import Mathlib namespace OAI /-! Quadratic remainders, adic contraction and Tougeron corrections. -/ noncomputable section open scoped BigOperators namespace PD4Tensor.Spreading noncomputable section open scoped BigOperators open MvPolynomial variable {R σ : Type*} [CommRing R] [Fintype σ] [DecidableEq σ] def mvShift (a : σ → R) : MvPolynomial σ R →ₐ[R] MvPolynomial σ R := aeval (fun i=>C (a i)+X i) def mvLinearPart (a : σ → R) (f : MvPolynomial σ R) : MvPolynomial σ R := ∑ i : σ,C (eval a (pderiv i f))*X i def mvRemainder (a : σ → R) (f : MvPolynomial σ R) : MvPolynomial σ R := mvShift a f-C (eval a f)-mvLinearPart a f private theorem mvLinearPart_mul_X (a : σ → R) (f : MvPolynomial σ R) (k : σ) : mvLinearPart a (f*X k)=mvLinearPart a f*C (a k)+C (eval a f)*X k := by simp only [mvLinearPart,pderiv_mul,map_add,map_mul,eval_X,add_mul, Finset.sum_add_distrib] congr 1 · rw [Finset.sum_mul] apply Finset.sum_congr rfl intro i hi ring · rw [Finset.sum_eq_single k] · simp · intro i hi hik simp [pderiv_X,Ne.symm hik] · simp private theorem mvRemainder_mul_X (a : σ → R) (f : MvPolynomial σ R) (k : σ) : mvRemainder a (f*X k)=mvRemainder a f*(C (a k)+X k)+mvLinearPart a f*X k := by rw [mvRemainder,mvRemainder,mvLinearPart_mul_X] simp only [map_mul,eval_X,mvShift,aeval_X] ring private theorem mvRemainder_mem (a : σ → R) (f : MvPolynomial σ R) : mvRemainder a f ∈ Ideal.span (Set.range (fun ij : σ×σ=>(X ij.1*X ij.2 : MvPolynomial σ R))) := by let J : Ideal (MvPolynomial σ R) := Ideal.span (Set.range (fun ij : σ×σ=>X ij.1*X ij.2)) change mvRemainder a f∈J induction f using MvPolynomial.induction_on with | C r => have h : mvRemainder a (C r)=0 := by simp only [mvRemainder,mvShift,aeval_C,eval_C,mvLinearPart,pderiv_C, map_zero,zero_mul,Finset.sum_const_zero,sub_zero] change C r-C r=0 exact sub_self _ rw [h] exact J.zero_mem | add f g hf hg => have h : mvRemainder a (f+g)=mvRemainder a f+mvRemainder a g := by simp only [mvRemainder,map_add,mvLinearPart,map_add,add_mul,Finset.sum_add_distrib] ring rw [h] exact J.add_mem hf hg | mul_X f k hf => rw [mvRemainder_mul_X] apply J.add_mem (J.mul_mem_right _ hf) rw [mvLinearPart,Finset.sum_mul] apply J.sum_mem intro i hi have h : X i*X k∈J := Ideal.subset_span (Set.mem_range_self (i,k)) simpa only [mul_assoc] using J.mul_mem_left (C (eval a (pderiv i f))) h theorem mv_polynomial_quadratic_remainder (f : MvPolynomial σ R) (a : σ → R) : ∃ q : σ → σ → MvPolynomial σ R, mvShift a f=C (eval a f)+mvLinearPart a f+ ∑ i : σ,∑ j : σ,X i*X j*q i j := by obtain ⟨q,hq⟩ := Ideal.mem_span_range_iff_exists_fun.mp (mvRemainder_mem a f) refine ⟨fun i j=>q (i,j),?_⟩ have he : (∑ i : σ,∑ j : σ,X i*X j*q (i,j))=mvRemainder a f := by rw [←Finset.sum_product'] rw [Finset.univ_product_univ] calc _ = ∑ ij : σ×σ,q ij*(X ij.1*X ij.2) := by apply Finset.sum_congr rfl intro ij hij cases ij exact mul_comm _ _ _ = _ := hq rw [he,mvRemainder] ring theorem mv_eval_quadratic_remainder (f : MvPolynomial σ R) (a : σ → R) : ∃ q : σ → σ → MvPolynomial σ R,∀ h : σ → R, eval (a+h) f=eval a f+(∑ i : σ,eval a (pderiv i f)*h i)+ ∑ i : σ,∑ j : σ,h i*h j*eval h (q i j) := by obtain ⟨q,hq⟩ := mv_polynomial_quadratic_remainder f a refine ⟨q,?_⟩ intro h have he := congrArg (eval h) hq have hshift : eval h (mvShift a f)=eval (a+h) f := by have hh : (eval h).comp (mvShift a).toRingHom=eval (a+h) := by apply MvPolynomial.ringHom_ext · intro r simp only [RingHom.comp_apply,mvShift,AlgHom.toRingHom_eq_coe, AlgHom.coe_toRingHom,aeval_C,algebraMap_eq,eval_C] · intro i change eval h ((aeval (fun i=>C (a i)+X i)) (X i)) = _ simp only [aeval_X,map_add,eval_C,eval_X,Pi.add_apply] exact RingHom.congr_fun hh f simpa only [hshift,map_add,map_sum,map_mul,eval_C,eval_X,mvLinearPart] using he end end PD4Tensor.Spreading namespace PD4Tensor.Spreading noncomputable section open scoped BigOperators open MvPolynomial variable {R σ : Type*} [CommRing R] [Fintype σ] [DecidableEq σ] omit [Fintype σ] [DecidableEq σ] in theorem mv_eval_sub_mem (J : Ideal R) (f : MvPolynomial σ R) (u v : σ → R) (h : ∀ i,u i-v i∈J) : eval u f-eval v f∈J := by apply Ideal.Quotient.eq_zero_iff_mem.mp rw [map_sub,sub_eq_zero] have he : (Ideal.Quotient.mk J).comp (eval u)=(Ideal.Quotient.mk J).comp (eval v) := by apply MvPolynomial.ringHom_ext · intro r simp · intro i simp only [RingHom.comp_apply,eval_X] exact sub_eq_zero.mp ((map_sub _ _ _).symm.trans (Ideal.Quotient.eq_zero_iff_mem.mpr (h i))) exact RingHom.congr_fun he f omit [DecidableEq σ] in theorem mv_quadratic_sub_mem (I : Ideal R) (n : ℕ) (q : σ → σ → MvPolynomial σ R) (u v : σ → R) (hu : ∀i,u i∈I) (hv : ∀i,v i∈I) (h : ∀i,u i-v i∈I^n) : (∑ i : σ,∑ j : σ,u i*u j*eval u (q i j))- (∑ i : σ,∑ j : σ,v i*v j*eval v (q i j))∈I^(n+1) := by rw [←Finset.sum_sub_distrib] apply Ideal.sum_mem intro i hi rw [←Finset.sum_sub_distrib] apply Ideal.sum_mem intro j hj have he : u i*u j*eval u (q i j)-v i*v j*eval v (q i j)= (u i-v i)*u j*eval u (q i j)+ v i*(u j-v j)*eval u (q i j)+ v i*v j*(eval u (q i j)-eval v (q i j)) := by ring rw [he] apply Ideal.add_mem · apply Ideal.add_mem · apply Ideal.mul_mem_right rw [pow_succ] exact Ideal.mul_mem_mul (h i) (hu j) · apply Ideal.mul_mem_right rw [pow_succ'] exact Ideal.mul_mem_mul (hv i) (h j) · rw [mul_assoc] apply Ideal.mul_mem_left rw [pow_succ'] exact Ideal.mul_mem_mul (hv j) (mv_eval_sub_mem _ _ _ _ h) omit [DecidableEq σ] in theorem adic_quadratic_system (I : Ideal R) [IsAdicComplete I R] (e : σ → R) (he : ∀i,e i∈I) (q : σ → σ → σ → MvPolynomial σ R) : ∃ z : σ → R,(∀i,z i∈I) ∧ ∀k, e k+z k+∑ i : σ,∑ j : σ,z i*z j*eval z (q k i j)=0 := by let Q (z : σ → R) (k : σ) : R := ∑ i : σ,∑ j : σ,z i*z j*eval z (q k i j) let c : ℕ → σ → R := fun n=>Nat.recOn n 0 (fun _ z k=>-e k-Q z k) have hc (n : ℕ) (k : σ) : c (n+1) k=-e k-Q (c n) k := rfl have hmem : ∀ n k,c n k∈I := by intro n induction n with | zero => intro k; exact I.zero_mem | succ n ih => intro k rw [hc] apply I.sub_mem (I.neg_mem (he k)) apply I.sum_mem intro i hi apply I.sum_mem intro j hj exact I.mul_mem_right _ (I.mul_mem_right _ (ih i)) have hstep : ∀ n k,c (n+1) k-c n k∈I^(n+1) := by intro n induction n with | zero => intro k simpa only [Nat.zero_add,pow_one,show c 0 k=0 from rfl,sub_zero] using hmem 1 k | succ n ih => intro k rw [hc (n+1),hc n] have hh := mv_quadratic_sub_mem I (n+1) (q k) (c (n+1)) (c n) (hmem (n+1)) (hmem n) ih have heq : -e k-Q (c (n+1)) k-(-e k-Q (c n) k)= -(Q (c (n+1)) k-Q (c n) k) := by ring rw [heq] exact (I^((n+1)+1)).neg_mem hh have hdiff : ∀ m n,m ≤ n → ∀k,c m k-c n k∈I^m := by intro m n hmn obtain ⟨l,rfl⟩ := Nat.exists_eq_add_of_le hmn induction l with | zero => intro k; simp only [add_zero,sub_self]; exact Ideal.zero_mem _ | succ l ih => intro k have ha := Ideal.pow_le_pow_right (by omega : m ≤ m+l+1) (hstep (m+l) k) have hb := (I^m).sub_mem (ih (by omega) k) ha convert hb using 1 simp only [Nat.add_assoc] ring have hex : ∀k,∃z : R,∀n,c n k-z∈I^n := by intro k obtain ⟨z,hz⟩ := IsPrecomplete.prec' (I:=I) (fun n=>c n k) (by intro m n hmn rw [←Ideal.one_eq_top,Ideal.smul_eq_mul,mul_one] exact SModEq.sub_mem.mpr (hdiff m n hmn k)) refine ⟨z,?_⟩ intro n specialize hz n rw [←Ideal.one_eq_top,Ideal.smul_eq_mul,mul_one] at hz exact SModEq.sub_mem.mp hz choose z hz using hex have hzi (k : σ) : z k∈I := by have hh := hz k 1 rw [pow_one] at hh have h := I.sub_mem (hmem 1 k) hh simpa only [sub_sub_cancel] using h refine ⟨z,hzi,?_⟩ intro k apply IsHausdorff.haus' (I:=I) intro n rw [←Ideal.one_eq_top,Ideal.smul_eq_mul,mul_one,SModEq.zero] have hq := mv_quadratic_sub_mem I n (q k) (c n) z (hmem n) hzi (fun i=>hz i n) have hqn : Q (c n) k-Q z k∈I^n := Ideal.pow_le_pow_right (by omega : n ≤ n+1) hq have hcn : c (n+1) k-z k∈I^n := Ideal.pow_le_pow_right (by omega : n ≤ n+1) (hz k (n+1)) have hh := (I^n).neg_mem ((I^n).add_mem hcn hqn) rw [hc] at hh convert hh using 1 dsimp only [Q] ring end end PD4Tensor.Spreading namespace PD4Tensor.Spreading noncomputable section open scoped BigOperators open MvPolynomial variable {R σ : Type*} [CommRing R] [Fintype σ] [DecidableEq σ] omit [Fintype σ] [DecidableEq σ] in theorem adic_contractive_system (I : Ideal R) [IsAdicComplete I R] (e : σ → R) (he : ∀ i,e i∈I) (Q : (σ → R) → σ → R) (hQI : ∀ z,(∀ i,z i∈I) → ∀ k,Q z k∈I) (hQC : ∀ n u v,(∀ i,u i∈I) → (∀ i,v i∈I) → (∀ i,u i-v i∈I^n) → ∀ k,Q u k-Q v k∈I^(n+1)) : ∃ z : σ → R,(∀ i,z i∈I) ∧ ∀ k,e k+z k+Q z k=0 := by let c : ℕ → σ → R := fun n=>Nat.recOn n 0 (fun _ z k=>-e k-Q z k) have hc (n : ℕ) (k : σ) : c (n+1) k=-e k-Q (c n) k := rfl have hmem : ∀ n k,c n k∈I := by intro n induction n with | zero => intro k; exact I.zero_mem | succ n ih => intro k rw [hc] apply I.sub_mem (I.neg_mem (he k)) exact hQI (c n) ih k have hstep : ∀ n k,c (n+1) k-c n k∈I^(n+1) := by intro n induction n with | zero => intro k simpa only [Nat.zero_add,pow_one,show c 0 k=0 from rfl,sub_zero] using hmem 1 k | succ n ih => intro k rw [hc (n+1),hc n] have hh := hQC (n+1) (c (n+1)) (c n) (hmem (n+1)) (hmem n) ih k have heq : -e k-Q (c (n+1)) k-(-e k-Q (c n) k)= -(Q (c (n+1)) k-Q (c n) k) := by ring rw [heq] exact (I^((n+1)+1)).neg_mem hh have hdiff : ∀ m n,m ≤ n → ∀k,c m k-c n k∈I^m := by intro m n hmn obtain ⟨l,rfl⟩ := Nat.exists_eq_add_of_le hmn induction l with | zero => intro k; simp only [add_zero,sub_self]; exact Ideal.zero_mem _ | succ l ih => intro k have ha := Ideal.pow_le_pow_right (by omega : m ≤ m+l+1) (hstep (m+l) k) have hb := (I^m).sub_mem (ih (by omega) k) ha convert hb using 1 simp only [Nat.add_assoc] ring have hex : ∀k,∃z : R,∀n,c n k-z∈I^n := by intro k obtain ⟨z,hz⟩ := IsPrecomplete.prec' (I:=I) (fun n=>c n k) (by intro m n hmn rw [←Ideal.one_eq_top,Ideal.smul_eq_mul,mul_one] exact SModEq.sub_mem.mpr (hdiff m n hmn k)) refine ⟨z,?_⟩ intro n specialize hz n rw [←Ideal.one_eq_top,Ideal.smul_eq_mul,mul_one] at hz exact SModEq.sub_mem.mp hz choose z hz using hex have hzi (k : σ) : z k∈I := by have hh := hz k 1 rw [pow_one] at hh have h := I.sub_mem (hmem 1 k) hh simpa only [sub_sub_cancel] using h refine ⟨z,hzi,?_⟩ intro k apply IsHausdorff.haus' (I:=I) intro n rw [←Ideal.one_eq_top,Ideal.smul_eq_mul,mul_one,SModEq.zero] have hq := hQC n (c n) z (hmem n) hzi (fun i=>hz i n) k have hqn : Q (c n) k-Q z k∈I^n := Ideal.pow_le_pow_right (by omega : n ≤ n+1) hq have hcn : c (n+1) k-z k∈I^n := Ideal.pow_le_pow_right (by omega : n ≤ n+1) (hz k (n+1)) have hh := (I^n).neg_mem ((I^n).add_mem hcn hqn) rw [hc] at hh convert hh using 1 ring end end PD4Tensor.Spreading namespace PD4Tensor.Spreading noncomputable section open scoped BigOperators Matrix open MvPolynomial variable {R σ : Type*} [CommRing R] [Fintype σ] [DecidableEq σ] omit [DecidableEq σ] in theorem mv_quadratic_mixed_sub_mem (I : Ideal R) (n : ℕ) (q : σ → σ → MvPolynomial σ R) (u v u' v' : σ → R) (hu : ∀i,u i∈I) (hv : ∀i,v i∈I) (h : ∀i,u i-v i∈I^n) (h' : ∀i,u' i-v' i∈I^n) : (∑ i : σ,∑ j : σ,u i*u j*eval u' (q i j))- (∑ i : σ,∑ j : σ,v i*v j*eval v' (q i j))∈I^(n+1) := by rw [←Finset.sum_sub_distrib] apply Ideal.sum_mem intro i hi rw [←Finset.sum_sub_distrib] apply Ideal.sum_mem intro j hj have he : u i*u j*eval u' (q i j)-v i*v j*eval v' (q i j)= (u i-v i)*u j*eval u' (q i j)+ v i*(u j-v j)*eval u' (q i j)+ v i*v j*(eval u' (q i j)-eval v' (q i j)) := by ring rw [he] apply Ideal.add_mem · apply Ideal.add_mem · apply Ideal.mul_mem_right rw [pow_succ] exact Ideal.mul_mem_mul (h i) (hu j) · apply Ideal.mul_mem_right rw [pow_succ'] exact Ideal.mul_mem_mul (hv i) (h j) · rw [mul_assoc] apply Ideal.mul_mem_left rw [pow_succ'] exact Ideal.mul_mem_mul (hv j) (mv_eval_sub_mem _ _ _ _ h') omit [DecidableEq σ] in private theorem mulVec_mem_ideal (I : Ideal R) (A : Matrix σ σ R) (z : σ → R) (hz : ∀ i,z i∈I) (k : σ) : (A*ᵥz) k∈I := by apply I.sum_mem intro i hi exact I.mul_mem_left _ (hz i) omit [DecidableEq σ] in private theorem mulVec_sub_mem_ideal (I : Ideal R) (A : Matrix σ σ R) (u v : σ → R) (h : ∀ i,u i-v i∈I) (k : σ) : (A*ᵥu) k-(A*ᵥv) k∈I := by rw [←Pi.sub_apply,←Matrix.mulVec_sub] exact mulVec_mem_ideal I A (u-v) h k theorem mv_tougeron_correction (I : Ideal R) [IsAdicComplete I R] (f : σ → MvPolynomial σ R) (a e : σ → R) (he : ∀ k,e k∈I) (hf : ∀ k,eval a (f k)= (Matrix.det (fun k i=>eval a (pderiv i (f k))))^2*e k) : ∃ b : σ → R,(∀ k,eval b (f k)=0) ∧ ∀ i,∃ v∈I, b i=a i+(Matrix.det (fun k i=>eval a (pderiv i (f k))))*v := by let J : Matrix σ σ R := fun k i=>eval a (pderiv i (f k)) let δ : R := J.det let A : Matrix σ σ R := J.adjugate choose q hq using fun k=>mv_eval_quadratic_remainder (f k) a let Q (z : σ → R) (k : σ) : R := ∑ i : σ,∑ j : σ,(A*ᵥz) i*(A*ᵥz) j*eval (δ • (A*ᵥz)) (q k i j) have hQI (z : σ → R) (hz : ∀ i,z i∈I) (k : σ) : Q z k∈I := by apply I.sum_mem intro i hi apply I.sum_mem intro j hj exact I.mul_mem_right _ (I.mul_mem_right _ (mulVec_mem_ideal I A z hz i)) have hQC (n : ℕ) (u v : σ → R) (hu : ∀ i,u i∈I) (hv : ∀ i,v i∈I) (huv : ∀ i,u i-v i∈I^n) (k : σ) : Q u k-Q v k∈I^(n+1) := by apply mv_quadratic_mixed_sub_mem I n (q k) (A*ᵥu) (A*ᵥv) (δ • (A*ᵥu)) (δ • (A*ᵥv)) (mulVec_mem_ideal I A u hu) (mulVec_mem_ideal I A v hv) (mulVec_sub_mem_ideal (I^n) A u v huv) intro i simpa only [Pi.smul_apply,smul_eq_mul,mul_sub] using (I^n).mul_mem_left δ (mulVec_sub_mem_ideal (I^n) A u v huv i) obtain ⟨z,hz,hroot⟩ := adic_contractive_system I e he Q hQI hQC let h : σ → R := δ • (A*ᵥz) have hlin : J*ᵥh=δ^2 • z := by dsimp only [h,A] rw [Matrix.mulVec_smul,Matrix.mulVec_mulVec,Matrix.mul_adjugate, Matrix.smul_mulVec,Matrix.one_mulVec,smul_smul] simp only [δ,pow_two] refine ⟨a+h,?_,?_⟩ · intro k rw [hq k h,hf k] have hl : (∑ i : σ,eval a (pderiv i (f k))*h i)=δ^2*z k := by exact congrFun hlin k rw [hl] have hquad : (∑ i : σ,∑ j : σ,h i*h j*eval h (q k i j))=δ^2*Q z k := by dsimp only [Q,h] rw [Finset.mul_sum] apply Finset.sum_congr rfl intro i hi rw [Finset.mul_sum] apply Finset.sum_congr rfl intro j hj simp only [Pi.smul_apply,smul_eq_mul] ring rw [hquad] change δ^2*e k+δ^2*z k+δ^2*Q z k=0 rw [←mul_add,←mul_add,hroot k,mul_zero] · intro i refine ⟨(A*ᵥz) i,mulVec_mem_ideal I A z hz i,?_⟩ rfl end end PD4Tensor.Spreading namespace PD4Tensor.Spreading noncomputable section open scoped BigOperators Matrix open MvPolynomial variable {R σ : Type*} [CommRing R] [Fintype σ] [DecidableEq σ] private theorem det_sub_mem_ideal (I : Ideal R) (A B : Matrix σ σ R) (h : ∀ i j,A i j-B i j∈I) : A.det-B.det∈I := by apply Ideal.Quotient.eq_zero_iff_mem.mp rw [map_sub,sub_eq_zero,RingHom.map_det,RingHom.map_det] congr 1 ext i j change Ideal.Quotient.mk I (A i j)=Ideal.Quotient.mk I (B i j) exact sub_eq_zero.mp ((map_sub _ _ _).symm.trans (Ideal.Quotient.eq_zero_iff_mem.mpr (h i j))) theorem corrected_jacobian_factor (I : Ideal R) (f : σ → MvPolynomial σ R) (a b : σ → R) (hab : ∀ i,∃ v∈I,b i=a i+(Matrix.det (fun k j=>eval a (pderiv j (f k))))*v) : ∃ r∈I,Matrix.det (fun k j=>eval b (pderiv j (f k)))= (Matrix.det (fun k j=>eval a (pderiv j (f k))))*(1+r) := by let δ := Matrix.det (fun k j=>eval a (pderiv j (f k))) have hc (i : σ) : b i-a i∈Ideal.span {δ}*I := by obtain ⟨v,hv,h⟩ := hab i apply Ideal.mem_span_singleton_mul.mpr exact ⟨v,hv,by rw [h]; ring⟩ have hdet := det_sub_mem_ideal (Ideal.span {δ}*I) (fun k j=>eval b (pderiv j (f k))) (fun k j=>eval a (pderiv j (f k))) (fun k j=>mv_eval_sub_mem _ _ _ _ hc) obtain ⟨r,hr,heq⟩ := Ideal.mem_span_singleton_mul.mp hdet refine ⟨r,hr,?_⟩ change _=δ*(1+r) change δ*r=Matrix.det (fun k j=>eval b (pderiv j (f k)))-δ at heq linear_combination -heq theorem mv_tougeron_nondegenerate [IsDomain R] (I : Ideal R) [IsAdicComplete I R] (f : σ → MvPolynomial σ R) (a e : σ → R) (he : ∀ k,e k∈I) (hJ : Matrix.det (fun k i=>eval a (pderiv i (f k)))≠0) (hf : ∀ k,eval a (f k)= (Matrix.det (fun k i=>eval a (pderiv i (f k))))^2*e k) : ∃ b : σ → R,(∀ k,eval b (f k)=0) ∧ (Matrix.det (fun k i=>eval b (pderiv i (f k)))≠0) ∧ ∀ i,∃ v∈I,b i=a i+(Matrix.det (fun k j=>eval a (pderiv j (f k))))*v := by obtain ⟨b,hb,hclose⟩ := mv_tougeron_correction I f a e he hf obtain ⟨r,hr,hfactor⟩ := corrected_jacobian_factor I f a b hclose refine ⟨b,hb,?_,hclose⟩ rw [hfactor] apply mul_ne_zero hJ have hu : IsUnit (1+r) := by simpa only [mul_one,add_comm] using (Ideal.mem_jacobson_bot.mp (IsAdicComplete.le_jacobson_bot I hr) 1) exact hu.ne_zero end end PD4Tensor.Spreading end end OAI