import Mathlib import OAI.Combinatorics.MatchingCount.Graphs.Edge namespace OAI namespace MatchingFPRAS.Switching open Finset open scoped Classical symmDiff variable {V : Type*} theorem sdiff_pair_card [DecidableEq V] (S : Finset V) (a b : V) (ha : a ∈ S) (hb : b ∈ S) (hab : a ≠ b) : (S \ {a,b}).card = S.card - 2 := by have hsub : ({a,b} : Finset V) ⊆ S := by intro x hx rcases Finset.mem_insert.mp hx with h | h · subst x exact ha · have he := Finset.mem_singleton.mp h subst x exact hb rw [Finset.card_sdiff_of_subset hsub, Finset.card_pair hab] theorem relocated_card [DecidableEq V] (S : Finset V) (a b : V) (ha : a ∈ S) (hb : b ∉ S) : (insert b (S.erase a)).card = S.card := by have hba : b ∉ S.erase a := fun h => hb (Finset.mem_of_mem_erase h) rw [Finset.card_insert_of_notMem hba, Finset.card_erase_add_one ha] theorem pair_fill_holeRatio [Fintype V] [LinearOrder V] (w : V → V → ℝ) (hw : ∀ v z, 0 ≤ w v z) (hz : 0 < partition w ∅) (a b : V) (hab : a ≠ b) : edgeActivity w a b * holeRatio w {a,b} ≤ 1 := by have h := edge_fill_holeRatio w hw hz {a,b} a b (by simp) (by simp) hab simpa [holeRatio_empty w hz] using h theorem adjacent_hole_fill [Fintype V] [LinearOrder V] (hcard : 2 ≤ Fintype.card V) (w : V → V → ℝ) (hw : ∀ v z, 0 ≤ w v z) (hz : 0 < partition w ∅) (hrlo : ∀ a, (1:ℝ)/8 ≤ rowMax hcard w a) (hrhi : ∀ a, rowMax hcard w a ≤ 4) (S : Finset V) (hS : S.card = 2 ∨ S.card = 4) (a b : V) (ha : a ∈ S) (hb : b ∈ S) (hab : a ≠ b) (B : ℝ) (hB : 0 < B) (hBa : B ≤ edgeActivity w a b) : holeRatio w S / rowMax hcard w a ≤ 32 / B := by have hfill := edge_fill_holeRatio w hw hz S a b ha hb hab have hhole := holeRatio_nonneg w hw S have hp : B * holeRatio w S ≤ holeRatio w (S \ {a,b}) := (mul_le_mul_of_nonneg_right hBa hhole).trans hfill have hs : (S \ {a,b}).card = 0 ∨ (S \ {a,b}).card = 2 := by rw [sdiff_pair_card S a b ha hb hab] omega have hg := zero_or_two_holes_le_four hcard w hz hrhi (S \ {a,b}) hs have hra := hrlo a have hrap : 0 < rowMax hcard w a := by linarith apply (div_le_iff₀ hrap).mpr rw [div_mul_eq_mul_div] apply (le_div_iff₀ hB).mpr nlinarith only [hp,hg,hra] theorem toggle_small_holes_card [DecidableEq V] (S : Finset V) (a b : V) (ha : a ∈ S) (hab : a ≠ b) (hS : S.card = 2 ∨ S.card = 4) : (S ∆ {a,b}).card = 0 ∨ (S ∆ {a,b}).card = 2 ∨ (S ∆ {a,b}).card = 4 := by by_cases hb : b ∈ S · rw [symmDiff_pair_of_mem_mem S a b ha hb, sdiff_pair_card S a b ha hb hab] omega · rw [symmDiff_pair_of_mem_notMem S a b ha hb, relocated_card S a b ha hb] omega theorem normalized_relocation [Fintype V] [LinearOrder V] (hcard : 2 ≤ Fintype.card V) (w : V → V → ℝ) (hw : ∀ v z, 0 ≤ w v z) (hz : 0 < partition w ∅) (hrlo : ∀ a, (1:ℝ)/8 ≤ rowMax hcard w a) (hrhi : ∀ a, rowMax hcard w a ≤ 4) (S : Finset V) (hS : S.card = 2 ∨ S.card = 4) (a z : V) (ha : a ∈ S) (hzS : z ∉ S) (B : ℝ) (hB8 : 8 < B) (hBa : B ≤ edgeActivity w a z) : holeRatio w S / rowMax hcard w a ≤ holeRatio w (insert z (S.erase a)) / rowMax hcard w z + 6144 / B := by have hB : 0 < B := by linarith have haz : a ≠ z := fun h => hzS (h ▸ ha) have hrap : ∀ v, 0 < rowMax hcard w v := fun v => by linarith [hrlo v] obtain ⟨p,hpz,hpr⟩ := rowMax_attained hcard w z have hfill := pair_fill_holeRatio w hw hz a z haz have hpair : B * holeRatio w {a,z} ≤ 1 := (mul_le_mul_of_nonneg_right hBa (holeRatio_nonneg w hw {a,z})).trans hfill have hpa : p ≠ a := by intro h subst p rw [holeRatio_pair_comm w z a] at hpr have hlo := hrlo z rw [← hpr] at hlo nlinarith let R := S \ {a,p} let F := fun b => holeRatio w (S ∆ {a,b}) * holeRatio w ({z,p} ∆ {a,b}) have hF : ∀ b, 0 ≤ F b := fun b => mul_nonneg (holeRatio_nonneg w hw _) (holeRatio_nonneg w hw _) have hcmp := mixed_holeRatio_comparison w hw hz S {z,p} a ha (by simp [haz, Ne.symm hpa]) change holeRatio w S * holeRatio w {z,p} ≤ ∑ b ∈ (S ∆ {z,p}).erase a, F b at hcmp rw [hpr] at hcmp have hsub : (S ∆ {z,p}).erase a ⊆ insert z (insert p R) := by intro x hx simp only [Finset.mem_erase, Finset.mem_symmDiff, Finset.mem_insert, Finset.mem_singleton, R, Finset.mem_sdiff] at hx ⊢ grind have hcmp' : holeRatio w S * rowMax hcard w z ≤ ∑ b ∈ insert z (insert p R), F b := hcmp.trans (Finset.sum_le_sum_of_subset_of_nonneg hsub (fun b _ _ => hF b)) have hzR : z ∉ R := fun h => hzS (Finset.mem_sdiff.mp h).1 have hpR : p ∉ R := by simp [R] rw [Finset.sum_insert (by simp [hpz.symm, hzR]), Finset.sum_insert hpR] at hcmp' have htz : ({z,p} : Finset V) ∆ {a,z} = {a,p} := by ext v simp only [Finset.mem_symmDiff, Finset.mem_insert, Finset.mem_singleton] grind have htp : ({z,p} : Finset V) ∆ {a,p} = {a,z} := by ext v simp only [Finset.mem_symmDiff, Finset.mem_insert, Finset.mem_singleton] grind have hFz : F z ≤ holeRatio w (insert z (S.erase a)) * rowMax hcard w a := by dsimp [F] rw [symmDiff_pair_of_mem_notMem S a z ha hzS, htz] exact mul_le_mul_of_nonneg_left (holeRatio_le_rowMax hcard w a p hpa.symm) (holeRatio_nonneg w hw _) have hFp : B * F p ≤ 48 := by have hh := small_holes_le_fortyeight hcard w hw hz hrhi (S ∆ {a,p}) (toggle_small_holes_card S a p ha hpa.symm hS) have hn := holeRatio_nonneg w hw (S ∆ {a,p}) dsimp [F] rw [htp] nlinarith only [hpair, hh, hn] have hFx : ∀ x ∈ R, B * F x ≤ 16 := by intro x hx have hxS := (Finset.mem_sdiff.mp hx).1 have hxa : x ≠ a := by intro h exact (Finset.mem_sdiff.mp hx).2 (by simp [h]) have hxp : x ≠ p := by intro h exact (Finset.mem_sdiff.mp hx).2 (by simp [h]) have hxz : x ≠ z := fun h => hzS (h ▸ hxS) have ht : ({z,p} : Finset V) ∆ {a,x} = {z,p,a,x} := by ext v simp only [Finset.mem_symmDiff, Finset.mem_insert, Finset.mem_singleton] grind have hs : (S \ {a,x}).card = 0 ∨ (S \ {a,x}).card = 2 := by rw [sdiff_pair_card S a x ha hxS hxa.symm] omega have hs4 := zero_or_two_holes_le_four hcard w hz hrhi (S \ {a,x}) hs have hs0 := holeRatio_nonneg w hw (S \ {a,x}) have hf := edge_fill_holeRatio w hw hz {z,p,a,x} a z (by simp) (by simp) haz have he : ({z,p,a,x} : Finset V) \ {a,z} = {p,x} := by ext v simp only [Finset.mem_sdiff, Finset.mem_insert, Finset.mem_singleton] grind rw [he] at hf have hf' : B * holeRatio w {z,p,a,x} ≤ 4 := by exact ((mul_le_mul_of_nonneg_right hBa (holeRatio_nonneg w hw _)).trans hf).trans ((holeRatio_le_rowMax hcard w p x hxp.symm).trans (hrhi p)) dsimp [F] rw [ht, symmDiff_pair_of_mem_mem S a x ha hxS] have hm := mul_le_mul hs4 hf' (mul_nonneg hB.le (holeRatio_nonneg w hw _)) (by norm_num : (0:ℝ) ≤ 4) nlinarith only [hm] have hRsub : R ⊆ S.erase a := by intro x hx dsimp [R] at hx simp only [Finset.mem_sdiff, Finset.mem_insert, Finset.mem_singleton] at hx simp only [Finset.mem_erase] grind have hRcard : R.card ≤ 3 := by have h := Finset.card_le_card hRsub have hc := Finset.card_erase_add_one ha omega have hsum : B * ∑ x ∈ R, F x ≤ 48 := by rw [Finset.mul_sum] calc ∑ x ∈ R, B * F x ≤ ∑ _x ∈ R, (16:ℝ) := Finset.sum_le_sum hFx _ = (R.card:ℝ) * 16 := by simp _ ≤ 48 := by exact_mod_cast (by omega : R.card * 16 ≤ 48) have hmain : B * holeRatio w S * rowMax hcard w z ≤ B * holeRatio w (insert z (S.erase a)) * rowMax hcard w a + 96 := by have hm := mul_le_mul_of_nonneg_left hcmp' hB.le have hmz := mul_le_mul_of_nonneg_left hFz hB.le nlinarith only [hm, hmz, hFp, hsum] have hprod := mul_le_mul (hrlo a) (hrlo z) (by norm_num : (0:ℝ) ≤ 1/8) (le_of_lt (hrap a)) apply (div_le_iff₀ (hrap a)).mpr apply (mul_le_mul_iff_left₀ (mul_pos hB (hrap z))).mp have he : ((holeRatio w (insert z (S.erase a)) / rowMax hcard w z + 6144 / B) * rowMax hcard w a) * (B * rowMax hcard w z) = B * holeRatio w (insert z (S.erase a)) * rowMax hcard w a + 6144 * rowMax hcard w a * rowMax hcard w z := by field_simp [ne_of_gt (hrap z), ne_of_gt hB] rw [he] nlinarith only [hmain, hprod] theorem normalized_path_relocation [Fintype V] [LinearOrder V] (hcard : 2 ≤ Fintype.card V) (w : V → V → ℝ) (hw : ∀ v z, 0 ≤ w v z) (hz : 0 < partition w ∅) (hrlo : ∀ a, (1:ℝ)/8 ≤ rowMax hcard w a) (hrhi : ∀ a, rowMax hcard w a ≤ 4) (B : ℝ) (hB8 : 8 < B) (L : List V) (a : V) (S : Finset V) (hS : S.card = 2 ∨ S.card = 4) (ha : a ∈ S) (hpath : List.IsChain (fun x y => B ≤ edgeActivity w x y) (a :: L)) (hnodup : (a :: L).Nodup) (hend : ∃ j ∈ L, j ∈ S) : holeRatio w S / rowMax hcard w a ≤ 6144 * L.length / B := by have hB : 0 < B := by linarith induction L generalizing a S with | nil => simp at hend | cons z L ih => obtain ⟨hazL, hnd⟩ := List.nodup_cons.mp hnodup have haz : a ≠ z := fun h => hazL (by simp [h]) obtain ⟨hBa, hp⟩ := List.isChain_cons_cons.mp hpath by_cases hzS : z ∈ S · have hf := adjacent_hole_fill hcard w hw hz hrlo hrhi S hS a z ha hzS haz B hB hBa apply hf.trans apply (div_le_div_iff_of_pos_right hB).mpr simp only [List.length_cons, Nat.cast_add, Nat.cast_one] have hlen : (0:ℝ) ≤ L.length := Nat.cast_nonneg _ linarith · let T := insert z (S.erase a) have hT : T.card = 2 ∨ T.card = 4 := by dsimp [T] rw [relocated_card S a z ha hzS] exact hS have he : ∃ j ∈ L, j ∈ T := by obtain ⟨j,hj,hjS⟩ := hend have hjz : j ≠ z := fun h => hzS (h ▸ hjS) have hja : j ≠ a := fun h => hazL (h ▸ hj) refine ⟨j, ?_, ?_⟩ · simpa [hjz] using hj · simp [T, hja, hjS] have hi := ih z T hT (by simp [T]) hp hnd he have hs := normalized_relocation hcard w hw hz hrlo hrhi S hS a z ha hzS B hB8 hBa calc holeRatio w S / rowMax hcard w a ≤ holeRatio w T / rowMax hcard w z + 6144 / B := hs _ ≤ 6144 * (L.length:ℝ) / B + 6144 / B := add_le_add hi le_rfl _ = 6144 * ((z :: L).length:ℝ) / B := by simp only [List.length_cons, Nat.cast_add, Nat.cast_one] ring theorem hole_relocation_of_strong_path [Fintype V] [LinearOrder V] (hcard : 2 ≤ Fintype.card V) (w : V → V → ℝ) (hw : ∀ v z, 0 ≤ w v z) (hz : 0 < partition w ∅) (hrlo : ∀ a, (1:ℝ)/8 ≤ rowMax hcard w a) (hrhi : ∀ a, rowMax hcard w a ≤ 4) (B : ℝ) (hB : 0 < B) (S : Finset V) (hS : S.card = 2 ∨ S.card = 4) (a : V) (ha : a ∈ S) (hpath : 8 < B → ∃ L : List V, List.IsChain (fun x y => B ≤ edgeActivity w x y) (a :: L) ∧ (a :: L).Nodup ∧ ∃ j ∈ L, j ∈ S) : holeRatio w S ≤ 100000 * Fintype.card V / B := by by_cases hB8 : 8 < B · obtain ⟨L,hp,hn,he⟩ := hpath hB8 have hb := normalized_path_relocation hcard w hw hz hrlo hrhi B hB8 L a S hS ha hp hn he have hra : 0 < rowMax hcard w a := by linarith [hrlo a] have hb' := (div_le_iff₀ hra).mp hb have hlen : L.length ≤ Fintype.card V := by have h := Finset.card_le_card (Finset.subset_univ (a :: L).toFinset) rw [List.toFinset_card_of_nodup hn, Finset.card_univ] at h simpa using Nat.le_trans (Nat.le_succ L.length) h have hlenR : (L.length:ℝ) ≤ Fintype.card V := by exact_mod_cast hlen apply (le_div_iff₀ hB).mpr have hmul := mul_le_mul_of_nonneg_right hb' hB.le have heq : (6144 * (L.length:ℝ) / B * rowMax hcard w a) * B = 6144 * (L.length:ℝ) * rowMax hcard w a := by field_simp rw [heq] at hmul have hm := mul_le_mul_of_nonneg_left (hrhi a) (by positivity : (0:ℝ) ≤ 6144 * (L.length:ℝ)) have hn0 : (0:ℝ) ≤ Fintype.card V := Nat.cast_nonneg _ nlinarith only [hmul,hm,hlenR,hn0] · have hc := small_holes_le_fortyeight hcard w hw hz hrhi S (by omega) have hn : (2:ℝ) ≤ Fintype.card V := by exact_mod_cast hcard have hg0 := holeRatio_nonneg w hw S apply (le_div_iff₀ hB).mpr have hm := mul_le_mul_of_nonneg_right (le_of_not_gt hB8) hg0 nlinarith only [hc,hm,hn] noncomputable def pathStrength [LinearOrder V] (w : V → V → ℝ) {a b : V} (hab : a ≠ b) (p : (⊤ : SimpleGraph V).Path a b) : ℝ := p.val.darts.toFinset.inf' (by obtain ⟨d,hd⟩ := List.exists_mem_of_ne_nil p.val.darts (fun h => hab ((SimpleGraph.Walk.darts_eq_nil.mp h).eq)) exact ⟨d,List.mem_toFinset.mpr hd⟩) (fun d => edgeActivity w d.fst d.snd) noncomputable def bottleneck [Fintype V] [LinearOrder V] (w : V → V → ℝ) (a b : V) : ℝ := if hab : a = b then 1 else max 1 ((Finset.univ : Finset ((⊤ : SimpleGraph V).Path a b)).sup' (by exact ⟨SimpleGraph.Path.singleton (by simpa using hab), Finset.mem_univ _⟩) (pathStrength w hab)) theorem one_le_bottleneck [Fintype V] [LinearOrder V] (w : V → V → ℝ) (a b : V) : 1 ≤ bottleneck w a b := by unfold bottleneck split_ifs · rfl · exact le_max_left _ _ theorem walk_isChain_of_darts [LinearOrder V] {G : SimpleGraph V} (w : V → V → ℝ) (B : ℝ) {a b : V} (p : G.Walk a b) (h : ∀ d ∈ p.darts, B ≤ edgeActivity w d.fst d.snd) : List.IsChain (fun x y => B ≤ edgeActivity w x y) p.support := by induction p with | nil => simp | @cons a c b hadj p ih => rw [SimpleGraph.Walk.support_cons, ← p.cons_tail_support] apply List.isChain_cons_cons.mpr constructor · exact h ⟨(a,c),hadj⟩ (by simp) · rw [p.cons_tail_support] apply ih intro d hd exact h d (by simp [hd]) theorem bottleneck_path [Fintype V] [LinearOrder V] (w : V → V → ℝ) (a b : V) (hab : a ≠ b) (hB : 1 < bottleneck w a b) : ∃ L : List V, List.IsChain (fun x y => bottleneck w a b ≤ edgeActivity w x y) (a :: L) ∧ (a :: L).Nodup ∧ b ∈ L := by obtain ⟨p,hp,hmax⟩ := Finset.exists_mem_eq_sup' (show (Finset.univ : Finset ((⊤ : SimpleGraph V).Path a b)).Nonempty from ⟨SimpleGraph.Path.singleton (by simpa using hab), Finset.mem_univ _⟩) (pathStrength w hab) have he : bottleneck w a b = pathStrength w hab p := by unfold bottleneck at hB ⊢ rw [dite_eq_right hab, hmax] at hB ⊢ exact max_eq_right ((lt_max_iff.mp hB).resolve_left (lt_irrefl 1)).le have hd : ∀ d ∈ p.val.darts, bottleneck w a b ≤ edgeActivity w d.fst d.snd := by intro d hd rw [he] exact Finset.inf'_le _ (List.mem_toFinset.mpr hd) refine ⟨p.val.support.tail, ?_, ?_, ?_⟩ · rw [p.val.cons_tail_support] exact walk_isChain_of_darts w _ p.val hd · rw [p.val.cons_tail_support] exact p.property.support_nodup · exact p.val.end_mem_tail_support_of_ne hab theorem edgeActivity_mono [LinearOrder V] (w u : V → V → ℝ) (h : ∀ a b, w a b ≤ u a b) (a b : V) : edgeActivity w a b ≤ edgeActivity u a b := by unfold edgeActivity split_ifs <;> apply h theorem hole_relocation [Fintype V] [LinearOrder V] (hcard : 2 ≤ Fintype.card V) (w u : V → V → ℝ) (hu : ∀ v z, 0 ≤ u v z) (hz : 0 < partition u ∅) (hwu : ∀ a b, w a b ≤ u a b) (hrlo : ∀ a, (1:ℝ)/8 ≤ rowMax hcard u a) (hrhi : ∀ a, rowMax hcard u a ≤ 4) (S : Finset V) (hS : S.card = 2 ∨ S.card = 4) (a b : V) (ha : a ∈ S) (hb : b ∈ S) (hab : a ≠ b) : holeRatio u S ≤ 100000 * Fintype.card V / bottleneck w a b := by apply hole_relocation_of_strong_path hcard u hu hz hrlo hrhi (bottleneck w a b) (lt_of_lt_of_le (by norm_num) (one_le_bottleneck w a b)) S hS a ha intro hs obtain ⟨L,hp,hn,hbL⟩ := bottleneck_path w a b hab (by linarith) refine ⟨L, ?_,hn,b,hbL,hb⟩ exact hp.imp fun {x y} h => h.trans (edgeActivity_mono w u hwu x y) noncomputable def erasePair (m : Mate V) (a b : V) : Mate V := by classical by_cases h : m.1 a = b · refine ⟨fun v => if v = a ∨ v = b then v else m.1 v, ?_⟩ intro v have hba : m.1 b = a := by rw [← h, mate_mate] by_cases hv : v = a ∨ v = b · simp [hv] · have hma : m.1 v ≠ a := by intro he have hh := congrArg m.1 he rw [mate_mate, h] at hh exact hv (Or.inr hh) have hmb : m.1 v ≠ b := by intro he have hh := congrArg m.1 he rw [mate_mate, hba] at hh exact hv (Or.inl hh) simp [hv, hma, hmb, mate_mate] · exact m @[simp] theorem erasePair_apply (m : Mate V) (a b v : V) (h : m.1 a = b) : (erasePair m a b).1 v = if v = a ∨ v = b then v else m.1 v := by classical simp [erasePair, h] theorem erasePair_holes [DecidableEq V] (m : Mate V) (S : Finset V) (hm : HasHoles m S) (a b : V) (h : m.1 a = b) : HasHoles (erasePair m a b) (insert a (insert b S)) := by intro v rw [erasePair_apply m a b v h] by_cases hv : v = a ∨ v = b · rcases hv with rfl | rfl <;> simp · have hva := (not_or.mp hv).1 have hvb := (not_or.mp hv).2 simp [hva, hvb, hm v] theorem withEdge_erasePair (m : Mate V) (a b : V) (h : m.1 a = b) : withEdge (erasePair m a b) a b = m := by have hba : m.1 b = a := by rw [← h, mate_mate] apply Subtype.ext funext v rw [withEdge_apply _ _ _ _ (by simp [h]) (by simp [h])] by_cases hva : v = a · subst v simp [h] by_cases hvb : v = b · subst v simp [hba, hva] simp [hva, hvb, h] theorem erasePair_withEdge (m : Mate V) (a b : V) (ha : m.1 a = a) (hb : m.1 b = b) : erasePair (withEdge m a b) a b = m := by apply Subtype.ext funext v rw [erasePair_apply _ _ _ _ (by simp [ha,hb]), withEdge_apply m a b v ha hb] by_cases hva : v = a · subst v simp [ha] by_cases hvb : v = b · subst v simp [hb] simp [hva, hvb] end MatchingFPRAS.Switching end OAI