import OAI.AlgebraicGeometry.PlaneCurves.GraphOrder import OAI.AlgebraicGeometry.PlaneCurves.NormalPolynomials namespace OAI /-! # Homogeneous multiplicity in normal frames and swapped charts; Homogeneous smooth curve charts -/ section noncomputable section namespace Nagata.Workers.W28 open scoped Topology /-- Actual affine chart coordinates of a homogeneous analytic parametrization. -/ def normalizedCurvePoint (X : Fin 3 → ℂ → ℂ) (c : Fin 3) (z : ℂ) : ComplexPlane := (X (c.succAbove 0) z / X c z, X (c.succAbove 1) z / X c z) theorem normalizedCurvePoint_analyticAt (X : Fin 3 → ℂ → ℂ) (c : Fin 3) (z₀ : ℂ) (hX : ∀ i, AnalyticAt ℂ (X i) z₀) (hc : X c z₀ ≠ 0) : AnalyticAt ℂ (normalizedCurvePoint X c) z₀ := ((hX (c.succAbove 0)).div (hX c) hc).prod ((hX (c.succAbove 1)).div (hX c) hc) /-- The actual homogeneous curve equation implies the actual affine chart equation. -/ theorem normalizedCurvePoint_equation (G : MvPolynomial (Fin 3) ℂ) (k : ℕ) (hG : G.IsHomogeneous k) (X : Fin 3 → ℂ → ℂ) (c : Fin 3) (z : ℂ) (hc : X c z ≠ 0) (hzero : MvPolynomial.eval (fun a => X a z) G = 0) : planePolynomialEval (Nagata.W27.directChartHom c G) (normalizedCurvePoint X c z) = 0 := by let x : Fin 3 → ℂ := fun a => X a z let v : Fin 2 → ℂ := fun a => x (c.succAbove a) / x c let y : Fin 3 → ℂ := Fin.insertNth (α := fun _ : Fin 3 => ℂ) c 1 v have hy : (fun a => x c * y a) = x := by exact Nagata.Workers.W17.scaled_chart_vector c x hc have hh := Nagata.W16.homogeneous_eval_scale hG y (x c) rw [hy, hzero] at hh have hz : MvPolynomial.eval y G = 0 := (mul_eq_zero.mp hh.symm).resolve_left (pow_ne_zero k hc) have he : planePolynomialEval (Nagata.W27.directChartHom c G) (normalizedCurvePoint X c z) = MvPolynomial.eval v (Nagata.W27.directChartHom c G) := by apply congrArg (fun a : Fin 2 → ℂ => MvPolynomial.eval a (Nagata.W27.directChartHom c G)) funext a fin_cases a <;> rfl rw [he, Nagata.Workers.W17.eval_directChartHom] exact hz /-- The homogeneous-to-affine equation holds on an actual neighborhood where the chosen analytic homogeneous coordinate stays nonzero. -/ theorem normalizedCurvePoint_equation_locally (G : MvPolynomial (Fin 3) ℂ) (k : ℕ) (hG : G.IsHomogeneous k) (X : Fin 3 → ℂ → ℂ) (c : Fin 3) (z₀ : ℂ) (ha : ContinuousAt (X c) z₀) (hc : X c z₀ ≠ 0) (hzero : ∀ᶠ z in 𝓝 z₀, MvPolynomial.eval (fun a => X a z) G = 0) : ∀ᶠ z in 𝓝 z₀, planePolynomialEval (Nagata.W27.directChartHom c G) (normalizedCurvePoint X c z) = 0 := by filter_upwards [ha.eventually_ne hc, hzero] with z hcz hz exact normalizedCurvePoint_equation G k hG X c z hcz hz end Nagata.Workers.W28 end end section noncomputable section namespace Nagata.Workers.W28 open scoped Topology BigOperators theorem homogeneous_normal_frame_identity_plane (I : Finset ℕ) (j : ℕ → ℕ) (T : ℕ → MvPolynomial (Fin 3) ℂ) (d k : ℕ) (hhom : ∀ α ∈ I, (T α).IsHomogeneous (d-k*j α)) (hbound : ∀ α ∈ I, k*j α ≤ d) (X : Fin 3 → ℂ → ℂ) (c : Fin 3) (z w : ℂ) (hc : X c z ≠ 0) : (∑ α ∈ I, w ^ j α * MvPolynomial.eval (fun a => X a z) (T α)) = (X c z)^d * ∑ α ∈ I, (w/(X c z)^k)^j α * planePolynomialEval (Nagata.W27.directChartHom c (T α)) (normalizedCurvePoint X c z) := by rw [Nagata.Workers.W17.normal_polynomial_frame_identity I j T d k hhom hbound c (fun a => X a z) hc w] congr 1 apply Finset.sum_congr rfl intro α hα congr 1 apply congrArg (fun v : Fin 2 → ℂ => MvPolynomial.eval v (Nagata.W27.directChartHom c (T α))) funext a fin_cases a <;> rfl /-- Central normal order implies actual homogeneous polynomial order on an analytic parametrized curve, with the exact variable degree-d frame factor. -/ theorem homogeneous_normal_order_of_central_order (I : Finset ℕ) (j : ℕ → ℕ) (T : ℕ → MvPolynomial (Fin 3) ℂ) (d k : ℕ) (hhom : ∀ α ∈ I, (T α).IsHomogeneous (d-k*j α)) (hbound : ∀ α ∈ I, k*j α ≤ d) (G : MvPolynomial (Fin 3) ℂ) (hG : G.IsHomogeneous k) (X : Fin 3 → ℂ → ℂ) (c : Fin 3) (z₀ w₀ : ℂ) (hX : ∀ a, AnalyticAt ℂ (X a) z₀) (hc : X c z₀ ≠ 0) (hzero : ∀ᶠ z in 𝓝 z₀, MvPolynomial.eval (fun a => X a z) G = 0) (e : OpenPartialHomeomorph ComplexPlane ComplexPlane) (he : (e : ComplexPlane → ComplexPlane) = polynomialNormalCoordinates (Nagata.W27.directChartHom c G)) (hsource : normalizedCurvePoint X c z₀ ∈ e.source) (m : ℕ) (horder : HasAnalyticOrderAtLeast (𝕜 := ℂ) (fun q : ComplexPlane => ∑ α ∈ I, q.2 ^ j α * planePolynomialEval (Nagata.W27.directChartHom c (T α)) (e.symm (q.1, 0))) ((normalizedCurvePoint X c z₀).1, w₀ / X c z₀ ^ k) m) : HasAnalyticOrderAtLeast (𝕜 := ℂ) (fun q : ComplexPlane => ∑ α ∈ I, q.2 ^ j α * MvPolynomial.eval (fun a => X a q.1) (T α)) (z₀, w₀) m := by have hp := normalizedCurvePoint_analyticAt X c z₀ hX hc have hcurve := normalizedCurvePoint_equation_locally G k hG X c z₀ (hX c).continuousAt hc hzero have h := parametric_frame_order_of_central_order I j (fun α => Nagata.W27.directChartHom c (T α)) (Nagata.W27.directChartHom c G) e he (normalizedCurvePoint X c) (X c) d k z₀ w₀ hp (hX c) hc hsource hcurve m horder apply h.congr have hne := (hX c).continuousAt.eventually_ne hc have hf : ContinuousAt (Prod.fst : ComplexPlane → ℂ) (z₀, w₀) := continuousAt_fst exact (hf.tendsto.eventually hne).mono fun q hq => by exact (homogeneous_normal_frame_identity_plane I j T d k hhom hbound X c q.1 q.2 hq).symm end Nagata.Workers.W28 end end section noncomputable section namespace Nagata.Workers.W28 open scoped Topology BigOperators /-- Swapping actual affine coordinates preserves analyticity of a curve. -/ theorem analyticAt_curve_swap (p : ℂ → ComplexPlane) (z₀ : ℂ) (hp : AnalyticAt ℂ p z₀) : AnalyticAt ℂ (fun z => (p z).swap) z₀ := by exact (((ContinuousLinearMap.snd ℂ ℂ ℂ).analyticAt (p z₀)).comp (f := p) hp).prod (((ContinuousLinearMap.fst ℂ ℂ ℂ).analyticAt (p z₀)).comp (f := p) hp) /-- The alternative tangential coordinate changes neither the homogeneous normal expression nor its variable frame and fiber weights. -/ theorem homogeneous_normal_order_of_swapped_central_order (I : Finset ℕ) (j : ℕ → ℕ) (T : ℕ → MvPolynomial (Fin 3) ℂ) (d k : ℕ) (hhom : ∀ α ∈ I, (T α).IsHomogeneous (d-k*j α)) (hbound : ∀ α ∈ I, k*j α ≤ d) (G : MvPolynomial (Fin 3) ℂ) (hG : G.IsHomogeneous k) (X : Fin 3 → ℂ → ℂ) (c : Fin 3) (z₀ w₀ : ℂ) (hX : ∀ a, AnalyticAt ℂ (X a) z₀) (hc : X c z₀ ≠ 0) (hzero : ∀ᶠ z in 𝓝 z₀, MvPolynomial.eval (fun a => X a z) G = 0) (e : OpenPartialHomeomorph ComplexPlane ComplexPlane) (he : (e : ComplexPlane → ComplexPlane) = polynomialNormalCoordinates (Nagata.Workers.W17.affineSwap (Nagata.W27.directChartHom c G))) (hsource : (normalizedCurvePoint X c z₀).swap ∈ e.source) (m : ℕ) (horder : HasAnalyticOrderAtLeast (𝕜 := ℂ) (fun q : ComplexPlane => ∑ α ∈ I, q.2 ^ j α * planePolynomialEval (Nagata.Workers.W17.affineSwap (Nagata.W27.directChartHom c (T α))) (e.symm (q.1, 0))) ((normalizedCurvePoint X c z₀).2, w₀ / X c z₀ ^ k) m) : HasAnalyticOrderAtLeast (𝕜 := ℂ) (fun q : ComplexPlane => ∑ α ∈ I, q.2 ^ j α * MvPolynomial.eval (fun a => X a q.1) (T α)) (z₀, w₀) m := by have hp := analyticAt_curve_swap (normalizedCurvePoint X c) z₀ (normalizedCurvePoint_analyticAt X c z₀ hX hc) have hcurve : ∀ᶠ z in 𝓝 z₀, planePolynomialEval (Nagata.Workers.W17.affineSwap (Nagata.W27.directChartHom c G)) (normalizedCurvePoint X c z).swap = 0 := by simpa only [Nagata.Workers.W17.eval_affineSwap, Prod.swap_swap] using normalizedCurvePoint_equation_locally G k hG X c z₀ (hX c).continuousAt hc hzero have h := parametric_frame_order_of_central_order I j (fun α => Nagata.Workers.W17.affineSwap (Nagata.W27.directChartHom c (T α))) (Nagata.Workers.W17.affineSwap (Nagata.W27.directChartHom c G)) e he (fun z => (normalizedCurvePoint X c z).swap) (X c) d k z₀ w₀ hp (hX c) hc hsource hcurve m horder simp only [Nagata.Workers.W17.eval_affineSwap, Prod.swap_swap] at h apply h.congr have hne := (hX c).continuousAt.eventually_ne hc have hf : ContinuousAt (Prod.fst : ComplexPlane → ℂ) (z₀, w₀) := continuousAt_fst exact (hf.tendsto.eventually hne).mono fun q hq => by exact (homogeneous_normal_frame_identity_plane I j T d k hhom hbound X c q.1 q.2 hq).symm end Nagata.Workers.W28 end end end OAI