import OAI.Dynamics.StandardMap.EntropyEndpoint import OAI.Dynamics.StandardMap.Coding.FixedWindowTower namespace OAI section namespace HyperbolicCoding open MeasureTheory Set Filter StandardMapEntropy.Entropy open scoped BigOperators ENNReal Topology variable {X A B : Type*} [MeasurableSpace X] [MeasurableSpace B] [Fintype B] [MeasurableSingletonClass B] lemma centeredWindow_orbit_shift [MeasurableSpace A] [Fintype A] [MeasurableSingletonClass A] (e : X ≃ᵐ X) (p : X → A) (R : ℕ) (x : X) : centeredWindow R (orbitName e p (e^[R] x))=word e p (2*R+1) x := by funext i change p (integerIterate e ((i.val : ℤ)-R) (e^[R] x))=p (e^[i.val] x) rw [←integerIterate_nat e R x,←integerIterate_add,sub_add_cancel,integerIterate_nat] variable [MeasurableSpace A] [Fintype A] [MeasurableSingletonClass A] lemma centered_decoder_error_eq (μ : Measure X) (e : X ≃ᵐ X) (he : MeasurePreserving e μ μ) (α : X → B) (p : X → A) (hα : Measurable α) (hp : Measurable p) (R : ℕ) (D : (Fin (2*R+1) → A) → B) : μ.real {x | α x≠D (centeredWindow R (orbitName e p x))}= μ.real {x | α (e^[R] x)≠D (word e p (2*R+1) x)} := by have hD : Measurable (fun x => D (centeredWindow R (orbitName e p x))) := (measurable_of_countable D).comp ((measurable_centeredWindow R).comp (measurable_orbitName e hp)) have hset : {x | α (e^[R] x)≠D (word e p (2*R+1) x)}= (e^[R]) ⁻¹' {x | α x≠D (centeredWindow R (orbitName e p x))} := by ext x simp only [mem_ofPred_eq,mem_preimage,centeredWindow_orbit_shift] have hm : MeasurableSet {x | α x≠D (centeredWindow R (orbitName e p x))} := (measurableSet_eq_fun hα hD).compl rw [hset,Measure.real,Measure.real,(he.iterate R).measure_preimage hm.nullMeasurableSet] lemma centered_decoder_perturbation [StandardBorelSpace X] [Nonempty A] (μ : Measure X) [IsFiniteMeasure μ] (e : X ≃ᵐ X) (he : MeasurePreserving e μ μ) (α : X → B) (p q : X → A) (hα : Measurable α) (hp : Measurable p) (hq : Measurable q) (R : ℕ) (D : (Fin (2*R+1) → A) → B) : μ.real {x | α x≠D (centeredWindow R (orbitName e q x))}≤ μ.real {x | α x≠D (centeredWindow R (orbitName e p x))}+ (2*R+1 : ℕ)*μ.real {x | p x≠q x} := by rw [centered_decoder_error_eq μ e he α q hα hq R D, centered_decoder_error_eq μ e he α p hα hp R D] exact finite_decoder_perturbation μ e he p q hp hq (fun x => α (e^[R] x)) _ D end HyperbolicCoding end section namespace HyperbolicCoding open MeasureTheory Set Filter StandardMapEntropy.Entropy open scoped BigOperators ENNReal Topology variable {X A B : Type*} [MeasurableSpace X] [StandardBorelSpace X] [TopologicalSpace X] [SecondCountableTopology X] [OpensMeasurableSpace X] [MeasurableSpace A] [Fintype A] [DecidableEq A] [MeasurableSingletonClass A] [Nonempty A] [TopologicalSpace A] [DiscreteTopology A] [BorelSpace A] [MeasurableSpace B] [Fintype B] [MeasurableSingletonClass B] [Nonempty B] theorem exact_iid_decoder_density (μ : Measure X) [IsProbabilityMeasure μ] [NullSingletonClass μ] [μ.OuterRegular] (e : X ≃ᵐ X) (he : Ergodic e μ) (htotal : ∀ m : ℕ,0 < m → Ergodic (e^[m]) μ) (p : X → A) (hp : Measurable p) (β : A → ℝ) (hβ : ∀ a,0≤β a) (hβsum : ∑ a,β a=1) (hβentropy : 0 < weightEntropy β) (H : FiniteRateSupremum μ e (weightEntropy β)) (hcode : MeasurePreserving (orbitName e p) μ (Measure.infinitePi (fun _ : ℤ => finiteWeightLaw β))) (α : X → B) (hα : Measurable α) (happrox : ∀ ε : ℝ,0 < ε → ∃ r : X → A×B,Measurable r ∧ WeakBernoulliProcess μ e r ∧ μ.real {x | (p x,α x)≠r x} < ε) (zero one : A) (h01 : zero≠one) {η : ℝ} (hη : 0 < η) : ∃ q : X → A,∃ R : ℕ,∃ D : (Fin (2*R+1) → A) → B,Measurable q ∧ MeasurePreserving (orbitName e q) μ (Measure.infinitePi (fun _ : ℤ => finiteWeightLaw β)) ∧ μ.real {x | p x≠q x} < η ∧ μ.real {x | α x≠D (centeredWindow R (orbitName e q x))} < η := by obtain ⟨R,D,hproduce⟩ := fixed_decoder_arbitrary_tests μ e he htotal p hp β hβ hβsum hβentropy H hcode α hα happrox zero one h01 (half_pos hη) let c : ℝ := η/(4*((2*R+1 : ℕ)+1)) have hc : 0 < c := by dsimp [c]; positivity obtain ⟨L,δ,hδ,hcomplete⟩ := seeded_exact_iid_limit μ e he htotal β hβ hβsum hβentropy H zero one h01 hc obtain ⟨q₀,hq₀,hpaint,hfixed,hlaw,hrate⟩ := hproduce L δ δ hδ hδ obtain ⟨q,hq,hcodeq,hclose⟩ := hcomplete q₀ hq₀ hlaw hrate.le have hwidth : (0 : ℝ)≤(2*R+1 : ℕ) := Nat.cast_nonneg _ have hceq : c*(4*((2*R+1 : ℕ)+1))=η := by dsimp [c]; field_simp have hcη : c≤η/4 := by nlinarith only [hceq,hc,hwidth] have hWc : (2*R+1 : ℕ)*c≤η/4 := by nlinarith only [hceq,hc,hwidth] refine ⟨q,R,D,hq,hcodeq,?_,?_⟩ · have hh := disagreement_triangle μ p q₀ q linarith only [hh,hpaint,hclose,hcη,hη] · rw [centered_decoder_error_eq μ e he.toMeasurePreserving α q hα hq R D] have hh := finite_decoder_perturbation μ e he.toMeasurePreserving q₀ q hq₀ hq (fun x => α (e^[R] x)) (2*R+1) D have hd := mul_le_mul_of_nonneg_left hclose.le hwidth linarith only [hh,hfixed,hd,hWc,hη] theorem exact_iid_decoder_density_of_separating_wb (μ : Measure X) [IsProbabilityMeasure μ] [NullSingletonClass μ] [μ.OuterRegular] (e : X ≃ᵐ X) (he : Ergodic e μ) (htotal : ∀ m : ℕ,0 < m → Ergodic (e^[m]) μ) (ξ : ℕ → ℕ → X → Bool) (hξ : ∀ i j,Measurable (ξ i j)) (hsep : Function.Injective (fun x => fun i j => ξ i j x)) (hwb : ∀ M,WeakBernoulliProcess μ e (joinedBinary ξ M)) (p : X → A) (hp : Measurable p) (β : A → ℝ) (hβ : ∀ a,0≤β a) (hβsum : ∑ a,β a=1) (hβentropy : 0 < weightEntropy β) (H : FiniteRateSupremum μ e (weightEntropy β)) (hcode : MeasurePreserving (orbitName e p) μ (Measure.infinitePi (fun _ : ℤ => finiteWeightLaw β))) (α : X → B) (hα : Measurable α) (zero one : A) (h01 : zero≠one) {η : ℝ} (hη : 0 < η) : ∃ q : X → A,∃ R : ℕ,∃ D : (Fin (2*R+1) → A) → B,Measurable q ∧ MeasurePreserving (orbitName e q) μ (Measure.infinitePi (fun _ : ℤ => finiteWeightLaw β)) ∧ μ.real {x | p x≠q x} < η ∧ μ.real {x | α x≠D (centeredWindow R (orbitName e q x))} < η := by apply exact_iid_decoder_density μ e he htotal p hp β hβ hβsum hβentropy H hcode α hα _ zero one h01 hη intro ε hε obtain ⟨r,hr,hwr,herr⟩ := separating_wb_approximation μ e ξ hξ hsep hwb (fun x => (p x,α x)) (hp.prodMk hα) hε refine ⟨r,hr,hwr,?_⟩ rwa [disagreement_symm] end HyperbolicCoding end section namespace HyperbolicCoding open MeasureTheory Set Filter StandardMapEntropy.Entropy open scoped BigOperators ENNReal Topology variable {X A : Type*} [MeasurableSpace X] [MeasurableSpace A] lemma budget_geometric_decay (b : ℕ → ℝ) (hb : ∀ n,b (n+1)≤b n/2) (n k : ℕ) : b (n+k)≤b n*(1/2 : ℝ)^k := by induction k with | zero => simp | succ k ih => rw [Nat.add_succ,pow_succ] have hh := hb (n+k) nlinarith only [ih,hh] lemma geometric_tail_distance (μ : Measure X) [IsFiniteMeasure μ] (q : ℕ → X → A) (b : ℕ → ℝ) (hpos : ∀ n,0≤b n) (hb : ∀ n,b (n+1)≤b n/2) (hpaint : ∀ n,μ.real {x | q n x≠q (n+1) x}≤b n/2) (n k : ℕ) : μ.real {x | q n x≠q (n+k) x}≤b n := by let η : ℕ → ℝ := fun j => b n/2*(1/2 : ℝ)^j have hstep (j : ℕ) : μ.real {x | q (n+j) x≠q (n+(j+1)) x}≤η j := by have h := hpaint (n+j) have hh := budget_geometric_decay b hb n j dsimp [η] rw [Nat.add_succ] nlinarith only [h,hh] have hh := sequence_distance_le_sum μ (fun j => q (n+j)) η hstep k simp only [Nat.add_zero] at hh apply hh.trans simp only [η,←Finset.mul_sum] have hs := mul_le_mul_of_nonneg_left (sum_geometric_two_le k) (show 0≤b n/2 from div_nonneg (hpos n) (by norm_num)) nlinarith only [hs] lemma geometric_tail_limit [MeasurableEq A] (μ : Measure X) [IsFiniteMeasure μ] (q : ℕ → X → A) (p : X → A) (hq : ∀ n,Measurable (q n)) (hp : Measurable p) (hlim : ∀ᵐ x ∂μ,∀ᶠ n : ℕ in atTop,q n x=p x) (b : ℕ → ℝ) (hpos : ∀ n,0≤b n) (hb : ∀ n,b (n+1)≤b n/2) (hpaint : ∀ n,μ.real {x | q n x≠q (n+1) x}≤b n/2) (n : ℕ) : μ.real {x | q n x≠p x}≤b n := by have ht : Tendsto (fun j : ℕ => n+j) atTop atTop := by simpa only [Nat.add_comm] using tendsto_add_atTop_nat n have hl : ∀ᵐ x ∂μ,∀ᶠ j : ℕ in atTop,q (n+j) x=p x := hlim.mono (fun x hx => ht.eventually hx) exact partition_limit_distance_bound μ (fun j => q (n+j)) p (q n) (fun j => hq _) hp hl (fun k => geometric_tail_distance μ q b hpos hb hpaint n k) end HyperbolicCoding end section namespace HyperbolicCoding open MeasureTheory Set Filter StandardMapEntropy.Entropy open scoped BigOperators ENNReal Topology lemma exists_post_decoder_budget (W : ℕ) {ε c : ℝ} (hε : 0 < ε) (hc : 0 < c) : ∃ b : ℝ,0 < b ∧ b≤c ∧ (W : ℝ)*b≤ε := by let b := min c (ε/((W : ℝ)+1)) have hW : (0 : ℝ)≤W := Nat.cast_nonneg W have hb : 0 < b := lt_min hc (by positivity) have hsmall : b≤ε/((W : ℝ)+1) := min_le_right _ _ have hh := (le_div_iff₀ (by positivity : (0 : ℝ)<(W : ℝ)+1)).mp hsmall exact ⟨b,hb,min_le_left _ _,by nlinarith only [hh,hb]⟩ end HyperbolicCoding end section namespace HyperbolicCoding open MeasureTheory Set Filter StandardMapEntropy.Entropy open scoped BigOperators ENNReal NNReal Topology variable {X A : Type*} [MeasurableSpace X] [StandardBorelSpace X] [TopologicalSpace X] [SecondCountableTopology X] [OpensMeasurableSpace X] [MeasurableSpace A] [Fintype A] [DecidableEq A] [MeasurableSingletonClass A] [Nonempty A] [TopologicalSpace A] [DiscreteTopology A] [BorelSpace A] structure GeneratingIIDStage (μ : Measure X) (e : X ≃ᵐ X) (β : A → ℝ) (α : ℕ → ℕ → X → Bool) (n : ℕ) where partition : X → A measurable_partition : Measurable partition iid : MeasurePreserving (orbitName e partition) μ (Measure.infinitePi (fun _ : ℤ => finiteWeightLaw β)) radius : ℕ decoder : (Fin (2*radius+1) → A) → ((Fin (n+1) × Fin (n+1)) → Bool) error : μ.real {x | joinedBinary α (n+1) x≠decoder (centeredWindow radius (orbitName e partition x))} < (1/2 : ℝ)^(n+2) budget : ℝ budget_pos : 0 < budget budget_small : (2*radius+1 : ℕ)*budget≤(1/2 : ℝ)^(n+2) lemma generating_iid_stage (μ : Measure X) [IsProbabilityMeasure μ] [NullSingletonClass μ] [μ.OuterRegular] (e : X ≃ᵐ X) (he : Ergodic e μ) (htotal : ∀ m : ℕ,0 < m → Ergodic (e^[m]) μ) (β : A → ℝ) (hβ : ∀ a,0≤β a) (hβsum : ∑ a,β a=1) (hβentropy : 0 < weightEntropy β) (H : FiniteRateSupremum μ e (weightEntropy β)) (α : ℕ → ℕ → X → Bool) (hα : ∀ i j,Measurable (α i j)) (hsep : Function.Injective (fun x => fun i j => α i j x)) (hwb : ∀ M,WeakBernoulliProcess μ e (joinedBinary α M)) (zero one : A) (h01 : zero≠one) (p : X → A) (hp : Measurable p) (hcode : MeasurePreserving (orbitName e p) μ (Measure.infinitePi (fun _ : ℤ => finiteWeightLaw β))) (n : ℕ) {η c : ℝ} (hη : 0 < η) (hc : 0 < c) : ∃ S : GeneratingIIDStage μ e β α n, μ.real {x | p x≠S.partition x} < η ∧ S.budget≤c := by have hε : 0 < (1/2 : ℝ)^(n+2) := by positivity obtain ⟨q,R,D,hq,hcodeq,hpaint,hdecode⟩ := exact_iid_decoder_density_of_separating_wb μ e he htotal α hα hsep hwb p hp β hβ hβsum hβentropy H hcode (joinedBinary α (n+1)) (measurable_joinedBinary hα _) zero one h01 (lt_min hη hε) obtain ⟨b,hb,hbc,hbudget⟩ := exists_post_decoder_budget (2*R+1) hε hc refine ⟨⟨q,hq,hcodeq,R,D,hdecode.trans_le (min_le_right _ _),b,hb,hbudget⟩,?_,hbc⟩ exact hpaint.trans_le (min_le_left _ _) theorem generating_iid_partition (μ : Measure X) [IsProbabilityMeasure μ] [NullSingletonClass μ] [μ.OuterRegular] (e : X ≃ᵐ X) (he : Ergodic e μ) (htotal : ∀ m : ℕ,0 < m → Ergodic (e^[m]) μ) (β : A → ℝ) (hβ : ∀ a,0≤β a) (hβsum : ∑ a,β a=1) (hβentropy : 0 < weightEntropy β) (H : FiniteRateSupremum μ e (weightEntropy β)) (α : ℕ → ℕ → X → Bool) (hα : ∀ i j,Measurable (α i j)) (hsep : Function.Injective (fun x => fun i j => α i j x)) (hwb : ∀ M,WeakBernoulliProcess μ e (joinedBinary α M)) (zero one : A) (h01 : zero≠one) (p₀ : X → A) (hp₀ : Measurable p₀) (hcode₀ : MeasurePreserving (orbitName e p₀) μ (Measure.infinitePi (fun _ : ℤ => finiteWeightLaw β))) : ∃ p : X → A,Measurable p ∧ MeasurePreserving (orbitName e p) μ (Measure.infinitePi (fun _ : ℤ => finiteWeightLaw β)) ∧ ∀ n : ℕ,∃ R : ℕ,∃ D : (Fin (2*R+1) → A) → ((Fin (n+1) × Fin (n+1)) → Bool), μ.real {x | joinedBinary α (n+1) x≠D (centeredWindow R (orbitName e p x))}≤2*(1/2 : ℝ)^(n+2) := by have hstart := generating_iid_stage μ e he htotal β hβ hβsum hβentropy H α hα hsep hwb zero one h01 p₀ hp₀ hcode₀ 0 zero_lt_one zero_lt_one let S₀ : GeneratingIIDStage μ e β α 0 := Classical.choose hstart have hnext (n : ℕ) (S : GeneratingIIDStage μ e β α n) : ∃ T : GeneratingIIDStage μ e β α (n+1), μ.real {x | S.partition x≠T.partition x} < S.budget/2 ∧ T.budget≤S.budget/2 := generating_iid_stage μ e he htotal β hβ hβsum hβentropy H α hα hsep hwb zero one h01 S.partition S.measurable_partition S.iid (n+1) (half_pos S.budget_pos) (half_pos S.budget_pos) let next (n : ℕ) (S : GeneratingIIDStage μ e β α n) : GeneratingIIDStage μ e β α (n+1) := Classical.choose (hnext n S) let z : (n : ℕ) → GeneratingIIDStage μ e β α n := fun n => Nat.rec (motive:=fun n => GeneratingIIDStage μ e β α n) S₀ next n let q : ℕ → X → A := fun n => (z n).partition let b : ℕ → ℝ := fun n => (z n).budget have hq (n : ℕ) : Measurable (q n) := (z n).measurable_partition have hbpos (n : ℕ) : 0 < b n := (z n).budget_pos have hb0 : b 0≤1 := (Classical.choose_spec hstart).2 have hb (n : ℕ) : b (n+1)≤b n/2 := (Classical.choose_spec (hnext n (z n))).2 have hpaint (n : ℕ) : μ.real {x | q n x≠q (n+1) x} < b n/2 := (Classical.choose_spec (hnext n (z n))).1 have hgeom (n : ℕ) : μ.real {x | q (n+1) x≠q n x} < ((1/2 : ℝ≥0)^n : ℝ) := by rw [disagreement_symm] have hdecay := budget_geometric_decay b hb 0 n simp only [Nat.zero_add] at hdecay have hbn : b n≤(1/2 : ℝ)^n := hdecay.trans (by simpa only [one_mul] using mul_le_mul_of_nonneg_right hb0 (by positivity : 0≤(1/2 : ℝ)^n)) have hh : b n/2≤b n := by linarith only [hbpos n] have hc := (hpaint n).trans_le (hh.trans hbn) simpa only [NNReal.coe_pow,NNReal.coe_div,NNReal.coe_one,NNReal.coe_ofNat] using hc obtain ⟨p,hp,hlim⟩ := exists_partition_limit μ q hq (geometric_repainting_summable μ q hgeom) let : IsProbabilityMeasure (finiteWeightLaw β) := finiteWeightLaw_probability β hβ hβsum have hlaw (n : ℕ) : LawClose (μ.map (word e (q n) n)) (Measure.pi (fun _ : Fin n => finiteWeightLaw β)) (1/(n+1 : ℝ)) := by rw [word_law_of_iid_factor μ e (q n) (hq n) (finiteWeightLaw β) (z n).iid] intro S hS simp only [sub_self,abs_zero] positivity have hcode := iid_law_of_growing_forward_words μ e he.toMeasurePreserving q hq p hp hlim (finiteWeightLaw β) (fun n => 1/(n+1 : ℝ)) tendsto_one_div_add_atTop_nhds_zero_nat hlaw refine ⟨p,hp,hcode,?_⟩ intro n refine ⟨(z n).radius,(z n).decoder,?_⟩ have htail := geometric_tail_limit μ q p hq hp hlim b (fun n => (hbpos n).le) hb (fun n => (hpaint n).le) n have hh := centered_decoder_perturbation μ e he.toMeasurePreserving (joinedBinary α (n+1)) (q n) p (measurable_joinedBinary hα _) (hq n) hp (z n).radius (z n).decoder have hd := mul_le_mul_of_nonneg_left htail (Nat.cast_nonneg (2*(z n).radius+1) : (0 : ℝ)≤_) have he := (z n).error have hb := (z n).budget_small change _≤_+_ at hh change _ < (1/2 : ℝ)^(n+2) at he change (2*(z n).radius+1 : ℕ)*b n≤(1/2 : ℝ)^(n+2) at hb linarith only [hh,hd,he,hb] end HyperbolicCoding end section namespace HyperbolicCoding open MeasureTheory Set Filter StandardMapEntropy.Entropy open scoped BigOperators ENNReal Topology variable {X A : Type*} [MeasurableSpace X] [MeasurableSpace A] [Fintype A] [MeasurableSingletonClass A] theorem binary_factors_of_joined_decoders (μ : Measure X) [IsProbabilityMeasure μ] (e : X ≃ᵐ X) (p : X → A) (α : ℕ → ℕ → X → Bool) (hdecode : ∀ n : ℕ,∃ R : ℕ,∃ D : (Fin (2*R+1) → A) → ((Fin (n+1) × Fin (n+1)) → Bool), μ.real {x | joinedBinary α (n+1) x≠D (centeredWindow R (orbitName e p x))}≤2*(1/2 : ℝ)^(n+2)) : ∀ i j : ℕ,∀ ε : ℝ,0 < ε → ∃ g : (ℤ → A) → Bool,Measurable g ∧ μ {x | g (orbitName e p x)≠α i j x} < ENNReal.ofReal ε := by intro i j ε hε have hz : Tendsto (fun n : ℕ => 2*(1/2 : ℝ)^(n+2)) atTop (𝓝 0) := by have hp := tendsto_pow_atTop_nhds_zero_of_lt_one (by norm_num : (0 : ℝ)≤1/2) (by norm_num : (1/2 : ℝ) < 1) simpa using tendsto_const_nhds.mul (hp.comp (tendsto_add_atTop_nat 2)) obtain ⟨n,hnε,hnlarge⟩ := ((hz.eventually (gt_mem_nhds hε)).and (eventually_ge_atTop (max i j))).exists obtain ⟨R,D,hD⟩ := hdecode n have hi : i < n+1 := by omega have hj : j < n+1 := by omega let ij : Fin (n+1) × Fin (n+1) := (⟨i,hi⟩,⟨j,hj⟩) let g : (ℤ → A) → Bool := fun w => D (centeredWindow R w) ij have hg : Measurable g := (measurable_pi_apply ij).comp ((measurable_of_countable D).comp (measurable_centeredWindow R)) have hsub : {x | g (orbitName e p x)≠α i j x}⊆ {x | joinedBinary α (n+1) x≠D (centeredWindow R (orbitName e p x))} := by intro x hx heq have hh := congrFun heq ij exact hx hh.symm have hh : μ.real {x | g (orbitName e p x)≠α i j x} < ε := ((measureReal_mono (μ:=μ) hsub).trans hD).trans_lt hnε refine ⟨g,hg,?_⟩ rw [←ENNReal.ofReal_toReal (measure_ne_top μ {x | g (orbitName e p x)≠α i j x})] exact (ENNReal.ofReal_lt_ofReal_iff hε).mpr hh end HyperbolicCoding end section namespace HyperbolicCoding open MeasureTheory MeasureTheory.Measure Set Filter StandardMapEntropy.Entropy open scoped BigOperators ENNReal Topology variable {X A : Type*} [MeasurableSpace X] [StandardBorelSpace X] [MeasurableSpace A] [Fintype A] [MeasurableSingletonClass A] [Nonempty A] theorem bernoulli_model_of_generating_iid (μ : Measure X) [IsProbabilityMeasure μ] (e : X ≃ᵐ X) (p : X → A) (hp : Measurable p) (β : Measure A) [IsProbabilityMeasure β] (hcode : MeasurePreserving (orbitName e p) μ (Measure.infinitePi (fun _ : ℤ => β))) (α : ℕ → ℕ → X → Bool) (hsep : Function.Injective (fun x => fun i j => α i j x)) (hdecode : ∀ n : ℕ,∃ R : ℕ,∃ D : (Fin (2*R+1) → A) → ((Fin (n+1) × Fin (n+1)) → Bool), μ.real {x | joinedBinary α (n+1) x≠D (centeredWindow R (orbitName e p x))}≤2*(1/2 : ℝ)^(n+2)) : ∃ βR : Measure ℝ,IsProbabilityMeasure βR ∧ ∃ (encode : X → (ℤ → ℝ)) (decode : (ℤ → ℝ) → X), MeasurePreserving encode μ (Measure.infinitePi (fun _ : ℤ => βR)) ∧ MeasurePreserving decode (Measure.infinitePi (fun _ : ℤ => βR)) μ ∧ (∀ᵐ x ∂μ,decode (encode x)=x) ∧ (∀ᵐ w ∂Measure.infinitePi (fun _ : ℤ => βR),encode (decode w)=w) ∧ (∀ᵐ x ∂μ,encode (e x)=fun i : ℤ => encode x (i+1)) := by have hsep' : Function.Injective (fun x => fun i : ℕ × ℕ => α i.1 i.2 x) := by intro x y h apply hsep funext i j exact congrFun h (i,j) obtain ⟨d,hd,hl,_hr⟩ := measurable_decoder_of_generating_approximations μ (orbitName e p) (measurable_orbitName e hp) (fun i : ℕ × ℕ => α i.1 i.2) hsep' (fun i => binary_factors_of_joined_decoders μ e p α hdecode i.1 i.2) rw [hcode.map_eq] at hd let b : A → ℝ := embeddingReal A have hb : MeasurableEmbedding b := measurableEmbedding_embeddingReal A let βR := β.map b have : IsProbabilityMeasure βR := inferInstance let F : (ℤ → A) → (ℤ → ℝ) := fun w i => b (w i) let G : (ℤ → ℝ) → (ℤ → A) := fun w i => hb.invFun (w i) have hF : Measurable F := Measurable.of_eval (fun index => hb.measurable.comp (measurable_pi_apply index)) have hG : Measurable G := Measurable.of_eval (fun index => hb.measurable_invFun.comp (measurable_pi_apply index)) have hGF (w : ℤ → A) : G (F w)=w := funext (fun i => hb.leftInverse_invFun (w i)) have hmpF : MeasurePreserving F (Measure.infinitePi (fun _ : ℤ => β)) (Measure.infinitePi (fun _ : ℤ => βR)) := ⟨hF,Measure.infinitePi_map_pi _ (fun _ => hb.measurable)⟩ have hmpG : MeasurePreserving G (Measure.infinitePi (fun _ : ℤ => βR)) (Measure.infinitePi (fun _ : ℤ => β)) := by refine ⟨hG,?_⟩ rw [←hmpF.map_eq,Measure.map_map hG hF,show G ∘ F=id from funext hGF,Measure.map_id] let encode : X → (ℤ → ℝ) := F ∘ orbitName e p let decode : (ℤ → ℝ) → X := d ∘ G have hE : MeasurePreserving encode μ (Measure.infinitePi (fun _ : ℤ => βR)) := hmpF.comp hcode have hD : MeasurePreserving decode (Measure.infinitePi (fun _ : ℤ => βR)) μ := hd.comp hmpG have hleft : ∀ᵐ x ∂μ,decode (encode x)=x := by filter_upwards [hl] with x hx exact (congrArg d (hGF (orbitName e p x))).trans hx refine ⟨βR,inferInstance,encode,decode,hE,hD,hleft,?_,?_⟩ · rw [←hE.map_eq] apply (ae_map_iff hE.measurable.aemeasurable (measurableSet_eq_fun (hE.measurable.comp hD.measurable) measurable_id)).mpr filter_upwards [hleft] with x hx exact congrArg encode hx · exact ae_of_all _ (fun x => funext (fun i => congrArg b (congrFun (orbitName_shift e p x) i))) end HyperbolicCoding end end OAI