and conditions for the process of obtaining activated carbons at specific manufacturing costs, and thus makes it possible to obtain materials that can successfully compete with those of other technologies used in industrial practice and everyday life.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/ma14154121\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6c3c3ea44c0e56423aae29bc13802c879b2cb087\",\n \"result_position\": 44,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 119094131,\n \"title\": \"Impact of Char Properties and Reaction Parameters on Naphthalene Conversion in a Macro-TGA Fixed Char Bed Reactor\",\n \"venue\": \"Catalysts\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ziad Abu El-Rub\",\n \"E. Bramer\",\n \"Samer I. Al-Gharabli\",\n \"G. Brem\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Catalytic tar removal is one of the main challenges restricting the successful commercialization of biomass gasification. Hot gas cleaning using a heterogeneous catalyst is one of the methods used to remove tar. In order to economically remove tar, an efficient low-cost catalyst should be applied. Biomass char has the potential to be such a catalyst. In this work, the reactor parameters that affect the conversion of a model tar component “naphthalene” were investigated employing an in situ thermogravimetric analysis of a fixed bed of biomass char. The following reactor and catalyst parameters were investigated: bed temperature (750 to 900 °C), gas residence time in the char bed (0.4 to 2.4 s), char particle size (500 to 1700 μm), feed naphthalene concentration, feed gas composition (CO, CO2, H2O, H2, CH4, naphthalene, and N2), char properties, and char precursor. It was found that the biomass char has a high activity for naphthalene conversion. However, the catalytic performance of the biomass char was affected by the gasification reactions that consumed its carbon, and the coke deposition that reduced its activity. Furthermore, high ash and iron contents enhanced char activity. The results of this work will be used in the design of a process that uses biomass char as an auto-generated catalyst in the gasification process.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/CATAL9040307\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/03dc728f10b3fca967d616cf3b3dc0cfbfe93e11\",\n \"result_position\": 45,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 258400344,\n \"title\": \"Use of By-Products from Gasification and Carbonization from Polymeric Residues and Biomass for Application in Liquid Phase Adsorption\",\n \"venue\": \"Environments\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Assis\",\n \"R. Panizio\",\n \"L. Calado\",\n \"P. Brito\",\n \"P. Mourão\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The search for strategies that contribute to circular economy, based on the valorization of by-products of the most diverse industries and processes, is one of the main environmental objectives at present. This study aims to evaluate the possibility of valorizing by-products from the gasification and carbonization of polymeric residues and biomass of natural origin through their application in adsorption processes. The selected residues and carbon by-products resulting from thermochemical conversion by the gasification and carbonization processes, after their physical and chemical characterization, presented improved structural and chemical properties which allow their application in adsorption processes. The characterization of the materials and samples prepared in this work involved a variety of analytical techniques, such as thermogravimetric analysis, polarized attenuated Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, ultimate analysis, and nitrogen adsorption at 77 K. It was possible to observe that the material has between 40% and 50% volatile matter, and when carbonized, these values decrease to the range of 5% and 10%. The BET surface area analysis of these chars shows values between 100 and 400 m2g−1. For the chemically activated samples and for the phenol molecule, the samples with the best results are those that were prepared using olive prunings as a precursor. For the physically activated samples and also for phenol adsorption, the samples that showed the most potential were the ones prepared via air activation. Regarding the gasified samples, the best results were achieved with the samples without the incorporation of waste-derived fuel.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/environments10050074\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f12d763293678bcb9061064c15d1b16fade96e80\",\n \"result_position\": 46,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 221883354,\n \"title\": \"The effects of activation conditions on physical properties of activated carbon\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yan Luo\",\n \"Kang Wang\",\n \"Ling Fei\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Porous carbons with a high porosity were successfully produced from fast pyrolysis pine wood char via a thermochemical method in which KOH was used as chemical activator. The effects of various weight ratios of KOH to pyrolysis char (0.65:1, 0.7:1, 1.0:1, 1.35:1, and 1.7:1) on the physical properties of activated carbons were investigated. When the weight ratio of KOH to pyrolysis char was 1.35:1, the prepared activated carbon had the highest surface area of 1140 m2/g with a total pore volume of 0.71 cm3/g, a microporous surface area of 957 m2/g, and a microporous specific volume of 0.51 cm3/g. As the weight ratio of KOH to pyrolysis char increased from 0.65 to 1.35, the prepared activated carbon had increases in total surface area, total pore volume, microporous surface area, and specific volume of micropores. However, there was a reverse trend when the weight ratio of KOH to pyrolysis char was higher than 1.35. The use of nitrogen as a flow gas resulted in much more developed activated carbon than without nitrogen. The experiment results suggested that activated carbon with high surface area could be prepared from pyrolysis char by adjusting the activation conditions.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.15376/biores.15.4.7640-7647\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0f93f289b5e8677a13d92168dcc42c8bbcfd2e54\",\n \"result_position\": 47,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 248936677,\n \"title\": \"Influence of preparation conditions on the physical structure and surface properties of enteromorpha clathrate bio-char\",\n \"venue\": \"MATEC Web of Conferences\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"L. Liu\",\n \"Yali Zheng\",\n \"Peng Gong\",\n \"Guangcai Shao\",\n \"Xu Huang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Bio-char with rich pore structure was obtained by pyrolysis of enteromorpha clathrate (EC) and subsequent activation process. The effect of pyrolysis methods, KOH concentrations used in activation and heating rate was studied. A new method that combined pyrolysis and activation into one step was proposed. The bio-char obtained via slow pyrolysis at 450°C and 700°C had a certain pore structure. The bio-char obtained via fast pyrolysis had almost no effective pore structure and a large amount of organic matters still exist in the bio-char, while it had the largest specific surface area after activation by KOH at 800°C. Therefore, bio-char that is a kind of by-product in the process of making bio-oil by fast pyrolysis of EC is worthy of further exploration. As the KOH concentration of the impregnated solution increased, the specific surface area first increased and then decreased. The bio-char obtained via impregnation and activation with 3 mol/L KOH had the highest specific surface area (1128.85 m2/g) and pore volume (0.789 cm3/g). If the processes of pyrolysis and activation were combined into one step via mixing KOH and EC, the structure of cell tissue in the EC was reserved. The sample that prepared by mixing 2 g dried EC with 0.1 g KOH powder has the highest specific surface area (724.66 m2/g) and better pore structure. The best heating rate was 5°C/min for impregnation method and 2°C/min for one step method.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1051/matecconf/202235801032\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ce07cd3b22a162fb0cbf33e0c2ee811699a4f1b3\",\n \"result_position\": 48,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 240091111,\n \"title\": \"Comparison of Structure and Magnetic Properties of Ni/C Composites Synthesized from Wheat Straw by Different Methods\",\n \"venue\": \"Applied Sciences\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"I. Bordun\",\n \"K. Chwastek\",\n \"D. Całus\",\n \"P. Chabecki\",\n \"F. Ivashchyshyn\",\n \"Z. Kohut\",\n \"Anatoliy Borysiuk\",\n \"Yuriy Kulyk\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Synthesis of Ni/C nanostructured composites based on a natural raw material, i.e., wheat straw, is carried out in this work. The synthesis is performed by one- and two-stage methods using NiCl2 as the activating agent. The X-ray diffraction and EDS analyses reveal the presence of metallic nickel in the structure of the composites, whereas magnetic measurements showed that nickel was contained in the porous carbon matrix in the nanoparticle state. For nanocomposites synthesized by the one-stage method, the largest contribution to the formation of the porous structure might be attributed to pores with radii from 5 to 30 nm; for a nanocomposite synthesized in two stages, the pore distribution function exhibits a narrow isolated peak with a maximum of around 2.6 nm. Based on the obtained magnetic data, the coercive force, specific saturation magnetization and nickel content in nanocomposites are calculated. For the measured values of the coercive force, the average size of magnetic moment carriers is determined to be ~100 nm for the two-stage synthesis nanocomposite and ~100 ÷ 110 nm for the one-stage synthesis nanocomposites. The developed Ni/C nanocomposites might be used as a cheap material for energy storage applications or as magnetically controlled adsorbents.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/app112110031\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a2646ad82edf46b6e899805c85b2c7203d671933\",\n \"result_position\": 49,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 251114322,\n \"title\": \"Possibility of Producing Activated Carbon from Mango Tress Wastes Using Physical Activation\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"R. El-bessoumy\",\n \"E. Salem\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Biomass is widely recognized as a sustainable resource for producing activated carbon for environmental applications and energy. However, the main disadvantage remains the production of activated carbon from biomass with a large surface area that can be effectively used for ecological treatment. The present study shows the effect of different activation methods to produce activated carbon from mango trees’ wood residues. Pre-treatments for mango tree wood residues were done with carbonization at 400 ᵒC for 30 min. The produced was impregnated in KOH solution (1:1 ratio) for chemical activation. Afterward, the char created was dried at 105 ᵒC for 60 minutes in the oven. Four different diameters of 3, 4, 5, and 6 mm of produced char were achieved. Samples of 100 g from char were activated at four different temperature levels of 300, 350, 400 and 450 ᵒC for activation times of (15, 20, 25 and 30 min), respectively. The gage pressure of the atmosphere was recorded in the activation process at a constant nitrogen flow rate of 50cm³/min. The results showed an effect on the surface area of produced activated carbon. The best surface area for produced activated carbon was 1199.8m²/g at maximum methylene blue absorption of 528.9 mg/g, the temperature of 400 ᵒC, activation time of 30 min and under atmospheric pressure for the specimens of 3 mm in diameter.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.21608/jssae.2022.146305.1085\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/31f550011080cb21a5a8c54d27473ec2a0c852c8\",\n \"result_position\": 50,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 125402749,\n \"title\": \"Kinetic study of the pyrolysis and gasification of rosa multiflora and miscanthus giganteus biomasses via thermogravimetric analysis\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"O. Tursunov\",\n \"J. Dobrowolski\",\n \"Katarzyna Zubek\",\n \"G. Czerski\",\n \"P. Grzywacz\",\n \"F. Dubert\",\n \"B. Lapczynska-Kordon\",\n \"K. Klima\",\n \"B. Handke\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The thermal behaviour of the Rosa mutiflora (3groups: control; irradiated 3times/3sec and 3times/9sec by low power laser of wavelength 672 nm) and Miscanthus giganteus (3 groups: R, V and Z) biomass by thermogravimetric analysis was studied at heating rate 3 K/min -1 from ambient temperature to 950 o C. TGA tests were performed in high purity carbon dioxide (99.998%) with a flow rate 200 ml/min and 100 mg of sample, milled and sieved to a particle size below 250 μm. In contrast to the majority of the conducted examinations, which are carried out with the use of chars, the measurements were conducted for raw biomass. The kinetics parameters of the biomass conversion process were determined from the experimental data by integral methods (Murray and White; Senum and Yang). The methods used have allowed distinguishing and analyzing the different stages of the process, i.e. the primary and secondary pyrolysis as well as gasification. Both methods gave comparable results. The activation energy determined using more accurate Senum and Yang method ranged from 85 to 88 kJ/mol (primary pyrolysis), from 29 to 32 kJ/mol (secondary pyrolysis) and from 173 to 190 kJ/mol (gasification) for Rosa multiflora biomass and from 86 to 111 kJ/mol (primary pyrolysis), from 22 to 25 kJ/mol (secondary pyrolysis) and from 181 to 217 kJ/mol (gasification) for Miscanthus giganteus .The pre-exponential factor was in the range of 5.95×10 6 to 13.05×10 6 min -1 (primary pyrolysis), 2.25 to 4.22 min -1 (secondary pyrolysis) and 13.96×10 6 to 1.18×10 8 min -1\",\n \"doi\": \"10.2298/TSCI160524130T\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2f33ce35a8f7ce62a8052ebdb04ad3a1eb1a196d\",\n \"result_position\": 51,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 53612422,\n \"title\": \"Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from bio-diesel by-products (Jatropha seedcake) by steam activation.\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2012,\n \"authors\": [\n \"MS Islam\",\n \"MA Rouf\",\n \"S. Fujimoto\",\n \"T. Minowa\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Activated carbon was prepared using bio-diesel waste ( Jatropha seedcake ) by conventional carbonization followed by steam activation process on a laboratory scale. Preliminary tests were conducted to investigate the influences of different operating parameters, such as initial material size, pyrolysis temperature and hold time on the properties of pyrolized chars. To determine the optimum conditions for producing activated carbon, the effect of activation temperature and activation time have been studied. The maximum BET surface area of 613.43 m 2 /g and highest methylene blue adsorption capacity of 8.27 mg/g was obtained at a pyrolysis temperature of 600°C for hold time 1.5 hr followed by steam activation at a temperature of 800°C for a hold time of 1 hr. The produced activated carbon was almost like ash at 900°C. FT-IR and TG/DTA have been done in order to understand the structural changes during the process. The waste material was a suitable raw material for the production of good quality activated carbon. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i3.13056 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(3) , 257-264, 2012\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3329/BJSIR.V47I3.13056\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/27be8633f0e60c12d0fc7d855f389a7c29afeeac\",\n \"result_position\": 52,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 135962275,\n \"title\": \"Characterization of Activated Carbon from Wood Sawdust Prepared via Chemical Activation Using Potassium Hydroxide\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2013,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Borhan\",\n \"M. Taha\",\n \"A.A Hamzah\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.832.132\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7890d3764d063ecf395078ec3f68b2946661c30d\",\n \"result_position\": 53,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 260939025,\n \"title\": \"Experimental Study and Thermodynamic Analysis of Carbon Dioxide Adsorption onto Activated Carbons Prepared from Biowaste Raw Materials\",\n \"venue\": \"Gases\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"O. V. Solovtsova\",\n \"I. Men’shchikov\",\n \"A. Shkolin\",\n \"A. Grinchenko\",\n \"E. Khozina\",\n \"A. Fomkin\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Nutshells are regarded as cost-effective and abundant raw materials for producing activated carbons (ACs) for CO2 capture, storage, and utilization. The effects of carbonization temperature and thermochemical KOH activation conditions on the porous structure as a BET surface, micropore volume, micropore width, and pore size distribution of ACs prepared from walnut (WNS) and hazelnut (HNS) shells were investigated. As a result, one-step carbonization at 900/800 °C and thermochemical KOH activation with a char/KOH mass ratio of 1:2/1:3 were found to be optimal for preparing ACs from WNS/HNS: WNS-AC-3 and HNS-AC-2, respectively. The textural properties of the WNS/HNS chars and ACs were characterized by low-temperature nitrogen vapor adsorption, XRD, and SEM methods. Dubinin’s theory of volume filling of micropores was used to evaluate the microporosity parameters and to calculate the CO2 adsorption equilibrium over the sub- and supercritical temperatures from 216.4 to 393 K at a pressure up to 10 MPa. The CO2 capture capacities of WNS- and HNS-derived adsorbents reached 5.9/4.1 and 5.4/3.9 mmol/g at 273/293 K under 0.1 MPa pressure, respectively. A discrepancy between the total and delivery volumetric adsorption capacities of the adsorbents was attributed to the strong binding of CO2 molecules with the adsorption sites, which were mainly narrow micropores with a high adsorption potential. The high initial differential heats of CO2 adsorption onto ACs of ~32 kJ/mol confirmed this proposal. The behaviors of thermodynamic functions (enthalpy and entropy) of the adsorption systems were attributed to changes in the state of adsorbed CO2 molecules determined by a balance between attractive and repulsive CO2–CO2 and CO2–AC interactions during the adsorption process. Thus, the chosen route for preparing ACs from the nutshells made it possible to prepare efficient carbon adsorbents with a relatively high CO2 adsorption performance due to a substantial volume of micropores with a size in the range of 0.6–0.7 nm.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/gases3030008\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ed0aa87a3abd9658ba9515f24ef4aacec0110f41\",\n \"result_position\": 54,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 232120945,\n \"title\": \"Wooden Activated Carbon Production for Dioxin Removal via a Two-Step Process of Carbonization Coupled with Steam Activation from Biomass Wastes\",\n \"venue\": \"ACS Omega\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"XiaoNa Wei\",\n \"Tingting Li\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"A two-step process of carbonization coupled with steam activation was proposed for wooden activated carbon production from four kinds of biomass waste materials. The TG-FTIR results show that the carbonization process started at around 250 °C and finished at 500 °C for the coconut shell, pinewood, and plywood. The carbonization temperature of corn straw was lower than those of the other three samples, which was attributed to the higher concentration of ash content. FTIR results for the volatile compounds during carbonization show that CH4, CO, CO2, and hydrocarbons are the main detected gaseous species. The CH4 and CmHn yields of pinewood and plywood are higher than those of the coconut shell and corn straw. The carbonization results on the tubular furnace reactor show that furfural and phenol and its derivatives are the main tar compounds in waste carbonization. Carbonization experiments show that a temperature of 500 °C and residence time of 30 min are the optimized parameters for the three biomass wastes. The char yields are 26.4, 25.73, and 30.38% for pinewood, plywood, and coconut shell, respectively. CFD modeling has proven that using 20% of the volatiles could achieve lowest pollution and provide heat for carbonization of biomass waste. The steam activation results show that an activation temperature of 800 °C and activation time of 30 min are suitable for all three biomass samples, which could obtain optimized AC yields and adsorption quality for dioxin.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1021/acsomega.0c06032\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/79ff5ab14fe5dafab57f85d6d9b7b96f42cf7646\",\n \"result_position\": 55,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 231734498,\n \"title\": \"Char Products From Bamboo Waste Pyrolysis and Acid Activation\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Materials\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"P. Parthasarathy\",\n \"H. Mackey\",\n \"Sabah Mariyam\",\n \"S. Zuhara\",\n \"T. Al-Ansari\",\n \"G. Mckay\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Bamboo is found worldwide but is especially concentrated in tropical and subtropical areas with the major producing nations being China, Indonesia and Thailand with an annual production of 12 million tonnes. It has found uses in many applications such as: furniture, flooring, roofing, fencing, interior design and scaffolding in the construction industry. In this study, discarded waste bamboo furniture was used in the ground form as the raw material feedstock for the production of a series of biochars and activated carbons. The biochars were produced at different temperatures, namely, 723, 823, 923, 1,023, 1,123 and 1223 K, in a muffle furnace inerted with nitrogen and for different pyrolysis times. The product chars yields were 20–30% by weight of the raw material, surface areas were 100–350 m2/g. Other tests include elemental analysis, helium displacement density, pH, ICP-AES on a leachate sample. Four of the different temperature samples of biochar were used to adsorb the basic dye methylene blue and were shown to possess high adsorption capacities. Then, the same bamboo raw material powder was treated with acid and pyrolysed/activated in a nitrogen atmosphere at the same range of temperatures to produce activated carbons; these were characterized using similar test methods to the biochars. The yields are in the range 20–40% by weight of the raw material feedstock and the BET surface areas are in the range 200–600 m2/g. Three of the different temperature activated carbons were used to adsorb methylene blue and the results were compared with the biochar results. All the adsorption experimental isotherm results were analyzed using conventional isotherm equations. The benefits and cost implications of both biochar and activated carbon routes are discussed. The methylene blue adsorption capacities are extremely attractive in the range 0.42–1.12 mmol/g (150–300 mg/g char product) and extend to over 2.35 mmol/g (700 mg/g) for the bamboo derived activated carbons. The micropore and mesopore volumes have been determined under the various char and activated carbon experimental conditions and coupled with the surface areas; these results have been used to explain the trends in the methylene blue adsorption capacities.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fmats.2020.624791\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/95405c1db894543a76559483d714e894152fb916\",\n \"result_position\": 56,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 238706066,\n \"title\": \"Wood and Black Liquor-Based N-Doped Activated Carbon for Energy Application\",\n \"venue\": \"Sustainability\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Plavniece\",\n \"A. Volperts\",\n \"G. Dobele\",\n \"A. Zhurinsh\",\n \"K. Kaare\",\n \"I. Kruusenberg\",\n \"K. Kaprāns\",\n \"A. Knoks\",\n \"J. Kleperis\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Fuel cells, batteries and supercapacitors are critical to meet the rising global demand for clean, sustainable energy. Biomass-derived activated carbon can be obtained with tailored properties to fulfil the extensive need for low-cost, high-performance, catalyst and electrode materials. To investigate the possibility of nanoporous nitrogen-doped carbon materials as catalysts in fuel cells and electrodes in lithium-ion batteries, biomass precursors were thermochemically activated with NaOH at 800 °C, nitrogen was introduced using dicyandiamide and doping was performed at 800 °C. The chemical composition, porous structure, texture and electrochemical properties of the obtained materials change depending on the biomass precursor used. It has been found that the most promising precursor of the obtained materials is wood char, both as an oxygen reduction catalyst in fuel cells, which shows better properties than the commercial 20% Pt/C catalyst, and as an anode material in Li-ion batteries. However, catalysts based on black liquor and hybrid material have comparable properties with commercial 20% Pt/C catalyst and can be considered as a cheaper alternative.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/su13169237\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bfc5e7efe34ad43bc61efc74918bbc28072e81f6\",\n \"result_position\": 57,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":89,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"Can you help me find more related work to hallucination and knowledge inconsistency in LLM. LLMs excel in many tasks, yet they frequently hallucinate or behave inconsistently~\\cite{huang2025survey,zhang2023siren,rawte2023survey}. \nKnowledge inconsistency—models failing to supply factually correct or self-consistent answers—can be viewed as one manifestation of hallucination. \nSuch errors arise from adversarial prompts \\cite{yao2023llm}, outdated or biased training data \\cite{zhang2023vibe,luu2021time,liu2024prejudice}, or “knowledge-overshadowing’’ effects \\cite{zhang2025law} in which newer facts suppress older ones and lead to contradictions."},"query_timestamp":{"kind":"string","value":"2025-05-14T00:59:11.158025+00:00"},"thread_id":{"kind":"string","value":"e86cc3a7edfb940cb1d9c41de8a55c78af60266dee5967537878a77604762e6a"},"num_shown":{"kind":"number","value":75,"string":"75"},"num_clicked":{"kind":"number","value":1,"string":"1"},"has_clicks":{"kind":"bool","value":true,"string":"true"},"shown_papers":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"corpus_id":267060796,"title":"Knowledge Verification to Nip Hallucination in the Bud","venue":"Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","year":2024,"authors":["Fanqi Wan","Xinting Huang","Leyang Cui","Xiaojun Quan","Wei Bi","Shuming Shi"],"abstract":"While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance across various tasks following human alignment, they may still generate responses that sound plausible but contradict factual knowledge, a phenomenon known as hallucination. In this paper, we demonstrate the feasibility of mitigating hallucinations by verifying and minimizing the inconsistency between external knowledge present in the alignment data and the intrinsic knowledge embedded within foundation LLMs. Specifically, we propose a novel approach called Knowledge Consistent Alignment (KCA), which employs a well-aligned LLM to automatically formulate assessments based on external knowledge to evaluate the knowledge boundaries of foundation LLMs. To address knowledge inconsistencies in the alignment data, KCA implements several specific strategies to deal with these data instances. We demonstrate the superior efficacy of KCA in reducing hallucinations across six benchmarks, utilizing foundation LLMs of varying backbones and scales. This confirms the effectiveness of mitigating hallucinations by reducing knowledge inconsistency. Our code, model weights, and data are openly accessible at https://github.com/fanqiwan/KCA.","doi":"10.18653/v1/2024.emnlp-main.152","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fcee1c19e12f3b7e3595aeba702416d055bdbc3f","result_position":0,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":271328900,"title":"Knowledge Mechanisms in Large Language Models: A Survey and Perspective","venue":"Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","year":2024,"authors":["Mengru Wang","Yunzhi Yao","Ziwen Xu","Shuofei Qiao","Shumin Deng","Peng Wang","Xiang Chen","Jia-Chen Gu","Yong Jiang","Pengjun Xie","Fei Huang","Huajun Chen","Ningyu Zhang"],"abstract":"Understanding knowledge mechanisms in Large Language Models (LLMs) is crucial for advancing towards trustworthy AGI. This paper reviews knowledge mechanism analysis from a novel taxonomy including knowledge utilization and evolution. Knowledge utilization delves into the mechanism of memorization, comprehension and application, and creation. Knowledge evolution focuses on the dynamic progression of knowledge within individual and group LLMs. Moreover, we discuss what knowledge LLMs have learned, the reasons for the fragility of parametric knowledge, and the potential dark knowledge (hypothesis) that will be challenging to address. We hope this work can help understand knowledge in LLMs and provide insights for future research.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2407.15017","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/65f20ab2481203e3699792d1f00a78df14ee95a8","result_position":1,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":277435067,"title":"Supposedly Equivalent Facts That Aren't? Entity Frequency in Pre-training Induces Asymmetry in LLMs","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Yuan He","Bailan He","Zifeng Ding","A. Lupidi","Yuqicheng Zhu","Shuo Chen","Caiqi Zhang","Jiaoyan Chen","Yunpu Ma","Volker Tresp","Ian Horrocks"],"abstract":"Understanding and mitigating hallucinations in Large Language Models (LLMs) is crucial for ensuring reliable content generation. While previous research has primarily focused on\"when\"LLMs hallucinate, our work explains\"why\"and directly links model behaviour to the pre-training data that forms their prior knowledge. Specifically, we demonstrate that an asymmetry exists in the recognition of logically equivalent facts, which can be attributed to frequency discrepancies of entities appearing as subjects versus objects. Given that most pre-training datasets are inaccessible, we leverage the fully open-source OLMo series by indexing its Dolma dataset to estimate entity frequencies. Using relational facts (represented as triples) from Wikidata5M, we construct probing datasets to isolate this effect. Our experiments reveal that facts with a high-frequency subject and a low-frequency object are better recognised than their inverse, despite their logical equivalence. The pattern reverses in low-to-high frequency settings, and no statistically significant asymmetry emerges when both entities are high-frequency. These findings highlight the influential role of pre-training data in shaping model predictions and provide insights for inferring the characteristics of pre-training data in closed or partially closed LLMs.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2503.22362","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/68a4088c941fd4f46a7b2aec273198380fa2ee9b","result_position":2,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":273638251,"title":"Fictitious Synthetic Data Can Improve LLM Factuality via Prerequisite Learning","venue":"International Conference on Learning Representations","year":2024,"authors":["Yujian Liu","Shiyu Chang","T. Jaakkola","Yang Zhang"],"abstract":"Recent studies have identified one aggravating factor of LLM hallucinations as the knowledge inconsistency between pre-training and fine-tuning, where unfamiliar fine-tuning data mislead the LLM to fabricate plausible but wrong outputs. In this paper, we propose a novel fine-tuning strategy called Prereq-Tune to address this knowledge inconsistency and reduce hallucinations. Fundamentally, Prereq-Tune disentangles the learning of skills and knowledge, so the model learns only the task skills without being impacted by the knowledge inconsistency. To achieve this, Prereq-Tune introduces an additional prerequisite learning stage to learn the necessary knowledge for SFT, allowing subsequent SFT to focus only on task skills. Prereq-Tune can also be combined with fictitious synthetic data to enhance the grounding of LLM outputs to their internal knowledge. Experiments show that Prereq-Tune outperforms existing baselines in improving LLM's factuality across short QA and long-form generation tasks. It also opens new possibilities for knowledge-controlled generation in LLMs. Our code is available at https://github.com/UCSB-NLP-Chang/Prereq_tune.git.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2410.19290","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7aadea6eb82077aa48b134b896f40cdbaa13f51b","result_position":3,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":265067168,"title":"A Survey on Hallucination in Large Language Models: Principles, Taxonomy, Challenges, and Open Questions","venue":"ACM Trans. Inf. Syst.","year":2023,"authors":["Lei Huang","Weijiang Yu","Weitao Ma","Weihong Zhong","Zhangyin Feng","Haotian Wang","Qianglong Chen","Weihua Peng","Xiaocheng Feng","Bing Qin","Ting Liu"],"abstract":"The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has marked a significant breakthrough in natural language processing (NLP), fueling a paradigm shift in information acquisition. Nevertheless, LLMs are prone to hallucination, generating plausible yet nonfactual content. This phenomenon raises significant concerns over the reliability of LLMs in real-world information retrieval (IR) systems and has attracted intensive research to detect and mitigate such hallucinations. Given the open-ended general-purpose attributes inherent to LLMs, LLM hallucinations present distinct challenges that diverge from prior task-specific models. This divergence highlights the urgency for a nuanced understanding and comprehensive overview of recent advances in LLM hallucinations. In this survey, we begin with an innovative taxonomy of hallucination in the era of LLM and then delve into the factors contributing to hallucinations. Subsequently, we present a thorough overview of hallucination detection methods and benchmarks. Our discussion then transfers to representative methodologies for mitigating LLM hallucinations. Additionally, we delve into the current limitations faced by retrieval-augmented LLMs in combating hallucinations, offering insights for developing more robust IR systems. Finally, we highlight the promising research directions on LLM hallucinations, including hallucination in large vision-language models and understanding of knowledge boundaries in LLM hallucinations.","doi":"10.1145/3703155","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1e909e2a8cdacdcdff125ebcc566f37cb869a1c8","result_position":4,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":265019095,"title":"SAC3: Reliable Hallucination Detection in Black-Box Language Models via Semantic-aware Cross-check Consistency","venue":"Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","year":2023,"authors":["Jiaxin Zhang","Zhuohang Li","Kamalika Das","Bradley Malin","Kumar Sricharan"],"abstract":"Hallucination detection is a critical step toward understanding the trustworthiness of modern language models (LMs). To achieve this goal, we re-examine existing detection approaches based on the self-consistency of LMs and uncover two types of hallucinations resulting from 1) question-level and 2) model-level, which cannot be effectively identified through self-consistency check alone. Building upon this discovery, we propose a novel sampling-based method, i.e., semantic-aware cross-check consistency (SAC3) that expands on the principle of self-consistency checking. Our SAC3 approach incorporates additional mechanisms to detect both question-level and model-level hallucinations by leveraging advances including semantically equivalent question perturbation and cross-model response consistency checking. Through extensive and systematic empirical analysis, we demonstrate that SAC3 outperforms the state of the art in detecting both non-factual and factual statements across multiple question-answering and open-domain generation benchmarks.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2311.01740","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6af460d34bfc8e955e43fbe15cedcf329b48bc19","result_position":5,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":267312028,"title":"Learning to Trust Your Feelings: Leveraging Self-awareness in LLMs for Hallucination Mitigation","venue":"KNOWLEDGENLP","year":2024,"authors":["Yuxin Liang","Zhuoyang Song","Hao Wang","Jiaxing Zhang"],"abstract":"We evaluate the ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to discern and express their internal knowledge state, a key factor in countering factual hallucination and ensuring reliable application of LLMs. We observe a robust self-awareness of internal knowledge state in LLMs, evidenced by over 85% accuracy in knowledge state probing. However, LLMs often fail to faithfully express their internal knowledge during generation, leading to factual hallucinations. We develop an automated hallucination annotation tool, DreamCatcher, which merges knowledge probing and consistency checking methods to rank factual preference data. Using knowledge preference as reward, We propose a Reinforcement Learning from Knowledge Feedback (RLKF) training framework, leveraging reinforcement learning to enhance the factuality and honesty of LLMs. Our experiments across multiple models show that RLKF training effectively enhances the ability of models to utilize their internal knowledge state, boosting performance in a variety of knowledge-based and honesty-related tasks.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2401.15449","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2751de08d6dbec07f53808231c016e96b075b06c","result_position":6,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":268793934,"title":"On Large Language Models’ Hallucination with Regard to Known Facts","venue":"North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics","year":2024,"authors":["Che Jiang","Biqing Qi","Xiangyu Hong","Dayuan Fu","Yang Cheng","Fandong Meng","Mo Yu","Bowen Zhou","Jie Zhou"],"abstract":"Large language models are successful in answering factoid questions but are also prone to hallucination.We investigate the phenomenon of LLMs possessing correct answer knowledge yet still hallucinating from the perspective of inference dynamics, an area not previously covered in studies on hallucinations.We are able to conduct this analysis via two key ideas.First, we identify the factual questions that query the same triplet knowledge but result in different answers. The difference between the model behaviors on the correct and incorrect outputs hence suggests the patterns when hallucinations happen.Second, to measure the pattern, we utilize mappings from the residual streams to vocabulary space.We reveal the different dynamics of the output token probabilities along the depths of layers between the correct and hallucinated cases. In hallucinated cases, the output token’s information rarely demonstrates abrupt increases and consistent superiority in the later stages of the model.Leveraging the dynamic curve as a feature, we build a classifier capable of accurately detecting hallucinatory predictions with an 88% success rate. Our study shed light on understanding the reasons for LLMs’ hallucinations on their known facts, and more importantly, on accurately predicting when they are hallucinating.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2403.20009","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d48c56dbce88580736c037797666060cb3b03bf7","result_position":7,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":269362642,"title":"Evaluating Consistency and Reasoning Capabilities of Large Language Models","venue":"2024 Second International Conference on Data Science and Information System (ICDSIS)","year":2024,"authors":["Yash Saxena","Sarthak Chopra","Arunendra Mani Tripathi"],"abstract":"Large Language Models (LLMs) are extensively used today across various sectors, including academia, research, business, and finance, for tasks such as text generation, summarization, and translation. Despite their widespread adoption, these models often produce incorrect and misleading information, exhibiting a tendency to hallucinate. This behavior can be attributed to several factors, with consistency and reasoning capabilities being significant contributors. LLMs frequently lack the ability to generate explanations and engage in coherent reasoning, leading to inaccurate responses. Moreover, they exhibit inconsistencies in their outputs. This paper aims to evaluate and compare the consistency and reasoning capabilities of both public and proprietary LLMs. The experiments utilize the Boolq dataset as the ground truth, comprising questions, answers, and corresponding explanations. Queries from the dataset are presented as prompts to the LLMs, and the generated responses are evaluated against the ground truth answers. Additionally, explanations are generated to assess the models’ reasoning abilities. Consistency is evaluated by repeatedly presenting the same query to the models and observing for variations in their responses. For measuring reasoning capabilities, the generated explanations are compared to the ground truth explanations using metrics such as BERT, BLEU, and F-1 scores. The findings reveal that proprietary models generally outperform public models in terms of both consistency and reasoning capabilities. However, even when presented with basic general knowledge questions, none of the models achieved a score of 90% in both consistency and reasoning. This study underscores the direct correlation between consistency and reasoning abilities in LLMs and highlights the inherent reasoning challenges present in current language models.","doi":"10.1109/ICDSIS61070.2024.10594233","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/db7198d74e5366ff30196972fada0734ee6fabd0","result_position":8,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":277667246,"title":"Enhancing Large Language Models through Neuro-Symbolic Integration and Ontological Reasoning","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Ruslan Idelfonso Magaña Vsevolodovna","Marco Monti"],"abstract":"Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities in natural language processing but suffer from inaccuracies and logical inconsistencies known as hallucinations. This compromises their reliability, especially in domains requiring factual accuracy. We propose a neuro-symbolic approach integrating symbolic ontological reasoning and machine learning methods to enhance the consistency and reliability of LLM outputs. Our workflow utilizes OWL ontologies, a symbolic reasoner (e.g., HermiT) for consistency checking, and a lightweight machine learning model (logistic regression) for mapping natural language statements into logical forms compatible with the ontology. When inconsistencies between LLM outputs and the ontology are detected, the system generates explanatory feedback to guide the LLM towards a corrected, logically coherent response in an iterative refinement loop. We present a working Python prototype demonstrating this pipeline. Experimental results in a defined domain suggest significant improvements in semantic coherence and factual accuracy of LLM outputs, showcasing the potential of combining LLM fluency with the rigor of formal semantics.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2504.07640","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1c161fc97b28510620f566bf24cea9373cac093d","result_position":9,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":270440870,"title":"DefAn: Definitive Answer Dataset for LLMs Hallucination Evaluation","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2024,"authors":["A. Rahman","Saeed Anwar","Muhammad Usman","Ajmal Mian"],"abstract":"Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities, revolutionizing the integration of AI in daily life applications. However, they are prone to hallucinations, generating claims that contradict established facts, deviating from prompts, and producing inconsistent responses when the same prompt is presented multiple times. Addressing these issues is challenging due to the lack of comprehensive and easily assessable benchmark datasets. Most existing datasets are small and rely on multiple-choice questions, which are inadequate for evaluating the generative prowess of LLMs. To measure hallucination in LLMs, this paper introduces a comprehensive benchmark dataset comprising over 75,000 prompts across eight domains. These prompts are designed to elicit definitive, concise, and informative answers. The dataset is divided into two segments: one publicly available for testing and assessing LLM performance and a hidden segment for benchmarking various LLMs. In our experiments, we tested six LLMs-GPT-3.5, LLama 2, LLama 3, Gemini, Mixtral, and Zephyr-revealing that overall factual hallucination ranges from 59% to 82% on the public dataset and 57% to 76% in the hidden benchmark. Prompt misalignment hallucination ranges from 6% to 95% in the public dataset and 17% to 94% in the hidden counterpart. Average consistency ranges from 21% to 61% and 22% to 63%, respectively. Domain-wise analysis shows that LLM performance significantly deteriorates when asked for specific numeric information while performing moderately with person, location, and date queries. Our dataset demonstrates its efficacy and serves as a comprehensive benchmark for LLM performance evaluation. Our dataset and LLMs responses are available at \\href{https://github.com/ashikiut/DefAn}{https://github.com/ashikiut/DefAn}.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2406.09155","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/03c90140680c6af76bda0e4ece552381944d5cbf","result_position":10,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":267770351,"title":"Hallucinations or Attention Misdirection? The Path to Strategic Value Extraction in Business Using Large Language Models","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2024,"authors":["Aline Ioste"],"abstract":"Large Language Models with transformer architecture have revolutionized the domain of text generation, setting unprecedented benchmarks. Despite their impressive capabilities, LLMs have been criticized for generating outcomes that deviate from factual accuracy or display logical inconsistencies, phenomena commonly referred to as hallucinations. This term, however, has often been misapplied to any results deviating from the instructor's expectations, which this paper defines as attention misdirection rather than true hallucinations. Understanding the distinction between hallucinations and attention misdirection becomes increasingly relevant in business contexts, where the ramifications of such errors can significantly impact the value extraction from these inherently pre-trained models. This paper highlights the best practices of the PGI, Persona, Grouping, and Intelligence, method, a strategic framework that achieved a remarkable error rate of only 3,15 percent across 4,000 responses generated by GPT in response to a real business challenge. It emphasizes that by equipping experimentation with knowledge, businesses can unlock opportunities for innovation through the use of these natively pre-trained models. This reinforces the notion that strategic application grounded in a skilled team can maximize the benefits of emergent technologies such as the LLMs.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2402.14002","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/16bf4961ee318e354d3fafde456e9520450b9724","result_position":11,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":258887694,"title":"Self-contradictory Hallucinations of Large Language Models: Evaluation, Detection and Mitigation","venue":"International Conference on Learning Representations","year":2023,"authors":["Niels Mündler","Jingxuan He","Slobodan Jenko","Martin T. Vechev"],"abstract":"Large language models (large LMs) are susceptible to producing text that contains hallucinated content. An important instance of this problem is self-contradiction, where the LM generates two contradictory sentences within the same context. In this work, we present a comprehensive investigation into self-contradiction for various instruction-tuned LMs, covering evaluation, detection, and mitigation. Our primary evaluation task is open-domain text generation, but we also demonstrate the applicability of our approach to shorter question answering. Our analysis reveals the prevalence of self-contradictions, e.g., in 17.7% of all sentences produced by ChatGPT. We then propose a novel prompting-based framework designed to effectively detect and mitigate self-contradictions. Our detector achieves high accuracy, e.g., around 80% F1 score when prompting ChatGPT. The mitigation algorithm iteratively refines the generated text to remove contradictory information while preserving text fluency and informativeness. Importantly, our entire framework is applicable to black-box LMs and does not require retrieval of external knowledge. Rather, our method complements retrieval-based methods, as a large portion of self-contradictions (e.g., 35.2% for ChatGPT) cannot be verified using online text. Our approach is practically effective and has been released as a push-button tool to benefit the public at https://chatprotect.ai/.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2305.15852","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3dbbe6909d7b53dd49e059c7f61a3613045a8db0","result_position":12,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":261530162,"title":"Siren's Song in the AI Ocean: A Survey on Hallucination in Large Language Models","venue":"Computational Linguistics","year":2023,"authors":["Yue Zhang","Yafu Li","Leyang Cui","Deng Cai","Lemao Liu","Tingchen Fu","Xinting Huang","Enbo Zhao","Yu Zhang","Yulong Chen","Longyue Wang","A. Luu","Wei Bi","Freda Shi","Shuming Shi"],"abstract":"\n While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a range of downstream tasks, a significant concern revolves around their propensity to exhibit hallucinations: LLMs occasionally generate content that diverges from the user input, contradicts previously generated context, or misaligns with established world knowledge. This phenomenon poses a substantial challenge to the reliability of LLMs in real-world scenarios. In this paper, we survey recent efforts on the detection, explanation, and mitigation of hallucination, with an emphasis on the unique challenges posed by LLMs. We present taxonomies of the LLM hallucination phenomena and evaluation benchmarks, analyze existing approaches aiming at mitigating LLM hallucination, and discuss potential directions for future research.","doi":"10.1162/coli.a.16","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d00735241af700d21762d2f3ca00d920241a15a4","result_position":13,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":268379757,"title":"Knowledge Conflicts for LLMs: A Survey","venue":"Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","year":2024,"authors":["Rongwu Xu","Zehan Qi","Zhijiang Guo","Cunxiang Wang","Hongru Wang","Hongru Wang","Wei Xu"],"abstract":"This survey provides an in-depth analysis of knowledge conflicts for large language models (LLMs), highlighting the complex challenges they encounter when blending contextual and parametric knowledge. Our focus is on three categories of knowledge conflicts: context-memory, inter-context, and intra-memory conflict. These conflicts can significantly impact the trustworthiness and performance of LLMs, especially in real-world applications where noise and misinformation are common. By categorizing these conflicts, exploring the causes, examining the behaviors of LLMs under such conflicts, and reviewing available solutions, this survey aims to shed light on strategies for improving the robustness of LLMs, thereby serving as a valuable resource for advancing research in this evolving area.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2403.08319","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ab8e6df5001dbb9b48445220099425aff536b3e8","result_position":14,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":272524830,"title":"LLMs Will Always Hallucinate, and We Need to Live With This","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2024,"authors":["Sourav Banerjee","Ayushi Agarwal","Saloni Singla"],"abstract":"As Large Language Models become more ubiquitous across domains, it becomes important to examine their inherent limitations critically. This work argues that hallucinations in language models are not just occasional errors but an inevitable feature of these systems. We demonstrate that hallucinations stem from the fundamental mathematical and logical structure of LLMs. It is, therefore, impossible to eliminate them through architectural improvements, dataset enhancements, or fact-checking mechanisms. Our analysis draws on computational theory and Godel's First Incompleteness Theorem, which references the undecidability of problems like the Halting, Emptiness, and Acceptance Problems. We demonstrate that every stage of the LLM process-from training data compilation to fact retrieval, intent classification, and text generation-will have a non-zero probability of producing hallucinations. This work introduces the concept of Structural Hallucination as an intrinsic nature of these systems. By establishing the mathematical certainty of hallucinations, we challenge the prevailing notion that they can be fully mitigated.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2409.05746","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4b07942251b9101ff1e06a51fb506fcdf45e40bc","result_position":15,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":271097958,"title":"Knowledge Overshadowing Causes Amalgamated Hallucination in Large Language Models","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2024,"authors":["Yuji Zhang","Sha Li","Jiateng Liu","Pengfei Yu","Y. Fung","Jing Li","Manling Li","Heng Ji"],"abstract":"Hallucination is often regarded as a major impediment for using large language models (LLMs), especially for knowledge-intensive tasks. Even when the training corpus consists solely of true statements, language models still generate hallucinations in the form of amalgamations of multiple facts. We coin this phenomenon as ``knowledge overshadowing'': when we query knowledge from a language model with multiple conditions, some conditions overshadow others, leading to hallucinated outputs. This phenomenon partially stems from training data imbalance, which we verify on both pretrained models and fine-tuned models, over a wide range of LM model families and sizes.From a theoretical point of view, knowledge overshadowing can be interpreted as over-generalization of the dominant conditions (patterns). We show that the hallucination rate grows with both the imbalance ratio (between the popular and unpopular condition) and the length of dominant condition description, consistent with our derived generalization bound. Finally, we propose to utilize overshadowing conditions as a signal to catch hallucination before it is produced, along with a training-free self-contrastive decoding method to alleviate hallucination during inference. Our proposed approach showcases up to 82% F1 for hallucination anticipation and 11.2% to 39.4% hallucination control, with different models and datasets.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2407.08039","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/01f3b1809035a593b9dd6fb0b2cabdc8e216542f","result_position":16,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":269813035,"title":"Introduction to Large Language Models (LLMs) for dementia care and research","venue":"Frontiers in dementia","year":2024,"authors":["M. Treder","Sojin Lee","K. Tsvetanov"],"abstract":"Introduction Dementia is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects cognitive abilities including memory, reasoning, and communication skills, leading to gradual decline in daily activities and social engagement. In light of the recent advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT, this paper aims to thoroughly analyse their potential applications and usefulness in dementia care and research. Method To this end, we offer an introduction into LLMs, outlining the key features, capabilities, limitations, potential risks, and practical considerations for deployment as easy-to-use software (e.g., smartphone apps). We then explore various domains related to dementia, identifying opportunities for LLMs to enhance understanding, diagnostics, and treatment, with a broader emphasis on improving patient care. For each domain, the specific contributions of LLMs are examined, such as their ability to engage users in meaningful conversations, deliver personalized support, and offer cognitive enrichment. Potential benefits encompass improved social interaction, enhanced cognitive functioning, increased emotional well-being, and reduced caregiver burden. The deployment of LLMs in caregiving frameworks also raises a number of concerns and considerations. These include privacy and safety concerns, the need for empirical validation, user-centered design, adaptation to the user's unique needs, and the integration of multimodal inputs to create more immersive and personalized experiences. Additionally, ethical guidelines and privacy protocols must be established to ensure responsible and ethical deployment of LLMs. Results We report the results on a questionnaire filled in by people with dementia (PwD) and their supporters wherein we surveyed the usefulness of different application scenarios of LLMs as well as the features that LLM-powered apps should have. Both PwD and supporters were largely positive regarding the prospect of LLMs in care, although concerns were raised regarding bias, data privacy and transparency. Discussion Overall, this review corroborates the promising utilization of LLMs to positively impact dementia care by boosting cognitive abilities, enriching social interaction, and supporting caregivers. The findings underscore the importance of further research and development in this field to fully harness the benefits of LLMs and maximize their potential for improving the lives of individuals living with dementia.","doi":"10.3389/frdem.2024.1385303","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/29c5ce12847362bfd28bf43fdf7f71f09bcb757b","result_position":17,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":271957051,"title":"Towards Reliable Medical Question Answering: Techniques and Challenges in Mitigating Hallucinations in Language Models","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2024,"authors":["Duy Khoa Pham","Q. Vo"],"abstract":"The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has significantly impacted various domains, including healthcare and biomedicine. However, the phenomenon of hallucination, where LLMs generate outputs that deviate from factual accuracy or context, poses a critical challenge, especially in high-stakes domains. This paper conducts a scoping study of existing techniques for mitigating hallucinations in knowledge-based task in general and especially for medical domains. Key methods covered in the paper include Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)-based techniques, iterative feedback loops, supervised fine-tuning, and prompt engineering. These techniques, while promising in general contexts, require further adaptation and optimization for the medical domain due to its unique demands for up-to-date, specialized knowledge and strict adherence to medical guidelines. Addressing these challenges is crucial for developing trustworthy AI systems that enhance clinical decision-making and patient safety as well as accuracy of biomedical scientific research.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2408.13808","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9368325ba67c0cac3902273deabebd02f7a1f139","result_position":18,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":265456112,"title":"UHGEval: Benchmarking the Hallucination of Chinese Large Language Models via Unconstrained Generation","venue":"Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","year":2023,"authors":["Xun Liang","Shichao Song","Simin Niu","Zhiyu Li","Feiyu Xiong","Bo Tang","Zhaohui Wy","Dawei He","Peng Cheng","Zhonghao Wang","Haiying Deng"],"abstract":"Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as pivotal contributors in contemporary natural language processing and are increasingly being applied across a diverse range of industries. However, these large-scale probabilistic statistical models cannot currently ensure the requisite quality in professional content generation. These models often produce hallucinated text, compromising their practical utility in professional contexts. To assess the authentic reliability of LLMs in text generation, numerous initiatives have developed benchmark evaluations for hallucination phenomena. Nevertheless, these benchmarks frequently utilize constrained generation techniques due to cost and temporal constraints. These techniques encompass the use of directed hallucination induction and strategies that deliberately alter authentic text to produce hallucinations. These approaches are not congruent with the unrestricted text generation demanded by real-world applications. Furthermore, a well-established Chinese-language dataset dedicated to the evaluation of hallucinations in text generation is presently lacking. Consequently, we have developed an Unconstrained Hallucination Generation Evaluation (UHGEval) benchmark, designed to compile outputs produced with minimal restrictions by LLMs. Concurrently, we have established a comprehensive benchmark evaluation framework to aid subsequent researchers in undertaking scalable and reproducible experiments. We have also executed extensive experiments, evaluating prominent Chinese language models and the GPT series models to derive professional performance insights regarding hallucination challenges.","doi":"10.18653/v1/2024.acl-long.288","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1146d40d3d01427a008a20530269667b8989750c","result_position":19,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":270370977,"title":"Deconstructing the ethics of large language models from long-standing issues to new-emerging dilemmas: a survey","venue":"AI and Ethics","year":2024,"authors":["Chengyuan Deng","Yiqun Duan","Xin Jin","Heng Chang","Yijun Tian","Han Liu","Henry Peng Zou","Yiqiao Jin","Yijia Xiao","Yichen Wang","Shenghao Wu","Zongxing Xie","Kuofeng Gao","Sihong He","Jun Zhuang","Lu Cheng","Haohan Wang"],"abstract":"Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved unparalleled success across diverse language modeling tasks in recent years. However, this progress has also intensified ethical concerns, impacting the deployment of LLMs in everyday contexts. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of ethical challenges associated with LLMs, from longstanding issues such as copyright infringement, systematic bias, and data privacy, to emerging problems like truthfulness and social norms. We critically analyze existing research aimed at understanding, examining, and mitigating these ethical risks. Our survey underscores integrating ethical standards and societal values into the development of LLMs, thereby guiding the development of responsible and ethically aligned language models.","doi":"10.1007/s43681-025-00797-3","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/74154d88d9aa54981eef2a2b27dc2a5fe9166d30","result_position":20,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":267750964,"title":"Large Language Models for Causal Discovery: Current Landscape and Future Directions","venue":"International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","year":2024,"authors":["Guangya Wan","Yu-An Lu","Yuqi Wu","Mengxuan Hu","Sheng Li"],"abstract":"Causal discovery (CD) and Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as transformative fields in artificial intelligence that have evolved largely independently. While CD specializes in uncovering cause-effect relationships from data, and LLMs excel at natural language processing and generation, their integration presents unique opportunities for advancing causal understanding. This survey examines how LLMs are transforming CD across three key dimensions: direct causal extraction from text, integration of domain knowledge into statistical methods, and refinement of causal structures. We systematically analyze approaches that leverage LLMs for CD tasks, highlighting their innovative use of metadata and natural language for causal inference. Our analysis reveals both LLMs' potential to enhance traditional CD methods and their current limitations as imperfect expert systems. We identify key research gaps, outline evaluation frameworks and benchmarks for LLM-based causal discovery, and advocate future research efforts for leveraging LLMs in causality research. As the first comprehensive examination of the synergy between LLMs and CD, this work lays the groundwork for future advances in the field.","doi":"10.24963/ijcai.2025/1186","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1e40c66e753b26b81844b2568fa019b158fca7f4","result_position":21,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":276450123,"title":"What are Models Thinking about? Understanding Large Language Model Hallucinations \"Psychology\" through Model Inner State Analysis","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Peiran Wang","Yang Liu","Yunfei Lu","Jue Hong","Ye Wu"],"abstract":"Large language model (LLM) systems suffer from the models' unstable ability to generate valid and factual content, resulting in hallucination generation. Current hallucination detection methods heavily rely on out-of-model information sources, such as RAG to assist the detection, thus bringing heavy additional latency. Recently, internal states of LLMs' inference have been widely used in numerous research works, such as prompt injection detection, etc. Considering the interpretability of LLM internal states and the fact that they do not require external information sources, we introduce such states into LLM hallucination detection. In this paper, we systematically analyze different internal states' revealing features during inference forward and comprehensively evaluate their ability in hallucination detection. Specifically, we cut the forward process of a large language model into three stages: understanding, query, generation, and extracting the internal state from these stages. By analyzing these states, we provide a deep understanding of why the hallucinated content is generated and what happened in the internal state of the models. Then, we introduce these internal states into hallucination detection and conduct comprehensive experiments to discuss the advantages and limitations.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2502.13490","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4603d814951b860434f61183736185d16fef5bab","result_position":22,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":273662222,"title":"Distinguishing Ignorance from Error in LLM Hallucinations","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2024,"authors":["Adi Simhi","Jonathan Herzig","Idan Szpektor","Yonatan Belinkov"],"abstract":"Large language models (LLMs) are susceptible to hallucinations -- factually incorrect outputs -- leading to a large body of work on detecting and mitigating such cases. We argue that it is important to distinguish between two types of hallucinations: ones where the model does not hold the correct answer in its parameters, which we term HK-, and ones where the model answers incorrectly despite having the required knowledge, termed HK+. We first find that HK+ hallucinations are prevalent and occur across models and datasets. Then, we demonstrate that distinguishing between these two cases is beneficial for mitigating hallucinations. Importantly, we show that different models hallucinate on different examples, which motivates constructing model-specific hallucination datasets for training detectors. Overall, our findings draw attention to classifying types of hallucinations and provide means to handle them more effectively. The code is available at https://github.com/technion-cs-nlp/hallucination-mitigation .","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2410.22071","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/02817ea88b8625c520021157acf5c98eea6412c1","result_position":23,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":246652372,"title":"Survey of Hallucination in Natural Language Generation","venue":"ACM Computing Surveys","year":2022,"authors":["Ziwei Ji","Nayeon Lee","Rita Frieske","Tiezheng Yu","D. Su","Yan Xu","Etsuko Ishii","Yejin Bang","Delong Chen","Wenliang Dai","Andrea Madotto","Pascale Fung"],"abstract":"Natural Language Generation (NLG) has improved exponentially in recent years thanks to the development of sequence-to-sequence deep learning technologies such as Transformer-based language models. This advancement has led to more fluent and coherent NLG, leading to improved development in downstream tasks such as abstractive summarization, dialogue generation, and data-to-text generation. However, it is also apparent that deep learning based generation is prone to hallucinate unintended text, which degrades the system performance and fails to meet user expectations in many real-world scenarios. To address this issue, many studies have been presented in measuring and mitigating hallucinated texts, but these have never been reviewed in a comprehensive manner before. In this survey, we thus provide a broad overview of the research progress and challenges in the hallucination problem in NLG. The survey is organized into two parts: (1) a general overview of metrics, mitigation methods, and future directions, and (2) an overview of task-specific research progress on hallucinations in the following downstream tasks, namely abstractive summarization, dialogue generation, generative question answering, data-to-text generation, and machine translation. This survey serves to facilitate collaborative efforts among researchers in tackling the challenge of hallucinated texts in NLG.","doi":"10.1145/3571730","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3def68bd0f856886d34272840a7f81588f2bc082","result_position":24,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":268358368,"title":"Unfamiliar Finetuning Examples Control How Language Models Hallucinate","venue":"North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics","year":2024,"authors":["Katie Kang","Eric Wallace","Claire J. Tomlin","Aviral Kumar","Sergey Levine"],"abstract":"Large language models are known to hallucinate when faced with unfamiliar queries, but the underlying mechanism that govern how models hallucinate are not yet fully understood. In this work, we find that unfamiliar examples in the models' finetuning data -- those that introduce concepts beyond the base model's scope of knowledge -- are crucial in shaping these errors. In particular, we find that an LLM's hallucinated predictions tend to mirror the responses associated with its unfamiliar finetuning examples. This suggests that by modifying how unfamiliar finetuning examples are supervised, we can influence a model's responses to unfamiliar queries (e.g., say ``I don't know''). We empirically validate this observation in a series of controlled experiments involving SFT, RL, and reward model finetuning on TriviaQA and MMLU. Our work further investigates RL finetuning strategies for improving the factuality of long-form model generations. We find that, while hallucinations from the reward model can significantly undermine the effectiveness of RL factuality finetuning, strategically controlling how reward models hallucinate can minimize these negative effects. Leveraging our previous observations on controlling hallucinations, we propose an approach for learning more reliable reward models, and show that they improve the efficacy of RL factuality finetuning in long-form biography and book/movie plot generation tasks.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2403.05612","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4e274196324bad3e750e83235516af06733e701d","result_position":25,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":267412450,"title":"Factuality of Large Language Models: A Survey","venue":"Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","year":2024,"authors":["Yuxia Wang","Minghan Wang","Muhammad Arslan Manzoor","Fei Liu","Georgi N. Georgiev","Rocktim Jyoti Das","Preslav Nakov"],"abstract":"Large language models (LLMs), especially when instruction-tuned for chat, have become part of our daily lives, freeing people from the process of searching, extracting, and integrating information from multiple sources by offering a straightforward answer to a variety of questions in a single place. Unfortunately, in many cases, LLM responses are factually incorrect, which limits their applicability in real-world scenarios. As a result, research on evaluating and improving the factuality of LLMs has attracted a lot of research attention recently. In this survey, we critically analyze existing work with the aim to identify the major challenges and their associated causes, pointing out to potential solutions for improving the factuality of LLMs, and analyzing the obstacles to automated factuality evaluation for open-ended text generation. We further offer an outlook on where future research should go.","doi":"10.18653/v1/2024.emnlp-main.1088","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5a7ae6c94bc59d7ee3fadb0f27788e2ac828ef88","result_position":26,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":273638231,"title":"Investigating the Role of Prompting and External Tools in Hallucination Rates of Large Language Models","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2024,"authors":["Liam Barkley","Brink van der Merwe"],"abstract":"Large Language Models (LLMs) are powerful computational models trained on extensive corpora of human-readable text, enabling them to perform general-purpose language understanding and generation. LLMs have garnered significant attention in both industry and academia due to their exceptional performance across various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Despite these successes, LLMs often produce inaccuracies, commonly referred to as hallucinations. Prompt engineering, the process of designing and formulating instructions for LLMs to perform specific tasks, has emerged as a key approach to mitigating hallucinations. This paper provides a comprehensive empirical evaluation of different prompting strategies and frameworks aimed at reducing hallucinations in LLMs. Various prompting techniques are applied to a broad set of benchmark datasets to assess the accuracy and hallucination rate of each method. Additionally, the paper investigates the influence of tool-calling agents (LLMs augmented with external tools to enhance their capabilities beyond language generation) on hallucination rates in the same benchmarks. The findings demonstrate that the optimal prompting technique depends on the type of problem, and that simpler techniques often outperform more complex methods in reducing hallucinations. Furthermore, it is shown that LLM agents can exhibit significantly higher hallucination rates due to the added complexity of external tool usage.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2410.19385","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d45865c981161ad711adf18b0492e959771554e4","result_position":27,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":278033255,"title":"HalluLens: LLM Hallucination Benchmark","venue":"Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","year":2025,"authors":["Yejin Bang","Ziwei Ji","A. Schelten","A. Hartshorn","T. Fowler","Cheng Zhang","Nicola Cancedda","Pascale Fung"],"abstract":"Large language models (LLMs) often generate responses that deviate from user input or training data, a phenomenon known as\"hallucination.\"These hallucinations undermine user trust and hinder the adoption of generative AI systems. Addressing hallucinations is essential for the advancement of LLMs. This paper introduces a comprehensive hallucination benchmark, incorporating both new extrinsic and existing intrinsic evaluation tasks, built upon clear taxonomy of hallucination. A major challenge in benchmarking hallucinations is the lack of a unified framework due to inconsistent definitions and categorizations. We disentangle LLM hallucination from\"factuality,\"proposing a clear taxonomy that distinguishes between extrinsic and intrinsic hallucinations, to promote consistency and facilitate research. Extrinsic hallucinations, where the generated content is not consistent with the training data, are increasingly important as LLMs evolve. Our benchmark includes dynamic test set generation to mitigate data leakage and ensure robustness against such leakage. We also analyze existing benchmarks, highlighting their limitations and saturation. The work aims to: (1) establish a clear taxonomy of hallucinations, (2) introduce new extrinsic hallucination tasks, with data that can be dynamically regenerated to prevent saturation by leakage, (3) provide a comprehensive analysis of existing benchmarks, distinguishing them from factuality evaluations.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2504.17550","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/51fe85e30a4c9d66a3fa127946d1f87a6fabeac7","result_position":28,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":274130835,"title":"Large Language Models for Constructing and Optimizing Machine Learning Workflows: A Survey","venue":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","year":2024,"authors":["Yang Gu","Hengyu You","Jian Cao","Muran Yu","Haoran Fan","Shiyou Qian"],"abstract":"Machine Learning (ML) workflows—spanning data preprocessing and feature engineering, model selection and hyperparameter optimization, and workflow evaluation—are increasingly embedded in complex software systems. Building these workflows manually demands substantial ML expertise, domain knowledge, and engineering effort. Automated ML (AutoML) frameworks address parts of this challenge but often suffer from constrained search spaces, limited adaptability, and low interpretability. Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have opened new opportunities to automate and enhance ML workflows by leveraging their capabilities in language understanding, reasoning, interaction, and code generation, posing new practical and theoretical challenges for software engineering (SE). This survey provides the first SE-oriented, stage-wise review of LLM-based ML workflow automation. We introduce a taxonomy covering all three workflow stages, systematically compare and analyze state-of-the-art methods, and synthesize both stage-specific and cross-stage trends. Our analysis yields SE-oriented implications, including the need for robust verification, quality management, context-aware deployment, and risk mitigation, alongside ensuring key quality attributes such as usability, modularity, traceability, and performance. The findings also call for adapting development models, rethinking lifecycle boundaries, and formalizing uncertainty handling to address the probabilistic and collaborative nature of LLM-assisted workflow generation. We further identify major open challenges and outline future research directions to guide the reliable and effective adoption of LLMs in ML workflow development. Our artifacts are publicly available at https://github.com/t-harden/LLM4AutoML.","doi":"10.1145/3773084","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/aa9eb97ab9e6e1efeaecd6059adde2c3d5377e0e","result_position":29,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":265445060,"title":"Minimizing Factual Inconsistency and Hallucination in Large Language Models","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2023,"authors":["Muneeswaran Irulandi","Shreya Saxena","Siva Prasad","M. Prakash","Advaith Shankar","V. Varun","Vishal Vaddina","Saisubramaniam Gopalakrishnan"],"abstract":"Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used in critical fields such as healthcare, education, and finance due to their remarkable proficiency in various language-related tasks. However, LLMs are prone to generating factually incorrect responses or\"hallucinations,\"which can lead to a loss of credibility and trust among users. To address this issue, we propose a multi-stage framework that generates the rationale first, verifies and refines incorrect ones, and uses them as supporting references to generate the answer. The generated rationale enhances the transparency of the answer and our framework provides insights into how the model arrived at this answer, by using this rationale and the references to the context. In this paper, we demonstrate its effectiveness in improving the quality of responses to drug-related inquiries in the life sciences industry. Our framework improves traditional Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) by enabling OpenAI GPT-3.5-turbo to be 14-25% more faithful and 16-22% more accurate on two datasets. Furthermore, fine-tuning samples based on our framework improves the accuracy of smaller open-access LLMs by 33-42% and competes with RAG on commercial models.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2311.13878","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f63fdbbdf9005245d960ac1912cf4d0805e274a8","result_position":30,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":274330702,"title":"A Survey of Hallucination Problems Based on Large Language Models","venue":"Applied and Computational Engineering","year":2024,"authors":["Xinxin Liu"],"abstract":"Abstract. Large language models (LLM) have made significant achievements in the field of natural language processing, but the generated text often contains content that is inconsistent with the real world or user input, known as hallucinations. This article investigates the current situation of hallucinations in LLM, including the definition, types, causes, and solutions of hallucinations. Illusions are divided into different types such as factual and faithful, mainly caused by factors such as training data defects, low utilization of facts, and randomness in the decoding process. The phenomenon of hallucinations poses a threat to the reliability of LLM, especially in fields such as healthcare, finance, and law, which may lead to serious consequences. To address this issue, this article investigates methods such as managing training datasets, knowledge editing, and enhancing retrieval generation. Future research should classify and evaluate illusions more finely, explore multimodal strategies, enhance model stability, and integrate human intelligence and artificial intelligence to jointly address challenges, promoting the continuous progress of LLM.","doi":"10.54254/2755-2721/2024.17851","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e5f183ffafd74e2fba831420fa1f3e5f07b7ce2d","result_position":31,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":267412893,"title":"Building Guardrails for Large Language Models","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2024,"authors":["Yizhen Dong","Ronghui Mu","Gao Jin","Yi Qi","Jinwei Hu","Xingyu Zhao","Jie Meng","Wenjie Ruan","Xiaowei Huang"],"abstract":"As Large Language Models (LLMs) become more integrated into our daily lives, it is crucial to identify and mitigate their risks, especially when the risks can have profound impacts on human users and societies. Guardrails, which filter the inputs or outputs of LLMs, have emerged as a core safeguarding technology. This position paper takes a deep look at current open-source solutions (Llama Guard, Nvidia NeMo, Guardrails AI), and discusses the challenges and the road towards building more complete solutions. Drawing on robust evidence from previous research, we advocate for a systematic approach to construct guardrails for LLMs, based on comprehensive consideration of diverse contexts across various LLMs applications. We propose employing socio-technical methods through collaboration with a multi-disciplinary team to pinpoint precise technical requirements, exploring advanced neural-symbolic implementations to embrace the complexity of the requirements, and developing verification and testing to ensure the utmost quality of the final product.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2402.01822","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6e2704025046be6dc29b71339994422f9a9cacf1","result_position":32,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":268358769,"title":"HILL: A Hallucination Identifier for Large Language Models","venue":"International Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","year":2024,"authors":["Florian Leiser","S. Eckhardt","Valentin Leuthe","Merlin Knaeble","Alexander Maedche","Gerhard Schwabe","A. Sunyaev"],"abstract":"Large language models (LLMs) are prone to hallucinations, i.e., nonsensical, unfaithful, and undesirable text. Users tend to overrely on LLMs and corresponding hallucinations which can lead to misinterpretations and errors. To tackle the problem of overreliance, we propose HILL, the \"Hallucination Identifier for Large Language Models\". First, we identified design features for HILL with a Wizard of Oz approach with nine participants. Subsequently, we implemented HILL based on the identified design features and evaluated HILL’s interface design by surveying 17 participants. Further, we investigated HILL’s functionality to identify hallucinations based on an existing question-answering dataset and five user interviews. We find that HILL can correctly identify and highlight hallucinations in LLM responses which enables users to handle LLM responses with more caution. With that, we propose an easy-to-implement adaptation to existing LLMs and demonstrate the relevance of user-centered designs of AI artifacts.","doi":"10.1145/3613904.3642428","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/24b6b70e1b1525535155cc9fa66dfd9d5d42d6b5","result_position":33,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":274165973,"title":"Do I Know This Entity? Knowledge Awareness and Hallucinations in Language Models","venue":"International Conference on Learning Representations","year":2024,"authors":["Javier Ferrando","Oscar Obeso","Senthooran Rajamanoharan","Neel Nanda"],"abstract":"Hallucinations in large language models are a widespread problem, yet the mechanisms behind whether models will hallucinate are poorly understood, limiting our ability to solve this problem. Using sparse autoencoders as an interpretability tool, we discover that a key part of these mechanisms is entity recognition, where the model detects if an entity is one it can recall facts about. Sparse autoencoders uncover meaningful directions in the representation space, these detect whether the model recognizes an entity, e.g. detecting it doesn't know about an athlete or a movie. This suggests that models can have self-knowledge: internal representations about their own capabilities. These directions are causally relevant: capable of steering the model to refuse to answer questions about known entities, or to hallucinate attributes of unknown entities when it would otherwise refuse. We demonstrate that despite the sparse autoencoders being trained on the base model, these directions have a causal effect on the chat model's refusal behavior, suggesting that chat finetuning has repurposed this existing mechanism. Furthermore, we provide an initial exploration into the mechanistic role of these directions in the model, finding that they disrupt the attention of downstream heads that typically move entity attributes to the final token.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2411.14257","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ee480ff85412144887ab8f48eef37db273d9d952","result_position":34,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":269149201,"title":"Constructing Benchmarks and Interventions for Combating Hallucinations in LLMs","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2024,"authors":["Adi Simhi","Jonathan Herzig","Idan Szpektor","Yonatan Belinkov"],"abstract":"Large language models (LLMs) are prone to hallucinations, which sparked a widespread effort to detect and prevent them. Recent work attempts to mitigate hallucinations by intervening in the model's generation, typically computing representative vectors of hallucinations vs. grounded generations, for steering the model's hidden states away from a hallucinatory state. However, common studies employ different setups and do not properly separate different possible causes of hallucinations, making interventions misguided. In this work, we introduce a method for categorizing examples based on the model's prior knowledge, named WACK. We construct WACK benchmarks that support interventions in two settings: open-book and closed-book question answering. Using the benchmarks, we perform an extensive investigation of the effect of different choices for intervention, such as the intervened components, and how often and how strongly to intervene. We find that intervention success varies depending on the component, with the attention blocks performing well and the residual stream proving detrimental to language modeling capabilities. We also show that interventions can benefit from representative vectors collected before, rather than after, a hallucination occurs. Finally, we introduce a new dynamic intervention, which intervenes only if needed, and thus is more robust than standard static interventions. The code is available at https://github.com/technion-cs-nlp/hallucination-mitigation .","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2404.09971","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8d748af62da9c251ae419a3ee494cd9e656db891","result_position":35,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":272689264,"title":"StruEdit: Structured Outputs Enable the Fast and Accurate Knowledge Editing for Large Language Models","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2024,"authors":["Baolong Bi","Shenghua Liu","Yiwei Wang","Lingrui Mei","Hongcheng Gao","Junfeng Fang","Xueqi Cheng"],"abstract":"As the modern tool of choice for question answering, large language models (LLMs) are expected to deliver answers with up-to-date knowledge. To achieve such ideal question-answering systems, locating and then editing outdated knowledge in the natural language outputs is a general target of popular knowledge editing methods. However, this target is challenging, as both identifying which tokens to edit in the reasoning steps and ensuring the coherence of the revised reasoning chain are difficult tasks. We argue that these challenges stem from the unstructured nature of natural language outputs. To address the above challenges, we propose $\\textbf{Stru}$ctural $\\textbf{Edit}$ing ($\\textbf{StruEdit}$), an improved baseline for knowledge editing. We first prompt LLMs to produce structured outputs consisting of reasoning triplets. Then, StruEdit removes any potentially outdated knowledge and efficiently refills the structured outputs with up-to-date information in a single step. Experimental results show that StruEdit consistently delivers the highest accuracy with lowest latency compared with other knowledge editing methods.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2409.10132","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0155527cbc523bd3a458b91b41b6ba06aa74aebe","result_position":36,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":275516060,"title":"HALoGEN: Fantastic LLM Hallucinations and Where to Find Them","venue":"Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","year":2025,"authors":["Abhilasha Ravichander","Shrusti Ghela","David Wadden","Yejin Choi"],"abstract":"Despite their impressive ability to generate high-quality and fluent text, generative large language models (LLMs) also produce hallucinations: statements that are misaligned with established world knowledge or provided input context. However, measuring hallucination can be challenging, as having humans verify model generations on-the-fly is both expensive and time-consuming. In this work, we release HALoGEN, a comprehensive hallucination benchmark consisting of: (1) 10,923 prompts for generative models spanning nine domains including programming, scientific attribution, and summarization, and (2) automatic high-precision verifiers for each use case that decompose LLM generations into atomic units, and verify each unit against a high-quality knowledge source. We use this framework to evaluate ~150,000 generations from 14 language models, finding that even the best-performing models are riddled with hallucinations (sometimes up to 86% of generated atomic facts depending on the domain). We further define a novel error classification for LLM hallucinations based on whether they likely stem from incorrect recollection of training data (Type A errors), or incorrect knowledge in training data (Type B errors), or are fabrication (Type C errors). We hope our framework provides a foundation to enable the principled study of why generative models hallucinate, and advances the development of trustworthy large language models.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2501.08292","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7486325fbf143d1dab5a99094da23a0a7dc7e41b","result_position":37,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":276575942,"title":"The Law of Knowledge Overshadowing: Towards Understanding, Predicting, and Preventing LLM Hallucination","venue":"Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","year":2025,"authors":["Yuji Zhang","Sha Li","Cheng Qian","Jiateng Liu","Pengfei Yu","Chi Han","Y. Fung","Kathleen McKeown","ChengXiang Zhai","Manling Li","Heng Ji"],"abstract":"Hallucination is a persistent challenge in large language models (LLMs), where even with rigorous quality control, models often generate distorted facts. This paradox, in which error generation continues despite high-quality training data, calls for a deeper understanding of the underlying LLM mechanisms. To address it, we propose a novel concept: knowledge overshadowing, where model's dominant knowledge can obscure less prominent knowledge during text generation, causing the model to fabricate inaccurate details. Building on this idea, we introduce a novel framework to quantify factual hallucinations by modeling knowledge overshadowing. Central to our approach is the log-linear law, which predicts that the rate of factual hallucination increases linearly with the logarithmic scale of (1) Knowledge Popularity, (2) Knowledge Length, and (3) Model Size. The law provides a means to preemptively quantify hallucinations, offering foresight into their occurrence even before model training or inference. Built on overshadowing effect, we propose a new decoding strategy CoDa, to mitigate hallucinations, which notably enhance model factuality on Overshadow (27.9%), MemoTrap (13.1%) and NQ-Swap (18.3%). Our findings not only deepen understandings of the underlying mechanisms behind hallucinations but also provide actionable insights for developing more predictable and controllable language models.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2502.16143","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5820d93851147471cdab0cf87aac6174c7bb1713","result_position":38,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":276617852,"title":"SOK: Exploring Hallucinations and Security Risks in AI-Assisted Software Development with Insights for LLM Deployment","venue":"International Conference on Intelligent Data Science Technologies and Applications","year":2025,"authors":["Mohd Ariful Haque","Sunzida Siddique","Md. Mahfuzur Rahman","Ahmed Rafi Hasan","Laxmi Rani Das","Marufa Kamal","Tasnim Masura","K. Gupta"],"abstract":"The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GitHub Copilot, ChatGPT, Cursor AI, and Codeium AI into software development has revolutionized the coding landscape, offering significant productivity gains, automation, and enhanced debugging capabilities. These tools have proven invaluable for generating code snippets, refactoring existing code, and providing real-time support to developers. However, their widespread adoption also presents notable challenges, particularly in terms of security vulnerabilities, code quality, and ethical concerns. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the benefits and risks associated with AI-powered coding tools, drawing on user feedback, security analyses, and practical use cases. We explore the potential for these tools to replicate insecure coding practices, introduce biases, and generate incorrect or non-sensical code (hallucinations). In addition, we discuss the risks of data leaks, intellectual property violations, and the need for robust security measures to mitigate these threats. By comparing the features and performance of these tools, we aim to guide developers in making informed decisions about their use, ensuring that the benefits of AI-assisted coding are maximized while minimizing associated risks.","doi":"10.1109/IDSTA66210.2025.11202778","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b8f658e6b187556303fbe8611237eafbfd4c2d6e","result_position":39,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":275789766,"title":"OnionEval: An Unified Evaluation of Fact-conflicting Hallucination for Small-Large Language Models","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Chongren Sun","Yuran Li","Di Wu","Benoit Boulet"],"abstract":"Large Language Models (LLMs) are highly capable but require significant computational resources for both training and inference. Within the LLM family, smaller models (those with fewer than 10 billion parameters) also perform well across various tasks. However, these smaller models share similar limitations to their larger counterparts, including the tendency to hallucinate. Despite the existence of many benchmarks to evaluate hallucination in LLMs, few have specifically focused on small LLMs (SLLMs). Additionally, SLLMs show widely varying performance across different benchmarks. In this paper, we introduce OnionEval, a multi-layer structured framework with a specific metric called the context-influence score (CI), designed to effectively assess the fact-conflicting hallucination tendencies of small LLMs across different contextual levels. Our experimental results reveal a key feature of SLLMs: they excel in factual analysis but face challenges with context reasoning. Further investigation shows that a simple Chain-of-Thought strategy can significantly reduce these limitations, improving the practical usefulness of SLLMs in real-world applications.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2501.12975","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ad4788a00f022412b687e019e20792c91688da1d","result_position":40,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":277244106,"title":"Poly-FEVER: A Multilingual Fact Verification Benchmark for Hallucination Detection in Large Language Models","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Hanzhi Zhang","Sumera Anjum","Heng Fan","Weijian Zheng","Yan Huang","Yunhe Feng"],"abstract":"Hallucinations in generative AI, particularly in Large Language Models (LLMs), pose a significant challenge to the reliability of multilingual applications. Existing benchmarks for hallucination detection focus primarily on English and a few widely spoken languages, lacking the breadth to assess inconsistencies in model performance across diverse linguistic contexts. To address this gap, we introduce Poly-FEVER, a large-scale multilingual fact verification benchmark specifically designed for evaluating hallucination detection in LLMs. Poly-FEVER comprises 77,973 labeled factual claims spanning 11 languages, sourced from FEVER, Climate-FEVER, and SciFact. It provides the first large-scale dataset tailored for analyzing hallucination patterns across languages, enabling systematic evaluation of LLMs such as ChatGPT and the LLaMA series. Our analysis reveals how topic distribution and web resource availability influence hallucination frequency, uncovering language-specific biases that impact model accuracy. By offering a multilingual benchmark for fact verification, Poly-FEVER facilitates cross-linguistic comparisons of hallucination detection and contributes to the development of more reliable, language-inclusive AI systems. The dataset is publicly available to advance research in responsible AI, fact-checking methodologies, and multilingual NLP, promoting greater transparency and robustness in LLM performance. The proposed Poly-FEVER is available at: https://huggingface.co/datasets/HanzhiZhang/Poly-FEVER.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2503.16541","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/12fe49b9e945bc60fdbd7a6b4fe220acc7a68070","result_position":41,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":277955622,"title":"aiXamine: Simplified LLM Safety and Security","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Fatih Deniz","Dorde Popovic","Yazan Boshmaf","Euisuh Jeong","M. Ahmad","Sanjay Chawla","Issa M. Khalil"],"abstract":"Evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) for safety and security remains a complex task, often requiring users to navigate a fragmented landscape of ad hoc benchmarks, datasets, metrics, and reporting formats. To address this challenge, we present aiXamine, a comprehensive black-box evaluation platform for LLM safety and security. aiXamine integrates over 40 tests (i.e., benchmarks) organized into eight key services targeting specific dimensions of safety and security: adversarial robustness, code security, fairness and bias, hallucination, model and data privacy, out-of-distribution (OOD) robustness, over-refusal, and safety alignment. The platform aggregates the evaluation results into a single detailed report per model, providing a detailed breakdown of model performance, test examples, and rich visualizations. We used aiXamine to assess over 50 publicly available and proprietary LLMs, conducting over 2K examinations. Our findings reveal notable vulnerabilities in leading models, including susceptibility to adversarial attacks in OpenAI's GPT-4o, biased outputs in xAI's Grok-3, and privacy weaknesses in Google's Gemini 2.0. Additionally, we observe that open-source models can match or exceed proprietary models in specific services such as safety alignment, fairness and bias, and OOD robustness. Finally, we identify trade-offs between distillation strategies, model size, training methods, and architectural choices.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2504.14985","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/44bdc231a8a031eafacf8ee0fc3ae64b4a5d6442","result_position":42,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":277313647,"title":"KSHSeek: Data-Driven Approaches to Mitigating and Detecting Knowledge-Shortcut Hallucinations in Generative Models","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Zhiwei Wang","Zhongxin Liu","Ying Li","Hongyu Sun","Meng Xu","Yuqing Zhang"],"abstract":"The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has significantly advanced the development of natural language processing (NLP), especially in text generation tasks like question answering. However, model hallucinations remain a major challenge in natural language generation (NLG) tasks due to their complex causes. We systematically expand on the causes of factual hallucinations from the perspective of knowledge shortcuts, analyzing hallucinations arising from correct and defect-free data and demonstrating that knowledge-shortcut hallucinations are prevalent in generative models. To mitigate this issue, we propose a high similarity pruning algorithm at the data preprocessing level to reduce spurious correlations in the data. Additionally, we design a specific detection method for knowledge-shortcut hallucinations to evaluate the effectiveness of our mitigation strategy. Experimental results show that our approach effectively reduces knowledge-shortcut hallucinations, particularly in fine-tuning tasks, without negatively impacting model performance in question answering. This work introduces a new paradigm for mitigating specific hallucination issues in generative models, enhancing their robustness and reliability in real-world applications.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2503.19482","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/604a4cfa09bb31e5cbe7dfc771e139841f88a9e6","result_position":43,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":267199818,"title":"Towards Trustable Language Models: Investigating Information Quality of Large Language Models","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2024,"authors":["Rick Rejeleene","Xiaowei Xu","John R. Talburt"],"abstract":"Large language models (LLM) are generating information at a rapid pace, requiring users to increasingly rely and trust the data. Despite remarkable advances of LLM, Information generated by LLM is not completely trustworthy, due to challenges in information quality. Specifically, integrity of Information quality decreases due to unreliable, biased, tokenization during pre-training of LLM. Moreover, due to decreased information quality issues, has led towards hallucination, fabricated information. Unreliable information can lead towards flawed decisions in businesses, which impacts economic activity. In this work, we introduce novel mathematical information quality evaluation of LLM, we furthermore analyze and highlight information quality challenges, scaling laws to systematically scale language models.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2401.13086","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0422493dc3a70816bb5d327c4c67094f64a78c98","result_position":44,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":270562515,"title":"On-Policy Self-Alignment with Fine-grained Knowledge Feedback for Hallucination Mitigation","venue":"Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","year":2024,"authors":["Xueru Wen","Xinyu Lu","Xinyan Guan","Yaojie Lu","Hongyu Lin","Ben He","Xianpei Han","Le Sun"],"abstract":"Hallucination occurs when large language models exhibit behavior that deviates from the boundaries of their knowledge during response generation. To address this critical issue, previous learning-based methods attempt to finetune models but are limited by off-policy sampling and coarse-grained feedback. In this paper, we present \\textit{\\b{R}einforcement \\b{L}earning \\b{f}or \\b{H}allucination} (RLFH), an on-policy self-alignment approach that enables LLMs to actively explore their knowledge boundaries and self-correct generation behavior through fine-grained feedback signals. RLFH introduces a self-assessment framework where the policy serves as its own judge. Through this framework, responses are automatically decomposed into atomic facts and their truthfulness and informativeness are assessed against external knowledge sources. The resulting fine-grained feedback at the statement level are then converted into token-level dense reward signals. This enables online reinforcement learning to achieve precise and timely optimization without human intervention. Comprehensive evaluations on HotpotQA, SQuADv2, and Biography benchmarks validate RLFH's effectiveness in hallucination mitigation.","doi":"10.18653/v1/2025.findings-acl.271","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5e7ba486300aca27f6103dbcbeaac940e7edf5c3","result_position":45,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":273821471,"title":"VERITAS: A Unified Approach to Reliability Evaluation","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2024,"authors":["Rajkumar Ramamurthy","M. Rajeev","Oliver Molenschot","James Zou","Nazneen Rajani"],"abstract":"Large language models (LLMs) often fail to synthesize information from their context to generate an accurate response. This renders them unreliable in knowledge intensive settings where reliability of the output is key. A critical component for reliable LLMs is the integration of a robust fact-checking system that can detect hallucinations across various formats. While several open-access fact-checking models are available, their functionality is often limited to specific tasks, such as grounded question-answering or entailment verification, and they perform less effectively in conversational settings. On the other hand, closed-access models like GPT-4 and Claude offer greater flexibility across different contexts, including grounded dialogue verification, but are hindered by high costs and latency. In this work, we introduce VERITAS, a family of hallucination detection models designed to operate flexibly across diverse contexts while minimizing latency and costs. VERITAS achieves state-of-the-art results considering average performance on all major hallucination detection benchmarks, with $10\\%$ increase in average performance when compared to similar-sized models and get close to the performance of GPT4 turbo with LLM-as-a-judge setting.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2411.03300","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/52269391f48885ad440809962f27b9022d3ee4ba","result_position":46,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":271310469,"title":"Internal Consistency and Self-Feedback in Large Language Models: A Survey","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2024,"authors":["Xun Liang","Shichao Song","Zifan Zheng","Hanyu Wang","Qingchen Yu","Xunkai Li","Ronghua Li","Feiyu Xiong","Zhiyu Li"],"abstract":"Large language models (LLMs) often exhibit deficient reasoning or generate hallucinations. To address these, studies prefixed with\"Self-\"such as Self-Consistency, Self-Improve, and Self-Refine have been initiated. They share a commonality: involving LLMs evaluating and updating themselves. Nonetheless, these efforts lack a unified perspective on summarization, as existing surveys predominantly focus on categorization. In this paper, we use a unified perspective of internal consistency, offering explanations for reasoning deficiencies and hallucinations. Internal consistency refers to the consistency in expressions among LLMs' latent, decoding, or response layers based on sampling methodologies. Then, we introduce an effective theoretical framework capable of mining internal consistency, named Self-Feedback. This framework consists of two modules: Self-Evaluation and Self-Update. The former captures internal consistency signals, while the latter leverages the signals to enhance either the model's response or the model itself. This framework has been employed in numerous studies. We systematically classify these studies by tasks and lines of work; summarize relevant evaluation methods and benchmarks; and delve into the concern,\"Does Self-Feedback Really Work?\"We also propose several critical viewpoints, including the\"Hourglass Evolution of Internal Consistency\",\"Consistency Is (Almost) Correctness\"hypothesis, and\"The Paradox of Latent and Explicit Reasoning\". The relevant resources are open-sourced at https://github.com/IAAR-Shanghai/ICSFSurvey.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2407.14507","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3a588665fb59801fcbdce825ed7a4cf59984567f","result_position":47,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":267627389,"title":"A Survey on Large Language Model Hallucination via a Creativity Perspective","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2024,"authors":["Xuhui Jiang","Yuxing Tian","Fengrui Hua","Chengjin Xu","Yuanzhuo Wang","Jian Guo"],"abstract":"Hallucinations in large language models (LLMs) are always seen as limitations. However, could they also be a source of creativity? This survey explores this possibility, suggesting that hallucinations may contribute to LLM application by fostering creativity. This survey begins with a review of the taxonomy of hallucinations and their negative impact on LLM reliability in critical applications. Then, through historical examples and recent relevant theories, the survey explores the potential creative benefits of hallucinations in LLMs. To elucidate the value and evaluation criteria of this connection, we delve into the definitions and assessment methods of creativity. Following the framework of divergent and convergent thinking phases, the survey systematically reviews the literature on transforming and harnessing hallucinations for creativity in LLMs. Finally, the survey discusses future research directions, emphasizing the need to further explore and refine the application of hallucinations in creative processes within LLMs.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2402.06647","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/92e9469197a53e82f42b66876b221aaa25d07292","result_position":48,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":269009978,"title":"The Hallucinations Leaderboard - An Open Effort to Measure Hallucinations in Large Language Models","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2024,"authors":["Giwon Hong","Aryo Pradipta Gema","Rohit Saxena","Xiaotang Du","Ping Nie","Yu Zhao","Laura Perez-Beltrachini","Max Ryabinin","Xuanli He","Pasquale Minervini"],"abstract":"Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed the Natural Language Processing (NLP) landscape with their remarkable ability to understand and generate human-like text. However, these models are prone to ``hallucinations'' -- outputs that do not align with factual reality or the input context. This paper introduces the Hallucinations Leaderboard, an open initiative to quantitatively measure and compare the tendency of each model to produce hallucinations. The leaderboard uses a comprehensive set of benchmarks focusing on different aspects of hallucinations, such as factuality and faithfulness, across various tasks, including question-answering, summarisation, and reading comprehension. Our analysis provides insights into the performance of different models, guiding researchers and practitioners in choosing the most reliable models for their applications.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2404.05904","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/786f8f73415f3d67312427743ccd2d5016479496","result_position":49,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":277781064,"title":"Enhancing Mathematical Reasoning in Large Language Models with Self-Consistency-Based Hallucination Detection","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Mingshan Liu","Shi Bo","Jialing Fang"],"abstract":"Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong mathematical reasoning capabilities but remain susceptible to hallucinations producing plausible yet incorrect statements especially in theorem proving, symbolic manipulation, and numerical computation. While self-consistency (SC) has been explored as a means to improve factuality in LLMs, existing approaches primarily apply SC to final-answer selection, neglecting the logical consistency of intermediate reasoning steps. In this work, we introduce a structured self-consistency framework designed to enhance the reliability of mathematical reasoning. Our method enforces self-consistency across intermediate steps and final outputs, reducing logical inconsistencies and hallucinations. We evaluate our approach across three core mathematical tasks: theorem proving, symbolic transformation, and numerical computation. Experimental results demonstrate that SC significantly improves proof validity, symbolic reasoning accuracy, and numerical stability while maintaining computational efficiency. Further analysis reveals that structured self-consistency not only enhances problem-solving accuracy but also reduces the variance of model-generated outputs. These findings highlight self-consistency as a robust mechanism for improving mathematical reasoning in LLMs, paving the way for more reliable and interpretable AI-driven mathematics.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2504.09440","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/55b193ab7967fb20a8a05f878ac85bf48c9fc615","result_position":50,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":271328537,"title":"Developing a Reliable, Fast, General-Purpose Hallucination Detection and Mitigation Service","venue":"North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics","year":2024,"authors":["Song Wang","Xun Wang","Jie Mei","Yujia Xie","Sihan Chen","Wayne Xiong"],"abstract":"Hallucination, a phenomenon where large language models (LLMs) produce output that is factually incorrect or unrelated to the input, is a major challenge for LLM applications that require accuracy and dependability. In this paper, we introduce a reliable and high-speed production system aimed at detecting and rectifying the hallucination issue within LLMs. Our system encompasses named entity recognition (NER), natural language inference (NLI), span-based detection (SBD), and an intricate decision tree-based process to reliably detect a wide range of hallucinations in LLM responses. Furthermore, we have crafted a rewriting mechanism that maintains an optimal mix of precision, response time, and cost-effectiveness. We detail the core elements of our framework and underscore the paramount challenges tied to response time, availability, and performance metrics, which are crucial for real-world deployment of these technologies. Our extensive evaluation, utilizing offline data and live production traffic, confirms the efficacy of our proposed framework and service.","doi":"10.18653/v1/2025.naacl-industry.72","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/49504a51f3d947248d6efbb93ad5979300f0d912","result_position":51,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":273374947,"title":"Iter-AHMCL: Alleviate Hallucination for Large Language Model via Iterative Model-level Contrastive Learning","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2024,"authors":["Huiwen Wu","Xiaohan Li","Xiaogang Xu","Jiafei Wu","Deyi Zhang","Zhe Liu"],"abstract":"The development of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly advanced various AI applications in commercial and scientific research fields, such as scientific literature summarization, writing assistance, and knowledge graph construction. However, a significant challenge is the high risk of hallucination during LLM inference, which can lead to security concerns like factual inaccuracies, inconsistent information, and fabricated content. To tackle this issue, it is essential to develop effective methods for reducing hallucination while maintaining the original capabilities of the LLM. This paper introduces a novel approach called Iterative Model-level Contrastive Learning (Iter-AHMCL) to address hallucination. This method modifies the representation layers of pre-trained LLMs by using contrastive `positive' and `negative' models, trained on data with and without hallucinations. By leveraging the differences between these two models, we create a more straightforward pathway to eliminate hallucinations, and the iterative nature of contrastive learning further enhances performance. Experimental validation on four pre-trained foundation LLMs (LLaMA2, Alpaca, LLaMA3, and Qwen) finetuning with a specially designed dataset shows that our approach achieves an average improvement of 10.1 points on the TruthfulQA benchmark. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of Iter-AHMCL in reducing hallucination while maintaining the general capabilities of LLMs.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2410.12130","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bdfb6a8add335f5e29d4391f62e433e2cf989f83","result_position":52,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":271923983,"title":"Interactive DualChecker for Mitigating Hallucinations in Distilling Large Language Models","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2024,"authors":["Meiyun Wang","Masahiro Suzuki","Hiroki Sakaji","Kiyoshi Izumi"],"abstract":"Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities across various machine learning (ML) tasks. Given the high costs of creating annotated datasets for supervised learning, LLMs offer a valuable alternative by enabling effective few-shot in-context learning. However, these models can produce hallucinations, particularly in domains with incomplete knowledge. Additionally, current methods for knowledge distillation using LLMs often struggle to enhance the effectiveness of both teacher and student models. To address these challenges, we introduce DualChecker, an innovative framework designed to mitigate hallucinations and improve the performance of both teacher and student models during knowledge distillation. DualChecker employs ContextAligner to ensure that the context provided by teacher models aligns with human labeling standards. It also features a dynamic checker system that enhances model interaction: one component re-prompts teacher models with more detailed content when they show low confidence, and another identifies borderline cases from student models to refine the teaching templates. This interactive process promotes continuous improvement and effective knowledge transfer between the models. We evaluate DualChecker using a green innovation textual dataset that includes binary, multiclass, and token classification tasks. The experimental results show that DualChecker significantly outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods, achieving up to a 17% improvement in F1 score for teacher models and 10% for student models. Notably, student models fine-tuned with LLM predictions perform comparably to those fine-tuned with actual data, even in a challenging domain. We make all datasets, models, and code from this research publicly available.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2408.12326","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ab5692fbecbed9a5115ee6104d59d82178bc1b50","result_position":53,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":266149709,"title":"HALO: an ontology for representing and categorizing hallucinations in large language models","venue":"Defense + Commercial Sensing","year":2023,"authors":["Navapat Nananukul","M. Kejriwal"],"abstract":"Recent progress in generative AI, including Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, has opened up significant opportunities in fields ranging from natural language processing to knowledge discovery and data mining. However, there is also a growing awareness that the models can be prone to problems such as making information up or ‘hallucinations’, and faulty reasoning on seemingly simple problems. Because of the popularity of models like ChatGPT, both academic scholars and citizen scientists have documented hallucinations of several different types and severity. Despite this body of work, a formal model for describing and representing these hallucinations (with relevant meta-data) at a fine-grained level, is still lacking. In this paper, we address this gap by presenting the Hallucination Ontology or HALO, a formal, extensible ontology written in OWL that currently offers support for six different types of hallucinations known to arise in LLMs, along with support for provenance and experimental metadata. We also collect and publish a dataset containing hallucinations that we inductively gathered across multiple independent Web sources and show that HALO can be successfully used to model this dataset and answer competency questions.","doi":"10.1117/12.3014048","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5682fc5ee0218858d8de9908c1be4c754f316625","result_position":54,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":270615909,"title":"Detecting hallucinations in large language models using semantic entropy","venue":"Nature","year":2024,"authors":["Sebastian Farquhar","Jannik Kossen","Lorenz Kuhn","Y. Gal"],"abstract":"Large language model (LLM) systems, such as ChatGPT1 or Gemini2, can show impressive reasoning and question-answering capabilities but often ‘hallucinate’ false outputs and unsubstantiated answers3,4. Answering unreliably or without the necessary information prevents adoption in diverse fields, with problems including fabrication of legal precedents5 or untrue facts in news articles6 and even posing a risk to human life in medical domains such as radiology7. Encouraging truthfulness through supervision or reinforcement has been only partially successful8. Researchers need a general method for detecting hallucinations in LLMs that works even with new and unseen questions to which humans might not know the answer. Here we develop new methods grounded in statistics, proposing entropy-based uncertainty estimators for LLMs to detect a subset of hallucinations—confabulations—which are arbitrary and incorrect generations. Our method addresses the fact that one idea can be expressed in many ways by computing uncertainty at the level of meaning rather than specific sequences of words. Our method works across datasets and tasks without a priori knowledge of the task, requires no task-specific data and robustly generalizes to new tasks not seen before. By detecting when a prompt is likely to produce a confabulation, our method helps users understand when they must take extra care with LLMs and opens up new possibilities for using LLMs that are otherwise prevented by their unreliability. Hallucinations (confabulations) in large language model systems can be tackled by measuring uncertainty about the meanings of generated responses rather than the text itself to improve question-answering accuracy.","doi":"10.1038/s41586-024-07421-0","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f82f49c20c6acc69f884f05e3a9f1ceea91061ce","result_position":55,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":248227301,"title":"On the Origin of Hallucinations in Conversational Models: Is it the Datasets or the Models?","venue":"North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics","year":2022,"authors":["Nouha Dziri","Sivan Milton","Mo Yu","Osmar R Zaiane","Siva Reddy"],"abstract":"Knowledge-grounded conversational models are known to suffer from producing factually invalid statements, a phenomenon commonly called hallucination. In this work, we investigate the underlying causes of this phenomenon: is hallucination due to the training data, or to the models? We conduct a comprehensive human study on both existing knowledge-grounded conversational benchmarks and several state-of-the-art models. Our study reveals that the standard benchmarks consist of > 60% hallucinated responses, leading to models that not only hallucinate but even amplify hallucinations. Our findings raise important questions on the quality of existing datasets and models trained using them. We make our annotations publicly available for future research.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2204.07931","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e9f28c98a00766e484810598886cf48b0de66cfa","result_position":56,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":267069207,"title":"Hallucination is Inevitable: An Innate Limitation of Large Language Models","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2024,"authors":["Ziwei Xu","Sanjay Jain","Mohan Kankanhalli"],"abstract":"Hallucination has been widely recognized to be a significant drawback for large language models (LLMs). There have been many works that attempt to reduce the extent of hallucination. These efforts have mostly been empirical so far, which cannot answer the fundamental question whether it can be completely eliminated. In this paper, we formalize the problem and show that it is impossible to eliminate hallucination in LLMs. Specifically, we define a formal world where hallucination is defined as inconsistencies between a computable LLM and a computable ground truth function. By employing results from learning theory, we show that LLMs cannot learn all the computable functions and will therefore inevitably hallucinate if used as general problem solvers. Since the formal world is a part of the real world which is much more complicated, hallucinations are also inevitable for real world LLMs. Furthermore, for real world LLMs constrained by provable time complexity, we describe the hallucination-prone tasks and empirically validate our claims. Finally, using the formal world framework, we discuss the possible mechanisms and efficacies of existing hallucination mitigators as well as the practical implications on the safe deployment of LLMs.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2401.11817","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5cd671efa2af8456c615c5faf54d1be4950f3819","result_position":57,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":263831293,"title":"The Troubling Emergence of Hallucination in Large Language Models - An Extensive Definition, Quantification, and Prescriptive Remediations","venue":"Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","year":2023,"authors":["Vipula Rawte","Swagata Chakraborty","Agnibh Pathak","Anubhav Sarkar","S.M. Towhidul Islam Tonmoy","Islam Tonmoy","Aman Chadha","Amit P. Sheth","Amitava Das","Paris","A. Sridhar","Erik Visser","Improved","Jianlin Su","Yu Lu","Shengfeng Pan","Ahmed Murtadha","Bo Wen","Yunfeng Liu","Roformer","Rohan Taori","Ishaan Gulrajani","Tianyi Zhang","Yann Dubois","Xuechen Li","Carlos Guestrin","Percy Liang","Tatsunori Hashimoto","Stanford","Hugo Touvron","Thibaut Lavril","Gautier Izacard","X. Martinet","M. Lachaux","Timothée Lacroix","Baptiste Rozière","Naman Goyal","Eric Hambro","Faisal Azhar","Aur'elien Rodriguez","Armand Joulin","Thomas Wolf","Lysandre Debut","Victor Sanh","Julien Chaumond","Clement Delangue","Anthony Moi","Pierric Cistac","Tim Rault","Rémi Louf","Morgan Funtow-icz","Joe Davison","Sam Shleifer","Patrick von Platen","Clara Ma","Yacine Jernite","J. Plu","Canwen Xu","Teven Le Scao","Sylvain Gugger","Mariama Drame","Quentin Lhoest","Susan Zhang","Stephen Roller","Mikel Artetxe","Moya Chen","Shuohui Chen","Christopher De-wan","Mona T. Diab","Xi Xian Li","Todor Victoria Lin","Myle Ott","Kurt Shuster","Punit Daniel Simig","S. Koura","Anjali Sridhar","Tianlu Wang","Luke Zettlemoyer. 2022","Daniel M. Ziegler","Nisan Stiennon","Jeffrey Wu","Tom B. Brown","Alec Radford","Dario Amodei","Paul F. Chris-tiano"],"abstract":"The recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have garnered widespread acclaim for their remarkable emerging capabilities. However, the issue of hallucination has parallelly emerged as a by-product, posing significant concerns. While some recent endeavors have been made to identify and mitigate different types of hallucination, there has been a limited emphasis on the nuanced categorization of hallucination and associated mitigation methods. To address this gap, we offer a fine-grained discourse on profiling hallucination based on its degree, orientation, and category, along with offering strategies for alleviation. As such, we define two overarching orientations of hallucination: (i) factual mirage (FM) and (ii) silver lining (SL). To provide a more comprehensive understanding, both orientations are further sub-categorized into intrinsic and extrinsic, with three degrees of severity - (i) mild, (ii) moderate, and (iii) alarming. We also meticulously categorize hallucination into six types: (i) acronym ambiguity, (ii) numeric nuisance, (iii) generated golem, (iv) virtual voice, (v) geographic erratum, and (vi) time wrap. Furthermore, we curate HallucInation eLiciTation (HILT), a publicly available dataset comprising of 75,000 samples generated using 15 contemporary LLMs along with human annotations for the aforementioned categories. Finally, to establish a method for quantifying and to offer a comparative spectrum that allows us to evaluate and rank LLMs based on their vulnerability to producing hallucinations, we propose Hallucination Vulnerability Index (HVI). We firmly believe that HVI holds significant value as a tool for the wider NLP community, with the potential to serve as a rubric in AI-related policy-making. In conclusion, we propose two solution strategies for mitigating hallucinations.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2310.04988","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/99bfe503743c5ec8e16e50ab8438159cdb533a89","result_position":58,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":266690886,"title":"Truth Forest: Toward Multi-Scale Truthfulness in Large Language Models through Intervention without Tuning","venue":"AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","year":2023,"authors":["Zhongzhi Chen","Xingwu Sun","Xianfeng Jiao","Fengzong Lian","Zhanhui Kang","Di Wang","Chengzhong Xu"],"abstract":"Despite the great success of large language models (LLMs) in various tasks, they suffer from generating hallucinations. We introduce Truth Forest, a method that enhances truthfulness in LLMs by uncovering hidden truth representations using multi-dimensional orthogonal probes. Specifically, it creates multiple orthogonal bases for modeling truth by incorporating orthogonal constraints into the probes. Moreover, we introduce Random Peek, a systematic technique considering an extended range of positions within the sequence, reducing the gap between discerning and generating truth features in LLMs. By employing this approach, we improved the truthfulness of Llama-2-7B from 40.8% to 74.5% on TruthfulQA. Likewise, significant improvements are observed in fine-tuned models. We conducted a thorough analysis of truth features using probes. Our visualization results show that orthogonal probes capture complementary truth-related features, forming well-defined clusters that reveal the inherent structure of the dataset.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2312.17484","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a8c0ae1b4f831f4adf4b131ead26229df871534c","result_position":59,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":267657805,"title":"Self-Alignment for Factuality: Mitigating Hallucinations in LLMs via Self-Evaluation","venue":"Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","year":2024,"authors":["Xiaoying Zhang","Baolin Peng","Ye Tian","Jingyan Zhou","Lifeng Jin","Linfeng Song","Haitao Mi","Helen M. Meng"],"abstract":"Despite showing increasingly human-like abilities, large language models (LLMs) often struggle with factual inaccuracies, i.e.\"hallucinations\", even when they hold relevant knowledge. To address these hallucinations, current approaches typically necessitate high-quality human factuality annotations. In this work, we explore Self-Alignment for Factuality, where we leverage the self-evaluation capability of an LLM to provide training signals that steer the model towards factuality. Specifically, we incorporate Self-Eval, a self-evaluation component, to prompt an LLM to validate the factuality of its own generated responses solely based on its internal knowledge. Additionally, we design Self-Knowledge Tuning (SK-Tuning) to augment the LLM's self-evaluation ability by improving the model's confidence estimation and calibration. We then utilize these self-annotated responses to fine-tune the model via Direct Preference Optimization algorithm. We show that the proposed self-alignment approach substantially enhances factual accuracy over Llama family models across three key knowledge-intensive tasks on TruthfulQA and BioGEN.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2402.09267","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/32c5b515cab893e5e4bf3f90c8b6c8262bd7ac09","result_position":60,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":266844012,"title":"The Dawn After the Dark: An Empirical Study on Factuality Hallucination in Large Language Models","venue":"Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","year":2024,"authors":["Junyi Li","Jie Chen","Ruiyang Ren","Xiaoxue Cheng","Wayne Xin Zhao","Jian-yun Nie","Ji-Rong Wen"],"abstract":"In the era of large language models (LLMs), hallucination (i.e., the tendency to generate factually incorrect content) poses great challenge to trustworthy and reliable deployment of LLMs in real-world applications. To tackle the LLM hallucination, three key questions should be well studied: how to detect hallucinations (detection), why do LLMs hallucinate (source), and what can be done to mitigate them (mitigation). To address these challenges, this work presents a systematic empirical study on LLM hallucination, focused on the the three aspects of hallucination detection, source and mitigation. Specially, we construct a new hallucination benchmark HaluEval 2.0, and designs a simple yet effective detection method for LLM hallucination. Furthermore, we zoom into the different training or utilization stages of LLMs and extensively analyze the potential factors that lead to the LLM hallucination. Finally, we implement and examine a series of widely used techniques to mitigate the hallucinations in LLMs. Our work has led to several important findings to understand the hallucination origin and mitigate the hallucinations in LLMs. Our code and data can be accessed at https://github.com/RUCAIBox/HaluEval-2.0.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2401.03205","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1b387e3fbec0447c8bf2dcee21f6db59cdddf698","result_position":61,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":273638441,"title":"A Debate-Driven Experiment on LLM Hallucinations and Accuracy","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2024,"authors":["Rachel Li","Tanishka Bagade","K. Martinez","F. Yasmin","G. Ayala","Michael Lam","Kevin Zhu"],"abstract":"Large language models (LLMs) have achieved a degree of success in generating coherent and contextually relevant text, yet they remain prone to a significant challenge known as hallucination: producing information that is not substantiated by the input or external knowledge. Previous efforts to mitigate hallucinations have focused on techniques such as fine-tuning models on high-quality datasets, incorporating fact-checking mechanisms, and developing adversarial training methods. While these approaches have shown some promise, they often address the issue at the level of individual model outputs, leaving unexplored the effects of inter-model interactions on hallucination. This study investigates the phenomenon of hallucination in LLMs through a novel experimental framework where multiple instances of GPT-4o-Mini models engage in a debate-like interaction prompted with questions from the TruthfulQA dataset. One model is deliberately instructed to generate plausible but false answers while the other models are asked to respond truthfully. The experiment is designed to assess whether the introduction of misinformation by one model can challenge the truthful majority to better justify their reasoning, improving performance on the TruthfulQA benchmark. The findings suggest that inter-model interactions can offer valuable insights into improving the accuracy and robustness of LLM outputs, complementing existing mitigation strategies.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2410.19485","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/50ac06376e107b3327df97de8928b993392c2036","result_position":62,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":264935057,"title":"Learn to Refuse: Making Large Language Models More Controllable and Reliable through Knowledge Scope Limitation and Refusal Mechanism","venue":"Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","year":2023,"authors":["Lang Cao"],"abstract":"Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive language understanding and generation capabilities, enabling them to answer a wide range of questions across various domains. However, these models are not flawless and often produce responses that contain errors or misinformation. These inaccuracies, commonly referred to as hallucinations, render LLMs unreliable and even unusable in many scenarios. In this paper, our focus is on mitigating the issue of hallucination in LLMs, particularly in the context of question-answering. Instead of attempting to answer all questions, we explore a refusal mechanism that instructs LLMs to refuse to answer challenging questions in order to avoid errors. We then propose a simple yet effective solution called Learn to Refuse (L2R), which incorporates the refusal mechanism to enable LLMs to recognize and refuse to answer questions that they find difficult to address. To achieve this, we utilize a structured knowledge base to represent all the LLM’s understanding of the world, enabling it to provide traceable gold knowledge. This knowledge base is separate from the LLM and initially empty. It can be filled with validated knowledge and progressively expanded. When an LLM encounters questions outside its domain, the system recognizes its knowledge scope and determines whether it can answer the question independently. Additionally, we introduce a method for automatically and efficiently expanding the knowledge base of LLMs. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis, we demonstrate that our approach enhances the controllability and reliability of LLMs.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2311.01041","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/01bf8ade86d33ee2fe08780a51bdf59f9ee171b6","result_position":63,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":270703114,"title":"Semantic Entropy Probes: Robust and Cheap Hallucination Detection in LLMs","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2024,"authors":["Jannik Kossen","Jiatong Han","Muhammed Razzak","L. Schut","Shreshth A. Malik","Y. Gal"],"abstract":"We propose semantic entropy probes (SEPs), a cheap and reliable method for uncertainty quantification in Large Language Models (LLMs). Hallucinations, which are plausible-sounding but factually incorrect and arbitrary model generations, present a major challenge to the practical adoption of LLMs. Recent work by Farquhar et al. (2024) proposes semantic entropy (SE), which can detect hallucinations by estimating uncertainty in the space semantic meaning for a set of model generations. However, the 5-to-10-fold increase in computation cost associated with SE computation hinders practical adoption. To address this, we propose SEPs, which directly approximate SE from the hidden states of a single generation. SEPs are simple to train and do not require sampling multiple model generations at test time, reducing the overhead of semantic uncertainty quantification to almost zero. We show that SEPs retain high performance for hallucination detection and generalize better to out-of-distribution data than previous probing methods that directly predict model accuracy. Our results across models and tasks suggest that model hidden states capture SE, and our ablation studies give further insights into the token positions and model layers for which this is the case.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2406.15927","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/648375ec8d90cb792de76030223539498612102e","result_position":64,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":273233951,"title":"Automatic Curriculum Expert Iteration for Reliable LLM Reasoning","venue":"International Conference on Learning Representations","year":2024,"authors":["Zirui Zhao","Hanze Dong","Amrita Saha","Caiming Xiong","Doyen Sahoo"],"abstract":"Hallucinations (i.e., generating plausible but inaccurate content) and laziness (i.e. excessive refusals or defaulting to\"I don't know\") persist as major challenges in LLM reasoning. Current efforts to reduce hallucinations primarily focus on factual errors in knowledge-grounded tasks, often neglecting hallucinations related to faulty reasoning. Meanwhile, some approaches render LLMs overly conservative, limiting their problem-solving capabilities. To mitigate hallucination and laziness in reasoning tasks, we propose Automatic Curriculum Expert Iteration (Auto-CEI) to enhance LLM reasoning and align responses to the model's capabilities--assertively answering within its limits and declining when tasks exceed them. In our method, Expert Iteration explores the reasoning trajectories near the LLM policy, guiding incorrect paths back on track to reduce compounding errors and improve robustness; it also promotes appropriate\"I don't know\"responses after sufficient reasoning attempts. The curriculum automatically adjusts rewards, incentivizing extended reasoning before acknowledging incapability, thereby pushing the limits of LLM reasoning and aligning its behaviour with these limits. We compare Auto-CEI with various SOTA baselines across logical reasoning, mathematics, and planning tasks, where Auto-CEI achieves superior alignment by effectively balancing assertiveness and conservativeness. The code is available at https://github.com/SalesforceAIResearch/Auto-CEI .","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2410.07627","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f820624b5738ae079cd83980143c958d5c58653b","result_position":65,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":272690216,"title":"HALO: Hallucination Analysis and Learning Optimization to Empower LLMs with Retrieval-Augmented Context for Guided Clinical Decision Making","venue":"IEEE/ACM International Conference on Connected Health: Applications, Systems and Engineering Technologies","year":2024,"authors":["Sumera Anjum","Hanzhi Zhang","Wenjun Zhou","E. Paek","Xiaopeng Zhao","Yunhe Feng"],"abstract":"Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced natural language processing tasks, yet they are susceptible to generating inaccurate or unreliable responses, a phenomenon known as hallucination. In critical domains such as health and medicine, these hallucinations can pose serious risks. This paper introduces HALO, a novel framework designed to enhance the accuracy and reliability of medical question-answering (QA) systems by focusing on the detection and mitigation of hallucinations. Our approach generates multiple variations of a given query using LLMs and retrieves relevant information from external open knowledge bases to enrich the context. We utilize maximum marginal relevance scoring to prioritize the retrieved context, which is then provided to LLMs for answer generation, thereby reducing the risk of hallucinations. The integration of LangChain further streamlines this process, resulting in a notable and robust increase in the accuracy of both open-source and commercial LLMs, such as Llama-3.1 (from 44% to 66%) and ChatGPT (from 56% to 70%). This framework underscores the critical importance of addressing hallucinations in medical QA systems, ultimately improving clinical decision-making and patient care. The open-source HALO is available at: https://github.com/ResponsibleAILab/HALO.","doi":"10.1145/3721201.3721385","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e461e9d183724e86e481ee382084b7d86dec45f6","result_position":66,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":272550910,"title":"LaMsS: When Large Language Models Meet Self-Skepticism","venue":"","year":2024,"authors":["Yetao Wu","Yihong Wang","Teng Chen","Ningyuan Xi","Qingqing Gu","Hongyang Lei","Luo Ji"],"abstract":"Hallucination is a major challenge for large language models (LLMs), preventing their further application in some fields. The skeptical thinking of humankind could be useful for LLMs to self-cognition, self-reflection and alleviate their hallucinations. Inspired by this consideration, we propose a novel approach called LaMsS, which combines the semantic understanding capability of LLMs with self-skepticism. By introducing a series of skepticism tokens and augmenting them into the vocabulary, we conduct both pertaining and finetuning, which allow the LLM to decode each normal token followed by a skeptical token, representing different skepticism levels. By calculating the response skepticism given a query, one can define a new self-aware LLM which is only willing to answer with relative lower skepticism level than the threshold. By examining the accuracy, AUC and AP of willingly answering questions, we demonstrate that LaMsS achieves better performance than baselines on both multi-choice questions and open-domain question-answering benchmarks, and can generalize to multi-task and out-of-domain settings. Our study sheds some lights on the self-skepticism modeling on further artificial intelligence. Project code and model checkpoints can be found in https://anonymous.4open.science/r/SM-1E76.","doi":"","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0bf6adf6e5136abd8a22ea4448b121c72486389a","result_position":67,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":263908902,"title":"Impact of Co-occurrence on Factual Knowledge of Large Language Models","venue":"Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","year":2023,"authors":["Cheongwoong Kang","Jaesik Choi"],"abstract":"Large language models (LLMs) often make factually incorrect responses despite their success in various applications. In this paper, we hypothesize that relying heavily on simple co-occurrence statistics of the pre-training corpora is one of the main factors that cause factual errors. Our results reveal that LLMs are vulnerable to the co-occurrence bias, defined as preferring frequently co-occurred words over the correct answer. Consequently, LLMs struggle to recall facts whose subject and object rarely co-occur in the pre-training dataset although they are seen during finetuning. We show that co-occurrence bias remains despite scaling up model sizes or finetuning. Therefore, we suggest finetuning on a debiased dataset to mitigate the bias by filtering out biased samples whose subject-object co-occurrence count is high. Although debiased finetuning allows LLMs to memorize rare facts in the training set, it is not effective in recalling rare facts unseen during finetuning. Further research in mitigation will help build reliable language models by preventing potential errors. The code is available at \\url{https://github.com/CheongWoong/impact_of_cooccurrence}.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2310.08256","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d8355d1bc02ca6b11125027a5d85d0b32fa30f66","result_position":68,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":272599907,"title":"Securing Large Language Models: Addressing Bias, Misinformation, and Prompt Attacks","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2024,"authors":["Benji Peng","Keyu Chen","Ming Li","Pohsun Feng","Ziqian Bi","Junyu Liu","Qian Niu"],"abstract":"Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities across various fields, yet their increasing use raises critical security concerns. This article reviews recent literature addressing key issues in LLM security, with a focus on accuracy, bias, content detection, and vulnerability to attacks. Issues related to inaccurate or misleading outputs from LLMs is discussed, with emphasis on the implementation from fact-checking methodologies to enhance response reliability. Inherent biases within LLMs are critically examined through diverse evaluation techniques, including controlled input studies and red teaming exercises. A comprehensive analysis of bias mitigation strategies is presented, including approaches from pre-processing interventions to in-training adjustments and post-processing refinements. The article also probes the complexity of distinguishing LLM-generated content from human-produced text, introducing detection mechanisms like DetectGPT and watermarking techniques while noting the limitations of machine learning enabled classifiers under intricate circumstances. Moreover, LLM vulnerabilities, including jailbreak attacks and prompt injection exploits, are analyzed by looking into different case studies and large-scale competitions like HackAPrompt. This review is concluded by retrospecting defense mechanisms to safeguard LLMs, accentuating the need for more extensive research into the LLM security field.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2409.08087","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/521120e989fb89d7cc0fec1a543701752feec31f","result_position":69,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":265157648,"title":"Insights into Classifying and Mitigating LLMs' Hallucinations","venue":"AIxPAC@AI*IA","year":2023,"authors":["Alessandro Bruno","P. Mazzeo","Aladine Chetouani","Marouane Tliba","M. A. Kerkouri"],"abstract":"The widespread adoption of large language models (LLMs) across diverse AI applications is proof of the outstanding achievements obtained in several tasks, such as text mining, text generation, and question answering. However, LLMs are not exempt from drawbacks. One of the most concerning aspects regards the emerging problematic phenomena known as\"Hallucinations\". They manifest in text generation systems, particularly in question-answering systems reliant on LLMs, potentially resulting in false or misleading information propagation. This paper delves into the underlying causes of AI hallucination and elucidates its significance in artificial intelligence. In particular, Hallucination classification is tackled over several tasks (Machine Translation, Question and Answer, Dialog Systems, Summarisation Systems, Knowledge Graph with LLMs, and Visual Question Answer). Additionally, we explore potential strategies to mitigate hallucinations, aiming to enhance the overall reliability of LLMs. Our research addresses this critical issue within the HeReFaNMi (Health-Related Fake News Mitigation) project, generously supported by NGI Search, dedicated to combating Health-Related Fake News dissemination on the Internet. This endeavour represents a concerted effort to safeguard the integrity of information dissemination in an age of evolving AI technologies.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2311.08117","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0c7f6e2d8b4feed05affb9a3e9b2591e19fe461e","result_position":70,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":276776362,"title":"Shakespearean Sparks: The Dance of Hallucination and Creativity in LLMs' Decoding Layers","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Zicong He","Boxuan Zhang","Lu Cheng"],"abstract":"Large language models (LLMs) are known to hallucinate, a phenomenon often linked to creativity. While previous research has primarily explored this connection through theoretical or qualitative lenses, our work takes a quantitative approach to systematically examine the relationship between hallucination and creativity in LLMs. Given the complex nature of creativity, we propose a narrow definition tailored to LLMs and introduce an evaluation framework, HCL, which quantifies Hallucination and Creativity across different Layers of LLMs during decoding. Our empirical analysis reveals a tradeoff between hallucination and creativity that is consistent across layer depth, model type, and model size. Notably, across different model architectures, we identify a specific layer at each model size that optimally balances this tradeoff. Additionally, the optimal layer tends to appear in the early layers of larger models, and the confidence of the model is also significantly higher at this layer. These findings provide a quantitative perspective that offers new insights into the interplay between LLM creativity and hallucination. The code and data for our experiments are available at https://github.com/ZicongHe2002/HCL-Spark.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2503.02851","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b3118180a57ceebb81fa963e0d372b2078ee59fa","result_position":71,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":273654281,"title":"Maintaining Informative Coherence: Migrating Hallucinations in Large Language Models via Absorbing Markov Chains","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2024,"authors":["Jiemin Wu","Songning Lai","Ruiqiang Xiao","Tianlang Xue","Jiayu Yang","Yutao Yue"],"abstract":"Large Language Models (LLMs) are powerful tools for text generation, translation, and summarization, but they often suffer from hallucinations-instances where they fail to maintain the fidelity and coherence of contextual information during decoding, sometimes overlooking critical details due to their sampling strategies and inherent biases from training data and fine-tuning discrepancies. These hallucinations can propagate through the web, affecting the trustworthiness of information disseminated online. To address this issue, we propose a novel decoding strategy that leverages absorbing Markov chains to quantify the significance of contextual information and measure the extent of information loss during generation. By considering all possible paths from the first to the last token, our approach enhances the reliability of model outputs without requiring additional training or external data. Evaluations on datasets including TruthfulQA, FACTOR, and HaluEval highlight the superior performance of our method in mitigating hallucinations, underscoring the necessity of ensuring accurate information flow in web-based applications.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2410.20340","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9b4f310f135c05b2617372fd6794032b16547644","result_position":72,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":275119269,"title":"From Hallucinations to Facts: Enhancing Language Models with Curated Knowledge Graphs","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2024,"authors":["R. Joshi","Sagnik Sengupta","Asif Ekbal"],"abstract":"Hallucination, a persistent challenge plaguing language models, undermines their efficacy and trustworthiness in various natural language processing endeavors by generating responses that deviate from factual accuracy or coherence. This paper addresses language model hallucination by integrating curated knowledge graph (KG) triples to anchor responses in empirical data. We meticulously select and integrate relevant KG triples tailored to specific contexts, enhancing factual grounding and alignment with input. Our contribution involves constructing a comprehensive KG repository from Wikipedia and refining data to spotlight essential information for model training. By imbuing language models with access to this curated knowledge, we aim to generate both linguistically fluent responses and deeply rooted in factual accuracy and context relevance. This integration mitigates hallucinations by providing a robust foundation of information, enabling models to draw upon a rich reservoir of factual data during response generation. Experimental evaluations demonstrate the effectiveness of multiple approaches in reducing hallucinatory responses, underscoring the role of curated knowledge graphs in improving the reliability and trustworthiness of language model outputs.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2412.18672","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9c3ff254d086e1da6363168ae8bf38f4bef5f6f8","result_position":73,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":273877743,"title":"Prompt-Guided Internal States for Hallucination Detection of Large Language Models","venue":"Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","year":2024,"authors":["Fujie Zhang","Peiqi Yu","Biao Yi","Baolei Zhang","Tong Li","Zheli Liu"],"abstract":"Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a variety of tasks in different domains. However, they sometimes generate responses that are logically coherent but factually incorrect or misleading, which is known as LLM hallucinations. Data-driven supervised methods train hallucination detectors by leveraging the internal states of LLMs, but detectors trained on specific domains often struggle to generalize well to other domains. In this paper, we aim to enhance the cross-domain performance of supervised detectors with only in-domain data. We propose a novel framework, prompt-guided internal states for hallucination detection of LLMs, namely PRISM. By utilizing appropriate prompts to guide changes to the structure related to text truthfulness in LLMs' internal states, we make this structure more salient and consistent across texts from different domains. We integrated our framework with existing hallucination detection methods and conducted experiments on datasets from different domains. The experimental results indicate that our framework significantly enhances the cross-domain generalization of existing hallucination detection methods.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2411.04847","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3958a9fb002c400023958de584359902ef1e8a66","result_position":74,"is_clicked":false}],"string":"[\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 267060796,\n \"title\": \"Knowledge Verification to Nip Hallucination in the Bud\",\n \"venue\": \"Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Fanqi Wan\",\n \"Xinting Huang\",\n \"Leyang Cui\",\n \"Xiaojun Quan\",\n \"Wei Bi\",\n \"Shuming Shi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance across various tasks following human alignment, they may still generate responses that sound plausible but contradict factual knowledge, a phenomenon known as hallucination. In this paper, we demonstrate the feasibility of mitigating hallucinations by verifying and minimizing the inconsistency between external knowledge present in the alignment data and the intrinsic knowledge embedded within foundation LLMs. Specifically, we propose a novel approach called Knowledge Consistent Alignment (KCA), which employs a well-aligned LLM to automatically formulate assessments based on external knowledge to evaluate the knowledge boundaries of foundation LLMs. To address knowledge inconsistencies in the alignment data, KCA implements several specific strategies to deal with these data instances. We demonstrate the superior efficacy of KCA in reducing hallucinations across six benchmarks, utilizing foundation LLMs of varying backbones and scales. This confirms the effectiveness of mitigating hallucinations by reducing knowledge inconsistency. Our code, model weights, and data are openly accessible at https://github.com/fanqiwan/KCA.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.18653/v1/2024.emnlp-main.152\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fcee1c19e12f3b7e3595aeba702416d055bdbc3f\",\n \"result_position\": 0,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 271328900,\n \"title\": \"Knowledge Mechanisms in Large Language Models: A Survey and Perspective\",\n \"venue\": \"Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Mengru Wang\",\n \"Yunzhi Yao\",\n \"Ziwen Xu\",\n \"Shuofei Qiao\",\n \"Shumin Deng\",\n \"Peng Wang\",\n \"Xiang Chen\",\n \"Jia-Chen Gu\",\n \"Yong Jiang\",\n \"Pengjun Xie\",\n \"Fei Huang\",\n \"Huajun Chen\",\n \"Ningyu Zhang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Understanding knowledge mechanisms in Large Language Models (LLMs) is crucial for advancing towards trustworthy AGI. This paper reviews knowledge mechanism analysis from a novel taxonomy including knowledge utilization and evolution. Knowledge utilization delves into the mechanism of memorization, comprehension and application, and creation. Knowledge evolution focuses on the dynamic progression of knowledge within individual and group LLMs. Moreover, we discuss what knowledge LLMs have learned, the reasons for the fragility of parametric knowledge, and the potential dark knowledge (hypothesis) that will be challenging to address. We hope this work can help understand knowledge in LLMs and provide insights for future research.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2407.15017\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/65f20ab2481203e3699792d1f00a78df14ee95a8\",\n \"result_position\": 1,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 277435067,\n \"title\": \"Supposedly Equivalent Facts That Aren't? Entity Frequency in Pre-training Induces Asymmetry in LLMs\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yuan He\",\n \"Bailan He\",\n \"Zifeng Ding\",\n \"A. Lupidi\",\n \"Yuqicheng Zhu\",\n \"Shuo Chen\",\n \"Caiqi Zhang\",\n \"Jiaoyan Chen\",\n \"Yunpu Ma\",\n \"Volker Tresp\",\n \"Ian Horrocks\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Understanding and mitigating hallucinations in Large Language Models (LLMs) is crucial for ensuring reliable content generation. While previous research has primarily focused on\\\"when\\\"LLMs hallucinate, our work explains\\\"why\\\"and directly links model behaviour to the pre-training data that forms their prior knowledge. Specifically, we demonstrate that an asymmetry exists in the recognition of logically equivalent facts, which can be attributed to frequency discrepancies of entities appearing as subjects versus objects. Given that most pre-training datasets are inaccessible, we leverage the fully open-source OLMo series by indexing its Dolma dataset to estimate entity frequencies. Using relational facts (represented as triples) from Wikidata5M, we construct probing datasets to isolate this effect. Our experiments reveal that facts with a high-frequency subject and a low-frequency object are better recognised than their inverse, despite their logical equivalence. The pattern reverses in low-to-high frequency settings, and no statistically significant asymmetry emerges when both entities are high-frequency. These findings highlight the influential role of pre-training data in shaping model predictions and provide insights for inferring the characteristics of pre-training data in closed or partially closed LLMs.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2503.22362\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/68a4088c941fd4f46a7b2aec273198380fa2ee9b\",\n \"result_position\": 2,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 273638251,\n \"title\": \"Fictitious Synthetic Data Can Improve LLM Factuality via Prerequisite Learning\",\n \"venue\": \"International Conference on Learning Representations\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yujian Liu\",\n \"Shiyu Chang\",\n \"T. Jaakkola\",\n \"Yang Zhang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Recent studies have identified one aggravating factor of LLM hallucinations as the knowledge inconsistency between pre-training and fine-tuning, where unfamiliar fine-tuning data mislead the LLM to fabricate plausible but wrong outputs. In this paper, we propose a novel fine-tuning strategy called Prereq-Tune to address this knowledge inconsistency and reduce hallucinations. Fundamentally, Prereq-Tune disentangles the learning of skills and knowledge, so the model learns only the task skills without being impacted by the knowledge inconsistency. To achieve this, Prereq-Tune introduces an additional prerequisite learning stage to learn the necessary knowledge for SFT, allowing subsequent SFT to focus only on task skills. Prereq-Tune can also be combined with fictitious synthetic data to enhance the grounding of LLM outputs to their internal knowledge. Experiments show that Prereq-Tune outperforms existing baselines in improving LLM's factuality across short QA and long-form generation tasks. It also opens new possibilities for knowledge-controlled generation in LLMs. Our code is available at https://github.com/UCSB-NLP-Chang/Prereq_tune.git.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2410.19290\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7aadea6eb82077aa48b134b896f40cdbaa13f51b\",\n \"result_position\": 3,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 265067168,\n \"title\": \"A Survey on Hallucination in Large Language Models: Principles, Taxonomy, Challenges, and Open Questions\",\n \"venue\": \"ACM Trans. Inf. Syst.\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Lei Huang\",\n \"Weijiang Yu\",\n \"Weitao Ma\",\n \"Weihong Zhong\",\n \"Zhangyin Feng\",\n \"Haotian Wang\",\n \"Qianglong Chen\",\n \"Weihua Peng\",\n \"Xiaocheng Feng\",\n \"Bing Qin\",\n \"Ting Liu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has marked a significant breakthrough in natural language processing (NLP), fueling a paradigm shift in information acquisition. Nevertheless, LLMs are prone to hallucination, generating plausible yet nonfactual content. This phenomenon raises significant concerns over the reliability of LLMs in real-world information retrieval (IR) systems and has attracted intensive research to detect and mitigate such hallucinations. Given the open-ended general-purpose attributes inherent to LLMs, LLM hallucinations present distinct challenges that diverge from prior task-specific models. This divergence highlights the urgency for a nuanced understanding and comprehensive overview of recent advances in LLM hallucinations. In this survey, we begin with an innovative taxonomy of hallucination in the era of LLM and then delve into the factors contributing to hallucinations. Subsequently, we present a thorough overview of hallucination detection methods and benchmarks. Our discussion then transfers to representative methodologies for mitigating LLM hallucinations. Additionally, we delve into the current limitations faced by retrieval-augmented LLMs in combating hallucinations, offering insights for developing more robust IR systems. Finally, we highlight the promising research directions on LLM hallucinations, including hallucination in large vision-language models and understanding of knowledge boundaries in LLM hallucinations.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1145/3703155\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1e909e2a8cdacdcdff125ebcc566f37cb869a1c8\",\n \"result_position\": 4,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 265019095,\n \"title\": \"SAC3: Reliable Hallucination Detection in Black-Box Language Models via Semantic-aware Cross-check Consistency\",\n \"venue\": \"Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jiaxin Zhang\",\n \"Zhuohang Li\",\n \"Kamalika Das\",\n \"Bradley Malin\",\n \"Kumar Sricharan\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Hallucination detection is a critical step toward understanding the trustworthiness of modern language models (LMs). To achieve this goal, we re-examine existing detection approaches based on the self-consistency of LMs and uncover two types of hallucinations resulting from 1) question-level and 2) model-level, which cannot be effectively identified through self-consistency check alone. Building upon this discovery, we propose a novel sampling-based method, i.e., semantic-aware cross-check consistency (SAC3) that expands on the principle of self-consistency checking. Our SAC3 approach incorporates additional mechanisms to detect both question-level and model-level hallucinations by leveraging advances including semantically equivalent question perturbation and cross-model response consistency checking. Through extensive and systematic empirical analysis, we demonstrate that SAC3 outperforms the state of the art in detecting both non-factual and factual statements across multiple question-answering and open-domain generation benchmarks.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2311.01740\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6af460d34bfc8e955e43fbe15cedcf329b48bc19\",\n \"result_position\": 5,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 267312028,\n \"title\": \"Learning to Trust Your Feelings: Leveraging Self-awareness in LLMs for Hallucination Mitigation\",\n \"venue\": \"KNOWLEDGENLP\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yuxin Liang\",\n \"Zhuoyang Song\",\n \"Hao Wang\",\n \"Jiaxing Zhang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"We evaluate the ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to discern and express their internal knowledge state, a key factor in countering factual hallucination and ensuring reliable application of LLMs. We observe a robust self-awareness of internal knowledge state in LLMs, evidenced by over 85% accuracy in knowledge state probing. However, LLMs often fail to faithfully express their internal knowledge during generation, leading to factual hallucinations. We develop an automated hallucination annotation tool, DreamCatcher, which merges knowledge probing and consistency checking methods to rank factual preference data. Using knowledge preference as reward, We propose a Reinforcement Learning from Knowledge Feedback (RLKF) training framework, leveraging reinforcement learning to enhance the factuality and honesty of LLMs. Our experiments across multiple models show that RLKF training effectively enhances the ability of models to utilize their internal knowledge state, boosting performance in a variety of knowledge-based and honesty-related tasks.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2401.15449\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2751de08d6dbec07f53808231c016e96b075b06c\",\n \"result_position\": 6,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 268793934,\n \"title\": \"On Large Language Models’ Hallucination with Regard to Known Facts\",\n \"venue\": \"North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Che Jiang\",\n \"Biqing Qi\",\n \"Xiangyu Hong\",\n \"Dayuan Fu\",\n \"Yang Cheng\",\n \"Fandong Meng\",\n \"Mo Yu\",\n \"Bowen Zhou\",\n \"Jie Zhou\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large language models are successful in answering factoid questions but are also prone to hallucination.We investigate the phenomenon of LLMs possessing correct answer knowledge yet still hallucinating from the perspective of inference dynamics, an area not previously covered in studies on hallucinations.We are able to conduct this analysis via two key ideas.First, we identify the factual questions that query the same triplet knowledge but result in different answers. The difference between the model behaviors on the correct and incorrect outputs hence suggests the patterns when hallucinations happen.Second, to measure the pattern, we utilize mappings from the residual streams to vocabulary space.We reveal the different dynamics of the output token probabilities along the depths of layers between the correct and hallucinated cases. In hallucinated cases, the output token’s information rarely demonstrates abrupt increases and consistent superiority in the later stages of the model.Leveraging the dynamic curve as a feature, we build a classifier capable of accurately detecting hallucinatory predictions with an 88% success rate. Our study shed light on understanding the reasons for LLMs’ hallucinations on their known facts, and more importantly, on accurately predicting when they are hallucinating.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2403.20009\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d48c56dbce88580736c037797666060cb3b03bf7\",\n \"result_position\": 7,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 269362642,\n \"title\": \"Evaluating Consistency and Reasoning Capabilities of Large Language Models\",\n \"venue\": \"2024 Second International Conference on Data Science and Information System (ICDSIS)\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yash Saxena\",\n \"Sarthak Chopra\",\n \"Arunendra Mani Tripathi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large Language Models (LLMs) are extensively used today across various sectors, including academia, research, business, and finance, for tasks such as text generation, summarization, and translation. Despite their widespread adoption, these models often produce incorrect and misleading information, exhibiting a tendency to hallucinate. This behavior can be attributed to several factors, with consistency and reasoning capabilities being significant contributors. LLMs frequently lack the ability to generate explanations and engage in coherent reasoning, leading to inaccurate responses. Moreover, they exhibit inconsistencies in their outputs. This paper aims to evaluate and compare the consistency and reasoning capabilities of both public and proprietary LLMs. The experiments utilize the Boolq dataset as the ground truth, comprising questions, answers, and corresponding explanations. Queries from the dataset are presented as prompts to the LLMs, and the generated responses are evaluated against the ground truth answers. Additionally, explanations are generated to assess the models’ reasoning abilities. Consistency is evaluated by repeatedly presenting the same query to the models and observing for variations in their responses. For measuring reasoning capabilities, the generated explanations are compared to the ground truth explanations using metrics such as BERT, BLEU, and F-1 scores. The findings reveal that proprietary models generally outperform public models in terms of both consistency and reasoning capabilities. However, even when presented with basic general knowledge questions, none of the models achieved a score of 90% in both consistency and reasoning. This study underscores the direct correlation between consistency and reasoning abilities in LLMs and highlights the inherent reasoning challenges present in current language models.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/ICDSIS61070.2024.10594233\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/db7198d74e5366ff30196972fada0734ee6fabd0\",\n \"result_position\": 8,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 277667246,\n \"title\": \"Enhancing Large Language Models through Neuro-Symbolic Integration and Ontological Reasoning\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ruslan Idelfonso Magaña Vsevolodovna\",\n \"Marco Monti\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities in natural language processing but suffer from inaccuracies and logical inconsistencies known as hallucinations. This compromises their reliability, especially in domains requiring factual accuracy. We propose a neuro-symbolic approach integrating symbolic ontological reasoning and machine learning methods to enhance the consistency and reliability of LLM outputs. Our workflow utilizes OWL ontologies, a symbolic reasoner (e.g., HermiT) for consistency checking, and a lightweight machine learning model (logistic regression) for mapping natural language statements into logical forms compatible with the ontology. When inconsistencies between LLM outputs and the ontology are detected, the system generates explanatory feedback to guide the LLM towards a corrected, logically coherent response in an iterative refinement loop. We present a working Python prototype demonstrating this pipeline. Experimental results in a defined domain suggest significant improvements in semantic coherence and factual accuracy of LLM outputs, showcasing the potential of combining LLM fluency with the rigor of formal semantics.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2504.07640\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1c161fc97b28510620f566bf24cea9373cac093d\",\n \"result_position\": 9,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 270440870,\n \"title\": \"DefAn: Definitive Answer Dataset for LLMs Hallucination Evaluation\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Rahman\",\n \"Saeed Anwar\",\n \"Muhammad Usman\",\n \"Ajmal Mian\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities, revolutionizing the integration of AI in daily life applications. However, they are prone to hallucinations, generating claims that contradict established facts, deviating from prompts, and producing inconsistent responses when the same prompt is presented multiple times. Addressing these issues is challenging due to the lack of comprehensive and easily assessable benchmark datasets. Most existing datasets are small and rely on multiple-choice questions, which are inadequate for evaluating the generative prowess of LLMs. To measure hallucination in LLMs, this paper introduces a comprehensive benchmark dataset comprising over 75,000 prompts across eight domains. These prompts are designed to elicit definitive, concise, and informative answers. The dataset is divided into two segments: one publicly available for testing and assessing LLM performance and a hidden segment for benchmarking various LLMs. In our experiments, we tested six LLMs-GPT-3.5, LLama 2, LLama 3, Gemini, Mixtral, and Zephyr-revealing that overall factual hallucination ranges from 59% to 82% on the public dataset and 57% to 76% in the hidden benchmark. Prompt misalignment hallucination ranges from 6% to 95% in the public dataset and 17% to 94% in the hidden counterpart. Average consistency ranges from 21% to 61% and 22% to 63%, respectively. Domain-wise analysis shows that LLM performance significantly deteriorates when asked for specific numeric information while performing moderately with person, location, and date queries. Our dataset demonstrates its efficacy and serves as a comprehensive benchmark for LLM performance evaluation. Our dataset and LLMs responses are available at \\\\href{https://github.com/ashikiut/DefAn}{https://github.com/ashikiut/DefAn}.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2406.09155\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/03c90140680c6af76bda0e4ece552381944d5cbf\",\n \"result_position\": 10,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 267770351,\n \"title\": \"Hallucinations or Attention Misdirection? The Path to Strategic Value Extraction in Business Using Large Language Models\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Aline Ioste\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large Language Models with transformer architecture have revolutionized the domain of text generation, setting unprecedented benchmarks. Despite their impressive capabilities, LLMs have been criticized for generating outcomes that deviate from factual accuracy or display logical inconsistencies, phenomena commonly referred to as hallucinations. This term, however, has often been misapplied to any results deviating from the instructor's expectations, which this paper defines as attention misdirection rather than true hallucinations. Understanding the distinction between hallucinations and attention misdirection becomes increasingly relevant in business contexts, where the ramifications of such errors can significantly impact the value extraction from these inherently pre-trained models. This paper highlights the best practices of the PGI, Persona, Grouping, and Intelligence, method, a strategic framework that achieved a remarkable error rate of only 3,15 percent across 4,000 responses generated by GPT in response to a real business challenge. It emphasizes that by equipping experimentation with knowledge, businesses can unlock opportunities for innovation through the use of these natively pre-trained models. This reinforces the notion that strategic application grounded in a skilled team can maximize the benefits of emergent technologies such as the LLMs.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2402.14002\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/16bf4961ee318e354d3fafde456e9520450b9724\",\n \"result_position\": 11,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 258887694,\n \"title\": \"Self-contradictory Hallucinations of Large Language Models: Evaluation, Detection and Mitigation\",\n \"venue\": \"International Conference on Learning Representations\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Niels Mündler\",\n \"Jingxuan He\",\n \"Slobodan Jenko\",\n \"Martin T. Vechev\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large language models (large LMs) are susceptible to producing text that contains hallucinated content. An important instance of this problem is self-contradiction, where the LM generates two contradictory sentences within the same context. In this work, we present a comprehensive investigation into self-contradiction for various instruction-tuned LMs, covering evaluation, detection, and mitigation. Our primary evaluation task is open-domain text generation, but we also demonstrate the applicability of our approach to shorter question answering. Our analysis reveals the prevalence of self-contradictions, e.g., in 17.7% of all sentences produced by ChatGPT. We then propose a novel prompting-based framework designed to effectively detect and mitigate self-contradictions. Our detector achieves high accuracy, e.g., around 80% F1 score when prompting ChatGPT. The mitigation algorithm iteratively refines the generated text to remove contradictory information while preserving text fluency and informativeness. Importantly, our entire framework is applicable to black-box LMs and does not require retrieval of external knowledge. Rather, our method complements retrieval-based methods, as a large portion of self-contradictions (e.g., 35.2% for ChatGPT) cannot be verified using online text. Our approach is practically effective and has been released as a push-button tool to benefit the public at https://chatprotect.ai/.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2305.15852\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3dbbe6909d7b53dd49e059c7f61a3613045a8db0\",\n \"result_position\": 12,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 261530162,\n \"title\": \"Siren's Song in the AI Ocean: A Survey on Hallucination in Large Language Models\",\n \"venue\": \"Computational Linguistics\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yue Zhang\",\n \"Yafu Li\",\n \"Leyang Cui\",\n \"Deng Cai\",\n \"Lemao Liu\",\n \"Tingchen Fu\",\n \"Xinting Huang\",\n \"Enbo Zhao\",\n \"Yu Zhang\",\n \"Yulong Chen\",\n \"Longyue Wang\",\n \"A. Luu\",\n \"Wei Bi\",\n \"Freda Shi\",\n \"Shuming Shi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"\\n While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a range of downstream tasks, a significant concern revolves around their propensity to exhibit hallucinations: LLMs occasionally generate content that diverges from the user input, contradicts previously generated context, or misaligns with established world knowledge. This phenomenon poses a substantial challenge to the reliability of LLMs in real-world scenarios. In this paper, we survey recent efforts on the detection, explanation, and mitigation of hallucination, with an emphasis on the unique challenges posed by LLMs. We present taxonomies of the LLM hallucination phenomena and evaluation benchmarks, analyze existing approaches aiming at mitigating LLM hallucination, and discuss potential directions for future research.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1162/coli.a.16\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d00735241af700d21762d2f3ca00d920241a15a4\",\n \"result_position\": 13,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 268379757,\n \"title\": \"Knowledge Conflicts for LLMs: A Survey\",\n \"venue\": \"Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Rongwu Xu\",\n \"Zehan Qi\",\n \"Zhijiang Guo\",\n \"Cunxiang Wang\",\n \"Hongru Wang\",\n \"Hongru Wang\",\n \"Wei Xu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This survey provides an in-depth analysis of knowledge conflicts for large language models (LLMs), highlighting the complex challenges they encounter when blending contextual and parametric knowledge. Our focus is on three categories of knowledge conflicts: context-memory, inter-context, and intra-memory conflict. These conflicts can significantly impact the trustworthiness and performance of LLMs, especially in real-world applications where noise and misinformation are common. By categorizing these conflicts, exploring the causes, examining the behaviors of LLMs under such conflicts, and reviewing available solutions, this survey aims to shed light on strategies for improving the robustness of LLMs, thereby serving as a valuable resource for advancing research in this evolving area.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2403.08319\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ab8e6df5001dbb9b48445220099425aff536b3e8\",\n \"result_position\": 14,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 272524830,\n \"title\": \"LLMs Will Always Hallucinate, and We Need to Live With This\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Sourav Banerjee\",\n \"Ayushi Agarwal\",\n \"Saloni Singla\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"As Large Language Models become more ubiquitous across domains, it becomes important to examine their inherent limitations critically. This work argues that hallucinations in language models are not just occasional errors but an inevitable feature of these systems. We demonstrate that hallucinations stem from the fundamental mathematical and logical structure of LLMs. It is, therefore, impossible to eliminate them through architectural improvements, dataset enhancements, or fact-checking mechanisms. Our analysis draws on computational theory and Godel's First Incompleteness Theorem, which references the undecidability of problems like the Halting, Emptiness, and Acceptance Problems. We demonstrate that every stage of the LLM process-from training data compilation to fact retrieval, intent classification, and text generation-will have a non-zero probability of producing hallucinations. This work introduces the concept of Structural Hallucination as an intrinsic nature of these systems. By establishing the mathematical certainty of hallucinations, we challenge the prevailing notion that they can be fully mitigated.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2409.05746\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4b07942251b9101ff1e06a51fb506fcdf45e40bc\",\n \"result_position\": 15,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 271097958,\n \"title\": \"Knowledge Overshadowing Causes Amalgamated Hallucination in Large Language Models\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yuji Zhang\",\n \"Sha Li\",\n \"Jiateng Liu\",\n \"Pengfei Yu\",\n \"Y. Fung\",\n \"Jing Li\",\n \"Manling Li\",\n \"Heng Ji\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Hallucination is often regarded as a major impediment for using large language models (LLMs), especially for knowledge-intensive tasks. Even when the training corpus consists solely of true statements, language models still generate hallucinations in the form of amalgamations of multiple facts. We coin this phenomenon as ``knowledge overshadowing'': when we query knowledge from a language model with multiple conditions, some conditions overshadow others, leading to hallucinated outputs. This phenomenon partially stems from training data imbalance, which we verify on both pretrained models and fine-tuned models, over a wide range of LM model families and sizes.From a theoretical point of view, knowledge overshadowing can be interpreted as over-generalization of the dominant conditions (patterns). We show that the hallucination rate grows with both the imbalance ratio (between the popular and unpopular condition) and the length of dominant condition description, consistent with our derived generalization bound. Finally, we propose to utilize overshadowing conditions as a signal to catch hallucination before it is produced, along with a training-free self-contrastive decoding method to alleviate hallucination during inference. Our proposed approach showcases up to 82% F1 for hallucination anticipation and 11.2% to 39.4% hallucination control, with different models and datasets.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2407.08039\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/01f3b1809035a593b9dd6fb0b2cabdc8e216542f\",\n \"result_position\": 16,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 269813035,\n \"title\": \"Introduction to Large Language Models (LLMs) for dementia care and research\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in dementia\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Treder\",\n \"Sojin Lee\",\n \"K. Tsvetanov\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Introduction Dementia is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects cognitive abilities including memory, reasoning, and communication skills, leading to gradual decline in daily activities and social engagement. In light of the recent advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT, this paper aims to thoroughly analyse their potential applications and usefulness in dementia care and research. Method To this end, we offer an introduction into LLMs, outlining the key features, capabilities, limitations, potential risks, and practical considerations for deployment as easy-to-use software (e.g., smartphone apps). We then explore various domains related to dementia, identifying opportunities for LLMs to enhance understanding, diagnostics, and treatment, with a broader emphasis on improving patient care. For each domain, the specific contributions of LLMs are examined, such as their ability to engage users in meaningful conversations, deliver personalized support, and offer cognitive enrichment. Potential benefits encompass improved social interaction, enhanced cognitive functioning, increased emotional well-being, and reduced caregiver burden. The deployment of LLMs in caregiving frameworks also raises a number of concerns and considerations. These include privacy and safety concerns, the need for empirical validation, user-centered design, adaptation to the user's unique needs, and the integration of multimodal inputs to create more immersive and personalized experiences. Additionally, ethical guidelines and privacy protocols must be established to ensure responsible and ethical deployment of LLMs. Results We report the results on a questionnaire filled in by people with dementia (PwD) and their supporters wherein we surveyed the usefulness of different application scenarios of LLMs as well as the features that LLM-powered apps should have. Both PwD and supporters were largely positive regarding the prospect of LLMs in care, although concerns were raised regarding bias, data privacy and transparency. Discussion Overall, this review corroborates the promising utilization of LLMs to positively impact dementia care by boosting cognitive abilities, enriching social interaction, and supporting caregivers. The findings underscore the importance of further research and development in this field to fully harness the benefits of LLMs and maximize their potential for improving the lives of individuals living with dementia.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/frdem.2024.1385303\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/29c5ce12847362bfd28bf43fdf7f71f09bcb757b\",\n \"result_position\": 17,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 271957051,\n \"title\": \"Towards Reliable Medical Question Answering: Techniques and Challenges in Mitigating Hallucinations in Language Models\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Duy Khoa Pham\",\n \"Q. Vo\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has significantly impacted various domains, including healthcare and biomedicine. However, the phenomenon of hallucination, where LLMs generate outputs that deviate from factual accuracy or context, poses a critical challenge, especially in high-stakes domains. This paper conducts a scoping study of existing techniques for mitigating hallucinations in knowledge-based task in general and especially for medical domains. Key methods covered in the paper include Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)-based techniques, iterative feedback loops, supervised fine-tuning, and prompt engineering. These techniques, while promising in general contexts, require further adaptation and optimization for the medical domain due to its unique demands for up-to-date, specialized knowledge and strict adherence to medical guidelines. Addressing these challenges is crucial for developing trustworthy AI systems that enhance clinical decision-making and patient safety as well as accuracy of biomedical scientific research.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2408.13808\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9368325ba67c0cac3902273deabebd02f7a1f139\",\n \"result_position\": 18,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 265456112,\n \"title\": \"UHGEval: Benchmarking the Hallucination of Chinese Large Language Models via Unconstrained Generation\",\n \"venue\": \"Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Xun Liang\",\n \"Shichao Song\",\n \"Simin Niu\",\n \"Zhiyu Li\",\n \"Feiyu Xiong\",\n \"Bo Tang\",\n \"Zhaohui Wy\",\n \"Dawei He\",\n \"Peng Cheng\",\n \"Zhonghao Wang\",\n \"Haiying Deng\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as pivotal contributors in contemporary natural language processing and are increasingly being applied across a diverse range of industries. However, these large-scale probabilistic statistical models cannot currently ensure the requisite quality in professional content generation. These models often produce hallucinated text, compromising their practical utility in professional contexts. To assess the authentic reliability of LLMs in text generation, numerous initiatives have developed benchmark evaluations for hallucination phenomena. Nevertheless, these benchmarks frequently utilize constrained generation techniques due to cost and temporal constraints. These techniques encompass the use of directed hallucination induction and strategies that deliberately alter authentic text to produce hallucinations. These approaches are not congruent with the unrestricted text generation demanded by real-world applications. Furthermore, a well-established Chinese-language dataset dedicated to the evaluation of hallucinations in text generation is presently lacking. Consequently, we have developed an Unconstrained Hallucination Generation Evaluation (UHGEval) benchmark, designed to compile outputs produced with minimal restrictions by LLMs. Concurrently, we have established a comprehensive benchmark evaluation framework to aid subsequent researchers in undertaking scalable and reproducible experiments. We have also executed extensive experiments, evaluating prominent Chinese language models and the GPT series models to derive professional performance insights regarding hallucination challenges.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.18653/v1/2024.acl-long.288\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1146d40d3d01427a008a20530269667b8989750c\",\n \"result_position\": 19,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 270370977,\n \"title\": \"Deconstructing the ethics of large language models from long-standing issues to new-emerging dilemmas: a survey\",\n \"venue\": \"AI and Ethics\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Chengyuan Deng\",\n \"Yiqun Duan\",\n \"Xin Jin\",\n \"Heng Chang\",\n \"Yijun Tian\",\n \"Han Liu\",\n \"Henry Peng Zou\",\n \"Yiqiao Jin\",\n \"Yijia Xiao\",\n \"Yichen Wang\",\n \"Shenghao Wu\",\n \"Zongxing Xie\",\n \"Kuofeng Gao\",\n \"Sihong He\",\n \"Jun Zhuang\",\n \"Lu Cheng\",\n \"Haohan Wang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved unparalleled success across diverse language modeling tasks in recent years. However, this progress has also intensified ethical concerns, impacting the deployment of LLMs in everyday contexts. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of ethical challenges associated with LLMs, from longstanding issues such as copyright infringement, systematic bias, and data privacy, to emerging problems like truthfulness and social norms. We critically analyze existing research aimed at understanding, examining, and mitigating these ethical risks. Our survey underscores integrating ethical standards and societal values into the development of LLMs, thereby guiding the development of responsible and ethically aligned language models.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s43681-025-00797-3\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/74154d88d9aa54981eef2a2b27dc2a5fe9166d30\",\n \"result_position\": 20,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 267750964,\n \"title\": \"Large Language Models for Causal Discovery: Current Landscape and Future Directions\",\n \"venue\": \"International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Guangya Wan\",\n \"Yu-An Lu\",\n \"Yuqi Wu\",\n \"Mengxuan Hu\",\n \"Sheng Li\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Causal discovery (CD) and Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as transformative fields in artificial intelligence that have evolved largely independently. While CD specializes in uncovering cause-effect relationships from data, and LLMs excel at natural language processing and generation, their integration presents unique opportunities for advancing causal understanding. This survey examines how LLMs are transforming CD across three key dimensions: direct causal extraction from text, integration of domain knowledge into statistical methods, and refinement of causal structures. We systematically analyze approaches that leverage LLMs for CD tasks, highlighting their innovative use of metadata and natural language for causal inference. Our analysis reveals both LLMs' potential to enhance traditional CD methods and their current limitations as imperfect expert systems. We identify key research gaps, outline evaluation frameworks and benchmarks for LLM-based causal discovery, and advocate future research efforts for leveraging LLMs in causality research. As the first comprehensive examination of the synergy between LLMs and CD, this work lays the groundwork for future advances in the field.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.24963/ijcai.2025/1186\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1e40c66e753b26b81844b2568fa019b158fca7f4\",\n \"result_position\": 21,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 276450123,\n \"title\": \"What are Models Thinking about? Understanding Large Language Model Hallucinations \\\"Psychology\\\" through Model Inner State Analysis\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Peiran Wang\",\n \"Yang Liu\",\n \"Yunfei Lu\",\n \"Jue Hong\",\n \"Ye Wu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large language model (LLM) systems suffer from the models' unstable ability to generate valid and factual content, resulting in hallucination generation. Current hallucination detection methods heavily rely on out-of-model information sources, such as RAG to assist the detection, thus bringing heavy additional latency. Recently, internal states of LLMs' inference have been widely used in numerous research works, such as prompt injection detection, etc. Considering the interpretability of LLM internal states and the fact that they do not require external information sources, we introduce such states into LLM hallucination detection. In this paper, we systematically analyze different internal states' revealing features during inference forward and comprehensively evaluate their ability in hallucination detection. Specifically, we cut the forward process of a large language model into three stages: understanding, query, generation, and extracting the internal state from these stages. By analyzing these states, we provide a deep understanding of why the hallucinated content is generated and what happened in the internal state of the models. Then, we introduce these internal states into hallucination detection and conduct comprehensive experiments to discuss the advantages and limitations.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2502.13490\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4603d814951b860434f61183736185d16fef5bab\",\n \"result_position\": 22,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 273662222,\n \"title\": \"Distinguishing Ignorance from Error in LLM Hallucinations\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Adi Simhi\",\n \"Jonathan Herzig\",\n \"Idan Szpektor\",\n \"Yonatan Belinkov\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large language models (LLMs) are susceptible to hallucinations -- factually incorrect outputs -- leading to a large body of work on detecting and mitigating such cases. We argue that it is important to distinguish between two types of hallucinations: ones where the model does not hold the correct answer in its parameters, which we term HK-, and ones where the model answers incorrectly despite having the required knowledge, termed HK+. We first find that HK+ hallucinations are prevalent and occur across models and datasets. Then, we demonstrate that distinguishing between these two cases is beneficial for mitigating hallucinations. Importantly, we show that different models hallucinate on different examples, which motivates constructing model-specific hallucination datasets for training detectors. Overall, our findings draw attention to classifying types of hallucinations and provide means to handle them more effectively. The code is available at https://github.com/technion-cs-nlp/hallucination-mitigation .\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2410.22071\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/02817ea88b8625c520021157acf5c98eea6412c1\",\n \"result_position\": 23,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 246652372,\n \"title\": \"Survey of Hallucination in Natural Language Generation\",\n \"venue\": \"ACM Computing Surveys\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ziwei Ji\",\n \"Nayeon Lee\",\n \"Rita Frieske\",\n \"Tiezheng Yu\",\n \"D. Su\",\n \"Yan Xu\",\n \"Etsuko Ishii\",\n \"Yejin Bang\",\n \"Delong Chen\",\n \"Wenliang Dai\",\n \"Andrea Madotto\",\n \"Pascale Fung\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Natural Language Generation (NLG) has improved exponentially in recent years thanks to the development of sequence-to-sequence deep learning technologies such as Transformer-based language models. This advancement has led to more fluent and coherent NLG, leading to improved development in downstream tasks such as abstractive summarization, dialogue generation, and data-to-text generation. However, it is also apparent that deep learning based generation is prone to hallucinate unintended text, which degrades the system performance and fails to meet user expectations in many real-world scenarios. To address this issue, many studies have been presented in measuring and mitigating hallucinated texts, but these have never been reviewed in a comprehensive manner before. In this survey, we thus provide a broad overview of the research progress and challenges in the hallucination problem in NLG. The survey is organized into two parts: (1) a general overview of metrics, mitigation methods, and future directions, and (2) an overview of task-specific research progress on hallucinations in the following downstream tasks, namely abstractive summarization, dialogue generation, generative question answering, data-to-text generation, and machine translation. This survey serves to facilitate collaborative efforts among researchers in tackling the challenge of hallucinated texts in NLG.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1145/3571730\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3def68bd0f856886d34272840a7f81588f2bc082\",\n \"result_position\": 24,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 268358368,\n \"title\": \"Unfamiliar Finetuning Examples Control How Language Models Hallucinate\",\n \"venue\": \"North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Katie Kang\",\n \"Eric Wallace\",\n \"Claire J. Tomlin\",\n \"Aviral Kumar\",\n \"Sergey Levine\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large language models are known to hallucinate when faced with unfamiliar queries, but the underlying mechanism that govern how models hallucinate are not yet fully understood. In this work, we find that unfamiliar examples in the models' finetuning data -- those that introduce concepts beyond the base model's scope of knowledge -- are crucial in shaping these errors. In particular, we find that an LLM's hallucinated predictions tend to mirror the responses associated with its unfamiliar finetuning examples. This suggests that by modifying how unfamiliar finetuning examples are supervised, we can influence a model's responses to unfamiliar queries (e.g., say ``I don't know''). We empirically validate this observation in a series of controlled experiments involving SFT, RL, and reward model finetuning on TriviaQA and MMLU. Our work further investigates RL finetuning strategies for improving the factuality of long-form model generations. We find that, while hallucinations from the reward model can significantly undermine the effectiveness of RL factuality finetuning, strategically controlling how reward models hallucinate can minimize these negative effects. Leveraging our previous observations on controlling hallucinations, we propose an approach for learning more reliable reward models, and show that they improve the efficacy of RL factuality finetuning in long-form biography and book/movie plot generation tasks.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2403.05612\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4e274196324bad3e750e83235516af06733e701d\",\n \"result_position\": 25,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 267412450,\n \"title\": \"Factuality of Large Language Models: A Survey\",\n \"venue\": \"Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yuxia Wang\",\n \"Minghan Wang\",\n \"Muhammad Arslan Manzoor\",\n \"Fei Liu\",\n \"Georgi N. Georgiev\",\n \"Rocktim Jyoti Das\",\n \"Preslav Nakov\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large language models (LLMs), especially when instruction-tuned for chat, have become part of our daily lives, freeing people from the process of searching, extracting, and integrating information from multiple sources by offering a straightforward answer to a variety of questions in a single place. Unfortunately, in many cases, LLM responses are factually incorrect, which limits their applicability in real-world scenarios. As a result, research on evaluating and improving the factuality of LLMs has attracted a lot of research attention recently. In this survey, we critically analyze existing work with the aim to identify the major challenges and their associated causes, pointing out to potential solutions for improving the factuality of LLMs, and analyzing the obstacles to automated factuality evaluation for open-ended text generation. We further offer an outlook on where future research should go.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.18653/v1/2024.emnlp-main.1088\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5a7ae6c94bc59d7ee3fadb0f27788e2ac828ef88\",\n \"result_position\": 26,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 273638231,\n \"title\": \"Investigating the Role of Prompting and External Tools in Hallucination Rates of Large Language Models\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Liam Barkley\",\n \"Brink van der Merwe\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large Language Models (LLMs) are powerful computational models trained on extensive corpora of human-readable text, enabling them to perform general-purpose language understanding and generation. LLMs have garnered significant attention in both industry and academia due to their exceptional performance across various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Despite these successes, LLMs often produce inaccuracies, commonly referred to as hallucinations. Prompt engineering, the process of designing and formulating instructions for LLMs to perform specific tasks, has emerged as a key approach to mitigating hallucinations. This paper provides a comprehensive empirical evaluation of different prompting strategies and frameworks aimed at reducing hallucinations in LLMs. Various prompting techniques are applied to a broad set of benchmark datasets to assess the accuracy and hallucination rate of each method. Additionally, the paper investigates the influence of tool-calling agents (LLMs augmented with external tools to enhance their capabilities beyond language generation) on hallucination rates in the same benchmarks. The findings demonstrate that the optimal prompting technique depends on the type of problem, and that simpler techniques often outperform more complex methods in reducing hallucinations. Furthermore, it is shown that LLM agents can exhibit significantly higher hallucination rates due to the added complexity of external tool usage.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2410.19385\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d45865c981161ad711adf18b0492e959771554e4\",\n \"result_position\": 27,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 278033255,\n \"title\": \"HalluLens: LLM Hallucination Benchmark\",\n \"venue\": \"Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yejin Bang\",\n \"Ziwei Ji\",\n \"A. Schelten\",\n \"A. Hartshorn\",\n \"T. Fowler\",\n \"Cheng Zhang\",\n \"Nicola Cancedda\",\n \"Pascale Fung\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large language models (LLMs) often generate responses that deviate from user input or training data, a phenomenon known as\\\"hallucination.\\\"These hallucinations undermine user trust and hinder the adoption of generative AI systems. Addressing hallucinations is essential for the advancement of LLMs. This paper introduces a comprehensive hallucination benchmark, incorporating both new extrinsic and existing intrinsic evaluation tasks, built upon clear taxonomy of hallucination. A major challenge in benchmarking hallucinations is the lack of a unified framework due to inconsistent definitions and categorizations. We disentangle LLM hallucination from\\\"factuality,\\\"proposing a clear taxonomy that distinguishes between extrinsic and intrinsic hallucinations, to promote consistency and facilitate research. Extrinsic hallucinations, where the generated content is not consistent with the training data, are increasingly important as LLMs evolve. Our benchmark includes dynamic test set generation to mitigate data leakage and ensure robustness against such leakage. We also analyze existing benchmarks, highlighting their limitations and saturation. The work aims to: (1) establish a clear taxonomy of hallucinations, (2) introduce new extrinsic hallucination tasks, with data that can be dynamically regenerated to prevent saturation by leakage, (3) provide a comprehensive analysis of existing benchmarks, distinguishing them from factuality evaluations.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2504.17550\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/51fe85e30a4c9d66a3fa127946d1f87a6fabeac7\",\n \"result_position\": 28,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 274130835,\n \"title\": \"Large Language Models for Constructing and Optimizing Machine Learning Workflows: A Survey\",\n \"venue\": \"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yang Gu\",\n \"Hengyu You\",\n \"Jian Cao\",\n \"Muran Yu\",\n \"Haoran Fan\",\n \"Shiyou Qian\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Machine Learning (ML) workflows—spanning data preprocessing and feature engineering, model selection and hyperparameter optimization, and workflow evaluation—are increasingly embedded in complex software systems. Building these workflows manually demands substantial ML expertise, domain knowledge, and engineering effort. Automated ML (AutoML) frameworks address parts of this challenge but often suffer from constrained search spaces, limited adaptability, and low interpretability. Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have opened new opportunities to automate and enhance ML workflows by leveraging their capabilities in language understanding, reasoning, interaction, and code generation, posing new practical and theoretical challenges for software engineering (SE). This survey provides the first SE-oriented, stage-wise review of LLM-based ML workflow automation. We introduce a taxonomy covering all three workflow stages, systematically compare and analyze state-of-the-art methods, and synthesize both stage-specific and cross-stage trends. Our analysis yields SE-oriented implications, including the need for robust verification, quality management, context-aware deployment, and risk mitigation, alongside ensuring key quality attributes such as usability, modularity, traceability, and performance. The findings also call for adapting development models, rethinking lifecycle boundaries, and formalizing uncertainty handling to address the probabilistic and collaborative nature of LLM-assisted workflow generation. We further identify major open challenges and outline future research directions to guide the reliable and effective adoption of LLMs in ML workflow development. Our artifacts are publicly available at https://github.com/t-harden/LLM4AutoML.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1145/3773084\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/aa9eb97ab9e6e1efeaecd6059adde2c3d5377e0e\",\n \"result_position\": 29,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 265445060,\n \"title\": \"Minimizing Factual Inconsistency and Hallucination in Large Language Models\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Muneeswaran Irulandi\",\n \"Shreya Saxena\",\n \"Siva Prasad\",\n \"M. Prakash\",\n \"Advaith Shankar\",\n \"V. Varun\",\n \"Vishal Vaddina\",\n \"Saisubramaniam Gopalakrishnan\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used in critical fields such as healthcare, education, and finance due to their remarkable proficiency in various language-related tasks. However, LLMs are prone to generating factually incorrect responses or\\\"hallucinations,\\\"which can lead to a loss of credibility and trust among users. To address this issue, we propose a multi-stage framework that generates the rationale first, verifies and refines incorrect ones, and uses them as supporting references to generate the answer. The generated rationale enhances the transparency of the answer and our framework provides insights into how the model arrived at this answer, by using this rationale and the references to the context. In this paper, we demonstrate its effectiveness in improving the quality of responses to drug-related inquiries in the life sciences industry. Our framework improves traditional Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) by enabling OpenAI GPT-3.5-turbo to be 14-25% more faithful and 16-22% more accurate on two datasets. Furthermore, fine-tuning samples based on our framework improves the accuracy of smaller open-access LLMs by 33-42% and competes with RAG on commercial models.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2311.13878\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f63fdbbdf9005245d960ac1912cf4d0805e274a8\",\n \"result_position\": 30,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 274330702,\n \"title\": \"A Survey of Hallucination Problems Based on Large Language Models\",\n \"venue\": \"Applied and Computational Engineering\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Xinxin Liu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract. Large language models (LLM) have made significant achievements in the field of natural language processing, but the generated text often contains content that is inconsistent with the real world or user input, known as hallucinations. This article investigates the current situation of hallucinations in LLM, including the definition, types, causes, and solutions of hallucinations. Illusions are divided into different types such as factual and faithful, mainly caused by factors such as training data defects, low utilization of facts, and randomness in the decoding process. The phenomenon of hallucinations poses a threat to the reliability of LLM, especially in fields such as healthcare, finance, and law, which may lead to serious consequences. To address this issue, this article investigates methods such as managing training datasets, knowledge editing, and enhancing retrieval generation. Future research should classify and evaluate illusions more finely, explore multimodal strategies, enhance model stability, and integrate human intelligence and artificial intelligence to jointly address challenges, promoting the continuous progress of LLM.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.54254/2755-2721/2024.17851\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e5f183ffafd74e2fba831420fa1f3e5f07b7ce2d\",\n \"result_position\": 31,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 267412893,\n \"title\": \"Building Guardrails for Large Language Models\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yizhen Dong\",\n \"Ronghui Mu\",\n \"Gao Jin\",\n \"Yi Qi\",\n \"Jinwei Hu\",\n \"Xingyu Zhao\",\n \"Jie Meng\",\n \"Wenjie Ruan\",\n \"Xiaowei Huang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"As Large Language Models (LLMs) become more integrated into our daily lives, it is crucial to identify and mitigate their risks, especially when the risks can have profound impacts on human users and societies. Guardrails, which filter the inputs or outputs of LLMs, have emerged as a core safeguarding technology. This position paper takes a deep look at current open-source solutions (Llama Guard, Nvidia NeMo, Guardrails AI), and discusses the challenges and the road towards building more complete solutions. Drawing on robust evidence from previous research, we advocate for a systematic approach to construct guardrails for LLMs, based on comprehensive consideration of diverse contexts across various LLMs applications. We propose employing socio-technical methods through collaboration with a multi-disciplinary team to pinpoint precise technical requirements, exploring advanced neural-symbolic implementations to embrace the complexity of the requirements, and developing verification and testing to ensure the utmost quality of the final product.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2402.01822\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6e2704025046be6dc29b71339994422f9a9cacf1\",\n \"result_position\": 32,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 268358769,\n \"title\": \"HILL: A Hallucination Identifier for Large Language Models\",\n \"venue\": \"International Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Florian Leiser\",\n \"S. Eckhardt\",\n \"Valentin Leuthe\",\n \"Merlin Knaeble\",\n \"Alexander Maedche\",\n \"Gerhard Schwabe\",\n \"A. Sunyaev\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large language models (LLMs) are prone to hallucinations, i.e., nonsensical, unfaithful, and undesirable text. Users tend to overrely on LLMs and corresponding hallucinations which can lead to misinterpretations and errors. To tackle the problem of overreliance, we propose HILL, the \\\"Hallucination Identifier for Large Language Models\\\". First, we identified design features for HILL with a Wizard of Oz approach with nine participants. Subsequently, we implemented HILL based on the identified design features and evaluated HILL’s interface design by surveying 17 participants. Further, we investigated HILL’s functionality to identify hallucinations based on an existing question-answering dataset and five user interviews. We find that HILL can correctly identify and highlight hallucinations in LLM responses which enables users to handle LLM responses with more caution. With that, we propose an easy-to-implement adaptation to existing LLMs and demonstrate the relevance of user-centered designs of AI artifacts.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1145/3613904.3642428\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/24b6b70e1b1525535155cc9fa66dfd9d5d42d6b5\",\n \"result_position\": 33,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 274165973,\n \"title\": \"Do I Know This Entity? Knowledge Awareness and Hallucinations in Language Models\",\n \"venue\": \"International Conference on Learning Representations\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Javier Ferrando\",\n \"Oscar Obeso\",\n \"Senthooran Rajamanoharan\",\n \"Neel Nanda\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Hallucinations in large language models are a widespread problem, yet the mechanisms behind whether models will hallucinate are poorly understood, limiting our ability to solve this problem. Using sparse autoencoders as an interpretability tool, we discover that a key part of these mechanisms is entity recognition, where the model detects if an entity is one it can recall facts about. Sparse autoencoders uncover meaningful directions in the representation space, these detect whether the model recognizes an entity, e.g. detecting it doesn't know about an athlete or a movie. This suggests that models can have self-knowledge: internal representations about their own capabilities. These directions are causally relevant: capable of steering the model to refuse to answer questions about known entities, or to hallucinate attributes of unknown entities when it would otherwise refuse. We demonstrate that despite the sparse autoencoders being trained on the base model, these directions have a causal effect on the chat model's refusal behavior, suggesting that chat finetuning has repurposed this existing mechanism. Furthermore, we provide an initial exploration into the mechanistic role of these directions in the model, finding that they disrupt the attention of downstream heads that typically move entity attributes to the final token.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2411.14257\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ee480ff85412144887ab8f48eef37db273d9d952\",\n \"result_position\": 34,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 269149201,\n \"title\": \"Constructing Benchmarks and Interventions for Combating Hallucinations in LLMs\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Adi Simhi\",\n \"Jonathan Herzig\",\n \"Idan Szpektor\",\n \"Yonatan Belinkov\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large language models (LLMs) are prone to hallucinations, which sparked a widespread effort to detect and prevent them. Recent work attempts to mitigate hallucinations by intervening in the model's generation, typically computing representative vectors of hallucinations vs. grounded generations, for steering the model's hidden states away from a hallucinatory state. However, common studies employ different setups and do not properly separate different possible causes of hallucinations, making interventions misguided. In this work, we introduce a method for categorizing examples based on the model's prior knowledge, named WACK. We construct WACK benchmarks that support interventions in two settings: open-book and closed-book question answering. Using the benchmarks, we perform an extensive investigation of the effect of different choices for intervention, such as the intervened components, and how often and how strongly to intervene. We find that intervention success varies depending on the component, with the attention blocks performing well and the residual stream proving detrimental to language modeling capabilities. We also show that interventions can benefit from representative vectors collected before, rather than after, a hallucination occurs. Finally, we introduce a new dynamic intervention, which intervenes only if needed, and thus is more robust than standard static interventions. The code is available at https://github.com/technion-cs-nlp/hallucination-mitigation .\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2404.09971\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8d748af62da9c251ae419a3ee494cd9e656db891\",\n \"result_position\": 35,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 272689264,\n \"title\": \"StruEdit: Structured Outputs Enable the Fast and Accurate Knowledge Editing for Large Language Models\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Baolong Bi\",\n \"Shenghua Liu\",\n \"Yiwei Wang\",\n \"Lingrui Mei\",\n \"Hongcheng Gao\",\n \"Junfeng Fang\",\n \"Xueqi Cheng\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"As the modern tool of choice for question answering, large language models (LLMs) are expected to deliver answers with up-to-date knowledge. To achieve such ideal question-answering systems, locating and then editing outdated knowledge in the natural language outputs is a general target of popular knowledge editing methods. However, this target is challenging, as both identifying which tokens to edit in the reasoning steps and ensuring the coherence of the revised reasoning chain are difficult tasks. We argue that these challenges stem from the unstructured nature of natural language outputs. To address the above challenges, we propose $\\\\textbf{Stru}$ctural $\\\\textbf{Edit}$ing ($\\\\textbf{StruEdit}$), an improved baseline for knowledge editing. We first prompt LLMs to produce structured outputs consisting of reasoning triplets. Then, StruEdit removes any potentially outdated knowledge and efficiently refills the structured outputs with up-to-date information in a single step. Experimental results show that StruEdit consistently delivers the highest accuracy with lowest latency compared with other knowledge editing methods.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2409.10132\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0155527cbc523bd3a458b91b41b6ba06aa74aebe\",\n \"result_position\": 36,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 275516060,\n \"title\": \"HALoGEN: Fantastic LLM Hallucinations and Where to Find Them\",\n \"venue\": \"Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Abhilasha Ravichander\",\n \"Shrusti Ghela\",\n \"David Wadden\",\n \"Yejin Choi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Despite their impressive ability to generate high-quality and fluent text, generative large language models (LLMs) also produce hallucinations: statements that are misaligned with established world knowledge or provided input context. However, measuring hallucination can be challenging, as having humans verify model generations on-the-fly is both expensive and time-consuming. In this work, we release HALoGEN, a comprehensive hallucination benchmark consisting of: (1) 10,923 prompts for generative models spanning nine domains including programming, scientific attribution, and summarization, and (2) automatic high-precision verifiers for each use case that decompose LLM generations into atomic units, and verify each unit against a high-quality knowledge source. We use this framework to evaluate ~150,000 generations from 14 language models, finding that even the best-performing models are riddled with hallucinations (sometimes up to 86% of generated atomic facts depending on the domain). We further define a novel error classification for LLM hallucinations based on whether they likely stem from incorrect recollection of training data (Type A errors), or incorrect knowledge in training data (Type B errors), or are fabrication (Type C errors). We hope our framework provides a foundation to enable the principled study of why generative models hallucinate, and advances the development of trustworthy large language models.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2501.08292\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7486325fbf143d1dab5a99094da23a0a7dc7e41b\",\n \"result_position\": 37,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 276575942,\n \"title\": \"The Law of Knowledge Overshadowing: Towards Understanding, Predicting, and Preventing LLM Hallucination\",\n \"venue\": \"Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yuji Zhang\",\n \"Sha Li\",\n \"Cheng Qian\",\n \"Jiateng Liu\",\n \"Pengfei Yu\",\n \"Chi Han\",\n \"Y. Fung\",\n \"Kathleen McKeown\",\n \"ChengXiang Zhai\",\n \"Manling Li\",\n \"Heng Ji\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Hallucination is a persistent challenge in large language models (LLMs), where even with rigorous quality control, models often generate distorted facts. This paradox, in which error generation continues despite high-quality training data, calls for a deeper understanding of the underlying LLM mechanisms. To address it, we propose a novel concept: knowledge overshadowing, where model's dominant knowledge can obscure less prominent knowledge during text generation, causing the model to fabricate inaccurate details. Building on this idea, we introduce a novel framework to quantify factual hallucinations by modeling knowledge overshadowing. Central to our approach is the log-linear law, which predicts that the rate of factual hallucination increases linearly with the logarithmic scale of (1) Knowledge Popularity, (2) Knowledge Length, and (3) Model Size. The law provides a means to preemptively quantify hallucinations, offering foresight into their occurrence even before model training or inference. Built on overshadowing effect, we propose a new decoding strategy CoDa, to mitigate hallucinations, which notably enhance model factuality on Overshadow (27.9%), MemoTrap (13.1%) and NQ-Swap (18.3%). Our findings not only deepen understandings of the underlying mechanisms behind hallucinations but also provide actionable insights for developing more predictable and controllable language models.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2502.16143\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5820d93851147471cdab0cf87aac6174c7bb1713\",\n \"result_position\": 38,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 276617852,\n \"title\": \"SOK: Exploring Hallucinations and Security Risks in AI-Assisted Software Development with Insights for LLM Deployment\",\n \"venue\": \"International Conference on Intelligent Data Science Technologies and Applications\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Mohd Ariful Haque\",\n \"Sunzida Siddique\",\n \"Md. Mahfuzur Rahman\",\n \"Ahmed Rafi Hasan\",\n \"Laxmi Rani Das\",\n \"Marufa Kamal\",\n \"Tasnim Masura\",\n \"K. Gupta\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GitHub Copilot, ChatGPT, Cursor AI, and Codeium AI into software development has revolutionized the coding landscape, offering significant productivity gains, automation, and enhanced debugging capabilities. These tools have proven invaluable for generating code snippets, refactoring existing code, and providing real-time support to developers. However, their widespread adoption also presents notable challenges, particularly in terms of security vulnerabilities, code quality, and ethical concerns. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the benefits and risks associated with AI-powered coding tools, drawing on user feedback, security analyses, and practical use cases. We explore the potential for these tools to replicate insecure coding practices, introduce biases, and generate incorrect or non-sensical code (hallucinations). In addition, we discuss the risks of data leaks, intellectual property violations, and the need for robust security measures to mitigate these threats. By comparing the features and performance of these tools, we aim to guide developers in making informed decisions about their use, ensuring that the benefits of AI-assisted coding are maximized while minimizing associated risks.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/IDSTA66210.2025.11202778\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b8f658e6b187556303fbe8611237eafbfd4c2d6e\",\n \"result_position\": 39,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 275789766,\n \"title\": \"OnionEval: An Unified Evaluation of Fact-conflicting Hallucination for Small-Large Language Models\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Chongren Sun\",\n \"Yuran Li\",\n \"Di Wu\",\n \"Benoit Boulet\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large Language Models (LLMs) are highly capable but require significant computational resources for both training and inference. Within the LLM family, smaller models (those with fewer than 10 billion parameters) also perform well across various tasks. However, these smaller models share similar limitations to their larger counterparts, including the tendency to hallucinate. Despite the existence of many benchmarks to evaluate hallucination in LLMs, few have specifically focused on small LLMs (SLLMs). Additionally, SLLMs show widely varying performance across different benchmarks. In this paper, we introduce OnionEval, a multi-layer structured framework with a specific metric called the context-influence score (CI), designed to effectively assess the fact-conflicting hallucination tendencies of small LLMs across different contextual levels. Our experimental results reveal a key feature of SLLMs: they excel in factual analysis but face challenges with context reasoning. Further investigation shows that a simple Chain-of-Thought strategy can significantly reduce these limitations, improving the practical usefulness of SLLMs in real-world applications.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2501.12975\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ad4788a00f022412b687e019e20792c91688da1d\",\n \"result_position\": 40,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 277244106,\n \"title\": \"Poly-FEVER: A Multilingual Fact Verification Benchmark for Hallucination Detection in Large Language Models\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Hanzhi Zhang\",\n \"Sumera Anjum\",\n \"Heng Fan\",\n \"Weijian Zheng\",\n \"Yan Huang\",\n \"Yunhe Feng\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Hallucinations in generative AI, particularly in Large Language Models (LLMs), pose a significant challenge to the reliability of multilingual applications. Existing benchmarks for hallucination detection focus primarily on English and a few widely spoken languages, lacking the breadth to assess inconsistencies in model performance across diverse linguistic contexts. To address this gap, we introduce Poly-FEVER, a large-scale multilingual fact verification benchmark specifically designed for evaluating hallucination detection in LLMs. Poly-FEVER comprises 77,973 labeled factual claims spanning 11 languages, sourced from FEVER, Climate-FEVER, and SciFact. It provides the first large-scale dataset tailored for analyzing hallucination patterns across languages, enabling systematic evaluation of LLMs such as ChatGPT and the LLaMA series. Our analysis reveals how topic distribution and web resource availability influence hallucination frequency, uncovering language-specific biases that impact model accuracy. By offering a multilingual benchmark for fact verification, Poly-FEVER facilitates cross-linguistic comparisons of hallucination detection and contributes to the development of more reliable, language-inclusive AI systems. The dataset is publicly available to advance research in responsible AI, fact-checking methodologies, and multilingual NLP, promoting greater transparency and robustness in LLM performance. The proposed Poly-FEVER is available at: https://huggingface.co/datasets/HanzhiZhang/Poly-FEVER.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2503.16541\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/12fe49b9e945bc60fdbd7a6b4fe220acc7a68070\",\n \"result_position\": 41,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 277955622,\n \"title\": \"aiXamine: Simplified LLM Safety and Security\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Fatih Deniz\",\n \"Dorde Popovic\",\n \"Yazan Boshmaf\",\n \"Euisuh Jeong\",\n \"M. Ahmad\",\n \"Sanjay Chawla\",\n \"Issa M. Khalil\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) for safety and security remains a complex task, often requiring users to navigate a fragmented landscape of ad hoc benchmarks, datasets, metrics, and reporting formats. To address this challenge, we present aiXamine, a comprehensive black-box evaluation platform for LLM safety and security. aiXamine integrates over 40 tests (i.e., benchmarks) organized into eight key services targeting specific dimensions of safety and security: adversarial robustness, code security, fairness and bias, hallucination, model and data privacy, out-of-distribution (OOD) robustness, over-refusal, and safety alignment. The platform aggregates the evaluation results into a single detailed report per model, providing a detailed breakdown of model performance, test examples, and rich visualizations. We used aiXamine to assess over 50 publicly available and proprietary LLMs, conducting over 2K examinations. Our findings reveal notable vulnerabilities in leading models, including susceptibility to adversarial attacks in OpenAI's GPT-4o, biased outputs in xAI's Grok-3, and privacy weaknesses in Google's Gemini 2.0. Additionally, we observe that open-source models can match or exceed proprietary models in specific services such as safety alignment, fairness and bias, and OOD robustness. Finally, we identify trade-offs between distillation strategies, model size, training methods, and architectural choices.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2504.14985\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/44bdc231a8a031eafacf8ee0fc3ae64b4a5d6442\",\n \"result_position\": 42,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 277313647,\n \"title\": \"KSHSeek: Data-Driven Approaches to Mitigating and Detecting Knowledge-Shortcut Hallucinations in Generative Models\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Zhiwei Wang\",\n \"Zhongxin Liu\",\n \"Ying Li\",\n \"Hongyu Sun\",\n \"Meng Xu\",\n \"Yuqing Zhang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has significantly advanced the development of natural language processing (NLP), especially in text generation tasks like question answering. However, model hallucinations remain a major challenge in natural language generation (NLG) tasks due to their complex causes. We systematically expand on the causes of factual hallucinations from the perspective of knowledge shortcuts, analyzing hallucinations arising from correct and defect-free data and demonstrating that knowledge-shortcut hallucinations are prevalent in generative models. To mitigate this issue, we propose a high similarity pruning algorithm at the data preprocessing level to reduce spurious correlations in the data. Additionally, we design a specific detection method for knowledge-shortcut hallucinations to evaluate the effectiveness of our mitigation strategy. Experimental results show that our approach effectively reduces knowledge-shortcut hallucinations, particularly in fine-tuning tasks, without negatively impacting model performance in question answering. This work introduces a new paradigm for mitigating specific hallucination issues in generative models, enhancing their robustness and reliability in real-world applications.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2503.19482\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/604a4cfa09bb31e5cbe7dfc771e139841f88a9e6\",\n \"result_position\": 43,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 267199818,\n \"title\": \"Towards Trustable Language Models: Investigating Information Quality of Large Language Models\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Rick Rejeleene\",\n \"Xiaowei Xu\",\n \"John R. Talburt\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large language models (LLM) are generating information at a rapid pace, requiring users to increasingly rely and trust the data. Despite remarkable advances of LLM, Information generated by LLM is not completely trustworthy, due to challenges in information quality. Specifically, integrity of Information quality decreases due to unreliable, biased, tokenization during pre-training of LLM. Moreover, due to decreased information quality issues, has led towards hallucination, fabricated information. Unreliable information can lead towards flawed decisions in businesses, which impacts economic activity. In this work, we introduce novel mathematical information quality evaluation of LLM, we furthermore analyze and highlight information quality challenges, scaling laws to systematically scale language models.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2401.13086\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0422493dc3a70816bb5d327c4c67094f64a78c98\",\n \"result_position\": 44,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 270562515,\n \"title\": \"On-Policy Self-Alignment with Fine-grained Knowledge Feedback for Hallucination Mitigation\",\n \"venue\": \"Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Xueru Wen\",\n \"Xinyu Lu\",\n \"Xinyan Guan\",\n \"Yaojie Lu\",\n \"Hongyu Lin\",\n \"Ben He\",\n \"Xianpei Han\",\n \"Le Sun\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Hallucination occurs when large language models exhibit behavior that deviates from the boundaries of their knowledge during response generation. To address this critical issue, previous learning-based methods attempt to finetune models but are limited by off-policy sampling and coarse-grained feedback. In this paper, we present \\\\textit{\\\\b{R}einforcement \\\\b{L}earning \\\\b{f}or \\\\b{H}allucination} (RLFH), an on-policy self-alignment approach that enables LLMs to actively explore their knowledge boundaries and self-correct generation behavior through fine-grained feedback signals. RLFH introduces a self-assessment framework where the policy serves as its own judge. Through this framework, responses are automatically decomposed into atomic facts and their truthfulness and informativeness are assessed against external knowledge sources. The resulting fine-grained feedback at the statement level are then converted into token-level dense reward signals. This enables online reinforcement learning to achieve precise and timely optimization without human intervention. Comprehensive evaluations on HotpotQA, SQuADv2, and Biography benchmarks validate RLFH's effectiveness in hallucination mitigation.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.18653/v1/2025.findings-acl.271\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5e7ba486300aca27f6103dbcbeaac940e7edf5c3\",\n \"result_position\": 45,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 273821471,\n \"title\": \"VERITAS: A Unified Approach to Reliability Evaluation\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Rajkumar Ramamurthy\",\n \"M. Rajeev\",\n \"Oliver Molenschot\",\n \"James Zou\",\n \"Nazneen Rajani\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large language models (LLMs) often fail to synthesize information from their context to generate an accurate response. This renders them unreliable in knowledge intensive settings where reliability of the output is key. A critical component for reliable LLMs is the integration of a robust fact-checking system that can detect hallucinations across various formats. While several open-access fact-checking models are available, their functionality is often limited to specific tasks, such as grounded question-answering or entailment verification, and they perform less effectively in conversational settings. On the other hand, closed-access models like GPT-4 and Claude offer greater flexibility across different contexts, including grounded dialogue verification, but are hindered by high costs and latency. In this work, we introduce VERITAS, a family of hallucination detection models designed to operate flexibly across diverse contexts while minimizing latency and costs. VERITAS achieves state-of-the-art results considering average performance on all major hallucination detection benchmarks, with $10\\\\%$ increase in average performance when compared to similar-sized models and get close to the performance of GPT4 turbo with LLM-as-a-judge setting.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2411.03300\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/52269391f48885ad440809962f27b9022d3ee4ba\",\n \"result_position\": 46,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 271310469,\n \"title\": \"Internal Consistency and Self-Feedback in Large Language Models: A Survey\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Xun Liang\",\n \"Shichao Song\",\n \"Zifan Zheng\",\n \"Hanyu Wang\",\n \"Qingchen Yu\",\n \"Xunkai Li\",\n \"Ronghua Li\",\n \"Feiyu Xiong\",\n \"Zhiyu Li\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large language models (LLMs) often exhibit deficient reasoning or generate hallucinations. To address these, studies prefixed with\\\"Self-\\\"such as Self-Consistency, Self-Improve, and Self-Refine have been initiated. They share a commonality: involving LLMs evaluating and updating themselves. Nonetheless, these efforts lack a unified perspective on summarization, as existing surveys predominantly focus on categorization. In this paper, we use a unified perspective of internal consistency, offering explanations for reasoning deficiencies and hallucinations. Internal consistency refers to the consistency in expressions among LLMs' latent, decoding, or response layers based on sampling methodologies. Then, we introduce an effective theoretical framework capable of mining internal consistency, named Self-Feedback. This framework consists of two modules: Self-Evaluation and Self-Update. The former captures internal consistency signals, while the latter leverages the signals to enhance either the model's response or the model itself. This framework has been employed in numerous studies. We systematically classify these studies by tasks and lines of work; summarize relevant evaluation methods and benchmarks; and delve into the concern,\\\"Does Self-Feedback Really Work?\\\"We also propose several critical viewpoints, including the\\\"Hourglass Evolution of Internal Consistency\\\",\\\"Consistency Is (Almost) Correctness\\\"hypothesis, and\\\"The Paradox of Latent and Explicit Reasoning\\\". The relevant resources are open-sourced at https://github.com/IAAR-Shanghai/ICSFSurvey.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2407.14507\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3a588665fb59801fcbdce825ed7a4cf59984567f\",\n \"result_position\": 47,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 267627389,\n \"title\": \"A Survey on Large Language Model Hallucination via a Creativity Perspective\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Xuhui Jiang\",\n \"Yuxing Tian\",\n \"Fengrui Hua\",\n \"Chengjin Xu\",\n \"Yuanzhuo Wang\",\n \"Jian Guo\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Hallucinations in large language models (LLMs) are always seen as limitations. However, could they also be a source of creativity? This survey explores this possibility, suggesting that hallucinations may contribute to LLM application by fostering creativity. This survey begins with a review of the taxonomy of hallucinations and their negative impact on LLM reliability in critical applications. Then, through historical examples and recent relevant theories, the survey explores the potential creative benefits of hallucinations in LLMs. To elucidate the value and evaluation criteria of this connection, we delve into the definitions and assessment methods of creativity. Following the framework of divergent and convergent thinking phases, the survey systematically reviews the literature on transforming and harnessing hallucinations for creativity in LLMs. Finally, the survey discusses future research directions, emphasizing the need to further explore and refine the application of hallucinations in creative processes within LLMs.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2402.06647\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/92e9469197a53e82f42b66876b221aaa25d07292\",\n \"result_position\": 48,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 269009978,\n \"title\": \"The Hallucinations Leaderboard - An Open Effort to Measure Hallucinations in Large Language Models\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Giwon Hong\",\n \"Aryo Pradipta Gema\",\n \"Rohit Saxena\",\n \"Xiaotang Du\",\n \"Ping Nie\",\n \"Yu Zhao\",\n \"Laura Perez-Beltrachini\",\n \"Max Ryabinin\",\n \"Xuanli He\",\n \"Pasquale Minervini\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed the Natural Language Processing (NLP) landscape with their remarkable ability to understand and generate human-like text. However, these models are prone to ``hallucinations'' -- outputs that do not align with factual reality or the input context. This paper introduces the Hallucinations Leaderboard, an open initiative to quantitatively measure and compare the tendency of each model to produce hallucinations. The leaderboard uses a comprehensive set of benchmarks focusing on different aspects of hallucinations, such as factuality and faithfulness, across various tasks, including question-answering, summarisation, and reading comprehension. Our analysis provides insights into the performance of different models, guiding researchers and practitioners in choosing the most reliable models for their applications.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2404.05904\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/786f8f73415f3d67312427743ccd2d5016479496\",\n \"result_position\": 49,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 277781064,\n \"title\": \"Enhancing Mathematical Reasoning in Large Language Models with Self-Consistency-Based Hallucination Detection\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Mingshan Liu\",\n \"Shi Bo\",\n \"Jialing Fang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong mathematical reasoning capabilities but remain susceptible to hallucinations producing plausible yet incorrect statements especially in theorem proving, symbolic manipulation, and numerical computation. While self-consistency (SC) has been explored as a means to improve factuality in LLMs, existing approaches primarily apply SC to final-answer selection, neglecting the logical consistency of intermediate reasoning steps. In this work, we introduce a structured self-consistency framework designed to enhance the reliability of mathematical reasoning. Our method enforces self-consistency across intermediate steps and final outputs, reducing logical inconsistencies and hallucinations. We evaluate our approach across three core mathematical tasks: theorem proving, symbolic transformation, and numerical computation. Experimental results demonstrate that SC significantly improves proof validity, symbolic reasoning accuracy, and numerical stability while maintaining computational efficiency. Further analysis reveals that structured self-consistency not only enhances problem-solving accuracy but also reduces the variance of model-generated outputs. These findings highlight self-consistency as a robust mechanism for improving mathematical reasoning in LLMs, paving the way for more reliable and interpretable AI-driven mathematics.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2504.09440\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/55b193ab7967fb20a8a05f878ac85bf48c9fc615\",\n \"result_position\": 50,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 271328537,\n \"title\": \"Developing a Reliable, Fast, General-Purpose Hallucination Detection and Mitigation Service\",\n \"venue\": \"North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Song Wang\",\n \"Xun Wang\",\n \"Jie Mei\",\n \"Yujia Xie\",\n \"Sihan Chen\",\n \"Wayne Xiong\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Hallucination, a phenomenon where large language models (LLMs) produce output that is factually incorrect or unrelated to the input, is a major challenge for LLM applications that require accuracy and dependability. In this paper, we introduce a reliable and high-speed production system aimed at detecting and rectifying the hallucination issue within LLMs. Our system encompasses named entity recognition (NER), natural language inference (NLI), span-based detection (SBD), and an intricate decision tree-based process to reliably detect a wide range of hallucinations in LLM responses. Furthermore, we have crafted a rewriting mechanism that maintains an optimal mix of precision, response time, and cost-effectiveness. We detail the core elements of our framework and underscore the paramount challenges tied to response time, availability, and performance metrics, which are crucial for real-world deployment of these technologies. Our extensive evaluation, utilizing offline data and live production traffic, confirms the efficacy of our proposed framework and service.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.18653/v1/2025.naacl-industry.72\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/49504a51f3d947248d6efbb93ad5979300f0d912\",\n \"result_position\": 51,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 273374947,\n \"title\": \"Iter-AHMCL: Alleviate Hallucination for Large Language Model via Iterative Model-level Contrastive Learning\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Huiwen Wu\",\n \"Xiaohan Li\",\n \"Xiaogang Xu\",\n \"Jiafei Wu\",\n \"Deyi Zhang\",\n \"Zhe Liu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The development of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly advanced various AI applications in commercial and scientific research fields, such as scientific literature summarization, writing assistance, and knowledge graph construction. However, a significant challenge is the high risk of hallucination during LLM inference, which can lead to security concerns like factual inaccuracies, inconsistent information, and fabricated content. To tackle this issue, it is essential to develop effective methods for reducing hallucination while maintaining the original capabilities of the LLM. This paper introduces a novel approach called Iterative Model-level Contrastive Learning (Iter-AHMCL) to address hallucination. This method modifies the representation layers of pre-trained LLMs by using contrastive `positive' and `negative' models, trained on data with and without hallucinations. By leveraging the differences between these two models, we create a more straightforward pathway to eliminate hallucinations, and the iterative nature of contrastive learning further enhances performance. Experimental validation on four pre-trained foundation LLMs (LLaMA2, Alpaca, LLaMA3, and Qwen) finetuning with a specially designed dataset shows that our approach achieves an average improvement of 10.1 points on the TruthfulQA benchmark. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of Iter-AHMCL in reducing hallucination while maintaining the general capabilities of LLMs.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2410.12130\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bdfb6a8add335f5e29d4391f62e433e2cf989f83\",\n \"result_position\": 52,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 271923983,\n \"title\": \"Interactive DualChecker for Mitigating Hallucinations in Distilling Large Language Models\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Meiyun Wang\",\n \"Masahiro Suzuki\",\n \"Hiroki Sakaji\",\n \"Kiyoshi Izumi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities across various machine learning (ML) tasks. Given the high costs of creating annotated datasets for supervised learning, LLMs offer a valuable alternative by enabling effective few-shot in-context learning. However, these models can produce hallucinations, particularly in domains with incomplete knowledge. Additionally, current methods for knowledge distillation using LLMs often struggle to enhance the effectiveness of both teacher and student models. To address these challenges, we introduce DualChecker, an innovative framework designed to mitigate hallucinations and improve the performance of both teacher and student models during knowledge distillation. DualChecker employs ContextAligner to ensure that the context provided by teacher models aligns with human labeling standards. It also features a dynamic checker system that enhances model interaction: one component re-prompts teacher models with more detailed content when they show low confidence, and another identifies borderline cases from student models to refine the teaching templates. This interactive process promotes continuous improvement and effective knowledge transfer between the models. We evaluate DualChecker using a green innovation textual dataset that includes binary, multiclass, and token classification tasks. The experimental results show that DualChecker significantly outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods, achieving up to a 17% improvement in F1 score for teacher models and 10% for student models. Notably, student models fine-tuned with LLM predictions perform comparably to those fine-tuned with actual data, even in a challenging domain. We make all datasets, models, and code from this research publicly available.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2408.12326\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ab5692fbecbed9a5115ee6104d59d82178bc1b50\",\n \"result_position\": 53,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 266149709,\n \"title\": \"HALO: an ontology for representing and categorizing hallucinations in large language models\",\n \"venue\": \"Defense + Commercial Sensing\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Navapat Nananukul\",\n \"M. Kejriwal\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Recent progress in generative AI, including Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, has opened up significant opportunities in fields ranging from natural language processing to knowledge discovery and data mining. However, there is also a growing awareness that the models can be prone to problems such as making information up or ‘hallucinations’, and faulty reasoning on seemingly simple problems. Because of the popularity of models like ChatGPT, both academic scholars and citizen scientists have documented hallucinations of several different types and severity. Despite this body of work, a formal model for describing and representing these hallucinations (with relevant meta-data) at a fine-grained level, is still lacking. In this paper, we address this gap by presenting the Hallucination Ontology or HALO, a formal, extensible ontology written in OWL that currently offers support for six different types of hallucinations known to arise in LLMs, along with support for provenance and experimental metadata. We also collect and publish a dataset containing hallucinations that we inductively gathered across multiple independent Web sources and show that HALO can be successfully used to model this dataset and answer competency questions.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1117/12.3014048\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5682fc5ee0218858d8de9908c1be4c754f316625\",\n \"result_position\": 54,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 270615909,\n \"title\": \"Detecting hallucinations in large language models using semantic entropy\",\n \"venue\": \"Nature\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Sebastian Farquhar\",\n \"Jannik Kossen\",\n \"Lorenz Kuhn\",\n \"Y. Gal\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large language model (LLM) systems, such as ChatGPT1 or Gemini2, can show impressive reasoning and question-answering capabilities but often ‘hallucinate’ false outputs and unsubstantiated answers3,4. Answering unreliably or without the necessary information prevents adoption in diverse fields, with problems including fabrication of legal precedents5 or untrue facts in news articles6 and even posing a risk to human life in medical domains such as radiology7. Encouraging truthfulness through supervision or reinforcement has been only partially successful8. Researchers need a general method for detecting hallucinations in LLMs that works even with new and unseen questions to which humans might not know the answer. Here we develop new methods grounded in statistics, proposing entropy-based uncertainty estimators for LLMs to detect a subset of hallucinations—confabulations—which are arbitrary and incorrect generations. Our method addresses the fact that one idea can be expressed in many ways by computing uncertainty at the level of meaning rather than specific sequences of words. Our method works across datasets and tasks without a priori knowledge of the task, requires no task-specific data and robustly generalizes to new tasks not seen before. By detecting when a prompt is likely to produce a confabulation, our method helps users understand when they must take extra care with LLMs and opens up new possibilities for using LLMs that are otherwise prevented by their unreliability. Hallucinations (confabulations) in large language model systems can be tackled by measuring uncertainty about the meanings of generated responses rather than the text itself to improve question-answering accuracy.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s41586-024-07421-0\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f82f49c20c6acc69f884f05e3a9f1ceea91061ce\",\n \"result_position\": 55,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 248227301,\n \"title\": \"On the Origin of Hallucinations in Conversational Models: Is it the Datasets or the Models?\",\n \"venue\": \"North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Nouha Dziri\",\n \"Sivan Milton\",\n \"Mo Yu\",\n \"Osmar R Zaiane\",\n \"Siva Reddy\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Knowledge-grounded conversational models are known to suffer from producing factually invalid statements, a phenomenon commonly called hallucination. In this work, we investigate the underlying causes of this phenomenon: is hallucination due to the training data, or to the models? We conduct a comprehensive human study on both existing knowledge-grounded conversational benchmarks and several state-of-the-art models. Our study reveals that the standard benchmarks consist of > 60% hallucinated responses, leading to models that not only hallucinate but even amplify hallucinations. Our findings raise important questions on the quality of existing datasets and models trained using them. We make our annotations publicly available for future research.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2204.07931\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e9f28c98a00766e484810598886cf48b0de66cfa\",\n \"result_position\": 56,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 267069207,\n \"title\": \"Hallucination is Inevitable: An Innate Limitation of Large Language Models\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ziwei Xu\",\n \"Sanjay Jain\",\n \"Mohan Kankanhalli\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Hallucination has been widely recognized to be a significant drawback for large language models (LLMs). There have been many works that attempt to reduce the extent of hallucination. These efforts have mostly been empirical so far, which cannot answer the fundamental question whether it can be completely eliminated. In this paper, we formalize the problem and show that it is impossible to eliminate hallucination in LLMs. Specifically, we define a formal world where hallucination is defined as inconsistencies between a computable LLM and a computable ground truth function. By employing results from learning theory, we show that LLMs cannot learn all the computable functions and will therefore inevitably hallucinate if used as general problem solvers. Since the formal world is a part of the real world which is much more complicated, hallucinations are also inevitable for real world LLMs. Furthermore, for real world LLMs constrained by provable time complexity, we describe the hallucination-prone tasks and empirically validate our claims. Finally, using the formal world framework, we discuss the possible mechanisms and efficacies of existing hallucination mitigators as well as the practical implications on the safe deployment of LLMs.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2401.11817\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5cd671efa2af8456c615c5faf54d1be4950f3819\",\n \"result_position\": 57,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 263831293,\n \"title\": \"The Troubling Emergence of Hallucination in Large Language Models - An Extensive Definition, Quantification, and Prescriptive Remediations\",\n \"venue\": \"Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Vipula Rawte\",\n \"Swagata Chakraborty\",\n \"Agnibh Pathak\",\n \"Anubhav Sarkar\",\n \"S.M. Towhidul Islam Tonmoy\",\n \"Islam Tonmoy\",\n \"Aman Chadha\",\n \"Amit P. Sheth\",\n \"Amitava Das\",\n \"Paris\",\n \"A. Sridhar\",\n \"Erik Visser\",\n \"Improved\",\n \"Jianlin Su\",\n \"Yu Lu\",\n \"Shengfeng Pan\",\n \"Ahmed Murtadha\",\n \"Bo Wen\",\n \"Yunfeng Liu\",\n \"Roformer\",\n \"Rohan Taori\",\n \"Ishaan Gulrajani\",\n \"Tianyi Zhang\",\n \"Yann Dubois\",\n \"Xuechen Li\",\n \"Carlos Guestrin\",\n \"Percy Liang\",\n \"Tatsunori Hashimoto\",\n \"Stanford\",\n \"Hugo Touvron\",\n \"Thibaut Lavril\",\n \"Gautier Izacard\",\n \"X. Martinet\",\n \"M. Lachaux\",\n \"Timothée Lacroix\",\n \"Baptiste Rozière\",\n \"Naman Goyal\",\n \"Eric Hambro\",\n \"Faisal Azhar\",\n \"Aur'elien Rodriguez\",\n \"Armand Joulin\",\n \"Thomas Wolf\",\n \"Lysandre Debut\",\n \"Victor Sanh\",\n \"Julien Chaumond\",\n \"Clement Delangue\",\n \"Anthony Moi\",\n \"Pierric Cistac\",\n \"Tim Rault\",\n \"Rémi Louf\",\n \"Morgan Funtow-icz\",\n \"Joe Davison\",\n \"Sam Shleifer\",\n \"Patrick von Platen\",\n \"Clara Ma\",\n \"Yacine Jernite\",\n \"J. Plu\",\n \"Canwen Xu\",\n \"Teven Le Scao\",\n \"Sylvain Gugger\",\n \"Mariama Drame\",\n \"Quentin Lhoest\",\n \"Susan Zhang\",\n \"Stephen Roller\",\n \"Mikel Artetxe\",\n \"Moya Chen\",\n \"Shuohui Chen\",\n \"Christopher De-wan\",\n \"Mona T. Diab\",\n \"Xi Xian Li\",\n \"Todor Victoria Lin\",\n \"Myle Ott\",\n \"Kurt Shuster\",\n \"Punit Daniel Simig\",\n \"S. Koura\",\n \"Anjali Sridhar\",\n \"Tianlu Wang\",\n \"Luke Zettlemoyer. 2022\",\n \"Daniel M. Ziegler\",\n \"Nisan Stiennon\",\n \"Jeffrey Wu\",\n \"Tom B. Brown\",\n \"Alec Radford\",\n \"Dario Amodei\",\n \"Paul F. Chris-tiano\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have garnered widespread acclaim for their remarkable emerging capabilities. However, the issue of hallucination has parallelly emerged as a by-product, posing significant concerns. While some recent endeavors have been made to identify and mitigate different types of hallucination, there has been a limited emphasis on the nuanced categorization of hallucination and associated mitigation methods. To address this gap, we offer a fine-grained discourse on profiling hallucination based on its degree, orientation, and category, along with offering strategies for alleviation. As such, we define two overarching orientations of hallucination: (i) factual mirage (FM) and (ii) silver lining (SL). To provide a more comprehensive understanding, both orientations are further sub-categorized into intrinsic and extrinsic, with three degrees of severity - (i) mild, (ii) moderate, and (iii) alarming. We also meticulously categorize hallucination into six types: (i) acronym ambiguity, (ii) numeric nuisance, (iii) generated golem, (iv) virtual voice, (v) geographic erratum, and (vi) time wrap. Furthermore, we curate HallucInation eLiciTation (HILT), a publicly available dataset comprising of 75,000 samples generated using 15 contemporary LLMs along with human annotations for the aforementioned categories. Finally, to establish a method for quantifying and to offer a comparative spectrum that allows us to evaluate and rank LLMs based on their vulnerability to producing hallucinations, we propose Hallucination Vulnerability Index (HVI). We firmly believe that HVI holds significant value as a tool for the wider NLP community, with the potential to serve as a rubric in AI-related policy-making. In conclusion, we propose two solution strategies for mitigating hallucinations.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2310.04988\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/99bfe503743c5ec8e16e50ab8438159cdb533a89\",\n \"result_position\": 58,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 266690886,\n \"title\": \"Truth Forest: Toward Multi-Scale Truthfulness in Large Language Models through Intervention without Tuning\",\n \"venue\": \"AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Zhongzhi Chen\",\n \"Xingwu Sun\",\n \"Xianfeng Jiao\",\n \"Fengzong Lian\",\n \"Zhanhui Kang\",\n \"Di Wang\",\n \"Chengzhong Xu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Despite the great success of large language models (LLMs) in various tasks, they suffer from generating hallucinations. We introduce Truth Forest, a method that enhances truthfulness in LLMs by uncovering hidden truth representations using multi-dimensional orthogonal probes. Specifically, it creates multiple orthogonal bases for modeling truth by incorporating orthogonal constraints into the probes. Moreover, we introduce Random Peek, a systematic technique considering an extended range of positions within the sequence, reducing the gap between discerning and generating truth features in LLMs. By employing this approach, we improved the truthfulness of Llama-2-7B from 40.8% to 74.5% on TruthfulQA. Likewise, significant improvements are observed in fine-tuned models. We conducted a thorough analysis of truth features using probes. Our visualization results show that orthogonal probes capture complementary truth-related features, forming well-defined clusters that reveal the inherent structure of the dataset.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2312.17484\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a8c0ae1b4f831f4adf4b131ead26229df871534c\",\n \"result_position\": 59,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 267657805,\n \"title\": \"Self-Alignment for Factuality: Mitigating Hallucinations in LLMs via Self-Evaluation\",\n \"venue\": \"Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Xiaoying Zhang\",\n \"Baolin Peng\",\n \"Ye Tian\",\n \"Jingyan Zhou\",\n \"Lifeng Jin\",\n \"Linfeng Song\",\n \"Haitao Mi\",\n \"Helen M. Meng\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Despite showing increasingly human-like abilities, large language models (LLMs) often struggle with factual inaccuracies, i.e.\\\"hallucinations\\\", even when they hold relevant knowledge. To address these hallucinations, current approaches typically necessitate high-quality human factuality annotations. In this work, we explore Self-Alignment for Factuality, where we leverage the self-evaluation capability of an LLM to provide training signals that steer the model towards factuality. Specifically, we incorporate Self-Eval, a self-evaluation component, to prompt an LLM to validate the factuality of its own generated responses solely based on its internal knowledge. Additionally, we design Self-Knowledge Tuning (SK-Tuning) to augment the LLM's self-evaluation ability by improving the model's confidence estimation and calibration. We then utilize these self-annotated responses to fine-tune the model via Direct Preference Optimization algorithm. We show that the proposed self-alignment approach substantially enhances factual accuracy over Llama family models across three key knowledge-intensive tasks on TruthfulQA and BioGEN.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2402.09267\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/32c5b515cab893e5e4bf3f90c8b6c8262bd7ac09\",\n \"result_position\": 60,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 266844012,\n \"title\": \"The Dawn After the Dark: An Empirical Study on Factuality Hallucination in Large Language Models\",\n \"venue\": \"Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Junyi Li\",\n \"Jie Chen\",\n \"Ruiyang Ren\",\n \"Xiaoxue Cheng\",\n \"Wayne Xin Zhao\",\n \"Jian-yun Nie\",\n \"Ji-Rong Wen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In the era of large language models (LLMs), hallucination (i.e., the tendency to generate factually incorrect content) poses great challenge to trustworthy and reliable deployment of LLMs in real-world applications. To tackle the LLM hallucination, three key questions should be well studied: how to detect hallucinations (detection), why do LLMs hallucinate (source), and what can be done to mitigate them (mitigation). To address these challenges, this work presents a systematic empirical study on LLM hallucination, focused on the the three aspects of hallucination detection, source and mitigation. Specially, we construct a new hallucination benchmark HaluEval 2.0, and designs a simple yet effective detection method for LLM hallucination. Furthermore, we zoom into the different training or utilization stages of LLMs and extensively analyze the potential factors that lead to the LLM hallucination. Finally, we implement and examine a series of widely used techniques to mitigate the hallucinations in LLMs. Our work has led to several important findings to understand the hallucination origin and mitigate the hallucinations in LLMs. Our code and data can be accessed at https://github.com/RUCAIBox/HaluEval-2.0.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2401.03205\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1b387e3fbec0447c8bf2dcee21f6db59cdddf698\",\n \"result_position\": 61,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 273638441,\n \"title\": \"A Debate-Driven Experiment on LLM Hallucinations and Accuracy\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Rachel Li\",\n \"Tanishka Bagade\",\n \"K. Martinez\",\n \"F. Yasmin\",\n \"G. Ayala\",\n \"Michael Lam\",\n \"Kevin Zhu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large language models (LLMs) have achieved a degree of success in generating coherent and contextually relevant text, yet they remain prone to a significant challenge known as hallucination: producing information that is not substantiated by the input or external knowledge. Previous efforts to mitigate hallucinations have focused on techniques such as fine-tuning models on high-quality datasets, incorporating fact-checking mechanisms, and developing adversarial training methods. While these approaches have shown some promise, they often address the issue at the level of individual model outputs, leaving unexplored the effects of inter-model interactions on hallucination. This study investigates the phenomenon of hallucination in LLMs through a novel experimental framework where multiple instances of GPT-4o-Mini models engage in a debate-like interaction prompted with questions from the TruthfulQA dataset. One model is deliberately instructed to generate plausible but false answers while the other models are asked to respond truthfully. The experiment is designed to assess whether the introduction of misinformation by one model can challenge the truthful majority to better justify their reasoning, improving performance on the TruthfulQA benchmark. The findings suggest that inter-model interactions can offer valuable insights into improving the accuracy and robustness of LLM outputs, complementing existing mitigation strategies.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2410.19485\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/50ac06376e107b3327df97de8928b993392c2036\",\n \"result_position\": 62,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 264935057,\n \"title\": \"Learn to Refuse: Making Large Language Models More Controllable and Reliable through Knowledge Scope Limitation and Refusal Mechanism\",\n \"venue\": \"Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Lang Cao\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive language understanding and generation capabilities, enabling them to answer a wide range of questions across various domains. However, these models are not flawless and often produce responses that contain errors or misinformation. These inaccuracies, commonly referred to as hallucinations, render LLMs unreliable and even unusable in many scenarios. In this paper, our focus is on mitigating the issue of hallucination in LLMs, particularly in the context of question-answering. Instead of attempting to answer all questions, we explore a refusal mechanism that instructs LLMs to refuse to answer challenging questions in order to avoid errors. We then propose a simple yet effective solution called Learn to Refuse (L2R), which incorporates the refusal mechanism to enable LLMs to recognize and refuse to answer questions that they find difficult to address. To achieve this, we utilize a structured knowledge base to represent all the LLM’s understanding of the world, enabling it to provide traceable gold knowledge. This knowledge base is separate from the LLM and initially empty. It can be filled with validated knowledge and progressively expanded. When an LLM encounters questions outside its domain, the system recognizes its knowledge scope and determines whether it can answer the question independently. Additionally, we introduce a method for automatically and efficiently expanding the knowledge base of LLMs. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis, we demonstrate that our approach enhances the controllability and reliability of LLMs.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2311.01041\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/01bf8ade86d33ee2fe08780a51bdf59f9ee171b6\",\n \"result_position\": 63,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 270703114,\n \"title\": \"Semantic Entropy Probes: Robust and Cheap Hallucination Detection in LLMs\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jannik Kossen\",\n \"Jiatong Han\",\n \"Muhammed Razzak\",\n \"L. Schut\",\n \"Shreshth A. Malik\",\n \"Y. Gal\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"We propose semantic entropy probes (SEPs), a cheap and reliable method for uncertainty quantification in Large Language Models (LLMs). Hallucinations, which are plausible-sounding but factually incorrect and arbitrary model generations, present a major challenge to the practical adoption of LLMs. Recent work by Farquhar et al. (2024) proposes semantic entropy (SE), which can detect hallucinations by estimating uncertainty in the space semantic meaning for a set of model generations. However, the 5-to-10-fold increase in computation cost associated with SE computation hinders practical adoption. To address this, we propose SEPs, which directly approximate SE from the hidden states of a single generation. SEPs are simple to train and do not require sampling multiple model generations at test time, reducing the overhead of semantic uncertainty quantification to almost zero. We show that SEPs retain high performance for hallucination detection and generalize better to out-of-distribution data than previous probing methods that directly predict model accuracy. Our results across models and tasks suggest that model hidden states capture SE, and our ablation studies give further insights into the token positions and model layers for which this is the case.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2406.15927\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/648375ec8d90cb792de76030223539498612102e\",\n \"result_position\": 64,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 273233951,\n \"title\": \"Automatic Curriculum Expert Iteration for Reliable LLM Reasoning\",\n \"venue\": \"International Conference on Learning Representations\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Zirui Zhao\",\n \"Hanze Dong\",\n \"Amrita Saha\",\n \"Caiming Xiong\",\n \"Doyen Sahoo\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Hallucinations (i.e., generating plausible but inaccurate content) and laziness (i.e. excessive refusals or defaulting to\\\"I don't know\\\") persist as major challenges in LLM reasoning. Current efforts to reduce hallucinations primarily focus on factual errors in knowledge-grounded tasks, often neglecting hallucinations related to faulty reasoning. Meanwhile, some approaches render LLMs overly conservative, limiting their problem-solving capabilities. To mitigate hallucination and laziness in reasoning tasks, we propose Automatic Curriculum Expert Iteration (Auto-CEI) to enhance LLM reasoning and align responses to the model's capabilities--assertively answering within its limits and declining when tasks exceed them. In our method, Expert Iteration explores the reasoning trajectories near the LLM policy, guiding incorrect paths back on track to reduce compounding errors and improve robustness; it also promotes appropriate\\\"I don't know\\\"responses after sufficient reasoning attempts. The curriculum automatically adjusts rewards, incentivizing extended reasoning before acknowledging incapability, thereby pushing the limits of LLM reasoning and aligning its behaviour with these limits. We compare Auto-CEI with various SOTA baselines across logical reasoning, mathematics, and planning tasks, where Auto-CEI achieves superior alignment by effectively balancing assertiveness and conservativeness. The code is available at https://github.com/SalesforceAIResearch/Auto-CEI .\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2410.07627\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f820624b5738ae079cd83980143c958d5c58653b\",\n \"result_position\": 65,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 272690216,\n \"title\": \"HALO: Hallucination Analysis and Learning Optimization to Empower LLMs with Retrieval-Augmented Context for Guided Clinical Decision Making\",\n \"venue\": \"IEEE/ACM International Conference on Connected Health: Applications, Systems and Engineering Technologies\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Sumera Anjum\",\n \"Hanzhi Zhang\",\n \"Wenjun Zhou\",\n \"E. Paek\",\n \"Xiaopeng Zhao\",\n \"Yunhe Feng\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced natural language processing tasks, yet they are susceptible to generating inaccurate or unreliable responses, a phenomenon known as hallucination. In critical domains such as health and medicine, these hallucinations can pose serious risks. This paper introduces HALO, a novel framework designed to enhance the accuracy and reliability of medical question-answering (QA) systems by focusing on the detection and mitigation of hallucinations. Our approach generates multiple variations of a given query using LLMs and retrieves relevant information from external open knowledge bases to enrich the context. We utilize maximum marginal relevance scoring to prioritize the retrieved context, which is then provided to LLMs for answer generation, thereby reducing the risk of hallucinations. The integration of LangChain further streamlines this process, resulting in a notable and robust increase in the accuracy of both open-source and commercial LLMs, such as Llama-3.1 (from 44% to 66%) and ChatGPT (from 56% to 70%). This framework underscores the critical importance of addressing hallucinations in medical QA systems, ultimately improving clinical decision-making and patient care. The open-source HALO is available at: https://github.com/ResponsibleAILab/HALO.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1145/3721201.3721385\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e461e9d183724e86e481ee382084b7d86dec45f6\",\n \"result_position\": 66,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 272550910,\n \"title\": \"LaMsS: When Large Language Models Meet Self-Skepticism\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yetao Wu\",\n \"Yihong Wang\",\n \"Teng Chen\",\n \"Ningyuan Xi\",\n \"Qingqing Gu\",\n \"Hongyang Lei\",\n \"Luo Ji\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Hallucination is a major challenge for large language models (LLMs), preventing their further application in some fields. The skeptical thinking of humankind could be useful for LLMs to self-cognition, self-reflection and alleviate their hallucinations. Inspired by this consideration, we propose a novel approach called LaMsS, which combines the semantic understanding capability of LLMs with self-skepticism. By introducing a series of skepticism tokens and augmenting them into the vocabulary, we conduct both pertaining and finetuning, which allow the LLM to decode each normal token followed by a skeptical token, representing different skepticism levels. By calculating the response skepticism given a query, one can define a new self-aware LLM which is only willing to answer with relative lower skepticism level than the threshold. By examining the accuracy, AUC and AP of willingly answering questions, we demonstrate that LaMsS achieves better performance than baselines on both multi-choice questions and open-domain question-answering benchmarks, and can generalize to multi-task and out-of-domain settings. Our study sheds some lights on the self-skepticism modeling on further artificial intelligence. Project code and model checkpoints can be found in https://anonymous.4open.science/r/SM-1E76.\",\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0bf6adf6e5136abd8a22ea4448b121c72486389a\",\n \"result_position\": 67,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 263908902,\n \"title\": \"Impact of Co-occurrence on Factual Knowledge of Large Language Models\",\n \"venue\": \"Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Cheongwoong Kang\",\n \"Jaesik Choi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large language models (LLMs) often make factually incorrect responses despite their success in various applications. In this paper, we hypothesize that relying heavily on simple co-occurrence statistics of the pre-training corpora is one of the main factors that cause factual errors. Our results reveal that LLMs are vulnerable to the co-occurrence bias, defined as preferring frequently co-occurred words over the correct answer. Consequently, LLMs struggle to recall facts whose subject and object rarely co-occur in the pre-training dataset although they are seen during finetuning. We show that co-occurrence bias remains despite scaling up model sizes or finetuning. Therefore, we suggest finetuning on a debiased dataset to mitigate the bias by filtering out biased samples whose subject-object co-occurrence count is high. Although debiased finetuning allows LLMs to memorize rare facts in the training set, it is not effective in recalling rare facts unseen during finetuning. Further research in mitigation will help build reliable language models by preventing potential errors. The code is available at \\\\url{https://github.com/CheongWoong/impact_of_cooccurrence}.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2310.08256\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d8355d1bc02ca6b11125027a5d85d0b32fa30f66\",\n \"result_position\": 68,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 272599907,\n \"title\": \"Securing Large Language Models: Addressing Bias, Misinformation, and Prompt Attacks\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Benji Peng\",\n \"Keyu Chen\",\n \"Ming Li\",\n \"Pohsun Feng\",\n \"Ziqian Bi\",\n \"Junyu Liu\",\n \"Qian Niu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities across various fields, yet their increasing use raises critical security concerns. This article reviews recent literature addressing key issues in LLM security, with a focus on accuracy, bias, content detection, and vulnerability to attacks. Issues related to inaccurate or misleading outputs from LLMs is discussed, with emphasis on the implementation from fact-checking methodologies to enhance response reliability. Inherent biases within LLMs are critically examined through diverse evaluation techniques, including controlled input studies and red teaming exercises. A comprehensive analysis of bias mitigation strategies is presented, including approaches from pre-processing interventions to in-training adjustments and post-processing refinements. The article also probes the complexity of distinguishing LLM-generated content from human-produced text, introducing detection mechanisms like DetectGPT and watermarking techniques while noting the limitations of machine learning enabled classifiers under intricate circumstances. Moreover, LLM vulnerabilities, including jailbreak attacks and prompt injection exploits, are analyzed by looking into different case studies and large-scale competitions like HackAPrompt. This review is concluded by retrospecting defense mechanisms to safeguard LLMs, accentuating the need for more extensive research into the LLM security field.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2409.08087\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/521120e989fb89d7cc0fec1a543701752feec31f\",\n \"result_position\": 69,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 265157648,\n \"title\": \"Insights into Classifying and Mitigating LLMs' Hallucinations\",\n \"venue\": \"AIxPAC@AI*IA\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Alessandro Bruno\",\n \"P. Mazzeo\",\n \"Aladine Chetouani\",\n \"Marouane Tliba\",\n \"M. A. Kerkouri\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The widespread adoption of large language models (LLMs) across diverse AI applications is proof of the outstanding achievements obtained in several tasks, such as text mining, text generation, and question answering. However, LLMs are not exempt from drawbacks. One of the most concerning aspects regards the emerging problematic phenomena known as\\\"Hallucinations\\\". They manifest in text generation systems, particularly in question-answering systems reliant on LLMs, potentially resulting in false or misleading information propagation. This paper delves into the underlying causes of AI hallucination and elucidates its significance in artificial intelligence. In particular, Hallucination classification is tackled over several tasks (Machine Translation, Question and Answer, Dialog Systems, Summarisation Systems, Knowledge Graph with LLMs, and Visual Question Answer). Additionally, we explore potential strategies to mitigate hallucinations, aiming to enhance the overall reliability of LLMs. Our research addresses this critical issue within the HeReFaNMi (Health-Related Fake News Mitigation) project, generously supported by NGI Search, dedicated to combating Health-Related Fake News dissemination on the Internet. This endeavour represents a concerted effort to safeguard the integrity of information dissemination in an age of evolving AI technologies.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2311.08117\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0c7f6e2d8b4feed05affb9a3e9b2591e19fe461e\",\n \"result_position\": 70,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 276776362,\n \"title\": \"Shakespearean Sparks: The Dance of Hallucination and Creativity in LLMs' Decoding Layers\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Zicong He\",\n \"Boxuan Zhang\",\n \"Lu Cheng\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large language models (LLMs) are known to hallucinate, a phenomenon often linked to creativity. While previous research has primarily explored this connection through theoretical or qualitative lenses, our work takes a quantitative approach to systematically examine the relationship between hallucination and creativity in LLMs. Given the complex nature of creativity, we propose a narrow definition tailored to LLMs and introduce an evaluation framework, HCL, which quantifies Hallucination and Creativity across different Layers of LLMs during decoding. Our empirical analysis reveals a tradeoff between hallucination and creativity that is consistent across layer depth, model type, and model size. Notably, across different model architectures, we identify a specific layer at each model size that optimally balances this tradeoff. Additionally, the optimal layer tends to appear in the early layers of larger models, and the confidence of the model is also significantly higher at this layer. These findings provide a quantitative perspective that offers new insights into the interplay between LLM creativity and hallucination. The code and data for our experiments are available at https://github.com/ZicongHe2002/HCL-Spark.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2503.02851\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b3118180a57ceebb81fa963e0d372b2078ee59fa\",\n \"result_position\": 71,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 273654281,\n \"title\": \"Maintaining Informative Coherence: Migrating Hallucinations in Large Language Models via Absorbing Markov Chains\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jiemin Wu\",\n \"Songning Lai\",\n \"Ruiqiang Xiao\",\n \"Tianlang Xue\",\n \"Jiayu Yang\",\n \"Yutao Yue\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large Language Models (LLMs) are powerful tools for text generation, translation, and summarization, but they often suffer from hallucinations-instances where they fail to maintain the fidelity and coherence of contextual information during decoding, sometimes overlooking critical details due to their sampling strategies and inherent biases from training data and fine-tuning discrepancies. These hallucinations can propagate through the web, affecting the trustworthiness of information disseminated online. To address this issue, we propose a novel decoding strategy that leverages absorbing Markov chains to quantify the significance of contextual information and measure the extent of information loss during generation. By considering all possible paths from the first to the last token, our approach enhances the reliability of model outputs without requiring additional training or external data. Evaluations on datasets including TruthfulQA, FACTOR, and HaluEval highlight the superior performance of our method in mitigating hallucinations, underscoring the necessity of ensuring accurate information flow in web-based applications.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2410.20340\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9b4f310f135c05b2617372fd6794032b16547644\",\n \"result_position\": 72,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 275119269,\n \"title\": \"From Hallucinations to Facts: Enhancing Language Models with Curated Knowledge Graphs\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"R. Joshi\",\n \"Sagnik Sengupta\",\n \"Asif Ekbal\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Hallucination, a persistent challenge plaguing language models, undermines their efficacy and trustworthiness in various natural language processing endeavors by generating responses that deviate from factual accuracy or coherence. This paper addresses language model hallucination by integrating curated knowledge graph (KG) triples to anchor responses in empirical data. We meticulously select and integrate relevant KG triples tailored to specific contexts, enhancing factual grounding and alignment with input. Our contribution involves constructing a comprehensive KG repository from Wikipedia and refining data to spotlight essential information for model training. By imbuing language models with access to this curated knowledge, we aim to generate both linguistically fluent responses and deeply rooted in factual accuracy and context relevance. This integration mitigates hallucinations by providing a robust foundation of information, enabling models to draw upon a rich reservoir of factual data during response generation. Experimental evaluations demonstrate the effectiveness of multiple approaches in reducing hallucinatory responses, underscoring the role of curated knowledge graphs in improving the reliability and trustworthiness of language model outputs.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2412.18672\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9c3ff254d086e1da6363168ae8bf38f4bef5f6f8\",\n \"result_position\": 73,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 273877743,\n \"title\": \"Prompt-Guided Internal States for Hallucination Detection of Large Language Models\",\n \"venue\": \"Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Fujie Zhang\",\n \"Peiqi Yu\",\n \"Biao Yi\",\n \"Baolei Zhang\",\n \"Tong Li\",\n \"Zheli Liu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a variety of tasks in different domains. However, they sometimes generate responses that are logically coherent but factually incorrect or misleading, which is known as LLM hallucinations. Data-driven supervised methods train hallucination detectors by leveraging the internal states of LLMs, but detectors trained on specific domains often struggle to generalize well to other domains. In this paper, we aim to enhance the cross-domain performance of supervised detectors with only in-domain data. We propose a novel framework, prompt-guided internal states for hallucination detection of LLMs, namely PRISM. By utilizing appropriate prompts to guide changes to the structure related to text truthfulness in LLMs' internal states, we make this structure more salient and consistent across texts from different domains. We integrated our framework with existing hallucination detection methods and conducted experiments on datasets from different domains. The experimental results indicate that our framework significantly enhances the cross-domain generalization of existing hallucination detection methods.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2411.04847\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3958a9fb002c400023958de584359902ef1e8a66\",\n \"result_position\": 74,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":90,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"I need to find the article in which the Motivational and Self-Regulated Learning Components of Classroom Academic Performance questionnaire has been evaluated using factor analysis. there is a long and a short version. I need the factor analysis results of the short version"},"query_timestamp":{"kind":"string","value":"2025-05-14T05:39:34.447461+00:00"},"thread_id":{"kind":"string","value":"5a62deb6d663c6c27f0ff28a8e7269d69aa076bc36256b8c9389baef586177fd"},"num_shown":{"kind":"number","value":28,"string":"28"},"num_clicked":{"kind":"number","value":1,"string":"1"},"has_clicks":{"kind":"bool","value":true,"string":"true"},"shown_papers":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"corpus_id":229483567,"title":"Academic Achievement and Failure in University Studies: Motivational and Emotional Factors","venue":"Sustainability","year":2020,"authors":["Raquel Gilar-Corbí","Teresa Pozo-Rico","J. Castejón","Tarquino Sanchez","I. Sandoval-Palis","Jack Vidal"],"abstract":"Universities are committed to offering quality education; however, a high rate of academic failure is often observed in the first year of studies. Considering the impact that motivation and emotional aspects can have on students’ commitment to study and therefore on their academic performance, achievement, and well-being, this study aims to identify the factors associated with academic success or failure in 1071 students entering the National Polytechnic School (Quito, Ecuador). The data were compiled from the existing computer records of the university with the permission of the responsible administrative staff. A predictive model has been used and a binary logistic regression analysis was carried out through the step-forward regression procedure based on the Wald statistic to analyze the predictive capacity of the variables related to emotional intelligence, motivational and self- regulated socio-cognitive skills, goal orientation, and prior academic achievement (measured by university entrance marks and through a knowledge test carried out at the beginning of the university academic year). To determine the cut-off point for the best discriminatory power of each of the variables, a Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve analysis has been used. The results indicate that the variables that are significant in the prediction of academic success or failure are the two academic performance measures: the emotional attention variable, and the performance-approach goals and the motivational self-efficacy variable. Additionally, the highest predictive power is displayed by the prior academic performance measure obtained through the knowledge test conducted at the beginning of the university course.","doi":"10.3390/su12239798","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e36982b10571f8642794f3cf003e42da91dd446f","result_position":0,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":225059577,"title":"The Influence of Transformational Teacher Leadership on Academic Motivation and Resilience, Burnout and Academic Performance","venue":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","year":2020,"authors":["R. Trigueros","Ana Padilla","J. M. Aguilar-Parra","I. Mercader","R. López-Liria","P. Rocamora"],"abstract":"Currently, the university failure rate is around 33% of students starting their studies. Among the main reasons are demanding academic situations and the use of inappropriate coping strategies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the influence of teacher leadership on academic resilience and motivation, burnout, and academic performance. This study involved 3354 university students. A structural equation model was made to analyze the predictive relationships between the study’s variables. The results showed that teacher leadership positively predicted academic resilience and motivation; academic resilience negatively predicted burnout and positively predicted academic performance; likewise, academic motivation negatively predicted burnout and positively predicted academic performance; finally, burnout negatively predicted academic resilience.","doi":"10.3390/ijerph17207687","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/eedfda234eb900f158af6079d18f9c30970227e7","result_position":1,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":261449704,"title":"Classroom Management, Motivation and Academic Performance: The Perspective of Students in Business English Classes at Ba Ria-Vung Tau University","venue":"International Journal of Current Science Research and Review","year":2023,"authors":["Nguyen Xuan Hong","Nguyen Thi Phuong Anh"],"abstract":"This study applied self-determination theory to understand the roles of teacher’s behavioral control and care in student learning outcomes. The research explored the relationship between components of classroom management and academic performance via the mediating role of motivation to learn of students in Business English classes at Ba Ria – Vung Tau University. By applying qualitative research combined with quantitative research (mixed method), this research tested the relationship between classroom management (teacher behavioral control, teacher care), motivation to learn and academic performance. The research results indicated that teacher behavioral control and teacher care have positive relationships with motivation to learn and academic performance; motivation to learn is positively related to academic performance. In addition, motivation to learn plays a partial mediator role between classroom management and academic performance. Finally, the study proposed some implications for administrators and teachers in improving classroom management to increase the motivation to learn and the academic performance of students in Business English classes at Ba Ria – Vung Tau University.","doi":"10.47191/ijcsrr/v6-i8-77","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4eadac6a09af91e7068ceeb036c497c2f135ac62","result_position":2,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":252822675,"title":"Investigating Students’ Learning Motivation Based on Value, Expectancy and Affective Components","venue":"International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences","year":2022,"authors":["N. Jenal","Siti Aishah Taib","S. M. Mohammad Iliyas","Nadzrah Sa’adan","Noorsyarzielah Saleh","Maisarah Noorezam"],"abstract":"Students’ Based Expectancy, and Affective Abstract Students’ learning motivation has been affected greatly during the COVID -19 pandemic due to the new challenges posed by the online learning environment. Thus, this study aims to investigate how the value, expectancy, and affective components form students’ learning motivation during this crisis. This quantitative study was conducted by distributing a Likert-scale questionnaire with three main sections: Section A- Value Components (12 items), Section B- Expectancy Components (7 items), and Section C- Affective Components: Test Anxiety (5 items), to students at a public university in Malaysia. The questionnaire was answered by 150 respondents and the data were analysed by using descriptive statistics via IBM SPSS version 28. The findings revealed that the respondents reacted positively in all the three components: Value, Expectancy, and Affective Components. In the Value Components, extrinsic goal orientation received the highest mean scores when compared with intrinsic goal motivation orientation and task value beliefs, while in the Expectancy Components, control beliefs for learning obtaining higher mean scores than students’ perception of self -efficacy. Meanwhile, in Affective Component, the findings demonstrate that the respondents were anxious in taking a test or an exam. Pedagogical implications and future research of the study were also discussed in this paper. the detrimental impact of English language learning demotivation on the language learning outcomes of university students. Participating in the study were 215 second-year undergraduates from two public universities in Balochistan, Pakistan, who had registered in an English programme. A 40-item English language learning demotivation questionnaire was utilised to assess academic resilience (Wagnild, 2009) and personality characteristics (John et al., 1991). Compared to the classroom environment, classroom resources, and class characteristics, the study found that teacher behaviour has a minor effect on students' motivation. Additionally, internal factors negatively impacted learners' motivation and were influenced by external influences. Students lost interest in learning the English language, for instance, due to irrelevant and complex language education resources. For the five qualities of resilience, the results showed that perseverance negatively influenced the six components of language learning. Still, the meaning had a substantial adverse impact on class features and failure experiences. In addition, personal qualities contribute to demotivating elements, indicating that conscientious learners were equipped with self-discipline, productivity, meticulousness, and confidence. The personality trait of openness was found to be associated with instructor behaviours, characteristics of classes, and classroom resources to address potential demotivators, as well as correlating metacognitive the survey and the of the multiple regression revealed that metacognitive self-regulation and cumulative GPA were statistically significant variables to successful course Implications and applications of this study include the importance of and self-regulation and the use of learning strategies in the specific context of learning lower-level Spanish classes.","doi":"10.6007/ijarbss/v12-i10/14879","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/75913f207ff4720d2f80c6751f312a156c832d1f","result_position":3,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":159020714,"title":"The Influence of Interactive Learning Materials on Self-Regulated Learning and Learning Satisfaction of Primary School Teachers in Mongolia","venue":"","year":2018,"authors":["Shengru Li","Shinobu Yamaguchi","Jun-ichi Takada"],"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of interactive learning materials on learners’ self-regulated learning processes and learning satisfaction. A two-group experimental design was employed for 285 primary school teachers involved in teacher training. Teachers in the experimental group utilised interactive learning materials along with training videos and guidelines for their self-development at the school level. Teachers in the control group conducted self-development only with training videos and guidelines. The result was analysed using self-regulated learning theory explaining how one’s self-regulation processes affect learning satisfaction. Five self-regulation processes were identified in this study: internal motivation, motivation for better assessment, planning and organizing skills, critical and positive thinking skills, and effort regulation. The analysis was conducted in two steps. First, t-test analysis was used to identify the significant differences between the experimental group and the control group. The analysis revealed: (1) teachers conducting self-development with interactive learning materials were highly motivated to achieve better teacher assessment, (2) teachers with interactive learning materials had higher learning satisfaction. Second, the study further investigated the effect of interactive materials on the relationship between self-regulation processes and learning satisfaction, using moderation analysis. The results showed that interactive materials significantly affect the relationship between motivation for better assessment and learning satisfaction, as well as the relationship between internal motivation and learning satisfaction. These results were complemented by qualitative analysis including interviews and focus group discussions with teachers.","doi":"10.3390/SU10041093","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dd4d69613317b8cc3afed358626067a4592ffa1c","result_position":4,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":55304159,"title":"Development of the Czech Version of the Questionnaire on Self-Regulated Learning of Students","venue":"The New Educational Review","year":2011,"authors":["K. Hrbáčková","J. Hladik","S. Vávrová","Vlastimil Švec"],"abstract":"The authors of the paper aim to briefly describe the issues connected with self-regulated learning and thus present the first attempt at measuring the level of self-regulated learning of university students. The aim of the questionnaire survey, which was carried out among the students of auxiliary services professions at Tomas Bata University in Zlin, was to verify the validity and reliability of assessment scales of the first version of the Questionnaire on students’ selfregulated learning (DAUS). Factor analysis proved that the strongest factor of self-regulated learning is goal orientation (F1) followed by self-efficacy (F2), metacognitive strategies (F3) and study value (F4). The internal consistency of the questionnaire survey and individual scale differentials vary in the range of α = 0.77 to 0.91.","doi":"10.15804/tner.11.26.4.02","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b1c44aa625acd72f321a3336c4fe0c0d8da5741c","result_position":5,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":246517625,"title":"PROFILE OF STUDENT SELF-REGULATION LEARNING IN APPLYING TEACHING SKILLS IN ONLINE LEARNING.","venue":"International journal of social science","year":2022,"authors":["Sudarman","Noor Ellyawati","Riyo Riyadi","Ratna Fitri Astuti"],"abstract":"The conceptual framework for understanding cognitive, motivational, and self-regulated learning determines the emotional aspects of the learning process. This study aims to investigate student self-regulation learning in applying teaching skills in online learning situations. The survey method is used to find out whether students really plan, organize, and help their own learning. We have asked questions according to the indicators of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire instrument. The participants of this study were students of the Economics Education Study Program, Counseling Guidance, History, Pancasila and Civic Education, Mathematics, Indonesian Literature, and English Literature. The total participants were 116, with a composition of 25.86% male and 74.14% female. The results showed that students' self-regulation was in the medium group as many as 20 people (17.24%), the high group as many as 84 people (72.42%) and the very high group as many as 12 people (10.34%). Meanwhile, student self-regulation for each indicator achieved consists of a reherseal indicator of 31.96% in a poor group, an elaboration indicator of 57.73% in a good group, an organization indicator of 0% in a very poor group, an effort regulation indicator of 0% in a very poor group, and metacognitive indicators of 28.87% in a poor group. Based on the self-regulation group of each student and the percentage of achievement in self-regulation for each indicator, it is said that the participants already have good rehearsal and elaboration abilities, but need to improve their self-regulation skills, and independence to learn and solve problems.","doi":"10.53625/ijss.v1i5.1312","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/91d84f52b2c28180d08b85a4534b18456d53cdf6","result_position":6,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":18128378,"title":"Motivational and self-regulated learning components of classroom academic performance.","venue":"","year":1990,"authors":["P. Pintrich","E. D. Groot"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1037/0022-0663.82.1.33","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/aa39a6a7a67f1bfbb7109f783e72d65b26692d21","result_position":7,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":255911635,"title":"Adapting the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire to the Japanese Problem-Based Learning Context: A Validation Study","venue":"Children","year":2023,"authors":["Osamu Nomura","Yuki Soma","Hiroshi Kijima","Yasushi Matsuyama"],"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly changed medical education, and medical trainees’ self-regulation has become more emphasized. In Japan, the concept of self-regulated learning has not been fully applied in health profession education due to a lack of effective measurement tools. We aimed to validate the translated Japanese version of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire in the context of Problem-Based Learning (J-MSLQ-PBL). The questionnaire employs a seven-point Likert-type scale with 81 items and is categorized into two sections: motivation and learning strategies. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted by using Promax rotation to examine the factor structure of the scale, using the collected data from 112 Japanese medical students. Factor extraction was based on a scree plot investigation, and an item was accepted when the factor loading was ≥0.40. In the motivation section, the extracted factors from the EFA were well aligned with the subscales of the original MSLQ, including “Self-Efficacy for Learning and Performance”, “Task Value”, “Self-Efficacy for Learning and Performance”, “Test Anxiety”, “Extrinsic Goal Orientation”, and “Intrinsic Goal Orientation”. In the learning strategies, the extracted factors poorly matched the structure of the original subscales. This discrepancy could be explained by insufficient translation, the limited sample size from a single medical school, or cross-cultural differences in learning strategies between Western and Japanese medical students. Only the motivation part of the J-MSLQ-PBL should be implemented to measure the competency elements of self-regulated learning in Japan.","doi":"10.3390/children10010154","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/60c035d049eb694b3c40bed23802269e0dd93717","result_position":8,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":245419815,"title":"Analyzing Postgraduates’ Motivation in Writing Master Dissertation","venue":"International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences","year":2021,"authors":["Azizan Zainuddin","Memiyanty Abd Rahim","Radduan Yusof","Suhaimi Abd. Samad","Nor hafizah Mohamed Harith","Noor Hanim Rahmat"],"abstract":"Motivation is an important element in determining students’ learning and achievements during their study period. This study investigates problems faced by students in writing a dissertation at the postgraduate level. Postgraduate and research students are found to be under constant pressure which leads to demotivation to finish their studies within the candidacy period. This article utilizes the cross-sectional quantitative research method. The research data were obtained through self-administered online questionnaires that were distributed to 72 postgraduate students from 3 different programs who were selected using the convenient sampling technique. The research participants are those who have opted to write a dissertation as a partial requirement to graduate. The findings were analyzed using mean statistics to explore rhetorical problems learners face in the writing of their dissertation. The findings show that the value component that includes intrinsic and extrinsic goal orientation portrays the respondents' priority to make sure that they can better understand the requirements in writing the dissertation. Nevertheless, results of the study which has been developed under the three main components items namely value , expectancy and affective are useful for teachers to take into consideration the factors that motivate and influence postgraduate students to keep writing their dissertation. Hence, future researchers should consider bringing the study to another level by including students’ participation f rom myriad universities and states to ensure that a better solution can be provided in enhancing students’ motivation in writing their dissertation.","doi":"10.6007/ijarbss/v11-i12/11460","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f86072bea7d7cb8882696f3b1c6299d76e45ba5a","result_position":9,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":265696236,"title":"The factor structure of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ): new methodological approaches and evidence","venue":"Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica","year":2023,"authors":["Jhonys de Araujo","C. M. A. Gomes","E. Jelihovschi"],"abstract":"Background The area of self-regulated learning integrates the fields of metacognition and self-regulation and assumes that the student is an active processor of information capable of self-regulating his learning by putting together the cognitive, metacognitive, and motivational components. The Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) is a benchmark for the measurement of self-regulated learning. However, the field of study does not show adequate evidence of its structural validity. The vast majority of studies involving this question present serious methodological mistakes, compromising the evidence of validity. Objective Our study investigates the structural validity of MSLQ including all 15 scales and corrects relevant mistakes in the previous studies. Method We tested different models through item confirmatory factor analysis in a convenience sample of 670 college students ( M = 22.8 years, SD = 5.2) from a public Brazilian university in the technological area. The models with the ML, MLR, MLM and WLMSV estimators. Results Only WLSMV produced models with acceptable fit. The final model has a bi-factor structure with a general factor (self-regulated learning), 15 components as first-order factors, and four broad components as second-order factors. Twelve first-order components, all second-order components and the general factor had acceptable reliability. The components’ elaboration, intrinsic goal orientation and metacognitive self-regulation, did not show acceptable reliability, in terms of McDonald’s omega. Conclusion Considering the worldwide importance of the MSLQ, we do not recommend the use of the measurement of these components for clinical practice and psychoeducational diagnosis until new studies show that this low reliability only occurs in our sample. Our study shows new evidence, correcting many previous methodological mistakes and producing initial evidence favorable to the factor structure of the MSLQ.","doi":"10.1186/s41155-023-00280-0","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/52374844fb5211c6af051459109e93a5de3db759","result_position":10,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":250364973,"title":"Self-Regulated Learning Strategies as Predictors of Perceived Learning Gains among Undergraduate Students in Ethiopian Universities","venue":"Education sciences","year":2022,"authors":["Tefera Tadesse","Aemero Asmamaw","K. Getachew","Bekalu Ferede","Wudu Melese","Matthias Siebeck","Martin R. Fischer"],"abstract":"Despite increasing focus on the importance of self–regulated learning for undergraduate students in universities in recent years, very little is known about its specific features in universities in developing countries, in general, and Ethiopia, in particular. This study examined the relationships of self-regulated learning strategies (SRLSs) with perceived learning and further assessed the relationships within the SRLS components in Ethiopian public universities. For this, the authors adopted Pintrich’s self-regulation theory as a guiding framework and used structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis. The sample used in the analysis pooled survey data from three randomly selected public universities and included volunteer undergraduate students having a major in Business and Economics and Engineering and Technology fields (n = 1142; male = 700 and female = 442), with mean age = 21.98 and SD = 2.50. The results indicated that the student SRLS and perceived learning gains scores were average values in terms of the magnitude of those measured variables. A two–step hierarchical regression analysis showed that the five components of SRLS that emerged from SEM analysis significantly predicted students’ perceived learning over and above the control variables (ΔR2 ≥ 0.38 and 39%) for the total samples. Moreover, the regression results showed that greater predictions were observed for the help–seeking component (0.35 ≤ β ≥ 0.47) than others, significantly positively predicting the perceived learning for the total samples. Overall, the findings of this study indicate that the SRLSs are relevant mechanisms to aid student success in higher education. The implications of the study are highlighted.","doi":"10.3390/educsci12070468","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/94247b1022d12ce5e0d1da6e4840327095ab2daa","result_position":11,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":150268796,"title":"Validating and Adapting the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) for STEM Courses at an HBCU","venue":"AERA Open","year":2018,"authors":["Caesar R. Jackson"],"abstract":"This study investigated the validity and reliability of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) for minority students enrolled in STEM courses at a historically black college/university (HBCU). Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the third-order factor structure and to respecify the model. An adequate fit to the study sample data was achieved for the respecified MSLQ (MSLQ-R), and measurement invariance was verified on four groups within the HBCU sample. The highest correlates with EOC grade on the MSLQ-R were self-efficacy, task value, effort regulation, and time and study environment. Metacognitive self-regulation and strategy use variables were found to not correlate with EOC grade. A useful capability to discriminate on the basis of academic performance was exhibited by the MSLQ-R.","doi":"10.1177/2332858418809346","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cd19794dfaf27134c1121e33dcc578180c73d6bb","result_position":12,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":245908171,"title":"Slovenian Validation of the Children’s Perceived Use of Self-Regulated Learning Inventory","venue":"Frontiers in Psychology","year":2022,"authors":["L. Komidar","A. Podlesek","Tina Pirc","S. Pečjak","Katja Depolli Steiner","Melita Puklek Levpušček","Alenka Gril","Bojana Boh Podgornik","A. Hladnik","A. Kavčič","Ciril Bohak","Žiga Lesar","M. Marolt","Matevž Pesek","C. Peklaj"],"abstract":"The importance of self-regulated learning (SRL) has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic and measures for assessing students’ self-regulation skills and knowledge are greatly needed. We present the results of the first thorough adaptation of the Children’s Perceived use of Self-Regulated Learning Inventory (CP-SRLI). The inventory, consisting of 15 scales measuring nine components of SRL, was administered to a sample of 541 Slovenian ninth graders. Confirmatory factor analyses supported internal structure validity of most components, but two components required some structural modifications. Internal consistency coefficients were acceptable for the majority of scale scores and were highly comparable to the original ones. While metric invariance across gender was confirmed, the scalar invariance of some scales needs further examination. Meaningful correlations with relevant externally assessed and self-reported self-regulation and school performance variables indicated good criterion validity of the inventory. The Slovenian version of the CP-SRLI thus proved to be a sufficiently valid and reliable instrument for assessing pupils’ learning self-regulation.","doi":"10.3389/fpsyg.2021.730386","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/603a5e0cfc89bcb7cbf9de938e6d3ac615a2a4db","result_position":13,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":244193626,"title":"Measuring Self-Regulated Learning in the STEM Framework: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis","venue":"European Journal of Educational Research","year":2021,"authors":["M. Nu’man","H. Retnawati","S. Sugiman","J. Jailani"],"abstract":"Within the context of Self-Regulated Learning (SRL), a process of directing oneself to facilitate individual learning more effectively, the SRL instrument development is deemed necessary to measure students’ self-reliance in learning mathematics in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) framework. The research aims to develop and test the validity and reliability of an SRL instrument, namely a 14-item SRL questionnaire accommodating four aspects, namely planning, self-monitoring, self-controlling, and evaluation. The study involved 420 junior high school students in East Java, Central Java, and Yogyakarta Special Region. The results show that the questionnaire was developed as planned and that planning, monitoring, controlling, and evaluating aspects can reflect the SRL variable in a valid, reliable, and significant way supported by each aspect's behavior indicator. The SRL variable theoretical model corresponds (good fit) with the empirical data, and all of the items are likely valid and reliable to assess student's mathematics SRL in the STEM framework. The SRL questionnaire was also found suitable for use by teachers to measure junior high school students’ self-reliance in SRL.","doi":"10.12973/eu-jer.10.4.2067","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/54025d0427a5ef29525ee33b48b2673f9554fa59","result_position":14,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":257939488,"title":"Diversity of Strategies for Motivation in Learning (DSML)—A New Measure for Measuring Student Academic Motivation","venue":"Behavioral Science","year":2023,"authors":["C. Hands","M. Limniou"],"abstract":"Although the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) has been widely used to measure student motivation, researchers have raised questions regarding its length and several problematic statements. This study introduces a new questionnaire, adapting items from the MSLQ and including three new key themes of course utility, procrastination and use of diverse sources. A total of 1246 students from a university in the northwest of England, studying a range of subjects and from across all grade boundaries, fully completed the questionnaire. Factor analysis suggested a 24-item questionnaire, including 6 factors: test anxiety, self-efficacy, source diversity, study skills, self-regulation and course utility. The measure, Diversity of Strategies for Motivation in Learning (DSML), has good predictive power for students with or without academic successes, and it can be used as a quick and an early alert monitoring tool to measure student motivation and study skills. The DSML has supported various interventions; however, further testing is required in other cultures, languages and educational environments (such as schools and colleges).","doi":"10.3390/bs13040301","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6eb8e81c4b2a64c4c552602a040b42508f28caa6","result_position":15,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":144650465,"title":"Reliability and Predictive Validity of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (Mslq)","venue":"","year":1993,"authors":["P. Pintrich","David A. Smith","T. García","W. McKeachie"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1177/0013164493053003024","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9e540537ea223d0849ac450b79178f8c1ad58d45","result_position":16,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":240535758,"title":"Examining Self-Regulated Learning Strategy Model: A Measurement Invariance Analysis of MSLQ-CAL among College Students in China","venue":"Sustainability","year":2021,"authors":["Haitao Guo","Fuhui Tong","Zhuoying Wang","Shifang Tang","Myeongsun Yoon","Ming Ying","Xiaofeng Yu"],"abstract":"This study examined psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire for Chinese adult learners, learning strategy scale (MSLQ-CAL-LS). Data were collected from 2499 college students from 15 Chinese universities. Results from factor analysis suggested satisfactory psychometric properties of MSLQ-CAL-LS. We further identified strong evidence to support the configural, metric, scalar and strict invariance across the gender groups, confirming the appropriate use of MSLQ-CAL-LS that can accurately capture the construct of self-regulated learning (SRL) strategies among both female and male Chinese adult learners. This study provides one step forward to measure SRL outside the Western context. Recommendations for future research are discussed.","doi":"10.3390/su131810133","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0098a37573a7d1bcd1557ac69066a34b94395924","result_position":17,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":35058576,"title":"The Czech Adaptation of Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ)","venue":"","year":2014,"authors":["J. Jakešová","K. Hrbáčková"],"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to provide theoretical and methodological insights into the process of self-regulated learning, and to describe the adaptation of The Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ), developed by Pintrich et al. (1993). This Likert-scaled instrument was designed to assess motivation orientations and use of learning strategies. The adaptation concerned only the first section, the learning strategies section was not part of the adaptation. The motivation scales originally tap into three broad areas: (1) value, (2) expectancy, and (3) affect. In exploratory factor analysis a 3-factor model was generated and good internal consistency of the adapted instrument was achieved. In this version the questionnaire has 27 items with overall reliability of ? = 0.83. The alphas for the three subscales range from 0.70 to 0.86 and explaines 35% of the total variance. The data proved a student’s academic self-efficacy (F1), task value (F2) and test anxiety (F3) to be strong predictors of students’ motivation.","doi":"10.5539/ASS.V10N12P72","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8e177af947f2d5ab0dafcad225e449a1899876f9","result_position":18,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":234799011,"title":"Design and Validation of a Questionnaire on Influence of the University Classroom on Motivation and Sociability","venue":"Education sciences","year":2021,"authors":["Mariana-Daniela González-Zamar","Luis Ortiz Jiménez","Adoración Sánchez Ayala"],"abstract":"In recent years, the changes experienced in the educational and social field have been reflected in the growing interest in defining how the attributes of the learning space affect students. This study seeks to determine the influence exerted by the design and organization of the university classroom on motivation and social interaction. The objective was to develop and validate a measurement instrument to evaluate the impact of the university classroom design on the student, considering their physical, environmental, perceptual, and motivational attributes. The questionnaire was applied to a sample of 402 students from the University of Almeria (Spain). The reliability and content validity of the construct were analyzed. Reliability was demonstrated by a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.938 for the dimensions with quantitative cut items, being highly satisfactory. The Chi-square goodness of fit test analyzed the qualitative items. Content validity was subject to expert judgment. It is concluded that the presented instrument meets the required technical attributes, to be considered a reliable and valid educational tool for measurement.","doi":"10.3390/EDUCSCI11040183","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/787b14cde4f97373ccf88c431baf45a011ed0eaa","result_position":19,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":269124272,"title":"Psychometric Properties of a Short Academic Motivation Scale (SAMS) in Medical Students","venue":"Behavioral Science","year":2024,"authors":["Jai Pascual-Mariño","Mardel Morales-García","Liset Z. Sairitupa-Sanchez","Oscar Mamani-Benito","P. G. R. Mamani","Sandra B. Morales-García","O. Rivera-Lozada","Wilter C. Morales-García"],"abstract":"Background: Medical education represents a complex field of study, influenced by various psychological, demographic, and contextual factors. Academic motivation, essential for educational success, has been linked to critical decisions in medical careers and can be modulated by contextual elements such as socioeconomic and geographical environments. The theory of self-determination has provided a solid framework for understanding the multidimensional nature of motivation. Objective: To evaluate the psychometric properties of a Spanish version of the Short Scale of Academic Motivation among Peruvian medical students. Methods: Using an instrumental design, the factorial structure, reliability, and gender invariance of the SAMS-S were assessed. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to validate the scale’s structure based on seven dimensions. Additionally, reliability was assessed through Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and omega coefficient, and gender invariance was determined through multi-group confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The Peruvian version of the SAMS-S showed a good fit in the CFA with satisfactory goodness-of-fit indices. However, challenges in discriminant validity among certain dimensions were detected, suggesting the presence of a second-order factor. The proposed second-order model yielded an adequate fit (χ2 = 198.26, df = 70, CFI = 0.92, TLI = 0.90, RMSEA = 0.08 [90% CI: 0.07–0.1], SRMR = 0.07), validating the factorial structure of the SAMS-S. The scale’s reliability and its subscales were within acceptable ranges. Furthermore, the gender invariance of the SAMS-S was confirmed at all levels, from configural to strict. Conclusions: The second-order model of the SAMS-S presents as a valid and reliable tool for measuring academic motivation among medical students in Peru. Its robustness and adaptability make it relevant for future research in similar educational contexts and can serve as a basis for interventions aimed at improving academic motivation in this specific group.","doi":"10.3390/bs14040316","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3265710e8b14522038fff82c476851f9edb2a1b7","result_position":20,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":51754722,"title":"THE TURKISH ADAPTATION STUDY OF MOTIVATED STRATEGIES FOR LEARNING QUESTIONNAIRE (MSLQ) FOR 12-18 YEAR OLD CHILDREN: RESULTS OF CONFIRMATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS 1","venue":"","year":2008,"authors":["Özcan Erkan Akgün","E. Çakmak","Funda Demirel"],"abstract":null,"doi":"","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/377713fee0a6d38be5ebde5f6cf8127075e4b36c","result_position":21,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":145309610,"title":"Evidence for the Latent Factor Structure of the MSLQ","venue":"","year":2013,"authors":["J. Hilpert","J. Stempien","Katrien J. van der Hoeven Kraft","J. Husman"],"abstract":"The Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) has a long history of use in educational psychology, yet few studies have examined the latent factor structure of the entire scale using data from a single administration of the instrument. Although using the subscales individually was encouraged by the creators of the instrument, the practice has produced piecemeal evidence for the latent factor structure. In the current study, we administered all 15 subscales of the MSLQ to a large population of postsecondary students enrolled in introductory geoscience courses and used confirmatory factor analysis to examine the latent factor structures described in previous MSLQ literature. Faced with unsatisfactory evidence for the hypothesized structures, we describe our respecification process and provide some commentary on a more parsimonious latent factor structure that may be of use in similar research projects.","doi":"10.1177/2158244013510305","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b438af7087ba2fee07dfb1d56949c1e67664e6de","result_position":22,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":219074264,"title":"Regulation of cognition: Validation of a short scale for Portuguese first-year university students","venue":"Anales de Psicología","year":2020,"authors":["Rui Bártolo-Ribeiro","Francisco Peixoto","J. Casanova","L. Almeida"],"abstract":"La calidad del aprendizaje en la Educación Superior depende, especialmente, de las habilidades de los estudiantes para regular su cognición. Esta regulación requiere habilidades cognitivas y metacognitivas, así como dimensiones motivacionales. Dada su relevancia en el rendimiento académico y el desarrollo de habilidades para el aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida, es importante aumentar la investigación en el campo. Este estudio pretende adaptar y validar una versión abreviada da dimensión Regulación de la Cognición del Metacognitive Awareness Inventory para estudiantes universitarios portugueses de primer año. Se empleó una muestra de 360 estudiantes y se identificó una estructura tridimensional (Planificación, 4 ítems; Estrategias, 7 ítems; y Monitoreo y evaluación, 7 ítems) con un factor de segundo orden (Regulación de la cognición). Los valores de consistencia interna de la escala reducida son aceptables para una escala de autoinforme y las correlaciones con el logro académico al final del primer año de la universidad garantizan su validez predictiva. Esta versión abreviada para medir la regulación de la cognición puede usarse en investigación junto con otros instrumentos en estudios más amplios y puede funcionar como una herramienta de diagnóstico para ayudar a los estudiantes en los desafíos de aprendizaje de la enseñanza superior.\n The quality of learning in Higher Education is particularly dependent on students' skills in regulating their cognition. This regulation requires cognitive and metacognitive skills as well as motivational dimensions. Due to its relevance in explaining students' academic achievement and developing lifelong learning skills, it´s important to increase research in the area. This study aims to adapt and validate a short version of the Regulation of Cognition of Metacognitive Awareness Inventory to first-year Portuguese university students. A sample of 360 students was considered and was identified a three-dimensional structure (Planning, 4 items; Strategies, 7 items; and Monitoring and evaluation, 7 items) with a second-order factor (Regulation of Cognition). The internal consistency values of the reduced scale are within the acceptable parameters for a self-report scale and the correlations with academic achievement at the end of the first year of the university guarantee the predictive validity of the scale. This short version of regulation of cognition measure allows its use in research with other instruments in larger studies and can function as a diagnostic / screening tool to help students in higher education learning challenges.","doi":"10.6018/analesps.389361","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cef42bfa468548b384bbfcae028f04d6d92c172c","result_position":23,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":28857590,"title":"Relations between Students’ Motivation, and Perceptions of the Learning Environment","venue":"Center for Educational Policy Studies Journal","year":2015,"authors":["M. Radovan","Danijela Makovec"],"abstract":"In this research, we have examined the characteristics of university students’ motivation and its connection with perceptions of the learning environment. Higher education teachers often find it challenging to decide how to organize their lectures and what instructional strategy they should use to be most effective. Therefore, we endeavoured to determine which characteristics of the learning environment best predict the motivational orientation of students and their satisfaction with the course. The survey included 120 postgraduate students of the Faculty of Arts at the University of Ljubljana. In order to measure their motivation, we employed several scales of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (Pintrich etal., 1991). For the purpose of this research, we created a new questionnaire for their evaluation of the learning environment. The results revealed a high correlation between the intrinsic goal orientation, self-efficacy, and control beliefs. The most important factors of the learning environment that are connected with the formation of intrinsic goal-orientation and the enjoyment of education are the perception of the usefulness of the studied topics, a feeling of autonomy, and teacher support. To an extent, these findings are supported by the findings of those authors who recommend using those methods of teaching that are in compliance with the student-centred understanding of teaching and learning. ","doi":"10.26529/cepsj.145","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cc6fea0794da9cd2b0c4ec8342ef572c9d3d6e19","result_position":24,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":13029958,"title":"Development and validation of a scale on self-regulation in learning (SSRL)","venue":"SpringerPlus","year":2016,"authors":["Tolga Erdogan","Nuray Senemoğlu"],"abstract":"Self-regulation is an individual’s influence, orientation, and control over his/her own behaviors. The primary aim of this study was to develop and validate a self-report scale on self-regulation that encompasses both cognitive and motivational factors. The validity and reliability studies of the scale were examined on responses of 872 university students. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the hypothesized model of self-regulated skills in learning. The scale has 67 items and the factor loadings range from 0.47 to 0.91. The Cronbach’s Alpha was computed 0.91 for the whole scale. Discussions and suggestions parallel to findings are given in the end.","doi":"10.1186/s40064-016-3367-y","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/555ab4d53d4d079fe572d226157cf99eda8c0556","result_position":25,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":147051495,"title":"PROPIEDADES PSICOMÉTRICAS Y ESTRUCTURA FACTORIAL DE LA ESCALA DE APRENDIZAJE AUTORREGULADO (EAA) EN ADOLESCENTES","venue":"","year":2015,"authors":["María Antonieta Elvira-Valdés","L. Pujol"],"abstract":"Analyzed psychometric properties and factorial structures designed to measure learning dimensions and attributes using self-regulated learning scale (EAA) are discussed in this research paper. 402 high school teenagers in high school were sampled; the test showed satisfactory results and the reliability instrument was Cronbach Alpha: 842. Through a factorial analysis of main components, four factors based on self regulation theory were indentified. The results of this factorial analysis showed high rates of learning and self-regulated theoretical attributes along with a factor model for measuring the building blocks for which appropriate adjustment may allow its use for future research purposes in local and Latin environments.","doi":"10.17081/PSICO.18.33.56","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/65e3d97db9d899b1ef6399dac5fb25f2133c32a5","result_position":26,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":149949074,"title":"Self-regulated Learning Skills: Adaptation of Scale","venue":"Eğitimde ve Psikolojide Ölçme ve Değerlendirme Dergisi","year":2018,"authors":["Şenol Şen","Ayhan Yilmaz","Ö. Geban"],"abstract":"The aim of this study is to adapt and examine the psychometric properties of Achievement Goal Scale (AGS) originally constructed by Elliot and McGregor (2001) and the Motivated Strategies for Learning Scale (MSLQ) originally constructed by Pintrich, Smith, Garcia and McKeachie (1991) in order to measure the self-regulated learning skills of high school students' in a chemistry course. The study group was comprised of 862 high school students attending a chemistry course in different public schools. The construct validity of the sub-scales included in the scales were tested by confirmatory factor analysis. For the reliability studies, the internal consistency coefficient Cronbach's alpha (α) values as well as McDonald's ω (omega) coefficients were calculated. In addition, item-total correlations were calculated for the reliability of each item in the scales. When the confirmatory factor analysis results were examined, it was accepted that the fit indices met the goodness of fit criteria for both the Achievement Goal Scale and Motivated Strategies for Learning Scale. Factor loadings of the items in both scales were statistically significant. These results showed that the Turkish forms of both scales have enough psychometric properties in terms of validity and reliability for a chemistry course.","doi":"10.21031/epod.439039","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/255c69b78aec7aba32472df168da3f14856c1a1f","result_position":27,"is_clicked":false}],"string":"[\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 229483567,\n \"title\": \"Academic Achievement and Failure in University Studies: Motivational and Emotional Factors\",\n \"venue\": \"Sustainability\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Raquel Gilar-Corbí\",\n \"Teresa Pozo-Rico\",\n \"J. Castejón\",\n \"Tarquino Sanchez\",\n \"I. Sandoval-Palis\",\n \"Jack Vidal\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Universities are committed to offering quality education; however, a high rate of academic failure is often observed in the first year of studies. Considering the impact that motivation and emotional aspects can have on students’ commitment to study and therefore on their academic performance, achievement, and well-being, this study aims to identify the factors associated with academic success or failure in 1071 students entering the National Polytechnic School (Quito, Ecuador). The data were compiled from the existing computer records of the university with the permission of the responsible administrative staff. A predictive model has been used and a binary logistic regression analysis was carried out through the step-forward regression procedure based on the Wald statistic to analyze the predictive capacity of the variables related to emotional intelligence, motivational and self- regulated socio-cognitive skills, goal orientation, and prior academic achievement (measured by university entrance marks and through a knowledge test carried out at the beginning of the university academic year). To determine the cut-off point for the best discriminatory power of each of the variables, a Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve analysis has been used. The results indicate that the variables that are significant in the prediction of academic success or failure are the two academic performance measures: the emotional attention variable, and the performance-approach goals and the motivational self-efficacy variable. Additionally, the highest predictive power is displayed by the prior academic performance measure obtained through the knowledge test conducted at the beginning of the university course.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/su12239798\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e36982b10571f8642794f3cf003e42da91dd446f\",\n \"result_position\": 0,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 225059577,\n \"title\": \"The Influence of Transformational Teacher Leadership on Academic Motivation and Resilience, Burnout and Academic Performance\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"R. Trigueros\",\n \"Ana Padilla\",\n \"J. M. Aguilar-Parra\",\n \"I. Mercader\",\n \"R. López-Liria\",\n \"P. Rocamora\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Currently, the university failure rate is around 33% of students starting their studies. Among the main reasons are demanding academic situations and the use of inappropriate coping strategies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the influence of teacher leadership on academic resilience and motivation, burnout, and academic performance. This study involved 3354 university students. A structural equation model was made to analyze the predictive relationships between the study’s variables. The results showed that teacher leadership positively predicted academic resilience and motivation; academic resilience negatively predicted burnout and positively predicted academic performance; likewise, academic motivation negatively predicted burnout and positively predicted academic performance; finally, burnout negatively predicted academic resilience.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/ijerph17207687\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/eedfda234eb900f158af6079d18f9c30970227e7\",\n \"result_position\": 1,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 261449704,\n \"title\": \"Classroom Management, Motivation and Academic Performance: The Perspective of Students in Business English Classes at Ba Ria-Vung Tau University\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Current Science Research and Review\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Nguyen Xuan Hong\",\n \"Nguyen Thi Phuong Anh\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This study applied self-determination theory to understand the roles of teacher’s behavioral control and care in student learning outcomes. The research explored the relationship between components of classroom management and academic performance via the mediating role of motivation to learn of students in Business English classes at Ba Ria – Vung Tau University. By applying qualitative research combined with quantitative research (mixed method), this research tested the relationship between classroom management (teacher behavioral control, teacher care), motivation to learn and academic performance. The research results indicated that teacher behavioral control and teacher care have positive relationships with motivation to learn and academic performance; motivation to learn is positively related to academic performance. In addition, motivation to learn plays a partial mediator role between classroom management and academic performance. Finally, the study proposed some implications for administrators and teachers in improving classroom management to increase the motivation to learn and the academic performance of students in Business English classes at Ba Ria – Vung Tau University.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.47191/ijcsrr/v6-i8-77\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4eadac6a09af91e7068ceeb036c497c2f135ac62\",\n \"result_position\": 2,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 252822675,\n \"title\": \"Investigating Students’ Learning Motivation Based on Value, Expectancy and Affective Components\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"N. Jenal\",\n \"Siti Aishah Taib\",\n \"S. M. Mohammad Iliyas\",\n \"Nadzrah Sa’adan\",\n \"Noorsyarzielah Saleh\",\n \"Maisarah Noorezam\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Students’ Based Expectancy, and Affective Abstract Students’ learning motivation has been affected greatly during the COVID -19 pandemic due to the new challenges posed by the online learning environment. Thus, this study aims to investigate how the value, expectancy, and affective components form students’ learning motivation during this crisis. This quantitative study was conducted by distributing a Likert-scale questionnaire with three main sections: Section A- Value Components (12 items), Section B- Expectancy Components (7 items), and Section C- Affective Components: Test Anxiety (5 items), to students at a public university in Malaysia. The questionnaire was answered by 150 respondents and the data were analysed by using descriptive statistics via IBM SPSS version 28. The findings revealed that the respondents reacted positively in all the three components: Value, Expectancy, and Affective Components. In the Value Components, extrinsic goal orientation received the highest mean scores when compared with intrinsic goal motivation orientation and task value beliefs, while in the Expectancy Components, control beliefs for learning obtaining higher mean scores than students’ perception of self -efficacy. Meanwhile, in Affective Component, the findings demonstrate that the respondents were anxious in taking a test or an exam. Pedagogical implications and future research of the study were also discussed in this paper. the detrimental impact of English language learning demotivation on the language learning outcomes of university students. Participating in the study were 215 second-year undergraduates from two public universities in Balochistan, Pakistan, who had registered in an English programme. A 40-item English language learning demotivation questionnaire was utilised to assess academic resilience (Wagnild, 2009) and personality characteristics (John et al., 1991). Compared to the classroom environment, classroom resources, and class characteristics, the study found that teacher behaviour has a minor effect on students' motivation. Additionally, internal factors negatively impacted learners' motivation and were influenced by external influences. Students lost interest in learning the English language, for instance, due to irrelevant and complex language education resources. For the five qualities of resilience, the results showed that perseverance negatively influenced the six components of language learning. Still, the meaning had a substantial adverse impact on class features and failure experiences. In addition, personal qualities contribute to demotivating elements, indicating that conscientious learners were equipped with self-discipline, productivity, meticulousness, and confidence. The personality trait of openness was found to be associated with instructor behaviours, characteristics of classes, and classroom resources to address potential demotivators, as well as correlating metacognitive the survey and the of the multiple regression revealed that metacognitive self-regulation and cumulative GPA were statistically significant variables to successful course Implications and applications of this study include the importance of and self-regulation and the use of learning strategies in the specific context of learning lower-level Spanish classes.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.6007/ijarbss/v12-i10/14879\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/75913f207ff4720d2f80c6751f312a156c832d1f\",\n \"result_position\": 3,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 159020714,\n \"title\": \"The Influence of Interactive Learning Materials on Self-Regulated Learning and Learning Satisfaction of Primary School Teachers in Mongolia\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Shengru Li\",\n \"Shinobu Yamaguchi\",\n \"Jun-ichi Takada\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of interactive learning materials on learners’ self-regulated learning processes and learning satisfaction. A two-group experimental design was employed for 285 primary school teachers involved in teacher training. Teachers in the experimental group utilised interactive learning materials along with training videos and guidelines for their self-development at the school level. Teachers in the control group conducted self-development only with training videos and guidelines. The result was analysed using self-regulated learning theory explaining how one’s self-regulation processes affect learning satisfaction. Five self-regulation processes were identified in this study: internal motivation, motivation for better assessment, planning and organizing skills, critical and positive thinking skills, and effort regulation. The analysis was conducted in two steps. First, t-test analysis was used to identify the significant differences between the experimental group and the control group. The analysis revealed: (1) teachers conducting self-development with interactive learning materials were highly motivated to achieve better teacher assessment, (2) teachers with interactive learning materials had higher learning satisfaction. Second, the study further investigated the effect of interactive materials on the relationship between self-regulation processes and learning satisfaction, using moderation analysis. The results showed that interactive materials significantly affect the relationship between motivation for better assessment and learning satisfaction, as well as the relationship between internal motivation and learning satisfaction. These results were complemented by qualitative analysis including interviews and focus group discussions with teachers.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/SU10041093\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dd4d69613317b8cc3afed358626067a4592ffa1c\",\n \"result_position\": 4,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 55304159,\n \"title\": \"Development of the Czech Version of the Questionnaire on Self-Regulated Learning of Students\",\n \"venue\": \"The New Educational Review\",\n \"year\": 2011,\n \"authors\": [\n \"K. Hrbáčková\",\n \"J. Hladik\",\n \"S. Vávrová\",\n \"Vlastimil Švec\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The authors of the paper aim to briefly describe the issues connected with self-regulated learning and thus present the first attempt at measuring the level of self-regulated learning of university students. The aim of the questionnaire survey, which was carried out among the students of auxiliary services professions at Tomas Bata University in Zlin, was to verify the validity and reliability of assessment scales of the first version of the Questionnaire on students’ selfregulated learning (DAUS). Factor analysis proved that the strongest factor of self-regulated learning is goal orientation (F1) followed by self-efficacy (F2), metacognitive strategies (F3) and study value (F4). The internal consistency of the questionnaire survey and individual scale differentials vary in the range of α = 0.77 to 0.91.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.15804/tner.11.26.4.02\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b1c44aa625acd72f321a3336c4fe0c0d8da5741c\",\n \"result_position\": 5,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 246517625,\n \"title\": \"PROFILE OF STUDENT SELF-REGULATION LEARNING IN APPLYING TEACHING SKILLS IN ONLINE LEARNING.\",\n \"venue\": \"International journal of social science\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Sudarman\",\n \"Noor Ellyawati\",\n \"Riyo Riyadi\",\n \"Ratna Fitri Astuti\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The conceptual framework for understanding cognitive, motivational, and self-regulated learning determines the emotional aspects of the learning process. This study aims to investigate student self-regulation learning in applying teaching skills in online learning situations. The survey method is used to find out whether students really plan, organize, and help their own learning. We have asked questions according to the indicators of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire instrument. The participants of this study were students of the Economics Education Study Program, Counseling Guidance, History, Pancasila and Civic Education, Mathematics, Indonesian Literature, and English Literature. The total participants were 116, with a composition of 25.86% male and 74.14% female. The results showed that students' self-regulation was in the medium group as many as 20 people (17.24%), the high group as many as 84 people (72.42%) and the very high group as many as 12 people (10.34%). Meanwhile, student self-regulation for each indicator achieved consists of a reherseal indicator of 31.96% in a poor group, an elaboration indicator of 57.73% in a good group, an organization indicator of 0% in a very poor group, an effort regulation indicator of 0% in a very poor group, and metacognitive indicators of 28.87% in a poor group. Based on the self-regulation group of each student and the percentage of achievement in self-regulation for each indicator, it is said that the participants already have good rehearsal and elaboration abilities, but need to improve their self-regulation skills, and independence to learn and solve problems.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.53625/ijss.v1i5.1312\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/91d84f52b2c28180d08b85a4534b18456d53cdf6\",\n \"result_position\": 6,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 18128378,\n \"title\": \"Motivational and self-regulated learning components of classroom academic performance.\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 1990,\n \"authors\": [\n \"P. Pintrich\",\n \"E. D. Groot\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1037/0022-0663.82.1.33\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/aa39a6a7a67f1bfbb7109f783e72d65b26692d21\",\n \"result_position\": 7,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 255911635,\n \"title\": \"Adapting the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire to the Japanese Problem-Based Learning Context: A Validation Study\",\n \"venue\": \"Children\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Osamu Nomura\",\n \"Yuki Soma\",\n \"Hiroshi Kijima\",\n \"Yasushi Matsuyama\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly changed medical education, and medical trainees’ self-regulation has become more emphasized. In Japan, the concept of self-regulated learning has not been fully applied in health profession education due to a lack of effective measurement tools. We aimed to validate the translated Japanese version of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire in the context of Problem-Based Learning (J-MSLQ-PBL). The questionnaire employs a seven-point Likert-type scale with 81 items and is categorized into two sections: motivation and learning strategies. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted by using Promax rotation to examine the factor structure of the scale, using the collected data from 112 Japanese medical students. Factor extraction was based on a scree plot investigation, and an item was accepted when the factor loading was ≥0.40. In the motivation section, the extracted factors from the EFA were well aligned with the subscales of the original MSLQ, including “Self-Efficacy for Learning and Performance”, “Task Value”, “Self-Efficacy for Learning and Performance”, “Test Anxiety”, “Extrinsic Goal Orientation”, and “Intrinsic Goal Orientation”. In the learning strategies, the extracted factors poorly matched the structure of the original subscales. This discrepancy could be explained by insufficient translation, the limited sample size from a single medical school, or cross-cultural differences in learning strategies between Western and Japanese medical students. Only the motivation part of the J-MSLQ-PBL should be implemented to measure the competency elements of self-regulated learning in Japan.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/children10010154\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/60c035d049eb694b3c40bed23802269e0dd93717\",\n \"result_position\": 8,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 245419815,\n \"title\": \"Analyzing Postgraduates’ Motivation in Writing Master Dissertation\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Azizan Zainuddin\",\n \"Memiyanty Abd Rahim\",\n \"Radduan Yusof\",\n \"Suhaimi Abd. Samad\",\n \"Nor hafizah Mohamed Harith\",\n \"Noor Hanim Rahmat\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Motivation is an important element in determining students’ learning and achievements during their study period. This study investigates problems faced by students in writing a dissertation at the postgraduate level. Postgraduate and research students are found to be under constant pressure which leads to demotivation to finish their studies within the candidacy period. This article utilizes the cross-sectional quantitative research method. The research data were obtained through self-administered online questionnaires that were distributed to 72 postgraduate students from 3 different programs who were selected using the convenient sampling technique. The research participants are those who have opted to write a dissertation as a partial requirement to graduate. The findings were analyzed using mean statistics to explore rhetorical problems learners face in the writing of their dissertation. The findings show that the value component that includes intrinsic and extrinsic goal orientation portrays the respondents' priority to make sure that they can better understand the requirements in writing the dissertation. Nevertheless, results of the study which has been developed under the three main components items namely value , expectancy and affective are useful for teachers to take into consideration the factors that motivate and influence postgraduate students to keep writing their dissertation. Hence, future researchers should consider bringing the study to another level by including students’ participation f rom myriad universities and states to ensure that a better solution can be provided in enhancing students’ motivation in writing their dissertation.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.6007/ijarbss/v11-i12/11460\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f86072bea7d7cb8882696f3b1c6299d76e45ba5a\",\n \"result_position\": 9,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 265696236,\n \"title\": \"The factor structure of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ): new methodological approaches and evidence\",\n \"venue\": \"Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jhonys de Araujo\",\n \"C. M. A. Gomes\",\n \"E. Jelihovschi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Background The area of self-regulated learning integrates the fields of metacognition and self-regulation and assumes that the student is an active processor of information capable of self-regulating his learning by putting together the cognitive, metacognitive, and motivational components. The Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) is a benchmark for the measurement of self-regulated learning. However, the field of study does not show adequate evidence of its structural validity. The vast majority of studies involving this question present serious methodological mistakes, compromising the evidence of validity. Objective Our study investigates the structural validity of MSLQ including all 15 scales and corrects relevant mistakes in the previous studies. Method We tested different models through item confirmatory factor analysis in a convenience sample of 670 college students ( M = 22.8 years, SD = 5.2) from a public Brazilian university in the technological area. The models with the ML, MLR, MLM and WLMSV estimators. Results Only WLSMV produced models with acceptable fit. The final model has a bi-factor structure with a general factor (self-regulated learning), 15 components as first-order factors, and four broad components as second-order factors. Twelve first-order components, all second-order components and the general factor had acceptable reliability. The components’ elaboration, intrinsic goal orientation and metacognitive self-regulation, did not show acceptable reliability, in terms of McDonald’s omega. Conclusion Considering the worldwide importance of the MSLQ, we do not recommend the use of the measurement of these components for clinical practice and psychoeducational diagnosis until new studies show that this low reliability only occurs in our sample. Our study shows new evidence, correcting many previous methodological mistakes and producing initial evidence favorable to the factor structure of the MSLQ.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1186/s41155-023-00280-0\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/52374844fb5211c6af051459109e93a5de3db759\",\n \"result_position\": 10,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 250364973,\n \"title\": \"Self-Regulated Learning Strategies as Predictors of Perceived Learning Gains among Undergraduate Students in Ethiopian Universities\",\n \"venue\": \"Education sciences\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Tefera Tadesse\",\n \"Aemero Asmamaw\",\n \"K. Getachew\",\n \"Bekalu Ferede\",\n \"Wudu Melese\",\n \"Matthias Siebeck\",\n \"Martin R. Fischer\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Despite increasing focus on the importance of self–regulated learning for undergraduate students in universities in recent years, very little is known about its specific features in universities in developing countries, in general, and Ethiopia, in particular. This study examined the relationships of self-regulated learning strategies (SRLSs) with perceived learning and further assessed the relationships within the SRLS components in Ethiopian public universities. For this, the authors adopted Pintrich’s self-regulation theory as a guiding framework and used structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis. The sample used in the analysis pooled survey data from three randomly selected public universities and included volunteer undergraduate students having a major in Business and Economics and Engineering and Technology fields (n = 1142; male = 700 and female = 442), with mean age = 21.98 and SD = 2.50. The results indicated that the student SRLS and perceived learning gains scores were average values in terms of the magnitude of those measured variables. A two–step hierarchical regression analysis showed that the five components of SRLS that emerged from SEM analysis significantly predicted students’ perceived learning over and above the control variables (ΔR2 ≥ 0.38 and 39%) for the total samples. Moreover, the regression results showed that greater predictions were observed for the help–seeking component (0.35 ≤ β ≥ 0.47) than others, significantly positively predicting the perceived learning for the total samples. Overall, the findings of this study indicate that the SRLSs are relevant mechanisms to aid student success in higher education. The implications of the study are highlighted.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/educsci12070468\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/94247b1022d12ce5e0d1da6e4840327095ab2daa\",\n \"result_position\": 11,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 150268796,\n \"title\": \"Validating and Adapting the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) for STEM Courses at an HBCU\",\n \"venue\": \"AERA Open\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Caesar R. Jackson\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This study investigated the validity and reliability of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) for minority students enrolled in STEM courses at a historically black college/university (HBCU). Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the third-order factor structure and to respecify the model. An adequate fit to the study sample data was achieved for the respecified MSLQ (MSLQ-R), and measurement invariance was verified on four groups within the HBCU sample. The highest correlates with EOC grade on the MSLQ-R were self-efficacy, task value, effort regulation, and time and study environment. Metacognitive self-regulation and strategy use variables were found to not correlate with EOC grade. A useful capability to discriminate on the basis of academic performance was exhibited by the MSLQ-R.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1177/2332858418809346\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cd19794dfaf27134c1121e33dcc578180c73d6bb\",\n \"result_position\": 12,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 245908171,\n \"title\": \"Slovenian Validation of the Children’s Perceived Use of Self-Regulated Learning Inventory\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Psychology\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"L. Komidar\",\n \"A. Podlesek\",\n \"Tina Pirc\",\n \"S. Pečjak\",\n \"Katja Depolli Steiner\",\n \"Melita Puklek Levpušček\",\n \"Alenka Gril\",\n \"Bojana Boh Podgornik\",\n \"A. Hladnik\",\n \"A. Kavčič\",\n \"Ciril Bohak\",\n \"Žiga Lesar\",\n \"M. Marolt\",\n \"Matevž Pesek\",\n \"C. Peklaj\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The importance of self-regulated learning (SRL) has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic and measures for assessing students’ self-regulation skills and knowledge are greatly needed. We present the results of the first thorough adaptation of the Children’s Perceived use of Self-Regulated Learning Inventory (CP-SRLI). The inventory, consisting of 15 scales measuring nine components of SRL, was administered to a sample of 541 Slovenian ninth graders. Confirmatory factor analyses supported internal structure validity of most components, but two components required some structural modifications. Internal consistency coefficients were acceptable for the majority of scale scores and were highly comparable to the original ones. While metric invariance across gender was confirmed, the scalar invariance of some scales needs further examination. Meaningful correlations with relevant externally assessed and self-reported self-regulation and school performance variables indicated good criterion validity of the inventory. The Slovenian version of the CP-SRLI thus proved to be a sufficiently valid and reliable instrument for assessing pupils’ learning self-regulation.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fpsyg.2021.730386\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/603a5e0cfc89bcb7cbf9de938e6d3ac615a2a4db\",\n \"result_position\": 13,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 244193626,\n \"title\": \"Measuring Self-Regulated Learning in the STEM Framework: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis\",\n \"venue\": \"European Journal of Educational Research\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Nu’man\",\n \"H. Retnawati\",\n \"S. Sugiman\",\n \"J. Jailani\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Within the context of Self-Regulated Learning (SRL), a process of directing oneself to facilitate individual learning more effectively, the SRL instrument development is deemed necessary to measure students’ self-reliance in learning mathematics in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) framework. The research aims to develop and test the validity and reliability of an SRL instrument, namely a 14-item SRL questionnaire accommodating four aspects, namely planning, self-monitoring, self-controlling, and evaluation. The study involved 420 junior high school students in East Java, Central Java, and Yogyakarta Special Region. The results show that the questionnaire was developed as planned and that planning, monitoring, controlling, and evaluating aspects can reflect the SRL variable in a valid, reliable, and significant way supported by each aspect's behavior indicator. The SRL variable theoretical model corresponds (good fit) with the empirical data, and all of the items are likely valid and reliable to assess student's mathematics SRL in the STEM framework. The SRL questionnaire was also found suitable for use by teachers to measure junior high school students’ self-reliance in SRL.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.12973/eu-jer.10.4.2067\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/54025d0427a5ef29525ee33b48b2673f9554fa59\",\n \"result_position\": 14,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 257939488,\n \"title\": \"Diversity of Strategies for Motivation in Learning (DSML)—A New Measure for Measuring Student Academic Motivation\",\n \"venue\": \"Behavioral Science\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"C. Hands\",\n \"M. Limniou\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Although the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) has been widely used to measure student motivation, researchers have raised questions regarding its length and several problematic statements. This study introduces a new questionnaire, adapting items from the MSLQ and including three new key themes of course utility, procrastination and use of diverse sources. A total of 1246 students from a university in the northwest of England, studying a range of subjects and from across all grade boundaries, fully completed the questionnaire. Factor analysis suggested a 24-item questionnaire, including 6 factors: test anxiety, self-efficacy, source diversity, study skills, self-regulation and course utility. The measure, Diversity of Strategies for Motivation in Learning (DSML), has good predictive power for students with or without academic successes, and it can be used as a quick and an early alert monitoring tool to measure student motivation and study skills. The DSML has supported various interventions; however, further testing is required in other cultures, languages and educational environments (such as schools and colleges).\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/bs13040301\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6eb8e81c4b2a64c4c552602a040b42508f28caa6\",\n \"result_position\": 15,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 144650465,\n \"title\": \"Reliability and Predictive Validity of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (Mslq)\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 1993,\n \"authors\": [\n \"P. Pintrich\",\n \"David A. Smith\",\n \"T. García\",\n \"W. McKeachie\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1177/0013164493053003024\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9e540537ea223d0849ac450b79178f8c1ad58d45\",\n \"result_position\": 16,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 240535758,\n \"title\": \"Examining Self-Regulated Learning Strategy Model: A Measurement Invariance Analysis of MSLQ-CAL among College Students in China\",\n \"venue\": \"Sustainability\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Haitao Guo\",\n \"Fuhui Tong\",\n \"Zhuoying Wang\",\n \"Shifang Tang\",\n \"Myeongsun Yoon\",\n \"Ming Ying\",\n \"Xiaofeng Yu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This study examined psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire for Chinese adult learners, learning strategy scale (MSLQ-CAL-LS). Data were collected from 2499 college students from 15 Chinese universities. Results from factor analysis suggested satisfactory psychometric properties of MSLQ-CAL-LS. We further identified strong evidence to support the configural, metric, scalar and strict invariance across the gender groups, confirming the appropriate use of MSLQ-CAL-LS that can accurately capture the construct of self-regulated learning (SRL) strategies among both female and male Chinese adult learners. This study provides one step forward to measure SRL outside the Western context. Recommendations for future research are discussed.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/su131810133\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0098a37573a7d1bcd1557ac69066a34b94395924\",\n \"result_position\": 17,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 35058576,\n \"title\": \"The Czech Adaptation of Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ)\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2014,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Jakešová\",\n \"K. Hrbáčková\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The aim of this paper is to provide theoretical and methodological insights into the process of self-regulated learning, and to describe the adaptation of The Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ), developed by Pintrich et al. (1993). This Likert-scaled instrument was designed to assess motivation orientations and use of learning strategies. The adaptation concerned only the first section, the learning strategies section was not part of the adaptation. The motivation scales originally tap into three broad areas: (1) value, (2) expectancy, and (3) affect. In exploratory factor analysis a 3-factor model was generated and good internal consistency of the adapted instrument was achieved. In this version the questionnaire has 27 items with overall reliability of ? = 0.83. The alphas for the three subscales range from 0.70 to 0.86 and explaines 35% of the total variance. The data proved a student’s academic self-efficacy (F1), task value (F2) and test anxiety (F3) to be strong predictors of students’ motivation.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5539/ASS.V10N12P72\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8e177af947f2d5ab0dafcad225e449a1899876f9\",\n \"result_position\": 18,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 234799011,\n \"title\": \"Design and Validation of a Questionnaire on Influence of the University Classroom on Motivation and Sociability\",\n \"venue\": \"Education sciences\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Mariana-Daniela González-Zamar\",\n \"Luis Ortiz Jiménez\",\n \"Adoración Sánchez Ayala\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In recent years, the changes experienced in the educational and social field have been reflected in the growing interest in defining how the attributes of the learning space affect students. This study seeks to determine the influence exerted by the design and organization of the university classroom on motivation and social interaction. The objective was to develop and validate a measurement instrument to evaluate the impact of the university classroom design on the student, considering their physical, environmental, perceptual, and motivational attributes. The questionnaire was applied to a sample of 402 students from the University of Almeria (Spain). The reliability and content validity of the construct were analyzed. Reliability was demonstrated by a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.938 for the dimensions with quantitative cut items, being highly satisfactory. The Chi-square goodness of fit test analyzed the qualitative items. Content validity was subject to expert judgment. It is concluded that the presented instrument meets the required technical attributes, to be considered a reliable and valid educational tool for measurement.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/EDUCSCI11040183\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/787b14cde4f97373ccf88c431baf45a011ed0eaa\",\n \"result_position\": 19,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 269124272,\n \"title\": \"Psychometric Properties of a Short Academic Motivation Scale (SAMS) in Medical Students\",\n \"venue\": \"Behavioral Science\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jai Pascual-Mariño\",\n \"Mardel Morales-García\",\n \"Liset Z. Sairitupa-Sanchez\",\n \"Oscar Mamani-Benito\",\n \"P. G. R. Mamani\",\n \"Sandra B. Morales-García\",\n \"O. Rivera-Lozada\",\n \"Wilter C. Morales-García\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Background: Medical education represents a complex field of study, influenced by various psychological, demographic, and contextual factors. Academic motivation, essential for educational success, has been linked to critical decisions in medical careers and can be modulated by contextual elements such as socioeconomic and geographical environments. The theory of self-determination has provided a solid framework for understanding the multidimensional nature of motivation. Objective: To evaluate the psychometric properties of a Spanish version of the Short Scale of Academic Motivation among Peruvian medical students. Methods: Using an instrumental design, the factorial structure, reliability, and gender invariance of the SAMS-S were assessed. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to validate the scale’s structure based on seven dimensions. Additionally, reliability was assessed through Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and omega coefficient, and gender invariance was determined through multi-group confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The Peruvian version of the SAMS-S showed a good fit in the CFA with satisfactory goodness-of-fit indices. However, challenges in discriminant validity among certain dimensions were detected, suggesting the presence of a second-order factor. The proposed second-order model yielded an adequate fit (χ2 = 198.26, df = 70, CFI = 0.92, TLI = 0.90, RMSEA = 0.08 [90% CI: 0.07–0.1], SRMR = 0.07), validating the factorial structure of the SAMS-S. The scale’s reliability and its subscales were within acceptable ranges. Furthermore, the gender invariance of the SAMS-S was confirmed at all levels, from configural to strict. Conclusions: The second-order model of the SAMS-S presents as a valid and reliable tool for measuring academic motivation among medical students in Peru. Its robustness and adaptability make it relevant for future research in similar educational contexts and can serve as a basis for interventions aimed at improving academic motivation in this specific group.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/bs14040316\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3265710e8b14522038fff82c476851f9edb2a1b7\",\n \"result_position\": 20,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 51754722,\n \"title\": \"THE TURKISH ADAPTATION STUDY OF MOTIVATED STRATEGIES FOR LEARNING QUESTIONNAIRE (MSLQ) FOR 12-18 YEAR OLD CHILDREN: RESULTS OF CONFIRMATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS 1\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2008,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Özcan Erkan Akgün\",\n \"E. Çakmak\",\n \"Funda Demirel\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/377713fee0a6d38be5ebde5f6cf8127075e4b36c\",\n \"result_position\": 21,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 145309610,\n \"title\": \"Evidence for the Latent Factor Structure of the MSLQ\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2013,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Hilpert\",\n \"J. Stempien\",\n \"Katrien J. van der Hoeven Kraft\",\n \"J. Husman\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) has a long history of use in educational psychology, yet few studies have examined the latent factor structure of the entire scale using data from a single administration of the instrument. Although using the subscales individually was encouraged by the creators of the instrument, the practice has produced piecemeal evidence for the latent factor structure. In the current study, we administered all 15 subscales of the MSLQ to a large population of postsecondary students enrolled in introductory geoscience courses and used confirmatory factor analysis to examine the latent factor structures described in previous MSLQ literature. Faced with unsatisfactory evidence for the hypothesized structures, we describe our respecification process and provide some commentary on a more parsimonious latent factor structure that may be of use in similar research projects.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1177/2158244013510305\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b438af7087ba2fee07dfb1d56949c1e67664e6de\",\n \"result_position\": 22,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 219074264,\n \"title\": \"Regulation of cognition: Validation of a short scale for Portuguese first-year university students\",\n \"venue\": \"Anales de Psicología\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Rui Bártolo-Ribeiro\",\n \"Francisco Peixoto\",\n \"J. Casanova\",\n \"L. Almeida\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"La calidad del aprendizaje en la Educación Superior depende, especialmente, de las habilidades de los estudiantes para regular su cognición. Esta regulación requiere habilidades cognitivas y metacognitivas, así como dimensiones motivacionales. Dada su relevancia en el rendimiento académico y el desarrollo de habilidades para el aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida, es importante aumentar la investigación en el campo. Este estudio pretende adaptar y validar una versión abreviada da dimensión Regulación de la Cognición del Metacognitive Awareness Inventory para estudiantes universitarios portugueses de primer año. Se empleó una muestra de 360 estudiantes y se identificó una estructura tridimensional (Planificación, 4 ítems; Estrategias, 7 ítems; y Monitoreo y evaluación, 7 ítems) con un factor de segundo orden (Regulación de la cognición). Los valores de consistencia interna de la escala reducida son aceptables para una escala de autoinforme y las correlaciones con el logro académico al final del primer año de la universidad garantizan su validez predictiva. Esta versión abreviada para medir la regulación de la cognición puede usarse en investigación junto con otros instrumentos en estudios más amplios y puede funcionar como una herramienta de diagnóstico para ayudar a los estudiantes en los desafíos de aprendizaje de la enseñanza superior.\\n The quality of learning in Higher Education is particularly dependent on students' skills in regulating their cognition. This regulation requires cognitive and metacognitive skills as well as motivational dimensions. Due to its relevance in explaining students' academic achievement and developing lifelong learning skills, it´s important to increase research in the area. This study aims to adapt and validate a short version of the Regulation of Cognition of Metacognitive Awareness Inventory to first-year Portuguese university students. A sample of 360 students was considered and was identified a three-dimensional structure (Planning, 4 items; Strategies, 7 items; and Monitoring and evaluation, 7 items) with a second-order factor (Regulation of Cognition). The internal consistency values of the reduced scale are within the acceptable parameters for a self-report scale and the correlations with academic achievement at the end of the first year of the university guarantee the predictive validity of the scale. This short version of regulation of cognition measure allows its use in research with other instruments in larger studies and can function as a diagnostic / screening tool to help students in higher education learning challenges.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.6018/analesps.389361\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cef42bfa468548b384bbfcae028f04d6d92c172c\",\n \"result_position\": 23,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 28857590,\n \"title\": \"Relations between Students’ Motivation, and Perceptions of the Learning Environment\",\n \"venue\": \"Center for Educational Policy Studies Journal\",\n \"year\": 2015,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Radovan\",\n \"Danijela Makovec\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In this research, we have examined the characteristics of university students’ motivation and its connection with perceptions of the learning environment. Higher education teachers often find it challenging to decide how to organize their lectures and what instructional strategy they should use to be most effective. Therefore, we endeavoured to determine which characteristics of the learning environment best predict the motivational orientation of students and their satisfaction with the course. The survey included 120 postgraduate students of the Faculty of Arts at the University of Ljubljana. In order to measure their motivation, we employed several scales of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (Pintrich etal., 1991). For the purpose of this research, we created a new questionnaire for their evaluation of the learning environment. The results revealed a high correlation between the intrinsic goal orientation, self-efficacy, and control beliefs. The most important factors of the learning environment that are connected with the formation of intrinsic goal-orientation and the enjoyment of education are the perception of the usefulness of the studied topics, a feeling of autonomy, and teacher support. To an extent, these findings are supported by the findings of those authors who recommend using those methods of teaching that are in compliance with the student-centred understanding of teaching and learning. \",\n \"doi\": \"10.26529/cepsj.145\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cc6fea0794da9cd2b0c4ec8342ef572c9d3d6e19\",\n \"result_position\": 24,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 13029958,\n \"title\": \"Development and validation of a scale on self-regulation in learning (SSRL)\",\n \"venue\": \"SpringerPlus\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Tolga Erdogan\",\n \"Nuray Senemoğlu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Self-regulation is an individual’s influence, orientation, and control over his/her own behaviors. The primary aim of this study was to develop and validate a self-report scale on self-regulation that encompasses both cognitive and motivational factors. The validity and reliability studies of the scale were examined on responses of 872 university students. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the hypothesized model of self-regulated skills in learning. The scale has 67 items and the factor loadings range from 0.47 to 0.91. The Cronbach’s Alpha was computed 0.91 for the whole scale. Discussions and suggestions parallel to findings are given in the end.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1186/s40064-016-3367-y\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/555ab4d53d4d079fe572d226157cf99eda8c0556\",\n \"result_position\": 25,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 147051495,\n \"title\": \"PROPIEDADES PSICOMÉTRICAS Y ESTRUCTURA FACTORIAL DE LA ESCALA DE APRENDIZAJE AUTORREGULADO (EAA) EN ADOLESCENTES\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2015,\n \"authors\": [\n \"María Antonieta Elvira-Valdés\",\n \"L. Pujol\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Analyzed psychometric properties and factorial structures designed to measure learning dimensions and attributes using self-regulated learning scale (EAA) are discussed in this research paper. 402 high school teenagers in high school were sampled; the test showed satisfactory results and the reliability instrument was Cronbach Alpha: 842. Through a factorial analysis of main components, four factors based on self regulation theory were indentified. The results of this factorial analysis showed high rates of learning and self-regulated theoretical attributes along with a factor model for measuring the building blocks for which appropriate adjustment may allow its use for future research purposes in local and Latin environments.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.17081/PSICO.18.33.56\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/65e3d97db9d899b1ef6399dac5fb25f2133c32a5\",\n \"result_position\": 26,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 149949074,\n \"title\": \"Self-regulated Learning Skills: Adaptation of Scale\",\n \"venue\": \"Eğitimde ve Psikolojide Ölçme ve Değerlendirme Dergisi\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Şenol Şen\",\n \"Ayhan Yilmaz\",\n \"Ö. Geban\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The aim of this study is to adapt and examine the psychometric properties of Achievement Goal Scale (AGS) originally constructed by Elliot and McGregor (2001) and the Motivated Strategies for Learning Scale (MSLQ) originally constructed by Pintrich, Smith, Garcia and McKeachie (1991) in order to measure the self-regulated learning skills of high school students' in a chemistry course. The study group was comprised of 862 high school students attending a chemistry course in different public schools. The construct validity of the sub-scales included in the scales were tested by confirmatory factor analysis. For the reliability studies, the internal consistency coefficient Cronbach's alpha (α) values as well as McDonald's ω (omega) coefficients were calculated. In addition, item-total correlations were calculated for the reliability of each item in the scales. When the confirmatory factor analysis results were examined, it was accepted that the fit indices met the goodness of fit criteria for both the Achievement Goal Scale and Motivated Strategies for Learning Scale. Factor loadings of the items in both scales were statistically significant. These results showed that the Turkish forms of both scales have enough psychometric properties in terms of validity and reliability for a chemistry course.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.21031/epod.439039\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/255c69b78aec7aba32472df168da3f14856c1a1f\",\n \"result_position\": 27,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":91,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"DT service interactions traffic reveals sensitive contextual information such as user identity, behavioural patterns, and proprietary operational data. Encryption alone is insufficient because traffic volume, timing, and directional patterns can be exploited for inference attacks."},"query_timestamp":{"kind":"string","value":"2025-07-17T12:22:28.688698+00:00"},"thread_id":{"kind":"string","value":"baaf4a0e34f685fea1bf2ccfcbf788a045c66fad1988cae4dad8ca4234011033"},"num_shown":{"kind":"number","value":23,"string":"23"},"num_clicked":{"kind":"number","value":0,"string":"0"},"has_clicks":{"kind":"bool","value":false,"string":"false"},"shown_papers":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"corpus_id":30909641,"title":"Spying on the Smart Home: Privacy Attacks and Defenses on Encrypted IoT Traffic","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2017,"authors":["Noah J. Apthorpe","D. Reisman","S. Sundaresan","Arvind Narayanan","N. Feamster"],"abstract":"The growing market for smart home IoT devices promises new conveniences for consumers while presenting new challenges for preserving privacy within the home. Many smart home devices have always-on sensors that capture users' offline activities in their living spaces and transmit information about these activities on the Internet. In this paper, we demonstrate that an ISP or other network observer can infer privacy sensitive in-home activities by analyzing Internet traffic from smart homes containing commercially-available IoT devices even when the devices use encryption. We evaluate several strategies for mitigating the privacy risks associated with smart home device traffic, including blocking, tunneling, and rate-shaping. Our experiments show that traffic shaping can effectively and practically mitigate many privacy risks associated with smart home IoT devices. We find that 40KB/s extra bandwidth usage is enough to protect user activities from a passive network adversary. This bandwidth cost is well within the Internet speed limits and data caps for many smart homes.","doi":"","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cc9c4fa007a5a3773888c8fb0075b616a0d5937b","result_position":0,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":211266570,"title":"Packet-Level Signatures for Smart Home Devices","venue":"Network and Distributed System Security Symposium","year":2020,"authors":["Rahmadi Trimananda","Janus Varmarken","A. Markopoulou","Brian Demsky"],"abstract":"—Smart home devices are vulnerable to passive inference attacks based on network traffic, even in the presence of encryption. In this paper, we present P ING P ONG , a tool that can automatically extract packet-level signatures for device events ( e.g., light bulb turning ON/OFF) from network traffic. We evaluated P ING P ONG on popular smart home devices ranging from smart plugs and thermostats to cameras, voice-activated devices, and smart TVs. We were able to: (1) automatically extract previously unknown signatures that consist of simple sequences of packet lengths and directions; (2) use those signatures to detect the devices or specific events with an average recall of more than 97%; (3) show that the signatures are unique among hundreds of millions of packets of real world network traffic; (4) show that our methodology is also applicable to publicly available datasets; and (5) demonstrate its robustness in different settings: events triggered by local and remote smartphones, as well as by home-automation systems.","doi":"10.14722/ndss.2020.24097","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e676f55a190c11c1d5264722a9c39813641a3850","result_position":1,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":51939749,"title":"Peek-a-boo: i see your smart home activities, even encrypted!","venue":"Wireless Network Security","year":2018,"authors":["Abbas Acar","Hossein Fereidooni","Tigist Abera","A. Sikder","Markus Miettinen","Hidayet Aksu","M. Conti","A. Sadeghi","Selcuk Uluagac"],"abstract":"A myriad of IoT devices such as bulbs, switches, speakers in a smart home environment allow users to easily control the physical world around them and facilitate their living styles through the sensors already embedded in these devices. Sensor data contains a lot of sensitive information about the user and devices. However, an attacker inside or near a smart home environment can potentially exploit the innate wireless medium used by these devices to exfiltrate sensitive information from the encrypted payload (i.e., sensor data) about the users and their activities, invading user privacy. With this in mind, in this work, we introduce a novel multi-stage privacy attack against user privacy in a smart environment. It is realized utilizing state-of-the-art machine-learning approaches for detecting and identifying the types of IoT devices, their states, and ongoing user activities in a cascading style by only passively sniffing the network traffic from smart home devices and sensors. The attack effectively works on both encrypted and unencrypted communications. We evaluate the efficiency of the attack with real measurements from an extensive set of popular off-the-shelf smart home IoT devices utilizing a set of diverse network protocols like WiFi, ZigBee, and BLE. Our results show that an adversary passively sniffing the traffic can achieve very high accuracy (above 90%) in identifying the state and actions of targeted smart home devices and their users. To protect against this privacy leakage, we also propose a countermeasure based on generating spoofed traffic to hide the device states and demonstrate that it provides better protection than existing solutions.","doi":"10.1145/3395351.3399421","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f660a4253bfd8fb4f67a95e867225013282a2aba","result_position":2,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":54442633,"title":"Keeping the Smart Home Private with Smart(er) IoT Traffic Shaping","venue":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","year":2018,"authors":["Noah J. Apthorpe","D. Huang","D. Reisman","Arvind Narayanan","N. Feamster"],"abstract":"Abstract The proliferation of smart home Internet of things (IoT) devices presents unprecedented challenges for preserving privacy within the home. In this paper, we demonstrate that a passive network observer (e.g., an Internet service provider) can infer private in-home activities by analyzing Internet traffic from commercially available smart home devices even when the devices use end-to-end transport-layer encryption. We evaluate common approaches for defending against these types of traffic analysis attacks, including firewalls, virtual private networks, and independent link padding, and find that none sufficiently conceal user activities with reasonable data overhead. We develop a new defense, “stochastic traffic padding” (STP), that makes it difficult for a passive network adversary to reliably distinguish genuine user activities from generated traffic patterns designed to look like user interactions. Our analysis provides a theoretical bound on an adversary’s ability to accurately detect genuine user activities as a function of the amount of additional cover traffic generated by the defense technique.","doi":"10.2478/popets-2019-0040","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cef1a895e59ea618d70c383a498547981c340f84","result_position":3,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":272606596,"title":"Exploring QUIC Security and Privacy: A Comprehensive Survey on QUIC Security and Privacy Vulnerabilities, Threats, Attacks, and Future Research Directions","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","year":2024,"authors":["Ieee Y A Joarder Member","Ieee Carol Fung Member"],"abstract":"QUIC is a modern transport protocol aiming to improve Web connection performance and security. It is the transport layer for HTTP/3. QUIC offers numerous advantages over traditional transport layer protocols, such as TCP and UDP, including reduced latency, improved congestion control, connection migration and encryption by default. However, these benefits introduce new security and privacy challenges that need to be addressed, as cyber attackers can exploit weaknesses in the protocol. QUIC’s security and privacy issues have been largely unexplored, as existing research on QUIC primarily focuses on performance upgrades. This survey paper addresses the knowledge gap in QUIC’s security and privacy challenges while proposing directions for future research to enhance its security and privacy. Our comprehensive analysis covers QUIC’s history, architecture, core mechanisms (such as cryptographic design and handshaking process), security model, and threat landscape. We examine QUIC’s significant vulnerabilities, critical security and privacy attacks, emerging threats, advanced security and privacy challenges, and mitigation strategies. Furthermore, we outline future research directions to improve QUIC’s security and privacy. By exploring the protocol’s security and privacy implications, this paper informs decision-making processes and enhances online safety for users and professionals. Our research identifies key risks, vulnerabilities, threats, and attacks targeting QUIC, providing actionable insights to strengthen the protocol. Through this comprehensive analysis, we contribute to developing and deploying a faster, more secure next-generation Internet infrastructure. We hope this investigation serves as a foundation for future Internet security and privacy innovations, ensuring robust protection for modern digital communications.","doi":"10.1109/TNSM.2024.3457858","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f5e5e87ec43124f79ee2cb817db19387e58ff7e4","result_position":4,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":261697391,"title":"Random Segmentation: New Traffic Obfuscation against Packet-Size-Based Side-Channel Attacks","venue":"Electronics","year":2023,"authors":["Mnassar Alyami","Abdulmajeed Alghamdi","Mohammed Alkhowaiter","C. Zou","Yan Solihin"],"abstract":"Despite encryption, the packet size is still visible, enabling observers to infer private information in the Internet of Things (IoT) environment (e.g., IoT device identification). Packet padding obfuscates packet-length characteristics with a high data overhead because it relies on adding noise to the data. This paper proposes a more data-efficient approach that randomizes packet sizes without adding noise. We achieve this by splitting large TCP segments into random-sized chunks; hence, the packet length distribution is obfuscated without adding noise data. Our client–server implementation using TCP sockets demonstrates the feasibility of our approach at the application level. We realize our packet size control by adjusting two local socket-programming parameters. First, we enable the TCP_NODELAY option to send out each packet with our specified length. Second, we downsize the sending buffer to prevent the sender from pushing out more data than can be received, which could disable our control of the packet sizes. We simulate our defense on a network trace of four IoT devices and show a reduction in device classification accuracy from 98% to 63%, close to random guessing. Meanwhile, the real-world data transmission experiments show that the added latency is reasonable, less than 21%, while the added packet header overhead is only about 5%.","doi":"10.3390/electronics12183816","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8a51a7cfb83e8f4a65291446ee8bbc2ce88038b4","result_position":5,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":239050291,"title":"Classification of Encrypted IoT Traffic despite Padding and Shaping","venue":"WPES@CCS","year":2021,"authors":["Aviv Engelberg","A. Wool"],"abstract":"It is well-known that when IoT traffic is unencrypted it is possible to identify the active devices based on their TCP/IP headers. And when traffic is encrypted, packet-sizes and timings can still be used to do so. To defend against such fingerprinting, traffic padding and shaping were introduced. In this paper we show that even with these mitigations, the privacy of IoT consumers can still be violated. The main tool we use in our analysis is the full distribution of packet-size---as opposed to commonly used statistics such as mean and variance. We evaluate the performance of a local adversary, such as a snooping neighbor or a criminal, against 8~different padding methods. We show that our classifiers achieve perfect (100% accuracy) classification using the full packet-size distribution for low-overhead methods, whereas prior works that rely on statistical metadata achieved lower rates even when no padding and shaping were used. We also achieve an excellent classification rate even against high-overhead methods. We further show how an external adversary such as a malicious ISP or a government intelligence agency, who only sees the padded and shaped traffic as it goes through a VPN, can accurately identify the subset of active devices with Recall and Precision of at least 96%. Finally, we also propose a new method of padding we call the Dynamic STP (DSTP) that incurs significantly less per-packet overhead compared to other padding methods we tested and guarantees more privacy to IoT consumers.","doi":"10.1145/3559613.3563191","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3348b08fd6b8729b928c7ed1f832e4db8696d83b","result_position":6,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":773257,"title":"Can't You Hear Me Knocking: Identification of User Actions on Android Apps via Traffic Analysis","venue":"Conference on Data and Application Security and Privacy","year":2014,"authors":["M. Conti","L. Mancini","Riccardo Spolaor","Nino Vincenzo Verde"],"abstract":"While smartphone usage become more and more pervasive, people start also asking to which extent such devices can be maliciously exploited as \"tracking devices\". The concern is not only related to an adversary taking physical or remote control of the device, but also to what a passive adversary without the above capabilities can observe from the device communications. Work in this latter direction aimed, for example, at inferring the apps a user has installed on his device, or identifying the presence of a specific user within a network. In this paper, we move a step forward: we investigate to which extent it is feasible to identify the specific actions that a user is doing on mobile apps, by eavesdropping their encrypted network traffic. We design a system that achieves this goal by using advanced machine learning techniques. We did a complete implementation of this system and run a thorough set of experiments, which show that it can achieve accuracy and precision higher than 95% for most of the considered actions.","doi":"10.1145/2699026.2699119","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/127adb792a1f284e6a837be287343c1e0fa72cc3","result_position":7,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":251664151,"title":"A Blockchain-Enabled Secure Digital Twin Framework for Early Botnet Detection in IIoT Environment","venue":"Italian National Conference on Sensors","year":2022,"authors":["Mikail Mohammed Salim","K. C. Alowonou","Nurbek Tojimurotov","Heejae Park","Jong Hyuk Park"],"abstract":"Resource constraints in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) result in brute-force attacks, transforming them into a botnet to launch Distributed Denial of Service Attacks. The delayed detection of botnet formation presents challenges in controlling the spread of malicious scripts in other devices and increases the probability of a high-volume cyberattack. In this paper, we propose a secure Blockchain-enabled Digital Framework for the early detection of Bot formation in a Smart Factory environment. A Digital Twin (DT) is designed for a group of devices on the edge layer to collect device data and inspect packet headers using Deep Learning for connections with external unique IP addresses with open connections. Data are synchronized between the DT and a Packet Auditor (PA) for detecting corrupt device data transmission. Smart Contracts authenticate the DT and PA, ensuring malicious nodes do not participate in data synchronization. Botnet spread is prevented using DT certificate revocation. A comparative analysis of the proposed framework with existing studies demonstrates that the synchronization of data between the DT and PA ensures data integrity for the Botnet detection model training. Data privacy is maintained by inspecting only Packet headers, thereby not requiring the decryption of encrypted data.","doi":"10.3390/s22166133","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/827982ddac90fd443e2b187384390974b251c5dc","result_position":8,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":12421305,"title":"Website fingerprinting in onion routing based anonymization networks","venue":"Workshop on Privacy in the Electronic Society","year":2011,"authors":["A. Panchenko","L. Niessen","Andreas Zinnen","T. Engel"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1145/2046556.2046570","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2b5e90bc36ded540baf24cdc8a5bb8e66032bc08","result_position":9,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":270764345,"title":"A Survey on Privacy Attacks Against Digital Twin Systems in AI-Robotics","venue":"International Conference on Communications in Computing","year":2024,"authors":["I. Fernandez","Subash Neupane","Trisha Chakraborty","Shaswata Mitra","Sudip Mittal","Nisha Pillai","Jingdao Chen","Shahram Rahimi"],"abstract":"Industry 4.0 has witnessed the rise of complex robots fueled by the integration of Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning (AI/ML) and Digital Twin (DT) technologies. While these technologies offer numerous benefits, they also introduce potential privacy and security risks. This paper surveys privacy attacks targeting robots enabled by AI and DT models. Exfiltration and data leakage of ML models are discussed in addition to the potential extraction of models derived from first-principles (e.g., physics-based). We also discuss design considerations with DT-integrated robotics touching on the impact of ML model training, responsible AI and DT safeguards, data governance and ethical considerations on the effectiveness of these attacks. We advocate for a trusted autonomy approach, emphasizing the need to combine robotics, AI, and DT technologies with robust ethical frameworks and trustworthiness principles for secure and reliable AI robotic systems.","doi":"10.1109/CIC62241.2024.00019","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/452e4a564513fa9412e6e836982bd2570470ae72","result_position":10,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":270560248,"title":"I Still See You: Why Existing IoT Traffic Reshaping Fails","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2024,"authors":["Su Wang","Keyang Yu","Qi Li","Dong Chen"],"abstract":"The Internet traffic data produced by the Internet of Things (IoT) devices are collected by Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and device manufacturers, and often shared with their third parties to maintain and enhance user services. Unfortunately, on-path adversaries could infer and fingerprint users' sensitive privacy information such as occupancy and user activities by analyzing these network traffic traces. While there's a growing body of literature on defending against this side-channel attack-malicious IoT traffic analytics (TA), there's currently no systematic method to compare and evaluate the comprehensiveness of these existing studies. To address this problem, we design a new low-cost, open-source system framework-IoT Traffic Exposure Monitoring Toolkit (ITEMTK) that enables people to comprehensively examine and validate prior attack models and their defending approaches. In particular, we also design a novel image-based attack capable of inferring sensitive user information, even when users employ the most robust preventative measures in their smart homes. Researchers could leverage our new image-based attack to systematize and understand the existing literature on IoT traffic analysis attacks and preventing studies. Our results show that current defending approaches are not sufficient to protect IoT device user privacy. IoT devices are significantly vulnerable to our new image-based user privacy inference attacks, posing a grave threat to IoT device user privacy. We also highlight potential future improvements to enhance the defending approaches. ITEMTK's flexibility allows other researchers for easy expansion by integrating new TA attack models and prevention methods to benchmark their future work.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2406.10358","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4db2037c6af8769434f80b35f5c956ea3b10ac3e","result_position":11,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":2119577,"title":"k-fingerprinting: A Robust Scalable Website Fingerprinting Technique","venue":"USENIX Security Symposium","year":2015,"authors":["Jamie Hayes","G. Danezis"],"abstract":"Website fingerprinting enables an attacker to infer which web page a client is browsing through encrypted or anonymized network connections. We present a new website fingerprinting technique based on random decision forests and evaluate performance over standard web pages as well as Tor hidden services, on a larger scale than previous works. Our technique, k-fingerprinting, performs better than current state-of-the-art attacks even against website fingerprinting defenses, and we show that it is possible to launch a website fingerprinting attack in the face of a large amount of noisy data. We can correctly determine which of 30 monitored hidden services a client is visiting with 85% true positive rate (TPR), a false positive rate (FPR) as low as 0.02%, from a world size of 100,000 unmonitored web pages. We further show that error rates vary widely between web resources, and thus some patterns of use will be predictably more vulnerable to attack than others.","doi":"","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b10c4f0ccade4e584415f407f5a9c115a607f9e0","result_position":12,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":232094713,"title":"I still See You! Inferring Fitness Data from Encrypted Traffic of Wearables","venue":"International Conference on Health Informatics","year":2021,"authors":["Andrei Kazlouski","T. Marchioro","Harry Manifavas","E. Markatos"],"abstract":"In this paper we describe a cyberattack against 2 well-known wearable devices. The attacker presented in this paper is an “honest but curious” Internet Service Provider (ISP) sitting somewhere in the path between the device and the cloud. The ISP launches the attack when the smartbands try to synchronize their data with the permanent cloud storage. By launching its attack, this “honest but curious” ISP is able to learn much personal information about the users of the smartbands, including the frequency of measuring the users’ heart rate and weight; the number and duration of workouts; as well as whether (i) sleep or (ii) steps were recorded on a given day. We show that privacy leaks might occur even when the transferred data are fully encrypted, and the representative mobile application utilizes state-of-the-art security mechanisms: certificate pinning, and source","doi":"10.5220/0010233103690376","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fbca87cb0e4b7046d3ee685d35eb86ee4e98c8a3","result_position":13,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":237509469,"title":"Efficient yet Robust Privacy Preservation for MPEG-DASH-Based Video Streaming","venue":"Secur. Commun. Networks","year":2021,"authors":["Luke Cranfill","Jeehyeong Kim","Hongkyu Lee","Victor Youdom Kemmoe","Sunghyun Cho","Junggab Son"],"abstract":"MPEG-DASH is a video streaming standard that outlines protocols for sending audio and video content from a server to a client over HTTP. However, it creates an opportunity for an adversary to invade users’ privacy. While a user is watching a video, information is leaked in the form of meta-data, the size of data and the time the server sent the data to the user. After a fingerprint of this data is created, the adversary can use this to identify whether a target user is watching the corresponding video. Only one defense strategy has been proposed to deal with this problem: differential privacy that adds sufficient noise in order to muddle the attacks. However, that strategy still suffers from the trade-off between privacy and efficiency. This paper proposes a novel defense strategy against the attacks with rigorous privacy and performance goals creating a private, scalable solution. Our algorithm, “No Data are Alone” (NDA), is highly efficient. The experimental results show that our scheme is more than two times efficient in terms of excess downloaded video (represented as waste) compared to the most efficient differential privacy-based scheme. Additionally, no classifier can achieve an accuracy above 7.07% against videos obfuscated with our scheme.","doi":"10.1155/2021/4702469","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fdbde2f89b702e6c2f2bc5fbbe0e6fdab3a14c9f","result_position":14,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":1992201,"title":"Energy-Efficient Privacy Protection for Smart Home Environments Using Behavioral Semantics","venue":"Italian National Conference on Sensors","year":2014,"authors":["Homin Park","Can Basaran","Taejoon Park","S. Son"],"abstract":"Research on smart environments saturated with ubiquitous computing devices is rapidly advancing while raising serious privacy issues. According to recent studies, privacy concerns significantly hinder widespread adoption of smart home technologies. Previous work has shown that it is possible to infer the activities of daily living within environments equipped with wireless sensors by monitoring radio fingerprints and traffic patterns. Since data encryption cannot prevent privacy invasions exploiting transmission pattern analysis and statistical inference, various methods based on fake data generation for concealing traffic patterns have been studied. In this paper, we describe an energy-efficient, light-weight, low-latency algorithm for creating dummy activities that are semantically similar to the observed phenomena. By using these cloaking activities, the amount of fake data transmissions can be flexibly controlled to support a trade-off between energy efficiency and privacy protection. According to the experiments using real data collected from a smart home environment, our proposed method can extend the lifetime of the network by more than 2× compared to the previous methods in the literature. Furthermore, the activity cloaking method supports low latency transmission of real data while also significantly reducing the accuracy of the wireless snooping attacks.","doi":"10.3390/s140916235","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5d4ceb877391dcd5915c4662b248f27069821b83","result_position":15,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":270878182,"title":"Securing Distributed Network Digital Twin Systems Against Model Poisoning Attacks","venue":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","year":2024,"authors":["Zifan Zhang","Minghong Fang","Mingzhe Chen","Gaolei Li","Xi Lin","Yuchen Liu"],"abstract":"In the era of 5G and beyond, the increasing complexity of wireless networks necessitates innovative frameworks for efficient management and deployment. Digital twins (DTs), embodying real-time monitoring, predictive configurations, and enhanced decision-making capabilities, stand out as a promising solution in this context. Within a time-series data-driven framework that effectively maps wireless networks into digital counterparts, encapsulated by integrated vertical and horizontal twinning phases, this study investigates the security challenges in distributed network DT (NDT) systems, which potentially undermine the reliability of subsequent network applications, such as wireless traffic forecasting. Specifically, we consider a minimal-knowledge scenario for all attackers, in that they do not have access to network data and other specialized knowledge, yet can interact with previous iterations of server-level models. In this context, we spotlight a novel fake traffic injection attack designed to compromise a distributed NDT system for wireless traffic prediction. In response, we then propose a defense mechanism, termed global-local inconsistency detection (GLID), to counteract various model poisoning threats. GLID strategically removes abnormal model parameters that deviate beyond a particular percentile range, thereby fortifying the security of network twinning process. Through extensive experiments on real-world wireless traffic data sets, our experimental evaluations show that both our attack and defense strategies significantly outperform existing baselines, highlighting the importance of security measures in the design and implementation of DTs for 5G and beyond network systems.","doi":"10.1109/JIOT.2024.3421895","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2632e8d52aebb226f52f95db1ceba5905be86152","result_position":16,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":47011059,"title":"Reducing Metadata Leakage from Encrypted Files and Communication with PURBs","venue":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","year":2018,"authors":["K. Nikitin","Ludovic Barman","M. Underwood","B. Ford"],"abstract":"Abstract Most encrypted data formats leak metadata via their plaintext headers, such as format version, encryption schemes used, number of recipients who can decrypt the data, and even the recipients’ identities. This leakage can pose security and privacy risks to users, e.g., by revealing the full membership of a group of collaborators from a single encrypted e-mail, or by enabling an eavesdropper to fingerprint the precise encryption software version and configuration the sender used. We propose that future encrypted data formats improve security and privacy hygiene by producing Padded Uniform Random Blobs or PURBs: ciphertexts indistinguishable from random bit strings to anyone without a decryption key. A PURB’s content leaks nothing at all, even the application that created it, and is padded such that even its length leaks as little as possible. Encoding and decoding ciphertexts with no cleartext markers presents efficiency challenges, however. We present cryptographically agile encodings enabling legitimate recipients to decrypt a PURB efficiently, even when encrypted for any number of recipients’ public keys and/or passwords, and when these public keys are from different cryptographic suites. PURBs employ Padmé, a novel padding scheme that limits information leakage via ciphertexts of maximum length M to a practical optimum of O(log log M) bits, comparable to padding to a power of two, but with lower overhead of at most 12% and decreasing with larger payloads.","doi":"10.2478/popets-2019-0056","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f282c31f38837adb5f1e7c8b370e767cc983f382","result_position":17,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":7918770,"title":"Side-Channel Leaks in Web Applications: A Reality Today, a Challenge Tomorrow","venue":"IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy","year":2010,"authors":["Shuo Chen","Rui Wang","Xiaofeng Wang","Kehuan Zhang"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1109/SP.2010.20","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9837a70c231c0ef3d33c2c9f5b56afd40548acce","result_position":18,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":271387607,"title":"Enhancing Resilience in Digital Twins: ASCON-Based Security Solutions for Industry 4.0","venue":"Network","year":2024,"authors":["Mohammed El-hajj","T. Gebremariam"],"abstract":"Persistent security challenges in Industry 4.0 due to the limited resources of IoT devices necessitate innovative solutions. Addressing this, this study introduces the ASCON algorithm for lightweight authenticated encryption with associated data, enhancing confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity within IoT limitations. By integrating Digital Twins, the framework emphasizes the need for robust security in Industry 4.0, with ASCON ensuring secure data transmission and bolstering system resilience against cyber threats. Practical validation using the MQTT protocol confirms ASCON’s efficacy over AES-GCM, highlighting its potential for enhanced security in Industry 4.0. Future research should focus on optimizing ASCON for microprocessors and developing secure remote access tailored to resource-constrained devices, ensuring adaptability in the digital era.","doi":"10.3390/network4030013","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/aa42c3f1ede9b4c3a9656b2d64b8101064f24f01","result_position":19,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":11285733,"title":"Privacy Vulnerabilities in Encrypted HTTP Streams","venue":"International Symposium on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","year":2005,"authors":["G. Bissias","M. Liberatore","David D. Jensen","B. Levine"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1007/11767831_1","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e099d1be30e2783b006ea2fc5025fef5cf7e0b1d","result_position":20,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":55508349,"title":"Burning money with firewalls","venue":"South African Computer Journal","year":2015,"authors":["R. C. Staudemeyer","James Connan"],"abstract":"Protecting computing infrastructure is an expensive but necessary task. Companies that run their own computing infrastructure need to constantly vigilant in order to guard against intruders on their networks and groups or individuals that seek to intercept their communications. Companies turn to Firewall and Intrusion Detection System vendors to help them safeguard their information and infrastructure. These companies are putting their faith in expensive devices that attempt to distinguish between friendly and malicious traffic. Despite the expense and complexity of these systems, malicious users seem to find ways to avoid detection and news of massive breaches have become an almost daily occurrence. We propose to fundamentally change the way to look at information security. We highlight some of the fundamental flaws in current systems and expose risks that many experts know, but are not aware of.","doi":"10.18489/SACJ.V56I1.322","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/828a6e1074ba3fd8b1d9a8088b0e01fa0fc0f50f","result_position":21,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":232072059,"title":"The Role of AI, Machine Learning, and Big Data in Digital Twinning: A Systematic Literature Review, Challenges, and Opportunities","venue":"IEEE Access","year":2021,"authors":["M. M. Rathore","Syed Attique Shah","Dhirendra Shukla","Elmahdi Bentafat","S. Bakiras"],"abstract":"Digital twinning is one of the top ten technology trends in the last couple of years, due to its high applicability in the industrial sector. The integration of big data analytics and artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI-ML) techniques with digital twinning, further enriches its significance and research potential with new opportunities and unique challenges. To date, a number of scientific models have been designed and implemented related to this evolving topic. However, there is no systematic review of digital twinning, particularly focusing on the role of AI-ML and big data, to guide the academia and industry towards future developments. Therefore, this article emphasizes the role of big data and AI-ML in the creation of digital twins (DTs) or DT-based systems for various industrial applications, by highlighting the current state-of-the-art deployments. We performed a systematic review on top of multidisciplinary electronic bibliographic databases, in addition to existing patents in the field. Also, we identified development-tools that can facilitate various levels of the digital twinning. Further, we designed a big data driven and AI-enriched reference architecture that leads developers to a complete DT-enabled system. Finally, we highlighted the research potential of AI-ML for digital twinning by unveiling challenges and current opportunities.","doi":"10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3060863","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8ee8d51b5c29f6aadd0b6dcff2a475373a3a021b","result_position":22,"is_clicked":false}],"string":"[\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 30909641,\n \"title\": \"Spying on the Smart Home: Privacy Attacks and Defenses on Encrypted IoT Traffic\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Noah J. Apthorpe\",\n \"D. Reisman\",\n \"S. Sundaresan\",\n \"Arvind Narayanan\",\n \"N. Feamster\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The growing market for smart home IoT devices promises new conveniences for consumers while presenting new challenges for preserving privacy within the home. Many smart home devices have always-on sensors that capture users' offline activities in their living spaces and transmit information about these activities on the Internet. In this paper, we demonstrate that an ISP or other network observer can infer privacy sensitive in-home activities by analyzing Internet traffic from smart homes containing commercially-available IoT devices even when the devices use encryption. We evaluate several strategies for mitigating the privacy risks associated with smart home device traffic, including blocking, tunneling, and rate-shaping. Our experiments show that traffic shaping can effectively and practically mitigate many privacy risks associated with smart home IoT devices. We find that 40KB/s extra bandwidth usage is enough to protect user activities from a passive network adversary. This bandwidth cost is well within the Internet speed limits and data caps for many smart homes.\",\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cc9c4fa007a5a3773888c8fb0075b616a0d5937b\",\n \"result_position\": 0,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 211266570,\n \"title\": \"Packet-Level Signatures for Smart Home Devices\",\n \"venue\": \"Network and Distributed System Security Symposium\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Rahmadi Trimananda\",\n \"Janus Varmarken\",\n \"A. Markopoulou\",\n \"Brian Demsky\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"—Smart home devices are vulnerable to passive inference attacks based on network traffic, even in the presence of encryption. In this paper, we present P ING P ONG , a tool that can automatically extract packet-level signatures for device events ( e.g., light bulb turning ON/OFF) from network traffic. We evaluated P ING P ONG on popular smart home devices ranging from smart plugs and thermostats to cameras, voice-activated devices, and smart TVs. We were able to: (1) automatically extract previously unknown signatures that consist of simple sequences of packet lengths and directions; (2) use those signatures to detect the devices or specific events with an average recall of more than 97%; (3) show that the signatures are unique among hundreds of millions of packets of real world network traffic; (4) show that our methodology is also applicable to publicly available datasets; and (5) demonstrate its robustness in different settings: events triggered by local and remote smartphones, as well as by home-automation systems.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.14722/ndss.2020.24097\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e676f55a190c11c1d5264722a9c39813641a3850\",\n \"result_position\": 1,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 51939749,\n \"title\": \"Peek-a-boo: i see your smart home activities, even encrypted!\",\n \"venue\": \"Wireless Network Security\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Abbas Acar\",\n \"Hossein Fereidooni\",\n \"Tigist Abera\",\n \"A. Sikder\",\n \"Markus Miettinen\",\n \"Hidayet Aksu\",\n \"M. Conti\",\n \"A. Sadeghi\",\n \"Selcuk Uluagac\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"A myriad of IoT devices such as bulbs, switches, speakers in a smart home environment allow users to easily control the physical world around them and facilitate their living styles through the sensors already embedded in these devices. Sensor data contains a lot of sensitive information about the user and devices. However, an attacker inside or near a smart home environment can potentially exploit the innate wireless medium used by these devices to exfiltrate sensitive information from the encrypted payload (i.e., sensor data) about the users and their activities, invading user privacy. With this in mind, in this work, we introduce a novel multi-stage privacy attack against user privacy in a smart environment. It is realized utilizing state-of-the-art machine-learning approaches for detecting and identifying the types of IoT devices, their states, and ongoing user activities in a cascading style by only passively sniffing the network traffic from smart home devices and sensors. The attack effectively works on both encrypted and unencrypted communications. We evaluate the efficiency of the attack with real measurements from an extensive set of popular off-the-shelf smart home IoT devices utilizing a set of diverse network protocols like WiFi, ZigBee, and BLE. Our results show that an adversary passively sniffing the traffic can achieve very high accuracy (above 90%) in identifying the state and actions of targeted smart home devices and their users. To protect against this privacy leakage, we also propose a countermeasure based on generating spoofed traffic to hide the device states and demonstrate that it provides better protection than existing solutions.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1145/3395351.3399421\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f660a4253bfd8fb4f67a95e867225013282a2aba\",\n \"result_position\": 2,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 54442633,\n \"title\": \"Keeping the Smart Home Private with Smart(er) IoT Traffic Shaping\",\n \"venue\": \"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Noah J. Apthorpe\",\n \"D. Huang\",\n \"D. Reisman\",\n \"Arvind Narayanan\",\n \"N. Feamster\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract The proliferation of smart home Internet of things (IoT) devices presents unprecedented challenges for preserving privacy within the home. In this paper, we demonstrate that a passive network observer (e.g., an Internet service provider) can infer private in-home activities by analyzing Internet traffic from commercially available smart home devices even when the devices use end-to-end transport-layer encryption. We evaluate common approaches for defending against these types of traffic analysis attacks, including firewalls, virtual private networks, and independent link padding, and find that none sufficiently conceal user activities with reasonable data overhead. We develop a new defense, “stochastic traffic padding” (STP), that makes it difficult for a passive network adversary to reliably distinguish genuine user activities from generated traffic patterns designed to look like user interactions. Our analysis provides a theoretical bound on an adversary’s ability to accurately detect genuine user activities as a function of the amount of additional cover traffic generated by the defense technique.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.2478/popets-2019-0040\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cef1a895e59ea618d70c383a498547981c340f84\",\n \"result_position\": 3,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 272606596,\n \"title\": \"Exploring QUIC Security and Privacy: A Comprehensive Survey on QUIC Security and Privacy Vulnerabilities, Threats, Attacks, and Future Research Directions\",\n \"venue\": \"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ieee Y A Joarder Member\",\n \"Ieee Carol Fung Member\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"QUIC is a modern transport protocol aiming to improve Web connection performance and security. It is the transport layer for HTTP/3. QUIC offers numerous advantages over traditional transport layer protocols, such as TCP and UDP, including reduced latency, improved congestion control, connection migration and encryption by default. However, these benefits introduce new security and privacy challenges that need to be addressed, as cyber attackers can exploit weaknesses in the protocol. QUIC’s security and privacy issues have been largely unexplored, as existing research on QUIC primarily focuses on performance upgrades. This survey paper addresses the knowledge gap in QUIC’s security and privacy challenges while proposing directions for future research to enhance its security and privacy. Our comprehensive analysis covers QUIC’s history, architecture, core mechanisms (such as cryptographic design and handshaking process), security model, and threat landscape. We examine QUIC’s significant vulnerabilities, critical security and privacy attacks, emerging threats, advanced security and privacy challenges, and mitigation strategies. Furthermore, we outline future research directions to improve QUIC’s security and privacy. By exploring the protocol’s security and privacy implications, this paper informs decision-making processes and enhances online safety for users and professionals. Our research identifies key risks, vulnerabilities, threats, and attacks targeting QUIC, providing actionable insights to strengthen the protocol. Through this comprehensive analysis, we contribute to developing and deploying a faster, more secure next-generation Internet infrastructure. We hope this investigation serves as a foundation for future Internet security and privacy innovations, ensuring robust protection for modern digital communications.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/TNSM.2024.3457858\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f5e5e87ec43124f79ee2cb817db19387e58ff7e4\",\n \"result_position\": 4,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 261697391,\n \"title\": \"Random Segmentation: New Traffic Obfuscation against Packet-Size-Based Side-Channel Attacks\",\n \"venue\": \"Electronics\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Mnassar Alyami\",\n \"Abdulmajeed Alghamdi\",\n \"Mohammed Alkhowaiter\",\n \"C. Zou\",\n \"Yan Solihin\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Despite encryption, the packet size is still visible, enabling observers to infer private information in the Internet of Things (IoT) environment (e.g., IoT device identification). Packet padding obfuscates packet-length characteristics with a high data overhead because it relies on adding noise to the data. This paper proposes a more data-efficient approach that randomizes packet sizes without adding noise. We achieve this by splitting large TCP segments into random-sized chunks; hence, the packet length distribution is obfuscated without adding noise data. Our client–server implementation using TCP sockets demonstrates the feasibility of our approach at the application level. We realize our packet size control by adjusting two local socket-programming parameters. First, we enable the TCP_NODELAY option to send out each packet with our specified length. Second, we downsize the sending buffer to prevent the sender from pushing out more data than can be received, which could disable our control of the packet sizes. We simulate our defense on a network trace of four IoT devices and show a reduction in device classification accuracy from 98% to 63%, close to random guessing. Meanwhile, the real-world data transmission experiments show that the added latency is reasonable, less than 21%, while the added packet header overhead is only about 5%.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/electronics12183816\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8a51a7cfb83e8f4a65291446ee8bbc2ce88038b4\",\n \"result_position\": 5,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 239050291,\n \"title\": \"Classification of Encrypted IoT Traffic despite Padding and Shaping\",\n \"venue\": \"WPES@CCS\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Aviv Engelberg\",\n \"A. Wool\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"It is well-known that when IoT traffic is unencrypted it is possible to identify the active devices based on their TCP/IP headers. And when traffic is encrypted, packet-sizes and timings can still be used to do so. To defend against such fingerprinting, traffic padding and shaping were introduced. In this paper we show that even with these mitigations, the privacy of IoT consumers can still be violated. The main tool we use in our analysis is the full distribution of packet-size---as opposed to commonly used statistics such as mean and variance. We evaluate the performance of a local adversary, such as a snooping neighbor or a criminal, against 8~different padding methods. We show that our classifiers achieve perfect (100% accuracy) classification using the full packet-size distribution for low-overhead methods, whereas prior works that rely on statistical metadata achieved lower rates even when no padding and shaping were used. We also achieve an excellent classification rate even against high-overhead methods. We further show how an external adversary such as a malicious ISP or a government intelligence agency, who only sees the padded and shaped traffic as it goes through a VPN, can accurately identify the subset of active devices with Recall and Precision of at least 96%. Finally, we also propose a new method of padding we call the Dynamic STP (DSTP) that incurs significantly less per-packet overhead compared to other padding methods we tested and guarantees more privacy to IoT consumers.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1145/3559613.3563191\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3348b08fd6b8729b928c7ed1f832e4db8696d83b\",\n \"result_position\": 6,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 773257,\n \"title\": \"Can't You Hear Me Knocking: Identification of User Actions on Android Apps via Traffic Analysis\",\n \"venue\": \"Conference on Data and Application Security and Privacy\",\n \"year\": 2014,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Conti\",\n \"L. Mancini\",\n \"Riccardo Spolaor\",\n \"Nino Vincenzo Verde\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"While smartphone usage become more and more pervasive, people start also asking to which extent such devices can be maliciously exploited as \\\"tracking devices\\\". The concern is not only related to an adversary taking physical or remote control of the device, but also to what a passive adversary without the above capabilities can observe from the device communications. Work in this latter direction aimed, for example, at inferring the apps a user has installed on his device, or identifying the presence of a specific user within a network. In this paper, we move a step forward: we investigate to which extent it is feasible to identify the specific actions that a user is doing on mobile apps, by eavesdropping their encrypted network traffic. We design a system that achieves this goal by using advanced machine learning techniques. We did a complete implementation of this system and run a thorough set of experiments, which show that it can achieve accuracy and precision higher than 95% for most of the considered actions.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1145/2699026.2699119\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/127adb792a1f284e6a837be287343c1e0fa72cc3\",\n \"result_position\": 7,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 251664151,\n \"title\": \"A Blockchain-Enabled Secure Digital Twin Framework for Early Botnet Detection in IIoT Environment\",\n \"venue\": \"Italian National Conference on Sensors\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Mikail Mohammed Salim\",\n \"K. C. Alowonou\",\n \"Nurbek Tojimurotov\",\n \"Heejae Park\",\n \"Jong Hyuk Park\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Resource constraints in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) result in brute-force attacks, transforming them into a botnet to launch Distributed Denial of Service Attacks. The delayed detection of botnet formation presents challenges in controlling the spread of malicious scripts in other devices and increases the probability of a high-volume cyberattack. In this paper, we propose a secure Blockchain-enabled Digital Framework for the early detection of Bot formation in a Smart Factory environment. A Digital Twin (DT) is designed for a group of devices on the edge layer to collect device data and inspect packet headers using Deep Learning for connections with external unique IP addresses with open connections. Data are synchronized between the DT and a Packet Auditor (PA) for detecting corrupt device data transmission. Smart Contracts authenticate the DT and PA, ensuring malicious nodes do not participate in data synchronization. Botnet spread is prevented using DT certificate revocation. A comparative analysis of the proposed framework with existing studies demonstrates that the synchronization of data between the DT and PA ensures data integrity for the Botnet detection model training. Data privacy is maintained by inspecting only Packet headers, thereby not requiring the decryption of encrypted data.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/s22166133\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/827982ddac90fd443e2b187384390974b251c5dc\",\n \"result_position\": 8,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 12421305,\n \"title\": \"Website fingerprinting in onion routing based anonymization networks\",\n \"venue\": \"Workshop on Privacy in the Electronic Society\",\n \"year\": 2011,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Panchenko\",\n \"L. Niessen\",\n \"Andreas Zinnen\",\n \"T. Engel\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1145/2046556.2046570\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2b5e90bc36ded540baf24cdc8a5bb8e66032bc08\",\n \"result_position\": 9,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 270764345,\n \"title\": \"A Survey on Privacy Attacks Against Digital Twin Systems in AI-Robotics\",\n \"venue\": \"International Conference on Communications in Computing\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"I. Fernandez\",\n \"Subash Neupane\",\n \"Trisha Chakraborty\",\n \"Shaswata Mitra\",\n \"Sudip Mittal\",\n \"Nisha Pillai\",\n \"Jingdao Chen\",\n \"Shahram Rahimi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Industry 4.0 has witnessed the rise of complex robots fueled by the integration of Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning (AI/ML) and Digital Twin (DT) technologies. While these technologies offer numerous benefits, they also introduce potential privacy and security risks. This paper surveys privacy attacks targeting robots enabled by AI and DT models. Exfiltration and data leakage of ML models are discussed in addition to the potential extraction of models derived from first-principles (e.g., physics-based). We also discuss design considerations with DT-integrated robotics touching on the impact of ML model training, responsible AI and DT safeguards, data governance and ethical considerations on the effectiveness of these attacks. We advocate for a trusted autonomy approach, emphasizing the need to combine robotics, AI, and DT technologies with robust ethical frameworks and trustworthiness principles for secure and reliable AI robotic systems.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/CIC62241.2024.00019\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/452e4a564513fa9412e6e836982bd2570470ae72\",\n \"result_position\": 10,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 270560248,\n \"title\": \"I Still See You: Why Existing IoT Traffic Reshaping Fails\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Su Wang\",\n \"Keyang Yu\",\n \"Qi Li\",\n \"Dong Chen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The Internet traffic data produced by the Internet of Things (IoT) devices are collected by Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and device manufacturers, and often shared with their third parties to maintain and enhance user services. Unfortunately, on-path adversaries could infer and fingerprint users' sensitive privacy information such as occupancy and user activities by analyzing these network traffic traces. While there's a growing body of literature on defending against this side-channel attack-malicious IoT traffic analytics (TA), there's currently no systematic method to compare and evaluate the comprehensiveness of these existing studies. To address this problem, we design a new low-cost, open-source system framework-IoT Traffic Exposure Monitoring Toolkit (ITEMTK) that enables people to comprehensively examine and validate prior attack models and their defending approaches. In particular, we also design a novel image-based attack capable of inferring sensitive user information, even when users employ the most robust preventative measures in their smart homes. Researchers could leverage our new image-based attack to systematize and understand the existing literature on IoT traffic analysis attacks and preventing studies. Our results show that current defending approaches are not sufficient to protect IoT device user privacy. IoT devices are significantly vulnerable to our new image-based user privacy inference attacks, posing a grave threat to IoT device user privacy. We also highlight potential future improvements to enhance the defending approaches. ITEMTK's flexibility allows other researchers for easy expansion by integrating new TA attack models and prevention methods to benchmark their future work.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2406.10358\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4db2037c6af8769434f80b35f5c956ea3b10ac3e\",\n \"result_position\": 11,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 2119577,\n \"title\": \"k-fingerprinting: A Robust Scalable Website Fingerprinting Technique\",\n \"venue\": \"USENIX Security Symposium\",\n \"year\": 2015,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jamie Hayes\",\n \"G. Danezis\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Website fingerprinting enables an attacker to infer which web page a client is browsing through encrypted or anonymized network connections. We present a new website fingerprinting technique based on random decision forests and evaluate performance over standard web pages as well as Tor hidden services, on a larger scale than previous works. Our technique, k-fingerprinting, performs better than current state-of-the-art attacks even against website fingerprinting defenses, and we show that it is possible to launch a website fingerprinting attack in the face of a large amount of noisy data. We can correctly determine which of 30 monitored hidden services a client is visiting with 85% true positive rate (TPR), a false positive rate (FPR) as low as 0.02%, from a world size of 100,000 unmonitored web pages. We further show that error rates vary widely between web resources, and thus some patterns of use will be predictably more vulnerable to attack than others.\",\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b10c4f0ccade4e584415f407f5a9c115a607f9e0\",\n \"result_position\": 12,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 232094713,\n \"title\": \"I still See You! Inferring Fitness Data from Encrypted Traffic of Wearables\",\n \"venue\": \"International Conference on Health Informatics\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Andrei Kazlouski\",\n \"T. Marchioro\",\n \"Harry Manifavas\",\n \"E. Markatos\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In this paper we describe a cyberattack against 2 well-known wearable devices. The attacker presented in this paper is an “honest but curious” Internet Service Provider (ISP) sitting somewhere in the path between the device and the cloud. The ISP launches the attack when the smartbands try to synchronize their data with the permanent cloud storage. By launching its attack, this “honest but curious” ISP is able to learn much personal information about the users of the smartbands, including the frequency of measuring the users’ heart rate and weight; the number and duration of workouts; as well as whether (i) sleep or (ii) steps were recorded on a given day. We show that privacy leaks might occur even when the transferred data are fully encrypted, and the representative mobile application utilizes state-of-the-art security mechanisms: certificate pinning, and source\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5220/0010233103690376\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fbca87cb0e4b7046d3ee685d35eb86ee4e98c8a3\",\n \"result_position\": 13,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 237509469,\n \"title\": \"Efficient yet Robust Privacy Preservation for MPEG-DASH-Based Video Streaming\",\n \"venue\": \"Secur. Commun. Networks\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Luke Cranfill\",\n \"Jeehyeong Kim\",\n \"Hongkyu Lee\",\n \"Victor Youdom Kemmoe\",\n \"Sunghyun Cho\",\n \"Junggab Son\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"MPEG-DASH is a video streaming standard that outlines protocols for sending audio and video content from a server to a client over HTTP. However, it creates an opportunity for an adversary to invade users’ privacy. While a user is watching a video, information is leaked in the form of meta-data, the size of data and the time the server sent the data to the user. After a fingerprint of this data is created, the adversary can use this to identify whether a target user is watching the corresponding video. Only one defense strategy has been proposed to deal with this problem: differential privacy that adds sufficient noise in order to muddle the attacks. However, that strategy still suffers from the trade-off between privacy and efficiency. This paper proposes a novel defense strategy against the attacks with rigorous privacy and performance goals creating a private, scalable solution. Our algorithm, “No Data are Alone” (NDA), is highly efficient. The experimental results show that our scheme is more than two times efficient in terms of excess downloaded video (represented as waste) compared to the most efficient differential privacy-based scheme. Additionally, no classifier can achieve an accuracy above 7.07% against videos obfuscated with our scheme.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1155/2021/4702469\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fdbde2f89b702e6c2f2bc5fbbe0e6fdab3a14c9f\",\n \"result_position\": 14,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 1992201,\n \"title\": \"Energy-Efficient Privacy Protection for Smart Home Environments Using Behavioral Semantics\",\n \"venue\": \"Italian National Conference on Sensors\",\n \"year\": 2014,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Homin Park\",\n \"Can Basaran\",\n \"Taejoon Park\",\n \"S. Son\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Research on smart environments saturated with ubiquitous computing devices is rapidly advancing while raising serious privacy issues. According to recent studies, privacy concerns significantly hinder widespread adoption of smart home technologies. Previous work has shown that it is possible to infer the activities of daily living within environments equipped with wireless sensors by monitoring radio fingerprints and traffic patterns. Since data encryption cannot prevent privacy invasions exploiting transmission pattern analysis and statistical inference, various methods based on fake data generation for concealing traffic patterns have been studied. In this paper, we describe an energy-efficient, light-weight, low-latency algorithm for creating dummy activities that are semantically similar to the observed phenomena. By using these cloaking activities, the amount of fake data transmissions can be flexibly controlled to support a trade-off between energy efficiency and privacy protection. According to the experiments using real data collected from a smart home environment, our proposed method can extend the lifetime of the network by more than 2× compared to the previous methods in the literature. Furthermore, the activity cloaking method supports low latency transmission of real data while also significantly reducing the accuracy of the wireless snooping attacks.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/s140916235\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5d4ceb877391dcd5915c4662b248f27069821b83\",\n \"result_position\": 15,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 270878182,\n \"title\": \"Securing Distributed Network Digital Twin Systems Against Model Poisoning Attacks\",\n \"venue\": \"IEEE Internet of Things Journal\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Zifan Zhang\",\n \"Minghong Fang\",\n \"Mingzhe Chen\",\n \"Gaolei Li\",\n \"Xi Lin\",\n \"Yuchen Liu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In the era of 5G and beyond, the increasing complexity of wireless networks necessitates innovative frameworks for efficient management and deployment. Digital twins (DTs), embodying real-time monitoring, predictive configurations, and enhanced decision-making capabilities, stand out as a promising solution in this context. Within a time-series data-driven framework that effectively maps wireless networks into digital counterparts, encapsulated by integrated vertical and horizontal twinning phases, this study investigates the security challenges in distributed network DT (NDT) systems, which potentially undermine the reliability of subsequent network applications, such as wireless traffic forecasting. Specifically, we consider a minimal-knowledge scenario for all attackers, in that they do not have access to network data and other specialized knowledge, yet can interact with previous iterations of server-level models. In this context, we spotlight a novel fake traffic injection attack designed to compromise a distributed NDT system for wireless traffic prediction. In response, we then propose a defense mechanism, termed global-local inconsistency detection (GLID), to counteract various model poisoning threats. GLID strategically removes abnormal model parameters that deviate beyond a particular percentile range, thereby fortifying the security of network twinning process. Through extensive experiments on real-world wireless traffic data sets, our experimental evaluations show that both our attack and defense strategies significantly outperform existing baselines, highlighting the importance of security measures in the design and implementation of DTs for 5G and beyond network systems.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/JIOT.2024.3421895\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2632e8d52aebb226f52f95db1ceba5905be86152\",\n \"result_position\": 16,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 47011059,\n \"title\": \"Reducing Metadata Leakage from Encrypted Files and Communication with PURBs\",\n \"venue\": \"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"K. Nikitin\",\n \"Ludovic Barman\",\n \"M. Underwood\",\n \"B. Ford\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract Most encrypted data formats leak metadata via their plaintext headers, such as format version, encryption schemes used, number of recipients who can decrypt the data, and even the recipients’ identities. This leakage can pose security and privacy risks to users, e.g., by revealing the full membership of a group of collaborators from a single encrypted e-mail, or by enabling an eavesdropper to fingerprint the precise encryption software version and configuration the sender used. We propose that future encrypted data formats improve security and privacy hygiene by producing Padded Uniform Random Blobs or PURBs: ciphertexts indistinguishable from random bit strings to anyone without a decryption key. A PURB’s content leaks nothing at all, even the application that created it, and is padded such that even its length leaks as little as possible. Encoding and decoding ciphertexts with no cleartext markers presents efficiency challenges, however. We present cryptographically agile encodings enabling legitimate recipients to decrypt a PURB efficiently, even when encrypted for any number of recipients’ public keys and/or passwords, and when these public keys are from different cryptographic suites. PURBs employ Padmé, a novel padding scheme that limits information leakage via ciphertexts of maximum length M to a practical optimum of O(log log M) bits, comparable to padding to a power of two, but with lower overhead of at most 12% and decreasing with larger payloads.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.2478/popets-2019-0056\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f282c31f38837adb5f1e7c8b370e767cc983f382\",\n \"result_position\": 17,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 7918770,\n \"title\": \"Side-Channel Leaks in Web Applications: A Reality Today, a Challenge Tomorrow\",\n \"venue\": \"IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy\",\n \"year\": 2010,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Shuo Chen\",\n \"Rui Wang\",\n \"Xiaofeng Wang\",\n \"Kehuan Zhang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/SP.2010.20\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9837a70c231c0ef3d33c2c9f5b56afd40548acce\",\n \"result_position\": 18,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 271387607,\n \"title\": \"Enhancing Resilience in Digital Twins: ASCON-Based Security Solutions for Industry 4.0\",\n \"venue\": \"Network\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Mohammed El-hajj\",\n \"T. Gebremariam\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Persistent security challenges in Industry 4.0 due to the limited resources of IoT devices necessitate innovative solutions. Addressing this, this study introduces the ASCON algorithm for lightweight authenticated encryption with associated data, enhancing confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity within IoT limitations. By integrating Digital Twins, the framework emphasizes the need for robust security in Industry 4.0, with ASCON ensuring secure data transmission and bolstering system resilience against cyber threats. Practical validation using the MQTT protocol confirms ASCON’s efficacy over AES-GCM, highlighting its potential for enhanced security in Industry 4.0. Future research should focus on optimizing ASCON for microprocessors and developing secure remote access tailored to resource-constrained devices, ensuring adaptability in the digital era.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/network4030013\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/aa42c3f1ede9b4c3a9656b2d64b8101064f24f01\",\n \"result_position\": 19,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 11285733,\n \"title\": \"Privacy Vulnerabilities in Encrypted HTTP Streams\",\n \"venue\": \"International Symposium on Privacy Enhancing Technologies\",\n \"year\": 2005,\n \"authors\": [\n \"G. Bissias\",\n \"M. Liberatore\",\n \"David D. Jensen\",\n \"B. Levine\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/11767831_1\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e099d1be30e2783b006ea2fc5025fef5cf7e0b1d\",\n \"result_position\": 20,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 55508349,\n \"title\": \"Burning money with firewalls\",\n \"venue\": \"South African Computer Journal\",\n \"year\": 2015,\n \"authors\": [\n \"R. C. Staudemeyer\",\n \"James Connan\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Protecting computing infrastructure is an expensive but necessary task. Companies that run their own computing infrastructure need to constantly vigilant in order to guard against intruders on their networks and groups or individuals that seek to intercept their communications. Companies turn to Firewall and Intrusion Detection System vendors to help them safeguard their information and infrastructure. These companies are putting their faith in expensive devices that attempt to distinguish between friendly and malicious traffic. Despite the expense and complexity of these systems, malicious users seem to find ways to avoid detection and news of massive breaches have become an almost daily occurrence. We propose to fundamentally change the way to look at information security. We highlight some of the fundamental flaws in current systems and expose risks that many experts know, but are not aware of.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.18489/SACJ.V56I1.322\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/828a6e1074ba3fd8b1d9a8088b0e01fa0fc0f50f\",\n \"result_position\": 21,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 232072059,\n \"title\": \"The Role of AI, Machine Learning, and Big Data in Digital Twinning: A Systematic Literature Review, Challenges, and Opportunities\",\n \"venue\": \"IEEE Access\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. M. Rathore\",\n \"Syed Attique Shah\",\n \"Dhirendra Shukla\",\n \"Elmahdi Bentafat\",\n \"S. Bakiras\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Digital twinning is one of the top ten technology trends in the last couple of years, due to its high applicability in the industrial sector. The integration of big data analytics and artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI-ML) techniques with digital twinning, further enriches its significance and research potential with new opportunities and unique challenges. To date, a number of scientific models have been designed and implemented related to this evolving topic. However, there is no systematic review of digital twinning, particularly focusing on the role of AI-ML and big data, to guide the academia and industry towards future developments. Therefore, this article emphasizes the role of big data and AI-ML in the creation of digital twins (DTs) or DT-based systems for various industrial applications, by highlighting the current state-of-the-art deployments. We performed a systematic review on top of multidisciplinary electronic bibliographic databases, in addition to existing patents in the field. Also, we identified development-tools that can facilitate various levels of the digital twinning. Further, we designed a big data driven and AI-enriched reference architecture that leads developers to a complete DT-enabled system. Finally, we highlighted the research potential of AI-ML for digital twinning by unveiling challenges and current opportunities.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3060863\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8ee8d51b5c29f6aadd0b6dcff2a475373a3a021b\",\n \"result_position\": 22,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":92,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"Please find some papers that discuss the application of depth cameras in terrain reconstruction, and ultimately obtain papers related to robot walking strategies. Please ensure to include the following key concepts: depth cameras, terrain reconstruction, uneven agricultural terrain, tracked robots.\n\n"},"query_timestamp":{"kind":"string","value":"2025-08-24T03:36:33.448641+00:00"},"thread_id":{"kind":"string","value":"0127c6f0f3975d66d225725d32cd26d88771ebaa062891a4d8606c919170b499"},"num_shown":{"kind":"number","value":48,"string":"48"},"num_clicked":{"kind":"number","value":1,"string":"1"},"has_clicks":{"kind":"bool","value":true,"string":"true"},"shown_papers":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"corpus_id":116394149,"title":"Terrain assessment for precision agriculture using vehicle dynamic modelling","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2017,"authors":["G. Reina","A. Milella","Rocco Galati"],"abstract":"Advances in precision agriculture greatly rely on innovative control and sensing technologies that allow service units to increase their level of driving automation while ensuring at the same time high safety standards. This paper deals with automatic terrain estimation and classification that is performed simultaneously by an agricultural vehicle during normal operations. Vehicle mobility and safety, and the successful implementation of important agricultural tasks including seeding, ploughing, fertilising and controlled traffic depend or can be improved by a correct identification of the terrain that is traversed. The novelty of this research lies in that terrain estimation is performed by using not only traditional appearance-based features, that is colour and geometric properties, but also contact-based features, that is measuring physics-based dynamic effects that govern the vehicle–terrain interaction and that greatly affect its mobility. Experimental results obtained from an all-terrain vehicle operating on different surfaces are presented to validate the system in the field. It was shown that a terrain classifier trained with contact features was able to achieve a correct prediction rate of 85.1%, which is comparable or better than that obtained with approaches using traditional feature sets. To further improve the classification performance, all feature sets were merged in an augmented feature space, reaching, for these tests, 89.1% of correct predictions.","doi":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2017.06.025","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d980c2ef2003c204befc2a1929d02bf0ea1e7c0f","result_position":0,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":271516659,"title":"Improving the ROS 2 Navigation Stack with Real-Time Local Costmap Updates for Agricultural Applications","venue":"IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation","year":2024,"authors":["Ettore Sani","Antonio Sgorbissa","Stefano Carpin"],"abstract":"The ROS 2 Navigation Stack (Nav2) has emerged as a widely used software component providing the underlying basis to develop a variety of high-level functionalities. However, when used in outdoor environments such as orchards and vineyards, its functionality is notably limited by the presence of obstacles and/or situations not commonly found in indoor settings. One such example is given by tall grass and weeds that can be safely traversed by a robot, but that can be perceived as obstacles by LiDAR sensors, and then force the robot to take longer paths to avoid them, or abort navigation altogether. To overcome these limitations, domain specific extensions must be developed and integrated into the software pipeline. This paper presents a new, lightweight approach to address this challenge and improve outdoor robot navigation. Leveraging the multi-scale nature of the costmaps supporting Nav2, we developed a system that using a depth camera performs pixel level classification on the images, and in real time injects corrections into the local cost map, thus enabling the robot to traverse areas that would otherwise be avoided by the Nav2. Our approach has been implemented and validated on a Clearpath Husky and we demonstrate that with this extension the robot is able to perform navigation tasks that would be otherwise not practical with the standard components.","doi":"10.1109/ICRA57147.2024.10610984","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d893b1f8ef56c58549da4d3e82949cb61f4be2f0","result_position":1,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":37048235,"title":"Locomotion Strategy Selection for a Hybrid Mobile Robot Using Time of Flight Depth Sensor","venue":"J. Sensors","year":2015,"authors":["Artur Saudabayev","Farabi Kungozhin","Damir Nurseitov","H. A. Varol"],"abstract":"The performance of a mobile robot can be improved by utilizing different locomotion modes in various terrain conditions. This creates the necessity of having a supervisory controller capable of recognizing different terrain types and changing the locomotion mode of the robot accordingly. This work focuses on the locomotion strategy selection problem for a hybrid legged wheeled mobile robot. Supervisory control of the robot is accomplished by the terrain recognizer, which classifies depth images obtained from a commercial time of flight depth sensor and selects different locomotion mode subcontrollers based on the recognized terrain type. For the terrain recognizer, a database is generated consisting of five terrain classes (Uneven, Level Ground, Stair Up, Stair Down, and Nontraversable). Depth images are enhanced using confidence map based filtering. The accuracy of the terrain classification using Support Vector Machine classifier for the testing database in five-class terrain recognition problem is 97%. Real-world experiments assess the locomotion abilities of the quadruped and the capability of the terrain recognizer in real-time settings. The results of these experiments show depth images processed in real time using machine learning algorithms can be used for the supervisory control of hybrid robots with legged and wheeled locomotion capabilities.","doi":"10.1155/2015/425732","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/eb0dacf8d160d134e6d2b1ca18d553baee6458b8","result_position":2,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":17459328,"title":"Application of the Kinect sensor for dynamic soil surface characterization","venue":"Precision Agriculture","year":2015,"authors":["F. Marinello","A. Pezzuolo","F. Gasparini","J. Arvidsson","Luigi Sartori"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1007/s11119-015-9398-5","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1ddcc99e6b9979cf9b68add3286597fda449ddd8","result_position":3,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":238634793,"title":"System for multi-robotic exploration of underground environments CTU-CRAS-NORLAB in the DARPA Subterranean Challenge","venue":"Field Robotics","year":2021,"authors":["Tomáš Rouček","M. Pecka","P. Čížek","T. Petříček","J. Bayer","Vojtěch Šalanský","Teymur Azayev","Daniel Heřt","Matěj Petrlík","T. Báča","Vojtech Spurný","V. Krátký","Pavel Petráček","D. Baril","Maxime Vaidis","V. Kubelka","F. Pomerleau","J. Faigl","K. Zimmermann","M. Saska","Tomáš Svoboda","T. Krajník"],"abstract":"We present a field report of the CTU-CRAS-NORLAB team from the Subterranean Challenge (SubT) organized by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). The contest seeks to advance technologies that would improve the safety and efficiency of search-andrescue operations in GPS-denied environments. During the contest rounds, teams of mobile robots have to find specific objects while operating in environments with limited radio communication, e.g., mining tunnels, underground stations or natural caverns. We present a heterogeneous exploration robotic system of the CTU-CRAS-NORLAB team, which achieved the third rank at the SubT Tunnel and Urban Circuit rounds and surpassed the performance of all other non-DARPA-funded teams. The field report describes the team’s hardware, sensors, algorithms and strategies, and discusses the lessons learned by participating at the DARPA SubT contest.","doi":"10.55417/fr.2022055","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0343c01000d41485d8df46cee37e3349a9182ac6","result_position":4,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":278797884,"title":"Hexapod robot motion planning investigation under the influence of multi-dimensional terrain features","venue":"Frontiers Neurorobotics","year":2025,"authors":["Chen Chen","Jun Lin","Bo You","Jiayu Li","Biao Gao"],"abstract":"To address the challenges arising from the coupled interactions between multi-dimensional terrain features—encompassing both geometric and physical properties of complex field environments—and the locomotion stability of hexapod robots, this paper presents a comprehensive motion planning framework incorporating multi-dimensional terrain information. The proposed methodology systematically extracts multi-dimensional geometric and physical terrain features from a multi-layered environmental map. Based on these features, a traversal cost map is synthesized, and an enhanced A* algorithm is developed that incorporates terrain traversal metrics to optimize path planning safety across complex field environments. Furthermore, the framework introduces a foothold cost map derived from multi-dimensional terrain data, coupled with a fault-tolerant free gait planning algorithm based on foothold cost evaluation. This approach enables dynamic gait modulation to enhance overall locomotion stability while maintaining safe trajectory planning. The efficacy of the proposed framework is validated through both simulation studies and physical experiments on a hexapod robotic platform. Experimental results demonstrate that, compared to conventional hexapod motion planning approaches, the proposed multi-dimensional terrain-aware planning framework significantly enhances both locomotion safety and stability across complex field environments.","doi":"10.3389/fnbot.2025.1605938","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/548a62aaf9df58ff65cfb0a76086a71db737af4e","result_position":5,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":247047101,"title":"Vision-Guided Six-Legged Walking of Little Crabster Using a Kinect Sensor","venue":"Applied Sciences","year":2022,"authors":["Jung-Yup Kim","Min-Jong Park","Sungjun Kim","Dongjun Shin"],"abstract":"A conventional blind walking algorithm has low walking stability on uneven terrain because a robot cannot rapidly respond to height changes of the ground due to limited information from foot force sensors. In order to cope with rough terrain, it is essential to obtain 3D ground information. Therefore, this paper proposes a vision-guided six-legged walking algorithm for stable walking on uneven terrain. We obtained noise-filtered 3D ground information by using a Kinect sensor and experimentally derived coordinate transformation information between the Kinect sensor and robot body. While generating landing positions of the six feet from the predefined walking parameters, the proposed algorithm modifies the landing positions in terms of reliability and safety using the obtained 3D ground information. For continuous walking, we also propose a ground merging algorithm and successfully validate the performance of the proposed algorithms through walking experiments on a treadmill with obstacles.","doi":"10.3390/app12042140","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/64c029ea9f2cb394bdd4ec3a13768f2f4bcf3ef0","result_position":6,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":270123198,"title":"Gaitor: Learning a Unified Representation Across Gaits for Real-World Quadruped Locomotion","venue":"Conference on Robot Learning","year":2024,"authors":["Alexander L. Mitchell","W. Merkt","Aristotelis Papatheodorou","Ioannis Havoutis","Ingmar Posner"],"abstract":"The current state-of-the-art in quadruped locomotion is able to produce a variety of complex motions. These methods either rely on switching between a discrete set of skills or learn a distribution across gaits using complex black-box models. Alternatively, we present Gaitor, which learns a disentangled and 2D representation across locomotion gaits. This learnt representation forms a planning space for closed-loop control delivering continuous gait transitions and perceptive terrain traversal. Gaitor's latent space is readily interpretable and we discover that during gait transitions, novel unseen gaits emerge. The latent space is disentangled with respect to footswing heights and lengths. This means that these gait characteristics can be varied independently in the 2D latent representation. Together with a simple terrain encoding and a learnt planner operating in the latent space, Gaitor can take motion commands including desired gait type and swing characteristics all while reacting to uneven terrain. We evaluate Gaitor in both simulation and the real world on the ANYmal C platform. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work learning a unified and interpretable latent space for multiple gaits, resulting in continuous blending between different locomotion modes on a real quadruped robot. An overview of the methods and results in this paper is found at https://youtu.be/eVFQbRyilCA.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2405.19452","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d6da49e814d2721437e86b0fe003824ed6656e25","result_position":7,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":202889910,"title":"On Autonomous Spatial Exploration with Small Hexapod Walking Robot using Tracking Camera Intel RealSense T265","venue":"European Conference on Mobile Robots","year":2019,"authors":["J. Bayer","J. Faigl"],"abstract":"In this paper, we report on the deployment of the combination of commercially available off-the-shelf embedded visual localization system and RGB-D camera in an autonomous robotic exploration performed by small hexapod walking robot. Since the multi-legged walking robot is capable of traversing rough terrains, the addressed exploration problem is to create a map of an unknown environment while simultaneously performing the traversability assessment of the explored environment to efficiently and safely reach next navigational waypoints. The proposed system is targeted to run onboard of small multi-legged robots, and therefore, the system design is focused on computationally efficient approaches using relatively lightweight components. Therefore, we take advantages of the recently introduced tracking camera Intel RealSense T265 and RGB-D camera Intel RealSense D435 that are deployed to our developed autonomous hexapod walking robot that is equipped with adaptive locomotion control. Together with the proposed computationally efficient data representation and traversability assessment, the developed system supports onboard mapping and online decision-making within the exploration strategy even on a platform with low computational capabilities. Based on the reported experimental evaluation of the tracking camera, the developed system provides sufficiently accurate localization, and the robot has been able to explore indoor and outdoor environments fully autonomously.","doi":"10.1109/ECMR.2019.8870968","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fb02ee7c084eee9659edfd037ee7df17c9e6f16d","result_position":8,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":52099341,"title":"Superpixel Segmentation Based Synthetic Classifications with Clear Boundary Information for a Legged Robot","venue":"Italian National Conference on Sensors","year":2018,"authors":["Yaguang Zhu","Kailun Luo","Chao Ma","Qiong Liu","Bo Jin"],"abstract":"In view of terrain classification of the autonomous multi-legged walking robots, two synthetic classification methods for terrain classification, Simple Linear Iterative Clustering based Support Vector Machine (SLIC-SVM) and Simple Linear Iterative Clustering based SegNet (SLIC-SegNet), are proposed. SLIC-SVM is proposed to solve the problem that the SVM can only output a single terrain label and fails to identify the mixed terrain. The SLIC-SegNet single-input multi-output terrain classification model is derived to improve the applicability of the terrain classifier. Since terrain classification results of high quality for legged robot use are hard to gain, the SLIC-SegNet obtains the satisfied information without too much effort. A series of experiments on regular terrain, irregular terrain and mixed terrain were conducted to present that both superpixel segmentation based synthetic classification methods can supply reliable mixed terrain classification result with clear boundary information and will put the terrain depending gait selection and path planning of the multi-legged robots into practice.","doi":"10.3390/s18092808","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/00e1163e8d3a91a83c5ed51228e184632693754b","result_position":9,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":254327713,"title":"Hexapod guidance and control for autonomous waypoint navigation over uneven terrain","venue":"MATEC Web of Conferences","year":2022,"authors":["Sheldon Erasmus","J. Engelbrecht"],"abstract":"This paper presents a novel hexapod guidance and control system that enables an autonomous hexapod robot to walk over uneven terrain while navigating waypoints and keeping its central body level. The system uses a depth camera to determine the terrain heights at the horizontal locations where the hexapod plans to place its feet. The guidance and control software has been implemented in the Robotics Operating System and has been verified in simulation using the Gazebo simulator. A physical hexapod robot has been constructed and practical tests are currently being performed to validate the system.","doi":"10.1051/matecconf/202237005005","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/457eb4b9b1aaa9e455e6e0c9f9ff65ca67977cd6","result_position":10,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":262825310,"title":"Learning Vision-Based Bipedal Locomotion for Challenging Terrain","venue":"IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation","year":2023,"authors":["Helei Duan","Bikram Pandit","M. S. Gadde","Bart Jaap van Marum","Jeremy Dao","Chanho Kim","Alan Fern"],"abstract":"Reinforcement learning (RL) for bipedal locomotion has recently demonstrated robust gaits over moderate terrains using only proprioceptive sensing. However, such blind controllers will fail in environments where robots must anticipate and adapt to local terrain, which requires visual perception. In this paper, we propose a fully-learned system that allows bipedal robots to react to local terrain while maintaining commanded travel speed and direction. Our approach first trains a controller in simulation using a heightmap expressed in the robot’s local frame. Next, data is collected in simulation to train a heightmap predictor, whose input is the history of depth images and robot states. We demonstrate that with appropriate domain randomization, this approach allows for successful sim-to-real transfer with no explicit pose estimation and no fine-tuning using real-world data. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of sim-to-real learning for vision-based bipedal locomotion over challenging terrains.","doi":"10.1109/ICRA57147.2024.10611621","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b053d411c9ae5804bb343cd50a68bdb8c8976f89","result_position":11,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":272832364,"title":"Walking with Terrain Reconstruction: Learning to Traverse Risky Sparse Footholds","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2024,"authors":["Ruiqi Yu","Qianshi Wang","Yizhen Wang","Zhicheng Wang","Jun Wu","Qiuguo Zhu"],"abstract":"Traversing risky terrains with sparse footholds presents significant challenges for legged robots, requiring precise foot placement in safe areas. To acquire comprehensive exteroceptive information, prior studies have employed motion capture systems or mapping techniques to generate heightmap for locomotion policy. However, these approaches require specialized pipelines and often introduce additional noise. While depth images from egocentric vision systems are cost-effective, their limited field of view and sparse information hinder the integration of terrain structure details into implicit features, which are essential for generating precise actions. In this paper, we demonstrate that end-to-end reinforcement learning relying solely on proprioception and depth images is capable of traversing risky terrains with high sparsity and randomness. Our method introduces local terrain reconstruction, leveraging the benefits of clear features and sufficient information from the heightmap, which serves as an intermediary for visual feature extraction and motion generation. This allows the policy to effectively represent and memorize critical terrain information. We deploy the proposed framework on a low-cost quadrupedal robot, achieving agile and adaptive locomotion across various challenging terrains and showcasing outstanding performance in real-world scenarios. Video at: youtu.be/Rj9v5EZsn-M.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2409.15692","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f803b064f5b18bdca4accfed939a325ebe13717a","result_position":12,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":259229175,"title":"Online Feet Potential Fields for Quadruped Robots Navigation in Harsh Terrains","venue":"Robotics","year":2023,"authors":["Viviana Morlando","Jonathan Cacace","Fabio Ruggiero"],"abstract":"Quadruped robots have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their ability to navigate through challenging terrains. Among the various environments, agriculture fields are particularly difficult for legged robots, given the variability of soil types and conditions. To address this issue, this study proposes a novel navigation strategy that utilizes ground reaction forces to calculate online artificial potential fields, which are then applied to the robot’s feet to avoid low-traversability regions. The strategy also incorporates the net vector of the attractive potential field towards the goal and the repulsive field to avoid slippery regions, which dynamically adjusts the quadruped’s gait. A realistic simulation environment validates the proposed navigation framework with case studies on randomly generated terrains. A comprehensive comparison with baseline navigation methods is conducted to assess the effectiveness of the proposed approach.","doi":"10.3390/robotics12030086","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/24f244316419f33beb376e55db97631e8b616b65","result_position":13,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":12745373,"title":"ROBOT-CENTRIC ELEVATION MAPPING WITH UNCERTAINTY ESTIMATES","venue":"","year":2014,"authors":["Péter Fankhauser","Michael Bloesch","Christian Gehring","Marco Hutter","R. Siegwart"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1142/9789814623353_0051","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8230394c1d152b198e9058236c1a8bd591c16135","result_position":14,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":49729825,"title":"Probabilistic Terrain Mapping for Mobile Robots With Uncertain Localization","venue":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","year":2018,"authors":["Péter Fankhauser","Michael Bloesch","Marco Hutter"],"abstract":"Mobile robots build on accurate, real-time mapping with onboard range sensors to achieve autonomous navigation over rough terrain. Existing approaches often rely on absolute localization based on tracking of external geometric or visual features. To circumvent the reliability issues of these approaches, we propose a novel terrain mapping method, which bases on proprioceptive localization from kinematic and inertial measurements only. The proposed method incorporates the drift and uncertainties of the state estimation and a noise model of the distance sensor. It yields a probabilistic terrain estimate as a grid-based elevation map including upper and lower confidence bounds. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach with simulated datasets and real-world experiments for real-time terrain mapping with legged robots and compare the terrain reconstruction to ground truth reference maps.","doi":"10.1109/LRA.2018.2849506","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8182c78b881844090d4d8423aec68104b40b5dd1","result_position":15,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":51780862,"title":"Unevenness Point Descriptor for Terrain Analysis in Mobile Robot Applications","venue":"","year":2013,"authors":["M. Bellone","G. Reina","N. Giannoccaro","L. Spedicato"],"abstract":"In recent years, the use of imaging sensors that produce a three-dimensional representation of the environment has become an efficient solution to increase the degree of perception of autonomous mobile robots. Accurate and dense 3D point clouds can be generated from traditional stereo systems and laser scanners or from the new generation of RGB-D cameras, representing a versatile, reliable and cost-effective solution that is rapidly gaining interest within the robotics community. For autonomous mobile robots, it is critical to assess the traversability of the surrounding environment, especially when driving across natural terrain. In this paper, a novel approach to detect traversable and non-traversable regions of the environment from a depth image is presented that could enhance mobility and safety through integration with localization, control and planning methods. The proposed algorithm is based on the analysis of the normal vector of a surface obtained through Principal Component Analysis and it leads to the definition of a novel, so defined, Unevenness Point Descriptor. Experimental results, obtained with vehicles operating in indoor and outdoor environments, are presented to validate this approach.","doi":"10.5772/56240","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e1842a5651117506289dbbc29e752a0ca31b4ed1","result_position":16,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":16354305,"title":"Stereo-vision-based navigation of a six-legged walking robot in unknown rough terrain","venue":"Int. J. Robotics Res.","year":2012,"authors":["A. Stelzer","H. Hirschmüller","M. Görner"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1177/0278364911435161","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8dce587303ed0b4c4f0449a8b5b3dc32a2eceec8","result_position":17,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":59059290,"title":"Watch Your Step! Terrain Traversability for Robot Control","venue":"","year":2016,"authors":["M. Bellone"],"abstract":"Watch your step! Or perhaps, watch your wheels. Whatever the robot is, if it puts its feet, tracks, or wheels in the wrong place, it might get hurt; and as robots are quickly going from structured and completely known environments towards uncertain and unknown terrain, the surface assessment becomes an essential requirement. As a result, future mobile robots cannot neglect the evaluation of terrain’s structure, according to their driving capabilities. With the objective of filling this gap, the focus of this study was laid on terrain analysis methods, which can be used for robot control with particular reference to autonomous vehicles and mobile robots. Giving an overview of theory related to this topic, the investigation not only covers hardware, such as visual sensors or laser scanners, but also space descriptions, such as digital elevation models and point descriptors, introducing new aspects and characterization of terrain assessment. During the discussion, a wide number of examples and methodologies are exposed according to different tools and sensors, including the description of a recent method of terrain assessment using normal vectors analysis. Indeed, normal vectors has demonstrated great potentialities in the field of terrain irregularity assessment in both on‐road and off‐road environments.","doi":"10.5772/64489","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/08e5e5e5abe25b41481d44239b687cf1f1cbc28f","result_position":18,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":196831477,"title":"Stereo-based terrain traversability analysis using normal-based segmentation and superpixel surface analysis","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2019,"authors":["Aras R. Dargazany"],"abstract":"In this paper, an stereo-based traversability analysis approach for all terrains in off-road mobile robotics, e.g. Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) is proposed. This approach reformulates the problem of terrain traversability analysis into two main problems: (1) 3D terrain reconstruction and (2) terrain all surfaces detection and analysis. The proposed approach is using stereo camera for perception and 3D reconstruction of the terrain. In order to detect all the existing surfaces in the 3D reconstructed terrain as superpixel surfaces (i.e. segments), an image segmentation technique is applied using geometry-based features (pixel-based surface normals). Having detected all the surfaces, Superpixel Surface Traversability Analysis approach (SSTA) is applied on all of the detected surfaces (superpixel segments) in order to classify them based on their traversability index. The proposed SSTA approach is based on: (1) Superpixel surface normal and plane estimation, (2) Traversability analysis using superpixel surface planes. Having analyzed all the superpixel surfaces based on their traversability, these surfaces are finally classified into five main categories as following: traversable, semi-traversable, non-traversable, unknown and undecided.","doi":"","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e0ea9ff26c00d2f8b1c23f28f151e00bf3538d7b","result_position":19,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":250334575,"title":"Polytopic Planar Region Characterization of Rough Terrains for Legged Locomotion","venue":"IEEE/RJS International Conference on Intelligent RObots and Systems","year":2022,"authors":["ZhiHong Xu","Hongbo Zhu","Hua Chen","Wei Zhang"],"abstract":"This paper studies the problem of constructing polytopic representations for planar regions from depth camera readings. This problem is of great importance for terrain mapping in complicated environment and has great potentials in legged locomotion applications. To address the polytopic planar region characterization problem, we propose a two-stage solution scheme. At the first stage, the planar regions embedded within a sequence of depth images are extracted individually and then merged to establish a terrain map containing only planar regions in a selected frame. To simplify the representations of the planar regions that are applicable to foothold planning for legged robots, we further approximate the extracted planar regions via convex polytopes at the second stage. With the polytopic representation, the proposed approach achieves a great balance between accuracy and simplicity. Experimental validations with RGB-D cameras are conducted to demonstrate the performance of the proposed scheme. The proposed scheme successfully characterizes the planar regions via polytopes with acceptable accuracy. More importantly, the run time of the overall scheme is less than 10ms (i.e., > 100Hz) throughout the tests, which strongly illustrates the advantages of our approach developed in this paper.","doi":"10.1109/IROS47612.2022.9981553","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/20b868977ba3e2bf8ba8280c9425ebb87a591eab","result_position":20,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":15634135,"title":"A Novel Identification Methodology for the Coordinate Relationship between a 3D Vision System and a Legged Robot","venue":"Italian National Conference on Sensors","year":2015,"authors":["Xun Chai","F. Gao","Yang Pan","Chenkun Qi","Yilin Xu"],"abstract":"Coordinate identification between vision systems and robots is quite a challenging issue in the field of intelligent robotic applications, involving steps such as perceiving the immediate environment, building the terrain map and planning the locomotion automatically. It is now well established that current identification methods have non-negligible limitations such as a difficult feature matching, the requirement of external tools and the intervention of multiple people. In this paper, we propose a novel methodology to identify the geometric parameters of 3D vision systems mounted on robots without involving other people or additional equipment. In particular, our method focuses on legged robots which have complex body structures and excellent locomotion ability compared to their wheeled/tracked counterparts. The parameters can be identified only by moving robots on a relatively flat ground. Concretely, an estimation approach is provided to calculate the ground plane. In addition, the relationship between the robot and the ground is modeled. The parameters are obtained by formulating the identification problem as an optimization problem. The methodology is integrated on a legged robot called “Octopus”, which can traverse through rough terrains with high stability after obtaining the identification parameters of its mounted vision system using the proposed method. Diverse experiments in different environments demonstrate our novel method is accurate and robust.","doi":"10.3390/s150409519","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/409179fe8990a4f53bf4d662a2b7e88caa85641e","result_position":21,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":245854087,"title":"Reconstructing Occluded Elevation Information in Terrain Maps With Self-Supervised Learning","venue":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","year":2021,"authors":["Maximilian Stölzle","Takahiro Miki","L. Gerdes","M. Azkarate","Marco Hutter"],"abstract":"Accurate and complete terrain maps enhance the awareness of autonomous robots and enable safe and optimal path planning. Rocks and topography often create occlusions and lead to missing elevation information in the Digital Elevation Map (DEM). Currently, these occluded areas are either fully avoided during motion planning or the missing values in the elevation map are filled-in using traditional interpolation, diffusion or patch-matching techniques. These methods cannot leverage the high-level terrain characteristics and the geometric constraints of line of sight we humans use intuitively to predict occluded areas. We introduce a self-supervised learning approach capable of training on real-world data without a need for ground-truth information to reconstruct the occluded areas in the DEMs. We accomplish this by adding artificial occlusion to the incomplete elevation maps constructed on a real robot by performing ray casting. We first evaluate a supervised learning approach on synthetic data for which we have the full ground-truth available and subsequently move to several real-world datasets. These real-world datasets were recorded during exploration of both structured and unstructured terrain with a legged robot, and additionally in a planetary scenario on Lunar analogue terrain. We state a significant improvement compared to the baseline methods both on synthetic terrain and for the real-world datasets. Our neural network is able to run in real-time on both CPU and GPU with suitable sampling rates for autonomous ground robots. We motivate the applicability of reconstructing occlusion in elevation maps with preliminary motion planning experiments.","doi":"10.1109/LRA.2022.3141662","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fd2e5806978b1c9cee25b98bfef2869076a95317","result_position":22,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":247025506,"title":"GA-Nav: Efficient Terrain Segmentation for Robot Navigation in Unstructured Outdoor Environments","venue":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","year":2021,"authors":["Tianrui Guan","D. Kothandaraman","Rohan Chandra","A. Sathyamoorthy","Kasun Weerakoon","Dinesh Manocha"],"abstract":"We propose GA-Nav, a novel group-wise attention mechanism to identify safe and navigable regions in unstructured environments from RGB images. Our group-wise attention method extracts multi-scale features from each type of terrain independently and classifies terrains based on their navigability levels using coarse-grained semantic segmentation. Our novel loss can be embedded within any backbone network to explicitly focus on the different groups’ features, at a low spatial resolution. Our design leads to efficient inference while maintaining a high level of accuracy compared to existing SOTA methods. Our extensive evaluations on the RUGD and RELLIS-3D datasets shows that GA-Nav achieves the state-of-the-art performance on RUGD and RELLIS-3D datasets. We interface GA-Nav with a deep reinforcement learning-based navigation algorithm and highlight its benefits in terms of navigation in real-world unstructured terrains. We integrate our GA-Nav-based navigation algorithm with ClearPath Jackal and Husky robots, and observe an improvement in terms of navigation success rate and better trajectory selections.","doi":"10.1109/lra.2022.3187278","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/af08d8e0e70d2ddc0fc64931a6df1f15124ec579","result_position":23,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":276395098,"title":"FusionForce: End-to-end Differentiable Neural-Symbolic Layer for Trajectory Prediction","venue":"","year":2025,"authors":["R. Agishev","Karel Zimmermann"],"abstract":"We propose end-to-end differentiable model that predicts robot trajectories on rough offroad terrain from camera images and/or lidar point clouds. The model integrates a learnable component that predicts robot-terrain interaction forces with a neural-symbolic layer that enforces the laws of classical mechanics and consequently improves generalization on out-of-distribution data. The neural-symbolic layer includes a differentiable physics engine that computes the robot's trajectory by querying these forces at the points of contact with the terrain. As the proposed architecture comprises substantial geometrical and physics priors, the resulting model can also be seen as a learnable physics engine conditioned on real sensor data that delivers $10^4$ trajectories per second. We argue and empirically demonstrate that this architecture reduces the sim-to-real gap and mitigates out-of-distribution sensitivity. The differentiability, in conjunction with the rapid simulation speed, makes the model well-suited for various applications including model predictive control, trajectory shooting, supervised and reinforcement learning, or SLAM.","doi":"","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/eb50e955c7b4ece6958feb813dcd5b8533543139","result_position":24,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":249712030,"title":"Neural Scene Representation for Locomotion on Structured Terrain","venue":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","year":2022,"authors":["David Hoeller","N. Rudin","C. Choy","Anima Anandkumar","Marco Hutter"],"abstract":"We propose a learning-based method to reconstruct the local terrain for locomotion with a mobile robot traversing urban environments. Using a stream of depth measurements from the onboard cameras and the robot’s trajectory, the algorithm estimates the topography in the robot’s vicinity. The raw measurements from these cameras are noisy and only provide partial and occluded observations that in many cases do not show the terrain the robot stands on. Therefore, we propose a 3D reconstruction model that faithfully reconstructs the scene, despite the noisy measurements and large amounts of missing data coming from the blind spots of the camera arrangement. The model consists of a 4D fully convolutional network on point clouds that learns the geometric priors to complete the scene from the context and an auto-regressive feedback to leverage spatio-temporal consistency and use evidence from the past. The network can be solely trained with synthetic data, and due to extensive augmentation, it is robust in the real world, as shown in the validation on a quadrupedal robot, ANYmal, traversing challenging settings. We run the pipeline on the robot’s onboard low-power computer using an efficient sparse tensor implementation and show that the proposed method outperforms classical map representations.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2206.08077","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/899a7e69fd0e4ab2018d0060f53781b13310c432","result_position":25,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":18540728,"title":"A Matlab-Based Testbed for Integration, Evaluation and Comparison of Heterogeneous Stereo Vision Matching Algorithms","venue":"Robotics","year":2016,"authors":["Raúl Correal","G. Pajares","J. Ruz"],"abstract":"Stereo matching is a heavily researched area with a prolific published literature and a broad spectrum of heterogeneous algorithms available in diverse programming languages. This paper presents a Matlab-based testbed that aims to centralize and standardize this variety of both current and prospective stereo matching approaches. The proposed testbed aims to facilitate the application of stereo-based methods to real situations. It allows for configuring and executing algorithms, as well as comparing results, in a fast, easy and friendly setting. Algorithms can be combined so that a series of processes can be chained and executed consecutively, using the output of a process as input for the next; some additional filtering and image processing techniques have been included within the testbed for this purpose. A use case is included to illustrate how these processes are sequenced and its effect on the results for real applications. The testbed has been conceived as a collaborative and incremental open-source project, where its code is accessible and modifiable, with the objective of receiving contributions and releasing future versions to include new algorithms and features. It is currently available online for the research community.","doi":"10.3390/robotics5040024","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/662797d805b31656e7817138b4eecfe554778b94","result_position":26,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":67755650,"title":"3D traversability awareness for rough terrain mobile robots","venue":"","year":2014,"authors":["G. Reina","M. Bellone","L. Spedicato","N. Giannoccaro"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1108/SR-03-2013-644","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e86740a36354e4442eb8a198b47f6495c9f0f372","result_position":27,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":42733110,"title":"Curved Surface Patches for Rough Terrain Perception","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2014,"authors":["D. Kanoulas"],"abstract":"Attaining animal-like legged locomotion on rough outdoor terrain with sparse foothold affordances -a primary use-case for legs vs other forms of locomotion- is a largely open problem. New advancements in control and perception have enabled bipeds to walk on flat and uneven indoor environments. But tasks that require reliable contact with unstructured world surfaces, for example walking on natural rocky terrain, need new perception and control algorithms. \nThis thesis introduces 3D perception algorithms for contact tasks such as foot placement in rough terrain environments. We introduce a new method to identify and model potential contact areas between the robot's foot and a surface using a set of bounded curved patches. We present a patch parameterization model and an algorithm to fit and perceptually validate patches to 3D point samples. Having defined the environment representation using the patch model, we introduce a way to assemble patches into a spatial map. This map represents a sparse set of local areas potentially appropriate for contact between the robot and the surface. The process of creating such a map includes sparse seed point sampling, neighborhood searching, as well as patch fitting and validation. Various ways of sampling are introduced including a real time bio-inspired system for finding patches statistically similar to those that humans select while traversing rocky trails. These sparse patch algorithms are integrated with a dense volumetric fusion of range data from a moving depth camera, maintaining a dynamic patch map of relevant contact surfaces around a robot in real time. We integrate and test the algorithms as part of a real-time foothold perception system on a mini-biped robot, performing foot placements on rocks.","doi":"","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5b28c63f4a19594c84201a3984fbeaa813a83aa7","result_position":28,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":233774221,"title":"Terrain Analytics for Precision Agriculture with Automated Vehicle Sensors and Data Fusion","venue":"Sustainability","year":2021,"authors":["Wei Zhao","Tianxing Li","Bozhao Qi","Qifan Nie","Troy Runge"],"abstract":"Precision agriculture aims to use minimal inputs to generate maximal yields by managing the plant and its environment at a discrete instead of a field level. This new farming methodology requires localized field data including topological terrain attributes, which influence irrigation, field moisture, nutrient runoff, soil compaction, and traction and stability for traversing agriculture machines. Existing research studies have used different sensors, such as distance sensors and cameras, to collect topological information, which may be constrained by energy cost, performance, price, etc. This study proposed a low-cost method to perform farmland topological analytics using sensor implementation and data processing. Inertial measurement unit sensors, which are widely used in automated vehicle study, and a camera are set up on a robot vehicle. Then experiments are conducted under indoor simulated environments that include five common topographies that would be encountered on farms, combined with validation experiments in a real-world field. A data fusion approach was developed and implemented to track robot vehicle movements, monitor the surrounding environment, and finally recognize the topography type in real time. The resulting method was able to clearly recognize topography changes. This low-cost and easy-mount method will be able to augment and calibrate existing mapping algorithms with multidimensional information. Practically, it can also achieve immediate improvement for the operation and path planning of large agricultural machines.","doi":"10.3390/SU13052905","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9803bdcef4c1379cca35639c75a758c00badc3ce","result_position":29,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":262466033,"title":"AgriSORT: A Simple Online Real-time Tracking-by-Detection framework for robotics in precision agriculture","venue":"IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation","year":2023,"authors":["Leonardo Saraceni","I. M. Motoi","D. Nardi","Thomas Alessandro Ciarfuglia"],"abstract":"The problem of multi-object tracking (MOT) consists in detecting and tracking all the objects in a video sequence while keeping a unique identifier for each object. It is a challenging and fundamental problem for robotics. In precision agriculture the challenge of achieving a satisfactory solution is amplified by extreme camera motion, sudden illumination changes, and strong occlusions. Most modern trackers rely on the appearance of objects rather than motion for association, which can be ineffective when most targets are static objects with the same appearance, as in the agricultural case. To this end, on the trail of SORT [5], we propose AgriSORT, a simple, online, real-time tracking-by-detection pipeline for precision agriculture based only on motion information that allows for accurate and fast propagation of tracks between frames. The main focuses of AgriSORT are efficiency, flexibility, minimal dependencies, and ease of deployment on robotic platforms. We test the proposed pipeline on a novel MOT benchmark specifically tailored for the agricultural context, based on video sequences taken in a table grape vineyard, particularly challenging due to strong self-similarity and density of the instances. Both the code and the dataset are available for future comparisons at: https://github.com/Lio320/AgriSORT","doi":"10.1109/ICRA57147.2024.10610231","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7330b98ade7242879b5bf4ac61fe84396e4668bf","result_position":30,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":247115842,"title":"Proactive Anomaly Detection for Robot Navigation with Multi-Sensor Fusion","venue":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","year":2022,"authors":["Tianchen Ji","A. N. Sivakumar","Girish V. Chowdhary","K. Driggs-Campbell"],"abstract":"Despite the rapid advancement of navigation algorithms, mobile robots often render anomalous behaviors that can lead to navigation failures. The ability to detect such anomalous behaviors is a key component in modern robots to achieve high-levels of autonomy. Reactive anomaly detection methods identify anomalous task executions based on the current robot state and thus lack the ability to alert the robot before an actual failure occurs. Such an alert delay is undesirable due to the potential damage to both the robot and the surrounding objects. We propose a proactive anomaly detection network (PAAD) for robot navigation in unstructured and uncertain environments. PAAD predicts the probability of future failure based on the planned motions from the predictive controller and the current observation from the perception module. Multi-sensor signals are fused effectively to provide robust anomaly detection in the presence of sensor occlusion as seen in field environments. Our experiments on agricultural robot data demonstrates superior failure identification performance than previous methods, and that our model can capture anomalous behaviors in real-time while maintaining a low false detection rate in cluttered fields.","doi":"10.1109/LRA.2022.3153989","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6fcca2e2ff28f11f8f913ae843b6add57999e2e8","result_position":31,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":220604164,"title":"Relying on more sense for enhancing lower limb prostheses control: a review","venue":"Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation","year":2020,"authors":["Michael Tschiedel","M. Russold","E. Kaniušas"],"abstract":"Modern lower limb prostheses have the capability to replace missing body parts and improve the patients’ quality of life. However, missing environmental information often makes a seamless adaptation to transitions between different forms of locomotion challenging. The aim of this review is to identify the progress made in this area over the last decade, addressing two main questions: which types of novel sensors for environmental awareness are used in lower limb prostheses, and how do they enhance device control towards more comfort and safety. A literature search was conducted on two Internet databases, PubMed and IEEE Xplore. Based on the criteria for inclusion and exclusion, 32 papers were selected for the review analysis, 18 of those are related to explicit environmental sensing and 14 to implicit environmental sensing. Characteristics were discussed with a focus on update rate and resolution as well as on computing power and energy consumption. Our analysis identified numerous state-of-the-art sensors, some of which are able to “look through” clothing or cosmetic covers. Five control categories were identified, how “next generation prostheses” could be extended. There is a clear tendency towards more upcoming object or terrain prediction concepts using all types of distance and depth-based sensors. Other advanced strategies, such as bilateral gait segmentation from unilateral sensors, could also play an important role in movement-dependent control applications. The studies demonstrated promising accuracy in well-controlled laboratory settings, but it is unclear how the systems will perform in real-world environments, both indoors and outdoors. At the moment the main limitation proves to be the necessity of having an unobstructed field of view.","doi":"10.1186/s12984-020-00726-x","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8ea4795b8463c03b5519874eb75c994ddb52daf6","result_position":32,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":255958585,"title":"Relying on more sense for enhancing lower limb prostheses control: a review","venue":"Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation","year":2020,"authors":["Michael Tschiedel","M. Russold","E. Kaniušas"],"abstract":"Modern lower limb prostheses have the capability to replace missing body parts and improve the patients’ quality of life. However, missing environmental information often makes a seamless adaptation to transitions between different forms of locomotion challenging. The aim of this review is to identify the progress made in this area over the last decade, addressing two main questions: which types of novel sensors for environmental awareness are used in lower limb prostheses, and how do they enhance device control towards more comfort and safety. A literature search was conducted on two Internet databases, PubMed and IEEE Xplore. Based on the criteria for inclusion and exclusion, 32 papers were selected for the review analysis, 18 of those are related to explicit environmental sensing and 14 to implicit environmental sensing. Characteristics were discussed with a focus on update rate and resolution as well as on computing power and energy consumption. Our analysis identified numerous state-of-the-art sensors, some of which are able to “look through” clothing or cosmetic covers. Five control categories were identified, how “next generation prostheses” could be extended. There is a clear tendency towards more upcoming object or terrain prediction concepts using all types of distance and depth-based sensors. Other advanced strategies, such as bilateral gait segmentation from unilateral sensors, could also play an important role in movement-dependent control applications. The studies demonstrated promising accuracy in well-controlled laboratory settings, but it is unclear how the systems will perform in real-world environments, both indoors and outdoors. At the moment the main limitation proves to be the necessity of having an unobstructed field of view.","doi":"10.1186/s12984-020-00726-x","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c0f9a193121734d7166e66c00d33902bedc118a6","result_position":33,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":227339233,"title":"Depth estimation on embedded computers for robot swarms in forest","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2020,"authors":["Chaoyue Niu","Danesh S. Tarapore","Klaus-Peter Zauner"],"abstract":"Robot swarms to date are not prepared for autonomous navigation such as path planning and obstacle detection in forest floor, unable to achieve low-cost. The development of depth sensing and embedded computing hardware paves the way for swarm of terrestrial robots. The goal of this research is to improve this situation by developing low cost vision system for small ground robots to rapidly perceive terrain. We develop two depth estimation models and evaluate their performance on Raspberry Pi 4 and Jetson Nano in terms of accuracy, runtime and model size of depth estimation models, as well as memory consumption, power draw, temperature, and cost of above two embedded on-board computers. Our research demonstrated that auto-encoder network deployed on Raspberry Pi 4 runs at a power consumption of 3.4 W, memory consumption of about 200 MB, and mean runtime of 13 ms. This can be to meet our requirement for low-cost swarm of robots. Moreover, our analysis also indicated multi-scale deep network performs better for predicting depth map from blurred RGB images caused by camera motion. This paper mainly describes depth estimation models trained on our own dataset recorded in forest, and their performance on embedded on-board computers.","doi":"","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e6b31db0ea8925f4de2ccbf942e13aede48d7c0b","result_position":34,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":28363868,"title":"RGB–D terrain perception and dense mapping for legged robots","venue":"International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Sciences","year":2016,"authors":["D. Belter","Przemyslaw Labecki","Péter Fankhauser","R. Siegwart"],"abstract":"Abstract This paper addresses the issues of unstructured terrain modeling for the purpose of navigation with legged robots. We present an improved elevation grid concept adopted to the specific requirements of a small legged robot with limited perceptual capabilities. We propose an extension of the elevation grid update mechanism by incorporating a formal treatment of the spatial uncertainty. Moreover, this paper presents uncertainty models for a structured light RGB-D sensor and a stereo vision camera used to produce a dense depth map. The model for the uncertainty of the stereo vision camera is based on uncertainty propagation from calibration, through undistortion and rectification algorithms, allowing calculation of the uncertainty of measured 3D point coordinates. The proposed uncertainty models were used for the construction of a terrain elevation map using the Videre Design STOC stereo vision camera and Kinect-like range sensors. We provide experimental verification of the proposed mapping method, and a comparison with another recently published terrain mapping method for walking robots.","doi":"10.1515/amcs-2016-0006","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9eb2e7fa18a0e5eae8900ebc6247a09356e6b736","result_position":35,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":1751603,"title":"Stereo vision and terrain modeling for quadruped robots","venue":"IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation","year":2009,"authors":["J. Kolter","Youngjun Kim","A. Ng"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1109/ROBOT.2009.5152795","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4cf9953b032b59c408415ebdb46e3a49168343e5","result_position":36,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":195185561,"title":"Terrain Awareness Using a Tracked Skid-Steering Vehicle With Passive Independent Suspensions","venue":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","year":2019,"authors":["Rocco Galati","G. Reina"],"abstract":"This paper presents a novel approach for terrain characterization based on a tracked skid-steer vehicle with a passive independent suspensions system. A set of physics-based parameters is used to characterize the terrain properties: drive motor electrical currents, the equivalent track, the power spectral density for the vertical accelerations and motor currents. Based on this feature set, the system predicts the type of terrain that the robot traverses. A wide set of experimental results acquired on various surfaces are provided to verify the study in the field, proving its effectiveness for application in autonomous robots.","doi":"10.3389/frobt.2019.00046","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2de9ab79cecd80f293c8441b3a5bb74c57342067","result_position":37,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":2878476,"title":"Towards Camera-LIDAR Fusion-Based Terrain Modelling for Planetary Surfaces: Review and Analysis","venue":"Italian National Conference on Sensors","year":2016,"authors":["A. Shaukat","Peter C. Blacker","C. Spiteri","Yang Gao"],"abstract":"In recent decades, terrain modelling and reconstruction techniques have increased research interest in precise short and long distance autonomous navigation, localisation and mapping within field robotics. One of the most challenging applications is in relation to autonomous planetary exploration using mobile robots. Rovers deployed to explore extraterrestrial surfaces are required to perceive and model the environment with little or no intervention from the ground station. Up to date, stereopsis represents the state-of-the art method and can achieve short-distance planetary surface modelling. However, future space missions will require scene reconstruction at greater distance, fidelity and feature complexity, potentially using other sensors like Light Detection And Ranging (LIDAR). LIDAR has been extensively exploited for target detection, identification, and depth estimation in terrestrial robotics, but is still under development to become a viable technology for space robotics. This paper will first review current methods for scene reconstruction and terrain modelling using cameras in planetary robotics and LIDARs in terrestrial robotics; then we will propose camera-LIDAR fusion as a feasible technique to overcome the limitations of either of these individual sensors for planetary exploration. A comprehensive analysis will be presented to demonstrate the advantages of camera-LIDAR fusion in terms of range, fidelity, accuracy and computation.","doi":"10.3390/s16111952","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fd2dec649b9934574698c100285f1f45bace719f","result_position":38,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":252733339,"title":"Legged Locomotion in Challenging Terrains using Egocentric Vision","venue":"Conference on Robot Learning","year":2022,"authors":["Ananye Agarwal","Ashish Kumar","Jitendra Malik","Deepak Pathak"],"abstract":"Animals are capable of precise and agile locomotion using vision. Replicating this ability has been a long-standing goal in robotics. The traditional approach has been to decompose this problem into elevation mapping and foothold planning phases. The elevation mapping, however, is susceptible to failure and large noise artifacts, requires specialized hardware, and is biologically implausible. In this paper, we present the first end-to-end locomotion system capable of traversing stairs, curbs, stepping stones, and gaps. We show this result on a medium-sized quadruped robot using a single front-facing depth camera. The small size of the robot necessitates discovering specialized gait patterns not seen elsewhere. The egocentric camera requires the policy to remember past information to estimate the terrain under its hind feet. We train our policy in simulation. Training has two phases - first, we train a policy using reinforcement learning with a cheap-to-compute variant of depth image and then in phase 2 distill it into the final policy that uses depth using supervised learning. The resulting policy transfers to the real world and is able to run in real-time on the limited compute of the robot. It can traverse a large variety of terrain while being robust to perturbations like pushes, slippery surfaces, and rocky terrain. Videos are at https://vision-locomotion.github.io","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2211.07638","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c25933713708bca9a7a2c1379e9783c88a3afdd3","result_position":39,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":253384528,"title":"Learning Visual Locomotion with Cross-Modal Supervision","venue":"IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation","year":2022,"authors":["Antonio Loquercio","Ashish Kumar","J. Malik"],"abstract":"In this work, we show how to learn a visual walking policy that only uses a monocular RGB camera and proprioception. Since simulating RGB is hard, we necessarily have to learn vision in the real world. We start with a blind walking policy trained in simulation. This policy can traverse some terrains in the real world but often struggles since it lacks knowledge of the upcoming geometry. This can be resolved with the use of vision. We train a visual module in the real world to predict the upcoming terrain with our proposed algorithm Cross-Modal Supervision (CMS). CMS uses time-shifted proprioception to supervise vision and allows the policy to continually improve with more real-world experience. We evaluate our vision-based walking policy over a diverse set of terrains including stairs (up to 19cm high), slippery slopes (inclination of 35°), curbs and tall steps (up to 20cm), and complex discrete terrains. We achieve this performance with less than 30 minutes of real-world data. Finally, we show that our policy can adapt to shifts in the visual field with a limited amount of real-world experience.","doi":"10.1109/ICRA48891.2023.10160760","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/410caec38e2be5228d2116b22ed7872d77305cc8","result_position":40,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":40038025,"title":"Terrain Classification and Negotiation with a Walking Robot","venue":"Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems","year":2014,"authors":["K. Walas"],"abstract":"This paper describes a walking robot controller for negotiation of terrains with different traction characteristics. The feedback is based on three perception systems. The purpose of the presented research is to enhance the autonomy of the walking robot. The information about the class of the terrain allows the robot to work in the real world scenarios more efficiently. In the presented work twelve types of the ground were tested. Suitability of each type of the perception system for characterizing the terrain class was checked. Namely, vision, depth and tactile sensors were used. In each case as a classifier the Support Vector Machines were utilized. The separate classification results from each sensor were combined to obtain better precision and recall in the ground classification process. The information about the terrain type was fed into robot controller to adapt the robot gait parameters. The goal was to achieve good balance between the speed of the movement and the vibration caused by the bounciness and the irregularities of the terrain. The paper begins with the description of the experimental setup. Next, the classification results for each sensor used are presented. Then, the rules of combining classifiers were tested. Finally, the robot gait controller was proposed and evaluated.","doi":"10.1007/s10846-014-0067-0","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/752d091eaa56f1fe2302762f4ebbf660c0150f8f","result_position":41,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":59361498,"title":"A New Terrain Classification Framework Using Proprioceptive Sensors for Mobile Robots","venue":"","year":2017,"authors":["Kai Zhao","Mingming Dong","Liang Gu"],"abstract":"Mobile robots that operate in real-world environments interact with the surroundings to generate complex acoustics and vibration signals, which carry rich information about the terrain. This paper presents a new terrain classification framework that utilizes both acoustics and vibration signals resulting from the robot-terrain interaction. As an alternative to handcrafted domain-specific feature extraction, a two-stage feature selection method combining ReliefF and mRMR algorithms was developed to select optimal feature subsets that carry more discriminative information. As different data sources can provide complementary information, a multiclassifier combination method was proposed by considering a priori knowledge and fusing predictions from five data sources: one acoustic data source and four vibration data sources. In this study, four conceptually different classifiers were employed to perform the classification, each with a different number of optimal features. Signals were collected using a tracked robot moving at three different speeds on six different terrains. The new framework successfully improved classification performance of different classifiers using the newly developed optimal feature subsets. The greater improvement was observed for robot traversing at lower speeds.","doi":"10.1155/2017/3938502","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/30703b18c4d9e94b4e5efb7613939cebc985e00b","result_position":42,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":249658527,"title":"Recent Advances in Bipedal Walking Robots: Review of Gait, Drive, Sensors and Control Systems","venue":"Italian National Conference on Sensors","year":2022,"authors":["T. Mikołajczyk","E. Mikołajewska","H. Al-Shuka","T. Malinowski","A. Kłodowski","Danil Yurievich Pimenov","T. Pączkowski","Fuwen Hu","K. Giasin","D. Mikołajewski","M. Macko"],"abstract":"Currently, there is an intensive development of bipedal walking robots. The most known solutions are based on the use of the principles of human gait created in nature during evolution. Modernbipedal robots are also based on the locomotion manners of birds. This review presents the current state of the art of bipedal walking robots based on natural bipedal movements (human and bird) as well as on innovative synthetic solutions. Firstly, an overview of the scientific analysis of human gait is provided as a basis for the design of bipedal robots. The full human gait cycle that consists of two main phases is analysed and the attention is paid to the problem of balance and stability, especially in the single support phase when the bipedal movement is unstable. The influences of passive or active gait on energy demand are also discussed. Most studies are explored based on the zero moment. Furthermore, a review of the knowledge on the specific locomotor characteristics of birds, whose kinematics are derived from dinosaurs and provide them with both walking and running abilities, is presented. Secondly, many types of bipedal robot solutions are reviewed, which include nature-inspired robots (human-like and birdlike robots) and innovative robots using new heuristic, synthetic ideas for locomotion. Totally 45 robotic solutions are gathered by thebibliographic search method. Atlas was mentioned as one of the most perfect human-like robots, while the birdlike robot cases were Cassie and Digit. Innovative robots are presented, such asslider robot without knees, robots with rotating feet (3 and 4 degrees of freedom), and the hybrid robot Leo, which can walk on surfaces and fly. In particular, the paper describes in detail the robots’ propulsion systems (electric, hydraulic), the structure of the lower limb (serial, parallel, mixed mechanisms), the types and structures of control and sensor systems, and the energy efficiency of the robots. Terrain roughness recognition systems using different sensor systems based on light detection and ranging or multiple cameras are introduced. A comparison of performance, control and sensor systems, drive systems, and achievements of known human-like and birdlike robots is provided. Thirdly, for the first time, the review comments on the future of bipedal robots in relation to the concepts of conventional (natural bipedal) and synthetic unconventional gait. We critically assess and compare prospective directions for further research that involve the development of navigation systems, artificial intelligence, collaboration with humans, areas for the development of bipedal robot applications in everyday life, therapy, and industry.","doi":"10.3390/s22124440","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/46de3cfe264296b94e770338b96b66875884a9b5","result_position":43,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":268201708,"title":"Learning to walk in confined spaces using 3D representation","venue":"IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation","year":2024,"authors":["Takahiro Miki","Joonho Lee","Lorenz Wellhausen","Marco Hutter"],"abstract":"Legged robots have the potential to traverse complex terrain and access confined spaces beyond the reach of traditional platforms thanks to their ability to carefully select footholds and flexibly adapt their body posture while walking. However, robust deployment in real-world applications is still an open challenge. In this paper, we present a method for legged locomotion control using reinforcement learning and 3D volumetric representations to enable robust and versatile locomotion in confined and unstructured environments. By employing a two-layer hierarchical policy structure, we exploit the capabilities of a highly robust low-level policy to follow 6D commands and a high-level policy to enable three-dimensional spatial awareness for navigating under overhanging obstacles. Our study includes the development of a procedural terrain generator to create diverse training environments. We present a series of experimental evaluations in both simulation and real-world settings, demonstrating the effectiveness of our approach in controlling a quadruped robot in confined, rough terrain. By achieving this, our work extends the applicability of legged robots to a broader range of scenarios.","doi":"10.1109/ICRA57147.2024.10610271","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1f519265ddd1edb7adfab150c72f2ccc37804672","result_position":44,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":259617277,"title":"Deep Learning Vision System for Quadruped Robot Gait Pattern Regulation","venue":"Biomimetics","year":2023,"authors":["Christyan Cruz Ulloa","Lourdes Sánchez","J. del Cerro","A. Barrientos"],"abstract":"Robots with bio-inspired locomotion systems, such as quadruped robots, have recently attracted significant scientific interest, especially those designed to tackle missions in unstructured terrains, such as search-and-rescue robotics. On the other hand, artificial intelligence systems have allowed for the improvement and adaptation of the locomotion capabilities of these robots based on specific terrains, imitating the natural behavior of quadruped animals. The main contribution of this work is a method to adjust adaptive gait patterns to overcome unstructured terrains using the ARTU-R (A1 Rescue Task UPM Robot) quadruped robot based on a central pattern generator (CPG), and the automatic identification of terrain and characterization of its obstacles (number, size, position and superability analysis) through convolutional neural networks for pattern regulation. To develop this method, a study of dog gait patterns was carried out, with validation and adjustment through simulation on the robot model in ROS-Gazebo and subsequent transfer to the real robot. Outdoor tests were carried out to evaluate and validate the efficiency of the proposed method in terms of its percentage of success in overcoming stretches of unstructured terrains, as well as the kinematic and dynamic variables of the robot. The main results show that the proposed method has an efficiency of over 93% for terrain characterization (identification of terrain, segmentation and obstacle characterization) and over 91% success in overcoming unstructured terrains. This work was also compared against main developments in state-of-the-art and benchmark models.","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics8030289","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9333b91983a66fd0605f7389d87767071496ef4e","result_position":45,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":258686662,"title":"Seeing Through the Grass: Semantic Pointcloud Filter for Support Surface Learning","venue":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","year":2023,"authors":["Anqiao Li","Chenyu Yang","Jonas Frey","Joonho Lee","César Cadena","Marco Hutter"],"abstract":"Mobile ground robots require perceiving and understanding their surrounding support surface to move around autonomously and safely. The support surface is commonly estimated based on exteroceptive depth measurements, e.g., from LiDARs. However, the measured depth fails to align with the true support surface in the presence of high grass or other penetrable vegetation. In this work, we present the semantic pointcloud filter (SPF), a convolutional neural network (CNN) that learns to adjust LiDAR measurements to align with the underlying support surface. The SPF is trained in a semi-self-supervised manner and takes as an input a LiDAR pointcloud and RGB image. The network predicts a binary segmentation mask that identifies the specific points requiring adjustment, along with estimating their corresponding depth values. To train the segmentation task, 464 distinct images are manually labeled into rigid and non-rigid terrain. The depth estimation task is trained in a self-supervised manner by utilizing the future footholds of the robot to estimate the support surface based on a Gaussian process. Our method can correctly adjust the support surface prior to interacting with the terrain and is extensively tested on the quadruped robot ANYmal. We show the qualitative benefits of SPF in natural environments for elevation mapping and traversability estimation compared to using raw sensor measurements and existing smoothing methods. Quantitative analysis is performed in various natural environments, and an improvement by 48% RMSE is achieved within a meadow terrain.","doi":"10.1109/LRA.2023.3320016","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/737cc511aebece96921a78a22793cdd2c6267189","result_position":46,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":12220052,"title":"Vision enhanced reactive locomotion control for trotting on rough terrain","venue":"2013 IEEE Conference on Technologies for Practical Robot Applications (TePRA)","year":2013,"authors":["S. Bazeille","V. Barasuol","Michele Focchi","I. Havoutis","M. Frigerio","J. Buchli","C. Semini","D. Caldwell"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1109/TePRA.2013.6556366","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/55fefb7648933030ce78bf2453573349b3159511","result_position":47,"is_clicked":false}],"string":"[\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 116394149,\n \"title\": \"Terrain assessment for precision agriculture using vehicle dynamic modelling\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"G. Reina\",\n \"A. Milella\",\n \"Rocco Galati\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Advances in precision agriculture greatly rely on innovative control and sensing technologies that allow service units to increase their level of driving automation while ensuring at the same time high safety standards. This paper deals with automatic terrain estimation and classification that is performed simultaneously by an agricultural vehicle during normal operations. Vehicle mobility and safety, and the successful implementation of important agricultural tasks including seeding, ploughing, fertilising and controlled traffic depend or can be improved by a correct identification of the terrain that is traversed. The novelty of this research lies in that terrain estimation is performed by using not only traditional appearance-based features, that is colour and geometric properties, but also contact-based features, that is measuring physics-based dynamic effects that govern the vehicle–terrain interaction and that greatly affect its mobility. Experimental results obtained from an all-terrain vehicle operating on different surfaces are presented to validate the system in the field. It was shown that a terrain classifier trained with contact features was able to achieve a correct prediction rate of 85.1%, which is comparable or better than that obtained with approaches using traditional feature sets. To further improve the classification performance, all feature sets were merged in an augmented feature space, reaching, for these tests, 89.1% of correct predictions.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2017.06.025\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d980c2ef2003c204befc2a1929d02bf0ea1e7c0f\",\n \"result_position\": 0,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 271516659,\n \"title\": \"Improving the ROS 2 Navigation Stack with Real-Time Local Costmap Updates for Agricultural Applications\",\n \"venue\": \"IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ettore Sani\",\n \"Antonio Sgorbissa\",\n \"Stefano Carpin\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The ROS 2 Navigation Stack (Nav2) has emerged as a widely used software component providing the underlying basis to develop a variety of high-level functionalities. However, when used in outdoor environments such as orchards and vineyards, its functionality is notably limited by the presence of obstacles and/or situations not commonly found in indoor settings. One such example is given by tall grass and weeds that can be safely traversed by a robot, but that can be perceived as obstacles by LiDAR sensors, and then force the robot to take longer paths to avoid them, or abort navigation altogether. To overcome these limitations, domain specific extensions must be developed and integrated into the software pipeline. This paper presents a new, lightweight approach to address this challenge and improve outdoor robot navigation. Leveraging the multi-scale nature of the costmaps supporting Nav2, we developed a system that using a depth camera performs pixel level classification on the images, and in real time injects corrections into the local cost map, thus enabling the robot to traverse areas that would otherwise be avoided by the Nav2. Our approach has been implemented and validated on a Clearpath Husky and we demonstrate that with this extension the robot is able to perform navigation tasks that would be otherwise not practical with the standard components.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/ICRA57147.2024.10610984\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d893b1f8ef56c58549da4d3e82949cb61f4be2f0\",\n \"result_position\": 1,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 37048235,\n \"title\": \"Locomotion Strategy Selection for a Hybrid Mobile Robot Using Time of Flight Depth Sensor\",\n \"venue\": \"J. Sensors\",\n \"year\": 2015,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Artur Saudabayev\",\n \"Farabi Kungozhin\",\n \"Damir Nurseitov\",\n \"H. A. Varol\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The performance of a mobile robot can be improved by utilizing different locomotion modes in various terrain conditions. This creates the necessity of having a supervisory controller capable of recognizing different terrain types and changing the locomotion mode of the robot accordingly. This work focuses on the locomotion strategy selection problem for a hybrid legged wheeled mobile robot. Supervisory control of the robot is accomplished by the terrain recognizer, which classifies depth images obtained from a commercial time of flight depth sensor and selects different locomotion mode subcontrollers based on the recognized terrain type. For the terrain recognizer, a database is generated consisting of five terrain classes (Uneven, Level Ground, Stair Up, Stair Down, and Nontraversable). Depth images are enhanced using confidence map based filtering. The accuracy of the terrain classification using Support Vector Machine classifier for the testing database in five-class terrain recognition problem is 97%. Real-world experiments assess the locomotion abilities of the quadruped and the capability of the terrain recognizer in real-time settings. The results of these experiments show depth images processed in real time using machine learning algorithms can be used for the supervisory control of hybrid robots with legged and wheeled locomotion capabilities.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1155/2015/425732\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/eb0dacf8d160d134e6d2b1ca18d553baee6458b8\",\n \"result_position\": 2,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 17459328,\n \"title\": \"Application of the Kinect sensor for dynamic soil surface characterization\",\n \"venue\": \"Precision Agriculture\",\n \"year\": 2015,\n \"authors\": [\n \"F. Marinello\",\n \"A. Pezzuolo\",\n \"F. Gasparini\",\n \"J. Arvidsson\",\n \"Luigi Sartori\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s11119-015-9398-5\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1ddcc99e6b9979cf9b68add3286597fda449ddd8\",\n \"result_position\": 3,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 238634793,\n \"title\": \"System for multi-robotic exploration of underground environments CTU-CRAS-NORLAB in the DARPA Subterranean Challenge\",\n \"venue\": \"Field Robotics\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Tomáš Rouček\",\n \"M. Pecka\",\n \"P. Čížek\",\n \"T. Petříček\",\n \"J. Bayer\",\n \"Vojtěch Šalanský\",\n \"Teymur Azayev\",\n \"Daniel Heřt\",\n \"Matěj Petrlík\",\n \"T. Báča\",\n \"Vojtech Spurný\",\n \"V. Krátký\",\n \"Pavel Petráček\",\n \"D. Baril\",\n \"Maxime Vaidis\",\n \"V. Kubelka\",\n \"F. Pomerleau\",\n \"J. Faigl\",\n \"K. Zimmermann\",\n \"M. Saska\",\n \"Tomáš Svoboda\",\n \"T. Krajník\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"We present a field report of the CTU-CRAS-NORLAB team from the Subterranean Challenge (SubT) organized by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). The contest seeks to advance technologies that would improve the safety and efficiency of search-andrescue operations in GPS-denied environments. During the contest rounds, teams of mobile robots have to find specific objects while operating in environments with limited radio communication, e.g., mining tunnels, underground stations or natural caverns. We present a heterogeneous exploration robotic system of the CTU-CRAS-NORLAB team, which achieved the third rank at the SubT Tunnel and Urban Circuit rounds and surpassed the performance of all other non-DARPA-funded teams. The field report describes the team’s hardware, sensors, algorithms and strategies, and discusses the lessons learned by participating at the DARPA SubT contest.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.55417/fr.2022055\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0343c01000d41485d8df46cee37e3349a9182ac6\",\n \"result_position\": 4,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 278797884,\n \"title\": \"Hexapod robot motion planning investigation under the influence of multi-dimensional terrain features\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers Neurorobotics\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Chen Chen\",\n \"Jun Lin\",\n \"Bo You\",\n \"Jiayu Li\",\n \"Biao Gao\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"To address the challenges arising from the coupled interactions between multi-dimensional terrain features—encompassing both geometric and physical properties of complex field environments—and the locomotion stability of hexapod robots, this paper presents a comprehensive motion planning framework incorporating multi-dimensional terrain information. The proposed methodology systematically extracts multi-dimensional geometric and physical terrain features from a multi-layered environmental map. Based on these features, a traversal cost map is synthesized, and an enhanced A* algorithm is developed that incorporates terrain traversal metrics to optimize path planning safety across complex field environments. Furthermore, the framework introduces a foothold cost map derived from multi-dimensional terrain data, coupled with a fault-tolerant free gait planning algorithm based on foothold cost evaluation. This approach enables dynamic gait modulation to enhance overall locomotion stability while maintaining safe trajectory planning. The efficacy of the proposed framework is validated through both simulation studies and physical experiments on a hexapod robotic platform. Experimental results demonstrate that, compared to conventional hexapod motion planning approaches, the proposed multi-dimensional terrain-aware planning framework significantly enhances both locomotion safety and stability across complex field environments.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fnbot.2025.1605938\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/548a62aaf9df58ff65cfb0a76086a71db737af4e\",\n \"result_position\": 5,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 247047101,\n \"title\": \"Vision-Guided Six-Legged Walking of Little Crabster Using a Kinect Sensor\",\n \"venue\": \"Applied Sciences\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jung-Yup Kim\",\n \"Min-Jong Park\",\n \"Sungjun Kim\",\n \"Dongjun Shin\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"A conventional blind walking algorithm has low walking stability on uneven terrain because a robot cannot rapidly respond to height changes of the ground due to limited information from foot force sensors. In order to cope with rough terrain, it is essential to obtain 3D ground information. Therefore, this paper proposes a vision-guided six-legged walking algorithm for stable walking on uneven terrain. We obtained noise-filtered 3D ground information by using a Kinect sensor and experimentally derived coordinate transformation information between the Kinect sensor and robot body. While generating landing positions of the six feet from the predefined walking parameters, the proposed algorithm modifies the landing positions in terms of reliability and safety using the obtained 3D ground information. For continuous walking, we also propose a ground merging algorithm and successfully validate the performance of the proposed algorithms through walking experiments on a treadmill with obstacles.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/app12042140\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/64c029ea9f2cb394bdd4ec3a13768f2f4bcf3ef0\",\n \"result_position\": 6,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 270123198,\n \"title\": \"Gaitor: Learning a Unified Representation Across Gaits for Real-World Quadruped Locomotion\",\n \"venue\": \"Conference on Robot Learning\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Alexander L. Mitchell\",\n \"W. Merkt\",\n \"Aristotelis Papatheodorou\",\n \"Ioannis Havoutis\",\n \"Ingmar Posner\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The current state-of-the-art in quadruped locomotion is able to produce a variety of complex motions. These methods either rely on switching between a discrete set of skills or learn a distribution across gaits using complex black-box models. Alternatively, we present Gaitor, which learns a disentangled and 2D representation across locomotion gaits. This learnt representation forms a planning space for closed-loop control delivering continuous gait transitions and perceptive terrain traversal. Gaitor's latent space is readily interpretable and we discover that during gait transitions, novel unseen gaits emerge. The latent space is disentangled with respect to footswing heights and lengths. This means that these gait characteristics can be varied independently in the 2D latent representation. Together with a simple terrain encoding and a learnt planner operating in the latent space, Gaitor can take motion commands including desired gait type and swing characteristics all while reacting to uneven terrain. We evaluate Gaitor in both simulation and the real world on the ANYmal C platform. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work learning a unified and interpretable latent space for multiple gaits, resulting in continuous blending between different locomotion modes on a real quadruped robot. An overview of the methods and results in this paper is found at https://youtu.be/eVFQbRyilCA.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2405.19452\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d6da49e814d2721437e86b0fe003824ed6656e25\",\n \"result_position\": 7,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 202889910,\n \"title\": \"On Autonomous Spatial Exploration with Small Hexapod Walking Robot using Tracking Camera Intel RealSense T265\",\n \"venue\": \"European Conference on Mobile Robots\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Bayer\",\n \"J. Faigl\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In this paper, we report on the deployment of the combination of commercially available off-the-shelf embedded visual localization system and RGB-D camera in an autonomous robotic exploration performed by small hexapod walking robot. Since the multi-legged walking robot is capable of traversing rough terrains, the addressed exploration problem is to create a map of an unknown environment while simultaneously performing the traversability assessment of the explored environment to efficiently and safely reach next navigational waypoints. The proposed system is targeted to run onboard of small multi-legged robots, and therefore, the system design is focused on computationally efficient approaches using relatively lightweight components. Therefore, we take advantages of the recently introduced tracking camera Intel RealSense T265 and RGB-D camera Intel RealSense D435 that are deployed to our developed autonomous hexapod walking robot that is equipped with adaptive locomotion control. Together with the proposed computationally efficient data representation and traversability assessment, the developed system supports onboard mapping and online decision-making within the exploration strategy even on a platform with low computational capabilities. Based on the reported experimental evaluation of the tracking camera, the developed system provides sufficiently accurate localization, and the robot has been able to explore indoor and outdoor environments fully autonomously.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/ECMR.2019.8870968\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fb02ee7c084eee9659edfd037ee7df17c9e6f16d\",\n \"result_position\": 8,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 52099341,\n \"title\": \"Superpixel Segmentation Based Synthetic Classifications with Clear Boundary Information for a Legged Robot\",\n \"venue\": \"Italian National Conference on Sensors\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yaguang Zhu\",\n \"Kailun Luo\",\n \"Chao Ma\",\n \"Qiong Liu\",\n \"Bo Jin\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In view of terrain classification of the autonomous multi-legged walking robots, two synthetic classification methods for terrain classification, Simple Linear Iterative Clustering based Support Vector Machine (SLIC-SVM) and Simple Linear Iterative Clustering based SegNet (SLIC-SegNet), are proposed. SLIC-SVM is proposed to solve the problem that the SVM can only output a single terrain label and fails to identify the mixed terrain. The SLIC-SegNet single-input multi-output terrain classification model is derived to improve the applicability of the terrain classifier. Since terrain classification results of high quality for legged robot use are hard to gain, the SLIC-SegNet obtains the satisfied information without too much effort. A series of experiments on regular terrain, irregular terrain and mixed terrain were conducted to present that both superpixel segmentation based synthetic classification methods can supply reliable mixed terrain classification result with clear boundary information and will put the terrain depending gait selection and path planning of the multi-legged robots into practice.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/s18092808\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/00e1163e8d3a91a83c5ed51228e184632693754b\",\n \"result_position\": 9,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 254327713,\n \"title\": \"Hexapod guidance and control for autonomous waypoint navigation over uneven terrain\",\n \"venue\": \"MATEC Web of Conferences\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Sheldon Erasmus\",\n \"J. Engelbrecht\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This paper presents a novel hexapod guidance and control system that enables an autonomous hexapod robot to walk over uneven terrain while navigating waypoints and keeping its central body level. The system uses a depth camera to determine the terrain heights at the horizontal locations where the hexapod plans to place its feet. The guidance and control software has been implemented in the Robotics Operating System and has been verified in simulation using the Gazebo simulator. A physical hexapod robot has been constructed and practical tests are currently being performed to validate the system.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1051/matecconf/202237005005\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/457eb4b9b1aaa9e455e6e0c9f9ff65ca67977cd6\",\n \"result_position\": 10,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 262825310,\n \"title\": \"Learning Vision-Based Bipedal Locomotion for Challenging Terrain\",\n \"venue\": \"IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Helei Duan\",\n \"Bikram Pandit\",\n \"M. S. Gadde\",\n \"Bart Jaap van Marum\",\n \"Jeremy Dao\",\n \"Chanho Kim\",\n \"Alan Fern\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Reinforcement learning (RL) for bipedal locomotion has recently demonstrated robust gaits over moderate terrains using only proprioceptive sensing. However, such blind controllers will fail in environments where robots must anticipate and adapt to local terrain, which requires visual perception. In this paper, we propose a fully-learned system that allows bipedal robots to react to local terrain while maintaining commanded travel speed and direction. Our approach first trains a controller in simulation using a heightmap expressed in the robot’s local frame. Next, data is collected in simulation to train a heightmap predictor, whose input is the history of depth images and robot states. We demonstrate that with appropriate domain randomization, this approach allows for successful sim-to-real transfer with no explicit pose estimation and no fine-tuning using real-world data. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of sim-to-real learning for vision-based bipedal locomotion over challenging terrains.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/ICRA57147.2024.10611621\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b053d411c9ae5804bb343cd50a68bdb8c8976f89\",\n \"result_position\": 11,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 272832364,\n \"title\": \"Walking with Terrain Reconstruction: Learning to Traverse Risky Sparse Footholds\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ruiqi Yu\",\n \"Qianshi Wang\",\n \"Yizhen Wang\",\n \"Zhicheng Wang\",\n \"Jun Wu\",\n \"Qiuguo Zhu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Traversing risky terrains with sparse footholds presents significant challenges for legged robots, requiring precise foot placement in safe areas. To acquire comprehensive exteroceptive information, prior studies have employed motion capture systems or mapping techniques to generate heightmap for locomotion policy. However, these approaches require specialized pipelines and often introduce additional noise. While depth images from egocentric vision systems are cost-effective, their limited field of view and sparse information hinder the integration of terrain structure details into implicit features, which are essential for generating precise actions. In this paper, we demonstrate that end-to-end reinforcement learning relying solely on proprioception and depth images is capable of traversing risky terrains with high sparsity and randomness. Our method introduces local terrain reconstruction, leveraging the benefits of clear features and sufficient information from the heightmap, which serves as an intermediary for visual feature extraction and motion generation. This allows the policy to effectively represent and memorize critical terrain information. We deploy the proposed framework on a low-cost quadrupedal robot, achieving agile and adaptive locomotion across various challenging terrains and showcasing outstanding performance in real-world scenarios. Video at: youtu.be/Rj9v5EZsn-M.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2409.15692\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f803b064f5b18bdca4accfed939a325ebe13717a\",\n \"result_position\": 12,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 259229175,\n \"title\": \"Online Feet Potential Fields for Quadruped Robots Navigation in Harsh Terrains\",\n \"venue\": \"Robotics\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Viviana Morlando\",\n \"Jonathan Cacace\",\n \"Fabio Ruggiero\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Quadruped robots have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their ability to navigate through challenging terrains. Among the various environments, agriculture fields are particularly difficult for legged robots, given the variability of soil types and conditions. To address this issue, this study proposes a novel navigation strategy that utilizes ground reaction forces to calculate online artificial potential fields, which are then applied to the robot’s feet to avoid low-traversability regions. The strategy also incorporates the net vector of the attractive potential field towards the goal and the repulsive field to avoid slippery regions, which dynamically adjusts the quadruped’s gait. A realistic simulation environment validates the proposed navigation framework with case studies on randomly generated terrains. A comprehensive comparison with baseline navigation methods is conducted to assess the effectiveness of the proposed approach.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/robotics12030086\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/24f244316419f33beb376e55db97631e8b616b65\",\n \"result_position\": 13,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 12745373,\n \"title\": \"ROBOT-CENTRIC ELEVATION MAPPING WITH UNCERTAINTY ESTIMATES\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2014,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Péter Fankhauser\",\n \"Michael Bloesch\",\n \"Christian Gehring\",\n \"Marco Hutter\",\n \"R. Siegwart\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1142/9789814623353_0051\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8230394c1d152b198e9058236c1a8bd591c16135\",\n \"result_position\": 14,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 49729825,\n \"title\": \"Probabilistic Terrain Mapping for Mobile Robots With Uncertain Localization\",\n \"venue\": \"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Péter Fankhauser\",\n \"Michael Bloesch\",\n \"Marco Hutter\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Mobile robots build on accurate, real-time mapping with onboard range sensors to achieve autonomous navigation over rough terrain. Existing approaches often rely on absolute localization based on tracking of external geometric or visual features. To circumvent the reliability issues of these approaches, we propose a novel terrain mapping method, which bases on proprioceptive localization from kinematic and inertial measurements only. The proposed method incorporates the drift and uncertainties of the state estimation and a noise model of the distance sensor. It yields a probabilistic terrain estimate as a grid-based elevation map including upper and lower confidence bounds. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach with simulated datasets and real-world experiments for real-time terrain mapping with legged robots and compare the terrain reconstruction to ground truth reference maps.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/LRA.2018.2849506\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8182c78b881844090d4d8423aec68104b40b5dd1\",\n \"result_position\": 15,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 51780862,\n \"title\": \"Unevenness Point Descriptor for Terrain Analysis in Mobile Robot Applications\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2013,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Bellone\",\n \"G. Reina\",\n \"N. Giannoccaro\",\n \"L. Spedicato\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In recent years, the use of imaging sensors that produce a three-dimensional representation of the environment has become an efficient solution to increase the degree of perception of autonomous mobile robots. Accurate and dense 3D point clouds can be generated from traditional stereo systems and laser scanners or from the new generation of RGB-D cameras, representing a versatile, reliable and cost-effective solution that is rapidly gaining interest within the robotics community. For autonomous mobile robots, it is critical to assess the traversability of the surrounding environment, especially when driving across natural terrain. In this paper, a novel approach to detect traversable and non-traversable regions of the environment from a depth image is presented that could enhance mobility and safety through integration with localization, control and planning methods. The proposed algorithm is based on the analysis of the normal vector of a surface obtained through Principal Component Analysis and it leads to the definition of a novel, so defined, Unevenness Point Descriptor. Experimental results, obtained with vehicles operating in indoor and outdoor environments, are presented to validate this approach.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5772/56240\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e1842a5651117506289dbbc29e752a0ca31b4ed1\",\n \"result_position\": 16,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 16354305,\n \"title\": \"Stereo-vision-based navigation of a six-legged walking robot in unknown rough terrain\",\n \"venue\": \"Int. J. Robotics Res.\",\n \"year\": 2012,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Stelzer\",\n \"H. Hirschmüller\",\n \"M. Görner\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1177/0278364911435161\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8dce587303ed0b4c4f0449a8b5b3dc32a2eceec8\",\n \"result_position\": 17,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 59059290,\n \"title\": \"Watch Your Step! Terrain Traversability for Robot Control\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Bellone\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Watch your step! Or perhaps, watch your wheels. Whatever the robot is, if it puts its feet, tracks, or wheels in the wrong place, it might get hurt; and as robots are quickly going from structured and completely known environments towards uncertain and unknown terrain, the surface assessment becomes an essential requirement. As a result, future mobile robots cannot neglect the evaluation of terrain’s structure, according to their driving capabilities. With the objective of filling this gap, the focus of this study was laid on terrain analysis methods, which can be used for robot control with particular reference to autonomous vehicles and mobile robots. Giving an overview of theory related to this topic, the investigation not only covers hardware, such as visual sensors or laser scanners, but also space descriptions, such as digital elevation models and point descriptors, introducing new aspects and characterization of terrain assessment. During the discussion, a wide number of examples and methodologies are exposed according to different tools and sensors, including the description of a recent method of terrain assessment using normal vectors analysis. Indeed, normal vectors has demonstrated great potentialities in the field of terrain irregularity assessment in both on‐road and off‐road environments.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5772/64489\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/08e5e5e5abe25b41481d44239b687cf1f1cbc28f\",\n \"result_position\": 18,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 196831477,\n \"title\": \"Stereo-based terrain traversability analysis using normal-based segmentation and superpixel surface analysis\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Aras R. Dargazany\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In this paper, an stereo-based traversability analysis approach for all terrains in off-road mobile robotics, e.g. Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) is proposed. This approach reformulates the problem of terrain traversability analysis into two main problems: (1) 3D terrain reconstruction and (2) terrain all surfaces detection and analysis. The proposed approach is using stereo camera for perception and 3D reconstruction of the terrain. In order to detect all the existing surfaces in the 3D reconstructed terrain as superpixel surfaces (i.e. segments), an image segmentation technique is applied using geometry-based features (pixel-based surface normals). Having detected all the surfaces, Superpixel Surface Traversability Analysis approach (SSTA) is applied on all of the detected surfaces (superpixel segments) in order to classify them based on their traversability index. The proposed SSTA approach is based on: (1) Superpixel surface normal and plane estimation, (2) Traversability analysis using superpixel surface planes. Having analyzed all the superpixel surfaces based on their traversability, these surfaces are finally classified into five main categories as following: traversable, semi-traversable, non-traversable, unknown and undecided.\",\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e0ea9ff26c00d2f8b1c23f28f151e00bf3538d7b\",\n \"result_position\": 19,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 250334575,\n \"title\": \"Polytopic Planar Region Characterization of Rough Terrains for Legged Locomotion\",\n \"venue\": \"IEEE/RJS International Conference on Intelligent RObots and Systems\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"ZhiHong Xu\",\n \"Hongbo Zhu\",\n \"Hua Chen\",\n \"Wei Zhang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This paper studies the problem of constructing polytopic representations for planar regions from depth camera readings. This problem is of great importance for terrain mapping in complicated environment and has great potentials in legged locomotion applications. To address the polytopic planar region characterization problem, we propose a two-stage solution scheme. At the first stage, the planar regions embedded within a sequence of depth images are extracted individually and then merged to establish a terrain map containing only planar regions in a selected frame. To simplify the representations of the planar regions that are applicable to foothold planning for legged robots, we further approximate the extracted planar regions via convex polytopes at the second stage. With the polytopic representation, the proposed approach achieves a great balance between accuracy and simplicity. Experimental validations with RGB-D cameras are conducted to demonstrate the performance of the proposed scheme. The proposed scheme successfully characterizes the planar regions via polytopes with acceptable accuracy. More importantly, the run time of the overall scheme is less than 10ms (i.e., > 100Hz) throughout the tests, which strongly illustrates the advantages of our approach developed in this paper.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/IROS47612.2022.9981553\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/20b868977ba3e2bf8ba8280c9425ebb87a591eab\",\n \"result_position\": 20,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 15634135,\n \"title\": \"A Novel Identification Methodology for the Coordinate Relationship between a 3D Vision System and a Legged Robot\",\n \"venue\": \"Italian National Conference on Sensors\",\n \"year\": 2015,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Xun Chai\",\n \"F. Gao\",\n \"Yang Pan\",\n \"Chenkun Qi\",\n \"Yilin Xu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Coordinate identification between vision systems and robots is quite a challenging issue in the field of intelligent robotic applications, involving steps such as perceiving the immediate environment, building the terrain map and planning the locomotion automatically. It is now well established that current identification methods have non-negligible limitations such as a difficult feature matching, the requirement of external tools and the intervention of multiple people. In this paper, we propose a novel methodology to identify the geometric parameters of 3D vision systems mounted on robots without involving other people or additional equipment. In particular, our method focuses on legged robots which have complex body structures and excellent locomotion ability compared to their wheeled/tracked counterparts. The parameters can be identified only by moving robots on a relatively flat ground. Concretely, an estimation approach is provided to calculate the ground plane. In addition, the relationship between the robot and the ground is modeled. The parameters are obtained by formulating the identification problem as an optimization problem. The methodology is integrated on a legged robot called “Octopus”, which can traverse through rough terrains with high stability after obtaining the identification parameters of its mounted vision system using the proposed method. Diverse experiments in different environments demonstrate our novel method is accurate and robust.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/s150409519\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/409179fe8990a4f53bf4d662a2b7e88caa85641e\",\n \"result_position\": 21,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 245854087,\n \"title\": \"Reconstructing Occluded Elevation Information in Terrain Maps With Self-Supervised Learning\",\n \"venue\": \"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Maximilian Stölzle\",\n \"Takahiro Miki\",\n \"L. Gerdes\",\n \"M. Azkarate\",\n \"Marco Hutter\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Accurate and complete terrain maps enhance the awareness of autonomous robots and enable safe and optimal path planning. Rocks and topography often create occlusions and lead to missing elevation information in the Digital Elevation Map (DEM). Currently, these occluded areas are either fully avoided during motion planning or the missing values in the elevation map are filled-in using traditional interpolation, diffusion or patch-matching techniques. These methods cannot leverage the high-level terrain characteristics and the geometric constraints of line of sight we humans use intuitively to predict occluded areas. We introduce a self-supervised learning approach capable of training on real-world data without a need for ground-truth information to reconstruct the occluded areas in the DEMs. We accomplish this by adding artificial occlusion to the incomplete elevation maps constructed on a real robot by performing ray casting. We first evaluate a supervised learning approach on synthetic data for which we have the full ground-truth available and subsequently move to several real-world datasets. These real-world datasets were recorded during exploration of both structured and unstructured terrain with a legged robot, and additionally in a planetary scenario on Lunar analogue terrain. We state a significant improvement compared to the baseline methods both on synthetic terrain and for the real-world datasets. Our neural network is able to run in real-time on both CPU and GPU with suitable sampling rates for autonomous ground robots. We motivate the applicability of reconstructing occlusion in elevation maps with preliminary motion planning experiments.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/LRA.2022.3141662\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fd2e5806978b1c9cee25b98bfef2869076a95317\",\n \"result_position\": 22,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 247025506,\n \"title\": \"GA-Nav: Efficient Terrain Segmentation for Robot Navigation in Unstructured Outdoor Environments\",\n \"venue\": \"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Tianrui Guan\",\n \"D. Kothandaraman\",\n \"Rohan Chandra\",\n \"A. Sathyamoorthy\",\n \"Kasun Weerakoon\",\n \"Dinesh Manocha\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"We propose GA-Nav, a novel group-wise attention mechanism to identify safe and navigable regions in unstructured environments from RGB images. Our group-wise attention method extracts multi-scale features from each type of terrain independently and classifies terrains based on their navigability levels using coarse-grained semantic segmentation. Our novel loss can be embedded within any backbone network to explicitly focus on the different groups’ features, at a low spatial resolution. Our design leads to efficient inference while maintaining a high level of accuracy compared to existing SOTA methods. Our extensive evaluations on the RUGD and RELLIS-3D datasets shows that GA-Nav achieves the state-of-the-art performance on RUGD and RELLIS-3D datasets. We interface GA-Nav with a deep reinforcement learning-based navigation algorithm and highlight its benefits in terms of navigation in real-world unstructured terrains. We integrate our GA-Nav-based navigation algorithm with ClearPath Jackal and Husky robots, and observe an improvement in terms of navigation success rate and better trajectory selections.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/lra.2022.3187278\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/af08d8e0e70d2ddc0fc64931a6df1f15124ec579\",\n \"result_position\": 23,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 276395098,\n \"title\": \"FusionForce: End-to-end Differentiable Neural-Symbolic Layer for Trajectory Prediction\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"R. Agishev\",\n \"Karel Zimmermann\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"We propose end-to-end differentiable model that predicts robot trajectories on rough offroad terrain from camera images and/or lidar point clouds. The model integrates a learnable component that predicts robot-terrain interaction forces with a neural-symbolic layer that enforces the laws of classical mechanics and consequently improves generalization on out-of-distribution data. The neural-symbolic layer includes a differentiable physics engine that computes the robot's trajectory by querying these forces at the points of contact with the terrain. As the proposed architecture comprises substantial geometrical and physics priors, the resulting model can also be seen as a learnable physics engine conditioned on real sensor data that delivers $10^4$ trajectories per second. We argue and empirically demonstrate that this architecture reduces the sim-to-real gap and mitigates out-of-distribution sensitivity. The differentiability, in conjunction with the rapid simulation speed, makes the model well-suited for various applications including model predictive control, trajectory shooting, supervised and reinforcement learning, or SLAM.\",\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/eb50e955c7b4ece6958feb813dcd5b8533543139\",\n \"result_position\": 24,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 249712030,\n \"title\": \"Neural Scene Representation for Locomotion on Structured Terrain\",\n \"venue\": \"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"David Hoeller\",\n \"N. Rudin\",\n \"C. Choy\",\n \"Anima Anandkumar\",\n \"Marco Hutter\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"We propose a learning-based method to reconstruct the local terrain for locomotion with a mobile robot traversing urban environments. Using a stream of depth measurements from the onboard cameras and the robot’s trajectory, the algorithm estimates the topography in the robot’s vicinity. The raw measurements from these cameras are noisy and only provide partial and occluded observations that in many cases do not show the terrain the robot stands on. Therefore, we propose a 3D reconstruction model that faithfully reconstructs the scene, despite the noisy measurements and large amounts of missing data coming from the blind spots of the camera arrangement. The model consists of a 4D fully convolutional network on point clouds that learns the geometric priors to complete the scene from the context and an auto-regressive feedback to leverage spatio-temporal consistency and use evidence from the past. The network can be solely trained with synthetic data, and due to extensive augmentation, it is robust in the real world, as shown in the validation on a quadrupedal robot, ANYmal, traversing challenging settings. We run the pipeline on the robot’s onboard low-power computer using an efficient sparse tensor implementation and show that the proposed method outperforms classical map representations.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2206.08077\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/899a7e69fd0e4ab2018d0060f53781b13310c432\",\n \"result_position\": 25,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 18540728,\n \"title\": \"A Matlab-Based Testbed for Integration, Evaluation and Comparison of Heterogeneous Stereo Vision Matching Algorithms\",\n \"venue\": \"Robotics\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Raúl Correal\",\n \"G. Pajares\",\n \"J. Ruz\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Stereo matching is a heavily researched area with a prolific published literature and a broad spectrum of heterogeneous algorithms available in diverse programming languages. This paper presents a Matlab-based testbed that aims to centralize and standardize this variety of both current and prospective stereo matching approaches. The proposed testbed aims to facilitate the application of stereo-based methods to real situations. It allows for configuring and executing algorithms, as well as comparing results, in a fast, easy and friendly setting. Algorithms can be combined so that a series of processes can be chained and executed consecutively, using the output of a process as input for the next; some additional filtering and image processing techniques have been included within the testbed for this purpose. A use case is included to illustrate how these processes are sequenced and its effect on the results for real applications. The testbed has been conceived as a collaborative and incremental open-source project, where its code is accessible and modifiable, with the objective of receiving contributions and releasing future versions to include new algorithms and features. It is currently available online for the research community.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/robotics5040024\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/662797d805b31656e7817138b4eecfe554778b94\",\n \"result_position\": 26,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 67755650,\n \"title\": \"3D traversability awareness for rough terrain mobile robots\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2014,\n \"authors\": [\n \"G. Reina\",\n \"M. Bellone\",\n \"L. Spedicato\",\n \"N. Giannoccaro\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1108/SR-03-2013-644\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e86740a36354e4442eb8a198b47f6495c9f0f372\",\n \"result_position\": 27,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 42733110,\n \"title\": \"Curved Surface Patches for Rough Terrain Perception\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2014,\n \"authors\": [\n \"D. Kanoulas\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Attaining animal-like legged locomotion on rough outdoor terrain with sparse foothold affordances -a primary use-case for legs vs other forms of locomotion- is a largely open problem. New advancements in control and perception have enabled bipeds to walk on flat and uneven indoor environments. But tasks that require reliable contact with unstructured world surfaces, for example walking on natural rocky terrain, need new perception and control algorithms. \\nThis thesis introduces 3D perception algorithms for contact tasks such as foot placement in rough terrain environments. We introduce a new method to identify and model potential contact areas between the robot's foot and a surface using a set of bounded curved patches. We present a patch parameterization model and an algorithm to fit and perceptually validate patches to 3D point samples. Having defined the environment representation using the patch model, we introduce a way to assemble patches into a spatial map. This map represents a sparse set of local areas potentially appropriate for contact between the robot and the surface. The process of creating such a map includes sparse seed point sampling, neighborhood searching, as well as patch fitting and validation. Various ways of sampling are introduced including a real time bio-inspired system for finding patches statistically similar to those that humans select while traversing rocky trails. These sparse patch algorithms are integrated with a dense volumetric fusion of range data from a moving depth camera, maintaining a dynamic patch map of relevant contact surfaces around a robot in real time. We integrate and test the algorithms as part of a real-time foothold perception system on a mini-biped robot, performing foot placements on rocks.\",\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5b28c63f4a19594c84201a3984fbeaa813a83aa7\",\n \"result_position\": 28,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 233774221,\n \"title\": \"Terrain Analytics for Precision Agriculture with Automated Vehicle Sensors and Data Fusion\",\n \"venue\": \"Sustainability\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Wei Zhao\",\n \"Tianxing Li\",\n \"Bozhao Qi\",\n \"Qifan Nie\",\n \"Troy Runge\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Precision agriculture aims to use minimal inputs to generate maximal yields by managing the plant and its environment at a discrete instead of a field level. This new farming methodology requires localized field data including topological terrain attributes, which influence irrigation, field moisture, nutrient runoff, soil compaction, and traction and stability for traversing agriculture machines. Existing research studies have used different sensors, such as distance sensors and cameras, to collect topological information, which may be constrained by energy cost, performance, price, etc. This study proposed a low-cost method to perform farmland topological analytics using sensor implementation and data processing. Inertial measurement unit sensors, which are widely used in automated vehicle study, and a camera are set up on a robot vehicle. Then experiments are conducted under indoor simulated environments that include five common topographies that would be encountered on farms, combined with validation experiments in a real-world field. A data fusion approach was developed and implemented to track robot vehicle movements, monitor the surrounding environment, and finally recognize the topography type in real time. The resulting method was able to clearly recognize topography changes. This low-cost and easy-mount method will be able to augment and calibrate existing mapping algorithms with multidimensional information. Practically, it can also achieve immediate improvement for the operation and path planning of large agricultural machines.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/SU13052905\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9803bdcef4c1379cca35639c75a758c00badc3ce\",\n \"result_position\": 29,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 262466033,\n \"title\": \"AgriSORT: A Simple Online Real-time Tracking-by-Detection framework for robotics in precision agriculture\",\n \"venue\": \"IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Leonardo Saraceni\",\n \"I. M. Motoi\",\n \"D. Nardi\",\n \"Thomas Alessandro Ciarfuglia\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The problem of multi-object tracking (MOT) consists in detecting and tracking all the objects in a video sequence while keeping a unique identifier for each object. It is a challenging and fundamental problem for robotics. In precision agriculture the challenge of achieving a satisfactory solution is amplified by extreme camera motion, sudden illumination changes, and strong occlusions. Most modern trackers rely on the appearance of objects rather than motion for association, which can be ineffective when most targets are static objects with the same appearance, as in the agricultural case. To this end, on the trail of SORT [5], we propose AgriSORT, a simple, online, real-time tracking-by-detection pipeline for precision agriculture based only on motion information that allows for accurate and fast propagation of tracks between frames. The main focuses of AgriSORT are efficiency, flexibility, minimal dependencies, and ease of deployment on robotic platforms. We test the proposed pipeline on a novel MOT benchmark specifically tailored for the agricultural context, based on video sequences taken in a table grape vineyard, particularly challenging due to strong self-similarity and density of the instances. Both the code and the dataset are available for future comparisons at: https://github.com/Lio320/AgriSORT\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/ICRA57147.2024.10610231\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7330b98ade7242879b5bf4ac61fe84396e4668bf\",\n \"result_position\": 30,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 247115842,\n \"title\": \"Proactive Anomaly Detection for Robot Navigation with Multi-Sensor Fusion\",\n \"venue\": \"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Tianchen Ji\",\n \"A. N. Sivakumar\",\n \"Girish V. Chowdhary\",\n \"K. Driggs-Campbell\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Despite the rapid advancement of navigation algorithms, mobile robots often render anomalous behaviors that can lead to navigation failures. The ability to detect such anomalous behaviors is a key component in modern robots to achieve high-levels of autonomy. Reactive anomaly detection methods identify anomalous task executions based on the current robot state and thus lack the ability to alert the robot before an actual failure occurs. Such an alert delay is undesirable due to the potential damage to both the robot and the surrounding objects. We propose a proactive anomaly detection network (PAAD) for robot navigation in unstructured and uncertain environments. PAAD predicts the probability of future failure based on the planned motions from the predictive controller and the current observation from the perception module. Multi-sensor signals are fused effectively to provide robust anomaly detection in the presence of sensor occlusion as seen in field environments. Our experiments on agricultural robot data demonstrates superior failure identification performance than previous methods, and that our model can capture anomalous behaviors in real-time while maintaining a low false detection rate in cluttered fields.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/LRA.2022.3153989\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6fcca2e2ff28f11f8f913ae843b6add57999e2e8\",\n \"result_position\": 31,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 220604164,\n \"title\": \"Relying on more sense for enhancing lower limb prostheses control: a review\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Michael Tschiedel\",\n \"M. Russold\",\n \"E. Kaniušas\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Modern lower limb prostheses have the capability to replace missing body parts and improve the patients’ quality of life. However, missing environmental information often makes a seamless adaptation to transitions between different forms of locomotion challenging. The aim of this review is to identify the progress made in this area over the last decade, addressing two main questions: which types of novel sensors for environmental awareness are used in lower limb prostheses, and how do they enhance device control towards more comfort and safety. A literature search was conducted on two Internet databases, PubMed and IEEE Xplore. Based on the criteria for inclusion and exclusion, 32 papers were selected for the review analysis, 18 of those are related to explicit environmental sensing and 14 to implicit environmental sensing. Characteristics were discussed with a focus on update rate and resolution as well as on computing power and energy consumption. Our analysis identified numerous state-of-the-art sensors, some of which are able to “look through” clothing or cosmetic covers. Five control categories were identified, how “next generation prostheses” could be extended. There is a clear tendency towards more upcoming object or terrain prediction concepts using all types of distance and depth-based sensors. Other advanced strategies, such as bilateral gait segmentation from unilateral sensors, could also play an important role in movement-dependent control applications. The studies demonstrated promising accuracy in well-controlled laboratory settings, but it is unclear how the systems will perform in real-world environments, both indoors and outdoors. At the moment the main limitation proves to be the necessity of having an unobstructed field of view.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1186/s12984-020-00726-x\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8ea4795b8463c03b5519874eb75c994ddb52daf6\",\n \"result_position\": 32,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 255958585,\n \"title\": \"Relying on more sense for enhancing lower limb prostheses control: a review\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Michael Tschiedel\",\n \"M. Russold\",\n \"E. Kaniušas\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Modern lower limb prostheses have the capability to replace missing body parts and improve the patients’ quality of life. However, missing environmental information often makes a seamless adaptation to transitions between different forms of locomotion challenging. The aim of this review is to identify the progress made in this area over the last decade, addressing two main questions: which types of novel sensors for environmental awareness are used in lower limb prostheses, and how do they enhance device control towards more comfort and safety. A literature search was conducted on two Internet databases, PubMed and IEEE Xplore. Based on the criteria for inclusion and exclusion, 32 papers were selected for the review analysis, 18 of those are related to explicit environmental sensing and 14 to implicit environmental sensing. Characteristics were discussed with a focus on update rate and resolution as well as on computing power and energy consumption. Our analysis identified numerous state-of-the-art sensors, some of which are able to “look through” clothing or cosmetic covers. Five control categories were identified, how “next generation prostheses” could be extended. There is a clear tendency towards more upcoming object or terrain prediction concepts using all types of distance and depth-based sensors. Other advanced strategies, such as bilateral gait segmentation from unilateral sensors, could also play an important role in movement-dependent control applications. The studies demonstrated promising accuracy in well-controlled laboratory settings, but it is unclear how the systems will perform in real-world environments, both indoors and outdoors. At the moment the main limitation proves to be the necessity of having an unobstructed field of view.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1186/s12984-020-00726-x\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c0f9a193121734d7166e66c00d33902bedc118a6\",\n \"result_position\": 33,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 227339233,\n \"title\": \"Depth estimation on embedded computers for robot swarms in forest\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Chaoyue Niu\",\n \"Danesh S. Tarapore\",\n \"Klaus-Peter Zauner\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Robot swarms to date are not prepared for autonomous navigation such as path planning and obstacle detection in forest floor, unable to achieve low-cost. The development of depth sensing and embedded computing hardware paves the way for swarm of terrestrial robots. The goal of this research is to improve this situation by developing low cost vision system for small ground robots to rapidly perceive terrain. We develop two depth estimation models and evaluate their performance on Raspberry Pi 4 and Jetson Nano in terms of accuracy, runtime and model size of depth estimation models, as well as memory consumption, power draw, temperature, and cost of above two embedded on-board computers. Our research demonstrated that auto-encoder network deployed on Raspberry Pi 4 runs at a power consumption of 3.4 W, memory consumption of about 200 MB, and mean runtime of 13 ms. This can be to meet our requirement for low-cost swarm of robots. Moreover, our analysis also indicated multi-scale deep network performs better for predicting depth map from blurred RGB images caused by camera motion. This paper mainly describes depth estimation models trained on our own dataset recorded in forest, and their performance on embedded on-board computers.\",\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e6b31db0ea8925f4de2ccbf942e13aede48d7c0b\",\n \"result_position\": 34,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 28363868,\n \"title\": \"RGB–D terrain perception and dense mapping for legged robots\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Sciences\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"D. Belter\",\n \"Przemyslaw Labecki\",\n \"Péter Fankhauser\",\n \"R. Siegwart\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract This paper addresses the issues of unstructured terrain modeling for the purpose of navigation with legged robots. We present an improved elevation grid concept adopted to the specific requirements of a small legged robot with limited perceptual capabilities. We propose an extension of the elevation grid update mechanism by incorporating a formal treatment of the spatial uncertainty. Moreover, this paper presents uncertainty models for a structured light RGB-D sensor and a stereo vision camera used to produce a dense depth map. The model for the uncertainty of the stereo vision camera is based on uncertainty propagation from calibration, through undistortion and rectification algorithms, allowing calculation of the uncertainty of measured 3D point coordinates. The proposed uncertainty models were used for the construction of a terrain elevation map using the Videre Design STOC stereo vision camera and Kinect-like range sensors. We provide experimental verification of the proposed mapping method, and a comparison with another recently published terrain mapping method for walking robots.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1515/amcs-2016-0006\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9eb2e7fa18a0e5eae8900ebc6247a09356e6b736\",\n \"result_position\": 35,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 1751603,\n \"title\": \"Stereo vision and terrain modeling for quadruped robots\",\n \"venue\": \"IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation\",\n \"year\": 2009,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Kolter\",\n \"Youngjun Kim\",\n \"A. Ng\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/ROBOT.2009.5152795\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4cf9953b032b59c408415ebdb46e3a49168343e5\",\n \"result_position\": 36,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 195185561,\n \"title\": \"Terrain Awareness Using a Tracked Skid-Steering Vehicle With Passive Independent Suspensions\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Robotics and AI\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Rocco Galati\",\n \"G. Reina\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This paper presents a novel approach for terrain characterization based on a tracked skid-steer vehicle with a passive independent suspensions system. A set of physics-based parameters is used to characterize the terrain properties: drive motor electrical currents, the equivalent track, the power spectral density for the vertical accelerations and motor currents. Based on this feature set, the system predicts the type of terrain that the robot traverses. A wide set of experimental results acquired on various surfaces are provided to verify the study in the field, proving its effectiveness for application in autonomous robots.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/frobt.2019.00046\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2de9ab79cecd80f293c8441b3a5bb74c57342067\",\n \"result_position\": 37,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 2878476,\n \"title\": \"Towards Camera-LIDAR Fusion-Based Terrain Modelling for Planetary Surfaces: Review and Analysis\",\n \"venue\": \"Italian National Conference on Sensors\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Shaukat\",\n \"Peter C. Blacker\",\n \"C. Spiteri\",\n \"Yang Gao\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In recent decades, terrain modelling and reconstruction techniques have increased research interest in precise short and long distance autonomous navigation, localisation and mapping within field robotics. One of the most challenging applications is in relation to autonomous planetary exploration using mobile robots. Rovers deployed to explore extraterrestrial surfaces are required to perceive and model the environment with little or no intervention from the ground station. Up to date, stereopsis represents the state-of-the art method and can achieve short-distance planetary surface modelling. However, future space missions will require scene reconstruction at greater distance, fidelity and feature complexity, potentially using other sensors like Light Detection And Ranging (LIDAR). LIDAR has been extensively exploited for target detection, identification, and depth estimation in terrestrial robotics, but is still under development to become a viable technology for space robotics. This paper will first review current methods for scene reconstruction and terrain modelling using cameras in planetary robotics and LIDARs in terrestrial robotics; then we will propose camera-LIDAR fusion as a feasible technique to overcome the limitations of either of these individual sensors for planetary exploration. A comprehensive analysis will be presented to demonstrate the advantages of camera-LIDAR fusion in terms of range, fidelity, accuracy and computation.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/s16111952\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fd2dec649b9934574698c100285f1f45bace719f\",\n \"result_position\": 38,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 252733339,\n \"title\": \"Legged Locomotion in Challenging Terrains using Egocentric Vision\",\n \"venue\": \"Conference on Robot Learning\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ananye Agarwal\",\n \"Ashish Kumar\",\n \"Jitendra Malik\",\n \"Deepak Pathak\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Animals are capable of precise and agile locomotion using vision. Replicating this ability has been a long-standing goal in robotics. The traditional approach has been to decompose this problem into elevation mapping and foothold planning phases. The elevation mapping, however, is susceptible to failure and large noise artifacts, requires specialized hardware, and is biologically implausible. In this paper, we present the first end-to-end locomotion system capable of traversing stairs, curbs, stepping stones, and gaps. We show this result on a medium-sized quadruped robot using a single front-facing depth camera. The small size of the robot necessitates discovering specialized gait patterns not seen elsewhere. The egocentric camera requires the policy to remember past information to estimate the terrain under its hind feet. We train our policy in simulation. Training has two phases - first, we train a policy using reinforcement learning with a cheap-to-compute variant of depth image and then in phase 2 distill it into the final policy that uses depth using supervised learning. The resulting policy transfers to the real world and is able to run in real-time on the limited compute of the robot. It can traverse a large variety of terrain while being robust to perturbations like pushes, slippery surfaces, and rocky terrain. Videos are at https://vision-locomotion.github.io\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2211.07638\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c25933713708bca9a7a2c1379e9783c88a3afdd3\",\n \"result_position\": 39,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 253384528,\n \"title\": \"Learning Visual Locomotion with Cross-Modal Supervision\",\n \"venue\": \"IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Antonio Loquercio\",\n \"Ashish Kumar\",\n \"J. Malik\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In this work, we show how to learn a visual walking policy that only uses a monocular RGB camera and proprioception. Since simulating RGB is hard, we necessarily have to learn vision in the real world. We start with a blind walking policy trained in simulation. This policy can traverse some terrains in the real world but often struggles since it lacks knowledge of the upcoming geometry. This can be resolved with the use of vision. We train a visual module in the real world to predict the upcoming terrain with our proposed algorithm Cross-Modal Supervision (CMS). CMS uses time-shifted proprioception to supervise vision and allows the policy to continually improve with more real-world experience. We evaluate our vision-based walking policy over a diverse set of terrains including stairs (up to 19cm high), slippery slopes (inclination of 35°), curbs and tall steps (up to 20cm), and complex discrete terrains. We achieve this performance with less than 30 minutes of real-world data. Finally, we show that our policy can adapt to shifts in the visual field with a limited amount of real-world experience.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/ICRA48891.2023.10160760\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/410caec38e2be5228d2116b22ed7872d77305cc8\",\n \"result_position\": 40,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 40038025,\n \"title\": \"Terrain Classification and Negotiation with a Walking Robot\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems\",\n \"year\": 2014,\n \"authors\": [\n \"K. Walas\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This paper describes a walking robot controller for negotiation of terrains with different traction characteristics. The feedback is based on three perception systems. The purpose of the presented research is to enhance the autonomy of the walking robot. The information about the class of the terrain allows the robot to work in the real world scenarios more efficiently. In the presented work twelve types of the ground were tested. Suitability of each type of the perception system for characterizing the terrain class was checked. Namely, vision, depth and tactile sensors were used. In each case as a classifier the Support Vector Machines were utilized. The separate classification results from each sensor were combined to obtain better precision and recall in the ground classification process. The information about the terrain type was fed into robot controller to adapt the robot gait parameters. The goal was to achieve good balance between the speed of the movement and the vibration caused by the bounciness and the irregularities of the terrain. The paper begins with the description of the experimental setup. Next, the classification results for each sensor used are presented. Then, the rules of combining classifiers were tested. Finally, the robot gait controller was proposed and evaluated.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s10846-014-0067-0\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/752d091eaa56f1fe2302762f4ebbf660c0150f8f\",\n \"result_position\": 41,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 59361498,\n \"title\": \"A New Terrain Classification Framework Using Proprioceptive Sensors for Mobile Robots\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Kai Zhao\",\n \"Mingming Dong\",\n \"Liang Gu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Mobile robots that operate in real-world environments interact with the surroundings to generate complex acoustics and vibration signals, which carry rich information about the terrain. This paper presents a new terrain classification framework that utilizes both acoustics and vibration signals resulting from the robot-terrain interaction. As an alternative to handcrafted domain-specific feature extraction, a two-stage feature selection method combining ReliefF and mRMR algorithms was developed to select optimal feature subsets that carry more discriminative information. As different data sources can provide complementary information, a multiclassifier combination method was proposed by considering a priori knowledge and fusing predictions from five data sources: one acoustic data source and four vibration data sources. In this study, four conceptually different classifiers were employed to perform the classification, each with a different number of optimal features. Signals were collected using a tracked robot moving at three different speeds on six different terrains. The new framework successfully improved classification performance of different classifiers using the newly developed optimal feature subsets. The greater improvement was observed for robot traversing at lower speeds.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1155/2017/3938502\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/30703b18c4d9e94b4e5efb7613939cebc985e00b\",\n \"result_position\": 42,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 249658527,\n \"title\": \"Recent Advances in Bipedal Walking Robots: Review of Gait, Drive, Sensors and Control Systems\",\n \"venue\": \"Italian National Conference on Sensors\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"T. Mikołajczyk\",\n \"E. Mikołajewska\",\n \"H. Al-Shuka\",\n \"T. Malinowski\",\n \"A. Kłodowski\",\n \"Danil Yurievich Pimenov\",\n \"T. Pączkowski\",\n \"Fuwen Hu\",\n \"K. Giasin\",\n \"D. Mikołajewski\",\n \"M. Macko\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Currently, there is an intensive development of bipedal walking robots. The most known solutions are based on the use of the principles of human gait created in nature during evolution. Modernbipedal robots are also based on the locomotion manners of birds. This review presents the current state of the art of bipedal walking robots based on natural bipedal movements (human and bird) as well as on innovative synthetic solutions. Firstly, an overview of the scientific analysis of human gait is provided as a basis for the design of bipedal robots. The full human gait cycle that consists of two main phases is analysed and the attention is paid to the problem of balance and stability, especially in the single support phase when the bipedal movement is unstable. The influences of passive or active gait on energy demand are also discussed. Most studies are explored based on the zero moment. Furthermore, a review of the knowledge on the specific locomotor characteristics of birds, whose kinematics are derived from dinosaurs and provide them with both walking and running abilities, is presented. Secondly, many types of bipedal robot solutions are reviewed, which include nature-inspired robots (human-like and birdlike robots) and innovative robots using new heuristic, synthetic ideas for locomotion. Totally 45 robotic solutions are gathered by thebibliographic search method. Atlas was mentioned as one of the most perfect human-like robots, while the birdlike robot cases were Cassie and Digit. Innovative robots are presented, such asslider robot without knees, robots with rotating feet (3 and 4 degrees of freedom), and the hybrid robot Leo, which can walk on surfaces and fly. In particular, the paper describes in detail the robots’ propulsion systems (electric, hydraulic), the structure of the lower limb (serial, parallel, mixed mechanisms), the types and structures of control and sensor systems, and the energy efficiency of the robots. Terrain roughness recognition systems using different sensor systems based on light detection and ranging or multiple cameras are introduced. A comparison of performance, control and sensor systems, drive systems, and achievements of known human-like and birdlike robots is provided. Thirdly, for the first time, the review comments on the future of bipedal robots in relation to the concepts of conventional (natural bipedal) and synthetic unconventional gait. We critically assess and compare prospective directions for further research that involve the development of navigation systems, artificial intelligence, collaboration with humans, areas for the development of bipedal robot applications in everyday life, therapy, and industry.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/s22124440\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/46de3cfe264296b94e770338b96b66875884a9b5\",\n \"result_position\": 43,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 268201708,\n \"title\": \"Learning to walk in confined spaces using 3D representation\",\n \"venue\": \"IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Takahiro Miki\",\n \"Joonho Lee\",\n \"Lorenz Wellhausen\",\n \"Marco Hutter\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Legged robots have the potential to traverse complex terrain and access confined spaces beyond the reach of traditional platforms thanks to their ability to carefully select footholds and flexibly adapt their body posture while walking. However, robust deployment in real-world applications is still an open challenge. In this paper, we present a method for legged locomotion control using reinforcement learning and 3D volumetric representations to enable robust and versatile locomotion in confined and unstructured environments. By employing a two-layer hierarchical policy structure, we exploit the capabilities of a highly robust low-level policy to follow 6D commands and a high-level policy to enable three-dimensional spatial awareness for navigating under overhanging obstacles. Our study includes the development of a procedural terrain generator to create diverse training environments. We present a series of experimental evaluations in both simulation and real-world settings, demonstrating the effectiveness of our approach in controlling a quadruped robot in confined, rough terrain. By achieving this, our work extends the applicability of legged robots to a broader range of scenarios.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/ICRA57147.2024.10610271\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1f519265ddd1edb7adfab150c72f2ccc37804672\",\n \"result_position\": 44,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 259617277,\n \"title\": \"Deep Learning Vision System for Quadruped Robot Gait Pattern Regulation\",\n \"venue\": \"Biomimetics\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Christyan Cruz Ulloa\",\n \"Lourdes Sánchez\",\n \"J. del Cerro\",\n \"A. Barrientos\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Robots with bio-inspired locomotion systems, such as quadruped robots, have recently attracted significant scientific interest, especially those designed to tackle missions in unstructured terrains, such as search-and-rescue robotics. On the other hand, artificial intelligence systems have allowed for the improvement and adaptation of the locomotion capabilities of these robots based on specific terrains, imitating the natural behavior of quadruped animals. The main contribution of this work is a method to adjust adaptive gait patterns to overcome unstructured terrains using the ARTU-R (A1 Rescue Task UPM Robot) quadruped robot based on a central pattern generator (CPG), and the automatic identification of terrain and characterization of its obstacles (number, size, position and superability analysis) through convolutional neural networks for pattern regulation. To develop this method, a study of dog gait patterns was carried out, with validation and adjustment through simulation on the robot model in ROS-Gazebo and subsequent transfer to the real robot. Outdoor tests were carried out to evaluate and validate the efficiency of the proposed method in terms of its percentage of success in overcoming stretches of unstructured terrains, as well as the kinematic and dynamic variables of the robot. The main results show that the proposed method has an efficiency of over 93% for terrain characterization (identification of terrain, segmentation and obstacle characterization) and over 91% success in overcoming unstructured terrains. This work was also compared against main developments in state-of-the-art and benchmark models.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/biomimetics8030289\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9333b91983a66fd0605f7389d87767071496ef4e\",\n \"result_position\": 45,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 258686662,\n \"title\": \"Seeing Through the Grass: Semantic Pointcloud Filter for Support Surface Learning\",\n \"venue\": \"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Anqiao Li\",\n \"Chenyu Yang\",\n \"Jonas Frey\",\n \"Joonho Lee\",\n \"César Cadena\",\n \"Marco Hutter\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Mobile ground robots require perceiving and understanding their surrounding support surface to move around autonomously and safely. The support surface is commonly estimated based on exteroceptive depth measurements, e.g., from LiDARs. However, the measured depth fails to align with the true support surface in the presence of high grass or other penetrable vegetation. In this work, we present the semantic pointcloud filter (SPF), a convolutional neural network (CNN) that learns to adjust LiDAR measurements to align with the underlying support surface. The SPF is trained in a semi-self-supervised manner and takes as an input a LiDAR pointcloud and RGB image. The network predicts a binary segmentation mask that identifies the specific points requiring adjustment, along with estimating their corresponding depth values. To train the segmentation task, 464 distinct images are manually labeled into rigid and non-rigid terrain. The depth estimation task is trained in a self-supervised manner by utilizing the future footholds of the robot to estimate the support surface based on a Gaussian process. Our method can correctly adjust the support surface prior to interacting with the terrain and is extensively tested on the quadruped robot ANYmal. We show the qualitative benefits of SPF in natural environments for elevation mapping and traversability estimation compared to using raw sensor measurements and existing smoothing methods. Quantitative analysis is performed in various natural environments, and an improvement by 48% RMSE is achieved within a meadow terrain.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/LRA.2023.3320016\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/737cc511aebece96921a78a22793cdd2c6267189\",\n \"result_position\": 46,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 12220052,\n \"title\": \"Vision enhanced reactive locomotion control for trotting on rough terrain\",\n \"venue\": \"2013 IEEE Conference on Technologies for Practical Robot Applications (TePRA)\",\n \"year\": 2013,\n \"authors\": [\n \"S. Bazeille\",\n \"V. Barasuol\",\n \"Michele Focchi\",\n \"I. Havoutis\",\n \"M. Frigerio\",\n \"J. Buchli\",\n \"C. Semini\",\n \"D. Caldwell\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/TePRA.2013.6556366\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/55fefb7648933030ce78bf2453573349b3159511\",\n \"result_position\": 47,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":93,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"\nTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan dan mengimplementasikan model pembelajaran berbasis proyek yang dapat meningkatkan keterampilan praktis mahasiswa dalam bidang energi hijau, khususnya melalui mata kuliah elektronika industri. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas pendekatan tersebut dalam membentuk kesiapan kerja mahasiswa, meningkatkan pemahaman teknis, serta membangun kesadaran terhadap keberlanjutan lingkungan secara lebih mendalam. Hal ini menjadi sangat penting mengingat tantangan global yang dihadapi oleh generasi mendatang dalam mengatasi isu perubahan iklim dan pencemaran lingkungan\n"},"query_timestamp":{"kind":"string","value":"2025-05-22T18:14:03.857122+00:00"},"thread_id":{"kind":"string","value":"74454de4a9ebd038ad8d574c732a7c21f3018fce6c495b7f16d7ec1894b4f367"},"num_shown":{"kind":"number","value":11,"string":"11"},"num_clicked":{"kind":"number","value":0,"string":"0"},"has_clicks":{"kind":"bool","value":false,"string":"false"},"shown_papers":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"corpus_id":255721171,"title":"Problem based learning and design thinking methodologies for teaching renewable energy in engineering programs: Implementation in a Colombian university context","venue":"Cogent Engineering","year":2023,"authors":["R. Colmenares-Quintero","Diana M. Caicedo-Concha","N. Rojas","Kim E. Stansfield","J. Colmenares-Quintero"],"abstract":"Abstract The rapid depletion of fossil fuel reserves, population growth, and increasing environmental pollution have forced a change in the search for alternatives to produce and use energy. Currently, renewable energies (RE) have achieved more efficient advances to produce energy from non-conventional and inexhaustible sources, which can meet the basic needs of society and whose environmental impact is a door of opportunities for all. For this reason, academia has a preponderant role in ensuring that engineers are fully equipped with the necessary skills to provide feasible and contextualised solutions for this era of energy transition framed by the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This article explores the impact on the development of the necessary skills for engineers in the renewable energy sector by tracing a route towards the acquisition of renewable energy knowledge with strategically organised work teams of undergraduate students, where two methodologies that are gaining ground in engineering education programs are applied: Problem Based Learning(PBL)and Design thinking (DT).After the validation of these techniques, it is concluded that bringing engineering students closer to real contexts related to renewable energies and above all with an objective of impact on communities, it is the right way to build knowledge in teams, in an immersive and committed way with the institution, which has developed and implemented an innovative pedagogical method based on the application of a critical educational model focused on the development of competencies, where the union of new technologies with the teaching processes on which this research is based is envisioned for the future.","doi":"10.1080/23311916.2022.2164442","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0af082312d19ff64342e379e309fa7b5ea1efed5","result_position":0,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":273379246,"title":"Analyzing Project Outcomes and Students’ Responses of Renewable Energy STEAM Kit","venue":"Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA","year":2024,"authors":["J. Penelitian","Pendidikan Ipa","Lintang Rahmayanti","Sentot Budi Rahardjo","Sukarmin"],"abstract":"Addressing global challenges requires a strong focus on environmental sustainability within educational institutions. This research aims to analyze the project outcome and student’s responses of Renewable Energy STEAM Kit. The study involved 31 students who participated in the learning project using Renewable Energy STEAM Kit. Data was collected through observation to assess the project outcome of learning activities, and survey & interview to gather student’s responses about their experiences from learning activities using Renewable Energy STEAM Kit. Data processing utilized descriptive quantitative methodologies to derive significant insights from the provided data. According to the result, 96.8% of students agreed and strongly agreed that the Renewable Energy STEAM Kit is easy to use, interest, flexible, benefit, and relevant. Only 3.2% of students that disagreed about that statement. The results of this study can be concluded that Renewable Energy STEAM Kit's success in being user-friendly, engaging, flexible, beneficial, and relevant to students' educational experiences and future aspirations.","doi":"10.29303/jppipa.v10i9.8485","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/645e4d33dbda4ef36f97a4c21387c0e70c4869a1","result_position":1,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":44163588,"title":"Project-Based Approach in a First-Year Engineering Course to Promote Project Management and Sustainability","venue":"Int. J. Eng. Pedagog.","year":2018,"authors":["P. Taheri"],"abstract":"To safeguard the environment and satisfy the energy needs of the present, without compromising the ability of future generations to do the same, sustainable energy development is urgently needed. This complex task is riddled with social, political, scientific, technical, and environmental challenges. Education is essential if we are to meet the energy demands of the world in the most sustainable manner available to us. \nLangara College offers a first-year engineering course that is meant to introduce students to engineering design and case studies, in addition to providing a brief glance on the history, ethics, and the different disciplines of engineering (APSC 1010). Using a project-based learning approach that promotes teamwork and research, this course uses a variety of instructional methods including lectures, class discussions, and guest appearances by experts in their fields. Introductions to technical concepts, such as soldering, 3D printing, and microcontroller, are also addressed in this course. \nThis paper demonstrates how this, or similar courses, are optimized to raise awareness of the sustainability issues this planet is facing. Learning outcomes are evaluated using an anonymous student survey which demonstrates how the students’ project-management and presentation skills have improved.","doi":"10.3991/ijep.v8i3.8573","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c0fd61fe1e0365603e71c69dae2d04381c87537c","result_position":2,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":115364277,"title":"Project-based Approach in a First-Year Engineering Course to Promote Project Management and Sustainable Energy Development","venue":"Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA)","year":2018,"authors":["P. Taheri","Csilla Tamás"],"abstract":"To safeguard the environment and satisfy the energy needs of the present, without compromising the ability of future generations to do the same, sustainable energy development is urgently needed. This complex task is riddled with social, political, scientific, technical, and environmental challenges. Education is essential if we are to meet the energy demands of the world in the most sustainable manner available to us. Langara College offers a first-year engineering course that is meant to introduce students to engineering design and case studies, in addition to providing a brief glance on the history, ethics, and the different disciplines of engineering (APSC 1010–Engineering and Technology in Society). This paper demonstrates how this, or similar courses are optimized to raise awareness of the sustainability issues this planet is facing.Using a project-based learning approach that promotes teamwork and research, this course uses a variety of instructional methods including lectures, class discussions, and guest appearances by experts in their fields. Introductions to technical concepts, such as soldering, 3D printing, and microcontroller, are also addressed. The course culminates in a group project in which students are encouraged to select and research an issue on sustainable development. Several topics, which has already been briefly covered by the curriculum, include population, ecosystem, energy, and water.","doi":"10.24908/PCEEA.V0I0.12971","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2c6d3c095e8747ab25ac7ea93b0e6d37845fde03","result_position":3,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":272378908,"title":"USING PROJECT WORK IN TEACHING ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES FOR ENERGY SECTOR","venue":"Bulletin of Alfred Nobel University Series \"Pedagogy and Psychology»","year":2024,"authors":["Nadiia Vilkhovchenko"],"abstract":"This paper aims to investigate the efficacy of project-based learning in teaching English for specific purposes, particularly in technical universities within the energy sector. A number of methods helped to achieve this task. They include establishing the practical value of ESP for the energy sector and designing special methodology and training forms according to the tasks of the discipline. Our approach focuses on developing language skills by applying speaking abilities in practice in real-life situations that can facilitate learning English in a professional context. In this article, we examine two crucial components of project work: role-play and case study. These activities facilitate collaboration, communication, and problem-solving skills. Such kinds of projects help students expand their vocabulary and reinforce its usage in spoken English. Furthermore, presenting their findings and conclusions before their peers and teachers enhances their public speaking and presentation abilities. This paper advocates the use of project-based learning as a powerful tool for creating an immersive and meaningful language-learning experience. It showcases practical scenarios that students can simulate to enhance their learning experience. It also delves into the essential guidelines to ensure the success of this immersive teaching approach. In this paper, we provide a specific case study tailored for students in the energy sector, namely wind power integration in Ukraine. We detail the key stages of the implementation, the aims, and the critical highlights of this methodology. In the initial phase, the instructor should familiarize the students with new vocabulary and terminologies that are relevant to the renewable energy domain. It is recommended that students use industry-specific language in their discussions to augment their comprehension of the domain. This approach will help them build a solid foundation of the terminologies and lingo that are commonly employed in the renewable energy sector. The assignment objective is to provide a detailed and comprehensive overview of wind power as a renewable energy source in Ukraine, its prospects, and its feasibility. To accomplish this task, students must explore the intricacies of the project’s technological challenges, as well as its economic impact and public perception. Furthermore, students must analyse communication strategies that have been utilized to influence public opinion, while considering the potential environmental impacts and anticipating sustainability project outcomes. For students to excel in this assignment, they must conduct thorough research and thoughtfully organize their findings. They must also evaluate all options, consider potential solutions, and justify their choices. Finally, students will be required to present their findings to the class in a polished and engaging manner. The presentation is expected to finish with group discussions. Following presentations and group discussions, students are encouraged to provide constructive feedback to their peers. This activity not only enhances their speaking skills but also promotes active listening and develops communication skills. In conclusion, to augment project work, elements such as role-play and case study methods can be integrated into ESP learning. Conclusions. This approach provides students in the energy sector with valuable insights into the challenges and dynamics of their industry while simultaneously enhancing their speaking skills. Teachers can supplement project work with multimedia resources such as videos, interviews, or documentaries related to the energy sector, which can add variety to the learning process and expose students to different accents and communication styles.","doi":"10.32342/2522-4115-2024-1-27-17","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/70ef45c37ce4d391b6f1e7a15af03858c16fc6de","result_position":4,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":237882350,"title":"Project-Based Learning","venue":"International Journal for Innovation Education and Research","year":2021,"authors":["J. Oliveira","Leonardo Panontim","Vitor Hugo Fonseca","Pedro Gonçalves","D. Napoleão","M. Alcântara"],"abstract":"One of the problems that concerns engineering courses in Brazil is the students low level of motivation in regarding the type of teaching and, as a consequence, low academic performance. This article encourages the introduction of active methods in Engineering teaching, emphasizing the methodologies of Project Based Learning. The approach used was proposing a project for students to analyze important aspects in the production of cylindrical cans. The students applied calculus concepts and developed a model for the optimal dimensions of the cylinder and the utilization of the plates used. Characteristics of two materials used in the manufacture of these cans (tinplate and aluminum) were also gotten. Such aspects are relevant for both environmental sustainability and production costs. Concepts of application of derivatives and Fermat's theorem were used, learned in the discipline of Differential and Integral Calculus, in order to obtain the maximum and minimum values of an established function which relates the dimensions of the can and the amount of material needed. The dimensions obtained theoretically proved to be close to the real values found in cans available on the market. After analyzing the resistance to corrosion, the cost, the decomposition time and the mechanical resistance, it was concluded that the most appropriate material for the production of cans was the tinplate. In this context, teaching with Project Based Learning methodologies may contribute to innovative teaching practices in the training of engineering professionals, overcoming the limitations of traditional teaching methods.","doi":"10.31686/IJIER.VOL9.ISS7.3244","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/185af63e9585e4df31f7c00ef17209bdcf8c92cf","result_position":5,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":114609640,"title":"Building axiological competence of graduate students by means of project-based learning","venue":"","year":2015,"authors":["S. Gilmanshina","I. Gilmanshin"],"abstract":"The article defines the essence of axiological competence, objectives and pedagogical conditions of its formation among the students of graduate program in Biotechnology. The authors provide requirements for energy-saving technologies project-based learning and specify the application of the latter with the view of competence building.","doi":"10.1088/1757-899X/86/1/012029","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/95dfbf2b8450f53e814767c78afa5325887c45ab","result_position":6,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":265625981,"title":"Engineering Design Process (EDP)-Based Learning to Enhance High School Students' Creativity in Alternative Energy Topics","venue":"Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA","year":2023,"authors":["Ujang Sudrajat","Didit Ardianto","A. Permanasari"],"abstract":"The energy issue is one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which is a global development agenda that all countries, including Indonesia, must follow. The curriculum plays a crucial role in enhancing students' energy literacy. It is expected that with the energy literacy possessed by students, they will have a good understanding of energy, which will encourage them to use energy wisely. Additionally, it is hoped that creative ideas from students will emerge to address energy-related problems. Based on this background, this research aims to enhance students' creativity in addressing energy issues. The research method employed is a quantitative research method with a Pretest-Posttest Nonequivalent Control Group Design, which is a form of Quasi Experimental Design. The subjects in this study are twelfth-grade science students (XII MIPA) selected through purposive sampling and divided into two groups, namely the control group and the experimental group. The control group uses a project-based learning model, while the experimental group uses project-based learning based on the engineering design process. The number of samples for the experimental group is 33 students, and for the control group, it is 34 students, making a total of 67 research subjects. The creative thinking skills of students are measured using a descriptive test that includes indicators of creative thinking skills, while student creativity in their products is measured using an assessment sheet for creative products based on presentations and testing of creative products carried out at the end of the learning process. The data analysis results show that there is an improvement in students' creative thinking skills, as indicated by the average N-Gain achievement of 53.3%, falling into the moderate category. Additionally, the creativity of student products in all creative product indicators is rated as highly creative, with an average score of 89. The Mann Whitney U Test results indicate a significant difference in the improvement of creative thinking skills and student creativity in their products","doi":"10.29303/jppipa.v9i11.5248","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7e66a4569be8616ee09c9c01b7408564a8ee0cdd","result_position":7,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":220734726,"title":"Conceptual Model of Technical Sustainability for Integration Into Electrical/Electronic Engineering Programmes in Nigerian Polytechnics","venue":"IEEE Access","year":2020,"authors":["N. Mukhtar","Y. Kamin","M. Saud","Waleed Mugahed Al Rahmi","Mohd Safarin Bin Nordin","M. Arsat","Nor Fadila Mohd Amin","N. Yahaya"],"abstract":"Global warming is probably the greatest threat of this century. Several developed and developing countries have taken important measures to reduce its adverse effects, including greening their Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) curricula. However, Sub Saharan African countries are left behind to that effect, despite the fact that people in these countries are the greatest recipients of the global warming harmful consequences. The goal of this research therefore, is to investigate the suitable competencies in technical sustainability for incorporation into Higher National Diploma electrical/electronic engineering curriculum in Nigeria. The authors used mixed-method approach employing sequential exploratory design in the study. In the qualitative phase, we analyzed documents consisting of 10 journal articles and 3 skills standards, as well as conducted a total of 10 interviews with experts. Also, we carried out 3 rounds of modified Delphi survey using 28 participants to ascertain the appropriateness of the competencies suitable for infusion into the said curriculum. The study discovered competencies suitable for incorporation into the curriculum which include cognitive-related competencies in clean energy, eco-design, and R&D; psychomotor-related competencies in sustainable production, waste-to-energy-technology, communication/ICT, and use of modern engineering software tools; and affective values related to engineering ethical responsibility, occupational health and safety, cooperation/teamwork, and equity. We analyzed only 13 documents, conducted 10 interviews, and administered questionnaires in 3 rounds of Delphi survey technique to 28 experts in only one geo-political zone of the country. Thus, conclusions derived from these sources rely on the genuineness of the information provided by the participants. The findings provided the researchers, accreditation bodies as well as curriculum developers with competencies in technical sustainability in the events of curriculum upgrade or renewal to integrate technical sustainability. The findings are the results of triangulated data elicited theoretically and empirically.","doi":"10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3002579","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f79ffff337a13081cb8ba00db856692abb086062","result_position":8,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":270611644,"title":"Introducing Green, Eco-Friendly Practices and Circular Economy Principles in Vocational Education Through a Novel Analysis-Synthesis Method: Design, Implementation and Evaluation","venue":"International Journal for Research in Vocational Education and Training","year":2024,"authors":["Nikolaos Nikoloudakis","Maria Rangoussi"],"abstract":"Purpose: A novel, Project- and Collaborative Learning-based educational method is proposed, implemented and evaluated in this paper. The aim is to exploit hands-on laboratory modules in Vocational Education in order to experientially introduce students to green, eco-friendly practices and the principles of sustainability and circular economy. Besides their apparent individual and social benefits, such knowledge and skills are also expected to raise qualifications and employability of Vocational Education graduates. \nMethods: The proposed method is tested through a quasi-experimental methodology, via an educational intervention with a class of Vocational Lyceum students, in the field of Electrical and Electronics Engineering. The learning content focuses on the reclaiming and reuse of operational components from damaged electrical/electronic equipment at end-of-life stage. Through repeated Analysis and Synthesis phases, students learn to extract, measure, classify and reuse operational components either to repair similar equipment or to design and construct novel devices. \nResults: Evaluation is carried out via closed and open type activities as well as by observation sheets of the teacher. Learning outcomes are evaluated through knowledge post-tests of the closed type while social/emotional outcomes are evaluated through questionnaires. Evaluation results indicate that the proposed method does produce cognitive and social/emotional skills gains for the students. The development of metacognitive skills and the stimulation of imagination and innovative thinking in the students is also observed by the teacher, but not formally evaluated due to practical constraints. \nConclusions: The proposed method is implemented and pilot-tested with positive results both as to the cognitive and as to the social/emotional domain – yet, these results are of an indicative value, due to the limited scale of the educational intervention. Future research is necessary in order to evaluate the proposed method in extent and possibly compare results across education grades or engineering fields, as the method is generic enough to be easily adaptable for different ages/grades and engineering/technical fields of study. ","doi":"10.13152/ijrvet.11.3.5","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a7a81686555860029baa0d7a697941d8b4ab69ce","result_position":9,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":213964664,"title":"Green skills for electrical engineering students","venue":"Journal of Physics: Conference Series","year":2019,"authors":["N. Nurdiansyah","B. Mulyanti","T. Sucita"],"abstract":"Green skills are the knowledge, skills, abilities, values, and attitudes needed to develop and support efforts to reduce the impact of human activities on the environment for the realization of social, economic and survival. This study aims to identify green skills especially for electrical engineering students and why this is important. In this study literature studies were conducted with documents and articles sought in electronic databases such as Academia, Elsevier, Emeraldinsight, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and ScienceDirect. The findings from the results of this literature study reveal that the importance of green skills for electrical engineering is inseparable because the demand for labor in the renewable energy sector reached 10.35 million in 2017, up 5.3% from the previous year and predicted to continue to rise in the following years. The ability such as renewable energy skill and energy efficiency skill are some of the green skills that are suitable for electrical engineering students. To developing green skills, require effort such as developing a curriculum that is oriented towards environmental sustainability and with the integration of environmental sustainability content through problem-based learning.","doi":"10.1088/1742-6596/1375/1/012086","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1356f18774828263ddc4625a154a37d29dade685","result_position":10,"is_clicked":false}],"string":"[\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 255721171,\n \"title\": \"Problem based learning and design thinking methodologies for teaching renewable energy in engineering programs: Implementation in a Colombian university context\",\n \"venue\": \"Cogent Engineering\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"R. Colmenares-Quintero\",\n \"Diana M. Caicedo-Concha\",\n \"N. Rojas\",\n \"Kim E. Stansfield\",\n \"J. Colmenares-Quintero\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract The rapid depletion of fossil fuel reserves, population growth, and increasing environmental pollution have forced a change in the search for alternatives to produce and use energy. Currently, renewable energies (RE) have achieved more efficient advances to produce energy from non-conventional and inexhaustible sources, which can meet the basic needs of society and whose environmental impact is a door of opportunities for all. For this reason, academia has a preponderant role in ensuring that engineers are fully equipped with the necessary skills to provide feasible and contextualised solutions for this era of energy transition framed by the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This article explores the impact on the development of the necessary skills for engineers in the renewable energy sector by tracing a route towards the acquisition of renewable energy knowledge with strategically organised work teams of undergraduate students, where two methodologies that are gaining ground in engineering education programs are applied: Problem Based Learning(PBL)and Design thinking (DT).After the validation of these techniques, it is concluded that bringing engineering students closer to real contexts related to renewable energies and above all with an objective of impact on communities, it is the right way to build knowledge in teams, in an immersive and committed way with the institution, which has developed and implemented an innovative pedagogical method based on the application of a critical educational model focused on the development of competencies, where the union of new technologies with the teaching processes on which this research is based is envisioned for the future.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/23311916.2022.2164442\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0af082312d19ff64342e379e309fa7b5ea1efed5\",\n \"result_position\": 0,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 273379246,\n \"title\": \"Analyzing Project Outcomes and Students’ Responses of Renewable Energy STEAM Kit\",\n \"venue\": \"Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Penelitian\",\n \"Pendidikan Ipa\",\n \"Lintang Rahmayanti\",\n \"Sentot Budi Rahardjo\",\n \"Sukarmin\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Addressing global challenges requires a strong focus on environmental sustainability within educational institutions. This research aims to analyze the project outcome and student’s responses of Renewable Energy STEAM Kit. The study involved 31 students who participated in the learning project using Renewable Energy STEAM Kit. Data was collected through observation to assess the project outcome of learning activities, and survey & interview to gather student’s responses about their experiences from learning activities using Renewable Energy STEAM Kit. Data processing utilized descriptive quantitative methodologies to derive significant insights from the provided data. According to the result, 96.8% of students agreed and strongly agreed that the Renewable Energy STEAM Kit is easy to use, interest, flexible, benefit, and relevant. Only 3.2% of students that disagreed about that statement. The results of this study can be concluded that Renewable Energy STEAM Kit's success in being user-friendly, engaging, flexible, beneficial, and relevant to students' educational experiences and future aspirations.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.29303/jppipa.v10i9.8485\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/645e4d33dbda4ef36f97a4c21387c0e70c4869a1\",\n \"result_position\": 1,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 44163588,\n \"title\": \"Project-Based Approach in a First-Year Engineering Course to Promote Project Management and Sustainability\",\n \"venue\": \"Int. J. Eng. Pedagog.\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"P. Taheri\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"To safeguard the environment and satisfy the energy needs of the present, without compromising the ability of future generations to do the same, sustainable energy development is urgently needed. This complex task is riddled with social, political, scientific, technical, and environmental challenges. Education is essential if we are to meet the energy demands of the world in the most sustainable manner available to us. \\nLangara College offers a first-year engineering course that is meant to introduce students to engineering design and case studies, in addition to providing a brief glance on the history, ethics, and the different disciplines of engineering (APSC 1010). Using a project-based learning approach that promotes teamwork and research, this course uses a variety of instructional methods including lectures, class discussions, and guest appearances by experts in their fields. Introductions to technical concepts, such as soldering, 3D printing, and microcontroller, are also addressed in this course. \\nThis paper demonstrates how this, or similar courses, are optimized to raise awareness of the sustainability issues this planet is facing. Learning outcomes are evaluated using an anonymous student survey which demonstrates how the students’ project-management and presentation skills have improved.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3991/ijep.v8i3.8573\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c0fd61fe1e0365603e71c69dae2d04381c87537c\",\n \"result_position\": 2,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 115364277,\n \"title\": \"Project-based Approach in a First-Year Engineering Course to Promote Project Management and Sustainable Energy Development\",\n \"venue\": \"Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA)\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"P. Taheri\",\n \"Csilla Tamás\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"To safeguard the environment and satisfy the energy needs of the present, without compromising the ability of future generations to do the same, sustainable energy development is urgently needed. This complex task is riddled with social, political, scientific, technical, and environmental challenges. Education is essential if we are to meet the energy demands of the world in the most sustainable manner available to us. Langara College offers a first-year engineering course that is meant to introduce students to engineering design and case studies, in addition to providing a brief glance on the history, ethics, and the different disciplines of engineering (APSC 1010–Engineering and Technology in Society). This paper demonstrates how this, or similar courses are optimized to raise awareness of the sustainability issues this planet is facing.Using a project-based learning approach that promotes teamwork and research, this course uses a variety of instructional methods including lectures, class discussions, and guest appearances by experts in their fields. Introductions to technical concepts, such as soldering, 3D printing, and microcontroller, are also addressed. The course culminates in a group project in which students are encouraged to select and research an issue on sustainable development. Several topics, which has already been briefly covered by the curriculum, include population, ecosystem, energy, and water.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.24908/PCEEA.V0I0.12971\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2c6d3c095e8747ab25ac7ea93b0e6d37845fde03\",\n \"result_position\": 3,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 272378908,\n \"title\": \"USING PROJECT WORK IN TEACHING ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES FOR ENERGY SECTOR\",\n \"venue\": \"Bulletin of Alfred Nobel University Series \\\"Pedagogy and Psychology»\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Nadiia Vilkhovchenko\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This paper aims to investigate the efficacy of project-based learning in teaching English for specific purposes, particularly in technical universities within the energy sector. A number of methods helped to achieve this task. They include establishing the practical value of ESP for the energy sector and designing special methodology and training forms according to the tasks of the discipline. Our approach focuses on developing language skills by applying speaking abilities in practice in real-life situations that can facilitate learning English in a professional context. In this article, we examine two crucial components of project work: role-play and case study. These activities facilitate collaboration, communication, and problem-solving skills. Such kinds of projects help students expand their vocabulary and reinforce its usage in spoken English. Furthermore, presenting their findings and conclusions before their peers and teachers enhances their public speaking and presentation abilities. This paper advocates the use of project-based learning as a powerful tool for creating an immersive and meaningful language-learning experience. It showcases practical scenarios that students can simulate to enhance their learning experience. It also delves into the essential guidelines to ensure the success of this immersive teaching approach. In this paper, we provide a specific case study tailored for students in the energy sector, namely wind power integration in Ukraine. We detail the key stages of the implementation, the aims, and the critical highlights of this methodology. In the initial phase, the instructor should familiarize the students with new vocabulary and terminologies that are relevant to the renewable energy domain. It is recommended that students use industry-specific language in their discussions to augment their comprehension of the domain. This approach will help them build a solid foundation of the terminologies and lingo that are commonly employed in the renewable energy sector. The assignment objective is to provide a detailed and comprehensive overview of wind power as a renewable energy source in Ukraine, its prospects, and its feasibility. To accomplish this task, students must explore the intricacies of the project’s technological challenges, as well as its economic impact and public perception. Furthermore, students must analyse communication strategies that have been utilized to influence public opinion, while considering the potential environmental impacts and anticipating sustainability project outcomes. For students to excel in this assignment, they must conduct thorough research and thoughtfully organize their findings. They must also evaluate all options, consider potential solutions, and justify their choices. Finally, students will be required to present their findings to the class in a polished and engaging manner. The presentation is expected to finish with group discussions. Following presentations and group discussions, students are encouraged to provide constructive feedback to their peers. This activity not only enhances their speaking skills but also promotes active listening and develops communication skills. In conclusion, to augment project work, elements such as role-play and case study methods can be integrated into ESP learning. Conclusions. This approach provides students in the energy sector with valuable insights into the challenges and dynamics of their industry while simultaneously enhancing their speaking skills. Teachers can supplement project work with multimedia resources such as videos, interviews, or documentaries related to the energy sector, which can add variety to the learning process and expose students to different accents and communication styles.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.32342/2522-4115-2024-1-27-17\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/70ef45c37ce4d391b6f1e7a15af03858c16fc6de\",\n \"result_position\": 4,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 237882350,\n \"title\": \"Project-Based Learning\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal for Innovation Education and Research\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Oliveira\",\n \"Leonardo Panontim\",\n \"Vitor Hugo Fonseca\",\n \"Pedro Gonçalves\",\n \"D. Napoleão\",\n \"M. Alcântara\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"One of the problems that concerns engineering courses in Brazil is the students low level of motivation in regarding the type of teaching and, as a consequence, low academic performance. This article encourages the introduction of active methods in Engineering teaching, emphasizing the methodologies of Project Based Learning. The approach used was proposing a project for students to analyze important aspects in the production of cylindrical cans. The students applied calculus concepts and developed a model for the optimal dimensions of the cylinder and the utilization of the plates used. Characteristics of two materials used in the manufacture of these cans (tinplate and aluminum) were also gotten. Such aspects are relevant for both environmental sustainability and production costs. Concepts of application of derivatives and Fermat's theorem were used, learned in the discipline of Differential and Integral Calculus, in order to obtain the maximum and minimum values of an established function which relates the dimensions of the can and the amount of material needed. The dimensions obtained theoretically proved to be close to the real values found in cans available on the market. After analyzing the resistance to corrosion, the cost, the decomposition time and the mechanical resistance, it was concluded that the most appropriate material for the production of cans was the tinplate. In this context, teaching with Project Based Learning methodologies may contribute to innovative teaching practices in the training of engineering professionals, overcoming the limitations of traditional teaching methods.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.31686/IJIER.VOL9.ISS7.3244\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/185af63e9585e4df31f7c00ef17209bdcf8c92cf\",\n \"result_position\": 5,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 114609640,\n \"title\": \"Building axiological competence of graduate students by means of project-based learning\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2015,\n \"authors\": [\n \"S. Gilmanshina\",\n \"I. Gilmanshin\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The article defines the essence of axiological competence, objectives and pedagogical conditions of its formation among the students of graduate program in Biotechnology. The authors provide requirements for energy-saving technologies project-based learning and specify the application of the latter with the view of competence building.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1088/1757-899X/86/1/012029\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/95dfbf2b8450f53e814767c78afa5325887c45ab\",\n \"result_position\": 6,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 265625981,\n \"title\": \"Engineering Design Process (EDP)-Based Learning to Enhance High School Students' Creativity in Alternative Energy Topics\",\n \"venue\": \"Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ujang Sudrajat\",\n \"Didit Ardianto\",\n \"A. Permanasari\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The energy issue is one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which is a global development agenda that all countries, including Indonesia, must follow. The curriculum plays a crucial role in enhancing students' energy literacy. It is expected that with the energy literacy possessed by students, they will have a good understanding of energy, which will encourage them to use energy wisely. Additionally, it is hoped that creative ideas from students will emerge to address energy-related problems. Based on this background, this research aims to enhance students' creativity in addressing energy issues. The research method employed is a quantitative research method with a Pretest-Posttest Nonequivalent Control Group Design, which is a form of Quasi Experimental Design. The subjects in this study are twelfth-grade science students (XII MIPA) selected through purposive sampling and divided into two groups, namely the control group and the experimental group. The control group uses a project-based learning model, while the experimental group uses project-based learning based on the engineering design process. The number of samples for the experimental group is 33 students, and for the control group, it is 34 students, making a total of 67 research subjects. The creative thinking skills of students are measured using a descriptive test that includes indicators of creative thinking skills, while student creativity in their products is measured using an assessment sheet for creative products based on presentations and testing of creative products carried out at the end of the learning process. The data analysis results show that there is an improvement in students' creative thinking skills, as indicated by the average N-Gain achievement of 53.3%, falling into the moderate category. Additionally, the creativity of student products in all creative product indicators is rated as highly creative, with an average score of 89. The Mann Whitney U Test results indicate a significant difference in the improvement of creative thinking skills and student creativity in their products\",\n \"doi\": \"10.29303/jppipa.v9i11.5248\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7e66a4569be8616ee09c9c01b7408564a8ee0cdd\",\n \"result_position\": 7,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 220734726,\n \"title\": \"Conceptual Model of Technical Sustainability for Integration Into Electrical/Electronic Engineering Programmes in Nigerian Polytechnics\",\n \"venue\": \"IEEE Access\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"N. Mukhtar\",\n \"Y. Kamin\",\n \"M. Saud\",\n \"Waleed Mugahed Al Rahmi\",\n \"Mohd Safarin Bin Nordin\",\n \"M. Arsat\",\n \"Nor Fadila Mohd Amin\",\n \"N. Yahaya\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Global warming is probably the greatest threat of this century. Several developed and developing countries have taken important measures to reduce its adverse effects, including greening their Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) curricula. However, Sub Saharan African countries are left behind to that effect, despite the fact that people in these countries are the greatest recipients of the global warming harmful consequences. The goal of this research therefore, is to investigate the suitable competencies in technical sustainability for incorporation into Higher National Diploma electrical/electronic engineering curriculum in Nigeria. The authors used mixed-method approach employing sequential exploratory design in the study. In the qualitative phase, we analyzed documents consisting of 10 journal articles and 3 skills standards, as well as conducted a total of 10 interviews with experts. Also, we carried out 3 rounds of modified Delphi survey using 28 participants to ascertain the appropriateness of the competencies suitable for infusion into the said curriculum. The study discovered competencies suitable for incorporation into the curriculum which include cognitive-related competencies in clean energy, eco-design, and R&D; psychomotor-related competencies in sustainable production, waste-to-energy-technology, communication/ICT, and use of modern engineering software tools; and affective values related to engineering ethical responsibility, occupational health and safety, cooperation/teamwork, and equity. We analyzed only 13 documents, conducted 10 interviews, and administered questionnaires in 3 rounds of Delphi survey technique to 28 experts in only one geo-political zone of the country. Thus, conclusions derived from these sources rely on the genuineness of the information provided by the participants. The findings provided the researchers, accreditation bodies as well as curriculum developers with competencies in technical sustainability in the events of curriculum upgrade or renewal to integrate technical sustainability. The findings are the results of triangulated data elicited theoretically and empirically.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3002579\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f79ffff337a13081cb8ba00db856692abb086062\",\n \"result_position\": 8,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 270611644,\n \"title\": \"Introducing Green, Eco-Friendly Practices and Circular Economy Principles in Vocational Education Through a Novel Analysis-Synthesis Method: Design, Implementation and Evaluation\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal for Research in Vocational Education and Training\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Nikolaos Nikoloudakis\",\n \"Maria Rangoussi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Purpose: A novel, Project- and Collaborative Learning-based educational method is proposed, implemented and evaluated in this paper. The aim is to exploit hands-on laboratory modules in Vocational Education in order to experientially introduce students to green, eco-friendly practices and the principles of sustainability and circular economy. Besides their apparent individual and social benefits, such knowledge and skills are also expected to raise qualifications and employability of Vocational Education graduates. \\nMethods: The proposed method is tested through a quasi-experimental methodology, via an educational intervention with a class of Vocational Lyceum students, in the field of Electrical and Electronics Engineering. The learning content focuses on the reclaiming and reuse of operational components from damaged electrical/electronic equipment at end-of-life stage. Through repeated Analysis and Synthesis phases, students learn to extract, measure, classify and reuse operational components either to repair similar equipment or to design and construct novel devices. \\nResults: Evaluation is carried out via closed and open type activities as well as by observation sheets of the teacher. Learning outcomes are evaluated through knowledge post-tests of the closed type while social/emotional outcomes are evaluated through questionnaires. Evaluation results indicate that the proposed method does produce cognitive and social/emotional skills gains for the students. The development of metacognitive skills and the stimulation of imagination and innovative thinking in the students is also observed by the teacher, but not formally evaluated due to practical constraints. \\nConclusions: The proposed method is implemented and pilot-tested with positive results both as to the cognitive and as to the social/emotional domain – yet, these results are of an indicative value, due to the limited scale of the educational intervention. Future research is necessary in order to evaluate the proposed method in extent and possibly compare results across education grades or engineering fields, as the method is generic enough to be easily adaptable for different ages/grades and engineering/technical fields of study. \",\n \"doi\": \"10.13152/ijrvet.11.3.5\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a7a81686555860029baa0d7a697941d8b4ab69ce\",\n \"result_position\": 9,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 213964664,\n \"title\": \"Green skills for electrical engineering students\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Physics: Conference Series\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"N. Nurdiansyah\",\n \"B. Mulyanti\",\n \"T. Sucita\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Green skills are the knowledge, skills, abilities, values, and attitudes needed to develop and support efforts to reduce the impact of human activities on the environment for the realization of social, economic and survival. This study aims to identify green skills especially for electrical engineering students and why this is important. In this study literature studies were conducted with documents and articles sought in electronic databases such as Academia, Elsevier, Emeraldinsight, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and ScienceDirect. The findings from the results of this literature study reveal that the importance of green skills for electrical engineering is inseparable because the demand for labor in the renewable energy sector reached 10.35 million in 2017, up 5.3% from the previous year and predicted to continue to rise in the following years. The ability such as renewable energy skill and energy efficiency skill are some of the green skills that are suitable for electrical engineering students. To developing green skills, require effort such as developing a curriculum that is oriented towards environmental sustainability and with the integration of environmental sustainability content through problem-based learning.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1088/1742-6596/1375/1/012086\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1356f18774828263ddc4625a154a37d29dade685\",\n \"result_position\": 10,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":94,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"Select a currently operating company in Nepal and critically assess its strategies at the corporate, business, and functional levels.\nAnswer the following: (60 marks) \na.\tWhat is the company Vision and Mission Statement? Clearly state and explain the company's guiding principles. (5 marks) \nb.\tConduct an external Environment Analysis – Use either PESTLE Analysis or Porter's Five Forces to assess the macro and industry-specific environment. (10 marks)\nc.\tConduct an internal Analysis of the company using Value Chain Analysis or a Functional Analysis to examine the company’s internal strengths and weakness. (10 marks) \nd.\tConsidering the company operations in the last few years, what are the corporate, business and functional level strategies formulated by them? (10 marks) \ne.\tWhat could be various issues in implementing these strategies. Identify key challenges the company faces for strategy implementation. (10 marks) \nf.\tIdentify the corporate structure and analyze if it complements the strategy (5 marks) \ng.\tSuggest the Implementation and Control Measures to identify if the proposed strategy worked or not. (10 marks) \n"},"query_timestamp":{"kind":"string","value":"2025-07-02T08:51:19.157477+00:00"},"thread_id":{"kind":"string","value":"39231c7bbfeaf839a9740a57f6229c2a360ea4272eeb3b6244a8c43dd53469e7"},"num_shown":{"kind":"number","value":7,"string":"7"},"num_clicked":{"kind":"number","value":0,"string":"0"},"has_clicks":{"kind":"bool","value":false,"string":"false"},"shown_papers":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"corpus_id":225667312,"title":"PROCEDURE FOR FORMING AND IMPLEMENTING THE STRATEGY OF ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT","venue":"Three Seas Economic Journal","year":2020,"authors":["K. Malinoshevska"],"abstract":"The purpose of the article shows that formulating a strategy is an important and necessary process because it helps to unite the efforts of many people and, through their coordinated work, achieve the set purposes: how to achieve the goals, what to do and how to direct the efforts of the company and its individual employees determines the strategy of the company. The problems that organizations face and how they can be solved are highly relevant in today's economy. Methodology. A scientific approach to solving problematic issues allows us to model possible situations and avoid negative consequences due to the wrong strategic policy of the organization. The main purpose of this article is to identify methodological approaches to the evaluation of the characteristics, properties of the enterprise development strategy and the introduction of classification strategies based on the performance indicators of enterprises that characterize the effectiveness of their functioning in the market. Results. Changing the environment in which an enterprise operates in a market economy forces the company to adapt to new conditions, that is, to formulate its strategy. Increasing the intensity of production, the maximum use of financial and labor resources, determine the need for new methods and approaches, that is, the strategy of enterprise development. In a competitive market, it is impossible to be successful by providing low-quality services or offering low-quality goods. Before developing business management processes, a functional strategy must be developed. Practical implications. Strategies at any level usually do not have resources or the ability to use resources in such a way as to ensure complete confidence in success. As a result, the final and important criterion is the risk assessment of less than the achievement of strategic goals. Acceptance of unavoidable risks is part of the work of strategists in the modern world, and the ability to clearly articulate the nature and extent of risk is the first step in reducing its impact. If the risk is defined as unacceptable, it is necessary to revise the tasks, changes in concepts, increase resources, or some complex of these actions. Improvement of the regulatory framework of strategic planning should include mechanisms, a number of regulatory documents and bills, the adoption of which will be carried out by the scientific and technological development of enterprises. The proposed specification of factors that influence the choice of strategy, the comparative characteristics of management systems, the proposed ways to increase the set of decision-making rules will help determine the main areas of activity of the enterprise.","doi":"10.30525/2661-5150/2020-1-3","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6a8c28a41d785986d6d0d709e0e7ba04728b23cc","result_position":0,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":270141983,"title":"Strategy Formulation in A Microenterprise: Case Study SEHATEA Ice Tea","venue":"International Journal of Science, Technology & Management","year":2024,"authors":["Mutqi Sopiawadi","Tigin Lugiani"],"abstract":"This research aims to examine and analyze the environmental conditions, conduct a SWOT analysis, and design a strategy formulation and implementation through the EFAS IFAS method. One of the scopes is within the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) of SEHATEA Iced Tea, which has become a new business that is highly sought after by both young people and adults and has high business potential. The qualitative study conducted at Sehatea Iced Tea resulted in a SWOT analysis and matrix that outlines the vision, mission, and strategy. After conducting a SWOT analysis on Sehatea MSMEs in the Subang district, it was found how the external and internal conditions of these Sehatea MSMEs are. Sehatea will face greater opportunities compared to threats, while from the external conditions and the internal conditions of MSMEs, they have more strengths than weaknesses. From the results of the SWOT matrix analysis, the Vision, Mission, strategic objectives, and strategies of Sehatea MSMEs in the Subang district were born, based on the SWOT matrix analysis, the vision is to make Sehatea Iced Tea the No. 1 Iced Tea Brand in Subang at an affordable price. To achieve this vision, Sehatea MSMEs strive to provide products with good quality and affordable prices. To realize the existing vision, a mission is designed, namely, standardized product quality with a halal label, maintaining financial performance, creating product innovation, competent human resources in work, and expanding the network of potential consumer markets and businesses. \n ","doi":"10.46729/ijstm.v5i3.1093","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f4dee7cf51d5af076281f18fc635f893b2e10507","result_position":1,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":259881701,"title":"Proposed Business Growth Strategy for an Advertising Production Company That Penetrates the Small and Medium-Sized Business Market in Jakarta: A Business Case, Rentjana","venue":"Journal of business and management studies","year":2023,"authors":["Hanann Cinthya"],"abstract":"Rentjana, a single-person production house, is facing challenges in the advertising industry, primarily driven by intense competition and declining prices, resulting in reduced profitability and difficulties in acquiring customers. This study aims to analyse the advertising production house ecosystem, trends, and competition, with a focus on identifying challenges, opportunities, and successful business models for Rentjana. The research approach includes qualitative analysis using primary and secondary data sources, employing matrices such as VRIO analysis, value proposition, and the Ansoff matrix. Primary data will be collected through interviews, while secondary data will be obtained from relevant sources. The study proposes offering production packages with a complete concept to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), aiming to enhance their product quality and differentiation through design, branding, production, and material selection. This approach facilitates the development of long-term partnerships, expands networks, and increases revenue for Rentjana. Flexibility in pricing is suggested to provide competitive yet profitable rates, giving Rentjana a distinctive advantage. Implementing lean production techniques will contribute to waste elimination, improved efficiency, employee engagement, and the effective utilisation of technology. The study also seeks to understand the role of online video advertising and address the challenges prevailing in the advertising industry.","doi":"10.32996/jbms.2023.5.4.6","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ab6775041c6dd8e43d53291ee7f38953f179e1da","result_position":2,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":245588645,"title":"Determining Business Strategy of Inspection Companies in Oil and Gas Upstream Business Activities","venue":"IPTEK Journal of Proceedings Series","year":2021,"authors":["Yogi Arie Wibowo","Anak Agung Bagus Dinariyana Dwi Putranta","J. Purnomo"],"abstract":"—Inspection companies supporting upstream oil and gas business activities with multi-owned businesses are demanded to compete and survive in increasingly fierce market competition. Differences in the characteristics and scope of each business unit makes the company encouraged to be more observant in seeing the position rate of development of each business unit. A strategy is needed to ensure the treatment of each of these business units in order to achieve company goals. Identification, clustering and analysis of influencing factors affecting the company business performance are carried out through the stages of collecting secondary and primary data to obtain a follow-up plan for each business unit of the company. We use the real case in one of Indonesian Inspection Company. The method used in this paper is the analysis of strategy formulation in determining business strategies by three stages. First stage IFE (Internal Factors Evaluation) matrix and EFE (External Factor Evaluation) matrix are prepared then follow by IE (Internal External Matrix). Second stage, by assesment the following matrixes, we matched up with SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat) matrix. Finally the final stage is taken by using QSPM (Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix) to determine reliable strategy for inspection company in the upstream oil and gas business activities.","doi":"10.12962/j23546026.y2020i6.11158","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/60f88bb0d263892ccf51f1957cfde74da769c21c","result_position":3,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":235409814,"title":"Corn processed product development strategy in SMES industry in Gorontalo Province (Limboto Lake Flavour Shirmp Corn Stick at SMES Barakati)","venue":"","year":2021,"authors":["A. M. Hasan","A. Halid","Hasdiana"],"abstract":"The objectives of this study are to identify external and internal factors for the barakati IKM, and to analyse the development strategy of limboto lake shrimp flavoured corn sticks carried out by IKM which is located in Barakati Village. The research location is located at IKM Barakati, Barakati Village. the research method uses survey methods and the types and sources of data used are primary data and secondary data. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling technique or deliberate approach and data analysis in the study used SWOT analysis. The results of the study were the factors that influence the development strategy of limboto lake prawn-flavoured corn sticks in Barakati IKM, Barakati Village, Batudaa District, Gorontalo Regency, namely labour (HR), capital (financial resources), marketing of limboto lake shrimp flavoured corn sticks, para. customers and the existence of strong competitors in the world of the food business. The strategy of developing limboto lake shrimp flavoured corn sticks in Barakati Village, Batudaa District, Gorontalo Regency, which is in quadrant I which supports the progressive strategy or SO (strenght - opportunity) by using the strengths and opportunities you have to minimize the weaknesses and threats that exist so as to achieve progress.","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/782/2/022034","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ef5e8c4387b155ea764b0e99d3178204e522ade1","result_position":4,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":231662580,"title":"SWOT Analysis on Credit Guarantee Business Sector in Indonesia: A Study from Jamkrindo","venue":"","year":2020,"authors":["V. Putri","D. Tasya","Ajeng Rahayu"],"abstract":"This study aims to describe the company external and internal environment using SWOT Analysis in credit guarantee sector. We took Perum Jamkrindo as a sample for our research. Perum Jamkrindo is one of the SOE in Indonesia that established under constitution no. 1/2016 on January 19, 2016, concerning guarantee. This research used a qualitative and quantitative approach, with descriptive method. Perum Jamkrindo position is in Progressive Quadrant I with strengthweakness total is 1.377 and threat-opportunity total is 0.649. This SWOT Analysis also produces an alternative strategy focus, that is the SO Strategy. The implementation of this paper is the company might hold or maintain the product innovation strategies. Also, branch mapping to seek the potential branch, improving serving quality to partners, and integrating IT systems for the effectiveness of the company's business.","doi":"10.18178/joebm.2020.8.3.629","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0a3211d8d337e6f857f10d78def7ad1a06456529","result_position":5,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":17269356,"title":"The Corporate Strategic Planning Process","venue":"","year":1984,"authors":["Arnoldo C. Hax","Nicholas S. Majluf"],"abstract":"Described below is an approach to develop a formal corporate strategic planning process in a business firm. Three levels of planning are recognized: corporate, business, and functional. A methodology is presented suggesting the tasks that have to be performed at each level leading toward the formulation of strategies, programs, and budgets. Examples are offered to illustrate the applicability of this methodology.","doi":"10.1287/INTE.14.1.47","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/321f6b2498e32b8e32b02ccfe1956febe1a36cab","result_position":6,"is_clicked":false}],"string":"[\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 225667312,\n \"title\": \"PROCEDURE FOR FORMING AND IMPLEMENTING THE STRATEGY OF ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT\",\n \"venue\": \"Three Seas Economic Journal\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"K. Malinoshevska\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The purpose of the article shows that formulating a strategy is an important and necessary process because it helps to unite the efforts of many people and, through their coordinated work, achieve the set purposes: how to achieve the goals, what to do and how to direct the efforts of the company and its individual employees determines the strategy of the company. The problems that organizations face and how they can be solved are highly relevant in today's economy. Methodology. A scientific approach to solving problematic issues allows us to model possible situations and avoid negative consequences due to the wrong strategic policy of the organization. The main purpose of this article is to identify methodological approaches to the evaluation of the characteristics, properties of the enterprise development strategy and the introduction of classification strategies based on the performance indicators of enterprises that characterize the effectiveness of their functioning in the market. Results. Changing the environment in which an enterprise operates in a market economy forces the company to adapt to new conditions, that is, to formulate its strategy. Increasing the intensity of production, the maximum use of financial and labor resources, determine the need for new methods and approaches, that is, the strategy of enterprise development. In a competitive market, it is impossible to be successful by providing low-quality services or offering low-quality goods. Before developing business management processes, a functional strategy must be developed. Practical implications. Strategies at any level usually do not have resources or the ability to use resources in such a way as to ensure complete confidence in success. As a result, the final and important criterion is the risk assessment of less than the achievement of strategic goals. Acceptance of unavoidable risks is part of the work of strategists in the modern world, and the ability to clearly articulate the nature and extent of risk is the first step in reducing its impact. If the risk is defined as unacceptable, it is necessary to revise the tasks, changes in concepts, increase resources, or some complex of these actions. Improvement of the regulatory framework of strategic planning should include mechanisms, a number of regulatory documents and bills, the adoption of which will be carried out by the scientific and technological development of enterprises. The proposed specification of factors that influence the choice of strategy, the comparative characteristics of management systems, the proposed ways to increase the set of decision-making rules will help determine the main areas of activity of the enterprise.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.30525/2661-5150/2020-1-3\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6a8c28a41d785986d6d0d709e0e7ba04728b23cc\",\n \"result_position\": 0,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 270141983,\n \"title\": \"Strategy Formulation in A Microenterprise: Case Study SEHATEA Ice Tea\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Science, Technology & Management\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Mutqi Sopiawadi\",\n \"Tigin Lugiani\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This research aims to examine and analyze the environmental conditions, conduct a SWOT analysis, and design a strategy formulation and implementation through the EFAS IFAS method. One of the scopes is within the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) of SEHATEA Iced Tea, which has become a new business that is highly sought after by both young people and adults and has high business potential. The qualitative study conducted at Sehatea Iced Tea resulted in a SWOT analysis and matrix that outlines the vision, mission, and strategy. After conducting a SWOT analysis on Sehatea MSMEs in the Subang district, it was found how the external and internal conditions of these Sehatea MSMEs are. Sehatea will face greater opportunities compared to threats, while from the external conditions and the internal conditions of MSMEs, they have more strengths than weaknesses. From the results of the SWOT matrix analysis, the Vision, Mission, strategic objectives, and strategies of Sehatea MSMEs in the Subang district were born, based on the SWOT matrix analysis, the vision is to make Sehatea Iced Tea the No. 1 Iced Tea Brand in Subang at an affordable price. To achieve this vision, Sehatea MSMEs strive to provide products with good quality and affordable prices. To realize the existing vision, a mission is designed, namely, standardized product quality with a halal label, maintaining financial performance, creating product innovation, competent human resources in work, and expanding the network of potential consumer markets and businesses. \\n \",\n \"doi\": \"10.46729/ijstm.v5i3.1093\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f4dee7cf51d5af076281f18fc635f893b2e10507\",\n \"result_position\": 1,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 259881701,\n \"title\": \"Proposed Business Growth Strategy for an Advertising Production Company That Penetrates the Small and Medium-Sized Business Market in Jakarta: A Business Case, Rentjana\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of business and management studies\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Hanann Cinthya\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Rentjana, a single-person production house, is facing challenges in the advertising industry, primarily driven by intense competition and declining prices, resulting in reduced profitability and difficulties in acquiring customers. This study aims to analyse the advertising production house ecosystem, trends, and competition, with a focus on identifying challenges, opportunities, and successful business models for Rentjana. The research approach includes qualitative analysis using primary and secondary data sources, employing matrices such as VRIO analysis, value proposition, and the Ansoff matrix. Primary data will be collected through interviews, while secondary data will be obtained from relevant sources. The study proposes offering production packages with a complete concept to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), aiming to enhance their product quality and differentiation through design, branding, production, and material selection. This approach facilitates the development of long-term partnerships, expands networks, and increases revenue for Rentjana. Flexibility in pricing is suggested to provide competitive yet profitable rates, giving Rentjana a distinctive advantage. Implementing lean production techniques will contribute to waste elimination, improved efficiency, employee engagement, and the effective utilisation of technology. The study also seeks to understand the role of online video advertising and address the challenges prevailing in the advertising industry.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.32996/jbms.2023.5.4.6\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ab6775041c6dd8e43d53291ee7f38953f179e1da\",\n \"result_position\": 2,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 245588645,\n \"title\": \"Determining Business Strategy of Inspection Companies in Oil and Gas Upstream Business Activities\",\n \"venue\": \"IPTEK Journal of Proceedings Series\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yogi Arie Wibowo\",\n \"Anak Agung Bagus Dinariyana Dwi Putranta\",\n \"J. Purnomo\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"—Inspection companies supporting upstream oil and gas business activities with multi-owned businesses are demanded to compete and survive in increasingly fierce market competition. Differences in the characteristics and scope of each business unit makes the company encouraged to be more observant in seeing the position rate of development of each business unit. A strategy is needed to ensure the treatment of each of these business units in order to achieve company goals. Identification, clustering and analysis of influencing factors affecting the company business performance are carried out through the stages of collecting secondary and primary data to obtain a follow-up plan for each business unit of the company. We use the real case in one of Indonesian Inspection Company. The method used in this paper is the analysis of strategy formulation in determining business strategies by three stages. First stage IFE (Internal Factors Evaluation) matrix and EFE (External Factor Evaluation) matrix are prepared then follow by IE (Internal External Matrix). Second stage, by assesment the following matrixes, we matched up with SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat) matrix. Finally the final stage is taken by using QSPM (Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix) to determine reliable strategy for inspection company in the upstream oil and gas business activities.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.12962/j23546026.y2020i6.11158\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/60f88bb0d263892ccf51f1957cfde74da769c21c\",\n \"result_position\": 3,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 235409814,\n \"title\": \"Corn processed product development strategy in SMES industry in Gorontalo Province (Limboto Lake Flavour Shirmp Corn Stick at SMES Barakati)\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. M. Hasan\",\n \"A. Halid\",\n \"Hasdiana\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The objectives of this study are to identify external and internal factors for the barakati IKM, and to analyse the development strategy of limboto lake shrimp flavoured corn sticks carried out by IKM which is located in Barakati Village. The research location is located at IKM Barakati, Barakati Village. the research method uses survey methods and the types and sources of data used are primary data and secondary data. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling technique or deliberate approach and data analysis in the study used SWOT analysis. The results of the study were the factors that influence the development strategy of limboto lake prawn-flavoured corn sticks in Barakati IKM, Barakati Village, Batudaa District, Gorontalo Regency, namely labour (HR), capital (financial resources), marketing of limboto lake shrimp flavoured corn sticks, para. customers and the existence of strong competitors in the world of the food business. The strategy of developing limboto lake shrimp flavoured corn sticks in Barakati Village, Batudaa District, Gorontalo Regency, which is in quadrant I which supports the progressive strategy or SO (strenght - opportunity) by using the strengths and opportunities you have to minimize the weaknesses and threats that exist so as to achieve progress.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1088/1755-1315/782/2/022034\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ef5e8c4387b155ea764b0e99d3178204e522ade1\",\n \"result_position\": 4,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 231662580,\n \"title\": \"SWOT Analysis on Credit Guarantee Business Sector in Indonesia: A Study from Jamkrindo\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"V. Putri\",\n \"D. Tasya\",\n \"Ajeng Rahayu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This study aims to describe the company external and internal environment using SWOT Analysis in credit guarantee sector. We took Perum Jamkrindo as a sample for our research. Perum Jamkrindo is one of the SOE in Indonesia that established under constitution no. 1/2016 on January 19, 2016, concerning guarantee. This research used a qualitative and quantitative approach, with descriptive method. Perum Jamkrindo position is in Progressive Quadrant I with strengthweakness total is 1.377 and threat-opportunity total is 0.649. This SWOT Analysis also produces an alternative strategy focus, that is the SO Strategy. The implementation of this paper is the company might hold or maintain the product innovation strategies. Also, branch mapping to seek the potential branch, improving serving quality to partners, and integrating IT systems for the effectiveness of the company's business.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.18178/joebm.2020.8.3.629\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0a3211d8d337e6f857f10d78def7ad1a06456529\",\n \"result_position\": 5,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 17269356,\n \"title\": \"The Corporate Strategic Planning Process\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 1984,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Arnoldo C. Hax\",\n \"Nicholas S. Majluf\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Described below is an approach to develop a formal corporate strategic planning process in a business firm. Three levels of planning are recognized: corporate, business, and functional. A methodology is presented suggesting the tasks that have to be performed at each level leading toward the formulation of strategies, programs, and budgets. Examples are offered to illustrate the applicability of this methodology.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1287/INTE.14.1.47\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/321f6b2498e32b8e32b02ccfe1956febe1a36cab\",\n \"result_position\": 6,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":95,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"can you help me find a paper of Greenberg as a first author from about 2008-2014 that support the claim that the ability to be in touch with emotional experiences, to portray them in words and to give them meaning, as a result of treatment, has been found to effectively predict improvement in mental well-being.\n"},"query_timestamp":{"kind":"string","value":"2025-06-27T21:19:32.967653+00:00"},"thread_id":{"kind":"string","value":"a5d7388806ed12d80011a6ed557dd975beb26700afc70708c57b2103aae6de7f"},"num_shown":{"kind":"number","value":21,"string":"21"},"num_clicked":{"kind":"number","value":0,"string":"0"},"has_clicks":{"kind":"bool","value":false,"string":"false"},"shown_papers":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"corpus_id":149489915,"title":"The PATHS Curriculum: Promoting emotional literacy, prosocial behavior, and caring classrooms","venue":"","year":2012,"authors":["M. 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In the current study, 64 educators completed self-report measures of mindfulness, burnout, affect, sleep-related impairment, daily physical symptoms, stress, and ambition. Results of cross-sectional analyses indicated that educators’ mindfulness had strong, consistent negative associations with three widely-studied components of burnout: emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation, and low personal accomplishment. The link between mindfulness and burnout was partially explained by affect, sleep-related impairment, and daily physical symptoms. In addition, the protective effect of mindfulness was most pronounced among more stressed and more ambitious educators. This study adds to accumulating evidence that mindfulness promotes resilience in educators and may foster healthy educators, classrooms, and students.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.53841/bpsper.2013.37.2.57\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/207b8519790de110296697694631f76635840a24\",\n \"result_position\": 17,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 144464635,\n \"title\": \"Mindfulness-Based Interventions in School Settings: An Introduction to the Special Issue\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2013,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Frank\",\n \"Patricia A. Jennings\",\n \"M. Greenberg\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/15427609.2013.818480\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/27e68423d335dfbab5517f33441a754c45176175\",\n \"result_position\": 18,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 148808202,\n \"title\": \"A Daily Dose of CALM: Supporting Middle School Educators' Wellbeing and Classroom Functioning through a Brief Stress Reduction Intervention.\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2014,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Alexis R. Harris\",\n \"Patricia A. Jennings\",\n \"R. Abenavoli\",\n \"Deirdre A Katz\",\n \"M. Greenberg\",\n \"Deborah L. Schussler\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/15d2e917572ea81f16c04b4d4e2f0d812e8ed369\",\n \"result_position\": 19,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 157890627,\n \"title\": \"Dissemination of paths in croatia: a research and implementation model\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2011,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Bašić Josipa\",\n \"M. Greenberg\",\n \"C. Domitrovich\",\n \"J. Mihić\",\n \"M. Novak\",\n \"Sonja Grozić Živolić\",\n \"D. Roviš\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4ff271e5aef4d4cbe86627750b7d6494c7938cff\",\n \"result_position\": 20,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":96,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"Created by the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC), the IR Framework seeks to improve the quality of information accessible to stakeholders, facilitating more effective and efficient capital allocation. At its essence, IR highlights the interrelation of multiple elements that influence an organization's capacity to generate value over time. "},"query_timestamp":{"kind":"string","value":"2025-05-26T23:15:12.086233+00:00"},"thread_id":{"kind":"string","value":"ca764179dd672924b67aece207d611a61ca619278857a78fb797288a0921ce9f"},"num_shown":{"kind":"number","value":75,"string":"75"},"num_clicked":{"kind":"number","value":3,"string":"3"},"has_clicks":{"kind":"bool","value":true,"string":"true"},"shown_papers":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"corpus_id":219499566,"title":"Does Corporate Governance Affect the Quality of Integrated Reporting?","venue":"Sustainability","year":2020,"authors":["T. Cooray","A. Gunarathne","S. Senaratne"],"abstract":"This study examines how governance mechanisms affect the quality of integrated reporting (IR), which is fast emerging both as a tool to help firms understand their value creation process and to communicate effectively with external stakeholders. This study first developed an index to assess the quality of integrated reports. Subsequently, 132 integrated reports of Sri Lankan public listed companies selected over a three-year period were content analysed. The hypotheses formulated on the relationship between corporate governance and the quality of IR based on the agency theory were analysed using multivariate linear regression and panel regression. The results show that there is limited support from the corporate governance system for providing quality information to stakeholders on the value creation process through IR, except for board size and the availability of a separate risk management committee. This is the result of the heavy emphasis of corporate governance requirements and the resulting mechanisms of Sri Lankan companies on mandatory corporate reporting requirements compared to a voluntary reporting model such as IR. Since many corporate governance aspects are meant to fulfill mandatory reporting requirements, the results imply that the directors have given limited attention to providing quality information through voluntary disclosure practices such as IR, although they use resources to prepare integrated reports.","doi":"10.3390/su12104262","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b15ce3b69ff9fe30517b395d9db203ef07ead771","result_position":0,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":268339473,"title":"The Value Creation Model in Integrated Reporting: Evidence from Poland","venue":"EUROPEAN RESEARCH STUDIES JOURNAL","year":2023,"authors":["Bogusława Bek-Gaik","Anna Surowiec"],"abstract":": Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to identify and evaluate the approach and the quality of disclosures on value creation in integrated reports published by Polish companies. The article attempts to determine how practitioners understand and explain the concept of value creation. The study examines the integrated reporting practice of Polish companies to provide insight into the current status of value creation disclosures . Design/methodology/approach: The quantitative and qualitative content analysis of value creation model disclosures in integrated reporting was performed. The quality of disclosures was assessed based on reports published by 31 capital groups between 2013-2021. A case study analysis of value creation disclosures was conducted based on the reports published for the year 2021, by 24 capital groups. The content analysis of integrated reports was conducted according to the following areas: background (motivations, objectives, beneficiaries, responsible persons, CEO’s commitment, reporting standards), assurance and reliability (audit, verification, acknowledgments and awards), form of publishing, and content elements (distinguishing organizational overview and external environment, governance, business model, risks and opportunities, strategy and resource allocation, performance, outlook, capitals, KPIs, value-creation process). The article uses the results of literature studies on the subject, the results of previous research, and observations of business practice in the area of integrated reporting. Findings: The findings reveal a definitely diverse approach of companies to disclosures in the field of value creation. In most cases, the value creation model is treated as a business model, however, some companies present these two categories separately, devoting separate chapters to both issues in integrated reports. Companies using the capital approach briefly present individual capitals with a classic division into manufactured, social, natural, intellectual, financial and human capital. The analysis also revealed a large variation in the reporting of indicators describing the effectiveness of individual capitals. It can be observed a subjective treatment of indicators and their incomplete reporting, as well as references to GRI indicators. Hence,","doi":"10.35808/ersj/3215","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/58e483d9435a367ded8ccf48d52bd73a4052a741","result_position":1,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":55740508,"title":"Does the market reward integrated report quality","venue":"","year":2018,"authors":["Simona Cosma","M. Soana","A. Venturelli"],"abstract":"Although some studies show the benefits of adopting integrated reporting (IR), its real value has not yet been sufficiently investigated. As integrated reporting development implies high costs for the company, the management has to evaluate the economic advantage of such investment. This study aims to establish whether a high quality IR influences firm market value. Specifically, we investigate whether shareholders take into account the good quality disclosure provided by IR in their investment assessments and reward the outstanding firms. We proxy high quality disclosure by the awards assigned to IRs published by a sample of South African listed companies for the period 2013 to 2016. Using event study methodology, we found out that the stock market reacts positively to award announcements, the value attributed by shareholders to the quality of IR is persistent, grows over time and is particularly high in non-financial companies. This evidence should encourage managers to invest in improving IR disclosure quality. \n \n Key words: Integrated reporting, corporate social responsibility, market value, disclosure quality, event study, shareholder.","doi":"10.5897/AJBM2017.8469","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3892fd15577aa705e107f774e0f85254cd07572e","result_position":2,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":245951549,"title":"Forward-looking Disclosures in Integrated Reporting: Evidence from Poland","venue":"EUROPEAN RESEARCH STUDIES JOURNAL","year":2021,"authors":["Bogusława Bek-Gaik","Anna Surowiec"],"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to identify and evaluate forward-looking disclosures in integrated reports published by Polish companies. The article uses the results of literature studies on the subject, the results of previous research, and observations of business practice in the area of integrated reporting. Design/Methodology/Approach: The quantitative and qualitative content analysis of forward-looking disclosures in integrated reporting was performed in order to assess the current status of integrated reports prepared by Polish companies. The analysis covered 73 integrated reports prepared in the years 2016-2019. Findings: The findings proved that most of the items of future disclosures has the nature of qualitative narrations regarding strategy, information on growth opportunities, industry or market risk, environmental risk, while less attention was paid to investment projects, product research and development plans and financial risk; the analysis also indicated the level of association between current company financial performance and the quality of forwardlooking disclosure of integrated reporting. Practical Implications: The results of the study complement the research gap of current literature on integrated reporting and forward-looking disclosures in Polish practice. Originality/Value: The research presented in the article contributes to the current literature on integrated reporting by identifying the level of forward-looking disclosures in the examined integrated reports and is aimed at presenting a critical interpretative perspective. The findings of the research may provide the basis for proposing the use of different tools (such as management accounting tools e.g. balanced scorecard (BSC)) for the development and presentation of forward-looking disclosures.","doi":"10.35808/ersj/2824","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/977bf31941bb0f596d1f77de7962340b3346aff5","result_position":3,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":233805505,"title":"Integrated Reporting: Its Benefits, International Framework and Quality Evaluation","venue":"Journal of Economics and Public Finance","year":2021,"authors":["Rongxue Jin"],"abstract":"This article gives an explanation of the major objectives and crucial benefits of integrated reporting (IR). In addition, it describes the Guiding Principle “Stakeholder Relationships” and Content Element “Risks and Opportunities” of The International Framework, which is followed by the demonstration on how each of them supports the attainment of those benefits. Finally, this article critically chooses the 2016 annual report of Hyundai Motor Company as an example, evaluates the quality of report and examines its IR practice by assessing whether this company applies the selected Guiding Principle and Content Element effectively to help achieve major benefits of IR. The research method comprises the establishment of evaluation criteria and content analysis of annual reports.","doi":"10.22158/JEPF.V7N2P47","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9405cd451115bc7ba13de8a596da1677a61de3db","result_position":4,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":246577004,"title":"The Role of Integrated Reporting in Enhancing Corporate Transparency and Communication","venue":"Business Ethics and Leadership","year":2021,"authors":["Marcel Mock","Nicolás Gonzálvez-Gallego","Stefan Razik"],"abstract":"The primary purpose of the research is to analyze and evaluate the prospects for the success of Integrated Reporting in terms of its potential to increase corporate transparency and enhance corporate communication. The relevance of the decision of this scientific problem is that the European Union published a proposal for the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive in April 2021 that highlights the importance of intangible assets and value creation. The Directive serves to ensure companies provide consistent and comparable sustainability information. In this context, it places sustainable reporting on par with financial reporting. Systematization of the literary sources and approaches indicates that company reports developed from a financial perspective over the triple bottom line sustainability approach to an integrated approach. Moreover, stakeholders are increasingly demanding more information. Reducing information asymmetries has always been an essential task of company reports. Consequently, the primary purpose of this research is to identify whether Integrated Reporting, according to The International Integrated Reporting Framework, is a successful tool to enhance corporate transparency and communication. Integrated Reporting presents financial and non-financial information against the background of their contribution to value creation. Methodological tools of the research are a research synthesis and meta-analysis literature review. These instruments are developed and enriched using document analysis and systematic content analysis. The research findings suggest that integrated reports enhance transparency and communication, leading to more trust and resilience. Moreover, the results indicate that the principle-oriented framework and the Guiding Principle Materiality enable companies to respond to their specific characteristics to meet the stakeholders’ requirements. The research empirically confirms and theoretically proves that Integrated Reporting can be seen as a suitable instrument for creating greater transparency, thus, a further development step in corporate reporting and communication. Integrated Reporting should therefore not be understood exclusively as a separate reporting tool but rather as a holistic management approach to implement integrated corporate management. The research results are beneficial for academic researchers and practitioners since the research provides an insightful and comprehensive overview of Integrated Reporting. Furthermore, it is also possible to derive practical recommendations for the application of Integrated Reporting.","doi":"10.21272/bel.5(4).76-89.2021","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9ac608b80363ffb5cedcec8551b8a30d9c68d74d","result_position":5,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":168829813,"title":"The effect of integrated reporting on integrated thinking between risk, opportunity and strategy and the disclosure of risks and opportunities","venue":"Southern African Business Review","year":2019,"authors":["J. Moolman","M. Oberholzer","M. Steyn"],"abstract":"Integrated reporting requires a new form of disclosure to provide a holistic view of the organisation and aims to support integrated thinking, decision-making and actions that focus on the creation of value. The International Integrated Reporting Framework (IIRC 2013b) provides guidelines for the content elements required in an integrated report. One of the content elements is ‘risks and opportunities’. This study firstly assessed whether integrated reporting has enhanced integrated thinking between strategy and the risks and opportunities faced by the organisation. For this purpose, a web-based research questionnaire was sent to high-level implementers of integrated reporting at companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) in South Africa, where integrated reporting is a listing requirement. The results of the study provide new insights for companies preparing integrated reports, as well as other stakeholders, which show that integrated reporting has driven change towards integrated thinking between strategy, risks and opportunities. Secondly, a content analysis was done on a sample derived from the top 100 companies listed on the JSE to determine whether integrated reporting has brought about a change in the disclosure of risks and opportunities. The results provide new research findings and indicate that most companies conform to the disclosure requirements noted in the International Framework (IIRC 2013b) regarding risks and opportunities except for disclosures relating to the assessment of specific risks. The content analysis further found that integrated reporting has driven limited change in the disclosure of risks and opportunities.","doi":"10.25159/1998-8125/6065","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/16f9fc9ef2341daf84e3b5ae19c0cb7f4f35d87f","result_position":6,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":259141537,"title":"Towards the Voluntary Adoption of Integrated Reporting: Drivers, Barriers, and Practices","venue":"Administrative Sciences","year":2023,"authors":["Cecília Carmo","Inês Correia","J. Leite","Amélia Carvalho"],"abstract":"Integrated reporting is essentially a voluntary practice worldwide. For this reason, although it is growing, its diffusion is slow. Based on the Portuguese context, where a reduced number of listed companies publish integrated reports, this study aims to explore the drivers and barriers for the voluntary adoption of integrated reporting and the reporting practices up to the production of an integrated report. To this end, an analytical framework based on the Diffusion of Innovation Theory was developed and applied to data collected from a survey and corporate reports from both “adopters” and “non-adopters”. The evidence collected suggests that the adoption of integrated reporting may be driven by the perception of a relative advantage over traditional reporting in terms of providing more relevant information to capital providers, particularly banks. The publication of an integrated report appears to be the result of a process of incremental improvements in the practice of disclosure and assurance of non-financial information, so that the previous experience with sustainability reporting is also an important driver for voluntary integrated reporting. Finally, companies may be differently prepared for transition to integrated reporting and, therefore, have different perceptions of its cost and complexity, which may act as a barrier.","doi":"10.3390/admsci13060148","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6847a243c5fdf9f87b778e25134c588bd15006d7","result_position":7,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":236678950,"title":"FORMATION OF INTEGRATED REPORTING IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT","venue":"","year":2021,"authors":["O. Luhova","Tetiana Pisochenko"],"abstract":"The purpose of the paper is to theoretically justify the preparation of integrated reporting, the influence of sustainable development ideas on the formation of the concept of integrated reporting, the problems of its creation and implementation in the practice of organizations. Methodology. The methodological and theoretical basis of the study was made up of the works of scientists and specialists in corporate reporting and sustainable development; frameworks, instructive and methodological materials for the formation of integrated reporting. We used general scientific methods of cognition such as comparison, analysis and synthesis, generalization, systematization, historical and logical methods. Results. Information deficiency arising from the formation of exclusively financial statements stimulates the emergence of integrated reporting. Non-financial reporting (social, environmental, etc.) provides useful information but does not reflect the relationship between different aspects of the company’s activities and its results, which does not contribute to understanding its ability to create value over time. The constant trend of companies to sustainable development involves the study of issues of formation of integrated reporting as a tool for building a sustainable business. The integrated report aims to provide an insight into the company’s resources and relationships that are known as the capitals and how the company interacts with the external environment and the capitals to create value. Key indicators of sustainability reporting, which should be reflected in integrated reporting, are grouped into three components: economic, environmental, and social. They are based on an assessment of the value of business and the value of capitals. Companies interested in implementing integrated reporting face a number of challenges, beginning with the fact that no globally accepted framework specifying what goes into an integrated report exists. But there are a growing number of examples of integrated reports from which companies can learn. Practical implications. This is an explanatory research to come with conceptual paper cited with recent literature for understanding the impact of sustainable development ideas on the emergence of integrated reporting. Despite the long list of internal and external challenges, the list of drivers contains a wide range of business advantages. Value/originality. Integrated reporting is a powerful tool for transparency and information openness of the company, which contributes to the sustainability of the business. Integrated reporting can become a tool for building a sustainable business for a company. In the process of its implementation and formation, the issues of the need to transform the company’s management system, strengthen control over the solution of environmental and social problems, study and improve the company’s business strategy should be resolved.","doi":"10.30525/2256-0742/2021-7-2-129-138","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4e6824f32f60284c92509e07fa9dbfa2a5b4f469","result_position":8,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":239188901,"title":"Structure of Integrated Reporting, Voluntary Disclosure and Firm-Specific Characteristics in Saudi Arabian Companies","venue":"International journal of business management","year":2021,"authors":["Mohammad Hariri"],"abstract":"The present study aims towards three research purposes. Firstly, it intends to reveal the pattern that associates the elements of the Integrated Reporting (IR) of companies listed on the Saudi Arabian Stock Exchange (Tadawul). Secondly, it verifies the existence of a relationship between IR practices and some firm-specific characteristics. Third, it examines the similarities between the IR practices of these companies. IR communicates how an organization's strategy, governance, performance, and prospects lead to value creation. The dataset used for the IR elements is retrieved from Tadawul and consists of data regarding integrated reports for 126 companies listed in 2019; while the data for the firm-specific characteristics, as the size of the company, the auditor type and the type of company are extracted from Marketscreener.com and Argaam.com portals. The methodology used consists of the empirical-analytical approach with the use of Optimal Scaling techniques. Main findings consist of a positive association found between the elements of the IR, as well as that the specific characteristics of the firms are not related to the elements of the IR. In our results a dissimilarity is found in the corporate information disclosure practices. These findings reveal a need for a deep investigation of the IR elements and firm characteristics in Saudi Arabian companies. One of the future research direction is a multilinear data for various years such that can reveal a more comprehensive understanding of IR elements and firm characteristics. This study becomes relevant in the context of IR elements and firm characteristics relations, that are not yet studies at their research potential.","doi":"10.5539/ijbm.v16n10p73","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fdbe5c429fea18a4e84bb9db7aa90b1f0c78b515","result_position":9,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":158997890,"title":"Integrated reporting decision usefulness: Mainstream equity market views","venue":"Accounting forum","year":2018,"authors":["R. Slack","Ioannis Tsalavoutas"],"abstract":"Highlights • Interviews with 22 mainstream UK equity market actors.• Despite institutional support, demand for, and decision-usefulness of, by equity market actors is low.• Low level of discourse within equity market and between users.• Concerns over the Framework and reporting comparability and consistency.• Lack of mandatory compliance and assurance further militates against use. Abstract The International Integrated Reporting () Framework (2013) identified providers of financial capital as its primary users. This research provides evidence from 22 mainstream equity market actors, employed by global investment houses, regarding the decision usefulness of and resistances to , as a reporting framework. Despite institutional-level support for , the interviews reveal that its usefulness to fund managers and equity analysts is low. Concerns are evident over the Framework design and its relevance to more structural issues pertaining to equity market culture. The implication of this is that may become a reporting fad, not embedded into mainstream investment thinking.","doi":"10.1016/j.accfor.2018.01.005","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7a74023d8d8163072831416dc43566ad12120571","result_position":10,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":252228768,"title":"New Directions in the European Union’s Regulatory Framework for Corporate Reporting, Due Diligence and Accountability: The Challenge of Complexity","venue":"European Journal of Risk Regulation","year":2022,"authors":["C. Villiers"],"abstract":"\n Climate change and the pursuit of sustainability and sustainable business might be regarded as among the world’s “wicked problems”, especially as they are multi-dimensional problems. Achieving corporate accountability in this context is also difficult when corporate structures are complex as they operate globally and through supply chains. At the European level, under the Green Deal, the Sustainable Finance Initiative and the Sustainable Corporate Governance Initiative include new reporting requirements to amend and expand the scope and application of the 2014 Non-Financial Reporting Directive, alongside changes to directors’ duties to ensure they take account of stakeholders’ needs and environmental and human rights due diligence requirements. This paper will argue that these legislative and regulatory efforts are to be welcomed, but the complexity of the regulation threatens to undermine its potential impact. It may therefore be necessary to reduce some of the complexity of the regulatory arrangements. However, some complexity may increase resilience and adaptability for responding to the risks involved in the uncertainty and unpredictability of climate change and in dealing with complex corporate structures. The answer is to provide robust regulation that will prompt the corporate behaviours required to avoid the catastrophic trajectory we currently face.","doi":"10.1017/err.2022.25","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/10e3f656d8b3a8acda4d652d28ef216fef6911b4","result_position":11,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":265290734,"title":"Hallmarks of integrated thinking","venue":"The British Accounting Review","year":2023,"authors":["Ruth Dimes","C. de Villiers"],"abstract":"Integrated Thinking, the management approach associated with Integrated Reporting, has been hailed as a way of improving organisational decision-making and internal communication, leading to sustainable value creation. Yet Integrated Thinking remains poorly defined and understood. By analysing and synthesising the findings from an emerging body of case study evidence, this paper brings new theoretical insights into how Integrated Thinking is conceptualised and practised and its unique relationship with Integrated Reporting. We reveal Integrated Thinking to bring considerable tension to organisations as managers attempt to adapt to conflicting stakeholder priorities. Organisations which manage this tension and experience some success with Integrated Thinking typically exhibit four ‘hallmarks ’ , namely: 1) a deliberate drive by the board and CEO to encourage Integrated Thinking, 2) an Integrated Strategy developed through extensive stakeholder engagement and understanding of value creation, 3) the creation, or enhancement, of an organisational culture of trust and collaboration, and 4) the development of Integrated Intelligence, comprising integrated Performance Management Systems (PMS) and the use of multi-functional teams for decision-making. We present a new conceptual framework of Integrated Thinking in practice, reflect on its relationship with developments in sustainable management practices more broadly and propose several avenues for future research.","doi":"10.1016/j.bar.2023.101281","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5b88c6353488a6a9355eded630b6bae18b9b747b","result_position":12,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":276172779,"title":"The Impact of Audit Firm Size on the Relationship between Integrated Reporting and Sustainability Performance: Conceptual Paper","venue":"International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences","year":2025,"authors":["Ali Al Sanasleh","N. Jaffar","Saidatunur Fauzi bin Saidin","Saddam Al Nohood"],"abstract":"This study seeks to develop theoretical frameworks regarding the impact of audit quality and integrated reporting on financial, environmental, social and governance (FESG) sustainability performance. This will assist future empirical research in investigating how the interplay of these two factors influences FESG sustainability performance. The objective is to determine whether these dimensions function synergistically or independently in influencing FESG sustainability performance. This study anticipates that the interaction between audit quality and integrated reporting quality will significantly enhance FESG sustainability performance. This study provides regulators, corporations, and stakeholders with theoretical insights to advocate for integrated reporting and stringent corporate governance, such as the Big Four audit firms. Thus, companies can generate long-term value and attain transparency and accountability, resulting in reduced capital costs, elevated valuations, and enhanced FESG sustainability performance.","doi":"10.6007/ijarafms/v15-i1/24623","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b6de20132cceabe5c4ee5f2f29dd1f514c8bb53d","result_position":13,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":190463699,"title":"Do Boards Determine Integrated Reporting in Nigerian Listed Oil and Gas Firms?","venue":"SEISENSE Journal of Management","year":2019,"authors":["T. Orshi","K. Dandago","Rehanet Isa"],"abstract":"Purpose: Integrated reporting is a process founded on integrated thinking, with the aim of issuing periodic integrated reports by firms about value creation over time. This study investigates the effect of board attributes (independence, diligence, and size) on the quality of integrated reporting of Nigerian listed oil and gas firms. \nDesign/Methodology: Panel data are obtained from annual reports of a purposive sample of 10 out of the 12 listed Oil and Gas firms in Nigeria from 2013 to 2017. These are analyzed using multiple regression techniques, via STATA 13.0 software. \nResults: Based on the analysis conducted, findings show that the board independence and board size have a significant and positive effect, while board diligence has an insignificant and positive effect on the quality of integrated reporting, proxied by integrated reporting disclosure score (IRDSCORE). This outcome implies that having the optimum mix of members on the board influences the extent of integrated disclosures of listed oil and gas firms in Nigeria. \nPractical Implications: Global corporate reporting is currently driving towards integrated thinking, incorporating financial, governance, social and environmental issues to promote long-term value creation. As a third world nation, the adoption of integrated reports is voluntary in Nigeria. However, considering the information needs of all stakeholders and appointing qualified persons on the board by shareholders, and formulating enabling policies in this direction by regulatory agencies would drive corporate reporting to be more integrative to drive long-term value maximization.","doi":"10.33215/SJOM.V2I4.157","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7a7c4681a3360ec1f7d1c80900db3031a63b30b3","result_position":14,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":211802864,"title":"An empirical analysis of stakeholders’ expectations and integrated reporting quality","venue":"Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja","year":2019,"authors":["C. Cosmulese","M. Socoliuc","Marius Ciubotariu","Svetlana Mihailă","V. Grosu"],"abstract":"Within the present-day economic situation ensuring a competitive position coincides with its ability of managing its relationship with the stakeholders regarding the distribution of the added value...","doi":"10.1080/1331677x.2019.1680303","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5b8b8b0085987a1713734ef389f27dd8cfe62d42","result_position":15,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":169557882,"title":"Exploring the perspectives of integrated reporting for future research opportunities","venue":"Journal of Accounting and Management Information Systems","year":2018,"authors":["Chirața Caraiani","C. Lungu","Alina Bratu","Cornelia Dascalu"],"abstract":"This paper investigates the perspectives of integrated reporting as an emerging field in mainstream academic literature. The current state of research and its development are explored by using the Structured Literature Review (SLR) method on publications indexed in Clarivate Analytics’ Web of Science. An analytical framework is designed for applying the coding procedure. The findings suggest an evolution of integrated reporting research from the phase of spreading awareness regarding the new reporting paradigm towards an impact analysis phase. The accounting and audit journals are noted to have greatly contributed to the shift of IR literature towards studying the integrated reporting as a reporting practice. A further purpose is to examine newly developed research interest in integrated reporting and to establish future paths to be followed. Future research might bring to discussion possible links between integrated reporting, governance and integrated thinking. The complex interrelationships influencing the companies’ ability to create value for the multi-stakeholders need to frame the practice-oriented research.","doi":"10.24818/JAMIS.2018.04002","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3594da6308fdece436bc901fea6f78ea1b485ff4","result_position":16,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":59493990,"title":"Management Control Systems and Integrated Reporting: Which Relationships? The Case of the Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Ancona","venue":"International journal of business management","year":2018,"authors":["Marco Gatti","M. S. Chiucchi","Marco Montemari"],"abstract":"This article explores the contribution that management accountants and management control systems can give to the design and the implementation of an integrated reporting system. In particular, the case of the Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Ancona is analysed in the aim of highlighting the role played by the management accountant in promoting the design and implementation of the integrated report in the specific context under investigation. The empirical evidence adds to the extant literature on this issue by showing the relevant role played by management control systems and by management accountants as well and, in particular, how the latter can significantly influence the whole design and implementation process at an organisational, technical, and motivational level.","doi":"10.5539/IJBM.V13N9P169","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a74edaa0a851ade6aeee5b06d46e3c5b768c677e","result_position":17,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":55366876,"title":"Integrated Reporting: Development and State of Art —The Italian Case in the International Context","venue":"International journal of business management","year":2018,"authors":["Filippo Vitolla","Nicola Raimo","Elbano de Nuccio"],"abstract":"The attention to integrated reporting has more and more increased, since the birth, in 2010 of IIRC, to the present day. This practice, in recent years, is arousing the interest not only of practitioners, but also of academics. In this perspective, the reconstruction of the development process and a series of in-depth analyses on the topic can represent an important source of information for practitioners and a solid basis for future research by academics. This study aims to meet this dual need through a reconstruction of the development process and an analysis of the benefits and of the current state of integrated reporting in the world. The study also presents an important focus on the situation of integrated reporting in Italy by virtue of the recent implementation of Legislative Decree n. 254 of December 30, 2016. This rule provides for the obligation to prepare a non-financial statement starting from the year 2017 and offers many insights on the progress of integrated reporting. The study shows the central, but not unique role of legislation in the adoption and dissemination of integrated reporting.","doi":"10.5539/IJBM.V13N11P233","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/aea93c45ef721f6972db460ded714fe59c9abebe","result_position":18,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":233453316,"title":"Investigation on the Value Relevance of Integrated Reporting and Organizational Capital: Evidence From Sri Lanka","venue":"International Journal of Financial Research","year":2020,"authors":["A. Haleem","S. T. Ahamed","Wewaldeniyage Shanika Lakmali Kumarasing"],"abstract":"Integrated reporting is a developing reporting aspect in order to assess problems relating to corporate reporting. It provides a comprehensive account of organizational worth. This paper aims to assess whether integrated reporting and organizational capital increase the value relevance of firms. A checklist containing 100 integrated reports of banks which are listed in Colombo stock exchange were used for the analysis. Data were collected over the period from 2010 to 2019. Statistical analysis was done using the EWIS. Finding reveals that the book value of equity, earnings before interest and taxation of the equity of the bank, leverage of the bank and Organizational capital have a direct effect on the market value of equity of the bank while return on equity and size does not have a positive impact on the market value of equity of the bank. And to the best of our knowledge, it reveals that there is a significant effect of integrated reporting on the value relevance of organizations. Future research avenues were identified and the suggestions for future research on integrated reporting were provided. The findings bring out different implications for managers, decision-makers and the research community as well. This study further expands the existing knowledge on integrated reporting and sets the foundation for future researchers.","doi":"10.5430/ijfr.v11n6p372","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cc27b66c742aaa6344d054c9c96d817632fe7133","result_position":19,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":56228532,"title":"Integrated Reporting as a Tool for Communicating with Stakeholders - Advantages and Disadvantages","venue":"","year":2018,"authors":["Iwona Matuszyk","Bartosz Rymkiewicz"],"abstract":"Financial and non-financial reporting from the beginning of its existence is the primary source of communication between the company and a wide range of stakeholders. Over the decades it has adapted to the needs of rapidly changing business and social environment. Currently, the final link in the evolution of organizational reporting, such as integrated reporting, assumes integration and mutual connectivity to both financial and non-financial data. The main interest in the concept of integrated reporting comes from the value it contributes to the organization. Undoubtedly, the concept of integrated reporting is a milestone in the evolution of organizational reporting. It is however important to consider whether it adequately addresses the information needs of a wide range of stakeholders, and whether it is a universal tool for communication between the company and its stakeholders. The aim of the paper is to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the concept of integrated reporting as a tool for communication with stakeholders and to further directions of its development. The article uses the research methods such as literature analysis, the content analysis of the corporate publications and comparative analysis.","doi":"10.1051/E3SCONF/20183506004","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e882d25d5125f80cfe4f2cfdad6b92fd87f22e13","result_position":20,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":54491818,"title":"Sustainable Development and Corporate Communication in Global Markets","venue":"","year":2014,"authors":["Daniela M. Salvioni","Luisa Bosetti"],"abstract":"The increasing importance of sustainability for corporate governance involves paying stronger attention to the principles and values dominating internal and external relationships; moreover, it requires innovation in the internal processes of behavioural orientation, as well as in external communication. In particular, the multidimensionality of responsibilities, goals and results has determined progressive changes in corporate communication. This article aims at investigating the linkage among sustainability, stakeholder relations management and effectiveness of corporate communication. More exactly, the article intends to highlight the transition from a period of disorderly enlargement of corporate communication to a phase characterised by a new concept of integrated reporting. Integrated reporting is based on broadly shared principles and it encourages the development of a stand-alone document concerning governance, financial and socio-environmental performance.","doi":"10.4468/2014.1.03SALVIONI.BOSETTI","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a2052bc6674f373ded10de4d170d332e9a6521b6","result_position":21,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":55012616,"title":"TOWARDS AN INTERPRETIVE MEASUREMENT FRAMEWORK TO ASSESS THE LEVELS OF INTEGRATED AND INTEGRATIVE THINKING WITHIN ORGANISATIONS","venue":"","year":2015,"authors":["Daniel Schörger","K. Sewchurran"],"abstract":"This research study is located within the context of corporate reporting and is relevant for the agenda of sustainability and sustainable development. The specific context for this study is the South African mining industry, within which three units in the form of three companies, were chosen to provide a coherent case for this study. The sample for the analysis is based on the integrated reports of these companies for the years 2012 and 2013. This gives this research a total sample size of six reports. Based on the research findings an initial interpretive measurement framework to assess the levels of capital integration has been theorised which enables the various stakeholders of an organisation to assess the integrated and integrative thinking capabilities. The level of integration is represented as a maturity scale on which integrated thinking is associated with the lower levels, while integrative thinking is attributed to higher levels of maturity. In the elaborated framework, integrated thinking is perceived as being a prerequisite for integrative thinking. The practical implication of this study is that it provides a potential measurement framework for various organisational stakeholders, including investors, to assess the thinking capabilities that are more likely to lead to long term financial stability and sustainability. The value of this research study is that it provides an initial step towards measuring the level of integrated and integrative thinking capabilities within organisations where no such measurement framework currently exists. The limitations and implications of this research study are that the interpretive measurement framework represents merely an initial step and an ongoing working hypothesis which requires further research to develop its maturity and usefulness.","doi":"10.22495/RGCV5I3ART5","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ed822e47b7e32976ebe4fcc8ca967616c57eab49","result_position":22,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":167832583,"title":"Integrated Reporting in Business Communication： On the Example of Polish Listed Companies","venue":"","year":2015,"authors":["Ryszard Kamiński","Adam Mickiewicz"],"abstract":"This work focuses on integrated reporting as an element of companies’ communication with the external environment. It shows the place and role of integrated reporting in system of communication with various stakeholders and with investors in particular. It also proposes that integrated reporting is a concise communication tool depicting how an organization’s strategy, governance, performance, and prospects lead to the creation of value over the short, medium, and long term. This means an integrated representation of a company’s performance in terms of financial and other value relevant information. Thus, integrated reporting goes beyond the traditionally understood business financial reporting. The main aim of this paper is to explain the concept of integrated reporting and to identify the role and place of this reporting type in the system of corporate communication. An additional aim is to show the development of integrated reporting in Poland which is a relatively new EU member as well as emerging market. In conclusion, the considerations stated that the report integrated—as a report integrating financial and non-financial content, covering both past and future (which facilitates decision making)—can effectively satisfy the information needs of investors. In Poland, unfortunately, integrated reporting is not widely used. A company which produces integrated reports is based on different standards. This hampers the comparability of these reports and thus reduces their use by stakeholders. In consequence, the information needs of stakeholders are not satisfactorily addressed.","doi":"10.17265/1537-1506/2015.10.001","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0521bcc37d6aeb1d17d2a5f51b28a8edbe5388ca","result_position":23,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":236386639,"title":"Archival research on integrated reporting: a systematic review of main drivers and the impact of integrated reporting on firm value","venue":"Journal of Management and Governance","year":2021,"authors":["Patrick Velte"],"abstract":"Integrated reporting (IR) represents an innovative approach to business reporting especially by Public Interest Entities (PIEs). In addition to financial capital, the integrated report includes material information about manufactured, intellectual, human, social and relational, and natural capitals. Although there has been a steady growth in empirical IR research, there is—as yet—no literature review on the business case for IR. Thus, the purpose of this study is to convey a detailed understanding of the governance-, (non) financial performance-, and reporting-related determinants of IR and its contribution to firm value in line with the business case argument. To do so, we selected 85 quantitative peer-reviewed archival studies on that topic. We have then differentiated said studies between those that focus on IR adoption versus those that focus on IR quality, with a legitimacy- and stakeholder-theory-based framework. This differentiation is crucial, to stress the challenges of greenwashing policies and information overload. Here, in contrast to former literature reviews on IR, we provide new insights into this emerging research topic and concentrate on archival IR research. We are also interested in recent moderator- and mediator analysis in archival IR research since the business case argument for IR may require a specific environment, in addition to the main variables we have included. We likewise give a detailed overview of included variables and proxies and compare their main statistical effects. Our literature review demonstrates that (1) board composition and (2) stakeholder pressure positively influence IR quality; whereas (3) (non) financial performance leads to increased IR adoption and quality. We also find that both IR adoption and IR quality are linked with positive consequences on firm valuation, as they lead to higher total performance measures. Last but not least, this analysis includes useful recommendations for future IR research.","doi":"10.1007/S10997-021-09582-W","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1050f7feac40c5bca8b940d8a7e8bdc91d2798eb","result_position":24,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":169797437,"title":"Integrated Reporting Quality: An Empirical Analysis","venue":"","year":2018,"authors":["A. Pistoni","Lucrezia Songini","F. Bavagnoli"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1002/CSR.1474","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/57ee01ec45f55ecebf097f246efd0da8d37527a4","result_position":25,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":214497425,"title":"Integrated reporting of environmental, social, and governance and financial data: Does the market value integrated reports?","venue":"Business Strategy and the Environment","year":2020,"authors":["Alexander Landau","J. Rochell","C. Klein","Bernhard Zwergel"],"abstract":"The concept of reporting nonfinancial information within the annual report, so-called Integrated Reporting (IR) is a rising topic in reporting practice. Supporters claim that IR provides a better view regarding the value creation of a firm. This study investigates the value relevance of IR and the influence of certain characteristics such as assurance. Thus, this paper contributes to the existing literature by examining the actual advantages for firms when adopting an IR approach. The Ohlson model is applied for the market valuation of 50 companies of the STOXX Europe 50 between the years 2010 and 2016. The results of this study support the cost-concerned school by showing a negative influence on the market value. None-theless, the study suggests that the quality of the reports is relevant for market valuation, as the negative effect is mitigated by the quality of the reports.","doi":"10.1002/bse.2467","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ccda9da639b20a8624f413c9a937f889b2ba4185","result_position":26,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":154324728,"title":"The international integrated reporting framework : key issues and future research opportunities","venue":"","year":2014,"authors":["Mandy M. Cheng","Wendy Green","Pieter Conradie","Noriyuki Konishi","Andrea M. Romi"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1111/JIFM.12015","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0a52c69d6eefe89b07c8b3e9b8736a741d9cd4cc","result_position":27,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":225628854,"title":"Learning from the Best: New Challenges and Trends in IR Reporters’ Disclosure and the Role of SDGs","venue":"Sustainability","year":2020,"authors":["M. Izzo","Alberto Dello Strologo","Fabrizio Granà"],"abstract":"A worldwide debate on the effectiveness of business reporting information has engaged organizations, policy makers, regulators, and members of the capital market. The documents through which organizations disclose their annual performance are being questioned and criticized, as they appear inadequate for responding to stakeholder needs. In 2013, the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) launched a project with the aim of redesigning corporate reporting processes and outputs, introducing integrated reporting (IR). At the center of IR are the six capitals defined by the IIRC representing the basis for an innovative form of evaluating and presenting performance. New topics on the global sustainable development agenda are growing in importance, requiring companies to enrich their disclosure and connect business to environment. In this study, we examined how a group of leaders in IR, 134 European companies from the IIRC IR reporters list, are currently disclosing IR capital and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), developing three evaluation scores: Capital Disclosure Index, SDG Disclosure Index, and SDG Compliance Index.","doi":"10.3390/su12145545","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d302774edbc14e91add3518b43ae6ebaa2e7bb1b","result_position":28,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":153635245,"title":"Is integrated reporting determined by a country's legal system? An exploratory study","venue":"","year":2013,"authors":["José-Valeriano Frías-Aceituno","Lázaro Rodríguez‐Ariza","Isabel‐María García‐Sánchez"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2012.12.006","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/31900fa7261cd19ff90f2672042031c93ca59c19","result_position":29,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":145771963,"title":"Walking the talk(s): Organisational narratives of integrated reporting","venue":"","year":2014,"authors":["C. Higgins","W. Stubbs","T. Love"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1108/AAAJ-04-2013-1303","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e4efff99428b21dcd2a06bd7ec862466f676a1ee","result_position":30,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":219000427,"title":"Integrated reporting and change: evidence from public universities","venue":"Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting and Financial Management","year":2020,"authors":["Silvia Iacuzzi","A. Garlatti","P. Fedele","A. Lombrano"],"abstract":"PurposeThis paper aims to set out the case for integrated reporting (IR) and its potential to lead to change in the public sector by examining it in practice and analyzing the challenges associated with its implementation.Design/methodology/approachThe paper investigates the role of IR in the public sector through the development of a theoretical framework applied to a case study focused on the University of Udine in Italy.FindingsIR can be considered more as an incremental than a groundbreaking transformation of existing arrangements and approaches. The analysis revealed that the vagueness, complexity and intrinsic discrepancy between the IR concept and its operationalization brought the University of Udine to challenge and debate the IR approach and ultimately, to reconceptualize and implement its own version that better fitted its strategic aims, its intended audience and its status as a public entity.Research limitations/implicationsThe application of the findings to other contexts should be further investigated, while the analytical framework should be applied to different settings and could be enriched to add knowledge and sharpen the paradigms of integrated thinking and value co-creation. Moreover, the interviews focused on people directly involved in the preparation of the integrated report, excluding other stakeholders. Further research could explore their perceptions of IR and focus on their understanding of the IR as well as the value co-creation process.Practical implicationsThe findings provide decision makers with insights about how IR can be promoted to enhance its impact on value co-creation. The key processes to be considered for a public organization are integrated thinking and value co-creation, while the key aspects to be investigated in an integrated report for the public sector are materiality and stakeholder engagement. Yet, the IR framework is missing indications on how to account for stakeholders' inputs, outputs and outcomes in a value co-creation process, which is fundamental in a public service logic.Originality/valueThe results shed further light on two fundamental phenomena in the public sector, namely, integrated thinking and value co-creation. The paper also answers the call for more empirical research on IR's rhetoric and practice and on its concrete role in the value creation process.","doi":"10.1108/jpbafm-08-2019-0120","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6a33ed8c3a3d2e0c01b845795ec47a0409e67bc7","result_position":31,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":154572402,"title":"Stakeholders’ Perspectives on the Role of Regulatory Reform in Integrated Reporting","venue":"Journal of Business Ethics","year":2015,"authors":["W. Stubbs","C. Higgins"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1007/s10551-015-2954-0","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/182e6a81fdb04a078a607bf16de524f2d2a73b0f","result_position":32,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":265489128,"title":"Measuring the integrated reporting quality in Europe: balanced scorecard perspectives","venue":"Journal of Financial Reporting & Accounting","year":2023,"authors":["Omar Hassan Ali Nada","Z. Győri"],"abstract":"\nPurpose\nThe aim of this study is to evaluate the adoption and quality of integrated reports in the European Union (EU).\n\n\nDesign/methodology/approach\nThe sample consists of 147 listed firms from the 18 EU countries during 2013–2020. This study creates a disclosure index – based on the balanced scorecard (BSC) that reflects the information content of integrated reports. The content analysis method is used to measure the integrated reporting quality (IRQ).\n\n\nFindings\nThe findings demonstrate that the IRQ increased across the study’s time frame, going from 49.3% in 2013 to 77% in 2020. Furthermore, financial disclosures still get the most attention in the integrated reporting (IR), followed by learning and growth perspective disclosures. In addition, businesses in the financial and industrial sectors rely more on integrated reports. However, the utility sector has the highest IRQ score. By country, Spain has the highest rate of IR adoption, followed by France. Other countries, such as Austria and Hungary, have only implemented IR by one company each.\n\n\nResearch limitations/implications\nThis study adds to the IR literature a new approach to measure IRQ by linking BSC with the IR framework. Empirically, businesses of any size can use this method to assess the degree of balance between the revealed financial and nonfinancial information in their reports.\n\n\nPractical implications\nEmpirically, this study helps IR practitioners in determining how widely IR is used in Europe and in updating the database on the IR website. It helps them update and improve the IR framework by identifying the elements that have the least transparency and quality, investigating the causes and enhancing them.\n\n\nOriginality/value\nTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to examine the IRQ in EU countries by linking the BSC with IR elements. This is to split the elements into their own pillars, making it easier to track disclosure and evaluate the corporations’ interest in revealing these perspectives, on their own and collectively.\n","doi":"10.1108/jfra-03-2023-0134","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7a4dc742ddeb50c736e182f44b0556d2b9cb8bcb","result_position":33,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":154593275,"title":"A Template for Integrated Reporting","venue":"","year":2013,"authors":["I. Abeysekera"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1108/14691931311323869","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bf2698ea941e208c9d1c5b1af1c7827ef4375489","result_position":34,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":245951498,"title":"The Quality of Business Model Disclosure in Integrated Reporting: Evidence from Poland","venue":"EUROPEAN RESEARCH STUDIES JOURNAL","year":2022,"authors":["Bogusława Bek-Gaik","Anna Surowiec"],"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to identify and evaluate business model disclosures in integrated reports published by Polish companies. The article attempts to determine how practitioners understand and explain the concept of a business model and whether the implementation of integrated reporting has influenced the scope and form of presenting information on the business model. The article uses the results of literature studies on the subject, the results of previous research, and observations of business practice in the area of integrated reporting. Design/methodology/approach: The quantitative and qualitative content analysis of business model disclosures in integrated reporting was performed in order to assess the current status of business model disclosures presented by Polish companies. The analysis covered 74 integrated reports prepared in the years 2016-2019. Findings: The findings proved that most elements of business model have the nature of qualitative narrations regarding strategy, various forms of capital, business activities and outputs, while less attention was paid to business model adaptability, position of the organization within the value chain, waist/by-products, and outcomes' effect on various forms of capital. Practical Implications: The results of the study complement the research gap of current literature on business model disclosures quality in Polish practice. Originality/Value: The research presented in the article contributes to the current literature on integrated reporting by using the novel dataset, identifying the level of business model disclosures in the examined integrated reports, and is aimed at presenting a critical interpretative perspective.","doi":"10.35808/ersj/2826","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/00e27b79be560389e36e656123b1cd0fbc99e6c9","result_position":35,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":254786991,"title":"Archival research on integrated reporting: a systematic review of main drivers and the impact of integrated reporting on firm value","venue":"Journal of Management and Governance","year":2021,"authors":["Patrick Velte"],"abstract":"Integrated reporting (IR) represents an innovative approach to business reporting especially by Public Interest Entities (PIEs). In addition to financial capital, the integrated report includes material information about manufactured, intellectual, human, social and relational, and natural capitals. Although there has been a steady growth in empirical IR research, there is—as yet—no literature review on the business case for IR. Thus, the purpose of this study is to convey a detailed understanding of the governance-, (non) financial performance-, and reporting-related determinants of IR and its contribution to firm value in line with the business case argument. To do so, we selected 85 quantitative peer-reviewed archival studies on that topic. We have then differentiated said studies between those that focus on IR adoption versus those that focus on IR quality, with a legitimacy- and stakeholder-theory-based framework. This differentiation is crucial, to stress the challenges of greenwashing policies and information overload. Here, in contrast to former literature reviews on IR, we provide new insights into this emerging research topic and concentrate on archival IR research. We are also interested in recent moderator- and mediator analysis in archival IR research since the business case argument for IR may require a specific environment, in addition to the main variables we have included. We likewise give a detailed overview of included variables and proxies and compare their main statistical effects. Our literature review demonstrates that (1) board composition and (2) stakeholder pressure positively influence IR quality; whereas (3) (non) financial performance leads to increased IR adoption and quality. We also find that both IR adoption and IR quality are linked with positive consequences on firm valuation, as they lead to higher total performance measures. Last but not least, this analysis includes useful recommendations for future IR research.","doi":"10.1007/s10997-021-09582-w","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/419971364ab87e81949b9ad72afc317a8a982d80","result_position":36,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":225164996,"title":"Does Integrated Reporting Enhance the Value Relevance of Information? Evidence from Sri Lanka","venue":"Sustainability","year":2020,"authors":["T. Cooray","S. Senaratne","A. Gunarathne","Roshan Herath","D. Samudrage"],"abstract":"This paper examines the relationship between the level of integrated reporting (IR) based on the extent of adoption of the International Integrated Reporting Framework (IIRF) and the firm value (a proxy for value relevance of IR) in Sri Lanka, where the adoption of IR is a voluntary exercise. Using a comprehensive disclosure checklist, 117 integrated reports were content-analyzed, and then two regression models assessed the value relevance of IR disclosure. The study notes an increasing trend toward the adoption of IIRF in the preparation of integrated reports overall, as well as of each content element of IIRF. However, this rising trend has not significantly impacted the firm value by itself. Hence, this study’s findings do not support the enlightened stakeholder’s view on the subject of IR in Sri Lanka. Instead, it shows a significant positive relationship with the firm value when combined with the information on earnings (earnings per share), indicating that IIRF-compliant IR improves the value relevance of accounting information. This study offers insights for policymakers, professional accounting bodies, and practitioners on how investors make use of the information disclosed in integrated reports in their decision-making.","doi":"10.3390/su12198183","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/eca877eec112b1e44fa478edc87c6e0e5c3cf81e","result_position":37,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":110189473,"title":"The International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) Integrated Reporting Framework: Toward Better Sustainability Reporting and (Way) Beyond","venue":"","year":2013,"authors":["P. Soyka"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1002/TQEM.21357","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e3dac4aa68eb21befc9d4add718f6fb29e8e6f20","result_position":38,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":6888998,"title":"The Compliance of the Integrated Reports Issued by European Financial Companies with the International Integrated Reporting Framework","venue":"","year":2017,"authors":["I. Sofian","M. Dumitru"],"abstract":"Integrated reporting (IR) is an emerging practice increasingly capturing the attention of companies. The purpose of this paper is to analyze how the integrated reports issued by companies from the financial sector in Europe are following the guidance of the International Integrated Reporting Framework (IIRF). To achieve this objective, we analyzed the way in which the integrated reports of eight companies are following the guidance provided by the IIRF. As a result, we noticed that the annual report of Generali scored the highest compliance level with the guidance of the IIRF, but each one of the companies stood out with respect to at least one of the guiding principles or fundamental concepts mentioned in the IIRF. Although the companies included in the sample are in different stages of IR adoption, our results contribute to understanding the practice of IR. The conclusions support the use of a tool to measure the compliance of an integrated report to the existing requirements in the context of an industry linked to many other domains.","doi":"10.3390/SU9081319","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3710d9442fcbe55550fe5865de1f6bc1073bd69d","result_position":39,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":139089843,"title":"Disclosure of Intellectual Capital Components in Integrated Reporting: An Empirical Analysis","venue":"Sustainability","year":2018,"authors":["S. Santis","Michela Bianchi","A. Incollingo","Marco Bisogno"],"abstract":"The purpose of the study is to investigate how firms disclose information in their integrated report (IR) on intellectual capital (IC), regarding its components and their link with the value creation process. Therefore, by adopting a content analysis methodology, the study, which covers three years (2014–2016), is focused on IC. A sample of firms belonging to the financial services sector is investigated by analysing 135 integrated reports. The main findings show that firms, on the one hand, provide information on IC by adopting a classification close to those outlined by IC scholars; on the other hand, the vast majority of the investigated firms tends to adopt a superficial approach. More specifically, firms disclose a low amount of information about the link between IC and the value creation process, even though they are aware of its importance.","doi":"10.3390/SU11010062","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d7b0b0079801cc12024e517346ce25b5a5220efe","result_position":40,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":226353251,"title":"Disclosing Information on Financial and Non-Financial Capitals in the Integrated Report: An Empirical Analysis of Financial Industry","venue":"","year":2020,"authors":["S. Santis","Michela Bianchi"],"abstract":"This study investigates how firms within the financial industry disclose financial and non-financial information in their integrated reports, by analyzing a sample of the banking sector published over five years (2014–2018). During the first phase, a content analysis methodology was conducted to investigate the disclosure level of six forms of capital, i.e., capitals. A principal component analysis then was implemented to reduce the dimensionality and investigate the relationship between capitals’ information. The main findings show that during the observed period, the focus mainly is on financial capital, while information on non-financial capitals is underdeveloped. A relationship exists among all non-financial capitals, but not between financial and non-financial capitals. The paper contributes to the academic debate on the use of integrated reports (IRs) in practice, providing useful insights regarding financial and non-financial disclosure.","doi":"10.5539/ijbm.v15n11p62","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/58b8af2ea936100ad67d7bf33abf6c8b7d083ce1","result_position":41,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":276177713,"title":"Determinants and Future Directions of Integrated Reporting: A Systematic Review and Research Agenda","venue":"Journal of logistics, informatics and service science","year":2024,"authors":["Mohd Salehudin","Mohd Simpol","M. Azli","H. A. Khan"],"abstract":". This systematic literature review examines the determinants of integrated reporting (IR) adoption and identifies future research directions. Analyzing 32 articles published between 2012 and 2022, we employ a mixed-methods approach combining bibliometric analysis and qualitative content analysis. Our findings reveal that firm size, profitability, board characteristics, and stakeholder orientation are key drivers of voluntary IR adoption. The review identifies significant research gaps, including a lack of qualitative insights, limited focus on SMEs, and minimal exploration of IR assurance practices. We propose a research agenda emphasizing qualitative approaches, stakeholder perspectives, and comparative analyses to advance IR scholarship. This review contributes to the literature by synthesizing current knowledge on IR determinants and outlining priority areas for future research to enhance understanding of this emerging corporate reporting practice.","doi":"10.33168/jliss.2024.1119","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/02fb1d9efa53e9f0ba4d5c3ad63036d9818b5b83","result_position":42,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":247061196,"title":"Does Multiple Capitals Disclosure Affect the Capital Market? An Empirical Analysis in an Integrated Reporting Perspective","venue":"Frontiers in Psychology","year":2022,"authors":["Yanqi Sun","Xin Qiao","Yi An","Qiaoling Fang","Na Wu"],"abstract":"Integrated reporting (IR), as a novel corporate reporting approach, focuses on how six forms of capital promote corporate value. This paper explores whether this kind of multiple capitals disclosure (MCD) framework has an impact on the capital market. Using a sample of Chinese A-share firms from 2012 to 2016, we examine the relationship between MCD quality and firm value. The results indicate that a higher MCD quality leads to a greater firm value. Our results are robust to a variety of sensitivity tests. Further evidence suggests that MCD quality could increase profitability by affecting the decision-making of non-financial stakeholders and enhance the value relevance of financial information by affecting the decision-making of investors. The paper helps understand how the IR approach affects the perception of investors on the value of a firm. The findings of the paper are of interest to academics, corporate management, investors, and governmental officials.","doi":"10.3389/fpsyg.2022.837209","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/037ca19c79591e711f17f1395552ff3812c1de49","result_position":43,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":266665477,"title":"IMPACT OF INTEGRATED REPORTING DISCLOSURE ON ACCOUNTING-BASED PERFORMANCE OF ASIAN LISTED COMPANIES","venue":"International Journal of Business Society","year":2023,"authors":["Guo Qian","R. Sapingi","N. Husin"],"abstract":"This study aims to examine the relationship between the quality of integrated reporting (IR) disclosure and firm performance in Asia listed companies. An integrated report score based on eight content elements taken from the IIRC framework was used to assess the quality of the IR disclosures of 90 Asian companies in 2019. Firm performance is evaluated using accounting-based measures such as return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). This study used a positivist research approach, the results show that the quality of IR disclosure of listed companies in Asia is sufficient. The study found a significant positive relationship between IR disclosure quality and ROA & ROE. It shows that the higher the quality of IR disclosure, the better the economic benefits of the company. The main practical implications of this study focus on calling for improved quality of IR issued by listed companies in Asia, as it provides evidence for a higher degree of financial performance achieved through high-quality disclosure of IR.","doi":"10.33736/ijbs.6418.2023","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/71ea9f7d4cd0fd33809f1b9e975c55919df98078","result_position":44,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":254103035,"title":"NON-FINANCIAL REPORTING AND ELEMENTS OF PERFORMANCE - ANALYSIS OF STATE OWNED ENTERPRISES IN CROATIA, SLOVENIA AND HUNGARY","venue":"Ekonomska Misao i Praksa","year":2022,"authors":["Martina Dragija Kostić","Josip Čičak","Matej Ljubić"],"abstract":"Background: Non-financial reporting in the public sector is a relatively new topic. In the European Union, through Directive 2014/95/EU, non-financial reporting of public interest entities with over five hundred employees at the reporting date was introduced. Thus, member states are obliged to incorporate non-financial reporting into their national legislation. Purpose: The paper examines the assumption that more profitable companies will publish more information in non-financial reports to show their performance. Another assumption is that more indebted companies are producing more non-financial disclosures. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether there was a relationship between the information that is made public in public sector enterprises' (SOEs') non-financial reports and their financial performance. Methods/Approach: The paper analyses data from publicly available non-financial reports of SOEs for the period 2017-2019. The sample consists of 27 companies, including 10 Croatian SOEs, 10 Slovenian SOEs, and 7 Hungarian SOEs. Findings: Based on the conducted research we have drawn following findings; State ownership has a negative impact on the information provided in non-financial reports, while the quantity of information provided and the number of employees are positively correlated. Profitability has a negative impact on non-financial reporting, while a higher net profit will increase non-financial disclosures. Leverage has a positive impact on the IRD index in the sample of Croatia and Slovenia that was observed. Conclusion: Non-financial reporting has been implemented in accordance with Directive 2014/95/EU. In the examined sample of SOEs a correlation was found between non-financial reporting and the profitability and indebtedness of SOEs. Originality: Research in the paper has been made on previously unresearched examples – SOEs non-financial reporting in Croatia, Slovenia and Hungary.","doi":"10.17818/emip/2022/2.3","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dce73d0893c9633b01bc74ab8062d2c94a3d46f1","result_position":45,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":169697882,"title":"Insights the Practice of Integrated Reporting: A Study on MNCs in Bangladesh on the Degree of Adherence to the Reporting Framework","venue":"","year":2018,"authors":["Ranjita Islam","M. Islam"],"abstract":"Integrated Reporting (IR) stands for organizational reporting which is prepared \nfor public disclosure and includes both financial and important \nnon-financial information. Existing financial reporting standards are inadequate \nto address issues like the importance of intangible assets, corporate impacts \non the environment, human health, societal conditions and corporate \ninfluence on the political process. Thus, the concept of IR emerged to deal \nwith these issues that affect corporate success. The traditional reporting model \nfocuses on a relatively narrow account of historical financial performance of \nthe value-creation process. Keeping this in mind, the International Integrated \nReporting Council (IIRC) has developed an International Integrated Reporting \nFramework, the core objective of which is to guide organizations in communicating \nthe broad set of information needed by investors and other \nstakeholders to assess the organization’s long-term prospects in a clear, concise, \nconnected and comparable format. The IIRC shares the view that the \nevolution of corporate reporting should be led by the communication of value \ncreation by the corporate entities. This paper focuses on the degree of disclosure \nof Integrated Reporting requirements by the top eleven multinational \ncompanies of Bangladesh as per market capitalization. Using annual report \ncontent analysis, the findings show that the companies have lately started providing \nnon-financial information regarding environment, society and governance \nalong with financial figures. But it is prominent that they are still providing \nthese information in disconnected strands and as a part of Corporate \nGovernance or CSR disclosures instead of linking these to financial information \nand providing it as an integrated report.","doi":"10.4236/ojbm.2018.63056","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9e0f4ad51e97f5b6f94dbcb21ff7fe79bebdd1d5","result_position":46,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":269490553,"title":"Nexus between integrated reporting and firm value: A systematic literature review","venue":"Corporate & Business Strategy Review","year":2024,"authors":["M. S. Alatawi","Zaidi Mat Daud","Jalila Johari"],"abstract":"The objective of this manuscript is to review the existing literature regarding integrated reporting (IR), focusing on theories, factors influencing it and its outcomes, and the methodologies adopted. The review encompasses a total of 27 studies conducted between 2006 and 2023. Following the earlier studies, four significant steps, i.e., searching for relevant studies, applying inclusion/exclusion criteria, applying methodological review protocol and finally synthetizing the protocol has been used to collect the relevant studies. The findings of the present study indicate that the majority of previous studies have relied on quantitative research methods and secondary data sources. Moreover, only two studies Boshnak (2022) and Alyousef and Alsughayer (2021) have considered both financial and non financial disclosures which represent the features of IR. The findings of the present study also identified firm size, leverage, the degree of government ownership, the degree of family ownership, firm profitability, audit firm size, and firm age as the determinants of corporate social and environmental voluntary disclosure. Moreover, the finding also indicated that among all the theories that contribute to IR, only agency theory, resource based theory, legitimacy theory and stakeholder theory were mostly considered by the previous studies.","doi":"10.22495/cbsrv5i2art13","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9087ea27d8f53de8bcda3b49784ca5f06ed695fa","result_position":47,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":259237395,"title":"The Explanatory Factors of Risk Disclosure in the Integrated Reports of Listed Entities in Brazil","venue":"Risks","year":2023,"authors":["Fábio Albuquerque","Eveline Monteiro","M. Rodrigues"],"abstract":"The gaps observed in entities’ traditional reports and accounts led to the emergence of the integrated report (IR), which includes several content elements, namely the component relating to risks and opportunities. Within this scope, the specific risks that may affect an organization’s capacity to create value are disclosed, among others, which is information of interest to the different stakeholders. This paper aims to identify the explanatory factors that influence the disclosure of risks in IRs. For this purpose, the IRs of entities listed on the Brazilian stock exchange for the year 2020 were assessed. The study was based on the explanatory theories of risk disclosure usually found in the literature, namely, the legitimacy, the agency, the signaling, and the upper echelon theories. Linear regression models were used with the disclosure rates of different types of risk as dependent variables. The size, profitability, indebtedness, independence, and gender diversity in the board of directors (BD), audit, and activity sector comprised the selected explanatory factors. Associations were found between some of the types of risks disclosed and the size of the entity, the existence of an audit, the independence of the BD, and the activity sector. The paper contributes to the literature about the explanatory factors of risk disclosure by exploring its analysis with different typologies and attributes, having the IR as a source of information, which is still little explored. The scientific contribution encompasses proposing a new risk analysis model in the IR. The innovative elements also comprise the classification of risks related to sustainable development (SD), including environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors.","doi":"10.3390/risks11060108","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7765e7c5985546bc8c249c697e4b26059c1f94d1","result_position":48,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":169946564,"title":"Does Integrated Reporting Approach Enhance the Value Relevance of Accounting Information?: Evidence from Asian Firms","venue":"","year":2018,"authors":["K.O.D.D. Fernando","Rina Dharmawati","Dewi Sriani","Elvia R. Shauki","Vera Diyanty"],"abstract":"This study aims to investigate the effect of Integrated Reporting (<IR>) on the relevance of accounting information: evidence from ASIA. By conducting regression analysis on 195 firm-years from listed companies on The International Integrated Reporting Council between 3 years. <IR> is measured by coverage ration of keywords using NVIVO Software Version 11. The results shows that impelementation of <IR> has no effect on the relevance of accounting information.","doi":"10.2991/IAC-17.2018.20","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c640e84c3752c41b141e75916027ae5cea958b21","result_position":49,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":168433975,"title":"Integration of Sustainability into the Corporate Strategy","venue":"","year":2017,"authors":["N. Oertwig","M. Galeitzke","Hans-Georg Schmieg","H. Kohl","R. Jochem","R. Orth","T. Knothe"],"abstract":"In order to successfully achieve sustainable corporate development, enterprises have to define and implement a pragmatic strategy. In that pursuit, the discussion of motivation and reasoning behind incorporating sustainability strategies serves as a prelude to the thematic examination of challenges and courses of action in corporate strategy development and implementation. Especially in the context of sustainability, additional legislative and stakeholder requirement considerations make managing these tasks effectively, however, much more challenging. The firm’s overall objectives thus become multidimensional and have to be broken down to the individual departments and business fields. Consequently, considerable effort has to be devoted to the planning, measurement and evaluation, steering and control as well as optimisation and communication processes of the holistically defined corporate value creation. Furthermore, a solution for enterprise sustainability management and its evaluation is necessary for ultimately balancing economic, ecological and social performance factors, to ensure optimized decision-making.","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-48514-0_12","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2ee329673d88db89a96e66fa5edab25046c63556","result_position":50,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":158122993,"title":"The Influence of Integrated Reporting on Management Control Systems: A Case Study","venue":"International journal of business management","year":2018,"authors":["M. S. Chiucchi","Marco Montemari","Marco Gatti"],"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to investigate how Integrated Reporting can influence Management Control Systems (MCSs). To this aim, the paper presents a case study of a company which designed and implemented an Integrated Report (IR) that was used as a tool for communicating the company performance to the entrepreneur and as a tool for enriching the company MCS to visualize and measure the overall company performance. The case analysis shows that Integrated Reporting improves the measurement focus of the MCS thanks to the role played by the company’s Business Model (BM) throughout the IR development and to the process adopted to map the BM itself. The BM mapping process was highly iterative and allowed for a better understanding of the items affecting the value creation process and of their interconnections, thus directing the MCS to what really deserved to be measured. Strategic discussion around the BM also entailed an evolution of the control system, which became a strategic control system, able to support the discussion and the creation of new strategies. Moreover, the BM ensured a high level of integration and consistency between departmental reports and the company IR, on the one hand, and among the departmental reports themselves, on the other hand. In addition, the case analysis shows that financial indicators risk becoming “phagocytized” by non-financial ones and that the implementation process of the IR can lead to a heavier workload for the Management Control Department to provide for the non-financial aspects of performance. Finally, the case analysis shows that the Integrated Reporting visual representation and its underlying logic may not work if the tool is used for managerial decision making. While the guiding principles of Integrated Reporting were accepted by the company’s actors, the Integrated Reporting representation model based on the logic inputs-BM-outputs-outcomes was criticized as it was considered too complex and not able to represent the company’s integrated performance, reflecting instead a series of disconnected and disjointed individual performances. The critiques of this model were so sharp that they resulted in a change to its logic and the adoption of a different model, namely that of cause-and-effect relationships.","doi":"10.5539/IJBM.V13N7P19","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/88825a2e1bfd28806b575054ee7f704488af465f","result_position":51,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":155636388,"title":"The integrated reporting: A presentation of the current state of art and aspects of integrated reporting that need further development","venue":"","year":2016,"authors":["J. Morrós"],"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to synthesise what is the emerging field of integrated reporting, with particular emphasis in the International Integrated Reporting Council, and outline a list of items for future research in this area. Design/methodology/approach : The approach is to outline a presentation of integrated reporting (IR), and make a review of the implications for the research agenda of the most important items. Findings: The need for quality researchers to address a number of pressing challenges posed by the rapid development of IR policies and practices. Research limitations/implications: The paper provide insights into issues and aspects of integrated reporting that need further development and need robust evidence to help inform improvements in policy and practice. Practical implications: Highlight how companies may benefit from integrated reporting in response to stakeholders’ calls for enhanced disclosure of environmental, social, governance and other non financial information. Social implications: The main social implication is to promote the wider public interest of improving the relevance of information for decision-making, for all stakeholders, and allow greater efficiency in the allocation of financial and other resources and in adding public value Originality/value: This paper offers a general view on a subject that is a challenge for entities oriented to the implementation of sustainability in their values and also in their reporting.","doi":"10.3926/IC.700","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f4346b3b3bd56a66a27c17e64078ef000d4c8990","result_position":52,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":54503864,"title":"Integrated Reporting and Italian Companies: An Empirical Investigation","venue":"","year":2017,"authors":["Guido Paolucci","Eva Cerioni"],"abstract":"Corporate reporting has undergone many changes. One main reason is that stakeholders see their needs change and evolve, thus making it necessary for them toexpress their various requests for information which, in turn, forces companies to rethink their external reporting practices. Recent studies support the position that the traditional annual report does not provide stakeholders with an adequate picture of the assets and the value created by the company. In response to this, Integrated Reporting (IR) has been adopted as a solution capable of providing both a holistic view of a company’s ability to create value in a sustainable way and an integrated vision of the company from a financial and a non-financial point of view.. Thus, this paper aims to examine the real reasons that have pushed major Italian companies to opt for IR and, especially, to explore the benefits that can now be identified a few years beyond the first publication of an Integrated Report. To investigate this topic, an exploratory field study involving ten Italian companies was conducted. The methodology relied on a qualitative approach, as it allows researchers to deal with complex “how” questions and, at the same time, offers a wide and complete picture of the phenomenon. The paper gives senior managers an overview of Italian companies that have already developed this new form of information reporting while providing valuable insights and an understanding of the perceived organizational benefits of implementing IR requirements. The study also contributes to the debate on managerial motives for producing an Integrated Report and how that may affect future decisions. The findings reveal a common thread among all the study participants, summarized by the completeness and transparency of the results. They also highlight an exhaustive list of benefits reported by these companies, which may serve as an incentive for those that have not yet adopted IR.","doi":"10.5539/IJBM.V12N9P221","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9c995363e34b111c1e75b86936d313957ec254e8","result_position":53,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":197878962,"title":"Are SMEs Ready for Integrated Reporting? The Malaysian Experience of Accountability","venue":"International Journal of Financial Research","year":2019,"authors":["M. S. Amirrudin","Mazni Abdullah","Nooraslinda Abdul Aris","N. Mohammed"],"abstract":"The Integrated Reporting (IR) provides businesses with a reporting approach that is conducive to the understanding and articulating their business strategy. By doing so, businesses will be able to drive performance internally and attract financial capital for investment, as well as helping investors to understand how the strategy being pursued that creates value over time. Changing market trends due to technology advancement had jeopardized the traditional way of reporting performance. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are typically vulnerable entities against such changes and therefore challenged to sustain their life spans. This paper offers an introduction of IR, as well as assessing IR usability and benefits for SMEs in Malaysia. Furthermore, the paper discusses relevant literature and opportunities available for SMEs regarding the applicability of such reporting philosophy. Applying the qualitative method, themes and key success factors were identified using NVivo application software. The annual reports of SME Corporation Malaysian from the year 2014 to 2016 were analysed showcase growing evidence of integrated communications to SMEs in the areas of access to markets, better business understanding and enhancing reputation. IR offers invaluable benefits to SMEs, shifting their focus from merely financial performance measures to a more holistic integrated approach to accountability, which emphasises on value creation.","doi":"10.5430/IJFR.V10N5P301","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e7b11a2e4e90047df2e4fd8126d03b6acefeb672","result_position":54,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":56128816,"title":"Empirical study regarding the integrated reporting practices in Europe","venue":"","year":2017,"authors":["Alina Bratu"],"abstract":"Integrated reporting is a practice which seeks to communicate an organization’s value through a holistic picture integrating both financial and non-financial information. This process is in its incipient phase, with many companies unsure of how prepare a truly integrated report. With the aim of providing a better understanding on integrated reporting and its benefits, a common framework, was developed by The International Integrated Reporting Committee (IIRC). The main objective of this paper is to assess the compliance level of the integrated reports published for 2015 by the European companies which have adopted the initiative, with the IIRC Framework suggestions regarding its Guiding Principles. This research was carried out by using a content analysis and scoring based methodology. The results reveal that the companies are in different stages regarding the conformity with the IIRC requirements. Moreover, some companies analyzed in this study are in the vanguard of the initiative whereas others produce “combined” rather than “integrated” reports. This research contributes to relevant literature by analyzing the post IIRC Framework publication period, as it studies integrated or annual reports published for the 2015 fiscal year.","doi":"10.20869/AUDITF/2017/148/613","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ec92610a3193a785833c804b36dd30a119f1362f","result_position":55,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":53957070,"title":"Reshaping Risk Disclosure through Integrated Reporting: Evidence from Italian Early Adopters","venue":"","year":2017,"authors":["Francesca Manes‐Rossi","G. Nicolò","R. L. Orelli"],"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to explore Integrated Reporting (IR) and risk disclosure (RD) and demonstrating the interconnection between business strategies and risk. Through a content analysis, the paper explores the management commentary and Integrated reporting of Italian companies at the end of 2015.The study reveals that many of the companies have embedded financial reporting into IR. We find extensive information about risks and opportunities, in relation to the management of the six capitals. The paper represents an investigation into risk disclosure in IR. It adds knowledge to the opportunity offered by IR in meeting stakeholder’s information needs, compared to traditional tools of corporate reporting.The results could be of interest both for legislator and standards setters, to bring them up to date with enhanced disclosure of risk and opportunities which IR offers with respect to the more traditional forms of disclosure.This is the first country-based study investigating risk disclosure provided through IR looking at three different dimensions: the metrics of RD (monetary or non-monetary); the outlook orientation (past, present or future) and the type of risk news (good or bad news). The results are relevant to detect how companies act and what can be done to improve risk disclosure.","doi":"10.5539/IJBM.V12N10P11","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/daa5b1b63f6baa85254cb9b9f0f3245bfb188436","result_position":56,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":56144814,"title":"The integrated reporting system: a new accountability enhancement tool for public sector entities","venue":"","year":2016,"authors":["Tudor Oprisor","Adriana Tiron‐Tudor","C. Nistor"],"abstract":"In the recent years, integrated reporting has made progress towards becoming an efficient communication instrument that would bring an active contribution to the financial stability and sustainability of the economic environment. This paper employs mainly a documentary research approach and aims to track one of the main prerequisites leading towards new trends in public sector reporting – the concept of “public accountability”, and pinpoint the existing evidence which supports the perspective of adopting an integrated reporting system for public entities. Also, the authors emphasize the reaction from practitioners to the idea of “integrated reporting for the public sector” and analyse the frontrunning application of hybrid forms of reporting (e.g. City of Warsaw Integrated Sustainability Report), as well as the profile of the “Integrated Reporting – Public Sector Pioneer Network.”. Findings show that integrated reporting is gaining momentum towards application in the case of public sector entities, but advancements are rather slow. Due to the scarcity of data from reporting practice regarding integrated reports in the public sector (as the Pioneer Network is currently under development), which makes it difficult to construct an empirical study with actual evidence, the authors use extrapolation and knowledge transference from existing proof of hybrid forms of reporting.","doi":"10.20869/AUDITF/2016/139/747","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dadb225dfdc674c19432d7bd411f941a22d51645","result_position":57,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":55275793,"title":"Integrated Reporting for Turkish Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises","venue":"","year":2014,"authors":["Can Kaya","Nida Turegun"],"abstract":"Ever-increasing complexity of financial markets drives businesses to focus solely on financial performance. Measures to evaluate such performance establish criteria on benchmarks like profit margin, return on assets and equity, earnings per share and others. While these measures reveal performance, numerical values may lack indication with regard to value creation. Changing trends in the market with regard to advancements in technology can simply jeopardize the sustainability of business. Additionally, loyal customers are often enticed by competitive business. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) which are usually the most vulnerable entities against financial distress, are being challenged the most in order to sustain their life spans. Financial performance as the only yardstick to evaluate the overall performance of businesses has become obsolete in today’s market conditions. Aim of this paper is to present the invaluable benefits SMEs can attain by shifting their focus from merely financial performance measures to a more holistic philosophy of thinking by implementing Integrated Reporting (IR).","doi":"10.6007/IJARAFMS/V4-I1/659","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a3506c8fb8a6a3b3925aaa44f3bbf53e0b20a6ec","result_position":58,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":216241850,"title":"Integrated reporting: the state of the art of Corporate Reporting","venue":"Revista Contabilidade & Finanças","year":2020,"authors":["Chiara Mio"],"abstract":"The stream of accounting research on nonfinancial and voluntary disclosure has been developing a lot in the last five years, also due to the introduction of Integrated Reporting (IR) in 2013 (International Integrated Reporting Council [IIRC], 2013). This increase in academic research has been mirroring an equally lively debate at the standard setter and policy maker level, which has been tackling several issues concerning the nature of nonfinancial information, the standards to be adopted and the regulation of such disclosure. As a consequence, academic research in this area has the potential to significantly contribute to practice. I first discuss the evolution of Corporate Reporting, then I focus on Integrated Reporting, which is the state of the art of Corporate Reporting and, finally, an overview of previous investigations and some suggestions for future studies were provided.","doi":"10.1590/1808-057x202090330","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5c8d5848b4f4f830042631e42d766bbd81f4db05","result_position":59,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":169914370,"title":"Assessing current company reports according to the IIRC integrated reporting framework","venue":"Meditari Accountancy Research","year":2018,"authors":["Merve Kılıç","Cemil Kuzey"],"abstract":"\nPurpose\nThis paper aims to investigate the adherence level of current company reports to the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) integrated reporting framework through analysis of whether and to what extent those reports include the content elements of this framework. This study also aims to examine the impact of corporate sustainability characteristics on the adherence level of current company reports to the integrated reporting framework.\n\n\nDesign/methodology/approach\nThe sample for this research comprises the non-financial companies which were listed on Borsa Istanbul, the Turkish stock exchange, as of 31 December 2015. The authors constructed a disclosure index based on the content elements of the IIRC reporting framework. They then measured the integrated reporting disclosure score (IRS) of each company through a manual content analysis of its annual reports and stand-alone sustainability reports. To test the hypotheses, the authors performed a number of statistical analyses.\n\n\nFindings\nThe authors determined that current company reports mainly present generic risks rather than company-specific; provide positive information while dismissing negative information; present financial and non-financial initiatives separately; lack a strategic focus; and include backward-looking information rather than forward-looking information. Consistent with the predictions, the authors found that the IRS is significantly and positively associated with sustainability reporting, Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) adoption, sustainability index listing and the presence of a sustainability committee.\n\n\nOriginality/value\nThis study contributes to the literature by enhancing the understanding of integrated reporting practices through the application of a checklist based upon the IIRC integrated reporting framework. Further, this study contributes to the literature by evaluating the impact of corporate sustainability characteristics on IRS.\n","doi":"10.1108/MEDAR-04-2017-0138","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d9187301c89d30b2a9c54b0ab1886e7da56a36da","result_position":60,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":144233505,"title":"The International Integrated Reporting Council: A story of failure","venue":"","year":2015,"authors":["J. Flower"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1016/J.CPA.2014.07.002","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ddc5d4b3166813f0b187c9fc349a3ec874ff172a","result_position":61,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":144912781,"title":"The International Integrated Reporting Council: A call to action","venue":"","year":2015,"authors":["C. Adams"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1016/J.CPA.2014.07.001","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f689920ecc388247457c768805a2ad7ae3c6fce6","result_position":62,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":143679631,"title":"Integrated Reporting: Insights, gaps and an agenda for future research","venue":"","year":2014,"authors":["C. Villiers","L. Rinaldi","Jeffrey Unerman"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1108/AAAJ-06-2014-1736","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/014d375ed798d22e95be7d8ffa65f2a0286682a9","result_position":63,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":237792013,"title":"Integrated reporting and stakeholder management: a research agenda,","venue":"Revista Contabilidade & Finanças","year":2021,"authors":["Â. G. D. Santos","Kelli Juliane Favato","Marguit Neumann"],"abstract":"Abstract The purpose of this article was to propose an agenda for future research on stakeholder management in integrated reporting. Framework 1.0 of integrated reporting addresses the management of stakeholders as a routine in the course of business, without further details. In turn, the academy can contribute in this regard. Integrated reporting is a recent development achieved after 30 years (or more) of attempts to effectively expand accountability to stakeholders. The engagement with stakeholders produces successful results in the long term, highlighting the need to indicate to them the value of using integrated reports. Due to the absence of details in Framework 1.0, it is up to academics to actively and cautiously monitor its development and implementation. This article’s contribution is to raise research to bring the practice of integrated reporting closer, as well as generate discussions to involve academics, the International Integrated Reporting Council, national councils, and report writers. Thus, the integrated report was discussed considering that its framework must be updated (how to do it) to impact the practice (the act of doing it). For this, we used a bibliographic methodology and content analysis. We also used the literature review methodology and content analysis. We mapped 11 factors, established 10 qualitative propositions, and 35 insights for future studies. The results indicate that the stakeholder management may have reached its potential in a ceremonial way, but it lacks definitions. For the academy and the International Integrated Reporting Council, the study contributes by mapping factors and suggesting the implementation of guidelines and debates with local commissions to overcome the deficiencies pointed out by this study.","doi":"10.1590/1808-057x202112030","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/189cea0716d4595ca51b4e425c6dc89c25d76baa","result_position":64,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":244767853,"title":"Value creation disclosure: the international integrated reporting framework revisited in the light of stakeholder theory","venue":"Meditari Accountancy Research","year":2021,"authors":["R. Dameri","P. Ferrando"],"abstract":"\nPurpose\nThe paper aims to propose an integrated reporting (IR) framework rooted in Freeman’s stakeholder theory (ST). The proposed framework modifies the international integrated reporting framework (IIRF) and aims to overcome criticisms related to its focus on investors and the abandonment of sustainability.\n\n\nDesign/methodology/approach\nThe paper develops a modified IIRF based on an in-depth analysis of the IR and ST literature. The framework was then applied to a non-profit health-care organisation to verify its theoretical assumptions.\n\n\nFindings\nThe modified IIRF was conceived as a ready-to-use tool. By applying it to a business case, it was validated with respect to whether and how it could help achieve better and more stakeholder-oriented reporting. The findings enabled us to validate the use of the tool not only for reporting but also for the self-assessment of organisations with respect to embedding ST.\n\n\nResearch limitations/implications\nThe modified IIRF was implemented only in one case, and further implementations are needed to comprehensively identify its strengths and weaknesses, both in for-profit and non-profit organisations.\n\n\nPractical implications\nThe revised IIRF represents an updated tool for reporting and disclosing the value created by an organisation for itself and for its stakeholders including the external entities affected by the impacts engendered by the organisation. In this way, the IIRF can give visibility to all value created and the value creation process, including sustainability matters. This allows integrated thinking processes to be incorporated accordingly, supporting better management.\n\n\nOriginality/value\nThis paper suggests three adjustments to improve the IIRF’s ability to incorporate ST as a theoretical foundation. The adjusted IIRF is a ready to-use-tool specifically highlighting what value or values an organisation delivers (its outcomes), for whom (its stakeholders) and how (its specific business processes) within a business model effectively connecting them. From this point of view, it fits the rising stream about the evolution of the sustainability reporting fostered jointly by the international integrated reporting council and sustainability accounting standard board, and by the European Union.\n","doi":"10.1108/medar-11-2020-1103","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/229db720b08f5a28c0c3f0995d1ddf89dde9039d","result_position":65,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":197417928,"title":"Examining the association between quality of integrated reports and corporate characteristics","venue":"Heliyon","year":2019,"authors":["O. Iredele"],"abstract":"This paper examines the quality of integrated reports of listed firms in South Africa and the associated factors. Data were obtained from a sample comprising 100 firm-year observations of 20 companies in Johannesburg Stock Exchange over the period (2013–2017). Analysis of data involves descriptive statistics, spearman rank correlation analysis and Kruskal-Wallis H test. The result shows a significant relationship between the quality and length of integrated reports. Firms vary in the level of quality of their integrated reports on the account of differences in profitability, board size, gender and firm size. No significant relationship was found between quality of integrated reports and leverage. The result of this study indicates that the length of the integrated report signals the level of quality of such report, which may be necessary in disclosing all material matters to satisfy the needs of a wide range of stakeholders.","doi":"10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01932","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ac4e60c90b075d46e3bbe8942fb01bac8abb39a0","result_position":66,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":216525367,"title":"Corporate Governance Variables and Integrated Reporting","venue":"International journal of business management","year":2020,"authors":["Arcangelo Marrone"],"abstract":"Integrated reporting (IR) represents the last frontier of corporate disclosure. Its purpose is to provide information on an organization's strategy and its business model, performance and governance, offering a clear overview of the organization's capacity to create value. From an academic point of view, the focus on integrated reporting has grown significantly in recent years. However, an aspect still little explored is represented by the level of compliance of the integrated reports with the IIRC requirements. Among the few studies on the issue of the level of alignment of integrated reports with the IIRC framework, only two focused on identifying the determinants. This work aims to bridge this gap through the analysis of the effect of three characteristics of the board (size, average age, gender diversity) and one of the CEO (duality) on the level of compliance of integrated reports with the IIRC framework. The results show a significant and positive effect of board size and board gender diversity on the level of alignment of integrated reports with the IIRC framework. They also show a significant and negative effect of the CEO duality and a not significant effect of the board average age.","doi":"10.5539/ijbm.v15n5p26","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d882e6b88a9d108bb012311538e994b9bea10979","result_position":67,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":73638101,"title":"Is integrated reporting a new challenge for public sector entities","venue":"","year":2018,"authors":["Francesca Manes‐Rossi"],"abstract":"Integrated reporting (IR) is a new communication tool that is gaining increasing attention among scholars, practitioners, and standard setters in both the private and public sectors. Therefore, it is important to discuss the suitability of the framework proposed by the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC). This paper offers some reflections based on case studies of public entities that differ in terms of legal structures, locations, and business models to demonstrate—despite legal and cultural requirements—that some common features exist. The primary aim is to discuss whether IR represents a new challenge for public sector organisations, specifically regarding their stakeholder engagement and their pursuit of greater accountability. In doing so, the selected case studies are examined through a theoretical framework based on the growing IR literature and specific objectives recognised by the Framework. The results that emerge from this study can be beneficial for both scholars and practitioners, enabling the identification of new paths towards improving reporting in public entities to achieve high stakeholder engagement and overcome the possible limitations of the IR model that has been proposed thus far. \n \n Key words: Integrated reporting, integrated reporting framework, stakeholder engagement, public sector entities, accountability, state-owned enterprises.","doi":"10.5897/AJBM2018.8498","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/aff55df4e0b227de00f8c3c67c54895b1c8ec15f","result_position":68,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":252093223,"title":"Towards a theoretical framework for the innovation in sustainability reporting: An integrated reporting perspective","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","year":2022,"authors":["Yanqi Sun","H. Davey","M. Arunachalam","Yuanyuan Cao"],"abstract":"Integrated Reporting (IR), as a novel sustainability-oriented organizational reporting approach, is expected to produce better corporate reporting for stakeholders and promote greater transparency and accountability in the capital market. This paper offers a theoretical framework that integrates five mainstream IR theories: stakeholder theory, agency theory, signalling theory, legitimacy theory, and institutional theory. Based on the theoretical framework, there are three drivers for companies to improve their IR disclosure practices: to mitigate information asymmetry between the organisation and all stakeholders; to signal superior quality, legitimacy, and conformity to all stakeholders; and to discharge accountability to all stakeholders. Direct and indirect costs are the main factors that lead to poor IR disclosure practices. This study is the first attempt to construct an integrated theoretical framework for IR. The constructed framework can be adopted as a theoretical foundation for future empirical studies with regard to IR.","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2022.935899","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5d8a1e296d519816a5ed67e4677f31530599197a","result_position":69,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":202357472,"title":"Effects of Integrated Reporting on Corporate Disclosure Practices regarding the Capitals and Performance","venue":"www.amfiteatrueconomic.ro","year":2019,"authors":["Alina Almasan","Cristina Circa","M. Dumitru","Raluca Guse","D. Mangiuc"],"abstract":"Integrated reporting promotes changing the internal processes of companies to generate improved performance. One way toward this goal is to use integrated thinking as a tool to achieve a ‘better understanding of the factors that materially affect an organization’s ability to create value over time’, that is the six capitals, as suggested by the International Integrated Reporting Council. Our goal is to identify ‘effects of learning’ in the field of integrated reporting on the performance and reporting practices of companies. More specifically, we aim to identify how and to what extent integrated thinking translated into their reporting practices and performance, while companies implemented the International Integrated Reporting Framework. Therefore, we analyse and compare the reporting practices and performance of European companies included in the International Integrated Reporting Council’s Pilot Program for two moments in time: 2013 and 2016. We use a set of nineteen indicators, considered as the most important for the presentation of the six capitals. Thus, we provide insights about how integrated reports disclose information concerning the capitals. Results show improvements in performance and the diversification of indicators disclosed in the reports. However, changes are not exclusively attributable to integrated reporting; reporting experience is also a contributing factor. The study contributes to the literature on the impact of integrated reporting in practice.","doi":"10.24818/EA/2019/52/572","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/698bce29fced6cbd64f0cb9ce3bfd660bd02465b","result_position":70,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":231782248,"title":"Integrated Reporting and Integrated Thinking: A Commentary on the Integrated Reporting Framework (2013)","venue":"Colombo Business Journal","year":2020,"authors":["C. Abeysinghe"],"abstract":"The International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) issued its Integrated Reporting (<IR>) framework in 2013 intending to promote integrated thinking in organisational contexts for corporate sustainability. However, arguments are mounted against limitations in these guidelines and their potential to create integrated thinking. Mainly, the maintenance of the financial prominence, neglecting sustainability needs is among the criticisms. Nevertheless, still, the framework contains some guidelines relevant to promote integrated thinking. An organisational change towards integrated thinking requires effective communication of the right message. This paper, benefitting from the Stakeholder Theory and the Stakeholder Agency Theory perspectives, sheds light on the potential of those guidelines to communicate the knowledge of integrated thinking to managers and concludes finding their failures. Utilising a content analysis of relevant guidelines contained in the <IR> framework, this paper contributes to the discussion of integrated reporting and integrated thinking for corporate sustainability.","doi":"10.4038/cbj.v11i2.68","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/12228368ce1991f0b71741cbc173517e9ffaa4ff","result_position":71,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":210173392,"title":"Disclosing Strategies and Business Models in the Integrated Report","venue":"Symphonya Emerging Issues in Management","year":2019,"authors":["E. Truant","F. Culasso","D. Argento"],"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to explore the extent to which strategies and business models (BMs) are disclosed in Integrated Reports (IRs). In addition, this paper seeks to understand the reasons for the changes in such disclosures over time. A longitudinal case study focusing on Terna, an Italian listed public utility operating in the electricity sector, is presented. Multiple methods of data collection and analysis were adopted. A content analysis based on the framework of Sukhari and De Villiers (2018) was performed on Terna’s IRs from 2011 to 2017. Interviews were conducted with several managers to integrate the data stemming from the content analysis. The paper opens up the ‘black box’ of corporate strategy disclosures, showing how they can evolve over time. The findings reveal a resistance to fully communicating sensitive corporate information related to strategic goals and their implementatio","doi":"10.4468/truant.culasso.argento","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c7bfbd344a9ca727fed42a2f9f392d3c547165a5","result_position":72,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":169998023,"title":"Realising the vision of Integrated Reporting: A critical viewpoint","venue":"","year":2017,"authors":["Pieter Conradie","D. Jongh"],"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is firstly to determine whether the International Integrated Reporting (IR) Framework is sufficiently robust to act as the guide for the IR movement. The secondary purpose is to speculate on the constraints that IR will face on its journey towards achieving the aims and vision of the IIRC (International Integrated Reporting Council). The paper is written in the form of a critical viewpoint, and will engage with the relevant academic literature and industry-led initiatives to achieve its objectives. The main finding of this paper is that the potential of the International Framework towards achieving its objectives lies more with the way it is applied than the way it was written. Academic literature does however highlight a number of potential constraints that will have to be overcome if integrated reporting is to achieve its long-term vision of financial stability and sustainability.","doi":"10.4102/JEF.V10I2.18","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f996a222dc9037231cd05277e6ca0bc417bd4e01","result_position":73,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":67791224,"title":"Integrated Reporting: the Next Step Ahead for a Sustainable Society","venue":"","year":2015,"authors":["R. Turcu"],"abstract":"The recent global developments have emphasized the limits of the actual corporate reporting system. Today’s organizations experience a growing pressure exercised by various types of stakeholders as a result of the increasingly public concern regarding environmental and social issues. Hence, companies must assume their responsibility for the improvement of the environment and society within which they operate materialized through the disclosure of sustainability and corporate responsibility information. The main challenge is not to simply increase the amount of information provided inside the annual reports, but to increase their relevance through new, comprehensive and condensed reporting practices which combine and interconnect financial and nonfinancial data. Accordingly, the concept of integrated reporting is founded. Despite its necessity and adequacy, differences among countries regarding the adoption of integrated reporting exist. This paper aims to analyze the relation between the number of integrated reports issued by companies inside a country in relation with its economic, social and environmental performances. The results found that there is a higher commitment from companies, belonging to more developed countries, to make their contribution towards the development of integrated reporting concept and practice.","doi":"10.11118/EJOBSAT.V1I1.38","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/960ce91791af244dbb3b5c7b1ec302e6fdb9e393","result_position":74,"is_clicked":false}],"string":"[\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 219499566,\n \"title\": \"Does Corporate Governance Affect the Quality of Integrated Reporting?\",\n \"venue\": \"Sustainability\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"T. Cooray\",\n \"A. Gunarathne\",\n \"S. Senaratne\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This study examines how governance mechanisms affect the quality of integrated reporting (IR), which is fast emerging both as a tool to help firms understand their value creation process and to communicate effectively with external stakeholders. This study first developed an index to assess the quality of integrated reports. Subsequently, 132 integrated reports of Sri Lankan public listed companies selected over a three-year period were content analysed. The hypotheses formulated on the relationship between corporate governance and the quality of IR based on the agency theory were analysed using multivariate linear regression and panel regression. The results show that there is limited support from the corporate governance system for providing quality information to stakeholders on the value creation process through IR, except for board size and the availability of a separate risk management committee. This is the result of the heavy emphasis of corporate governance requirements and the resulting mechanisms of Sri Lankan companies on mandatory corporate reporting requirements compared to a voluntary reporting model such as IR. Since many corporate governance aspects are meant to fulfill mandatory reporting requirements, the results imply that the directors have given limited attention to providing quality information through voluntary disclosure practices such as IR, although they use resources to prepare integrated reports.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/su12104262\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b15ce3b69ff9fe30517b395d9db203ef07ead771\",\n \"result_position\": 0,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 268339473,\n \"title\": \"The Value Creation Model in Integrated Reporting: Evidence from Poland\",\n \"venue\": \"EUROPEAN RESEARCH STUDIES JOURNAL\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Bogusława Bek-Gaik\",\n \"Anna Surowiec\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \": Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to identify and evaluate the approach and the quality of disclosures on value creation in integrated reports published by Polish companies. The article attempts to determine how practitioners understand and explain the concept of value creation. The study examines the integrated reporting practice of Polish companies to provide insight into the current status of value creation disclosures . Design/methodology/approach: The quantitative and qualitative content analysis of value creation model disclosures in integrated reporting was performed. The quality of disclosures was assessed based on reports published by 31 capital groups between 2013-2021. A case study analysis of value creation disclosures was conducted based on the reports published for the year 2021, by 24 capital groups. The content analysis of integrated reports was conducted according to the following areas: background (motivations, objectives, beneficiaries, responsible persons, CEO’s commitment, reporting standards), assurance and reliability (audit, verification, acknowledgments and awards), form of publishing, and content elements (distinguishing organizational overview and external environment, governance, business model, risks and opportunities, strategy and resource allocation, performance, outlook, capitals, KPIs, value-creation process). The article uses the results of literature studies on the subject, the results of previous research, and observations of business practice in the area of integrated reporting. Findings: The findings reveal a definitely diverse approach of companies to disclosures in the field of value creation. In most cases, the value creation model is treated as a business model, however, some companies present these two categories separately, devoting separate chapters to both issues in integrated reports. Companies using the capital approach briefly present individual capitals with a classic division into manufactured, social, natural, intellectual, financial and human capital. The analysis also revealed a large variation in the reporting of indicators describing the effectiveness of individual capitals. It can be observed a subjective treatment of indicators and their incomplete reporting, as well as references to GRI indicators. Hence,\",\n \"doi\": \"10.35808/ersj/3215\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/58e483d9435a367ded8ccf48d52bd73a4052a741\",\n \"result_position\": 1,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 55740508,\n \"title\": \"Does the market reward integrated report quality\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Simona Cosma\",\n \"M. Soana\",\n \"A. Venturelli\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Although some studies show the benefits of adopting integrated reporting (IR), its real value has not yet been sufficiently investigated. As integrated reporting development implies high costs for the company, the management has to evaluate the economic advantage of such investment. This study aims to establish whether a high quality IR influences firm market value. Specifically, we investigate whether shareholders take into account the good quality disclosure provided by IR in their investment assessments and reward the outstanding firms. We proxy high quality disclosure by the awards assigned to IRs published by a sample of South African listed companies for the period 2013 to 2016. Using event study methodology, we found out that the stock market reacts positively to award announcements, the value attributed by shareholders to the quality of IR is persistent, grows over time and is particularly high in non-financial companies. This evidence should encourage managers to invest in improving IR disclosure quality. \\n \\n Key words: Integrated reporting, corporate social responsibility, market value, disclosure quality, event study, shareholder.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5897/AJBM2017.8469\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3892fd15577aa705e107f774e0f85254cd07572e\",\n \"result_position\": 2,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 245951549,\n \"title\": \"Forward-looking Disclosures in Integrated Reporting: Evidence from Poland\",\n \"venue\": \"EUROPEAN RESEARCH STUDIES JOURNAL\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Bogusława Bek-Gaik\",\n \"Anna Surowiec\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to identify and evaluate forward-looking disclosures in integrated reports published by Polish companies. The article uses the results of literature studies on the subject, the results of previous research, and observations of business practice in the area of integrated reporting. Design/Methodology/Approach: The quantitative and qualitative content analysis of forward-looking disclosures in integrated reporting was performed in order to assess the current status of integrated reports prepared by Polish companies. The analysis covered 73 integrated reports prepared in the years 2016-2019. Findings: The findings proved that most of the items of future disclosures has the nature of qualitative narrations regarding strategy, information on growth opportunities, industry or market risk, environmental risk, while less attention was paid to investment projects, product research and development plans and financial risk; the analysis also indicated the level of association between current company financial performance and the quality of forwardlooking disclosure of integrated reporting. Practical Implications: The results of the study complement the research gap of current literature on integrated reporting and forward-looking disclosures in Polish practice. Originality/Value: The research presented in the article contributes to the current literature on integrated reporting by identifying the level of forward-looking disclosures in the examined integrated reports and is aimed at presenting a critical interpretative perspective. The findings of the research may provide the basis for proposing the use of different tools (such as management accounting tools e.g. balanced scorecard (BSC)) for the development and presentation of forward-looking disclosures.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.35808/ersj/2824\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/977bf31941bb0f596d1f77de7962340b3346aff5\",\n \"result_position\": 3,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 233805505,\n \"title\": \"Integrated Reporting: Its Benefits, International Framework and Quality Evaluation\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Economics and Public Finance\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Rongxue Jin\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This article gives an explanation of the major objectives and crucial benefits of integrated reporting (IR). In addition, it describes the Guiding Principle “Stakeholder Relationships” and Content Element “Risks and Opportunities” of The International Framework, which is followed by the demonstration on how each of them supports the attainment of those benefits. Finally, this article critically chooses the 2016 annual report of Hyundai Motor Company as an example, evaluates the quality of report and examines its IR practice by assessing whether this company applies the selected Guiding Principle and Content Element effectively to help achieve major benefits of IR. The research method comprises the establishment of evaluation criteria and content analysis of annual reports.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.22158/JEPF.V7N2P47\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9405cd451115bc7ba13de8a596da1677a61de3db\",\n \"result_position\": 4,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 246577004,\n \"title\": \"The Role of Integrated Reporting in Enhancing Corporate Transparency and Communication\",\n \"venue\": \"Business Ethics and Leadership\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Marcel Mock\",\n \"Nicolás Gonzálvez-Gallego\",\n \"Stefan Razik\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The primary purpose of the research is to analyze and evaluate the prospects for the success of Integrated Reporting in terms of its potential to increase corporate transparency and enhance corporate communication. The relevance of the decision of this scientific problem is that the European Union published a proposal for the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive in April 2021 that highlights the importance of intangible assets and value creation. The Directive serves to ensure companies provide consistent and comparable sustainability information. In this context, it places sustainable reporting on par with financial reporting. Systematization of the literary sources and approaches indicates that company reports developed from a financial perspective over the triple bottom line sustainability approach to an integrated approach. Moreover, stakeholders are increasingly demanding more information. Reducing information asymmetries has always been an essential task of company reports. Consequently, the primary purpose of this research is to identify whether Integrated Reporting, according to The International Integrated Reporting Framework, is a successful tool to enhance corporate transparency and communication. Integrated Reporting presents financial and non-financial information against the background of their contribution to value creation. Methodological tools of the research are a research synthesis and meta-analysis literature review. These instruments are developed and enriched using document analysis and systematic content analysis. The research findings suggest that integrated reports enhance transparency and communication, leading to more trust and resilience. Moreover, the results indicate that the principle-oriented framework and the Guiding Principle Materiality enable companies to respond to their specific characteristics to meet the stakeholders’ requirements. The research empirically confirms and theoretically proves that Integrated Reporting can be seen as a suitable instrument for creating greater transparency, thus, a further development step in corporate reporting and communication. Integrated Reporting should therefore not be understood exclusively as a separate reporting tool but rather as a holistic management approach to implement integrated corporate management. The research results are beneficial for academic researchers and practitioners since the research provides an insightful and comprehensive overview of Integrated Reporting. Furthermore, it is also possible to derive practical recommendations for the application of Integrated Reporting.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.21272/bel.5(4).76-89.2021\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9ac608b80363ffb5cedcec8551b8a30d9c68d74d\",\n \"result_position\": 5,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 168829813,\n \"title\": \"The effect of integrated reporting on integrated thinking between risk, opportunity and strategy and the disclosure of risks and opportunities\",\n \"venue\": \"Southern African Business Review\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Moolman\",\n \"M. Oberholzer\",\n \"M. Steyn\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Integrated reporting requires a new form of disclosure to provide a holistic view of the organisation and aims to support integrated thinking, decision-making and actions that focus on the creation of value. The International Integrated Reporting Framework (IIRC 2013b) provides guidelines for the content elements required in an integrated report. One of the content elements is ‘risks and opportunities’. This study firstly assessed whether integrated reporting has enhanced integrated thinking between strategy and the risks and opportunities faced by the organisation. For this purpose, a web-based research questionnaire was sent to high-level implementers of integrated reporting at companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) in South Africa, where integrated reporting is a listing requirement. The results of the study provide new insights for companies preparing integrated reports, as well as other stakeholders, which show that integrated reporting has driven change towards integrated thinking between strategy, risks and opportunities. Secondly, a content analysis was done on a sample derived from the top 100 companies listed on the JSE to determine whether integrated reporting has brought about a change in the disclosure of risks and opportunities. The results provide new research findings and indicate that most companies conform to the disclosure requirements noted in the International Framework (IIRC 2013b) regarding risks and opportunities except for disclosures relating to the assessment of specific risks. The content analysis further found that integrated reporting has driven limited change in the disclosure of risks and opportunities.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.25159/1998-8125/6065\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/16f9fc9ef2341daf84e3b5ae19c0cb7f4f35d87f\",\n \"result_position\": 6,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 259141537,\n \"title\": \"Towards the Voluntary Adoption of Integrated Reporting: Drivers, Barriers, and Practices\",\n \"venue\": \"Administrative Sciences\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Cecília Carmo\",\n \"Inês Correia\",\n \"J. Leite\",\n \"Amélia Carvalho\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Integrated reporting is essentially a voluntary practice worldwide. For this reason, although it is growing, its diffusion is slow. Based on the Portuguese context, where a reduced number of listed companies publish integrated reports, this study aims to explore the drivers and barriers for the voluntary adoption of integrated reporting and the reporting practices up to the production of an integrated report. To this end, an analytical framework based on the Diffusion of Innovation Theory was developed and applied to data collected from a survey and corporate reports from both “adopters” and “non-adopters”. The evidence collected suggests that the adoption of integrated reporting may be driven by the perception of a relative advantage over traditional reporting in terms of providing more relevant information to capital providers, particularly banks. The publication of an integrated report appears to be the result of a process of incremental improvements in the practice of disclosure and assurance of non-financial information, so that the previous experience with sustainability reporting is also an important driver for voluntary integrated reporting. Finally, companies may be differently prepared for transition to integrated reporting and, therefore, have different perceptions of its cost and complexity, which may act as a barrier.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/admsci13060148\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6847a243c5fdf9f87b778e25134c588bd15006d7\",\n \"result_position\": 7,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 236678950,\n \"title\": \"FORMATION OF INTEGRATED REPORTING IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"O. Luhova\",\n \"Tetiana Pisochenko\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The purpose of the paper is to theoretically justify the preparation of integrated reporting, the influence of sustainable development ideas on the formation of the concept of integrated reporting, the problems of its creation and implementation in the practice of organizations. Methodology. The methodological and theoretical basis of the study was made up of the works of scientists and specialists in corporate reporting and sustainable development; frameworks, instructive and methodological materials for the formation of integrated reporting. We used general scientific methods of cognition such as comparison, analysis and synthesis, generalization, systematization, historical and logical methods. Results. Information deficiency arising from the formation of exclusively financial statements stimulates the emergence of integrated reporting. Non-financial reporting (social, environmental, etc.) provides useful information but does not reflect the relationship between different aspects of the company’s activities and its results, which does not contribute to understanding its ability to create value over time. The constant trend of companies to sustainable development involves the study of issues of formation of integrated reporting as a tool for building a sustainable business. The integrated report aims to provide an insight into the company’s resources and relationships that are known as the capitals and how the company interacts with the external environment and the capitals to create value. Key indicators of sustainability reporting, which should be reflected in integrated reporting, are grouped into three components: economic, environmental, and social. They are based on an assessment of the value of business and the value of capitals. Companies interested in implementing integrated reporting face a number of challenges, beginning with the fact that no globally accepted framework specifying what goes into an integrated report exists. But there are a growing number of examples of integrated reports from which companies can learn. Practical implications. This is an explanatory research to come with conceptual paper cited with recent literature for understanding the impact of sustainable development ideas on the emergence of integrated reporting. Despite the long list of internal and external challenges, the list of drivers contains a wide range of business advantages. Value/originality. Integrated reporting is a powerful tool for transparency and information openness of the company, which contributes to the sustainability of the business. Integrated reporting can become a tool for building a sustainable business for a company. In the process of its implementation and formation, the issues of the need to transform the company’s management system, strengthen control over the solution of environmental and social problems, study and improve the company’s business strategy should be resolved.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.30525/2256-0742/2021-7-2-129-138\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4e6824f32f60284c92509e07fa9dbfa2a5b4f469\",\n \"result_position\": 8,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 239188901,\n \"title\": \"Structure of Integrated Reporting, Voluntary Disclosure and Firm-Specific Characteristics in Saudi Arabian Companies\",\n \"venue\": \"International journal of business management\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Mohammad Hariri\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The present study aims towards three research purposes. Firstly, it intends to reveal the pattern that associates the elements of the Integrated Reporting (IR) of companies listed on the Saudi Arabian Stock Exchange (Tadawul). Secondly, it verifies the existence of a relationship between IR practices and some firm-specific characteristics. Third, it examines the similarities between the IR practices of these companies. IR communicates how an organization's strategy, governance, performance, and prospects lead to value creation. The dataset used for the IR elements is retrieved from Tadawul and consists of data regarding integrated reports for 126 companies listed in 2019; while the data for the firm-specific characteristics, as the size of the company, the auditor type and the type of company are extracted from Marketscreener.com and Argaam.com portals. The methodology used consists of the empirical-analytical approach with the use of Optimal Scaling techniques. Main findings consist of a positive association found between the elements of the IR, as well as that the specific characteristics of the firms are not related to the elements of the IR. In our results a dissimilarity is found in the corporate information disclosure practices. These findings reveal a need for a deep investigation of the IR elements and firm characteristics in Saudi Arabian companies. One of the future research direction is a multilinear data for various years such that can reveal a more comprehensive understanding of IR elements and firm characteristics. This study becomes relevant in the context of IR elements and firm characteristics relations, that are not yet studies at their research potential.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5539/ijbm.v16n10p73\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fdbe5c429fea18a4e84bb9db7aa90b1f0c78b515\",\n \"result_position\": 9,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 158997890,\n \"title\": \"Integrated reporting decision usefulness: Mainstream equity market views\",\n \"venue\": \"Accounting forum\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"R. Slack\",\n \"Ioannis Tsalavoutas\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Highlights • Interviews with 22 mainstream UK equity market actors.• Despite institutional support, demand for, and decision-usefulness of, by equity market actors is low.• Low level of discourse within equity market and between users.• Concerns over the Framework and reporting comparability and consistency.• Lack of mandatory compliance and assurance further militates against use. Abstract The International Integrated Reporting () Framework (2013) identified providers of financial capital as its primary users. This research provides evidence from 22 mainstream equity market actors, employed by global investment houses, regarding the decision usefulness of and resistances to , as a reporting framework. Despite institutional-level support for , the interviews reveal that its usefulness to fund managers and equity analysts is low. Concerns are evident over the Framework design and its relevance to more structural issues pertaining to equity market culture. The implication of this is that may become a reporting fad, not embedded into mainstream investment thinking.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.accfor.2018.01.005\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7a74023d8d8163072831416dc43566ad12120571\",\n \"result_position\": 10,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 252228768,\n \"title\": \"New Directions in the European Union’s Regulatory Framework for Corporate Reporting, Due Diligence and Accountability: The Challenge of Complexity\",\n \"venue\": \"European Journal of Risk Regulation\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"C. Villiers\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"\\n Climate change and the pursuit of sustainability and sustainable business might be regarded as among the world’s “wicked problems”, especially as they are multi-dimensional problems. Achieving corporate accountability in this context is also difficult when corporate structures are complex as they operate globally and through supply chains. At the European level, under the Green Deal, the Sustainable Finance Initiative and the Sustainable Corporate Governance Initiative include new reporting requirements to amend and expand the scope and application of the 2014 Non-Financial Reporting Directive, alongside changes to directors’ duties to ensure they take account of stakeholders’ needs and environmental and human rights due diligence requirements. This paper will argue that these legislative and regulatory efforts are to be welcomed, but the complexity of the regulation threatens to undermine its potential impact. It may therefore be necessary to reduce some of the complexity of the regulatory arrangements. However, some complexity may increase resilience and adaptability for responding to the risks involved in the uncertainty and unpredictability of climate change and in dealing with complex corporate structures. The answer is to provide robust regulation that will prompt the corporate behaviours required to avoid the catastrophic trajectory we currently face.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1017/err.2022.25\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/10e3f656d8b3a8acda4d652d28ef216fef6911b4\",\n \"result_position\": 11,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 265290734,\n \"title\": \"Hallmarks of integrated thinking\",\n \"venue\": \"The British Accounting Review\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ruth Dimes\",\n \"C. de Villiers\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Integrated Thinking, the management approach associated with Integrated Reporting, has been hailed as a way of improving organisational decision-making and internal communication, leading to sustainable value creation. Yet Integrated Thinking remains poorly defined and understood. By analysing and synthesising the findings from an emerging body of case study evidence, this paper brings new theoretical insights into how Integrated Thinking is conceptualised and practised and its unique relationship with Integrated Reporting. We reveal Integrated Thinking to bring considerable tension to organisations as managers attempt to adapt to conflicting stakeholder priorities. Organisations which manage this tension and experience some success with Integrated Thinking typically exhibit four ‘hallmarks ’ , namely: 1) a deliberate drive by the board and CEO to encourage Integrated Thinking, 2) an Integrated Strategy developed through extensive stakeholder engagement and understanding of value creation, 3) the creation, or enhancement, of an organisational culture of trust and collaboration, and 4) the development of Integrated Intelligence, comprising integrated Performance Management Systems (PMS) and the use of multi-functional teams for decision-making. We present a new conceptual framework of Integrated Thinking in practice, reflect on its relationship with developments in sustainable management practices more broadly and propose several avenues for future research.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.bar.2023.101281\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5b88c6353488a6a9355eded630b6bae18b9b747b\",\n \"result_position\": 12,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 276172779,\n \"title\": \"The Impact of Audit Firm Size on the Relationship between Integrated Reporting and Sustainability Performance: Conceptual Paper\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ali Al Sanasleh\",\n \"N. Jaffar\",\n \"Saidatunur Fauzi bin Saidin\",\n \"Saddam Al Nohood\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This study seeks to develop theoretical frameworks regarding the impact of audit quality and integrated reporting on financial, environmental, social and governance (FESG) sustainability performance. This will assist future empirical research in investigating how the interplay of these two factors influences FESG sustainability performance. The objective is to determine whether these dimensions function synergistically or independently in influencing FESG sustainability performance. This study anticipates that the interaction between audit quality and integrated reporting quality will significantly enhance FESG sustainability performance. This study provides regulators, corporations, and stakeholders with theoretical insights to advocate for integrated reporting and stringent corporate governance, such as the Big Four audit firms. Thus, companies can generate long-term value and attain transparency and accountability, resulting in reduced capital costs, elevated valuations, and enhanced FESG sustainability performance.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.6007/ijarafms/v15-i1/24623\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b6de20132cceabe5c4ee5f2f29dd1f514c8bb53d\",\n \"result_position\": 13,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 190463699,\n \"title\": \"Do Boards Determine Integrated Reporting in Nigerian Listed Oil and Gas Firms?\",\n \"venue\": \"SEISENSE Journal of Management\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"T. Orshi\",\n \"K. Dandago\",\n \"Rehanet Isa\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Purpose: Integrated reporting is a process founded on integrated thinking, with the aim of issuing periodic integrated reports by firms about value creation over time. This study investigates the effect of board attributes (independence, diligence, and size) on the quality of integrated reporting of Nigerian listed oil and gas firms. \\nDesign/Methodology: Panel data are obtained from annual reports of a purposive sample of 10 out of the 12 listed Oil and Gas firms in Nigeria from 2013 to 2017. These are analyzed using multiple regression techniques, via STATA 13.0 software. \\nResults: Based on the analysis conducted, findings show that the board independence and board size have a significant and positive effect, while board diligence has an insignificant and positive effect on the quality of integrated reporting, proxied by integrated reporting disclosure score (IRDSCORE). This outcome implies that having the optimum mix of members on the board influences the extent of integrated disclosures of listed oil and gas firms in Nigeria. \\nPractical Implications: Global corporate reporting is currently driving towards integrated thinking, incorporating financial, governance, social and environmental issues to promote long-term value creation. As a third world nation, the adoption of integrated reports is voluntary in Nigeria. However, considering the information needs of all stakeholders and appointing qualified persons on the board by shareholders, and formulating enabling policies in this direction by regulatory agencies would drive corporate reporting to be more integrative to drive long-term value maximization.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.33215/SJOM.V2I4.157\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7a7c4681a3360ec1f7d1c80900db3031a63b30b3\",\n \"result_position\": 14,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 211802864,\n \"title\": \"An empirical analysis of stakeholders’ expectations and integrated reporting quality\",\n \"venue\": \"Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"C. Cosmulese\",\n \"M. Socoliuc\",\n \"Marius Ciubotariu\",\n \"Svetlana Mihailă\",\n \"V. Grosu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Within the present-day economic situation ensuring a competitive position coincides with its ability of managing its relationship with the stakeholders regarding the distribution of the added value...\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/1331677x.2019.1680303\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5b8b8b0085987a1713734ef389f27dd8cfe62d42\",\n \"result_position\": 15,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 169557882,\n \"title\": \"Exploring the perspectives of integrated reporting for future research opportunities\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Accounting and Management Information Systems\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Chirața Caraiani\",\n \"C. Lungu\",\n \"Alina Bratu\",\n \"Cornelia Dascalu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This paper investigates the perspectives of integrated reporting as an emerging field in mainstream academic literature. The current state of research and its development are explored by using the Structured Literature Review (SLR) method on publications indexed in Clarivate Analytics’ Web of Science. An analytical framework is designed for applying the coding procedure. The findings suggest an evolution of integrated reporting research from the phase of spreading awareness regarding the new reporting paradigm towards an impact analysis phase. The accounting and audit journals are noted to have greatly contributed to the shift of IR literature towards studying the integrated reporting as a reporting practice. A further purpose is to examine newly developed research interest in integrated reporting and to establish future paths to be followed. Future research might bring to discussion possible links between integrated reporting, governance and integrated thinking. The complex interrelationships influencing the companies’ ability to create value for the multi-stakeholders need to frame the practice-oriented research.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.24818/JAMIS.2018.04002\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3594da6308fdece436bc901fea6f78ea1b485ff4\",\n \"result_position\": 16,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 59493990,\n \"title\": \"Management Control Systems and Integrated Reporting: Which Relationships? The Case of the Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Ancona\",\n \"venue\": \"International journal of business management\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Marco Gatti\",\n \"M. S. Chiucchi\",\n \"Marco Montemari\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This article explores the contribution that management accountants and management control systems can give to the design and the implementation of an integrated reporting system. In particular, the case of the Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Ancona is analysed in the aim of highlighting the role played by the management accountant in promoting the design and implementation of the integrated report in the specific context under investigation. The empirical evidence adds to the extant literature on this issue by showing the relevant role played by management control systems and by management accountants as well and, in particular, how the latter can significantly influence the whole design and implementation process at an organisational, technical, and motivational level.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5539/IJBM.V13N9P169\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a74edaa0a851ade6aeee5b06d46e3c5b768c677e\",\n \"result_position\": 17,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 55366876,\n \"title\": \"Integrated Reporting: Development and State of Art —The Italian Case in the International Context\",\n \"venue\": \"International journal of business management\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Filippo Vitolla\",\n \"Nicola Raimo\",\n \"Elbano de Nuccio\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The attention to integrated reporting has more and more increased, since the birth, in 2010 of IIRC, to the present day. This practice, in recent years, is arousing the interest not only of practitioners, but also of academics. In this perspective, the reconstruction of the development process and a series of in-depth analyses on the topic can represent an important source of information for practitioners and a solid basis for future research by academics. This study aims to meet this dual need through a reconstruction of the development process and an analysis of the benefits and of the current state of integrated reporting in the world. The study also presents an important focus on the situation of integrated reporting in Italy by virtue of the recent implementation of Legislative Decree n. 254 of December 30, 2016. This rule provides for the obligation to prepare a non-financial statement starting from the year 2017 and offers many insights on the progress of integrated reporting. The study shows the central, but not unique role of legislation in the adoption and dissemination of integrated reporting.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5539/IJBM.V13N11P233\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/aea93c45ef721f6972db460ded714fe59c9abebe\",\n \"result_position\": 18,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 233453316,\n \"title\": \"Investigation on the Value Relevance of Integrated Reporting and Organizational Capital: Evidence From Sri Lanka\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Financial Research\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Haleem\",\n \"S. T. Ahamed\",\n \"Wewaldeniyage Shanika Lakmali Kumarasing\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Integrated reporting is a developing reporting aspect in order to assess problems relating to corporate reporting. It provides a comprehensive account of organizational worth. This paper aims to assess whether integrated reporting and organizational capital increase the value relevance of firms. A checklist containing 100 integrated reports of banks which are listed in Colombo stock exchange were used for the analysis. Data were collected over the period from 2010 to 2019. Statistical analysis was done using the EWIS. Finding reveals that the book value of equity, earnings before interest and taxation of the equity of the bank, leverage of the bank and Organizational capital have a direct effect on the market value of equity of the bank while return on equity and size does not have a positive impact on the market value of equity of the bank. And to the best of our knowledge, it reveals that there is a significant effect of integrated reporting on the value relevance of organizations. Future research avenues were identified and the suggestions for future research on integrated reporting were provided. The findings bring out different implications for managers, decision-makers and the research community as well. This study further expands the existing knowledge on integrated reporting and sets the foundation for future researchers.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5430/ijfr.v11n6p372\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cc27b66c742aaa6344d054c9c96d817632fe7133\",\n \"result_position\": 19,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 56228532,\n \"title\": \"Integrated Reporting as a Tool for Communicating with Stakeholders - Advantages and Disadvantages\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Iwona Matuszyk\",\n \"Bartosz Rymkiewicz\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Financial and non-financial reporting from the beginning of its existence is the primary source of communication between the company and a wide range of stakeholders. Over the decades it has adapted to the needs of rapidly changing business and social environment. Currently, the final link in the evolution of organizational reporting, such as integrated reporting, assumes integration and mutual connectivity to both financial and non-financial data. The main interest in the concept of integrated reporting comes from the value it contributes to the organization. Undoubtedly, the concept of integrated reporting is a milestone in the evolution of organizational reporting. It is however important to consider whether it adequately addresses the information needs of a wide range of stakeholders, and whether it is a universal tool for communication between the company and its stakeholders. The aim of the paper is to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the concept of integrated reporting as a tool for communication with stakeholders and to further directions of its development. The article uses the research methods such as literature analysis, the content analysis of the corporate publications and comparative analysis.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1051/E3SCONF/20183506004\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e882d25d5125f80cfe4f2cfdad6b92fd87f22e13\",\n \"result_position\": 20,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 54491818,\n \"title\": \"Sustainable Development and Corporate Communication in Global Markets\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2014,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Daniela M. Salvioni\",\n \"Luisa Bosetti\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The increasing importance of sustainability for corporate governance involves paying stronger attention to the principles and values dominating internal and external relationships; moreover, it requires innovation in the internal processes of behavioural orientation, as well as in external communication. In particular, the multidimensionality of responsibilities, goals and results has determined progressive changes in corporate communication. This article aims at investigating the linkage among sustainability, stakeholder relations management and effectiveness of corporate communication. More exactly, the article intends to highlight the transition from a period of disorderly enlargement of corporate communication to a phase characterised by a new concept of integrated reporting. Integrated reporting is based on broadly shared principles and it encourages the development of a stand-alone document concerning governance, financial and socio-environmental performance.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.4468/2014.1.03SALVIONI.BOSETTI\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a2052bc6674f373ded10de4d170d332e9a6521b6\",\n \"result_position\": 21,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 55012616,\n \"title\": \"TOWARDS AN INTERPRETIVE MEASUREMENT FRAMEWORK TO ASSESS THE LEVELS OF INTEGRATED AND INTEGRATIVE THINKING WITHIN ORGANISATIONS\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2015,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Daniel Schörger\",\n \"K. Sewchurran\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This research study is located within the context of corporate reporting and is relevant for the agenda of sustainability and sustainable development. The specific context for this study is the South African mining industry, within which three units in the form of three companies, were chosen to provide a coherent case for this study. The sample for the analysis is based on the integrated reports of these companies for the years 2012 and 2013. This gives this research a total sample size of six reports. Based on the research findings an initial interpretive measurement framework to assess the levels of capital integration has been theorised which enables the various stakeholders of an organisation to assess the integrated and integrative thinking capabilities. The level of integration is represented as a maturity scale on which integrated thinking is associated with the lower levels, while integrative thinking is attributed to higher levels of maturity. In the elaborated framework, integrated thinking is perceived as being a prerequisite for integrative thinking. The practical implication of this study is that it provides a potential measurement framework for various organisational stakeholders, including investors, to assess the thinking capabilities that are more likely to lead to long term financial stability and sustainability. The value of this research study is that it provides an initial step towards measuring the level of integrated and integrative thinking capabilities within organisations where no such measurement framework currently exists. The limitations and implications of this research study are that the interpretive measurement framework represents merely an initial step and an ongoing working hypothesis which requires further research to develop its maturity and usefulness.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.22495/RGCV5I3ART5\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ed822e47b7e32976ebe4fcc8ca967616c57eab49\",\n \"result_position\": 22,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 167832583,\n \"title\": \"Integrated Reporting in Business Communication： On the Example of Polish Listed Companies\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2015,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ryszard Kamiński\",\n \"Adam Mickiewicz\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This work focuses on integrated reporting as an element of companies’ communication with the external environment. It shows the place and role of integrated reporting in system of communication with various stakeholders and with investors in particular. It also proposes that integrated reporting is a concise communication tool depicting how an organization’s strategy, governance, performance, and prospects lead to the creation of value over the short, medium, and long term. This means an integrated representation of a company’s performance in terms of financial and other value relevant information. Thus, integrated reporting goes beyond the traditionally understood business financial reporting. The main aim of this paper is to explain the concept of integrated reporting and to identify the role and place of this reporting type in the system of corporate communication. An additional aim is to show the development of integrated reporting in Poland which is a relatively new EU member as well as emerging market. In conclusion, the considerations stated that the report integrated—as a report integrating financial and non-financial content, covering both past and future (which facilitates decision making)—can effectively satisfy the information needs of investors. In Poland, unfortunately, integrated reporting is not widely used. A company which produces integrated reports is based on different standards. This hampers the comparability of these reports and thus reduces their use by stakeholders. In consequence, the information needs of stakeholders are not satisfactorily addressed.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.17265/1537-1506/2015.10.001\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0521bcc37d6aeb1d17d2a5f51b28a8edbe5388ca\",\n \"result_position\": 23,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 236386639,\n \"title\": \"Archival research on integrated reporting: a systematic review of main drivers and the impact of integrated reporting on firm value\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Management and Governance\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Patrick Velte\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Integrated reporting (IR) represents an innovative approach to business reporting especially by Public Interest Entities (PIEs). In addition to financial capital, the integrated report includes material information about manufactured, intellectual, human, social and relational, and natural capitals. Although there has been a steady growth in empirical IR research, there is—as yet—no literature review on the business case for IR. Thus, the purpose of this study is to convey a detailed understanding of the governance-, (non) financial performance-, and reporting-related determinants of IR and its contribution to firm value in line with the business case argument. To do so, we selected 85 quantitative peer-reviewed archival studies on that topic. We have then differentiated said studies between those that focus on IR adoption versus those that focus on IR quality, with a legitimacy- and stakeholder-theory-based framework. This differentiation is crucial, to stress the challenges of greenwashing policies and information overload. Here, in contrast to former literature reviews on IR, we provide new insights into this emerging research topic and concentrate on archival IR research. We are also interested in recent moderator- and mediator analysis in archival IR research since the business case argument for IR may require a specific environment, in addition to the main variables we have included. We likewise give a detailed overview of included variables and proxies and compare their main statistical effects. Our literature review demonstrates that (1) board composition and (2) stakeholder pressure positively influence IR quality; whereas (3) (non) financial performance leads to increased IR adoption and quality. We also find that both IR adoption and IR quality are linked with positive consequences on firm valuation, as they lead to higher total performance measures. Last but not least, this analysis includes useful recommendations for future IR research.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/S10997-021-09582-W\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1050f7feac40c5bca8b940d8a7e8bdc91d2798eb\",\n \"result_position\": 24,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 169797437,\n \"title\": \"Integrated Reporting Quality: An Empirical Analysis\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Pistoni\",\n \"Lucrezia Songini\",\n \"F. Bavagnoli\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1002/CSR.1474\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/57ee01ec45f55ecebf097f246efd0da8d37527a4\",\n \"result_position\": 25,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 214497425,\n \"title\": \"Integrated reporting of environmental, social, and governance and financial data: Does the market value integrated reports?\",\n \"venue\": \"Business Strategy and the Environment\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Alexander Landau\",\n \"J. Rochell\",\n \"C. Klein\",\n \"Bernhard Zwergel\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The concept of reporting nonfinancial information within the annual report, so-called Integrated Reporting (IR) is a rising topic in reporting practice. Supporters claim that IR provides a better view regarding the value creation of a firm. This study investigates the value relevance of IR and the influence of certain characteristics such as assurance. Thus, this paper contributes to the existing literature by examining the actual advantages for firms when adopting an IR approach. The Ohlson model is applied for the market valuation of 50 companies of the STOXX Europe 50 between the years 2010 and 2016. The results of this study support the cost-concerned school by showing a negative influence on the market value. None-theless, the study suggests that the quality of the reports is relevant for market valuation, as the negative effect is mitigated by the quality of the reports.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1002/bse.2467\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ccda9da639b20a8624f413c9a937f889b2ba4185\",\n \"result_position\": 26,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 154324728,\n \"title\": \"The international integrated reporting framework : key issues and future research opportunities\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2014,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Mandy M. Cheng\",\n \"Wendy Green\",\n \"Pieter Conradie\",\n \"Noriyuki Konishi\",\n \"Andrea M. Romi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1111/JIFM.12015\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0a52c69d6eefe89b07c8b3e9b8736a741d9cd4cc\",\n \"result_position\": 27,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 225628854,\n \"title\": \"Learning from the Best: New Challenges and Trends in IR Reporters’ Disclosure and the Role of SDGs\",\n \"venue\": \"Sustainability\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Izzo\",\n \"Alberto Dello Strologo\",\n \"Fabrizio Granà\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"A worldwide debate on the effectiveness of business reporting information has engaged organizations, policy makers, regulators, and members of the capital market. The documents through which organizations disclose their annual performance are being questioned and criticized, as they appear inadequate for responding to stakeholder needs. In 2013, the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) launched a project with the aim of redesigning corporate reporting processes and outputs, introducing integrated reporting (IR). At the center of IR are the six capitals defined by the IIRC representing the basis for an innovative form of evaluating and presenting performance. New topics on the global sustainable development agenda are growing in importance, requiring companies to enrich their disclosure and connect business to environment. In this study, we examined how a group of leaders in IR, 134 European companies from the IIRC IR reporters list, are currently disclosing IR capital and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), developing three evaluation scores: Capital Disclosure Index, SDG Disclosure Index, and SDG Compliance Index.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/su12145545\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d302774edbc14e91add3518b43ae6ebaa2e7bb1b\",\n \"result_position\": 28,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 153635245,\n \"title\": \"Is integrated reporting determined by a country's legal system? An exploratory study\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2013,\n \"authors\": [\n \"José-Valeriano Frías-Aceituno\",\n \"Lázaro Rodríguez‐Ariza\",\n \"Isabel‐María García‐Sánchez\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2012.12.006\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/31900fa7261cd19ff90f2672042031c93ca59c19\",\n \"result_position\": 29,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 145771963,\n \"title\": \"Walking the talk(s): Organisational narratives of integrated reporting\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2014,\n \"authors\": [\n \"C. Higgins\",\n \"W. Stubbs\",\n \"T. Love\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1108/AAAJ-04-2013-1303\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e4efff99428b21dcd2a06bd7ec862466f676a1ee\",\n \"result_position\": 30,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 219000427,\n \"title\": \"Integrated reporting and change: evidence from public universities\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting and Financial Management\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Silvia Iacuzzi\",\n \"A. Garlatti\",\n \"P. Fedele\",\n \"A. Lombrano\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"PurposeThis paper aims to set out the case for integrated reporting (IR) and its potential to lead to change in the public sector by examining it in practice and analyzing the challenges associated with its implementation.Design/methodology/approachThe paper investigates the role of IR in the public sector through the development of a theoretical framework applied to a case study focused on the University of Udine in Italy.FindingsIR can be considered more as an incremental than a groundbreaking transformation of existing arrangements and approaches. The analysis revealed that the vagueness, complexity and intrinsic discrepancy between the IR concept and its operationalization brought the University of Udine to challenge and debate the IR approach and ultimately, to reconceptualize and implement its own version that better fitted its strategic aims, its intended audience and its status as a public entity.Research limitations/implicationsThe application of the findings to other contexts should be further investigated, while the analytical framework should be applied to different settings and could be enriched to add knowledge and sharpen the paradigms of integrated thinking and value co-creation. Moreover, the interviews focused on people directly involved in the preparation of the integrated report, excluding other stakeholders. Further research could explore their perceptions of IR and focus on their understanding of the IR as well as the value co-creation process.Practical implicationsThe findings provide decision makers with insights about how IR can be promoted to enhance its impact on value co-creation. The key processes to be considered for a public organization are integrated thinking and value co-creation, while the key aspects to be investigated in an integrated report for the public sector are materiality and stakeholder engagement. Yet, the IR framework is missing indications on how to account for stakeholders' inputs, outputs and outcomes in a value co-creation process, which is fundamental in a public service logic.Originality/valueThe results shed further light on two fundamental phenomena in the public sector, namely, integrated thinking and value co-creation. The paper also answers the call for more empirical research on IR's rhetoric and practice and on its concrete role in the value creation process.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1108/jpbafm-08-2019-0120\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6a33ed8c3a3d2e0c01b845795ec47a0409e67bc7\",\n \"result_position\": 31,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 154572402,\n \"title\": \"Stakeholders’ Perspectives on the Role of Regulatory Reform in Integrated Reporting\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Business Ethics\",\n \"year\": 2015,\n \"authors\": [\n \"W. Stubbs\",\n \"C. Higgins\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s10551-015-2954-0\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/182e6a81fdb04a078a607bf16de524f2d2a73b0f\",\n \"result_position\": 32,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 265489128,\n \"title\": \"Measuring the integrated reporting quality in Europe: balanced scorecard perspectives\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Financial Reporting & Accounting\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Omar Hassan Ali Nada\",\n \"Z. Győri\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"\\nPurpose\\nThe aim of this study is to evaluate the adoption and quality of integrated reports in the European Union (EU).\\n\\n\\nDesign/methodology/approach\\nThe sample consists of 147 listed firms from the 18 EU countries during 2013–2020. This study creates a disclosure index – based on the balanced scorecard (BSC) that reflects the information content of integrated reports. The content analysis method is used to measure the integrated reporting quality (IRQ).\\n\\n\\nFindings\\nThe findings demonstrate that the IRQ increased across the study’s time frame, going from 49.3% in 2013 to 77% in 2020. Furthermore, financial disclosures still get the most attention in the integrated reporting (IR), followed by learning and growth perspective disclosures. In addition, businesses in the financial and industrial sectors rely more on integrated reports. However, the utility sector has the highest IRQ score. By country, Spain has the highest rate of IR adoption, followed by France. Other countries, such as Austria and Hungary, have only implemented IR by one company each.\\n\\n\\nResearch limitations/implications\\nThis study adds to the IR literature a new approach to measure IRQ by linking BSC with the IR framework. Empirically, businesses of any size can use this method to assess the degree of balance between the revealed financial and nonfinancial information in their reports.\\n\\n\\nPractical implications\\nEmpirically, this study helps IR practitioners in determining how widely IR is used in Europe and in updating the database on the IR website. It helps them update and improve the IR framework by identifying the elements that have the least transparency and quality, investigating the causes and enhancing them.\\n\\n\\nOriginality/value\\nTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to examine the IRQ in EU countries by linking the BSC with IR elements. This is to split the elements into their own pillars, making it easier to track disclosure and evaluate the corporations’ interest in revealing these perspectives, on their own and collectively.\\n\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1108/jfra-03-2023-0134\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7a4dc742ddeb50c736e182f44b0556d2b9cb8bcb\",\n \"result_position\": 33,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 154593275,\n \"title\": \"A Template for Integrated Reporting\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2013,\n \"authors\": [\n \"I. Abeysekera\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1108/14691931311323869\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bf2698ea941e208c9d1c5b1af1c7827ef4375489\",\n \"result_position\": 34,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 245951498,\n \"title\": \"The Quality of Business Model Disclosure in Integrated Reporting: Evidence from Poland\",\n \"venue\": \"EUROPEAN RESEARCH STUDIES JOURNAL\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Bogusława Bek-Gaik\",\n \"Anna Surowiec\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to identify and evaluate business model disclosures in integrated reports published by Polish companies. The article attempts to determine how practitioners understand and explain the concept of a business model and whether the implementation of integrated reporting has influenced the scope and form of presenting information on the business model. The article uses the results of literature studies on the subject, the results of previous research, and observations of business practice in the area of integrated reporting. Design/methodology/approach: The quantitative and qualitative content analysis of business model disclosures in integrated reporting was performed in order to assess the current status of business model disclosures presented by Polish companies. The analysis covered 74 integrated reports prepared in the years 2016-2019. Findings: The findings proved that most elements of business model have the nature of qualitative narrations regarding strategy, various forms of capital, business activities and outputs, while less attention was paid to business model adaptability, position of the organization within the value chain, waist/by-products, and outcomes' effect on various forms of capital. Practical Implications: The results of the study complement the research gap of current literature on business model disclosures quality in Polish practice. Originality/Value: The research presented in the article contributes to the current literature on integrated reporting by using the novel dataset, identifying the level of business model disclosures in the examined integrated reports, and is aimed at presenting a critical interpretative perspective.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.35808/ersj/2826\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/00e27b79be560389e36e656123b1cd0fbc99e6c9\",\n \"result_position\": 35,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 254786991,\n \"title\": \"Archival research on integrated reporting: a systematic review of main drivers and the impact of integrated reporting on firm value\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Management and Governance\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Patrick Velte\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Integrated reporting (IR) represents an innovative approach to business reporting especially by Public Interest Entities (PIEs). In addition to financial capital, the integrated report includes material information about manufactured, intellectual, human, social and relational, and natural capitals. Although there has been a steady growth in empirical IR research, there is—as yet—no literature review on the business case for IR. Thus, the purpose of this study is to convey a detailed understanding of the governance-, (non) financial performance-, and reporting-related determinants of IR and its contribution to firm value in line with the business case argument. To do so, we selected 85 quantitative peer-reviewed archival studies on that topic. We have then differentiated said studies between those that focus on IR adoption versus those that focus on IR quality, with a legitimacy- and stakeholder-theory-based framework. This differentiation is crucial, to stress the challenges of greenwashing policies and information overload. Here, in contrast to former literature reviews on IR, we provide new insights into this emerging research topic and concentrate on archival IR research. We are also interested in recent moderator- and mediator analysis in archival IR research since the business case argument for IR may require a specific environment, in addition to the main variables we have included. We likewise give a detailed overview of included variables and proxies and compare their main statistical effects. Our literature review demonstrates that (1) board composition and (2) stakeholder pressure positively influence IR quality; whereas (3) (non) financial performance leads to increased IR adoption and quality. We also find that both IR adoption and IR quality are linked with positive consequences on firm valuation, as they lead to higher total performance measures. Last but not least, this analysis includes useful recommendations for future IR research.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s10997-021-09582-w\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/419971364ab87e81949b9ad72afc317a8a982d80\",\n \"result_position\": 36,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 225164996,\n \"title\": \"Does Integrated Reporting Enhance the Value Relevance of Information? Evidence from Sri Lanka\",\n \"venue\": \"Sustainability\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"T. Cooray\",\n \"S. Senaratne\",\n \"A. Gunarathne\",\n \"Roshan Herath\",\n \"D. Samudrage\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This paper examines the relationship between the level of integrated reporting (IR) based on the extent of adoption of the International Integrated Reporting Framework (IIRF) and the firm value (a proxy for value relevance of IR) in Sri Lanka, where the adoption of IR is a voluntary exercise. Using a comprehensive disclosure checklist, 117 integrated reports were content-analyzed, and then two regression models assessed the value relevance of IR disclosure. The study notes an increasing trend toward the adoption of IIRF in the preparation of integrated reports overall, as well as of each content element of IIRF. However, this rising trend has not significantly impacted the firm value by itself. Hence, this study’s findings do not support the enlightened stakeholder’s view on the subject of IR in Sri Lanka. Instead, it shows a significant positive relationship with the firm value when combined with the information on earnings (earnings per share), indicating that IIRF-compliant IR improves the value relevance of accounting information. This study offers insights for policymakers, professional accounting bodies, and practitioners on how investors make use of the information disclosed in integrated reports in their decision-making.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/su12198183\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/eca877eec112b1e44fa478edc87c6e0e5c3cf81e\",\n \"result_position\": 37,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 110189473,\n \"title\": \"The International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) Integrated Reporting Framework: Toward Better Sustainability Reporting and (Way) Beyond\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2013,\n \"authors\": [\n \"P. Soyka\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1002/TQEM.21357\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e3dac4aa68eb21befc9d4add718f6fb29e8e6f20\",\n \"result_position\": 38,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 6888998,\n \"title\": \"The Compliance of the Integrated Reports Issued by European Financial Companies with the International Integrated Reporting Framework\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"I. Sofian\",\n \"M. Dumitru\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Integrated reporting (IR) is an emerging practice increasingly capturing the attention of companies. The purpose of this paper is to analyze how the integrated reports issued by companies from the financial sector in Europe are following the guidance of the International Integrated Reporting Framework (IIRF). To achieve this objective, we analyzed the way in which the integrated reports of eight companies are following the guidance provided by the IIRF. As a result, we noticed that the annual report of Generali scored the highest compliance level with the guidance of the IIRF, but each one of the companies stood out with respect to at least one of the guiding principles or fundamental concepts mentioned in the IIRF. Although the companies included in the sample are in different stages of IR adoption, our results contribute to understanding the practice of IR. The conclusions support the use of a tool to measure the compliance of an integrated report to the existing requirements in the context of an industry linked to many other domains.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/SU9081319\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3710d9442fcbe55550fe5865de1f6bc1073bd69d\",\n \"result_position\": 39,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 139089843,\n \"title\": \"Disclosure of Intellectual Capital Components in Integrated Reporting: An Empirical Analysis\",\n \"venue\": \"Sustainability\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"S. Santis\",\n \"Michela Bianchi\",\n \"A. Incollingo\",\n \"Marco Bisogno\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The purpose of the study is to investigate how firms disclose information in their integrated report (IR) on intellectual capital (IC), regarding its components and their link with the value creation process. Therefore, by adopting a content analysis methodology, the study, which covers three years (2014–2016), is focused on IC. A sample of firms belonging to the financial services sector is investigated by analysing 135 integrated reports. The main findings show that firms, on the one hand, provide information on IC by adopting a classification close to those outlined by IC scholars; on the other hand, the vast majority of the investigated firms tends to adopt a superficial approach. More specifically, firms disclose a low amount of information about the link between IC and the value creation process, even though they are aware of its importance.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/SU11010062\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d7b0b0079801cc12024e517346ce25b5a5220efe\",\n \"result_position\": 40,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 226353251,\n \"title\": \"Disclosing Information on Financial and Non-Financial Capitals in the Integrated Report: An Empirical Analysis of Financial Industry\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"S. Santis\",\n \"Michela Bianchi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This study investigates how firms within the financial industry disclose financial and non-financial information in their integrated reports, by analyzing a sample of the banking sector published over five years (2014–2018). During the first phase, a content analysis methodology was conducted to investigate the disclosure level of six forms of capital, i.e., capitals. A principal component analysis then was implemented to reduce the dimensionality and investigate the relationship between capitals’ information. The main findings show that during the observed period, the focus mainly is on financial capital, while information on non-financial capitals is underdeveloped. A relationship exists among all non-financial capitals, but not between financial and non-financial capitals. The paper contributes to the academic debate on the use of integrated reports (IRs) in practice, providing useful insights regarding financial and non-financial disclosure.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5539/ijbm.v15n11p62\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/58b8af2ea936100ad67d7bf33abf6c8b7d083ce1\",\n \"result_position\": 41,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 276177713,\n \"title\": \"Determinants and Future Directions of Integrated Reporting: A Systematic Review and Research Agenda\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of logistics, informatics and service science\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Mohd Salehudin\",\n \"Mohd Simpol\",\n \"M. Azli\",\n \"H. A. Khan\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \". This systematic literature review examines the determinants of integrated reporting (IR) adoption and identifies future research directions. Analyzing 32 articles published between 2012 and 2022, we employ a mixed-methods approach combining bibliometric analysis and qualitative content analysis. Our findings reveal that firm size, profitability, board characteristics, and stakeholder orientation are key drivers of voluntary IR adoption. The review identifies significant research gaps, including a lack of qualitative insights, limited focus on SMEs, and minimal exploration of IR assurance practices. We propose a research agenda emphasizing qualitative approaches, stakeholder perspectives, and comparative analyses to advance IR scholarship. This review contributes to the literature by synthesizing current knowledge on IR determinants and outlining priority areas for future research to enhance understanding of this emerging corporate reporting practice.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.33168/jliss.2024.1119\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/02fb1d9efa53e9f0ba4d5c3ad63036d9818b5b83\",\n \"result_position\": 42,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 247061196,\n \"title\": \"Does Multiple Capitals Disclosure Affect the Capital Market? An Empirical Analysis in an Integrated Reporting Perspective\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Psychology\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yanqi Sun\",\n \"Xin Qiao\",\n \"Yi An\",\n \"Qiaoling Fang\",\n \"Na Wu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Integrated reporting (IR), as a novel corporate reporting approach, focuses on how six forms of capital promote corporate value. This paper explores whether this kind of multiple capitals disclosure (MCD) framework has an impact on the capital market. Using a sample of Chinese A-share firms from 2012 to 2016, we examine the relationship between MCD quality and firm value. The results indicate that a higher MCD quality leads to a greater firm value. Our results are robust to a variety of sensitivity tests. Further evidence suggests that MCD quality could increase profitability by affecting the decision-making of non-financial stakeholders and enhance the value relevance of financial information by affecting the decision-making of investors. The paper helps understand how the IR approach affects the perception of investors on the value of a firm. The findings of the paper are of interest to academics, corporate management, investors, and governmental officials.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fpsyg.2022.837209\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/037ca19c79591e711f17f1395552ff3812c1de49\",\n \"result_position\": 43,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 266665477,\n \"title\": \"IMPACT OF INTEGRATED REPORTING DISCLOSURE ON ACCOUNTING-BASED PERFORMANCE OF ASIAN LISTED COMPANIES\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Business Society\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Guo Qian\",\n \"R. Sapingi\",\n \"N. Husin\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This study aims to examine the relationship between the quality of integrated reporting (IR) disclosure and firm performance in Asia listed companies. An integrated report score based on eight content elements taken from the IIRC framework was used to assess the quality of the IR disclosures of 90 Asian companies in 2019. Firm performance is evaluated using accounting-based measures such as return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). This study used a positivist research approach, the results show that the quality of IR disclosure of listed companies in Asia is sufficient. The study found a significant positive relationship between IR disclosure quality and ROA & ROE. It shows that the higher the quality of IR disclosure, the better the economic benefits of the company. The main practical implications of this study focus on calling for improved quality of IR issued by listed companies in Asia, as it provides evidence for a higher degree of financial performance achieved through high-quality disclosure of IR.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.33736/ijbs.6418.2023\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/71ea9f7d4cd0fd33809f1b9e975c55919df98078\",\n \"result_position\": 44,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 254103035,\n \"title\": \"NON-FINANCIAL REPORTING AND ELEMENTS OF PERFORMANCE - ANALYSIS OF STATE OWNED ENTERPRISES IN CROATIA, SLOVENIA AND HUNGARY\",\n \"venue\": \"Ekonomska Misao i Praksa\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Martina Dragija Kostić\",\n \"Josip Čičak\",\n \"Matej Ljubić\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Background: Non-financial reporting in the public sector is a relatively new topic. In the European Union, through Directive 2014/95/EU, non-financial reporting of public interest entities with over five hundred employees at the reporting date was introduced. Thus, member states are obliged to incorporate non-financial reporting into their national legislation. Purpose: The paper examines the assumption that more profitable companies will publish more information in non-financial reports to show their performance. Another assumption is that more indebted companies are producing more non-financial disclosures. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether there was a relationship between the information that is made public in public sector enterprises' (SOEs') non-financial reports and their financial performance. Methods/Approach: The paper analyses data from publicly available non-financial reports of SOEs for the period 2017-2019. The sample consists of 27 companies, including 10 Croatian SOEs, 10 Slovenian SOEs, and 7 Hungarian SOEs. Findings: Based on the conducted research we have drawn following findings; State ownership has a negative impact on the information provided in non-financial reports, while the quantity of information provided and the number of employees are positively correlated. Profitability has a negative impact on non-financial reporting, while a higher net profit will increase non-financial disclosures. Leverage has a positive impact on the IRD index in the sample of Croatia and Slovenia that was observed. Conclusion: Non-financial reporting has been implemented in accordance with Directive 2014/95/EU. In the examined sample of SOEs a correlation was found between non-financial reporting and the profitability and indebtedness of SOEs. Originality: Research in the paper has been made on previously unresearched examples – SOEs non-financial reporting in Croatia, Slovenia and Hungary.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.17818/emip/2022/2.3\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dce73d0893c9633b01bc74ab8062d2c94a3d46f1\",\n \"result_position\": 45,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 169697882,\n \"title\": \"Insights the Practice of Integrated Reporting: A Study on MNCs in Bangladesh on the Degree of Adherence to the Reporting Framework\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ranjita Islam\",\n \"M. Islam\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Integrated Reporting (IR) stands for organizational reporting which is prepared \\nfor public disclosure and includes both financial and important \\nnon-financial information. Existing financial reporting standards are inadequate \\nto address issues like the importance of intangible assets, corporate impacts \\non the environment, human health, societal conditions and corporate \\ninfluence on the political process. Thus, the concept of IR emerged to deal \\nwith these issues that affect corporate success. The traditional reporting model \\nfocuses on a relatively narrow account of historical financial performance of \\nthe value-creation process. Keeping this in mind, the International Integrated \\nReporting Council (IIRC) has developed an International Integrated Reporting \\nFramework, the core objective of which is to guide organizations in communicating \\nthe broad set of information needed by investors and other \\nstakeholders to assess the organization’s long-term prospects in a clear, concise, \\nconnected and comparable format. The IIRC shares the view that the \\nevolution of corporate reporting should be led by the communication of value \\ncreation by the corporate entities. This paper focuses on the degree of disclosure \\nof Integrated Reporting requirements by the top eleven multinational \\ncompanies of Bangladesh as per market capitalization. Using annual report \\ncontent analysis, the findings show that the companies have lately started providing \\nnon-financial information regarding environment, society and governance \\nalong with financial figures. But it is prominent that they are still providing \\nthese information in disconnected strands and as a part of Corporate \\nGovernance or CSR disclosures instead of linking these to financial information \\nand providing it as an integrated report.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.4236/ojbm.2018.63056\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9e0f4ad51e97f5b6f94dbcb21ff7fe79bebdd1d5\",\n \"result_position\": 46,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 269490553,\n \"title\": \"Nexus between integrated reporting and firm value: A systematic literature review\",\n \"venue\": \"Corporate & Business Strategy Review\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. S. Alatawi\",\n \"Zaidi Mat Daud\",\n \"Jalila Johari\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The objective of this manuscript is to review the existing literature regarding integrated reporting (IR), focusing on theories, factors influencing it and its outcomes, and the methodologies adopted. The review encompasses a total of 27 studies conducted between 2006 and 2023. Following the earlier studies, four significant steps, i.e., searching for relevant studies, applying inclusion/exclusion criteria, applying methodological review protocol and finally synthetizing the protocol has been used to collect the relevant studies. The findings of the present study indicate that the majority of previous studies have relied on quantitative research methods and secondary data sources. Moreover, only two studies Boshnak (2022) and Alyousef and Alsughayer (2021) have considered both financial and non financial disclosures which represent the features of IR. The findings of the present study also identified firm size, leverage, the degree of government ownership, the degree of family ownership, firm profitability, audit firm size, and firm age as the determinants of corporate social and environmental voluntary disclosure. Moreover, the finding also indicated that among all the theories that contribute to IR, only agency theory, resource based theory, legitimacy theory and stakeholder theory were mostly considered by the previous studies.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.22495/cbsrv5i2art13\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9087ea27d8f53de8bcda3b49784ca5f06ed695fa\",\n \"result_position\": 47,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 259237395,\n \"title\": \"The Explanatory Factors of Risk Disclosure in the Integrated Reports of Listed Entities in Brazil\",\n \"venue\": \"Risks\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Fábio Albuquerque\",\n \"Eveline Monteiro\",\n \"M. Rodrigues\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The gaps observed in entities’ traditional reports and accounts led to the emergence of the integrated report (IR), which includes several content elements, namely the component relating to risks and opportunities. Within this scope, the specific risks that may affect an organization’s capacity to create value are disclosed, among others, which is information of interest to the different stakeholders. This paper aims to identify the explanatory factors that influence the disclosure of risks in IRs. For this purpose, the IRs of entities listed on the Brazilian stock exchange for the year 2020 were assessed. The study was based on the explanatory theories of risk disclosure usually found in the literature, namely, the legitimacy, the agency, the signaling, and the upper echelon theories. Linear regression models were used with the disclosure rates of different types of risk as dependent variables. The size, profitability, indebtedness, independence, and gender diversity in the board of directors (BD), audit, and activity sector comprised the selected explanatory factors. Associations were found between some of the types of risks disclosed and the size of the entity, the existence of an audit, the independence of the BD, and the activity sector. The paper contributes to the literature about the explanatory factors of risk disclosure by exploring its analysis with different typologies and attributes, having the IR as a source of information, which is still little explored. The scientific contribution encompasses proposing a new risk analysis model in the IR. The innovative elements also comprise the classification of risks related to sustainable development (SD), including environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/risks11060108\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7765e7c5985546bc8c249c697e4b26059c1f94d1\",\n \"result_position\": 48,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 169946564,\n \"title\": \"Does Integrated Reporting Approach Enhance the Value Relevance of Accounting Information?: Evidence from Asian Firms\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"K.O.D.D. Fernando\",\n \"Rina Dharmawati\",\n \"Dewi Sriani\",\n \"Elvia R. Shauki\",\n \"Vera Diyanty\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This study aims to investigate the effect of Integrated Reporting (<IR>) on the relevance of accounting information: evidence from ASIA. By conducting regression analysis on 195 firm-years from listed companies on The International Integrated Reporting Council between 3 years. <IR> is measured by coverage ration of keywords using NVIVO Software Version 11. The results shows that impelementation of <IR> has no effect on the relevance of accounting information.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.2991/IAC-17.2018.20\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c640e84c3752c41b141e75916027ae5cea958b21\",\n \"result_position\": 49,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 168433975,\n \"title\": \"Integration of Sustainability into the Corporate Strategy\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"N. Oertwig\",\n \"M. Galeitzke\",\n \"Hans-Georg Schmieg\",\n \"H. Kohl\",\n \"R. Jochem\",\n \"R. Orth\",\n \"T. Knothe\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In order to successfully achieve sustainable corporate development, enterprises have to define and implement a pragmatic strategy. In that pursuit, the discussion of motivation and reasoning behind incorporating sustainability strategies serves as a prelude to the thematic examination of challenges and courses of action in corporate strategy development and implementation. Especially in the context of sustainability, additional legislative and stakeholder requirement considerations make managing these tasks effectively, however, much more challenging. The firm’s overall objectives thus become multidimensional and have to be broken down to the individual departments and business fields. Consequently, considerable effort has to be devoted to the planning, measurement and evaluation, steering and control as well as optimisation and communication processes of the holistically defined corporate value creation. Furthermore, a solution for enterprise sustainability management and its evaluation is necessary for ultimately balancing economic, ecological and social performance factors, to ensure optimized decision-making.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/978-3-319-48514-0_12\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2ee329673d88db89a96e66fa5edab25046c63556\",\n \"result_position\": 50,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 158122993,\n \"title\": \"The Influence of Integrated Reporting on Management Control Systems: A Case Study\",\n \"venue\": \"International journal of business management\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. S. Chiucchi\",\n \"Marco Montemari\",\n \"Marco Gatti\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The purpose of this paper is to investigate how Integrated Reporting can influence Management Control Systems (MCSs). To this aim, the paper presents a case study of a company which designed and implemented an Integrated Report (IR) that was used as a tool for communicating the company performance to the entrepreneur and as a tool for enriching the company MCS to visualize and measure the overall company performance. The case analysis shows that Integrated Reporting improves the measurement focus of the MCS thanks to the role played by the company’s Business Model (BM) throughout the IR development and to the process adopted to map the BM itself. The BM mapping process was highly iterative and allowed for a better understanding of the items affecting the value creation process and of their interconnections, thus directing the MCS to what really deserved to be measured. Strategic discussion around the BM also entailed an evolution of the control system, which became a strategic control system, able to support the discussion and the creation of new strategies. Moreover, the BM ensured a high level of integration and consistency between departmental reports and the company IR, on the one hand, and among the departmental reports themselves, on the other hand. In addition, the case analysis shows that financial indicators risk becoming “phagocytized” by non-financial ones and that the implementation process of the IR can lead to a heavier workload for the Management Control Department to provide for the non-financial aspects of performance. Finally, the case analysis shows that the Integrated Reporting visual representation and its underlying logic may not work if the tool is used for managerial decision making. While the guiding principles of Integrated Reporting were accepted by the company’s actors, the Integrated Reporting representation model based on the logic inputs-BM-outputs-outcomes was criticized as it was considered too complex and not able to represent the company’s integrated performance, reflecting instead a series of disconnected and disjointed individual performances. The critiques of this model were so sharp that they resulted in a change to its logic and the adoption of a different model, namely that of cause-and-effect relationships.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5539/IJBM.V13N7P19\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/88825a2e1bfd28806b575054ee7f704488af465f\",\n \"result_position\": 51,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 155636388,\n \"title\": \"The integrated reporting: A presentation of the current state of art and aspects of integrated reporting that need further development\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Morrós\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to synthesise what is the emerging field of integrated reporting, with particular emphasis in the International Integrated Reporting Council, and outline a list of items for future research in this area. Design/methodology/approach : The approach is to outline a presentation of integrated reporting (IR), and make a review of the implications for the research agenda of the most important items. Findings: The need for quality researchers to address a number of pressing challenges posed by the rapid development of IR policies and practices. Research limitations/implications: The paper provide insights into issues and aspects of integrated reporting that need further development and need robust evidence to help inform improvements in policy and practice. Practical implications: Highlight how companies may benefit from integrated reporting in response to stakeholders’ calls for enhanced disclosure of environmental, social, governance and other non financial information. Social implications: The main social implication is to promote the wider public interest of improving the relevance of information for decision-making, for all stakeholders, and allow greater efficiency in the allocation of financial and other resources and in adding public value Originality/value: This paper offers a general view on a subject that is a challenge for entities oriented to the implementation of sustainability in their values and also in their reporting.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3926/IC.700\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f4346b3b3bd56a66a27c17e64078ef000d4c8990\",\n \"result_position\": 52,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 54503864,\n \"title\": \"Integrated Reporting and Italian Companies: An Empirical Investigation\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Guido Paolucci\",\n \"Eva Cerioni\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Corporate reporting has undergone many changes. One main reason is that stakeholders see their needs change and evolve, thus making it necessary for them toexpress their various requests for information which, in turn, forces companies to rethink their external reporting practices. Recent studies support the position that the traditional annual report does not provide stakeholders with an adequate picture of the assets and the value created by the company. In response to this, Integrated Reporting (IR) has been adopted as a solution capable of providing both a holistic view of a company’s ability to create value in a sustainable way and an integrated vision of the company from a financial and a non-financial point of view.. Thus, this paper aims to examine the real reasons that have pushed major Italian companies to opt for IR and, especially, to explore the benefits that can now be identified a few years beyond the first publication of an Integrated Report. To investigate this topic, an exploratory field study involving ten Italian companies was conducted. The methodology relied on a qualitative approach, as it allows researchers to deal with complex “how” questions and, at the same time, offers a wide and complete picture of the phenomenon. The paper gives senior managers an overview of Italian companies that have already developed this new form of information reporting while providing valuable insights and an understanding of the perceived organizational benefits of implementing IR requirements. The study also contributes to the debate on managerial motives for producing an Integrated Report and how that may affect future decisions. The findings reveal a common thread among all the study participants, summarized by the completeness and transparency of the results. They also highlight an exhaustive list of benefits reported by these companies, which may serve as an incentive for those that have not yet adopted IR.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5539/IJBM.V12N9P221\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9c995363e34b111c1e75b86936d313957ec254e8\",\n \"result_position\": 53,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 197878962,\n \"title\": \"Are SMEs Ready for Integrated Reporting? The Malaysian Experience of Accountability\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Financial Research\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. S. Amirrudin\",\n \"Mazni Abdullah\",\n \"Nooraslinda Abdul Aris\",\n \"N. Mohammed\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The Integrated Reporting (IR) provides businesses with a reporting approach that is conducive to the understanding and articulating their business strategy. By doing so, businesses will be able to drive performance internally and attract financial capital for investment, as well as helping investors to understand how the strategy being pursued that creates value over time. Changing market trends due to technology advancement had jeopardized the traditional way of reporting performance. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are typically vulnerable entities against such changes and therefore challenged to sustain their life spans. This paper offers an introduction of IR, as well as assessing IR usability and benefits for SMEs in Malaysia. Furthermore, the paper discusses relevant literature and opportunities available for SMEs regarding the applicability of such reporting philosophy. Applying the qualitative method, themes and key success factors were identified using NVivo application software. The annual reports of SME Corporation Malaysian from the year 2014 to 2016 were analysed showcase growing evidence of integrated communications to SMEs in the areas of access to markets, better business understanding and enhancing reputation. IR offers invaluable benefits to SMEs, shifting their focus from merely financial performance measures to a more holistic integrated approach to accountability, which emphasises on value creation.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5430/IJFR.V10N5P301\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e7b11a2e4e90047df2e4fd8126d03b6acefeb672\",\n \"result_position\": 54,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 56128816,\n \"title\": \"Empirical study regarding the integrated reporting practices in Europe\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Alina Bratu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Integrated reporting is a practice which seeks to communicate an organization’s value through a holistic picture integrating both financial and non-financial information. This process is in its incipient phase, with many companies unsure of how prepare a truly integrated report. With the aim of providing a better understanding on integrated reporting and its benefits, a common framework, was developed by The International Integrated Reporting Committee (IIRC). The main objective of this paper is to assess the compliance level of the integrated reports published for 2015 by the European companies which have adopted the initiative, with the IIRC Framework suggestions regarding its Guiding Principles. This research was carried out by using a content analysis and scoring based methodology. The results reveal that the companies are in different stages regarding the conformity with the IIRC requirements. Moreover, some companies analyzed in this study are in the vanguard of the initiative whereas others produce “combined” rather than “integrated” reports. This research contributes to relevant literature by analyzing the post IIRC Framework publication period, as it studies integrated or annual reports published for the 2015 fiscal year.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.20869/AUDITF/2017/148/613\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ec92610a3193a785833c804b36dd30a119f1362f\",\n \"result_position\": 55,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 53957070,\n \"title\": \"Reshaping Risk Disclosure through Integrated Reporting: Evidence from Italian Early Adopters\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Francesca Manes‐Rossi\",\n \"G. Nicolò\",\n \"R. L. Orelli\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The purpose of this paper is to explore Integrated Reporting (IR) and risk disclosure (RD) and demonstrating the interconnection between business strategies and risk. Through a content analysis, the paper explores the management commentary and Integrated reporting of Italian companies at the end of 2015.The study reveals that many of the companies have embedded financial reporting into IR. We find extensive information about risks and opportunities, in relation to the management of the six capitals. The paper represents an investigation into risk disclosure in IR. It adds knowledge to the opportunity offered by IR in meeting stakeholder’s information needs, compared to traditional tools of corporate reporting.The results could be of interest both for legislator and standards setters, to bring them up to date with enhanced disclosure of risk and opportunities which IR offers with respect to the more traditional forms of disclosure.This is the first country-based study investigating risk disclosure provided through IR looking at three different dimensions: the metrics of RD (monetary or non-monetary); the outlook orientation (past, present or future) and the type of risk news (good or bad news). The results are relevant to detect how companies act and what can be done to improve risk disclosure.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5539/IJBM.V12N10P11\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/daa5b1b63f6baa85254cb9b9f0f3245bfb188436\",\n \"result_position\": 56,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 56144814,\n \"title\": \"The integrated reporting system: a new accountability enhancement tool for public sector entities\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Tudor Oprisor\",\n \"Adriana Tiron‐Tudor\",\n \"C. Nistor\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In the recent years, integrated reporting has made progress towards becoming an efficient communication instrument that would bring an active contribution to the financial stability and sustainability of the economic environment. This paper employs mainly a documentary research approach and aims to track one of the main prerequisites leading towards new trends in public sector reporting – the concept of “public accountability”, and pinpoint the existing evidence which supports the perspective of adopting an integrated reporting system for public entities. Also, the authors emphasize the reaction from practitioners to the idea of “integrated reporting for the public sector” and analyse the frontrunning application of hybrid forms of reporting (e.g. City of Warsaw Integrated Sustainability Report), as well as the profile of the “Integrated Reporting – Public Sector Pioneer Network.”. Findings show that integrated reporting is gaining momentum towards application in the case of public sector entities, but advancements are rather slow. Due to the scarcity of data from reporting practice regarding integrated reports in the public sector (as the Pioneer Network is currently under development), which makes it difficult to construct an empirical study with actual evidence, the authors use extrapolation and knowledge transference from existing proof of hybrid forms of reporting.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.20869/AUDITF/2016/139/747\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dadb225dfdc674c19432d7bd411f941a22d51645\",\n \"result_position\": 57,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 55275793,\n \"title\": \"Integrated Reporting for Turkish Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2014,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Can Kaya\",\n \"Nida Turegun\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Ever-increasing complexity of financial markets drives businesses to focus solely on financial performance. Measures to evaluate such performance establish criteria on benchmarks like profit margin, return on assets and equity, earnings per share and others. While these measures reveal performance, numerical values may lack indication with regard to value creation. Changing trends in the market with regard to advancements in technology can simply jeopardize the sustainability of business. Additionally, loyal customers are often enticed by competitive business. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) which are usually the most vulnerable entities against financial distress, are being challenged the most in order to sustain their life spans. Financial performance as the only yardstick to evaluate the overall performance of businesses has become obsolete in today’s market conditions. Aim of this paper is to present the invaluable benefits SMEs can attain by shifting their focus from merely financial performance measures to a more holistic philosophy of thinking by implementing Integrated Reporting (IR).\",\n \"doi\": \"10.6007/IJARAFMS/V4-I1/659\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a3506c8fb8a6a3b3925aaa44f3bbf53e0b20a6ec\",\n \"result_position\": 58,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 216241850,\n \"title\": \"Integrated reporting: the state of the art of Corporate Reporting\",\n \"venue\": \"Revista Contabilidade & Finanças\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Chiara Mio\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The stream of accounting research on nonfinancial and voluntary disclosure has been developing a lot in the last five years, also due to the introduction of Integrated Reporting (IR) in 2013 (International Integrated Reporting Council [IIRC], 2013). This increase in academic research has been mirroring an equally lively debate at the standard setter and policy maker level, which has been tackling several issues concerning the nature of nonfinancial information, the standards to be adopted and the regulation of such disclosure. As a consequence, academic research in this area has the potential to significantly contribute to practice. I first discuss the evolution of Corporate Reporting, then I focus on Integrated Reporting, which is the state of the art of Corporate Reporting and, finally, an overview of previous investigations and some suggestions for future studies were provided.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1590/1808-057x202090330\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5c8d5848b4f4f830042631e42d766bbd81f4db05\",\n \"result_position\": 59,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 169914370,\n \"title\": \"Assessing current company reports according to the IIRC integrated reporting framework\",\n \"venue\": \"Meditari Accountancy Research\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Merve Kılıç\",\n \"Cemil Kuzey\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"\\nPurpose\\nThis paper aims to investigate the adherence level of current company reports to the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) integrated reporting framework through analysis of whether and to what extent those reports include the content elements of this framework. This study also aims to examine the impact of corporate sustainability characteristics on the adherence level of current company reports to the integrated reporting framework.\\n\\n\\nDesign/methodology/approach\\nThe sample for this research comprises the non-financial companies which were listed on Borsa Istanbul, the Turkish stock exchange, as of 31 December 2015. The authors constructed a disclosure index based on the content elements of the IIRC reporting framework. They then measured the integrated reporting disclosure score (IRS) of each company through a manual content analysis of its annual reports and stand-alone sustainability reports. To test the hypotheses, the authors performed a number of statistical analyses.\\n\\n\\nFindings\\nThe authors determined that current company reports mainly present generic risks rather than company-specific; provide positive information while dismissing negative information; present financial and non-financial initiatives separately; lack a strategic focus; and include backward-looking information rather than forward-looking information. Consistent with the predictions, the authors found that the IRS is significantly and positively associated with sustainability reporting, Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) adoption, sustainability index listing and the presence of a sustainability committee.\\n\\n\\nOriginality/value\\nThis study contributes to the literature by enhancing the understanding of integrated reporting practices through the application of a checklist based upon the IIRC integrated reporting framework. Further, this study contributes to the literature by evaluating the impact of corporate sustainability characteristics on IRS.\\n\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1108/MEDAR-04-2017-0138\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d9187301c89d30b2a9c54b0ab1886e7da56a36da\",\n \"result_position\": 60,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 144233505,\n \"title\": \"The International Integrated Reporting Council: A story of failure\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2015,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Flower\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/J.CPA.2014.07.002\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ddc5d4b3166813f0b187c9fc349a3ec874ff172a\",\n \"result_position\": 61,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 144912781,\n \"title\": \"The International Integrated Reporting Council: A call to action\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2015,\n \"authors\": [\n \"C. Adams\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/J.CPA.2014.07.001\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f689920ecc388247457c768805a2ad7ae3c6fce6\",\n \"result_position\": 62,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 143679631,\n \"title\": \"Integrated Reporting: Insights, gaps and an agenda for future research\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2014,\n \"authors\": [\n \"C. Villiers\",\n \"L. Rinaldi\",\n \"Jeffrey Unerman\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1108/AAAJ-06-2014-1736\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/014d375ed798d22e95be7d8ffa65f2a0286682a9\",\n \"result_position\": 63,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 237792013,\n \"title\": \"Integrated reporting and stakeholder management: a research agenda,\",\n \"venue\": \"Revista Contabilidade & Finanças\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Â. G. D. Santos\",\n \"Kelli Juliane Favato\",\n \"Marguit Neumann\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract The purpose of this article was to propose an agenda for future research on stakeholder management in integrated reporting. Framework 1.0 of integrated reporting addresses the management of stakeholders as a routine in the course of business, without further details. In turn, the academy can contribute in this regard. Integrated reporting is a recent development achieved after 30 years (or more) of attempts to effectively expand accountability to stakeholders. The engagement with stakeholders produces successful results in the long term, highlighting the need to indicate to them the value of using integrated reports. Due to the absence of details in Framework 1.0, it is up to academics to actively and cautiously monitor its development and implementation. This article’s contribution is to raise research to bring the practice of integrated reporting closer, as well as generate discussions to involve academics, the International Integrated Reporting Council, national councils, and report writers. Thus, the integrated report was discussed considering that its framework must be updated (how to do it) to impact the practice (the act of doing it). For this, we used a bibliographic methodology and content analysis. We also used the literature review methodology and content analysis. We mapped 11 factors, established 10 qualitative propositions, and 35 insights for future studies. The results indicate that the stakeholder management may have reached its potential in a ceremonial way, but it lacks definitions. For the academy and the International Integrated Reporting Council, the study contributes by mapping factors and suggesting the implementation of guidelines and debates with local commissions to overcome the deficiencies pointed out by this study.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1590/1808-057x202112030\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/189cea0716d4595ca51b4e425c6dc89c25d76baa\",\n \"result_position\": 64,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 244767853,\n \"title\": \"Value creation disclosure: the international integrated reporting framework revisited in the light of stakeholder theory\",\n \"venue\": \"Meditari Accountancy Research\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"R. Dameri\",\n \"P. Ferrando\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"\\nPurpose\\nThe paper aims to propose an integrated reporting (IR) framework rooted in Freeman’s stakeholder theory (ST). The proposed framework modifies the international integrated reporting framework (IIRF) and aims to overcome criticisms related to its focus on investors and the abandonment of sustainability.\\n\\n\\nDesign/methodology/approach\\nThe paper develops a modified IIRF based on an in-depth analysis of the IR and ST literature. The framework was then applied to a non-profit health-care organisation to verify its theoretical assumptions.\\n\\n\\nFindings\\nThe modified IIRF was conceived as a ready-to-use tool. By applying it to a business case, it was validated with respect to whether and how it could help achieve better and more stakeholder-oriented reporting. The findings enabled us to validate the use of the tool not only for reporting but also for the self-assessment of organisations with respect to embedding ST.\\n\\n\\nResearch limitations/implications\\nThe modified IIRF was implemented only in one case, and further implementations are needed to comprehensively identify its strengths and weaknesses, both in for-profit and non-profit organisations.\\n\\n\\nPractical implications\\nThe revised IIRF represents an updated tool for reporting and disclosing the value created by an organisation for itself and for its stakeholders including the external entities affected by the impacts engendered by the organisation. In this way, the IIRF can give visibility to all value created and the value creation process, including sustainability matters. This allows integrated thinking processes to be incorporated accordingly, supporting better management.\\n\\n\\nOriginality/value\\nThis paper suggests three adjustments to improve the IIRF’s ability to incorporate ST as a theoretical foundation. The adjusted IIRF is a ready to-use-tool specifically highlighting what value or values an organisation delivers (its outcomes), for whom (its stakeholders) and how (its specific business processes) within a business model effectively connecting them. From this point of view, it fits the rising stream about the evolution of the sustainability reporting fostered jointly by the international integrated reporting council and sustainability accounting standard board, and by the European Union.\\n\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1108/medar-11-2020-1103\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/229db720b08f5a28c0c3f0995d1ddf89dde9039d\",\n \"result_position\": 65,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 197417928,\n \"title\": \"Examining the association between quality of integrated reports and corporate characteristics\",\n \"venue\": \"Heliyon\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"O. Iredele\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This paper examines the quality of integrated reports of listed firms in South Africa and the associated factors. Data were obtained from a sample comprising 100 firm-year observations of 20 companies in Johannesburg Stock Exchange over the period (2013–2017). Analysis of data involves descriptive statistics, spearman rank correlation analysis and Kruskal-Wallis H test. The result shows a significant relationship between the quality and length of integrated reports. Firms vary in the level of quality of their integrated reports on the account of differences in profitability, board size, gender and firm size. No significant relationship was found between quality of integrated reports and leverage. The result of this study indicates that the length of the integrated report signals the level of quality of such report, which may be necessary in disclosing all material matters to satisfy the needs of a wide range of stakeholders.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01932\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ac4e60c90b075d46e3bbe8942fb01bac8abb39a0\",\n \"result_position\": 66,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 216525367,\n \"title\": \"Corporate Governance Variables and Integrated Reporting\",\n \"venue\": \"International journal of business management\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Arcangelo Marrone\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Integrated reporting (IR) represents the last frontier of corporate disclosure. Its purpose is to provide information on an organization's strategy and its business model, performance and governance, offering a clear overview of the organization's capacity to create value. From an academic point of view, the focus on integrated reporting has grown significantly in recent years. However, an aspect still little explored is represented by the level of compliance of the integrated reports with the IIRC requirements. Among the few studies on the issue of the level of alignment of integrated reports with the IIRC framework, only two focused on identifying the determinants. This work aims to bridge this gap through the analysis of the effect of three characteristics of the board (size, average age, gender diversity) and one of the CEO (duality) on the level of compliance of integrated reports with the IIRC framework. The results show a significant and positive effect of board size and board gender diversity on the level of alignment of integrated reports with the IIRC framework. They also show a significant and negative effect of the CEO duality and a not significant effect of the board average age.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5539/ijbm.v15n5p26\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d882e6b88a9d108bb012311538e994b9bea10979\",\n \"result_position\": 67,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 73638101,\n \"title\": \"Is integrated reporting a new challenge for public sector entities\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Francesca Manes‐Rossi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Integrated reporting (IR) is a new communication tool that is gaining increasing attention among scholars, practitioners, and standard setters in both the private and public sectors. Therefore, it is important to discuss the suitability of the framework proposed by the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC). This paper offers some reflections based on case studies of public entities that differ in terms of legal structures, locations, and business models to demonstrate—despite legal and cultural requirements—that some common features exist. The primary aim is to discuss whether IR represents a new challenge for public sector organisations, specifically regarding their stakeholder engagement and their pursuit of greater accountability. In doing so, the selected case studies are examined through a theoretical framework based on the growing IR literature and specific objectives recognised by the Framework. The results that emerge from this study can be beneficial for both scholars and practitioners, enabling the identification of new paths towards improving reporting in public entities to achieve high stakeholder engagement and overcome the possible limitations of the IR model that has been proposed thus far. \\n \\n Key words: Integrated reporting, integrated reporting framework, stakeholder engagement, public sector entities, accountability, state-owned enterprises.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5897/AJBM2018.8498\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/aff55df4e0b227de00f8c3c67c54895b1c8ec15f\",\n \"result_position\": 68,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 252093223,\n \"title\": \"Towards a theoretical framework for the innovation in sustainability reporting: An integrated reporting perspective\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Environmental Science\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yanqi Sun\",\n \"H. Davey\",\n \"M. Arunachalam\",\n \"Yuanyuan Cao\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Integrated Reporting (IR), as a novel sustainability-oriented organizational reporting approach, is expected to produce better corporate reporting for stakeholders and promote greater transparency and accountability in the capital market. This paper offers a theoretical framework that integrates five mainstream IR theories: stakeholder theory, agency theory, signalling theory, legitimacy theory, and institutional theory. Based on the theoretical framework, there are three drivers for companies to improve their IR disclosure practices: to mitigate information asymmetry between the organisation and all stakeholders; to signal superior quality, legitimacy, and conformity to all stakeholders; and to discharge accountability to all stakeholders. Direct and indirect costs are the main factors that lead to poor IR disclosure practices. This study is the first attempt to construct an integrated theoretical framework for IR. The constructed framework can be adopted as a theoretical foundation for future empirical studies with regard to IR.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fenvs.2022.935899\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5d8a1e296d519816a5ed67e4677f31530599197a\",\n \"result_position\": 69,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 202357472,\n \"title\": \"Effects of Integrated Reporting on Corporate Disclosure Practices regarding the Capitals and Performance\",\n \"venue\": \"www.amfiteatrueconomic.ro\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Alina Almasan\",\n \"Cristina Circa\",\n \"M. Dumitru\",\n \"Raluca Guse\",\n \"D. Mangiuc\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Integrated reporting promotes changing the internal processes of companies to generate improved performance. One way toward this goal is to use integrated thinking as a tool to achieve a ‘better understanding of the factors that materially affect an organization’s ability to create value over time’, that is the six capitals, as suggested by the International Integrated Reporting Council. Our goal is to identify ‘effects of learning’ in the field of integrated reporting on the performance and reporting practices of companies. More specifically, we aim to identify how and to what extent integrated thinking translated into their reporting practices and performance, while companies implemented the International Integrated Reporting Framework. Therefore, we analyse and compare the reporting practices and performance of European companies included in the International Integrated Reporting Council’s Pilot Program for two moments in time: 2013 and 2016. We use a set of nineteen indicators, considered as the most important for the presentation of the six capitals. Thus, we provide insights about how integrated reports disclose information concerning the capitals. Results show improvements in performance and the diversification of indicators disclosed in the reports. However, changes are not exclusively attributable to integrated reporting; reporting experience is also a contributing factor. The study contributes to the literature on the impact of integrated reporting in practice.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.24818/EA/2019/52/572\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/698bce29fced6cbd64f0cb9ce3bfd660bd02465b\",\n \"result_position\": 70,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 231782248,\n \"title\": \"Integrated Reporting and Integrated Thinking: A Commentary on the Integrated Reporting Framework (2013)\",\n \"venue\": \"Colombo Business Journal\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"C. Abeysinghe\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) issued its Integrated Reporting (<IR>) framework in 2013 intending to promote integrated thinking in organisational contexts for corporate sustainability. However, arguments are mounted against limitations in these guidelines and their potential to create integrated thinking. Mainly, the maintenance of the financial prominence, neglecting sustainability needs is among the criticisms. Nevertheless, still, the framework contains some guidelines relevant to promote integrated thinking. An organisational change towards integrated thinking requires effective communication of the right message. This paper, benefitting from the Stakeholder Theory and the Stakeholder Agency Theory perspectives, sheds light on the potential of those guidelines to communicate the knowledge of integrated thinking to managers and concludes finding their failures. Utilising a content analysis of relevant guidelines contained in the <IR> framework, this paper contributes to the discussion of integrated reporting and integrated thinking for corporate sustainability.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.4038/cbj.v11i2.68\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/12228368ce1991f0b71741cbc173517e9ffaa4ff\",\n \"result_position\": 71,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 210173392,\n \"title\": \"Disclosing Strategies and Business Models in the Integrated Report\",\n \"venue\": \"Symphonya Emerging Issues in Management\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"E. Truant\",\n \"F. Culasso\",\n \"D. Argento\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The purpose of this paper is to explore the extent to which strategies and business models (BMs) are disclosed in Integrated Reports (IRs). In addition, this paper seeks to understand the reasons for the changes in such disclosures over time. A longitudinal case study focusing on Terna, an Italian listed public utility operating in the electricity sector, is presented. Multiple methods of data collection and analysis were adopted. A content analysis based on the framework of Sukhari and De Villiers (2018) was performed on Terna’s IRs from 2011 to 2017. Interviews were conducted with several managers to integrate the data stemming from the content analysis. The paper opens up the ‘black box’ of corporate strategy disclosures, showing how they can evolve over time. The findings reveal a resistance to fully communicating sensitive corporate information related to strategic goals and their implementatio\",\n \"doi\": \"10.4468/truant.culasso.argento\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c7bfbd344a9ca727fed42a2f9f392d3c547165a5\",\n \"result_position\": 72,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 169998023,\n \"title\": \"Realising the vision of Integrated Reporting: A critical viewpoint\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Pieter Conradie\",\n \"D. Jongh\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The purpose of this paper is firstly to determine whether the International Integrated Reporting (IR) Framework is sufficiently robust to act as the guide for the IR movement. The secondary purpose is to speculate on the constraints that IR will face on its journey towards achieving the aims and vision of the IIRC (International Integrated Reporting Council). The paper is written in the form of a critical viewpoint, and will engage with the relevant academic literature and industry-led initiatives to achieve its objectives. The main finding of this paper is that the potential of the International Framework towards achieving its objectives lies more with the way it is applied than the way it was written. Academic literature does however highlight a number of potential constraints that will have to be overcome if integrated reporting is to achieve its long-term vision of financial stability and sustainability.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.4102/JEF.V10I2.18\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f996a222dc9037231cd05277e6ca0bc417bd4e01\",\n \"result_position\": 73,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 67791224,\n \"title\": \"Integrated Reporting: the Next Step Ahead for a Sustainable Society\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2015,\n \"authors\": [\n \"R. Turcu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The recent global developments have emphasized the limits of the actual corporate reporting system. Today’s organizations experience a growing pressure exercised by various types of stakeholders as a result of the increasingly public concern regarding environmental and social issues. Hence, companies must assume their responsibility for the improvement of the environment and society within which they operate materialized through the disclosure of sustainability and corporate responsibility information. The main challenge is not to simply increase the amount of information provided inside the annual reports, but to increase their relevance through new, comprehensive and condensed reporting practices which combine and interconnect financial and nonfinancial data. Accordingly, the concept of integrated reporting is founded. Despite its necessity and adequacy, differences among countries regarding the adoption of integrated reporting exist. This paper aims to analyze the relation between the number of integrated reports issued by companies inside a country in relation with its economic, social and environmental performances. The results found that there is a higher commitment from companies, belonging to more developed countries, to make their contribution towards the development of integrated reporting concept and practice.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.11118/EJOBSAT.V1I1.38\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/960ce91791af244dbb3b5c7b1ec302e6fdb9e393\",\n \"result_position\": 74,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":97,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"I. Overview.\nKeywords. multi-agent system, blackbox jailbreaking\nGoal. Jailbreak attack designed to probe whether distributed, parallelized reasoning across a multi-agent system can circumvent standard safety filters, despite no individual agent encountering the full malicious prompt or receiving special context or any explicitly dangerous intent along the way.\nSetup. \n1 final synthesizer agent, N assistant agents \nsplit a harmful prompt into various harmless shards (e.g. “how to make a bomb” → “how do chemical reactions work?” “how to make a fusion reaction?” “what are common uses for aluminum?”)\npass each shard to a different agent; each agent has no knowledge of the other agents, and works on compiling their own answer \nask the synthesizer agent to combine the context provided by each agent → ideally, this will provide the full (harmful) answer to the prompt we are seeking\nto it, its task is just to combine these (supposedly) benign content\nNovelty. Previous research on multi-turn conversations with the same agent found splitting questions into shards can decrease an LLM’s performance (2025); however, this requires a linear conversation format (e.g. shard 1 → LLM response → shard 2 → etc). In addition, conversing with the same agent will allow it to build up context over time. This method creates a final agent that is naive and lacking context until the final synthesization.\n\nNext Steps. If the final agent does super well, we could look into:\nStrengthening the attack. \nEncoding each agent’s message with a different type of encoding or complex cipher (2025)\nExtending from a single-shot round of combination to allowing a few rounds of multi-turn conversation (between agents or automatically generated by our splitting technique for next steps to a prompt) before the final synthesis\nStudying when exactly a set of safe-looking outputs semantically converges on an unsafe meaning.\n\n\nis there any paper that does this?"},"query_timestamp":{"kind":"string","value":"2025-07-18T09:24:19.080892+00:00"},"thread_id":{"kind":"string","value":"15a7efaf69e66ad88d71dd047bf7619d6944c0962a086f98b531e002b6f5a9a5"},"num_shown":{"kind":"number","value":23,"string":"23"},"num_clicked":{"kind":"number","value":1,"string":"1"},"has_clicks":{"kind":"bool","value":true,"string":"true"},"shown_papers":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"corpus_id":278602377,"title":"Security of Internet of Agents: Attacks and Countermeasures","venue":"IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society","year":2025,"authors":["Yuntao Wang","Yanghe Pan","Shaolong Guo","Zhou Su"],"abstract":"With the rise of large language and vision-language models, AI agents have evolved into autonomous, interactive systems capable of perception, reasoning, and decision-making. As they proliferate across virtual and physical domains, the Internet of Agents (IoA) has emerged as a key infrastructure for enabling scalable and secure coordination among heterogeneous agents. This survey offers a comprehensive examination of the security and privacy landscape in IoA systems. We begin by outlining the IoA architecture and its distinct vulnerabilities compared to traditional networks, focusing on four critical aspects: identity authentication threats, cross-agent trust issues, embodied security, and privacy risks. We then review existing and emerging defense mechanisms and highlight persistent challenges. Finally, we identify open research directions to advance the development of resilient and privacy-preserving IoA ecosystems.","doi":"10.1109/OJCS.2025.3589638","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8f92a7db7adefa86701b88b970e15bb8c81e6491","result_position":0,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":277468592,"title":"Agents Under Siege: Breaking Pragmatic Multi-Agent LLM Systems with Optimized Prompt Attacks","venue":"Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","year":2025,"authors":["Rana Muhammad Shahroz Khan","Zhen Tan","Sukwon Yun","Charles Flemming","Tianlong Chen"],"abstract":"Most discussions about Large Language Model (LLM) safety have focused on single-agent settings but multi-agent LLM systems now create novel adversarial risks because their behavior depends on communication between agents and decentralized reasoning. In this work, we innovatively focus on attacking pragmatic systems that have constrains such as limited token bandwidth, latency between message delivery, and defense mechanisms. We design a $\\textit{permutation-invariant adversarial attack}$ that optimizes prompt distribution across latency and bandwidth-constraint network topologies to bypass distributed safety mechanisms within the system. Formulating the attack path as a problem of $\\textit{maximum-flow minimum-cost}$, coupled with the novel $\\textit{Permutation-Invariant Evasion Loss (PIEL)}$, we leverage graph-based optimization to maximize attack success rate while minimizing detection risk. Evaluating across models including $\\texttt{Llama}$, $\\texttt{Mistral}$, $\\texttt{Gemma}$, $\\texttt{DeepSeek}$ and other variants on various datasets like $\\texttt{JailBreakBench}$ and $\\texttt{AdversarialBench}$, our method outperforms conventional attacks by up to $7\\times$, exposing critical vulnerabilities in multi-agent systems. Moreover, we demonstrate that existing defenses, including variants of $\\texttt{Llama-Guard}$ and $\\texttt{PromptGuard}$, fail to prohibit our attack, emphasizing the urgent need for multi-agent specific safety mechanisms.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2504.00218","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8be6b0b0c7af16da10938c252db05cd8dd2f74d0","result_position":1,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":279070585,"title":"Seven Security Challenges That Must be Solved in Cross-domain Multi-agent LLM Systems","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Ronny Ko","Jiseong Jeong","Shuyuan Zheng","Chuan Xiao","Taewan Kim","Makoto Onizuka","Wonyong Shin"],"abstract":"Large language models (LLMs) are rapidly evolving into autonomous agents that cooperate across organizational boundaries, enabling joint disaster response, supply-chain optimization, and other tasks that demand decentralized expertise without surrendering data ownership. Yet, cross-domain collaboration shatters the unified trust assumptions behind current alignment and containment techniques. An agent benign in isolation may, when receiving messages from an untrusted peer, leak secrets or violate policy, producing risks driven by emergent multi-agent dynamics rather than classical software bugs. This position paper maps the security agenda for cross-domain multi-agent LLM systems. We introduce seven categories of novel security challenges, for each of which we also present plausible attacks, security evaluation metrics, and future research guidelines.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2505.23847","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4022081711542ac1b1d82ca455f2a4282d6359aa","result_position":2,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":277999852,"title":"Amplified Vulnerabilities: Structured Jailbreak Attacks on LLM-based Multi-Agent Debate","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Senmao Qi","Yifei Zou","Peng Li","Zi Lin","Xiuzhen Cheng","Dongxiao Yu"],"abstract":"Multi-Agent Debate (MAD), leveraging collaborative interactions among Large Language Models (LLMs), aim to enhance reasoning capabilities in complex tasks. However, the security implications of their iterative dialogues and role-playing characteristics, particularly susceptibility to jailbreak attacks eliciting harmful content, remain critically underexplored. This paper systematically investigates the jailbreak vulnerabilities of four prominent MAD frameworks built upon leading commercial LLMs (GPT-4o, GPT-4, GPT-3.5-turbo, and DeepSeek) without compromising internal agents. We introduce a novel structured prompt-rewriting framework specifically designed to exploit MAD dynamics via narrative encapsulation, role-driven escalation, iterative refinement, and rhetorical obfuscation. Our extensive experiments demonstrate that MAD systems are inherently more vulnerable than single-agent setups. Crucially, our proposed attack methodology significantly amplifies this fragility, increasing average harmfulness from 28.14% to 80.34% and achieving attack success rates as high as 80% in certain scenarios. These findings reveal intrinsic vulnerabilities in MAD architectures and underscore the urgent need for robust, specialized defenses prior to real-world deployment.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2504.16489","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/523090aa81939c856e0e7f9a0f32eb705672a545","result_position":3,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":265294905,"title":"Evil Geniuses: Delving into the Safety of LLM-based Agents","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2023,"authors":["Yu Tian","Xiao Yang","Jingyuan Zhang","Yinpeng Dong","Hang Su"],"abstract":"Rapid advancements in large language models (LLMs) have revitalized in LLM-based agents, exhibiting impressive human-like behaviors and cooperative capabilities in various scenarios. However, these agents also bring some exclusive risks, stemming from the complexity of interaction environments and the usability of tools. This paper delves into the safety of LLM-based agents from three perspectives: agent quantity, role definition, and attack level. Specifically, we initially propose to employ a template-based attack strategy on LLM-based agents to find the influence of agent quantity. In addition, to address interaction environment and role specificity issues, we introduce Evil Geniuses (EG), an effective attack method that autonomously generates prompts related to the original role to examine the impact across various role definitions and attack levels. EG leverages Red-Blue exercises, significantly improving the generated prompt aggressiveness and similarity to original roles. Our evaluations on CAMEL, Metagpt and ChatDev based on GPT-3.5 and GPT-4, demonstrate high success rates. Extensive evaluation and discussion reveal that these agents are less robust, prone to more harmful behaviors, and capable of generating stealthier content than LLMs, highlighting significant safety challenges and guiding future research. Our code is available at https://github.com/T1aNS1R/Evil-Geniuses.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2311.11855","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/263a58f4fd32caca1dad2351af4d711aec451fe6","result_position":4,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":279447443,"title":"From LLMs to MLLMs to Agents: A Survey of Emerging Paradigms in Jailbreak Attacks and Defenses within LLM Ecosystem","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Yanxu Mao","Tiehan Cui","Peipei Liu","Datao You","Hongsong Zhu"],"abstract":"Large language models (LLMs) are rapidly evolving from single-modal systems to multimodal LLMs and intelligent agents, significantly expanding their capabilities while introducing increasingly severe security risks. This paper presents a systematic survey of the growing complexity of jailbreak attacks and corresponding defense mechanisms within the expanding LLM ecosystem. We first trace the developmental trajectory from LLMs to MLLMs and Agents, highlighting the core security challenges emerging at each stage. Next, we categorize mainstream jailbreak techniques from both the attack impact and visibility perspectives, and provide a comprehensive analysis of representative attack methods, related datasets, and evaluation metrics. On the defense side, we organize existing strategies based on response timing and technical approach, offering a structured understanding of their applicability and implementation. Furthermore, we identify key limitations in existing surveys, such as insufficient attention to agent-specific security issues, the absence of a clear taxonomy for hybrid jailbreak methods, a lack of detailed analysis of experimental setups, and outdated coverage of recent advancements. To address these limitations, we provide an updated synthesis of recent work and outline future research directions in areas such as dataset construction, evaluation framework optimization, and strategy generalization. Our study seeks to enhance the understanding of jailbreak mechanisms and facilitate the advancement of more resilient and adaptive defense strategies in the context of ever more capable LLMs.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2506.15170","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ccfabe9f33f11bd1fbc4ac2bf219fc29cc5fa96d","result_position":5,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":278327694,"title":"Open Challenges in Multi-Agent Security: Towards Secure Systems of Interacting AI Agents","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Christian Schröder de Witt"],"abstract":"Decentralized AI agents will soon interact across internet platforms, creating security challenges beyond traditional cybersecurity and AI safety frameworks. Free-form protocols are essential for AI's task generalization but enable new threats like secret collusion and coordinated swarm attacks. Network effects can rapidly spread privacy breaches, disinformation, jailbreaks, and data poisoning, while multi-agent dispersion and stealth optimization help adversaries evade oversightcreating novel persistent threats at a systemic level. Despite their critical importance, these security challenges remain understudied, with research fragmented across disparate fields including AI security, multi-agent learning, complex systems, cybersecurity, game theory, distributed systems, and technical AI governance. We introduce \\textbf{multi-agent security}, a new field dedicated to securing networks of decentralized AI agents against threats that emerge or amplify through their interactionswhether direct or indirect via shared environmentswith each other, humans, and institutions, and characterize fundamental security-performance trade-offs. Our preliminary work (1) taxonomizes the threat landscape arising from interacting AI agents, (2) surveys security-performance tradeoffs in decentralized AI systems, and (3) proposes a unified research agenda addressing open challenges in designing secure agent systems and interaction environments. By identifying these gaps, we aim to guide research in this critical area to unlock the socioeconomic potential of large-scale agent deployment on the internet, foster public trust, and mitigate national security risks in critical infrastructure and defense contexts.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2505.02077","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bfbc4873584f1daec31589d58a53607db6e2e170","result_position":6,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":268297202,"title":"AutoDefense: Multi-Agent LLM Defense against Jailbreak Attacks","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2024,"authors":["Yifan Zeng","Yiran Wu","Xiao Zhang","Huazheng Wang","Qingyun Wu"],"abstract":"Despite extensive pre-training in moral alignment to prevent generating harmful information, large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks. In this paper, we propose AutoDefense, a multi-agent defense framework that filters harmful responses from LLMs. With the response-filtering mechanism, our framework is robust against different jailbreak attack prompts, and can be used to defend different victim models. AutoDefense assigns different roles to LLM agents and employs them to complete the defense task collaboratively. The division in tasks enhances the overall instruction-following of LLMs and enables the integration of other defense components as tools. With AutoDefense, small open-source LMs can serve as agents and defend larger models against jailbreak attacks. Our experiments show that AutoDefense can effectively defense against different jailbreak attacks, while maintaining the performance at normal user request. For example, we reduce the attack success rate on GPT-3.5 from 55.74% to 7.95% using LLaMA-2-13b with a 3-agent system. Our code and data are publicly available at https://github.com/XHMY/AutoDefense.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2403.04783","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8ba57771dd6345821a0cbe83c4c7eb50f66b7b65","result_position":7,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":276618318,"title":"Multi-Agent Security Tax: Trading Off Security and Collaboration Capabilities in Multi-Agent Systems","venue":"AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","year":2025,"authors":["Pierre Peigné","Mikolaj Kniejski","Filip Sondej","M. David","J. Hoelscher-Obermaier","Christian Schröder de Witt","Esben Kran"],"abstract":"As AI agents are increasingly adopted to collaborate on complex objectives, ensuring the security of autonomous multi-agent systems becomes crucial. We develop simulations of agents collaborating on shared objectives to study these security risks and security trade-offs. We focus on scenarios where an attacker compromises one agent, using it to steer the entire system toward misaligned outcomes by corrupting other agents. In this context, we observe infectious malicious prompts - the multi-hop spreading of malicious instructions. To mitigate this risk, we evaluated several strategies: two \"vaccination\" approaches that insert false memories of safely handling malicious input into the agents' memory stream, and two versions of a generic safety instruction strategy. While these defenses reduce the spread and fulfillment of malicious instructions in our experiments, they tend to decrease collaboration capability in the agent network. Our findings illustrate potential trade-off between security and collaborative efficiency in multi-agent systems, providing insights for designing more secure yet effective AI collaborations.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2502.19145","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/184cde00221c7dde395c7b456a3565fcc957a115","result_position":8,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":276574861,"title":"Guardians of the Agentic System: Preventing Many Shots Jailbreak with Agentic System","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Saikat Barua","Mostafizur Rahman","Md Jafor Sadek","Rafiul Islam","Shehnaz Khaled","Ahmedul Haque Kabir"],"abstract":"The autonomous AI agents using large language models can create undeniable values in all span of the society but they face security threats from adversaries that warrants immediate protective solutions because trust and safety issues arise. Considering the many-shot jailbreaking and deceptive alignment as some of the main advanced attacks, that cannot be mitigated by the static guardrails used during the supervised training, points out a crucial research priority for real world robustness. The combination of static guardrails in dynamic multi-agent system fails to defend against those attacks. We intend to enhance security for LLM-based agents through the development of new evaluation frameworks which identify and counter threats for safe operational deployment. Our work uses three examination methods to detect rogue agents through a Reverse Turing Test and analyze deceptive alignment through multi-agent simulations and develops an anti-jailbreaking system by testing it with GEMINI 1.5 pro and llama-3.3-70B, deepseek r1 models using tool-mediated adversarial scenarios. The detection capabilities are strong such as 94\\% accuracy for GEMINI 1.5 pro yet the system suffers persistent vulnerabilities when under long attacks as prompt length increases attack success rates (ASR) and diversity metrics become ineffective in prediction while revealing multiple complex system faults. The findings demonstrate the necessity of adopting flexible security systems based on active monitoring that can be performed by the agents themselves together with adaptable interventions by system admin as the current models can create vulnerabilities that can lead to the unreliable and vulnerable system. So, in our work, we try to address such situations and propose a comprehensive framework to counteract the security issues.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2502.16750","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/df2cce617476610722f2e8b2001942bf74576525","result_position":9,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":276960878,"title":"A Survey on Trustworthy LLM Agents: Threats and Countermeasures","venue":"Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining","year":2025,"authors":["Miao Yu","Fanci Meng","Xinyun Zhou","Shilong Wang","Junyuan Mao","Li Pan","Tianlong Chen","Kun Wang","Xinfeng Li","Yongfeng Zhang","Bo An","Qingsong Wen"],"abstract":"With the rapid evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs), LLM-based agents and Multi-agent Systems (MAS) have significantly expanded the capabilities of LLM ecosystems. This evolution stems from empowering LLMs with additional modules such as memory, tools, environment, and even other agents. However, this advancement has also introduced more complex issues of trustworthiness, which previous research focusing solely on LLMs could not cover. In this survey, we propose the TrustAgent framework, a comprehensive study on the trustworthiness of agents, characterized by modular taxonomy, multi-dimensional connotations, and technical implementation. By thoroughly investigating and summarizing newly emerged attacks, defenses, and evaluation methods for agents and MAS, we extend the concept of Trustworthy LLM to the emerging paradigm of Trustworthy Agent. In TrustAgent, we begin by deconstructing and introducing various components of the Agent and MAS. Then, we categorize their trustworthiness into intrinsic (brain, memory, and tool) and extrinsic (user, agent, and environment) aspects. Subsequently, we delineate the multifaceted meanings of trustworthiness and elaborate on the implementation techniques of existing research related to these internal and external modules. Finally, we present our insights and outlook on this domain, aiming to provide guidance for future endeavors. For easy reference, we categorize all the studies mentioned in this survey according to our taxonomy, available at: https://github.com/Ymm-cll/TrustAgent.","doi":"10.1145/3711896.3736561","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4166938d9659161b31e7c04662bfb0b419d5f44d","result_position":10,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":277350072,"title":"Large Language Model Agent: A Survey on Methodology, Applications and Challenges","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Junyu Luo","Weizhi Zhang","Ye Yuan","Yusheng Zhao","Junwei Yang","Yiyang Gu","Bohan Wu","Binqi Chen","Ziyue Qiao","Qingqing Long","Rongcheng Tu","Xiaoming Luo","Wei Ju","Zhiping Xiao","Yifan Wang","Mengxue Xiao","Chen-Wuing Liu","Jingyang Yuan","Shichang Zhang","Yiqiao Jin","Fan Zhang","Xianhong Wu","Hanqing Zhao","Dacheng Tao","Philip S. Yu","Ming Zhang"],"abstract":"The era of intelligent agents is upon us, driven by revolutionary advancements in large language models. Large Language Model (LLM) agents, with goal-driven behaviors and dynamic adaptation capabilities, potentially represent a critical pathway toward artificial general intelligence. This survey systematically deconstructs LLM agent systems through a methodology-centered taxonomy, linking architectural foundations, collaboration mechanisms, and evolutionary pathways. We unify fragmented research threads by revealing fundamental connections between agent design principles and their emergent behaviors in complex environments. Our work provides a unified architectural perspective, examining how agents are constructed, how they collaborate, and how they evolve over time, while also addressing evaluation methodologies, tool applications, practical challenges, and diverse application domains. By surveying the latest developments in this rapidly evolving field, we offer researchers a structured taxonomy for understanding LLM agents and identify promising directions for future research. The collection is available at https://github.com/luo-junyu/Awesome-Agent-Papers.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2503.21460","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/56fc00881e8d854f3cdecb2d072c369ac818c3ef","result_position":11,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":271601127,"title":"Fuzz-Testing Meets LLM-Based Agents: An Automated and Efficient Framework for Jailbreaking Text-to-Image Generation Models","venue":"IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy","year":2024,"authors":["Yingkai Dong","Xiangtao Meng","Ning Yu","Zheng Li","Shanqing Guo"],"abstract":"Text-to-image (T2I) generative models have revolutionized content creation by transforming textual descriptions into high-quality images. However, these models are vulnerable to jailbreaking attacks, where carefully crafted prompts bypass safety mechanisms to produce unsafe content. While researchers have developed various jailbreak attacks to expose this risk, these methods face significant limitations, including impractical access requirements, easily detectable unnatural prompts, restricted search spaces, and high query demands on the target system. In this paper, we propose JailFuzzer, a novel fuzzing framework driven by large language model (LLM) agents, designed to efficiently generate natural and semantically meaningful jailbreak prompts in a black-box setting. Specifically, JailFuzzer employs fuzz-testing principles with three components: a seed pool for initial and jailbreak prompts, a guided mutation engine for generating meaningful variations, and an oracle function to evaluate jailbreak success. Furthermore, we construct the guided mutation engine and oracle function by LLM-based agents, which further ensures efficiency and adaptability in black-box settings. Extensive experiments demonstrate that JailFuzzer has significant advantages in jailbreaking T2I models. It generates natural and semantically coherent prompts, reducing the likelihood of detection by traditional defenses. Additionally, it achieves a high success rate in jailbreak attacks with minimal query overhead, outperforming existing methods across all key metrics. This study underscores the need for stronger safety mechanisms in generative models and provides a foundation for future research on defending against sophisticated jailbreaking attacks. JailFuzzer is open-source and available at this repository: https://github.com/YingkaiD/JailFuzzer.","doi":"10.1109/SP61157.2025.00119","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/32a101766e67a5f6db9042a672d1bbaef74c81aa","result_position":12,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":273507642,"title":"A Troublemaker with Contagious Jailbreak Makes Chaos in Honest Towns","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2024,"authors":["Tianyi Men","Pengfei Cao","Zhuoran Jin","Yubo Chen","Kang Liu","Jun Zhao"],"abstract":"With the development of large language models, they are widely used as agents in various fields. A key component of agents is memory, which stores vital information but is susceptible to jailbreak attacks. Existing research mainly focuses on single-agent attacks and shared memory attacks. However, real-world scenarios often involve independent memory. In this paper, we propose the Troublemaker Makes Chaos in Honest Town (TMCHT) task, a large-scale, multi-agent, multi-topology text-based attack evaluation framework. TMCHT involves one attacker agent attempting to mislead an entire society of agents. We identify two major challenges in multi-agent attacks: (1) Non-complete graph structure, (2) Large-scale systems. We attribute these challenges to a phenomenon we term toxicity disappearing. To address these issues, we propose an Adversarial Replication Contagious Jailbreak (ARCJ) method, which optimizes the retrieval suffix to make poisoned samples more easily retrieved and optimizes the replication suffix to make poisoned samples have contagious ability. We demonstrate the superiority of our approach in TMCHT, with 23.51%, 18.95%, and 52.93% improvements in line topology, star topology, and 100-agent settings. Encourage community attention to the security of multi-agent systems.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2410.16155","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cde46b95149067331329086a9e8c828562bd639f","result_position":13,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":267897828,"title":"The Wolf Within: Covert Injection of Malice into MLLM Societies via an MLLM Operative","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2024,"authors":["Zhen Tan","Chengshuai Zhao","Raha Moraffah","Yifan Li","Yu Kong","Tianlong Chen","Huan Liu"],"abstract":"Due to their unprecedented ability to process and respond to various types of data, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are constantly defining the new boundary of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). As these advanced generative models increasingly form collaborative networks for complex tasks, the integrity and security of these systems are crucial. Our paper, ``The Wolf Within'', explores a novel vulnerability in MLLM societies - the indirect propagation of malicious content. Unlike direct harmful output generation for MLLMs, our research demonstrates how a single MLLM agent can be subtly influenced to generate prompts that, in turn, induce other MLLM agents in the society to output malicious content. Our findings reveal that, an MLLM agent, when manipulated to produce specific prompts or instructions, can effectively ``infect'' other agents within a society of MLLMs. This infection leads to the generation and circulation of harmful outputs, such as dangerous instructions or misinformation, across the society. We also show the transferability of these indirectly generated prompts, highlighting their possibility in propagating malice through inter-agent communication. This research provides a critical insight into a new dimension of threat posed by MLLMs, where a single agent can act as a catalyst for widespread malevolent influence. Our work underscores the urgent need for developing robust mechanisms to detect and mitigate such covert manipulations within MLLM societies, ensuring their safe and ethical utilization in societal applications.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2402.14859","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d42c94924fb0117e4fdb746c21071a950c2eb83a","result_position":14,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":278911059,"title":"MedSentry: Understanding and Mitigating Safety Risks in Medical LLM Multi-Agent Systems","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2025,"authors":["Kai Chen","Taihang Zhen","Hewei Wang","Kai Liu","Xinfeng Li","Jing Huo","Tianpei Yang","Jinfeng Xu","Wei Dong","Yang Gao"],"abstract":"As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in healthcare, ensuring their safety, particularly within collaborative multi-agent configurations, is paramount. In this paper we introduce MedSentry, a benchmark comprising 5 000 adversarial medical prompts spanning 25 threat categories with 100 subthemes. Coupled with this dataset, we develop an end-to-end attack-defense evaluation pipeline to systematically analyze how four representative multi-agent topologies (Layers, SharedPool, Centralized, and Decentralized) withstand attacks from 'dark-personality' agents. Our findings reveal critical differences in how these architectures handle information contamination and maintain robust decision-making, exposing their underlying vulnerability mechanisms. For instance, SharedPool's open information sharing makes it highly susceptible, whereas Decentralized architectures exhibit greater resilience thanks to inherent redundancy and isolation. To mitigate these risks, we propose a personality-scale detection and correction mechanism that identifies and rehabilitates malicious agents, restoring system safety to near-baseline levels. MedSentry thus furnishes both a rigorous evaluation framework and practical defense strategies that guide the design of safer LLM-based multi-agent systems in medical domains.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2505.20824","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4dcd6a81197cb9dd78322d5bcfb83f9aeee3914e","result_position":15,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":274130618,"title":"SoK: The Security-Safety Continuum of Multimodal Foundation Models through Information Flow and Game-Theoretic Defenses","venue":"","year":null,"authors":["Ruoxi Sun","Jiamin Chang","Hammond Pearce","Chaowei Xiao","Bo Li","¶. QiWu","Surya Nepal","Minhui Xue","Csiro Data61","Australia"],"abstract":null,"doi":"","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7276ec5967f39d95cdbbf46ea6e446c59bc2581e","result_position":16,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":267637249,"title":"Agent Smith: A Single Image Can Jailbreak One Million Multimodal LLM Agents Exponentially Fast","venue":"International Conference on Machine Learning","year":2024,"authors":["Xiangming Gu","Xiaosen Zheng","Tianyu Pang","Chao Du","Qian Liu","Ye Wang","Jing Jiang","Min Lin"],"abstract":"A multimodal large language model (MLLM) agent can receive instructions, capture images, retrieve histories from memory, and decide which tools to use. Nonetheless, red-teaming efforts have revealed that adversarial images/prompts can jailbreak an MLLM and cause unaligned behaviors. In this work, we report an even more severe safety issue in multi-agent environments, referred to as infectious jailbreak. It entails the adversary simply jailbreaking a single agent, and without any further intervention from the adversary, (almost) all agents will become infected exponentially fast and exhibit harmful behaviors. To validate the feasibility of infectious jailbreak, we simulate multi-agent environments containing up to one million LLaVA-1.5 agents, and employ randomized pair-wise chat as a proof-of-concept instantiation for multi-agent interaction. Our results show that feeding an (infectious) adversarial image into the memory of any randomly chosen agent is sufficient to achieve infectious jailbreak. Finally, we derive a simple principle for determining whether a defense mechanism can provably restrain the spread of infectious jailbreak, but how to design a practical defense that meets this principle remains an open question to investigate. Our project page is available at https://sail-sg.github.io/Agent-Smith/.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2402.08567","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b0ada492ba48e85016cbbfd95ec7180fb7e79648","result_position":17,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":271334117,"title":"RedAgent: Red Teaming Large Language Models with Context-aware Autonomous Language Agent","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2024,"authors":["Huiyu Xu","Wenhui Zhang","Zhibo Wang","Feng Xiao","Rui Zheng","Yunhe Feng","Zhongjie Ba","Kui Ren"],"abstract":"Recently, advanced Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT-4 have been integrated into many real-world applications like Code Copilot. These applications have significantly expanded the attack surface of LLMs, exposing them to a variety of threats. Among them, jailbreak attacks that induce toxic responses through jailbreak prompts have raised critical safety concerns. To identify these threats, a growing number of red teaming approaches simulate potential adversarial scenarios by crafting jailbreak prompts to test the target LLM. However, existing red teaming methods do not consider the unique vulnerabilities of LLM in different scenarios, making it difficult to adjust the jailbreak prompts to find context-specific vulnerabilities. Meanwhile, these methods are limited to refining jailbreak templates using a few mutation operations, lacking the automation and scalability to adapt to different scenarios. To enable context-aware and efficient red teaming, we abstract and model existing attacks into a coherent concept called\"jailbreak strategy\"and propose a multi-agent LLM system named RedAgent that leverages these strategies to generate context-aware jailbreak prompts. By self-reflecting on contextual feedback in an additional memory buffer, RedAgent continuously learns how to leverage these strategies to achieve effective jailbreaks in specific contexts. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our system can jailbreak most black-box LLMs in just five queries, improving the efficiency of existing red teaming methods by two times. Additionally, RedAgent can jailbreak customized LLM applications more efficiently. By generating context-aware jailbreak prompts towards applications on GPTs, we discover 60 severe vulnerabilities of these real-world applications with only two queries per vulnerability. We have reported all found issues and communicated with OpenAI and Meta for bug fixes.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2407.16667","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/da4df70c7309af93adc39d064e698cb326ac9bee","result_position":18,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":276449837,"title":"Towards Robust and Secure Embodied AI: A Survey on Vulnerabilities and Attacks","venue":"ACM Computing Surveys","year":2025,"authors":["Wenpeng Xing","Minghao Li","Mohan Li","Meng Han"],"abstract":"Embodied AI systems, integrating Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) and Large Language Models (LLMs) with physical actuators and sensors, face unique robustness and security challenges stemming from the complex interplay between perception, cognition, and actuation in real-world environments. This survey provides a systematic analysis of these vulnerabilities and associated attack surfaces. We propose a tripartite vulnerability taxonomy comprising foundational, integration, and contextual risks. Foundational vulnerabilities arise from inherent limitations in current AI architectures and training paradigms; Integration vulnerabilities emerge from the composition of cyber-physical components; And contextual vulnerabilities stem from dynamic physical environments and deployment conditions. Correspondingly, we present a comprehensive attack taxonomy that encompasses foundational attacks on LLMs/LVLMs (including logits-based, optimization-based, prompt-based, and cross-modality attacks), integration-level cybersecurity threats (such as man-in-the-middle, firmware, side-channel, and supply chain attacks), and contextual attacks (primarily sensor spoofing across multiple modalities). We further examine representative failure modes of the cognitive core, review existing evaluation methodologies and benchmarks, and synthesize a multi-layer defense framework that integrates perceptual redundancy, runtime monitoring, and hardware-enforced safety mechanisms. This work offers a unified conceptual framework and practical roadmap for designing and evaluating robust, secure Embodied AI systems in safety-critical real-world deployments.","doi":"10.1145/3806048","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/49dac81bbac4f3604a79a9308d484b1cdbd0aaa6","result_position":19,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":273404094,"title":"JAILJUDGE: A Comprehensive Jailbreak Judge Benchmark with Multi-Agent Enhanced Explanation Evaluation Framework","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2024,"authors":["Fan Liu","Yue Feng","Zhao Xu","Lixin Su","Xinyu Ma","Dawei Yin","Hao Liu"],"abstract":"Despite advancements in enhancing LLM safety against jailbreak attacks, evaluating LLM defenses remains a challenge, with current methods often lacking explainability and generalization to complex scenarios, leading to incomplete assessments (e.g., direct judgment without reasoning, low F1 score of GPT-4 in complex cases, bias in multilingual scenarios). To address this, we present JAILJUDGE, a comprehensive benchmark featuring diverse risk scenarios, including synthetic, adversarial, in-the-wild, and multilingual prompts, along with high-quality human-annotated datasets. The JAILJUDGE dataset includes over 35k+ instruction-tune data with reasoning explainability and JAILJUDGETEST, a 4.5k+ labeled set for risk scenarios, and a 6k+ multilingual set across ten languages. To enhance evaluation with explicit reasoning, we propose the JailJudge MultiAgent framework, which enables explainable, fine-grained scoring (1 to 10). This framework supports the construction of instruction-tuning ground truth and facilitates the development of JAILJUDGE Guard, an end-to-end judge model that provides reasoning and eliminates API costs. Additionally, we introduce JailBoost, an attacker-agnostic attack enhancer, and GuardShield, a moderation defense, both leveraging JAILJUDGE Guard. Our experiments demonstrate the state-of-the-art performance of JailJudge methods (JailJudge MultiAgent, JAILJUDGE Guard) across diverse models (e.g., GPT-4, Llama-Guard) and zero-shot scenarios. JailBoost and GuardShield significantly improve jailbreak attack and defense tasks under zero-shot settings, with JailBoost enhancing performance by 29.24% and GuardShield reducing defense ASR from 40.46% to 0.15%.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2410.12855","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5f0913ff752271bdb958b73e13f6b46577554379","result_position":20,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":272832335,"title":"Visual Prompting in Multimodal Large Language Models: A Survey","venue":"arXiv.org","year":2024,"authors":["Junda Wu","Zhehao Zhang","Yu Xia","Xintong Li","Zhaoyang Xia","Aaron Chang","Tong Yu","Sungchul Kim","Ryan A. Rossi","Ruiyi Zhang","Subrata Mitra","Dimitris N. Metaxas","Lina Yao","Jingbo Shang","Julian J. McAuley"],"abstract":"Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) equip pre-trained large-language models (LLMs) with visual capabilities. While textual prompting in LLMs has been widely studied, visual prompting has emerged for more fine-grained and free-form visual instructions. This paper presents the first comprehensive survey on visual prompting methods in MLLMs, focusing on visual prompting, prompt generation, compositional reasoning, and prompt learning. We categorize existing visual prompts and discuss generative methods for automatic prompt annotations on the images. We also examine visual prompting methods that enable better alignment between visual encoders and backbone LLMs, concerning MLLM's visual grounding, object referring, and compositional reasoning abilities. In addition, we provide a summary of model training and in-context learning methods to improve MLLM's perception and understanding of visual prompts. This paper examines visual prompting methods developed in MLLMs and provides a vision of the future of these methods.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2409.15310","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3d9a61fd73c4cec6810b80b0dc11f792ca5d0277","result_position":21,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":277780903,"title":"The Structural Safety Generalization Problem","venue":"Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","year":2025,"authors":["Julius Broomfield","Tom Gibbs","Ethan Kosak-Hine","George Ingebretsen","Tia Nasir","Jason Zhang","Reihaneh Iranmanesh","Sara Pieri","Reihaneh Rabbany","Kellin Pelrine"],"abstract":"LLM jailbreaks are a widespread safety challenge. Given this problem has not yet been tractable, we suggest targeting a key failure mechanism: the failure of safety to generalize across semantically equivalent inputs. We further focus the target by requiring desirable tractability properties of attacks to study: explainability, transferability between models, and transferability between goals. We perform red-teaming within this framework by uncovering new vulnerabilities to multi-turn, multi-image, and translation-based attacks. These attacks are semantically equivalent by our design to their single-turn, single-image, or untranslated counterparts, enabling systematic comparisons; we show that the different structures yield different safety outcomes. We then demonstrate the potential for this framework to enable new defenses by proposing a Structure Rewriting Guardrail, which converts an input to a structure more conducive to safety assessment. This guardrail significantly improves refusal of harmful inputs, without over-refusing benign ones. Thus, by framing this intermediate challenge - more tractable than universal defenses but essential for long-term safety - we highlight a critical milestone for AI safety research.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2504.09712","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/031dfd046a194e0b70ed0b02b9a2155a67e3f24b","result_position":22,"is_clicked":false}],"string":"[\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 278602377,\n \"title\": \"Security of Internet of Agents: Attacks and Countermeasures\",\n \"venue\": \"IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yuntao Wang\",\n \"Yanghe Pan\",\n \"Shaolong Guo\",\n \"Zhou Su\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"With the rise of large language and vision-language models, AI agents have evolved into autonomous, interactive systems capable of perception, reasoning, and decision-making. As they proliferate across virtual and physical domains, the Internet of Agents (IoA) has emerged as a key infrastructure for enabling scalable and secure coordination among heterogeneous agents. This survey offers a comprehensive examination of the security and privacy landscape in IoA systems. We begin by outlining the IoA architecture and its distinct vulnerabilities compared to traditional networks, focusing on four critical aspects: identity authentication threats, cross-agent trust issues, embodied security, and privacy risks. We then review existing and emerging defense mechanisms and highlight persistent challenges. Finally, we identify open research directions to advance the development of resilient and privacy-preserving IoA ecosystems.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/OJCS.2025.3589638\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8f92a7db7adefa86701b88b970e15bb8c81e6491\",\n \"result_position\": 0,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 277468592,\n \"title\": \"Agents Under Siege: Breaking Pragmatic Multi-Agent LLM Systems with Optimized Prompt Attacks\",\n \"venue\": \"Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Rana Muhammad Shahroz Khan\",\n \"Zhen Tan\",\n \"Sukwon Yun\",\n \"Charles Flemming\",\n \"Tianlong Chen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Most discussions about Large Language Model (LLM) safety have focused on single-agent settings but multi-agent LLM systems now create novel adversarial risks because their behavior depends on communication between agents and decentralized reasoning. In this work, we innovatively focus on attacking pragmatic systems that have constrains such as limited token bandwidth, latency between message delivery, and defense mechanisms. We design a $\\\\textit{permutation-invariant adversarial attack}$ that optimizes prompt distribution across latency and bandwidth-constraint network topologies to bypass distributed safety mechanisms within the system. Formulating the attack path as a problem of $\\\\textit{maximum-flow minimum-cost}$, coupled with the novel $\\\\textit{Permutation-Invariant Evasion Loss (PIEL)}$, we leverage graph-based optimization to maximize attack success rate while minimizing detection risk. Evaluating across models including $\\\\texttt{Llama}$, $\\\\texttt{Mistral}$, $\\\\texttt{Gemma}$, $\\\\texttt{DeepSeek}$ and other variants on various datasets like $\\\\texttt{JailBreakBench}$ and $\\\\texttt{AdversarialBench}$, our method outperforms conventional attacks by up to $7\\\\times$, exposing critical vulnerabilities in multi-agent systems. Moreover, we demonstrate that existing defenses, including variants of $\\\\texttt{Llama-Guard}$ and $\\\\texttt{PromptGuard}$, fail to prohibit our attack, emphasizing the urgent need for multi-agent specific safety mechanisms.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2504.00218\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8be6b0b0c7af16da10938c252db05cd8dd2f74d0\",\n \"result_position\": 1,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 279070585,\n \"title\": \"Seven Security Challenges That Must be Solved in Cross-domain Multi-agent LLM Systems\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ronny Ko\",\n \"Jiseong Jeong\",\n \"Shuyuan Zheng\",\n \"Chuan Xiao\",\n \"Taewan Kim\",\n \"Makoto Onizuka\",\n \"Wonyong Shin\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large language models (LLMs) are rapidly evolving into autonomous agents that cooperate across organizational boundaries, enabling joint disaster response, supply-chain optimization, and other tasks that demand decentralized expertise without surrendering data ownership. Yet, cross-domain collaboration shatters the unified trust assumptions behind current alignment and containment techniques. An agent benign in isolation may, when receiving messages from an untrusted peer, leak secrets or violate policy, producing risks driven by emergent multi-agent dynamics rather than classical software bugs. This position paper maps the security agenda for cross-domain multi-agent LLM systems. We introduce seven categories of novel security challenges, for each of which we also present plausible attacks, security evaluation metrics, and future research guidelines.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2505.23847\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4022081711542ac1b1d82ca455f2a4282d6359aa\",\n \"result_position\": 2,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 277999852,\n \"title\": \"Amplified Vulnerabilities: Structured Jailbreak Attacks on LLM-based Multi-Agent Debate\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Senmao Qi\",\n \"Yifei Zou\",\n \"Peng Li\",\n \"Zi Lin\",\n \"Xiuzhen Cheng\",\n \"Dongxiao Yu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Multi-Agent Debate (MAD), leveraging collaborative interactions among Large Language Models (LLMs), aim to enhance reasoning capabilities in complex tasks. However, the security implications of their iterative dialogues and role-playing characteristics, particularly susceptibility to jailbreak attacks eliciting harmful content, remain critically underexplored. This paper systematically investigates the jailbreak vulnerabilities of four prominent MAD frameworks built upon leading commercial LLMs (GPT-4o, GPT-4, GPT-3.5-turbo, and DeepSeek) without compromising internal agents. We introduce a novel structured prompt-rewriting framework specifically designed to exploit MAD dynamics via narrative encapsulation, role-driven escalation, iterative refinement, and rhetorical obfuscation. Our extensive experiments demonstrate that MAD systems are inherently more vulnerable than single-agent setups. Crucially, our proposed attack methodology significantly amplifies this fragility, increasing average harmfulness from 28.14% to 80.34% and achieving attack success rates as high as 80% in certain scenarios. These findings reveal intrinsic vulnerabilities in MAD architectures and underscore the urgent need for robust, specialized defenses prior to real-world deployment.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2504.16489\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/523090aa81939c856e0e7f9a0f32eb705672a545\",\n \"result_position\": 3,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 265294905,\n \"title\": \"Evil Geniuses: Delving into the Safety of LLM-based Agents\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yu Tian\",\n \"Xiao Yang\",\n \"Jingyuan Zhang\",\n \"Yinpeng Dong\",\n \"Hang Su\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Rapid advancements in large language models (LLMs) have revitalized in LLM-based agents, exhibiting impressive human-like behaviors and cooperative capabilities in various scenarios. However, these agents also bring some exclusive risks, stemming from the complexity of interaction environments and the usability of tools. This paper delves into the safety of LLM-based agents from three perspectives: agent quantity, role definition, and attack level. Specifically, we initially propose to employ a template-based attack strategy on LLM-based agents to find the influence of agent quantity. In addition, to address interaction environment and role specificity issues, we introduce Evil Geniuses (EG), an effective attack method that autonomously generates prompts related to the original role to examine the impact across various role definitions and attack levels. EG leverages Red-Blue exercises, significantly improving the generated prompt aggressiveness and similarity to original roles. Our evaluations on CAMEL, Metagpt and ChatDev based on GPT-3.5 and GPT-4, demonstrate high success rates. Extensive evaluation and discussion reveal that these agents are less robust, prone to more harmful behaviors, and capable of generating stealthier content than LLMs, highlighting significant safety challenges and guiding future research. Our code is available at https://github.com/T1aNS1R/Evil-Geniuses.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2311.11855\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/263a58f4fd32caca1dad2351af4d711aec451fe6\",\n \"result_position\": 4,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 279447443,\n \"title\": \"From LLMs to MLLMs to Agents: A Survey of Emerging Paradigms in Jailbreak Attacks and Defenses within LLM Ecosystem\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yanxu Mao\",\n \"Tiehan Cui\",\n \"Peipei Liu\",\n \"Datao You\",\n \"Hongsong Zhu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Large language models (LLMs) are rapidly evolving from single-modal systems to multimodal LLMs and intelligent agents, significantly expanding their capabilities while introducing increasingly severe security risks. This paper presents a systematic survey of the growing complexity of jailbreak attacks and corresponding defense mechanisms within the expanding LLM ecosystem. We first trace the developmental trajectory from LLMs to MLLMs and Agents, highlighting the core security challenges emerging at each stage. Next, we categorize mainstream jailbreak techniques from both the attack impact and visibility perspectives, and provide a comprehensive analysis of representative attack methods, related datasets, and evaluation metrics. On the defense side, we organize existing strategies based on response timing and technical approach, offering a structured understanding of their applicability and implementation. Furthermore, we identify key limitations in existing surveys, such as insufficient attention to agent-specific security issues, the absence of a clear taxonomy for hybrid jailbreak methods, a lack of detailed analysis of experimental setups, and outdated coverage of recent advancements. To address these limitations, we provide an updated synthesis of recent work and outline future research directions in areas such as dataset construction, evaluation framework optimization, and strategy generalization. Our study seeks to enhance the understanding of jailbreak mechanisms and facilitate the advancement of more resilient and adaptive defense strategies in the context of ever more capable LLMs.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2506.15170\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ccfabe9f33f11bd1fbc4ac2bf219fc29cc5fa96d\",\n \"result_position\": 5,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 278327694,\n \"title\": \"Open Challenges in Multi-Agent Security: Towards Secure Systems of Interacting AI Agents\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Christian Schröder de Witt\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Decentralized AI agents will soon interact across internet platforms, creating security challenges beyond traditional cybersecurity and AI safety frameworks. Free-form protocols are essential for AI's task generalization but enable new threats like secret collusion and coordinated swarm attacks. Network effects can rapidly spread privacy breaches, disinformation, jailbreaks, and data poisoning, while multi-agent dispersion and stealth optimization help adversaries evade oversightcreating novel persistent threats at a systemic level. Despite their critical importance, these security challenges remain understudied, with research fragmented across disparate fields including AI security, multi-agent learning, complex systems, cybersecurity, game theory, distributed systems, and technical AI governance. We introduce \\\\textbf{multi-agent security}, a new field dedicated to securing networks of decentralized AI agents against threats that emerge or amplify through their interactionswhether direct or indirect via shared environmentswith each other, humans, and institutions, and characterize fundamental security-performance trade-offs. Our preliminary work (1) taxonomizes the threat landscape arising from interacting AI agents, (2) surveys security-performance tradeoffs in decentralized AI systems, and (3) proposes a unified research agenda addressing open challenges in designing secure agent systems and interaction environments. By identifying these gaps, we aim to guide research in this critical area to unlock the socioeconomic potential of large-scale agent deployment on the internet, foster public trust, and mitigate national security risks in critical infrastructure and defense contexts.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2505.02077\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bfbc4873584f1daec31589d58a53607db6e2e170\",\n \"result_position\": 6,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 268297202,\n \"title\": \"AutoDefense: Multi-Agent LLM Defense against Jailbreak Attacks\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yifan Zeng\",\n \"Yiran Wu\",\n \"Xiao Zhang\",\n \"Huazheng Wang\",\n \"Qingyun Wu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Despite extensive pre-training in moral alignment to prevent generating harmful information, large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks. In this paper, we propose AutoDefense, a multi-agent defense framework that filters harmful responses from LLMs. With the response-filtering mechanism, our framework is robust against different jailbreak attack prompts, and can be used to defend different victim models. AutoDefense assigns different roles to LLM agents and employs them to complete the defense task collaboratively. The division in tasks enhances the overall instruction-following of LLMs and enables the integration of other defense components as tools. With AutoDefense, small open-source LMs can serve as agents and defend larger models against jailbreak attacks. Our experiments show that AutoDefense can effectively defense against different jailbreak attacks, while maintaining the performance at normal user request. For example, we reduce the attack success rate on GPT-3.5 from 55.74% to 7.95% using LLaMA-2-13b with a 3-agent system. Our code and data are publicly available at https://github.com/XHMY/AutoDefense.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2403.04783\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8ba57771dd6345821a0cbe83c4c7eb50f66b7b65\",\n \"result_position\": 7,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 276618318,\n \"title\": \"Multi-Agent Security Tax: Trading Off Security and Collaboration Capabilities in Multi-Agent Systems\",\n \"venue\": \"AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Pierre Peigné\",\n \"Mikolaj Kniejski\",\n \"Filip Sondej\",\n \"M. David\",\n \"J. Hoelscher-Obermaier\",\n \"Christian Schröder de Witt\",\n \"Esben Kran\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"As AI agents are increasingly adopted to collaborate on complex objectives, ensuring the security of autonomous multi-agent systems becomes crucial. We develop simulations of agents collaborating on shared objectives to study these security risks and security trade-offs. We focus on scenarios where an attacker compromises one agent, using it to steer the entire system toward misaligned outcomes by corrupting other agents. In this context, we observe infectious malicious prompts - the multi-hop spreading of malicious instructions. To mitigate this risk, we evaluated several strategies: two \\\"vaccination\\\" approaches that insert false memories of safely handling malicious input into the agents' memory stream, and two versions of a generic safety instruction strategy. While these defenses reduce the spread and fulfillment of malicious instructions in our experiments, they tend to decrease collaboration capability in the agent network. Our findings illustrate potential trade-off between security and collaborative efficiency in multi-agent systems, providing insights for designing more secure yet effective AI collaborations.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2502.19145\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/184cde00221c7dde395c7b456a3565fcc957a115\",\n \"result_position\": 8,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 276574861,\n \"title\": \"Guardians of the Agentic System: Preventing Many Shots Jailbreak with Agentic System\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Saikat Barua\",\n \"Mostafizur Rahman\",\n \"Md Jafor Sadek\",\n \"Rafiul Islam\",\n \"Shehnaz Khaled\",\n \"Ahmedul Haque Kabir\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The autonomous AI agents using large language models can create undeniable values in all span of the society but they face security threats from adversaries that warrants immediate protective solutions because trust and safety issues arise. Considering the many-shot jailbreaking and deceptive alignment as some of the main advanced attacks, that cannot be mitigated by the static guardrails used during the supervised training, points out a crucial research priority for real world robustness. The combination of static guardrails in dynamic multi-agent system fails to defend against those attacks. We intend to enhance security for LLM-based agents through the development of new evaluation frameworks which identify and counter threats for safe operational deployment. Our work uses three examination methods to detect rogue agents through a Reverse Turing Test and analyze deceptive alignment through multi-agent simulations and develops an anti-jailbreaking system by testing it with GEMINI 1.5 pro and llama-3.3-70B, deepseek r1 models using tool-mediated adversarial scenarios. The detection capabilities are strong such as 94\\\\% accuracy for GEMINI 1.5 pro yet the system suffers persistent vulnerabilities when under long attacks as prompt length increases attack success rates (ASR) and diversity metrics become ineffective in prediction while revealing multiple complex system faults. The findings demonstrate the necessity of adopting flexible security systems based on active monitoring that can be performed by the agents themselves together with adaptable interventions by system admin as the current models can create vulnerabilities that can lead to the unreliable and vulnerable system. So, in our work, we try to address such situations and propose a comprehensive framework to counteract the security issues.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2502.16750\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/df2cce617476610722f2e8b2001942bf74576525\",\n \"result_position\": 9,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 276960878,\n \"title\": \"A Survey on Trustworthy LLM Agents: Threats and Countermeasures\",\n \"venue\": \"Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Miao Yu\",\n \"Fanci Meng\",\n \"Xinyun Zhou\",\n \"Shilong Wang\",\n \"Junyuan Mao\",\n \"Li Pan\",\n \"Tianlong Chen\",\n \"Kun Wang\",\n \"Xinfeng Li\",\n \"Yongfeng Zhang\",\n \"Bo An\",\n \"Qingsong Wen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"With the rapid evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs), LLM-based agents and Multi-agent Systems (MAS) have significantly expanded the capabilities of LLM ecosystems. This evolution stems from empowering LLMs with additional modules such as memory, tools, environment, and even other agents. However, this advancement has also introduced more complex issues of trustworthiness, which previous research focusing solely on LLMs could not cover. In this survey, we propose the TrustAgent framework, a comprehensive study on the trustworthiness of agents, characterized by modular taxonomy, multi-dimensional connotations, and technical implementation. By thoroughly investigating and summarizing newly emerged attacks, defenses, and evaluation methods for agents and MAS, we extend the concept of Trustworthy LLM to the emerging paradigm of Trustworthy Agent. In TrustAgent, we begin by deconstructing and introducing various components of the Agent and MAS. Then, we categorize their trustworthiness into intrinsic (brain, memory, and tool) and extrinsic (user, agent, and environment) aspects. Subsequently, we delineate the multifaceted meanings of trustworthiness and elaborate on the implementation techniques of existing research related to these internal and external modules. Finally, we present our insights and outlook on this domain, aiming to provide guidance for future endeavors. For easy reference, we categorize all the studies mentioned in this survey according to our taxonomy, available at: https://github.com/Ymm-cll/TrustAgent.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1145/3711896.3736561\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4166938d9659161b31e7c04662bfb0b419d5f44d\",\n \"result_position\": 10,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 277350072,\n \"title\": \"Large Language Model Agent: A Survey on Methodology, Applications and Challenges\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Junyu Luo\",\n \"Weizhi Zhang\",\n \"Ye Yuan\",\n \"Yusheng Zhao\",\n \"Junwei Yang\",\n \"Yiyang Gu\",\n \"Bohan Wu\",\n \"Binqi Chen\",\n \"Ziyue Qiao\",\n \"Qingqing Long\",\n \"Rongcheng Tu\",\n \"Xiaoming Luo\",\n \"Wei Ju\",\n \"Zhiping Xiao\",\n \"Yifan Wang\",\n \"Mengxue Xiao\",\n \"Chen-Wuing Liu\",\n \"Jingyang Yuan\",\n \"Shichang Zhang\",\n \"Yiqiao Jin\",\n \"Fan Zhang\",\n \"Xianhong Wu\",\n \"Hanqing Zhao\",\n \"Dacheng Tao\",\n \"Philip S. Yu\",\n \"Ming Zhang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The era of intelligent agents is upon us, driven by revolutionary advancements in large language models. Large Language Model (LLM) agents, with goal-driven behaviors and dynamic adaptation capabilities, potentially represent a critical pathway toward artificial general intelligence. This survey systematically deconstructs LLM agent systems through a methodology-centered taxonomy, linking architectural foundations, collaboration mechanisms, and evolutionary pathways. We unify fragmented research threads by revealing fundamental connections between agent design principles and their emergent behaviors in complex environments. Our work provides a unified architectural perspective, examining how agents are constructed, how they collaborate, and how they evolve over time, while also addressing evaluation methodologies, tool applications, practical challenges, and diverse application domains. By surveying the latest developments in this rapidly evolving field, we offer researchers a structured taxonomy for understanding LLM agents and identify promising directions for future research. The collection is available at https://github.com/luo-junyu/Awesome-Agent-Papers.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2503.21460\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/56fc00881e8d854f3cdecb2d072c369ac818c3ef\",\n \"result_position\": 11,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 271601127,\n \"title\": \"Fuzz-Testing Meets LLM-Based Agents: An Automated and Efficient Framework for Jailbreaking Text-to-Image Generation Models\",\n \"venue\": \"IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yingkai Dong\",\n \"Xiangtao Meng\",\n \"Ning Yu\",\n \"Zheng Li\",\n \"Shanqing Guo\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Text-to-image (T2I) generative models have revolutionized content creation by transforming textual descriptions into high-quality images. However, these models are vulnerable to jailbreaking attacks, where carefully crafted prompts bypass safety mechanisms to produce unsafe content. While researchers have developed various jailbreak attacks to expose this risk, these methods face significant limitations, including impractical access requirements, easily detectable unnatural prompts, restricted search spaces, and high query demands on the target system. In this paper, we propose JailFuzzer, a novel fuzzing framework driven by large language model (LLM) agents, designed to efficiently generate natural and semantically meaningful jailbreak prompts in a black-box setting. Specifically, JailFuzzer employs fuzz-testing principles with three components: a seed pool for initial and jailbreak prompts, a guided mutation engine for generating meaningful variations, and an oracle function to evaluate jailbreak success. Furthermore, we construct the guided mutation engine and oracle function by LLM-based agents, which further ensures efficiency and adaptability in black-box settings. Extensive experiments demonstrate that JailFuzzer has significant advantages in jailbreaking T2I models. It generates natural and semantically coherent prompts, reducing the likelihood of detection by traditional defenses. Additionally, it achieves a high success rate in jailbreak attacks with minimal query overhead, outperforming existing methods across all key metrics. This study underscores the need for stronger safety mechanisms in generative models and provides a foundation for future research on defending against sophisticated jailbreaking attacks. JailFuzzer is open-source and available at this repository: https://github.com/YingkaiD/JailFuzzer.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/SP61157.2025.00119\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/32a101766e67a5f6db9042a672d1bbaef74c81aa\",\n \"result_position\": 12,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 273507642,\n \"title\": \"A Troublemaker with Contagious Jailbreak Makes Chaos in Honest Towns\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Tianyi Men\",\n \"Pengfei Cao\",\n \"Zhuoran Jin\",\n \"Yubo Chen\",\n \"Kang Liu\",\n \"Jun Zhao\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"With the development of large language models, they are widely used as agents in various fields. A key component of agents is memory, which stores vital information but is susceptible to jailbreak attacks. Existing research mainly focuses on single-agent attacks and shared memory attacks. However, real-world scenarios often involve independent memory. In this paper, we propose the Troublemaker Makes Chaos in Honest Town (TMCHT) task, a large-scale, multi-agent, multi-topology text-based attack evaluation framework. TMCHT involves one attacker agent attempting to mislead an entire society of agents. We identify two major challenges in multi-agent attacks: (1) Non-complete graph structure, (2) Large-scale systems. We attribute these challenges to a phenomenon we term toxicity disappearing. To address these issues, we propose an Adversarial Replication Contagious Jailbreak (ARCJ) method, which optimizes the retrieval suffix to make poisoned samples more easily retrieved and optimizes the replication suffix to make poisoned samples have contagious ability. We demonstrate the superiority of our approach in TMCHT, with 23.51%, 18.95%, and 52.93% improvements in line topology, star topology, and 100-agent settings. Encourage community attention to the security of multi-agent systems.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2410.16155\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cde46b95149067331329086a9e8c828562bd639f\",\n \"result_position\": 13,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 267897828,\n \"title\": \"The Wolf Within: Covert Injection of Malice into MLLM Societies via an MLLM Operative\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Zhen Tan\",\n \"Chengshuai Zhao\",\n \"Raha Moraffah\",\n \"Yifan Li\",\n \"Yu Kong\",\n \"Tianlong Chen\",\n \"Huan Liu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Due to their unprecedented ability to process and respond to various types of data, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are constantly defining the new boundary of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). As these advanced generative models increasingly form collaborative networks for complex tasks, the integrity and security of these systems are crucial. Our paper, ``The Wolf Within'', explores a novel vulnerability in MLLM societies - the indirect propagation of malicious content. Unlike direct harmful output generation for MLLMs, our research demonstrates how a single MLLM agent can be subtly influenced to generate prompts that, in turn, induce other MLLM agents in the society to output malicious content. Our findings reveal that, an MLLM agent, when manipulated to produce specific prompts or instructions, can effectively ``infect'' other agents within a society of MLLMs. This infection leads to the generation and circulation of harmful outputs, such as dangerous instructions or misinformation, across the society. We also show the transferability of these indirectly generated prompts, highlighting their possibility in propagating malice through inter-agent communication. This research provides a critical insight into a new dimension of threat posed by MLLMs, where a single agent can act as a catalyst for widespread malevolent influence. Our work underscores the urgent need for developing robust mechanisms to detect and mitigate such covert manipulations within MLLM societies, ensuring their safe and ethical utilization in societal applications.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2402.14859\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d42c94924fb0117e4fdb746c21071a950c2eb83a\",\n \"result_position\": 14,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 278911059,\n \"title\": \"MedSentry: Understanding and Mitigating Safety Risks in Medical LLM Multi-Agent Systems\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Kai Chen\",\n \"Taihang Zhen\",\n \"Hewei Wang\",\n \"Kai Liu\",\n \"Xinfeng Li\",\n \"Jing Huo\",\n \"Tianpei Yang\",\n \"Jinfeng Xu\",\n \"Wei Dong\",\n \"Yang Gao\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in healthcare, ensuring their safety, particularly within collaborative multi-agent configurations, is paramount. In this paper we introduce MedSentry, a benchmark comprising 5 000 adversarial medical prompts spanning 25 threat categories with 100 subthemes. Coupled with this dataset, we develop an end-to-end attack-defense evaluation pipeline to systematically analyze how four representative multi-agent topologies (Layers, SharedPool, Centralized, and Decentralized) withstand attacks from 'dark-personality' agents. Our findings reveal critical differences in how these architectures handle information contamination and maintain robust decision-making, exposing their underlying vulnerability mechanisms. For instance, SharedPool's open information sharing makes it highly susceptible, whereas Decentralized architectures exhibit greater resilience thanks to inherent redundancy and isolation. To mitigate these risks, we propose a personality-scale detection and correction mechanism that identifies and rehabilitates malicious agents, restoring system safety to near-baseline levels. MedSentry thus furnishes both a rigorous evaluation framework and practical defense strategies that guide the design of safer LLM-based multi-agent systems in medical domains.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2505.20824\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4dcd6a81197cb9dd78322d5bcfb83f9aeee3914e\",\n \"result_position\": 15,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 274130618,\n \"title\": \"SoK: The Security-Safety Continuum of Multimodal Foundation Models through Information Flow and Game-Theoretic Defenses\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": null,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ruoxi Sun\",\n \"Jiamin Chang\",\n \"Hammond Pearce\",\n \"Chaowei Xiao\",\n \"Bo Li\",\n \"¶. QiWu\",\n \"Surya Nepal\",\n \"Minhui Xue\",\n \"Csiro Data61\",\n \"Australia\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7276ec5967f39d95cdbbf46ea6e446c59bc2581e\",\n \"result_position\": 16,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 267637249,\n \"title\": \"Agent Smith: A Single Image Can Jailbreak One Million Multimodal LLM Agents Exponentially Fast\",\n \"venue\": \"International Conference on Machine Learning\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Xiangming Gu\",\n \"Xiaosen Zheng\",\n \"Tianyu Pang\",\n \"Chao Du\",\n \"Qian Liu\",\n \"Ye Wang\",\n \"Jing Jiang\",\n \"Min Lin\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"A multimodal large language model (MLLM) agent can receive instructions, capture images, retrieve histories from memory, and decide which tools to use. Nonetheless, red-teaming efforts have revealed that adversarial images/prompts can jailbreak an MLLM and cause unaligned behaviors. In this work, we report an even more severe safety issue in multi-agent environments, referred to as infectious jailbreak. It entails the adversary simply jailbreaking a single agent, and without any further intervention from the adversary, (almost) all agents will become infected exponentially fast and exhibit harmful behaviors. To validate the feasibility of infectious jailbreak, we simulate multi-agent environments containing up to one million LLaVA-1.5 agents, and employ randomized pair-wise chat as a proof-of-concept instantiation for multi-agent interaction. Our results show that feeding an (infectious) adversarial image into the memory of any randomly chosen agent is sufficient to achieve infectious jailbreak. Finally, we derive a simple principle for determining whether a defense mechanism can provably restrain the spread of infectious jailbreak, but how to design a practical defense that meets this principle remains an open question to investigate. Our project page is available at https://sail-sg.github.io/Agent-Smith/.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2402.08567\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b0ada492ba48e85016cbbfd95ec7180fb7e79648\",\n \"result_position\": 17,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 271334117,\n \"title\": \"RedAgent: Red Teaming Large Language Models with Context-aware Autonomous Language Agent\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Huiyu Xu\",\n \"Wenhui Zhang\",\n \"Zhibo Wang\",\n \"Feng Xiao\",\n \"Rui Zheng\",\n \"Yunhe Feng\",\n \"Zhongjie Ba\",\n \"Kui Ren\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Recently, advanced Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT-4 have been integrated into many real-world applications like Code Copilot. These applications have significantly expanded the attack surface of LLMs, exposing them to a variety of threats. Among them, jailbreak attacks that induce toxic responses through jailbreak prompts have raised critical safety concerns. To identify these threats, a growing number of red teaming approaches simulate potential adversarial scenarios by crafting jailbreak prompts to test the target LLM. However, existing red teaming methods do not consider the unique vulnerabilities of LLM in different scenarios, making it difficult to adjust the jailbreak prompts to find context-specific vulnerabilities. Meanwhile, these methods are limited to refining jailbreak templates using a few mutation operations, lacking the automation and scalability to adapt to different scenarios. To enable context-aware and efficient red teaming, we abstract and model existing attacks into a coherent concept called\\\"jailbreak strategy\\\"and propose a multi-agent LLM system named RedAgent that leverages these strategies to generate context-aware jailbreak prompts. By self-reflecting on contextual feedback in an additional memory buffer, RedAgent continuously learns how to leverage these strategies to achieve effective jailbreaks in specific contexts. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our system can jailbreak most black-box LLMs in just five queries, improving the efficiency of existing red teaming methods by two times. Additionally, RedAgent can jailbreak customized LLM applications more efficiently. By generating context-aware jailbreak prompts towards applications on GPTs, we discover 60 severe vulnerabilities of these real-world applications with only two queries per vulnerability. We have reported all found issues and communicated with OpenAI and Meta for bug fixes.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2407.16667\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/da4df70c7309af93adc39d064e698cb326ac9bee\",\n \"result_position\": 18,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 276449837,\n \"title\": \"Towards Robust and Secure Embodied AI: A Survey on Vulnerabilities and Attacks\",\n \"venue\": \"ACM Computing Surveys\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Wenpeng Xing\",\n \"Minghao Li\",\n \"Mohan Li\",\n \"Meng Han\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Embodied AI systems, integrating Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) and Large Language Models (LLMs) with physical actuators and sensors, face unique robustness and security challenges stemming from the complex interplay between perception, cognition, and actuation in real-world environments. This survey provides a systematic analysis of these vulnerabilities and associated attack surfaces. We propose a tripartite vulnerability taxonomy comprising foundational, integration, and contextual risks. Foundational vulnerabilities arise from inherent limitations in current AI architectures and training paradigms; Integration vulnerabilities emerge from the composition of cyber-physical components; And contextual vulnerabilities stem from dynamic physical environments and deployment conditions. Correspondingly, we present a comprehensive attack taxonomy that encompasses foundational attacks on LLMs/LVLMs (including logits-based, optimization-based, prompt-based, and cross-modality attacks), integration-level cybersecurity threats (such as man-in-the-middle, firmware, side-channel, and supply chain attacks), and contextual attacks (primarily sensor spoofing across multiple modalities). We further examine representative failure modes of the cognitive core, review existing evaluation methodologies and benchmarks, and synthesize a multi-layer defense framework that integrates perceptual redundancy, runtime monitoring, and hardware-enforced safety mechanisms. This work offers a unified conceptual framework and practical roadmap for designing and evaluating robust, secure Embodied AI systems in safety-critical real-world deployments.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1145/3806048\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/49dac81bbac4f3604a79a9308d484b1cdbd0aaa6\",\n \"result_position\": 19,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 273404094,\n \"title\": \"JAILJUDGE: A Comprehensive Jailbreak Judge Benchmark with Multi-Agent Enhanced Explanation Evaluation Framework\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Fan Liu\",\n \"Yue Feng\",\n \"Zhao Xu\",\n \"Lixin Su\",\n \"Xinyu Ma\",\n \"Dawei Yin\",\n \"Hao Liu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Despite advancements in enhancing LLM safety against jailbreak attacks, evaluating LLM defenses remains a challenge, with current methods often lacking explainability and generalization to complex scenarios, leading to incomplete assessments (e.g., direct judgment without reasoning, low F1 score of GPT-4 in complex cases, bias in multilingual scenarios). To address this, we present JAILJUDGE, a comprehensive benchmark featuring diverse risk scenarios, including synthetic, adversarial, in-the-wild, and multilingual prompts, along with high-quality human-annotated datasets. The JAILJUDGE dataset includes over 35k+ instruction-tune data with reasoning explainability and JAILJUDGETEST, a 4.5k+ labeled set for risk scenarios, and a 6k+ multilingual set across ten languages. To enhance evaluation with explicit reasoning, we propose the JailJudge MultiAgent framework, which enables explainable, fine-grained scoring (1 to 10). This framework supports the construction of instruction-tuning ground truth and facilitates the development of JAILJUDGE Guard, an end-to-end judge model that provides reasoning and eliminates API costs. Additionally, we introduce JailBoost, an attacker-agnostic attack enhancer, and GuardShield, a moderation defense, both leveraging JAILJUDGE Guard. Our experiments demonstrate the state-of-the-art performance of JailJudge methods (JailJudge MultiAgent, JAILJUDGE Guard) across diverse models (e.g., GPT-4, Llama-Guard) and zero-shot scenarios. JailBoost and GuardShield significantly improve jailbreak attack and defense tasks under zero-shot settings, with JailBoost enhancing performance by 29.24% and GuardShield reducing defense ASR from 40.46% to 0.15%.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2410.12855\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5f0913ff752271bdb958b73e13f6b46577554379\",\n \"result_position\": 20,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 272832335,\n \"title\": \"Visual Prompting in Multimodal Large Language Models: A Survey\",\n \"venue\": \"arXiv.org\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Junda Wu\",\n \"Zhehao Zhang\",\n \"Yu Xia\",\n \"Xintong Li\",\n \"Zhaoyang Xia\",\n \"Aaron Chang\",\n \"Tong Yu\",\n \"Sungchul Kim\",\n \"Ryan A. Rossi\",\n \"Ruiyi Zhang\",\n \"Subrata Mitra\",\n \"Dimitris N. Metaxas\",\n \"Lina Yao\",\n \"Jingbo Shang\",\n \"Julian J. McAuley\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) equip pre-trained large-language models (LLMs) with visual capabilities. While textual prompting in LLMs has been widely studied, visual prompting has emerged for more fine-grained and free-form visual instructions. This paper presents the first comprehensive survey on visual prompting methods in MLLMs, focusing on visual prompting, prompt generation, compositional reasoning, and prompt learning. We categorize existing visual prompts and discuss generative methods for automatic prompt annotations on the images. We also examine visual prompting methods that enable better alignment between visual encoders and backbone LLMs, concerning MLLM's visual grounding, object referring, and compositional reasoning abilities. In addition, we provide a summary of model training and in-context learning methods to improve MLLM's perception and understanding of visual prompts. This paper examines visual prompting methods developed in MLLMs and provides a vision of the future of these methods.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2409.15310\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3d9a61fd73c4cec6810b80b0dc11f792ca5d0277\",\n \"result_position\": 21,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 277780903,\n \"title\": \"The Structural Safety Generalization Problem\",\n \"venue\": \"Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Julius Broomfield\",\n \"Tom Gibbs\",\n \"Ethan Kosak-Hine\",\n \"George Ingebretsen\",\n \"Tia Nasir\",\n \"Jason Zhang\",\n \"Reihaneh Iranmanesh\",\n \"Sara Pieri\",\n \"Reihaneh Rabbany\",\n \"Kellin Pelrine\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"LLM jailbreaks are a widespread safety challenge. Given this problem has not yet been tractable, we suggest targeting a key failure mechanism: the failure of safety to generalize across semantically equivalent inputs. We further focus the target by requiring desirable tractability properties of attacks to study: explainability, transferability between models, and transferability between goals. We perform red-teaming within this framework by uncovering new vulnerabilities to multi-turn, multi-image, and translation-based attacks. These attacks are semantically equivalent by our design to their single-turn, single-image, or untranslated counterparts, enabling systematic comparisons; we show that the different structures yield different safety outcomes. We then demonstrate the potential for this framework to enable new defenses by proposing a Structure Rewriting Guardrail, which converts an input to a structure more conducive to safety assessment. This guardrail significantly improves refusal of harmful inputs, without over-refusing benign ones. Thus, by framing this intermediate challenge - more tractable than universal defenses but essential for long-term safety - we highlight a critical milestone for AI safety research.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48550/arXiv.2504.09712\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/031dfd046a194e0b70ed0b02b9a2155a67e3f24b\",\n \"result_position\": 22,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":98,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"Mechanobiology, the study of how mechanical forces influence biological systems, operates across a vast spectrum of timescales, ranging from the ultrafast activation of mechanosensitive ion channels in milliseconds to the gradual stiffening of tissues during fibrosis over decades"},"query_timestamp":{"kind":"string","value":"2025-04-28T14:37:03.583509+00:00"},"thread_id":{"kind":"string","value":"82e1022f37cb44059c900f6e4eee7d391930f63e4e69c493ff90fe8a727811c4"},"num_shown":{"kind":"number","value":75,"string":"75"},"num_clicked":{"kind":"number","value":1,"string":"1"},"has_clicks":{"kind":"bool","value":true,"string":"true"},"shown_papers":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"corpus_id":274956297,"title":"Biophysical assays to test cellular mechanosensing: moving towards high throughput","venue":"Biophysical Reviews","year":2024,"authors":["Marta Cubero-Sarabia","Anna Maria Kapetanaki","M. Vassalli"],"abstract":"Mechanosensitivity is the ability of cells to sense and respond to mechanical stimuli. In order to do this, cells are endowed with different components that allow them to react to a broad range of stimuli, such as compression or shear forces, pressure, and vibrations. This sensing process, mechanosensing, is involved in fundamental physiological mechanisms, such as stem cell differentiation and migration, but it is also central to the development of pathogenic states. Here, we review the approaches that have been proposed to quantify mechanosensation in living cells, with a specific focus on methodologies that enable higher experimental throughput. This aspect is crucial to fully understand the nuances of mechanosensation and how it impacts the physiology and pathology of living systems. We will discuss traditional methods for studying mechanosensing at the level of single cells, with particular attention to the activation of the mechanosensitive ion channel piezo1. Moreover, we will present recent attempts to push the analysis towards higher throughput.","doi":"10.1007/s12551-024-01263-w","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3121bb4694fd06f6c3126eaf669ccd7292cbda55","result_position":0,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":256229030,"title":"Mechanosensitive membrane proteins: Usual and unusual suspects in mediating mechanotransduction","venue":"The Journal of General Physiology","year":2023,"authors":["M. Goodman","E. Haswell","V. Vásquez"],"abstract":"This Viewpoint uncovers the phylogenetic, structural, and functional diversity of membrane mechanosensors, recent successes, and the on-going challenges for studying them in reconstituted systems and intact cells, tissues, plants, and animals.","doi":"10.1085/jgp.202213248","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0e255a0284a13d637b19f2795b94461ff472c73f","result_position":1,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":247783164,"title":"Multiscale Mechanobiology in Brain Physiology and Diseases","venue":"Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology","year":2022,"authors":["A. Procès","Marine Luciano","Yohalie Kalukula","L. Ris","S. Gabriele"],"abstract":"Increasing evidence suggests that mechanics play a critical role in regulating brain function at different scales. Downstream integration of mechanical inputs into biochemical signals and genomic pathways causes observable and measurable effects on brain cell fate and can also lead to important pathological consequences. Despite recent advances, the mechanical forces that influence neuronal processes remain largely unexplored, and how endogenous mechanical forces are detected and transduced by brain cells into biochemical and genetic programs have received less attention. In this review, we described the composition of brain tissues and their pronounced microstructural heterogeneity. We discuss the individual role of neuronal and glial cell mechanics in brain homeostasis and diseases. We highlight how changes in the composition and mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix can modulate brain cell functions and describe key mechanisms of the mechanosensing process. We then consider the contribution of mechanobiology in the emergence of brain diseases by providing a critical review on traumatic brain injury, neurodegenerative diseases, and neuroblastoma. We show that a better understanding of the mechanobiology of brain tissues will require to manipulate the physico-chemical parameters of the cell microenvironment, and to develop three-dimensional models that can recapitulate the complexity and spatial diversity of brain tissues in a reproducible and predictable manner. Collectively, these emerging insights shed new light on the importance of mechanobiology and its implication in brain and nerve diseases.","doi":"10.3389/fcell.2022.823857","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/caa0d62ba67475824c8de469f01e32aba2e0e4f7","result_position":2,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":20977908,"title":"Piezos thrive under pressure: mechanically activated ion channels in health and disease","venue":"Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology","year":2017,"authors":["Swetha E. Murthy","A. Dubin","A. Patapoutian"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1038/nrm.2017.92","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bf8eb6c108d8e617ee3624911352c2f8004ddd36","result_position":3,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":263021089,"title":"Using Biosensors to Study Organoids, Spheroids and Organs-on-a-Chip: A Mechanobiology Perspective","venue":"Biosensors","year":2023,"authors":["M. S. Yousafzai","John A. Hammer"],"abstract":"The increasing popularity of 3D cell culture models is being driven by the demand for more in vivo-like conditions with which to study the biochemistry and biomechanics of numerous biological processes in health and disease. Spheroids and organoids are 3D culture platforms that self-assemble and regenerate from stem cells, tissue progenitor cells or cell lines, and that show great potential for studying tissue development and regeneration. Organ-on-a-chip approaches can be used to achieve spatiotemporal control over the biochemical and biomechanical signals that promote tissue growth and differentiation. These 3D model systems can be engineered to serve as disease models and used for drug screens. While culture methods have been developed to support these 3D structures, challenges remain to completely recapitulate the cell–cell and cell–matrix biomechanical interactions occurring in vivo. Understanding how forces influence the functions of cells in these 3D systems will require precise tools to measure such forces, as well as a better understanding of the mechanobiology of cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions. Biosensors will prove powerful for measuring forces in both of these contexts, thereby leading to a better understanding of how mechanical forces influence biological systems at the cellular and tissue levels. Here, we discussed how biosensors and mechanobiological research can be coupled to develop accurate, physiologically relevant 3D tissue models to study tissue development, function, malfunction in disease, and avenues for disease intervention.","doi":"10.3390/bios13100905","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/266daabba8e351b4c39ba8851a77dec83d2ce1d3","result_position":4,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":253024177,"title":"Mechanosensitive Piezo1 and Piezo2 ion channels in craniofacial development and dentistry: Recent advances and prospects","venue":"Frontiers in Physiology","year":2022,"authors":["Yifan Lin","Jianhan Ren","C. Mcgrath"],"abstract":"Mechanical forces play important roles in many biological processes and there is increasing interest and understanding of these roles. Mechanotransduction is the process by which mechanical stimuli are converted to biochemical signals through specific mechanisms, and this results in the activation of downstream signaling pathways with specific effects on cell behaviors. This review systematically summarizes the current understanding of the mechanosensitive Piezo1 and Piezo2 ion channels in craniofacial bone, tooth, and periodontal tissue, presenting the latest relevant evidence with implications for potential treatments and managements of dental and orofacial diseases and deformities. The mechanosensitive ion channels Piezo1 and Piezo2 are widely expressed in various cells and tissues and have essential functions in mechanosensation and mechanotransduction. These channels play an active role in many physiological and pathological processes, such as growth and development, mechano-stimulated bone homeostasis and the mediation of inflammatory responses. Emerging evidence indicates the expression of Piezo1 and Piezo2 in bone, dental tissues and dental tissue-derived stem cells and suggests that they function in dental sensation transduction, dentin mineralization and periodontal bone remodeling and modulate orthodontic tooth movement.","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2022.1039714","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5c406de61b1c3ddef766fe8fb5e1dc91e60083c2","result_position":5,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":233463582,"title":"Mechanosensitive Regulation of Fibrosis","venue":"Cells","year":2021,"authors":["Shuying Yang","Sergey V Plotnikov"],"abstract":"Cells in the human body experience and integrate a wide variety of environmental cues. A growing interest in tissue mechanics in the past four decades has shown that the mechanical properties of tissue drive key biological processes and facilitate disease development. However, tissue stiffness is not only a potent behavioral cue, but also a product of cellular signaling activity. This review explores both roles of tissue stiffness in the context of inflammation and fibrosis, and the important molecular players driving such processes. During inflammation, proinflammatory cytokines upregulate tissue stiffness by increasing hydrostatic pressure, ECM deposition, and ECM remodeling. As the ECM stiffens, cells involved in the immune response employ intricate molecular sensors to probe and alter their mechanical environment, thereby facilitating immune cell recruitment and potentiating the fibrotic phenotype. This powerful feedforward loop raises numerous possibilities for drug development and warrants further investigation into the mechanisms specific to different fibrotic diseases.","doi":"10.3390/cells10050994","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d99ded5dc94546a84c75b92ab2cf8374da07c12c","result_position":6,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":258992047,"title":"Trends in mechanobiology guided tissue engineering and tools to study cell-substrate interactions: a brief review","venue":"Biomaterials Research","year":2023,"authors":["A. Rajendran","D. Sankar","Sivashanmugam Amirthalingam","Hwan D. Kim","Jayakumar Rangasamy","Nathaniel S. Hwang"],"abstract":"Sensing the mechanical properties of the substrates or the matrix by the cells and the tissues, the subsequent downstream responses at the cellular, nuclear and epigenetic levels and the outcomes are beginning to get unraveled more recently. There have been various instances where researchers have established the underlying connection between the cellular mechanosignalling pathways and cellular physiology, cellular differentiation, and also tissue pathology. It has been now accepted that mechanosignalling, alone or in combination with classical pathways, could play a significant role in fate determination, development, and organization of cells and tissues. Furthermore, as mechanobiology is gaining traction, so do the various techniques to ponder and gain insights into the still unraveled pathways. This review would briefly discuss some of the interesting works wherein it has been shown that specific alteration of the mechanical properties of the substrates would lead to fate determination of stem cells into various differentiated cells such as osteoblasts, adipocytes, tenocytes, cardiomyocytes, and neurons, and how these properties are being utilized for the development of organoids. This review would also cover various techniques that have been developed and employed to explore the effects of mechanosignalling, including imaging of mechanosensing proteins, atomic force microscopy (AFM), quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation measurements (QCMD), traction force microscopy (TFM), microdevice arrays, Spatio-temporal image analysis, optical tweezer force measurements, mechanoscanning ion conductance microscopy (mSICM), acoustofluidic interferometric device (AID) and so forth. This review would provide insights to the researchers who work on exploiting various mechanical properties of substrates to control the cellular and tissue functions for tissue engineering and regenerative applications, and also will shed light on the advancements of various techniques that could be utilized to unravel the unknown in the field of cellular mechanobiology. Graphical Abstract","doi":"10.1186/s40824-023-00393-8","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1b2b089b1bbda8bef103e02fab8990219adb3e68","result_position":7,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":251172548,"title":"Importance of the Microenvironment and Mechanosensing in Adipose Tissue Biology","venue":"Cells","year":2022,"authors":["Simon Lecoutre","M. Lambert","Krzysztof Drygalski","I. Dugail","S. Maqdasy","M. Hautefeuille","K. Clément"],"abstract":"The expansion of adipose tissue is an adaptive mechanism that increases nutrient buffering capacity in response to an overall positive energy balance. Over the course of expansion, the adipose microenvironment undergoes continual remodeling to maintain its structural and functional integrity. However, in the long run, adipose tissue remodeling, typically characterized by adipocyte hypertrophy, immune cells infiltration, fibrosis and changes in vascular architecture, generates mechanical stress on adipose cells. This mechanical stimulus is then transduced into a biochemical signal that alters adipose function through mechanotransduction. In this review, we describe the physical changes occurring during adipose tissue remodeling, and how they regulate adipose cell physiology and promote obesity-associated dysfunction in adipose tissue.","doi":"10.3390/cells11152310","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/95c14b418b78f93116e28fdfe8ccae1f0d642794","result_position":8,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":273207547,"title":"Advances in mechanotransduction and sonobiology: effects of audible acoustic waves and low-vibration stimulations on mammalian cells","venue":"Biophysical Reviews","year":2024,"authors":["D. D. Rosario‑Gilabert","·. A. Valenzuela‑Miralles","·. G. Esquiva","Mechanotransduction · Sonobiology","Aaw · Lvs"],"abstract":"In recent decades, research on mechanotransduction has advanced considerably, focusing on the effects of audible acoustic waves (AAWs) and low-vibration stimulation (LVS), which has propelled the field of sonobiology forward. Taken together, the current evidence demonstrates the influence of these biosignals on key cellular processes, such as growth, differentiation and migration in mammalian cells, emphasizing the determining role of specific physical parameters during stimulation, such as frequency, sound pressure level/amplitude and exposure time. These mechanical waves interact with various cellular elements, including ion channels, primary cilia, cell–cell adhesion receptors, cell–matrix and extracellular matrix proteins, and focal adhesion complexes. These components connect with the cytoskeletal fibre network, enabling the transmission of mechanical stimuli towards the nucleus. The nucleus, in turn, linked to the cytoskeleton via the linkers of the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton complex, acts as a mechanosensitive centre, not only responding to changes in cytoskeletal stiffness and nuclear tension but also regulating gene expression through the transcriptional co-activator YAP/TAZ and interactions between chromatin and the nuclear envelope. This intricate chain of mechanisms highlights the potential of sonobiology in various fields, including dentistry, regenerative medicine, tissue engineering and cancer research. However, progress in these fields requires the establishment of standardized measurement methodologies and biocompatible experimental setups to ensure the reproducibility of results.","doi":"10.1007/s12551-024-01242-1","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/93a743258054b04b978e150bdc370360d98c44ae","result_position":9,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":85513433,"title":"Stretch in Focus: 2D Inplane Cell Stretch Systems for Studies of Cardiac Mechano-Signaling","venue":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","year":2019,"authors":["O. Friedrich","Anna-Lena Merten","D. Schneidereit","Yang Guo","Sebastian Schürmann","B. Martinac"],"abstract":"Mechanobiology is a rapidly growing interdisciplinary research field, involving biophysics, molecular and cell biology, biomedical engineering, and medicine. Rapid progress has been possible due to emerging devices and tools engineered for studies of the effect of mechanical forces, such as stretch or shear force, impacting on biological cells and tissues. In response to such mechanical stimuli, cells possess various mechanosensors among which mechanosensitive ion channels are molecular transducers designed to convert mechanical stimuli into electrical and/or biochemical intracellular signals on millisecond time scales. To study their role in cellular signaling pathways, devices have been engineered that enable application of different strain protocols to cells allowing for determination of the stress-strain relationship or other, preferably optical, readouts. Frequently, these devices are mounted on fluorescence microscopes, allowing simultaneous investigation of cellular mechanotransduction processes combined with live-cell imaging. Mechanical stress in organs/tissues can be complex and multiaxial, e.g., in hollow organs, like lung alveoli, bladder, or the heart. Therefore, biomedical engineers have, in recent years, developed devices based on elastomeric membranes for application of biaxial or multiaxial stretch to 2D substrate-adhered or even 3D-embedded cells. Here, we review application of stretch technologies to cellular mechanotransduction with a focus on cardiovascular systems. We also present new results obtained by our IsoStretcher device to examine mechanosensitivity of adult ventricular cardiomyocytes. We show that sudden isotropic stretch of cardiomyocytes can already trigger arrhythmic Ca2+ transients on the single cell level.","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2019.00055","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/647e0abbcdd4809fe9164dcf5c1d8036bfae1f0d","result_position":10,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":8646433,"title":"Selective activation of mechanosensitive ion channels using magnetic particles","venue":"Journal of the Royal Society Interface","year":2007,"authors":["S. Hughes","S. McBain","J. Dobson","A. E. El Haj"],"abstract":"This study reports the preliminary development of a novel magnetic particle-based technique that permits the application of highly localized mechanical forces directly to specific regions of an ion-channel structure. We demonstrate that this approach can be used to directly and selectively activate a mechanosensitive ion channel of interest, namely TREK-1. It is shown that manipulation of particles targeted against the extended extracellular loop region of TREK-1 leads to changes in whole-cell currents consistent with changes in TREK-1 activity. Responses were absent when particles were coated with RGD (Arg–Gly–Asp) peptide or when magnetic fields were applied in the absence of magnetic particles. It is concluded that changes in whole-cell current are the result of direct force application to the extracellular loop region of TREK-1 and thus these results implicate this region of the channel structure in mechano-gating. It is hypothesized that the extended loop region of TREK-1 may act as a tension spring that acts to regulate sensitivity to mechanical forces, in a nature similar to that described for MscL. The development of a technique that permits the direct manipulation of mechanosensitive ion channels in real time without the need for pharmacological drugs has huge potential benefits not only for basic biological research of ion-channel gating mechanisms, but also potentially as a tool for the treatment of human diseases caused by ion-channel dysfunction.","doi":"10.1098/rsif.2007.1274","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/adc4935545dab2df6d81b289a2e3ed3e227df02f","result_position":11,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":255220633,"title":"Immunoregulatory Role of the Mechanosensitive Ion Channel Piezo1 in Inflammation and Cancer","venue":"Molecules","year":2022,"authors":["Yuexin Wang","Zhiyuan Zhang","Qiuli Yang","Yejin Cao","Yingjie Dong","Y. Bi","Guangwei Liu"],"abstract":"Piezo1 was originally identified as a mechanically activated, nonselective cation ion channel, with significant permeability to calcium ions, is evolutionally conserved, and is involved in the proliferation and development of various types of cells, in the context of various types of mechanical or innate stimuli. Recently, our study and work by others have reported that Piezo1 from all kinds of immune cells is involved in regulating many diseases, including infectious inflammation and cancer. This review summarizes the recent progress made in understanding the immunoregulatory role and mechanisms of the mechanical receptor Piezo1 in inflammation and cancer and provides new insight into the biological significance of Piezo1 in regulating immunity and tumors.","doi":"10.3390/molecules28010213","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7dd29c5c78d75262c48d04c36b9f053eab4af151","result_position":12,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":269557721,"title":"Morphomechanics: An Extended View","venue":"Qeios","year":2024,"authors":["Marta Linde"],"abstract":"Morphomechanics is based on the idea that living matter can mechanically self-organize into forms without the need for a pre-pattern, as recently supported by the physics of active matter. Here an extended view is proposed that integrates bioelectricity and differentiation waves as the mechanisms by which cells measure mechanical stress and couple morphogenesis and cell differentiation, respectively. Morphomechanics is a largely unexplored approach, which however could deeply transform our way of seeing nature.\n","doi":"10.32388/gitinn.2","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6eea4a86a95dc8bf649869043e2e774d220b073b","result_position":13,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":244425194,"title":"A survey of physical methods for studying nuclear mechanics and mechanobiology","venue":"APL Bioengineering","year":2021,"authors":["C. Hobson","M. Falvo","R. Superfine"],"abstract":"It is increasingly appreciated that the cell nucleus is not only a home for DNA but also a complex material that resists physical deformations and dynamically responds to external mechanical cues. The molecules that confer mechanical properties to nuclei certainly contribute to laminopathies and possibly contribute to cellular mechanotransduction and physical processes in cancer such as metastasis. Studying nuclear mechanics and the downstream biochemical consequences or their modulation requires a suite of complex assays for applying, measuring, and visualizing mechanical forces across diverse length, time, and force scales. Here, we review the current methods in nuclear mechanics and mechanobiology, placing specific emphasis on each of their unique advantages and limitations. Furthermore, we explore important considerations in selecting a new methodology as are demonstrated by recent examples from the literature. We conclude by providing an outlook on the development of new methods and the judicious use of the current techniques for continued exploration into the role of nuclear mechanobiology.","doi":"10.1063/5.0068126","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bb6d01ec39c318d25d62611798ad821b46a6b498","result_position":14,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":268601276,"title":"Integrative Approaches for Advancing Organoid Engineering: From Mechanobiology to Personalized Therapeutics","venue":"Journal of Applied Artificial Intelligence","year":2024,"authors":["Zarif Bin Akhtar","A. Gupta"],"abstract":"This research manuscript aims to explore the integration of cutting-edge technologies in the field of organoid engineering for applications in personalized precision medicine. The research investigative exploration will delve into the multifaceted aspects of organoid research, incorporating mechanobiological modulation, ultrasound stimulation, and acoustofluidics to enhance the engineering of organoids. The focus will extend to the development of organoids-on-a-chip platforms with integrated biosensors, providing real-time monitoring capabilities for improved disease modeling and drug testing. Additionally, the manuscript will address the challenges and opportunities associated with large-scale manufacturing of organoids, emphasizing the scalability of regenerative medicine approaches. The proposed research will contribute to the advancement of 3D tissue models, micro physiological systems, and multi-organoid systems, offering a very comprehensive perspective on the potential of these systematic technologies in reshaping the landscape of personalized medicine.","doi":"10.48185/jaai.v5i1.974","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f43f430739ed7b211fe46ee4313165ca8ae84d8b","result_position":15,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":254688350,"title":"Integrating mechanical sensor readouts into organ-on-a-chip platforms","venue":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","year":2022,"authors":["I. Morales","Christina-Marie Boghdady","Benjamin E. Campbell","C. Moraes"],"abstract":"Organs-on-a-chip have emerged as next-generation tissue engineered models to accurately capture realistic human tissue behaviour, thereby addressing many of the challenges associated with using animal models in research. Mechanical features of the culture environment have emerged as being critically important in designing organs-on-a-chip, as they play important roles in both stimulating realistic tissue formation and function, as well as capturing integrative elements of homeostasis, tissue function, and tissue degeneration in response to external insult and injury. Despite the demonstrated impact of incorporating mechanical cues in these models, strategies to measure these mechanical tissue features in microfluidically-compatible formats directly on-chip are relatively limited. In this review, we first describe general microfluidically-compatible Organs-on-a-chip sensing strategies, and categorize these advances based on the specific advantages of incorporating them on-chip. We then consider foundational and recent advances in mechanical analysis techniques spanning cellular to tissue length scales; and discuss their integration into Organs-on-a-chips for more effective drug screening, disease modeling, and characterization of biological dynamics.","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2022.1060895","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/663e1023de1bd64c4b3246a5b56bafedade82910","result_position":16,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":254129584,"title":"Editorial: Forces in biology - Cell and developmental mechanobiology and its implications in disease - Volume II","venue":"Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology","year":2022,"authors":["Selwin K. Wu","Guillermo A. Gomez","Samantha J. Stehbens","Bipul R. Acharya","A. Ratheesh","R. Priya","A. Lagendijk","A. Bershadsky"],"abstract":"Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia, Cell and Developmental Biology Division, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel","doi":"10.3389/fcell.2022.1082857","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/303ade09ed8fece3bf9fb3b45681145571550974","result_position":17,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":49208480,"title":"Shear elegance: A novel screen uncovers a mechanosensitive GPCR","venue":"The Journal of General Physiology","year":2018,"authors":["R. Lam","A. Chesler"],"abstract":"Lam and Chesler highlight the recent discovery of a G protein–coupled receptor involved in detecting mechanical shear stress.","doi":"10.1085/jgp.201812101","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/192d03009054f0faaa8d7880e33dd10cb5d09bf0","result_position":18,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":256423284,"title":"Cell Nanomechanics Based on Dielectric Elastomer Actuator Device","venue":"Nano-Micro Letters","year":2019,"authors":["Zhichao Li","Chao Gao","Sisi Fan","J. Zou","G. Gu","Mengming Michael Dong","Jie Song"],"abstract":"The main components, principle, and technology of dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) were reviewed to illustrate that DEA can be an effective carrier for mechanobiology research. Comparison between DEA-based bioreactors and current commercial devices is provided, as well as the outlook of the DEA bio-applications in the future. The main components, principle, and technology of dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) were reviewed to illustrate that DEA can be an effective carrier for mechanobiology research. Comparison between DEA-based bioreactors and current commercial devices is provided, as well as the outlook of the DEA bio-applications in the future. As a frontier of biology, mechanobiology plays an important role in tissue and biomedical engineering. It is a common sense that mechanical cues under extracellular microenvironment affect a lot in regulating the behaviors of cells such as proliferation and gene expression, etc. In such an interdisciplinary field, engineering methods like the pneumatic and motor-driven devices have been employed for years. Nevertheless, such techniques usually rely on complex structures, which cost much but not so easy to control. Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) are well known as a kind of soft actuation technology, and their research prospect in biomechanical field is gradually concerned due to their properties just like large deformation (> 100%) and fast response (< 1 ms). In addition, DEAs are usually optically transparent and can be fabricated into small volume, which make them easy to cooperate with regular microscope to realize real-time dynamic imaging of cells. This paper first reviews the basic components, principle, and evaluation of DEAs and then overview some corresponding applications of DEAs for cellular mechanobiology research. We also provide a comparison between DEA-based bioreactors and current custom-built devices and share some opinions about their potential applications in the future according to widely reported results via other methods.","doi":"10.1007/s40820-019-0331-8","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2ac9f501027a22d8dcb89d284015cc9b8882ccc5","result_position":19,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":207962529,"title":"Insight into Mechanobiology: How Stem Cells Feel Mechanical Forces and Orchestrate Biological Functions","venue":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","year":2019,"authors":["Chiara Argentati","F. Morena","Ilaria Tortorella","M. Bazzucchi","S. Porcellati","C. Emiliani","S. Martino"],"abstract":"The cross-talk between stem cells and their microenvironment has been shown to have a direct impact on stem cells’ decisions about proliferation, growth, migration, and differentiation. It is well known that stem cells, tissues, organs, and whole organisms change their internal architecture and composition in response to external physical stimuli, thanks to cells’ ability to sense mechanical signals and elicit selected biological functions. Likewise, stem cells play an active role in governing the composition and the architecture of their microenvironment. Is now being documented that, thanks to this dynamic relationship, stemness identity and stem cell functions are maintained. In this work, we review the current knowledge in mechanobiology on stem cells. We start with the description of theoretical basis of mechanobiology, continue with the effects of mechanical cues on stem cells, development, pathology, and regenerative medicine, and emphasize the contribution in the field of the development of ex-vivo mechanobiology modelling and computational tools, which allow for evaluating the role of forces on stem cell biology.","doi":"10.3390/ijms20215337","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f85ab79da5ab41b0e35716d05bf8a787c371d91f","result_position":20,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":196610970,"title":"Innovative Tools for Mechanobiology: Unraveling Outside-In and Inside-Out Mechanotransduction","venue":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","year":2019,"authors":["Danahe Mohammed","Marie Versaevel","Céline Bruyère","L. Alaimo","Marine Luciano","Eléonore Vercruysse","A. Procès","S. Gabriele"],"abstract":"Cells and tissues can sense and react to the modifications of the physico-chemical properties of the extracellular environment (ECM) through integrin-based adhesion sites and adapt their physiological response in a process called mechanotransduction. Due to their critical localization at the cell-ECM interface, transmembrane integrins are mediators of bidirectional signaling, playing a key role in “outside-in” and “inside-out” signal transduction. After presenting the basic conceptual fundamentals related to cell mechanobiology, we review the current state-of-the-art technologies that facilitate the understanding of mechanotransduction signaling pathways. Finally, we highlight innovative technological developments that can help to advance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying nuclear mechanotransduction.","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2019.00162","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/278315ead49e4e38dfe34128bd19e3145f85108c","result_position":21,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":206290858,"title":"Receptor-mediated cell mechanosensing","venue":"Molecular Biology of the Cell","year":2017,"authors":["Yunfeng Chen","L. Ju","M. Rushdi","Chenghao Ge","Cheng Zhu"],"abstract":"Mechanosensing depicts the ability of a cell to sense mechanical cues, which under some circumstances is mediated by the surface receptors. In this review, a four-step model is described for receptor-mediated mechanosensing. Platelet GPIb, T-cell receptor, and integrins are used as examples to illustrate the key concepts and players in this process.","doi":"10.1091/mbc.E17-04-0228","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9e5cb47e749a05091371590fdb88af86a50d22f3","result_position":22,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":257098815,"title":"From tensegrity to human organs-on-chips: implications for mechanobiology and mechanotherapeutics","venue":"Biochemical Journal","year":2023,"authors":["D. Ingber"],"abstract":"The field of mechanobiology, which focuses on the key role that physical forces play in control of biological systems, has grown enormously over the past few decades. Here, I provide a brief personal perspective on the development of the tensegrity theory that contributed to the emergence of the mechanobiology field, the key role that crossing disciplines has played in its development, and how it has matured over time. I also describe how pursuing questions relating to mechanochemical transduction and mechanoregulation can lead to the creation of novel technologies and open paths for development of new therapeutic strategies for a broad range of diseases and disorders.","doi":"10.1042/BCJ20220303","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/23d7043d9890829ae55d98246ecce48b66614e88","result_position":23,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":18101043,"title":"A hitchhiker's guide to mechanobiology.","venue":"Developmental Cell","year":2011,"authors":["J. Eyckmans","T. Boudou","Xiang Yu","Christopher S. Chen"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.devcel.2011.06.015","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/44fb788ee58ed0ab922e98843b8db4641f20e571","result_position":24,"is_clicked":true},{"corpus_id":252770948,"title":"Biochemical Pathways of Cellular Mechanosensing/Mechanotransduction and Their Role in Neurodegenerative Diseases Pathogenesis","venue":"Cells","year":2022,"authors":["Ilaria Tortorella","Chiara Argentati","C. Emiliani","F. Morena","S. Martino"],"abstract":"In this review, we shed light on recent advances regarding the characterization of biochemical pathways of cellular mechanosensing and mechanotransduction with particular attention to their role in neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis. While the mechanistic components of these pathways are mostly uncovered today, the crosstalk between mechanical forces and soluble intracellular signaling is still not fully elucidated. Here, we recapitulate the general concepts of mechanobiology and the mechanisms that govern the mechanosensing and mechanotransduction processes, and we examine the crosstalk between mechanical stimuli and intracellular biochemical response, highlighting their effect on cellular organelles’ homeostasis and dysfunction. In particular, we discuss the current knowledge about the translation of mechanosignaling into biochemical signaling, focusing on those diseases that encompass metabolic accumulation of mutant proteins and have as primary characteristics the formation of pathological intracellular aggregates, such as Alzheimer’s Disease, Huntington’s Disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Parkinson’s Disease. Overall, recent findings elucidate how mechanosensing and mechanotransduction pathways may be crucial to understand the pathogenic mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative diseases and emphasize the importance of these pathways for identifying potential therapeutic targets.","doi":"10.3390/cells11193093","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cb2b1cd90cb104fb26af99138a202f055a14b243","result_position":25,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":265439919,"title":"Harnessing mechanobiology for kidney organoid research","venue":"Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology","year":2023,"authors":["Zarina Nauryzgaliyeva","Iphigénie Goux Corredera","E. Garreta","Núria Montserrat"],"abstract":"Recently, organoids have emerged as revolutionizing tools with the unprecedented potential to recreate organ-specific microanatomy in vitro. Upon their derivation from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), organoids reveal the blueprints of human organogenesis, further allowing the faithful recapitulation of their physiology. Nevertheless, along with the evolution of this field, advanced research exposed the organoids’ shortcomings, particularly regarding poor reproducibility rates and overall immatureness. To resolve these challenges, many studies have started to underscore the relevance of mechanical cues as a relevant source to induce and externally control hPSCs differentiation. Indeed, established organoid generation protocols from hPSCs have mainly relyed on the biochemical induction of fundamental signalling pathways present during kidney formation in mammals, whereas mechanical cues have largely been unexplored. This review aims to discuss the pertinence of (bio) physical cues within hPSCs-derived organoid cultures, while deciphering their effect on morphogenesis. Moreover, we will explore state-of-the-art mechanobiology techniques as revolutionizing means for understanding the underlying role of mechanical forces in biological processes in organoid model systems.","doi":"10.3389/fcell.2023.1273923","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c1b67613037ac7e042cee6c64c3d1b7825293b13","result_position":26,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":259150249,"title":"Editorial: Mechanobiology at multiple scales","venue":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","year":2023,"authors":["Yuhui Li","Guang-Kui Xu"],"abstract":"The significance of mechanical forces across multiple scales in biological systems cannot be understated. Understanding the impact of these forces on biological systems is essential for unraveling the complex interplay between mechanical stimuli and cellular responses. In addition, exploring the effects of mechanical forces at various scales provides valuable insights into either physiological or pathological conditions. Here, the aim of this Research Topic is dedicated to two points: 1) Highlighting the significance of mechanical forces across different scales of biological components. 2) Emphasizing the importance of recognizing the impact of mechanical forces not only in physiological conditions but also in pathological contexts, offering potential avenues for diagnostic and clinical advancements. At the nanoscale, the interaction between receptors and ligands is influenced by mechanical forces, dictating cellular signaling and behavior. One typical example is the cell-cell communication process, representing a quintessential example of a phenomenon encompassing multiple receptors and ligands at the nanoscale that are anchored to adjacent membranes. These processes are mediated by the specific binding of receptors and ligands that are anchored to adjacent membranes. Li’s laboratory has made noteworthy progress in studying mechanotransduction in this domain, focusing on three aspects: 1) proteinmembrane interactions, 2) single-molecule forces, and 3) bioelectrical microenvironments (An et al.). They reviewed recent progressive achievements in the field and concluded that the binding kinetics of proteins constitute a crucial parameter that guides intercellular and cell-cell communication. Furthermore, the influence of multi-scale coupling effects on binding affinity is expected to emerge as an important area of research in the future. At the microscale level, mechanical forces play a critical role in cell mechanics and motility. For example, Yang’s laboratory has introduced an innovative experimental technique complemented by a corresponding computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model intended to investigate cell mechanics under dynamic loading conditions (Xu et al.). By applying Water-Hammer theories, they successfully evaluate and simulate the exerted stress on individual cells. This pioneering approach harmoniously merges microfluidic chips with a projectile pump, yielding insightful outcomes. This microfluidic-based methodology establishes a novel instrument for probing the dynamic mechanical properties of cells, presenting a fresh perspective for further exploration in this field. In another case, Zhou’s laboratory has presented a noteworthy investigation detailing OPEN ACCESS","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2023.1226198","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5c8e73f31a456a753af9808410ab2e26ab0334cc","result_position":27,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":248542312,"title":"Interdisciplinarity and mechanobiology","venue":"iScience","year":2022,"authors":["D. Ingber","D. Di Carlo"],"abstract":"Cells in living tissues and organs continually sense and respond to both external mechanical stimuli and internal forces generated by other cells inside our bodies, and this phenomenon has become increasingly recognized as a key driver of physiological, developmental, and disease processes. Pursuit of the mecha-nisms that underlie these processes led to the emergence of the field of mechanobiology, which is an extremely interdisciplinary field of research at the interface between biology, physics, material science, and bioengineering. Researchers have been focusing on elucidating how cells sense and transduce mechanical forces, how changes in the mechanical properties of cells influence their behaviors, and how physical forces influence normal and diseased tissue development and function. Mechanobiology principles have been also applied to biomedical issues, and novel tools developed to explore these physical phenom-ena have helped to pave the way for the development of point-of-care diagnostics and the discovery of new mechanoresponsive therapies. In the iScience and Mechanobiology,\" we highlight the latest advances in engineered microsystems employed to address major questions in mechanobiology and mechanomedicine.","doi":"10.1016/j.isci.2022.104187","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3bbc21f5da95764164d82da0bae23755f0fe3924","result_position":28,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":273347913,"title":"Force versus Response: Methods for Activating and Characterizing Mechanosensitive Ion Channels and GPCRs","venue":"Advanced Healthcare Materials","year":2024,"authors":["Renate M A Roeterink","Xevi Casadevall I Solvas","D. Collins","Daniel J Scott"],"abstract":"Mechanotransduction is the process whereby cells convert mechanical signals into electrochemical responses, where mechanosensitive proteins mediate this interaction. To characterize these critical proteins, numerous techniques have been developed that apply forces and measure the subsequent cellular responses. While these approaches have given insight into specific aspects of many such proteins, subsequent validation and cross‐comparison between techniques remain difficult given significant variations in reported activation thresholds and responses for the same protein across different studies. Accurately determining mechanosensitivity responses for various proteins, however, is essential for understanding mechanotransduction and potential physiological implications, including therapeutics. This critical review provides an assessment of current and emerging approaches used for mechanosensitive ion channel and G‐Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) stimulation and measurement, with a specific focus on the ability to quantitatively measure mechanosensitive responses.","doi":"10.1002/adhm.202402167","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/edd15b19e630ce3ef9b37b930f90464321f43245","result_position":29,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":231625551,"title":"Mechanobiology in cardiology: Micro‐ and nanotechnologies to probe mechanosignaling","venue":"","year":2021,"authors":["Sharda Yadav","H. Ta","Nam-Trung Nguyen"],"abstract":"The past few decades have shown significant growth in the study of mechanical effects on cellular properties. Novel methods and techniques had been developed to analyze the changes in the biophysical and biomechanical properties of cells. Recently, it has been reported that interaction between the external environment and cardiomyocytes would be essential for the function of the heart due to the importance of mechanical signaling. Physical forces play a major role in the development of cardiovascular disease. In this mini review, we discuss recent advances in technology for probing mechanobiology signals from the cardiac tissue and focus on the unmet needs and challenges to completely understand the mechanobiology of cardiac tissues.","doi":"10.1002/VIW.20200080","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ca6ba9f23b2971adc6d08aa7e2f00a9a45e7c2d6","result_position":30,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":256443917,"title":"Mechanosensitive Ion Channels and Their Role in Cancer Cells","venue":"Membranes","year":2023,"authors":["Julia Karska","Szymon Kowalski","J. Saczko","M. Moisescu","J. Kulbacka"],"abstract":"Mechanical forces are an inherent element in the world around us. The effects of their action can be observed both on the macro and molecular levels. They can also play a prominent role in the tissues and cells of animals due to the presence of mechanosensitive ion channels (MIChs) such as the Piezo and TRP families. They are essential in many physiological processes in the human body. However, their role in pathology has also been observed. Recent discoveries have highlighted the relationship between these channels and the development of malignant tumors. Multiple studies have shown that MIChs mediate the proliferation, migration, and invasion of various cancer cells via various mechanisms. This could show MIChs as new potential biomarkers in cancer detection and prognosis and interesting therapeutic targets in modern oncology. Our paper is a review of the latest literature on the role of the Piezo1 and TRP families in the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis in different types of cancer.","doi":"10.3390/membranes13020167","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ad87d7c87415d497d9ac917d226eb88511a48e8c","result_position":31,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":234745256,"title":"Mechanosensitive ion channels in cell migration","venue":"Cells and Development","year":2021,"authors":["Brenda Canales Coutiño","R. Mayor"],"abstract":"Cellular processes are initiated and regulated by different stimuli, including mechanical forces. Cell membrane mechanosensors represent the first step towards the conversion of mechanical stimuli to a biochemical or electrical response. Mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels form a growing family of ion gating channels that respond to direct physical force or plasma membrane deformations. A number of calcium (Ca2+) permeable MS channels are known to regulate the initiation, direction, and persistence of cell migration during development and tumour progression. While the evidence that links individual MS ion channels to cell migration is growing, a unified analysis of the molecular mechanisms regulated downstream of MS ion channel activation is lacking. In this review, we describe the MS ion channel families known to regulate cell migration. We discuss the molecular mechanisms that act downstream of MS ion channels with an emphasis on Ca2+ mediated processes. Finally, we propose the future directions and impact of MS ion channel activity in the field of cell migration.","doi":"10.1016/j.cdev.2021.203683","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9670f91bf382d28f38ae48147883c9dd7fa1f0a9","result_position":32,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":208842609,"title":"Mechanobiology Journal—Welcome Editorial","venue":"","year":2020,"authors":["C. Simon","Rawlinson"],"abstract":"It is with the greatest pleasure that I have the opportunity to write the first editorial of the Mechanobiology Journal. It is hoped that the successful establishment of a journal dedicated to the field of mechanobiology, along with allied areas, will impact on the studies of researchers from other fields in which mechanobiology has not been considered as a regulator of biology in their particular theme. Many cells and tissues are subjected to mechanical forces which will exact a biological response; these can determine cellular behaviour, but will also modulate the response to chemical signalling. Indeed, the reverse can also be true, that is chemical signals influencing the degree of the mechanical response. Dysregulation of either could lead to a disease status. Mechanobiology refers to the study of how cells, which are subjected to exogenous or endogenous forces in their local environment, transduce these forces into a biological response. Such responses are dependent on a functioning dynamic intracellular 3D cytoskeletal complex and interaction with cell membrane. Implicit with this is a property to sense a changing environment. The primary cilium, a projection originating from a cell, can act as a mechano-sensory organelle. Cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions have a major impact on how cells respond in any given scenario. Mechanical deformation of the cell membrane can activate mechanosensitive channels, and is dependent of the surface on which a cell resides. Can manufactured substrates help to induce a beneficial response? Can we reproduce a mechanobiology-generated response chemically? Thus, with the combination of mechanobiology studies and material sciences, coordinated methodologies can be developed to prevent or combat disease and offer potential clues for regenerative medicine. Such a dedicated journal will offer space to promote, explore, and exploit the potential of mechanobiology in generating therapeutic outcomes. These will be disseminated to a wider audience, following scrutiny and review from members of the scientific community appreciative of the nuances of the mechanical environment. The journal will provide a platform for researchers to report findings on biological systems subject to mechanical stimuli, and the integration of chemical, material cues for the greater understanding of human and animal physiology, microbiology, and agriculture, and arboriculture. The journal will not shy from, but will not court, controversy; it will act as a forum for new ideas and will encourage debate. By this mechanism, providing proof to support or refute an argument, qualified progress can be made. The Mechanobiology Journal invites manuscripts from all fields of biology, and indeed materials science, with the condition that the central focus is on biological regulation of cells, tissues, and microbes at the mechanical level. The remit is broad and will also welcome articles covering the development of novel experimental devices to examine cellular behaviour and in silico reports. Original manuscripts are expected to provide a clear contribution to advances in in silico, in vitro, and in vivo research of mechanobiology. Reviews are encouraged in all areas of mechanobiology and may focus on any topic presented within the scope of the journal. Reviews would be expected to be a comprehensive exposition of the literature, with a critical appraisal of recent work, and insight into future studies, outcomes or concerns. The Editorial Board will endeavour to assist the promotion of mechanobiology-based discoveries and their integration with animal and plant tissue engineering, therapies, and regenerative medicine. We particularly encourage the submission of articles which have the potential to challenge our understanding of cellular behaviour when mechanobiology is at the forefront of the study.","doi":"10.32371/mbj/236079","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/819f032b8c8a1e2749cec0192f7e7788f99f0ff8","result_position":33,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":3753583,"title":"Key developments that impacted the field of mechanobiology and mechanotransduction","venue":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research","year":2017,"authors":["M. Wall","D. Butler","A. E. El Haj","J. Bodle","E. Loboa","A. Banes"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1002/jor.23707","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e72c3993c2808077d35fb8e4cdb0ab7241edbedb","result_position":34,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":252859575,"title":"Mechanosensitive Ion Channel PIEZO1 Signaling in the Hall-Marks of Cancer: Structure and Functions","venue":"Cancers","year":2022,"authors":["Fuqiang Zhao","Lei Zhang","M. Wei","Wei Duan","Shourong Wu","Vivi Kasim"],"abstract":"Simple Summary Tumor cells obtain various unique characteristics, which known as hallmarks of cancers, including sustained proliferative signaling, apoptosis resistance, and metastasis. These characteristics are crucial for tumor cells survival and for supporting their rapid growth. Studies have revealed that tumorigenesis is also accompanied by alteration in mechanical properties. Tumor cells could sense various mechanical forces, such as compressive force, shear stress, and portal vein pressure, which in turn could affect tumor progression. Piezo1 is a mechanically sensitive ion channel protein that can be activated mechanically, and is closely related to various diseases. Recent studies showed that Piezo1 is overexpressed in numerous tumors and is associated with poor prognosis. Furthermore, previous studies revealed that Piezo1 mediates these cancer hallmarks, and thus links up mechanical forces with tumor progression. Therefore, the discovery of Piezo1 provides a new insight for elucidating the mechanism of tumor progression under a mechanical microenvironment. Abstract Tumor cells alter their characteristics and behaviors during tumorigenesis. These characteristics, known as hallmarks of cancer, are crucial for supporting their rapid growth, need for energy, and adaptation to tumor microenvironment. Tumorigenesis is also accompanied by alteration in mechanical properties. Cells in tumor tissue sense mechanical signals from the tumor microenvironment, which consequently drive the acquisition of hallmarks of cancer, including sustained proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, apoptosis resistance, sustained angiogenesis, metastasis, and immune evasion. Piezo-type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1 (Piezo1) is a mechanically sensitive ion channel protein that can be activated mechanically and is closely related to various diseases. Recent studies showed that Piezo1 mediates tumor development through multiple mechanisms, and its overexpression is associated with poor prognosis. Therefore, the discovery of Piezo1, which links-up physical factors with biological properties, provides a new insight for elucidating the mechanism of tumor progression under a mechanical microenvironment, and suggests its potential application as a tumor marker and therapeutic target. In this review, we summarize current knowledge regarding the role of Piezo1 in regulating cancer hallmarks and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of Piezo1 as an antitumor therapeutic target and the limitations that need to be overcome.","doi":"10.3390/cancers14194955","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bf9a9a38976f8769853a6fc0d4a81909ebba0848","result_position":35,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":237328037,"title":"How Mechanical Forces Change the Human Endometrium during the Menstrual Cycle in Preparation for Embryo Implantation","venue":"Cells","year":2021,"authors":["Anna K Sternberg","Volker U. Buck","I. Classen-Linke","R. Leube"],"abstract":"The human endometrium is characterized by exceptional plasticity, as evidenced by rapid growth and differentiation during the menstrual cycle and fast tissue remodeling during early pregnancy. Past work has rarely addressed the role of cellular mechanics in these processes. It is becoming increasingly clear that sensing and responding to mechanical forces are as significant for cell behavior as biochemical signaling. Here, we provide an overview of experimental evidence and concepts that illustrate how mechanical forces influence endometrial cell behavior during the hormone-driven menstrual cycle and prepare the endometrium for embryo implantation. Given the fundamental species differences during implantation, we restrict the review to the human situation. Novel technologies and devices such as 3D multifrequency magnetic resonance elastography, atomic force microscopy, organ-on-a-chip microfluidic systems, stem-cell-derived organoid formation, and complex 3D co-culture systems have propelled the understanding how endometrial receptivity and blastocyst implantation are regulated in the human uterus. Accumulating evidence has shown that junctional adhesion, cytoskeletal rearrangement, and extracellular matrix stiffness affect the local force balance that regulates endometrial differentiation and blastocyst invasion. A focus of this review is on the hormonal regulation of endometrial epithelial cell mechanics. We discuss potential implications for embryo implantation.","doi":"10.3390/cells10082008","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b0434d5ce9ff983f820cd01cc7391d66307ad4be","result_position":36,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":21267494,"title":"Cellular mechanotransduction: putting all the pieces together again","venue":"The FASEB Journal","year":2006,"authors":["D. Ingber"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1096/fj.05-5424rev","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/26c95b7b23d91b80fcbc4a18347d802301ef5a98","result_position":37,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":256484783,"title":"Mechanosensitive ion channels in apoptosis and ferroptosis: focusing on the role of Piezo1","venue":"BMB Reports","year":2023,"authors":["Yong‐Jae Kim","Jeongeun Hyun"],"abstract":"Mechanosensitive ion channels sense mechanical stimuli applied directly to the cellular membranes or indirectly through their tethered components, provoking cellular mechanoresponses. Among others, Piezo1 mechanosensitive ion channel is a relatively novel Ca2+-permeable channel that is primarily present in non-sensory tissues. Recent studies have demonstrated that Piezo1 plays an important role in Ca2+-dependent cell death, including apoptosis and ferroptosis, in the presence of mechanical stimuli. It has also been proven that cancer cells are sensitive to mechanical stresses due to higher expression levels of Piezo1 compared to normal cells. In this review, we discuss Piezo1-mediated cell death mechanisms and therapeutic strategies to inhibit or induce cell death by modulating the activity of Piezo1 with pharmacological drugs or mechanical perturbations induced by stretch and ultrasound.","doi":"10.5483/BMBRep.2023-0002","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d237c79e43a27933d52adf0494f07586f7c9919d","result_position":38,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":271147711,"title":"Mechanobiology in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Obesity","venue":"Current Issues in Molecular Biology","year":2024,"authors":["Emily L. Rudolph","LiKang Chin"],"abstract":"With the ongoing obesity epidemic, the prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is expected to rise and necessitates a greater understanding of how the disease proceeds from benign excess lipid in hepatocytes to liver fibrosis and eventually to liver cancer. MASLD is caused, at least in part, by hepatocytes’ storage of free fatty acids (FAs) that dysfunctional adipocytes are no longer able to store, and therefore, MASLD is a disease that involves both the liver and adipose tissues. The disease progression is not only facilitated by biochemical signals, but also by mechanical cues such as the increase in stiffness often seen with fibrotic fatty livers. The change in stiffness and accumulation of excess lipid droplets impact the ability of a cell to mechanosense and mechanotranduce, which perpetuates the disease. A mechanosensitive protein that is largely unexplored and could serve as a potential therapeutic target is the intermediate filament vimentin. In this review, we briefly summarize the recent research on hepatocyte and adipocyte mechanobiology and provide a synopsis of studies on the varied, and sometimes contradictory, roles of vimentin. This review is intended to benefit and encourage future studies on hepatocyte and adipocyte mechanobiology in the context of MASLD and obesity.","doi":"10.3390/cimb46070425","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e65ec15f1a970cd1e51e675ee2d59b58b97056c3","result_position":39,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":91256836,"title":"Deformation Microscopy for Dynamic Intracellular and Intranuclear Mapping of Mechanics with High Spatiotemporal Resolution","venue":"bioRxiv","year":2018,"authors":["Soham Ghosh","B. Seelbinder","Jonathan T. Henderson","Ryan D. Watts","A. Veress","C. Neu"],"abstract":"Structural heterogeneity is a hallmark of living cells and nuclei that drives local mechanical properties and dynamic cellular responses, including adhesion, gene expression, and differentiation. However, robust quantification of intracellular or intranuclear mechanics are lacking from conventional methods. Here, we describe new development of deformation microscopy that leverages conventional imaging and an automated hyperelastic warping algorithm to investigate strain history, deformation dynamics, and changes in structural heterogeneity within the interior of cells and nuclei. Using deformation microscopy, we found that tensile loading modes dominated intranuclear architectural dynamics in cardiomyocytes in vitro or myocytes in vivo, which was compromised by disruption of LINC complex molecule nesprin-3 or Lamin A/C, respectively. We also found that cells cultured on stiff substrates or in hyperosmotic conditions displayed abnormal strain burden and asymmetries compared to controls at interchromatin regions where active translation was expected. Deformation microscopy represents a foundational approach toward intracellular elastography, with potential utility to provide new mechanistic and quantitative insights in diverse mechanobiological applications.","doi":"10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.009","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f6ea7a6c8d34c07eeba149a43e960d6251851476","result_position":40,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":258428212,"title":"Appetizer on soft matter physics concepts in mechanobiology","venue":"Development, Growth and Differentiation","year":2023,"authors":["Yuting Lou"],"abstract":"Mechanosensing, the active responses of cells to the mechanics on multiple scales, plays an indispensable role in regulating cell behaviors and determining the fate of biological entities such as tissues and organs. Here, I aim to give a pedagogical illustration of the fundamental concepts of soft matter physics that aid in understanding biomechanical phenomena from the scale of tissues to proteins. Examples of up‐to‐date research are introduced to elaborate these concepts. Challenges in applying physics models to biology have also been discussed for biologists and physicists to meet in the field of mechanobiology.","doi":"10.1111/dgd.12853","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/499fae15249232d9a75980e7e05696b873e46784","result_position":41,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":220697122,"title":"Editorial introduction","venue":"Molecular Biology of the Cell","year":2020,"authors":["A. Yap"],"abstract":"Welcome to this Fourth Special Issue of Molecular Biology of the Cell on Forces on and within Cells. As with our other Special Issues, the journal’s goal here is to focus attention on a major new direction in cell biology. In this case, it is the field of mechanobiology, which endeavours, broadly, to understand how mechanical forces are harnessed to drive cellular function and how force can also be a mode of biological information that regulates cell behavior. The collection of papers that we have in this issue reflects many current efforts to address these questions. While each of these papers is a distinct creative effort of its authors, I would like to draw your attention to a number of themes that emerge across these diverse studies.","doi":"10.1091/mbc.E20-06-0414","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ae8bbacb8c9455c04ee73868896731431908208a","result_position":42,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":247363839,"title":"Focusing on Mechanoregulation Axis in Fibrosis: Sensing, Transduction and Effecting","venue":"Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences","year":2022,"authors":["Dongsheng Wen","Ya Gao","Chiakang Ho","Li Yu","Yuguang Zhang","G. Lyu","D. Hu","Qingfeng Li","Yifan Zhang"],"abstract":"Fibrosis, a pathologic process featured by the excessive deposition of connective tissue components, can affect virtually every organ and has no satisfactory therapy yet. Fibrotic diseases are often associated with organ dysfunction which leads to high morbidity and mortality. Biomechanical stmuli and the corresponding cellular response havebeen identified in fibrogenesis, as the fibrotic remodeling could be seen as the incapacity to reestablish mechanical homeostasis: along with extracellular matrix accumulating, the physical property became more “stiff” and could in turn induce fibrosis. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of mechanoregulation in fibrosis, from initialing cellular mechanosensing to intracellular mechanotransduction and processing, and ends up in mechanoeffecting. Our contents are not limited to the cellular mechanism, but further expand to the disorders involved and current clinical trials, providing an insight into the disease and hopefully inspiring new approaches for the treatment of tissue fibrosis.","doi":"10.3389/fmolb.2022.804680","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bca18f7ed919191221ff2b77e6b649bb74c03d11","result_position":43,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":277198290,"title":"Near-Infrared Light-Controlled Dynamic Hydrogel for Modulating Mechanosensitive Ion Channels in 3-Dimensional Environment","venue":"Biomaterials Research","year":2025,"authors":["Xiaoning Liu","Zimeng Zhang","Zhanshuo Cao","Hongbo Yuan","Chengfen Xing"],"abstract":"The extracellular matrix (ECM) creates a dynamic mechanical environment for cellular functions, continuously influencing cellular activities via the mechanotransduction pathway. Mechanosensitive ion channels, recently identified as key mechanotransducers, convert mechanical stimuli into electrical or chemical signals when they detect membrane deformation. This process facilitates extracellular Ca2+ influx, cytoskeletal reorganization, and transcriptional regulation, all of which are essential for cellular physiological functions. In this study, we developed a fibrous hydrogel composite (PIC/OEG-NPs) with near-infrared (NIR) light-controlled dynamic mechanical properties to modulate mechanosensitive ion channels in cells, by using oligo-ethylene glycol (OEG)-assembled polyisocyanide (PIC) polymer and OEG-grafted conjugated polymer nanoparticles (OEG-NPs). PIC and OEG-NPs assemble into PIC/OEG-NPs composites through OEG-mediated hydrophobic interactions when heated. Under NIR stimulation, the PIC/OEG-NPs composites exhibit increased mechanical tension and form tighter fibrous networks due to their thermoresponsive behavior. These changes are reversible and allow for the dynamic regulation of mechanosensitive ion channels, including Piezo1 in transfected HEK-293T cells and the endogenous TRPV4 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), by switching NIR on and off. Furthermore, this process enhances the angiogenic potential of HUVECs. In summary, we present a simple and effective platform for in situ modulation of mechanosensitive ion channels in 3 dimensions.","doi":"10.34133/bmr.0182","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d5074f8393d2de00025117f46facd467b8754a89","result_position":44,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":274200006,"title":"Immunomechanobiology: Engineering the Activation and Function of Immune Cells With the Mechanical Signal of Fluid Shear Stress","venue":"IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering","year":2024,"authors":["Sarna N S","Curry N M","A. E","Kaufman B G","King M R"],"abstract":"Immunomechanobiology, the study of how physical forces influence the behavior and function of immune cells, is a rapidly growing area of research. It is becoming increasingly recognized that mechanical stimuli, such as fluid shear forces, are a critical determinant of immune cell regulation. In this review, we discuss the principles and significance of various mechanical forces present within the human body, with a focus on fluid shear flow and its impact on immune cell activation and function. Moreover, we discuss engineering approaches used to study immune cell mechanobiology, and their implications in health and diseases such as cancer, autoimmune disorders, and infectious disease.","doi":"10.1109/RBME.2024.3505073","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ca2a8e19f531bbf289e037fa974029825afcb891","result_position":45,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":235715087,"title":"Mechanobiology: A New Frontier in Biology","venue":"Biology","year":2021,"authors":["Tae-Jin Kim"],"abstract":"As we observe an increase in muscle mass by lifting weights or a significant mass loss in musculoskeletal tissues of astronauts returning after a stay in space, we note the manifestation of the mechanism of mechanotransduction that is central to mechanobiology [...].","doi":"10.3390/biology10070570","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2dd77a3ead865ef2705bfb9f0fd07a160fe51ac1","result_position":46,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":268188218,"title":"Life under tension: the relevance of force on biological polymers","venue":"Biophysics Reports","year":2024,"authors":["Matthew T. J. Halma","Longfu Xu"],"abstract":"Optical tweezers have elucidated numerous biological processes, particularly by enabling the precise manipulation and measurement of tension. One question concerns the biological relevance of these experiments and the generalizability of these experiments to wider biological systems. Here, we categorize the applicability of the information garnered from optical tweezers in two distinct categories: the direct relevance of tension in biological systems, and what experiments under tension can tell us about biological systems, while these systems do not reach the same tension as the experiment, still, these artificial experimental systems reveal insights into the operations of biological machines and life processes.","doi":"10.52601/bpr.2023.230019","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4d63929506ee14e4916811261a035ccdff9c2f27","result_position":47,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":35098968,"title":"Why mechanobiology? A survey article.","venue":"Journal of Biomechanics","year":2002,"authors":["M. V. D. van der Meulen","R. Huiskes"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1016/S0021-9290(01)00184-1","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e8ed272b741929efb7bccbec606772c22a0a27db","result_position":48,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":245342256,"title":"Biophysical Approaches for Applying and Measuring Biological Forces","venue":"Advancement of science","year":2021,"authors":["Wenxu Sun","Xiang Gao","Hai Lei","Wen Wang","Yi Cao"],"abstract":"Over the past decades, increasing evidence has indicated that mechanical loads can regulate the morphogenesis, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of living cells. Investigations of how cells sense mechanical stimuli or the mechanotransduction mechanism is an active field of biomaterials and biophysics. Gaining a further understanding of mechanical regulation and depicting the mechanotransduction network inside cells require advanced experimental techniques and new theories. In this review, the fundamental principles of various experimental approaches that have been developed to characterize various types and magnitudes of forces experienced at the cellular and subcellular levels are summarized. The broad applications of these techniques are introduced with an emphasis on the difficulties in implementing these techniques in special biological systems. The advantages and disadvantages of each technique are discussed, which can guide readers to choose the most suitable technique for their questions. A perspective on future directions in this field is also provided. It is anticipated that technical advancement can be a driving force for the development of mechanobiology.","doi":"10.1002/advs.202105254","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/325b51869caef73e3dde016d920c2b588f1172bf","result_position":49,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":277327246,"title":"The mechanobiology of biomolecular condensates","venue":"Biophysical Reviews","year":2025,"authors":["Neus Sanfeliu-Cerdán","Michael Krieg"],"abstract":"The central goal of mechanobiology is to understand how the mechanical forces and material properties of organelles, cells, and tissues influence biological processes and functions. Since the first description of biomolecular condensates, it was hypothesized that they obtain material properties that are tuned to their functions inside cells. Thus, they represent an intriguing playground for mechanobiology. The idea that biomolecular condensates exhibit diverse and adaptive material properties highlights the need to understand how different material states respond to external forces and whether these responses are linked to their physiological roles within the cell. For example, liquids buffer and dissipate, while solids store and transmit mechanical stress, and the relaxation time of a viscoelastic material can act as a mechanical frequency filter. Hence, a liquid–solid transition of a condensate in the force transmission pathway can determine how mechanical signals are transduced within and in-between cells, affecting differentiation, neuronal network dynamics, and behavior to external stimuli. Here, we first review our current understanding of the molecular drivers and how rigidity phase transitions are set forth in the complex cellular environment. We will then summarize the technical advancements that were necessary to obtain insights into the rich and fascinating mechanobiology of condensates, and finally, we will highlight recent examples of physiological liquid–solid transitions and their connection to specific cellular functions. Our goal is to provide a comprehensive summary of the field on how cells harness and regulate condensate mechanics to achieve specific functions.","doi":"10.1063/5.0236610","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e4aaf62dfd6dceadcd74ba0bea085649b2735d9a","result_position":50,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":52943175,"title":"Small Force, Big Impact: Next Generation Organ-on-a-Chip Systems Incorporating Biomechanical Cues","venue":"Frontiers in Physiology","year":2018,"authors":["Ece Ergir","B. Bachmann","H. Redl","G. Forte","P. Ertl"],"abstract":"Mechanobiology-on-a-chip is a growing field focusing on how mechanical inputs modulate physico-chemical output in microphysiological systems. It is well known that biomechanical cues trigger a variety of molecular events and adjustment of mechanical forces is therefore essential for mimicking in vivo physiologies in organ-on-a-chip technology. Biomechanical inputs in organ-on-a-chip systems can range from variations in extracellular matrix type and stiffness and applied shear stresses to active stretch/strain or compression forces using integrated flexible membranes. The main advantages of these organ-on-a-chip systems are therefore (a) the control over spatiotemporal organization of in vivo-like tissue architectures, (b) the ability to precisely control the amount, duration and intensity of the biomechanical stimuli, and (c) the capability of monitoring in real time the effects of applied mechanical forces on cell, tissue and organ functions. Consequently, over the last decade a variety of microfluidic devices have been introduced to recreate physiological microenvironments that also account for the influence of physical forces on biological functions. In this review we present recent advances in mechanobiological lab-on-a-chip systems and report on lessons learned from these current mechanobiological models. Additionally, future developments needed to engineer next-generation physiological and pathological organ-on-a-chip models are discussed.","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2018.01417","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0a989f175b152c3b9df6f86a9e2da4c631d4780a","result_position":51,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":247473505,"title":"Intrinsically disordered intracellular domains control key features of the mechanically-gated ion channel PIEZO2","venue":"Nature Communications","year":2022,"authors":["Clement Verkest","Irina Schaefer","T. Nees","Na Wang","Juri M. Jegelka","F. J. Taberner","S. G. Lechner"],"abstract":"A central question in mechanobiology is how mechanical forces acting in or on cells are transmitted to mechanically-gated PIEZO channels that convert these forces into biochemical signals. Here we examined the role of the intracellular domains of PIEZO2, which account for 25% of the channel, and demonstrate that these domains fine-tune properties such as poking and stretch-sensitivity, velocity coding and single channel conductance. Moreover, we show that the intrinsically disordered linker between the transmembrane helices twelve and thirteen (IDR5) is required for the activation of PIEZO2 by cytoskeleton-transmitted forces. The deletion of IDR5 abolishes PIEZO2-mediated inhibition of neurite outgrowth, while it only partially affected its sensitivity to cell indentation and does not alter its stretch sensitivity. Thus, we propose that PIEZO2 is a polymodal mechanosensor that detects different types of mechanical stimuli via different force transmission pathways, which highlights the importance of utilizing multiple complementary assays when investigating PIEZO function. A key question in mechanobiology is how mechanical forces are transmitted to PIEZO ion channels. Here, Verkest et al. identify an intracellular channel domain that is required for the activation of PIEZO2 by cytoskeleton-transmitted forces.","doi":"10.1038/s41467-022-28974-6","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/efd3a9586eed676fcc06ecd0feab0a1f4372fb85","result_position":52,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":258651503,"title":"Mechanobiology in Cells and Tissues","venue":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","year":2023,"authors":["S. Martino"],"abstract":"This Editorial is a comment on the success of the Special Issue \"Mechanobiology in Cells and Tissues\" published in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences [...].","doi":"10.3390/ijms24108564","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e660fa947bd52e2d1979b919c928a3e89d01d07f","result_position":53,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":272299953,"title":"Shaping the immune landscape: Multidimensional environmental stimuli refine macrophage polarization and foster revolutionary approaches in tissue regeneration","venue":"Heliyon","year":2024,"authors":["Jing-Dong Xue","Jing-Jing Gao","Chao Feng","Deng‐Long Wu"],"abstract":"In immunology, the role of macrophages extends far beyond their traditional classification as mere phagocytes; they emerge as pivotal architects of the immune response, with their function being significantly influenced by multidimensional environmental stimuli. This review investigates the nuanced mechanisms by which diverse external signals ranging from chemical cues to physical stress orchestrate macrophage polarization, a process that is crucial for the modulation of immune responses. By transitioning between pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) states, macrophages exhibit remarkable plasticity, enabling them to adapt to and influence their surroundings effectively. The exploration of macrophage polarization provides a compelling narrative on how these cells can be manipulated to foster an immune environment conducive to tissue repair and regeneration. Highlighting cutting-edge research, this review presents innovative strategies that leverage the dynamic interplay between macrophages and their environment, proposing novel therapeutic avenues that harness the potential of macrophages in regenerative medicine. Moreover, this review critically evaluates the current challenges and future prospects of translating macrophage-centered strategies from the laboratory to clinical applications.","doi":"10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37192","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/18350bb01eab81bdc208ad94f6788da3db1a6c16","result_position":54,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":239673900,"title":"Reprint of: Mechanosensitive ion channels in cell migration.","venue":"Cells and Development","year":2021,"authors":["Brenda Canales Coutiño","R. Mayor"],"abstract":"Cellular processes are initiated and regulated by different stimuli, including mechanical forces. Cell membrane mechanosensors represent the first step towards the conversion of mechanical stimuli to a biochemical or electrical response. Mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels form a growing family of ion gating channels that respond to direct physical force or plasma membrane deformations. A number of calcium (Ca2+) permeable MS channels are known to regulate the initiation, direction, and persistence of cell migration during development and tumour progression. While the evidence that links individual MS ion channels to cell migration is growing, a unified analysis of the molecular mechanisms regulated downstream of MS ion channel activation is lacking. In this review, we describe the MS ion channel families known to regulate cell migration. We discuss the molecular mechanisms that act downstream of MS ion channels with an emphasis on Ca2+ mediated processes. Finally, we propose the future directions and impact of MS ion channel activity in the field of cell migration.","doi":"10.1016/j.cdev.2021.203730","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0030dedc744ee2b538a469b09c9d80849631bd05","result_position":55,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":201098671,"title":"A Toolbox for Organelle Mechanobiology Research—Current Needs and Challenges","venue":"Micromachines","year":2019,"authors":["Qian Feng","Sung Sik Lee","Benoît Kornmann"],"abstract":"Mechanobiology studies from the last decades have brought significant insights into many domains of biological research, from development to cellular signaling. However, mechano-regulation of subcellular components, especially membranous organelles, are only beginning to be unraveled. In this paper, we take mitochondrial mechanobiology as an example to discuss recent advances and current technical challenges in this field. In addition, we discuss the needs for future toolbox development for mechanobiological research of intracellular organelles.","doi":"10.3390/mi10080538","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3f77c37d9f27d790b98e4b6c16bc2fbf6aef258c","result_position":56,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":236922722,"title":"How Physical Factors Coordinate Virus Infection: A Perspective From Mechanobiology","venue":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","year":2021,"authors":["Wei Liu","Daijiao Tang","Xinxiang Xu","Yan-Jun Liu","Yaming Jiu"],"abstract":"Pandemics caused by viruses have threatened lives of thousands of people. Understanding the complicated process of viral infection provides significantly directive implication to epidemic prevention and control. Viral infection is a complex and diverse process, and substantial studies have been complemented in exploring the biochemical and molecular interactions between viruses and hosts. However, the physical microenvironment where infections implement is often less considered, and the role of mechanobiology in viral infection remains elusive. Mechanobiology focuses on sensation, transduction, and response to intracellular and extracellular physical factors by tissues, cells, and extracellular matrix. The intracellular cytoskeleton and mechanosensors have been proven to be extensively involved in the virus life cycle. Furthermore, innovative methods based on micro- and nanofabrication techniques are being utilized to control and modulate the physical and chemical cell microenvironment, and to explore how extracellular factors including stiffness, forces, and topography regulate viral infection. Our current review covers how physical factors in the microenvironment coordinate viral infection. Moreover, we will discuss how this knowledge can be harnessed in future research on cross-fields of mechanobiology and virology.","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2021.764516","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b9e283625f850a3f08aac0ac1cfe83c1b0ee2d58","result_position":57,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":260695254,"title":"YAP at the Crossroads of Biomechanics and Drug Resistance in Human Cancer","venue":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","year":2023,"authors":["Miao Huang","Heyang Wang","Cole Mackey","Michael C. Chung","J. Guan","Guangrong Zheng","Arkaprava Roy","Mingyi Xie","C. Vulpe","Xin Tang"],"abstract":"Biomechanical forces are of fundamental importance in biology, diseases, and medicine. Mechanobiology is an emerging interdisciplinary field that studies how biological mechanisms are regulated by biomechanical forces and how physical principles can be leveraged to innovate new therapeutic strategies. This article reviews state-of-the-art mechanobiology knowledge about the yes-associated protein (YAP), a key mechanosensitive protein, and its roles in the development of drug resistance in human cancer. Specifically, the article discusses three topics: how YAP is mechanically regulated in living cells; the molecular mechanobiology mechanisms by which YAP, along with other functional pathways, influences drug resistance of cancer cells (particularly lung cancer cells); and finally, how the mechanical regulation of YAP can influence drug resistance and vice versa. By integrating these topics, we present a unified framework that has the potential to bring theoretical insights into the design of novel mechanomedicines and advance next-generation cancer therapies to suppress tumor progression and metastasis.","doi":"10.3390/ijms241512491","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bb48e8cb090de331b102544fe3fa693b511810f6","result_position":58,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":272812818,"title":"Extracellular Matrix Components and Mechanosensing Pathways in Health and Disease","venue":"Biomolecules","year":2024,"authors":["A. Berdiaki","Monica Neagu","Petros Tzanakakis","I. Spyridaki","Serge Pérez","D. Nikitovic"],"abstract":"Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and proteoglycans (PGs) are essential components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) with pivotal roles in cellular mechanosensing pathways. GAGs, such as heparan sulfate (HS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS), interact with various cell surface receptors, including integrins and receptor tyrosine kinases, to modulate cellular responses to mechanical stimuli. PGs, comprising a core protein with covalently attached GAG chains, serve as dynamic regulators of tissue mechanics and cell behavior, thereby playing a crucial role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Dysregulation of GAG/PG-mediated mechanosensing pathways is implicated in numerous pathological conditions, including cancer and inflammation. Understanding the intricate mechanisms by which GAGs and PGs modulate cellular responses to mechanical forces holds promise for developing novel therapeutic strategies targeting mechanotransduction pathways in disease. This comprehensive overview underscores the importance of GAGs and PGs as key mediators of mechanosensing in maintaining tissue homeostasis and their potential as therapeutic targets for mitigating mechano-driven pathologies, focusing on cancer and inflammation.","doi":"10.3390/biom14091186","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/319352db581114800e26c971c48071d9f3275220","result_position":59,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":277197842,"title":"Extracellular Matrix Stiffness: Mechanotransduction and Mechanobiological Response-Driven Strategies for Biomedical Applications Targeting Fibroblast Inflammation","venue":"Polymers","year":2025,"authors":["Watcharaphol Tiskratok","Nontawat Chuinsiri","Phoonsuk Limraksasin","Maythwe Kyawsoewin","P. Jitprasertwong"],"abstract":"The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic network providing mechanical and biochemical cues that regulate cellular behavior. ECM stiffness critically influences fibroblasts, the primary ECM producers, particularly in inflammation and fibrosis. This review explores the role of ECM stiffness in fibroblast-driven inflammation and tissue remodeling, focusing on the physicochemical and biological mechanisms involved. Engineered materials, hydrogels, and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) are highlighted for replicating tissue-specific stiffness, enabling precise control over cell–matrix interactions. The surface functionalization of substrate materials, including collagen, polydopamine, and fibronectin, enhances bioactivity and fibroblast adhesion. Key mechanotransduction pathways, such as integrin signaling and YAP/TAZ activation, are related to regulating fibroblast behaviors and inflammatory responses. The role of fibroblasts in driving chronic inflammatory diseases emphasizes their therapeutic potentials. Advances in ECM-modifying strategies, including tunable biomaterials and hydrogel-based therapies, are explored for applications in tissue engineering, drug delivery, anti-inflammatory treatments, and diagnostic tools for the accurate diagnosis and prognosis of ECM stiffness-related inflammatory diseases. This review integrates mechanobiology with biomedical innovations, providing a comprehensive prognosis of fibroblast responses to ECM stiffness and outlining future directions for targeted therapies.","doi":"10.3390/polym17060822","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/10991ddaa627d591d9e416634f11304f9a75d689","result_position":60,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":252052077,"title":"Harnessing conserved signaling and metabolic pathways to enhance the maturation of functional engineered tissues","venue":"npj Regenerative Medicine","year":2022,"authors":["Neal I. Callaghan","Lauren J. Durland","Ronald G. Ireland","J. Santerre","C. Simmons","Locke Davenport Huyer"],"abstract":"The development of induced-pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cell types offers promise for basic science, drug testing, disease modeling, personalized medicine, and translatable cell therapies across many tissue types. However, in practice many iPSC-derived cells have presented as immature in physiological function, and despite efforts to recapitulate adult maturity, most have yet to meet the necessary benchmarks for the intended tissues. Here, we summarize the available state of knowledge surrounding the physiological mechanisms underlying cell maturation in several key tissues. Common signaling consolidators, as well as potential synergies between critical signaling pathways are explored. Finally, current practices in physiologically relevant tissue engineering and experimental design are critically examined, with the goal of integrating greater decision paradigms and frameworks towards achieving efficient maturation strategies, which in turn may produce higher-valued iPSC-derived tissues.","doi":"10.1038/s41536-022-00246-3","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fc1546aa68a45e0b31ba31ae7e4d196108351cd6","result_position":61,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":174805281,"title":"A Review of in vitro Platforms for Understanding Cardiomyocyte Mechanobiology","venue":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","year":2019,"authors":["I. Chin","L. Hool","Yu Suk Choi"],"abstract":"Mechanobiology—a cell's interaction with its physical environment—can influence a myriad of cellular processes including how cells migrate, differentiate and proliferate. In many diseases, remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is observed such as tissue stiffening in rigid scar formation after myocardial infarct. Utilizing knowledge of cell mechanobiology in relation to ECM remodeling during pathogenesis, elucidating the role of the ECM in the progression—and perhaps regression—of disease is a primary focus of the field. Although the importance of mechanical signaling in the cardiac cell is well-appreciated, our understanding of how these signals are sensed and transduced by cardiomyocytes is limited. To overcome this limitation, recently developed tools and resources have provided exciting opportunities to further our understandings by better recapitulating pathological spatiotemporal ECM stiffness changes in an in vitro setting. In this review, we provide an overview of a conventional model of mechanotransduction and present understandings of cardiomyocyte mechanobiology, followed by a review of emerging tools and resources that can be used to expand our knowledge of cardiomyocyte mechanobiology toward more clinically relevant applications.","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2019.00133","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e3d5c02ea94735a6bd33f34dacdee7319517639a","result_position":62,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":256727321,"title":"Harnessing conserved signaling and metabolic pathways to enhance the maturation of functional engineered tissues","venue":"npj Regenerative Medicine","year":2022,"authors":["Neal I. Callaghan","Lauren J. Durland","Ronald G. Ireland","J. Santerre","C. Simmons","Locke Davenport Huyer"],"abstract":"The development of induced-pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cell types offers promise for basic science, drug testing, disease modeling, personalized medicine, and translatable cell therapies across many tissue types. However, in practice many iPSC-derived cells have presented as immature in physiological function, and despite efforts to recapitulate adult maturity, most have yet to meet the necessary benchmarks for the intended tissues. Here, we summarize the available state of knowledge surrounding the physiological mechanisms underlying cell maturation in several key tissues. Common signaling consolidators, as well as potential synergies between critical signaling pathways are explored. Finally, current practices in physiologically relevant tissue engineering and experimental design are critically examined, with the goal of integrating greater decision paradigms and frameworks towards achieving efficient maturation strategies, which in turn may produce higher-valued iPSC-derived tissues.","doi":"10.1038/s41536-022-00246-3","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/89d56b46a560f78335e854431e66ef3633042fe2","result_position":63,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":17600649,"title":"Regulation of Tissue Fibrosis by the Biomechanical Environment","venue":"BioMed Research International","year":2013,"authors":["W. Carver","E. Goldsmith"],"abstract":"The biomechanical environment plays a fundamental role in embryonic development, tissue maintenance, and pathogenesis. Mechanical forces play particularly important roles in the regulation of connective tissues including not only bone and cartilage but also the interstitial tissues of most organs. In vivo studies have correlated changes in mechanical load to modulation of the extracellular matrix and have indicated that increased mechanical force contributes to the enhanced expression and deposition of extracellular matrix components or fibrosis. Pathological fibrosis contributes to dysfunction of many organ systems. A variety of in vitro models have been utilized to evaluate the effects of mechanical force on extracellular matrix-producing cells. In general, application of mechanical stretch, fluid flow, and compression results in increased expression of extracellular matrix components. More recent studies have indicated that tissue rigidity also provides profibrotic signals to cells. The mechanisms whereby cells detect mechanical signals and transduce them into biochemical responses have received considerable attention. Cell surface receptors for extracellular matrix components and intracellular signaling pathways are instrumental in the mechanotransduction process. Understanding how mechanical signals are transmitted from the microenvironment will identify novel therapeutic targets for fibrosis and other pathological conditions.","doi":"10.1155/2013/101979","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2af611281e2e14aabe8fac30edfb53f5a8c91611","result_position":64,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":253153974,"title":"Magnetic nanomaterials for wireless thermal and mechanical neuromodulation","venue":"iScience","year":2022,"authors":["Lorenzo Signorelli","S. Hescham","Arnd Pralle","D. Gregurec"],"abstract":"Summary Magnetic fields are very attractive for non-invasive neuromodulation because they easily penetrate trough the skull and tissue. Cell specific neuromodulation requires the magnetic field energy to be converted by an actuator to a biologically relevant signal. Miniaturized actuators available today range from small, isotropic magnetic nanoparticles to larger, submicron anisotropic magnetic nanomaterials. Depending on the parameters of external magnetic fields and the properties of the nanoactuators, they create either a thermal or a mechanical stimulus. Ferromagnetic nanomaterials generate heat in response to high frequency alternating magnetic fields associated with dissipative losses. Anisotropic nanomaterials with large magnetic moments are capable of exerting forces at stationary or slowly varying magnetic fields. These tools allow exploiting thermosensitive or mechanosensitive neurons in circuit or cell specific tetherless neuromodulation schemes. This review will address assortment of available magnetic nanomaterial-based neuromodulation techniques that rely on application of external magnetic fields.","doi":"10.1016/j.isci.2022.105401","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cdc7ad6db1ba013dc4a203046c7c0fd3419d20df","result_position":65,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":13407297,"title":"In silico bone mechanobiology: modeling a multifaceted biological system","venue":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Systems Biology and Medicine","year":2016,"authors":["M. Giorgi","S. W. Verbruggen","D. Lacroix"],"abstract":"Mechanobiology, the study of the influence of mechanical loads on biological processes through signaling to cells, is fundamental to the inherent ability of bone tissue to adapt its structure in response to mechanical stimulation. The immense contribution of computational modeling to the nascent field of bone mechanobiology is indisputable, having aided in the interpretation of experimental findings and identified new avenues of inquiry. Indeed, advances in computational modeling have spurred the development of this field, shedding new light on problems ranging from the mechanical response to loading by individual cells to tissue differentiation during events such as fracture healing. To date, in silico bone mechanobiology has generally taken a reductive approach in attempting to answer discrete biological research questions, with research in the field broadly separated into two streams: (1) mechanoregulation algorithms for predicting mechanobiological changes to bone tissue and (2) models investigating cell mechanobiology. Future models will likely take advantage of advances in computational power and techniques, allowing multiscale and multiphysics modeling to tie the many separate but related biological responses to loading together as part of a larger systems biology approach to shed further light on bone mechanobiology. Finally, although the ever‐increasing complexity of computational mechanobiology models will inevitably move the field toward patient‐specific models in the clinic, the determination of the context in which they can be used safely for clinical purpose will still require an extensive combination of computational and experimental techniques applied to in vitro and in vivo applications. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2016, 8:485–505. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1356","doi":"10.1002/wsbm.1356","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b72308081cbed5f53f9658c0bc3158a3cecaf816","result_position":66,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":23678983,"title":"Influence of Mechanical Stimuli on Schwann Cell Biology","venue":"Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience","year":2017,"authors":["Sophie Belin","Kristen L. Zuloaga","Y. Poitelon"],"abstract":"Schwann cells are the glial cells of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). They insulate axons by forming a specialized extension of plasma membrane called the myelin sheath. The formation of myelin is essential for the rapid saltatory propagation of action potentials and to maintain the integrity of axons. Although both axonal and extracellular matrix (ECM) signals are necessary for myelination to occur, the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating myelination continue to be elucidated. Schwann cells in peripheral nerves are physiologically exposed to mechanical stresses (i.e., tensile, compressive and shear strains), occurring during development, adulthood and injuries. In addition, there is a growing body of evidences that Schwann cells are sensitive to the stiffness of their environment. In this review, we detail the mechanical constraints of Schwann cells and peripheral nerves. We explore the regulation of Schwann cell signaling pathways in response to mechanical stimulation. Finally, we provide a comprehensive overview of the experimental studies addressing the mechanobiology of Schwann cells. Understanding which mechanical properties can interfere with the cellular and molecular biology of Schwann cell during development, myelination and following injuries opens new insights in the regulation of PNS development and treatment approaches in peripheral neuropathies.","doi":"10.3389/fncel.2017.00347","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/091a1129f32e958b195c51494b4698707f43ea0b","result_position":67,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":52194571,"title":"MECHANOMEDICINE: applications of mechanobiology to medical sciences and next-generation medical technologies","venue":"Journal of smooth muscle research = Nihon Heikatsukin Gakkai kikanshi","year":2018,"authors":["K. Naruse"],"abstract":"Mechanical stress underlies most aspects of cell and organismal biology. Mechanomedicine is a field of biology that seeks to understand molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, and individual responses to mechanical stimuli and aims to apply the gained knowledge to improve health. Combining biology and engineering, we explore research areas including mechanosensitive ion channels, heart failure, and regenerative medicine.This review will describe our findings in mechanobiology, our establishment of a joint venture business as we developed devices responding to medical needs, and our alliance with other companies.","doi":"10.1540/jsmr.54.83","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a9a09f088c0e35d876e60e8df4d8a1f0c0cabc4f","result_position":68,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":209435357,"title":"Cell-Based Mechanosensation, Epigenetics, and Non-Coding RNAs in Progression of Cardiac Fibrosis","venue":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","year":2019,"authors":["Silvia Ferrari","M. Pesce"],"abstract":"The heart is par excellence the ‘in-motion’ organ in the human body. Compelling evidence shows that, besides generating forces to ensure continuous blood supply (e.g., myocardial contractility) or withstanding passive forces generated by flow (e.g., shear stress on endocardium, myocardial wall strain, and compression strain at the level of cardiac valves), cells resident in the heart respond to mechanical cues with the activation of mechanically dependent molecular pathways. Cardiac stromal cells, most commonly named cardiac fibroblasts, are central in the pathologic evolution of the cardiovascular system. In their normal function, these cells translate mechanical cues into signals that are necessary to renew the tissues, e.g., by continuously rebuilding the extracellular matrix being subjected to mechanical stress. In the presence of tissue insults (e.g., ischemia), inflammatory cues, or modifiable/unmodifiable risk conditions, these mechanical signals may be ‘misinterpreted’ by cardiac fibroblasts, giving rise to pathology programming. In fact, these cells are subject to changing their phenotype from that of matrix renewing to that of matrix scarring cells—the so-called myo-fibroblasts—involved in cardiac fibrosis. The links between alterations in the abilities of cardiac fibroblasts to ‘sense’ mechanical cues and molecular pathology programming are still under investigation. On the other hand, various evidence suggests that cell mechanics may control stromal cells phenotype by modifying the epigenetic landscape, and this involves specific non-coding RNAs. In the present contribution, we will provide examples in support of this more integrated vision of cardiac fibrotic progression based on the decryption of mechanical cues in the context of epigenetic and non-coding RNA biology.","doi":"10.3390/ijms21010028","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/88dc98fc6bbaea1a0e7721db4299c1c8eaabacaa","result_position":69,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":218757927,"title":"Mechanoregulation in Hematopoiesis and Hematologic Disorders","venue":"Current Stem Cell Reports","year":2020,"authors":["Paulina D Horton","Sandeep P. Dumbali","P. Wenzel"],"abstract":"Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are reliant on intrinsic and extrinsic factors for tight control of self-renewal, quiescence, differentiation, and homing. Given the intimate relationship between HSCs and their niche, increasing numbers of studies are examining how biophysical cues in the hematopoietic microenvironment impact HSC functions. Numerous mechanosensors are present on hematopoietic cells, including integrins, mechanosensitive ion channels, and primary cilia. Integrin-ligand adhesion, in particular, has been found to be critical for homing and anchoring of HSCs and progenitors in the bone marrow. Integrin-mediated interactions with ligands present on extracellular matrix and endothelial cells are key to establishing long-term engraftment and quiescence of HSCs. Importantly, disruption in the architecture and cellular composition of the bone marrow associated with conditioning regimens and primary myelofibrosis exposes HSCs to a profoundly distinct mechanical environment, with potential implications for progression of hematologic dysfunction and pathologies. Study of the mechanobiological signals that govern hematopoiesis represents an important future step toward understanding HSC biology in homeostasis, aging, and cancer.","doi":"10.1007/s40778-020-00172-4","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3f621ac0dd7a9df0079c6468618c4078a07e16ce","result_position":70,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":211473559,"title":"From cellular to molecular mechanobiology","venue":"APL Bioengineering","year":2020,"authors":["C. Zhu","Cho-yin Lee","L. McIntire"],"abstract":"Mechanobiology at the cellular level is concerned with what phenotypes that cells exhibit to maintain homeostasis in their normal physiological mechanical environment, as well as what phenotypical changes that cells have to make when their environment is altered. Mechanobiology at the molecular level aims to understand the molecular underpinning of how cells sense, respond to, and adapt to mechanical cues in their environment. In this Perspective, we use our work inspired by and in collaboration with Professor Shu Chien as an example with which we connect the mechanobiology between the cellular and molecular levels. We discuss how physical forces acting on intracellular proteins may impact protein–protein interaction, change protein conformation, crosstalk with biochemical signaling molecules, induce mechanotransduction, and alter the cell structure and function.","doi":"10.1063/1.5129937","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5fa37d6b8c1538c66cbeab3883bb630db4f79b83","result_position":71,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":12725607,"title":"Plasma Membrane Mechanical Stress Activates TRPC5 Channels","venue":"PLoS ONE","year":2015,"authors":["B. Shen","Ching-On Wong","O. Lau","Theodosia Woo","Suwen Bai","Yu Huang","X. Yao"],"abstract":"Mechanical forces exerted on cells impose stress on the plasma membrane. Cells sense this stress and elicit a mechanoelectric transduction cascade that initiates compensatory mechanisms. Mechanosensitive ion channels in the plasma membrane are responsible for transducing the mechanical signals to electrical signals. However, the mechanisms underlying channel activation in response to mechanical stress remain incompletely understood. Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels serve essential functions in several sensory modalities. These channels can also participate in mechanotransduction by either being autonomously sensitive to mechanical perturbation or by coupling to other mechanosensory components of the cell. Here, we investigated the response of a TRP family member, TRPC5, to mechanical stress. Hypoosmolarity triggers Ca2+ influx and cationic conductance through TRPC5. Importantly, for the first time we were able to record the stretch-activated TRPC5 current at single-channel level. The activation threshold for TRPC5 was found to be 240 mOsm for hypoosmotic stress and between −20 and −40 mmHg for pressure applied to membrane patch. In addition, we found that disruption of actin filaments suppresses TRPC5 response to hypoosmotic stress and patch pipette pressure, but does not prevent the activation of TRPC5 by stretch-independent mechanisms, indicating that actin cytoskeleton is an essential transduction component that confers mechanosensitivity to TRPC5. In summary, our findings establish that TRPC5 can be activated at the single-channel level when mechanical stress on the cell reaches a certain threshold.","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0122227","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/337797c1d76c700775778cc434d3d503b7f0d1cf","result_position":72,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":17481214,"title":"Mechanical transduction by ion channels: A cautionary tale","venue":"World Journal of Neurology","year":2015,"authors":["F. Sachs"],"abstract":"Mechanical transduction by ion channels occurs in all cells. The physiological functions of these channels have just begun to be elaborated, but if we focus on the upper animal kingdom, these channels serve the common sensory services such as hearing and touch, provide the central nervous system with information on the force and position of muscles and joints, and they provide the autonomic system with information about the filling of hollow organs such as blood vessels. However, all cells of the body have mechanosensitive channels (MSCs), including red cells. Most of these channels are cation selective and are activated by bilayer tension. There are also K+ selective MSCs found commonly in neurons where they may be responsible for both general anesthesia and knockout punches in the boxing ring by hyperpolarizing neurons to reduce excitability. The cationic MSCs are typically inactive under normal mechanical stress, but open under pathologic stress. The channels are normally inactive because they are shielded from stress by the cytoskeleton. The cationic MSCs are specifically blocked by the externally applied peptide GsMtx4 (aka, AT-300). This is the first drug of its class and provides a new approach to many pathologies since it is nontoxic, non-immunogenic, stable in a biological environment and has a long pharmacokinetic lifetime. Pathologies involving excessive stress are common. They produce cardiac arrhythmias, contraction in stretched dystrophic muscle, xerocytotic and sickled red cells, etc. The channels seem to function primarily as “fire alarms”, providing feedback to the cytoskeleton that a region of the bilayer is under excessive tension and needs reinforcing. The eukaryotic forms of MSCs have only been cloned in recent years and few people have experience working with them. “Newbies” need to become aware of the technology, potential artifacts, and the fundamentals of mechanics. The most difficult problem in studying MSCs is that the actual stimulus, the force applied to the channel, is not known. We don’t have direct access to the channels themselves but only to larger regions of the membrane as seen in patches. Cortical forces are shared by the bilayer, the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix. How much of an applied stimulus reaches the channel is unknown. Furthermore, many of these channels exist in spatial domains where the forces within a domain are different from forces outside the domain, although we often hope they are proportional. This review is intended to be a guide for new investigators who want to study mechanosensitive ion channels.","doi":"10.5316/wjn.v5.i3.74","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6d3ae9a4e49a66c41ab6e5f84eae86a83aaad563","result_position":73,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":267824684,"title":"Introduction to Cell Mechanics and Mechanobiology","venue":"The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine","year":2013,"authors":["K. Rosowski"],"abstract":"Mechanics have increasingly been found to play a role in biological processes, affecting tissue behavior during homeostasis and disease. Due to this, many studies in biology have begun to incorporate not only traditional biochemical approaches but also biomechanical ones. The study of the physical forces generated or sensed by cells, leading to changes in their characteristics or function, has been termed mechanobiology. This textbook is a comprehensive review of the methods and physical concepts used in current studies of mechanobiology. \n \nThe intended audience of the book is graduate students and advanced undergraduates in the fields of mechanical and biological engineering. The authors assume that the reader has a basic background in engineering mathematics, including calculus, ordinary differential equations, and linear algebra. Very basic knowledge of chemistry is also assumed, although no background in biology is needed. It is aimed more at those engineering students who want to explore biological phenomena with mechanical principles. Someone with not much knowledge of physics might find it hard to follow the equation derivations and problem solving. The biology is very basic, and the book would be less useful to a biologist new to the field of mechanics who might get a more relevant write up of these techniques in a biology journal review. \n \nThe book is written in an informal conversational style, which makes it easy to read and follow, but also makes it difficult to jump to a section and quickly read up on a specific topic. It seems more an introduction to the field and less a reference book to occasionally look up something. However, there are quite a few problem examples where the reader is taken through the derivation of the solution, which may be helpful to refer to during experimental setup and analysis. \n \nOverall, this book touches on all the main current techniques used to apply force to cells and to measure the forces exerted by cells. While these methods are not described in detail, the physics behind them is well explained and derived. Additionally, it puts forth current ideas for how these forces may be transmitted to cellular machinery in order to change protein expression and otherwise modify cell activity. The book sets up a good context for why one would want to study mechanobiology and gives some good tips for designing an experiment, taking into account the fundamental differences in biology and engineering practices. \n \nEach chapter ends with key concepts and problems to solve. Solutions to these problems can be found in online material, along with simulations, figures and videos that supplement the text.","doi":"","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/acde2e577a6a72643d1fa7e67827bd396a3ffd9f","result_position":74,"is_clicked":false}],"string":"[\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 274956297,\n \"title\": \"Biophysical assays to test cellular mechanosensing: moving towards high throughput\",\n \"venue\": \"Biophysical Reviews\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Marta Cubero-Sarabia\",\n \"Anna Maria Kapetanaki\",\n \"M. Vassalli\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Mechanosensitivity is the ability of cells to sense and respond to mechanical stimuli. In order to do this, cells are endowed with different components that allow them to react to a broad range of stimuli, such as compression or shear forces, pressure, and vibrations. This sensing process, mechanosensing, is involved in fundamental physiological mechanisms, such as stem cell differentiation and migration, but it is also central to the development of pathogenic states. Here, we review the approaches that have been proposed to quantify mechanosensation in living cells, with a specific focus on methodologies that enable higher experimental throughput. This aspect is crucial to fully understand the nuances of mechanosensation and how it impacts the physiology and pathology of living systems. We will discuss traditional methods for studying mechanosensing at the level of single cells, with particular attention to the activation of the mechanosensitive ion channel piezo1. Moreover, we will present recent attempts to push the analysis towards higher throughput.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s12551-024-01263-w\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3121bb4694fd06f6c3126eaf669ccd7292cbda55\",\n \"result_position\": 0,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 256229030,\n \"title\": \"Mechanosensitive membrane proteins: Usual and unusual suspects in mediating mechanotransduction\",\n \"venue\": \"The Journal of General Physiology\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Goodman\",\n \"E. Haswell\",\n \"V. Vásquez\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This Viewpoint uncovers the phylogenetic, structural, and functional diversity of membrane mechanosensors, recent successes, and the on-going challenges for studying them in reconstituted systems and intact cells, tissues, plants, and animals.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1085/jgp.202213248\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0e255a0284a13d637b19f2795b94461ff472c73f\",\n \"result_position\": 1,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 247783164,\n \"title\": \"Multiscale Mechanobiology in Brain Physiology and Diseases\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Procès\",\n \"Marine Luciano\",\n \"Yohalie Kalukula\",\n \"L. Ris\",\n \"S. Gabriele\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Increasing evidence suggests that mechanics play a critical role in regulating brain function at different scales. Downstream integration of mechanical inputs into biochemical signals and genomic pathways causes observable and measurable effects on brain cell fate and can also lead to important pathological consequences. Despite recent advances, the mechanical forces that influence neuronal processes remain largely unexplored, and how endogenous mechanical forces are detected and transduced by brain cells into biochemical and genetic programs have received less attention. In this review, we described the composition of brain tissues and their pronounced microstructural heterogeneity. We discuss the individual role of neuronal and glial cell mechanics in brain homeostasis and diseases. We highlight how changes in the composition and mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix can modulate brain cell functions and describe key mechanisms of the mechanosensing process. We then consider the contribution of mechanobiology in the emergence of brain diseases by providing a critical review on traumatic brain injury, neurodegenerative diseases, and neuroblastoma. We show that a better understanding of the mechanobiology of brain tissues will require to manipulate the physico-chemical parameters of the cell microenvironment, and to develop three-dimensional models that can recapitulate the complexity and spatial diversity of brain tissues in a reproducible and predictable manner. Collectively, these emerging insights shed new light on the importance of mechanobiology and its implication in brain and nerve diseases.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fcell.2022.823857\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/caa0d62ba67475824c8de469f01e32aba2e0e4f7\",\n \"result_position\": 2,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 20977908,\n \"title\": \"Piezos thrive under pressure: mechanically activated ion channels in health and disease\",\n \"venue\": \"Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Swetha E. Murthy\",\n \"A. Dubin\",\n \"A. Patapoutian\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/nrm.2017.92\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bf8eb6c108d8e617ee3624911352c2f8004ddd36\",\n \"result_position\": 3,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 263021089,\n \"title\": \"Using Biosensors to Study Organoids, Spheroids and Organs-on-a-Chip: A Mechanobiology Perspective\",\n \"venue\": \"Biosensors\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. S. Yousafzai\",\n \"John A. Hammer\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The increasing popularity of 3D cell culture models is being driven by the demand for more in vivo-like conditions with which to study the biochemistry and biomechanics of numerous biological processes in health and disease. Spheroids and organoids are 3D culture platforms that self-assemble and regenerate from stem cells, tissue progenitor cells or cell lines, and that show great potential for studying tissue development and regeneration. Organ-on-a-chip approaches can be used to achieve spatiotemporal control over the biochemical and biomechanical signals that promote tissue growth and differentiation. These 3D model systems can be engineered to serve as disease models and used for drug screens. While culture methods have been developed to support these 3D structures, challenges remain to completely recapitulate the cell–cell and cell–matrix biomechanical interactions occurring in vivo. Understanding how forces influence the functions of cells in these 3D systems will require precise tools to measure such forces, as well as a better understanding of the mechanobiology of cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions. Biosensors will prove powerful for measuring forces in both of these contexts, thereby leading to a better understanding of how mechanical forces influence biological systems at the cellular and tissue levels. Here, we discussed how biosensors and mechanobiological research can be coupled to develop accurate, physiologically relevant 3D tissue models to study tissue development, function, malfunction in disease, and avenues for disease intervention.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/bios13100905\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/266daabba8e351b4c39ba8851a77dec83d2ce1d3\",\n \"result_position\": 4,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 253024177,\n \"title\": \"Mechanosensitive Piezo1 and Piezo2 ion channels in craniofacial development and dentistry: Recent advances and prospects\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Physiology\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yifan Lin\",\n \"Jianhan Ren\",\n \"C. Mcgrath\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Mechanical forces play important roles in many biological processes and there is increasing interest and understanding of these roles. Mechanotransduction is the process by which mechanical stimuli are converted to biochemical signals through specific mechanisms, and this results in the activation of downstream signaling pathways with specific effects on cell behaviors. This review systematically summarizes the current understanding of the mechanosensitive Piezo1 and Piezo2 ion channels in craniofacial bone, tooth, and periodontal tissue, presenting the latest relevant evidence with implications for potential treatments and managements of dental and orofacial diseases and deformities. The mechanosensitive ion channels Piezo1 and Piezo2 are widely expressed in various cells and tissues and have essential functions in mechanosensation and mechanotransduction. These channels play an active role in many physiological and pathological processes, such as growth and development, mechano-stimulated bone homeostasis and the mediation of inflammatory responses. Emerging evidence indicates the expression of Piezo1 and Piezo2 in bone, dental tissues and dental tissue-derived stem cells and suggests that they function in dental sensation transduction, dentin mineralization and periodontal bone remodeling and modulate orthodontic tooth movement.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fphys.2022.1039714\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5c406de61b1c3ddef766fe8fb5e1dc91e60083c2\",\n \"result_position\": 5,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 233463582,\n \"title\": \"Mechanosensitive Regulation of Fibrosis\",\n \"venue\": \"Cells\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Shuying Yang\",\n \"Sergey V Plotnikov\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Cells in the human body experience and integrate a wide variety of environmental cues. A growing interest in tissue mechanics in the past four decades has shown that the mechanical properties of tissue drive key biological processes and facilitate disease development. However, tissue stiffness is not only a potent behavioral cue, but also a product of cellular signaling activity. This review explores both roles of tissue stiffness in the context of inflammation and fibrosis, and the important molecular players driving such processes. During inflammation, proinflammatory cytokines upregulate tissue stiffness by increasing hydrostatic pressure, ECM deposition, and ECM remodeling. As the ECM stiffens, cells involved in the immune response employ intricate molecular sensors to probe and alter their mechanical environment, thereby facilitating immune cell recruitment and potentiating the fibrotic phenotype. This powerful feedforward loop raises numerous possibilities for drug development and warrants further investigation into the mechanisms specific to different fibrotic diseases.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/cells10050994\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d99ded5dc94546a84c75b92ab2cf8374da07c12c\",\n \"result_position\": 6,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 258992047,\n \"title\": \"Trends in mechanobiology guided tissue engineering and tools to study cell-substrate interactions: a brief review\",\n \"venue\": \"Biomaterials Research\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Rajendran\",\n \"D. Sankar\",\n \"Sivashanmugam Amirthalingam\",\n \"Hwan D. Kim\",\n \"Jayakumar Rangasamy\",\n \"Nathaniel S. Hwang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Sensing the mechanical properties of the substrates or the matrix by the cells and the tissues, the subsequent downstream responses at the cellular, nuclear and epigenetic levels and the outcomes are beginning to get unraveled more recently. There have been various instances where researchers have established the underlying connection between the cellular mechanosignalling pathways and cellular physiology, cellular differentiation, and also tissue pathology. It has been now accepted that mechanosignalling, alone or in combination with classical pathways, could play a significant role in fate determination, development, and organization of cells and tissues. Furthermore, as mechanobiology is gaining traction, so do the various techniques to ponder and gain insights into the still unraveled pathways. This review would briefly discuss some of the interesting works wherein it has been shown that specific alteration of the mechanical properties of the substrates would lead to fate determination of stem cells into various differentiated cells such as osteoblasts, adipocytes, tenocytes, cardiomyocytes, and neurons, and how these properties are being utilized for the development of organoids. This review would also cover various techniques that have been developed and employed to explore the effects of mechanosignalling, including imaging of mechanosensing proteins, atomic force microscopy (AFM), quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation measurements (QCMD), traction force microscopy (TFM), microdevice arrays, Spatio-temporal image analysis, optical tweezer force measurements, mechanoscanning ion conductance microscopy (mSICM), acoustofluidic interferometric device (AID) and so forth. This review would provide insights to the researchers who work on exploiting various mechanical properties of substrates to control the cellular and tissue functions for tissue engineering and regenerative applications, and also will shed light on the advancements of various techniques that could be utilized to unravel the unknown in the field of cellular mechanobiology. Graphical Abstract\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1186/s40824-023-00393-8\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1b2b089b1bbda8bef103e02fab8990219adb3e68\",\n \"result_position\": 7,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 251172548,\n \"title\": \"Importance of the Microenvironment and Mechanosensing in Adipose Tissue Biology\",\n \"venue\": \"Cells\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Simon Lecoutre\",\n \"M. Lambert\",\n \"Krzysztof Drygalski\",\n \"I. Dugail\",\n \"S. Maqdasy\",\n \"M. Hautefeuille\",\n \"K. Clément\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The expansion of adipose tissue is an adaptive mechanism that increases nutrient buffering capacity in response to an overall positive energy balance. Over the course of expansion, the adipose microenvironment undergoes continual remodeling to maintain its structural and functional integrity. However, in the long run, adipose tissue remodeling, typically characterized by adipocyte hypertrophy, immune cells infiltration, fibrosis and changes in vascular architecture, generates mechanical stress on adipose cells. This mechanical stimulus is then transduced into a biochemical signal that alters adipose function through mechanotransduction. In this review, we describe the physical changes occurring during adipose tissue remodeling, and how they regulate adipose cell physiology and promote obesity-associated dysfunction in adipose tissue.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/cells11152310\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/95c14b418b78f93116e28fdfe8ccae1f0d642794\",\n \"result_position\": 8,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 273207547,\n \"title\": \"Advances in mechanotransduction and sonobiology: effects of audible acoustic waves and low-vibration stimulations on mammalian cells\",\n \"venue\": \"Biophysical Reviews\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"D. D. Rosario‑Gilabert\",\n \"·. A. Valenzuela‑Miralles\",\n \"·. G. Esquiva\",\n \"Mechanotransduction · Sonobiology\",\n \"Aaw · Lvs\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In recent decades, research on mechanotransduction has advanced considerably, focusing on the effects of audible acoustic waves (AAWs) and low-vibration stimulation (LVS), which has propelled the field of sonobiology forward. Taken together, the current evidence demonstrates the influence of these biosignals on key cellular processes, such as growth, differentiation and migration in mammalian cells, emphasizing the determining role of specific physical parameters during stimulation, such as frequency, sound pressure level/amplitude and exposure time. These mechanical waves interact with various cellular elements, including ion channels, primary cilia, cell–cell adhesion receptors, cell–matrix and extracellular matrix proteins, and focal adhesion complexes. These components connect with the cytoskeletal fibre network, enabling the transmission of mechanical stimuli towards the nucleus. The nucleus, in turn, linked to the cytoskeleton via the linkers of the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton complex, acts as a mechanosensitive centre, not only responding to changes in cytoskeletal stiffness and nuclear tension but also regulating gene expression through the transcriptional co-activator YAP/TAZ and interactions between chromatin and the nuclear envelope. This intricate chain of mechanisms highlights the potential of sonobiology in various fields, including dentistry, regenerative medicine, tissue engineering and cancer research. However, progress in these fields requires the establishment of standardized measurement methodologies and biocompatible experimental setups to ensure the reproducibility of results.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s12551-024-01242-1\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/93a743258054b04b978e150bdc370360d98c44ae\",\n \"result_position\": 9,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 85513433,\n \"title\": \"Stretch in Focus: 2D Inplane Cell Stretch Systems for Studies of Cardiac Mechano-Signaling\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"O. Friedrich\",\n \"Anna-Lena Merten\",\n \"D. Schneidereit\",\n \"Yang Guo\",\n \"Sebastian Schürmann\",\n \"B. Martinac\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Mechanobiology is a rapidly growing interdisciplinary research field, involving biophysics, molecular and cell biology, biomedical engineering, and medicine. Rapid progress has been possible due to emerging devices and tools engineered for studies of the effect of mechanical forces, such as stretch or shear force, impacting on biological cells and tissues. In response to such mechanical stimuli, cells possess various mechanosensors among which mechanosensitive ion channels are molecular transducers designed to convert mechanical stimuli into electrical and/or biochemical intracellular signals on millisecond time scales. To study their role in cellular signaling pathways, devices have been engineered that enable application of different strain protocols to cells allowing for determination of the stress-strain relationship or other, preferably optical, readouts. Frequently, these devices are mounted on fluorescence microscopes, allowing simultaneous investigation of cellular mechanotransduction processes combined with live-cell imaging. Mechanical stress in organs/tissues can be complex and multiaxial, e.g., in hollow organs, like lung alveoli, bladder, or the heart. Therefore, biomedical engineers have, in recent years, developed devices based on elastomeric membranes for application of biaxial or multiaxial stretch to 2D substrate-adhered or even 3D-embedded cells. Here, we review application of stretch technologies to cellular mechanotransduction with a focus on cardiovascular systems. We also present new results obtained by our IsoStretcher device to examine mechanosensitivity of adult ventricular cardiomyocytes. We show that sudden isotropic stretch of cardiomyocytes can already trigger arrhythmic Ca2+ transients on the single cell level.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fbioe.2019.00055\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/647e0abbcdd4809fe9164dcf5c1d8036bfae1f0d\",\n \"result_position\": 10,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 8646433,\n \"title\": \"Selective activation of mechanosensitive ion channels using magnetic particles\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of the Royal Society Interface\",\n \"year\": 2007,\n \"authors\": [\n \"S. Hughes\",\n \"S. McBain\",\n \"J. Dobson\",\n \"A. E. El Haj\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This study reports the preliminary development of a novel magnetic particle-based technique that permits the application of highly localized mechanical forces directly to specific regions of an ion-channel structure. We demonstrate that this approach can be used to directly and selectively activate a mechanosensitive ion channel of interest, namely TREK-1. It is shown that manipulation of particles targeted against the extended extracellular loop region of TREK-1 leads to changes in whole-cell currents consistent with changes in TREK-1 activity. Responses were absent when particles were coated with RGD (Arg–Gly–Asp) peptide or when magnetic fields were applied in the absence of magnetic particles. It is concluded that changes in whole-cell current are the result of direct force application to the extracellular loop region of TREK-1 and thus these results implicate this region of the channel structure in mechano-gating. It is hypothesized that the extended loop region of TREK-1 may act as a tension spring that acts to regulate sensitivity to mechanical forces, in a nature similar to that described for MscL. The development of a technique that permits the direct manipulation of mechanosensitive ion channels in real time without the need for pharmacological drugs has huge potential benefits not only for basic biological research of ion-channel gating mechanisms, but also potentially as a tool for the treatment of human diseases caused by ion-channel dysfunction.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1098/rsif.2007.1274\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/adc4935545dab2df6d81b289a2e3ed3e227df02f\",\n \"result_position\": 11,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 255220633,\n \"title\": \"Immunoregulatory Role of the Mechanosensitive Ion Channel Piezo1 in Inflammation and Cancer\",\n \"venue\": \"Molecules\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yuexin Wang\",\n \"Zhiyuan Zhang\",\n \"Qiuli Yang\",\n \"Yejin Cao\",\n \"Yingjie Dong\",\n \"Y. Bi\",\n \"Guangwei Liu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Piezo1 was originally identified as a mechanically activated, nonselective cation ion channel, with significant permeability to calcium ions, is evolutionally conserved, and is involved in the proliferation and development of various types of cells, in the context of various types of mechanical or innate stimuli. Recently, our study and work by others have reported that Piezo1 from all kinds of immune cells is involved in regulating many diseases, including infectious inflammation and cancer. This review summarizes the recent progress made in understanding the immunoregulatory role and mechanisms of the mechanical receptor Piezo1 in inflammation and cancer and provides new insight into the biological significance of Piezo1 in regulating immunity and tumors.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/molecules28010213\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7dd29c5c78d75262c48d04c36b9f053eab4af151\",\n \"result_position\": 12,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 269557721,\n \"title\": \"Morphomechanics: An Extended View\",\n \"venue\": \"Qeios\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Marta Linde\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Morphomechanics is based on the idea that living matter can mechanically self-organize into forms without the need for a pre-pattern, as recently supported by the physics of active matter. Here an extended view is proposed that integrates bioelectricity and differentiation waves as the mechanisms by which cells measure mechanical stress and couple morphogenesis and cell differentiation, respectively. Morphomechanics is a largely unexplored approach, which however could deeply transform our way of seeing nature.\\n\",\n \"doi\": \"10.32388/gitinn.2\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6eea4a86a95dc8bf649869043e2e774d220b073b\",\n \"result_position\": 13,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 244425194,\n \"title\": \"A survey of physical methods for studying nuclear mechanics and mechanobiology\",\n \"venue\": \"APL Bioengineering\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"C. Hobson\",\n \"M. Falvo\",\n \"R. Superfine\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"It is increasingly appreciated that the cell nucleus is not only a home for DNA but also a complex material that resists physical deformations and dynamically responds to external mechanical cues. The molecules that confer mechanical properties to nuclei certainly contribute to laminopathies and possibly contribute to cellular mechanotransduction and physical processes in cancer such as metastasis. Studying nuclear mechanics and the downstream biochemical consequences or their modulation requires a suite of complex assays for applying, measuring, and visualizing mechanical forces across diverse length, time, and force scales. Here, we review the current methods in nuclear mechanics and mechanobiology, placing specific emphasis on each of their unique advantages and limitations. Furthermore, we explore important considerations in selecting a new methodology as are demonstrated by recent examples from the literature. We conclude by providing an outlook on the development of new methods and the judicious use of the current techniques for continued exploration into the role of nuclear mechanobiology.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1063/5.0068126\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bb6d01ec39c318d25d62611798ad821b46a6b498\",\n \"result_position\": 14,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 268601276,\n \"title\": \"Integrative Approaches for Advancing Organoid Engineering: From Mechanobiology to Personalized Therapeutics\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Applied Artificial Intelligence\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Zarif Bin Akhtar\",\n \"A. Gupta\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This research manuscript aims to explore the integration of cutting-edge technologies in the field of organoid engineering for applications in personalized precision medicine. The research investigative exploration will delve into the multifaceted aspects of organoid research, incorporating mechanobiological modulation, ultrasound stimulation, and acoustofluidics to enhance the engineering of organoids. The focus will extend to the development of organoids-on-a-chip platforms with integrated biosensors, providing real-time monitoring capabilities for improved disease modeling and drug testing. Additionally, the manuscript will address the challenges and opportunities associated with large-scale manufacturing of organoids, emphasizing the scalability of regenerative medicine approaches. The proposed research will contribute to the advancement of 3D tissue models, micro physiological systems, and multi-organoid systems, offering a very comprehensive perspective on the potential of these systematic technologies in reshaping the landscape of personalized medicine.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.48185/jaai.v5i1.974\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f43f430739ed7b211fe46ee4313165ca8ae84d8b\",\n \"result_position\": 15,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 254688350,\n \"title\": \"Integrating mechanical sensor readouts into organ-on-a-chip platforms\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"I. Morales\",\n \"Christina-Marie Boghdady\",\n \"Benjamin E. Campbell\",\n \"C. Moraes\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Organs-on-a-chip have emerged as next-generation tissue engineered models to accurately capture realistic human tissue behaviour, thereby addressing many of the challenges associated with using animal models in research. Mechanical features of the culture environment have emerged as being critically important in designing organs-on-a-chip, as they play important roles in both stimulating realistic tissue formation and function, as well as capturing integrative elements of homeostasis, tissue function, and tissue degeneration in response to external insult and injury. Despite the demonstrated impact of incorporating mechanical cues in these models, strategies to measure these mechanical tissue features in microfluidically-compatible formats directly on-chip are relatively limited. In this review, we first describe general microfluidically-compatible Organs-on-a-chip sensing strategies, and categorize these advances based on the specific advantages of incorporating them on-chip. We then consider foundational and recent advances in mechanical analysis techniques spanning cellular to tissue length scales; and discuss their integration into Organs-on-a-chips for more effective drug screening, disease modeling, and characterization of biological dynamics.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fbioe.2022.1060895\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/663e1023de1bd64c4b3246a5b56bafedade82910\",\n \"result_position\": 16,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 254129584,\n \"title\": \"Editorial: Forces in biology - Cell and developmental mechanobiology and its implications in disease - Volume II\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Selwin K. Wu\",\n \"Guillermo A. Gomez\",\n \"Samantha J. Stehbens\",\n \"Bipul R. Acharya\",\n \"A. Ratheesh\",\n \"R. Priya\",\n \"A. Lagendijk\",\n \"A. Bershadsky\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia, Cell and Developmental Biology Division, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fcell.2022.1082857\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/303ade09ed8fece3bf9fb3b45681145571550974\",\n \"result_position\": 17,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 49208480,\n \"title\": \"Shear elegance: A novel screen uncovers a mechanosensitive GPCR\",\n \"venue\": \"The Journal of General Physiology\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"R. Lam\",\n \"A. Chesler\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Lam and Chesler highlight the recent discovery of a G protein–coupled receptor involved in detecting mechanical shear stress.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1085/jgp.201812101\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/192d03009054f0faaa8d7880e33dd10cb5d09bf0\",\n \"result_position\": 18,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 256423284,\n \"title\": \"Cell Nanomechanics Based on Dielectric Elastomer Actuator Device\",\n \"venue\": \"Nano-Micro Letters\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Zhichao Li\",\n \"Chao Gao\",\n \"Sisi Fan\",\n \"J. Zou\",\n \"G. Gu\",\n \"Mengming Michael Dong\",\n \"Jie Song\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The main components, principle, and technology of dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) were reviewed to illustrate that DEA can be an effective carrier for mechanobiology research. Comparison between DEA-based bioreactors and current commercial devices is provided, as well as the outlook of the DEA bio-applications in the future. The main components, principle, and technology of dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) were reviewed to illustrate that DEA can be an effective carrier for mechanobiology research. Comparison between DEA-based bioreactors and current commercial devices is provided, as well as the outlook of the DEA bio-applications in the future. As a frontier of biology, mechanobiology plays an important role in tissue and biomedical engineering. It is a common sense that mechanical cues under extracellular microenvironment affect a lot in regulating the behaviors of cells such as proliferation and gene expression, etc. In such an interdisciplinary field, engineering methods like the pneumatic and motor-driven devices have been employed for years. Nevertheless, such techniques usually rely on complex structures, which cost much but not so easy to control. Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) are well known as a kind of soft actuation technology, and their research prospect in biomechanical field is gradually concerned due to their properties just like large deformation (> 100%) and fast response (< 1 ms). In addition, DEAs are usually optically transparent and can be fabricated into small volume, which make them easy to cooperate with regular microscope to realize real-time dynamic imaging of cells. This paper first reviews the basic components, principle, and evaluation of DEAs and then overview some corresponding applications of DEAs for cellular mechanobiology research. We also provide a comparison between DEA-based bioreactors and current custom-built devices and share some opinions about their potential applications in the future according to widely reported results via other methods.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s40820-019-0331-8\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2ac9f501027a22d8dcb89d284015cc9b8882ccc5\",\n \"result_position\": 19,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 207962529,\n \"title\": \"Insight into Mechanobiology: How Stem Cells Feel Mechanical Forces and Orchestrate Biological Functions\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Molecular Sciences\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Chiara Argentati\",\n \"F. Morena\",\n \"Ilaria Tortorella\",\n \"M. Bazzucchi\",\n \"S. Porcellati\",\n \"C. Emiliani\",\n \"S. Martino\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The cross-talk between stem cells and their microenvironment has been shown to have a direct impact on stem cells’ decisions about proliferation, growth, migration, and differentiation. It is well known that stem cells, tissues, organs, and whole organisms change their internal architecture and composition in response to external physical stimuli, thanks to cells’ ability to sense mechanical signals and elicit selected biological functions. Likewise, stem cells play an active role in governing the composition and the architecture of their microenvironment. Is now being documented that, thanks to this dynamic relationship, stemness identity and stem cell functions are maintained. In this work, we review the current knowledge in mechanobiology on stem cells. We start with the description of theoretical basis of mechanobiology, continue with the effects of mechanical cues on stem cells, development, pathology, and regenerative medicine, and emphasize the contribution in the field of the development of ex-vivo mechanobiology modelling and computational tools, which allow for evaluating the role of forces on stem cell biology.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/ijms20215337\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f85ab79da5ab41b0e35716d05bf8a787c371d91f\",\n \"result_position\": 20,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 196610970,\n \"title\": \"Innovative Tools for Mechanobiology: Unraveling Outside-In and Inside-Out Mechanotransduction\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Danahe Mohammed\",\n \"Marie Versaevel\",\n \"Céline Bruyère\",\n \"L. Alaimo\",\n \"Marine Luciano\",\n \"Eléonore Vercruysse\",\n \"A. Procès\",\n \"S. Gabriele\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Cells and tissues can sense and react to the modifications of the physico-chemical properties of the extracellular environment (ECM) through integrin-based adhesion sites and adapt their physiological response in a process called mechanotransduction. Due to their critical localization at the cell-ECM interface, transmembrane integrins are mediators of bidirectional signaling, playing a key role in “outside-in” and “inside-out” signal transduction. After presenting the basic conceptual fundamentals related to cell mechanobiology, we review the current state-of-the-art technologies that facilitate the understanding of mechanotransduction signaling pathways. Finally, we highlight innovative technological developments that can help to advance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying nuclear mechanotransduction.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fbioe.2019.00162\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/278315ead49e4e38dfe34128bd19e3145f85108c\",\n \"result_position\": 21,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 206290858,\n \"title\": \"Receptor-mediated cell mechanosensing\",\n \"venue\": \"Molecular Biology of the Cell\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yunfeng Chen\",\n \"L. Ju\",\n \"M. Rushdi\",\n \"Chenghao Ge\",\n \"Cheng Zhu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Mechanosensing depicts the ability of a cell to sense mechanical cues, which under some circumstances is mediated by the surface receptors. In this review, a four-step model is described for receptor-mediated mechanosensing. Platelet GPIb, T-cell receptor, and integrins are used as examples to illustrate the key concepts and players in this process.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1091/mbc.E17-04-0228\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9e5cb47e749a05091371590fdb88af86a50d22f3\",\n \"result_position\": 22,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 257098815,\n \"title\": \"From tensegrity to human organs-on-chips: implications for mechanobiology and mechanotherapeutics\",\n \"venue\": \"Biochemical Journal\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"D. Ingber\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The field of mechanobiology, which focuses on the key role that physical forces play in control of biological systems, has grown enormously over the past few decades. Here, I provide a brief personal perspective on the development of the tensegrity theory that contributed to the emergence of the mechanobiology field, the key role that crossing disciplines has played in its development, and how it has matured over time. I also describe how pursuing questions relating to mechanochemical transduction and mechanoregulation can lead to the creation of novel technologies and open paths for development of new therapeutic strategies for a broad range of diseases and disorders.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1042/BCJ20220303\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/23d7043d9890829ae55d98246ecce48b66614e88\",\n \"result_position\": 23,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 18101043,\n \"title\": \"A hitchhiker's guide to mechanobiology.\",\n \"venue\": \"Developmental Cell\",\n \"year\": 2011,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Eyckmans\",\n \"T. Boudou\",\n \"Xiang Yu\",\n \"Christopher S. Chen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.devcel.2011.06.015\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/44fb788ee58ed0ab922e98843b8db4641f20e571\",\n \"result_position\": 24,\n \"is_clicked\": true\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 252770948,\n \"title\": \"Biochemical Pathways of Cellular Mechanosensing/Mechanotransduction and Their Role in Neurodegenerative Diseases Pathogenesis\",\n \"venue\": \"Cells\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ilaria Tortorella\",\n \"Chiara Argentati\",\n \"C. Emiliani\",\n \"F. Morena\",\n \"S. Martino\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In this review, we shed light on recent advances regarding the characterization of biochemical pathways of cellular mechanosensing and mechanotransduction with particular attention to their role in neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis. While the mechanistic components of these pathways are mostly uncovered today, the crosstalk between mechanical forces and soluble intracellular signaling is still not fully elucidated. Here, we recapitulate the general concepts of mechanobiology and the mechanisms that govern the mechanosensing and mechanotransduction processes, and we examine the crosstalk between mechanical stimuli and intracellular biochemical response, highlighting their effect on cellular organelles’ homeostasis and dysfunction. In particular, we discuss the current knowledge about the translation of mechanosignaling into biochemical signaling, focusing on those diseases that encompass metabolic accumulation of mutant proteins and have as primary characteristics the formation of pathological intracellular aggregates, such as Alzheimer’s Disease, Huntington’s Disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Parkinson’s Disease. Overall, recent findings elucidate how mechanosensing and mechanotransduction pathways may be crucial to understand the pathogenic mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative diseases and emphasize the importance of these pathways for identifying potential therapeutic targets.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/cells11193093\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cb2b1cd90cb104fb26af99138a202f055a14b243\",\n \"result_position\": 25,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 265439919,\n \"title\": \"Harnessing mechanobiology for kidney organoid research\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Zarina Nauryzgaliyeva\",\n \"Iphigénie Goux Corredera\",\n \"E. Garreta\",\n \"Núria Montserrat\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Recently, organoids have emerged as revolutionizing tools with the unprecedented potential to recreate organ-specific microanatomy in vitro. Upon their derivation from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), organoids reveal the blueprints of human organogenesis, further allowing the faithful recapitulation of their physiology. Nevertheless, along with the evolution of this field, advanced research exposed the organoids’ shortcomings, particularly regarding poor reproducibility rates and overall immatureness. To resolve these challenges, many studies have started to underscore the relevance of mechanical cues as a relevant source to induce and externally control hPSCs differentiation. Indeed, established organoid generation protocols from hPSCs have mainly relyed on the biochemical induction of fundamental signalling pathways present during kidney formation in mammals, whereas mechanical cues have largely been unexplored. This review aims to discuss the pertinence of (bio) physical cues within hPSCs-derived organoid cultures, while deciphering their effect on morphogenesis. Moreover, we will explore state-of-the-art mechanobiology techniques as revolutionizing means for understanding the underlying role of mechanical forces in biological processes in organoid model systems.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fcell.2023.1273923\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c1b67613037ac7e042cee6c64c3d1b7825293b13\",\n \"result_position\": 26,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 259150249,\n \"title\": \"Editorial: Mechanobiology at multiple scales\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yuhui Li\",\n \"Guang-Kui Xu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The significance of mechanical forces across multiple scales in biological systems cannot be understated. Understanding the impact of these forces on biological systems is essential for unraveling the complex interplay between mechanical stimuli and cellular responses. In addition, exploring the effects of mechanical forces at various scales provides valuable insights into either physiological or pathological conditions. Here, the aim of this Research Topic is dedicated to two points: 1) Highlighting the significance of mechanical forces across different scales of biological components. 2) Emphasizing the importance of recognizing the impact of mechanical forces not only in physiological conditions but also in pathological contexts, offering potential avenues for diagnostic and clinical advancements. At the nanoscale, the interaction between receptors and ligands is influenced by mechanical forces, dictating cellular signaling and behavior. One typical example is the cell-cell communication process, representing a quintessential example of a phenomenon encompassing multiple receptors and ligands at the nanoscale that are anchored to adjacent membranes. These processes are mediated by the specific binding of receptors and ligands that are anchored to adjacent membranes. Li’s laboratory has made noteworthy progress in studying mechanotransduction in this domain, focusing on three aspects: 1) proteinmembrane interactions, 2) single-molecule forces, and 3) bioelectrical microenvironments (An et al.). They reviewed recent progressive achievements in the field and concluded that the binding kinetics of proteins constitute a crucial parameter that guides intercellular and cell-cell communication. Furthermore, the influence of multi-scale coupling effects on binding affinity is expected to emerge as an important area of research in the future. At the microscale level, mechanical forces play a critical role in cell mechanics and motility. For example, Yang’s laboratory has introduced an innovative experimental technique complemented by a corresponding computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model intended to investigate cell mechanics under dynamic loading conditions (Xu et al.). By applying Water-Hammer theories, they successfully evaluate and simulate the exerted stress on individual cells. This pioneering approach harmoniously merges microfluidic chips with a projectile pump, yielding insightful outcomes. This microfluidic-based methodology establishes a novel instrument for probing the dynamic mechanical properties of cells, presenting a fresh perspective for further exploration in this field. In another case, Zhou’s laboratory has presented a noteworthy investigation detailing OPEN ACCESS\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fbioe.2023.1226198\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5c8e73f31a456a753af9808410ab2e26ab0334cc\",\n \"result_position\": 27,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 248542312,\n \"title\": \"Interdisciplinarity and mechanobiology\",\n \"venue\": \"iScience\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"D. Ingber\",\n \"D. Di Carlo\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Cells in living tissues and organs continually sense and respond to both external mechanical stimuli and internal forces generated by other cells inside our bodies, and this phenomenon has become increasingly recognized as a key driver of physiological, developmental, and disease processes. Pursuit of the mecha-nisms that underlie these processes led to the emergence of the field of mechanobiology, which is an extremely interdisciplinary field of research at the interface between biology, physics, material science, and bioengineering. Researchers have been focusing on elucidating how cells sense and transduce mechanical forces, how changes in the mechanical properties of cells influence their behaviors, and how physical forces influence normal and diseased tissue development and function. Mechanobiology principles have been also applied to biomedical issues, and novel tools developed to explore these physical phenom-ena have helped to pave the way for the development of point-of-care diagnostics and the discovery of new mechanoresponsive therapies. In the iScience and Mechanobiology,\\\" we highlight the latest advances in engineered microsystems employed to address major questions in mechanobiology and mechanomedicine.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.isci.2022.104187\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3bbc21f5da95764164d82da0bae23755f0fe3924\",\n \"result_position\": 28,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 273347913,\n \"title\": \"Force versus Response: Methods for Activating and Characterizing Mechanosensitive Ion Channels and GPCRs\",\n \"venue\": \"Advanced Healthcare Materials\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Renate M A Roeterink\",\n \"Xevi Casadevall I Solvas\",\n \"D. Collins\",\n \"Daniel J Scott\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Mechanotransduction is the process whereby cells convert mechanical signals into electrochemical responses, where mechanosensitive proteins mediate this interaction. To characterize these critical proteins, numerous techniques have been developed that apply forces and measure the subsequent cellular responses. While these approaches have given insight into specific aspects of many such proteins, subsequent validation and cross‐comparison between techniques remain difficult given significant variations in reported activation thresholds and responses for the same protein across different studies. Accurately determining mechanosensitivity responses for various proteins, however, is essential for understanding mechanotransduction and potential physiological implications, including therapeutics. This critical review provides an assessment of current and emerging approaches used for mechanosensitive ion channel and G‐Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) stimulation and measurement, with a specific focus on the ability to quantitatively measure mechanosensitive responses.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1002/adhm.202402167\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/edd15b19e630ce3ef9b37b930f90464321f43245\",\n \"result_position\": 29,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 231625551,\n \"title\": \"Mechanobiology in cardiology: Micro‐ and nanotechnologies to probe mechanosignaling\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Sharda Yadav\",\n \"H. Ta\",\n \"Nam-Trung Nguyen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The past few decades have shown significant growth in the study of mechanical effects on cellular properties. Novel methods and techniques had been developed to analyze the changes in the biophysical and biomechanical properties of cells. Recently, it has been reported that interaction between the external environment and cardiomyocytes would be essential for the function of the heart due to the importance of mechanical signaling. Physical forces play a major role in the development of cardiovascular disease. In this mini review, we discuss recent advances in technology for probing mechanobiology signals from the cardiac tissue and focus on the unmet needs and challenges to completely understand the mechanobiology of cardiac tissues.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1002/VIW.20200080\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ca6ba9f23b2971adc6d08aa7e2f00a9a45e7c2d6\",\n \"result_position\": 30,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 256443917,\n \"title\": \"Mechanosensitive Ion Channels and Their Role in Cancer Cells\",\n \"venue\": \"Membranes\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Julia Karska\",\n \"Szymon Kowalski\",\n \"J. Saczko\",\n \"M. Moisescu\",\n \"J. Kulbacka\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Mechanical forces are an inherent element in the world around us. The effects of their action can be observed both on the macro and molecular levels. They can also play a prominent role in the tissues and cells of animals due to the presence of mechanosensitive ion channels (MIChs) such as the Piezo and TRP families. They are essential in many physiological processes in the human body. However, their role in pathology has also been observed. Recent discoveries have highlighted the relationship between these channels and the development of malignant tumors. Multiple studies have shown that MIChs mediate the proliferation, migration, and invasion of various cancer cells via various mechanisms. This could show MIChs as new potential biomarkers in cancer detection and prognosis and interesting therapeutic targets in modern oncology. Our paper is a review of the latest literature on the role of the Piezo1 and TRP families in the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis in different types of cancer.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/membranes13020167\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ad87d7c87415d497d9ac917d226eb88511a48e8c\",\n \"result_position\": 31,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 234745256,\n \"title\": \"Mechanosensitive ion channels in cell migration\",\n \"venue\": \"Cells and Development\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Brenda Canales Coutiño\",\n \"R. Mayor\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Cellular processes are initiated and regulated by different stimuli, including mechanical forces. Cell membrane mechanosensors represent the first step towards the conversion of mechanical stimuli to a biochemical or electrical response. Mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels form a growing family of ion gating channels that respond to direct physical force or plasma membrane deformations. A number of calcium (Ca2+) permeable MS channels are known to regulate the initiation, direction, and persistence of cell migration during development and tumour progression. While the evidence that links individual MS ion channels to cell migration is growing, a unified analysis of the molecular mechanisms regulated downstream of MS ion channel activation is lacking. In this review, we describe the MS ion channel families known to regulate cell migration. We discuss the molecular mechanisms that act downstream of MS ion channels with an emphasis on Ca2+ mediated processes. Finally, we propose the future directions and impact of MS ion channel activity in the field of cell migration.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.cdev.2021.203683\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9670f91bf382d28f38ae48147883c9dd7fa1f0a9\",\n \"result_position\": 32,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 208842609,\n \"title\": \"Mechanobiology Journal—Welcome Editorial\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"C. Simon\",\n \"Rawlinson\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"It is with the greatest pleasure that I have the opportunity to write the first editorial of the Mechanobiology Journal. It is hoped that the successful establishment of a journal dedicated to the field of mechanobiology, along with allied areas, will impact on the studies of researchers from other fields in which mechanobiology has not been considered as a regulator of biology in their particular theme. Many cells and tissues are subjected to mechanical forces which will exact a biological response; these can determine cellular behaviour, but will also modulate the response to chemical signalling. Indeed, the reverse can also be true, that is chemical signals influencing the degree of the mechanical response. Dysregulation of either could lead to a disease status. Mechanobiology refers to the study of how cells, which are subjected to exogenous or endogenous forces in their local environment, transduce these forces into a biological response. Such responses are dependent on a functioning dynamic intracellular 3D cytoskeletal complex and interaction with cell membrane. Implicit with this is a property to sense a changing environment. The primary cilium, a projection originating from a cell, can act as a mechano-sensory organelle. Cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions have a major impact on how cells respond in any given scenario. Mechanical deformation of the cell membrane can activate mechanosensitive channels, and is dependent of the surface on which a cell resides. Can manufactured substrates help to induce a beneficial response? Can we reproduce a mechanobiology-generated response chemically? Thus, with the combination of mechanobiology studies and material sciences, coordinated methodologies can be developed to prevent or combat disease and offer potential clues for regenerative medicine. Such a dedicated journal will offer space to promote, explore, and exploit the potential of mechanobiology in generating therapeutic outcomes. These will be disseminated to a wider audience, following scrutiny and review from members of the scientific community appreciative of the nuances of the mechanical environment. The journal will provide a platform for researchers to report findings on biological systems subject to mechanical stimuli, and the integration of chemical, material cues for the greater understanding of human and animal physiology, microbiology, and agriculture, and arboriculture. The journal will not shy from, but will not court, controversy; it will act as a forum for new ideas and will encourage debate. By this mechanism, providing proof to support or refute an argument, qualified progress can be made. The Mechanobiology Journal invites manuscripts from all fields of biology, and indeed materials science, with the condition that the central focus is on biological regulation of cells, tissues, and microbes at the mechanical level. The remit is broad and will also welcome articles covering the development of novel experimental devices to examine cellular behaviour and in silico reports. Original manuscripts are expected to provide a clear contribution to advances in in silico, in vitro, and in vivo research of mechanobiology. Reviews are encouraged in all areas of mechanobiology and may focus on any topic presented within the scope of the journal. Reviews would be expected to be a comprehensive exposition of the literature, with a critical appraisal of recent work, and insight into future studies, outcomes or concerns. The Editorial Board will endeavour to assist the promotion of mechanobiology-based discoveries and their integration with animal and plant tissue engineering, therapies, and regenerative medicine. We particularly encourage the submission of articles which have the potential to challenge our understanding of cellular behaviour when mechanobiology is at the forefront of the study.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.32371/mbj/236079\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/819f032b8c8a1e2749cec0192f7e7788f99f0ff8\",\n \"result_position\": 33,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 3753583,\n \"title\": \"Key developments that impacted the field of mechanobiology and mechanotransduction\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Orthopaedic Research\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Wall\",\n \"D. Butler\",\n \"A. E. El Haj\",\n \"J. Bodle\",\n \"E. Loboa\",\n \"A. Banes\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1002/jor.23707\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e72c3993c2808077d35fb8e4cdb0ab7241edbedb\",\n \"result_position\": 34,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 252859575,\n \"title\": \"Mechanosensitive Ion Channel PIEZO1 Signaling in the Hall-Marks of Cancer: Structure and Functions\",\n \"venue\": \"Cancers\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Fuqiang Zhao\",\n \"Lei Zhang\",\n \"M. Wei\",\n \"Wei Duan\",\n \"Shourong Wu\",\n \"Vivi Kasim\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Simple Summary Tumor cells obtain various unique characteristics, which known as hallmarks of cancers, including sustained proliferative signaling, apoptosis resistance, and metastasis. These characteristics are crucial for tumor cells survival and for supporting their rapid growth. Studies have revealed that tumorigenesis is also accompanied by alteration in mechanical properties. Tumor cells could sense various mechanical forces, such as compressive force, shear stress, and portal vein pressure, which in turn could affect tumor progression. Piezo1 is a mechanically sensitive ion channel protein that can be activated mechanically, and is closely related to various diseases. Recent studies showed that Piezo1 is overexpressed in numerous tumors and is associated with poor prognosis. Furthermore, previous studies revealed that Piezo1 mediates these cancer hallmarks, and thus links up mechanical forces with tumor progression. Therefore, the discovery of Piezo1 provides a new insight for elucidating the mechanism of tumor progression under a mechanical microenvironment. Abstract Tumor cells alter their characteristics and behaviors during tumorigenesis. These characteristics, known as hallmarks of cancer, are crucial for supporting their rapid growth, need for energy, and adaptation to tumor microenvironment. Tumorigenesis is also accompanied by alteration in mechanical properties. Cells in tumor tissue sense mechanical signals from the tumor microenvironment, which consequently drive the acquisition of hallmarks of cancer, including sustained proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, apoptosis resistance, sustained angiogenesis, metastasis, and immune evasion. Piezo-type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1 (Piezo1) is a mechanically sensitive ion channel protein that can be activated mechanically and is closely related to various diseases. Recent studies showed that Piezo1 mediates tumor development through multiple mechanisms, and its overexpression is associated with poor prognosis. Therefore, the discovery of Piezo1, which links-up physical factors with biological properties, provides a new insight for elucidating the mechanism of tumor progression under a mechanical microenvironment, and suggests its potential application as a tumor marker and therapeutic target. In this review, we summarize current knowledge regarding the role of Piezo1 in regulating cancer hallmarks and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of Piezo1 as an antitumor therapeutic target and the limitations that need to be overcome.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/cancers14194955\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bf9a9a38976f8769853a6fc0d4a81909ebba0848\",\n \"result_position\": 35,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 237328037,\n \"title\": \"How Mechanical Forces Change the Human Endometrium during the Menstrual Cycle in Preparation for Embryo Implantation\",\n \"venue\": \"Cells\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Anna K Sternberg\",\n \"Volker U. Buck\",\n \"I. Classen-Linke\",\n \"R. Leube\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The human endometrium is characterized by exceptional plasticity, as evidenced by rapid growth and differentiation during the menstrual cycle and fast tissue remodeling during early pregnancy. Past work has rarely addressed the role of cellular mechanics in these processes. It is becoming increasingly clear that sensing and responding to mechanical forces are as significant for cell behavior as biochemical signaling. Here, we provide an overview of experimental evidence and concepts that illustrate how mechanical forces influence endometrial cell behavior during the hormone-driven menstrual cycle and prepare the endometrium for embryo implantation. Given the fundamental species differences during implantation, we restrict the review to the human situation. Novel technologies and devices such as 3D multifrequency magnetic resonance elastography, atomic force microscopy, organ-on-a-chip microfluidic systems, stem-cell-derived organoid formation, and complex 3D co-culture systems have propelled the understanding how endometrial receptivity and blastocyst implantation are regulated in the human uterus. Accumulating evidence has shown that junctional adhesion, cytoskeletal rearrangement, and extracellular matrix stiffness affect the local force balance that regulates endometrial differentiation and blastocyst invasion. A focus of this review is on the hormonal regulation of endometrial epithelial cell mechanics. We discuss potential implications for embryo implantation.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/cells10082008\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b0434d5ce9ff983f820cd01cc7391d66307ad4be\",\n \"result_position\": 36,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 21267494,\n \"title\": \"Cellular mechanotransduction: putting all the pieces together again\",\n \"venue\": \"The FASEB Journal\",\n \"year\": 2006,\n \"authors\": [\n \"D. Ingber\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1096/fj.05-5424rev\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/26c95b7b23d91b80fcbc4a18347d802301ef5a98\",\n \"result_position\": 37,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 256484783,\n \"title\": \"Mechanosensitive ion channels in apoptosis and ferroptosis: focusing on the role of Piezo1\",\n \"venue\": \"BMB Reports\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yong‐Jae Kim\",\n \"Jeongeun Hyun\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Mechanosensitive ion channels sense mechanical stimuli applied directly to the cellular membranes or indirectly through their tethered components, provoking cellular mechanoresponses. Among others, Piezo1 mechanosensitive ion channel is a relatively novel Ca2+-permeable channel that is primarily present in non-sensory tissues. Recent studies have demonstrated that Piezo1 plays an important role in Ca2+-dependent cell death, including apoptosis and ferroptosis, in the presence of mechanical stimuli. It has also been proven that cancer cells are sensitive to mechanical stresses due to higher expression levels of Piezo1 compared to normal cells. In this review, we discuss Piezo1-mediated cell death mechanisms and therapeutic strategies to inhibit or induce cell death by modulating the activity of Piezo1 with pharmacological drugs or mechanical perturbations induced by stretch and ultrasound.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5483/BMBRep.2023-0002\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d237c79e43a27933d52adf0494f07586f7c9919d\",\n \"result_position\": 38,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 271147711,\n \"title\": \"Mechanobiology in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Obesity\",\n \"venue\": \"Current Issues in Molecular Biology\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Emily L. Rudolph\",\n \"LiKang Chin\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"With the ongoing obesity epidemic, the prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is expected to rise and necessitates a greater understanding of how the disease proceeds from benign excess lipid in hepatocytes to liver fibrosis and eventually to liver cancer. MASLD is caused, at least in part, by hepatocytes’ storage of free fatty acids (FAs) that dysfunctional adipocytes are no longer able to store, and therefore, MASLD is a disease that involves both the liver and adipose tissues. The disease progression is not only facilitated by biochemical signals, but also by mechanical cues such as the increase in stiffness often seen with fibrotic fatty livers. The change in stiffness and accumulation of excess lipid droplets impact the ability of a cell to mechanosense and mechanotranduce, which perpetuates the disease. A mechanosensitive protein that is largely unexplored and could serve as a potential therapeutic target is the intermediate filament vimentin. In this review, we briefly summarize the recent research on hepatocyte and adipocyte mechanobiology and provide a synopsis of studies on the varied, and sometimes contradictory, roles of vimentin. This review is intended to benefit and encourage future studies on hepatocyte and adipocyte mechanobiology in the context of MASLD and obesity.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/cimb46070425\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e65ec15f1a970cd1e51e675ee2d59b58b97056c3\",\n \"result_position\": 39,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 91256836,\n \"title\": \"Deformation Microscopy for Dynamic Intracellular and Intranuclear Mapping of Mechanics with High Spatiotemporal Resolution\",\n \"venue\": \"bioRxiv\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Soham Ghosh\",\n \"B. Seelbinder\",\n \"Jonathan T. Henderson\",\n \"Ryan D. Watts\",\n \"A. Veress\",\n \"C. Neu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Structural heterogeneity is a hallmark of living cells and nuclei that drives local mechanical properties and dynamic cellular responses, including adhesion, gene expression, and differentiation. However, robust quantification of intracellular or intranuclear mechanics are lacking from conventional methods. Here, we describe new development of deformation microscopy that leverages conventional imaging and an automated hyperelastic warping algorithm to investigate strain history, deformation dynamics, and changes in structural heterogeneity within the interior of cells and nuclei. Using deformation microscopy, we found that tensile loading modes dominated intranuclear architectural dynamics in cardiomyocytes in vitro or myocytes in vivo, which was compromised by disruption of LINC complex molecule nesprin-3 or Lamin A/C, respectively. We also found that cells cultured on stiff substrates or in hyperosmotic conditions displayed abnormal strain burden and asymmetries compared to controls at interchromatin regions where active translation was expected. Deformation microscopy represents a foundational approach toward intracellular elastography, with potential utility to provide new mechanistic and quantitative insights in diverse mechanobiological applications.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.009\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f6ea7a6c8d34c07eeba149a43e960d6251851476\",\n \"result_position\": 40,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 258428212,\n \"title\": \"Appetizer on soft matter physics concepts in mechanobiology\",\n \"venue\": \"Development, Growth and Differentiation\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Yuting Lou\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Mechanosensing, the active responses of cells to the mechanics on multiple scales, plays an indispensable role in regulating cell behaviors and determining the fate of biological entities such as tissues and organs. Here, I aim to give a pedagogical illustration of the fundamental concepts of soft matter physics that aid in understanding biomechanical phenomena from the scale of tissues to proteins. Examples of up‐to‐date research are introduced to elaborate these concepts. Challenges in applying physics models to biology have also been discussed for biologists and physicists to meet in the field of mechanobiology.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1111/dgd.12853\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/499fae15249232d9a75980e7e05696b873e46784\",\n \"result_position\": 41,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 220697122,\n \"title\": \"Editorial introduction\",\n \"venue\": \"Molecular Biology of the Cell\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Yap\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Welcome to this Fourth Special Issue of Molecular Biology of the Cell on Forces on and within Cells. As with our other Special Issues, the journal’s goal here is to focus attention on a major new direction in cell biology. In this case, it is the field of mechanobiology, which endeavours, broadly, to understand how mechanical forces are harnessed to drive cellular function and how force can also be a mode of biological information that regulates cell behavior. The collection of papers that we have in this issue reflects many current efforts to address these questions. While each of these papers is a distinct creative effort of its authors, I would like to draw your attention to a number of themes that emerge across these diverse studies.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1091/mbc.E20-06-0414\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ae8bbacb8c9455c04ee73868896731431908208a\",\n \"result_position\": 42,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 247363839,\n \"title\": \"Focusing on Mechanoregulation Axis in Fibrosis: Sensing, Transduction and Effecting\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Dongsheng Wen\",\n \"Ya Gao\",\n \"Chiakang Ho\",\n \"Li Yu\",\n \"Yuguang Zhang\",\n \"G. Lyu\",\n \"D. Hu\",\n \"Qingfeng Li\",\n \"Yifan Zhang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Fibrosis, a pathologic process featured by the excessive deposition of connective tissue components, can affect virtually every organ and has no satisfactory therapy yet. Fibrotic diseases are often associated with organ dysfunction which leads to high morbidity and mortality. Biomechanical stmuli and the corresponding cellular response havebeen identified in fibrogenesis, as the fibrotic remodeling could be seen as the incapacity to reestablish mechanical homeostasis: along with extracellular matrix accumulating, the physical property became more “stiff” and could in turn induce fibrosis. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of mechanoregulation in fibrosis, from initialing cellular mechanosensing to intracellular mechanotransduction and processing, and ends up in mechanoeffecting. Our contents are not limited to the cellular mechanism, but further expand to the disorders involved and current clinical trials, providing an insight into the disease and hopefully inspiring new approaches for the treatment of tissue fibrosis.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fmolb.2022.804680\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bca18f7ed919191221ff2b77e6b649bb74c03d11\",\n \"result_position\": 43,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 277198290,\n \"title\": \"Near-Infrared Light-Controlled Dynamic Hydrogel for Modulating Mechanosensitive Ion Channels in 3-Dimensional Environment\",\n \"venue\": \"Biomaterials Research\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Xiaoning Liu\",\n \"Zimeng Zhang\",\n \"Zhanshuo Cao\",\n \"Hongbo Yuan\",\n \"Chengfen Xing\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The extracellular matrix (ECM) creates a dynamic mechanical environment for cellular functions, continuously influencing cellular activities via the mechanotransduction pathway. Mechanosensitive ion channels, recently identified as key mechanotransducers, convert mechanical stimuli into electrical or chemical signals when they detect membrane deformation. This process facilitates extracellular Ca2+ influx, cytoskeletal reorganization, and transcriptional regulation, all of which are essential for cellular physiological functions. In this study, we developed a fibrous hydrogel composite (PIC/OEG-NPs) with near-infrared (NIR) light-controlled dynamic mechanical properties to modulate mechanosensitive ion channels in cells, by using oligo-ethylene glycol (OEG)-assembled polyisocyanide (PIC) polymer and OEG-grafted conjugated polymer nanoparticles (OEG-NPs). PIC and OEG-NPs assemble into PIC/OEG-NPs composites through OEG-mediated hydrophobic interactions when heated. Under NIR stimulation, the PIC/OEG-NPs composites exhibit increased mechanical tension and form tighter fibrous networks due to their thermoresponsive behavior. These changes are reversible and allow for the dynamic regulation of mechanosensitive ion channels, including Piezo1 in transfected HEK-293T cells and the endogenous TRPV4 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), by switching NIR on and off. Furthermore, this process enhances the angiogenic potential of HUVECs. In summary, we present a simple and effective platform for in situ modulation of mechanosensitive ion channels in 3 dimensions.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.34133/bmr.0182\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d5074f8393d2de00025117f46facd467b8754a89\",\n \"result_position\": 44,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 274200006,\n \"title\": \"Immunomechanobiology: Engineering the Activation and Function of Immune Cells With the Mechanical Signal of Fluid Shear Stress\",\n \"venue\": \"IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Sarna N S\",\n \"Curry N M\",\n \"A. E\",\n \"Kaufman B G\",\n \"King M R\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Immunomechanobiology, the study of how physical forces influence the behavior and function of immune cells, is a rapidly growing area of research. It is becoming increasingly recognized that mechanical stimuli, such as fluid shear forces, are a critical determinant of immune cell regulation. In this review, we discuss the principles and significance of various mechanical forces present within the human body, with a focus on fluid shear flow and its impact on immune cell activation and function. Moreover, we discuss engineering approaches used to study immune cell mechanobiology, and their implications in health and diseases such as cancer, autoimmune disorders, and infectious disease.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1109/RBME.2024.3505073\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ca2a8e19f531bbf289e037fa974029825afcb891\",\n \"result_position\": 45,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 235715087,\n \"title\": \"Mechanobiology: A New Frontier in Biology\",\n \"venue\": \"Biology\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Tae-Jin Kim\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"As we observe an increase in muscle mass by lifting weights or a significant mass loss in musculoskeletal tissues of astronauts returning after a stay in space, we note the manifestation of the mechanism of mechanotransduction that is central to mechanobiology [...].\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/biology10070570\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2dd77a3ead865ef2705bfb9f0fd07a160fe51ac1\",\n \"result_position\": 46,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 268188218,\n \"title\": \"Life under tension: the relevance of force on biological polymers\",\n \"venue\": \"Biophysics Reports\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Matthew T. J. Halma\",\n \"Longfu Xu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Optical tweezers have elucidated numerous biological processes, particularly by enabling the precise manipulation and measurement of tension. One question concerns the biological relevance of these experiments and the generalizability of these experiments to wider biological systems. Here, we categorize the applicability of the information garnered from optical tweezers in two distinct categories: the direct relevance of tension in biological systems, and what experiments under tension can tell us about biological systems, while these systems do not reach the same tension as the experiment, still, these artificial experimental systems reveal insights into the operations of biological machines and life processes.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.52601/bpr.2023.230019\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4d63929506ee14e4916811261a035ccdff9c2f27\",\n \"result_position\": 47,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 35098968,\n \"title\": \"Why mechanobiology? A survey article.\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Biomechanics\",\n \"year\": 2002,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. V. D. van der Meulen\",\n \"R. Huiskes\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/S0021-9290(01)00184-1\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e8ed272b741929efb7bccbec606772c22a0a27db\",\n \"result_position\": 48,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 245342256,\n \"title\": \"Biophysical Approaches for Applying and Measuring Biological Forces\",\n \"venue\": \"Advancement of science\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Wenxu Sun\",\n \"Xiang Gao\",\n \"Hai Lei\",\n \"Wen Wang\",\n \"Yi Cao\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Over the past decades, increasing evidence has indicated that mechanical loads can regulate the morphogenesis, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of living cells. Investigations of how cells sense mechanical stimuli or the mechanotransduction mechanism is an active field of biomaterials and biophysics. Gaining a further understanding of mechanical regulation and depicting the mechanotransduction network inside cells require advanced experimental techniques and new theories. In this review, the fundamental principles of various experimental approaches that have been developed to characterize various types and magnitudes of forces experienced at the cellular and subcellular levels are summarized. The broad applications of these techniques are introduced with an emphasis on the difficulties in implementing these techniques in special biological systems. The advantages and disadvantages of each technique are discussed, which can guide readers to choose the most suitable technique for their questions. A perspective on future directions in this field is also provided. It is anticipated that technical advancement can be a driving force for the development of mechanobiology.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1002/advs.202105254\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/325b51869caef73e3dde016d920c2b588f1172bf\",\n \"result_position\": 49,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 277327246,\n \"title\": \"The mechanobiology of biomolecular condensates\",\n \"venue\": \"Biophysical Reviews\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Neus Sanfeliu-Cerdán\",\n \"Michael Krieg\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The central goal of mechanobiology is to understand how the mechanical forces and material properties of organelles, cells, and tissues influence biological processes and functions. Since the first description of biomolecular condensates, it was hypothesized that they obtain material properties that are tuned to their functions inside cells. Thus, they represent an intriguing playground for mechanobiology. The idea that biomolecular condensates exhibit diverse and adaptive material properties highlights the need to understand how different material states respond to external forces and whether these responses are linked to their physiological roles within the cell. For example, liquids buffer and dissipate, while solids store and transmit mechanical stress, and the relaxation time of a viscoelastic material can act as a mechanical frequency filter. Hence, a liquid–solid transition of a condensate in the force transmission pathway can determine how mechanical signals are transduced within and in-between cells, affecting differentiation, neuronal network dynamics, and behavior to external stimuli. Here, we first review our current understanding of the molecular drivers and how rigidity phase transitions are set forth in the complex cellular environment. We will then summarize the technical advancements that were necessary to obtain insights into the rich and fascinating mechanobiology of condensates, and finally, we will highlight recent examples of physiological liquid–solid transitions and their connection to specific cellular functions. Our goal is to provide a comprehensive summary of the field on how cells harness and regulate condensate mechanics to achieve specific functions.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1063/5.0236610\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e4aaf62dfd6dceadcd74ba0bea085649b2735d9a\",\n \"result_position\": 50,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 52943175,\n \"title\": \"Small Force, Big Impact: Next Generation Organ-on-a-Chip Systems Incorporating Biomechanical Cues\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Physiology\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ece Ergir\",\n \"B. Bachmann\",\n \"H. Redl\",\n \"G. Forte\",\n \"P. Ertl\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Mechanobiology-on-a-chip is a growing field focusing on how mechanical inputs modulate physico-chemical output in microphysiological systems. It is well known that biomechanical cues trigger a variety of molecular events and adjustment of mechanical forces is therefore essential for mimicking in vivo physiologies in organ-on-a-chip technology. Biomechanical inputs in organ-on-a-chip systems can range from variations in extracellular matrix type and stiffness and applied shear stresses to active stretch/strain or compression forces using integrated flexible membranes. The main advantages of these organ-on-a-chip systems are therefore (a) the control over spatiotemporal organization of in vivo-like tissue architectures, (b) the ability to precisely control the amount, duration and intensity of the biomechanical stimuli, and (c) the capability of monitoring in real time the effects of applied mechanical forces on cell, tissue and organ functions. Consequently, over the last decade a variety of microfluidic devices have been introduced to recreate physiological microenvironments that also account for the influence of physical forces on biological functions. In this review we present recent advances in mechanobiological lab-on-a-chip systems and report on lessons learned from these current mechanobiological models. Additionally, future developments needed to engineer next-generation physiological and pathological organ-on-a-chip models are discussed.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fphys.2018.01417\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0a989f175b152c3b9df6f86a9e2da4c631d4780a\",\n \"result_position\": 51,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 247473505,\n \"title\": \"Intrinsically disordered intracellular domains control key features of the mechanically-gated ion channel PIEZO2\",\n \"venue\": \"Nature Communications\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Clement Verkest\",\n \"Irina Schaefer\",\n \"T. Nees\",\n \"Na Wang\",\n \"Juri M. Jegelka\",\n \"F. J. Taberner\",\n \"S. G. Lechner\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"A central question in mechanobiology is how mechanical forces acting in or on cells are transmitted to mechanically-gated PIEZO channels that convert these forces into biochemical signals. Here we examined the role of the intracellular domains of PIEZO2, which account for 25% of the channel, and demonstrate that these domains fine-tune properties such as poking and stretch-sensitivity, velocity coding and single channel conductance. Moreover, we show that the intrinsically disordered linker between the transmembrane helices twelve and thirteen (IDR5) is required for the activation of PIEZO2 by cytoskeleton-transmitted forces. The deletion of IDR5 abolishes PIEZO2-mediated inhibition of neurite outgrowth, while it only partially affected its sensitivity to cell indentation and does not alter its stretch sensitivity. Thus, we propose that PIEZO2 is a polymodal mechanosensor that detects different types of mechanical stimuli via different force transmission pathways, which highlights the importance of utilizing multiple complementary assays when investigating PIEZO function. A key question in mechanobiology is how mechanical forces are transmitted to PIEZO ion channels. Here, Verkest et al. identify an intracellular channel domain that is required for the activation of PIEZO2 by cytoskeleton-transmitted forces.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s41467-022-28974-6\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/efd3a9586eed676fcc06ecd0feab0a1f4372fb85\",\n \"result_position\": 52,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 258651503,\n \"title\": \"Mechanobiology in Cells and Tissues\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Molecular Sciences\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"S. Martino\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This Editorial is a comment on the success of the Special Issue \\\"Mechanobiology in Cells and Tissues\\\" published in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences [...].\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/ijms24108564\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e660fa947bd52e2d1979b919c928a3e89d01d07f\",\n \"result_position\": 53,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 272299953,\n \"title\": \"Shaping the immune landscape: Multidimensional environmental stimuli refine macrophage polarization and foster revolutionary approaches in tissue regeneration\",\n \"venue\": \"Heliyon\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Jing-Dong Xue\",\n \"Jing-Jing Gao\",\n \"Chao Feng\",\n \"Deng‐Long Wu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In immunology, the role of macrophages extends far beyond their traditional classification as mere phagocytes; they emerge as pivotal architects of the immune response, with their function being significantly influenced by multidimensional environmental stimuli. This review investigates the nuanced mechanisms by which diverse external signals ranging from chemical cues to physical stress orchestrate macrophage polarization, a process that is crucial for the modulation of immune responses. By transitioning between pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) states, macrophages exhibit remarkable plasticity, enabling them to adapt to and influence their surroundings effectively. The exploration of macrophage polarization provides a compelling narrative on how these cells can be manipulated to foster an immune environment conducive to tissue repair and regeneration. Highlighting cutting-edge research, this review presents innovative strategies that leverage the dynamic interplay between macrophages and their environment, proposing novel therapeutic avenues that harness the potential of macrophages in regenerative medicine. Moreover, this review critically evaluates the current challenges and future prospects of translating macrophage-centered strategies from the laboratory to clinical applications.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37192\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/18350bb01eab81bdc208ad94f6788da3db1a6c16\",\n \"result_position\": 54,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 239673900,\n \"title\": \"Reprint of: Mechanosensitive ion channels in cell migration.\",\n \"venue\": \"Cells and Development\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Brenda Canales Coutiño\",\n \"R. Mayor\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Cellular processes are initiated and regulated by different stimuli, including mechanical forces. Cell membrane mechanosensors represent the first step towards the conversion of mechanical stimuli to a biochemical or electrical response. Mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels form a growing family of ion gating channels that respond to direct physical force or plasma membrane deformations. A number of calcium (Ca2+) permeable MS channels are known to regulate the initiation, direction, and persistence of cell migration during development and tumour progression. While the evidence that links individual MS ion channels to cell migration is growing, a unified analysis of the molecular mechanisms regulated downstream of MS ion channel activation is lacking. In this review, we describe the MS ion channel families known to regulate cell migration. We discuss the molecular mechanisms that act downstream of MS ion channels with an emphasis on Ca2+ mediated processes. Finally, we propose the future directions and impact of MS ion channel activity in the field of cell migration.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.cdev.2021.203730\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0030dedc744ee2b538a469b09c9d80849631bd05\",\n \"result_position\": 55,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 201098671,\n \"title\": \"A Toolbox for Organelle Mechanobiology Research—Current Needs and Challenges\",\n \"venue\": \"Micromachines\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Qian Feng\",\n \"Sung Sik Lee\",\n \"Benoît Kornmann\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Mechanobiology studies from the last decades have brought significant insights into many domains of biological research, from development to cellular signaling. However, mechano-regulation of subcellular components, especially membranous organelles, are only beginning to be unraveled. In this paper, we take mitochondrial mechanobiology as an example to discuss recent advances and current technical challenges in this field. In addition, we discuss the needs for future toolbox development for mechanobiological research of intracellular organelles.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/mi10080538\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3f77c37d9f27d790b98e4b6c16bc2fbf6aef258c\",\n \"result_position\": 56,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 236922722,\n \"title\": \"How Physical Factors Coordinate Virus Infection: A Perspective From Mechanobiology\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Wei Liu\",\n \"Daijiao Tang\",\n \"Xinxiang Xu\",\n \"Yan-Jun Liu\",\n \"Yaming Jiu\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Pandemics caused by viruses have threatened lives of thousands of people. Understanding the complicated process of viral infection provides significantly directive implication to epidemic prevention and control. Viral infection is a complex and diverse process, and substantial studies have been complemented in exploring the biochemical and molecular interactions between viruses and hosts. However, the physical microenvironment where infections implement is often less considered, and the role of mechanobiology in viral infection remains elusive. Mechanobiology focuses on sensation, transduction, and response to intracellular and extracellular physical factors by tissues, cells, and extracellular matrix. The intracellular cytoskeleton and mechanosensors have been proven to be extensively involved in the virus life cycle. Furthermore, innovative methods based on micro- and nanofabrication techniques are being utilized to control and modulate the physical and chemical cell microenvironment, and to explore how extracellular factors including stiffness, forces, and topography regulate viral infection. Our current review covers how physical factors in the microenvironment coordinate viral infection. Moreover, we will discuss how this knowledge can be harnessed in future research on cross-fields of mechanobiology and virology.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fbioe.2021.764516\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b9e283625f850a3f08aac0ac1cfe83c1b0ee2d58\",\n \"result_position\": 57,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 260695254,\n \"title\": \"YAP at the Crossroads of Biomechanics and Drug Resistance in Human Cancer\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Molecular Sciences\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Miao Huang\",\n \"Heyang Wang\",\n \"Cole Mackey\",\n \"Michael C. Chung\",\n \"J. Guan\",\n \"Guangrong Zheng\",\n \"Arkaprava Roy\",\n \"Mingyi Xie\",\n \"C. Vulpe\",\n \"Xin Tang\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Biomechanical forces are of fundamental importance in biology, diseases, and medicine. Mechanobiology is an emerging interdisciplinary field that studies how biological mechanisms are regulated by biomechanical forces and how physical principles can be leveraged to innovate new therapeutic strategies. This article reviews state-of-the-art mechanobiology knowledge about the yes-associated protein (YAP), a key mechanosensitive protein, and its roles in the development of drug resistance in human cancer. Specifically, the article discusses three topics: how YAP is mechanically regulated in living cells; the molecular mechanobiology mechanisms by which YAP, along with other functional pathways, influences drug resistance of cancer cells (particularly lung cancer cells); and finally, how the mechanical regulation of YAP can influence drug resistance and vice versa. By integrating these topics, we present a unified framework that has the potential to bring theoretical insights into the design of novel mechanomedicines and advance next-generation cancer therapies to suppress tumor progression and metastasis.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/ijms241512491\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bb48e8cb090de331b102544fe3fa693b511810f6\",\n \"result_position\": 58,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 272812818,\n \"title\": \"Extracellular Matrix Components and Mechanosensing Pathways in Health and Disease\",\n \"venue\": \"Biomolecules\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Berdiaki\",\n \"Monica Neagu\",\n \"Petros Tzanakakis\",\n \"I. Spyridaki\",\n \"Serge Pérez\",\n \"D. Nikitovic\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and proteoglycans (PGs) are essential components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) with pivotal roles in cellular mechanosensing pathways. GAGs, such as heparan sulfate (HS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS), interact with various cell surface receptors, including integrins and receptor tyrosine kinases, to modulate cellular responses to mechanical stimuli. PGs, comprising a core protein with covalently attached GAG chains, serve as dynamic regulators of tissue mechanics and cell behavior, thereby playing a crucial role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Dysregulation of GAG/PG-mediated mechanosensing pathways is implicated in numerous pathological conditions, including cancer and inflammation. Understanding the intricate mechanisms by which GAGs and PGs modulate cellular responses to mechanical forces holds promise for developing novel therapeutic strategies targeting mechanotransduction pathways in disease. This comprehensive overview underscores the importance of GAGs and PGs as key mediators of mechanosensing in maintaining tissue homeostasis and their potential as therapeutic targets for mitigating mechano-driven pathologies, focusing on cancer and inflammation.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/biom14091186\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/319352db581114800e26c971c48071d9f3275220\",\n \"result_position\": 59,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 277197842,\n \"title\": \"Extracellular Matrix Stiffness: Mechanotransduction and Mechanobiological Response-Driven Strategies for Biomedical Applications Targeting Fibroblast Inflammation\",\n \"venue\": \"Polymers\",\n \"year\": 2025,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Watcharaphol Tiskratok\",\n \"Nontawat Chuinsiri\",\n \"Phoonsuk Limraksasin\",\n \"Maythwe Kyawsoewin\",\n \"P. Jitprasertwong\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic network providing mechanical and biochemical cues that regulate cellular behavior. ECM stiffness critically influences fibroblasts, the primary ECM producers, particularly in inflammation and fibrosis. This review explores the role of ECM stiffness in fibroblast-driven inflammation and tissue remodeling, focusing on the physicochemical and biological mechanisms involved. Engineered materials, hydrogels, and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) are highlighted for replicating tissue-specific stiffness, enabling precise control over cell–matrix interactions. The surface functionalization of substrate materials, including collagen, polydopamine, and fibronectin, enhances bioactivity and fibroblast adhesion. Key mechanotransduction pathways, such as integrin signaling and YAP/TAZ activation, are related to regulating fibroblast behaviors and inflammatory responses. The role of fibroblasts in driving chronic inflammatory diseases emphasizes their therapeutic potentials. Advances in ECM-modifying strategies, including tunable biomaterials and hydrogel-based therapies, are explored for applications in tissue engineering, drug delivery, anti-inflammatory treatments, and diagnostic tools for the accurate diagnosis and prognosis of ECM stiffness-related inflammatory diseases. This review integrates mechanobiology with biomedical innovations, providing a comprehensive prognosis of fibroblast responses to ECM stiffness and outlining future directions for targeted therapies.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/polym17060822\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/10991ddaa627d591d9e416634f11304f9a75d689\",\n \"result_position\": 60,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 252052077,\n \"title\": \"Harnessing conserved signaling and metabolic pathways to enhance the maturation of functional engineered tissues\",\n \"venue\": \"npj Regenerative Medicine\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Neal I. Callaghan\",\n \"Lauren J. Durland\",\n \"Ronald G. Ireland\",\n \"J. Santerre\",\n \"C. Simmons\",\n \"Locke Davenport Huyer\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The development of induced-pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cell types offers promise for basic science, drug testing, disease modeling, personalized medicine, and translatable cell therapies across many tissue types. However, in practice many iPSC-derived cells have presented as immature in physiological function, and despite efforts to recapitulate adult maturity, most have yet to meet the necessary benchmarks for the intended tissues. Here, we summarize the available state of knowledge surrounding the physiological mechanisms underlying cell maturation in several key tissues. Common signaling consolidators, as well as potential synergies between critical signaling pathways are explored. Finally, current practices in physiologically relevant tissue engineering and experimental design are critically examined, with the goal of integrating greater decision paradigms and frameworks towards achieving efficient maturation strategies, which in turn may produce higher-valued iPSC-derived tissues.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s41536-022-00246-3\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fc1546aa68a45e0b31ba31ae7e4d196108351cd6\",\n \"result_position\": 61,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 174805281,\n \"title\": \"A Review of in vitro Platforms for Understanding Cardiomyocyte Mechanobiology\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"I. Chin\",\n \"L. Hool\",\n \"Yu Suk Choi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Mechanobiology—a cell's interaction with its physical environment—can influence a myriad of cellular processes including how cells migrate, differentiate and proliferate. In many diseases, remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is observed such as tissue stiffening in rigid scar formation after myocardial infarct. Utilizing knowledge of cell mechanobiology in relation to ECM remodeling during pathogenesis, elucidating the role of the ECM in the progression—and perhaps regression—of disease is a primary focus of the field. Although the importance of mechanical signaling in the cardiac cell is well-appreciated, our understanding of how these signals are sensed and transduced by cardiomyocytes is limited. To overcome this limitation, recently developed tools and resources have provided exciting opportunities to further our understandings by better recapitulating pathological spatiotemporal ECM stiffness changes in an in vitro setting. In this review, we provide an overview of a conventional model of mechanotransduction and present understandings of cardiomyocyte mechanobiology, followed by a review of emerging tools and resources that can be used to expand our knowledge of cardiomyocyte mechanobiology toward more clinically relevant applications.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fbioe.2019.00133\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e3d5c02ea94735a6bd33f34dacdee7319517639a\",\n \"result_position\": 62,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 256727321,\n \"title\": \"Harnessing conserved signaling and metabolic pathways to enhance the maturation of functional engineered tissues\",\n \"venue\": \"npj Regenerative Medicine\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Neal I. Callaghan\",\n \"Lauren J. Durland\",\n \"Ronald G. Ireland\",\n \"J. Santerre\",\n \"C. Simmons\",\n \"Locke Davenport Huyer\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The development of induced-pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cell types offers promise for basic science, drug testing, disease modeling, personalized medicine, and translatable cell therapies across many tissue types. However, in practice many iPSC-derived cells have presented as immature in physiological function, and despite efforts to recapitulate adult maturity, most have yet to meet the necessary benchmarks for the intended tissues. Here, we summarize the available state of knowledge surrounding the physiological mechanisms underlying cell maturation in several key tissues. Common signaling consolidators, as well as potential synergies between critical signaling pathways are explored. Finally, current practices in physiologically relevant tissue engineering and experimental design are critically examined, with the goal of integrating greater decision paradigms and frameworks towards achieving efficient maturation strategies, which in turn may produce higher-valued iPSC-derived tissues.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1038/s41536-022-00246-3\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/89d56b46a560f78335e854431e66ef3633042fe2\",\n \"result_position\": 63,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 17600649,\n \"title\": \"Regulation of Tissue Fibrosis by the Biomechanical Environment\",\n \"venue\": \"BioMed Research International\",\n \"year\": 2013,\n \"authors\": [\n \"W. Carver\",\n \"E. Goldsmith\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The biomechanical environment plays a fundamental role in embryonic development, tissue maintenance, and pathogenesis. Mechanical forces play particularly important roles in the regulation of connective tissues including not only bone and cartilage but also the interstitial tissues of most organs. In vivo studies have correlated changes in mechanical load to modulation of the extracellular matrix and have indicated that increased mechanical force contributes to the enhanced expression and deposition of extracellular matrix components or fibrosis. Pathological fibrosis contributes to dysfunction of many organ systems. A variety of in vitro models have been utilized to evaluate the effects of mechanical force on extracellular matrix-producing cells. In general, application of mechanical stretch, fluid flow, and compression results in increased expression of extracellular matrix components. More recent studies have indicated that tissue rigidity also provides profibrotic signals to cells. The mechanisms whereby cells detect mechanical signals and transduce them into biochemical responses have received considerable attention. Cell surface receptors for extracellular matrix components and intracellular signaling pathways are instrumental in the mechanotransduction process. Understanding how mechanical signals are transmitted from the microenvironment will identify novel therapeutic targets for fibrosis and other pathological conditions.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1155/2013/101979\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2af611281e2e14aabe8fac30edfb53f5a8c91611\",\n \"result_position\": 64,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 253153974,\n \"title\": \"Magnetic nanomaterials for wireless thermal and mechanical neuromodulation\",\n \"venue\": \"iScience\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Lorenzo Signorelli\",\n \"S. Hescham\",\n \"Arnd Pralle\",\n \"D. Gregurec\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Summary Magnetic fields are very attractive for non-invasive neuromodulation because they easily penetrate trough the skull and tissue. Cell specific neuromodulation requires the magnetic field energy to be converted by an actuator to a biologically relevant signal. Miniaturized actuators available today range from small, isotropic magnetic nanoparticles to larger, submicron anisotropic magnetic nanomaterials. Depending on the parameters of external magnetic fields and the properties of the nanoactuators, they create either a thermal or a mechanical stimulus. Ferromagnetic nanomaterials generate heat in response to high frequency alternating magnetic fields associated with dissipative losses. Anisotropic nanomaterials with large magnetic moments are capable of exerting forces at stationary or slowly varying magnetic fields. These tools allow exploiting thermosensitive or mechanosensitive neurons in circuit or cell specific tetherless neuromodulation schemes. This review will address assortment of available magnetic nanomaterial-based neuromodulation techniques that rely on application of external magnetic fields.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1016/j.isci.2022.105401\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cdc7ad6db1ba013dc4a203046c7c0fd3419d20df\",\n \"result_position\": 65,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 13407297,\n \"title\": \"In silico bone mechanobiology: modeling a multifaceted biological system\",\n \"venue\": \"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Systems Biology and Medicine\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Giorgi\",\n \"S. W. Verbruggen\",\n \"D. Lacroix\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Mechanobiology, the study of the influence of mechanical loads on biological processes through signaling to cells, is fundamental to the inherent ability of bone tissue to adapt its structure in response to mechanical stimulation. The immense contribution of computational modeling to the nascent field of bone mechanobiology is indisputable, having aided in the interpretation of experimental findings and identified new avenues of inquiry. Indeed, advances in computational modeling have spurred the development of this field, shedding new light on problems ranging from the mechanical response to loading by individual cells to tissue differentiation during events such as fracture healing. To date, in silico bone mechanobiology has generally taken a reductive approach in attempting to answer discrete biological research questions, with research in the field broadly separated into two streams: (1) mechanoregulation algorithms for predicting mechanobiological changes to bone tissue and (2) models investigating cell mechanobiology. Future models will likely take advantage of advances in computational power and techniques, allowing multiscale and multiphysics modeling to tie the many separate but related biological responses to loading together as part of a larger systems biology approach to shed further light on bone mechanobiology. Finally, although the ever‐increasing complexity of computational mechanobiology models will inevitably move the field toward patient‐specific models in the clinic, the determination of the context in which they can be used safely for clinical purpose will still require an extensive combination of computational and experimental techniques applied to in vitro and in vivo applications. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2016, 8:485–505. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1356\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1002/wsbm.1356\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b72308081cbed5f53f9658c0bc3158a3cecaf816\",\n \"result_position\": 66,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 23678983,\n \"title\": \"Influence of Mechanical Stimuli on Schwann Cell Biology\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience\",\n \"year\": 2017,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Sophie Belin\",\n \"Kristen L. Zuloaga\",\n \"Y. Poitelon\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Schwann cells are the glial cells of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). They insulate axons by forming a specialized extension of plasma membrane called the myelin sheath. The formation of myelin is essential for the rapid saltatory propagation of action potentials and to maintain the integrity of axons. Although both axonal and extracellular matrix (ECM) signals are necessary for myelination to occur, the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating myelination continue to be elucidated. Schwann cells in peripheral nerves are physiologically exposed to mechanical stresses (i.e., tensile, compressive and shear strains), occurring during development, adulthood and injuries. In addition, there is a growing body of evidences that Schwann cells are sensitive to the stiffness of their environment. In this review, we detail the mechanical constraints of Schwann cells and peripheral nerves. We explore the regulation of Schwann cell signaling pathways in response to mechanical stimulation. Finally, we provide a comprehensive overview of the experimental studies addressing the mechanobiology of Schwann cells. Understanding which mechanical properties can interfere with the cellular and molecular biology of Schwann cell during development, myelination and following injuries opens new insights in the regulation of PNS development and treatment approaches in peripheral neuropathies.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/fncel.2017.00347\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/091a1129f32e958b195c51494b4698707f43ea0b\",\n \"result_position\": 67,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 52194571,\n \"title\": \"MECHANOMEDICINE: applications of mechanobiology to medical sciences and next-generation medical technologies\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of smooth muscle research = Nihon Heikatsukin Gakkai kikanshi\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"K. Naruse\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Mechanical stress underlies most aspects of cell and organismal biology. Mechanomedicine is a field of biology that seeks to understand molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, and individual responses to mechanical stimuli and aims to apply the gained knowledge to improve health. Combining biology and engineering, we explore research areas including mechanosensitive ion channels, heart failure, and regenerative medicine.This review will describe our findings in mechanobiology, our establishment of a joint venture business as we developed devices responding to medical needs, and our alliance with other companies.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1540/jsmr.54.83\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a9a09f088c0e35d876e60e8df4d8a1f0c0cabc4f\",\n \"result_position\": 68,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 209435357,\n \"title\": \"Cell-Based Mechanosensation, Epigenetics, and Non-Coding RNAs in Progression of Cardiac Fibrosis\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Molecular Sciences\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Silvia Ferrari\",\n \"M. Pesce\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The heart is par excellence the ‘in-motion’ organ in the human body. Compelling evidence shows that, besides generating forces to ensure continuous blood supply (e.g., myocardial contractility) or withstanding passive forces generated by flow (e.g., shear stress on endocardium, myocardial wall strain, and compression strain at the level of cardiac valves), cells resident in the heart respond to mechanical cues with the activation of mechanically dependent molecular pathways. Cardiac stromal cells, most commonly named cardiac fibroblasts, are central in the pathologic evolution of the cardiovascular system. In their normal function, these cells translate mechanical cues into signals that are necessary to renew the tissues, e.g., by continuously rebuilding the extracellular matrix being subjected to mechanical stress. In the presence of tissue insults (e.g., ischemia), inflammatory cues, or modifiable/unmodifiable risk conditions, these mechanical signals may be ‘misinterpreted’ by cardiac fibroblasts, giving rise to pathology programming. In fact, these cells are subject to changing their phenotype from that of matrix renewing to that of matrix scarring cells—the so-called myo-fibroblasts—involved in cardiac fibrosis. The links between alterations in the abilities of cardiac fibroblasts to ‘sense’ mechanical cues and molecular pathology programming are still under investigation. On the other hand, various evidence suggests that cell mechanics may control stromal cells phenotype by modifying the epigenetic landscape, and this involves specific non-coding RNAs. In the present contribution, we will provide examples in support of this more integrated vision of cardiac fibrotic progression based on the decryption of mechanical cues in the context of epigenetic and non-coding RNA biology.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/ijms21010028\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/88dc98fc6bbaea1a0e7721db4299c1c8eaabacaa\",\n \"result_position\": 69,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 218757927,\n \"title\": \"Mechanoregulation in Hematopoiesis and Hematologic Disorders\",\n \"venue\": \"Current Stem Cell Reports\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Paulina D Horton\",\n \"Sandeep P. Dumbali\",\n \"P. Wenzel\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are reliant on intrinsic and extrinsic factors for tight control of self-renewal, quiescence, differentiation, and homing. Given the intimate relationship between HSCs and their niche, increasing numbers of studies are examining how biophysical cues in the hematopoietic microenvironment impact HSC functions. Numerous mechanosensors are present on hematopoietic cells, including integrins, mechanosensitive ion channels, and primary cilia. Integrin-ligand adhesion, in particular, has been found to be critical for homing and anchoring of HSCs and progenitors in the bone marrow. Integrin-mediated interactions with ligands present on extracellular matrix and endothelial cells are key to establishing long-term engraftment and quiescence of HSCs. Importantly, disruption in the architecture and cellular composition of the bone marrow associated with conditioning regimens and primary myelofibrosis exposes HSCs to a profoundly distinct mechanical environment, with potential implications for progression of hematologic dysfunction and pathologies. Study of the mechanobiological signals that govern hematopoiesis represents an important future step toward understanding HSC biology in homeostasis, aging, and cancer.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s40778-020-00172-4\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3f621ac0dd7a9df0079c6468618c4078a07e16ce\",\n \"result_position\": 70,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 211473559,\n \"title\": \"From cellular to molecular mechanobiology\",\n \"venue\": \"APL Bioengineering\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"C. Zhu\",\n \"Cho-yin Lee\",\n \"L. McIntire\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Mechanobiology at the cellular level is concerned with what phenotypes that cells exhibit to maintain homeostasis in their normal physiological mechanical environment, as well as what phenotypical changes that cells have to make when their environment is altered. Mechanobiology at the molecular level aims to understand the molecular underpinning of how cells sense, respond to, and adapt to mechanical cues in their environment. In this Perspective, we use our work inspired by and in collaboration with Professor Shu Chien as an example with which we connect the mechanobiology between the cellular and molecular levels. We discuss how physical forces acting on intracellular proteins may impact protein–protein interaction, change protein conformation, crosstalk with biochemical signaling molecules, induce mechanotransduction, and alter the cell structure and function.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1063/1.5129937\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5fa37d6b8c1538c66cbeab3883bb630db4f79b83\",\n \"result_position\": 71,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 12725607,\n \"title\": \"Plasma Membrane Mechanical Stress Activates TRPC5 Channels\",\n \"venue\": \"PLoS ONE\",\n \"year\": 2015,\n \"authors\": [\n \"B. Shen\",\n \"Ching-On Wong\",\n \"O. Lau\",\n \"Theodosia Woo\",\n \"Suwen Bai\",\n \"Yu Huang\",\n \"X. Yao\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Mechanical forces exerted on cells impose stress on the plasma membrane. Cells sense this stress and elicit a mechanoelectric transduction cascade that initiates compensatory mechanisms. Mechanosensitive ion channels in the plasma membrane are responsible for transducing the mechanical signals to electrical signals. However, the mechanisms underlying channel activation in response to mechanical stress remain incompletely understood. Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels serve essential functions in several sensory modalities. These channels can also participate in mechanotransduction by either being autonomously sensitive to mechanical perturbation or by coupling to other mechanosensory components of the cell. Here, we investigated the response of a TRP family member, TRPC5, to mechanical stress. Hypoosmolarity triggers Ca2+ influx and cationic conductance through TRPC5. Importantly, for the first time we were able to record the stretch-activated TRPC5 current at single-channel level. The activation threshold for TRPC5 was found to be 240 mOsm for hypoosmotic stress and between −20 and −40 mmHg for pressure applied to membrane patch. In addition, we found that disruption of actin filaments suppresses TRPC5 response to hypoosmotic stress and patch pipette pressure, but does not prevent the activation of TRPC5 by stretch-independent mechanisms, indicating that actin cytoskeleton is an essential transduction component that confers mechanosensitivity to TRPC5. In summary, our findings establish that TRPC5 can be activated at the single-channel level when mechanical stress on the cell reaches a certain threshold.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1371/journal.pone.0122227\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/337797c1d76c700775778cc434d3d503b7f0d1cf\",\n \"result_position\": 72,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 17481214,\n \"title\": \"Mechanical transduction by ion channels: A cautionary tale\",\n \"venue\": \"World Journal of Neurology\",\n \"year\": 2015,\n \"authors\": [\n \"F. Sachs\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Mechanical transduction by ion channels occurs in all cells. The physiological functions of these channels have just begun to be elaborated, but if we focus on the upper animal kingdom, these channels serve the common sensory services such as hearing and touch, provide the central nervous system with information on the force and position of muscles and joints, and they provide the autonomic system with information about the filling of hollow organs such as blood vessels. However, all cells of the body have mechanosensitive channels (MSCs), including red cells. Most of these channels are cation selective and are activated by bilayer tension. There are also K+ selective MSCs found commonly in neurons where they may be responsible for both general anesthesia and knockout punches in the boxing ring by hyperpolarizing neurons to reduce excitability. The cationic MSCs are typically inactive under normal mechanical stress, but open under pathologic stress. The channels are normally inactive because they are shielded from stress by the cytoskeleton. The cationic MSCs are specifically blocked by the externally applied peptide GsMtx4 (aka, AT-300). This is the first drug of its class and provides a new approach to many pathologies since it is nontoxic, non-immunogenic, stable in a biological environment and has a long pharmacokinetic lifetime. Pathologies involving excessive stress are common. They produce cardiac arrhythmias, contraction in stretched dystrophic muscle, xerocytotic and sickled red cells, etc. The channels seem to function primarily as “fire alarms”, providing feedback to the cytoskeleton that a region of the bilayer is under excessive tension and needs reinforcing. The eukaryotic forms of MSCs have only been cloned in recent years and few people have experience working with them. “Newbies” need to become aware of the technology, potential artifacts, and the fundamentals of mechanics. The most difficult problem in studying MSCs is that the actual stimulus, the force applied to the channel, is not known. We don’t have direct access to the channels themselves but only to larger regions of the membrane as seen in patches. Cortical forces are shared by the bilayer, the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix. How much of an applied stimulus reaches the channel is unknown. Furthermore, many of these channels exist in spatial domains where the forces within a domain are different from forces outside the domain, although we often hope they are proportional. This review is intended to be a guide for new investigators who want to study mechanosensitive ion channels.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5316/wjn.v5.i3.74\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6d3ae9a4e49a66c41ab6e5f84eae86a83aaad563\",\n \"result_position\": 73,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 267824684,\n \"title\": \"Introduction to Cell Mechanics and Mechanobiology\",\n \"venue\": \"The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine\",\n \"year\": 2013,\n \"authors\": [\n \"K. Rosowski\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Mechanics have increasingly been found to play a role in biological processes, affecting tissue behavior during homeostasis and disease. Due to this, many studies in biology have begun to incorporate not only traditional biochemical approaches but also biomechanical ones. The study of the physical forces generated or sensed by cells, leading to changes in their characteristics or function, has been termed mechanobiology. This textbook is a comprehensive review of the methods and physical concepts used in current studies of mechanobiology. \\n \\nThe intended audience of the book is graduate students and advanced undergraduates in the fields of mechanical and biological engineering. The authors assume that the reader has a basic background in engineering mathematics, including calculus, ordinary differential equations, and linear algebra. Very basic knowledge of chemistry is also assumed, although no background in biology is needed. It is aimed more at those engineering students who want to explore biological phenomena with mechanical principles. Someone with not much knowledge of physics might find it hard to follow the equation derivations and problem solving. The biology is very basic, and the book would be less useful to a biologist new to the field of mechanics who might get a more relevant write up of these techniques in a biology journal review. \\n \\nThe book is written in an informal conversational style, which makes it easy to read and follow, but also makes it difficult to jump to a section and quickly read up on a specific topic. It seems more an introduction to the field and less a reference book to occasionally look up something. However, there are quite a few problem examples where the reader is taken through the derivation of the solution, which may be helpful to refer to during experimental setup and analysis. \\n \\nOverall, this book touches on all the main current techniques used to apply force to cells and to measure the forces exerted by cells. While these methods are not described in detail, the physics behind them is well explained and derived. Additionally, it puts forth current ideas for how these forces may be transmitted to cellular machinery in order to change protein expression and otherwise modify cell activity. The book sets up a good context for why one would want to study mechanobiology and gives some good tips for designing an experiment, taking into account the fundamental differences in biology and engineering practices. \\n \\nEach chapter ends with key concepts and problems to solve. Solutions to these problems can be found in online material, along with simulations, figures and videos that supplement the text.\",\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/acde2e577a6a72643d1fa7e67827bd396a3ffd9f\",\n \"result_position\": 74,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":99,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"In Türkiye, the Kurdish language was formally banned until 1991, and to this day, its speakers face marginalization and derision, particularly – but not only, in urbanized, western regions. Despite the fact that Kurds make up roughly 20% of the population, Kurdish remains excluded from the official linguistic and educational spheres."},"query_timestamp":{"kind":"string","value":"2025-06-20T08:49:57.554784+00:00"},"thread_id":{"kind":"string","value":"d60c617f411cb16da43f9e32fb12cbc48dbe1af3e327e95b605947ecfa8a81ea"},"num_shown":{"kind":"number","value":55,"string":"55"},"num_clicked":{"kind":"number","value":0,"string":"0"},"has_clicks":{"kind":"bool","value":false,"string":"false"},"shown_papers":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"corpus_id":258102306,"title":"No Justice for Kurds: Turkish Supremacy and Kurdophobia","venue":"","year":2022,"authors":["M. Kurt"],"abstract":"Abstract:The Kurds, as the world’s largest stateless nation, are subjected to extreme violence, discrimination, hostility, and racism in contemporary Turkey. I formulate this around the concept of Turkish supremacy and explain how this supremacy is historically rooted, institutionally reinforced, and socially reproduced in the racist habitus of Turkey. Kurdophobia is integral to Turkish supremacy, which needs to invoke racism against Kurds to sustain its position.","doi":"10.1353/sor.2021.0052","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ba69c189d2d5264e0e8eec2968b32d4a42fafeb0","result_position":0,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":55625555,"title":"Losing the One, Caring for the All: The Activism of the Peace Mothers in Turkey","venue":"The social science","year":2018,"authors":["N. Göksel"],"abstract":"This article focuses on the political activism of the Peace Mothers in Turkey, a group of Kurdish mothers whose children were either Partiya Karkerên Kurdistan (PKK) guerrillas or political dissidents during the conflict between the Turkish state and the PKK. The peace activism of the Mothers is a distinctive case that speaks to the tension between the domains of the familial and the political—a tension that appears in everyday discussions as well as in feminist literature. In this article, I suggest that the Peace Mothers’ struggle to bridge national and local peace-making ideals is a subtle effort to resolve that tension and to transform the realms of family and politics. The mobilization around “motherhood” aims at peace on the national scale, but has led to an unexpected form of activism in the Kurdish community, where the Mothers now mediate local family conflicts in the wake of war. While the Mothers’ activism has not been successful in achieving its main goal of securing a national peace settlement, I argue that it transforms both the political and the familial spheres to a significant extent. The Mothers conceive of motherhood broadly: as the state of being an agent with the capacity to connect to the All via a sense of loss and care. In engaging with feminist debates on motherhood, activism, and care, this article presents a novel framework for understanding the persistent boundary between the political and the familial and calls attention to the role of gendered politics and maternal activism in understudied local settings.","doi":"10.3390/SOCSCI7100174","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/70bbf3691f08aee8894ca8e9b36ae461e4b9a207","result_position":1,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":134273880,"title":"ISTANBUL PAST AND PRESENT: A LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPE PERSPECTIVE","venue":"Journal of International Scientific Researches","year":2018,"authors":["John N. Wendel"],"abstract":"This paper reports on a linguistic landscape study undertaken in Istanbul, Turkey from August 2016 to March 2017. A linguistics landscape study takes account of all the visible language typically found on signs in a bounded area such as a city, a commercial district or neighborhood. Combining historical, demographic and other data, a linguistic landscape analysis generates insights into the past and present-day interrelationships between languages in the context of their communities: in short, a sociolinguistic profile. Several such studies have been carried out in major urban centers such as Tokyo (Backhaus 2007) and Antwerp (Blommaert 2013). This is the first ever linguistic landscape study of Istanbul. This paper has two parts. Following a brief introduction to linguistic landscape studies, Part I reports on a survey of ten Istanbul mahalle (districts). The results of this quantitative analysis reveal, among other things, the overall dominance of the Turkish language throughout the greater share of Istanbul’s landscapes (69% monolingual Turkish signage across the landscapes surveyed); the pervasiveness of English (comprising 51% monolingual English of the total signage in one district); and the emerging visibility and importance of Arabic (12% monolingual Arabic in one district). Part II of the study examines Istanbul’s landscape as a whole from a more nuanced, qualitative perspective. This analysis is thematic in nature and will focus on the dynamic and volatile aspects of Istanbul’s linguistic landscapes as they transform and adapt to political and social upheavals and the changing realities in present-day Turkey. The results, on the one hand, show how recent commercial, social and political trends shape and configure distinct sociolinguistic regimes in each of Istanbul’s districts, and, on the other hand, reveal how the linguistic ‘deposits’ force a historicization of the linguistic landscape in the analysis. Among other things, these results demonstrate that linguistic landscapes cannot be ‘read’ or understood in any meaningful sense without, at the same time, bringing to bear on the interpretation past and present social, political, demographic events and trends.","doi":"10.21733/IBAD.454330","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3d7464fb5ae2b90024a7a119db801a9a633ec188","result_position":2,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":273871477,"title":"Addressing epistemic violence and methodological nationalism through a meta-analytical review on intergroup contact and conflict studies in Turkey","venue":"Journal of Social and Political Psychology","year":2024,"authors":["M. S. Uysal","Ercan Şen","Elif Sandal-Önal","Y. Acar"],"abstract":"This paper provides an examination of intergroup contact research in the context of the Turkish-Kurdish ‘conflict’ through a meta-analytical scoping review. By doing so, we discuss how dominant biases in the literature such as methodological nationalism and epistemic violence influence research practices and knowledge-production systems in conflict and contact studies conducted under colonial rule. Through a thematic investigation, we found four variables that were commonly tested in intergroup contact studies: i) attitudes towards outgroup, ii) support for minority rights or multiculturalism, iii) perception of discrimination against the minority group, and iv) ethnic identity. We conducted four meta-analyses using a pool of 28 studies conducted in Turkey to unpack the associations of intergroup contact with: i) outgroup attitudes (r = .42; n = 5,624), ii) support for minority rights and multiculturalism (r = -.06ns; n = 1,567), iii) perception of discrimination against Kurds (r = .22; n = 2,431), and iv) ethnic identity (r = -.13; n = 4,636). The results demonstrated a moderate to strong relationship between intergroup contact and positive outgroup attitudes, while the findings were less robust for support for minority rights, perception of discrimination against Kurds, and ethnic identity. Furthermore, the group status and sample characteristics of the studies moderate the relationships between variables. Based on the findings and a critical analysis of the current literature, we discuss the limitations of the existing research and critical points for future studies.","doi":"10.5964/jspp.13241","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/44a6161ca6c087b130ada3265184b68df41512a4","result_position":3,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":269875526,"title":"Permissive prejudice in localized authoritarian consolidation: evidence from Turkey's municipalities","venue":"Democratization","year":2024,"authors":["Lisel Hintz","Harun Ercan"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT What strategies do competitive authoritarian regimes use to target local-level opposition gains? How and why can these strategies vary subnationally? We analyse how national-level identity politics shapes regimes’ repression calculus at the local level. We suggest permissive prejudice leads regimes to choose harsher strategies in localities governed by stigmatized minority groups than in majority-led localities. To study this phenomenon, we identify three strategies varying in degrees of severity and visibility, and present an original dataset of repressive events in Turkey’s municipalities from 2016–2022. We argue anti-Kurdish prejudice explains the ruling AKP’s use of a harsh strategy of leader replacement in 149 cases of Kurdish-led municipalities yet only one Turkish-led municipality. Supporting our claim, the AKP used behind-the-scenes hamstringing to obstruct opposition mayors in Turkish-led municipalities. Our findings highlight the permissive and restrictive roles that identity politics plays in shaping local-level repression and wider patterns of authoritarian consolidation.","doi":"10.1080/13510347.2024.2353975","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/103cdfd94d9496cef9bdcb02c47e7aaaca0694bf","result_position":4,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":264322665,"title":"Negotiating Monolingual Official Language Policy at the Nexus of Locally Situated Language Practices and Dominant Language Ideologies in a Language Minority Context","venue":"International Journal of Early Childhood","year":2023,"authors":["V. Lytra","Iskender Gelir"],"abstract":"This paper examines how children and teachers negotiate the official Turkish only language policy as they manage their linguistic resources (Turkish and Kurmanji) in one Turkish preschool serving predominantly emergent bilingual Kurdish minority children. Using a critical ethnographic lens to language-in-education policy making (Martin-Jones and Da Costa Gabral, in: Tollefson, Pérez-Milans (eds) The Oxford handbook of language policy and planning, Oxford University Press, 2018), the study investigates how children and teachers navigate locally situated language practices and language ideologies that accord legitimacy and authority to standard Turkish and officially invisibilise Kurmanji in the preschool. Findings indicate that acting as agentive social actors teachers and children do not merely comply to the Turkish only language policy but they also adapt, recast, and contest it in social interaction. They stress the need to rethink the language-in-education policy in the Turkish educational system in ways that recognise and leverage teachers and children’s entire linguistic repertoires and experiences for teaching and learning.","doi":"10.1007/s13158-023-00368-9","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/32f8d97090a6e76a8ade68fc401ac42bf4ea3e08","result_position":5,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":266472694,"title":"Radical Habitus","venue":"Current Anthropology","year":2023,"authors":["Mashuq Kurt"],"abstract":"This article investigates trajectories and sociopolitical drivers of youth radicalization in Turkey in the context of the Syrian war and the Kurdish national struggle. It proposes a conceptual framework (radical habitus) to better understand contemporary radicalization phenomena. Drawing on 18 months of ethnographic research, conducted between 2015 and 2018 in Turkish-Syrian border cities, in Istanbul, and in a refugee camp in Greece, I offer an anthropological intervention in the study of radicalization. Radicalization scholarship is often concerned with ideological factors and the immediate social circles of radicalized individuals while underplaying the macrolevel hegemonic forces that shape their lived reality and habitus. I argue that we must examine power relations, structural inequalities, perceived injustices, and young people’s political subjectivities in order to better understand what propels radicalization. I propose that radicalization is a relational and gradual process triggered by a set of complex power relations between state and substate actors across religious, sectarian, ethnonational, and class lines, the interactions of which shape what I call a radical habitus.","doi":"10.1086/727896","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/96049996720a341c558360ce223aba9f0d4498af","result_position":6,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":239653626,"title":"Labour Market Segmentation within Ethnic Economies: The Ethnic Penalty for Invisible Kurdish Migrants in the United Kingdom","venue":"Work, Employment and Society","year":2021,"authors":["Mehmet Rauf Kesici"],"abstract":"Despite the extensive literature on the labour market outcomes of migration, little attention has been given to labour market inequalities within ethnic economies containing internal ethnicity. This article, using a field-study, multi-segmented labour market approach and the enclave hypothesis, contributes to the literature by demonstrating the key roles of different migration patterns and ethnic disparities in shaping labour market segmentation. It focuses on how and why Kurdish migrants are located in the lower segments of the labour market in their shared ethnic (migrant) economy in London. It argues that the Kurds’ underprivileged position associated with an ethnic penalty for them in the UK results from their relatively recent migration history, (un)documented asylum status and the ongoing persecution against them in Turkey. The article concludes that different migration histories, particular motivations for migration and ethnic disparities stratify migrants into distinct segments of the labour market in the country of destination.","doi":"10.1177/09500170211034761","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d3a70e1fadab32ef918d943450305f35f7405f96","result_position":7,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":235035556,"title":"TRANS-LOCALITY AMONG KURDS – THE CASE OF TURKEY","venue":"Studia Humanistyczne AGH","year":2020,"authors":["Karol P. Kaczorowski"],"abstract":"The article aims at presenting trans-local aspects of Kurdish society and especially trans-local ties maintained by Kurds in Turkey, particularly in Istanbul. Inspired by transnational theories in migration and diaspora studies, the author proposes a categorization of Kurdish migration waves and waves of internal migration in Turkey. Drawing on in-depth interviews conducted with Kurds in Istanbul, the paper depicts ways of maintaining ties with the country’s Kurdish regions and types of social organizing around their culture and perceived needs. The paper also offers insights into contemporary Kurdish migration in Turkey, leading to the conclusion that although trans-locality has often been forced on Kurds, the socio-political situation in 2002–2015 led to the emergence of a new, trans-local, socially active Kurdish elite in Turkey","doi":"10.7494/HUMAN.2020.19.2.25","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/247c29356ce6cc707771113cbe510de63badb6af","result_position":8,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":155887034,"title":"Social Integration of Immigrants within the Linguistically Diverse Workplace: A Systematic Review","venue":"","year":2016,"authors":["Vibha Kaushik","C. Walsh","Diana Haefele"],"abstract":"Due to international migration, a large number of workplaces are becoming linguistically diverse. This creates challenges for the workplace integration of immigrants and increases the risk of their social exclusion. A systematic review was conducted to determine the effects of linguistic diversity on social integration of immigrants within the workplace. Articles were identified by reviewing abstracts in electronic databases using keywords related to linguistic diversity, social integration, immigrants and workplace. The search yielded ten peer reviewed articles, published in English, between 2000 and 2014. Information was extracted and synthesized from both quantitative and qualitative studies. The studies were found to be concerned on: (1) social integration or social inclusion/exclusion, (2) social interaction and inter-group perception, and (3) accent discrimination. Smooth social and professional assimilation and the equality of opportunities for the immigrants were considered as the determining factors of their complete social integration in the workplace. Most studies in this review established a connection between social integration and local language skills; some indicated that racial discrimination and ethnicity based stereotyping contributes to social exclusion of immigrants, particularly when the studies involved visible minorities. The review enhances our understanding of challenges of complete social integration faced by immigrants and reinforces the need to invest in policies and program aimed at preventing marginalization of immigrants. Due to limited number of studies identified by this review and the variation in findings, further research is necessary to investigate the role of linguistic diversity in the workplace integration of immigrants in immigrant receiving countries.","doi":"10.18533/RSS.V1I1.5","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/879bc6b3ba1c437f593c5e0a4c7f98e4db545f77","result_position":9,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":270465669,"title":"The intellectual justification of sovereign power: representations of the Kurds in Turkish scholarship","venue":"Critical Policy Studies","year":2024,"authors":["Idris Ahmedi"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT Through scrutiny of academic research in the context of ethnic conflict, the present article advances the agenda of critical policy studies. To that end, it conducts a case study of representations of the Kurds in Turkish scholarship and aims to highlight a nexus between nationalism, state policy, and scholarship. Two arguments are advanced herein. First, Turkish scholars who adhere to the dominant nationalist ideology in Turkey represent the Kurds in accordance with the dictates of this ideology and justify sovereign power in the maintenance of relations of ethnic domination and subordination. Second, while Turkey no longer denies the physical existence of the Kurds, the state and Turkish scholars persist in withholding recognition of Kurdish identity. The scholars in question do so under pretenses of scientific objectivity, political universalism, and a commitment to peace. However, the lingering of the policy of denial and the justification of it constitute a fundamental hurdle to a peaceful resolution of the Kurdish issue. A critical approach to state policy and scholarship not only makes it possible to debunk pretenses of scientific objectivity and political universalism, but may also be more conducive to scholarly autonomy and commitment to peace in societies marked by ethnic conflict.","doi":"10.1080/19460171.2024.2364206","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0110c8d695dfe23e0643fed169260af65db96c01","result_position":10,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":258500931,"title":"Ensuring the Cultural Rights of Kurdish Minority in Türkiye: Necessity, Challenges, Solutions","venue":"Age of Human Rights Journal","year":2023,"authors":["M. Fazaeli","Mousa Karami"],"abstract":"Being in non-dominant position and forming one of the largest ethnic groups numerically in Türkiye (previously Turkey), Kurds constitute an ethnic minority. The main argument of this article is that neglecting and disrespecting the cultural rights (CRs) of this group has led to transformation of a social challenge to a political one which ultimately resulted in a security challenge through an armed movement by P.K.K. in the 1980s. Employing a descriptive-analytical method to analyse the content, the present article aims at investigating the necessity of, challenges to and solutions for ensuring CRs of Kurdish minority. It appears that ensuring the cultural rights of Kurdish minority in Türkiye is a pressing necessity particularly for preserving cultural diversity as the common heritage of humanity and maintaining national, regional and international peace and security. Furthermore, the main challenges with which ensuring CRs of Kurds in Türkiye is facing are weak international belief in cultural rights, lack of sufficient national and international monitoring bodies and effective enforcing mechanisms, and dominance of Kemalism as the founding ideology of Republic of Türkiye. Accordingly, the solutions for eliminating these challenges can be strengthening the foundations and developing the sources of cultural rights of ethnic minorities, activating the national and international monitoring bodies and criminalising certain examples of violations of cultural rights and predicting effective sanctions. No article has been written on the necessity of, challenges to and solutions for ensuring the CRs of Kurdish minority in Türkiye in a single piece. Addressing these factors from the perspective of CRs as human rights, this article contributes in filling the existing gap in literature in this regard.","doi":"10.17561/tahrj.v20.7329","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6802d373a3acba790eaeb0acee246a1e83f27515","result_position":11,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":195817552,"title":"Enacting intersectional multilayered citizenship: Kurdish women’s politics","venue":"Gender, Place & Culture: A Journal of Feminist Geography","year":2019,"authors":["Umut Erel","Necla Açık"],"abstract":"Abstract Focusing on the institutional aspects of the Kurdish women’s movement in Turkey since the 1990s the article shows how it established a consciousness within the Kurdish national movement that gender equality is a cornerstone of democracy and ethnic rights. We frame this through theories of enacting intersectional multilayered citizenship and identify three key interventions: autonomous women’s assemblies, women’s quotas in pro-Kurdish rights parties and the co-chair system where all elected positions within the pro-Kurdish parties are jointly occupied by a male and female. These have achieved a better representation of women in formal politics, rendered gender equality and sexual violence legitimate subjects of politics and contributed to establishing an aspiration for a more dialogic political ethos. While the women’s movement’s close affiliation with the Kurdish national movement has been highly effective, it also in part circumscribes gender roles to fit its agendas.","doi":"10.1080/0966369X.2019.1596883","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3601afe8061bf5616a1bb1f0fd1c70bf4c5ff016","result_position":12,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":265245292,"title":"The Kurdish Conflict in Turkey: The Central Role of Identity Recognition (or Lack Thereof)","venue":"Ethnopolitics","year":2023,"authors":["Suren Jamal Mohammed","David Romano"],"abstract":"Abstract Academics and state officials over the years have put forth a host of factors to explain armed insurrections in Turkey since the 1920s. From ‘religious reactionaries’ and ‘underdevelopment’ to ‘foreign intervention,’ ‘economic inequality’ and ‘identity-based grievances.’ What sort of explanation one subscribes to generally seems to depend on either one’s politics or simply which analysis sounds most plausible and convincing. This study looks for evidence from the insurrections in Turkey to help shed more light on the issue. We examine the stated demands and grievances of the rebels fighting the Turkish state in the major uprisings of the twentieth century (1925, 1927–1930, 1937 and 1978 onwards). Judging from their own statements, the recognition of Kurdish identity was central to all these episodes. No other issue appears so prominently in all the uprisings. The study then turns to theoretical work on protracted conflicts and ethnic conflicts to explain why identity recognition is of such importance. Following this analysis, parameters to resolve the Kurdish conflict in Turkey are examined in light of these observations. Solutions to end the conflict need to begin first and foremost with official identity recognition and acceptance of the Kurds, as Kurds. The rest consists of issues to be negotiated.","doi":"10.1080/17449057.2023.2275229","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/42aa0a216ebdf96526a4f869c99d2e9c95c51b98","result_position":13,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":248455831,"title":"From Dengbêj to Modern Writer: Heritagization of the Kurdish Oral Tradition and Revitalization of the Kurdish Language in the Works of Mehmed Uzun and Mehmet Dicle","venue":"Iran studies","year":2022,"authors":["Joanna Bocheńska"],"abstract":"Abstract Based on a textual analysis of the selected works of two writers from Turkey, Mehmed Uzun (1953–2007) and Mehmet Dicle (b.1977), as well as interviews with Kurdish writers and folklore collectors, this study focuses on the links between Kurdish folklore and modern Kurdish literature. Following Gregory Ashcroft's take on heritage, I argue that Kurdish writers’ approach to folkloric motives has evolved through the impact of growing literary experience, inspiration from world literature and deepening knowledge of the Kurdish oral tradition. What is more, Kurdish literature can be treated as an example of cultural and language revitalization, which – according to Justyna Olko – is based on acting in and through the heritage language. Following Doreen Massey's concept of a progressive sense of place, I identify Uzun and Dicle's strategy as linking the local to the universal, suggesting that Kurdish literature should be analyzed within the context of a political geography beyond nationalism.","doi":"10.1017/irn.2022.1","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/de3df7a762020bc1e17fe7e383bbc38502f66a3b","result_position":14,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":253860298,"title":"The state of kurdish language through public policies in Turkey after 1980","venue":"Revista Amazonía investiga","year":2022,"authors":["Recep Bilgin","Seydali Ekici","Fatih Sezgin"],"abstract":"Making of public policies is a process through which the state determines relevant topics for the sake of its citizens and implements them. In Turkey, the public policies about Kurdish language after 1980 are outstanding such that the actors of coup d’état eagerly embraced the former idea of nation state which theoretically requires one common language in the borders of the given country. In parallel with this notion, the soldiers, who are the impeccable followers of Kemalist idea, put much pressure on local languages in Turkey, especially Kurdish language. They made some laws and forbade other languages than Turkish. But later, the conservative governments reigned in Turkey which had different ideas about this topic. As they got the opportunities, they made use of them so as to improve the situation for that language. The conservative governments handled this topic in the realm of freedom and human rights and created different public policies, so the adventure of Kurdish Language followed a much different track under different governments. This is a qualitative study, and the data were compiled from the related literature and evaluated accordingly.","doi":"10.34069/ai/2022.56.08.30","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fb1c6b170ffb912de10ee00a065e761d228731fd","result_position":15,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":255521342,"title":"Oppression and internalized oppression as an emerging theme in accessing healthcare: findings from a qualitative study assessing first-language related barriers among the Kurds in Turkey","venue":"International Journal for Equity in Health","year":2023,"authors":["Tevfik Bayram","S. Sakarya"],"abstract":"Background Language has been well documented to be a key determinant of accessing healthcare. Most of the literature about language barrier in accessing healthcare is in the context of miscommunication. However, it is critical to consider the historical and political contexts and power dynamics underlying actions. The literature in this matter is short. In this paper we aimed to find out how first-language affects access to healthcare for people who do not speak the official language, with a particular focus on language oppression. Methods We conducted this qualitative study based on patient-reported experiences of the Kurds in Turkey, which is a century-long oppressed population. We conducted 12 in-depth interviews (all ethnically Kurdish, non-Turkish speaking) in Şırnak, Turkey, in 2018–2019 using maximum variation strategy. We used Levesque’s ‘Patient-Centred Access to Healthcare’ framework which addresses individual and structural dimensions to access. Results We found that Kurds who do not speak the official language face multiple first-language related barriers in accessing healthcare. Poor access to health information, poor patient-provider relationship, delay in seeking health care, dependence on others in accessing healthcare, low adherence to treatments, dissatisfaction with services, and inability to follow health rights were main issues. As an unusual outcome, we discovered that the barrier processes in accessing healthcare are particularly complicated in the context of oppression and its internalization. Internalized oppression, as we found in our study, impairs access to healthcare with creating a sense of reluctance to seek healthcare, and impairs their individual and collective agency to struggle for change. Conclusions A human-rights-based top-down policy shift, and a bottom-up community empowerment approach is needed. At the system level, official recognition of oppressed populations, acknowledgement of the determinants of their health; and incorporating their language in official capacities (particularly education and healthcare) is crucial. Interventions should include raising awareness among relevant professions and stakeholders that internalized oppression is an issue in accessing healthcare to be considered. Given that internalized oppression can be in other forms than language or ethnicity, future research aimed at examining other aspects of access to healthcare should pay a special attention to internalized oppression.","doi":"10.1186/s12939-022-01824-z","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8ce0890b41d7896ef12d71677e64903363e8222d","result_position":16,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":238713979,"title":"The Kurdish Women’s Movement in Turkey and Its Struggle for Gender Justice","venue":"Histories","year":2021,"authors":["Ina Merdjanova"],"abstract":"This paper looks at the Kurdish women’s struggles for gender justice at the intersection of two diverse social movements in Turkey: the Kurdish national movement, on the one hand, and the Turkish feminist movement, on the other. It argues that the Kurdish Women’s Movement (KWM) has functioned as a powerful process of learning for both men and women in the Kurdish community and in the larger society. It has destabilized and transformed the feudal–patriarchal relations and norms in the Kurdish community, the lingering sexism in the Kurdish movement, and the majoritarian constraints in the Turkish feminist movement.","doi":"10.3390/histories1030018","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3cc3f9beea93639e1f16ed80489d6c785408c23f","result_position":17,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":158662802,"title":"KURDISH IDENTITY AND SPORTS IN TURKEY: THE CASE OF AMEDSPOR","venue":"Society Register","year":2018,"authors":["Daǧhan Irak"],"abstract":"The Kurds, the largest minority in Turkey, have almost no visibility in Turkish sports. While Kurdish sportspeople are not discouraged from joining in sports activities, their participation is heavily monitored by the government agencies against any manifestation of ethnic identity. Football in the Kurdish regions, seen by the Turkish state as a tool to distract Kurdish youth from political activities, has always been subject to the direct intervention of the civil and military bureaucracy, their presence in club boards is not uncommon. However, a third-division club named Amedspor, challenged all the unwritten rules related to Kurds in sports, at the expense of receiving a recurring suspension from the Turkish Football Federation. This article examines the Kurdish sports and the Amedspor case through Manuel Castells’ conception of legitimizing, resistance and project identities","doi":"10.14746/SR.2018.2.1.04","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/07b9c21c66c02464b1f5734a025f9713a3df0680","result_position":18,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":229477247,"title":"How populists securitize elections to win them: the 2015 double elections in Turkey","venue":"New Perspectives on Turkey","year":2021,"authors":["O. Şahin"],"abstract":"This study presents a new theoretical framework for understanding one of the ways in which populists generate support in elections. It argues that populist movements securitize elections by triggering perceptions of ontological insecurity among voters. Through this strategy, populist movements amplify voters’ negative image of the country they live in and the challenges they face, which contributes to populist movements’ electoral success. Building upon this theoretical framework, this study offers an explanation for the 2015 double general elections in Turkey. The Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, AKP) experienced disappointment after losing its parliamentary majority in the June 2015 elections. However, the AKP increased its votes by 8.6 percent in the November 2015 elections. Between these two elections, the AKP had used the Kurdish question to trigger perceptions of ontological insecurity, which enabled it to securitize the elections in November. This strategy helped the AKP win the November elections.","doi":"10.1017/npt.2020.34","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/274143275384e5e0a8cd653a9b6f84c0385fccbd","result_position":19,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":148235196,"title":"Kurdish Language Class in New York: A Platform for Social, Political and (Inter)personal Engagement","venue":"","year":2016,"authors":["Renata Archanjo","Demet Arpacik"],"abstract":"Every country that encompasses Kurdistan faces extermination efforts, meaning that the Kurdish language has found refuge mainly in exile and has been associated increasingly with the Kurdish identity and with the political struggle of the Kurdish people. The present study looks at a very special case; a voluntarily-initiated Kurdish language class that takes place in the middle of Manhattan, New York, at a prestigious public university. We conducted interviews with 3 students and the teacher of the class to understand the dynamics within and beyond the Kurdish language class, the interplay of their political ideologies, as well as the intricate process of identity negotiation through language practices. Results indicate that through the language class, people are exercising the right to a language, the right to a culture and the right of a people. Participants are challenging and resisting established relations of power and transforming the educational space into a space of freedom.","doi":"10.5565/REV/JTL3.676","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d92ba2feca03d5c2dd3ebc47cf5a28f24b74e9a3","result_position":20,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":220126993,"title":"Unravelling Histories of Displacement: The Protracted Refugeehood of Syrian Kurds in Istanbul","venue":"","year":2020,"authors":["Adnan Keği","Saygun Gökarıksel"],"abstract":"This paper critically engages with Turkey’s refugee governance by offering insight into the daily struggles, aspirations, and longings of Syrian Kurdish migrants living in the inner-city neighbourhood of Demirkap?, Istanbul. It aims to sketch a multifaceted Kurdish geography of displacements beyond nation-state borders and to show how social differences and hierarchies of class, gender, and ethnicity shape greatly the experiences of the groups living in the neighbourhood. The paper is based on an ethnographic field research that consists of first-hand observations, conversations, and 25 semistructured in-depth interviews with Kurdish migrants. The emplaced, ethnographic research is particularly promising to understand the daily lives of migrants and their multi-layered history of displacement and migration within and across borders. This history, we underscore, is not a past history, but one that unfolds in the present, within the current social hierarchies and in the midst of the ongoing crises in Syria and Iraq that poignantly shape the feelings, expectations, and memories of the Kurdish people currently living in Demirkap?. Each life trajectory, that we briefly describe, involves a strenuous effort to establish a relatively stable and enriching life under the precarious conditions of ongoing crises and authoritarian neoliberal capitalism.","doi":"10.28943/csr.004.002","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8e0e435f21117d01f14a2d9cc11a91ceb8e855a3","result_position":21,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":159398702,"title":"Peace Process Pathologies: A Comparative Analysis of the Breakdown of the Israeli-Palestinian and Turkish-Kurdish Peace Processes","venue":"","year":2018,"authors":["M. Weiss"],"abstract":"Despite the significant differences between the issues under contention, the Oslo peace process between Israel and the Palestinians and the “solution process” between Turkey and the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) were plagued by common dysfunctions that militated against their success. A comparative investigation points to several salient common denominators that rendered both peace processes susceptible to collapse, including the inadequate identification of the end goals of negotiations by the conflicting parties, mistrust and societal polarization. Over-reaching security measures enacted by the stronger side in each conflict (Israel and Turkey) that stifled freedom of expression, conflated lawful dissent with criminality, tended towards collective punishment and undermined the ability of the weaker parties to organize in the political arena and negotiate effectively also contributed to the breakdown of negotiations. Systematic analysis of these peace process pathologies will suggest critical “lessons learned” from which fellow researchers and policymakers can glean valuable insights.","doi":"10.24819/NETSOL2018.06","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b17d0397771bd31f4c6ea2f4756c404d48c59747","result_position":22,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":196019026,"title":"The Minority Languages Dilemmas in Turkey: A Critical Approach to an Emerging Literature.","venue":"","year":2018,"authors":["Burhan Ozfidan","L. Burlbaw","H. Aydin"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.5296/JEI.V4I1.11498","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f870722878ec049d0bf34e23088497e52b5b6887","result_position":23,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":53403153,"title":"Debates on inter-ethnic marriages: assimilation or integration? The Turkish perspective","venue":"","year":2012,"authors":["M. Gültekin"],"abstract":"This paper opens a new debate on ethnic intermarriage between Kurdish and Turkish people in Turkey. It addresses how the institution of marriage has become a political subject in the wake of the foundation of the republic and classifies these marriages according to their social and cultural environment. In order to understand the phenomenon, it opens a sociological investigation into the assimilation, integration and hybridisation processes involved in intermarriage between Kurdish and Turkish people. This paper looks at spoken language as an instrument of cultural continuity and a vector for the transfer of cultural institutions to future generations within a traditional-patriarchal society. It establishes a connection between the subjects of assimilation, integration and hybridisation with those of intermarriage and language.","doi":"10.5565/REV/PAPERS/V97N1.282","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/00d2ada49b2d9ffcb14d02a9df812867991cce90","result_position":24,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":204445448,"title":"Polish supplementary schools in Great Britain: a case study of the Polish School of Manchester","venue":"Beyond Philology : An International Journal of Linguistics, Literary Studies and English Language Teaching","year":2018,"authors":["Maciej Rataj","Małgorzata Rocławska-Daniluk"],"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to present and discuss the results of a small-scale pilot study of attitudes towards Polish and English conducted at a Polish supplementary school in Manchester, England. The intro-ductory part of the paper presents definitions of bilingualism and bilingual education as well as a variety of approaches and policies concerning bilingual education in the world. This is followed by some basic data on Polish immigrants living in the UK and Polish supplementary schools in the UK. The questionnaire used to elicit the data consists of two sets of questions: one concerns Polish and the other English. The questions and the answers elicited are discussed and compared, with the final concluding part focused on attitudes to Polish, which is the native language of the informants’ families.","doi":"10.26881/BP.2018.1.08","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/efd0f7dd554ac37ac98b77c9ebae32f8eea87c92","result_position":25,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":9559750,"title":"Completing the fertility transition","venue":"Demographic Research","year":2006,"authors":["Sutay Yavuz"],"abstract":"The purpose of the present study is to examine third birth dynamics by mother tongue group in Turkey, a country that has reached the advanced stage of its fertility transition. Third-birth intensities of Turkish speaking mothers are lower than Kurdish speaking mothers and the decline in fertility started much later for the latter group. Kurdish speaking women who cannot read and who live in more customary marriages have the highest third birth risk. We demonstrate that to understand contemporary fertility change in Turkey, it is necessary to consider a combination of individual socio-economic and cultural factors.","doi":"10.4054/DEMRES.2006.15.15","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/83bda47785d6c161e4121a3853d2634807d970f4","result_position":26,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":248928238,"title":"The Status of Women in Kurdish Society and the Extent of Their Interactions in Public Realm","venue":"SAGE Open","year":2022,"authors":["Hooshmand Alizadeh","J. Kohlbacher","Sara Qadir Mohammed","Salah Vaisi"],"abstract":"Apart from the traditional Kurdish gender regime, which originates from the Kurdish tribal structure and which to some extent restricts the visibility of women in society, the status of Kurdish women is considered to be relatively high in comparison with that of their neighbors, since Kurdish women enjoy relative tolerance in society. This includes the possibility of reaching high professional positions, their presence in public spaces, and entertaining guests in the absence of their husbands. Certain socio-economic and political transformations took place in recent decades, which improved Kurdish women’s social standing, turning it into a symbol representing fundamental change in the gender role model in the Middle East. Although there are some studies on the status of Kurdish women in different individual Kurdish regions throughout the Middle East, not many reviews have compared the four parts of Kurdistan simultaneously, and there are hardly any specific analyses dealing with Kurdish women’s interactions in public spaces. This review aims to investigate the status of women in Kurdish society in different Kurdish regions according to a comparative approach. Although the path of Kurdish female emancipation was initiated first in the region of Rojhalat in 1946 and the Kurdish region of Iraq was granted some opportunities toward national liberation in 1991, the Bakur in Turkey can be considered a successful movement, establishing a sustained approach to the liberation of Kurdish women from patriarchal structures. During the Rojava Revolution in northern Syria, this movement proved itself able to build an indigenous alternative to Western-type egalitarian societies.","doi":"10.1177/21582440221096441","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/37e40f6505ac9a7d9f4ffaea9c61a7f7c49c5e00","result_position":27,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":257276210,"title":"Self-Determination of the Kurdish People: Undermining the Unity of the «Turkish Nation»?","venue":"IFF Paper Online","year":2015,"authors":["Ieva Vezbergaite"],"abstract":"2 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 3 1. Right to self-determination of peoples and the Kurds ............................... 4 1.1. Right to self-determination ................................................................. 4 1.2. Definition of a «people» ..................................................................... 5 1.3. The «Kurdish question» in Turkey ..................................................... 7 2. Unity of «Turkish nation» .......................................................................... 8 2.1. Constitutional status of the «Turkish nation» ..................................... 8 2.2. Dissolution of pro-Kurdish parties ...................................................... 9 2.3. National unity vs. self-determination ................................................ 12 3. Impediments for conflict resolution ......................................................... 13 Conclusion ..................................................................................................... 14 References ..................................................................................................... 15","doi":"10.51363/unifr.diff.2015.09","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/567694f42c314ae4ad1e42c3bd2c3e2389af6a8b","result_position":28,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":249910606,"title":"Post-conflict Urban Renewal as an Ethnocratic Regime Practice: Racialized Governance of Redevelopment in Diyarbakir, Turkey","venue":"Frontiers in Sustainable Cities","year":2022,"authors":["Deniz Ay","Kaner Atakan Turker"],"abstract":"This paper explores the governance of a state-led urban renewal project in a politically contested area in the aftermath of a major armed conflict. Building on the ethnocratic regime theory, we explore the governance of the urban renewal process in the historic district of Suriçi by focusing on the political, spatial, and governmental underpinnings of displacement and dispossession in the context of the unresolved “Kurdish Question” of Turkey. We argue that this exclusionary and state-led urban renewal project is shaped around the ethnocratic state interests with limited real estate returns that aims to sanitize and dehistoricize the historic core of Diyarbakir given its political and socioeconomic significance for the Kurdish Movement. The rhetorical formation of a “renewed” historic core epitomizes the racialized governance that intensifies the race-class realities sitting at the center of the decades-old ethnic conflict in Turkey. The central government authority's use of gentrification in practice illustrates the ethnocratic regime's spatial, political, and economic repercussions for the Kurdish population as the country's largest ethnic minority. Suriçi‘s redevelopment illustrates that ethnocratic regime practices coexist with a democratic façade and militarization activates an ethnocratic urban regime. Our findings contribute to the literature on space and power by illustrating the incompleteness and paradoxical elements of settler-colonial urbanism.","doi":"10.3389/frsc.2022.880812","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/eb01e009aa00a769f8b33e99d44034281d7b1cd6","result_position":29,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":152041533,"title":"House of Affection: On the Way to the School","venue":"","year":2016,"authors":["Volkan Yücel"],"abstract":"This paper focuses on the school as a house of affection. The debate is based on the movie, “On the Way to the School” (2008) and traces the difficulties of education in the second language. How the students’ daily life is being transformed to a unified educational synthesis in the east part of Turkey? Emre (the protagonist) requires the students speak only in Turkish and tries to teach them which creates two different feeling spaces and isolated schooling with no real affection.","doi":"10.5195/CINEJ.2016.143","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0404dcb921cf6d0e5fa7f9a5e9f67980aff94a69","result_position":30,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":148035011,"title":"Killing a mother tongue – how the Kurds are deprived of linguistic human rights","venue":"","year":1995,"authors":["T. Skutnabb-Kangas,","Sertaç Bucak"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1515/9783110866391.347","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f38aec3000a9c1a9ae1df85560e7be2136ae1ba8","result_position":31,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":144399697,"title":"Political Movements and Leverage Points: Kurdish Activism in the European Diaspora","venue":"","year":2002,"authors":["Vera Eccarius-Kelly"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1080/13602000220124854","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/76671797a260af3b6e466b93ba2e79b2a27e8940","result_position":32,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":18760533,"title":"“I Miss My Village!”: Forced Kurdish Migrants in İstanbul and Their Representation in Associations","venue":"New Perspectives on Turkey","year":2005,"authors":["A. Çelik"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1017/S0896634600004143","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ea956a0387f9b43ac873f84f9a641386fedb9a9a","result_position":33,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":155208014,"title":"Toward a Race Radical Vision of Bilingual Education for Kurdish Users in Turkey: A Commentary","venue":"","year":2014,"authors":["C. Faltis"],"abstract":"This commentary presents a Race Radical Vision (RRV) for Kurdish-Turkish bilingual education in Turkey. A RRV reinforces the need to consciously include issues of racism, imperialism, identity, and local practices in the development of bilingual education teacher education programs that advocate for minoritized language use in all aspects of education. It is argued that without a RRV for bilingual education, the State will represent bilingual education to benefit of own interests, ultimately destroying bilingual education as a strong anti-racist educational practice. Turkey needs a strong RRV of Kurdish-Turkish bilingual education to ensure that racism and colonialism remain in the national educational discourse. This commentary draws on experiences of bilingual education in the United States as well as other countries to show the importance of a RRV for developing bilingual education from a local language rights perspective. It also points out some of the challenges bilingual educators and scholars face when State becomes involved in funding and shaping the anti-racist perspective in bilingual the State takes over the anti-racism practices, especially when the State is tied to neoliberalism and neoliberal ideals of individualism and colorblindness. Keywords: Bilingual education, RRV, Kurdish, Turkey","doi":"10.29333/EJECS/10","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6a6f239004c46c835de7522827d2add5e81faf13","result_position":34,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":221742998,"title":"Beyond Vulnerability: Syrian Refugees in Urban Spaces in Turkey","venue":"International Journal For Crime, Justice and Social Democracy","year":2020,"authors":["Glenda Santana de Andrade"],"abstract":"Since 2011, 5.6 million people have fled Syria due to ongoing conflict. In Turkey alone, 3.6 million Syrians are confronted with a series of constraints once in the host country. This paper analyses, within the context of urban exile in Turkey, the different experiences and survival strategies of Syrians who are modulated by particular relations of race, class and gender. It aims to explain how refugees manage to create their own visibility in this new space full of limitations, and further explores how their newfound participation in these urban areas can deconstruct dominant representations of refugees, who are otherwise seen as threats or as voiceless victims. In all, this paper aims to go beyond the vulnerability of refugees, without neglecting the violence they endure. To do so, the study was conducted using a series of semi-structured interviews, complemented by an ethnological approach. \noach.","doi":"10.5204/ijcjsd.v9i3.1589","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c9d52d34305f0634c8ecb86120090cd7ce2dc8a3","result_position":35,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":142941501,"title":"Knowledge, ideology and power. Deconstructing Kurdish Studies","venue":"","year":2006,"authors":["Clémence Scalbert-Yücel","Marie Le Ray"],"abstract":"The idea for this issue arose out of a seminar we organised, together with Jean-Francois Perouse, in 2005-2006 at the Institut Francais d’Etudes Anatoliennes (IFEA) in Istanbul on the ‘Conditions of emergence of the Kurdish question within the Turkish academic field’. We noticed that since the 1990s there had been a growing interest among Turkish scholar on the topic of Kurds and Kurdish questions. Until this very recent period, speaking about Kurds was a genuine taboo in Turkish universities...","doi":"10.4000/EJTS.777","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3eb50f43c9f51ecbfb48c9d8ff2330b2ab32bd7f","result_position":36,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":132768198,"title":"Language shift among Kurds in Turkey: A spatial and demographic analysis","venue":"","year":2016,"authors":["Sinan Zeyneloğlu","I. Sirkeci","Yaprak Civelek"],"abstract":"This study explores language shift and interregional migration among Turkey’s Kurdish-origin population using census data as well as TDHS data. First, the geographical retraction of the Kurdish language between 1945 and 1965 is depicted using respective censuses as data sources. Second, patterns of intergenerational language shift and the effects of migration and education on this shift are elaborated utilising 2003 TDHS data and the 2000 Census data. Interregional mobility by birth regions and language concentration across Turkey has also been mapped. The Kurdish population in Turkey appears to be on the verge of near-universal bilingualism prompting concerns about the future of the language. ABSTRACT IN KURMANJI Guherina zimani di nav kurdan de li Tirkiyeye: Nirxandineke mekani u demografik Ev xebat, bi reya tehlilkirina daneyen serjimeriye u herwiha daneyen TDHSye, dikeve pey tegihistina guherina zimani u kocberiya nav-heremi di nav nufusa kurd-regez a Tirkiyeye de. Pesiye, bertengbuna coxrafi ya zimane kurdi di navbera 1945 u 1965an de bi reya tehlila daneyan hatiye nisandan. Pase, awa u qaliben ziman-guheriya ji nifseki bo nifse din u tesira kocberi u perwerdeye li ser we guherine hatine nirxandin bi reya bikaranina daneyen TDHSya 2003yan u serjimeriya 2000an. Herwiha, hereketa mirovan ya ji heremeke bo heremeke din li gor herema wan a jidayikbune, u paye u belavbuna zimanan li seransere Tirkiyeye hatiye bi nexsekirin. Wisa diyar e ku gele kurd li Tirkiyeye li ber duzimaniyeke seranseri ye, ku ev yek fikaran li dor paseroja zimani durist dike. ABSTRACT IN SORANI","doi":"10.33182/KS.V4I1.405","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4676d02f938fb40a46df90f203de7fb730f3f750","result_position":37,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":151880489,"title":"The ambiguities of democratic autonomy: the Kurdish movement in Turkey and Rojava","venue":"Exit from Democracy","year":2016,"authors":["M. Leezenberg"],"abstract":"Abstract This paper traces the ideology of democratic autonomy, as developed by PKK leader Abdullah Öcalan from the libertarian and anarchist writings of Murray Bookchin, as an alternative to the authoritarian and centralist nation state, not only in the Kurdish-inhabited provinces, but in Turkey at large. It explores, first, the ideological underpinnings and second, the practical implementation of democratic autonomy both in south-eastern Turkey and in north-eastern Syria, or Rojava. Divergences between the two, I will argue, are not merely the result of contradictions between ideology and practice, or of the PKK’s enduring Leninist vanguardism, but also arise because the ideology itself remains ambiguous or implicit on the questions of party organization and the legitimacy of armed resistance. These ambiguities help to account for the apparent tension between grassroots anarchism and Leninist centralism in democratic autonomy, not only in practice but also in theory.","doi":"10.1080/14683857.2016.1246529","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bf1b94ba8330142c16db20e0c863f4a90e29e106","result_position":38,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":247117013,"title":"Understanding PKK, Kurdish Hezbollah and ISIS Recruitment in Southeastern Turkey","venue":"Studies in Conflict & Terrorism","year":2022,"authors":["Kerem Övet","J. Hewitt","Tahir Abbas"],"abstract":"Abstract This paper provides an explanation for how the PKK, Kurdish Hezbollah, and ISIS, representing distinct ethno-nationalist, Islamist and ideologically motivated political movements, radicalize and recruit supporters in the regions of Eastern and Southeastern Turkey. In doing so, this paper contributes to ongoing theoretical debates about radicalization and recruitment. This study reveals how various regionally specific structural factors encourage radicalization and recruitment into violent politico-ideological movements. In particular, state oppression of ethnic minorities, economic inequalities, geography, and local demographics. While existing literature on radicalization focuses on push factors (structural) combined with pull factors (ideology), this research demonstrates that structural factors in Eastern and Southeastern Turkey are both push and pull factors in processes of radicalization.","doi":"10.1080/1057610X.2022.2042897","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d7de7a82d980942db90f38fd5be8529903ea62c4","result_position":39,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":158994146,"title":"RELATIONS BETWEEN TURKISH STATE AND KURDISH SOCIETY IN TURKEY","venue":"","year":2018,"authors":["Hawar Tahir"],"abstract":"A state-society relation in Turkey is the aim of this research which it divided on two different periods: between 1923 until 2002 and from 2002 until 2014. During these two different periods the Turkish state has implemented two distinct policies regarding to the Kurdish rights. Throughout the first period, under the shadow of secularism, isolation process has instigated towards the Kurdish society. In the second period, under the shadow of APK, some basic cultural norms have transformed in favor of the Kurds. This research is a comparative study of the Kurdish rights in Turkey during so-called two different periods.","doi":"10.26682/HJUOD.2018.20.1.1","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/080e3e61655d832321395d1b0d560da1dc191a53","result_position":40,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":144320678,"title":"Five stages of the construction of Kurdish nationalism in Turkey","venue":"","year":2001,"authors":["M. Yavuz"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1080/13537110108428635","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/90cf56559855c0c10b0e7f8890f71ffbca739e3d","result_position":41,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":144800682,"title":"The Turkish state discourse and the exclusion of Kurdish identity","venue":"","year":1996,"authors":["Mesut Yegen"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1080/00263209608701112","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/39cac0a3e2c615c7ce41cfc56eeaed30bd00cb2a","result_position":42,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":221597516,"title":"The Kurdish question in Turkish state discourse","venue":"","year":1999,"authors":["Mesut Yegen"],"abstract":null,"doi":"","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bc65a9db1f235d88cde5bd51c47b0c512db799c9","result_position":43,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":55336075,"title":"A look at mother tongue education in the context of the right to education","venue":"","year":2018,"authors":["Idris Sahin"],"abstract":"In Turkey, education in state schools can be delivered in foreign languages such as German, French and English. However, mother tongue education cannot be provided in the languages of minorities or local groups other than those officially accepted as minorities (that is, according to the Treaty of Lausanne). In this regard, the primary aim of this study was to reveal the views of postgraduate students (Masters (MA)/PhD) studying at a graduate school of educational sciences on mother tongue education and the applicability of mother tongue education in Turkey. The study was conducted with a total of 46 students, 28 MA and 18 PhD students. The data were gathered through semi-structured open-ended questions in November 2017. According to the findings, most of the participants viewed mother tongue education as one of the basic human rights. Moreover, while some of the participants thought that the country was not yet ready to provide education to non-official minorities or local communities in their mother tongues, some objected to mother tongue education with the concern that it would cause division within the country. \n \n Key words: Education, minorities, mother tongue, right to education, human rights.","doi":"10.5897/ERR2018.3485","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a297ff09c4c1ef0cc69b8f4249a733bd665bd65b","result_position":44,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":158766703,"title":"Teachers' Perception of the National Ideology of Kemalism and Its Effects on Kurdish Pupils","venue":"Universal Journal of Educational Research","year":2019,"authors":["Adem Ince"],"abstract":"This paper is based on an empirical study examining Turkish and Kurdish teachers' perception of the national ideology of Kemalism and its effects on Kurdish pupils. A semi-structured interview was conducted with 30 teachers working in the east/southeast provinces of Turkey, which are predominantly inhabited by Kurds. The findings revealed that the Kemalist ideology has serious negative effects on Kurdish pupils, as it directly excludes and alienates the Kurdish identity. This paper also showed that the dominance of Kemalism in education seems to trigger a lot of other issues existing in society such as the exclusion of non-Turks and polarisation.","doi":"10.13189/UJER.2019.070127","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cff95704fda7f8a48d80c3236df701f7a1242cc6","result_position":45,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":163107175,"title":"EVERYDAY FORMS OF STATE POWER AND THE KURDS IN THE EARLY TURKISH REPUBLIC","venue":"International Journal of Middle East Studies","year":2011,"authors":["Senem Aslan"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1017/S0020743810001200","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/58065a62f7cd20b7e66ffdc8e01ce51feff79d59","result_position":46,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":90044726,"title":"Resettlement and Reconstruction of Identity: The Case of the Kurds in Turkey","venue":"","year":2001,"authors":["J. Jongerden"],"abstract":"In the Republic of Turkey the government has been mired in an increasingly bitter war with the Kurdistan Workers Party (Partiya Karkeren Kurdistan, PKK). The PKK, formally established in 1978, launched its first offensive military operation in 1984. The PKK's impact was enormous. In the 1990s, the PKK was able to mobilise mass support among the Kurds. The Republic of Turkey was caught unprepared. In an effort to root out the PKK, the government of Turkey used indiscriminate counter-insurgency methods, also targeting the civilian population (Mater 1999; Dicle 1997; Bruinessen 1997; Kaplan 1996; Olson 1996; Amnesty International 1996; Zurcher 1995). State forces hoped to eliminate networks of logistic support for the PKK, among others, by means of forced evacuation and village destruction in Kurdish-populated rural areas.","doi":"10.1080/14718800108405092","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a68be241511af7dbf67fae4606e4d58e84620743","result_position":47,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":156065403,"title":"Economic Crises and the Social Structuring of Economic Hardship: The Impact of the 2001 Turkish Crisis","venue":"New Perspectives on Turkey","year":2011,"authors":["B. Rankin"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1017/S0896634600005926","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8f437beb91743c27262d282fb45298134d3cf423","result_position":48,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":143705131,"title":"Linguistic capital: Language as a socio-economic resource among Kurdish and Arabic women in Turkey","venue":"","year":2003,"authors":["J. Smits","A. Gündüz-Hoşgör"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1080/0141987032000109050","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d82c824ef01a2e188e41f0f5e07046b3359c0b02","result_position":49,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":55541628,"title":"Critical discourse analysis on the news about terrorism: An analytical study on Turkish media","venue":"","year":2016,"authors":["A. Töngür","Hakan Kara"],"abstract":"Today, combating terrorism is accepted as an international issue. Turkey has struggled with this problem for years. Combating terrorism is not only a matter for the state or government to address, but nongovernmental organizations must be contribute to the process of developing strategies and policies against terrorism. Media organs may have contribution in fighting against terrorism and newspapers which can be tools to combat terrorism are the subject of this study. Three newspapers were selected as samples of this study and news reports relating to terror and terrorism in these newspapers were analyzed according to Van Dijk’s Critical Discourse Analysis. As a result of the findings of this study, it is seen that media organs are not free from biases and ruling ideology and political view effects newspapers, magazines or televisions while presenting terror news. At the end of the study, some suggestions were developed especially for the stakeholders in the fight against terrorism.","doi":"10.14687/IJHS.V13I1.3663","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7b65dcc7dc5cf062531667dac371ddaef7626f24","result_position":50,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":144348894,"title":"Economic marginalization of Turkey's Kurds: the failed promise of modernization and reform","venue":"","year":1998,"authors":["P. White"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1080/13602009808716398","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d2648d31a2ba753bbb009a009ab4192de7451124","result_position":51,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":131787485,"title":"Mapping action and identity in the Kobani crisis response","venue":"","year":2016,"authors":["Thomas McGee"],"abstract":"This article compares humanitarian operations associated with Turkish state and pro-Kurdish movement actors in response to the large cross-border displacement of Kurdish-Syrians into Turkey from the September 2014 Kobani crisis. Analysis draws on actor mapping methodologies and fieldwork conducted in the Kurdish-majority town of Suruc in southern Turkey. Parallels with the 2011 Van earthquakes highlight the ethno-national complexities and potential controversy encountered when responding to humanitarian needs of predominantly Kurdish populations in Turkey. The alternative territorial identities generated by practices of Kurdish municipal-level “governmentality” (through camp management and humanitarian assistance) trouble the assumed hierarchy between Turkish state authorities and Kurdish challengers. ABSTRACT IN KURMANJI Bi nexsekirina calaki u nasnameyan di hewldanen qeyrana Kobani de Ev gotar wan hewl u calakiyen mirovi yen dewleta tirk u akteren hereketa kurdi berawird dike ku di hengava muhacirbuna kurden Suriyeye bo nav Tirkyeye de, anku dema qeyrana Kobani ya ilona 2014an, hatine encamdan. Tehlilen gotare xwe disperine metoden bi nexsekirina akteran u xebata meydani li Suruca pirani kurdnisin. Hevterib ligel zelzeleyen Wane yen 2011an, gotar isarete bi hebuna aloziyen qewmi-neteweyi u dubendiyen cor bi cor dike gava li Tirkiyeye hewl ji bo qetandina pediviyen jiyani yen kom u xelken kurd ten dan. Nasnameyen heremi yen alternativ ku encama siyaset u kiryaren “hukumraniya” kurdi ya di asta saredariyan de ne (bi reya revebirina kempan u arikariyen mirovi) zore dide we hiyerarsiya ferazi ya di navbera rayedaren dewleta tirk u berhelistkaren kurd de. ABSTRACT IN SORANI","doi":"10.33182/KS.V4I1.406","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e00609468898854cf77462d7b58f9933e653e503","result_position":52,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":143989725,"title":"Kurdish Lyrical Protest: The Terrain of Acoustic Migration","venue":"","year":2006,"authors":["A. Grossman","A. O'Brien"],"abstract":"There is a dearth of literature on the diasporic performance and circulation of Kurdish music. In response, this article foregrounds the thematic of acoustic memory and migration in the production of a performative ethnographic documentary about the exiled Kurdish singer and composer, Muhamed Abbas Bahram, one of many accomplished Kurdish musicians residing in Western Europe. The title of the documentary, Silent Song, alludes to a poem written in 1976 by a Kurdish radio and television broadcaster, commemorating the musician's refusal to perform in a concert at the Institute of Fine Arts in Baghdad before an audience of Ba'ath party members. Drawing on multi-sited visual ethnographic research integral to the production of Silent Song, the poem's subsequent translation into a musical score by Abbas Bahram is documented. The musician's resistant act is re-enacted for the purpose of the film on an Edinburgh stage, raising questions surrounding the re-construction of an historical event within a filmic present. This article highlights the position of the diasporic Kurdish musician as both social actor and performer in the context of the documentary's reflexive use of broadcast, satellite and electronically mediated communication technologies, characteristic of an evolving Kurdish public sphere.","doi":"10.1080/13691830500487365","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d3d6fd3acac9f7cb2e49194a9aeccf832a4b107e","result_position":53,"is_clicked":false},{"corpus_id":146896864,"title":"Introduction. Kurdish: Linguicide, resistance and hope","venue":"","year":2012,"authors":["A. Hassanpour","J. Sheyholislami","T. Skutnabb-Kangas,"],"abstract":null,"doi":"10.1515/ijsl-2012-0047","semantic_scholar_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c31912fbe0af565336c24e7039bcd36e8ff17460","result_position":54,"is_clicked":false}],"string":"[\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 258102306,\n \"title\": \"No Justice for Kurds: Turkish Supremacy and Kurdophobia\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Kurt\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract:The Kurds, as the world’s largest stateless nation, are subjected to extreme violence, discrimination, hostility, and racism in contemporary Turkey. I formulate this around the concept of Turkish supremacy and explain how this supremacy is historically rooted, institutionally reinforced, and socially reproduced in the racist habitus of Turkey. Kurdophobia is integral to Turkish supremacy, which needs to invoke racism against Kurds to sustain its position.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1353/sor.2021.0052\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ba69c189d2d5264e0e8eec2968b32d4a42fafeb0\",\n \"result_position\": 0,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 55625555,\n \"title\": \"Losing the One, Caring for the All: The Activism of the Peace Mothers in Turkey\",\n \"venue\": \"The social science\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"N. Göksel\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This article focuses on the political activism of the Peace Mothers in Turkey, a group of Kurdish mothers whose children were either Partiya Karkerên Kurdistan (PKK) guerrillas or political dissidents during the conflict between the Turkish state and the PKK. The peace activism of the Mothers is a distinctive case that speaks to the tension between the domains of the familial and the political—a tension that appears in everyday discussions as well as in feminist literature. In this article, I suggest that the Peace Mothers’ struggle to bridge national and local peace-making ideals is a subtle effort to resolve that tension and to transform the realms of family and politics. The mobilization around “motherhood” aims at peace on the national scale, but has led to an unexpected form of activism in the Kurdish community, where the Mothers now mediate local family conflicts in the wake of war. While the Mothers’ activism has not been successful in achieving its main goal of securing a national peace settlement, I argue that it transforms both the political and the familial spheres to a significant extent. The Mothers conceive of motherhood broadly: as the state of being an agent with the capacity to connect to the All via a sense of loss and care. In engaging with feminist debates on motherhood, activism, and care, this article presents a novel framework for understanding the persistent boundary between the political and the familial and calls attention to the role of gendered politics and maternal activism in understudied local settings.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/SOCSCI7100174\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/70bbf3691f08aee8894ca8e9b36ae461e4b9a207\",\n \"result_position\": 1,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 134273880,\n \"title\": \"ISTANBUL PAST AND PRESENT: A LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPE PERSPECTIVE\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of International Scientific Researches\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"John N. Wendel\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This paper reports on a linguistic landscape study undertaken in Istanbul, Turkey from August 2016 to March 2017. A linguistics landscape study takes account of all the visible language typically found on signs in a bounded area such as a city, a commercial district or neighborhood. Combining historical, demographic and other data, a linguistic landscape analysis generates insights into the past and present-day interrelationships between languages in the context of their communities: in short, a sociolinguistic profile. Several such studies have been carried out in major urban centers such as Tokyo (Backhaus 2007) and Antwerp (Blommaert 2013). This is the first ever linguistic landscape study of Istanbul. This paper has two parts. Following a brief introduction to linguistic landscape studies, Part I reports on a survey of ten Istanbul mahalle (districts). The results of this quantitative analysis reveal, among other things, the overall dominance of the Turkish language throughout the greater share of Istanbul’s landscapes (69% monolingual Turkish signage across the landscapes surveyed); the pervasiveness of English (comprising 51% monolingual English of the total signage in one district); and the emerging visibility and importance of Arabic (12% monolingual Arabic in one district). Part II of the study examines Istanbul’s landscape as a whole from a more nuanced, qualitative perspective. This analysis is thematic in nature and will focus on the dynamic and volatile aspects of Istanbul’s linguistic landscapes as they transform and adapt to political and social upheavals and the changing realities in present-day Turkey. The results, on the one hand, show how recent commercial, social and political trends shape and configure distinct sociolinguistic regimes in each of Istanbul’s districts, and, on the other hand, reveal how the linguistic ‘deposits’ force a historicization of the linguistic landscape in the analysis. Among other things, these results demonstrate that linguistic landscapes cannot be ‘read’ or understood in any meaningful sense without, at the same time, bringing to bear on the interpretation past and present social, political, demographic events and trends.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.21733/IBAD.454330\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3d7464fb5ae2b90024a7a119db801a9a633ec188\",\n \"result_position\": 2,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 273871477,\n \"title\": \"Addressing epistemic violence and methodological nationalism through a meta-analytical review on intergroup contact and conflict studies in Turkey\",\n \"venue\": \"Journal of Social and Political Psychology\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. S. Uysal\",\n \"Ercan Şen\",\n \"Elif Sandal-Önal\",\n \"Y. Acar\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This paper provides an examination of intergroup contact research in the context of the Turkish-Kurdish ‘conflict’ through a meta-analytical scoping review. By doing so, we discuss how dominant biases in the literature such as methodological nationalism and epistemic violence influence research practices and knowledge-production systems in conflict and contact studies conducted under colonial rule. Through a thematic investigation, we found four variables that were commonly tested in intergroup contact studies: i) attitudes towards outgroup, ii) support for minority rights or multiculturalism, iii) perception of discrimination against the minority group, and iv) ethnic identity. We conducted four meta-analyses using a pool of 28 studies conducted in Turkey to unpack the associations of intergroup contact with: i) outgroup attitudes (r = .42; n = 5,624), ii) support for minority rights and multiculturalism (r = -.06ns; n = 1,567), iii) perception of discrimination against Kurds (r = .22; n = 2,431), and iv) ethnic identity (r = -.13; n = 4,636). The results demonstrated a moderate to strong relationship between intergroup contact and positive outgroup attitudes, while the findings were less robust for support for minority rights, perception of discrimination against Kurds, and ethnic identity. Furthermore, the group status and sample characteristics of the studies moderate the relationships between variables. Based on the findings and a critical analysis of the current literature, we discuss the limitations of the existing research and critical points for future studies.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5964/jspp.13241\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/44a6161ca6c087b130ada3265184b68df41512a4\",\n \"result_position\": 3,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 269875526,\n \"title\": \"Permissive prejudice in localized authoritarian consolidation: evidence from Turkey's municipalities\",\n \"venue\": \"Democratization\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Lisel Hintz\",\n \"Harun Ercan\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"ABSTRACT What strategies do competitive authoritarian regimes use to target local-level opposition gains? How and why can these strategies vary subnationally? We analyse how national-level identity politics shapes regimes’ repression calculus at the local level. We suggest permissive prejudice leads regimes to choose harsher strategies in localities governed by stigmatized minority groups than in majority-led localities. To study this phenomenon, we identify three strategies varying in degrees of severity and visibility, and present an original dataset of repressive events in Turkey’s municipalities from 2016–2022. We argue anti-Kurdish prejudice explains the ruling AKP’s use of a harsh strategy of leader replacement in 149 cases of Kurdish-led municipalities yet only one Turkish-led municipality. Supporting our claim, the AKP used behind-the-scenes hamstringing to obstruct opposition mayors in Turkish-led municipalities. Our findings highlight the permissive and restrictive roles that identity politics plays in shaping local-level repression and wider patterns of authoritarian consolidation.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/13510347.2024.2353975\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/103cdfd94d9496cef9bdcb02c47e7aaaca0694bf\",\n \"result_position\": 4,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 264322665,\n \"title\": \"Negotiating Monolingual Official Language Policy at the Nexus of Locally Situated Language Practices and Dominant Language Ideologies in a Language Minority Context\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Early Childhood\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"V. Lytra\",\n \"Iskender Gelir\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This paper examines how children and teachers negotiate the official Turkish only language policy as they manage their linguistic resources (Turkish and Kurmanji) in one Turkish preschool serving predominantly emergent bilingual Kurdish minority children. Using a critical ethnographic lens to language-in-education policy making (Martin-Jones and Da Costa Gabral, in: Tollefson, Pérez-Milans (eds) The Oxford handbook of language policy and planning, Oxford University Press, 2018), the study investigates how children and teachers navigate locally situated language practices and language ideologies that accord legitimacy and authority to standard Turkish and officially invisibilise Kurmanji in the preschool. Findings indicate that acting as agentive social actors teachers and children do not merely comply to the Turkish only language policy but they also adapt, recast, and contest it in social interaction. They stress the need to rethink the language-in-education policy in the Turkish educational system in ways that recognise and leverage teachers and children’s entire linguistic repertoires and experiences for teaching and learning.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1007/s13158-023-00368-9\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/32f8d97090a6e76a8ade68fc401ac42bf4ea3e08\",\n \"result_position\": 5,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 266472694,\n \"title\": \"Radical Habitus\",\n \"venue\": \"Current Anthropology\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Mashuq Kurt\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This article investigates trajectories and sociopolitical drivers of youth radicalization in Turkey in the context of the Syrian war and the Kurdish national struggle. It proposes a conceptual framework (radical habitus) to better understand contemporary radicalization phenomena. Drawing on 18 months of ethnographic research, conducted between 2015 and 2018 in Turkish-Syrian border cities, in Istanbul, and in a refugee camp in Greece, I offer an anthropological intervention in the study of radicalization. Radicalization scholarship is often concerned with ideological factors and the immediate social circles of radicalized individuals while underplaying the macrolevel hegemonic forces that shape their lived reality and habitus. I argue that we must examine power relations, structural inequalities, perceived injustices, and young people’s political subjectivities in order to better understand what propels radicalization. I propose that radicalization is a relational and gradual process triggered by a set of complex power relations between state and substate actors across religious, sectarian, ethnonational, and class lines, the interactions of which shape what I call a radical habitus.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1086/727896\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/96049996720a341c558360ce223aba9f0d4498af\",\n \"result_position\": 6,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 239653626,\n \"title\": \"Labour Market Segmentation within Ethnic Economies: The Ethnic Penalty for Invisible Kurdish Migrants in the United Kingdom\",\n \"venue\": \"Work, Employment and Society\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Mehmet Rauf Kesici\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Despite the extensive literature on the labour market outcomes of migration, little attention has been given to labour market inequalities within ethnic economies containing internal ethnicity. This article, using a field-study, multi-segmented labour market approach and the enclave hypothesis, contributes to the literature by demonstrating the key roles of different migration patterns and ethnic disparities in shaping labour market segmentation. It focuses on how and why Kurdish migrants are located in the lower segments of the labour market in their shared ethnic (migrant) economy in London. It argues that the Kurds’ underprivileged position associated with an ethnic penalty for them in the UK results from their relatively recent migration history, (un)documented asylum status and the ongoing persecution against them in Turkey. The article concludes that different migration histories, particular motivations for migration and ethnic disparities stratify migrants into distinct segments of the labour market in the country of destination.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1177/09500170211034761\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d3a70e1fadab32ef918d943450305f35f7405f96\",\n \"result_position\": 7,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 235035556,\n \"title\": \"TRANS-LOCALITY AMONG KURDS – THE CASE OF TURKEY\",\n \"venue\": \"Studia Humanistyczne AGH\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Karol P. Kaczorowski\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The article aims at presenting trans-local aspects of Kurdish society and especially trans-local ties maintained by Kurds in Turkey, particularly in Istanbul. Inspired by transnational theories in migration and diaspora studies, the author proposes a categorization of Kurdish migration waves and waves of internal migration in Turkey. Drawing on in-depth interviews conducted with Kurds in Istanbul, the paper depicts ways of maintaining ties with the country’s Kurdish regions and types of social organizing around their culture and perceived needs. The paper also offers insights into contemporary Kurdish migration in Turkey, leading to the conclusion that although trans-locality has often been forced on Kurds, the socio-political situation in 2002–2015 led to the emergence of a new, trans-local, socially active Kurdish elite in Turkey\",\n \"doi\": \"10.7494/HUMAN.2020.19.2.25\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/247c29356ce6cc707771113cbe510de63badb6af\",\n \"result_position\": 8,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 155887034,\n \"title\": \"Social Integration of Immigrants within the Linguistically Diverse Workplace: A Systematic Review\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Vibha Kaushik\",\n \"C. Walsh\",\n \"Diana Haefele\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Due to international migration, a large number of workplaces are becoming linguistically diverse. This creates challenges for the workplace integration of immigrants and increases the risk of their social exclusion. A systematic review was conducted to determine the effects of linguistic diversity on social integration of immigrants within the workplace. Articles were identified by reviewing abstracts in electronic databases using keywords related to linguistic diversity, social integration, immigrants and workplace. The search yielded ten peer reviewed articles, published in English, between 2000 and 2014. Information was extracted and synthesized from both quantitative and qualitative studies. The studies were found to be concerned on: (1) social integration or social inclusion/exclusion, (2) social interaction and inter-group perception, and (3) accent discrimination. Smooth social and professional assimilation and the equality of opportunities for the immigrants were considered as the determining factors of their complete social integration in the workplace. Most studies in this review established a connection between social integration and local language skills; some indicated that racial discrimination and ethnicity based stereotyping contributes to social exclusion of immigrants, particularly when the studies involved visible minorities. The review enhances our understanding of challenges of complete social integration faced by immigrants and reinforces the need to invest in policies and program aimed at preventing marginalization of immigrants. Due to limited number of studies identified by this review and the variation in findings, further research is necessary to investigate the role of linguistic diversity in the workplace integration of immigrants in immigrant receiving countries.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.18533/RSS.V1I1.5\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/879bc6b3ba1c437f593c5e0a4c7f98e4db545f77\",\n \"result_position\": 9,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 270465669,\n \"title\": \"The intellectual justification of sovereign power: representations of the Kurds in Turkish scholarship\",\n \"venue\": \"Critical Policy Studies\",\n \"year\": 2024,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Idris Ahmedi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"ABSTRACT Through scrutiny of academic research in the context of ethnic conflict, the present article advances the agenda of critical policy studies. To that end, it conducts a case study of representations of the Kurds in Turkish scholarship and aims to highlight a nexus between nationalism, state policy, and scholarship. Two arguments are advanced herein. First, Turkish scholars who adhere to the dominant nationalist ideology in Turkey represent the Kurds in accordance with the dictates of this ideology and justify sovereign power in the maintenance of relations of ethnic domination and subordination. Second, while Turkey no longer denies the physical existence of the Kurds, the state and Turkish scholars persist in withholding recognition of Kurdish identity. The scholars in question do so under pretenses of scientific objectivity, political universalism, and a commitment to peace. However, the lingering of the policy of denial and the justification of it constitute a fundamental hurdle to a peaceful resolution of the Kurdish issue. A critical approach to state policy and scholarship not only makes it possible to debunk pretenses of scientific objectivity and political universalism, but may also be more conducive to scholarly autonomy and commitment to peace in societies marked by ethnic conflict.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/19460171.2024.2364206\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0110c8d695dfe23e0643fed169260af65db96c01\",\n \"result_position\": 10,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 258500931,\n \"title\": \"Ensuring the Cultural Rights of Kurdish Minority in Türkiye: Necessity, Challenges, Solutions\",\n \"venue\": \"Age of Human Rights Journal\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Fazaeli\",\n \"Mousa Karami\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Being in non-dominant position and forming one of the largest ethnic groups numerically in Türkiye (previously Turkey), Kurds constitute an ethnic minority. The main argument of this article is that neglecting and disrespecting the cultural rights (CRs) of this group has led to transformation of a social challenge to a political one which ultimately resulted in a security challenge through an armed movement by P.K.K. in the 1980s. Employing a descriptive-analytical method to analyse the content, the present article aims at investigating the necessity of, challenges to and solutions for ensuring CRs of Kurdish minority. It appears that ensuring the cultural rights of Kurdish minority in Türkiye is a pressing necessity particularly for preserving cultural diversity as the common heritage of humanity and maintaining national, regional and international peace and security. Furthermore, the main challenges with which ensuring CRs of Kurds in Türkiye is facing are weak international belief in cultural rights, lack of sufficient national and international monitoring bodies and effective enforcing mechanisms, and dominance of Kemalism as the founding ideology of Republic of Türkiye. Accordingly, the solutions for eliminating these challenges can be strengthening the foundations and developing the sources of cultural rights of ethnic minorities, activating the national and international monitoring bodies and criminalising certain examples of violations of cultural rights and predicting effective sanctions. No article has been written on the necessity of, challenges to and solutions for ensuring the CRs of Kurdish minority in Türkiye in a single piece. Addressing these factors from the perspective of CRs as human rights, this article contributes in filling the existing gap in literature in this regard.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.17561/tahrj.v20.7329\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6802d373a3acba790eaeb0acee246a1e83f27515\",\n \"result_position\": 11,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 195817552,\n \"title\": \"Enacting intersectional multilayered citizenship: Kurdish women’s politics\",\n \"venue\": \"Gender, Place & Culture: A Journal of Feminist Geography\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Umut Erel\",\n \"Necla Açık\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract Focusing on the institutional aspects of the Kurdish women’s movement in Turkey since the 1990s the article shows how it established a consciousness within the Kurdish national movement that gender equality is a cornerstone of democracy and ethnic rights. We frame this through theories of enacting intersectional multilayered citizenship and identify three key interventions: autonomous women’s assemblies, women’s quotas in pro-Kurdish rights parties and the co-chair system where all elected positions within the pro-Kurdish parties are jointly occupied by a male and female. These have achieved a better representation of women in formal politics, rendered gender equality and sexual violence legitimate subjects of politics and contributed to establishing an aspiration for a more dialogic political ethos. While the women’s movement’s close affiliation with the Kurdish national movement has been highly effective, it also in part circumscribes gender roles to fit its agendas.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/0966369X.2019.1596883\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3601afe8061bf5616a1bb1f0fd1c70bf4c5ff016\",\n \"result_position\": 12,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 265245292,\n \"title\": \"The Kurdish Conflict in Turkey: The Central Role of Identity Recognition (or Lack Thereof)\",\n \"venue\": \"Ethnopolitics\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Suren Jamal Mohammed\",\n \"David Romano\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract Academics and state officials over the years have put forth a host of factors to explain armed insurrections in Turkey since the 1920s. From ‘religious reactionaries’ and ‘underdevelopment’ to ‘foreign intervention,’ ‘economic inequality’ and ‘identity-based grievances.’ What sort of explanation one subscribes to generally seems to depend on either one’s politics or simply which analysis sounds most plausible and convincing. This study looks for evidence from the insurrections in Turkey to help shed more light on the issue. We examine the stated demands and grievances of the rebels fighting the Turkish state in the major uprisings of the twentieth century (1925, 1927–1930, 1937 and 1978 onwards). Judging from their own statements, the recognition of Kurdish identity was central to all these episodes. No other issue appears so prominently in all the uprisings. The study then turns to theoretical work on protracted conflicts and ethnic conflicts to explain why identity recognition is of such importance. Following this analysis, parameters to resolve the Kurdish conflict in Turkey are examined in light of these observations. Solutions to end the conflict need to begin first and foremost with official identity recognition and acceptance of the Kurds, as Kurds. The rest consists of issues to be negotiated.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/17449057.2023.2275229\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/42aa0a216ebdf96526a4f869c99d2e9c95c51b98\",\n \"result_position\": 13,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 248455831,\n \"title\": \"From Dengbêj to Modern Writer: Heritagization of the Kurdish Oral Tradition and Revitalization of the Kurdish Language in the Works of Mehmed Uzun and Mehmet Dicle\",\n \"venue\": \"Iran studies\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Joanna Bocheńska\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract Based on a textual analysis of the selected works of two writers from Turkey, Mehmed Uzun (1953–2007) and Mehmet Dicle (b.1977), as well as interviews with Kurdish writers and folklore collectors, this study focuses on the links between Kurdish folklore and modern Kurdish literature. Following Gregory Ashcroft's take on heritage, I argue that Kurdish writers’ approach to folkloric motives has evolved through the impact of growing literary experience, inspiration from world literature and deepening knowledge of the Kurdish oral tradition. What is more, Kurdish literature can be treated as an example of cultural and language revitalization, which – according to Justyna Olko – is based on acting in and through the heritage language. Following Doreen Massey's concept of a progressive sense of place, I identify Uzun and Dicle's strategy as linking the local to the universal, suggesting that Kurdish literature should be analyzed within the context of a political geography beyond nationalism.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1017/irn.2022.1\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/de3df7a762020bc1e17fe7e383bbc38502f66a3b\",\n \"result_position\": 14,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 253860298,\n \"title\": \"The state of kurdish language through public policies in Turkey after 1980\",\n \"venue\": \"Revista Amazonía investiga\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Recep Bilgin\",\n \"Seydali Ekici\",\n \"Fatih Sezgin\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Making of public policies is a process through which the state determines relevant topics for the sake of its citizens and implements them. In Turkey, the public policies about Kurdish language after 1980 are outstanding such that the actors of coup d’état eagerly embraced the former idea of nation state which theoretically requires one common language in the borders of the given country. In parallel with this notion, the soldiers, who are the impeccable followers of Kemalist idea, put much pressure on local languages in Turkey, especially Kurdish language. They made some laws and forbade other languages than Turkish. But later, the conservative governments reigned in Turkey which had different ideas about this topic. As they got the opportunities, they made use of them so as to improve the situation for that language. The conservative governments handled this topic in the realm of freedom and human rights and created different public policies, so the adventure of Kurdish Language followed a much different track under different governments. This is a qualitative study, and the data were compiled from the related literature and evaluated accordingly.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.34069/ai/2022.56.08.30\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fb1c6b170ffb912de10ee00a065e761d228731fd\",\n \"result_position\": 15,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 255521342,\n \"title\": \"Oppression and internalized oppression as an emerging theme in accessing healthcare: findings from a qualitative study assessing first-language related barriers among the Kurds in Turkey\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal for Equity in Health\",\n \"year\": 2023,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Tevfik Bayram\",\n \"S. Sakarya\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Background Language has been well documented to be a key determinant of accessing healthcare. Most of the literature about language barrier in accessing healthcare is in the context of miscommunication. However, it is critical to consider the historical and political contexts and power dynamics underlying actions. The literature in this matter is short. In this paper we aimed to find out how first-language affects access to healthcare for people who do not speak the official language, with a particular focus on language oppression. Methods We conducted this qualitative study based on patient-reported experiences of the Kurds in Turkey, which is a century-long oppressed population. We conducted 12 in-depth interviews (all ethnically Kurdish, non-Turkish speaking) in Şırnak, Turkey, in 2018–2019 using maximum variation strategy. We used Levesque’s ‘Patient-Centred Access to Healthcare’ framework which addresses individual and structural dimensions to access. Results We found that Kurds who do not speak the official language face multiple first-language related barriers in accessing healthcare. Poor access to health information, poor patient-provider relationship, delay in seeking health care, dependence on others in accessing healthcare, low adherence to treatments, dissatisfaction with services, and inability to follow health rights were main issues. As an unusual outcome, we discovered that the barrier processes in accessing healthcare are particularly complicated in the context of oppression and its internalization. Internalized oppression, as we found in our study, impairs access to healthcare with creating a sense of reluctance to seek healthcare, and impairs their individual and collective agency to struggle for change. Conclusions A human-rights-based top-down policy shift, and a bottom-up community empowerment approach is needed. At the system level, official recognition of oppressed populations, acknowledgement of the determinants of their health; and incorporating their language in official capacities (particularly education and healthcare) is crucial. Interventions should include raising awareness among relevant professions and stakeholders that internalized oppression is an issue in accessing healthcare to be considered. Given that internalized oppression can be in other forms than language or ethnicity, future research aimed at examining other aspects of access to healthcare should pay a special attention to internalized oppression.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1186/s12939-022-01824-z\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8ce0890b41d7896ef12d71677e64903363e8222d\",\n \"result_position\": 16,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 238713979,\n \"title\": \"The Kurdish Women’s Movement in Turkey and Its Struggle for Gender Justice\",\n \"venue\": \"Histories\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ina Merdjanova\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This paper looks at the Kurdish women’s struggles for gender justice at the intersection of two diverse social movements in Turkey: the Kurdish national movement, on the one hand, and the Turkish feminist movement, on the other. It argues that the Kurdish Women’s Movement (KWM) has functioned as a powerful process of learning for both men and women in the Kurdish community and in the larger society. It has destabilized and transformed the feudal–patriarchal relations and norms in the Kurdish community, the lingering sexism in the Kurdish movement, and the majoritarian constraints in the Turkish feminist movement.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3390/histories1030018\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3cc3f9beea93639e1f16ed80489d6c785408c23f\",\n \"result_position\": 17,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 158662802,\n \"title\": \"KURDISH IDENTITY AND SPORTS IN TURKEY: THE CASE OF AMEDSPOR\",\n \"venue\": \"Society Register\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Daǧhan Irak\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The Kurds, the largest minority in Turkey, have almost no visibility in Turkish sports. While Kurdish sportspeople are not discouraged from joining in sports activities, their participation is heavily monitored by the government agencies against any manifestation of ethnic identity. Football in the Kurdish regions, seen by the Turkish state as a tool to distract Kurdish youth from political activities, has always been subject to the direct intervention of the civil and military bureaucracy, their presence in club boards is not uncommon. However, a third-division club named Amedspor, challenged all the unwritten rules related to Kurds in sports, at the expense of receiving a recurring suspension from the Turkish Football Federation. This article examines the Kurdish sports and the Amedspor case through Manuel Castells’ conception of legitimizing, resistance and project identities\",\n \"doi\": \"10.14746/SR.2018.2.1.04\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/07b9c21c66c02464b1f5734a025f9713a3df0680\",\n \"result_position\": 18,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 229477247,\n \"title\": \"How populists securitize elections to win them: the 2015 double elections in Turkey\",\n \"venue\": \"New Perspectives on Turkey\",\n \"year\": 2021,\n \"authors\": [\n \"O. Şahin\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This study presents a new theoretical framework for understanding one of the ways in which populists generate support in elections. It argues that populist movements securitize elections by triggering perceptions of ontological insecurity among voters. Through this strategy, populist movements amplify voters’ negative image of the country they live in and the challenges they face, which contributes to populist movements’ electoral success. Building upon this theoretical framework, this study offers an explanation for the 2015 double general elections in Turkey. The Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, AKP) experienced disappointment after losing its parliamentary majority in the June 2015 elections. However, the AKP increased its votes by 8.6 percent in the November 2015 elections. Between these two elections, the AKP had used the Kurdish question to trigger perceptions of ontological insecurity, which enabled it to securitize the elections in November. This strategy helped the AKP win the November elections.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1017/npt.2020.34\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/274143275384e5e0a8cd653a9b6f84c0385fccbd\",\n \"result_position\": 19,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 148235196,\n \"title\": \"Kurdish Language Class in New York: A Platform for Social, Political and (Inter)personal Engagement\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Renata Archanjo\",\n \"Demet Arpacik\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Every country that encompasses Kurdistan faces extermination efforts, meaning that the Kurdish language has found refuge mainly in exile and has been associated increasingly with the Kurdish identity and with the political struggle of the Kurdish people. The present study looks at a very special case; a voluntarily-initiated Kurdish language class that takes place in the middle of Manhattan, New York, at a prestigious public university. We conducted interviews with 3 students and the teacher of the class to understand the dynamics within and beyond the Kurdish language class, the interplay of their political ideologies, as well as the intricate process of identity negotiation through language practices. Results indicate that through the language class, people are exercising the right to a language, the right to a culture and the right of a people. Participants are challenging and resisting established relations of power and transforming the educational space into a space of freedom.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5565/REV/JTL3.676\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d92ba2feca03d5c2dd3ebc47cf5a28f24b74e9a3\",\n \"result_position\": 20,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 220126993,\n \"title\": \"Unravelling Histories of Displacement: The Protracted Refugeehood of Syrian Kurds in Istanbul\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Adnan Keği\",\n \"Saygun Gökarıksel\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This paper critically engages with Turkey’s refugee governance by offering insight into the daily struggles, aspirations, and longings of Syrian Kurdish migrants living in the inner-city neighbourhood of Demirkap?, Istanbul. It aims to sketch a multifaceted Kurdish geography of displacements beyond nation-state borders and to show how social differences and hierarchies of class, gender, and ethnicity shape greatly the experiences of the groups living in the neighbourhood. The paper is based on an ethnographic field research that consists of first-hand observations, conversations, and 25 semistructured in-depth interviews with Kurdish migrants. The emplaced, ethnographic research is particularly promising to understand the daily lives of migrants and their multi-layered history of displacement and migration within and across borders. This history, we underscore, is not a past history, but one that unfolds in the present, within the current social hierarchies and in the midst of the ongoing crises in Syria and Iraq that poignantly shape the feelings, expectations, and memories of the Kurdish people currently living in Demirkap?. Each life trajectory, that we briefly describe, involves a strenuous effort to establish a relatively stable and enriching life under the precarious conditions of ongoing crises and authoritarian neoliberal capitalism.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.28943/csr.004.002\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8e0e435f21117d01f14a2d9cc11a91ceb8e855a3\",\n \"result_position\": 21,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 159398702,\n \"title\": \"Peace Process Pathologies: A Comparative Analysis of the Breakdown of the Israeli-Palestinian and Turkish-Kurdish Peace Processes\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Weiss\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Despite the significant differences between the issues under contention, the Oslo peace process between Israel and the Palestinians and the “solution process” between Turkey and the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) were plagued by common dysfunctions that militated against their success. A comparative investigation points to several salient common denominators that rendered both peace processes susceptible to collapse, including the inadequate identification of the end goals of negotiations by the conflicting parties, mistrust and societal polarization. Over-reaching security measures enacted by the stronger side in each conflict (Israel and Turkey) that stifled freedom of expression, conflated lawful dissent with criminality, tended towards collective punishment and undermined the ability of the weaker parties to organize in the political arena and negotiate effectively also contributed to the breakdown of negotiations. Systematic analysis of these peace process pathologies will suggest critical “lessons learned” from which fellow researchers and policymakers can glean valuable insights.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.24819/NETSOL2018.06\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b17d0397771bd31f4c6ea2f4756c404d48c59747\",\n \"result_position\": 22,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 196019026,\n \"title\": \"The Minority Languages Dilemmas in Turkey: A Critical Approach to an Emerging Literature.\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Burhan Ozfidan\",\n \"L. Burlbaw\",\n \"H. Aydin\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.5296/JEI.V4I1.11498\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f870722878ec049d0bf34e23088497e52b5b6887\",\n \"result_position\": 23,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 53403153,\n \"title\": \"Debates on inter-ethnic marriages: assimilation or integration? The Turkish perspective\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2012,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Gültekin\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This paper opens a new debate on ethnic intermarriage between Kurdish and Turkish people in Turkey. It addresses how the institution of marriage has become a political subject in the wake of the foundation of the republic and classifies these marriages according to their social and cultural environment. In order to understand the phenomenon, it opens a sociological investigation into the assimilation, integration and hybridisation processes involved in intermarriage between Kurdish and Turkish people. This paper looks at spoken language as an instrument of cultural continuity and a vector for the transfer of cultural institutions to future generations within a traditional-patriarchal society. It establishes a connection between the subjects of assimilation, integration and hybridisation with those of intermarriage and language.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5565/REV/PAPERS/V97N1.282\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/00d2ada49b2d9ffcb14d02a9df812867991cce90\",\n \"result_position\": 24,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 204445448,\n \"title\": \"Polish supplementary schools in Great Britain: a case study of the Polish School of Manchester\",\n \"venue\": \"Beyond Philology : An International Journal of Linguistics, Literary Studies and English Language Teaching\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Maciej Rataj\",\n \"Małgorzata Rocławska-Daniluk\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The aim of this paper is to present and discuss the results of a small-scale pilot study of attitudes towards Polish and English conducted at a Polish supplementary school in Manchester, England. The intro-ductory part of the paper presents definitions of bilingualism and bilingual education as well as a variety of approaches and policies concerning bilingual education in the world. This is followed by some basic data on Polish immigrants living in the UK and Polish supplementary schools in the UK. The questionnaire used to elicit the data consists of two sets of questions: one concerns Polish and the other English. The questions and the answers elicited are discussed and compared, with the final concluding part focused on attitudes to Polish, which is the native language of the informants’ families.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.26881/BP.2018.1.08\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/efd0f7dd554ac37ac98b77c9ebae32f8eea87c92\",\n \"result_position\": 25,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 9559750,\n \"title\": \"Completing the fertility transition\",\n \"venue\": \"Demographic Research\",\n \"year\": 2006,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Sutay Yavuz\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The purpose of the present study is to examine third birth dynamics by mother tongue group in Turkey, a country that has reached the advanced stage of its fertility transition. Third-birth intensities of Turkish speaking mothers are lower than Kurdish speaking mothers and the decline in fertility started much later for the latter group. Kurdish speaking women who cannot read and who live in more customary marriages have the highest third birth risk. We demonstrate that to understand contemporary fertility change in Turkey, it is necessary to consider a combination of individual socio-economic and cultural factors.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.4054/DEMRES.2006.15.15\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/83bda47785d6c161e4121a3853d2634807d970f4\",\n \"result_position\": 26,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 248928238,\n \"title\": \"The Status of Women in Kurdish Society and the Extent of Their Interactions in Public Realm\",\n \"venue\": \"SAGE Open\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Hooshmand Alizadeh\",\n \"J. Kohlbacher\",\n \"Sara Qadir Mohammed\",\n \"Salah Vaisi\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Apart from the traditional Kurdish gender regime, which originates from the Kurdish tribal structure and which to some extent restricts the visibility of women in society, the status of Kurdish women is considered to be relatively high in comparison with that of their neighbors, since Kurdish women enjoy relative tolerance in society. This includes the possibility of reaching high professional positions, their presence in public spaces, and entertaining guests in the absence of their husbands. Certain socio-economic and political transformations took place in recent decades, which improved Kurdish women’s social standing, turning it into a symbol representing fundamental change in the gender role model in the Middle East. Although there are some studies on the status of Kurdish women in different individual Kurdish regions throughout the Middle East, not many reviews have compared the four parts of Kurdistan simultaneously, and there are hardly any specific analyses dealing with Kurdish women’s interactions in public spaces. This review aims to investigate the status of women in Kurdish society in different Kurdish regions according to a comparative approach. Although the path of Kurdish female emancipation was initiated first in the region of Rojhalat in 1946 and the Kurdish region of Iraq was granted some opportunities toward national liberation in 1991, the Bakur in Turkey can be considered a successful movement, establishing a sustained approach to the liberation of Kurdish women from patriarchal structures. During the Rojava Revolution in northern Syria, this movement proved itself able to build an indigenous alternative to Western-type egalitarian societies.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1177/21582440221096441\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/37e40f6505ac9a7d9f4ffaea9c61a7f7c49c5e00\",\n \"result_position\": 27,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 257276210,\n \"title\": \"Self-Determination of the Kurdish People: Undermining the Unity of the «Turkish Nation»?\",\n \"venue\": \"IFF Paper Online\",\n \"year\": 2015,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Ieva Vezbergaite\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"2 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 3 1. Right to self-determination of peoples and the Kurds ............................... 4 1.1. Right to self-determination ................................................................. 4 1.2. Definition of a «people» ..................................................................... 5 1.3. The «Kurdish question» in Turkey ..................................................... 7 2. Unity of «Turkish nation» .......................................................................... 8 2.1. Constitutional status of the «Turkish nation» ..................................... 8 2.2. Dissolution of pro-Kurdish parties ...................................................... 9 2.3. National unity vs. self-determination ................................................ 12 3. Impediments for conflict resolution ......................................................... 13 Conclusion ..................................................................................................... 14 References ..................................................................................................... 15\",\n \"doi\": \"10.51363/unifr.diff.2015.09\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/567694f42c314ae4ad1e42c3bd2c3e2389af6a8b\",\n \"result_position\": 28,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 249910606,\n \"title\": \"Post-conflict Urban Renewal as an Ethnocratic Regime Practice: Racialized Governance of Redevelopment in Diyarbakir, Turkey\",\n \"venue\": \"Frontiers in Sustainable Cities\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Deniz Ay\",\n \"Kaner Atakan Turker\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This paper explores the governance of a state-led urban renewal project in a politically contested area in the aftermath of a major armed conflict. Building on the ethnocratic regime theory, we explore the governance of the urban renewal process in the historic district of Suriçi by focusing on the political, spatial, and governmental underpinnings of displacement and dispossession in the context of the unresolved “Kurdish Question” of Turkey. We argue that this exclusionary and state-led urban renewal project is shaped around the ethnocratic state interests with limited real estate returns that aims to sanitize and dehistoricize the historic core of Diyarbakir given its political and socioeconomic significance for the Kurdish Movement. The rhetorical formation of a “renewed” historic core epitomizes the racialized governance that intensifies the race-class realities sitting at the center of the decades-old ethnic conflict in Turkey. The central government authority's use of gentrification in practice illustrates the ethnocratic regime's spatial, political, and economic repercussions for the Kurdish population as the country's largest ethnic minority. Suriçi‘s redevelopment illustrates that ethnocratic regime practices coexist with a democratic façade and militarization activates an ethnocratic urban regime. Our findings contribute to the literature on space and power by illustrating the incompleteness and paradoxical elements of settler-colonial urbanism.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.3389/frsc.2022.880812\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/eb01e009aa00a769f8b33e99d44034281d7b1cd6\",\n \"result_position\": 29,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 152041533,\n \"title\": \"House of Affection: On the Way to the School\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Volkan Yücel\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This paper focuses on the school as a house of affection. The debate is based on the movie, “On the Way to the School” (2008) and traces the difficulties of education in the second language. How the students’ daily life is being transformed to a unified educational synthesis in the east part of Turkey? Emre (the protagonist) requires the students speak only in Turkish and tries to teach them which creates two different feeling spaces and isolated schooling with no real affection.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5195/CINEJ.2016.143\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0404dcb921cf6d0e5fa7f9a5e9f67980aff94a69\",\n \"result_position\": 30,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 148035011,\n \"title\": \"Killing a mother tongue – how the Kurds are deprived of linguistic human rights\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 1995,\n \"authors\": [\n \"T. Skutnabb-Kangas,\",\n \"Sertaç Bucak\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1515/9783110866391.347\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f38aec3000a9c1a9ae1df85560e7be2136ae1ba8\",\n \"result_position\": 31,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 144399697,\n \"title\": \"Political Movements and Leverage Points: Kurdish Activism in the European Diaspora\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2002,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Vera Eccarius-Kelly\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/13602000220124854\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/76671797a260af3b6e466b93ba2e79b2a27e8940\",\n \"result_position\": 32,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 18760533,\n \"title\": \"“I Miss My Village!”: Forced Kurdish Migrants in İstanbul and Their Representation in Associations\",\n \"venue\": \"New Perspectives on Turkey\",\n \"year\": 2005,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Çelik\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1017/S0896634600004143\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ea956a0387f9b43ac873f84f9a641386fedb9a9a\",\n \"result_position\": 33,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 155208014,\n \"title\": \"Toward a Race Radical Vision of Bilingual Education for Kurdish Users in Turkey: A Commentary\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2014,\n \"authors\": [\n \"C. Faltis\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This commentary presents a Race Radical Vision (RRV) for Kurdish-Turkish bilingual education in Turkey. A RRV reinforces the need to consciously include issues of racism, imperialism, identity, and local practices in the development of bilingual education teacher education programs that advocate for minoritized language use in all aspects of education. It is argued that without a RRV for bilingual education, the State will represent bilingual education to benefit of own interests, ultimately destroying bilingual education as a strong anti-racist educational practice. Turkey needs a strong RRV of Kurdish-Turkish bilingual education to ensure that racism and colonialism remain in the national educational discourse. This commentary draws on experiences of bilingual education in the United States as well as other countries to show the importance of a RRV for developing bilingual education from a local language rights perspective. It also points out some of the challenges bilingual educators and scholars face when State becomes involved in funding and shaping the anti-racist perspective in bilingual the State takes over the anti-racism practices, especially when the State is tied to neoliberalism and neoliberal ideals of individualism and colorblindness. Keywords: Bilingual education, RRV, Kurdish, Turkey\",\n \"doi\": \"10.29333/EJECS/10\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6a6f239004c46c835de7522827d2add5e81faf13\",\n \"result_position\": 34,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 221742998,\n \"title\": \"Beyond Vulnerability: Syrian Refugees in Urban Spaces in Turkey\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal For Crime, Justice and Social Democracy\",\n \"year\": 2020,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Glenda Santana de Andrade\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Since 2011, 5.6 million people have fled Syria due to ongoing conflict. In Turkey alone, 3.6 million Syrians are confronted with a series of constraints once in the host country. This paper analyses, within the context of urban exile in Turkey, the different experiences and survival strategies of Syrians who are modulated by particular relations of race, class and gender. It aims to explain how refugees manage to create their own visibility in this new space full of limitations, and further explores how their newfound participation in these urban areas can deconstruct dominant representations of refugees, who are otherwise seen as threats or as voiceless victims. In all, this paper aims to go beyond the vulnerability of refugees, without neglecting the violence they endure. To do so, the study was conducted using a series of semi-structured interviews, complemented by an ethnological approach. \\noach.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5204/ijcjsd.v9i3.1589\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c9d52d34305f0634c8ecb86120090cd7ce2dc8a3\",\n \"result_position\": 35,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 142941501,\n \"title\": \"Knowledge, ideology and power. Deconstructing Kurdish Studies\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2006,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Clémence Scalbert-Yücel\",\n \"Marie Le Ray\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"The idea for this issue arose out of a seminar we organised, together with Jean-Francois Perouse, in 2005-2006 at the Institut Francais d’Etudes Anatoliennes (IFEA) in Istanbul on the ‘Conditions of emergence of the Kurdish question within the Turkish academic field’. We noticed that since the 1990s there had been a growing interest among Turkish scholar on the topic of Kurds and Kurdish questions. Until this very recent period, speaking about Kurds was a genuine taboo in Turkish universities...\",\n \"doi\": \"10.4000/EJTS.777\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3eb50f43c9f51ecbfb48c9d8ff2330b2ab32bd7f\",\n \"result_position\": 36,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 132768198,\n \"title\": \"Language shift among Kurds in Turkey: A spatial and demographic analysis\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Sinan Zeyneloğlu\",\n \"I. Sirkeci\",\n \"Yaprak Civelek\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This study explores language shift and interregional migration among Turkey’s Kurdish-origin population using census data as well as TDHS data. First, the geographical retraction of the Kurdish language between 1945 and 1965 is depicted using respective censuses as data sources. Second, patterns of intergenerational language shift and the effects of migration and education on this shift are elaborated utilising 2003 TDHS data and the 2000 Census data. Interregional mobility by birth regions and language concentration across Turkey has also been mapped. The Kurdish population in Turkey appears to be on the verge of near-universal bilingualism prompting concerns about the future of the language. ABSTRACT IN KURMANJI Guherina zimani di nav kurdan de li Tirkiyeye: Nirxandineke mekani u demografik Ev xebat, bi reya tehlilkirina daneyen serjimeriye u herwiha daneyen TDHSye, dikeve pey tegihistina guherina zimani u kocberiya nav-heremi di nav nufusa kurd-regez a Tirkiyeye de. Pesiye, bertengbuna coxrafi ya zimane kurdi di navbera 1945 u 1965an de bi reya tehlila daneyan hatiye nisandan. Pase, awa u qaliben ziman-guheriya ji nifseki bo nifse din u tesira kocberi u perwerdeye li ser we guherine hatine nirxandin bi reya bikaranina daneyen TDHSya 2003yan u serjimeriya 2000an. Herwiha, hereketa mirovan ya ji heremeke bo heremeke din li gor herema wan a jidayikbune, u paye u belavbuna zimanan li seransere Tirkiyeye hatiye bi nexsekirin. Wisa diyar e ku gele kurd li Tirkiyeye li ber duzimaniyeke seranseri ye, ku ev yek fikaran li dor paseroja zimani durist dike. ABSTRACT IN SORANI\",\n \"doi\": \"10.33182/KS.V4I1.405\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4676d02f938fb40a46df90f203de7fb730f3f750\",\n \"result_position\": 37,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 151880489,\n \"title\": \"The ambiguities of democratic autonomy: the Kurdish movement in Turkey and Rojava\",\n \"venue\": \"Exit from Democracy\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Leezenberg\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract This paper traces the ideology of democratic autonomy, as developed by PKK leader Abdullah Öcalan from the libertarian and anarchist writings of Murray Bookchin, as an alternative to the authoritarian and centralist nation state, not only in the Kurdish-inhabited provinces, but in Turkey at large. It explores, first, the ideological underpinnings and second, the practical implementation of democratic autonomy both in south-eastern Turkey and in north-eastern Syria, or Rojava. Divergences between the two, I will argue, are not merely the result of contradictions between ideology and practice, or of the PKK’s enduring Leninist vanguardism, but also arise because the ideology itself remains ambiguous or implicit on the questions of party organization and the legitimacy of armed resistance. These ambiguities help to account for the apparent tension between grassroots anarchism and Leninist centralism in democratic autonomy, not only in practice but also in theory.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/14683857.2016.1246529\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bf1b94ba8330142c16db20e0c863f4a90e29e106\",\n \"result_position\": 38,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 247117013,\n \"title\": \"Understanding PKK, Kurdish Hezbollah and ISIS Recruitment in Southeastern Turkey\",\n \"venue\": \"Studies in Conflict & Terrorism\",\n \"year\": 2022,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Kerem Övet\",\n \"J. Hewitt\",\n \"Tahir Abbas\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Abstract This paper provides an explanation for how the PKK, Kurdish Hezbollah, and ISIS, representing distinct ethno-nationalist, Islamist and ideologically motivated political movements, radicalize and recruit supporters in the regions of Eastern and Southeastern Turkey. In doing so, this paper contributes to ongoing theoretical debates about radicalization and recruitment. This study reveals how various regionally specific structural factors encourage radicalization and recruitment into violent politico-ideological movements. In particular, state oppression of ethnic minorities, economic inequalities, geography, and local demographics. While existing literature on radicalization focuses on push factors (structural) combined with pull factors (ideology), this research demonstrates that structural factors in Eastern and Southeastern Turkey are both push and pull factors in processes of radicalization.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/1057610X.2022.2042897\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d7de7a82d980942db90f38fd5be8529903ea62c4\",\n \"result_position\": 39,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 158994146,\n \"title\": \"RELATIONS BETWEEN TURKISH STATE AND KURDISH SOCIETY IN TURKEY\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Hawar Tahir\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"A state-society relation in Turkey is the aim of this research which it divided on two different periods: between 1923 until 2002 and from 2002 until 2014. During these two different periods the Turkish state has implemented two distinct policies regarding to the Kurdish rights. Throughout the first period, under the shadow of secularism, isolation process has instigated towards the Kurdish society. In the second period, under the shadow of APK, some basic cultural norms have transformed in favor of the Kurds. This research is a comparative study of the Kurdish rights in Turkey during so-called two different periods.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.26682/HJUOD.2018.20.1.1\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/080e3e61655d832321395d1b0d560da1dc191a53\",\n \"result_position\": 40,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 144320678,\n \"title\": \"Five stages of the construction of Kurdish nationalism in Turkey\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2001,\n \"authors\": [\n \"M. Yavuz\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/13537110108428635\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/90cf56559855c0c10b0e7f8890f71ffbca739e3d\",\n \"result_position\": 41,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 144800682,\n \"title\": \"The Turkish state discourse and the exclusion of Kurdish identity\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 1996,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Mesut Yegen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/00263209608701112\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/39cac0a3e2c615c7ce41cfc56eeaed30bd00cb2a\",\n \"result_position\": 42,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 221597516,\n \"title\": \"The Kurdish question in Turkish state discourse\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 1999,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Mesut Yegen\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bc65a9db1f235d88cde5bd51c47b0c512db799c9\",\n \"result_position\": 43,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 55336075,\n \"title\": \"A look at mother tongue education in the context of the right to education\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2018,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Idris Sahin\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In Turkey, education in state schools can be delivered in foreign languages such as German, French and English. However, mother tongue education cannot be provided in the languages of minorities or local groups other than those officially accepted as minorities (that is, according to the Treaty of Lausanne). In this regard, the primary aim of this study was to reveal the views of postgraduate students (Masters (MA)/PhD) studying at a graduate school of educational sciences on mother tongue education and the applicability of mother tongue education in Turkey. The study was conducted with a total of 46 students, 28 MA and 18 PhD students. The data were gathered through semi-structured open-ended questions in November 2017. According to the findings, most of the participants viewed mother tongue education as one of the basic human rights. Moreover, while some of the participants thought that the country was not yet ready to provide education to non-official minorities or local communities in their mother tongues, some objected to mother tongue education with the concern that it would cause division within the country. \\n \\n Key words: Education, minorities, mother tongue, right to education, human rights.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.5897/ERR2018.3485\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a297ff09c4c1ef0cc69b8f4249a733bd665bd65b\",\n \"result_position\": 44,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 158766703,\n \"title\": \"Teachers' Perception of the National Ideology of Kemalism and Its Effects on Kurdish Pupils\",\n \"venue\": \"Universal Journal of Educational Research\",\n \"year\": 2019,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Adem Ince\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This paper is based on an empirical study examining Turkish and Kurdish teachers' perception of the national ideology of Kemalism and its effects on Kurdish pupils. A semi-structured interview was conducted with 30 teachers working in the east/southeast provinces of Turkey, which are predominantly inhabited by Kurds. The findings revealed that the Kemalist ideology has serious negative effects on Kurdish pupils, as it directly excludes and alienates the Kurdish identity. This paper also showed that the dominance of Kemalism in education seems to trigger a lot of other issues existing in society such as the exclusion of non-Turks and polarisation.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.13189/UJER.2019.070127\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cff95704fda7f8a48d80c3236df701f7a1242cc6\",\n \"result_position\": 45,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 163107175,\n \"title\": \"EVERYDAY FORMS OF STATE POWER AND THE KURDS IN THE EARLY TURKISH REPUBLIC\",\n \"venue\": \"International Journal of Middle East Studies\",\n \"year\": 2011,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Senem Aslan\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1017/S0020743810001200\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/58065a62f7cd20b7e66ffdc8e01ce51feff79d59\",\n \"result_position\": 46,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 90044726,\n \"title\": \"Resettlement and Reconstruction of Identity: The Case of the Kurds in Turkey\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2001,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Jongerden\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"In the Republic of Turkey the government has been mired in an increasingly bitter war with the Kurdistan Workers Party (Partiya Karkeren Kurdistan, PKK). The PKK, formally established in 1978, launched its first offensive military operation in 1984. The PKK's impact was enormous. In the 1990s, the PKK was able to mobilise mass support among the Kurds. The Republic of Turkey was caught unprepared. In an effort to root out the PKK, the government of Turkey used indiscriminate counter-insurgency methods, also targeting the civilian population (Mater 1999; Dicle 1997; Bruinessen 1997; Kaplan 1996; Olson 1996; Amnesty International 1996; Zurcher 1995). State forces hoped to eliminate networks of logistic support for the PKK, among others, by means of forced evacuation and village destruction in Kurdish-populated rural areas.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/14718800108405092\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a68be241511af7dbf67fae4606e4d58e84620743\",\n \"result_position\": 47,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 156065403,\n \"title\": \"Economic Crises and the Social Structuring of Economic Hardship: The Impact of the 2001 Turkish Crisis\",\n \"venue\": \"New Perspectives on Turkey\",\n \"year\": 2011,\n \"authors\": [\n \"B. Rankin\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1017/S0896634600005926\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8f437beb91743c27262d282fb45298134d3cf423\",\n \"result_position\": 48,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 143705131,\n \"title\": \"Linguistic capital: Language as a socio-economic resource among Kurdish and Arabic women in Turkey\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2003,\n \"authors\": [\n \"J. Smits\",\n \"A. Gündüz-Hoşgör\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/0141987032000109050\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d82c824ef01a2e188e41f0f5e07046b3359c0b02\",\n \"result_position\": 49,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 55541628,\n \"title\": \"Critical discourse analysis on the news about terrorism: An analytical study on Turkish media\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Töngür\",\n \"Hakan Kara\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"Today, combating terrorism is accepted as an international issue. Turkey has struggled with this problem for years. Combating terrorism is not only a matter for the state or government to address, but nongovernmental organizations must be contribute to the process of developing strategies and policies against terrorism. Media organs may have contribution in fighting against terrorism and newspapers which can be tools to combat terrorism are the subject of this study. Three newspapers were selected as samples of this study and news reports relating to terror and terrorism in these newspapers were analyzed according to Van Dijk’s Critical Discourse Analysis. As a result of the findings of this study, it is seen that media organs are not free from biases and ruling ideology and political view effects newspapers, magazines or televisions while presenting terror news. At the end of the study, some suggestions were developed especially for the stakeholders in the fight against terrorism.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.14687/IJHS.V13I1.3663\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7b65dcc7dc5cf062531667dac371ddaef7626f24\",\n \"result_position\": 50,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 144348894,\n \"title\": \"Economic marginalization of Turkey's Kurds: the failed promise of modernization and reform\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 1998,\n \"authors\": [\n \"P. White\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/13602009808716398\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d2648d31a2ba753bbb009a009ab4192de7451124\",\n \"result_position\": 51,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 131787485,\n \"title\": \"Mapping action and identity in the Kobani crisis response\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2016,\n \"authors\": [\n \"Thomas McGee\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"This article compares humanitarian operations associated with Turkish state and pro-Kurdish movement actors in response to the large cross-border displacement of Kurdish-Syrians into Turkey from the September 2014 Kobani crisis. Analysis draws on actor mapping methodologies and fieldwork conducted in the Kurdish-majority town of Suruc in southern Turkey. Parallels with the 2011 Van earthquakes highlight the ethno-national complexities and potential controversy encountered when responding to humanitarian needs of predominantly Kurdish populations in Turkey. The alternative territorial identities generated by practices of Kurdish municipal-level “governmentality” (through camp management and humanitarian assistance) trouble the assumed hierarchy between Turkish state authorities and Kurdish challengers. ABSTRACT IN KURMANJI Bi nexsekirina calaki u nasnameyan di hewldanen qeyrana Kobani de Ev gotar wan hewl u calakiyen mirovi yen dewleta tirk u akteren hereketa kurdi berawird dike ku di hengava muhacirbuna kurden Suriyeye bo nav Tirkyeye de, anku dema qeyrana Kobani ya ilona 2014an, hatine encamdan. Tehlilen gotare xwe disperine metoden bi nexsekirina akteran u xebata meydani li Suruca pirani kurdnisin. Hevterib ligel zelzeleyen Wane yen 2011an, gotar isarete bi hebuna aloziyen qewmi-neteweyi u dubendiyen cor bi cor dike gava li Tirkiyeye hewl ji bo qetandina pediviyen jiyani yen kom u xelken kurd ten dan. Nasnameyen heremi yen alternativ ku encama siyaset u kiryaren “hukumraniya” kurdi ya di asta saredariyan de ne (bi reya revebirina kempan u arikariyen mirovi) zore dide we hiyerarsiya ferazi ya di navbera rayedaren dewleta tirk u berhelistkaren kurd de. ABSTRACT IN SORANI\",\n \"doi\": \"10.33182/KS.V4I1.406\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e00609468898854cf77462d7b58f9933e653e503\",\n \"result_position\": 52,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 143989725,\n \"title\": \"Kurdish Lyrical Protest: The Terrain of Acoustic Migration\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2006,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Grossman\",\n \"A. O'Brien\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": \"There is a dearth of literature on the diasporic performance and circulation of Kurdish music. In response, this article foregrounds the thematic of acoustic memory and migration in the production of a performative ethnographic documentary about the exiled Kurdish singer and composer, Muhamed Abbas Bahram, one of many accomplished Kurdish musicians residing in Western Europe. The title of the documentary, Silent Song, alludes to a poem written in 1976 by a Kurdish radio and television broadcaster, commemorating the musician's refusal to perform in a concert at the Institute of Fine Arts in Baghdad before an audience of Ba'ath party members. Drawing on multi-sited visual ethnographic research integral to the production of Silent Song, the poem's subsequent translation into a musical score by Abbas Bahram is documented. The musician's resistant act is re-enacted for the purpose of the film on an Edinburgh stage, raising questions surrounding the re-construction of an historical event within a filmic present. This article highlights the position of the diasporic Kurdish musician as both social actor and performer in the context of the documentary's reflexive use of broadcast, satellite and electronically mediated communication technologies, characteristic of an evolving Kurdish public sphere.\",\n \"doi\": \"10.1080/13691830500487365\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d3d6fd3acac9f7cb2e49194a9aeccf832a4b107e\",\n \"result_position\": 53,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n },\n {\n \"corpus_id\": 146896864,\n \"title\": \"Introduction. Kurdish: Linguicide, resistance and hope\",\n \"venue\": \"\",\n \"year\": 2012,\n \"authors\": [\n \"A. Hassanpour\",\n \"J. Sheyholislami\",\n \"T. Skutnabb-Kangas,\"\n ],\n \"abstract\": null,\n \"doi\": \"10.1515/ijsl-2012-0047\",\n \"semantic_scholar_url\": \"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c31912fbe0af565336c24e7039bcd36e8ff17460\",\n \"result_position\": 54,\n \"is_clicked\": false\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}}],"truncated":false,"partial":false},"paginationData":{"pageIndex":0,"numItemsPerPage":100,"numTotalItems":356,"offset":0,"length":100}},"jwt":"eyJhbGciOiJFZERTQSJ9.eyJyZWFkIjp0cnVlLCJwZXJtaXNzaW9ucyI6eyJyZXBvLmNvbnRlbnQucmVhZCI6dHJ1ZX0sImlhdCI6MTc3ODkyNjQzOCwic3ViIjoiL2RhdGFzZXRzL3JsLXJhZy0yL3BhcGVyX2ZpbmRlcl9hbGwiLCJleHAiOjE3Nzg5MzAwMzgsImlzcyI6Imh0dHBzOi8vaHVnZ2luZ2ZhY2UuY28ifQ.MHnrLlXmiTt1lfr8HxfZ6JA5XLzGtPWDucRjJTuCeweMlScnRqU0YynBJZe8sAmFt3HT1JI7n4SwJULfhP29AQ","displayUrls":true,"splitSizeSummaries":[{"config":"default","split":"train","numRows":356,"numBytesParquet":28894497}]},"discussionsStats":{"closed":0,"open":0,"total":0},"fullWidth":true,"hasGatedAccess":true,"hasFullAccess":true,"isEmbedded":false,"savedQueries":{"community":[],"user":[]}}">
query stringlengths 250 8.51k | query_timestamp stringlengths 32 32 | thread_id stringlengths 64 64 | num_shown int64 1 1k | num_clicked int64 0 49 | has_clicks bool 2
classes | shown_papers listlengths 1 1k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
find me research papers about AI agents/LLMs integrated with semantic layers. Return 3 examples, and make sure the papers are only from ICML, NeurIPS, AAAI, IJCAI, ICLR, ACL, EMNLP
For each paper, return it's title, author, organization, brief summary, and what conference it got into | 2025-07-13T23:34:17.515399+00:00 | ceb32730e8ead7a1cd5c1060ff0e34004449a931e371f6540dffc01a961a5a08 | 74 | 6 | true | [
{
"corpus_id": 270379680,
"title": "DARA: Decomposition-Alignment-Reasoning Autonomous Language Agent for Question Answering over Knowledge Graphs",
"venue": "Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
"year": 2024,
"authors": [
"Haishuo Fang",
"Xiaodan Zhu",
... |
At the leading edge, actin exhibits more fluid-like behavior, essential for rapid extension and membrane softening, while a stiffer, elastic behavior is observed toward the rear of the structure, contributing to the traction forces needed for cell movement. | 2025-05-11T23:10:46.915203+00:00 | 8fdb9d496e7ed7bdc40b80239998ce470ce7e657d962b9c3edee707fbfaf8ad1 | 75 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 11727281,
"title": "Spatial distribution of filament elasticity determines the migratory behaviors of a cell",
"venue": "Cell Adhesion & Migration",
"year": 2016,
"authors": [
"H. Harn",
"Chao-Kai Hsu",
"Yang-Kao Wang",
"Yi-Wei Huang",
"W. Chiu",
... |
Students create a support plan that outlines how they would create a rich language and literacy program for pre-schoolers attending a service in Northern Beaches, Sydney. Among the pre-schoolers there is an Aboriginal child and a child who recently migrated to Australia and speaks only Chinese.
Students discuss how th... | 2025-05-09T20:11:23.760031+00:00 | 105d93f67fa594a02622e3a3d3a4d2001c3485d7cd3c22a5ecfe4baddf881224 | 63 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 154237931,
"title": "Family Literacy Programs as Intersubjective Spaces: Insights from Three Decades of Working in Culturally, Linguistically and Socially Diverse Communities",
"venue": "",
"year": 2015,
"authors": [
"Ann Anderson",
"Jim Anderson",
"Alison Gear"
... |
In short, finance is about the way people handle money - how to properly gather it and direct its use. In other words, it's 'how to get money to do what you want,' often referred to as a 'money conductor' that directs society's available funds. Finance has different focuses such as: Investment; Financing, Risk Manageme... | 2025-07-25T21:50:16.167597+00:00 | ae56aa27d1db7bc7c68d266b3e50bcb9ebb0ed435f52d64f525fc1ed93b56e2c | 63 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 237383717,
"title": "Three Corporate Finance Practices in Pakistan: A Review of Previous Studies and Way Forward",
"venue": "",
"year": 2021,
"authors": [
"U. Farooq",
"Bilal Haider Subhani"
],
"abstract": "This study reviews the previous empirical studies abou... |
INTERPROFESSIONAL COMMUNITY$REHABILITATION[MeSH Terms]) AND (((((((acute ischemic stroke[MeSH Terms]) OR (acute stroke[MeSH Terms])) OR (acute thrombotic stroke[MeSH Terms])) OR (cva cerebrovascular accident[MeSH Terms])) OR (flaccid hemiplegia[MeSH Terms])) OR (hemipareses[MeSH Terms])) OR (hemiparesis[MeSH Terms]))) ... | 2025-07-17T22:39:23.210060+00:00 | 6a77808cac393beadf856ec292cf377454f87bd300278346d4536c4e4aa70ac1 | 71 | 1 | true | [
{
"corpus_id": 225289759,
"title": "Care of stroke survivors in community: a case study of rural Thai community",
"venue": "",
"year": 2020,
"authors": [
"Usanun Intamas",
"Tassanee Rawiworrakul",
"Kwanjai Amnatsatsue",
"S. Nanthamongkolchai",
"M. Palmer"
],
... |
overall i want to write a review paper to submit to nature machine intelligence. the sketch I have in mind is about a form of RL that is sometimes called regularized RL. This is relatively new (on the normal science clock, not the NLP clock, which means it has mostly gotten attention in the last 8 years!). There are t... | 2025-06-12T07:20:36.469848+00:00 | 06e2365adfd8c5247720ae292c0a2ff2f375c0ed06f253b2acc5099d4c50a563 | 20 | 2 | true | [
{
"corpus_id": 246063533,
"title": "Priors, Hierarchy, and Information Asymmetry for Skill Transfer in Reinforcement Learning",
"venue": "International Conference on Learning Representations",
"year": 2022,
"authors": [
"Sasha Salter",
"Kristian Hartikainen",
"Walter Goodwin",
... |
您现在是心脏电生理领域的资深研究员，具备丰富的临床、科研与医疗器械开发经验。您的核心任务是针对一个创新型心律失常治疗医疗器械研发项目，进行全面的学术文献与行业/产业信息检索、深度分析及专业洞察呈现。
项目背景与核心创新点
本项目的核心是开发一种基于光学相干成像（OCT）和光声成像（PAI）引导的纳秒脉冲电场消融（nsPFA）技术，用于精准治疗心律失常。
核心创新目标： 实现基于OCT和PAI对nsPFA电极的精准定位以及消融损伤的实时或近实时评估。
技术聚焦： 微创电生理介入领域。
信息检索与深度分析任务
请您以资深研究员的视角，针对上述项目，深入挖掘并分析以下两类关键信息。您的分析应体现出专业洞察力、对项目潜在价值、挑战与机遇的预... | 2025-07-08T07:17:50.687196+00:00 | e9491e93c63a783ca306e89b0e3b6a623475ac9966215e82720e0592540c9bc1 | 12 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 245419071,
"title": "Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography monitoring of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation in left atrium of living swine",
"venue": "Scientific Reports",
"year": 2021,
"authors": [
"Xiaowei Zhao",
"O. Ziv",
"R. Mohammadpour",
... |
I was wondering if we could frame our study as “co-developing LLM-agent simulator (tool) and emergency measures (policy).” Co-design typically means collaboration between developers and stakeholders to develop a tool, but why not co-design tools and policies simultaneously through such collaboration? If a tool, such a... | 2025-07-10T09:23:12.388581+00:00 | 45674142301b5a9b89d3da418af2bec6a2a8aa38dcae365dabe2634344bff6fe | 34 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 271404619,
"title": "Co-designing an AI Impact Assessment Report Template with AI Practitioners and AI Compliance Experts",
"venue": "AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society",
"year": 2024,
"authors": [
"E. Bogucka",
"Marios Constantinides",
"S. Šćepanović... |
papers mentioning standard augmentation techniques (e.g., heavy rotations, color jitter) could introduce unnatural distortions in a biological classification task. Ensuring that visual signals remain true to the actual morphology of mosquito species is critical to maintaining taxonomic integrity. | 2025-05-13T07:19:43.118447+00:00 | 8f22ab0431b9747c37e910f0bfffb51675cac659bf977e9fbd6d350979f11e10 | 48 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 271859668,
"title": "Advanced vision transformers and open-set learning for robust mosquito classification: A novel approach to entomological studies",
"venue": "PLoS Comput. Biol.",
"year": 2024,
"authors": [
"Ahmed Akib Jawad Karim",
"Muhammad Zawad Mahmud",
"R... |
The strategy of a Stuffie Share—silent reading to a favorite stuffed animal under a teacher’s unobtrusive, validating watch—has solid empirical backing and aligns seamlessly with humanistic educational principles. It fosters autonomy, emotional safety, empathy, and self-paced learning in young children. | 2025-07-11T03:16:41.918459+00:00 | 60e1879f6a7c1c719aafb85b1273c4819157d15b7ca3a8fa5648a689810cfeee | 49 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 18532971,
"title": "The stuffed animal sleepover: enhancement of reading and the duration of the effect",
"venue": "Heliyon",
"year": 2017,
"authors": [
"Y. Okazaki",
"Atsushi Asakawa",
"Kentaro Ishii",
"Yuki Yamada"
],
"abstract": "Stuffed animal s... |
Medical image segmentation combined with contrastive learning, the combination of unet and transformer for multimodal information, published in top conferences and journals such as icml, iclr, nips, www, aaai, cvpr, iccv, maccia, tmi, tmm, etc., articles on medical image segmentation from the last three years | 2025-05-15T02:07:29.235905+00:00 | ffe5500735096b0fbc9356d081e508f41ad21fd6c4f0f0844a127ca2f5ef951b | 65 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 256598085,
"title": "Rethinking Semi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation: A Variance-Reduction Perspective",
"venue": "Neural Information Processing Systems",
"year": 2023,
"authors": [
"Chenyu You",
"Weicheng Dai",
"Yifei Min",
"Fenglin Liu",
"Xiao... |
Metode GASING, yang dikembangkan oleh Prof Yohanes Surya, menekankan pendekatan yang menarik dan menyenangkan untuk belajar matematika dan fisika. Metode ini, yang merupakan singkatan dari “Gampang, Asyik, dan Menyenangkan” (Mudah, Menyenangkan, dan Menyenangkan), bertujuan untuk menyederhanakan konsep kompleks melalui... | 2025-08-02T15:56:06.698614+00:00 | 8f9f3a1b51c63fe0b4906cab4755f14c24118f6d16232727751c172b32237525 | 5 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 277066374,
"title": "A New Approach to Learn Trigonometry",
"venue": "",
"year": 2025,
"authors": [
"M. Surya",
"Y. Surya"
],
"abstract": "We introduce the Primary Gasing Triangle, a right triangle with a hypotenuse of 1 unit, to define the primary trigonometri... |
How Instructional Designers Enable Lifelong Learning in Practice: Empirical studies, case studies, or conceptual frameworks showing specific ways IDs contribute to lifelong learning principles, organized around:
– Self-Directed Learning (SDL): e.g., how IDs co-design reflection activities, flexible pathways, or heutag... | 2025-07-09T12:27:55.919595+00:00 | ea2266f52e337e73c5fed1cc022ab1f40e5084e5695bc4b5729fd1a5116efdaf | 25 | 2 | true | [
{
"corpus_id": 236366379,
"title": "Creating technology-enabled lifelong learning: A heutagogical approach",
"venue": "British Journal of Educational Technology",
"year": 2021,
"authors": [
"J. Lock",
"Sawsen Lakhal",
"M. Cleveland-Innes",
"Paula Arancibia",
"Debra ... |
find relevant papers for this text: To address these challenges, the integration of cognitive ergonomics into interface design has emerged as a promising solution. Cognitive ergonomics focuses on understanding human cognitive processes—such as perception, attention, memory, and decision-making—and aligning system desig... | 2025-07-29T20:34:41.269812+00:00 | fc81cf1b27a83b52e42e84922470d3150093916934f00540a0c11bccf278fdb6 | 47 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 256783608,
"title": "Theory-based approach for assessing cognitive load during time-critical resource-managing human–computer interactions: an eye-tracking study",
"venue": "Journal on Multimodal User Interfaces",
"year": 2022,
"authors": [
"N. Sevcenko",
"Tobias Appel... |
4 Correlation Between Ion Precipitation and TDS Reduction
Synthetic samples of Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, and SO₄²⁻ were treated with NaOH, and changes in ion concentrations were compared with TDS reductions to identify major contributors to overall TDS removal.
| 2025-08-20T12:10:33.374549+00:00 | a616c572959c6afb84594bf98ac7b3f4ff70d153ac63c32a05826ac324661ffe | 24 | 1 | true | [
{
"corpus_id": 275770479,
"title": "A mixed media approach using locally available neutralizing materials for the passive treatment of acid mine drainage",
"venue": "Heliyon",
"year": 2025,
"authors": [
"J. Pocaan",
"C. Turingan",
"C. Tabelin",
"Joshua B. Zoleta",
"... |
While community-based screening strategies have been explored to improve early detection, there is a notable lack of data on strabismus from Southeast Asia. Routine vision screenings in schools have primarily targeted refractive errors and amblyopia, often leading to the underdiagnosis of strabismus, particularly in ru... | 2025-07-11T03:28:24.106438+00:00 | c50c12f954e7296f3c0727c171ddbdea199891cc94d8525cb790e5f5838930fc | 68 | 1 | true | [
{
"corpus_id": 73514964,
"title": "Prevalence of amblyopia and strabismus in Hani school children in rural southwest China: a cross-sectional study",
"venue": "BMJ Open",
"year": 2019,
"authors": [
"Hui Zhu",
"C. Pan",
"Qigang Sun",
"Dan Huang",
"Z. Fu",
"Jing... |
I am interested in the argument of mimicry in AI consciousness/cognition, which roughly states that modern AI systems, in particular LLMs, are only imitating conscious-like behaviors. Are there any papers on the topic? Please go beyond this particular definition – “mimicry” - as I suspect it exists in other forms e.g.... | 2025-05-14T05:12:27.562447+00:00 | 63f6818440e67832279211b0ce2eedbed5b87b19cfaa0d43eba70c7542637387 | 56 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 257495803,
"title": "Could a Large Language Model be Conscious?",
"venue": "arXiv.org",
"year": 2023,
"authors": [
"D. Chalmers"
],
"abstract": "There has recently been widespread discussion of whether large language models might be sentient. Should we take this idea... |
UNESCO and the European Community recognize heritage site protection and rehabilitation as essential policies which demand detailed and carefully planned restoration interventions for these structures. The Venice Charter together with other international guidelines mandates comprehensive documentation for all monument... | 2025-07-15T15:03:38.944031+00:00 | 3a7077c95ddf7f6a525395c2b853bff59597457743c6f582c179bc9e9f73855d | 55 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 238660490,
"title": "Exploring the Role of Historic Building Information Modeling for Heritage Conservation in Pakistan: Case of Chauburji Lahore",
"venue": "",
"year": 2021,
"authors": [
"Asia Jabeen"
],
"abstract": "1. Assistant Professor , Architecture Department,... |
Based on academic research in peer-reviewed journals conducted over the past 20 years in university research on corporate governance, what are the most cited articles on: the quality of ESG score disclosure and which use "Bloomberg's ESG Disclosure Scores" data in their analysis? | 2025-08-06T06:00:34.505495+00:00 | fc5fdaea468742b18194d987f35702303fc53d379d6d3d5ea5a0e87b92bd46e5 | 74 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 263253408,
"title": "Does Capital Expenditure Matter for ESG Disclosure? A UK Perspective",
"venue": "Journal of Risk and Financial Management",
"year": 2023,
"authors": [
"Ahmed Saber Moussa",
"Mahmoud Elmarzouky"
],
"abstract": "This study examines how capita... |
Third, our findings show that power was asymmetrically distributed across actors, with the MoH, National Treasury, and Office of the President exercising significant influence over MES design and rollout. County governments, despite being constitutionally mandated to manage health service delivery, were not involved in... | 2025-07-14T20:27:38.773872+00:00 | 1c13af02c87df12a45a8bfa0b1808b1a47aabf450c3dd8d8567395ae1c7b6ffc | 59 | 3 | true | [
{
"corpus_id": 13665997,
"title": "Influence of organisational culture on the implementation of health sector reforms in low- and middle-income countries: a qualitative interpretive review",
"venue": "Global Health Action",
"year": 2018,
"authors": [
"Rahab Mbau",
"L. Gilson"
],
... |
The assumption of a direct band gap transition is based on the well-established electronic structure of CeO₂, O 2p-based top of the valence band to the partially occupied bottom of the conduction band, which is dominated by the Ce 4f orbital contribution are both located at the Γ point of the Brillouin zone, resulting... | 2025-05-13T22:57:23.710827+00:00 | 9f6c2790447ba1aa825b3d26a9276cdb73d7d8c2560d04b2a757cd6c510a6f6e | 49 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 239472180,
"title": "Revealing the Effect of Synthesis Conditions on the Structural, Optical, and Antibacterial Properties of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles",
"venue": "Nanomaterials",
"year": 2021,
"authors": [
"N. Fifere",
"A. Airinei",
"M. Dobromir",
"L. Săc... |
In contrast, DNA hairpins are more easily unwound under tension, facilitating rapid structural changes for gene expression and replication. This mechanical distinction reflects the roles of these structures: chromatin loops provide structural stability, while hairpins enable dynamic changes for gene expression and DNA ... | 2025-04-30T09:59:39.643202+00:00 | af5058f4ffe81466c78c861f465ad83ce2500b6af5cc7ab7c54788b3706c0268 | 13 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 30240722,
"title": "DNA synthesis determines the binding mode of the human mitochondrial single-stranded DNA-binding protein",
"venue": "Nucleic Acids Research",
"year": 2017,
"authors": [
"J. A. Morin",
"F. Cerrón",
"J. Jarillo",
"Elena Beltrán-Heredia",
... |
Topic Title: Leveraging Data Science to Optimize Strategic Resource Allocation and Enhance Resilience for Organizations and Businesses Amid Economic Uncertainty
Research Question: How can data science techniques optimise strategic resource allocation and enhance resilience for organisations and businesses during econo... | 2025-07-19T15:19:49.731753+00:00 | 1977fd889908bf7944850223a63c37bb22ea7d007de58cc323183e6fe5a8003f | 44 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 268695858,
"title": "Theoretical approaches to AI in supply chain optimization: Pathways to efficiency and resilience",
"venue": "International Journal of Science and Technology Research Archive",
"year": 2024,
"authors": [
"Gerald Adeyemi Abaku",
"Emmanuel Adeyemi Aba... |
Research has also highlighted the importance of auditory vocabulary processing, where unbalanced bilinguals demonstrate translation symmetry and direct links between vocabulary and semantics. This has been confirmed through ERP experiments, indicating the existence of bilingual interactive activation in auditory modali... | 2025-07-07T20:55:08.014198+00:00 | 71aaeb366201d5fffc8762119304cc588af3f923abf7531a701ff9019d816284 | 48 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 49299488,
"title": "An ERP Investigation of L2–L1 Translation Priming in Adult Learners",
"venue": "Frontiers in Psychology",
"year": 2018,
"authors": [
"Gabriela Meade",
"Katherine J. Midgley",
"P. Holcomb"
],
"abstract": "A longstanding debate centers a... |
For instance, nuclear speckles, involved in dynamically adjust their periphery in response to active pre-mRNA splicing, with splicing activity occurring preferentially at the speckle periphery—a region enriched in active spliceosomes that mediate intron removal and transcript maturation. | 2025-04-30T21:30:54.259269+00:00 | 9338ea5a1c4a16c36610915ba55c869b4432b15a276e8b586938bd5b7dfdc16f | 75 | 2 | true | [
{
"corpus_id": 7432108,
"title": "Post-transcriptional spliceosomes are retained in nuclear speckles until splicing completion",
"venue": "Nature Communications",
"year": 2012,
"authors": [
"Cyrille Girard",
"C. Will",
"Jianhe Peng",
"E. Makarov",
"B. Kastner",
... |
ID Genre Q1 Q2 Q3 Rapports publiés Participation aux décisions Présence des dispositifs de gouvernance Efficacité Efficience Rentabilité Connaissance du code de conduite Fonctionnement des mécanismes de reddition Connaissance des sanctions Fautes sanctionnées Suivi des redevabilité Manque de supervision Absence des ... | 2025-07-05T14:47:34.043088+00:00 | 02cd7ad32634d063907a03e53b9715a772bda4dd25fbd01b08960931a026ad7c | 22 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 265161483,
"title": "How social accountability fosters public integrity: the role of public policy councils in curbing corruption",
"venue": "Revista de Sociologia e Política",
"year": 2023,
"authors": [
"James Batista Vieira"
],
"abstract": "ABSTRACT Introduction: T... |
A literature survey or a literature review in a project report is that section which shows the various analyses and research made in the field of your interest and the results already published, taking into account the various parameters of the project and the extent of the project. Without literature survey complete r... | 2025-07-07T05:27:57.491782+00:00 | 72cf7fefb5cdd6c1fded489557f108ea458f6a80e2d611fab2b8cc7820311588 | 49 | 1 | true | [
{
"corpus_id": 269675675,
"title": "Social media marketing and customer purchase intention: Evidence-based bibliometrics and text analysis",
"venue": "Innovative Marketing",
"year": 2024,
"authors": [
"Anh Tuan Phan",
"Anh Van Nguyen",
"Nhan Van Ho",
"Giang Ha Hai"
],... |
I want to find papers on the acceptable levels of noise when building modular quantum computing architectures in an error corrected fashion. How much noise can we have on the communication between modules? What is know about the threshold for the noise on the communication channels that is going to enable error correct... | 2025-03-28T22:43:32.383000+00:00 | 108f021e8d5968c1760d722a7576f0a95bc6b315df521f187666ea370109c438 | 48 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 64710617,
"title": "Hierarchical surface code for network quantum computing with modules of arbitrary size",
"venue": "",
"year": 2015,
"authors": [
"Ying Li",
"S. Benjamin"
],
"abstract": "The network paradigm for quantum computing involves interconnecting man... |
I am a professor of economics who has been researching people's purchasing power for 30 years which leads to people's ability to buy goods and services to meet their daily needs properly. There is a variable of people's purchasing power that leads to people's ability to buy goods & services to meet their daily needs pr... | 2025-04-13T12:18:15.855117+00:00 | 997d5def967296ed2600e83ff7651f6a1de310c63ed3de9a5ba944e49fd984d1 | 25 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 258637318,
"title": "What matters for international consumers’ choice preferences for smartphones: Evidence from a cross-border ecommerce platform",
"venue": "PLoS ONE",
"year": 2023,
"authors": [
"Karamoko N'da",
"Jiaoju Ge",
"Steven Ji-Fan Ren",
"Jia Wang... |
European consumers generally struggle to differentiate between primary agricultural products and processed food items, which affects their ability to make informed purchasing decisions. While consumers increasingly prioritize quality over quantity in their food choices (Schimmenti et al., 2021)
, many lack the knowledg... | 2025-06-15T19:25:54.175446+00:00 | efda48724aa35aae3dbf63e196d5f84047f208bc8879cb3aa2df0a464b67865a | 5 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 276728048,
"title": "Winning strategies for value creation and value capture in the almond industry: a case study approach",
"venue": "British Food Journal",
"year": 2025,
"authors": [
"E. Schimmenti",
"A. Galati",
"Michele Varisco",
"Claudio Mirabella",
... |
下面是我的论文中的一部分陈述：
This module aims to quantify the most critical entities within news text, which can be conceptualized as the task of entity salience (ES) calculation. Previous research has experimentally demonstrated that bi-encoder architectures can efficiently and accurately calculate entity salience relative to its... | 2025-07-30T18:38:00.622685+00:00 | e571f6280dd3f7386821ae2647a3df013304ed2571c288d5102d8802199ab084 | 42 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 273901576,
"title": "Predicting Entity Salience in Extremely Short Documents",
"venue": "Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
"year": 2024,
"authors": [
"Benjamin Bullough",
"Harrison Lundberg",
"Cheng Hu",
"W. Xiao"
],
"... |
pada journal ini mana yang oppen access mana yang tidakDesign and Development Learning Media Application of Presidential Car History at a Museum in Indonesia using Augmented Reality Technology
Utilization of macromedia flash application technology as learning media development in solving islamic religion test questions... | 2025-05-30T22:35:49.029423+00:00 | 37c5dbac7ab32c2523ef81eed39fde612577615a4b62fccfc1c46ee840048952 | 75 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 259827560,
"title": "Use of Whatsapp as A Learning Media to Increase Students' Learning Interest",
"venue": "Journal of Science & Technology",
"year": 2023,
"authors": [
"S. Holly",
"Burkewitz Maulik",
"I. Samuel"
],
"abstract": "The internet and technolo... |
Nutritional profile of maize straw:
• High fiber, low protein → poor nutritive value.
• Nutritional profile of Gmelina arborea:
• Known for better crude protein, potential as a supplement.
• How ensiling affects nutrient content.
Goal: Show how proximate composition influences feed value. | 2025-06-23T12:17:06.473733+00:00 | a5252ec4c09e6458b55a851d4943bb01dee99d2d6844b0a7b7d07884f5a9d930 | 46 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 209914990,
"title": "NUTRITIVE EVALUATION OF CORN STRAW FERMENTED BY TRICHODERMA VIRIDE AS CROSS BREED CHICKEN FEED STUFF IN GORONTALO REGENCY",
"venue": "International Journal of Advanced Research",
"year": 2019,
"authors": [
"Ellen j. Saleh",
"S. A.",
"I. Junai... |
find papers that describe teacher education in Finland that include information about teacher preparation in Finland. Ideally these papers will include information about how long the teacher education programs last, the content taught within the program of study, what degree is earned at stages of program completion, h... | 2025-07-06T21:10:00.904803+00:00 | 6357cba1290980e0d0d1a06e516047d2ce1a4fca702bfabdf885f53dd0b4e587 | 52 | 49 | true | [
{
"corpus_id": 145675534,
"title": "Class teacher trainees’ conceptions of their own learning, mentoring and tutoring in teaching",
"venue": "",
"year": 2014,
"authors": [
"Marjaana Soininen",
"T. Merisuo-Storm"
],
"abstract": "Class teacher education in Finland differs in se... |
Earthquake time history recording is the continuous recorded ground acceleration data over time during an earthquake event. This data is obtained from earthquake recording stations that record ground motion in three main components, namely two horizontal components (usually in the North-South and East-West directions) ... | 2025-06-11T03:04:00.448602+00:00 | 3e0a8b8aef748d2ee748d852526711ac1044fefb195839d75c500ee2eac8ddb8 | 74 | 1 | true | [
{
"corpus_id": 274601503,
"title": "THE EFFECTS OF THE EARTHQUAKE INCIDENT ANGLE ON AN RC BUILDING",
"venue": "Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi",
"year": 2024,
"authors": [
"Soukaina Mellouk",
"Ebru Harmandar"
],
"abstract": "Current buildin... |
أولى هذه المقاربات هي المقاربة القصوى (The Maximalist Approach) ، وممن يلتزمها إنجلبرغ وهذه المقاربة تُصنف على أنها تعتمد على تخزين جميع القراءات الحرفية الممكنة لأي تعبير في القاموس (Lexicon)، بما في ذلك الاختلافات في البنية الحجاجية (Argument Structure) و(القيود النوعية) (Sortal Restrictions) للأفعال والأسماء ( ,p. | 2025-08-03T22:31:38.539235+00:00 | 5f056a5da9441d3a77c5a7591c9daf966f321da2871aae63decfe6a9451de544 | 10 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 280231394,
"title": "Modular, Low-Cost Bus and ECC Encoders for Memory Macros Under Maximal Power Constraints",
"venue": "IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems Part 1: Regular Papers",
"year": 2026,
"authors": [
"S. Engelberg",
"Osnat Keren"
],
"abstract": ... |
Environmental considerations also play a crucial role in catalyst production. The traditional methods for synthesizing catalysts can produce hazardous waste and consume substantial energy. Moreover, the production of conventional catalysts often contributes to significant carbon emissions. Developing sustainable practi... | 2025-05-04T15:05:59.227091+00:00 | d6b07e8afff2147c3e2c07035d3f659a2636d7dc908d8cf7abd1f790a9719333 | 31 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 254099267,
"title": "Waste-Derived Catalysts for Water Electrolysis: Circular Economy-Driven Sustainable Green Hydrogen Energy",
"venue": "Nano-Micro Letters",
"year": 2022,
"authors": [
"Zhijie Chen",
"Sining Yun",
"Lan Wu",
"Jiaqi Zhang",
"Xingdong ... |
the effect of GFRP, or CFRP, or AFRP, or BFRP reinforcements using fiber reinforcement concrete, or high performance concrete, or ultimate high performance concrete, or engineering cementations composites [High damage tolerance concrete] on the plastic hinge of the beam or column under cyclic loading | 2025-04-25T09:14:53.952024+00:00 | f4925205ddb10b0626438b27fed53b7d4a8af91e6fb8a876bcff42454f7c71a9 | 53 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 46938141,
"title": "Comparative Analysis of Existing RC Columns Jacketed with CFRP or FRCC",
"venue": "Polymers",
"year": 2018,
"authors": [
"M. Del Zoppo",
"M. Di Ludovico",
"A. Balsamo",
"A. Prota"
],
"abstract": "Reinforced concrete (RC) columns ... |
However, most of the developed dry joint designs rely on sophisticated and high-precision components (such as steel I-plates, pins, rubber blankets, metal dampers), and involve complex installation steps. This complexity is contrary to the needs of low-rise building construction in developing countries that require sim... | 2025-06-21T06:16:30.026271+00:00 | 4a59b6b79c3110dd0eb6365249bae7bcfe0a0a0f311126b251f3f760102e4745 | 67 | 3 | true | [
{
"corpus_id": 235740972,
"title": "A Novel Design of Energy-Saving and Prefabricated House System for Rural Area of Northwest China",
"venue": "",
"year": 2021,
"authors": [
"Geon-Ho Song",
"Liangsheng Guo",
"Meng Wu"
],
"abstract": "This research proposes a novel type... |
Concurrently, the risk of severe MP pneumonia (SMPP) shifted upward to 5 years, likely attributable to the more mature immune systems of school-age children, which may paradoxically drive exaggerated systemic inflammatory responses, predisposing to severe complications | 2025-04-04T12:30:25.575161+00:00 | cc48e0b5ce01381167850c899761754fe5e2845fd6892631b3b04cd9a0eea57d | 67 | 1 | true | [
{
"corpus_id": 267199254,
"title": "Clinical Characteristics of Lung Consolidation with Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia and Risk Factors for Mycoplasma pneumoniae Necrotizing Pneumonia in Children",
"venue": "Infectious Disease and Therapy",
"year": 2024,
"authors": [
"Xue Zhang",
"R... |
Angiogenesis mainly relies on two mechanisms: it is achieved through the migration of existing host endothelial cells (EC) and basement membrane remodeling, but is limited by the slow process regulated by growth factors (such as VEGF and bFGF), or through the self-assembly of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) to form ... | 2025-05-28T12:49:53.432357+00:00 | 9ad63ce8824e496c419b5385954369e9ebb63ea44520d0acc92d296cedb40a8e | 75 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 210829351,
"title": "Endothelial Transient Receptor Potential Channels and Vascular Remodeling: Extracellular Ca2 + Entry for Angiogenesis, Arteriogenesis and Vasculogenesis",
"venue": "Frontiers in Physiology",
"year": 2020,
"authors": [
"Sharon Negri",
"Pawan S Faris... |
I need to find research gaps related to isolated indigenous peoples in the Amazon. The research context is composed by all the research on indigenous peoples from social sciences (sociology, anthropology, political science, etc.) and legal approaches (including comparative, jurisprudencial, dogmatic or socio-legal res... | 2025-04-25T14:04:19.671534+00:00 | 1d851b500596a390045e13b7584c00cc9d37661aaed4ffd0d98231f48a9aaa0b | 25 | 1 | true | [
{
"corpus_id": 266383369,
"title": "Status of the Current Scientific Knowledge on Pirahã",
"venue": "Anthropologia integra",
"year": 2023,
"authors": [
"M. Horák",
"Michal Uhrin",
"Ana Paula Amaral"
],
"abstract": "This paper is focused on the status of the current scie... |
Help me find some papers with the following requirements:
1. Clearly mention the technical content related to "encrypted traffic detection mechanism, between star chains and ground".
2.If there is no relevant content in the paper, just answer honestly and do not fabricate or subjectively infer
3. The found paper must b... | 2025-08-16T02:38:08.454327+00:00 | 6e7b1365d3b7dbfecb35e7becb5dfb32e13c9e3920c1f676ff8f094735974816 | 67 | 5 | true | [
{
"corpus_id": 16874173,
"title": "Entropy Estimation for Real-Time Encrypted Traffic Identification (Short Paper)",
"venue": "Traffic Monitoring and Analysis",
"year": 2011,
"authors": [
"P. Dorfinger",
"Georg Panholzer",
"Wolfgang John"
],
"abstract": null,
"doi":... |
i am researching hydrogen technologies for single home power storage in combinations with photovoltaics as power source. i want an overview of the most relevant electrolyzer, storage and fuel stack technologies in this field. later on i want to evaluate their potential but first i need the different types and their pro... | 2025-07-16T00:58:55.059788+00:00 | 70d6bfc33013a9e8bd20d0a588653736a02ac25ee5a2903a6f0d7495fa856d56 | 42 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 257660068,
"title": "Performance Analysis of a Zero-Energy Building Using Photovoltaics and Hydrogen Storage",
"venue": "Applied System Innovation",
"year": 2023,
"authors": [
"Evangelos Bellos",
"Panagiotis Lykas",
"C. Tzivanidis"
],
"abstract": "The exp... |
articles published from 2020 onwards that qualitatively analyze loyalty programs in the retail industry. The studies should explore how loyalty programs influence customer loyalty (attitudinal or behavioral), customer satisfaction, perceived value of rewards, or customer engagement. Prioritize research that uses qualit... | 2025-08-17T07:09:45.626369+00:00 | a5f3efae8f72a272d35d5c89da83afb86c57eaafc6ed30b97bcb6940b06a8e00 | 70 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 265651140,
"title": "Retailers view on customer loyalty – a social resource theory perspective",
"venue": "International Review of Retail Distribution & Consumer Research",
"year": 2023,
"authors": [
"Stavroula Wallström",
"Sara Hjelm Lidholm",
"Malin Sundström"
... |
This may be due to the formation of a hydrophobic carbonized layer on the material's surface during the carbonization process, which leads to an increase in the contact angle. To further investigate the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of the material, the retention time of water droplets on the material surface ... | 2025-05-13T15:29:39.525980+00:00 | 7ad7d6d045a898e2f22b665c52b5775f9e4c8c4088e4fdc20818190087e93c31 | 58 | 1 | true | [
{
"corpus_id": 275076471,
"title": "Formation of Wrinkled Nanostructures via Surface–Bulk Curing Disparity in Ethyl Cyanoacrylate: Toward Superhydrophobic Surface Applications",
"venue": "Nanomaterials",
"year": 2024,
"authors": [
"Changwoo Lee",
"Heon-Ju Choi",
"K. Jeong",
... |
Hey, I'm currently designing an autonomous scientist, specifically focusing on the hypothesis generation, experiment planning, and experiment execution pieces. I have already done a little bit of literature review, but I'm essentially trying to figure out what is the best way for me to take the feedback from the experi... | 2025-07-23T12:40:28.952077+00:00 | 3f9baa522af64a9d4097dae13d3e7d511b3c679afd378fe809066e438232e13d | 64 | 1 | true | [
{
"corpus_id": 273811997,
"title": "CycleResearcher: Improving Automated Research via Automated Review",
"venue": "International Conference on Learning Representations",
"year": 2024,
"authors": [
"Yixuan Weng",
"Minjun Zhu",
"Guangsheng Bao",
"Hongbo Zhang",
"Jindo... |
This is the manuscript I am writing. Suggest me references and qi style writing introduction for this.
2.3 Yeast Strain Isolation and Identification A sample of fermented jackfruit (1 g) was homogenized in 9 mL of sterile saline solution (0.9% NaCl). Serial dilutions of the homogenate were prepared and spread-plated o... | 2025-08-15T15:12:02.386546+00:00 | 06c8a2c8e6683692fe46c2af159bb0eeaffe80b9de74c9bde3499dac33991344 | 26 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 257988401,
"title": "An Overview of Bioactive Phenolic Molecules and Antioxidant Properties of Beer: Emerging Trends",
"venue": "Molecules",
"year": 2023,
"authors": [
"M. Nardini"
],
"abstract": "Beer is one of the oldest and most common beverages worldwide. The phe... |
**Guiding Research Questions:**
* What are the cognitive processes that underpin both divergent thinking (generating many options) and convergent thinking (selecting the best option)?
* How do classic brainstorming techniques (e.g., Osborn's method, SCAMPER) map onto formal decision-making frameworks (e.g., Cynefin... | 2025-07-25T10:44:07.861889+00:00 | 6abcc5eafc85150e6b9d41667be2dd7e244e3ef4bbc09151756e75d63d1c64e4 | 17 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 264071868,
"title": "The reciprocal relationship between openness and creativity: from neurobiology to multicultural environments",
"venue": "Frontiers in Neurology",
"year": 2023,
"authors": [
"Maison Abu Raya",
"A. O. Ogunyemi",
"Veronica Rojas Carstensen",
... |
Give me papers related to the following: Recommendation on Action: Reinforcement Learning based Approach to post tune LLM using simulation environment
We propose building this capability by integrating RL-based post-tuning of a general-purpose LLM with a high-fidelity supply chain simulation, enabling intelligent, con... | 2025-08-15T17:37:51.300914+00:00 | c7e58d9a076bc937e4603841d0e7fedaca36704822a2294a12f33c3dab4f1e38 | 41 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 256615643,
"title": "Grounding Large Language Models in Interactive Environments with Online Reinforcement Learning",
"venue": "International Conference on Machine Learning",
"year": 2023,
"authors": [
"Thomas Carta",
"Clément Romac",
"Thomas Wolf",
"S. Lam... |
当前RISC-V架构的应用版图正加速扩张，其技术优势在多个关键领域实现突破性进展：在嵌入式与物联网领域，RISC-V凭借模块化设计和能效优势，已逐步取代传统架构成为新一代微控制器（MCU）的首选方案（Uygulamalar et al., 2020）。存储控制领域，该架构正重塑SSD控制器等存储核心部件的设计范式。在智能计算方向，RISC-V既可作为独立AI加速器主控，又能与专用神经网络处理单元形成异构计算体系（Asanovic et al., 2020）。更值得注意的是，基于超标量乱序执行技术的高性能核心已开始冲击数据中心市场，展现出替代x86/ARM服务器的潜力（Asanovic et al., 2020）。此外，该架构在汽车电... | 2025-05-15T02:02:22.528549+00:00 | 040998466e35db612e48e51316f74c5bc2951538517ce8c7f570a722ac483b4c | 47 | 2 | true | [
{
"corpus_id": 277591494,
"title": "Optimised Extension of an Ultra-Low-Power RISC-V Processor to Support Lightweight Neural Network Models",
"venue": "Chips",
"year": 2025,
"authors": [
"Qiankun Liu",
"Sam Amiri"
],
"abstract": "With the increasing demand for efficient deep ... |
Dalam era transformasi digital, anjak piutang syariah juga menghadapi tantangan adaptasi terhadap perubahan teknologi yang cepat. Digitalisasi layanan, penerapan artificial intelligence (AI) untuk analisis risiko, serta penggunaan big data dalam mengidentifikasi profil pembayaran debitur menjadi keharusan untuk meningk... | 2025-05-05T00:48:37.047442+00:00 | c3b8bc7101b820862e5b8ec9cf31355f6129aeb5274afcecc90f081c4e83a83a | 56 | 2 | true | [
{
"corpus_id": 234682591,
"title": "Wajah Ekonomi 4.0: Perbankan Syari'ah Digital, Peningkatan Daya Saing dan Strategi Dakwah Islam",
"venue": "Idarotuna",
"year": 2020,
"authors": [
"Fathayatul Husna"
],
"abstract": "Era Revolusi Industri 4.0 sebagai era yang ditandai dengan masif... |
when tourism businesses act unethically, it negatively affects how communities and visitors see the entire destination. It also weakens the partnerships between companies and tourism agencies or local iwi (tribal authorities), who expect businesses to respect cultural values and community standards. | 2025-06-18T08:48:22.901154+00:00 | 28b9fa5e79730b8637465c041df541b51f52fb2638d83cd2771a01c162127621 | 25 | 1 | true | [
{
"corpus_id": 253174319,
"title": "Resident Perception of Conflict with Tourism Enterprise: An Investigation at A Mountainous Destination in Vietnam",
"venue": "E-Journal of Tourism",
"year": 2022,
"authors": [
"D. Hien",
"Tran Duc Thanh"
],
"abstract": "Based on extended so... |
The escalating volume of multimodal astronomical data (images, text) presents significant hurdles for efficient exploration and knowledge discovery. Traditional search methods often fail to bridge the semantic gap between modalities or require specialized expertise. We introduce CosmoLens, a system employing Retrieval-... | 2025-05-02T14:14:26.450224+00:00 | 3fc9bc7707aec5a34681ccbd15f510c4a66820dcec6de7db6f491ba81aa769c5 | 46 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 273026318,
"title": "Markarian Multiwavelength Data Center (MMDC): A Tool for Retrieving and Modeling Multitemporal, Multiwavelength, and Multimessenger Data from Blazar Observations",
"venue": "Astronomical Journal",
"year": 2024,
"authors": [
"N. Sahakyan",
"V. Varda... |
Tasawuf klasik menekankan pentingnya peran guru spiritual (murshid) dalam membimbing perjalanan batin seorang murid. Hubungan antara guru dan murid bukan sekadar hubungan belajar mengajar biasa, melainkan ikatan spiritual yang mendalam. Guru dianggap sebagai pemandu yang telah melewati berbagai tahapan maqamat dan mamp... | 2025-06-09T00:46:04.313070+00:00 | 836d8f8a32e5807a245a1b6d2c683d6b7c743c7e3b384a6d6dd416bd11097cf5 | 47 | 1 | true | [
{
"corpus_id": 250326160,
"title": "Islamic Education Institutions with Sufism Characteristics in Classic Times (Ribath, Zawiyah, and Khanqah)",
"venue": "IJIE: International Journal of Islamic Education",
"year": 2022,
"authors": [
"Rafika Nisa",
"Muhamadaree Waeno"
],
"abst... |
AI in disease surveillance lifecycle stages. I am looking for papers and gray literature on how AI is currently being used in infectious disease surveillance lifecycle from (i) Program design, (ii) Data collection, (iii) Data integration, (iv) Data analysis, (v) Information dissemination, (vi) Responses, (vii) Policy d... | 2025-07-21T07:25:00.583643+00:00 | 3d416e6c51ff5b0ce705682896469ca9517ba31c5b067a784593cfbc0f934b61 | 61 | 1 | true | [
{
"corpus_id": 245482220,
"title": "Data-Driven Analytics Leveraging Artificial Intelligence in the Era of COVID-19: An Insightful Review of Recent Developments",
"venue": "Symmetry",
"year": 2021,
"authors": [
"Abdul Majeed",
"S. Hwang"
],
"abstract": "This paper presents th... |
I want to write on something related to representation learning in RL, espicially how those things like CLIP, cnn, transistor, and rnn encoders , or even simple one layer MLP feature extractor(whatever encoders) performs in representation leaning (How the latent space created by them could reflect the real state)
Try ... | 2025-04-05T13:29:10.364258+00:00 | 20e5048831af265fca7827beb75e5e42ee98edee68f9576694401c30cef32dc8 | 69 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 249848024,
"title": "CtrlFormer: Learning Transferable State Representation for Visual Control via Transformer",
"venue": "International Conference on Machine Learning",
"year": 2022,
"authors": [
"Yao Mu",
"Shoufa Chen",
"Mingyu Ding",
"Jianyu Chen",
... |
Tell me a little about Vander Waals interactions. How does science describe the region where these forces interact? Is it a field? Is it an electron cloud? Is it beyond the electron cloud? Is it a force, is it a barrier? Formulate an understanding of the phenomenon. | 2025-08-21T23:06:24.998599+00:00 | 212b4d59a1c8efbfa51ca9c65685d260d45a65668f17b44bba4abdefcd30646a | 69 | 1 | true | [
{
"corpus_id": 56272757,
"title": "Effective field theories for van der Waals interactions",
"venue": "",
"year": 2017,
"authors": [
"N. Brambilla",
"Vladyslav Shtabovenko",
"J. Castellà",
"A. Vairo"
],
"abstract": "Van der Waals interactions between two neutral b... |
Sebagai ilustrasi praktis, misalkan sebuah perusahaan tekstil memiliki tagihan piutang sebesar Rp500 juta dari beberapa pelanggannya yang belum dibayar. Untuk menjaga arus kas, perusahaan tersebut menjalin kerja sama dengan perusahaan anjak piutang syariah melalui akad wakalah bil ujrah. Perusahaan anjak piutang mengam... | 2025-05-05T10:10:16.185676+00:00 | 774d81a3942196b3f58dac2f7747e2e61c3e756f6d65580ad50c4faa8368e2da | 28 | 1 | true | [
{
"corpus_id": 55399102,
"title": "THE CONTRACT OF MURABAHAH BIL WAKALAH ON THE SAVING-LOAN COOPERATIVE AND SYARIAH FINANCING (KSPPS) REVIEWED FROM JUSTICE AND BENEFIT PERSPECTIVE",
"venue": "",
"year": 2017,
"authors": [
"N. E. Wardhani",
"Sihabudin",
"Masruchin Ruba’i",
... |
Information Bottlenecks in Language Model Collaboration
What is the problem?
Collaborative LM systems are gaining popularity (i.e., Minions etc.). However we lack a principled way of understanding the cost-accuracy tradeoff of 2+ more LLMs collaborating to complete a task. This motivates the questions: Can we provide... | 2025-04-10T15:14:05.451376+00:00 | e0f309a4d28bf44d3deb7484bf2b43726588fde5ed3038bf990d28efb26d58cd | 15 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 269293591,
"title": "Protecting Your LLMs with Information Bottleneck",
"venue": "Neural Information Processing Systems",
"year": 2024,
"authors": [
"Zichuan Liu",
"Zefan Wang",
"Linjie Xu",
"Jinyu Wang",
"Lei Song",
"Tianchun Wang",
"Chun... |
I'm looking for a paper about pests or plant diseases that published a dataset with repeated observations at the same site. It should be at least from 2018 or newer and ideally from India.
The dataset should be publically available.
For example some fungus like rice blast. | 2025-05-11T12:59:18.928441+00:00 | cdf6a9f99d51c35ec7866b6883874a0f948f1b75a7aae4ee5e2219b0f8bbcc78 | 75 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 270004078,
"title": "Investigation to answer three key questions concerning plant pest identification and development of a practical identification framework",
"venue": "Computers and Electronics in Agriculture",
"year": 2024,
"authors": [
"Ryosuke Wayama",
"Yuki Sasak... |
Chemical synthesis routes of L-glyceraldehyde, such as the oxidation of glucose or glycerol, can yield L-glyceraldehyde; however, they often suffer from low stereoselectivity, side reactions, and extensive purification steps due to the use of protecting groups, toxic reagents, and organic solvents | 2025-05-01T08:31:31.575673+00:00 | 1f7247662e716ac35a85f51295071e5158c7bf9b2935c0688ac4fe2a74140ccd | 14 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 210861954,
"title": "One-Pot Multienzyme Synthesis of Rare Ketoses from Glycerol.",
"venue": "Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry",
"year": 2020,
"authors": [
"Zijie Li",
"Fen Li",
"Li Cai",
"Zhou Chen",
"L. Qin",
"Xiao-Dong Gao"
],
... |
In regard to St Patrick's Day, what are the predominant values and ideas communicated in the celebration of this national day, and how have they changed over time? What are some of the problems arising from the official or popular version of the past, and to what extent and in what ways are these values contested? | 2025-08-11T17:18:03.723944+00:00 | 684ee5e941ebda03891fa3fe137926d0b6139c4f1644fa9c4fbe39fedb7b6f6e | 7 | 2 | true | [
{
"corpus_id": 266019927,
"title": "Pride and Prejudice",
"venue": "",
"year": 2007,
"authors": [
"Sally Munt",
"Katherine E O'Donnell"
],
"abstract": "This article discusses the successful legal exclusion of Irish lesbians and gays from the St. Patrick's Day parade in New Yo... |
Literature review to detect water surfaces using Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-1 imagery. Eventually also Landsat imagery.
The objective of this chat is to carry out a literature review and an evaluation of methods available in the scientific literature to detect water bodies as accurate as possible in the Google Earth Engi... | 2025-07-20T15:19:45.102913+00:00 | a9f55c680e2bad3cf24de79b309929245ce4d9fcf921e94f38359b30a3a86d77 | 54 | 3 | true | [
{
"corpus_id": 235190263,
"title": "An Optical and SAR Based Fusion Approach for Mapping Surface Water Dynamics over Mainland China",
"venue": "Remote Sensing",
"year": 2021,
"authors": [
"Daniel Druce",
"X. Tong",
"X. Lei",
"T. Guo",
"C. Kittel",
"K. Grogan",... |
The global recognition of CCUS technologies also has a great influence on setting the national strategic approach by demonstrating its viability in EOR, which is important for Indonesia, a developing country that has abundant natural resources and is heavily dependent on global energy trade. | 2025-07-07T18:36:43.283025+00:00 | ed7f4df5346f805b16f05f3aec21c883d48cc1e662501b8dfdeeb87b647e42e2 | 73 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 239504587,
"title": "Carbon capture and storage at the end of a lost decade",
"venue": "One Earth",
"year": 2021,
"authors": [
"Emma Martin-Roberts",
"V. Scott",
"S. Flude",
"G. Johnson",
"R. Haszeldine",
"S. Gilfillan"
],
"abstract": "S... |
Samatha, or “focused attention” meditation, involves sustained concentration on a chosen object—often the breath or a visual focus—with the aim of achieving a state of absorption. During advanced stages, individuals may experience reduced distractibility and heightened mental calm | 2025-06-02T15:19:06.622971+00:00 | 51a2d5d0e28b8283cfcff41b184ab8411a51f2b023563fac06b58ebe5dbaafd6 | 69 | 2 | true | [
{
"corpus_id": 269544533,
"title": "Report from a Tibetan Monastery: EEG neural correlates of concentrative and analytical meditation",
"venue": "Frontiers in Psychology",
"year": 2024,
"authors": [
"B. Neri",
"A. Callara",
"N. Vanello",
"D. Menicucci",
"A. Zaccaro"... |
The educational landscapes of Indonesia and the Philippines present unique contexts for examining TK readiness. Both countries have made significant strides in integrating technology into education, but face challenges related to infrastructure, access, and teacher training | 2025-07-28T23:46:11.981071+00:00 | ea19def046ceeb363b0f680dbb079fc10e3496e2256f230b1191579e4c4c9c05 | 37 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 276658213,
"title": "Optimizing Digital Literacy Integration in Early Childhood Education: A Case Study of Tarbiyatul Athfal Bulumanis Kidul Kindergarten",
"venue": "Golden Age: Jurnal Ilmiah Tumbuh Kembang Anak Usia Dini",
"year": 2024,
"authors": [
"Tafrihah",
"Yuli ... |
Search for recent high-impact papers (preferably published in journals like Nature, Science, Nature Food, Nature Sustainability, PNAS, Nature Communications, etc.) focused on agricultural research. I’m particularly interested in studies related to crop yield modeling, climate-smart agriculture, remote sensing applicati... | 2025-07-06T19:23:24.409144+00:00 | 0421281746562804043607975a136ddfcd7cfe0808ea88980dcf1086f245a0df | 43 | 1 | true | [
{
"corpus_id": 222305990,
"title": "Using satellite imagery to understand and promote sustainable development",
"venue": "Science",
"year": 2019,
"authors": [
"M. Burke",
"Anne Driscoll",
"D. Lobell",
"Stefano Ermon"
],
"abstract": "Satellite monitoring of develop... |
Find two academic articles published in Protestant theological journals since 2017 that analyze Protestant responses to Roman Catholic ecumenical initiatives. Focus on evangelical or mainline Protestant reflections, including theological critiques or collaborations. | 2025-07-02T22:19:50.111588+00:00 | 85305f109546b1fc2896f200418d774b38d412fe0d5c5d7d56a81e08ffb32ecf | 53 | 2 | true | [
{
"corpus_id": 270468781,
"title": "Receiving Each Other's Gifts",
"venue": "",
"year": 2024,
"authors": [
"Dorothea Sattler",
"Friederike Nüssel"
],
"abstract": "Using the example of the Lord's Supper and the eucharist, this article seeks to show the conditions which make a ... |
Hi, I am looking at how LLMs can recommend imaging modalities for standardized clinical scenarios based on the recommendations put forth by the ACR. Can I get papers that discuss this topic for the following LLMs: Chat-GPT (OpenAI), Claude, Gemini (Bard), and OpenEvidence? | 2025-07-09T17:57:16.038705+00:00 | 8416d4fca72a0d64ac6f43dc1ca505870e31876f74ea7b9f92a17ade425b3226 | 19 | 20 | true | [
{
"corpus_id": 258215525,
"title": "A context-based chatbot surpasses trained radiologists and generic ChatGPT in following the ACR appropriateness guidelines",
"venue": "medRxiv",
"year": 2023,
"authors": [
"A. Rau",
"S. Rau",
"D. Zoeller",
"A. Fink",
"Hien Tran",
... |
Fenomena empiris yang menjadi perhatian utama dalam penelitian ini adalah tantangan spesifik yang dihadapi dalam pengelolaan dana BOS melalui ARKAS di lingkungan sekolah dasar di daerah terpencil. Kabupaten Tana Tidung, sebagai salah satu daerah terpencil di luar Jawa, memiliki karakteristik geografis dan sosial yang u... | 2025-06-07T08:49:40.648665+00:00 | 0617db3fe8ea6cdcd740c8130717e6e2a96e2a19eb168452973a86951fae6646 | 40 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 272321890,
"title": "Effectiveness of the use of the school budget activity plan application in managing school operational assistance funds at Elementary School Number 1 Abiansemal in 2024",
"venue": "Priviet Social Sciences Journal",
"year": 2024,
"authors": [
"Ni Made",
... |
in brdge bolted connections. The primary advantages of bolted connections include ease of installation and maintenance, flexibility in assembly and disassembly processes, and their ability to maintain structural strength and stability effectively. Nevertheless, this method also presents certain limitations, such as the... | 2025-05-14T15:19:15.211312+00:00 | 6e5aa09580615ebe42571ab3e9668ef96ab813534b42bb30e5d2b67d4cb0f4ca | 31 | 1 | true | [
{
"corpus_id": 235591286,
"title": "Structural health monitoring of splice joint in a steel beam",
"venue": "",
"year": 2021,
"authors": [
"Aastha",
"R. Singh"
],
"abstract": "Nowadays, steel sections are extensively used in various constructions because of its lesser erectio... |
Can you find any papers showing if inference-time scaling with external tools can be more inference-time efficient without any tool calls? In other words, can we outperform models with massive reasoning tokens if we have access to external tools like code execution or search | 2025-08-08T18:20:12.805976+00:00 | 22e08afdbe36f4cdd5859511be23466a868d9934976baada15fd9c37a64a708b | 42 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 279305850,
"title": "CoRT: Code-integrated Reasoning within Thinking",
"venue": "arXiv.org",
"year": 2025,
"authors": [
"Chengpeng Li",
"Zhengyang Tang",
"Ziniu Li",
"Mingfeng Xue",
"Keqin Bao",
"Tian Ding",
"Ruoyu Sun",
"Benyou Wang... |
Project teams are increasingly made up of people from a variety of ethnicities, cultures, age groups, and backgrounds in today's international business environment. The potential for innovation, creativity, and improved problem-solving skills is tremendous because of this diversity. However, certain leadership competen... | 2025-08-10T14:34:00.289009+00:00 | 04758312d0700bae35bfe4c7ce2bfb8b90bb27c0be4c618e0f408b2f7e901d16 | 58 | 3 | true | [
{
"corpus_id": 229548031,
"title": "Leadership & Diversity: Synergistic Cross-culturalism",
"venue": "Journal of student-scientists' research",
"year": 2020,
"authors": [
"P. Bassett"
],
"abstract": "As the harbinger of change, globalization has led to increased demand for leaders ... |
The most popular tools for analysing single-cell genomics data in "infertility research" :
Including: Name Platform Language Official Link
and categorised in this manner:
General purposes
Pre-processing and quantification
Quality control
Normalization
Data correction
Feature selection
Dimensionality reduction and
visua... | 2025-07-31T06:24:29.206678+00:00 | b4fe71e3d592b3fa7c17d3c671277ed1be2273bed6a37d0a2de1372da1a906a5 | 73 | 1 | true | [
{
"corpus_id": 3314041,
"title": "SCANPY: large-scale single-cell gene expression data analysis",
"venue": "Genome Biology",
"year": 2018,
"authors": [
"F. Wolf",
"Philipp Angerer",
"Fabian J Theis"
],
"abstract": "Scanpy is a scalable toolkit for analyzing single-cell ... |
• Public-private partnerships (PPPs) have become a strategic tool for health system reform in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), particularly in contexts where public sector capacity is limited and health demands are increasing. These long-term collaborations aim to leverage the efficiency, innovation, and capit... | 2025-05-16T17:37:23.202487+00:00 | 0875c32ca732fae01459b44ed7b2c75bbf3ee55a2d018b8e8155627f9b70154d | 61 | 2 | true | [
{
"corpus_id": 162182392,
"title": "Public private partnership in the training of doctors after the 1990s’ health sector reforms: the case of Tanzania",
"venue": "Human Resources for Health",
"year": 2019,
"authors": [
"N. Sirili",
"G. Frumence",
"A. Kiwara",
"M. Mwangu",... |
I want a paper that shows that over the past decade, subscription-based video-on-demand (SVOD) services have undergone a rapid expansion, transforming the way in which we watch television and establishing themselves as a staple of entertainment in households. | 2025-08-13T11:50:02.616442+00:00 | ce4df35ce6f005445ee9318573fed56e4872d42a227aeda4e09b2822935a1531 | 66 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 268193326,
"title": "Authorized and Unauthorized Consumption of SVOD Content: Modeling Determinants of Demand and Measuring Effects of Enforcing Access Control",
"venue": "Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research",
"year": 2024,
"authors": [
"Ignacio R... |
Classical Genome Mining
The foundational strategy for secondary metabolite discovery involves targeted searches for genes encoding conserved biosynthetic enzymes. This approach capitalizes on the evolutionary conservation of core metabolic machinery across structurally diverse compounds, including polyketides (PKS-deri... | 2025-07-09T21:36:29.710991+00:00 | dad21307932284a1f7950f26f3e3965715524eb65b6b9b50146067e2dcb5fb3b | 75 | 4 | true | [
{
"corpus_id": 220364688,
"title": "Mini review: Genome mining approaches for the identification of secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters in Streptomyces",
"venue": "Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal",
"year": 2020,
"authors": [
"Namil Lee",
"Soonkyu Hwang"... |
Systematic analyses of transboundary water relations in the Euphrates-Tigris basin reveal that key riparian states—Türkiye, Syria, and Iraq—favor water diplomacy over conflict. Despite political instability, including the Syrian civil war, Türkiye and Iraq have re-engaged in formal and informal water diplomacy mechanis... | 2025-05-06T09:42:41.681181+00:00 | ac2d14ca2bf32bf37d8b7aba4dded6afa0f4b54753d95ecd634f5317cb61ac47 | 67 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 265391546,
"title": "IMPORTANCE OF WATER RESOURCES IN THE MIDDLE EASTERN POLITICS",
"venue": "Pakistan journal of international affairs",
"year": 2023,
"authors": [
"Prof. Dr. Sayeda Daud"
],
"abstract": "Water is the lifeblood of all human and natural systems. Altho... |
What studies compare the sensitivity, specificity, and overall diagnostic performance of the Modified Agglutination Test (MAT) versus conventional PCR for screening Toxoplasma gondii in humans or animals, particularly highlighting the limitations of MAT as a screening tool? | 2025-06-18T22:58:28.639955+00:00 | 1b65bd7b1af2996e401e46c44caa8ffd03baea9bea106f8dc46b2ac469d94123 | 19 | 1 | true | [
{
"corpus_id": 219437449,
"title": "Comparison of the modified agglutination test and real-time PCR for detection of Toxoplasma gondii exposure in feral cats from Phillip Island, Australia, and risk factors associated with infection",
"venue": "International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildl... |
The Hebrew alphabet, in which additional letters were added, for example, to make it 24 letters or 27. Are there any examples of Jewish scholars or sages in the Middle Ages or antiquity expanding the regular Hebrew alphabet of 22 letters to a larger size (for example, for symbolic purposes)? | 2025-07-21T13:56:12.065044+00:00 | f94085e0e48baed97c12c16a3c1bfc1f12fe0d8f5ca252bd63052d7ed75db353 | 28 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 54905852,
"title": "Emergence of a New Written Culture: The use of Hebrew script among the Krimchaks and the Karaim",
"venue": "",
"year": 2017,
"authors": [
"Zsuzsanna Olach"
],
"abstract": "Conversion to a religion usually has a positive impact on the written cultu... |
Find papers with the same topic as the following papers:
Better Reasoning with Less Data: Enhancing VLMs Through Unified Modality Scoring
PRISM: Self-Pruning Intrinsic Selection Method for Training-Free Multimodal Data Selection
Active Data Curation Effectively Distills Large-Scale Multimodal Models
Mastering Collabora... | 2025-08-21T10:07:59.708796+00:00 | 3acbe57f8aabe4053157899582bac50fc2b4dbaa3004823ac34cccbf16bec50e | 23 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 279261268,
"title": "Better Reasoning with Less Data: Enhancing VLMs Through Unified Modality Scoring",
"venue": "arXiv.org",
"year": 2025,
"authors": [
"Mingjie Xu",
"Andrew Estornell",
"Hongzheng Yang",
"Yuzhi Zhao",
"Zhaowei Zhu",
"Qi Xuan",
... |
(2) Find research studies that analyze the differential effects of student engagement strategies on math achievement across various performance levels (low, middle, high) in middle school students.
(3) Identify literature that specifically supports the claim that middle-achieving students derive the most benefit from c... | 2025-06-30T23:00:19.164440+00:00 | 247146150e6cde4be91fbb1c2efb5e9af3ee391a3e339df0d0d5ec3917634c2f | 42 | 3 | true | [
{
"corpus_id": 199466753,
"title": "A national experiment reveals where a growth mindset improves achievement",
"venue": "Nature",
"year": 2019,
"authors": [
"David S. Yeager",
"Paul Hanselman",
"G. Walton",
"Jared S. Murray",
"Robert Crosnoe",
"C. Muller",
... |
Find good research papers that includes limitations by focusing on challenges in detecting hallucinations in long-form generation, underexplored multi-agent detection methods (such as adversarial debate and voting), and the lack of explainable AI approaches for hallucination detection. | 2025-08-12T07:19:29.323608+00:00 | 88861a8be9d2f78ff36cc3052c1e89f3497dc495199be5491b8ad8ace0a06978 | 41 | 15 | true | [
{
"corpus_id": 274965189,
"title": "Toward Robust Hyper-Detailed Image Captioning: A Multiagent Approach and Dual Evaluation Metrics for Factuality and Coverage",
"venue": "International Conference on Machine Learning",
"year": 2024,
"authors": [
"Saehyung Lee",
"Seunghyun Yoon",
... |
Z perspektywy patofizjologicznej, stres wpływa na układ immunologiczny poprzez aktywację osi HPA i wzrost stężenia kortyzolu, co paradoksalnie – przy długotrwałym działaniu – może prowadzić do osłabienia odpowiedzi przeciwzapalnej i wzrostu aktywności cytokin prozapalnych | 2025-08-08T04:20:21.964630+00:00 | 36d8a668893c61fe84b3c327aec7a3040d8b24753c9d22f024f4ea3660580151 | 75 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 265629106,
"title": "The Role of Cortisol in Chronic Stress, Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Psychological Disorders",
"venue": "Cells",
"year": 2023,
"authors": [
"Emilija Knezevic",
"Katarina Nenic",
"Vladislav Milanovic",
"N. Knezevic"
],
"abstra... |
What are currently accepted bounds of test empirical risk and true risk?
I am using test empirical risk in an algorithm but the math uses true risk. I am trying to quantify the impact of the approximation. A lower bound and upper bound on the empirical risk in terms of the true risk is what I am seeking to know how far... | 2025-06-16T20:53:46.746049+00:00 | cf434609057b9b90a33bf41e7837cd55ee1c793bd6d88c0daf13f5f24e5978c1 | 35 | 1 | true | [
{
"corpus_id": 248887666,
"title": "Certified Error Control of Candidate Set Pruning for Two-Stage Relevance Ranking",
"venue": "Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
"year": 2022,
"authors": [
"Minghan Li",
"Xinyu Crystina Zhang",
"Ji Xin",
"Ho... |
Testosterone regulates the female sexual response cycle through both central mechanisms (by modulating the dopaminergic neurons in the ventral medial nucleus of the hypothalamus, enhancing sexual motivation and libido) and peripheral mechanisms (by promoting blood flow to the clitoris and vaginal corpus cavernosum, inc... | 2025-08-25T16:09:51.342670+00:00 | 603e8d8e52ea5241225596307835d1d37bf85062f83142912a6d817df795b133 | 41 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 233029015,
"title": "International Society for the Study of Women's Sexual Health Clinical Practice Guideline for the Use of Systemic Testosterone for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder in Women.",
"venue": "Journal of Sexual Medicine",
"year": 2021,
"authors": [
"S. Parish",... |
The Resource-Based View (RBV) framework provides an understanding that AI technology in recruitment is a form of strategic asset that can provide a competitive advantage if it is developed in a unique way, is difficult to imitate, and is in accordance with the needs of the organization. | 2025-05-21T13:22:02.483781+00:00 | 69f9191f84e31f7d97548fee395f3b3def063f811c3b18250df0a64d9f3f51c0 | 73 | 2 | true | [
{
"corpus_id": 257063522,
"title": "Revisiting the resource-based view (RBV) theory: from cross-functional capabilities perspective in post COVID-19 period",
"venue": "Journal of Strategic Marketing",
"year": 2023,
"authors": [
"Sheshadri Chatterjee",
"Ranjan Chaudhuri",
"D. Vr... |
I"m trying to design an experiment where i will be activating char produced from wheat straw and beech wood using carbon dioxide as an activating agent. i need to research the literature for experimental parameters like residence time ratio of activating medium to char, temperature and nitrogen flow rate | 2025-05-13T08:45:08.586766+00:00 | f4d76d75d05378355b845cb98c053aff8ab14a64192bd19046ecbaa43606ce6f | 58 | 3 | true | [
{
"corpus_id": 210988400,
"title": "Adsorption Performance of Physically Activated Biochars for Postcombustion CO2 Capture from Dry and Humid Flue Gas",
"venue": "Applied Sciences",
"year": 2020,
"authors": [
"J. Manyà",
"David García-Morcate",
"Belén González"
],
"abst... |
Can you help me find more related work to hallucination and knowledge inconsistency in LLM. LLMs excel in many tasks, yet they frequently hallucinate or behave inconsistently~\cite{huang2025survey,zhang2023siren,rawte2023survey}.
Knowledge inconsistency—models failing to supply factually correct or self-consistent an... | 2025-05-14T00:59:11.158025+00:00 | e86cc3a7edfb940cb1d9c41de8a55c78af60266dee5967537878a77604762e6a | 75 | 1 | true | [
{
"corpus_id": 267060796,
"title": "Knowledge Verification to Nip Hallucination in the Bud",
"venue": "Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
"year": 2024,
"authors": [
"Fanqi Wan",
"Xinting Huang",
"Leyang Cui",
"Xiaojun Quan",
"Wei Bi",
... |
I need to find the article in which the Motivational and Self-Regulated Learning Components of Classroom Academic Performance questionnaire has been evaluated using factor analysis. there is a long and a short version. I need the factor analysis results of the short version | 2025-05-14T05:39:34.447461+00:00 | 5a62deb6d663c6c27f0ff28a8e7269d69aa076bc36256b8c9389baef586177fd | 28 | 1 | true | [
{
"corpus_id": 229483567,
"title": "Academic Achievement and Failure in University Studies: Motivational and Emotional Factors",
"venue": "Sustainability",
"year": 2020,
"authors": [
"Raquel Gilar-Corbí",
"Teresa Pozo-Rico",
"J. Castejón",
"Tarquino Sanchez",
"I. Sa... |
DT service interactions traffic reveals sensitive contextual information such as user identity, behavioural patterns, and proprietary operational data. Encryption alone is insufficient because traffic volume, timing, and directional patterns can be exploited for inference attacks. | 2025-07-17T12:22:28.688698+00:00 | baaf4a0e34f685fea1bf2ccfcbf788a045c66fad1988cae4dad8ca4234011033 | 23 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 30909641,
"title": "Spying on the Smart Home: Privacy Attacks and Defenses on Encrypted IoT Traffic",
"venue": "arXiv.org",
"year": 2017,
"authors": [
"Noah J. Apthorpe",
"D. Reisman",
"S. Sundaresan",
"Arvind Narayanan",
"N. Feamster"
],
"abs... |
Please find some papers that discuss the application of depth cameras in terrain reconstruction, and ultimately obtain papers related to robot walking strategies. Please ensure to include the following key concepts: depth cameras, terrain reconstruction, uneven agricultural terrain, tracked robots.
| 2025-08-24T03:36:33.448641+00:00 | 0127c6f0f3975d66d225725d32cd26d88771ebaa062891a4d8606c919170b499 | 48 | 1 | true | [
{
"corpus_id": 116394149,
"title": "Terrain assessment for precision agriculture using vehicle dynamic modelling",
"venue": "arXiv.org",
"year": 2017,
"authors": [
"G. Reina",
"A. Milella",
"Rocco Galati"
],
"abstract": "Advances in precision agriculture greatly rely on... |
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan dan mengimplementasikan model pembelajaran berbasis proyek yang dapat meningkatkan keterampilan praktis mahasiswa dalam bidang energi hijau, khususnya melalui mata kuliah elektronika industri. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas pendekatan ... | 2025-05-22T18:14:03.857122+00:00 | 74454de4a9ebd038ad8d574c732a7c21f3018fce6c495b7f16d7ec1894b4f367 | 11 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 255721171,
"title": "Problem based learning and design thinking methodologies for teaching renewable energy in engineering programs: Implementation in a Colombian university context",
"venue": "Cogent Engineering",
"year": 2023,
"authors": [
"R. Colmenares-Quintero",
"... |
Select a currently operating company in Nepal and critically assess its strategies at the corporate, business, and functional levels.
Answer the following: (60 marks)
a. What is the company Vision and Mission Statement? Clearly state and explain the company's guiding principles. (5 marks)
b. Conduct an external Env... | 2025-07-02T08:51:19.157477+00:00 | 39231c7bbfeaf839a9740a57f6229c2a360ea4272eeb3b6244a8c43dd53469e7 | 7 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 225667312,
"title": "PROCEDURE FOR FORMING AND IMPLEMENTING THE STRATEGY OF ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT",
"venue": "Three Seas Economic Journal",
"year": 2020,
"authors": [
"K. Malinoshevska"
],
"abstract": "The purpose of the article shows that formulating a strategy is ... |
can you help me find a paper of Greenberg as a first author from about 2008-2014 that support the claim that the ability to be in touch with emotional experiences, to portray them in words and to give them meaning, as a result of treatment, has been found to effectively predict improvement in mental well-being.
| 2025-06-27T21:19:32.967653+00:00 | a5d7388806ed12d80011a6ed557dd975beb26700afc70708c57b2103aae6de7f | 21 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 149489915,
"title": "The PATHS Curriculum: Promoting emotional literacy, prosocial behavior, and caring classrooms",
"venue": "",
"year": 2012,
"authors": [
"M. Greenberg",
"C. Kusché",
"S. Jimerson",
"Amanda B. Nickerson",
"M. Mayer",
"M. Furlo... |
Created by the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC), the IR Framework seeks to improve the quality of information accessible to stakeholders, facilitating more effective and efficient capital allocation. At its essence, IR highlights the interrelation of multiple elements that influence an organization's c... | 2025-05-26T23:15:12.086233+00:00 | ca764179dd672924b67aece207d611a61ca619278857a78fb797288a0921ce9f | 75 | 3 | true | [
{
"corpus_id": 219499566,
"title": "Does Corporate Governance Affect the Quality of Integrated Reporting?",
"venue": "Sustainability",
"year": 2020,
"authors": [
"T. Cooray",
"A. Gunarathne",
"S. Senaratne"
],
"abstract": "This study examines how governance mechanisms a... |
I. Overview.
Keywords. multi-agent system, blackbox jailbreaking
Goal. Jailbreak attack designed to probe whether distributed, parallelized reasoning across a multi-agent system can circumvent standard safety filters, despite no individual agent encountering the full malicious prompt or receiving special context or any... | 2025-07-18T09:24:19.080892+00:00 | 15a7efaf69e66ad88d71dd047bf7619d6944c0962a086f98b531e002b6f5a9a5 | 23 | 1 | true | [
{
"corpus_id": 278602377,
"title": "Security of Internet of Agents: Attacks and Countermeasures",
"venue": "IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society",
"year": 2025,
"authors": [
"Yuntao Wang",
"Yanghe Pan",
"Shaolong Guo",
"Zhou Su"
],
"abstract": "With the rise ... |
Mechanobiology, the study of how mechanical forces influence biological systems, operates across a vast spectrum of timescales, ranging from the ultrafast activation of mechanosensitive ion channels in milliseconds to the gradual stiffening of tissues during fibrosis over decades | 2025-04-28T14:37:03.583509+00:00 | 82e1022f37cb44059c900f6e4eee7d391930f63e4e69c493ff90fe8a727811c4 | 75 | 1 | true | [
{
"corpus_id": 274956297,
"title": "Biophysical assays to test cellular mechanosensing: moving towards high throughput",
"venue": "Biophysical Reviews",
"year": 2024,
"authors": [
"Marta Cubero-Sarabia",
"Anna Maria Kapetanaki",
"M. Vassalli"
],
"abstract": "Mechanosens... |
In Türkiye, the Kurdish language was formally banned until 1991, and to this day, its speakers face marginalization and derision, particularly – but not only, in urbanized, western regions. Despite the fact that Kurds make up roughly 20% of the population, Kurdish remains excluded from the official linguistic and educa... | 2025-06-20T08:49:57.554784+00:00 | d60c617f411cb16da43f9e32fb12cbc48dbe1af3e327e95b605947ecfa8a81ea | 55 | 0 | false | [
{
"corpus_id": 258102306,
"title": "No Justice for Kurds: Turkish Supremacy and Kurdophobia",
"venue": "",
"year": 2022,
"authors": [
"M. Kurt"
],
"abstract": "Abstract:The Kurds, as the world’s largest stateless nation, are subjected to extreme violence, discrimination, hostility,... |
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