import OAI.Geometry.ComplexBundle.Kernel import OAI.Geometry.ComplexBundle.Orthonormal namespace OAI noncomputable section /-! Local and global topology and splitting of frame complement bundles. -/ section open Bundle Topology namespace Kaplansky open ComplexGrassmann namespace ContinuousOrthonormalStageFrame section variable {ι : Type*} {K : ι → ℕ} {a : LineStage K} {d : ℕ} variable (f : ContinuousOrthonormalStageFrame a d) /-- The complement is the kernel of the actual frame coefficient map. -/ theorem analysis_ker (y : ProjectiveProduct K) : LinearMap.ker (frameAnalysis (f.vector y)) = (Submodule.span ℂ (Set.range (f.vector y)))ᗮ := by ext v rw [LinearMap.mem_ker,Submodule.mem_orthogonal] constructor · intro h u hu have hz (i : Fin d) : inner ℂ (f.vector y i) v=0 := congrArg (fun w : EuclideanSpace ℂ (Fin d) => w i) h induction hu using Submodule.span_induction with | mem u hu => obtain ⟨i, rfl⟩ := hu exact hz i | zero => exact inner_zero_left _ | add u w hu hw ihu ihw => exact (inner_add_left u w _).trans (by rw [ihu, ihw, zero_add]) | smul c u hu ihu => exact (inner_smul_left u _ c).trans (by rw [ihu, mul_zero]) · intro h apply (EuclideanSpace.equiv (Fin d) ℂ).injective funext i exact h _ (Submodule.subset_span ⟨i,rfl⟩) theorem analysis_surjective (y : ProjectiveProduct K) : Function.Surjective (frameAnalysis (f.vector y)) := fun v => ⟨frameSynthesis (f.vector y) v,frameAnalysis_synthesis _ (f.orthonormal y) v⟩ /-- The actual kernel has constant rank, with no complement-bundle premise. -/ theorem analysis_kernel_finrank (y : ProjectiveProduct K) : Module.finrank ℂ (LinearMap.ker (frameAnalysis (f.vector y))) = Fintype.card a.Slot-d := by rw [f.analysis_ker] have h := f.complement_finrank y omega end section variable {ι : Type*} {K : ι → ℕ} {a : LineStage K} {d : ℕ} variable (f : ContinuousOrthonormalStageFrame a d) variable (e : Trivialization a.Model (π a.Model a.Fiber)) [e.IsLinear ℂ] /-- The coefficient map in an ambient chart. -/ def localAnalysis (y : e.baseSet) : a.Model →L[ℂ] EuclideanSpace ℂ (Fin d) := ((frameAnalysis (f.vector y.val)).comp (e.symmL ℂ y.val).toLinearMap).toContinuousLinearMap theorem continuous_localAnalysis : Continuous (f.localAnalysis e) := by apply continuous_clm_apply.mpr intro v have hc : Continuous (fun y : e.baseSet => TotalSpace.mk' a.Model y.val (e.symmL ℂ y.val v)) := by have h := e.continuousOn_symm.comp_continuous (continuous_subtype_val.prodMk continuous_const) (fun y : e.baseSet => show (y.val,v) ∈ e.baseSet ×ˢ Set.univ from ⟨y.property,Set.mem_univ _⟩) exact h.congr (fun y => by simp only [Function.comp_apply,e.symmL_apply y.property]) exact f.continuous_analysis.comp hc theorem localAnalysis_surjective (y : e.baseSet) : Function.Surjective (f.localAnalysis e y) := by intro v refine ⟨e.continuousLinearMapAt ℂ y.val (frameSynthesis (f.vector y.val) v),?_⟩ change frameAnalysis (f.vector y.val) (e.symmL ℂ y.val (e.continuousLinearMapAt ℂ y.val (frameSynthesis (f.vector y.val) v)))=v rw [e.symmL_continuousLinearMapAt y.property,frameAnalysis_synthesis _ (f.orthonormal y.val)] /-- A continuous surjective family on every ambient chart, constructed from an arbitrary continuous orthonormal frame. -/ def localKernelFamily : SmoothKernel.SurjectiveFamily e.baseSet a.Model (EuclideanSpace ℂ (Fin d)) where map := f.localAnalysis e continuous := f.continuous_localAnalysis e surjective := f.localAnalysis_surjective e end section variable {ι : Type*} {K : ι → ℕ} {a : LineStage K} {d : ℕ} variable (f : ContinuousOrthonormalStageFrame a d) /-- The actual complement, with the ambient bundle's subspace topology. -/ abbrev ComplementTotal := {z : TotalSpace a.Model a.Fiber // z.2 ∈ (Submodule.span ℂ (Set.range (f.vector z.proj)))ᗮ} variable (e : Trivialization a.Model (π a.Model a.Fiber)) [e.IsLinear ℂ] abbrev LocalComplementTotal := {z : f.ComplementTotal // z.val.proj ∈ e.baseSet} def complementToLocalKernel (z : f.LocalComplementTotal e) : (f.localKernelFamily e).IncidenceTotal := by refine ⟨(⟨z.val.val.proj,z.property⟩,e.continuousLinearMapAt ℂ z.val.val.proj z.val.val.2),?_⟩ change frameAnalysis (f.vector z.val.val.proj) (e.symmL ℂ z.val.val.proj (e.continuousLinearMapAt ℂ z.val.val.proj z.val.val.2))=0 rw [e.symmL_continuousLinearMapAt z.property] exact (show z.val.val.2 ∈ LinearMap.ker (frameAnalysis (f.vector z.val.val.proj)) from (f.analysis_ker z.val.val.proj).symm ▸ z.val.property) def localKernelToComplement (z : (f.localKernelFamily e).IncidenceTotal) : f.LocalComplementTotal e := by refine ⟨⟨⟨z.val.1.val,e.symmL ℂ z.val.1.val z.val.2⟩,?_⟩,z.val.1.property⟩ rw [← f.analysis_ker] exact z.property theorem continuous_complementToLocalKernel : Continuous (f.complementToLocalKernel e) := by have hp : Continuous (fun z : f.LocalComplementTotal e => z.val.val.proj) := (FiberBundle.continuous_proj _ _).comp (continuous_subtype_val.comp continuous_subtype_val) have he : Continuous (fun z : f.LocalComplementTotal e => e.continuousLinearMapAt ℂ z.val.val.proj z.val.val.2) := by have hc := (e.continuousOn.comp_continuous (continuous_subtype_val.comp continuous_subtype_val) (fun z : f.LocalComplementTotal e => e.mem_source.mpr z.property)).snd exact hc.congr (fun z => (e.continuousLinearMapAt_apply_of_mem ℂ z.property _).symm) exact ((hp.subtype_mk _).prodMk he).subtype_mk _ theorem continuous_localKernelToComplement : Continuous (f.localKernelToComplement e) := by have hp : Continuous (fun z : (f.localKernelFamily e).IncidenceTotal => z.val.1.val) := continuous_subtype_val.comp (continuous_fst.comp continuous_subtype_val) have hv : Continuous (fun z : (f.localKernelFamily e).IncidenceTotal => z.val.2) := continuous_snd.comp continuous_subtype_val have hc := e.continuousOn_symm.comp_continuous (hp.prodMk hv) (fun z : (f.localKernelFamily e).IncidenceTotal => show (z.val.1.val,z.val.2) ∈ e.baseSet ×ˢ Set.univ from ⟨z.val.1.property,Set.mem_univ _⟩) have hs : Continuous (fun z : (f.localKernelFamily e).IncidenceTotal => TotalSpace.mk' a.Model z.val.1.val (e.symmL ℂ z.val.1.val z.val.2)) := hc.congr (fun z => by simp only [Function.comp_apply,e.symmL_apply z.val.1.property]) exact (hs.subtype_mk _).subtype_mk _ /-- A homeomorphism to the genuine kernel incidence set over an ambient chart. Both spaces retain their ambient subspace topologies. -/ def localComplementKernelHomeomorph : f.LocalComplementTotal e ≃ₜ (f.localKernelFamily e).IncidenceTotal where toFun := f.complementToLocalKernel e invFun := f.localKernelToComplement e left_inv z := by apply Subtype.ext apply Subtype.ext obtain ⟨⟨⟨y,v⟩,hv⟩,hy⟩ := z exact congrArg (TotalSpace.mk' a.Model y) (e.symmL_continuousLinearMapAt hy v) right_inv z := by apply Subtype.ext apply Prod.ext · rfl · exact e.continuousLinearMapAt_symmL z.val.1.property z.val.2 continuous_toFun := f.continuous_complementToLocalKernel e continuous_invFun := f.continuous_localKernelToComplement e /-- The local ordinary kernel bundle realizes the exact orthogonal complement, not an independently assigned topology on the same fibers. -/ def localComplementBundleHomeomorph : TotalSpace (SmoothKernel.KernelModel a.Model (EuclideanSpace ℂ (Fin d))) (f.localKernelFamily e).realCore.Fiber ≃ₜ f.LocalComplementTotal e := (f.localKernelFamily e).incidenceHomeomorph.trans (f.localComplementKernelHomeomorph e).symm end section variable {ι : Type*} {K : ι → ℕ} {a : LineStage K} {d : ℕ} variable (f : ContinuousOrthonormalStageFrame a d) abbrev ComplementModel (_ : ContinuousOrthonormalStageFrame a d) := SmoothKernel.KernelModel a.Model (EuclideanSpace ℂ (Fin d)) abbrev ComplementFiber (y : ProjectiveProduct K) := ↥(Submodule.span ℂ (Set.range (f.vector y)))ᗮ def complementTotalEquiv : TotalSpace f.ComplementModel f.ComplementFiber ≃ f.ComplementTotal where toFun z := ⟨⟨z.proj,z.2.val⟩,z.2.property⟩ invFun z := ⟨z.val.proj,⟨z.val.2,z.property⟩⟩ left_inv _ := rfl right_inv _ := rfl instance complementTotalTopology : TopologicalSpace (TotalSpace f.ComplementModel f.ComplementFiber) := TopologicalSpace.induced f.complementTotalEquiv inferInstance def complementTotalHomeomorph : TotalSpace f.ComplementModel f.ComplementFiber ≃ₜ f.ComplementTotal := f.complementTotalEquiv.toHomeomorphOfIsInducing ⟨rfl⟩ def complementInclusion (z : TotalSpace f.ComplementModel f.ComplementFiber) : TotalSpace a.Model a.Fiber := ⟨z.proj,z.2.val⟩ theorem complementInclusion_isInducing : IsInducing f.complementInclusion := IsInducing.subtypeVal.comp f.complementTotalHomeomorph.isInducing theorem complement_totalSpaceMk_isInducing (y : ProjectiveProduct K) : IsInducing (TotalSpace.mk (F := f.ComplementModel) (E := f.ComplementFiber) y) := by have h : IsInducing (fun v : f.ComplementFiber y => TotalSpace.mk' a.Model y v.val) := (FiberBundle.totalSpaceMk_isInducing a.Model a.Fiber y).comp IsInducing.subtypeVal exact (f.complementInclusion_isInducing.of_comp_iff).mp h end section variable {ι : Type*} {K : ι → ℕ} {a : LineStage K} {d : ℕ} variable (f : ContinuousOrthonormalStageFrame a d) variable (e : Trivialization a.Model (π a.Model a.Fiber)) [e.IsLinear ℂ] def complementLocalTriv (i : e.baseSet) : Trivialization f.ComplementModel (fun z : f.LocalComplementTotal e => (⟨z.val.val.proj,z.property⟩ : e.baseSet)) := ((f.localKernelFamily e).realCore.localTriv i).compHomeomorph (f.localComplementBundleHomeomorph e).symm theorem complementLocalTriv_apply (i : e.baseSet) (z : f.LocalComplementTotal e) : (f.complementLocalTriv e i z).2 = (f.localKernelFamily e).toModel i (e.continuousLinearMapAt ℂ z.val.val.proj z.val.val.2) := by exact (f.localKernelFamily e).fromIncidence_chart (f.complementToLocalKernel e z) i /-- Extend the locally constructed kernel chart over its open base into the actual global complement total space. -/ def complementAmbientTriv (i : e.baseSet) : Trivialization f.ComplementModel (fun z : f.ComplementTotal => z.val.proj) := Trivialization.domExtend (e.open_baseSet.preimage ((FiberBundle.continuous_proj _ _).comp continuous_subtype_val)) ((f.complementLocalTriv e i).codExtend e.open_baseSet ⟨i.val,i.property⟩) def complementTriv (i : e.baseSet) : Trivialization f.ComplementModel (π f.ComplementModel f.ComplementFiber) := (f.complementAmbientTriv e i).compHomeomorph f.complementTotalHomeomorph theorem complementTriv_baseSet (i : e.baseSet) : (f.complementTriv e i).baseSet = Subtype.val '' (f.localKernelFamily e).baseSet i := rfl theorem complementTriv_apply (i : e.baseSet) (y : ProjectiveProduct K) (hy : y ∈ e.baseSet) (v : f.ComplementFiber y) : (f.complementTriv e i ⟨y,v⟩).2 = (f.localKernelFamily e).toModel i (e.continuousLinearMapAt ℂ y v.val) := by classical change (((f.complementLocalTriv e i).codExtend e.open_baseSet ⟨i.val,i.property⟩).toPretrivialization.domExtend (f.complementTotalEquiv ⟨y,v⟩)).2 = _ dsimp only [Pretrivialization.domExtend] change (if h : y ∈ e.baseSet then ((f.complementLocalTriv e i).codExtend e.open_baseSet ⟨i.val,i.property⟩) ⟨f.complementTotalEquiv ⟨y,v⟩,h⟩ else _).2 = _ rw [dite_eq_left hy] exact f.complementLocalTriv_apply e i ⟨f.complementTotalEquiv ⟨y,v⟩,hy⟩ instance complementTriv_isLinear (i : e.baseSet) : (f.complementTriv e i).IsLinear ℂ where linear y hy := by rw [f.complementTriv_baseSet] at hy obtain ⟨z,hz,rfl⟩ := hy let L : f.ComplementFiber z.val →ₗ[ℂ] f.ComplementModel := ((f.localKernelFamily e).toModel i).toLinearMap.comp ((e.continuousLinearMapAt ℂ z.val).toLinearMap.comp (Submodule.subtype _)) have he : (fun v : f.ComplementFiber z.val => (f.complementTriv e i ⟨z.val,v⟩).2)=L := by funext v exact f.complementTriv_apply e i z.val z.property v rw [he] exact L.isLinear end variable {ι : Type*} {K : ι → ℕ} {a : LineStage K} {d : ℕ} variable (f : ContinuousOrthonormalStageFrame a d) def complementTrivializationAt (y : ProjectiveProduct K) : Trivialization f.ComplementModel (π f.ComplementModel f.ComplementFiber) := f.complementTriv (trivializationAt a.Model a.Fiber y) ⟨y,mem_baseSet_trivializationAt a.Model a.Fiber y⟩ theorem mem_complementTrivializationAt (y : ProjectiveProduct K) : y ∈ (f.complementTrivializationAt y).baseSet := by rw [complementTrivializationAt,f.complementTriv_baseSet] exact ⟨_,(f.localKernelFamily (trivializationAt a.Model a.Fiber y)).center_mem _,rfl⟩ instance complementFiberBundle : FiberBundle f.ComplementModel f.ComplementFiber where totalSpaceMk_isInducing' := f.complement_totalSpaceMk_isInducing trivializationAtlas' := Set.range f.complementTrivializationAt trivializationAt' := f.complementTrivializationAt mem_baseSet_trivializationAt' := f.mem_complementTrivializationAt trivialization_mem_atlas' y := ⟨y,rfl⟩ instance complementTrivializationAt_isLinear (y : ProjectiveProduct K) : (f.complementTrivializationAt y).IsLinear ℂ := by unfold complementTrivializationAt infer_instance theorem continuousOn_complement_coordChange (e e' : Trivialization f.ComplementModel (π f.ComplementModel f.ComplementFiber)) [e.IsLinear ℂ] [e'.IsLinear ℂ] : ContinuousOn (fun y => (e.coordChangeL ℂ e' y : f.ComplementModel →L[ℂ] f.ComplementModel)) (e.baseSet ∩ e'.baseSet) := by apply continuousOn_clm_apply.mpr intro v have hi : ContinuousOn (fun y : ProjectiveProduct K => TotalSpace.mk' f.ComplementModel y (e.symm y v)) (e.baseSet ∩ e'.baseSet) := e.continuousOn_symm.comp (continuousOn_id.prodMk continuousOn_const) (fun y hy => ⟨hy.1,Set.mem_univ _⟩) have hc := (e'.continuousOn.comp hi (fun y hy => e'.mem_source.mpr hy.2)).snd exact hc.congr (fun y hy => e.coordChangeL_apply e' hy v) /-- The full orthogonal complement is an ordinary complex vector bundle, with charts constructed from the frame and the inherited ambient topology. -/ instance complementVectorBundle : VectorBundle ℂ f.ComplementModel f.ComplementFiber where trivialization_linear' := by rintro _ ⟨y,rfl⟩ exact f.complementTrivializationAt_isLinear y continuousOn_coordChange' := by rintro _ _ ⟨y,rfl⟩ ⟨z,rfl⟩ exact f.continuousOn_complement_coordChange _ _ theorem complementBundle_rank (y : ProjectiveProduct K) : Module.finrank ℂ (f.ComplementFiber y) = Fintype.card a.Slot-d := by change Module.finrank ℂ (Submodule.span ℂ (Set.range (f.vector y)))ᗮ = _ have h := f.complement_finrank y omega end ContinuousOrthonormalStageFrame end Kaplansky end open Bundle Topology namespace Kaplansky open ComplexGrassmann namespace ContinuousOrthonormalStageFrame variable {ι : Type*} {K : ι → ℕ} {a : LineStage K} {d : ℕ} variable (f : ContinuousOrthonormalStageFrame a d) theorem analysis_complement (y : ProjectiveProduct K) (v : f.ComplementFiber y) : frameAnalysis (f.vector y) v.val=0 := by change v.val ∈ LinearMap.ker (frameAnalysis (f.vector y)) rw [f.analysis_ker] exact v.property theorem projection_synthesis (y : ProjectiveProduct K) (v : EuclideanSpace ℂ (Fin d)) : f.projection y (frameSynthesis (f.vector y) v)=frameSynthesis (f.vector y) v := by change frameSynthesis (f.vector y) (frameAnalysis (f.vector y) (frameSynthesis (f.vector y) v))=_ rw [frameAnalysis_synthesis _ (f.orthonormal y)] /-- The actual fiber decomposition into the full orthogonal complement and the trivial frame summand. No alignment with the original line summands. -/ def complementSplitLinearEquiv (y : ProjectiveProduct K) : (f.ComplementFiber y × EuclideanSpace ℂ (Fin d)) ≃ₗ[ℂ] a.Fiber y where toFun v := v.1.val+frameSynthesis (f.vector y) v.2 invFun v := (⟨f.complementProjection y v,f.complementProjection_mem y v⟩,frameAnalysis (f.vector y) v) left_inv v := by apply Prod.ext · apply Subtype.ext change (v.1.val+frameSynthesis (f.vector y) v.2) - f.projection y (v.1.val+frameSynthesis (f.vector y) v.2)=v.1.val rw [map_add,f.projection_eq_zero_of_orthogonal y v.1.val v.1.property,f.projection_synthesis] simp · change frameAnalysis (f.vector y) (v.1.val+frameSynthesis (f.vector y) v.2)=v.2 rw [map_add,f.analysis_complement,frameAnalysis_synthesis _ (f.orthonormal y),zero_add] right_inv v := by change v-f.projection y v+f.projection y v=v exact sub_add_cancel _ _ map_add' v w := by change v.1.val+w.1.val+frameSynthesis (f.vector y) (v.2+w.2)=_ rw [map_add] abel map_smul' c v := by change c • v.1.val+frameSynthesis (f.vector y) (c • v.2)=_ exact (congrArg (fun w => c • v.1.val + w) ((frameSynthesis (f.vector y)).map_smul c v.2)).trans (smul_add c v.1.val (frameSynthesis (f.vector y) v.2)).symm abbrev ComplementSplitTotal := TotalSpace f.ComplementModel f.ComplementFiber × EuclideanSpace ℂ (Fin d) def complementAssemble (z : f.ComplementSplitTotal) : TotalSpace a.Model a.Fiber := ⟨z.1.proj,f.complementSplitLinearEquiv z.1.proj (z.1.2,z.2)⟩ def complementDisassemble (z : TotalSpace a.Model a.Fiber) : f.ComplementSplitTotal := (⟨z.proj,(f.complementSplitLinearEquiv z.proj).symm z.2 |>.1⟩, (f.complementSplitLinearEquiv z.proj).symm z.2 |>.2) theorem continuous_complementAssemble : Continuous f.complementAssemble := by have hv : Continuous (fun z : f.ComplementSplitTotal => TotalSpace.mk' a.Model z.1.proj z.1.2.val) := f.complementInclusion_isInducing.continuous.comp continuous_fst have hp : Continuous (fun z : f.ComplementSplitTotal => z.1.proj) := (FiberBundle.continuous_proj _ _).comp continuous_fst have hw : Continuous (fun z : f.ComplementSplitTotal => TotalSpace.mk' a.Model z.1.proj (frameSynthesis (f.vector z.1.proj) z.2)) := f.continuous_synthesis.comp (hp.prodMk continuous_snd) apply continuous_iff_continuousAt.mpr intro z rw [FiberBundle.continuousAt_totalSpace] refine ⟨hp.continuousAt,?_⟩ have hvc := (FiberBundle.continuousAt_totalSpace a.Model _ (x₀ := z)).mp hv.continuousAt |>.2 have hwc := (FiberBundle.continuousAt_totalSpace a.Model _ (x₀ := z)).mp hw.continuousAt |>.2 apply (hvc.add hwc).congr_of_eventuallyEq let e := trivializationAt a.Model a.Fiber z.1.proj have hn := hp.continuousAt (e.open_baseSet.mem_nhds (mem_baseSet_trivializationAt a.Model a.Fiber z.1.proj)) filter_upwards [hn] with w hw exact (e.linear ℂ hw).map_add w.1.2.val (frameSynthesis (f.vector w.1.proj) w.2) theorem continuous_complementDisassemble : Continuous f.complementDisassemble := by have hc : Continuous (fun z : TotalSpace a.Model a.Fiber => (⟨z.proj,⟨f.complementProjection z.proj z.2,f.complementProjection_mem z.proj z.2⟩⟩ : TotalSpace f.ComplementModel f.ComplementFiber)) := f.complementInclusion_isInducing.continuous_iff.mpr f.continuous_complementProjection exact hc.prodMk f.continuous_analysis /-- Global topological splitting of the actual bundle. The first factor is the constructed complement vector bundle and the other factor is trivial. -/ def complementSplitHomeomorph : f.ComplementSplitTotal ≃ₜ TotalSpace a.Model a.Fiber where toFun := f.complementAssemble invFun := f.complementDisassemble left_inv z := by obtain ⟨⟨y,v⟩,w⟩ := z have h := (f.complementSplitLinearEquiv y).symm_apply_apply (v,w) change ((⟨y,((f.complementSplitLinearEquiv y).symm (f.complementSplitLinearEquiv y (v,w))).1⟩ : TotalSpace f.ComplementModel f.ComplementFiber), ((f.complementSplitLinearEquiv y).symm (f.complementSplitLinearEquiv y (v,w))).2)=((⟨y,v⟩ : TotalSpace f.ComplementModel f.ComplementFiber),w) rw [h] right_inv z := by obtain ⟨y,v⟩ := z exact congrArg (TotalSpace.mk' a.Model y) ((f.complementSplitLinearEquiv y).apply_symm_apply v) continuous_toFun := f.continuous_complementAssemble continuous_invFun := f.continuous_complementDisassemble @[simp] theorem complementSplitHomeomorph_base (z : f.ComplementSplitTotal) : (f.complementSplitHomeomorph z).proj=z.1.proj := rfl end ContinuousOrthonormalStageFrame end Kaplansky end end OAI