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Add lean source and binary files (part 83)
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import OAI.GroupTheory.UniversalGroup.Markers
namespace OAI
universe u v w x
namespace Higman.FreeBasis
section
variable {X : Type*}
noncomputable def erase (S : Set X) : FreeGroup X →* FreeGroup X := by
classical
exact FreeGroup.lift (fun x ↦ if x ∈ S then FreeGroup.of x else 1)
open Classical in
@[simp] theorem erase_of (S : Set X) (x : X) : erase S (FreeGroup.of x) =
if x ∈ S then FreeGroup.of x else 1 := by
classical
simp [erase]
abbrev span (S : Set X) : Subgroup (FreeGroup X) := Subgroup.closure (FreeGroup.of '' S)
theorem erase_eq_self_iff (S : Set X) (g : FreeGroup X) : erase S g = g ↔ g ∈ span S := by
classical
constructor
· intro hg
have hle : (erase S).range ≤ span S := by
rw [erase,FreeGroup.range_lift_eq_closure]
apply (Subgroup.closure_le _).mpr
rintro _ ⟨x,rfl⟩
by_cases hx : x ∈ S
· simp only [hx,ite_true]
exact Subgroup.subset_closure ⟨x,hx,rfl⟩
· simp only [hx,ite_false]
exact Subgroup.one_mem _
exact hle ⟨g,hg⟩
· have hle : span S ≤ (erase S).eqLocus (MonoidHom.id _) := by
apply (Subgroup.closure_le _).mpr
rintro _ ⟨x,hx,rfl⟩
change erase S (FreeGroup.of x) = FreeGroup.of x
simp [hx]
exact fun hg ↦ hle hg
theorem erase_comp (S T : Set X) : (erase S).comp (erase T) = erase (S ∩ T) := by
classical
apply FreeGroup.ext_hom
intro x
by_cases hxS : x ∈ S <;> by_cases hxT : x ∈ T <;> simp [hxS,hxT]
theorem span_inter (S T : Set X) : span S ⊓ span T = span (S ∩ T) := by
apply le_antisymm
· intro g hg
apply (erase_eq_self_iff _ _).mp
rw [← erase_comp]
change erase S (erase T g) = g
rw [(erase_eq_self_iff T g).mpr hg.2,(erase_eq_self_iff S g).mpr hg.1]
· exact le_inf (Subgroup.closure_mono (Set.image_mono Set.inter_subset_left))
(Subgroup.closure_mono (Set.image_mono Set.inter_subset_right))
theorem of_mem_span_iff (S : Set X) (x : X) : FreeGroup.of x ∈ span S ↔ x ∈ S := by
classical
constructor
· intro h
by_contra hx
have he := (erase_eq_self_iff S (FreeGroup.of x)).mpr h
simp only [erase_of,hx,ite_false] at he
exact FreeGroup.of_ne_one x he.symm
· intro hx
exact Subgroup.subset_closure ⟨x,hx,rfl⟩
end
variable {X : Type*} {G : Type*} [Group G]
theorem map_span_inf (d : FreeGroup X →* G) (r : G →* FreeGroup X)
(hr : r.comp d = MonoidHom.id _) (U V : Set X) (A : Subgroup G)
(hsupport : A.map r ≤ span U)
(hletters : ∀ x ∈ U, d (FreeGroup.of x) ∈ A) :
(span V).map d ⊓ A = (span (V ∩ U)).map d := by
apply le_antisymm
· rintro g ⟨⟨w,hw,rfl⟩,hA⟩
refine ⟨w,?_,rfl⟩
rw [← span_inter]
refine ⟨hw,?_⟩
have hh := hsupport (Subgroup.mem_map.mpr ⟨d w,hA,rfl⟩)
change w ∈ span U
simpa only [← MonoidHom.comp_apply,hr,MonoidHom.id_apply] using hh
· apply le_inf
· exact Subgroup.map_mono (Subgroup.closure_mono (Set.image_mono Set.inter_subset_left))
· rw [span,MonoidHom.map_closure]
apply (Subgroup.closure_le _).mpr
rintro _ ⟨_,⟨x,hx,rfl⟩,rfl⟩
exact hletters x hx.2
end Higman.FreeBasis
namespace Higman.DecoratedMarker
open Monoid Coprod
variable {G : Type u} [Group G] {T : Type v} [Group T] {Q : Type w}
theorem eq_inclusion_of_right_eq_one (x : Base G T Q) (hx : (test x).right = 1) :
x = inclusion (test x).left := by
apply (decomposition (G := G) (T := T) (Q := Q)).injective
change test x = test (inclusion (test x).left)
rw [← MonoidHom.comp_apply,test_comp]
apply SemidirectProduct.ext
· rfl
· exact hx
end Higman.DecoratedMarker
namespace Higman.MarkerEmbedding
section
open Monoid Coprod DecoratedMarker
variable {G : Type u} [Group G] {D : Type v} [Group D]
{T : Type w} [Group T] {P Q : Type*}
@[simp] theorem test_embedding (f : D →* T) (o : P → T) (q : P → Q)
(w : P → G) (x : Base G D P) :
test (embedding f o q w x) =
SemidirectProduct.map (kernelMap f o q w) f (kernelMap_shift f o q w) (test x) := by
change (test.comp inverse) _ = _
rw [test_comp_inverse]
rfl
@[simp] theorem embedding_inclusion (f : D →* T) (o : P → T) (q : P → Q)
(w : P → G) (x : Kernel G D P) :
embedding f o q w (inclusion x) = inclusion (kernelMap f o q w x) := by
simp only [embedding,MonoidHom.comp_apply]
rw [← MonoidHom.comp_apply (test : Base G D P →* _),test_comp]
simp
theorem kernel_intersection (f : D →* T) (hf : Function.Injective f)
(o : P → T) (q : P → Q) (w : P → G) (R : Subgroup (Kernel G T Q)) :
R.map inclusion ⊓ (embedding f o q w).range =
(R ⊓ (kernelMap f o q w).range).map inclusion := by
apply le_antisymm
· rintro _ ⟨⟨a,ha,rfl⟩,⟨x,hx⟩⟩
have hxright : (test x).right = 1 := by
apply hf
have he := congrArg (fun y : Base G T Q ↦ (test y).right) hx
simp only [test_embedding,SemidirectProduct.map_right] at he
rw [← MonoidHom.comp_apply,test_comp] at he
simpa only [SemidirectProduct.right_inl,map_one] using he
have hx' := eq_inclusion_of_right_eq_one x hxright
refine ⟨a,⟨ha,?_⟩,rfl⟩
refine ⟨(test x).left,?_⟩
apply inclusion_injective
rw [← embedding_inclusion,← hx']
exact hx
· rintro _ ⟨a,⟨ha,⟨x,hx⟩⟩,rfl⟩
refine ⟨⟨a,ha,rfl⟩,inclusion x,?_⟩
rw [embedding_inclusion,hx]
lemma projection_kernelMap (f : D →* T) (o : P → T) (q : P → Q) (w : P → G) :
(Coprod.snd : Kernel G T Q →* FreeGroup (T × Q)).comp (kernelMap f o q w) =
(FreeGroup.map (index f o q)).comp (Coprod.snd : Kernel G D P →* _) := by
apply Coprod.hom_ext
· apply MonoidHom.ext
intro g
simp
· apply FreeGroup.ext_hom
intro x
simp
lemma range_projection_support (f : D →* T) (o : P → T) (q : P → Q) (w : P → G) :
(kernelMap f o q w).range.map Coprod.snd ≤ FreeBasis.span (Set.range (index f o q)) := by
rintro _ ⟨_,⟨x,rfl⟩,rfl⟩
have he := DFunLike.congr_fun (projection_kernelMap f o q w) x
change Coprod.snd (kernelMap f o q w x) ∈ FreeBasis.span (Set.range (index f o q))
rw [show Coprod.snd (kernelMap f o q w x) = FreeGroup.map (index f o q) (Coprod.snd x) from he]
have hm : FreeGroup.map (index f o q) (Coprod.snd x) ∈ (FreeGroup.map (index f o q)).range :=
⟨Coprod.snd x,rfl⟩
simpa only [FreeGroup.range_map,FreeBasis.span] using hm
lemma decorated_letter_mem_range (f : D →* T) (o : P → T) (q : P → Q) (w : P → G)
(v : T × Q → G) (x : T × Q) (hx : x ∈ Set.range (index f o q)) :
DecoratedFreeBasis.inclusion v (FreeGroup.of x) ∈ (kernelMap f o q w).range := by
obtain ⟨⟨d,p⟩,rfl⟩ := hx
refine ⟨inl (v (index f o q (d,p)) * (w p)⁻¹) * inr (FreeGroup.of (d,p)),?_⟩
simp [mul_assoc]
theorem decorated_kernel_intersection (f : D →* T) (o : P → T) (q : P → Q)
(w : P → G) (v : T × Q → G) (V : Set (T × Q)) :
(FreeBasis.span V).map (DecoratedFreeBasis.inclusion v) ⊓ (kernelMap f o q w).range =
(FreeBasis.span (V ∩ Set.range (index f o q))).map (DecoratedFreeBasis.inclusion v) :=
FreeBasis.map_span_inf (DecoratedFreeBasis.inclusion v) Coprod.snd
(DecoratedFreeBasis.projection_comp v) (Set.range (index f o q)) V _
(range_projection_support f o q w) (decorated_letter_mem_range f o q w v)
def decoratedSubgroup (v : T × Q → G) (V : Set (T × Q)) : Subgroup (Base G T Q) :=
(FreeBasis.span V).map (inclusion.comp (DecoratedFreeBasis.inclusion v))
theorem decorated_intersection (f : D →* T) (hf : Function.Injective f)
(o : P → T) (q : P → Q) (w : P → G) (v : T × Q → G) (V : Set (T × Q)) :
decoratedSubgroup v V ⊓ (embedding f o q w).range =
decoratedSubgroup v (V ∩ Set.range (index f o q)) := by
rw [decoratedSubgroup,← Subgroup.map_map,kernel_intersection f hf o q w,
decorated_kernel_intersection,Subgroup.map_map]
rfl
theorem decoratedSubgroup_eq_closure (v : T × Q → G) (V : Set (T × Q)) :
decoratedSubgroup v V =
Subgroup.closure ((fun x : T × Q ↦ coefficient (v x) * marker x.1 x.2) '' V) := by
rw [decoratedSubgroup,FreeBasis.span,MonoidHom.map_closure,Set.image_image]
congr 1
end
open DecoratedMarker
variable {G : Type u} [Group G] {T : Type v} [Group T] {Q : Type w}
{D : Type*} [Group D] {P : Type*}
def pullDecoration (f : D →* T) (o : P → T) (q : P → Q) (w : P → G)
(v : T × Q → G) (x : D × P) : G := v (index f o q x) * (w x.2)⁻¹
@[simp] lemma embedding_decorated (f : D →* T) (o : P → T) (q : P → Q) (w : P → G)
(v : T × Q → G) (x : D × P) :
embedding f o q w (coefficient (pullDecoration f o q w v x) * marker x.1 x.2) =
coefficient (v (index f o q x)) * marker (index f o q x).1 (index f o q x).2 := by
rw [map_mul,embedding_coefficient,embedding_marker,← mul_assoc,← map_mul]
simp [pullDecoration,index]
lemma map_decoratedSubgroup (f : D →* T) (o : P → T) (q : P → Q) (w : P → G)
(v : T × Q → G) (W : Set (D × P)) :
(decoratedSubgroup (pullDecoration f o q w v) W).map (embedding f o q w) =
decoratedSubgroup v (index f o q '' W) := by
rw [decoratedSubgroup_eq_closure,MonoidHom.map_closure,decoratedSubgroup_eq_closure]
simp only [Set.image_image,embedding_decorated]
theorem comap_decoratedSubgroup [Nonempty P] (f : D →* T) (hf : Function.Injective f)
(o : P → T) (q : P → Q) (w : P → G) (hi : Function.Injective (index f o q))
(v : T × Q → G) (V : Set (T × Q)) :
(decoratedSubgroup v V).comap (embedding f o q w) =
decoratedSubgroup (pullDecoration f o q w v) (index f o q ⁻¹' V) := by
apply Subgroup.map_injective (embedding_injective f hf o q w hi)
rw [Subgroup.map_comap_eq,inf_comm,decorated_intersection f hf,
map_decoratedSubgroup,Set.image_preimage_eq_inter_range]
end Higman.MarkerEmbedding
namespace Higman.PartialIso
variable {H : Type u} [Group H] {G : Type u} [Group G]
noncomputable def ofEmbeddings (i j : H →* G) (hi : Function.Injective i)
(hj : Function.Injective j) : PartialIso G where
source := i.range
target := j.range
equiv := (MonoidHom.ofInjective hi).symm.trans (MonoidHom.ofInjective hj)
@[simp] theorem ofEmbeddings_apply (i j : H →* G) (hi : Function.Injective i)
(hj : Function.Injective j) (x : H) :
((ofEmbeddings i j hi hj).equiv (MonoidHom.ofInjective hi x) : G) = j x := by
change j ((MonoidHom.ofInjective hi).symm ((MonoidHom.ofInjective hi) x)) = j x
rw [MulEquiv.symm_apply_apply]
lemma ofEmbeddings_invariant_iff (i j : H →* G) (hi : Function.Injective i)
(hj : Function.Injective j) (R : Subgroup G) :
(ofEmbeddings i j hi hj).Invariant R ↔ R.comap i = R.comap j := by
constructor
· intro h
ext x
simpa only [ofEmbeddings_apply,MonoidHom.ofInjective_apply,Subgroup.mem_comap] using
(h (MonoidHom.ofInjective hi x)).symm
· intro h a
obtain ⟨x,rfl⟩ := (MonoidHom.ofInjective hi).surjective a
rw [ofEmbeddings_apply]
change x ∈ R.comap j ↔ x ∈ R.comap i
rw [h]
end Higman.PartialIso
namespace Higman.MarkerMachine
open DecoratedMarker MarkerEmbedding
structure Edge (G T : Type u) [Group G] [Group T] (Q : Type u) where
Domain : Type u
[domainGroup : Group Domain]
inputLinear : Domain →* T
outputLinear : Domain →* T
input_injective : Function.Injective inputLinear
output_injective : Function.Injective outputLinear
inputOffset : T
outputOffset : T
inputState : Q
outputState : Q
weight : G
attribute [instance] Edge.domainGroup
variable {G T Q : Type u} [Group G] [Group T]
namespace Edge
variable (e : Edge G T Q)
def input (d : e.Domain) : T × Q := (e.inputLinear d * e.inputOffset,e.inputState)
def output (d : e.Domain) : T × Q := (e.outputLinear d * e.outputOffset,e.outputState)
def inputMap : Base G e.Domain Unit →* Base G T Q :=
embedding e.inputLinear (fun _ ↦ e.inputOffset) (fun _ ↦ e.inputState) (fun _ ↦ 1)
def outputMap : Base G e.Domain Unit →* Base G T Q :=
embedding e.outputLinear (fun _ ↦ e.outputOffset) (fun _ ↦ e.outputState) (fun _ ↦ e.weight)
lemma input_index_injective : Function.Injective
(index e.inputLinear (fun _ : Unit ↦ e.inputOffset) (fun _ ↦ e.inputState)) :=
index_injective e.inputLinear e.input_injective _ _ (Function.injective_of_subsingleton _)
lemma output_index_injective : Function.Injective
(index e.outputLinear (fun _ : Unit ↦ e.outputOffset) (fun _ ↦ e.outputState)) :=
index_injective e.outputLinear e.output_injective _ _ (Function.injective_of_subsingleton _)
lemma inputMap_injective : Function.Injective e.inputMap :=
embedding_injective e.inputLinear e.input_injective _ _ _ e.input_index_injective
lemma outputMap_injective : Function.Injective e.outputMap :=
embedding_injective e.outputLinear e.output_injective _ _ _ e.output_index_injective
noncomputable def partialIso : PartialIso (Base G T Q) :=
PartialIso.ofEmbeddings e.inputMap e.outputMap e.inputMap_injective e.outputMap_injective
lemma inputMap_decorated (v : G) (d : e.Domain) :
e.inputMap (coefficient v * marker d ()) =
coefficient v * marker (e.input d).1 (e.input d).2 := by
simp [inputMap,input]
lemma outputMap_decorated (v : G) (d : e.Domain) :
e.outputMap (coefficient v * marker d ()) =
coefficient (v * e.weight) * marker (e.output d).1 (e.output d).2 := by
simp [outputMap,output,map_mul,mul_assoc]
end Edge
end Higman.MarkerMachine
namespace Higman.MarkerEmbedding
open DecoratedMarker
variable {G : Type u} [Group G] {T : Type v} [Group T] {Q : Type w}
lemma decoratedSubgroup_congr {v w : T × Q → G} {V : Set (T × Q)}
(h : ∀ x ∈ V, v x = w x) : decoratedSubgroup v V = decoratedSubgroup w V := by
rw [decoratedSubgroup_eq_closure,decoratedSubgroup_eq_closure]
congr 1
apply Set.image_congr
intro x hx
rw [h x hx]
end Higman.MarkerEmbedding
namespace Higman.MarkerMachine.Edge
open DecoratedMarker MarkerEmbedding
variable {G T Q : Type u} [Group G] [Group T] (e : Edge G T Q)
theorem invariant (v : T × Q → G) (V : Set (T × Q))
(hV : ∀ d, e.input d ∈ V ↔ e.output d ∈ V)
(hv : ∀ d, e.input d ∈ V → v (e.output d) = v (e.input d) * e.weight) :
e.partialIso.Invariant (decoratedSubgroup v V) := by
rw [partialIso,PartialIso.ofEmbeddings_invariant_iff]
unfold inputMap outputMap
rw [comap_decoratedSubgroup e.inputLinear e.input_injective _ _ _ e.input_index_injective,
comap_decoratedSubgroup e.outputLinear e.output_injective _ _ _ e.output_index_injective]
have he : index e.inputLinear (fun _ : Unit ↦ e.inputOffset) (fun _ ↦ e.inputState) ⁻¹' V =
index e.outputLinear (fun _ : Unit ↦ e.outputOffset) (fun _ ↦ e.outputState) ⁻¹' V := by
ext x
exact hV x.1
rw [← he]
apply decoratedSubgroup_congr
rintro ⟨d,p⟩ hd
change v (e.input d) * (1 : G)⁻¹ = v (e.output d) * e.weight⁻¹
change e.input d ∈ V at hd
rw [hv d hd]
simp
lemma invariant_decorated_iff (R : Subgroup (Base G T Q)) (hR : e.partialIso.Invariant R)
(a : G) (d : e.Domain) :
coefficient (a * e.weight) * marker (e.output d).1 (e.output d).2 ∈ R ↔
coefficient a * marker (e.input d).1 (e.input d).2 ∈ R := by
have hh := hR (MonoidHom.ofInjective e.inputMap_injective (coefficient a * marker d ()))
change ((PartialIso.ofEmbeddings e.inputMap e.outputMap _ _).equiv
(MonoidHom.ofInjective e.inputMap_injective (coefficient a * marker d ())) :
Base G T Q) ∈ R ↔ _ at hh
simpa only [PartialIso.ofEmbeddings_apply,MonoidHom.ofInjective_apply,
inputMap_decorated,outputMap_decorated] using hh
lemma source_fg [Group.IsFinitelyPresented G] [Group.IsFinitelyPresented e.Domain] :
e.partialIso.source.FG := by
have : Group.IsFinitelyPresented (G × e.Domain) := finitelyPresented_prod
obtain ⟨n,p,hp,_⟩ := Group.IsFinitelyPresented.out (G := Base G e.Domain Unit)
have : Group.FG (Base G e.Domain Unit) := Group.fg_of_surjective hp
exact (Group.fg_iff_subgroup_fg e.inputMap.range).mp inferInstance
end Higman.MarkerMachine.Edge
namespace Higman.MarkerMachine
open DecoratedMarker MarkerEmbedding
variable {G T Q : Type u} [Group G] [Group T]
inductive Reach (es : List (Edge G T Q)) (seed : T × Q) : T × Q → Prop
| start : Reach es seed seed
| forward (e : Edge G T Q) (he : e ∈ es) (d : e.Domain) :
Reach es seed (e.input d) → Reach es seed (e.output d)
| backward (e : Edge G T Q) (he : e ∈ es) (d : e.Domain) :
Reach es seed (e.output d) → Reach es seed (e.input d)
lemma reach_iff (es : List (Edge G T Q)) (seed : T × Q) (e : Edge G T Q) (he : e ∈ es)
(d : e.Domain) : Reach es seed (e.input d) ↔ Reach es seed (e.output d) :=
⟨Reach.forward e he d,Reach.backward e he d⟩
def word (v : T × Q → G) (c : T × Q) : Base G T Q :=
coefficient (v c) * marker c.1 c.2
theorem orbit_eq (es : List (Edge G T Q)) (seed : T × Q) (v : T × Q → G)
(hv : ∀ e ∈ es, ∀ d, Reach es seed (e.input d) →
v (e.output d) = v (e.input d) * e.weight) :
Orbit.subgroup (es.map Edge.partialIso) {word v seed} =
decoratedSubgroup v {c | Reach es seed c} := by
apply le_antisymm
· apply Orbit.minimal
· rintro x (rfl : x = word v seed)
rw [decoratedSubgroup_eq_closure]
exact Subgroup.subset_closure ⟨seed,Reach.start,rfl⟩
· intro p hp
obtain ⟨e,he,rfl⟩ := List.mem_map.mp hp
exact e.invariant v _ (reach_iff es seed e he) (hv e he)
· rw [decoratedSubgroup_eq_closure]
apply (Subgroup.closure_le _).mpr
rintro _ ⟨c,hc,rfl⟩
change word v c ∈ Orbit.subgroup (es.map Edge.partialIso) {word v seed}
induction hc with
| start => exact Orbit.subset _ _ (Set.mem_singleton _)
| forward e he d hr ih =>
have hinv := Orbit.invariant (es.map Edge.partialIso) {word v seed} e.partialIso
(List.mem_map.mpr ⟨e,he,rfl⟩)
change coefficient (v (e.output d)) * marker (e.output d).1 (e.output d).2 ∈ _
rw [hv e he d hr]
exact (e.invariant_decorated_iff _ hinv (v (e.input d)) d).mpr ih
| backward e he d hr ih =>
have hinv := Orbit.invariant (es.map Edge.partialIso) {word v seed} e.partialIso
(List.mem_map.mpr ⟨e,he,rfl⟩)
apply (e.invariant_decorated_iff _ hinv (v (e.input d)) d).mp
rw [← hv e he d (Reach.backward e he d hr)]
exact ih
theorem benign [Group.IsFinitelyPresented G] [Group.IsFinitelyPresented T] [Finite Q]
(es : List (Edge G T Q)) (hD : ∀ e ∈ es, Group.IsFinitelyPresented e.Domain)
(seed : T × Q) (v : T × Q → G)
(hv : ∀ e ∈ es, ∀ d, Reach es seed (e.input d) →
v (e.output d) = v (e.input d) * e.weight) :
IsBenign (decoratedSubgroup v {c | Reach es seed c}) := by
have : Group.IsFinitelyPresented (G × T) := finitelyPresented_prod
rw [← orbit_eq es seed v hv]
apply Orbit.benign _ _ _ (Set.finite_singleton _)
intro p hp
obtain ⟨e,he,rfl⟩ := List.mem_map.mp hp
have := hD e he
exact e.source_fg
end Higman.MarkerMachine
end OAI