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0003082 | The functioning of the nervous system depends upon an immensely complex and precise network of neurons. Cell adhesion is thought to play a critical role in the formation and maintenance of synaptic contacts between neurons . Among different classes of molecules involved in cell adhesion, there is evidence that heparan ... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999997 |
0003113 | Many pathologic stimuli induce the heart to undergo adaptive hypertrophic growth that temporarily augments cardiac function. Although the initial hypertrophic response may be beneficial, sustained hypertrophy often undergoes a transition to heart failure, which is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, a... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999998 |
0003137 | A particular shape and a well-defined polarity are characteristic of many cell types, as illustrated by the extended morphology of differentiated nerve cells or the asymmetric organization of polarized epithelia. The components of the cytoskeleton play an essential role in establishing and maintaining the morphology of... | Other | biomedical | en | 0.999998 |
0004087 | Dynamic regulation of the actin cytoskeleton plays a central role in a variety of cellular events, including adhesion, division, spreading, and motility . Engagement or activation of cell surface growth factors and adhesion receptors influences the assembly and arrangement of F-actin networks . Transmission of extracel... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999996 |
0004096 | Messenger RNA degradation is a mechanism by which eukaryotic cells regulate gene expression and influence cell growth and differentiation . It is dependent upon both cis-elements in the RNA and trans-acting factors. The best-characterized cis-element in mammalian messages is the AU-rich element (ARE) . AREs are present... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999997 |
0004111 | Receptor-mediated endocytosis for recycling receptors is a process in which a ligand binds to its cell surface receptor and is internalized via clathrin-coated vesicle formation . After uncoating, this vesicle acidifies , leading to dissociation of ligand from receptor . Subsequently, the endocytic vesicle undergoes a ... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999998 |
0005018 | The ends of eukaryotic chromosomes (telomeres) consist of simple DNA repeats associated with proteins and play important roles in replication, malignant transformation, and cellular aging . Besides the vital functions telomeres perform in vegetative cells, they have been implicated as key players in the chromosome pair... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999997 |
0005026 | The congression of chromosomes to the metaphase plate and subsequent poleward movement at anaphase are complex processes that occur with remarkable accuracy during cell division. An important organelle in chromosome movement is the kinetochore, a protein complex that associates with centromeric DNA . Through the intera... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999998 |
0005034 | Differentiated oligodendrocytes synthesize large amounts of myelin, a multilamellar membrane that ensheathes and insulates the axons of the central nervous system . The specific molecular organization of myelin is essential for the function of the nervous system, and the disturbance of this architecture leads to severe... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999997 |
0006005 | A significant component of eukaryotic cellular protein degradation occurs at the ER. ER-associated degradation (ERAD) is widely employed in cellular quality control, resulting in the destruction of numerous misfolded or mutant proteins present in the lumen or at the surface of the organelle . ERAD continuously occurs i... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999997 |
0006072 | It is generally believed that proteins are transported through a protein-conducting channel of the ER membrane in an unfolded conformation. In cotranslational translocation, an unfolded state is maintained simply by the fact that the nascent polypeptide chain is transported while being synthesized on a ribosome that is... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999996 |
0006125 | Mammalian cells internalize a large quantity of plasma membrane-associated and soluble molecules, and sort these molecules into recycling or lysosomal pathways. A great deal of this sorting occurs in early sorting endosomes, which segregate most of the membrane lipids and proteins, and a small fraction of the soluble c... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999997 |
0006158 | Agrin is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan that was purified from basal lamina (BL) based upon its ability to induce clustering of acetylcholine receptors on cultured myotubes . It has since been shown to be a critical motoneuron-derived organizer of synaptic differentiation at the neuromuscular junction in vivo . However... | Review | biomedical | en | 0.999998 |
10036122 | Changes induced by the currently used raw gas during insufflation to create a pneumoperitoneum induces laparoscopic hypothermia, causes postoperative pain and results in prolonged recovery room stay. 1 – 7 Because the gas must be bone dry, there is a stark difference between the characteristics of this regulated raw ga... | Review | biomedical | en | 0.999997 |
10036123 | The incidence of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus is rising at an alarming rate. 1 The prognosis is poor, with a five year survival of 5-10%. Randomized studies indicate that multimodality regimens have not been uniformly successful in improving survival compared to surgery alone. 2 One problem in the design of these tr... | Review | biomedical | en | 0.999997 |
10036124 | Double gallbladder is a rare anomaly of the biliary tract, occurring in about 1 per 3800 cases at autopsy. 1 Two cases of double gallbladders managed laparoscopically have been reported previously. 2 , 3 We report herein another patient in whom laparoscopic cholecystectomy was attempted. The case represents a very rare... | Clinical case | biomedical | en | 0.999998 |
10036125 | In the 1960s, physicians of the Internal Clinic at the University of Erlangen, Germany, successfully performed endoscopic duodenoscopy, one of the earliest reports of that procedure. The first endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreaticography (ERCP) followed in 1970. 1 In 1973, two Erlangen internists, Classen and Deml... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999997 |
10037783 | Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), were prepared from day 13.5 embryos derived from wild-type (wt) and mTER −/− mice from different generations. The details are explained elsewhere . The first culture directly obtained from embryos was considered as population doubling 2 (PD 2). Serial cultures were done according to ... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999996 |
10037784 | Part of a Xenopus ADAR1 cDNA was isolated from an expression screen of a lambda Zap cDNA library for RNA-binding proteins . Sequence analysis identified this cDNA as a homologue of human ADAR1 from which the 5′ end was missing. Rescreening of a cDNA library and 5′ RACE protocols resulted in the isolation of two variant... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999998 |
10037785 | Two strains of normal human diploid myoblasts, both of satellite cell origin, were used in these studies. The strain designated 077 was a gift from R. Brown (Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA) and was derived from skeletal muscle tissue from a 43-yr-old female with no known muscle pathologies. Myoblast st... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999997 |
10037786 | Satellite cell–derived primary myoblasts were isolated from adult lower hindlimb muscle from 2–3-mo-old mice as described previously , with the exception that hepatocyte growth factor (10 ng/ml; R&D Systems Inc.) and heparin (5 ng/ml; Sigma Chemical Co. ) were included in the growth medium for the first 48 h after the ... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999995 |
10037787 | mAbs were obtained essentially according to the procedure of Köhler and Milstein . 50 μg of denatured recombinant human Ran was initially intraperitoneally administered with Freund's complete adjuvant to a 16-wk-old BDF1 mouse (Japan SLC), followed by three subsequent injections at 3-wk intervals with the same dose in ... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999998 |
10037788 | HeLa cells (human cervical epitheloid carcinoma) were grown as described earlier . TC7 cells (African green monkey kidney) and the TC7 clone TC7/MAP4/MTB–GFP stably transfected with a cDNA encoding the MT-binding domain of the MT-associated protein 4 (MAP4) linked to enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) were kindl... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999996 |
10037789 | N -(4,4-difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza- s -indacene-3-pentanoyl)- d - erythro -sphingosine (C 5 -DMB-Cer) and 6-[ N -(7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]caproyl- d - erythro- sphingosine (C 6 -NBD-Cer) were purchased from Molecular Probes. Brefeldin A, fatty acid–free BSA, and endoglycosidase H (Endo H)... | Other | biomedical | en | 0.714285 |
10037790 | Monoclonal antibody against rat GP2 has been described previously and was a gift from Dr. Anson Lowe (Stanford University). Monoclonal antibody KT3 against SV-40 large T antigen was a gift from Dr. Gernot Walter (University of California, San Diego, CA). Polyclonal antibody against the cytoplasmic domain of cadherin ha... | Other | biomedical | en | 0.999994 |
10037791 | The mouse anti–rat cytochrome c mAbs used in this study have been described . They were purified from ascites by affinity chromatography using rabbit cytochrome c–coupled Sepharose beads as in Urbanski and Margoliash . Cytochrome c ( Sigma Chemical Co. ) was coupled to cyanogen bromide–activated Sepharose 4B ( Sigma Ch... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999998 |
10037792 | Yeast strains used in this study are listed in Table I . Culture and genetic analysis of yeast were performed by standard procedures . Semisynthetic lactate medium was prepared as described . Plasmid DNA was prepared from Escherichia coli strain DH5α. The mdm17 mutant was isolated in a screen for novel alleles of anoth... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999996 |
10037793 | HB: 50 mM K-Hepes, pH 7.6, 1 mM MgCl 2 , 1 mM EGTA, 1 mM β-mercaptoethanol (β-ME) and protease inhibitor stock (1:200 final dilution; see below). HB100: HB plus 100 mM NaCl; HB200: HB plus 200 mM NaCl; and HB500: HB plus 500 mM NaCl. EB200: HB200 plus 100 μM GTP and 1 mg/ml DrosC17 peptide; EB500: HB500 plus 100 μM GTP... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999995 |
10037794 | SV-40 transformed rat embryo cells (REF-2A) were maintained in DME containing 10% newborn calf serum in an atmosphere of 5% CO 2 and 95% air at 37°C. CHO cells were maintained in F12 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. REF-2A cells at mitotic and later stages of cell division were prepared as described previously... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999995 |
10037795 | U46619 was from Cayman Chemical, thrombin, histone (subgroup f2b), monoclonal anti-myosin light chain (MLC) antibody, and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-phalloidin were from Sigma . Sp-5,6-DCl-cBIMPS and 8-pCPT-cGMP were from Biolog. Y-27632 was kindly provided by Yoshitomi Pharmaceutical Industries, Clostridium bot... | Other | biomedical | en | 0.999997 |
10037796 | HEK-293 cells (ATCC TIB202) were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection, and CCR5-transfected HEK-293 cells were kindly donated by Dr. J. Gutierrez (Dept. of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Madrid, Spain). Antibodies used include rabbit anti-JAK1 and anti-JAK2 (Upstate Biotechnolo... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999995 |
10037797 | Human recombinant IL-2, kindly provided by Dr. D. Bron (Institut Bordet, Brussels, Belgium), was used at 20 U/ml; IL-15 was obtained from Immunex and used at 200 ng/ml. Endotoxin-free affinity-purified sCD23 was prepared in our laboratory from CSN of CHO cell line transfected with human cDNA encoding for aa 148–321 of ... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999997 |
10037798 | DT40 cells deficient in Syk and those reconstituted with Syk have been previously established . Human M21 melanoma cells and established lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL) (JY) and lymphoid tumor cells , with adhesion and integrin expression as published were obtained from J. Wilkins (University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Cana... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999997 |
10037799 | Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were kindly donated by Dr. Sue Adams (Molecular Parasitology Group, University of Oxford) and used at the third passage. mAbs to human CD31 (JC70), CD34 (QBEND 10), and von Willebrand factor (vWF, F8/86) were kindly donated by Dr. David Mason (Department of Cellular Scienc... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999997 |
10049938 | Studies using adoptively transferred purified T cell subsets or in vivo depletion studies have firmly established an important role for tumor-specific CD8 + CTLs in antitumor immunity (for a review, see reference 6 ). By comparing the relative contribution of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells to the overall immune response, it w... | Review | biomedical | en | 0.999996 |
10049939 | T cell, B cell, and melanoma cell lines were initiated from specimens derived from patient 1558, a 48-yr-old Caucasian male who had a primary cutaneous melanoma lesion resected from the right shoulder 13 yr before the development of metastatic disease in multiple organ systems. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999997 |
10049940 | The EBV-transformed B (EBV-B) cell lines and tumor cell line MZ2-MEL.43 were cultured in IMDM ( GIBCO BRL ) supplemented with 10% FCS ( GIBCO BRL ), 0.24 mM l -asparagine, 0.55 mM l -arginine, 1.5 mM l -glutamine (AAG), 100 U/ml penicillin, and 100 μg/ml streptomycin. The PhoenixAMPHO cell line (provided by Dr. Nolan, ... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999997 |
10049941 | C57BL/6 mice were purchased from IFFA Credo. Mice homozygous for lpr mutation ( lpr ) and lacking the Fas (CD95) molecule were obtained from Harlan. Mice homozygous for perforin gene disruption (P 0/0 ) completely lack perforin- dependent cytotoxicity, while the Fas/FasL pathway remains fully functional ( 17 , 18 ). Mi... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999997 |
10049942 | The expression cDNA library was prepared in VR1012 plasmid (Vical Inc.) using RNA extracted from IL-2–activated polyclonal NK cells as described ( 7 , 8 ), and was divided into 10 fractions of ∼10 5 clones each. The library screening procedure was performed as described ( 7 , 9 ). Briefly, cDNA library was transiently ... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999996 |
10049943 | BALB/cJ and C57BL/6 mice were obtained from The Jackson Laboratory . Antibodies to CRT and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) were purchased from Affinity BioReagents , and antibodies to gp96 were obtained from NeoMarkers. A rabbit serum to a synthetic peptide derived from the sequence of human Erp57 was a gift from Pet... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999997 |
10049944 | BALB/c mice were purchased from Bomholtgaard Breeding & Research Centre, Denmark. IL-4-deficient mice (IL-4 −/− ) were generated by targeted disruption of the IL-4 gene in embryonic stem cells derived from BALB/c mice ( 26 ) and produced in a manner such that they can be considered IL-4–congenic to BALB/c. The deficien... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999998 |
10049945 | BALB/cByJ, CByD2F1, C3H/J, and C57BL/6j mice were purchased from The Jackson Laboratory . Nude mice (nu/nu) were obtained from The National Cancer Institute. 6–18-wk-old male mice were used for the experiments. Plasmacytoma J558 was cultured in RPMI 1640 containing 5% FCS. J558 cells transfected with either pSRα (J558-... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999994 |
10049946 | To generate immature DCs, peripheral blood monocytes purified by centrifugal elutriation were cultured in RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10% FCS (Hyclone), 50 ng/ml GM-CSF, and 1,000 U/ml IL-4 for 6–7 d, as previously reported ( 3 , 4 ). Immature DCs were challenged with LPS (1 μg/ml, from Salmonella abortus equi ; Sigma ... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999997 |
10049947 | For the production of isoform-specific polyclonal antisera directed against Nramp2, rabbits were immunized with fusion proteins containing glutathione S-transferase (GST) fused to a peptide segment derived from the amino terminal region of Nramp2 (residues 1–71; for amino acid numbering see reference 10 ). This peptide... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999997 |
10049948 | Human recombinant IL-1β, TNFα, and IFNγ were obtained from Endogen . Phorbol-12 myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and polymyxin B were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. Human recombinant CD40L (rCD40L) was generated as described previously ( 44 ) and the mouse anti–human stromelysin-3 antibody 5ST-4A9 was produced in a progra... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999996 |
10049949 | The protein G–Sepharose column–purified antibodies anti–λ1 L chain (Ls136) and FDC-M2 were provided by Garnett Kelsoe (Duke University, Durham, NC) and Marie Kosco-Vilbois (Serono Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Geneva, Switzerland), respectively. Both were conjugated using a biotin coupling reagent ( Boehringer Man... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999996 |
10049950 | Ag-specific CD4 + human T cell lines were isolated as described ( 13 ). PBMCs were separated into CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, CD19 + B lymphocytes, and CD14 + monocytes using immunomagnetic beads ( Dynal ). The purity of the isolated subsets was >98% as determined by flow cytometry for relevant and irrelevant subset ... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999997 |
10049951 | TEPITOPE, a new T cell epitope prediction software, is a Windows™ application that enables the identification of (a) class II ligands binding in a promiscuous or allele-specific mode, and (b) the effects of polymorphic residues on class II ligand specificity (21, and our manuscript in preparation). 25 quantitative matr... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999996 |
10049952 | The mouse mAbs used in these studies were as follows: OX6 (anti–rat class II MHC; reference 15 ), OX7 (anti–rat Thy-1; reference 16 ), OX8 (anti–rat CD8; reference 17 ), and OX12 (anti–rat κ chain; reference 18 ). 3–12-wk-old female PVG and PVG.RT1 u rats, which differ only in their MHC haplotype, were obtained from th... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999998 |
10051512 | Before discussing the number of channels responsible for generating a Ca 2+ spark, it is important to first consider what information the spark provides concerning the underlying time course of SR Ca 2+ release. The signal actually monitored in studies of Ca 2+ sparks is the change in fluorescence of a calcium indicato... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999998 |
10051514 | Measured spark amplitude varies widely from the lower limits of detection (defined by noise, usually ∼0.3 U F 0 ) to the highest values recorded, which in our experience with cut fiber segments under voltage clamp go routinely beyond 6 F 0 for a few sparks in every experiment. Current work with cardiac myocytes and smo... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999997 |
10051516 | Voltage-dependent ion channels respond to changes in the electric field across the cell membrane by undergoing conformational changes that open and close an ion-permeable pore. The voltage dependence of channel opening, or activation, is caused by rearrangement of charges within the channel protein associated with conf... | Other | biomedical | en | 0.999997 |
10051517 | With the determination of the high-resolution structure of the KcsA K + channel from Streptomyces lividans , structure–function studies of ion channel proteins can henceforth include structure. This advance has revealed in unprecedented detail the molecular makeup of a K + -selective permeation pathway. Moreover, homol... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999996 |
10051518 | Large conductance Ca 2+ -activated K + channels (BK channels) 1 play an important role in regulating the excitability of nerve, muscle, and other cells by stabilizing the cell membrane at negative potentials . BK channels are activated by both intracellular calcium (Ca 2+ i ) and membrane depolarization, and hence can ... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999998 |
10051519 | Maintenance and regulation of cell volume are fundamental physiological processes. In response to swelling, cells activate anion and cation channels that allow the passive loss of inorganic ions and organic solutes. Net solute and osmotically obliged water efflux functions to return cell volume towards its original val... | Other | biomedical | en | 0.999994 |
10051520 | ClC proteins represent a class of voltage-dependent Cl − channels with several members involved in hereditary human diseases. The Cl − channel prototype ClC-0 from Torpedo is a dimeric protein behaving as if comprising two protopores that can gate independently from each other and a common gate that acts on both protop... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999997 |
10051521 | The intracellular signal that triggers the contraction of cardiac muscle is a transient rise in intracellular free calcium. The majority of this calcium (50–95%, depending upon species and conditions) is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). 1 This calcium is released by a process of calcium-induced calcium re... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999996 |
10051522 | The visual cycle is the series of reactions occurring in the eye through which visual pigment proceeds from photoactivation to regeneration. Absorption of a photon by the pigment of a photoreceptor triggers within milliseconds a series of reactions leading to a cell response. This sequence of reactions, collectively te... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999998 |
10063307 | Although the development mechanism of chronic viral hepatitis B(CVH-B), which is the most important etiologic factor in liver cirrhosis(LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Korea, has not been fully understood until now, immune mechanism of the host(especially cellular immunity) seems to play a major role in this ... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999997 |
10063308 | Helicobacter pylori infection is now recognized as the major cause of chronic gastritis throughout the world 1 – 3 ) . A fraction of infected persons developed peptic ulcer disease 4 ) or gastric cancer 2 , 5 , 6 ) , accounting for its clinical significance. The pathophysiology of this infection can be better understoo... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999997 |
10063309 | Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is now recognized as the cause of type B gastritis, as a critical factor in the development and the recurrence of duodenal ulcer disease, and as an essential co-factor in the development of gastric carcinoma and gastric MALT-lymphoma 1 – 5 ) . Although estimation of the lifetim... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999995 |
10063310 | Nitric oxide (NO), produced by the conversion of the terminal guanidino nitrogen atoms from L-arginine, accounts for many of the biological properties of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) 1 ) . NO synthesis is catalyzed by three distinct forms of nitric oxide synthases (NOS), i.e., brain (bNOS), inducible (iNO... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999997 |
10063311 | Although the prevalence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis is decreasing due to the National Tuberculosis Control Programme, drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis has been a longstanding public health problem in Korea. 1 ) The major concerns over drug resistance were a fear of spread of drug-resistant organisms and the ine... | Review | biomedical | en | 0.999995 |
10063312 | Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease 1 ) . In addition, the development of diabetic nephropathy has a dramatic impact on the morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients 2 , 3 ) . The early stages of both clinical and experimental diabetes mellitus are characterized by abnormal glomerula... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999994 |
10063313 | Cisplatin is one of the most active anticancer agents for the treatment of lung cancer and the cisplatin-based chemotherapeutic regimens have produced a statistically significant and clinically relevant improvement in survival. The long-term survival is directly linked to the degree of clinical response to chemotherapy... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999998 |
10063314 | It is clear that in human cancer, including lung cancer, deregulation of cell cycle progression is a hallmark of neoplastic transformation and that genes involved in G1/S transition of the cell cycle are especially frequent targets for mutations. A cell-cycle related protein, the recently identified p16 INK4A gene prod... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999996 |
10063315 | Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by hyperplasia of synovial lining cells, excessive infiltration of mononuclear cells and extensive destruction of the articular cartilage 1 ) , and this abnormal proliferation of synovial cells is an important event in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid arthrit... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999997 |
10063316 | Behcet disease is characterized by recurrent painful oral ulcer and genital ulcer, skin diseases and uveitis. It may involve cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and central nervous system, as well as joints. The etiology is unknown and its pathophysiology is incompletely understood. The diagnosis of Behcet disease primari... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999995 |
10063317 | Pylephlebitis is defined as septic thrombophlebitis of the portal vein or one of its tributaries, usually secondary to suppuration either in the region drained by the portal venous system or in structures contiguous to the portal vein (e.g., the common bile duct) 1 ) . Pylephlebitis, that previously well-characterized ... | Clinical case | biomedical | en | 0.999997 |
10063318 | Diabetic patients, who consume Vacor (N-3-pyridylmethyl-N’-p-nitrophenylurea, MW272), experience microangiopathy causing retinopathy and nephropathy 1 ) . The width of the capillary basement membrane in these patients thickens significantly compared to normal controls after 6 years of Vacor ingestion, on average. A num... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999997 |
10063319 | Low-dose Methotrexate (MTX) (5.0–20.0 mg/week), initially widely used to treat severe psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, is one of the effective therapies for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 1 ) . Its tolerability, prompt clinical response and relatively lack of serious side effects have all contributed to its widespread use... | Review | biomedical | en | 0.999997 |
10063320 | Leiomyosarcomas are uncommon malignant tumors that originate in smooth muscle, usually in the gastrointestinal tract, the retroperitoneum and the genitourinary tract 1 ) . Metastatic tumors in the omentum are not uncommon, but primary omental tumors are reported to be rare and usually malignant 2 , 3 ) . There were a f... | Other | biomedical | en | 0.999997 |
10063321 | Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients, particularly recipients of solid organ or bone marrow allograft, and patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome 1 ) . Although CMV pneumonia is well recognized as the commonest infectious cause of death i... | Review | biomedical | en | 0.999997 |
10063322 | Juvenile dermatomyositis (DM) is a multisystem disease characterized by nonsuppurative inflammation of striated muscle, skin and the gastrointestinal tract, and also characterized early in its course by an immune complex vasculitis and, later, the development of calcinosis 1 ) . Although the etiology of juvenile DM rem... | Clinical case | biomedical | en | 0.999996 |
10075972 | B6, transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP)1 −/− ( 29 ), β 2 m −/− ( 30 , 31 ), and TAP1/β 2 m −/− ( 32 ) mice of the H-2 b haplotype were bred at the Microbiology and Tumor Biology Center, Karolinska Institute. Animal care was in accordance with institutional guidelines. TAP1 −/− , β 2 m −/− , and TAP1/β ... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999997 |
10075973 | The human melanoma cell lines NA8-MEL (provided by Dr. F. Jotereau, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Nantes, France) and SK23-MEL were cultured in RPMI medium ( GIBCO BRL ) supplemented with 10% FCS, antibiotics, and 20 mM NaHepes (pH 7.3). The CTL line LAU 198 NS (normal stimulation) specific... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999997 |
10075974 | TAQ polymerase was from Boehringer-Mannheim , radiolabeled γ-[ 32 P]ATP was from New England Nuclear , PMA, dimethylacetamide, DMSO, and polymyxin B sulfate were from Sigma Chemical Co. , human recombinant TNF-α was provided by Genentech , and neutralizing polyclonal rabbit anti–human TNF-α was from Genzyme Corp. LPS f... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999997 |
10075975 | Female C57BL/6 mice 6–8 wk of age were purchased from Harlan Sprague Dawley, Inc. Female C57BL/6 (nu/nu) mice were purchased from Taconic Farms, Inc. IL-4 and IL-10 gene–disrupted C57BL/6 mice were purchased from The Jackson Laboratory . The mice were maintained in accordance with the guidelines of the Committee on Ani... | Other | biomedical | en | 0.999996 |
10075976 | This study was performed in accordance with the National Institute of Health guidelines for the use of experimental animals, and all animal protocols have been approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of Thomas Jefferson University. Wild-type (C57BL/6) mice and P-selectin–deficient (C57BL/ 6J... | Other | biomedical | en | 0.999997 |
10075977 | KD-IX-73-4 (HO-NH-CO-CH 2 -CH(CH 2 -CH(CH 3 ) 2 )-CO-Nal-Ala-NH 2 ) was a gift from Dr. T.K. Kishimoto ( Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT). 0.5 mg of the protease inhibitor KD-IX-73-4 was solubilized in 50 μl DMSO and diluted with saline to a final concentration of 1 mg/ml. 150 μg of KD-IX-73-... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999996 |
10075978 | Male Balb/cByJ mice at 8–14 wk of age were obtained from The Jackson Laboratory . Mice were housed at least 1 wk before experimentation. Mice were cared for and handled at all times in accordance with the National Institutes of Health and our institutional guidelines. Splenic B cells from 8–12-wk-old naive Balb/cByJ mi... | Other | biomedical | en | 0.999997 |
10075979 | p53 gene–deficient, Bcl-2 transgenic (Tg), DO.11.10 OVA TCR-α/β Tg, and P14 TCR-α/β Tg mice have been described previously ( 30 – 33 ). BALB/c mice were purchased from Taconic Farms. All mice were kept at the Animal Facility of the Ontario Cancer Institute in accordance with institutional guidelines. Freshly isolated t... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999998 |
10075980 | SJL/J and C57BL/6 mice were obtained from the National Cancer Institute. Breeding pairs of C57BL/6 IL-12 −/− (N6) and C57BL/6 IFN-γ −/− were originally provided by J. Magram (Hoffman-La Roche, Nutley, NJ) and D. Dalton and T. Stewart (Genetech Inc., South San Francisco, CA), respectively. B10.S mice were obtained from ... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999996 |
10075981 | Type I collagen solution extracted from porcine skin (Cellmatrix I-A) was purchased from Nitta Gelatin Co. EC growth supplement (ECGS) and porcine heparin were purchased from Collaborative Research and Nakarai Chemical Co., respectively. Recombinant human IFN-γ was provided by Shionogi Pharmaceutical Co. Monocyte chemo... | Other | biomedical | en | 0.999997 |
10075982 | Seven SIV-infected and one uninfected rhesus macaque ( Macaca mulatta ) were used (see Table I ). Six infected and one uninfected animal were given OKT8F (gift from R. Knowles, R.W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Raritan, NJ). One other infected macaque received an isotype-matched (IgG2a) control antibody, ... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999999 |
10075983 | Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from RelA-deficient mice ( 9 ) were cultivated in DMEM supplemented with 10% calf serum and antibiotics. MEFs were stimulated in the presence of 10 ng/ml of TNF-α ( Genzyme ), 10 ng/ml of IFN-γ ( Genzyme ), or 10 μg/ml of LPS ( Sigma ) for the time periods indicated in the fig... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999999 |
10075984 | SJL/J and CSJLF1/J mice were obtained from The Jackson Laboratory . BALB/cAnN mice were obtained from Taconic Farms, Inc. hIL-10Tg mice were constructed using a hIL-10 cDNA sequence regulated by a class II MHC Eα promoter sequence ( 13 ). For this study, male hemizygous BALB/c IL-10Tg mice were backcrossed with female ... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999997 |
10075985 | Homozygous CD7-deficient mice ( 12 ) were backcrossed five generations onto the C57BL/6 background. C57BL/6 mice were obtained from The Jackson Laboratory . 10–12-wk-old sex-matched mice were studied. Phenol extracted LPS from Escherichia coli ( Sigma Chemical Co. ) was administered intraperitoneally at 100 mg/kg for t... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999997 |
10085282 | Both groups found that bni1 mutants had defects in spindle positioning, using different approaches. The nucleus did not migrate to the neck efficiently, and the spindle was not aligned along the mother-bud axis, based in part on movies of live cells . The spindle then moved into the neck . These phenotypes are similar ... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999997 |
10085283 | Indian muntjac (DM) cells were grown in DME + 10% FCS ( GIBCO BRL ) and plated on glass-bottom microwell dishes coated with poly- d -lysine (Mattek). Cells were bead loaded using 100-μm glass beads ( Sigma Chemical Co. ) as described by McNeil with 10 μl 0.1 mM Cy5-10-dUTP (made as described below), fluorescein-12-dUTP... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999998 |
10085284 | The rabbit polyclonal antiserum against the COOH-terminal peptide of p27 BBP/eIF6 (NH 2 -CTIATSMRDSLIDSLT-COOH) was tested for its specificity by Western blotting and immunoprecipitation both on the recombinant protein and on cellular lysates . Integrin β4 was detected with the rat mAb3E1 (10 μg/ml; Chemicon Internatio... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999995 |
10085285 | The yeast strains Saccharomyces uvarum , considered a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae , or S . cerevisiae were used throughout the procedure. Enriched nuclei, NEs and heparin-extracted NEs were prepared as previously described . Enriched NPCs were prepared from nuclei (fraction 7) exactly as described in Rout and Bl... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999997 |
10085286 | The plasmid pNTK (containing the PGK neomycin cassette and PGK thymidine kinase) was used to generate the knockout vector. The calreticulin promoter was cloned previously from a mouse liver genomic library and digested by SalI and HindIII restriction endonucleases. Afterwards, the 1.5-kb fragment was blunt ended and li... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999994 |
10085287 | NRK cells were maintained in DME containing 5 g glucose per liter, 10% FCS, and antibiotics in a humidified 5% CO 2 incubator. For transfection with ts-G-GFP all of the following occurred: one barely confluent 10-cm dish of NRK cells, ∼10 7 cells, was removed from the plate with trypsin-EDTA, washed once with PBS, resu... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999997 |
10085288 | Sympathetic neurons from newborn rat cervical superior ganglia were cultured as previously described . For electron microscopy studies, neurons were fixed with 1% glutaraldehyde in PBS for 48 h at 4°C and washed in PBS before pre-embedding. Sympathetic neurons (2 × 10 5 in 3.5-cm-diam Petri dish) were harvested in 100 ... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999997 |
10085289 | Rabbit pAbs were raised against amino acids 1–21 of human Bax , amino acids 11–30 of human Bax (Bax N-20 sc-493; Santa Cruz Biotechnology ), amino acids 43–61 of murine Bax . Note that the antibodies raised against human Bax also recognize murine Bax. A mouse mAb raised against amino acids 3–16 of human Bax was also us... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999996 |
10085290 | The human Jurkat T-leukemic cell line was grown in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 2 mM l -glutamine ( GIBCO BRL ). The human CEM-C7A T-leukemic cell line was grown in Optimem 1 medium ( GIBCO BRL ) supplemented with 5% FBS as were the CEM-C7A cells stably transfected with Bcl-2 (CEM-Bcl-2... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999998 |
10085291 | 697 human lymphoblastoid cells stably infected with a retroviral expression construct containing bcl-2 cDNA or a control neomycin resistance gene were used in these studies. The cells were maintained in mid-log phase growth in RPMI 1640 medium (Irvine Scientific) supplemented with 10% FBS (Hyclone), 0.2 mg/ml G-418 ( G... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999997 |
10085292 | Basic methods of C . elegans culture and handling were as previously described . Strains carrying the following mutations were used: unc-32(e189) , qC1 dpy-19 glp-1(q339) , him-3 , zyg-8(b235) , zyg-11(b2) , cyk-1 (or36) , mel-27 and mel-28 (Ahringer, J., personal communication), let-733 , let-748 and let-771 , emb-30(... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999997 |
10085293 | Media and genetic techniques were as described . The mating pheromone, α-factor, was added to log phase cultures at 6 μg/ml. Latrunculin-A (Lat-A) (from P. Crews, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA) was added to cultures at 400 mM. Benomyl sensitivity (a gift from E.I. du Pont de Nemours, Wilmington, DE) was test... | Study | biomedical | en | 0.999996 |