import OAI.Dynamics.StandardMap.EntropyEndpoint import OAI.Dynamics.StandardMap.Entropy.FiniteBinCoding import OAI.Dynamics.StandardMap.Coding.TypicalWordCodebook namespace OAI section namespace HyperbolicCoding open MeasureTheory Set Filter StandardMapEntropy.Entropy open scoped BigOperators ENNReal Topology variable {X A : Type*} [MeasurableSpace X] [Fintype A] [DecidableEq A] [MeasurableSpace A] [MeasurableSingletonClass A] (μ : Measure X) [IsProbabilityMeasure μ] omit [DecidableEq A] in theorem entropy_rate_codebook (f : X → X) (hf : MeasurePreserving f μ μ) (htotal : ∀ (m : ℕ), 0 < m → Ergodic (f^[m]) μ) (p : X → A) (hp : Measurable p) {δ : ℝ} (hδ : 0<δ) : ∃ m : ℕ, 0 < m ∧ ∀ ε : ℝ,0<ε → ∀ᶠ n : ℕ in atTop, ∃ S : Finset (Fin (n*m) → A), (S.card : ℝ)≤Real.exp ((n*m : ℕ)*(rate μ f p+δ)) ∧ μ.real {x | word f p (n*m) x∉S}<ε := by have hlim := (tendsto_order.mp (rate_tendsto μ f hf p hp)).2 (rate μ f p+δ/2) (by linarith) obtain ⟨m,hm,hmrate⟩ := (eventually_gt_atTop 0 |>.and hlim).exists have hmr : 0<(m : ℝ) := Nat.cast_pos.mpr hm have hblock : obs μ (word f p m)<(m : ℝ)*(rate μ f p+δ/2) := by exact (div_lt_iff₀ hmr).mp hmrate |>.trans_eq (mul_comm _ _) refine ⟨m,hm,?_⟩ intro ε hε have htyp := eventually_upper_information_codebook μ (f^[m]) (htotal m hm) (word f p m) (word_measurable f hf.measurable p hp m) (δ:=(m : ℝ)*δ/2) (by positivity) hε filter_upwards [htyp] with n hn obtain ⟨B,hB,hbad⟩ := hn let S := B.map (wordPack n m).symm.toEmbedding have hmem (w : Fin (n*m) → A) : w∈S ↔ wordPack n m w∈B := by simp only [S,Finset.mem_map,Equiv.toEmbedding_apply] constructor · rintro ⟨b,hb,rfl⟩ simpa using hb · intro hw exact ⟨wordPack n m w,hw,(wordPack n m).symm_apply_apply w⟩ refine ⟨S,?_,?_⟩ · have hcard : S.card=B.card := Finset.card_map _ rw [hcard] apply hB.trans (Real.exp_le_exp.mpr ?_) have hn0 : (0 : ℝ)≤n := Nat.cast_nonneg n push_cast nlinarith · convert hbad using 1 congr 1 ext x simp only [mem_ofPred_eq,hmem,wordPack_apply] end HyperbolicCoding end section namespace HyperbolicCoding.Marker open scoped BigOperators variable {A C : Type*} {n r : ℕ} def HeadMarker (hr : r < n) (zero one : A) (w : Fin n → A) : Prop := (∀ j : Fin r, w ⟨j.val,lt_trans j.isLt hr⟩=zero) ∧ w ⟨r,hr⟩=one def MarkedBlock (hr : r < n) (zero one : A) (w : Fin n → A) : Prop := HeadMarker hr zero one w ∧ ∀ j : Fin n,0 < j.val → ∃ (l : Fin r) (h : j.val+l.val < n), w ⟨j.val+l.val,h⟩=one def centeredWindow (n : ℕ) (a : ℤ → A) (i : Fin n) : Fin (2*n) → A := fun j => a ((i.val : ℤ)+(j.val : ℤ)-(n : ℤ)) def column (v : Fin (2*n) → A) (t : Fin n) : Fin n → A := fun j => v ⟨n-t.val+j.val,by omega⟩ lemma column_centeredWindow (a : ℤ → A) (i t j : Fin n) : column (centeredWindow n a i) t j = a ((i.val : ℤ)-(t.val : ℤ)+(j.val : ℤ)) := by unfold column centeredWindow congr 1 rw [Nat.cast_add,Nat.cast_sub (by omega : t.val≤n)] ring lemma self_column_centeredWindow (a : ℤ → A) (i : Fin n) : column (centeredWindow n a i) i = fun j : Fin n => a (j.val : ℤ) := by funext j rw [column_centeredWindow,sub_self,zero_add] noncomputable def candidates (hr : r < n) (zero one : A) (v : Fin (2*n) → A) : Finset (Fin n) := by classical exact Finset.univ.filter (fun t => HeadMarker hr zero one (column v t)) lemma mem_candidates (hr : r < n) (zero one : A) (v : Fin (2*n) → A) (t : Fin n) : t∈candidates hr zero one v ↔ HeadMarker hr zero one (column v t) := by classical simp [candidates] noncomputable def phase (hn : 0 < n) (hr : r < n) (zero one : A) (v : Fin (2*n) → A) : Fin n := if h : (candidates hr zero one v).Nonempty then (candidates hr zero one v).min' h else ⟨0,hn⟩ lemma phase_eq_of_no_earlier (hn : 0 < n) (hr : r < n) (zero one : A) (v : Fin (2*n) → A) (i : Fin n) (hi : HeadMarker hr zero one (column v i)) (hbefore : ∀ t : Fin n,t < i → ¬HeadMarker hr zero one (column v t)) : phase hn hr zero one v=i := by classical have hm : i∈candidates hr zero one v := (mem_candidates hr zero one v i).mpr hi have hs : (candidates hr zero one v).Nonempty := ⟨i,hm⟩ rw [phase,dite_eq_left hs] apply le_antisymm (Finset.min'_le _ _ hm) by_contra h have ht : (candidates hr zero one v).min' hs < i := lt_of_not_ge h exact hbefore _ ht ((mem_candidates hr zero one v _).mp (Finset.min'_mem _ hs)) theorem phase_centeredWindow (hn : 0 < n) (hr : r < n) (zero one : A) (h01 : zero≠one) (a : ℤ → A) (hblock : MarkedBlock hr zero one (fun j : Fin n => a (j.val : ℤ))) (i : Fin n) : phase hn hr zero one (centeredWindow n a i)=i := by apply phase_eq_of_no_earlier hn hr zero one _ i · rw [self_column_centeredWindow] exact hblock.1 · intro t ht hm have hti : t.val < i.val := ht let j : Fin n := ⟨i.val-t.val,by omega⟩ have hj : 0 < j.val := by dsimp [j]; omega obtain ⟨l,hl,hb⟩ := hblock.2 j hj have hz := hm.1 l rw [column_centeredWindow] at hz have heq : (i.val : ℤ)-(t.val : ℤ)+(l.val : ℤ) = ((j.val+l.val : ℕ) : ℤ) := by dsimp [j] omega rw [heq] at hz exact h01 (hz.symm.trans hb) noncomputable def decodeWindow (hn : 0 < n) (hr : r < n) (zero one : A) (D : (Fin n → A) → (Fin n → C)) (v : Fin (2*n) → A) : C := D (column v (phase hn hr zero one v)) (phase hn hr zero one v) theorem decode_centeredWindow (hn : 0 < n) (hr : r < n) (zero one : A) (h01 : zero≠one) (D : (Fin n → A) → (Fin n → C)) (a : ℤ → A) (hblock : MarkedBlock hr zero one (fun j : Fin n => a (j.val : ℤ))) (i : Fin n) : decodeWindow hn hr zero one D (centeredWindow n a i)=D (fun j : Fin n => a (j.val : ℤ)) i := by unfold decodeWindow rw [phase_centeredWindow hn hr zero one h01 a hblock i,self_column_centeredWindow] section Construction def markWord (r : ℕ) (zero one : A) (w : Fin n → A) (i : Fin n) : A := if i.val < r then zero else if i.val%r=0 ∨ i.val+1=n then one else w i lemma exists_multiple_window (hr : 0 < r) (j : ℕ) : ∃ k : ℕ,j≤k ∧ k < j+r ∧ k%r=0 := by by_cases hj : j%r=0 · exact ⟨j,le_rfl,by omega,hj⟩ · have hm : j%r < r := Nat.mod_lt j hr have he := Nat.mod_add_div j r refine ⟨j+(r-j%r),by omega,by omega,?_⟩ have hk : j+(r-j%r)=r*(j/r+1) := by rw [Nat.mul_add,Nat.mul_one] omega rw [hk,Nat.mul_mod_right] lemma exists_guard (hr0 : 0 < r) (hr : r < n) (j : Fin n) (hj : 0 < j.val) : ∃ k : Fin n, j.val≤k.val ∧ k.val < j.val+r ∧ r≤k.val ∧ (k.val%r=0 ∨ k.val+1=n) := by by_cases hjr : j.val < r · exact ⟨⟨r,hr⟩,hjr.le,by dsimp only; omega,le_rfl,Or.inl (Nat.mod_self r)⟩ · obtain ⟨k,hjk,hkr,hm⟩ := exists_multiple_window hr0 j.val by_cases hkn : k < n · exact ⟨⟨k,hkn⟩,hjk,hkr,(by dsimp only; omega),Or.inl hm⟩ · refine ⟨⟨n-1,by omega⟩,by dsimp only; omega,by dsimp only; omega,by dsimp only; omega,Or.inr (by dsimp only; omega)⟩ theorem markWord_isMarked (hr0 : 0 < r) (hr : r < n) (zero one : A) (w : Fin n → A) : MarkedBlock hr zero one (markWord r zero one w) := by constructor · constructor · intro j simp only [markWord,j.isLt,↓reduceIte] · simp [markWord] · intro j hj obtain ⟨k,hjk,hkr,hrk,hk⟩ := exists_guard hr0 hr j hj let l : Fin r := ⟨k.val-j.val,by omega⟩ have he : j.val+l.val=k.val := by dsimp [l]; omega refine ⟨l,by omega,?_⟩ simp only [markWord,he,not_lt.mpr hrk,↓reduceIte,hk] end Construction end HyperbolicCoding.Marker end section namespace HyperbolicCoding.Marker open scoped BigOperators variable {A : Type*} [Fintype A] [DecidableEq A] {n r : ℕ} def reserved (n r : ℕ) : Finset (Fin n) := Finset.univ.filter (fun i => i.val < r ∨ i.val%r=0 ∨ i.val+1=n) omit [Fintype A] [DecidableEq A] in lemma markWord_eq_outside (zero one : A) (w : Fin n → A) (i : Fin n) (hi : i∉reserved n r) : markWord r zero one w i=w i := by simp only [reserved,Finset.mem_filter,Finset.mem_univ,true_and,not_or] at hi simp only [markWord,hi.1,hi.2.1,hi.2.2,or_self,↓reduceIte] lemma reserved_card (_hr : 0 < r) : (reserved n r).card ≤ r+n/r+2 := by let F : reserved n r → (Fin r ⊕ (Fin (n/r+1) ⊕ Unit)) := fun i => if hi : i.val.val < r then Sum.inl ⟨i.val.val,hi⟩ else if hd : i.val.val%r=0 then Sum.inr (Sum.inl ⟨i.val.val/r,by have h := Nat.div_le_div_right (Nat.le_of_lt i.val.isLt) (c:=r) omega⟩) else Sum.inr (Sum.inr ()) have hF : Function.Injective F := by intro i j hij apply Subtype.ext apply Fin.ext have hi := (Finset.mem_filter.mp i.property).2 have hj := (Finset.mem_filter.mp j.property).2 by_cases hi₀ : i.val.val < r · by_cases hj₀ : j.val.val < r · simpa [F,hi₀,hj₀] using hij · simp only [F,dite_eq_left hi₀,dite_eq_right hj₀] at hij split_ifs at hij · by_cases hj₀ : j.val.val < r · simp only [F,dite_eq_right hi₀,dite_eq_left hj₀] at hij split_ifs at hij · by_cases hi₁ : i.val.val%r=0 · by_cases hj₁ : j.val.val%r=0 · have hquot : i.val.val/r=j.val.val/r := by simpa [F,hi₀,hj₀,hi₁,hj₁] using hij have hq1 := Nat.mod_add_div i.val.val r have hq2 := Nat.mod_add_div j.val.val r rw [hquot] at hq1 omega · simp [F,hi₀,hj₀,hi₁,hj₁] at hij · by_cases hj₁ : j.val.val%r=0 · simp [F,hi₀,hj₀,hi₁,hj₁] at hij · omega have h := Fintype.card_le_of_injective F hF simpa only [Fintype.card_coe,Fintype.card_sum,Fintype.card_fin,Fintype.card_unit, ←Nat.add_assoc] using h omit [Fintype A] [DecidableEq A] in lemma markWord_cost (zero one : A) (w : Fin n → A) : nameCost w (markWord r zero one w) ≤ (reserved n r).card := by calc _ ≤ ∑ i : Fin n,if i∈reserved n r then (1 : ℝ) else 0 := by unfold nameCost apply Finset.sum_le_sum intro i _ by_cases hi : i∈reserved n r · simp only [ite_eq_left hi] exact symbolCost_le_one _ _ · rw [ite_eq_right hi,markWord_eq_outside zero one w i hi] simp [symbolCost] _ = _ := by simp omit [Fintype A] [DecidableEq A] in lemma markWord_cost_le (hr : 0 < r) (zero one : A) (w : Fin n → A) : nameCost w (markWord r zero one w) ≤ (r+n/r+2 : ℕ) := (markWord_cost zero one w).trans (by exact_mod_cast reserved_card (n:=n) hr) lemma overwrite_fiber_card (S : Finset (Fin n)) (f : (Fin n → A) → (Fin n → A)) (hf : ∀ w i,i∉S → f w i=w i) (v : Fin n → A) : Fintype.card {w : Fin n → A // f w=v} ≤ (Fintype.card A)^S.card := by let F : {w : Fin n → A // f w=v} → (S → A) := fun w i => w.val i.val have hF : Function.Injective F := by intro w z hwz apply Subtype.ext funext i by_cases hi : i∈S · exact congrFun hwz ⟨i,hi⟩ · calc w.val i = f w.val i := (hf w.val i hi).symm _ = v i := congrFun w.property i _ = f z.val i := (congrFun z.property i).symm _ = z.val i := hf z.val i hi simpa only [Fintype.card_fun,Fintype.card_coe] using Fintype.card_le_of_injective F hF lemma markWord_fiber_card (zero one : A) (v : Fin n → A) : Fintype.card {w : Fin n → A // markWord r zero one w=v} ≤ (Fintype.card A)^(reserved n r).card := overwrite_fiber_card (reserved n r) (markWord r zero one) (markWord_eq_outside zero one) v end HyperbolicCoding.Marker end section namespace HyperbolicCoding open Filter open scoped Topology lemma marked_entropy_exponent_bound (a h δ : ℝ) (ha : 1≤a) (K r m n : ℕ) (hr : 0