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import OAI.Analysis.FactorGeneration.EnergyDescent
import OAI.Analysis.FactorGeneration.Expectations
import OAI.Analysis.FactorGeneration.MatrixAlgebras
import OAI.Analysis.FactorGeneration.UniformPartitions
namespace OAI
noncomputable section
namespace Generator
/-! A normal element of a diffuse finite factor has L2 approximations in
constructed full dyadic matrix algebras. No prescribed MASA is needed. -/
namespace Tracial
open scoped BigOperators
section
open UltrapowerBridge
variable {H : Type*} [NormedAddCommGroup H] [InnerProductSpace ℂ H] [CompleteSpace H]
variable {M : VonNeumannAlgebra H} (τ : TracialRepresentation M)
theorem exists_normal_matrix_approximation
(hfactor : ∀ c : M.toStarSubalgebra,
(∀ a : M.toStarSubalgebra,a*c=c*a) → ∃ z : ℂ,c=z • (1 : M.toStarSubalgebra))
(hdiff : ∀ p : M.toStarSubalgebra,IsStarProjection p → p ≠ 0 →
∃ q : M.toStarSubalgebra,IsStarProjection q ∧ q ≠ 0 ∧ q ≠ p ∧ p*q=q ∧ q*p=q)
(x : M.toStarSubalgebra) [IsStarNormal x] (ε : ℝ) (hε : 0 < ε) :
∃ k n : ℕ,n=2^k ∧ ∃ E : MatrixUnitSystem (Fin n) M.toStarSubalgebra,
∃ c : Fin n → ℂ,τ.norm₂ (x-∑ j,c j • E.entry j j) < ε := by
obtain ⟨Q,c,hc⟩ := exists_normal_spectral_approximation x (ε/2) (by positivity)
obtain ⟨k,R,hn,ht,d,hd⟩ := exists_dyadic_spectral_sum_approximation τ hdiff Q
(fun _ : Unit => c) (ε/2) (by positivity)
obtain ⟨E,hdiag,hstar,hmul,hsum⟩ := exists_matrixUnits_for_partition τ hfactor R
(by rw [hn]; positivity) (fun i j => (ht i).trans (ht j).symm)
let F : MatrixUnitSystem (Fin R.size) M.toStarSubalgebra := ⟨E,hstar,hmul,hsum⟩
refine ⟨k,R.size,hn,F,d (),?_⟩
change τ.norm₂ (x-∑ j,d () j • E j j) < ε
simp only [hdiag]
have he : x-∑ j,d () j • (R.piece j).val =
(x-∑ i,c i • (Q.piece i).val)+
((∑ i,c i • (Q.piece i).val)-∑ j,d () j • (R.piece j).val) := by abel
rw [he]
exact (τ.norm₂_add_le _ _).trans_lt (by
have h₁ := (τ.norm₂_le_norm _).trans_lt hc
have h₂ := hd ()
linarith)
end
/-! A constructed full matrix algebra reduces the actual relative-commutant
expectation energy by a uniform factor for a centered nonzero element. -/
open UltrapowerBridge
variable {H : Type*} [NormedAddCommGroup H] [InnerProductSpace ℂ H] [CompleteSpace H]
variable {N D M : VonNeumannAlgebra H} (τ : TracialRepresentation M)
theorem commutator_norm₂_bound (a b : M.toStarSubalgebra) :
τ.norm₂ (a*b-b*a) ≤ 2*‖a‖*τ.norm₂ b := by
have h := norm_sub_le (baseVector τ (a*b)) (baseVector τ (b*a))
change τ.norm₂ (a*b-b*a) ≤ τ.norm₂ (a*b)+τ.norm₂ (b*a) at h
have hl := τ.norm₂_mul_le a b
have hr := τ.norm₂_mul_le_right b a
nlinarith
theorem commutator_norm₂_approximation (u v x z : M.toStarSubalgebra)
(hc : v*z=z*v) :
τ.norm₂ (u*x-x*u) ≤ 2*‖u‖*τ.norm₂ (x-z)+2*‖z‖*τ.norm₂ (u-v) := by
have he : u*x-x*u=(u*(x-z)-(x-z)*u)- (z*(u-v)-(u-v)*z) := by
simp only [mul_sub,sub_mul]
rw [hc]
abel
rw [he]
have h := norm_sub_le (baseVector τ (u*(x-z)-(x-z)*u))
(baseVector τ (z*(u-v)-(u-v)*z))
change τ.norm₂ ((u*(x-z)-(x-z)*u)-(z*(u-v)-(u-v)*z)) ≤
τ.norm₂ (u*(x-z)-(x-z)*u)+τ.norm₂ (z*(u-v)-(u-v)*z) at h
exact h.trans (add_le_add (commutator_norm₂_bound τ u (x-z))
(commutator_norm₂_bound τ z (u-v)))
theorem expectation_energy_descent_of_unitary_approximation (hDM : D ≤ M)
(u : unitary M.toStarSubalgebra) (v x : M.toStarSubalgebra)
(hd : τ.norm₂ x ≤ τ.norm₂ (conjugateLinear u x-x))
(hclose : τ.norm₂ ((u : M.toStarSubalgebra)-v) <
τ.norm₂ x/(4*(‖x‖+1)))
(hc : ∀ z : M.toStarSubalgebra,z.val ∈ D → v*z=z*v) :
τ.norm₂ (conditionalExpectation τ hDM x)^2 ≤ (15/16 : ℝ)*τ.norm₂ x^2 := by
let z := conditionalExpectation τ hDM x
have hcomm := commutator_norm₂_approximation τ (u : M.toStarSubalgebra) v x z
(hc z (conditionalExpectation_mem τ hDM x))
have hdisp := displacement_le_commutator τ u x
have hu := unitary_norm_le (u : M.toStarSubalgebra) u.property.1
have hz := conditionalExpectation_norm_le τ hDM x
have hn : 0 ≤ τ.norm₂ (x-z) := norm_nonneg _
have hδ : 0 ≤ τ.norm₂ ((u : M.toStarSubalgebra)-v) := norm_nonneg _
have hsmall : 4*(‖x‖+1)*τ.norm₂ ((u : M.toStarSubalgebra)-v) < τ.norm₂ x := by
have h := (lt_div_iff₀ (by positivity : 0 < 4*(‖x‖+1))).mp hclose
nlinarith
have hr : τ.norm₂ x/4 ≤ τ.norm₂ (x-z) := by
have h₁ := mul_le_mul_of_nonneg_right hu hn
have h₂ := mul_le_mul_of_nonneg_right hz hδ
nlinarith
have hpy := conditionalExpectation_pythagoras τ hDM x
change τ.norm₂ z^2+τ.norm₂ (x-z)^2=τ.norm₂ x^2 at hpy
nlinarith [sq_nonneg (τ.norm₂ (x-z)-τ.norm₂ x/4),
show 0 ≤ τ.norm₂ x from norm_nonneg _]
theorem exists_irreducible_matrix_energy_descent (hNM : N ≤ M)
(hfactor : ∀ c : N.toStarSubalgebra,
(∀ a : N.toStarSubalgebra,a*c=c*a) → ∃ z : ℂ,c=z • (1 : N.toStarSubalgebra))
(hdiff : ∀ p : N.toStarSubalgebra,IsStarProjection p → p ≠ 0 →
∃ q : N.toStarSubalgebra,IsStarProjection q ∧ q ≠ 0 ∧ q ≠ p ∧ p*q=q ∧ q*p=q)
(hirr : ∀ c : M.toStarSubalgebra,
(∀ a : N.toStarSubalgebra,coordinateInclusion hNM a*c=c*coordinateInclusion hNM a) →
∃ z : ℂ,c=z • (1 : M.toStarSubalgebra))
(x : M.toStarSubalgebra) (hx : x ≠ 0) (ht : τ.trace x=0) :
∃ k n : ℕ,n=2^k ∧ ∃ E : MatrixUnitSystem (Fin n) N.toStarSubalgebra,
τ.norm₂ (conditionalExpectation τ (E.map (coordinateInclusion hNM)).relativeVonNeumann_le x)^2 ≤
(15/16 : ℝ)*τ.norm₂ x^2 := by
let P := insideAlgebra (M := M) (P := N)
obtain ⟨u,hu⟩ := exists_strict_centered_displacement τ P (by
intro c hc
exact hirr c (fun a => hc ⟨coordinateInclusion hNM a,a.property⟩)) x hx ht
let a : N.toStarSubalgebra := ⟨(u.val : M.toStarSubalgebra).val,u.property⟩
let : IsStarNormal a := ⟨by
apply Subtype.ext
exact congrArg (fun b : M.toStarSubalgebra => b.val)
(u.val.property.1.trans u.val.property.2.symm)⟩
have hxpos : 0 < τ.norm₂ x := lt_of_le_of_ne (norm_nonneg _)
(fun h => hx ((τ.norm₂_eq_zero_iff x).mp h.symm))
obtain ⟨k,n,hn,E,c,hc⟩ := exists_normal_matrix_approximation (restrictedTrace τ hNM)
hfactor hdiff a (τ.norm₂ x/(4*(‖x‖+1))) (by positivity)
let F := E.map (coordinateInclusion hNM)
let v : M.toStarSubalgebra := ∑ j,c j • F.entry j j
refine ⟨k,n,hn,E,expectation_energy_descent_of_unitary_approximation τ
F.relativeVonNeumann_le u.val v x hu.le ?_ ?_⟩
· change τ.norm₂ (coordinateInclusion hNM (a-∑ j,c j • E.entry j j)) < _ at hc
rw [map_sub,map_sum] at hc
simp only [map_smul] at hc
exact hc
· intro z hz
have hz' := ((F.relativeStar_mem z.val).mp hz).2
change (∑ j,c j • F.entry j j)*z=z*(∑ j,c j • F.entry j j)
simp only [Finset.sum_mul,Finset.mul_sum,smul_mul_assoc,mul_smul_comm]
apply Finset.sum_congr rfl
intro j _
exact congrArg (fun b : M.toStarSubalgebra => c j • b) (Subtype.ext (hz' j j))
end Tracial
/-! Concrete commutants reverse matrix-algebra inclusion. Expectations are
compatible with restriction to an intermediate represented subalgebra. -/
section
namespace Tracial
open UltrapowerBridge
variable {H : Type*} [NormedAddCommGroup H] [InnerProductSpace ℂ H] [CompleteSpace H]
variable {D P M : VonNeumannAlgebra H} (τ : TracialRepresentation M)
theorem conditionalExpectation_restricted (hPM : P ≤ M) (hDP : D ≤ P)
(x : P.toStarSubalgebra) :
conditionalExpectation τ (hDP.trans hPM) (coordinateInclusion hPM x)=
coordinateInclusion hPM (conditionalExpectation (restrictedTrace τ hPM) hDP x) := by
apply conditionalExpectation_eq_of_orthogonal τ (hDP.trans hPM)
· exact conditionalExpectation_mem (restrictedTrace τ hPM) hDP x
· intro a
let b : insideAlgebra (M := P) (P := D) := ⟨⟨a.val.val,hDP a.property⟩,a.property⟩
exact conditionalExpectation_orthogonal (restrictedTrace τ hPM) hDP x b
end Tracial
namespace MatrixUnitSystem
open UltrapowerBridge Tracial
variable {H : Type*} [NormedAddCommGroup H] [InnerProductSpace ℂ H] [CompleteSpace H]
variable {M : VonNeumannAlgebra H}
variable {ι κ : Type*} [Fintype ι] [DecidableEq ι] [Fintype κ] [DecidableEq κ]
theorem relative_antitone (E : MatrixUnitSystem ι M.toStarSubalgebra)
(F : MatrixUnitSystem κ M.toStarSubalgebra) (h : E.algebra ≤ F.algebra) :
F.relativeVonNeumann ≤ E.relativeVonNeumann := by
intro x hx
have hx' := (F.relativeStar_mem x).mp hx
apply (E.relativeStar_mem x).mpr
refine ⟨hx'.1,?_⟩
let y : M.toStarSubalgebra := ⟨x,hx'.1⟩
have hF : ∀ i j,Commute (F.entry i j) y := fun i j => Subtype.ext (hx'.2 i j)
intro i j
exact congrArg Subtype.val (((F.commute_algebra_iff y).mpr hF) _ (h (E.entry_mem i j))).eq
/-- The product commutant is exactly the commutant of the new system inside
of the old commutant, with both algebras represented on the same H. -/
theorem relative_product_inside (E : MatrixUnitSystem ι M.toStarSubalgebra)
(F : MatrixUnitSystem κ E.relativeVonNeumann.toStarSubalgebra)
(hc : ∀ i j k l,Commute (E.entry i j)
((F.map (coordinateInclusion E.relativeVonNeumann_le)).entry k l)) :
(E.product (F.map (coordinateInclusion E.relativeVonNeumann_le)) hc).relativeVonNeumann =
F.relativeVonNeumann := by
let G := F.map (coordinateInclusion E.relativeVonNeumann_le)
apply le_antisymm
· intro x hx
have hE := E.relative_antitone (E.product G hc) (E.algebra_le_product_left G hc) hx
have hG := G.relative_antitone (E.product G hc) (E.algebra_le_product_right G hc) hx
exact (F.relativeStar_mem x).mpr ⟨hE,((G.relativeStar_mem x).mp hG).2⟩
· intro x hx
have hF := (F.relativeStar_mem x).mp hx
have hE := (E.relativeStar_mem x).mp hF.1
apply ((E.product G hc).relativeStar_mem x).mpr
refine ⟨hE.1,?_⟩
intro a b
change ((E.entry a.1 b.1).val*(F.entry a.2 b.2).val)*x=
x*((E.entry a.1 b.1).val*(F.entry a.2 b.2).val)
rw [mul_assoc,hF.2,← mul_assoc,hE.2,mul_assoc]
end MatrixUnitSystem
end
/-! Quantitative energy descent retaining a prescribed finite matrix algebra
in an irreducible inclusion. All expectations and refinements are constructed. -/
namespace Tracial
open UltrapowerBridge
variable {H : Type*} [NormedAddCommGroup H] [InnerProductSpace ℂ H] [CompleteSpace H]
variable {N M : VonNeumannAlgebra H} {ι : Type*} [Fintype ι] [DecidableEq ι]
theorem exists_compatible_matrix_energy_descent (τ : TracialRepresentation M) (hNM : N ≤ M)
(hfactor : ∀ c : N.toStarSubalgebra,
(∀ a : N.toStarSubalgebra,a*c=c*a) → ∃ z : ℂ,c=z • (1 : N.toStarSubalgebra))
(hdiff : ∀ p : N.toStarSubalgebra,IsStarProjection p → p ≠ 0 →
∃ q : N.toStarSubalgebra,IsStarProjection q ∧ q ≠ 0 ∧ q ≠ p ∧ p*q=q ∧ q*p=q)
(hirr : ∀ c : M.toStarSubalgebra,
(∀ a : N.toStarSubalgebra,coordinateInclusion hNM a*c=c*coordinateInclusion hNM a) →
∃ z : ℂ,c=z • (1 : M.toStarSubalgebra))
(E : MatrixUnitSystem ι N.toStarSubalgebra) (o : ι)
(x : M.toStarSubalgebra) (ht : τ.trace x=0)
(hy : conditionalExpectation τ (E.map (coordinateInclusion hNM)).relativeVonNeumann_le x ≠ 0) :
∃ k n : ℕ,n=2^k ∧ ∃ F : MatrixUnitSystem (Fin n) N.toStarSubalgebra,
∃ hc : ∀ i j l m,Commute (E.entry i j) (F.entry l m),
E.algebra ≤ (E.product F hc).algebra ∧
τ.norm₂ (conditionalExpectation τ
((E.product F hc).map (coordinateInclusion hNM)).relativeVonNeumann_le x)^2 ≤
(15/16 : ℝ)*τ.norm₂
(conditionalExpectation τ (E.map (coordinateInclusion hNM)).relativeVonNeumann_le x)^2 := by
let EM := E.map (coordinateInclusion hNM)
let C := EM.relativeVonNeumann
let hCM := EM.relativeVonNeumann_le
let y := conditionalExpectation τ hCM x
let yC : C.toStarSubalgebra := ⟨y.val,conditionalExpectation_mem τ hCM x⟩
let τC := restrictedTrace τ hCM
have hyC : yC ≠ 0 := by
intro h
apply hy
exact Subtype.ext (congrArg (fun b : C.toStarSubalgebra => b.val) h)
have htC : τC.trace yC=0 := (conditionalExpectation_trace τ hCM x).trans ht
obtain ⟨k,n,hn,G,hG⟩ := exists_irreducible_matrix_energy_descent τC
(E.relative_inclusion hNM) (E.relative_scalar_center o hfactor)
(E.relative_diffuse o hdiff) (E.relative_irreducible hNM o hirr) yC hyC htC
let F := G.map (coordinateInclusion E.relativeVonNeumann_le)
have hc : ∀ i j l m,Commute (E.entry i j) (F.entry l m) := by
intro i j l m
apply Subtype.ext
exact ((E.relativeStar_mem (G.entry l m).val).mp (G.entry l m).property).2 i j
let GM := G.map (coordinateInclusion (E.relative_inclusion hNM))
have hcM : ∀ i j l m,Commute (EM.entry i j)
((GM.map (coordinateInclusion hCM)).entry l m) := by
intro i j l m
apply Subtype.ext
exact congrArg (fun b : N.toStarSubalgebra => b.val) (hc i j l m).eq
have hproduct : ((E.product F hc).map (coordinateInclusion hNM)).relativeVonNeumann =
GM.relativeVonNeumann := by
convert EM.relative_product_inside GM hcM using 1
rfl
let hDC := GM.relativeVonNeumann_le
have he : conditionalExpectation τ (hDC.trans hCM) x =
coordinateInclusion hCM (conditionalExpectation τC hDC yC) := by
rw [← conditionalExpectation_tower τ (hDC.trans hCM) hCM hDC x]
exact conditionalExpectation_restricted τ hCM hDC yC
refine ⟨k,n,hn,F,hc,E.algebra_le_product_left F hc,?_⟩
have hnorm : τ.norm₂ (conditionalExpectation τ (hDC.trans hCM) x)^2 ≤
(15/16 : ℝ)*τ.norm₂ y^2 := by
rw [he]
exact hG
simpa only [hproduct] using hnorm
end Tracial
/-! Reindex full matrix units without changing their actual algebra or
relative commutant. This keeps iterated constructions indexed by Fin n. -/
namespace MatrixUnitSystem
open scoped BigOperators
variable {ι κ A : Type*} [Fintype ι] [DecidableEq ι] [Fintype κ] [DecidableEq κ]
variable [Ring A] [StarRing A] [Algebra ℂ A] [StarModule ℂ A]
def reindex (E : MatrixUnitSystem ι A) (e : κ ≃ ι) : MatrixUnitSystem κ A where
entry i j := E.entry (e i) (e j)
star_entry i j := E.star_entry _ _
mul_entry i j k l := by simpa only [e.apply_eq_iff_eq] using E.mul_entry (e i) (e j) (e k) (e l)
total := (e.sum_comp (fun i => E.entry i i)).trans E.total
theorem reindex_algebra (E : MatrixUnitSystem ι A) (e : κ ≃ ι) :
(E.reindex e).algebra=E.algebra := by
apply le_antisymm
· exact ((E.reindex e).algebra_le_iff _).mpr (fun i j => E.entry_mem _ _)
· apply (E.algebra_le_iff _).mpr
intro i j
simpa only [reindex,Equiv.apply_symm_apply] using
(E.reindex e).entry_mem (e.symm i) (e.symm j)
open UltrapowerBridge
variable {H : Type*} [NormedAddCommGroup H] [InnerProductSpace ℂ H] [CompleteSpace H]
variable {N M : VonNeumannAlgebra H}
theorem map_algebra_mono (E : MatrixUnitSystem ι N.toStarSubalgebra)
(F : MatrixUnitSystem κ N.toStarSubalgebra) (h : E.algebra ≤ F.algebra)
(f : N.toStarSubalgebra →⋆ₐ[ℂ] M.toStarSubalgebra) :
(E.map f).algebra ≤ (F.map f).algebra := by
apply ((E.map f).algebra_le_iff _).mpr
intro i j
obtain ⟨a,ha⟩ := (F.mem_algebra (E.entry i j)).mp (h (E.entry_mem i j))
change f (E.entry i j) ∈ (F.map f).algebra
rw [← ha]
simp only [map_sum,map_smul]
exact (F.map f).algebra.sum_mem fun k _ =>
(F.map f).algebra.sum_mem fun l _ => (F.map f).algebra.smul_mem ((F.map f).entry_mem k l) _
theorem mapped_reindex_relative (E : MatrixUnitSystem ι N.toStarSubalgebra)
(e : κ ≃ ι) (f : N.toStarSubalgebra →⋆ₐ[ℂ] M.toStarSubalgebra) :
((E.reindex e).map f).relativeVonNeumann=(E.map f).relativeVonNeumann := by
apply le_antisymm
· exact (E.map f).relative_antitone _ (E.map_algebra_mono _ (E.reindex_algebra e).ge f)
· exact ((E.reindex e).map f).relative_antitone _ ((E.reindex e).map_algebra_mono _
(E.reindex_algebra e).le f)
end MatrixUnitSystem
/-! An actual full matrix algebra of any positive finite size can be
constructed in the relative commutant. No commuting matrix units are assumed. -/
namespace Tracial
open UltrapowerBridge
variable {H : Type*} [NormedAddCommGroup H] [InnerProductSpace ℂ H] [CompleteSpace H]
variable {M : VonNeumannAlgebra H} {ι : Type*} [Fintype ι] [DecidableEq ι]
theorem exists_commuting_matrix_extension
(τ : TracialRepresentation M) (E : MatrixUnitSystem ι M.toStarSubalgebra) (o : ι)
(hfactor : ∀ c : M.toStarSubalgebra,
(∀ a : M.toStarSubalgebra,a*c=c*a) → ∃ z : ℂ,c=z • (1 : M.toStarSubalgebra))
(hdiff : ∀ p : M.toStarSubalgebra,IsStarProjection p → p ≠ 0 →
∃ q : M.toStarSubalgebra,IsStarProjection q ∧ q ≠ 0 ∧ q ≠ p ∧ p*q=q ∧ q*p=q)
(n : ℕ) (hn : 0 < n) :
∃ F : MatrixUnitSystem (Fin n) M.toStarSubalgebra,
∃ hc : ∀ i j k l,Commute (E.entry i j) (F.entry k l),
Function.Injective F.hom ∧
(∀ j,τ.trace (F.entry j j)=(((n : ℝ)⁻¹ : ℝ) : ℂ)) ∧
E.algebra ≤ (E.product F hc).algebra ∧
WOTClosed (E.product F hc).concreteAlgebra := by
let C := E.relativeVonNeumann
let τC := restrictedTrace τ E.relativeVonNeumann_le
obtain ⟨Q,hsize,ht⟩ := exists_uniform_trace_partition τC (E.relative_diffuse o hdiff)
n (identityProjection C) (n : ℝ)⁻¹ (inv_nonneg.mpr (Nat.cast_nonneg n)) (by
change τC.trace 1=(n : ℂ)*(((n : ℝ)⁻¹ : ℝ) : ℂ)
simp [τC.trace_one,hn.ne'])
subst n
obtain ⟨G,hdiag,hG,hGM,hGW⟩ := exists_matrixAlgebra_for_unit_partition τC
(E.relative_scalar_center o hfactor) Q hn (fun i j => (ht i).trans (ht j).symm)
let f := coordinateInclusion E.relativeVonNeumann_le
let F := G.map f
have hc : ∀ i j k l,Commute (E.entry i j) (F.entry k l) := by
intro i j k l
apply Subtype.ext
exact ((E.relativeStar_mem (G.entry k l).val).mp (G.entry k l).property).2 i j
refine ⟨F,hc,?_,?_,E.algebra_le_product_left F hc,
(E.product F hc).concreteAlgebra_wotClosed⟩
· intro a b hab
apply hG
have hm (a : Matrix (Fin Q.size) (Fin Q.size) ℂ) : F.hom a=f (G.hom a) := by
simp only [MatrixUnitSystem.hom_apply,map_sum,map_smul]
rfl
rw [hm,hm] at hab
exact (StarSubalgebra.inclusion_injective E.relativeVonNeumann_le) hab
· intro j
change τC.trace (G.entry j j)=_
rw [hdiag]
exact ht j
end Tracial
end Generator
end
end OAI