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import Mathlib
import OAI.Algebra.GroupRing.Simplicial
namespace OAI
noncomputable section
open Set Metric Topology BigOperators
open Set Metric Topology
namespace GroupRingTopology.Cellular
universe u
variable {X : Type u} [TopologicalSpace X] [T2Space X]
variable {C : Set X} [CWComplex C]
omit [T2Space X] in
/-- Closure finiteness in terms of a single finite list of open cells. -/
lemma closedCell_subset_finite_openCells (n : ℕ) (i : RelCWComplex.cell C n) :
∃ I : Finset (Σ m, RelCWComplex.cell C m),
CWComplex.closedCell n i ⊆ ⋃ p ∈ I, CWComplex.openCell p.1 p.2 := by
classical
obtain ⟨J,hJ⟩ := CWComplex.cellFrontier_subset_finite_openCell n i
refine ⟨insert ⟨n,i⟩ ((Finset.range n).sigma J),?_⟩
intro x hx
rw [← CWComplex.cellFrontier_union_openCell_eq_closedCell] at hx
rcases hx with hx | hx
swap
· exact Set.mem_iUnion.mpr ⟨⟨n,i⟩,Set.mem_iUnion.mpr ⟨Finset.mem_insert_self _ _,hx⟩⟩
· have hxx := hJ hx
simp only [Set.mem_iUnion] at hxx
obtain ⟨m,hm,j,hj,hx⟩ := hxx
exact Set.mem_iUnion.mpr ⟨⟨m,j⟩,Set.mem_iUnion.mpr
⟨Finset.mem_insert_of_mem (by simp only [Finset.mem_sigma,Finset.mem_range]; exact ⟨hm,hj⟩),hx⟩⟩
/-- Any selection of at most one point from each open cell has all its subsets
closed. This is the closure-finite weak-topology argument behind compactness. -/
lemma cellSelection_closed {I : Type u} (c : I → Σ n, RelCWComplex.cell C n)
(hc : Function.Injective c) (x : I → X)
(hx : ∀ i, x i ∈ CWComplex.openCell (c i).1 (c i).2) (S : Set X)
(hS : S ⊆ Set.range x) : IsClosed S := by
apply (CWComplex.closed C S ?_).mpr
· intro n j
obtain ⟨J,hJ⟩ := closedCell_subset_finite_openCells n j
have hfinite : (S ∩ CWComplex.closedCell n j).Finite := by
have hcpre : (c ⁻¹' (J : Set (Σ n, RelCWComplex.cell C n))).Finite :=
J.finite_toSet.preimage hc.injOn
apply (hcpre.image x).subset
rintro y ⟨hyS,hycell⟩
obtain ⟨i,rfl⟩ := hS hyS
have hxx := hJ hycell
simp only [Set.mem_iUnion] at hxx
obtain ⟨p,hpJ,hxp⟩ := hxx
have heq : c i = p := by
by_contra hne
exact (CWComplex.disjoint_openCell_of_ne hne).notMem_of_mem_left (hx i) hxp
exact ⟨i,by change c i ∈ J; rw [heq]; exact hpJ,rfl⟩
exact hfinite.isClosed
· rintro y hy
obtain ⟨i,rfl⟩ := hS hy
exact CWComplex.openCell_subset_complex (c i).1 (c i).2 (hx i)
/-- A compact part of a CW complex can meet only finitely many open cells. -/
theorem compact_finitely_many_cells {K : Set X} (hK : IsCompact K) :
{p : Σ n, RelCWComplex.cell C n | (K ∩ CWComplex.openCell p.1 p.2).Nonempty}.Finite := by
classical
let I := {p : Σ n, RelCWComplex.cell C n | (K ∩ CWComplex.openCell p.1 p.2).Nonempty}
let x : I → X := fun i => i.2.choose
have hx (i : I) : x i ∈ CWComplex.openCell i.1.1 i.1.2 := i.2.choose_spec.2
have hxK (i : I) : x i ∈ K := i.2.choose_spec.1
have hinj : Function.Injective x := by
intro i j hij
apply Subtype.ext
by_contra hne
exact (CWComplex.disjoint_openCell_of_ne hne).notMem_of_mem_left (hx i) (hij ▸ hx j)
have hall : ∀ S ⊆ Set.range x, IsClosed S :=
cellSelection_closed (C := C) Subtype.val Subtype.val_injective x hx
have hcompact : IsCompact (Set.range x) :=
hK.of_isClosed_subset (hall _ subset_rfl) (Set.range_subset_iff.mpr hxK)
have hdiscrete : IsDiscrete (Set.range x) := by
apply isDiscrete_iff_forall_mem_exists_isClosed.mpr
intro S hS
exact ⟨S,hall S hS,Set.inter_eq_left.mpr hS⟩
have hrange := hcompact.finite hdiscrete
have : Finite I := (Set.finite_range_iff hinj).mp hrange
exact Set.toFinite I
/-- Compact maps cannot run out through infinitely many dimensions. -/
theorem compact_bounded_skeleton {K : Set X} (hK : IsCompact K) (hKC : K ⊆ C) :
∃ n : ℕ, K ⊆ CWComplex.skeletonLT C n := by
classical
let S := {p : Σ n, RelCWComplex.cell C n | (K ∩ CWComplex.openCell p.1 p.2).Nonempty}
have hS : S.Finite := compact_finitely_many_cells hK
let I := hS.toFinset
refine ⟨I.sup (fun p => p.1+1),?_⟩
intro x hx
have hxC := hKC hx
rw [← CWComplex.iUnion_openCell_eq_complex (C := C)] at hxC
simp only [Set.mem_iUnion] at hxC
obtain ⟨m,j,hj⟩ := hxC
have hmem : (⟨m,j⟩ : Σ n, RelCWComplex.cell C n) ∈ I := by
exact hS.mem_toFinset.mpr ⟨x,hx,hj⟩
have hm : m+1 ≤ I.sup (fun p => p.1+1) := Finset.le_sup (f := fun p => p.1+1) hmem
apply CWComplex.skeletonLT_mono (C := C)
(m := (m : ℕ∞)+1) (n := ((I.sup (fun p => p.1+1) : ℕ) : ℕ∞)) (by exact_mod_cast hm)
exact CWComplex.closedCell_subset_skeletonLT m j (CWComplex.openCell_subset_closedCell m j hj)
/-- The bounded-skeleton property in its map form, used for spheres and disks. -/
theorem compactMap_bounded_skeleton {A : Type*} [TopologicalSpace A] [CompactSpace A]
(f : C(A,X)) (hf : ∀ a, f a ∈ C) :
∃ n : ℕ, ∀ a, f a ∈ CWComplex.skeletonLT C n := by
obtain ⟨n,hn⟩ := compact_bounded_skeleton (C := C) (isCompact_range f.continuous)
(Set.range_subset_iff.mpr hf)
exact ⟨n,fun a => hn (Set.mem_range_self a)⟩
end GroupRingTopology.Cellular
namespace GroupRingTopology.Simplicial
open Set Metric Topology BigOperators
open scoped Classical
universe u
variable {V : Type u} (K : PreAbstractSimplicialComplex V)
lemma compact_bounded_vertices {A : Set (Space K)} (hA : IsCompact A) :
∃ S : Finset V, ∀ x ∈ A, x.1.support ⊆ S := by
let T := {p : Σ n, Topology.RelCWComplex.cell (Set.univ : Set (Space K)) n |
(A ∩ CWComplex.openCell p.1 p.2).Nonempty}
have hT : T.Finite := Cellular.compact_finitely_many_cells hA
let S := hT.toFinset.biUnion (fun p => p.2.1.1)
refine ⟨S,?_⟩
intro x hx
let s : Face K := ⟨x.1.support,x.2.2.2⟩
let c := cellOfFace K s
have hc : (⟨s.1.card-1,c⟩ : Σ n, Topology.RelCWComplex.cell (Set.univ : Set (Space K)) n) ∈ hT.toFinset := by
rw [hT.mem_toFinset]
refine ⟨x,hx,?_⟩
change x ∈ characteristicPE K c '' ball 0 1
rw [characteristicPE_open]
rfl
exact Finset.subset_biUnion_of_mem (fun p => p.2.1.1) hc
end GroupRingTopology.Simplicial
open Set Metric Topology
namespace GroupRingTopology.SphereTopology
abbrev Disk (n : ℕ) := closedBall (0 : Fin n → ℝ) 1
abbrev Sphere (n : ℕ) := sphere (0 : Fin n → ℝ) 1
def boundary (n : ℕ) : C(Sphere n,Disk n) :=
⟨fun x => ⟨x.1,sphere_subset_closedBall x.2⟩,continuous_subtype_val.subtype_mk _⟩
lemma sphere_norm {n : ℕ} (x : Sphere n) : ‖x.1‖ = 1 := by
simpa only [mem_sphere,dist_zero_right] using x.2
lemma disk_norm {n : ℕ} (x : Disk n) : ‖x.1‖ ≤ 1 := by
simpa only [mem_closedBall,dist_zero_right] using x.2
def cone (n : ℕ) : C(unitInterval × Sphere n,Disk n) := by
have hm (p : unitInterval × Sphere n) : (p.1:ℝ) • p.2.1 ∈ closedBall (0 : Fin n → ℝ) 1 := by
simp only [mem_closedBall,dist_zero_right,norm_smul,Real.norm_eq_abs,abs_of_nonneg p.1.2.1,sphere_norm,mul_one]
exact p.1.2.2
exact ⟨fun p => ⟨(p.1:ℝ) • p.2.1,hm p⟩,
((continuous_subtype_val.comp continuous_fst).smul
(continuous_subtype_val.comp continuous_snd)).subtype_mk hm⟩
lemma cone_norm {n : ℕ} (p : unitInterval × Sphere n) : ‖(cone n p).1‖ = (p.1:ℝ) := by
simp only [cone,ContinuousMap.coe_mk,norm_smul,Real.norm_eq_abs,abs_of_nonneg p.1.2.1,sphere_norm,mul_one]
lemma cone_surjective (n : ℕ) [Nonempty (Sphere n)] : Function.Surjective (cone n) := by
intro x
by_cases hx : x.1 = 0
· obtain ⟨s⟩ := ‹Nonempty (Sphere n)›
refine ⟨(0,s),Subtype.ext ?_⟩
simp only [cone,ContinuousMap.coe_mk,Set.Icc.coe_zero,zero_smul,hx]
· let s : Sphere n := ⟨‖x.1‖⁻¹ • x.1,by
simp only [mem_sphere,dist_zero_right,norm_smul,Real.norm_eq_abs,abs_inv,abs_norm,
inv_mul_cancel₀ (norm_ne_zero_iff.mpr hx)]⟩
refine ⟨(⟨‖x.1‖,norm_nonneg _,disk_norm x⟩,s),Subtype.ext ?_⟩
change ‖x.1‖ • (‖x.1‖⁻¹ • x.1) = x.1
rw [smul_smul,mul_inv_cancel₀ (norm_ne_zero_iff.mpr hx),one_smul]
lemma cone_quotient (n : ℕ) [Nonempty (Sphere n)] : IsQuotientMap (cone n) :=
IsQuotientMap.of_surjective_continuous (cone_surjective n) (cone n).continuous
variable {Y : Type*} [TopologicalSpace Y] {n : ℕ}
def Extends (f : C(Sphere n,Y)) : Prop := ∃ F : C(Disk n,Y), F.comp (boundary n) = f
lemma extends_of_nullhomotopic [Nonempty (Sphere n)] {y : Y} {f : C(Sphere n,Y)}
(H : (ContinuousMap.const (Sphere n) y).Homotopy f) : Extends f := by
have hf : Function.FactorsThrough H.toContinuousMap (cone n) := by
intro p q hpq
have ht : p.1 = q.1 := Subtype.ext ((cone_norm p).symm.trans ((congrArg (fun z : Disk n => ‖z.1‖) hpq).trans (cone_norm q)))
by_cases hzero : (p.1:ℝ) = 0
· have hp : p.1 = 0 := Subtype.ext hzero
have hq : q.1 = 0 := ht.symm.trans hp
change H (p.1,p.2) = H (q.1,q.2)
rw [hp,hq,H.apply_zero,H.apply_zero]
rfl
· have hs : p.2 = q.2 := by
apply Subtype.ext
have heq := congrArg (fun z : Disk n => z.1) hpq
change (p.1:ℝ) • p.2.1 = (q.1:ℝ) • q.2.1 at heq
rw [← ht] at heq
exact (smul_right_injective _ hzero) heq
exact congrArg H.toContinuousMap (Prod.ext ht hs)
let F : C(Disk n,Y) := (cone_quotient n).lift H.toContinuousMap hf
refine ⟨F,?_⟩
ext s
have hh := ContinuousMap.congr_fun ((cone_quotient n).lift_comp H.toContinuousMap hf) (1,s)
have hcone : cone n (1,s) = boundary n s := by apply Subtype.ext; simp [cone,boundary]
simpa only [ContinuousMap.comp_apply,hcone,ContinuousMap.Homotopy.coe_toContinuousMap,
ContinuousMap.Homotopy.apply_one] using hh
lemma nullhomotopic_of_extends {f : C(Sphere n,Y)} (hf : Extends f) :
∃ y : Y, Nonempty ((ContinuousMap.const (Sphere n) y).Homotopy f) := by
obtain ⟨F,hF⟩ := hf
let z : Disk n := ⟨0,by simp⟩
refine ⟨F z,⟨{
toFun := fun p => F (cone n p)
continuous_toFun := F.continuous.comp (cone n).continuous
map_zero_left := ?_
map_one_left := ?_ }⟩⟩
· intro s
exact congrArg F (Subtype.ext (by simp [cone,z]))
· intro s
have hs : cone n (1,s) = boundary n s := by apply Subtype.ext; simp [cone,boundary]
rw [hs]
exact ContinuousMap.congr_fun hF s
lemma extends_of_homotopy [Nonempty (Sphere n)] {f g : C(Sphere n,Y)}
(H : f.Homotopy g) (hg : Extends g) : Extends f := by
obtain ⟨y,⟨J⟩⟩ := nullhomotopic_of_extends hg
exact extends_of_nullhomotopic (J.trans H.symm)
lemma sphere_nonempty (n : ℕ) : Nonempty (Sphere (n+1)) :=
(NormedSpace.sphere_nonempty.mpr (by norm_num : (0:ℝ) ≤ 1)).coe_sort
end GroupRingTopology.SphereTopology
/-! Classical cellular lifting and its geometric foundations.
No classifying-space existence or Hurewicz theorem is assumed. -/
open Set Metric Topology
namespace GroupRingTopology.Cellular
universe u v w
abbrev Disk (n : ℕ) := closedBall (0 : Fin n → ℝ) 1
abbrev Sphere (n : ℕ) := sphere (0 : Fin n → ℝ) 1
def boundary (n : ℕ) : Sphere n → Disk n :=
fun x => ⟨x.1, sphere_subset_closedBall x.2⟩
lemma continuous_boundary (n : ℕ) : Continuous (boundary n) :=
continuous_subtype_val.subtype_mk _
variable {X : Type u} [TopologicalSpace X] [T2Space X]
variable {C : Set X} [CWComplex C]
/-- A characteristic map on its closed disk. -/
def characteristic (n : ℕ) (i : RelCWComplex.cell C n) : C(Disk n, X) :=
⟨fun x => RelCWComplex.map n i x.1, (RelCWComplex.continuousOn n i).domRestrict⟩
omit [T2Space X] in
lemma range_characteristic (n : ℕ) (i : RelCWComplex.cell C n) :
Set.range (characteristic n i) = CWComplex.closedCell n i := by
ext x
constructor
· rintro ⟨y,rfl⟩; exact ⟨y.1,y.2,rfl⟩
· rintro ⟨y,hy,rfl⟩; exact ⟨⟨y,hy⟩,rfl⟩
/-- The weak topology is genuinely final with respect to closed characteristic
maps; no finiteness or local-finiteness hypothesis is needed. -/
lemma continuousOn_iff_characteristic {Y : Type v} [TopologicalSpace Y] (f : X → Y) :
ContinuousOn f C ↔ ∀ n (i : RelCWComplex.cell C n),
Continuous (f ∘ characteristic n i) := by
constructor
· intro hf n i
exact hf.comp_continuous (characteristic n i).continuous
(fun x => CWComplex.closedCell_subset_complex n i ⟨x.1,x.2,rfl⟩)
· intro hf
rw [continuousOn_iff_continuous_domRestrict, continuous_iff_isClosed]
intro S hS
have hclosed : IsClosed (C ∩ f ⁻¹' S) := by
apply (CWComplex.closed C _ inter_subset_left).2
intro n i
have hpre : IsClosed ((f ∘ characteristic n i) ⁻¹' S) :=
hS.preimage (hf n i)
have hcompact := hpre.isCompact.image (characteristic n i).continuous
convert hcompact.isClosed using 1
ext x
constructor
· rintro ⟨⟨hxC,hxS⟩, y,hy,rfl⟩
exact ⟨⟨y,hy⟩,hxS,rfl⟩
· rintro ⟨y,hy,rfl⟩
exact ⟨⟨CWComplex.closedCell_subset_complex n i ⟨y.1,y.2,rfl⟩,hy⟩,
y.1,y.2,rfl⟩
convert hclosed.preimage continuous_subtype_val using 1
ext x
simp only [Set.mem_preimage, Set.mem_inter_iff, and_iff_right x.2, Set.domRestrict_apply]
abbrev Skeleton (C : Set X) [CWComplex C] (n : ℕ) : Set X :=
CWComplex.skeletonLT C n
lemma skeleton_mono {m n : ℕ} (h : m ≤ n) :
Skeleton C m ⊆ Skeleton C n :=
CWComplex.skeletonLT_mono (by exact_mod_cast h)
lemma sphere_mem_skeleton (n : ℕ) (i : RelCWComplex.cell C n) (x : Sphere n) :
characteristic n i (boundary n x) ∈ Skeleton C n :=
CWComplex.cellFrontier_subset_skeletonLT n i ⟨x.1,x.2,rfl⟩
lemma characteristic_mem_skeleton {m n : ℕ} (h : m < n)
(i : RelCWComplex.cell C m) (x : Disk m) :
characteristic m i x ∈ Skeleton C n := by
apply skeleton_mono (Nat.succ_le_of_lt h)
exact CWComplex.closedCell_subset_skeletonLT m i ⟨x.1,x.2,rfl⟩
lemma openCell_not_skeleton (n : ℕ) (i : RelCWComplex.cell C n) {x : X}
(hx : x ∈ CWComplex.openCell n i) : x ∉ Skeleton C n :=
(CWComplex.disjoint_skeletonLT_openCell (C := C) (j := i) le_rfl).notMem_of_mem_right hx
/-- A continuous partial lift on the (n-1)-skeleton, represented by a total
function only to avoid transported subtype terms. Values outside the skeleton
carry no condition and are never used. -/
structure PartialLift {E : Type v} {B : Type w} [TopologicalSpace E] [TopologicalSpace B]
(p : C(E,B)) (f : C(X,B)) (n : ℕ) where
val : X → E
continuousOn : ContinuousOn val (Skeleton C n)
fac : ∀ x ∈ Skeleton C n, p (val x) = f x
/-- The concrete disk-boundary right lifting property. -/
def DiskRLP {E : Type v} {B : Type w} [TopologicalSpace E] [TopologicalSpace B]
(p : C(E,B)) : Prop :=
∀ n (a : C(Sphere n,E)) (b : C(Disk n,B)),
(∀ x, p (a x) = b (boundary n x)) →
∃ e : C(Disk n,E), (∀ x, e (boundary n x) = a x) ∧ ∀ x, p (e x) = b x
variable {E : Type v} [TopologicalSpace E] {n : ℕ}
/-- Glue the old skeleton map to a prescribed disk map on each new cell. -/
noncomputable def attachValue (a : X → E) (e : ∀ _ : RelCWComplex.cell C n, C(Disk n,E))
(x : X) : E := by
classical
exact if x ∈ Skeleton C n then a x
else if h : ∃ i : RelCWComplex.cell C n, x ∈ CWComplex.openCell n i then
let i := h.choose
let y := h.choose_spec.choose
e i ⟨y,ball_subset_closedBall h.choose_spec.choose_spec.1⟩
else a x
lemma attachValue_old (a : X → E) (e : ∀ _ : RelCWComplex.cell C n, C(Disk n,E))
{x : X} (hx : x ∈ Skeleton C n) : attachValue a e x = a x := by
classical
simp only [attachValue, ite_eq_left hx]
lemma attachValue_interior (a : X → E) (e : ∀ _ : RelCWComplex.cell C n, C(Disk n,E))
(i : RelCWComplex.cell C n) (y : Disk n) (hy : y.1 ∈ ball 0 1) :
attachValue a e (characteristic n i y) = e i y := by
classical
have hx : characteristic n i y ∈ CWComplex.openCell n i := ⟨y.1,hy,rfl⟩
have h : ∃ j : RelCWComplex.cell C n,
characteristic n i y ∈ CWComplex.openCell n j := ⟨i,hx⟩
rw [attachValue,ite_eq_right (openCell_not_skeleton n i hx),dite_eq_left h]
have hi : h.choose = i := by
by_contra hne
have hd := CWComplex.disjoint_openCell_of_ne (C := C) (i := h.choose) (j := i)
(fun hEq => hne (sigma_mk_injective hEq))
exact Set.disjoint_left.mp hd h.choose_spec hx
have hz := h.choose_spec.choose_spec.1
have hmap : RelCWComplex.map n i h.choose_spec.choose = characteristic n i y := by
calc
RelCWComplex.map n i h.choose_spec.choose =
RelCWComplex.map n h.choose h.choose_spec.choose :=
congrArg (fun k => RelCWComplex.map n k h.choose_spec.choose) hi.symm
_ = _ := h.choose_spec.choose_spec.2
have hcoord : h.choose_spec.choose = y.1 :=
(RelCWComplex.map n i).injOn
(by simpa only [RelCWComplex.source_eq] using hz)
(by simpa only [RelCWComplex.source_eq] using hy) hmap
exact (congrArg (fun k => e k ⟨h.choose_spec.choose,ball_subset_closedBall hz⟩) hi).trans
(congrArg (e i) (Subtype.ext hcoord))
lemma attachValue_characteristic (a : X → E)
(e : ∀ _ : RelCWComplex.cell C n, C(Disk n,E))
(he : ∀ i (x : Sphere n), e i (boundary n x) =
a (characteristic n i (boundary n x)))
(i : RelCWComplex.cell C n) (y : Disk n) :
attachValue a e (characteristic n i y) = e i y := by
by_cases hy : y.1 ∈ ball 0 1
· exact attachValue_interior a e i y hy
· have hs : y.1 ∈ sphere 0 1 := le_antisymm y.2 (le_of_not_gt hy)
have hx : characteristic n i y ∈ Skeleton C n := sphere_mem_skeleton n i ⟨y,hs⟩
rw [attachValue_old a e hx]
exact (he i ⟨y,hs⟩).symm
lemma attachValue_continuous (a : X → E) (ha : ContinuousOn a (Skeleton C n))
(e : ∀ _ : RelCWComplex.cell C n, C(Disk n,E))
(he : ∀ i (x : Sphere n), e i (boundary n x) =
a (characteristic n i (boundary n x))) :
ContinuousOn (attachValue a e) (Skeleton C (n+1)) := by
apply (continuousOn_iff_characteristic (C := Skeleton C (n+1)) _).2
intro m j
change Continuous (fun x : Disk m => attachValue a e (characteristic m j.1 x))
have hm : m < n+1 := by
have h : (m : ℕ∞) < ((n+1 : ℕ) : ℕ∞) := by
simpa only [RelCWComplex.skeletonLT_I,Set.mem_ofPred_eq] using j.2
exact_mod_cast h
rcases Nat.lt_succ_iff_lt_or_eq.mp hm with hm | hm
· have hEq : (fun x : Disk m => attachValue a e (characteristic m j.1 x)) =
(fun x : Disk m => a (characteristic m j.1 x)) := by
funext x
exact attachValue_old a e (characteristic_mem_skeleton hm j.1 x)
rw [hEq]
exact ha.comp_continuous (characteristic m j.1).continuous
(characteristic_mem_skeleton hm j.1)
· subst m
have hEq : (fun x : Disk n => attachValue a e (characteristic n j.1 x)) = e j.1 := by
funext x
exact attachValue_characteristic a e he j.1 x
rw [hEq]
exact (e j.1).continuous
end GroupRingTopology.Cellular
end
end OAI