IMO-Steps / imo_proofs /imo_1992_p1.lean
roozbeh-yz's picture
Upload 42 files
1c3ffd8 verified
import Mathlib
set_option linter.unusedVariables.analyzeTactics true
open Int Rat
lemma mylemma_main_lt2
(p q r: ℤ)
(hpl: 4 ≤ p)
(hql: 5 ≤ q)
(hrl: 6 ≤ r) :
(↑(p * q * r) / ↑((p - 1) * (q - 1) * (r - 1)):ℚ) ≤ ↑2 := by
have h₁: (↑(p * q * r) / ↑((p - 1) * (q - 1) * (r - 1)):ℚ)
= (↑p/↑(p-1)) * (↑q/↑(q-1)) * (↑r/↑(r-1)) := by
norm_cast
simp
have hp: (↑p/↑(p-1):ℚ) ≤ ((4/3):ℚ) := by
have g₁: 0 < (↑(p - 1):ℚ) := by
norm_cast
linarith [hpl]
have g₂: ↑p * ↑(3:ℚ) ≤ ↑(4:ℚ) * (↑(p - 1):ℚ) := by
norm_cast
linarith
refine (div_le_iff₀ g₁).mpr ?_
rw [div_mul_eq_mul_div]
refine (le_div_iff₀ ?_).mpr g₂
norm_num
have hq: (↑q/↑(q-1)) ≤ ((5/4):ℚ) := by
have g₁: 0 < (↑(q - 1):ℚ) := by
norm_cast
linarith[hql]
have g₂: ↑q * ↑(4:ℚ) ≤ ↑(5:ℚ) * (↑(q - 1):ℚ) := by
norm_cast
linarith
refine (div_le_iff₀ g₁).mpr ?_
rw [div_mul_eq_mul_div]
refine (le_div_iff₀ ?_).mpr g₂
norm_num
have hr: (↑r/↑(r-1)) ≤ ((6/5):ℚ) := by
have g₁: 0 < (↑(r - 1):ℚ) := by
norm_cast
linarith[hql]
have g₂: ↑r * ↑(5:ℚ) ≤ ↑(6:ℚ) * (↑(r - 1):ℚ) := by
norm_cast
linarith
refine (div_le_iff₀ g₁).mpr ?_
rw [div_mul_eq_mul_div]
refine (le_div_iff₀ ?_).mpr g₂
norm_num
have hub: (↑p/↑(p-1)) * (↑q/↑(q-1)) * (↑r/↑(r-1)) ≤ (4/3:ℚ) * ((5/4):ℚ) * ((6/5):ℚ) := by
have hq_nonneg: 0 ≤ (↑q:ℚ) := by
norm_cast
linarith
have hq_1_nonneg: 0 ≤ (↑(q - 1):ℚ) := by
norm_cast
linarith
have h₂: 0 ≤ (((q:ℚ) / ↑(q - 1)):ℚ) := by
exact div_nonneg hq_nonneg hq_1_nonneg
have hub1: (↑p/↑(p-1)) * (↑q/↑(q-1)) ≤ ((4/3):ℚ) * ((5/4):ℚ) := by
exact mul_le_mul hp hq h₂ (by norm_num)
have hr_nonneg: 0 ≤ (↑r:ℚ) := by
norm_cast
linarith
have hr_1_nonneg: 0 ≤ (↑(r - 1):ℚ) := by
norm_cast
linarith
have h₃: 0 ≤ (((r:ℚ) / ↑(r - 1)):ℚ) := by
exact div_nonneg hr_nonneg hr_1_nonneg
exact mul_le_mul hub1 hr h₃ (by norm_num)
norm_num at hub
rw [h₁]
norm_num
exact hub
lemma mylemma_k_lt_2
(p q r k: ℤ)
(hk: p * q * r - 1 = (p - 1) * (q - 1) * (r - 1) * k)
(hpl: 4 ≤ p)
(hql: 5 ≤ q)
(hrl: 6 ≤ r)
(hden: 0 < (p - 1) * (q - 1) * (r - 1) ) :
(k < 2) := by
have h₁: (↑(p * q * r) / ↑((p - 1) * (q - 1) * (r - 1)):ℚ) ≤ ↑2 := by
exact mylemma_main_lt2 p q r hpl hql hrl
have h₂: ↑k = (↑(p * q * r - 1):ℚ) / (↑((p - 1) * (q - 1) * (r - 1)):ℚ) := by
have g₁: ↑(p * q * r - 1) = ↑k * (↑((p - 1) * (q - 1) * (r - 1)):ℚ) := by
norm_cast
linarith
symm
have g₂: (↑((p - 1) * (q - 1) * (r - 1)):ℚ) ≠ 0 := by
norm_cast
linarith[hden]
exact (div_eq_iff g₂).mpr g₁
have h₃: ↑k < (↑(p * q * r) / ↑((p - 1) * (q - 1) * (r - 1)):ℚ) := by
rw [h₂]
have g₁: (↑(p * q * r - 1):ℚ) < (↑(p * q * r):ℚ) := by
norm_cast
exact sub_one_lt (p * q * r)
have g₂: 0 < (↑((p - 1) * (q - 1) * (r - 1)):ℚ) := by
norm_cast
exact div_lt_div_of_pos_right g₁ g₂
have h₄: (↑k:ℚ) < ↑2 := by
exact lt_of_lt_of_le h₃ h₁
norm_cast at h₄
lemma mylemma_main_lt4
(p q r: ℤ)
(hpl: 2 ≤ p)
(hql: 3 ≤ q)
(hrl: 4 ≤ r) :
(↑(p * q * r) / ↑((p - 1) * (q - 1) * (r - 1)):ℚ) ≤ ↑4 := by
have h₁: (↑(p * q * r) / ↑((p - 1) * (q - 1) * (r - 1)):ℚ)
= (↑p/↑(p-1)) * (↑q/↑(q-1)) * (↑r/↑(r-1)) := by
norm_cast
simp
have hp: (↑p/↑(p-1):ℚ) ≤ ↑(2:ℚ) := by
have g₁: 0 < (↑(p - 1):ℚ) := by
norm_cast
linarith[hpl]
have g₂: ↑p ≤ ↑(2:ℚ) * (↑(p - 1):ℚ) := by
norm_cast
linarith
exact (div_le_iff₀ g₁).mpr g₂
have hq: (↑q/↑(q-1)) ≤ ((3/2):ℚ) := by
have g₁: 0 < (↑(q - 1):ℚ) := by
norm_cast
linarith[hql]
have g₂: ↑q * ↑(2:ℚ) ≤ ↑(3:ℚ) * (↑(q - 1):ℚ) := by
norm_cast
linarith
refine (div_le_iff₀ g₁).mpr ?_
rw [div_mul_eq_mul_div]
refine (le_div_iff₀ ?_).mpr g₂
norm_num
have hr: (↑r/↑(r-1)) ≤ ((4/3):ℚ) := by
have g₁: 0 < (↑(r - 1):ℚ) := by
norm_cast
linarith[hql]
have g₂: ↑r * ↑(3:ℚ) ≤ ↑(4:ℚ) * (↑(r - 1):ℚ) := by
norm_cast
linarith
refine (div_le_iff₀ g₁).mpr ?_
rw [div_mul_eq_mul_div]
refine (le_div_iff₀ ?_).mpr g₂
norm_num
have hub: (↑p/↑(p-1)) * (↑q/↑(q-1)) * (↑r/↑(r-1)) ≤ (2:ℚ) * ((3/2):ℚ) * ((4/3):ℚ) := by
have hq_nonneg: 0 ≤ (↑q:ℚ) := by
norm_cast
linarith
have hq_1_nonneg: 0 ≤ (↑(q - 1):ℚ) := by
norm_cast
linarith
have h₂: 0 ≤ (((q:ℚ) / ↑(q - 1)):ℚ) := by
exact div_nonneg hq_nonneg hq_1_nonneg
have hub1: (↑p/↑(p-1)) * (↑q/↑(q-1)) ≤ (2:ℚ) * ((3/2):ℚ) := by
exact mul_le_mul hp hq h₂ (by norm_num)
have hr_nonneg: 0 ≤ (↑r:ℚ) := by
norm_cast
linarith
have hr_1_nonneg: 0 ≤ (↑(r - 1):ℚ) := by
norm_cast
linarith
have h₃: 0 ≤ (((r:ℚ) / ↑(r - 1)):ℚ) := by
exact div_nonneg hr_nonneg hr_1_nonneg
exact mul_le_mul hub1 hr h₃ (by norm_num)
norm_num at hub
rw [h₁]
norm_num
exact hub
lemma mylemma_k_lt_4
(p q r k: ℤ)
(hk: p * q * r - 1 = (p - 1) * (q - 1) * (r - 1) * k)
(hpl: 2 ≤ p)
(hql: 3 ≤ q)
(hrl: 4 ≤ r)
(hden: 0 < (p - 1) * (q - 1) * (r - 1) ) :
(k < 4) := by
have h₁: (↑(p * q * r) / ↑((p - 1) * (q - 1) * (r - 1)):ℚ) ≤ ↑4 := by
exact mylemma_main_lt4 p q r hpl hql hrl
have h₂: ↑k = (↑(p * q * r - 1):ℚ) / (↑((p - 1) * (q - 1) * (r - 1)):ℚ) := by
have g₁: ↑(p * q * r - 1) = ↑k * (↑((p - 1) * (q - 1) * (r - 1)):ℚ) := by
norm_cast
linarith
symm
have g₂: (↑((p - 1) * (q - 1) * (r - 1)):ℚ) ≠ 0 := by
norm_cast
linarith [hden]
exact (div_eq_iff g₂).mpr g₁
have h₃: ↑k < (↑(p * q * r) / ↑((p - 1) * (q - 1) * (r - 1)):ℚ) := by
rw [h₂]
have g₁: (↑(p * q * r - 1):ℚ) < (↑(p * q * r):ℚ) := by
norm_cast
exact sub_one_lt (p * q * r)
have g₂: 0 < (↑((p - 1) * (q - 1) * (r - 1)):ℚ) := by
norm_cast
exact div_lt_div_of_pos_right g₁ g₂
have h₄: (↑k:ℚ) < ↑4 := by
exact lt_of_lt_of_le h₃ h₁
norm_cast at h₄
lemma mylemma_k_gt_1
(p q r k: ℤ)
(hk: p * q * r - 1 = (p - 1) * (q - 1) * (r - 1) * k)
(h₁: ↑k = (↑(p * q * r - 1):ℚ) / (↑((p - 1) * (q - 1) * (r - 1)):ℚ))
(hpl: 2 ≤ p)
(hql: 3 ≤ q)
(hrl: 4 ≤ r)
(hden: 0 < (p - 1) * (q - 1) * (r - 1) ) :
(1 < k) := by
have hk0: 0 < (↑k:ℚ) := by
have g₁: 2*3*4 ≤ p * q * r := by
have g₂: 2*3 ≤ p * q := by
exact mul_le_mul hpl hql (by norm_num) (by linarith[hpl])
exact mul_le_mul g₂ hrl (by norm_num) (by linarith[g₂])
have g₂: 0 < (↑(p * q * r - 1):ℚ) := by
norm_cast
linarith[g₁]
have g₃: 0 < (↑((p - 1) * (q - 1) * (r - 1)):ℚ) := by
norm_cast
rw [h₁]
exact div_pos g₂ g₃
norm_cast at hk0
by_contra hc
push_neg at hc
interval_cases k
simp at hk
exfalso
have g₁: p*q + q*r + r*p = p+q+r := by linarith
have g₂: p < p*q := by exact lt_mul_right (by linarith) (by linarith)
have g₃: q < q*r := by exact lt_mul_right (by linarith) (by linarith)
have g₄: r < r*p := by exact lt_mul_right (by linarith) (by linarith)
have g₅: p+q+r < p*q + q*r + r*p := by linarith[g₂,g₃,g₄]
linarith [g₁,g₅]
lemma mylemma_p_lt_4
(p q r k: ℤ)
(h₀ : 1 < p ∧ p < q ∧ q < r)
(hk: p * q * r - 1 = (p - 1) * (q - 1) * (r - 1) * k)
(h₁: ↑k = (↑(p * q * r - 1):ℚ) / (↑((p - 1) * (q - 1) * (r - 1)):ℚ))
(hpl: 2 ≤ p)
(hql: 3 ≤ q)
(hrl: 4 ≤ r)
(hden: 0 < (p - 1) * (q - 1) * (r - 1) ) :
(p < 4) := by
by_contra hcp
push_neg at hcp
have hcq: 5 ≤ q := by linarith
have hcr: 6 ≤ r := by linarith
have h₃: k < 2 := by exact mylemma_k_lt_2 p q r k hk hcp hcq hcr hden
have h₄: 1 < k := by exact mylemma_k_gt_1 p q r k hk h₁ hpl hql hrl hden
linarith
lemma q_r_divisor_of_prime
(q r : ℤ)
(p: ℕ)
(h₀ : q * r = ↑p)
(h₁: Nat.Prime p) :
q = -1 ∨ q = 1 ∨ q = -p ∨ q = p := by
have hq : q ≠ 0 := by
intro h
rw [h] at h₀
simp at h₀
symm at h₀
norm_cast at h₀
rw [h₀] at h₁
exact Nat.not_prime_zero h₁
have hr : r ≠ 0 := by
intro h
rw [h] at h₀
simp at h₀
norm_cast at h₀
rw [← h₀] at h₁
exact Nat.not_prime_zero h₁
have hqr : abs q * abs r = p := by
have h₃: abs q = q.natAbs := by exact abs_eq_natAbs q
have h₄: abs r = r.natAbs := by exact abs_eq_natAbs r
rw [h₃,h₄]
norm_cast
exact Int.natAbs_mul_natAbs_eq h₀
have h_abs: abs (↑(q.natAbs):ℤ) = 1 ∨ abs q = p := by
cases' Int.natAbs_eq q with h_1 h_2
. rw [h_1] at hqr
have h₂: abs (↑(q.natAbs):ℤ) ∣ p := by exact Dvd.intro (abs r) hqr
have h₃: (↑(q.natAbs):ℕ) ∣ p := by
norm_cast at *
have h₄: (↑(q.natAbs):ℕ) = 1 ∨ (↑(q.natAbs):ℕ) = p := by
exact Nat.Prime.eq_one_or_self_of_dvd h₁ (↑(q.natAbs):ℕ) h₃
cases' h₄ with h₄₀ h₄₁
. left
norm_cast at *
have h₅: abs q = q.natAbs := by exact abs_eq_natAbs q
right
rw [h₅]
norm_cast at *
. rw [h_2] at hqr
rw [abs_neg _] at hqr
have h₂: abs (↑(q.natAbs):ℤ) ∣ p := by exact Dvd.intro (abs r) hqr
have h₃: (↑(q.natAbs):ℕ) ∣ p := by
norm_cast at *
have h₄: (↑(q.natAbs):ℕ) = 1 ∨ (↑(q.natAbs):ℕ) = p := by
exact Nat.Prime.eq_one_or_self_of_dvd h₁ (↑(q.natAbs):ℕ) h₃
cases' h₄ with h₄₀ h₄₁
. left
norm_cast at *
. have h₅: abs q = q.natAbs := by exact abs_eq_natAbs q
right
rw [h₅]
norm_cast
cases' h_abs with hq_abs hq_abs
. norm_cast at *
have h₄: q = ↑(q.natAbs) ∨ q = -↑(q.natAbs) := by
exact Int.natAbs_eq q
rw [hq_abs] at h₄
norm_cast at h₄
cases' h₄ with h₄₀ h₄₁
. right
left
exact h₄₀
. left
exact h₄₁
. right
right
have h₂: abs q = q.natAbs := by exact abs_eq_natAbs q
rw [h₂] at hq_abs
norm_cast at hq_abs
refine or_comm.mp ?_
refine (Int.natAbs_eq_natAbs_iff).mp ?_
norm_cast
lemma mylemma_qr_11
(q r: ℤ)
(h₀: (4 - q) * (4 - r) = 11) :
(4 - q = -1 ∨ 4 - q = 1 ∨ 4 - q = -11 ∨ 4 - q = 11) := by
have h₁: Nat.Prime (11) := by decide
exact q_r_divisor_of_prime (4-q) (4-r) 11 h₀ h₁
lemma mylemma_qr_5
(q r: ℤ)
(h₀: (q - 3) * (r - 3) = 5) :
(q - 3 = -1 ∨ q - 3 = 1 ∨ q - 3 = -5 ∨ q - 3 = 5) := by
have h₁: Nat.Prime (5) := by decide
exact q_r_divisor_of_prime (q - 3) (r - 3) 5 h₀ h₁
lemma mylemma_63qr_5
(q r: ℤ)
(h₀: (6 - 3*q) * (2 - r) = 5) :
(6 - 3*q = -1 ∨ 6 - 3*q = 1 ∨ 6 - 3*q = -5 ∨ 6 - 3*q = 5) := by
have h₁: Nat.Prime (5) := by decide
exact q_r_divisor_of_prime (6 - 3*q) (2 - r) 5 h₀ h₁
lemma mylemma_case_k_2
(p q r: ℤ)
(h₀: 1 < p ∧ p < q ∧ q < r)
(hpl: 2 ≤ p)
(hql: 3 ≤ q)
(hrl: 4 ≤ r)
(hpu: p < 4)
(hk: p * q * r - 1 = (p - 1) * (q - 1) * (r - 1) * 2) :
(p, q, r) = (2, 4, 8) ∨ (p, q, r) = (3, 5, 15) := by
interval_cases p
. exfalso
norm_num at *
have g₁: 2*q + 2*r = 3 := by linarith
linarith [g₁,hql,hrl]
. right
norm_num at *
-- have g₁: q*r - 4*q - 4*r + 5 = 0 := by linarith
have g₂: (4-q)*(4-r) = 11 := by linarith
have g₃: (4-q) = -1 ∨ (4-q) = 1 ∨ (4-q) = -11 ∨ (4-q) = 11 := by
exact mylemma_qr_11 q r g₂
cases' g₃ with g₃₁ g₃₂
. have hq: q = 5 := by linarith
constructor
. exact hq
. rw [hq] at g₂
linarith[g₂]
. exfalso
cases' g₃₂ with g₃₂ g₃₃
. have hq: q = 3 := by linarith[g₃₂]
rw [hq] at g₂
have hr: r = -7 := by linarith[g₂]
linarith[hrl,hr]
. cases' g₃₃ with g₃₃ g₃₄
. have hq: q = 15 := by linarith[g₃₃]
rw [hq] at g₂
have hr: r = 5 := by linarith[g₂]
linarith[hq,hr,h₀.2]
. have hq: q = -7 := by linarith[g₃₄]
linarith[hq,hql]
lemma mylemma_case_k_3
(p q r: ℤ)
(h₀: 1 < p ∧ p < q ∧ q < r)
(hpl: 2 ≤ p)
(hql: 3 ≤ q)
(hrl: 4 ≤ r)
(hpu: p < 4)
(hk: p * q * r - 1 = (p - 1) * (q - 1) * (r - 1) * 3) :
(p, q, r) = (2, 4, 8) ∨ (p, q, r) = (3, 5, 15) := by
interval_cases p
-- p = 2
. norm_num at *
-- have g₁: q*r - 3*q - 3*r + 4 = 0 := by linarith
have g₂: (q-3)*(r-3) = 5 := by linarith
have g₃: (q-3) = -1 ∨ (q-3) = 1 ∨ (q-3) = -5 ∨ (q-3) = 5 := by
exact mylemma_qr_5 q r g₂
cases' g₃ with g₃₁ g₃₂
. exfalso
linarith [hql,g₃₁]
. cases' g₃₂ with g₃₂ g₃₃
. have hq: q = 4 := by linarith
rw [hq] at g₂
have hr: r = 8 := by linarith[g₂]
exact { left := hq, right := hr }
. exfalso
cases' g₃₃ with g₃₃ g₃₄
. linarith[hql,g₃₃]
. have hq: q = 8 := by linarith
rw [hq] at g₂
norm_num at g₂
have hr: r = 4 := by linarith
linarith[hrl,hr]
-- p = 3
. right
norm_num at *
-- have g₁: 3 * q * r - 6 * q - 6 * r + 7 = 0 := by linarith
have g₂: (6 - 3*q) * (2 - r) = 5 := by linarith
have g₃: (6 - 3*q) = -1 ∨ (6 - 3*q) = 1 ∨ (6 - 3*q) = -5 ∨ (6 - 3*q) = 5 := by
exact mylemma_63qr_5 q r g₂
exfalso
cases' g₃ with g₃₁ g₃₂
. linarith[g₃₁,q]
. cases' g₃₂ with g₃₂ g₃₃
. linarith[g₃₂,q]
. cases' g₃₃ with g₃₃ g₃₄
. linarith[g₃₃,q]
. linarith[g₃₄,q]
theorem imo_1992_p1
(p q r : ℤ)
(h₀ : 1 < p ∧ p < q ∧ q < r)
(h₁ : (p - 1) * (q - 1) * (r - 1)∣(p * q * r - 1)) :
(p, q, r) = (2, 4, 8) ∨ (p, q, r) = (3, 5, 15) := by
cases' h₁ with k hk
have hpl: 2 ≤ p := by linarith
have hql: 3 ≤ q := by linarith
have hrl: 4 ≤ r := by linarith
have hden: 0 < (((p - 1) * (q - 1)) * (r - 1)) := by
have gp: 0 < (p - 1) := by linarith
have gq: 0 < (q - 1) := by linarith
have gr: 0 < (r - 1) := by linarith
exact mul_pos (mul_pos gp gq) gr
have h₁: ↑k = (↑(p * q * r - 1):ℚ) / (↑((p - 1) * (q - 1) * (r - 1)):ℚ) := by
have g₁: ↑(p * q * r - 1) = ↑k * (↑((p - 1) * (q - 1) * (r - 1)):ℚ) := by
norm_cast
linarith
symm
have g₂: (↑((p - 1) * (q - 1) * (r - 1)):ℚ) ≠ 0 := by
norm_cast
linarith[hden]
exact (div_eq_iff g₂).mpr g₁
have hk4: k < 4 := by exact mylemma_k_lt_4 p q r k hk hpl hql hrl hden
have hk1: 1 < k := by exact mylemma_k_gt_1 p q r k hk h₁ hpl hql hrl hden
have hpu: p < 4 := by exact mylemma_p_lt_4 p q r k h₀ hk h₁ hpl hql hrl hden
interval_cases k
. exact mylemma_case_k_2 p q r h₀ hpl hql hrl hpu hk
. exact mylemma_case_k_3 p q r h₀ hpl hql hrl hpu hk