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Source: Forest area. Region: Kenya. Rendered as a scatter chart.
Years 1995 through 2024. Y axis in hectares, displayed 0 to 4188747.6.
Plotted values:
1995: 3778405
1996: 3785966
1997: 3793527
1998: 3801088
1999: 3808649
2000: 3816210
2001: 3822436
2002: 3828662
2003: 3834888
2004: 3841114
2005:... | Higher in 2004. The chart gives 3,841,114 ha for 2004 and 3,549,944 ha for 2019, a difference of 291,170 ha. | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification:
* **2004 Forest Area:** 3,841,114 hectares
* **2019 Forest Area:** 3,549,944 hectares
**Finding:**
The forest area in Kenya was **higher in 2004**.
**Analysis of Chart Mechanism:**
The specification describes the data as being "Rendered as a scatter char... | faithful | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | two_point_comparison | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2025) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/forest-area-km?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Chart: Tuberculosis death rate — Vietnam
Type: line
X axis: Year, 2000 to 2024
Y axis: deaths per 100,000 people, displayed range 11.3 to 47.7. It does not start at zero.
Plotted values:
2000: 47
2001: 44
2002: 39
2003: 39
2004: 35
2005: 36
2006: 34
2007: 30
2008: 27
2009: 30
2010: 28
2011: 26
... | Lie Factor 1.39, mild. The truncated axis makes the change look about 1.4x larger than it is. The underlying change is real but modest; the steepness is a property of the axis, not the data. | null | **Lie Factor: 1.32**
**Mechanism:** Truncated Y-axis (non-zero baseline).
**Analysis:**
To determine the Lie Factor, we compare the percentage change in the actual data to the percentage change represented visually by the chart's geometry.
1. **Size of Effect in Data:**
* Start Value (2000): 47
* End Value (20... | truncated_y_axis | severity | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | lie_factor | WHO (2025); Population based on various sources (2024) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/tuberculosis-death-rate?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Source: Tuberculosis death rate. Region: Bangladesh. Rendered as a line chart.
Years 2000 through 2024. Y axis in deaths per 100,000 people, displayed 0 to 77.76.
Plotted values:
2000: 71
2001: 72
2002: 70
2003: 69
2004: 66
2005: 60
2006: 54
2007: 54
2008: 53
2009: 51
2010: 53
2011: 54
2012: ... | The chart shows that the change happened: estimated mortality from all forms of tuberculosis per 100,000 population moves to 60 deaths per 100,000 people in 2005. It does not carry any information about why. This is a single measured series with no covariates, policy dates, or events attached, so any cause I named woul... | null | The specification cannot answer what caused the change in estimated mortality, as it contains only numerical data points and rendering parameters without any contextual variables, policy dates, or events. Any named cause would be supplied from outside the chart rather than read from it.
Instead, the specification sup... | faithful | unanswerable | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | causal_attribution | WHO (2025); Population based on various sources (2024) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/tuberculosis-death-rate?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Chart: Share of population living in urban areas projected to 2050 — Turkey
Type: bar
X axis: Year, 1990 to 2024
Y axis: %, displayed range 46.4338 to 93.9419. It does not start at zero.
Plotted values:
1990: 51.0314
1991: 51.9491
1992: 52.793
1993: 53.5828
1994: 54.3348
1995: 55.0652
1996: 55.7904
199... | Higher in 2018. The chart gives 51.03 % for 1990 and 88.17 % for 2018, a difference of 37.13 %. | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification:
* **1990:** 51.0314%
* **2018:** 88.1656%
**Finding:**
The share of the population living in urban areas in Turkey was **higher in 2018**.
**Analysis of Chart Mechanism:**
The values show a clear increase from 51.03% to 88.17%. The chart specification no... | truncated_axis_honest | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | two_point_comparison | HYDE (2023); United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2025) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/urban-population-share-2050?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Human Development Index in France, plotted as a line chart over 1990-2023.
Vertical scale: Human Development Index, running 0.6934 to 1.0246. It does not start at zero.
Plotted values:
1990: 0.798
1991: 0.807
1992: 0.814
1993: 0.818
1994: 0.832
1995: 0.837
1996: 0.842
1997: 0.847
1998: 0.851
1999: ... | Lie Factor 3.00, moderate. The truncated axis makes the change look about 3.0x larger than it is. The underlying change is real but modest; the steepness is a property of the axis, not the data. | null | To determine Tufte's Lie Factor, we compare the percentage change in the data to the percentage change in the visual representation.
**1. Size of Effect in the Data**
* **Start Value (1990):** 0.798
* **End Value (2023):** 0.920
* **Absolute Change:** 0.920 - 0.798 = 0.122
* **Actual Percentage Change:** 0.122... | truncated_y_axis | severity | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | lie_factor | UNDP, Human Development Report (2025) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/human-development-index?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Chart: Energy use per person — Egypt
Type: line
X axis: Year, 1990 to 2024
Y axis: kilowatt-hours per person, displayed range 6120.1686 to 11044.32. It does not start at zero. The axis is inverted, so larger values appear lower.
Plotted values:
1990: 6701.1313
1991: 6604.019
1992: 6386.172
1993: 6245.07
1994... | Lie Factor -1.0, severe. The magnitude of the change is preserved but its direction is reversed by the inverted axis: the data rises while the chart falls. Any reader trusting the visual gets the sign wrong. | null | **Data Analysis**
* **Start Value (1990):** 6,701.13 kWh/person
* **End Value (2024):** 9,660.86 kWh/person
* **Actual Change:** The data shows a substantial increase of 2,959.73 kWh/person, representing a **+44.2%** rise over the period. (It also peaked at 10,518.4 in 2012, a 57.0% increase from 1990).
**Chart ... | inverted_y_axis | severity | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | lie_factor | U.S. Energy Information Administration (2026); Energy Institute - Statistical Review of World Energy (2025); Population based on various sources (2024) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/per-capita-energy-use?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Electricity demand in India, plotted as an area chart over 2000-2024.
Vertical scale: terawatt-hours, running 397.3064 to 2209.6036. It does not start at zero.
Plotted values:
2000: 572.69
2001: 587.38
2002: 610.99
2003: 639.82
2004: 700.02
2005: 706.07
2006: 747.17
2007: 801.2
2008: 834.25
2009: 8... | Reading the plotted point for 2010, electricity demand in India was 941.94 TWh. | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification, the electricity demand in India in 2010 was **941.94 terawatt-hours**.
**Analysis of the Chart Mechanism:**
The specification notes that the vertical scale runs from 397.3064 to 2209.6036 and **does not start at zero**.
* **Mechanism:** This is a **truncated... | truncated_axis_honest | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | value_lookup | Ember (2026) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/electricity-demand?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
A bar chart titled "Maternal mortality ratio" showing Portugal.
It covers 2000 to 2023. The vertical axis is measured in Deaths per 100 000 live births and is drawn from 0 to 20.271.
Plotted values:
2000: 9.4159
2001: 9.197
2002: 8.7389
2003: 8.4603
2004: 8.037
2005: 8.3017
2006: 7.9236
2007: 8.4704
... | Reading the plotted point for 2022, maternal mortality ratio (per 100 000 live births) in Portugal was 16.19 Deaths per 100 000 live births. | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification:
The maternal mortality ratio in Portugal in 2022 was **16.1947** deaths per 100,000 live births.
**Analysis of the Chart Specification:**
* **Data Verification:** The list explicitly states `2022: 16.1947`.
* **Visual Mechanism Check:** The vertical axis ... | faithful | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | value_lookup | World Health Organization - Global Health Observatory (2026) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/maternal-mortality-ratio-who-gho?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
A line chart titled "Share of electricity production from renewables" showing United Kingdom.
It covers 1995 to 2024. The vertical axis is measured in % and is drawn from 0 to 54.6993.
Plotted values:
1995: 1.9797
1996: 1.6217
1997: 2.0475
1998: 2.3848
1999: 2.6131
2000: 2.6282
2001: 2.4794
2002: 2.871... | Reading the plotted point for 2004, renewables in United Kingdom was 3.59 %. | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification:
The share of electricity production from renewables in the United Kingdom in **2004** was **3.5896%**.
**Analysis of Chart Mechanics:**
The question asks for the value in 2004. The provided data list explicitly states `2004: 3.5896`. There is no indication in... | faithful | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | value_lookup | Ember (2026); Energy Institute - Statistical Review of World Energy (2025) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-electricity-renewables?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Chart: Child mortality rate — Vietnam
Type: scatter
X axis: Year, 1995 to 2024
Y axis: deaths per 100 live births, displayed range 0 to 4.2552.
Plotted values:
1995: 3.94
1996: 3.72
1997: 3.52
1998: 3.34
1999: 3.18
2000: 3.03
2001: 2.9
2002: 2.79
2003: 2.69
2004: 2.61
2005: 2.54
2006: 2.48
20... | Reading the plotted point for 2022, under-five mortality rate (selected) in Vietnam was 1.84 %. | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the chart specification:
1. **Locate the year:** Find the entry for **2022** in the list of plotted values.
2. **Identify the corresponding value:** The value listed for 2022 is **1.84**.
3. **Verify the unit:** The Y-axis represents "deaths per 100 live births."
**Answer:**... | faithful | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | value_lookup | Gapminder (2015); UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (2025) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Source: Forest area. Region: Kenya. Rendered as a bar chart.
Years 1995 through 2024. Y axis in hectares, displayed 3324529.2 to 3937820.8. It does not start at zero.
Plotted values:
1995: 3778405
1996: 3785966
1997: 3793527
1998: 3801088
1999: 3808649
2000: 3816210
2001: 3822436
2002: 3828662
2003: ... | Higher in 2004. The chart gives 3,841,114 ha for 2004 and 3,549,944 ha for 2019, a difference of 291,170 ha. | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification:
* **2004 Forest Area:** 3,841,114 hectares
* **2019 Forest Area:** 3,549,944 hectares
**Finding:**
The forest area in Kenya was **higher in 2004**.
**Analysis of Chart Rendering:**
The values show a difference of approximately 291,170 hectares. The chart... | truncated_axis_honest | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | two_point_comparison | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2025) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/forest-area-km?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Share of population living in extreme poverty in Thailand, plotted as a bar chart over 1990-2024.
Vertical scale: %, running -2.5208 to 23.5773.
Plotted values:
1990: 21.0517
1992: 16.2147
1994: 9.25
1996: 6.4248
1998: 5.717
1999: 8.3206
2000: 8.4324
2002: 4.6585
2004: 3.0931
2006: 2.219
2007: 1.... | Reading the plotted point for 2009, share of population in poverty ($3 a day) in Thailand was 0.79 %. | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification:
The share of the population living in extreme poverty in Thailand in **2009** was **0.7856%**.
**Analysis of the Chart Specification:**
* **Data Verification:** The list explicitly states `2009: 0.7856`.
* **Visual Mechanism Check:** The vertical scale ru... | truncated_axis_honest | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | value_lookup | World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform (2026) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Annual CO₂ emissions in Turkey, plotted as a line chart over 1990-2024.
Vertical scale: tonnes, running 0 to 554077368.
Plotted values:
1990: 154572100
1991: 161125940
1992: 167234000
1993: 174291140
1994: 170592420
1995: 184674720
1996: 203097950
1997: 215511520
1998: 215585820
1999: 211238080
2... | The series peaks in 2024, at 513,034,600 t. The lowest point shown is 1990, at 154,572,100 t. | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification, here is the step-by-step analysis to determine the year with the highest annual CO₂ emissions:
1. **Scan the dataset for the maximum value:**
* The values generally trend upward from 1990 (154,572,100) to 2024.
* Notable high points in recent year... | faithful | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | extremum | Global Carbon Budget (2025) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-co2-emissions-per-country?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Life expectancy in Japan, plotted as a line chart over 1990-2023.
Vertical scale: years, running 0 to 91.4893.
Plotted values:
1990: 78.9928
1991: 79.262
1992: 79.303
1993: 79.4461
1994: 79.8366
1995: 79.6837
1996: 80.3627
1997: 80.5836
1998: 80.6487
1999: 80.6129
2000: 81.1788
2001: 81.5101
... | Lie Factor 1.0, honest. The chart's visual effect matches the data: the plotted change is shown at its true size on a zero-based, correctly-oriented axis. | null | To determine Tufte's Lie Factor, we compare the magnitude of the change depicted in the graphic to the magnitude of the change in the underlying data.
**1. Size of Effect in Data**
* **Start Value (1990):** 78.9928 years
* **End Value (2023):** 84.7123 years
* **Absolute Change:** $84.7123 - 78.9928 = 5.7195$ ye... | faithful | severity | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | lie_factor | Riley (2005); Zijdeman et al. (2015); HMD (2025); UN WPP (2024) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
A line chart titled "Child mortality rate" showing Turkey.
It covers 1995 to 2024. The vertical axis is measured in deaths per 100 live births and is drawn from 0.8724 to 5.4276. It does not start at zero.
Plotted values:
1995: 5.34
1996: 4.98
1997: 4.64
1998: 4.31
1999: 4.01
2000: 3.72
2001: 3.45
2002... | Lie Factor 1.27, mild. The truncated axis makes the change look about 1.3x larger than it is. The underlying change is real but modest; the steepness is a property of the axis, not the data. | null | **1. Size of Effect in Data**
* Start Value (1995): 5.34
* End Value (2024): 0.96
* Absolute Change: 5.34 - 0.96 = 4.38
* Percentage Change (Data): 4.38 ÷ 5.34 ≈ **82.02% decrease**
**2. Size of Effect Shown in Graphic**
Because the vertical axis does not start at zero, the visual height of a value is its dist... | truncated_y_axis | severity | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | lie_factor | Gapminder (2015); UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (2025) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Chart: Forest area — Turkey
Type: area
X axis: Year, 1995 to 2024
Y axis: hectares, displayed range 0 to 24503774.4.
Plotted values:
1995: 19965916
1996: 20002402
1997: 20038888
1998: 20075376
1999: 20111862
2000: 20148350
2001: 20241822
2002: 20335296
2003: 20428768
2004: 20522242
2005: 20615714... | Higher in 2019. The chart gives 20,111,862 ha for 1999 and 22,102,348 ha for 2019, a difference of 1,990,486 ha. | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification:
* **1999 Forest Area:** 20,111,862 hectares
* **2019 Forest Area:** 22,102,348 hectares
Comparing the two figures, 22,102,348 is greater than 20,111,862.
**Conclusion:** The forest area in Turkey was higher in **2019**.
The data shows a consistent upwar... | faithful | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | two_point_comparison | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2025) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/forest-area-km?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Source: Human Development Index. Region: Spain. Rendered as a line chart.
Years 1990 through 2023. Y axis in Human Development Index, displayed 0 to 0.9914.
Plotted values:
1990: 0.766
1991: 0.774
1992: 0.781
1993: 0.789
1994: 0.798
1995: 0.804
1996: 0.811
1997: 0.816
1998: 0.821
1999: 0.825
2000... | The series peaks in 2023, at 0.92. The lowest point shown is 1990, at 0.77. | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification:
1. **Scan the data points** for the highest numerical value:
* The values show a general upward trend from 0.766 in 1990.
* Notable high points include 0.910 in 2019 and 0.912 in 2021.
* The value for 2022 dips slightly to 0.911.
* The... | faithful | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | extremum | UNDP, Human Development Report (2025) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/human-development-index?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Chart: Share of population living in extreme poverty — France
Type: bar
X axis: Year, 1990 to 2023
Y axis: %, displayed range 0 to 0.216.
Plotted values:
1990: 0.2
1996: 0.2
1997: 0.1
1998: 0.1
1999: 0.1
2000: 0.1
2001: 0.1
2002: 0.1
2003: 0.1725
2004: 0.0718
2005: 0.0529
2006: 0.0293
2007: 0... | Reading the plotted point for 1999, share of population in poverty ($3 a day) in France was 0.1 %. | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the chart specification:
The share of the population living in extreme poverty in France in **1999** was **0.1%**.
**Work from the values:**
* The data point listed for the year 1999 is `0.1`.
* The Y-axis unit is specified as `%`.
* Therefore, the value represents 0.1% o... | faithful | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | value_lookup | World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform (2026) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Chart: Share of people who are undernourished — Portugal
Type: line
X axis: Year, 2001 to 2023
Y axis: percent, displayed range 0 to 2.7.
Plotted values:
2001: 2.5
2002: 2.5
2003: 2.5
2004: 2.5
2005: 2.5
2006: 2.5
2007: 2.5
2008: 2.5
2009: 2.5
2010: 2.5
2011: 2.5
2012: 2.5
2013: 2.5
2014: 2... | That year is outside this chart. The series runs 2001 to 2023, and 1986 falls before it begins, so there is no value to read. The earliest point available is 2001, at 2.5 %. | null | The provided chart specification **cannot answer the question** regarding the prevalence of undernourishment in Portugal in 1986.
Here is the analysis based strictly on the provided values:
1. **Time Range Mismatch**: The chart's X-axis and plotted values cover the years **2001 to 2023**. The year 1986 falls outside... | faithful | unanswerable | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | out_of_range | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2025) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/prevalence-of-undernourishment?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Annual CO₂ emissions in Kenya, plotted as an area chart over 1990-2024.
Vertical scale: tonnes, running 2834274.64 to 23195915.36. It does not start at zero.
Plotted values:
1990: 5788842
1991: 4804756
1992: 5504709
1993: 6311647
1994: 6522694
1995: 7515300
1996: 9283094
1997: 8226742
1998: 9998502
... | It moved from 5,788,842 t in 1990 to 21,225,434 t in 2024, a change of 15,436,592 t (+266.66%). | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification:
1. **Value in 1990:** 5,788,842 tonnes
2. **Value in 2024:** 21,225,434 tonnes
**Calculation:**
$$21,225,434 - 5,788,842 = 15,436,592$$
**Finding:**
Annual CO₂ emissions in Kenya increased by **15,436,592 tonnes** between 1990 and 2024.
**Chart Mechanism ... | truncated_axis_honest | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | magnitude_of_change | Global Carbon Budget (2025) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-co2-emissions-per-country?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
A line chart titled "Energy use per person" showing Bangladesh.
It covers 1990 to 2024. The vertical axis is measured in kilowatt-hours per person and is drawn from 0 to 3292.1786.
Plotted values:
1990: 661.5958
1991: 626.2099
1992: 670.1948
1993: 723.2206
1994: 753.5954
1995: 873.6403
1996: 898.6105
1... | It moved from 661.6 kWh in 1990 to 3,048.31 kWh in 2024, a change of 2,386.72 kWh (+360.75%). | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification, here is the calculation for the change in per capita energy consumption for Bangladesh between 1990 and 2024:
1. **Value in 1990:** 661.5958 kWh/person
2. **Value in 2024:** 3048.3135 kWh/person
3. **Calculation:** $3048.3135 - 661.5958 = 2386.7177$
**Find... | faithful | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | magnitude_of_change | U.S. Energy Information Administration (2026); Energy Institute - Statistical Review of World Energy (2025); Population based on various sources (2024) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/per-capita-energy-use?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Source: World population growth. Region: South Africa. Rendered as a bar chart.
Years 1990 through 2024. Y axis in %, displayed -0.7874 to 3.0604.
Plotted values:
1990: 2.688
1991: 1.891
1992: 1.704
1993: 2.273
1994: 0.977
1995: 1.448
1996: 1.148
1997: 1.248
1998: 1.178
1999: 1.003
2000: 0.827
... | The series peaks in 1990, at 2.69 %. The lowest point shown is 2016, at -0.41 %. | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification:
1. **Scan the data for the maximum value:**
* 1990: 2.688
* 1991–2014: All values are below 2.688 (the next highest in this range is 2.309 in 2015).
* 2015: 2.309
* 2016: -0.415
* 2017–2024: All values are below 2.309.
2. **Com... | truncated_axis_honest | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | extremum | HYDE (2023); Gapminder (2022); UN WPP (2024) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/population-growth-rate?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
An area chart titled "Child mortality rate" showing Turkey.
It covers 1995 to 2024. The vertical axis is measured in deaths per 100 live births and is drawn from 0.4344 to 5.8656. It does not start at zero.
Plotted values:
1995: 5.34
1996: 4.98
1997: 4.64
1998: 4.31
1999: 4.01
2000: 3.72
2001: 3.45
200... | The series peaks in 1995, at 5.34 %. The lowest point shown is 2024, at 0.96 %. | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification:
1. **Analyze the data points**: I will scan the list of values from 1995 to 2024 to identify the maximum number.
* 1995: 5.34
* 1996: 4.98
* ... (values generally decrease) ...
* 2023: 1.38 (a local increase, but lower than early years... | truncated_axis_honest | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | extremum | Gapminder (2015); UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (2025) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Chart: Child mortality rate — Mexico
Type: bar
X axis: Year, 1995 to 2024
Y axis: deaths per 100 live births, displayed range 0 to 3.7908.
Plotted values:
1995: 3.51
1996: 3.34
1997: 3.18
1998: 3.02
1999: 2.88
2000: 2.74
2001: 2.62
2002: 2.5
2003: 2.39
2004: 2.3
2005: 2.21
2006: 2.13
2007: 2.... | Higher in 1995. The chart gives 3.51 % for 1995 and 1.5 % for 2019, a difference of 2.01 %. | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the chart specification:
* **1995**: 3.51 deaths per 100 live births
* **2019**: 1.50 deaths per 100 live births
**Finding:**
The under-five mortality rate in Mexico was **higher in 1995**.
**Analysis of Mechanism:**
The specification lists a consistent downward trend in t... | faithful | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | two_point_comparison | Gapminder (2015); UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (2025) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Source: Tuberculosis death rate. Region: Bangladesh. Rendered as a line chart.
Years 2000 through 2024. Y axis in deaths per 100,000 people, displayed 0 to 77.76.
Plotted values:
2000: 71
2001: 72
2002: 70
2003: 69
2004: 66
2005: 60
2006: 54
2007: 54
2008: 53
2009: 51
2010: 53
2011: 54
2012: ... | The series peaks in 2001, at 72 deaths per 100,000 people. The lowest point shown is 2019, at 24 deaths per 100,000 people. | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification:
1. **Analyze the data points**:
* 2000: 71
* **2001: 72**
* 2002: 70
* (Subsequent years show a general downward trend, with values ranging from 69 down to 25).
2. **Identify the maximum**: Comparing all listed values, the highest nu... | faithful | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | extremum | WHO (2025); Population based on various sources (2024) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/tuberculosis-death-rate?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Chart: Carbon intensity: CO₂ emissions per dollar of GDP — Philippines
Type: bar
X axis: Year, 1990 to 2022
Y axis: kilograms per international-$, displayed range 0.1273 to 0.243. It does not start at zero.
Plotted values:
1990: 0.1789
1991: 0.1877
1992: 0.2069
1993: 0.2034
1994: 0.2139
1995: 0.2245
1996... | It moved from 0.18 kg/$ in 1990 to 0.15 kg/$ in 2022, a change of -0.03 kg/$ (-16.84%). | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification:
1. **Value in 1990:** 0.1789 kg per international-$
2. **Value in 2022:** 0.1488 kg per international-$
**Calculation:**
$$0.1488 - 0.1789 = -0.0301$$
**Finding:**
The annual CO₂ emissions per GDP for the Philippines **decreased by 0.0301 kg per internatio... | truncated_axis_honest | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | magnitude_of_change | Global Carbon Budget (2025); Bolt and van Zanden – Maddison Project Database 2023 | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co2-intensity?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Share of population living in urban areas in Peru, plotted as a line chart over 1990-2024.
Vertical scale: %, running 0 to 92.0066.
Plotted values:
1990: 68.9308
1991: 69.3117
1992: 69.7001
1993: 70.0998
1994: 70.5003
1995: 70.8899
1996: 71.2711
1997: 71.6471
1998: 72.0207
1999: 72.3948
2000: 72.... | Lie Factor 1.0, honest. The chart's visual effect matches the data: the plotted change is shown at its true size on a zero-based, correctly-oriented axis. | null | **Lie Factor: 1.0** (honest). The chart's design does not distort the underlying data.
**Analysis**
To determine the Lie Factor, we compare the magnitude of the change in the data to the change shown in the graphic.
1. **Size of Effect in Data:**
* Initial Value (1990): 68.9308
* Final Value (2024): 85.1913
... | faithful | severity | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | lie_factor | United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2025) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-urban?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Maternal mortality ratio in Canada, plotted as a line chart over 2000-2023.
Vertical scale: Deaths per 100 000 live births, running 0 to 17.9839.
Plotted values:
2000: 8.9874
2001: 9.5434
2002: 9.9633
2003: 10.2644
2004: 10.3422
2005: 11.1714
2006: 11.2082
2007: 11.3983
2008: 11.8983
2009: 12.0552
... | Higher in 2008. The chart gives 11.9 Deaths per 100 000 live births for 2008 and 11.78 Deaths per 100 000 live births for 2023, a difference of 0.11 Deaths per 100 000 live births. | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification:
* **2008:** 11.8983 deaths per 100,000 live births
* **2023:** 11.7848 deaths per 100,000 live births
Comparing the two figures directly, **11.8983 > 11.7848**.
Therefore, the maternal mortality ratio in Canada was **higher in 2008** than in 2023.
*(Not... | faithful | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | two_point_comparison | World Health Organization - Global Health Observatory (2026) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/maternal-mortality-ratio-who-gho?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Meat production in Poland, plotted as an area chart over 1995-2024.
Vertical scale: tonnes, running 2483834.54 to 5773610.96. It does not start at zero.
Plotted values:
1995: 2802200
1996: 2948255
1997: 2820300
1998: 3004217
1999: 3026900
2000: 2888000
2001: 2890400
2002: 3148358.2
2003: 3242010.2
... | Reading the plotted point for 2023, all meat - production (tonnes) in Poland was 5,060,147 t. | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification:
The meat production in Poland in 2023 was **5,060,147 tonnes**.
**Analysis of the Chart Specification:**
* **Data Verification:** The list explicitly states `2023: 5060147`.
* **Visual Mechanism Check:** The vertical scale runs from approximately 2.48 mil... | truncated_axis_honest | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | value_lookup | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2025) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/meat-production-tonnes?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Share of population living in urban areas in Peru, plotted as a bar chart over 1990-2024.
Vertical scale: %, running 0 to 92.0066.
Plotted values:
1990: 68.9308
1991: 69.3117
1992: 69.7001
1993: 70.0998
1994: 70.5003
1995: 70.8899
1996: 71.2711
1997: 71.6471
1998: 72.0207
1999: 72.3948
2000: 72.7... | That year is outside this chart. The series runs 1990 to 2024, and 1975 falls before it begins, so there is no value to read. The earliest point available is 1990, at 68.93 %. | null | The provided specification cannot answer the question regarding the urban population share in Peru for the year 1975.
The data explicitly covers the period from **1990 to 2024**. There are no plotted values, extrapolations, or drawing mechanisms included in the specification that extend back to 1975. Therefore, the ch... | faithful | unanswerable | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | out_of_range | United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2025) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-urban?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
An area chart titled "Human Development Index" showing Thailand.
It covers 1990 to 2023. The vertical axis is measured in Human Development Index and is drawn from 0 to 0.864.
Plotted values:
1990: 0.584
1991: 0.593
1992: 0.603
1993: 0.612
1994: 0.62
1995: 0.628
1996: 0.634
1997: 0.639
1998: 0.642
... | Reading the plotted point for 2007, human development index in Thailand was 0.72. | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification:
The Human Development Index (HDI) for Thailand in **2007** was **0.721**.
**Analysis of Chart Mechanism:**
The question asks for a specific data point which is explicitly listed in the provided "Plotted values." There is no discrepancy between the requested y... | faithful | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | value_lookup | UNDP, Human Development Report (2025) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/human-development-index?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Source: Human Development Index. Region: Spain. Rendered as a line chart.
Years 1990 through 2023. Y axis in Human Development Index, displayed 0 to 0.9914.
Plotted values:
1990: 0.766
1991: 0.774
1992: 0.781
1993: 0.789
1994: 0.798
1995: 0.804
1996: 0.811
1997: 0.816
1998: 0.821
1999: 0.825
2000... | This chart covers Spain only, so Nigeria is not plotted and I cannot compare them from it. The chart does support statements about Spain on its own: the series runs from 0.77 in 1990 to 0.92 in 2023. | null | The provided specification **cannot answer the question** of how Spain compares with Nigeria.
**Reasoning:**
The data source explicitly states:
* **Region:** Spain
* **Plotted values:** Only data points for Spain from 1990 to 2023 are listed.
There is no data, axis information, or visual representation provided f... | faithful | unanswerable | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | absent_entity | UNDP, Human Development Report (2025) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/human-development-index?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Source: Annual CO₂ emissions. Region: Indonesia. Rendered as an area chart.
Years 1990 through 2024. Y axis in tonnes, displayed 0 to 877197816.
Plotted values:
1990: 154990690
1991: 174754220
1992: 199298020
1993: 214962850
1994: 219199950
1995: 222225300
1996: 252855740
1997: 279695600
1998: 244315... | Reading the plotted point for 1994, annual co₂ emissions in Indonesia was 219,199,950 t. | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification:
The annual CO₂ emissions in Indonesia in **1994** were **219,199,950 tonnes**.
**Analysis of Chart Mechanism:**
The specification describes the data as being rendered as an "area chart." An area chart fills the space between the data line and the axis. While ... | faithful | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | value_lookup | Global Carbon Budget (2025) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-co2-emissions-per-country?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
An area chart titled "Child mortality rate" showing Turkey.
It covers 1995 to 2024. The vertical axis is measured in deaths per 100 live births and is drawn from 0.4344 to 5.8656. It does not start at zero.
Plotted values:
1995: 5.34
1996: 4.98
1997: 4.64
1998: 4.31
1999: 4.01
2000: 3.72
2001: 3.45
200... | It moved from 5.34 % in 1995 to 0.96 % in 2024, a change of -4.38 % (-82.02%). | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification, here is the step-by-step calculation and analysis:
### 1. Calculation from Values
To determine the change in the under-five mortality rate between 1995 and 2024, we subtract the 2024 value from the 1995 value.
* **Value in 1995:** 5.34 deaths per 100 live b... | truncated_axis_honest | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | magnitude_of_change | Gapminder (2015); UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (2025) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
A scatter chart titled "Share of population living in urban areas projected to 2050" showing Vietnam.
It covers 1990 to 2024. The vertical axis is measured in % and is drawn from 16.8555 to 40.8081. It does not start at zero.
Plotted values:
1990: 19.1735
1991: 19.4397
1992: 19.8253
1993: 20.3058
1994: 20.85... | Higher in 2016. The chart gives 21.45 % for 1995 and 32.85 % for 2016, a difference of 11.39 %. | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification:
* **1995**: The share of the population living in urban areas was **21.4538%**.
* **2016**: The share of the population living in urban areas was **32.8476%**.
**Conclusion:**
The share of the population living in urban areas in Vietnam was **higher in 20... | truncated_axis_honest | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | two_point_comparison | HYDE (2023); United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2025) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/urban-population-share-2050?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Electricity demand in India, plotted as a bar chart over 2000-2024.
Vertical scale: terawatt-hours, running 0 to 2196.9576.
Plotted values:
2000: 572.69
2001: 587.38
2002: 610.99
2003: 639.82
2004: 700.02
2005: 706.07
2006: 747.17
2007: 801.2
2008: 834.25
2009: 883.93
2010: 941.94
2011: 1037.44... | That year is outside this chart. The series runs 2000 to 2024, and 1985 falls before it begins, so there is no value to read. The earliest point available is 2000, at 572.69 TWh. | null | Based on the values and specifications provided, the chart **cannot answer** the question regarding electricity demand in 1985.
The dataset explicitly covers the period from **2000 to 2024**. There are no plotted values, extrapolations, or data points available for the year 1985.
**What the specification supports ins... | faithful | unanswerable | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | out_of_range | Ember (2026) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/electricity-demand?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
An area chart titled "Carbon intensity: CO₂ emissions per dollar of GDP" showing Argentina.
It covers 1990 to 2022. The vertical axis is measured in kilograms per international-$ and is drawn from 0.2446 to 0.2877. It does not start at zero.
The chart displays only 1997-2005. Full series below.
Plotted values:
1990... | Within the window shown (1997-2005) the series moves +4.69%, but that window runs against the longer record. Across the full series (1990-2022) the change is -35.09%, in the opposite direction. The chart is accurate for the years it covers and unrepresentative of the trend. | null | Based on the full series of values, the long-run direction of annual CO₂ emissions per GDP in Argentina is **downward**, decreasing from 0.3312 kg per international-$ in 1990 to 0.215 in 2022—a decline of roughly 35%.
However, the chart as drawn reverses this long-run trend through two mechanisms:
1. **Cropped Time ... | cherry_picked_window | contradicted | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | visual_claim_check | Global Carbon Budget (2025); Bolt and van Zanden – Maddison Project Database 2023 | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co2-intensity?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
A bar chart titled "Maternal mortality ratio" showing Portugal.
It covers 2000 to 2023. The vertical axis is measured in Deaths per 100 000 live births and is drawn from 0 to 19.7079. The axis is inverted, so larger values appear lower.
Plotted values:
2000: 9.4159
2001: 9.197
2002: 8.7389
2003: 8.4603
2004:... | It is increasing. The chart reads as decreasing because the y-axis is inverted, with larger values placed lower. Taking the values as plotted, the series moves from 9.42 Deaths per 100 000 live births to 14.95 Deaths per 100 000 live births, a change of +58.72%. | null | Based on the plotted values, the maternal mortality ratio in Portugal is **rising**.
**Analysis of values:**
* **Start (2000):** 9.4159 deaths per 100,000 live births
* **End (2023):** 14.9452 deaths per 100,000 live births
* **Peak (2021):** 18.7694
Moving from the start to the end point, the value increased b... | inverted_y_axis | contradicted | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | visual_claim_check | World Health Organization - Global Health Observatory (2026) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/maternal-mortality-ratio-who-gho?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Chart: Energy use per person — Poland
Type: line
X axis: Year, 1990 to 2024
Y axis: kilowatt-hours per person, displayed range 23376.2604 to 34966.9406. It does not start at zero.
Plotted values:
1990: 31804.375
1991: 31037.29
1992: 29617.81
1993: 29556.105
1994: 28248.781
1995: 28899.574
1996: 30343.46
... | The plotted values run from 31,804.38 kWh to 29,205.82 kWh, so the actual change is -8.17%. The steepness is partly a property of the axis rather than the data: the y-axis begins at 23376.2604 instead of zero, which magnifies the visual change by roughly 3.0x against a zero-based scale. The rise is real, but visually s... | null | Based on the plotted values, there is **no overall increase** in per capita energy consumption from 1990 to 2024; there is actually a **decrease**.
**Actual Change (1990–2024):**
* **1990:** 31,804.375 kWh/person
* **2024:** 29,205.824 kWh/person
* **Net Change:** −2,598.551 kWh/person (a **decrease of approxima... | truncated_y_axis | contradicted | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | visual_claim_check | U.S. Energy Information Administration (2026); Energy Institute - Statistical Review of World Energy (2025); Population based on various sources (2024) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/per-capita-energy-use?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
A line chart titled "CO₂ emissions per capita" showing Egypt.
It covers 1990 to 2024. The vertical axis is measured in tonnes per person and is drawn from 2.1629 to 2.4567. It does not start at zero.
The chart displays only 2016-2024. Full series below.
Plotted values:
1990: 1.2481
1991: 1.2402
1992: 1.2592
1... | Within the window shown (2016-2024) the series moves -8.08%, but that window runs against the longer record. Across the full series (1990-2024) the change is +77.63%, in the opposite direction. The chart is accurate for the years it covers and unrepresentative of the trend. | null | Based on the full series of values, the long-run direction of CO₂ emissions per capita in Egypt is **significantly upward**, rising from 1.2481 tonnes per person in 1990 to 2.217 in 2024—an increase of roughly 77.6%. The peak was 2.4335 in 2011.
However, the chart as drawn cannot answer the question about the long-run... | cherry_picked_window | contradicted | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | visual_claim_check | Global Carbon Budget (2025); Population based on various sources (2024) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co-emissions-per-capita?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Chart: Meat production — Bangladesh
Type: area
X axis: Year, 1995 to 2024
Y axis: tonnes, displayed range 338200.0496 to 824948.9304. It does not start at zero.
Plotted values:
1995: 385304.78
1996: 388749.75
1997: 415795.7
1998: 418001.53
1999: 435633.12
2000: 449266.8
2001: 459048.44
2002: 479698.12
... | Reading the plotted point for 2001, all meat - production (tonnes) in Bangladesh was 459,048.44 t. | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification:
The meat production in Bangladesh in **2001** was **459,048.44 tonnes**.
**Analysis of Chart Mechanism:**
The specification notes that the Y-axis displayed range is 338,200.05 to 824,948.93 and "does not start at zero." While this truncated axis mechanism vis... | truncated_axis_honest | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | value_lookup | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2025) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/meat-production-tonnes?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
A scatter chart titled "Carbon intensity: CO₂ emissions per dollar of GDP" showing Argentina.
It covers 1990 to 2022. The vertical axis is measured in kilograms per international-$ and is drawn from 0.201 to 0.3451. It does not start at zero.
Plotted values:
1990: 0.3312
1991: 0.3131
1992: 0.2916
1993: 0.2653
... | The series peaks in 1990, at 0.33 kg/$. The lowest point shown is 2022, at 0.21 kg/$. | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification, here is the analysis:
**Step 1: Identify the highest numerical value**
Scanning the list of "kg per international-$" for each year:
* 1990: **0.3312**
* 1991: 0.3131
* 1992: 0.2916
* (All subsequent years show values lower than 0.3131, with the lowest ... | truncated_axis_honest | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | extremum | Global Carbon Budget (2025); Bolt and van Zanden – Maddison Project Database 2023 | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co2-intensity?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
A line chart titled "Life expectancy" showing India.
It covers 1990 to 2023. The vertical axis is measured in years and is drawn from 52.35 to 78.271. It does not start at zero.
Plotted values:
1990: 58.6184
1991: 59.0324
1992: 59.445
1993: 59.823
1994: 60.2372
1995: 60.6295
1996: 61.0269
1997: 61.4393... | Lie Factor 3.00, moderate. The truncated axis makes the change look about 3.0x larger than it is. The underlying change is real but modest; the steepness is a property of the axis, not the data. | null | To determine Tufte's Lie Factor, we compare the percentage change in the underlying data against the percentage change in the visual representation (the vertical height of the line relative to the chart's baseline).
**1. Size of Effect in Data**
* **Start Value (1990):** 58.6184 years
* **End Value (2023):** 72.00... | truncated_y_axis | severity | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | lie_factor | Riley (2005); Zijdeman et al. (2015); HMD (2025); UN WPP (2024) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
A scatter chart titled "Share of population living in urban areas projected to 2050" showing Indonesia.
It covers 1990 to 2024. The vertical axis is measured in % and is drawn from 0 to 63.451.
Plotted values:
1990: 30.5945
1991: 31.5992
1992: 32.6915
1993: 33.8555
1994: 35.0672
1995: 36.3023
1996: 37.53... | The series peaks in 2024, at 58.75 %. The lowest point shown is 1990, at 30.59 %. | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification, here is the step-by-step analysis to determine the year with the highest share of the population living in urban areas:
1. **Analyze the Data Trend**: The data lists annual percentages from 1990 to 2024.
* 1990: 30.5945%
* ... (values consistently... | faithful | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | extremum | HYDE (2023); United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2025) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/urban-population-share-2050?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Chart: Primary energy consumption — United Kingdom
Type: scatter
X axis: Year, 1990 to 2024
Y axis: terawatt-hours, displayed range 1835.6595 to 2806.6491. It does not start at zero.
Plotted values:
1990: 2508.3933
1991: 2561.2166
1992: 2545.3274
1993: 2574.725
1994: 2543.823
1995: 2552.5454
1996: 2676.2... | Reading the plotted point for 2017, primary energy consumption in United Kingdom was 2,251.04 TWh. | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification:
The primary energy consumption in the United Kingdom in **2017** was **2251.043 terawatt-hours**.
**Analysis of Chart Mechanics:**
The specification notes that the Y-axis range is set from approximately 1835 to 2806 TWh, rather than starting at zero. While th... | truncated_axis_honest | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | value_lookup | U.S. Energy Information Administration (2026); Energy Institute - Statistical Review of World Energy (2025) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/primary-energy-cons?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Human Development Index in France, plotted as a line chart over 1990-2023.
Vertical scale: Human Development Index, running 0.782 to 0.966. It does not start at zero. The axis is inverted, so larger values appear lower.
Plotted values:
1990: 0.798
1991: 0.807
1992: 0.814
1993: 0.818
1994: 0.832
1995: 0.837... | Lie Factor -1.0, severe. The magnitude of the change is preserved but its direction is reversed by the inverted axis: the data rises while the chart falls. Any reader trusting the visual gets the sign wrong. | null | **1. Analysis of the Underlying Data**
First, we establish the true trend from the provided values:
* **Start (1990):** 0.798
* **End (2023):** 0.920
* **Absolute Change:** +0.122
* **Relative Change:** +15.3%
* **Direction:** **Increase** (Improvement in Human Development).
**2. Analysis of the Chart Design... | inverted_y_axis | severity | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | lie_factor | UNDP, Human Development Report (2025) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/human-development-index?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Chart: Military spending as a share of GDP — Vietnam
Type: line
X axis: Year, 1990 to 2024
Y axis: % of GDP, displayed range 0 to 8.5437.
Plotted values:
1990: 7.9109
1991: 5.5953
1992: 3.3746
1993: 2.2587
1994: 2.6494
2003: 2.1286
2004: 2.0144
2005: 1.781
2006: 1.9384
2007: 2.3048
2008: 2.0702
... | The series peaks in 1990, at 7.91 %. The lowest point shown is 2022, at 1.72 %. | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification:
1. **Review the data points:**
* 1990: 7.9109
* 1991: 5.5953
* 1992: 3.3746
* (All subsequent years from 1993 to 2024 are below 3.0, with the next highest being 2.7285 in 2009).
2. **Comparison:**
The value **7.9109** in **1990**... | faithful | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | extremum | Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (2026) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/military-spending-as-a-share-of-gdp-sipri?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Share of the population using the Internet in France, plotted as an area chart over 1995-2024.
Vertical scale: % of population, running -8.8017 to 99.0955.
Plotted values:
1995: 1.64
1996: 2.58
1997: 4.26
1998: 6.32
1999: 9.13
2000: 14.3079
2001: 26.3259
2002: 30.18
2003: 36.14
2004: 39.15
2005: ... | Reading the plotted point for 2020, share of the population using the internet in France was 84.71 %. | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification:
The share of the population using the Internet in France in **2020** was **84.7064%**.
**Analysis of the Chart Mechanism:**
The data provided lists specific numerical values for each year. The instruction mentions the data is plotted as an "area chart." An ar... | truncated_axis_honest | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | value_lookup | World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database - International Telecommunication Union (ITU), via World Bank (2026) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-individuals-using-the-internet?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
A line chart titled "Energy use per person" showing Bangladesh.
It covers 1990 to 2024. The vertical axis is measured in kilowatt-hours per person and is drawn from 0 to 3292.1786.
Plotted values:
1990: 661.5958
1991: 626.2099
1992: 670.1948
1993: 723.2206
1994: 753.5954
1995: 873.6403
1996: 898.6105
1... | Reading the plotted point for 2010, per capita energy consumption in Bangladesh was 1,649.61 kWh. | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification:
1. **Locate the year:** Find the entry for **2010** in the list.
2. **Identify the value:** The corresponding value is **1649.6134**.
3. **Verify units:** The vertical axis is measured in **kilowatt-hours per person**.
There is no indication in the specifi... | faithful | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | value_lookup | U.S. Energy Information Administration (2026); Energy Institute - Statistical Review of World Energy (2025); Population based on various sources (2024) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/per-capita-energy-use?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Share of population living in extreme poverty in Peru, plotted as an area chart over 1997-2024.
Vertical scale: %, running 2.1341 to 30.1038. It does not start at zero.
Plotted values:
1997: 26.8646
1998: 25.7142
1999: 26.2962
2000: 25.5416
2001: 27.3971
2002: 24.3926
2003: 22.4567
2004: 23.5482
2005... | The series peaks in 2001, at 27.4 %. The lowest point shown is 2022, at 4.84 %. | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification:
1. **Scan the data points** to identify the maximum value:
* 1997: 26.8646
* 1998: 25.7142
* 1999: 26.2962
* 2000: 25.5416
* **2001: 27.3971**
* 2002: 24.3926
* (Subsequent years show a general downward trend, with a ... | truncated_axis_honest | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | extremum | World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform (2026) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Chart: Share of population living in urban areas projected to 2050 — Turkey
Type: area
X axis: Year, 1990 to 2024
Y axis: %, displayed range 0 to 96.4919.
Plotted values:
1990: 51.0314
1991: 51.9491
1992: 52.793
1993: 53.5828
1994: 54.3348
1995: 55.0652
1996: 55.7904
1997: 56.5267
1998: 57.2902
199... | The series peaks in 2024, at 89.34 %. The lowest point shown is 1990, at 51.03 %. | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification:
1. **Scan the data points** for the highest percentage value.
* The values show a general upward trend from 51.0314% in 1990.
* There is a significant jump between 2012 (73.7789%) and 2015 (87.2167%).
* From 2015 onwards, the values fluctuat... | faithful | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | extremum | HYDE (2023); United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2025) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/urban-population-share-2050?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
An area chart titled "GDP per capita" showing Bangladesh.
It covers 1995 to 2024. The vertical axis is measured in international-$ in 2021 prices and is drawn from 0 to 9165.7278.
Plotted values:
1995: 2351.7039
1996: 2413.543
1997: 2475.5957
1998: 2555.0613
1999: 2624.0654
2000: 2712.935
2001: 2803.5547... | Reading the plotted point for 2006, gdp per capita in Bangladesh was 3,407.43 $. | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification:
1. **Locate the year:** Find the entry for **2006** in the list.
2. **Identify the value:** The corresponding value is **3407.4272**.
3. **Verify units:** The vertical axis is measured in international-$ in 2021 prices.
There is no indication in the specif... | faithful | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | value_lookup | Eurostat, OECD, IMF, and World Bank (2026) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-worldbank?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
A bar chart titled "Child mortality rate" showing Germany.
It covers 1995 to 2024. The vertical axis is measured in deaths per 100 live births and is drawn from 0.3364 to 0.6836. It does not start at zero.
Plotted values:
1995: 0.65
1996: 0.62
1997: 0.59
1998: 0.57
1999: 0.55
2000: 0.54
2001: 0.52
2002... | Higher in 2007. The chart gives 0.45 % for 2007 and 0.37 % for 2023, a difference of 0.08 %. | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification:
* The value for **2007** is **0.45**.
* The value for **2023** is **0.37**.
Comparing these figures directly, 0.45 is greater than 0.37. Therefore, the under-five mortality rate was higher in **2007**.
**Analysis of the Chart Mechanism:**
The specificati... | truncated_axis_honest | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | two_point_comparison | Gapminder (2015); UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (2025) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
GDP per capita in Poland, plotted as a scatter chart over 1995-2024.
Vertical scale: international-$ in 2021 prices, running 12681.2922 to 46699.3168. It does not start at zero. The axis is inverted, so larger values appear lower.
Plotted values:
1995: 14227.566
1996: 15083.098
1997: 16031.721
1998: 16766.648
... | It is increasing. The chart reads as decreasing because the y-axis is inverted, with larger values placed lower. Taking the values as plotted, the series moves from 14,227.57 $ to 45,153.04 $, a change of +217.36%. | null | Based on the plotted values, GDP per capita in Poland is **rising**, increasing from 14,227.566 in 1995 to 45,153.043 in 2024.
However, the chart specification reverses this trend visually. Because the vertical axis is **inverted** (larger values appear lower on the scale), the scatter plot will show a downward slope ... | inverted_y_axis | contradicted | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | visual_claim_check | Eurostat, OECD, IMF, and World Bank (2026) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-worldbank?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Chart: Energy use per person — Egypt
Type: line
X axis: Year, 1990 to 2024
Y axis: kilowatt-hours per person, displayed range 6159.6034 to 10603.8666. It does not start at zero.
Plotted values:
1990: 6701.1313
1991: 6604.019
1992: 6386.172
1993: 6245.07
1994: 6427.995
1995: 6668.7456
1996: 6881.8477
19... | Lie Factor 2.56, moderate. The truncated axis makes the change look about 2.6x larger than it is. The underlying change is real but modest; the steepness is a property of the axis, not the data. | null | To determine the Lie Factor, we compare the percentage change depicted by the graphic's geometry against the actual percentage change in the data.
**1. Size of Effect in the Data**
We identify the minimum and maximum values in the dataset to determine the true relative change:
* **Minimum Data Value (1993):** 6,245.... | truncated_y_axis | severity | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | lie_factor | U.S. Energy Information Administration (2026); Energy Institute - Statistical Review of World Energy (2025); Population based on various sources (2024) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/per-capita-energy-use?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Source: World population growth. Region: Argentina. Rendered as an area chart.
Years 1990 through 2024. Y axis in %, displayed 0.128 to 1.537. It does not start at zero. The axis is inverted, so larger values appear lower.
Plotted values:
1990: 1.473
1991: 1.404
1992: 1.365
1993: 1.342
1994: 1.338
1995: 1.... | It is decreasing. The chart reads as increasing because the y-axis is inverted, with larger values placed lower. Taking the values as plotted, the series moves from 1.47 % to 0.34 %, a change of -76.71%. | null | Based on the plotted values, the population growth rate in Argentina is **falling**. It decreased from 1.473% in 1990 to 0.343% in 2024, a drop of roughly 1.13 percentage points.
However, the way the chart is drawn visually reverses this trend. Because the Y-axis is **inverted** (larger values appear lower), the area ... | inverted_y_axis | contradicted | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | visual_claim_check | HYDE (2023); Gapminder (2022); UN WPP (2024) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/population-growth-rate?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Source: Literacy rates among adults. Region: India. Rendered as a scatter chart.
Years 1991 through 2024. Y axis in %, displayed 0 to 88.236.
Plotted values:
1991: 48.22
2001: 61.01
2006: 62.75
2010: 68.3258
2011: 69.3
2012: 69.8279
2018: 73.6884
2019: 74.8939
2020: 75.5271
2021: 76.0597
2022: 76... | That year is outside this chart. The series runs 1991 to 2024, and 1976 falls before it begins, so there is no value to read. The earliest point available is 1991, at 48.22 %. | null | The provided specification **cannot answer** the question regarding the literacy rate in 1976.
**Supportable Findings:**
The data explicitly supports findings only for the years **1991 through 2024**. The earliest data point available in the plotted values is for the year 1991, with a literacy rate of **48.22%**. Ther... | faithful | unanswerable | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | out_of_range | UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2026) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/literacy?age_group=adult&sex=both&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Source: Life expectancy. Region: Nigeria. Rendered as an area chart.
Years 1990 through 2023. Y axis in years, displayed 0 to 58.8193.
Plotted values:
1990: 45.7327
1991: 45.4832
1992: 45.5874
1993: 45.7826
1994: 45.7476
1995: 45.8701
1996: 45.8328
1997: 45.9598
1998: 46.1479
1999: 46.6088
2000: ... | That year is outside this chart. The series runs 1990 to 2023, and 1975 falls before it begins, so there is no value to read. The earliest point available is 1990, at 45.73 years. | null | The provided specification **cannot answer** the question regarding life expectancy in 1975.
The dataset explicitly covers the years **1990 through 2023**. There are no plotted values, extrapolations, or data points included for the year 1975. Therefore, the chart only supports findings related to life expectancy tren... | faithful | unanswerable | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | out_of_range | Riley (2005); Zijdeman et al. (2015); HMD (2025); UN WPP (2024) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Source: Share of primary energy consumption from renewable sources. Region: Brazil. Rendered as an area chart.
Years 1990 through 2024. Y axis in %, displayed 0 to 53.5853.
Plotted values:
1990: 43.2668
1991: 43.7013
1992: 44.0174
1993: 44.217
1994: 43.9321
1995: 43.3731
1996: 42.8344
1997: 42.1475
1... | That year is outside this chart. The series runs 1990 to 2024, and 1975 falls before it begins, so there is no value to read. The earliest point available is 1990, at 43.27 %. | null | The provided specification cannot answer the question regarding renewables for Brazil in 1975.
The data explicitly covers the years **1990 through 2024**. There are no plotted values, axis markers, or trend extensions included in the source description that reach back to 1975. Therefore, the specification only support... | faithful | unanswerable | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | out_of_range | Energy Institute - Statistical Review of World Energy (2025) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/renewable-share-energy?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Source: Carbon intensity: CO₂ emissions per dollar of GDP. Region: Portugal. Rendered as an area chart.
Years 1990 through 2022. Y axis in kilograms per international-$, displayed 0.1271 to 0.2997. It does not start at zero. The axis is inverted, so larger values appear lower.
Plotted values:
1990: 0.2646
1991: 0.... | It is decreasing. The chart reads as increasing because the y-axis is inverted, with larger values placed lower. Taking the values as plotted, the series moves from 0.26 kg/$ to 0.14 kg/$, a change of -47.96%. | null | Based on the plotted values, annual CO₂ emissions per GDP in Portugal are **falling**.
**Work from the values:**
* **1990:** 0.2646 kg per international-$
* **2022:** 0.1377 kg per international-$
* **Peak:** 0.2919 (1999)
* **Trend:** The values decrease consistently over the period, dropping by approximately... | inverted_y_axis | contradicted | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | visual_claim_check | Global Carbon Budget (2025); Bolt and van Zanden – Maddison Project Database 2023 | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co2-intensity?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Source: Forest area. Region: Kenya. Rendered as a bar chart.
Years 1995 through 2024. Y axis in hectares, displayed 3324529.2 to 3937820.8. It does not start at zero.
Plotted values:
1995: 3778405
1996: 3785966
1997: 3793527
1998: 3801088
1999: 3808649
2000: 3816210
2001: 3822436
2002: 3828662
2003: ... | The series peaks in 2010, at 3,878,470 ha. The lowest point shown is 2015, at 3,383,880 ha. | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification, here is the analysis:
**1. Analysis of Plotted Values**
To find the highest value, we examine the data points year by year:
* The values rise steadily from 1995 (3,778,405) to 2010.
* **2010**: 3,878,470
* From 2011 onwards, the values drop significantly... | truncated_axis_honest | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | extremum | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2025) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/forest-area-km?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Chart: Share of population living in urban areas projected to 2050 — Turkey
Type: line
X axis: Year, 1990 to 2024
Y axis: %, displayed range 50.2651 to 90.1106. It does not start at zero.
Plotted values:
1990: 51.0314
1991: 51.9491
1992: 52.793
1993: 53.5828
1994: 54.3348
1995: 55.0652
1996: 55.7904
19... | Lie Factor 2.42, moderate. The truncated axis makes the change look about 2.4x larger than it is. The underlying change is real but modest; the steepness is a property of the axis, not the data. | null | Based on the provided specifications, the chart severely distorts the underlying data, yielding a Lie Factor of approximately 66.6.
**1. Size of Effect in Data**
* Start Value (1990): 51.0314%
* End Value (2024): 89.3443%
* Absolute Change: 38.3129 percentage points
* Relative Change: 38.3129 / 51.0314 ≈ **0.7... | truncated_y_axis | severity | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | lie_factor | HYDE (2023); United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2025) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/urban-population-share-2050?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Chart: Share of population living in extreme poverty — Denmark
Type: line
X axis: Year, 1992 to 2023
Y axis: %, displayed range 0 to 0.63. The axis is inverted, so larger values appear lower.
Plotted values:
1992: 0.6
1995: 0.1
2000: 0.1
2003: 0.3689
2004: 0.315
2005: 0.2782
2006: 0.195
2007: 0.0852
... | Lie Factor -1.0, severe. The magnitude of the change is preserved but its direction is reversed by the inverted axis: the data rises while the chart falls. Any reader trusting the visual gets the sign wrong. | null | **Lie Factor: -1.0**
**Workings from the values:**
1. **Data Effect:** The underlying data shows directional changes. For instance, from 2011 (0%) to 2023 (0.3592%), extreme poverty *increased*; from 1992 (0.6%) to 1995 (0.1%), it *decreased*.
2. **Visual Effect:** The Y-axis is inverted, meaning larger values appear ... | inverted_y_axis | severity | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | lie_factor | World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform (2026) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Primary energy consumption in France, plotted as a bar chart over 1990-2024.
Vertical scale: terawatt-hours, running 0 to 3434.5404.
Plotted values:
1990: 2649.8232
1991: 2834.176
1992: 2857.941
1993: 2853.8882
1994: 2824.7595
1995: 2904.198
1996: 3012.3484
1997: 2965.6794
1998: 3037.222
1999: 3078... | The chart shows that the change happened: primary energy consumption moves to 2,306.19 TWh in 2022. It does not carry any information about why. This is a single measured series with no covariates, policy dates, or events attached, so any cause I named would be supplied from outside the chart rather than read from it. | null | Based on the provided values, primary energy consumption in France decreased from 2597.5605 TWh in 2021 to 2306.192 TWh in 2022. This represents a reduction of approximately 291.37 TWh, making 2022 the lowest consumption year in the entire 1990–2024 dataset (falling below the previous low of 2444.2654 TWh in 2020).
Ho... | faithful | unanswerable | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | causal_attribution | U.S. Energy Information Administration (2026); Energy Institute - Statistical Review of World Energy (2025) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/primary-energy-cons?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Source: Primary energy consumption. Region: Portugal. Rendered as a line chart.
Years 1990 through 2024. Y axis in terawatt-hours, displayed 0 to 334.656.
Plotted values:
1990: 202.6525
1991: 210.4875
1992: 214.6498
1993: 220.117
1994: 229.9243
1995: 244.8115
1996: 252.3608
1997: 256.3753
1998: 279.4... | The series peaks in 2016, at 309.87 TWh. The lowest point shown is 1990, at 202.65 TWh. | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification:
1. **Scan the data for the maximum value:**
* The values generally increase from 1990 (202.6525) through the early 2000s.
* Notable high points include 2003 (305.1767), 2010 (304.1046), and 2016 (309.8667).
* Comparing the peak candidates:
... | faithful | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | extremum | U.S. Energy Information Administration (2026); Energy Institute - Statistical Review of World Energy (2025) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/primary-energy-cons?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Source: Share of population living in urban areas. Region: France. Rendered as a line chart.
Years 1990 through 2024. Y axis in %, displayed 0 to 85.104.
Plotted values:
1990: 74.0676
1991: 74.2198
1992: 74.4051
1993: 74.6169
1994: 74.8499
1995: 75.0991
1996: 75.3593
1997: 75.6252
1998: 75.8919
199... | Reading the plotted point for 2001, urban in France was 76.91 %. | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification:
1. **Locate the year:** Find the entry for **2001** in the list.
2. **Read the value:** The value associated with 2001 is **76.9074**.
3. **Interpret the metric:** The source is defined as the "Share of population living in urban areas," and the Y-axis unit... | faithful | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | value_lookup | United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2025) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-urban?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
A bar chart titled "Meat production" showing Chile.
It covers 1995 to 2024. The vertical axis is measured in tonnes and is drawn from 671544.98 to 1687332.52. It does not start at zero.
Plotted values:
1995: 769847
1996: 807058
1997: 844022
1998: 895675
1999: 883217
2000: 945521
2001: 1024909
2002: 102... | Higher in 2015. The chart gives 1,346,031 t for 2007 and 1,482,547.6 t for 2015, a difference of 136,516.6 t. | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification:
* **2007 Meat Production:** 1,346,031 tonnes
* **2015 Meat Production:** 1,482,547.6 tonnes
**Finding:**
Meat production in Chile was higher in **2015**.
**Analysis of Chart Mechanics:**
The question asks to verify if the chart's drawing mechanism overst... | truncated_axis_honest | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | two_point_comparison | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2025) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/meat-production-tonnes?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Chart: Share of people who are undernourished — Portugal
Type: bar
X axis: Year, 2001 to 2023
Y axis: percent, displayed range 0 to 2.625. The axis is inverted, so larger values appear lower.
Plotted values:
2001: 2.5
2002: 2.5
2003: 2.5
2004: 2.5
2005: 2.5
2006: 2.5
2007: 2.5
2008: 2.5
2009: 2.5
2... | It is increasing. The chart reads as decreasing because the y-axis is inverted, with larger values placed lower. Taking the values as plotted, the series moves from 2.5 % to 2.5 %, a change of +0.00%. | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification:
1. **Work from the values:** The data lists the prevalence of undernourishment as exactly 2.5% for every year from 2001 to 2023. There is no variation in the numerical data.
2. **Assess the chart mechanism:** The specification notes an inverted Y-axis, where l... | inverted_y_axis | contradicted | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | visual_claim_check | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2025) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/prevalence-of-undernourishment?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Meat production in Poland, plotted as a bar chart over 1995-2024.
Vertical scale: tonnes, running 0 to 5728007.775. The axis is inverted, so larger values appear lower.
Plotted values:
1995: 2802200
1996: 2948255
1997: 2820300
1998: 3004217
1999: 3026900
2000: 2888000
2001: 2890400
2002: 3148358.2
20... | It is increasing. The chart reads as decreasing because the y-axis is inverted, with larger values placed lower. Taking the values as plotted, the series moves from 2,802,200 t to 5,455,245.5 t, a change of +94.68%. | null | Based on the plotted values, meat production in Poland is **rising**.
**Correct Figure:**
Production increased from 2,802,200 tonnes in 1995 to 5,455,245.5 tonnes in 2024, a change of approximately +94.68%. While there are year-to-year fluctuations, the overall long-term trend is a significant increase.
**Mechanism:... | inverted_y_axis | contradicted | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | visual_claim_check | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2025) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/meat-production-tonnes?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
A line chart titled "Primary energy consumption" showing Canada.
It covers 1990 to 2024. The vertical axis is measured in terawatt-hours and is drawn from 2948.4104 to 4286.6138. It does not start at zero. The axis is inverted, so larger values appear lower.
Plotted values:
1990: 3008.582
1991: 3020.828
1992: 31... | Lie Factor -1.0, severe. The magnitude of the change is preserved but its direction is reversed by the inverted axis: the data rises while the chart falls. Any reader trusting the visual gets the sign wrong. | null | ### 1. Analysis of the Underlying Data
First, we establish the actual trend in the data provided.
* **Start Value (1990):** 3008.582 TWh
* **End Value (2024):** 3886.195 TWh
* **Absolute Change:** +877.613 TWh
* **Percentage Change:** (877.613 ÷ 3008.582) × 100 ≈ **+29.2%**
**Data Reality:** Primary energy co... | inverted_y_axis | severity | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | lie_factor | U.S. Energy Information Administration (2026); Energy Institute - Statistical Review of World Energy (2025) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/primary-energy-cons?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Source: Share of people who are undernourished. Region: Canada. Rendered as a scatter chart.
Years 2001 through 2023. Y axis in percent, displayed 2.475 to 2.525. It does not start at zero.
Plotted values:
2001: 2.5
2002: 2.5
2003: 2.5
2004: 2.5
2005: 2.5
2006: 2.5
2007: 2.5
2008: 2.5
2009: 2.5
201... | It moved from 2.5 % in 2001 to 2.5 % in 2023, a change of 0 % (+0.00%). | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification:
* **Value in 2001:** 2.5%
* **Value in 2023:** 2.5%
**Calculation:**
2.5% - 2.5% = 0%
**Finding:**
The prevalence of undernourishment in Canada **did not change** (0% change) between 2001 and 2023 according to these data points.
**Chart Mechanism Analys... | truncated_axis_honest | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | magnitude_of_change | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2025) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/prevalence-of-undernourishment?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Electricity demand in Brazil, plotted as an area chart over 2000-2024.
Vertical scale: terawatt-hours, running 319.4908 to 804.2192. It does not start at zero.
Plotted values:
2000: 391.92
2001: 366.4
2002: 382.28
2003: 402.58
2004: 424.87
2005: 442.11
2006: 460.61
2007: 483.98
2008: 505.39
2009: 5... | It moved from 391.92 TWh in 2000 to 757.31 TWh in 2024, a change of 365.39 TWh (+93.23%). | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification:
1. **Value in 2000:** 391.92 TWh
2. **Value in 2024:** 757.31 TWh
To find the change, subtract the 2000 value from the 2024 value:
$$757.31 - 391.92 = 365.39$$
**Answer:**
Electricity demand in Brazil increased by **365.39 terawatt-hours** between 2000 and... | truncated_axis_honest | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | magnitude_of_change | Ember (2026) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/electricity-demand?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
A line chart titled "Share of people who are undernourished" showing United Kingdom.
It covers 2001 to 2023. The vertical axis is measured in percent and is drawn from 0 to 2.7.
Plotted values:
2001: 2.5
2002: 2.5
2003: 2.5
2004: 2.5
2005: 2.5
2006: 2.5
2007: 2.5
2008: 2.5
2009: 2.5
2010: 2.5
201... | Lie Factor 1.0, honest. The chart's visual effect matches the data: the plotted change is shown at its true size on a zero-based, correctly-oriented axis. | null | **Data Analysis**
The underlying values show a constant 2.5% for every year from 2001 to 2023. The size of the effect in the data is 0% change.
**Visual Analysis**
The chart draws these values on a vertical axis ranging from 0 to 2.7. Because the values are identical and plotted on a linear scale starting from zero, t... | faithful | severity | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | lie_factor | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2025) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/prevalence-of-undernourishment?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Source: Share of adults who are obese. Region: India. Rendered as a line chart.
Years 1990 through 2024. Y axis in %, displayed 0.6543 to 8.3794. It does not start at zero. The axis is inverted, so larger values appear lower.
Plotted values:
1990: 0.6676
1991: 0.7286
1992: 0.7949
1993: 0.8669
1994: 0.9453
... | Lie Factor -1.0, severe. The magnitude of the change is preserved but its direction is reversed by the inverted axis: the data rises while the chart falls. Any reader trusting the visual gets the sign wrong. | null | **1. Analysis of Underlying Data**
* **Start Value (1990):** 0.6676%
* **End Value (2024):** 7.9804%
* **Absolute Change:** +7.3128 percentage points.
* **Relative Change:** (7.9804 - 0.6676) / 0.6676 ≈ 10.95 (a **1,095% increase**).
* **Direction:** Positive (upward trend).
**2. Analysis of Chart Design**
*... | inverted_y_axis | severity | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | lie_factor | World Health Organization - Global Health Observatory (2026) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-adults-defined-as-obese?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
A bar chart titled "Tuberculosis death rate" showing Ethiopia.
It covers 2000 to 2024. The vertical axis is measured in deaths per 100,000 people and is drawn from -4.76 to 209.76.
Plotted values:
2000: 189
2001: 168
2002: 141
2003: 124
2004: 109
2005: 100
2006: 94
2007: 84
2008: 71
2009: 61
2010... | It moved from 189 deaths per 100,000 people in 2000 to 16 deaths per 100,000 people in 2024, a change of -173 deaths per 100,000 people (-91.53%). | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification:
1. **Identify the value for the start year (2000):** 189 deaths per 100,000 people.
2. **Identify the value for the end year (2024):** 16 deaths per 100,000 people.
3. **Calculate the change:** $16 - 189 = -173$.
**Finding:**
The estimated mortality from a... | truncated_axis_honest | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | magnitude_of_change | WHO (2025); Population based on various sources (2024) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/tuberculosis-death-rate?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Chart: Forest area — Vietnam
Type: bar
X axis: Year, 1995 to 2024
Y axis: hectares, displayed range 10077532.64 to 15270005.36. It does not start at zero.
Plotted values:
1995: 10580030
1996: 10820844
1997: 11061658
1998: 11302472
1999: 11543286
2000: 11784100
2001: 11944496
2002: 12104892
2003: 1226... | It moved from 10,580,030 ha in 1995 to 14,767,508 ha in 2024, a change of 4,187,478 ha (+39.58%). | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification:
1. **Value in 1995:** 10,580,030 hectares
2. **Value in 2024:** 14,767,508 hectares
**Calculation:**
$$14,767,508 - 10,580,030 = 4,187,478$$
**Finding:**
The forest area in Vietnam increased by **4,187,478 hectares** between 1995 and 2024.
**Chart Mechani... | truncated_axis_honest | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | magnitude_of_change | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2025) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/forest-area-km?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Source: Carbon intensity: CO₂ emissions per dollar of GDP. Region: Portugal. Rendered as an area chart.
Years 1990 through 2022. Y axis in kilograms per international-$, displayed 0.1192 to 0.3104. It does not start at zero.
Plotted values:
1990: 0.2646
1991: 0.264
1992: 0.277
1993: 0.2698
1994: 0.269
1995... | Higher in 2001. The chart gives 0.27 kg/$ for 2001 and 0.23 kg/$ for 2007, a difference of 0.03 kg/$. | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification:
* **2001:** 0.2668 kg per international-$
* **2007:** 0.2339 kg per international-$
Comparing the two figures, 0.2668 is greater than 0.2339.
**Conclusion:**
Annual CO₂ emissions per GDP in Portugal were **higher in 2001**.
*(Note: The chart specificati... | truncated_axis_honest | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | two_point_comparison | Global Carbon Budget (2025); Bolt and van Zanden – Maddison Project Database 2023 | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co2-intensity?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Meat production in Egypt, plotted as a scatter chart over 1995-2024.
Vertical scale: tonnes, running 0 to 3653170.2.
Plotted values:
1995: 1129312.5
1996: 1123009
1997: 1245121
1998: 1265096
1999: 1343651
2000: 1383645.1
2001: 1400629
2002: 1644192.4
2003: 1569141.5
2004: 1542944.4
2005: 1593977.... | It moved from 1,129,312.5 t in 1995 to 3,382,565 t in 2024, a change of 2,253,252.5 t (+199.52%). | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification, here is the calculation for the change in meat production in Egypt between 1995 and 2024:
1. **Value in 1995:** 1,129,312.5 tonnes
2. **Value in 2024:** 3,382,565 tonnes
3. **Calculation:** $3,382,565 - 1,129,312.5 = 2,253,252.5$
**Finding:**
Meat producti... | faithful | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | magnitude_of_change | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2025) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/meat-production-tonnes?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Source: Energy use per person. Region: Vietnam. Rendered as a bar chart.
Years 1990 through 2024. Y axis in kilowatt-hours per person, displayed 0 to 15787.5912.
Plotted values:
1990: 1177.4452
1991: 1173.7494
1992: 1256.847
1993: 1407.9246
1994: 1544.6514
1995: 1764.7858
1996: 1992.6161
1997: 2262.230... | The series peaks in 2024, at 14,618.14 kWh. The lowest point shown is 1991, at 1,173.75 kWh. | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification:
1. **Scan the data points** from 1990 to 2024 to identify the maximum numerical value.
2. The values show a general upward trend.
3. Comparing the most recent years:
* 2020: 12,527.92
* 2021: 12,365.529 (a slight decrease)
* 2022: 12,976.3... | faithful | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | extremum | U.S. Energy Information Administration (2026); Energy Institute - Statistical Review of World Energy (2025); Population based on various sources (2024) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/per-capita-energy-use?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Source: Average years of schooling. Region: China. Rendered as a scatter chart.
Years 1970 through 2020. Y axis in years, displayed 3.5804 to 9.5696. It does not start at zero.
Plotted values:
1970: 4.16
1975: 4.83
1980: 5.74
1985: 6.16
1990: 6.45
1995: 7.17
2000: 7.79
2005: 8.02
2010: 8.25
2015: 8... | It moved from 4.16 years in 1970 to 8.99 years in 2020, a change of 4.83 years (+116.11%). | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification:
1. **Value in 1970**: 4.16 years
2. **Value in 2020**: 8.99 years
To find the change, subtract the initial value from the final value:
$$8.99 - 4.16 = 4.83$$
**Finding:**
The average years of schooling in China increased by **4.83 years** between 1970 and ... | truncated_axis_honest | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | magnitude_of_change | Barro and Lee (2015); Lee and Lee (2016) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/mean-years-of-schooling-long-run?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Chart: Maternal mortality ratio — Ghana
Type: area
X axis: Year, 2000 to 2023
Y axis: Deaths per 100 000 live births, displayed range 0 to 510.2979.
Plotted values:
2000: 472.4981
2001: 459.9585
2002: 434.2489
2003: 409.5524
2004: 402.6476
2005: 389.5229
2006: 384.5182
2007: 377.2134
2008: 380.1049
... | That year is outside this chart. The series runs 2000 to 2023, and 1985 falls before it begins, so there is no value to read. The earliest point available is 2000, at 472.5 Deaths per 100 000 live births. | null | The provided chart specification **cannot answer** the question regarding the maternal mortality ratio for Ghana in 1985.
**Reasoning:**
The data points provided in the specification only cover the period from **2000 to 2023**. There are no plotted values, extrapolations, or historical data included for the year 1985.... | faithful | unanswerable | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | out_of_range | World Health Organization - Global Health Observatory (2026) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/maternal-mortality-ratio-who-gho?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Share of population living in extreme poverty in Peru, plotted as a line chart over 1997-2024.
Vertical scale: %, running 0 to 29.5888.
Plotted values:
1997: 26.8646
1998: 25.7142
1999: 26.2962
2000: 25.5416
2001: 27.3971
2002: 24.3926
2003: 22.4567
2004: 23.5482
2005: 25.3752
2006: 21.8473
2007:... | Lie Factor 1.0, honest. The chart's visual effect matches the data: the plotted change is shown at its true size on a zero-based, correctly-oriented axis. | null | Based on the provided specifications, Tufte's Lie Factor is **1.0**, meaning the chart's design does not distort the underlying data.
**Analysis:**
Tufte's Lie Factor is the ratio of the size of the effect shown in the graphic to the size of the effect in the data.
1. **Data Effect:** The data shows a significant de... | faithful | severity | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | lie_factor | World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform (2026) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Source: Fertility rate: births per woman. Region: India. Rendered as a bar chart.
Years 1990 through 2023. Y axis in live births per woman, displayed 1.7266 to 4.2934. It does not start at zero.
Plotted values:
1990: 4.045
1991: 3.959
1992: 3.877
1993: 3.799
1994: 3.723
1995: 3.651
1996: 3.582
1997: 3.... | It moved from 4.04 live births per woman in 1990 to 1.98 live births per woman in 2023, a change of -2.07 live births per woman (-51.17%). | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification:
1. **Identify the starting value (1990):** 4.045 births per woman.
2. **Identify the ending value (2023):** 1.975 births per woman.
3. **Calculate the absolute change:** $1.975 - 4.045 = -2.07$.
4. **Calculate the percentage change:** $(-2.07 / 4.045) \tim... | truncated_axis_honest | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | magnitude_of_change | UN, World Population Prospects (2024) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/fertility-rate-with-projections?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
A line chart titled "Tuberculosis death rate" showing Ethiopia.
It covers 2000 to 2024. The vertical axis is measured in deaths per 100,000 people and is drawn from 15.68 to 198.45. It does not start at zero. The axis is inverted, so larger values appear lower.
Plotted values:
2000: 189
2001: 168
2002: 141
200... | Lie Factor -1.0, severe. The magnitude of the change is preserved but its direction is reversed by the inverted axis: the data rises while the chart falls. Any reader trusting the visual gets the sign wrong. | null | ### 1. Analysis of the Data (Size of Effect in Data)
* **Start Value (2000):** 189 deaths per 100,000
* **End Value (2024):** 16 deaths per 100,000
* **Percentage Change:** $\frac{16 - 189}{189} \approx -91.5\%$
* **Trend:** The data shows a massive **decrease** (improvement) in the death rate.
### 2. Analysis... | inverted_y_axis | severity | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | lie_factor | WHO (2025); Population based on various sources (2024) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/tuberculosis-death-rate?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Tuberculosis death rate in Chile, plotted as a bar chart over 2000-2024.
Vertical scale: deaths per 100,000 people, running 1.356 to 5.944. It does not start at zero.
Plotted values:
2000: 5.2
2001: 5.5
2002: 4.9
2003: 4.7
2004: 4.9
2005: 4.4
2006: 4.2
2007: 3.7
2008: 3
2009: 3.2
2010: 3.5
2011... | The series peaks in 2001, at 5.5 deaths per 100,000 people. The lowest point shown is 2020, at 1.8 deaths per 100,000 people. | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification:
1. **Analyze the data points**:
* 2000: 5.2
* **2001: 5.5**
* 2002: 4.9
* (Subsequent years show values ranging from 1.8 to 4.9, all lower than 5.5)
2. **Identify the maximum**: The highest numerical value in the dataset is **5.5**, ... | truncated_axis_honest | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | extremum | WHO (2025); Population based on various sources (2024) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/tuberculosis-death-rate?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Annual CO₂ emissions in Kenya, plotted as a bar chart over 1990-2024.
Vertical scale: tonnes, running 0 to 22923468.72.
Plotted values:
1990: 5788842
1991: 4804756
1992: 5504709
1993: 6311647
1994: 6522694
1995: 7515300
1996: 9283094
1997: 8226742
1998: 9998502
1999: 10020533
2000: 10384895
200... | The chart shows that the change happened: annual co₂ emissions moves to 12,184,812 t in 2009. It does not carry any information about why. This is a single measured series with no covariates, policy dates, or events attached, so any cause I named would be supplied from outside the chart rather than read from it. | null | Based on the plotted values, annual CO₂ emissions in Kenya increased from 10,098,609 tonnes in 2008 to 12,184,812 tonnes in 2009, a rise of 2,086,203 tonnes (approximately 20.7%). However, the specification cannot answer what caused this change. It contains only the quantitative emission values and chart drawing instru... | faithful | unanswerable | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | causal_attribution | Global Carbon Budget (2025) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-co2-emissions-per-country?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Source: Military spending as a share of GDP. Region: Turkey. Rendered as a line chart.
Years 1990 through 2024. Y axis in % of GDP, displayed 0 to 4.3755.
Plotted values:
1990: 3.5277
1991: 3.7544
1992: 3.8706
1993: 3.9214
1994: 4.0514
1995: 2.8148
1996: 3.0004
1997: 2.9536
1998: 3.1811
1999: 3.877... | Lie Factor 1.0, honest. The chart's visual effect matches the data: the plotted change is shown at its true size on a zero-based, correctly-oriented axis. | null | To determine Tufte's Lie Factor, we compare the size of the effect shown in the graphic to the size of the effect in the data.
**1. Size of Effect in Data**
The values range from a maximum of 4.0514 (1994) to a minimum of 1.6248 (2022).
* Absolute change: 1.6248 - 4.0514 = -2.4266
* Relative change: -2.4266 / 4.0514 ... | faithful | severity | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | lie_factor | Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (2026) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/military-spending-as-a-share-of-gdp-sipri?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Source: Fertility rate: births per woman. Region: India. Rendered as a line chart.
Years 1990 through 2023. Y axis in live births per woman, displayed 1.9336 to 4.0864. It does not start at zero.
Plotted values:
1990: 4.045
1991: 3.959
1992: 3.877
1993: 3.799
1994: 3.723
1995: 3.651
1996: 3.582
1997: 3... | Lie Factor 2.03, moderate. The truncated axis makes the change look about 2.0x larger than it is. The underlying change is real but modest; the steepness is a property of the axis, not the data. | null | To determine Tufte's Lie Factor, we compare the percentage change in the data to the percentage change in the visual representation defined by the chart's axis specifications.
**1. Size of Effect in Data**
* **Start Value (1990):** 4.045
* **End Value (2023):** 1.975
* **Absolute Change:** $4.045 - 1.975 = 2.07$... | truncated_y_axis | severity | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | lie_factor | UN, World Population Prospects (2024) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/fertility-rate-with-projections?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Chart: Forest area — Vietnam
Type: line
X axis: Year, 1995 to 2024
Y axis: hectares, displayed range 0 to 15948908.64.
Plotted values:
1995: 10580030
1996: 10820844
1997: 11061658
1998: 11302472
1999: 11543286
2000: 11784100
2001: 11944496
2002: 12104892
2003: 12265288
2004: 12425684
2005: 125860... | Lie Factor 1.0, honest. The chart's visual effect matches the data: the plotted change is shown at its true size on a zero-based, correctly-oriented axis. | null | **1. Size of Effect in the Data**
First, calculate the actual percentage change in the underlying data between the start and end years.
* **Start Value (1995):** 10,580,030 hectares
* **End Value (2024):** 14,767,508 hectares
* **Absolute Change:** 14,767,508 − 10,580,030 = 4,187,478 hectares
* **Percentage Cha... | faithful | severity | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | lie_factor | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2025) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/forest-area-km?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Source: Life expectancy. Region: Nigeria. Rendered as a bar chart.
Years 1990 through 2023. Y axis in years, displayed 44.4057 to 55.5398. It does not start at zero.
Plotted values:
1990: 45.7327
1991: 45.4832
1992: 45.5874
1993: 45.7826
1994: 45.7476
1995: 45.8701
1996: 45.8328
1997: 45.9598
1998: 4... | The series peaks in 2023, at 54.46 years. The lowest point shown is 1991, at 45.48 years. | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification:
1. **Scan the data for the maximum value:**
* The values start at 45.7327 in 1990.
* There is a general upward trend throughout the period.
* Comparing the final years:
* 2021: 53.455
* 2022: 54.079
* 2023: 54.4... | truncated_axis_honest | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | extremum | Riley (2005); Zijdeman et al. (2015); HMD (2025); UN WPP (2024) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
A line chart titled "Child mortality rate" showing Germany.
It covers 1995 to 2024. The vertical axis is measured in deaths per 100 live births and is drawn from 0.3626 to 0.6825. It does not start at zero. The axis is inverted, so larger values appear lower.
Plotted values:
1995: 0.65
1996: 0.62
1997: 0.59
19... | Lie Factor -1.0, severe. The magnitude of the change is preserved but its direction is reversed by the inverted axis: the data rises while the chart falls. Any reader trusting the visual gets the sign wrong. | null | **1. Analysis of the Data (Size of Effect in Data)**
* **Start Value (1995):** 0.65
* **End Value (2024):** 0.37
* **Absolute Change:** -0.28
* **Percentage Change:** (-0.28 / 0.65) ≈ -43.1%
* **Trend:** A significant **decrease** (improvement) in child mortality.
**2. Analysis of the Graphic (Size of Effect... | inverted_y_axis | severity | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | lie_factor | Gapminder (2015); UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (2025) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Share of the population using the Internet in France, plotted as an area chart over 1995-2024.
Vertical scale: % of population, running -8.8017 to 99.0955.
Plotted values:
1995: 1.64
1996: 2.58
1997: 4.26
1998: 6.32
1999: 9.13
2000: 14.3079
2001: 26.3259
2002: 30.18
2003: 36.14
2004: 39.15
2005: ... | The series peaks in 2024, at 88.65 %. The lowest point shown is 1995, at 1.64 %. | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification:
1. **Scan the data points** to identify the maximum value:
* The values generally increase from 1.64 in 1995.
* There is a notable dip in 2015 (78.006) compared to 2014 (83.7511).
* The values rise again after 2015.
* Comparing the rec... | truncated_axis_honest | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | extremum | World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database - International Telecommunication Union (ITU), via World Bank (2026) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-individuals-using-the-internet?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Chart: Carbon intensity: CO₂ emissions per dollar of GDP — South Africa
Type: bar
X axis: Year, 1990 to 2022
Y axis: kilograms per international-$, displayed range 0.4992 to 1.4639. It does not start at zero.
Plotted values:
1990: 1.3309
1991: 1.3706
1992: 1.2631
1993: 1.2959
1994: 1.2935
1995: 1.3031
19... | Reading the plotted point for 2016, annual co₂ emissions per gdp (kg per international-$) in South Africa was 0.65 kg/$. | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the chart specification:
The annual CO₂ emissions per GDP in South Africa in **2016** was **0.6524 kg per international-$**.
**Analysis of Chart Mechanics:**
The data values show a clear downward trend from 1.3309 in 1990 to 0.5926 in 2022. The Y-axis range is set from 0.4992 t... | truncated_axis_honest | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | value_lookup | Global Carbon Budget (2025); Bolt and van Zanden – Maddison Project Database 2023 | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co2-intensity?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Source: Military spending as a share of GDP. Region: Germany. Rendered as a bar chart.
Years 1990 through 2024. Y axis in % of GDP, displayed 0 to 2.7073.
Plotted values:
1990: 2.5068
1991: 1.9738
1992: 1.8361
1993: 1.6773
1994: 1.5366
1995: 1.4873
1996: 1.4574
1997: 1.4027
1998: 1.3817
1999: 1.380... | It moved from 2.51 % in 1990 to 1.84 % in 2024, a change of -0.67 % (-26.66%). | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification:
1. **Value in 1990:** 2.5068%
2. **Value in 2024:** 1.8386%
To find the change, subtract the 1990 value from the 2024 value:
$$1.8386 - 2.5068 = -0.6682$$
**Finding:**
Military expenditure as a share of GDP for Germany **decreased by 0.6682 percentage poin... | faithful | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | magnitude_of_change | Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (2026) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/military-spending-as-a-share-of-gdp-sipri?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Source: Share of population living in urban areas. Region: France. Rendered as a line chart.
Years 1990 through 2024. Y axis in %, displayed 0 to 85.104.
Plotted values:
1990: 74.0676
1991: 74.2198
1992: 74.4051
1993: 74.6169
1994: 74.8499
1995: 75.0991
1996: 75.3593
1997: 75.6252
1998: 75.8919
199... | The series peaks in 2024, at 78.8 %. The lowest point shown is 1990, at 74.07 %. | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification:
1. **Scan the data points** from 1990 to 2024 to identify the maximum value.
* The values show a general upward trend from 74.0676% in 1990.
* There is a period of slight decline/stagnation between 2004 (77.49%) and 2010 (77.0963%).
* From 2... | faithful | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | extremum | United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2025) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-urban?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Source: Military spending as a share of GDP. Region: Turkey. Rendered as a bar chart.
Years 1990 through 2024. Y axis in % of GDP, displayed 0 to 4.3755.
Plotted values:
1990: 3.5277
1991: 3.7544
1992: 3.8706
1993: 3.9214
1994: 4.0514
1995: 2.8148
1996: 3.0004
1997: 2.9536
1998: 3.1811
1999: 3.8772... | Higher in 1992. The chart gives 3.87 % for 1992 and 1.69 % for 2023, a difference of 2.19 %. | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification:
* **1992:** 3.8706%
* **2023:** 1.6853%
**Finding:**
Military expenditure as a share of GDP in Turkey was **higher in 1992**.
The value for 1992 (3.8706%) is more than double the value for 2023 (1.6853%). There is no indication in the provided text that ... | faithful | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | two_point_comparison | Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (2026) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/military-spending-as-a-share-of-gdp-sipri?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Source: Average years of schooling. Region: Brazil. Rendered as a line chart.
Years 1970 through 2020. Y axis in years, displayed 2.8126 to 8.5785. It does not start at zero. The axis is inverted, so larger values appear lower.
Plotted values:
1970: 3.28
1975: 2.87
1980: 3.05
1985: 4.12
1990: 4.94
1995: 5.... | Lie Factor -1.0, severe. The magnitude of the change is preserved but its direction is reversed by the inverted axis: the data rises while the chart falls. Any reader trusting the visual gets the sign wrong. | null | **Data Analysis**
First, we establish the numerical reality from the plotted values:
* **Start (1970):** 3.28 years
* **End (2020):** 8.00 years
* **Absolute Change:** +4.72 years
* **Percentage Change:** $(8.00 - 3.28) / 3.28 \approx +143.9\%$
* **True Trend:** Substantial **increase**.
**Visual Analysis**
Next, we a... | inverted_y_axis | severity | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | lie_factor | Barro and Lee (2015); Lee and Lee (2016) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/mean-years-of-schooling-long-run?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Electricity demand in Brazil, plotted as an area chart over 2000-2024.
Vertical scale: terawatt-hours, running 0 to 817.8948.
Plotted values:
2000: 391.92
2001: 366.4
2002: 382.28
2003: 402.58
2004: 424.87
2005: 442.11
2006: 460.61
2007: 483.98
2008: 505.39
2009: 506.15
2010: 550.45
2011: 567.6... | The chart shows that the change happened: electricity demand moves to 550.45 TWh in 2010. It does not carry any information about why. This is a single measured series with no covariates, policy dates, or events attached, so any cause I named would be supplied from outside the chart rather than read from it. | null | The specification cannot answer what caused the change in electricity demand around 2010. The data consists solely of yearly demand values and formatting details; it contains no covariates, policy dates, or contextual events to explain the drivers behind the numbers.
However, working from the values, the specification... | faithful | unanswerable | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | causal_attribution | Ember (2026) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/electricity-demand?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Share of population living in urban areas in Peru, plotted as a scatter chart over 1990-2024.
Vertical scale: %, running 68.1178 to 86.0043. It does not start at zero. The axis is inverted, so larger values appear lower.
Plotted values:
1990: 68.9308
1991: 69.3117
1992: 69.7001
1993: 70.0998
1994: 70.5003
... | It is increasing. The chart reads as decreasing because the y-axis is inverted, with larger values placed lower. Taking the values as plotted, the series moves from 68.93 % to 85.19 %, a change of +23.59%. | null | Based on the plotted values, the share of the population living in urban areas in Peru is **rising**, steadily increasing from 68.9308% in 1990 to 85.1913% in 2024.
However, the chart's visual representation reverses this trend. Because the vertical axis is inverted (larger values appear lower), the plotted points wi... | inverted_y_axis | contradicted | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | visual_claim_check | United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2025) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-urban?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
Source: Average years of schooling. Region: Brazil. Rendered as a line chart.
Years 1970 through 2020. Y axis in years, displayed 2.234 to 8.806. It does not start at zero.
Plotted values:
1970: 3.28
1975: 2.87
1980: 3.05
1985: 4.12
1990: 4.94
1995: 5.79
2000: 6.76
2005: 7.67
2010: 8.17
2015: 7.66
... | Higher in 1995. The chart gives 4.12 years for 1985 and 5.79 years for 1995, a difference of 1.67 years. | null | Based on the plotted values provided in the specification:
* **1985**: 4.12 years
* **1995**: 5.79 years
**Finding:**
The average years of schooling in Brazil was higher in **1995**.
**Analysis of Chart Mechanics:**
The question asks to verify if the visual representation (a line chart with a Y-axis starting at ... | truncated_axis_honest | supported | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... | two_point_comparison | Barro and Lee (2015); Lee and Lee (2016) | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/mean-years-of-schooling-long-run?csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false | You read charts presented as specifications: the plotted values plus how they are drawn. Before stating any finding, work from the values. If the way the chart is drawn overstates or reverses what the values show, give the correct figure and name the mechanism. If the specification cannot answer the question, say what ... |
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