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a recent systematic analysis showed that in 2011 , 314 ( 296 - 331 ) million children younger than 5 years were mildly , moderately or severely stunted and 258 ( 240 - 274 ) million were mildly , moderately or severely underweight in the developing countries .
in iran a study among 752 high school girls in sistan and b... | background : the present study was carried out to assess the effects of community nutrition intervention based on advocacy approach on malnutrition status among school - aged children in shiraz , iran.materials and methods : this case - control nutritional intervention has been done between 2008 and 2009 on 2897 prima... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Participants
Instruments
Procedure
First step
Second step
Third step
Forth step
Interventions
Fifth step (assessment)
Data analysis
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION |
it occurs in more than 50% of patients and may reach 90% in certain types of cancers , especially in patients undergoing chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy.1 anemia is defined as an inadequate circulating level of hemoglobin ( hb ) ( hb < 12 g / dl ) and may arise as a result of the underlying disease , bleeding , p... | backgroundanemia in patients with cancer who are undergoing active therapy is commonly encountered and may worsen quality of life in these patients . the effect of blood transfusion is often temporary and may be associated with serious adverse events .
erythropoiesis - stimulating agents are not effective in 30%50% ... | Introduction
Patients and methods
Study design
Treatment
Assessment
Statistical analysis
Results
Discussion
Conclusion |
tardive dystonia ( td ) , a rarer side effect after longer exposure to antipsychotics , is characterized by local or general , sustained , involuntary contraction of a muscle or muscle group , with twisting movements , generally slow , which may affect the limbs , trunk , neck , or face .
td has been shown to develop i... | tardive dystonia ( td ) is a serious side effect of antipsychotic medications , more with typical antipsychotics , that is potentially irreversible in affected patients .
studies show that newer atypical antipsychotics have a lower risk of td . as a result , many clinicians may have developed a false sense of securi... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORT
DISCUSSION
Declaration of patient consent
Financial support and sponsorship
Conflicts of interest |
lepidoptera include agricultural pests that , through feeding and other activities , negatively affect stored grains , food and fiber crops [ 2 , 3 ] . since a single lepidoptera adult can produce hundreds of eggs , and their primary food source is typically plant material , they can cause significant damage to agricul... | many lepidopteran insects are agricultural pests that affect stored grains , food and fiber crops .
these insects have negative ecological and economic impacts since they lower crop yield , and pesticides are expensive and can have off - target effects on beneficial arthropods
. a better understanding of lepidopte... | 1. Introduction
2. Insect Immunity
3. Signaling Pathways Involved in Antimicrobial Peptide Gene Expression
3.1. Induction of AMP Genes by the NF-kB Family of Transcription Factors
3.2. Recognition and Proteolytic Cascades
3.3. Toll Pathway
3.4. IMD Pathway
4. Conclusions |
syncope is caused by transient diffuse cerebral hypoperfusion and is characterized by transient loss of consciousness with a rapid onset followed by spontaneous and complete recovery .
clinical features of syncope may include myoclonic jerks which are often multifocal and asynchronous , convulsions , and urinary incont... | we present an unusual case of recurrent cough syncope in a 43-year - old woman , which was initially thought to be seizures .
syncopal episodes were triggered by paroxysms of cough and were characterized by unresponsiveness and myoclonic jerks in her extremities .
she had a left - sided glomus jugulare tumor that ... | Introduction
Case report
Discussion
Conflict of interest |
world - wide , infertility affects 1015% of couples who are trying to conceive , and about 15% of these cases are caused by male factors , which affect 1 out of 20 men in the general population .
most cases of male infertility are idiopathic , apart from several etiologies , such as obstruction of deferent duct , varic... | backgroundmicrornas ( mirnas ) play pivotal roles in spermatogenesis .
microrna-210 ( mir-210 ) expression was up - regulated in the testes of sterile men with non - obstructive azoospermia ( noa ) .
however , the underlying mechanisms of mir-210 involved in the spermatogenesis in patients with noa are unknown.mat... | Background
Material and Methods
Human testicular samples
Immunohistochemistry Staining
RNA extraction and real-time PCR
Western blotting
Cell lines/cell culture and transfection
Statistical analysis
Results
IGF2 located in spermatocytes in the testis of patients with OA
Down-regulation of IGF2 in testes of MA and hypos... |
midwife - led primary delivery care for low - risk pregnant women during labor has been reported to have various advantages , such as increased odds of high maternal satisfaction and a decrease of unnecessary medical interventions [ 18 ] .
although the maternity care system for low - risk pregnant women peculiar to... |
objective .
the objective of this study was to describe the recent clinical characteristics of labor using 3 systems of japanese midwife - led primary delivery care , as follows : ( 1 ) those intending to give birth at home managed by midwives who do not belong to our hospital , ( 2 ) those planning to give birth ... | 1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusion |
diabetes decreases the overall life expectancy and cause a heavy burden on public health ( 1 ) .
moreover , the asia - pacific region is considered to be on the verge of an emerging diabetes epidemic ( 2 ) .
the development of type 2 diabetes is affected by genetic and environmental determinants ( 3 ) .
recently , one ... | type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance , and enpp1 plays an important role in insulin resistance .
we investigated the association of the enpp1 k121q polymorphism with both diabetes and obesity ( body mass index [ bmi ] ) in korean male workers .
the study design was case - control .
subjects wer... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Subjects
DNA extraction and PCR
Statistical analysis
RESULTS
DISCUSSION |
lipid apheresis provides a safe and effective means of treating patients with severe hyperlipidemia . it
functions by first separating plasma from blood cells with a cell separator and then using either the adsorption of apolipoprotein b by affinity columns containing anti - apolipoprotein b antibodies or dextran sulph... | lipid apheresis is used to treat patients with severe hyperlipidemia by reducing low - density lipoprotein cholesterol ( ldl - c ) .
this study examines the effect of apheresis on the lipid panel and cardiac event rates before and after apheresis .
an electronic health record screen of ambulatory patients identifi... | 1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusion |
agenesis of the inferior vena cava ( ivc ) as a cause of recurrent deep vein thrombosis ( dvt ) is uncommon .
a 33-year - old male with no family history of thrombophilia , who had experienced multiple recurrent episodes of dvt over a 15-year period of unknown cause , was admitted into our hospital because of celluliti... | background : agenesis of the inferior vena cava ( ivc ) as a cause of recurrent deep vein thrombosis ( dvt ) is uncommon.case:a 33-year - old male with no family history of thrombophilia , who had experienced multiple recurrent episodes of dvt over a 15-year period of unknown cause , was admitted into our hospital bec... | Background:
Case:
Conclusion:
Background
Case
Conclusion |
an exponential rise in alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) prevalence rates is predicted to parallel the aging of baby boomers creating a potentially unsustainable economic burden to the healthcare system . delaying the onset or progression of ad , even modestly , by earlier pharmacological intervention could substantially r... | we examined the usefulness of brief neuropsychological tests and serum a as a predictive test for detecting mci / ad in older adults .
serum a levels were measured from 208 subjects who were cognitively normal at enrollment and blood draw .
twenty - eight of the subjects subsequently developed mci ( n = 18 ) or ad... | 1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusion |
null | we compared serum polychlorinated dibenzo - p - dioxins ( pcdds ) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans ( pcdfs ) among residents of two homes to levels among age- and sex - matched comparison subjects .
the residents of the two homes consumed contaminated eggs and beef from animals raised at the homes .
the animals h... | Images |
the wnt/-catenin pathway has been implicated in the development and progression of melanoma and a wide range of cancer types , including colorectal cancer , breast cancer , esophageal carcinoma , and liver cancer [ 13 ] . under normal conditions ,
increases in expression and binding of certain wnt ligands to frizzled... | we have previously demonstrated that rad6 and -catenin enhance each other 's expression through a positive feedback loop to promote breast cancer development / progression . while -catenin has been implicated in melanoma pathogenesis , rad6 function has not been investigated . here
, we examined the relationship bet... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusion |
the guanine heterocyclic
ring is rich in chemical reactivity toward
oxidants and adduct - forming species . in dna , 2-deoxyguanosine
( dg , mass = m ) is the chief site for base oxidation due
to its low redox potential leading to many products that are characterized
by their mass signatures .
the principal p... | upon oxidation of the heterocyclic
ring in 2-deoxyguanosine
( dg ) , the initial electrophilic intermediate displays
a wide range of reactivities with nucleophiles leading to many downstream
products . in the present study ,
the product profiles were mapped when
aqueous solutions of dg were allowed to reac... | Introduction
Results and Discussion
Conclusion
Experimental
Section |
a review of the literature and an extensive medline search revealed that this is the first case report of the use of guaifenesin to increase sperm motility .
he reported an inability to conceive with his wife after 18 months of unprotected intercourse .
a semen analysis was performed that included spermatozoa count , l... | backgrounda review of the literature and an extensive medline search revealed that this is the first case report of the use of guaifenesin to increase sperm motility.casea 32-year - old male presented for an infertility evaluation .
he reported an inability to conceive with his wife after 18 months of unprotected in... | Background
Case
Conclusion
Background
Case
Conclusion |
agriculture has been one of the primary economic avenues in the philippines contributing to about 20% to the gross domestic product ( gdp ) .
crops comprise about 47.56% of the total agricultural sector and have contributed to about 510 billion pesos ( p510b ) to the country 's national income .
benguet is a province... | this was a cross - sectional study that investigated pesticide exposure and its risk factors targeting vegetable farmers selected through cluster sampling .
the sampling size calculated with p = .05 was 211 vegetable farmers and 37 farms .
the mean usage of pesticide was 21.35 liters .
risk factors included dama... | 1. Introduction
2. Methodology
3. Results and Discussion
4. Discussion
5. Conclusion |
evans , using a mouse mutant for the lim homeodomain transcription factor ( islet1 , isl1 ) , demonstrated that an isl1 positive ( isl1 + ) population is localised in the secondary heart field ( shf ) , contributing to the outflow tract , right ventricle , atria and ( to a small extent ) the left ventricle .
isl1 is co... | cardiac progenitor cells are multipotent stem cells isolated from both embryonic and adult hearts in several species and are able to differentiate at least into smooth muscle cells , endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes .
the embryonic origin of these cells has not yet been demonstrated , but it has been suggested t... | Islet1 positive cells during heart development
Isl1 positive cells in the adult heart
Concluding remarks |
primary diffuse leptomeningeal gliomatosis ( pdlg ) is a rare neoplasm with a short survival time of a few months .
we report on a 53-year - old male patient who presented with epileptic seizures , gait disturbance , paraparesis and sensory deficits in the dermatomes t8 - 10 .
magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) reveali... | objectiveprimary diffuse leptomeningeal gliomatosis ( pdlg ) is a rare neoplasm with a short survival time of a few months .
there is currently no standardized therapeutic approach for pdlg.materials and methodswe report on a 53-year - old male patient who presented with epileptic seizures , gait disturbance , parap... | Objective
Materials and methods
Results
Conclusions
Introduction
Case Report
Discussion
Conflict of interests |
in past years , numerous studies have described the role of microalbuminuria ( mau ) as a predictor of cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) and death among subjects with type 2 diabetes ( t2d).13 mau is one of the earliest clinical signs for diabetic nephropathy and a significant risk factor for progression to proteinuria.1 ... | purpose : to investigate to what degree the presence of hypertension ( htn ) and poor glycemic control ( gc ) influences the likelihood of having microalbuminuria ( mau ) among cuban americans with type 2 diabetes ( t2d).methods : a cross - sectional study conducted in cuban americans ( n = 179 ) with t2d .
particip... | Introduction
Methods
Design
Study population
Study variables
Dietary assessment
Blood collection
Urinary albumin
Data analysis
Results
Discussion
Limitations of the study
Conclusion |
cancer is the second leading cause of mortality and morbidity in both developed and developing countries . in india ,
cancer prevalence is estimated around 2.5 million , with over 0.8 million new cases and 0.5 million deaths occurring each year .
there is an increase in the incidence of breast cancer and found to be gr... | introduction : breast cancer accounts for 19 - 34% of all cancer cases among women in india .
there is high mortality due to late stage diagnosis as patients usually present at an advanced stage because of lack of awareness and nonexistent breast cancer screening programs .
early detection and prompt treatment off... | INTRODUCTION
Purpose
Objectives
Hypotheses
Assumption
Variables
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Data collection instruments
Part 1
Part 2
Part 3
Data collection procedure
RESULT
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSIONS |
der p 1 was isolated from house dust mite fecal pellets ( allergon ) by a multistep procedure 6 involving immunoaffinity chromatography on immobilized anti
der p 1 mab ( clone 4c1 ; indoor biotechnologies ) , removal of contaminating serine proteases on immobilized soybean trypsin inhibitor ( sigma chemical co. ) , an... | the house dust mite dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergen der p 1 is the most immunodominant allergen involved in the expression of dust mite specific immunoglobulin ( ig)e mediated hypersensitivity .
the reason for this potent ige - eliciting property of der p 1 remains unknown , but there is mounting in vitro ... | Materials and Methods
Der p 1 Preparation.
CD25 Cleavage.
Immunization Protocol.
Antibody Detection.
Results and Discussion |
given the risk of paralysis associated with cervical transforaminal injection , is it time to reconsider transforaminal injections of the lumbar spine ?
arguments for discontinuing lumbar injections have been discussed in the anesthesia literature , raising concern about the risks of epidural steroid injections ( esis ... | backgroundgiven the risk of paralysis associated with cervical transforaminal injection , is it time to reconsider transforaminal injections of the lumbar spine ?
arguments for discontinuing lumbar injections have been discussed in the anesthesia literature , raising concern about the risks of epidural steroid injec... | Background
Methods
Results
Conclusions
Case report
Literature review
Discussion
Conclusion |
null | because of rampant concern that estrogenic chemicals in the environment may be adversely affecting the health of humans and wildlife , reliable methods for detecting and characterizing estrogenic chemicals are needed .
it is important that general agreement be reached on which tests to use and that these tests then ... | Images |
alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is clinically characterized by progressive mental decline and histopathologically defined by highly abundant amyloid deposits and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain parenchyma .
the identification of mutations within the amyloid precursor protein ( app ... | the amyloid cascade hypothesis remains a robust model of ad neurodegeneration .
however , amyloid deposits contain proteins besides a , such as apolipoprotein e ( apoe ) .
inheritance of the apoe4 allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for late - onset ad .
however , there is no consensus on how different a... | 1. Introduction
2. Background: ApoE as Amyloid Catalyst
3. Background: ApoE in A
4. Synthesis
5. A
6. Potential Efficacy and Dangers of A
7. Potential Toxic Mechanism of ApoE-Induced A
8. Conclusion |
musculoskeletal tissues show increased bone fragility , loss of cartilage resilience , reduced ligament elasticity , loss of muscular strength , and fat redistribution decreasing the ability of the tissues to carry out their normal functions .
the loss of mobility and physical independence resulting from arthropathies ... | musculoskeletal disorders are among the most common problems affecting the elderly .
the resulting loss of mobility and physical independence can be particularly devastating in this population .
the aim of this article is to present some of the most frequent musculoskeletal disorders of the elderly , such as fract... | INTRODUCTION
Search criteria
Fractures
Osteoarthritis and associated conditions
Microcrystal disorders
Infection
Paget's disease
CONCLUSION |
migraine is the leading neurological cause for seeking medical care , and is associated with significant disability in the sufferer .
the greatest impact is on migraineurs with headaches on more days than not , a condition defined as chronic migraine ( cm ) .
cm is defined as at least 15 days of headache per month in ... | although the association between episodic migraine and psychiatric comorbidities is well documented , few studies have focused on the comorbidity with chronic migraine ( cm ) and discrepancies exist between population - based and clinic - based data .
the objective of this study is to compare demographic and psychia... | Introduction
Methods
Population study
Clinic study
Statistical analysis
Results
Discussion |
m1dg ( 3-(2-deoxy--d - erythro - pentofuranosyl)-pyrimido[1,2-]purine-10(3h)-one ) is one of many endogenous exocyclic lesions derived
from the reaction of dna with bifunctional electrophiles generated
by lipid , protein , or dna peroxidation .
being an endogenous constituent
of human and rodent genomes , m1dg is... | oxidative stress triggers dna and lipid peroxidation ,
leading to
the formation of electrophiles that react with dna to form adducts .
a product of this pathway , ( 3-(2-deoxy--d - erythro - pentofuranosyl)-pyrimido[1,2-]purine-10(3h)-one ) , or m1dg , is mutagenic in bacterial and
mammalian cells and is rep... | Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results
Discussion |
a 60-year - old woman ( height , 162 cm ; weight , 61 kg ) visited pain clinic with tactile allodynia and electric shock - like pain in the left dorsal scapular area around the t3 dermatome , which had been diagnosed as phn about 1 month previously and attack of the herpes zoster was 1 year ago .
the 100-mm visual anal... | although postherpetic neuralgia ( phn ) is a common chronic pain syndrome , the pathophysiology of this disorder is not well known and management is often very difficult .
n - methyl - d - aspartate ( nmda ) receptor antagonists are known to be effective in phn , and magnesium , a physiological blocker of nmda recep... | CASE REPORT
DISCUSSION |
central retinal vein occlusion ( crvo ) is a common sight - threatening vascular disease with prevalence rates ranging from 0.1%1 to 0.5%2 in the older adult population .
crvo is characterized by occlusion of the central retinal vein and consecutive damming of the venous blood flow .
the occlusion may occur at the leve... | purposeto evaluate the association between the size of peripheral retinal nonperfusion and the number of intravitreal ranibizumab injections in patients with treatment - nave central retinal vein occlusion ( crvo).methodsfifty - four patients with treatment - nave crvo and macular edema were included .
each patient ... | Introduction
Methods
Patient selection
Image acquisition
Image processing and analysis
Data collection
Statistical analysis
Results
Discussion
Conclusion |
small bowel obstruction ( sbo ) is one of the most feared complications after a gastric bypass . it can be chronic or acute and can range from a nuisance to the patient to a life - threatening emergency
sbos related to adhesions occur after laparoscopic roux - en - y gastric bypass ( lgb ) , but ih formation , secondar... | background and objectives : there is a wide variation of reported incidence of small bowel obstruction ( sbo ) after laparoscopic roux - en - y gastric bypass ( lgb ) .
there is also wide variation in technique , not only in placement of the roux limb , but also regarding closure or nonclosure of the mesenteric defe... | INTRODUCTION
METHODS
Surgical Technique
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSIONS |
the following section describes the treatment procedure for patients with deep infection following tka using modified static spacers .
the original prosthesis was removed , followed by intensive irrigation and wide debridement of the infected soft tissue . a 36 fr - diameter straight thoracic catheter ( mallinckrodt me... | the two - stage exchange arthroplasty ( one- or two - stage ) is believed to be the gold standard for the management of infections following total knee arthroplasty .
we herein report a novel two - stage exchange arthroplasty technique using an antibiotic - impregnated cement intramedullary nail , which can be easil... | SURGICAL TECHNIQUE
DISCUSSION |
mental fatigue is common and can be a disabling long - time condition following a stroke .
it has been estimated that about 3070% of stroke survivors complain of fatigue [ 17 ] . even for those with an almost recovered stroke and without neurological and neuropsychological impairments ,
the person who suffers from ment... | mental fatigue is for many a distressing and long - term problem after stroke .
this mental fatigue will make it more difficult for the person to return to work and previous activities .
the intention with this study is to investigate mental fatigue in relation to depression and cognitive functions .
we examined... | 1. Background
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion |
cigarette smoke ( cs ) is associated with the development of inflammation - related diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and vascular diseases , including atherosclerosis and stroke .
several studies have revealed that cs is a major contributor to vascular diseases because it accelerates the developme... | cigarette smoke is considered a major risk factor for vascular diseases .
there are many toxic compounds in cigarette smoke , including acrolein and other ,-unsaturated aldehydes , which are regarded as mediators of inflammation and vascular dysfunction .
furthermore , recent studies have revealed that acrolein , ... | Introduction
Materials and methods
Results
Discussion
Conflicts of interest |
4cl4-coumarate : coa ligasecas9crispr - associated protein 9crisprclustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeatsctcondensed tanningrnaguide rnammillionpamprotospacer adjacent motifpol iiirna polymerase iiirnairna interferencernaseribonucleasesnpsingle nucleotide polymorphisms / g ligninsyringyl - to - guai... | abstractthe crispr / cas9 technology is a welcome breakthrough for genome editing , owing to its precision , efficiency , versatility and ease of adoption .
we recently reported the first application of crispr / cas9 for biallelic mutations in stably transformed populus , extending the species range of this powerful... | ABBREVIATIONS
None
HIGH-EFFICIENCY GENOME EDITING OF
PRECISION EDITING BY CRISPR/CAS9
HARNESSING SEQUENCE POLYMORPHISMS OF OUTCROSSING SPECIES FOR EFFICIENT CRISPR/CAS9 EDITING
CONCLUDING REMARKS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS
DISCLOSURE OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
Funding |
like co@fe3o4 , which recently underwent extensive study to
elucidate both the
oxidative stability of the core and the phase of the shell , fept@fe3o4 core
shell
nanoparticles can be used as building blocks to form nanocomposites
with enhanced magnetic properties with the potential for novel applications .
t... | the chemical composition of core shell
nanoparticle clusters
have been determined through principal component analysis ( pca ) and
independent component analysis ( ica ) of an energy - dispersive x - ray
( edx ) spectrum image ( si ) acquired in a scanning transmission electron
microscope ( stem ) .
the m... | Materials and Methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusions |
ionic calcium ( ca ) controls multiple cellular signaling processes in all eukaryotic cells , including proliferation , gene expression , and neurotransmitter release .
ca - binding proteins such as calmodulin play a pivotal role in ca signal transmission and amplification .
increases in the concentration of intracellu... | ca2+/calmodulin - dependent protein kinase ii ( camkii ) functions both in regulation of insulin secretion and neurotransmitter release through common downstream mediators .
therefore , we hypothesized that pancreatic - cells acquire and store the information contained in calcium pulses as a form of metabolic memo... | Introduction
Materials and methods
Results and discussion |
health is not only related to the absence of the disease , therefore we need to conceptualize and operationalize what health is . increasingly , we have come to understand that information about functional status is needed in order to appreciate the full picture regarding the health of an individual or a population .
a... | a common framework for describing functional status information ( fsi ) in health records is needed in order to make this information comparable and of value .
the world health organization 's ( who 's ) international classification of functioning , disability and health ( icf ) , which has been approved by all its ... | Introduction
New Language of Health and Functioning
Classification of Functional Status
Conclusion |
the centers for disease control and prevention ( cdc ) and united states preventive services task force ( uspstf ) recommend universal hiv screening for all pregnant women entering prenatal care [ 1 , 2 ] .
this screening enables hiv - infected women and their infants to benefit from appropriate and timely intervention... |
objective . to examine risk factors for false positive hiv enzyme immunoassay ( eia ) testing at delivery
. study design .
a review of pregnant women who delivered at parkland hospital between 2005 and 2008 was performed .
patients routinely received serum hiv eia testing at delivery , with positive results ... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Comment |
childhood obesity is a serious and growing public health problem that has arisen over the past three decades .
the increasing occurrence of disorders such as type 2 diabetes during childhood is believed to be a consequence of this obesity epidemic .
in addition to several behavioral and dietary risk factors , genetic... | the present study was designed to explore the effects of gas6 and axl gene polymorphisms on adiposity , systemic inflammation , and insulin resistance in adolescents .
after multistage sampling from the data of the taipei children heart study - iii , we collected 358 boys and 369 girls with an average age of 13.3 ye... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion |
infertility is one of the crucial and critical events in sex life which engages 1015% of couples all over the world , and as one of the most distressful life experiences , exposes couples to social and psychological problems .
couples , who are faced with this critical situation , are prone to depression , anxiety , lo... | introduction : the process of assisted reproductive treatment is a stressful situation in the treatment of infertile couples and it would harm the mental health of women .
fertile women who started infertility treatment due to male factor infertility have reported to experience less stress and depression than other ... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSIONS
Financial support and sponsorship
Conflicts of interest |
balance impairment is an important fall - risk factor , and increases in range of postural sway in the mediolateral direction in older adults are associated with increased fall - risk and rates .
postural sway has been shown in older adults to be strongly related to other measures of balance .
multivariate analysis rev... |
introduction .
low serum vitamin d levels are associated with increased postural sway .
vitamin d varies seasonally .
this study investigates whether postural sway varies seasonally and is associated with serum vitamin d and falls
. methods . in a longitudinal observational study , eighty - eight independent... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Limitations
6. Conclusion |
since the dawn of history , nature and natural sources , such as plants , animals , microbes , and minerals have remained a veritable source of bioactive compounds with medicinal values . among these sources , plants have been the most explored and exploited for their bioactive medicinal components .
lead compounds or... | backgroundthe abortifacient claim of senna alata ( s. alata ) was scientifically validated recently with alkaloids speculated to be the bioactive agent .
this speculation is yet to be substantiated or refuted by scientific evidence .
the present study was aimed to investigate the pregnancy terminating effects of t... | Introduction
Methods
Plant material and authentication
Chemicals and reagents
Animals
Extraction of alkaloids
Analysis of the alkaloids
Analysis of abortifacient activity
Determination of estrogenic/anti-estrogenic activities
Preparation of serum and uterine homogenates
Determination of some reproductive hormones
Stati... |
erg protein expression has been recently suggested to be reflective of erg gene rearrangements in prostate cancer ( pca ) documenting remarkable concordance between the two [ 16 ] .
the rearrangements between the androgen receptor - regulated gene tmprss2 ( 21q22.3 ) and members of the ets family member of transcriptio... |
background .
the prognostic significance of erg expression in prostate cancer ( pca ) has generated mixed results .
we sought to investigate the prognostic significance of erg expression in a localized cohort of men with pca .
material and methods .
we investigated erg protein expression in a cohort of 198 m... | 1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion |
the three main arteries of the leg , the anterior tibial artery ( ata ) , posterior tibial artery and peroneal artery , form a dense vascular network around the distal leg , ankle , and foot , which ramifies perforators as the basis of all kinds of pedicle flaps such as lateral or medial malleolar perforator flaps .
th... | purpose : a further understanding of the anterior supramalleolar artery ( asma ) and its potential applications in reconstructive surgery.materials and methods : a total of 24 fresh lower limbs from fresh cadavers were injected with red latex for dissection . the type of origin , course , diameter of the pedicle , and... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSIONS |
ankle dorsiflexion passive range of motion ( df prom ) measurements are performed in the
field of physical therapy to estimate ankle motion during functional activities1 and to prevent lower extremity injuries2 .
although in the clinical setting , ankle df
prom is frequently measured under non - weight - bearing ( ... | [ purpose ] the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of gastrocnemius
stretching combined with talocrural joint mobilization on weight - bearing ankle
dorsiflexion passive range of motion .
[ subjects ] eleven male subjects with bilateral
limited ankle dorsiflexion passive range of motion with k... | INTRODUCTION
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION |
dox is one of the key chemotherapeutic drugs for cancer treatment , but its use is limited by chronic and acute toxic side effects .
dox is an antibiotic anthracycline that was isolated from a pigment of streptomyces peucetius in the early 1960s and it had been employed for more than 30 years in the battle against canc... | nephrotoxicity is one of the limiting factors for using doxorubicin ( dox ) .
interleukin 1 has major role in dox - induced nephrotoxicity , so we investigated the effect of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist diacerein ( dia ) on dox - induced nephrotoxicity .
dia ( 25 and 50 mg / kg / day ) was administered orall... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusion |
suicide is a leading cause of death among adolescents and has become a significant public health issue globally ( 1 ) .
statistics korea report 2014 showed that suicide is the cause of 28.4% of adolescent deaths in 2013 , and it was the number one cause of death among adolescents ( 2 ) .
furthermore , suicide is the se... | suicide is a leading cause of death among adolescents globally , and body weight is also a recognized reason for adolescent suicide .
therefore , we investigated the association between weight control behaviors ( wcb ) and suicide ideation and attempt , focusing on inappropriate weight control measures .
we used d... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Data and participants
Variables
Statistical analyses
Ethics statement
RESULTS
DISCUSSION |
in the past 15 years , green fluorescent protein ( gfp ) has changed from a nearly unknown protein to a commonly used molecular imaging tool in biology , chemistry , genetics , and medicine . in 2006 , more than 10 000 papers
gfps and gfp - like proteins ( i.e. , chromoproteins and fluorescent proteins ) are particula... | green fluorescent protein ( gfp ) and gfp - like fluorescent proteins owe their photophysical properties to an autocatalytically formed intrinsic chromophore . according to quantum mechanical calculations ,
the excited state of chromophore model systems has significant dihedral freedom , which may lead to fluorescen... | Introduction
Experimental Section
Results and Discussion
Conclusion |
fnas represent an advantageous , effective means to obtain diagnostic cellular material as they can often sample a wide area of the target lesion , acquire tumor cells with lower contamination by background stromal connective tissue elements , and allow for immediate assessment during rapid on - site evaluation ( rose ... | in this era of precision medicine , our understanding and knowledge of the molecular landscape associated with lung cancer pathogenesis continues to evolve .
this information is being increasingly exploited to treat advanced stage lung cancer patients with tailored , targeted therapy . during the management of these... | FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION SPECIMEN PROCESSING
EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR
ANAPLASTIC LYMPHOMA KINASE
EMERGING MOLECULAR GENETIC BIOMARKERS
CONCLUDING THOUGHTS |
these tumors are classified as typical net ( tnet ) , goblet cell carcinoid ( gcc ) , and atypical gcc histologies .
ex - goblet or composite - goblet are further classified into signet ring cell carcinoid ( srcc ) and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoid of the appendix .
these tumors have a distinctive morphology sho... | purposeappendiceal tumors are a heterogeneous group of diseases that include typical neuroendocrine tumors ( tnet ) , goblet cell carcinoids ( gcc ) , and atypical gcc .
atypical gcc are classified into signet - ring cell cancers ( srcc ) and poorly differentiated appendiceal adenocarcinoids .
the prognosis and ma... | Introduction
Materials and Methods
1. Patients
2. Statistical analysis
Results
1. Characteristics of patients with TNET, GCC, and SRCC
2. Survival outcome of patients with TNET, GCC, and SRCC
Discussion
Conclusion |
null | we have prepared two new diastereoisomeric
2-aza-5-phosphabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes
from naturally occurring trans-4-hydroxy - l - proline in six chemical operations .
these syntheses are concise
and highly efficient , with straightforward purification . when we used
these chiral phosphines as catalysts for rea... | Supplementary Material |
igg4-rd is a newly recognized fibroinflammatory condition of unknown etiology characterized by tumefactive lesions , dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltration rich in igg4-positive plasma cells , storiform fibrosis and an elevated serum igg4 level [ 13 ] .
the kidney is one of the organs commonly affected by igg4-rd , and t... | we report a case of igg4-related disease ( igg4-rd ) diagnosed after 3 years of follow - up for idiopathic membranous nephropathy ( mn ) .
mn has been considered as glomerular lesion of igg4-related kidney diseases in recent years and was diagnosed simultaneously with or after a diagnosis of igg4-rd in previously re... | Background
Case report
Discussion |
treatment duration lasts for months , and is often fraught with potentially dangerous side effects . some of these side effects , such as influenza - like illness , myalgias , depression , and cytopenias can be intolerable resulting in premature treatment cessation , but have no lasting effects .
ocular complications a... | purposeto evaluate retinopathy associated with interferon therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis c.methodsone hundred patients with chronic hepatitis c undergoing interferon therapy were examined for the presence of cotton wool spots , retinal hemorrhages , cystoid macular edema , capillary non - perfusion , and a... | Introduction
Patients and methods
Treatment protocol
Follow-up
Results
Discussion
Conclusion |
nathan , as an oncology fellow , knew well that white blood cells fought infections .
this was an experiment repeated in front of us all the time , he says : chemotherapy lowered his patients ' white blood cells and increased their risk of infections .
mackaness had shown that macrophage activation did not depend on ... | t cells tell macrophages when to start making the toxic soup of lysosomal enzymes , reactive oxygen species , and nitric oxide that destroys intracellular pathogens . in 1983
, carl nathan proved that this start signal comes in the form of the secreted cytokine ifn. | The elusive eluate
Back on track |
was initiated by our team about a decade ago , and this has been continued at the medical research center , kasturba health society , mumbai .
the comparative effects of three plant products on perimenopausal symptoms , quality of life ( qol ) and clinical biochemistry have been reported by our group earlier .
our obse... | objective : to determine the prevalence of premenstrual cyclic symptoms in perimenopausal age.subjects and methods : women attending bhavan 's sparc maitreyi 's health care programme ( hcp ) for women around 40 years of age were included in the study . last 200 women who attended from april 2002 to october 2004 are in... | INTRODUCTION
Objective
METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
Management Strategies
Effect on Work and QOL
CONCLUSION |
according to the korean national statistical office , the main cause of death in korea was cancer in 2012 .
the total number of deaths due to cancer in 2012 was 267,221 , which was increased by 9,825 ( 3.8% ) compared to 2011.1 this was the all - time high since 1983 .
currently , the treatment of cancer patients in th... | the number of death due to cancer has been increasing in korea .
chemotherapy is known to cause side effects because it damages not only cancerous cells but healthy cells . recently
, attention has focused on food - derived chemopreventive and anti - tumor agents or formulations with fewer side effects .
kimchi ... | INTRODUCTION
ANTICANCER EFFECTS OF KIMCHI
PROBIOTIC LACTIC ACID BACTERIA IN KIMCHI
Weissella cibaria
Lactobacillus plantarum
CONCLUSION |
a glomangioma is a benign vascular tumor derived from the glomus body , a specialized neuromyoarterial structure involved in thermal regulation .
it is a subtype of the more generalized category of glomus tumors and should not be confused with the head and neck paragangliomas , such as the glomus tympanicum or glomus... | oncogenic osteomalacia ( oo ) is an uncommon but treatable cause of osteomalacia related to tumor production of fgf23 , usually caused by benign mesenchymal neoplasms .
paranasal sinus glomangiomas are a rare cause of oo , with only one previously reported case . here
we describe a second case ( first reported in ... | Introduction
Case Report
Discussion |
gestational trophoblastic disease describes a number of gynecologic tumors that originate in trophoblastic layer including hydatidiform mole ( complete or partial ) , invasive mole , choriocarcinoma , placental site trophoblastic tumor and epitheloid trophoblastic tumor .
invasive mole may arise from any pregnancy even... | background : invasive mole is responsible for most cases of localized gestational trophoblastic neoplasia .
gestational trophoblastic disease describes a number of gynecologic tumors that originate in trophoblastic layer including hydatidiform mole ( complete or partial ) , invasive mole , choriocarcinoma , placenta... | Background:
Case Presentation:
Discussion:
Introduction
Case Presentation
Discussion
Conclusion |
an expanded research design and methods section and supplementary figures can be found in an online data supplement available at http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/full/db09-1293/dc1 .
details on glucose and insulin tolerance testing , plasma insulin level determination , lipid metabolite measurement , me... | objectiveit has been proposed that skeletal muscle insulin resistance arises from the accumulation of intramyocellular lipid metabolites that impede insulin signaling , including diacylglycerol and ceramide .
we determined the role of de novo ceramide synthesis in mediating muscle insulin resistance.research design ... | RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
RESULTS
Chronic high-fat feeding results in dramatic weight gain, whole-body insulin resistance, and altered substrate preference.
Inhibition of de novo ceramide synthesis via pharmacological inhibition of SPT1 reverses diet-induced insulin resistance.
Inhibition of de novo ceramide synthesi... |
antibodies against amp kinase ( ampk ) , phosporylated ampk ( pampk ) , acetyl coa carboxylase ( acc ) , phosporylated acc , akt , phosporylated akt , and tubulin were from cell signaling ; anti - oxphos was from mitosciences ; anti
cd36-[hrp ] was purchased from novus biologicals , and human recombinant insulin ( nov... | objectivealthough advanced age is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes , a clear understanding of the changes that occur during middle age that contribute to the development of skeletal muscle insulin resistance is currently lacking .
therefore , we sought to investigate how middle age impacts skeletal muscle fatty aci... | RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Reagents.
Mice.
Metabolic analysis in vivo.
Determination of skeletal muscle triglycerides, long-chain acyl-CoA, and ceramides.
Metabolic profiling.
Statistical analysis.
RESULTS
Age-induced slowing of metabolic rate increases susceptibility to metabolic disease.
Age-induced alterations in f... |
sarcopenia is present in approximately 513% of persons over the age of 60 years and defined as the loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength with progressive decline in mobility and function .
the pathogenesis of sarcopenia is associated with many intrinsic and extrinsic factors , including proinflammatory cytokine acc... | sarcopenia has been defined as the aging - related disease with the declined mass , strength , and function of skeletal muscle , which is the major cause of frailty and falls in elders .
the activation of inflammatory signal pathways due to diseases and aging is suggested to reveal the critical impact on sarcopenia ... | 1. Inflammation System during Sarcopenia
2. MicroRNA- (miRNA-) Mediated Inflammation and Skeletal Muscle Loss
3. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Opportunity |
temporary henna tattoos or pseudotattoo have become increasingly widespread among children and adolescent , as a safe and economic alternative to permanent tattoos .
it is well - known that allergic skin reactions to natural henna are rare , due to its extremely low rate of sensitization . in india , north of africa , ... | temporary henna tattoos or pseudotattoos have become increasingly widespread among children and adolescent . a generalized skin reaction , type erythema multiforme - like reaction is unusual , and rarely reported .
we describe the case of a 7-year - old boy who reported erythematous papular bulls - eye shaped lesion... | Introduction
Case Report
Discussion |
the romaleidae family accounts for more than 200 species of grasshoppers comprising three subfamilies : romaleinae , aucacrinae and trybliophorinae .
it is the second most diverse family of the superfamily acridoidea occurring from semiarid regions to tropical rainforests ( carbonell , 1977 ; roberts and carbonell , 19... | in this study , two species of romaleidae grasshoppers , radacridium mariajoseae and r.nordestinum , were analyzed after cma3/da / dapi sequential staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization ( fish ) to determine the location of the 18s and 5s rdna and histone h4 genes . both species presented karyotypes composed ... | Introduction
Material and Methods
Results
Discussion |
the relation between chronic subclinical low - grade inflammation and insulin resistance ( ir ) has long been known [ 1 , 2 ] .
ir is the major contributor and mediating factor in the development of type 2 dm ( t2 dm ) along with concomitant hypertension ( ht ) and cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) [ 3 , 4 ] .
the relatio... | fasting plasma glucose ( fpg ) and hemoglobin a1c ( hba1c ) have been used to diagnose new - onset diabetes mellitus ( dm ) in order to simplify the diagnostic tests compared with the 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test ( ogtt ; 2-hpg ) .
we aimed to identify optimal cut - off points of high sensitive c - reactive pr... | 1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions |
. they can be caused by mutations in nuclear genes either relating to mitochondrial components or mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) .
the prevalence of mitochondrial diseases due to mutations in mtdna and related nuclear genes is estimated to be 1 in 5000 .
mutations in mtdna are much higher than those in the related nuclear... | background : mitochondrial diseases are a group of energy metabolic disorders with multisystem involvements .
variable clinical features present a major challenge in pediatric diagnoses .
we summarized the clinical spectrum of m.3243a > g mutation in chinese pediatric patients , to define the common clinical manif... | I
M
Subjects
Mitochondrial DNA analysis
Statistic analysis
R
Clinical features of patients
Correlation between m.3243A>G mutation ratio and onset age
Clinical symptom frequency of patients with different mutation ratio
D
Financial support and sponsorship
Conflicts of interest |
prolonged exposure to microgravity has significant effects on physiological conditions . many studies have investigated the effects of microgravity on the neuromuscular system .
most of these studies have focused on skeletal muscle changes under microgravity . however , to the best of our knowledge , there is limited r... | background : few studies have focused on peripheral nerve conduction during exposure to microgravity . the 6 head - down tilt ( hdt ) comprises an experimental model used to simulate the space flight environment .
this study investigated nerve conduction characteristics of rhesus monkeys before and after prolonged e... | I
M
Ethics statement
Animals
Nerve conduction studies
Statistical analysis
R
D
Financial support and sponsorship
Conflicts of interest |
a 55 year - old man visited our emergency department because of increasing frequency of chest pain .
he had undergone off - pump coronary artery bypass grafting ( cabg ) 10 years ago because of unstable angina associated with three vessel coronary artery disease . at the initial operation , the in situ right internal t... | we report a redo coronary artery bypass grafting ( cabg ) in a 55-year - old man .
angina recurred 7 years after the initial surgery .
coronary angiography showed all patent grafts except a faint visualization of the in situ right gastroepiploic artery ( rgea ) graft , which was anastomosed to the posterior descen... | CASE REPORT
DISCUSSION |
to report a case of inadvertent anterior chamber and cornea stromal injection with high dose antibiotics and steroids during cataract operation .
during cataract operation on a 78 year - old female patient , high dose gentamicin ( 20 mg/0.5 ml ) and dexamethasone ( 2 mg/0.5 ml ) were inadvertently injected into the ant... | purposeto report a case of inadvertent anterior chamber and cornea stromal injection with high dose antibiotics and steroids during cataract operation.methodsduring cataract operation on a 78 year - old female patient , high dose gentamicin ( 20 mg/0.5 ml ) and dexamethasone ( 2 mg/0.5 ml ) were inadvertently injected... | Purpose
Methods
Results
Conclusions
Case Report
Discussion |
autosomal - dominant polycystic kidney disease ( adpkd ) is characterized by cyst formation and occurs primarily in the kidneys . due to the replacement of the normal renal parenchyma , adpkd results in end - stage renal failure in 45% of patients .
approximately 711% of patients receiving renal replacement therapy in ... | little is known about the association between autosomal - dominant polycystic kidney disease ( adpkd ) and coronary artery dissection ( cad ) .
we suggest that the genetic disorder in adpkd is the main cause of instable artery vasculature .
our case also shows that cad can be missed in the acute phase .
therefor... | Background
Case report
Discussion |
optimal treatment of cancers in children often requires combined - modality therapy , including : chemotherapy , surgery , and/or radiotherapy .
chemotherapy is not always sufficient to achieve the cure of solid tumors in children ; either resection or radiation may be needed for local tumor control as well ( 1 ) .
chi... | treatment of cancer in children often requires a combination of chemotherapy , surgery , and/or radiotherapy .
radiotherapy and chemotherapy are not painful processes , but children undergoing these procedures must be made motionless through anesthesia or sedation .
there are a few reports of complications during ... | Introduction
Case presentation
Discussion
Conclusions |
annually , more than 2.5 million muslims from about 140 countries go on the hajj pilgrimage , which is the largest mass gathering in the world .
the presence of such a vast number of people in the holy places , especially in the cities of mecca and medina , and the massive pilgrim crowds in certain places at certain ti... | background : respiratory tract infections are very common among the hajj pilgrims . some preventive measures including influenza vaccination , using face mask and salt water gargling have been considered to control these infections and the reports show conflicting results about the effects of each one of these measure... | INTRODUCTION
METHODS
Design
Definition and measures
Statistical analysis
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSIONS |
care coordination is an important aspect of nursing care especially for elderly patients admitted to an acute care setting . in singapore care coordination and transitional care nursing is a new concept of care nevertheless important but unexplored .
the objective of this paper is to explore the characteristics of elde... | introductioncare coordination is an important aspect of nursing care especially for elderly patients admitted to an acute care setting . in singapore care coordination and transitional care nursing is a new concept of care nevertheless important but unexplored.aim/objectivesthe objective of this paper is to explore th... | Introduction
Aim/objectives
Research design and sampling
Result
Discussion
Conclusion |
the irrevocable aim of endodontics is a three - dimensional unblemished seal of the root canal system which is achieved by perfect designing of the canal diameter and canal form .
the biomechanical preparation is one of the major steps for removal of bacteria and debris in the root canal so as to achieve a successful e... | introduction : the objective of this study was to evaluate dentinal defects formed by new rotary system protaper next ( ptn).materials and methods : sixty single - rooted premolars were selected .
all specimens were decoronated and divided into four groups , each group having 15 specimens .
group i specimens were... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Sectioning and Microscopic Evaluation
Statistical Analysis
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
Limitations
CONCLUSIONS |
batch processes are used in production of many low - volume but high - value - added products ( such as speciality chemicals , health care , food , agrochemicals, etc . ) because of operation flexibility in today 's market - driven environment .
in addition , if two or more products require similar processing steps , ... | optimal design problem are widely known by their multiple performance measures that are often competing with each other . in this paper ,
an optimal multiproduct batch chemical plant design is presented . the design is firstly formulated as a multiobjective optimization problem , to be solved using the well suited n... | 1. Introduction
2. Formulation of the Multiobjective Problem
3. Elitist Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II)
4. Description of the Process
5. Results and Discussion
6. Conclusion |
since the introduction of extra - oral implants in reconstruction of craniofacial defects , achieving proper prosthesis retention has become more promising .
these problems include ulceration of hard and/or soft tissues used for retention , lack of retention due to prosthesis movement , and tissue irritation caused by ... | implant - supported craniofacial prostheses are made to restore defective areas in the face and cranium .
this clinical report describes a technique for fabrication of an orbital prosthesis with three adjacent implants in the left lateral orbital rim of a 60-year - old woman .
selection of appropriate attachment s... | INTRODUCTION
CLINICAL REPORT
SUMMARY |
hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) is one of the most common cancers worldwide especially in china [ 13 ] .
the high hcc rates in china largely reflect the elevated prevalence of chronic hepatitis b virus ( hbv ) infection . in developed countries such as united states , nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ( nafld ) , assoc... | backgroundhepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) is one of the most common cancers worldwide especially in china .
this article aimed to evaluate the influence of body mass index ( bmi ) and waistline on complications , postoperative death , and long - term survival in patients undergoing surgery for hcc.material/methods1... | Background
Material and Methods
Results
Clinicopathologic features of 136 HCC patients underwent hepatectomy
Intraoperative and postoperative data of 136 patients with HCC
Prognostic factors for HCC after hepatic resection
Long-term survival of HCC patients according to the BMI and waistline
Discussion
Conclusions
Supp... |
professional mononuclear phagocytes , such as polymorphonuclear neutrophils ( pmn ) , monocytes , and macrophages , are considered as the first line of defence of the early host innate immune response [ 1 , 2 ] .
their main function has been classically understood to kill invasive pathogens by a variety of potent intra... | professional mononuclear phagocytes such as polymorphonuclear neutrophils ( pmn ) , monocytes , and macrophages are considered as the first line of defence against invasive pathogens .
the formation of extracellular traps ( ets ) by activated mononuclear phagocytes is meanwhile well accepted as an effector mechanism... | 1. Introduction
2. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) and Phagocyte-Derived Extracellular Traps (ETs)
3. Apicomplexan Protozoa-Induced Formation of NETs and ETs
4. Euglenozoan Protozoa-Induced NETs
5. Conclusions |
the national tb prevalence survey in eritrea was conducted from february through october 2005 ( 6 ) . in 40 selected villages ,
a census ( which included information about sex and age ) was taken of 875 persons in each village .
all persons > 15 years of age were asked to provide a morning and a spot sputum sample .
pe... | we used results from a national tuberculosis prevalence survey in eritrea to calculate case detection rate ( cdr ) and compared it with the published cdr .
the cdr obtained from the survey was 40% , whereas the cdr published by the world health organization was 3 lower ( 14% ) . | The Study
Conclusions |
spermatogenesis is a complex process of development that occurs in most mammals throughout adulthood period .
this process happens in seminiferous tubules , lined with epithelial tissue that contains sertoli cells .
sertoli cells are surrounded by a thin septum of peritubular cells that hold keep germ cells ( 1 , 2 ) .... | introductionproduction of antibodies against specific proteins of testis germ cells is of great significance for the investigation of processes involved in spermatogenesis , study of infertility problems and determination of the probable role of these proteins as cancer - testis antigens .
murine testis specific rec... | Introduction
Materials and Methods
RT PCR
Cloning of mTEX101 in TA vector
Recombinant protein production
Immunoblotting
Results
mTEX101 Cloning
Immunoblotting
Discussion
Conclusion |
most malignancies of the upper aerodigestive tract ( figure 1 ) , comprising the naso- , oro- , hypo- , and laryngopharynx , are squamous cell carcinomas .
head and neck squamous cell carcinomas ( hnsccs ) are the primary tumor type in head and neck cancer ( hnc ) , characterized by local tumor aggressiveness , high ra... | head and neck squamous cell carcinomas are among the most common neoplasms worldwide and characterized by local tumor aggressiveness , high rate of early recurrences , development of metastasis , and second primary cancers . despite modern therapeutic strategies and sophisticated surgical management , overall survival... | 1. Introduction
2. Thyroid Hormone Receptor-Like Receptors
3. Estrogen Receptor-Like Receptors
4. Conclusion |
alcoholic liver disease ( ald ) represents a spectrum of clinical illness and morphological changes that range from fatty liver , hepatic inflammation , and necrosis ( alcoholic hepatitis ) to progressive fibrosis ( alcoholic cirrhosis ) .
many of the toxic effects of ethanol in the liver have been associated with its ... | to study the mechanism of curcumin - attenuated inflammation and liver
pathology in early stage of alcoholic liver disease , female sprague - dawley rats were
divided into four groups and treated with ethanol or curcumin via an intragastric tube
for 4 weeks . a control group treated with distilled water , and an... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion |
this study provides class iii evidence that more patients are seizure - free and have stopped aed treatment in the long term after resective epilepsy surgery than nonoperated epilepsy patients .
in sweden , all epilepsy surgery procedures are reported to the snesur , which was initiated in 1990 .
an internal control sy... | objective : to investigate prospective , population - based long - term outcomes concerning seizures and antiepileptic drug ( aed ) treatment after resective epilepsy surgery in sweden.methods : ten- and 5-year follow - ups were performed in 2005 to 2007 for 278/327 patients after resective epilepsy surgery from 1995 ... | Classification of evidence:
METHODS
Standard protocol approvals, registrations, and patient consents.
Classification of evidence.
RESULTS
Baseline characteristics.
Seizure outcome.
Seizure outcomes related to resection type and histopathology.
Predictors of seizure outcome.
Medication outcome.
DISCUSSION
Supplementary ... |
the prevalence of obesity among adolescents in the united states has increased dramatically in the past 30 years , with particularly high rates among hispanic , african american , and native american youth [ 14 ] .
currently 33.6% of all adolescents 1219 years of age in the united states are either overweight or obese ... |
purpose . obesity is a serious health threat , particularly among racial / ethnic minorities and those who are uninsured , yet little is known about the implementation of nutrition or exercise counseling or the combination of both among these groups .
trends in counseling by race / ethnicity and types of insurance... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Measures
4. Results
5. Discussion
6. Limitations
7. Conclusion |
student perception of their dental school experience is an essential measure of the success of dental education .
undergraduates ' feedback and suggestions are very important for improving the curriculum and learning process .
this information also helps determine the students ' preferences regarding different elements... | objective : this study examined the endodontic experience , perceptions of endodontic practice , and self - rated confidence of dental students enrolled in taibah university , saudi arabia.materials and methods : a questionnaire was distributed to 41 undergraduate dental students registered in endodontic courses in th... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
Financial support and sponsorship
Conflicts of interest |
a 36-year - old woman complained of an insidious onset of generalized myoclonus that first became apparent at age 27 years .
she had no perinatal problems and her development was normal in childhood and juvenile periods .
adult - onset myoclonus had worsened progressively from right hand to four extremities , tremulous... | we report a case of a 36-year - old woman with progressive generalized myoclonus that first became apparent 9 years ago .
her younger brother had similar problems .
examination of her eyes revealed cherry - red spots .
hexosaminidase a , -galactosidase and neuraminidase activity were normal .
although the labo... | Case Report
Discussion |
with the worldwide spread of mycobacterium tuberculosis ( mtb ) strains resistant to both isoniazid and rifampicin ( rif ) , multidrug - resistant ( mdr ) tuberculosis ( tb ) has become a major public health problem posing formidable challenges due to its complex diagnostic and treatment requirements .
this highlights ... | background : xpert mtb / rif assay has revolutionized the diagnosis of tuberculosis ( tb ) by simultaneously detecting the bacteria and resistance to rifampicin ( rif ) , a surrogate marker for multidrug - resistant tb ( mdr - tb ) in < 2 h. the rif resistance pattern in malwa region of punjab , india , is not documen... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Statistical analysis
RESULTS
Study population
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
Financial support and sponsorship
Conflicts of interest |
the hallmark of autoimmune diseases is the pathologic activity of the immune system of an organism directed against its own cells and tissues .
the disease is a direct consequence of tissue and/or organ damage as mediated by autoreactive components of the immune system , that is , autoreactive t - lymphocytes and/or au... | for the diagnosis of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases ( sard ) , patients are screened for anti - nuclear antibodies ( ana ) .
ana , as assessed by indirect immunofluorescence ( iif ) , have a poor specificity .
this hampers interpretation of positive results in clinical settings with low pretest probability... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion |
mdct benefits from having a high spatial resolution and fast acquisition time , making it an ideal tool to stage and restage tumours .
the routine use of intravenous ( and oral contrast ) media , unless contraindicated , also helps to delineate sites of disease , especially within solid organs .
the identification of n... | backgroundmultidetector computed tomography ( mdct ) has become the main investigation of choice for staging of many cancers.aimthe purpose of this pictorial review is to discuss the imaging appearances on ct of some of the more common cancers arising within the abdomen and pelvis and to describe their typical sites o... | Introduction
Gastric cancer
Pancreatic cancer
Colorectal cancer
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)
Ovarian carcinoma
Prostate carcinoma
Conclusion |
the long - term use of immunosuppressive agents for prevention of allograft rejection increases the risk of malignancy approximately 100 times as high as that in the general population .
the prevalence rate of post - transplant malignancies in total differs between geographical areas ; for example , in europe , that ra... | introductionthe long - term use of immunosuppressive agents for prevention of allograft rejection increases the risk of malignancy approximately 100 times as high as that in the general population and kaposi 's sarcoma ( ks ) is a relatively common malignancy after kidney transplantation .
the aim of present study w... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
RESULTS
Frequency and Demographic Data
Clinical Feature
Treatments
Renal Outcome
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION |
breast cancer is the most common cancer among american women , except for skin cancers .
the chance of developing invasive breast cancer at some time in a woman 's life is a little less than 12% .
it is the second leading cause of cancer death in women , exceeded only by lung cancer .
the chance that breast cancer will... | breast cancer remains a major cause of death in women in the developed world . as toll - like receptors ( tlrs )
are widely expressed on tumor cells and play important roles in the initiation and progression of cancer , they may thus serve as important targets and have an effective perspective on breast cancer treat... | 1. Introduction
2. Inflammation and Cancer Metastasis
3. Toll-Like Receptors in Inflammation-Induced Breast Cancer
4. Conclusions |
forensic odontology has established itself as an important and often indispensible science in medicolegal matters and identification of the dead .
the forensic importance of dental tissue has been well recognized because tooth is the hardest of all human tissues .
they are well preserved for a long period even after de... | objective : the aim of the study was to determine blood groups and rhesus factor from dentin and pulp using absorption - elution ( ae ) technique in different time periods at 0 , 3 , 6 , 9 and 12 months , respectively.materials and methods : a total of 150 cases , 30 patients each at 0 , 3 , 6 , 9 and 12 months were i... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Statistical analysis
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
Financial support and sponsorship
Conflicts of interest |
cystic echinococcosis ( ce ) is a severe zoonosis caused by the cyclophyllidean cestode echinococcus granulosus .
the disease has a worldwide distribution , with endemic regions in many countries of the mediterranean basin , north and east africa , western and central asia , china , south america , and australia [ 1 , ... | a cross - sectional study was conducted from october 2007 to november 2008 to estimate the prevalence of hydatidosis in slaughtered cattle from two abattoirs in mongu , western province , zambia , using prospective and retrospective data .
out of the 4061 cattle examined during postmortem inspection , 84 ( 2.1% ) we... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusion |
septic internal jugular vein - sigmoid sinus thrombosis is a rare condition that complicates local and regional infectious inflammatory processes occurring in the head and neck .
these include deep neck infections , lemierre syndrome , and central venous catheterization ( cvc ) or cannulation17 ) .
this is a life - thr... | septic internal jugular vein - sigmoid sinus thrombosis ( ijv - sst ) associated with a malpositioned central venous catheter is a rare condition .
it is potentially life - threatening and necessitates early diagnosis and rapid administration of appropriate medications .
unfortunately , it is difficult to diagnose... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORT
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION |
they are also used to treat multiple myeloma , bone metastases , and calcium disorders 2 .
these patients reportedly often develop bisphosphonaterelated osteonecrosis of the jaw ( bronj ) that is caused by subsequent dental surgery 3 , 4 . in general
, it is thought that nitrogencontaining bisphosphonates are much high... | key clinical messagemedicationrelated osteonecrosis of the jaw ( mronj ) is developed even in the patients who are edentulous and treated with shortterm bisphosphonate therapy and oral administration .
it sometimes causes lethal sepsis in patients who have multiple health problems such as diabetes , cirrhosis , ster... | Introduction
Case Report
Discussion
Conclusion
Conflict of Interest
Authorship |
supported by nci 2p50 ca09825806 , nci u01 ca168394 , stand up to cancer / aacr dream team translational cancer research grant su2c - aacr - dt0209 , tcga gdac grant ( nih / nci u24 ca143883 ) to gbm ; mdacc uterine spore career development award ( nci p50ca098258 ) to lwt . | pik3r1 ( encoding the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase ) is the 11th most frequently mutated gene across tumors .
we recently reported neomorphic p85 mutants that induce signaling cascades not predicted by the canonical functions of p85 , suggesting the need to functionally annotate specific mutations in... | Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest
Funding |
to review the current knowledge about nonpharmacologic approaches in the prevention and early treatment of type 2 diabetes .
this study reviewed the research reports dealing with nonpharmacologic interventions aimed at preventing type 2 diabetes with early lifestyle interventions .
the results from the randomized contr... | objectiveto review the current knowledge about nonpharmacologic approaches in the prevention and early treatment of type 2 diabetes.research design and methodsthis study reviewed the research reports dealing with nonpharmacologic interventions aimed at preventing type 2 diabetes with early lifestyle interventions.resu... | OBJECTIVE
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
RESULTS
CONCLUSIONS
LIFESTYLE TRIALS IN PEOPLE WITH IGT TO PREVENT PROGRESSION TO TYPE 2 DIABETES
LONG-TERM EFFECTIVENESS OF LIFESTYLE PREVENTION OF TYPE 2 DIABETES IN PEOPLE WITH IGT
CLINICAL TRIAL EVIDENCE OF THE EFFECT OF LIFESTYLE FACTORS ON TYPE 2 DIABETES RISK
COMMENT |
the function of sensory receptors ( nrec ) in the movement control , muscle coordination and perception of the space position of temporo - mandibular joint ( tmj ) is fundamental although the presence of nrec in the tmj is still debated : some authors have reported on the lack of nervous fibers in the articular disk 1,... | aim : a study was performed on the articular disk and periarticular tissues of the temporo - mandibular joint ( tmj ) with immunohistochemical techniques to give evidence to the presence of neuroreceptors ( nrec ) in these sites . methods : the study was carried out on tissue samples obtained from 10 subjects without ... | Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusions |
areview on the history of mental disorders shows their wide prevalence among human beings always .
a glance on statistics reveals that mental disorders and abnormalities are affecting the humans at an increasing pace . the world health organization ( who ) in its report revealed that the incidence of mental disorders i... | background : neurolinguistic programming ( nlp ) refers to the science and art of reaching success and perfection .
it is a collection of the skills based on human beings psychological characteristics through which the individuals obtain the ability to use their personal capabilities as much as possible .
this stu... | I
M
R
Comparison of nursing and midwifery students before and after intervention
D
C |
polycystic ovary syndrome ( pcos ) which was first reported in 1935 is known as one of the most common endocrine hormones disorders in the women of the reproductive age afflicting as many as % 10 of them .
the name of this syndrome has been derived from the appearance of the ovaries of the afflicted women ( an ovary of... | background : polycystic ovary syndrome ( pcos ) is the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive women .
nearly 10% of young women in this period involved .
although factors such as insulin resistance , hyper insulinemia , obesity and dietary are suggested to be associated with pcos , cause of pcos is not com... | INTRODUCTION
METHODS
Study design and participants
Study instrument and variables assessment
Statistical analysis
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSIONS |
milrinone , a phosphodiesterase iii inhibitor currently used to treat pediatric patients with cardiac diseases , increases the level of cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the myocardium and vascular smooth muscle .
high levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate enhance the contractility of the myocardium by increasing ca... | background and objectivesmilrinone is often used in children to treat acute heart failure and prevent low cardiac output syndrome after cardiac surgery . due to the lack of studies on the long - term milrinone use in children , the objective of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of the current patterns o... | Introduction
Subjects and Methods
Study population
Parameters analysis
Statistical analysis
Results
Demographics
Efficacy
Safety
Discussion
Study limitations
Conclusions |
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