import Mathlib import OAI.Computability.DirectedFeedback.Games.Generator namespace OAI namespace DFVSGames.Foundations.PCP.PortTables open PoweringWalks abbrev Label := GraphTables.Label def rowIndex (vertices ports : Nat) : Fin vertices × Fin ports ≃ Fin (vertices * ports) := finProdFinEquiv @[simp] theorem rowIndex_val (n d : Nat) (e : Fin n × Fin d) : (rowIndex n d e).val = e.2.val + d * e.1.val := rfl structure Table (vertices ports : Nat) where reverseIndex : Vector (Fin (vertices * ports)) (vertices * ports) relations : Vector GraphTables.RelationTable (vertices * ports) involutive : Function.Involutive (fun i : Fin (vertices * ports) => reverseIndex[i]) transpose : ∀ (i : Fin (vertices * ports)) (a b : Label), GraphTables.relationAt relations[reverseIndex[i]] b a = GraphTables.relationAt relations[i] a b variable {n d : Nat} def rotation (table : Table n d) (e : Fin n × Fin d) : Fin n × Fin d := (rowIndex n d).symm table.reverseIndex[rowIndex n d e] def accepts (table : Table n d) (e : Fin n × Fin d) (a b : Label) : Bool := GraphTables.relationAt table.relations[rowIndex n d e] a b @[simp] theorem rowIndex_rotation (table : Table n d) (e : Fin n × Fin d) : rowIndex n d (rotation table e) = table.reverseIndex[rowIndex n d e] := by exact (rowIndex n d).apply_symm_apply _ theorem rotation_involutive (table : Table n d) : Function.Involutive (rotation table) := by intro e simp only [rotation, Equiv.apply_symm_apply] exact (congrArg (rowIndex n d).symm (table.involutive (rowIndex n d e))).trans ((rowIndex n d).symm_apply_apply e) theorem accepts_rotation (table : Table n d) (e : Fin n × Fin d) (a b : Label) : accepts table (rotation table e) b a = accepts table e a b := by simpa only [accepts, rowIndex_rotation] using table.transpose (rowIndex n d e) a b def portGraph (table : Table n d) : PortGraph (Fin n) (Fin d) where rot := { toFun := rotation table invFun := rotation table left_inv := rotation_involutive table right_inv := rotation_involutive table } rot_involutive := rotation_involutive table @[simp] theorem portGraph_rot (table : Table n d) (e : Fin n × Fin d) : (portGraph table).rot e = rotation table e := rfl def baseGraph (table : Table n d) : ConstraintGraph (Fin n) (Fin n × Fin d) Label where reverse := (portGraph table).rot reverse_involutive := rotation_involutive table tail := Prod.fst accepts := accepts table reverse_accepts := accepts_rotation table @[simp] theorem baseGraph_reverse (table : Table n d) (e : Fin n × Fin d) : (baseGraph table).reverse e = rotation table e := rfl @[simp] theorem baseGraph_tail (table : Table n d) (e : Fin n × Fin d) : (baseGraph table).tail e = e.1 := rfl @[simp] theorem baseGraph_head (table : Table n d) (e : Fin n × Fin d) : (baseGraph table).head e = (rotation table e).1 := rfl @[simp] theorem baseGraph_accepts (table : Table n d) (e : Fin n × Fin d) (a b : Label) : (baseGraph table).accepts e a b = accepts table e a b := rfl def ofPortGraph (G : PortGraph (Fin n) (Fin d)) (predicate : (Fin n × Fin d) → Label → Label → Bool) (htranspose : ∀ e a b, predicate (G.rot e) b a = predicate e a b) : Table n d where reverseIndex := Vector.ofFn (fun i => rowIndex n d (G.rot ((rowIndex n d).symm i))) relations := Vector.ofFn (fun i => GraphTables.relationOf (predicate ((rowIndex n d).symm i))) involutive := by intro i simp only [Fin.getElem_fin, Vector.getElem_ofFn, Fin.eta, Equiv.symm_apply_apply] exact (congrArg (rowIndex n d) (G.rot_involutive ((rowIndex n d).symm i))).trans ((rowIndex n d).apply_symm_apply i) transpose := by intro i a b simp only [Fin.getElem_fin, Vector.getElem_ofFn, Fin.eta, Equiv.symm_apply_apply, GraphTables.relationAt_relationOf] exact htranspose ((rowIndex n d).symm i) a b @[simp] theorem rotation_ofPortGraph (G : PortGraph (Fin n) (Fin d)) (predicate : (Fin n × Fin d) → Label → Label → Bool) (htranspose : ∀ e a b, predicate (G.rot e) b a = predicate e a b) (e : Fin n × Fin d) : rotation (ofPortGraph G predicate htranspose) e = G.rot e := by simp only [rotation, ofPortGraph, Fin.getElem_fin, Vector.getElem_ofFn, Fin.eta, Equiv.symm_apply_apply] @[simp] theorem accepts_ofPortGraph (G : PortGraph (Fin n) (Fin d)) (predicate : (Fin n × Fin d) → Label → Label → Bool) (htranspose : ∀ e a b, predicate (G.rot e) b a = predicate e a b) (e : Fin n × Fin d) (a b : Label) : accepts (ofPortGraph G predicate htranspose) e a b = predicate e a b := by simp only [accepts, ofPortGraph, Fin.getElem_fin, Vector.getElem_ofFn, Fin.eta, Equiv.symm_apply_apply, GraphTables.relationAt_relationOf] def flatRows (table : Table n d) : GraphTables.Rows n (n * d) := Vector.ofFn (fun i => ⟨((rowIndex n d).symm i).1, table.reverseIndex[i], table.relations[i]⟩) @[simp] theorem reverseAt_flatRows (table : Table n d) (i : Fin (n * d)) : GraphTables.reverseAt (flatRows table) i = table.reverseIndex[i] := by simp [GraphTables.reverseAt, flatRows] @[simp] theorem acceptsAt_flatRows (table : Table n d) (i : Fin (n * d)) (a b : Label) : GraphTables.acceptsAt (flatRows table) i a b = GraphTables.relationAt table.relations[i] a b := by simp [GraphTables.acceptsAt, flatRows] theorem flatRows_valid (table : Table n d) : GraphTables.Valid (flatRows table) := by constructor · intro i simpa only [reverseAt_flatRows] using table.involutive i · intro i a b simpa only [reverseAt_flatRows, acceptsAt_flatRows] using table.transpose i a b def graphTable (table : Table n d) : GraphTables.Table := ⟨n, n * d, flatRows table, flatRows_valid table⟩ def tableWords (table : Table n d) : List Nat := GraphTables.tableWords (graphTable table) def tableBits (table : Table n d) : List Bool := GraphTables.tableBits (graphTable table) abbrev Input (ports : Nat) := (vertices : Nat) × Table vertices ports def inputBits {ports : Nat} (input : Input ports) : List Bool := tableBits input.2 theorem tableWords_eq (table : Table n d) : tableWords table = [n, n * d] ++ (flatRows table).toList.flatMap GraphTables.rowWords := rfl theorem tableWords_length (table : Table n d) : (tableWords table).length = 2 + 4098 * (n * d) := GraphTables.tableWords_length (graphTable table) theorem vertices_le_tableBits_length (table : Table n d) : n ≤ (tableBits table).length := GraphTables.vertices_le_tableBits_length (graphTable table) end DFVSGames.Foundations.PCP.PortTables section open scoped BigOperators namespace DFVSGames.Foundations.PCP.DegreeReplacement open PoweringWalks variable {V E A D : Type*} abbrev Cloud (G : ConstraintGraph V E A) (v : V) := {e : E // G.tail e = v} def cloudIndexEquiv (G : ConstraintGraph V E A) : (E × D) ≃ (Σ v : V, Cloud G v × D) where toFun p := ⟨G.tail p.1, (⟨p.1, rfl⟩, p.2)⟩ invFun p := (p.2.1.val, p.2.2) left_inv _ := rfl right_inv := by rintro ⟨v, ⟨⟨e, he⟩, d⟩⟩ cases he rfl def cloudRotation (G : ConstraintGraph V E A) (H : ∀ v, PortGraph (Cloud G v) D) : (Σ v : V, Cloud G v × D) ≃ (Σ v : V, Cloud G v × D) := Equiv.sigmaCongrRight (fun v => (H v).rot) theorem cloudRotation_involutive (G : ConstraintGraph V E A) (H : ∀ v, PortGraph (Cloud G v) D) : Function.Involutive (cloudRotation G H) := by rintro ⟨v, p⟩ change (⟨v, (H v).rot ((H v).rot p)⟩ : Σ v : V, Cloud G v × D) = ⟨v, p⟩ rw [(H v).rot_involutive p] def innerRotation (G : ConstraintGraph V E A) (H : ∀ v, PortGraph (Cloud G v) D) : (E × D) ≃ (E × D) := ((cloudIndexEquiv G).trans (cloudRotation G H)).trans (cloudIndexEquiv G).symm theorem innerRotation_involutive (G : ConstraintGraph V E A) (H : ∀ v, PortGraph (Cloud G v) D) : Function.Involutive (innerRotation G H) := by intro p apply (cloudIndexEquiv G).injective simp only [innerRotation, Equiv.trans_apply, Equiv.apply_symm_apply] exact cloudRotation_involutive G H _ theorem innerRotation_tail (G : ConstraintGraph V E A) (H : ∀ v, PortGraph (Cloud G v) D) (e : E) (d : D) : G.tail (innerRotation G H (e, d)).1 = G.tail e := by change G.tail (((H (G.tail e)).rot (⟨e, rfl⟩, d)).1.val) = G.tail e exact ((H (G.tail e)).rot (⟨e, rfl⟩, d)).1.property def replacementStep (G : ConstraintGraph V E A) (H : ∀ v, PortGraph (Cloud G v) D) : E × (D ⊕ Unit) → E × (D ⊕ Unit) | (e, Sum.inl d) => let p := innerRotation G H (e, d) (p.1, Sum.inl p.2) | (e, Sum.inr u) => (G.reverse e, Sum.inr u) theorem replacementStep_involutive (G : ConstraintGraph V E A) (H : ∀ v, PortGraph (Cloud G v) D) : Function.Involutive (replacementStep G H) := by rintro ⟨e, p⟩ rcases p with d | u · change ((innerRotation G H (innerRotation G H (e, d))).1, (Sum.inl ((innerRotation G H (innerRotation G H (e, d))).2) : D ⊕ Unit)) = (e, Sum.inl d) rw [innerRotation_involutive G H (e, d)] · change (G.reverse (G.reverse e), (Sum.inr u : D ⊕ Unit)) = (e, Sum.inr u) rw [G.reverse_involutive e] def replacementPortGraph (G : ConstraintGraph V E A) (H : ∀ v, PortGraph (Cloud G v) D) : PortGraph E (D ⊕ Unit) where rot := { toFun := replacementStep G H invFun := replacementStep G H left_inv := replacementStep_involutive G H right_inv := replacementStep_involutive G H } rot_involutive := replacementStep_involutive G H def replacementGraph [DecidableEq A] (G : ConstraintGraph V E A) (H : ∀ v, PortGraph (Cloud G v) D) : ConstraintGraph E (E × (D ⊕ Unit)) A where reverse := (replacementPortGraph G H).rot reverse_involutive := (replacementPortGraph G H).rot_involutive tail := Prod.fst accepts p a b := match p.2 with | Sum.inl _ => decide (a = b) | Sum.inr _ => G.accepts p.1 a b reverse_accepts := by rintro ⟨e, p⟩ a b rcases p with d | u · change decide (b = a) = decide (a = b) simp [eq_comm] · exact G.reverse_accepts e a b def liftLabel (G : ConstraintGraph V E A) (labeling : V → A) : E → A := fun e => labeling (G.tail e) @[simp] theorem replacement_satisfied_inl [DecidableEq A] (G : ConstraintGraph V E A) (H : ∀ v, PortGraph (Cloud G v) D) (labeling : V → A) (e : E) (d : D) : (replacementGraph G H).edgeSatisfied (liftLabel G labeling) (e, Sum.inl d) = true := by change decide (labeling (G.tail e) = labeling (G.tail (innerRotation G H (e, d)).1)) = true rw [innerRotation_tail G H e d] simp @[simp] theorem replacement_satisfied_inr [DecidableEq A] (G : ConstraintGraph V E A) (H : ∀ v, PortGraph (Cloud G v) D) (labeling : V → A) (e : E) (u : Unit) : (replacementGraph G H).edgeSatisfied (liftLabel G labeling) (e, Sum.inr u) = G.edgeSatisfied labeling e := rfl theorem replacement_complete [DecidableEq A] (G : ConstraintGraph V E A) (H : ∀ v, PortGraph (Cloud G v) D) (labeling : V → A) (h : ∀ e, G.edgeSatisfied labeling e = true) : ∀ p, (replacementGraph G H).edgeSatisfied (liftLabel G labeling) p = true := by rintro ⟨e, p⟩ rcases p with d | u · exact replacement_satisfied_inl G H labeling e d · rw [replacement_satisfied_inr] exact h e theorem replacement_satisfiable [DecidableEq A] (G : ConstraintGraph V E A) (H : ∀ v, PortGraph (Cloud G v) D) (h : G.Satisfiable) : (replacementGraph G H).Satisfiable := by obtain ⟨labeling, hlabeling⟩ := h exact ⟨liftLabel G labeling, replacement_complete G H labeling hlabeling⟩ theorem rejectionCount_eq_sum [Fintype E] (G : ConstraintGraph V E A) (labeling : V → A) : G.rejectionCount labeling = ∑ e, if G.edgeSatisfied labeling e = false then 1 else 0 := by classical simp only [ConstraintGraph.rejectionCount, ConstraintGraph.rejectedDarts, Finset.card_eq_sum_ones, Finset.sum_filter] theorem replacement_rejectionCount [Fintype E] [Fintype D] [DecidableEq A] (G : ConstraintGraph V E A) (H : ∀ v, PortGraph (Cloud G v) D) (labeling : V → A) : (replacementGraph G H).rejectionCount (liftLabel G labeling) = G.rejectionCount labeling := by classical simp only [rejectionCount_eq_sum, Fintype.sum_prod_type, Fintype.sum_sum_type] simp simp only [Finset.card_filter] congr 1 abbrev PaddedDart (_G : ConstraintGraph V E A) (dummy : V → Type*) := E ⊕ (Σ v : V, dummy v) def paddedOwner (G : ConstraintGraph V E A) (dummy : V → Type*) : PaddedDart G dummy → V | Sum.inl e => G.tail e | Sum.inr z => z.1 def paddedReverse (G : ConstraintGraph V E A) (dummy : V → Type*) : PaddedDart G dummy ≃ PaddedDart G dummy := Equiv.sumCongr G.reverse (Equiv.refl (Σ v : V, dummy v)) theorem paddedReverse_involutive (G : ConstraintGraph V E A) (dummy : V → Type*) : Function.Involutive (paddedReverse G dummy) := by intro z cases z with | inl e => change (Sum.inl (G.reverse (G.reverse e)) : PaddedDart G dummy) = Sum.inl e rw [G.reverse_involutive e] | inr z => rfl def paddedGraph (G : ConstraintGraph V E A) (dummy : V → Type*) : ConstraintGraph V (PaddedDart G dummy) A where reverse := paddedReverse G dummy reverse_involutive := paddedReverse_involutive G dummy tail := paddedOwner G dummy accepts e a b := match e with | Sum.inl e => G.accepts e a b | Sum.inr _ => true reverse_accepts := by intro e a b cases e with | inl e => exact G.reverse_accepts e a b | inr z => rfl @[simp] theorem padded_satisfied_inl (G : ConstraintGraph V E A) (dummy : V → Type*) (labeling : V → A) (e : E) : (paddedGraph G dummy).edgeSatisfied labeling (Sum.inl e) = G.edgeSatisfied labeling e := rfl @[simp] theorem padded_satisfied_inr (G : ConstraintGraph V E A) (dummy : V → Type*) (labeling : V → A) (z : Σ v : V, dummy v) : (paddedGraph G dummy).edgeSatisfied labeling (Sum.inr z) = true := rfl theorem padded_complete (G : ConstraintGraph V E A) (dummy : V → Type*) (labeling : V → A) (h : ∀ e, G.edgeSatisfied labeling e = true) : ∀ c, (paddedGraph G dummy).edgeSatisfied labeling c = true := by intro c cases c with | inl e => exact h e | inr z => rfl theorem padded_satisfiable (G : ConstraintGraph V E A) (dummy : V → Type*) (h : G.Satisfiable) : (paddedGraph G dummy).Satisfiable := by obtain ⟨labeling, hlabeling⟩ := h exact ⟨labeling, padded_complete G dummy labeling hlabeling⟩ theorem card_paddedDart [Fintype V] [Fintype E] (G : ConstraintGraph V E A) (dummy : V → Type*) [∀ v, Fintype (dummy v)] : Fintype.card (PaddedDart G dummy) = Fintype.card E + ∑ v, Fintype.card (dummy v) := by rw [Fintype.card_sum, Fintype.card_sigma] theorem padded_rejectionCount [Fintype V] [Fintype E] (G : ConstraintGraph V E A) (dummy : V → Type*) [∀ v, Fintype (dummy v)] (labeling : V → A) : (paddedGraph G dummy).rejectionCount labeling = G.rejectionCount labeling := by classical simp only [rejectionCount_eq_sum, Fintype.sum_sum_type] simp simp only [Finset.card_filter] congr 1 def paddedReplacementPortGraph (G : ConstraintGraph V E A) (dummy : V → Type*) (H : ∀ v, PortGraph (Cloud (paddedGraph G dummy) v) D) : PortGraph (PaddedDart G dummy) (D ⊕ Unit) := replacementPortGraph (paddedGraph G dummy) H def paddedReplacementGraph [DecidableEq A] (G : ConstraintGraph V E A) (dummy : V → Type*) (H : ∀ v, PortGraph (Cloud (paddedGraph G dummy) v) D) : ConstraintGraph (PaddedDart G dummy) (PaddedDart G dummy × (D ⊕ Unit)) A := replacementGraph (paddedGraph G dummy) H theorem paddedReplacement_rejectionCount [Fintype V] [Fintype E] [Fintype D] [DecidableEq A] (G : ConstraintGraph V E A) (dummy : V → Type*) [∀ v, Fintype (dummy v)] (H : ∀ v, PortGraph (Cloud (paddedGraph G dummy) v) D) (labeling : V → A) : (paddedReplacementGraph G dummy H).rejectionCount (liftLabel (paddedGraph G dummy) labeling) = G.rejectionCount labeling := (replacement_rejectionCount (paddedGraph G dummy) H labeling).trans (padded_rejectionCount G dummy labeling) def noDummyEquiv (G : ConstraintGraph V E A) : PaddedDart G (fun _ : V => Empty) ≃ E where toFun z := match z with | Sum.inl e => e | Sum.inr z => Empty.elim z.2 invFun := Sum.inl left_inv := by intro z cases z with | inl e => rfl | inr z => exact Empty.elim z.2 right_inv _ := rfl end DFVSGames.Foundations.PCP.DegreeReplacement end noncomputable section namespace DFVSGames.Foundations.PCP.AssignmentTester open DFVSGames.Foundations.Hastad open scoped BigOperators open Finset variable {A : Type*} [Fintype A] [DecidableEq A] def truth (b : Bool) : ℝ := if b then 1 else 0 def disagree (a b : Bool) : ℝ := if a = b then 0 else 1 theorem truth_nonneg (b : Bool) : 0 ≤ truth b := by cases b <;> norm_num [truth] theorem disagree_nonneg (a b : Bool) : 0 ≤ disagree a b := by cases a <;> cases b <;> norm_num [disagree] theorem disagree_eq (a b : Bool) : disagree a b = (1 - bitSign a * bitSign b) / 2 := by cases a <;> cases b <;> norm_num [disagree, bitSign] theorem disagree_xor_le (a b c d : Bool) : disagree (a ^^ b) (c ^^ d) ≤ disagree a c + disagree b d := by cases a <;> cases b <;> cases c <;> cases d <;> norm_num [disagree] def parity (s f : Cube A) : Bool := decide (Odd ((Finset.univ.filter fun a => s a && f a = true).card)) theorem bitSign_parity (s f : Cube A) : bitSign (parity s f) = walsh s f := by have hw : walsh s f = (-1 : ℝ) ^ (Finset.univ.filter fun a => s a && f a = true).card := by simp [walsh, bitSign, Finset.prod_ite] rw [hw] simpa [parity, bitSign] using (sign_power_parity true (Finset.univ.filter fun a => s a && f a = true).card).symm theorem bitSign_injective : Function.Injective bitSign := by intro a b h cases a <;> cases b <;> simp_all [bitSign] <;> linarith theorem parity_xor (s f g : Cube A) : parity s (cubeXor f g) = (parity s f ^^ parity s g) := by apply bitSign_injective rw [bitSign_parity, bitSign_xor, bitSign_parity, bitSign_parity, walsh_xor] omit [Fintype A] [DecidableEq A] in theorem cubeXor_comm (f g : Cube A) : cubeXor f g = cubeXor g f := by funext a simp [cubeXor, Bool.xor_comm] omit [Fintype A] [DecidableEq A] in @[simp] theorem cubeXor_right_twice (f g : Cube A) : cubeXor (cubeXor f g) g = f := by funext a change ((f a ^^ g a) ^^ g a) = f a cases f a <;> cases g a <;> rfl theorem expect_cubeXor (F : Cube A → ℝ) (g : Cube A) : (𝔼 f, F (cubeXor f g)) = 𝔼 f, F f := by rw [Fintype.expect_eq_sum_div_card, Fintype.expect_eq_sum_div_card] congr 1 refine Finset.sum_bij (fun f _ => cubeXor f g) ?_ ?_ ?_ ?_ · intro f _ exact Finset.mem_univ _ · intro f _ h _ heq have hh := congrArg (fun x => cubeXor x g) heq simpa only [cubeXor_right_twice] using hh · intro f _ exact ⟨cubeXor f g, Finset.mem_univ _, cubeXor_right_twice f g⟩ · intro f _ rfl def distance {K : Type*} [Fintype K] (f g : K → Bool) : ℝ := 𝔼 k, disagree (f k) (g k) theorem distance_nonneg {K : Type*} [Fintype K] (f g : K → Bool) : 0 ≤ distance f g := by apply Finset.expect_nonneg intro k _ exact disagree_nonneg _ _ theorem distance_parity (F : Cube A → Bool) (s : Cube A) : distance F (parity s) = (1 - coefficient (fun f => bitSign (F f)) s) / 2 := by unfold distance simp_rw [disagree_eq, bitSign_parity, div_eq_mul_inv, ← Finset.expect_mul, Finset.expect_sub_distrib] simp only [Fintype.expect_const] rfl def blrReject (F : Cube A → Bool) : ℝ := 𝔼 f, 𝔼 g, disagree (F f ^^ F g) (F (cubeXor f g)) theorem blrReject_nonneg (F : Cube A → Bool) : 0 ≤ blrReject F := by apply Finset.expect_nonneg intro f _ apply Finset.expect_nonneg intro g _ exact disagree_nonneg _ _ theorem blr_correlation (F : Cube A → Bool) : (𝔼 f, 𝔼 g, bitSign (F f) * bitSign (F g) * bitSign (F (cubeXor f g))) = ∑ s, coefficient (fun f => bitSign (F f)) s ^ 3 := by simp_rw [mul_assoc, ← Finset.mul_expect] conv_lhs => enter [2, f, 2, 2, g, 2, 1] rw [cubeXor_comm] simp_rw [walsh_autocorrelation, Finset.mul_sum] rw [Finset.expect_sum_comm] apply Finset.sum_congr rfl intro s _ have heq (f : Cube A) : bitSign (F f) * (coefficient (fun f => bitSign (F f)) s ^ 2 * walsh s f) = coefficient (fun f => bitSign (F f)) s ^ 2 * (bitSign (F f) * walsh s f) := by ring simp_rw [heq, ← Finset.mul_expect] change coefficient (fun f => bitSign (F f)) s ^ 2 * coefficient (fun f => bitSign (F f)) s = _ ring theorem blrReject_fourier (F : Cube A → Bool) : blrReject F = (1 - ∑ s, coefficient (fun f => bitSign (F f)) s ^ 3) / 2 := by unfold blrReject simp_rw [disagree_eq, bitSign_xor, div_eq_mul_inv, ← Finset.expect_mul, Finset.expect_sub_distrib] simp only [Fintype.expect_const] rw [blr_correlation] theorem blr_near_parity (F : Cube A → Bool) : ∃ s : Cube A, distance F (parity s) ≤ blrReject F := by classical let c := coefficient (fun f => bitSign (F f)) have hmass : (∑ s, c s ^ 2) = 1 := sign_parseval F have hlarge : ∃ s, (∑ t, c t ^ 3) ≤ c s := by by_contra hn push Not at hn have hpos : ∃ s, 0 < c s ^ 2 := by by_contra hh push Not at hh have hz := Finset.sum_nonpos (s := Finset.univ) (fun s _ => hh s) linarith obtain ⟨s₀, hs₀⟩ := hpos have hle (s : Cube A) (_ : s ∈ Finset.univ) : c s ^ 3 ≤ (∑ t, c t ^ 3) * c s ^ 2 := by have h := mul_le_mul_of_nonneg_right (hn s).le (sq_nonneg (c s)) nlinarith have hlt : c s₀ ^ 3 < (∑ t, c t ^ 3) * c s₀ ^ 2 := by have h := mul_lt_mul_of_pos_right (hn s₀) hs₀ nlinarith have hsum := Finset.sum_lt_sum hle ⟨s₀, Finset.mem_univ _, hlt⟩ rw [← Finset.mul_sum, hmass, mul_one] at hsum exact (lt_irrefl _ hsum) obtain ⟨s, hs⟩ := hlarge refine ⟨s, ?_⟩ rw [distance_parity, blrReject_fourier] dsimp [c] at hs linarith def selfCorrect (F : Cube A → Bool) (x r : Cube A) : Bool := F r ^^ F (cubeXor r x) theorem parity_selfCorrect (s x r : Cube A) : (parity s r ^^ parity s (cubeXor r x)) = parity s x := by rw [parity_xor] cases parity s r <;> cases parity s x <;> rfl theorem selfCorrect_error (F : Cube A → Bool) (s x : Cube A) : (𝔼 r, disagree (selfCorrect F x r) (parity s x)) ≤ 2 * distance F (parity s) := by have hle (r : Cube A) : disagree (selfCorrect F x r) (parity s x) ≤ disagree (F r) (parity s r) + disagree (F (cubeXor r x)) (parity s (cubeXor r x)) := by rw [← parity_selfCorrect s x r] exact disagree_xor_le _ _ _ _ have h := Finset.expect_le_expect (s := Finset.univ) (fun r _ => hle r) rw [Finset.expect_add_distrib, expect_cubeXor (fun r => disagree (F r) (parity s r)) x] at h change _ ≤ distance F (parity s) + distance F (parity s) at h linarith def singleMask (i : A) : Cube A := fun j => decide (j = i) def flipAt (i : A) (f : Cube A) : Cube A := fun j => if j = i then !(f j) else f j omit [Fintype A] in @[simp] theorem flipAt_twice (i : A) (f : Cube A) : flipAt i (flipAt i f) = f := by funext j by_cases h : j = i <;> simp [flipAt, h] omit [Fintype A] in theorem flipAt_eq_xor (i : A) (f : Cube A) : flipAt i f = cubeXor f (singleMask i) := by funext j by_cases h : j = i <;> simp [flipAt, cubeXor, singleMask, h] theorem expect_flipAt (F : Cube A → ℝ) (i : A) : (𝔼 f, F (flipAt i f)) = 𝔼 f, F f := by simp_rw [flipAt_eq_xor] exact expect_cubeXor F _ theorem walsh_singleMask (s : Cube A) (i : A) : walsh s (singleMask i) = bitSign (s i) := by unfold walsh rw [Finset.prod_eq_single i] · simp [singleMask] · intro j _ hj simp [singleMask, hj, bitSign] · intro h exact False.elim (h (Finset.mem_univ _)) theorem parity_singleMask (s : Cube A) (i : A) : parity s (singleMask i) = s i := by apply bitSign_injective rw [bitSign_parity, walsh_singleMask] theorem parity_flipAt (s : Cube A) (i : A) (f : Cube A) (hs : s i = true) : parity s (flipAt i f) = !(parity s f) := by rw [flipAt_eq_xor, parity_xor, parity_singleMask, hs] cases parity s f <;> rfl def cubeAnd (f g : Cube A) : Cube A := fun a => f a && g a def andLawFailure (s f g : Cube A) : Bool := parity s (cubeAnd f g) ^^ (parity s f && parity s g) theorem andLawFailure_flipAt_second (s : Cube A) (i : A) (f g : Cube A) (hi : s i = true) : andLawFailure s f (flipAt i g) = (andLawFailure s f g ^^ (parity s f ^^ f i)) := by have hAnd : cubeAnd f (flipAt i g) = (if f i then flipAt i (cubeAnd f g) else cubeAnd f g) := by funext a by_cases ha : a = i · subst a cases hfi : f i <;> simp [cubeAnd, flipAt, hfi] · cases hfi : f i <;> simp [cubeAnd, flipAt, ha] have hg := parity_flipAt s i g hi have hfg := parity_flipAt s i (cubeAnd f g) hi cases hfi : f i <;> cases hf : parity s f <;> cases hg₀ : parity s g <;> cases ha : parity s (cubeAnd f g) <;> simp [andLawFailure, hAnd, hg, hfg, hfi, hf, hg₀, ha] private theorem four_truth_lower_inline_AssignmentTester (e₀ e₁ d : Bool) : (1 : ℝ) ≤ truth e₀ + truth (e₀ ^^ d) + truth e₁ + truth (e₁ ^^ (!d)) := by cases e₀ <;> cases e₁ <;> cases d <;> norm_num [truth] theorem parity_and_rejection (s : Cube A) (i j : A) (hi : s i = true) (hj : s j = true) (hij : i ≠ j) : (1 : ℝ) / 4 ≤ 𝔼 f, 𝔼 g, truth (andLawFailure s f g) := by have hpoint (f g : Cube A) : (1 : ℝ) ≤ truth (andLawFailure s f g) + truth (andLawFailure s f (flipAt i g)) + truth (andLawFailure s (flipAt j f) g) + truth (andLawFailure s (flipAt j f) (flipAt i g)) := by rw [andLawFailure_flipAt_second s i f g hi, andLawFailure_flipAt_second s i (flipAt j f) g hi] have hD : (parity s (flipAt j f) ^^ (flipAt j f) i) = !(parity s f ^^ f i) := by rw [parity_flipAt s j f hj] simp only [flipAt, ite_eq_right hij] cases hf : parity s f <;> cases hfi : f i <;> simp [] rw [hD] exact four_truth_lower_inline_AssignmentTester _ _ _ have havg := Finset.expect_le_expect (s := Finset.univ) (fun f _ => Finset.expect_le_expect (s := Finset.univ) (fun g _ => hpoint f g)) simp only [Finset.expect_add_distrib, Fintype.expect_const] at havg have hinner (f : Cube A) : (𝔼 g, truth (andLawFailure s f (flipAt i g))) = 𝔼 g, truth (andLawFailure s f g) := expect_flipAt (fun g => truth (andLawFailure s f g)) i have houter : (𝔼 f, 𝔼 g, truth (andLawFailure s (flipAt j f) g)) = 𝔼 f, 𝔼 g, truth (andLawFailure s f g) := expect_flipAt (fun f => 𝔼 g, truth (andLawFailure s f g)) j simp only [hinner, houter] at havg linarith theorem truth_xor (a b : Bool) : truth (a ^^ b) = disagree a b := by cases a <;> cases b <;> norm_num [truth, disagree] theorem disagree_triangle (a b c : Bool) : disagree a c ≤ disagree a b + disagree b c := by cases a <;> cases b <;> cases c <;> norm_num [disagree] theorem and_disagree_transfer (p₀ p₁ p₂ q₀ q₁ q₂ : Bool) : disagree p₀ (p₁ && p₂) ≤ disagree q₀ (q₁ && q₂) + disagree q₀ p₀ + disagree q₁ p₁ + disagree q₂ p₂ := by cases p₀ <;> cases p₁ <;> cases p₂ <;> cases q₀ <;> cases q₁ <;> cases q₂ <;> norm_num [disagree] def andReject (F : Cube A → Bool) : ℝ := 𝔼 f, 𝔼 g, 𝔼 r₀, 𝔼 r₁, 𝔼 r₂, disagree (selfCorrect F (cubeAnd f g) r₀) (selfCorrect F f r₁ && selfCorrect F g r₂) def unitReject (F : Cube A → Bool) : ℝ := 𝔼 r, disagree (selfCorrect F (fun _ => true) r) true variable {K : Type*} [Fintype K] [Nonempty K] def inputReject (label : A → K → Bool) (σ : K → Bool) (F : Cube A → Bool) : ℝ := 𝔼 k, 𝔼 r, disagree (σ k) (selfCorrect F (fun a => label a k) r) def testerReject (label : A → K → Bool) (σ : K → Bool) (F : Cube A → Bool) : ℝ := (blrReject F + andReject F + unitReject F + inputReject label σ F) / 4 theorem andReject_nonneg (F : Cube A → Bool) : 0 ≤ andReject F := by apply Finset.expect_nonneg intro f _ apply Finset.expect_nonneg intro g _ apply Finset.expect_nonneg intro r₀ _ apply Finset.expect_nonneg intro r₁ _ apply Finset.expect_nonneg intro r₂ _ exact disagree_nonneg _ _ theorem unitReject_nonneg (F : Cube A → Bool) : 0 ≤ unitReject F := by apply Finset.expect_nonneg intro r _ exact disagree_nonneg _ _ omit [Nonempty K] in theorem inputReject_nonneg (label : A → K → Bool) (σ : K → Bool) (F : Cube A → Bool) : 0 ≤ inputReject label σ F := by apply Finset.expect_nonneg intro k _ apply Finset.expect_nonneg intro r _ exact disagree_nonneg _ _ theorem andReject_transfer (F : Cube A → Bool) (s : Cube A) : (𝔼 f, 𝔼 g, truth (andLawFailure s f g)) ≤ andReject F + 6 * distance F (parity s) := by have hlocal (f g : Cube A) : truth (andLawFailure s f g) ≤ (𝔼 r₀, 𝔼 r₁, 𝔼 r₂, disagree (selfCorrect F (cubeAnd f g) r₀) (selfCorrect F f r₁ && selfCorrect F g r₂)) + 6 * distance F (parity s) := by have hp (r₀ r₁ r₂ : Cube A) := and_disagree_transfer (parity s (cubeAnd f g)) (parity s f) (parity s g) (selfCorrect F (cubeAnd f g) r₀) (selfCorrect F f r₁) (selfCorrect F g r₂) have havg := Finset.expect_le_expect (s := Finset.univ) (fun r₀ _ => Finset.expect_le_expect (s := Finset.univ) (fun r₁ _ => Finset.expect_le_expect (s := Finset.univ) (fun r₂ _ => hp r₀ r₁ r₂))) simp only [Finset.expect_add_distrib, Fintype.expect_const] at havg have h₀ := selfCorrect_error F s (cubeAnd f g) have h₁ := selfCorrect_error F s f have h₂ := selfCorrect_error F s g rw [andLawFailure, truth_xor] linarith have h := Finset.expect_le_expect (s := Finset.univ) (fun f _ => Finset.expect_le_expect (s := Finset.univ) (fun g _ => hlocal f g)) simpa only [Finset.expect_add_distrib, Fintype.expect_const, andReject] using h theorem parity_zero (f : Cube A) : parity (fun _ => false) f = false := by apply bitSign_injective rw [bitSign_parity] simp [walsh, bitSign] theorem unitReject_zero_parity (F : Cube A → Bool) : 1 - 2 * distance F (parity (fun _ => false)) ≤ unitReject F := by have herr := selfCorrect_error F (fun _ => false) (fun _ => true) simp only [parity_zero] at herr have heq : unitReject F + (𝔼 r, disagree (selfCorrect F (fun _ => true) r) false) = 1 := by unfold unitReject rw [← Finset.expect_add_distrib] have hp (b : Bool) : disagree b true + disagree b false = 1 := by cases b <;> norm_num [disagree] simp only [hp, Fintype.expect_const] linarith theorem parity_singleMask_eval (a : A) (f : Cube A) : parity (singleMask a) f = f a := by apply bitSign_injective rw [bitSign_parity, walsh_symm, walsh_singleMask] theorem inputReject_transfer (label : A → K → Bool) (σ : K → Bool) (F : Cube A → Bool) (a : A) : distance σ (label a) ≤ inputReject label σ F + 2 * distance F (parity (singleMask a)) := by have hlocal (k : K) : disagree (σ k) (label a k) ≤ (𝔼 r, disagree (σ k) (selfCorrect F (fun a => label a k) r)) + 2 * distance F (parity (singleMask a)) := by have hp (r : Cube A) := disagree_triangle (σ k) (selfCorrect F (fun a => label a k) r) (label a k) have havg := Finset.expect_le_expect (s := Finset.univ) (fun r _ => hp r) simp only [Fintype.expect_const, Finset.expect_add_distrib] at havg have herr := selfCorrect_error F (singleMask a) (fun a => label a k) simp only [parity_singleMask_eval] at herr linarith have h := Finset.expect_le_expect (s := Finset.univ) (fun k _ => hlocal k) simpa only [Finset.expect_add_distrib, Fintype.expect_const, inputReject, distance] using h theorem tester_proximity_soundness (label : A → K → Bool) (σ : K → Bool) (F : Cube A → Bool) {δ : ℝ} (hδ : 0 < δ) (hδ' : δ ≤ 1 / 4) (hfar : ∀ a, δ ≤ distance σ (label a)) : δ / 256 ≤ testerReject label σ F := by have hblr := blrReject_nonneg F have hand := andReject_nonneg F have hunit := unitReject_nonneg F have hin := inputReject_nonneg label σ F by_cases hb : δ / 64 ≤ blrReject F · unfold testerReject linarith obtain ⟨s, hs⟩ := blr_near_parity F by_cases hz : s = fun _ => false · subst s have hu := unitReject_zero_parity F unfold testerReject linarith have hsome : ∃ i, s i = true := by by_contra hh push Not at hh apply hz funext i have h := hh i cases hi : s i <;> simp_all obtain ⟨i, hi⟩ := hsome by_cases htwo : ∃ j, i ≠ j ∧ s j = true · obtain ⟨j, hij, hj⟩ := htwo have ha := parity_and_rejection s i j hi hj hij have ht := andReject_transfer F s unfold testerReject linarith · have heq : s = singleMask i := by funext j by_cases hji : j = i · subst j simp [singleMask, hi] · have hj : s j = false := by cases hv : s j · rfl · exact False.elim (htwo ⟨j, Ne.symm hji, hv⟩) simp [singleMask, hji, hj] subst s have ht := inputReject_transfer label σ F i have hf := hfar i unfold testerReject linarith omit [Fintype A] [DecidableEq A] in theorem selfCorrect_dictator (a : A) (x r : Cube A) : selfCorrect (fun f => f a) x r = x a := by change (r a ^^ (r a ^^ x a)) = x a cases r a <;> cases x a <;> rfl omit [Nonempty K] in theorem tester_perfect_completeness (label : A → K → Bool) (a : A) : testerReject label (label a) (fun f => f a) = 0 := by have hb : blrReject (fun f : Cube A => f a) = 0 := by simp [blrReject, cubeXor, disagree] have ha : andReject (fun f : Cube A => f a) = 0 := by simp [andReject, selfCorrect_dictator, cubeAnd, disagree] have hu : unitReject (fun f : Cube A => f a) = 0 := by simp [unitReject, selfCorrect_dictator, disagree] have hi : inputReject label (label a) (fun f => f a) = 0 := by simp [inputReject, selfCorrect_dictator, disagree] simp [testerReject, hb, ha, hu, hi] def eventQueries (label : A → K → Bool) (kind : Fin 4) (k : K) (f g r₀ r₁ r₂ : Cube A) (slot : Fin 6) : K ⊕ Cube A := if kind = 0 then if slot = 0 then .inr f else if slot = 1 then .inr g else .inr (cubeXor f g) else if kind = 1 then if slot = 0 then .inr r₀ else if slot = 1 then .inr (cubeXor r₀ (cubeAnd f g)) else if slot = 2 then .inr r₁ else if slot = 3 then .inr (cubeXor r₁ f) else if slot = 4 then .inr r₂ else .inr (cubeXor r₂ g) else if kind = 2 then if slot = 0 then .inr r₀ else .inr (cubeXor r₀ (fun _ => true)) else if slot = 0 then .inl k else if slot = 1 then .inr r₀ else .inr (cubeXor r₀ (fun a => label a k)) def eventAccepts (kind : Fin 4) (b : Fin 6 → Bool) : Bool := if kind = 0 then decide ((b 0 ^^ b 1) = b 2) else if kind = 1 then decide ((b 0 ^^ b 1) = ((b 2 ^^ b 3) && (b 4 ^^ b 5))) else if kind = 2 then (b 0 ^^ b 1) else decide (b 0 = (b 1 ^^ b 2)) def oracleAnswer (σ : K → Bool) (F : Cube A → Bool) : K ⊕ Cube A → Bool := Sum.elim σ F def eventReject (label : A → K → Bool) (σ : K → Bool) (F : Cube A → Bool) (kind : Fin 4) (k : K) (f g r₀ r₁ r₂ : Cube A) : ℝ := truth (!(eventAccepts kind (fun slot => oracleAnswer σ F (eventQueries label kind k f g r₀ r₁ r₂ slot)))) theorem truth_not_decide_eq (a b : Bool) : truth (!(decide (a = b))) = disagree a b := by cases a <;> cases b <;> norm_num [truth, disagree] omit [Fintype A] [DecidableEq A] [Fintype K] [Nonempty K] in theorem eventReject_blr (label : A → K → Bool) (σ : K → Bool) (F : Cube A → Bool) (k : K) (f g r₀ r₁ r₂ : Cube A) : eventReject label σ F 0 k f g r₀ r₁ r₂ = disagree (F f ^^ F g) (F (cubeXor f g)) := by simp [eventReject, eventAccepts, eventQueries, oracleAnswer, truth_not_decide_eq] omit [Fintype A] [DecidableEq A] [Fintype K] [Nonempty K] in theorem eventReject_and (label : A → K → Bool) (σ : K → Bool) (F : Cube A → Bool) (k : K) (f g r₀ r₁ r₂ : Cube A) : eventReject label σ F 1 k f g r₀ r₁ r₂ = disagree (selfCorrect F (cubeAnd f g) r₀) (selfCorrect F f r₁ && selfCorrect F g r₂) := by simp [eventReject, eventAccepts, eventQueries, oracleAnswer, truth_not_decide_eq, selfCorrect] omit [Fintype A] [DecidableEq A] [Fintype K] [Nonempty K] in theorem eventReject_unit (label : A → K → Bool) (σ : K → Bool) (F : Cube A → Bool) (k : K) (f g r₀ r₁ r₂ : Cube A) : eventReject label σ F 2 k f g r₀ r₁ r₂ = disagree (selfCorrect F (fun _ => true) r₀) true := by simp only [eventReject, eventAccepts, eventQueries, oracleAnswer] norm_num change truth (!(selfCorrect F (fun _ => true) r₀)) = disagree (selfCorrect F (fun _ => true) r₀) true cases selfCorrect F (fun _ => true) r₀ <;> norm_num [truth, disagree] omit [Fintype A] [DecidableEq A] [Fintype K] [Nonempty K] in theorem eventReject_input (label : A → K → Bool) (σ : K → Bool) (F : Cube A → Bool) (k : K) (f g r₀ r₁ r₂ : Cube A) : eventReject label σ F 3 k f g r₀ r₁ r₂ = disagree (σ k) (selfCorrect F (fun a => label a k) r₀) := by simp [eventReject, eventAccepts, eventQueries, oracleAnswer, truth_not_decide_eq, selfCorrect] omit [Fintype A] [DecidableEq A] [Fintype K] [Nonempty K] in theorem event_perfect_completeness (label : A → K → Bool) (a : A) (kind : Fin 4) (k : K) (f g r₀ r₁ r₂ : Cube A) : eventAccepts kind (fun slot => oracleAnswer (label a) (fun x => x a) (eventQueries label kind k f g r₀ r₁ r₂ slot)) = true := by have hkind : kind = 0 ∨ kind = 1 ∨ kind = 2 ∨ kind = 3 := by omega have hreject : eventReject label (label a) (fun x => x a) kind k f g r₀ r₁ r₂ = 0 := by rcases hkind with h | h | h | h <;> subst kind · simp [eventReject_blr, cubeXor, disagree] · simp [eventReject_and, selfCorrect_dictator, cubeAnd, disagree] · simp [eventReject_unit, selfCorrect_dictator, disagree] · simp [eventReject_input, selfCorrect_dictator, disagree] unfold eventReject at hreject cases h : eventAccepts kind (fun slot => oracleAnswer (label a) (fun x => x a) (eventQueries label kind k f g r₀ r₁ r₂ slot)) <;> simp_all [truth] def explicitTesterReject (label : A → K → Bool) (σ : K → Bool) (F : Cube A → Bool) : ℝ := 𝔼 kind : Fin 4, 𝔼 k, 𝔼 f, 𝔼 g, 𝔼 r₀, 𝔼 r₁, 𝔼 r₂, eventReject label σ F kind k f g r₀ r₁ r₂ theorem explicitTesterReject_eq (label : A → K → Bool) (σ : K → Bool) (F : Cube A → Bool) : explicitTesterReject label σ F = testerReject label σ F := by unfold explicitTesterReject rw [Fintype.expect_eq_sum_div_card] simp [Fin.sum_univ_succ, eventReject_blr, eventReject_and, eventReject_unit, eventReject_input, testerReject, blrReject, andReject, unitReject, inputReject, add_assoc] theorem explicit_proximity_soundness (label : A → K → Bool) (σ : K → Bool) (F : Cube A → Bool) {δ : ℝ} (hδ : 0 < δ) (hδ' : δ ≤ 1 / 4) (hfar : ∀ a, δ ≤ distance σ (label a)) : δ / 256 ≤ explicitTesterReject label σ F := by rw [explicitTesterReject_eq] exact tester_proximity_soundness label σ F hδ hδ' hfar end DFVSGames.Foundations.PCP.AssignmentTester end end OAI