import OAI.Geometry.ComplexBundle.ProjectionBundle import OAI.Geometry.ComplexBundle.Projective import OAI.Geometry.ComplexBundle.Pullback namespace OAI noncomputable section /-! Hyperplane sections, dual evaluation, graph coordinates, and their zero. -/ section open Bundle Topology open scoped InnerProductSpace namespace Kaplansky variable {d : ℕ} /-- Restrict an ambient linear functional to each actual tautological line, viewed as a section of its dual, the hyperplane bundle. -/ def hyperplaneFunctionalSection (L : EuclideanSpace ℂ (Fin d) →ₗ[ℂ] ℂ) (p : projectionSpace d 1) : (projectionDualLineCore d).Fiber p := L (unitProjectionColumn p ((projectionLineCore d).indexAt p)) theorem hyperplaneFunctionalSection_chart (L : EuclideanSpace ℂ (Fin d) →ₗ[ℂ] ℂ) (p : projectionSpace d 1) (i : Fin d) (hi : p ∈ projectionChartSet i) : ((projectionDualLineCore d).localTriv i ⟨p,hyperplaneFunctionalSection L p⟩).2 = L (unitProjectionColumn p i) := by let j := (projectionLineCore d).indexAt p have hj : p ∈ projectionChartSet j := (projectionLineCore d).mem_baseSet_at p have hv := unitProjectionColumn_reconstruct p i hi (unitProjectionColumn p j) (unitProjectionColumn_mem p j) have he : L (unitProjectionColumn p j) = projectionLineTransition j i p * L (unitProjectionColumn p i) := by rw [← hv,map_smul] rfl change star (projectionLineTransition j i p) * L (unitProjectionColumn p j) = _ rw [he,← mul_assoc,projectionLineTransition_unitary j i p hj hi,one_mul] theorem continuous_hyperplaneFunctionalSection (L : EuclideanSpace ℂ (Fin d) →ₗ[ℂ] ℂ) : Continuous (fun p => TotalSpace.mk' ℂ p (hyperplaneFunctionalSection L p)) := by apply continuous_iff_continuousAt.mpr intro p rw [FiberBundle.continuousAt_section] let i := (projectionLineCore d).indexAt p have hi : p ∈ projectionChartSet i := (projectionLineCore d).mem_baseSet_at p have hc := L.toContinuousLinearMap.continuous.continuousAt.comp ((continuousOn_unitProjectionColumn i p hi).continuousAt ((isOpen_projectionChartSet i).mem_nhds hi)) apply hc.congr_of_eventuallyEq filter_upwards [(isOpen_projectionChartSet i).mem_nhds hi] with q hq exact hyperplaneFunctionalSection_chart L q i hq /-- The section's actual dual-line realization is exactly restriction of L. -/ theorem hyperplaneFunctionalSection_realization (L : EuclideanSpace ℂ (Fin d) →ₗ[ℂ] ℂ) (p : projectionSpace d 1) (v : projectionLine p) : projectionDualLineFiberEquiv p (hyperplaneFunctionalSection L p) v = L v.val := by let i := (projectionLineCore d).indexAt p have hi : p ∈ projectionChartSet i := (projectionLineCore d).mem_baseSet_at p change L (unitProjectionColumn p i) * inner ℂ (unitProjectionColumn p i) v.val = L v.val conv_rhs => rw [← unitProjectionColumn_reconstruct p i hi v.val v.property,map_smul] exact mul_comm _ _ theorem hyperplaneFunctionalSection_eq_zero_iff (L : EuclideanSpace ℂ (Fin d) →ₗ[ℂ] ℂ) (p : projectionSpace d 1) : hyperplaneFunctionalSection L p=0 ↔ ∀ v ∈ projectionLine p, L v=0 := by constructor · intro h v hv have he := hyperplaneFunctionalSection_realization L p ⟨v,hv⟩ rw [h,map_zero,LinearMap.zero_apply] at he exact he.symm · intro h exact h _ (unitProjectionColumn_mem p _) def coordinateFunctional (i : Fin d) : EuclideanSpace ℂ (Fin d) →ₗ[ℂ] ℂ := (LinearMap.proj i).comp (EuclideanSpace.equiv (Fin d) ℂ).toLinearEquiv.toLinearMap @[simp] theorem coordinateFunctional_apply (i : Fin d) (v : EuclideanSpace ℂ (Fin d)) : coordinateFunctional i v=v i := rfl end Kaplansky end section open Bundle Topology namespace Kaplansky def positiveCoordinate (k : ℕ) (i : Fin k) : Fin (1+k) := ⟨i.val+1,by omega⟩ def firstCoordinateVector (k : ℕ) : EuclideanSpace ℂ (Fin (1+k)) := WithLp.toLp 2 (Pi.single 0 (1 : ℂ)) theorem firstCoordinateVector_ne_zero (k : ℕ) : firstCoordinateVector k≠0 := by intro h have he := congrArg (fun v : EuclideanSpace ℂ (Fin (1+k)) => v 0) h simp [firstCoordinateVector] at he def firstCoordinateProjection (k : ℕ) : projectionSpace (1+k) 1 := nonzeroVectorProjection (firstCoordinateVector k) (firstCoordinateVector_ne_zero k) theorem firstCoordinateProjection_line (k : ℕ) : projectionLine (firstCoordinateProjection k)=Submodule.span ℂ {firstCoordinateVector k} := nonzeroVectorProjection_line _ _ theorem vector_eq_firstCoordinate_of_positive_zero {k : ℕ} (v : EuclideanSpace ℂ (Fin (1+k))) (hv : ∀ i : Fin k, v (positiveCoordinate k i)=0) : v=(v 0) • firstCoordinateVector k := by ext j by_cases hj : j=0 · subst j simp [firstCoordinateVector] · have hpos : 0 hj (Fin.ext h) omega let i : Fin k := ⟨j.val-1,by omega⟩ have hi : positiveCoordinate k i=j := Fin.ext (by dsimp [positiveCoordinate,i]; omega) have hzero := hv i rw [hi] at hzero simp [firstCoordinateVector,hj,hzero] /-- The K coordinate sections of O(1) on CP^K have exactly one common zero, the first coordinate line. This is an actual zero-set statement, not yet an identification or nonvanishing theorem for the top Chern class. -/ theorem hyperplaneCoordinateSections_common_zero {k : ℕ} (p : projectionSpace (1+k) 1) : (∀ i : Fin k, hyperplaneFunctionalSection (coordinateFunctional (positiveCoordinate k i)) p=0) ↔ p=firstCoordinateProjection k := by constructor · intro h have hle : projectionLine p ≤ Submodule.span ℂ {firstCoordinateVector k} := by intro v hv have hz (i : Fin k) : v (positiveCoordinate k i)=0 := (hyperplaneFunctionalSection_eq_zero_iff _ p).mp (h i) v hv rw [vector_eq_firstCoordinate_of_positive_zero v hz] exact Submodule.smul_mem _ _ (Submodule.subset_span (Set.mem_singleton _)) apply projectionLine_injective rw [firstCoordinateProjection_line] apply Submodule.eq_of_le_of_finrank_eq hle rw [projectionLine_finrank,finrank_span_singleton (firstCoordinateVector_ne_zero k)] · rintro rfl i rw [hyperplaneFunctionalSection_eq_zero_iff,firstCoordinateProjection_line] intro v hv obtain ⟨c,rfl⟩ := Submodule.mem_span_singleton.mp hv have hi : positiveCoordinate k i≠0 := by intro h have := congrArg Fin.val h simp [positiveCoordinate] at this simp [coordinateFunctional_apply,firstCoordinateVector,hi] end Kaplansky open Bundle Topology open scoped InnerProductSpace namespace Kaplansky variable {d : ℕ} /-- Evaluation at any nonzero vector is a genuine coordinate on the dual of its one-dimensional line. -/ def hyperplaneEvaluationEquiv (p : projectionSpace d 1) (v : projectionLine p) (hv : v≠0) : (projectionDualLineCore d).Fiber p ≃ₗ[ℂ] ℂ := by let c : ℂ := (projectionLineFiberEquiv p).symm v have hc : c≠0 := by intro h apply hv exact (projectionLineFiberEquiv p).symm.injective (h.trans (map_zero _).symm) exact { toFun := fun z => (show ℂ from z)*c invFun := fun z => (show (projectionDualLineCore d).Fiber p from z/c) left_inv := fun z => mul_div_cancel_right₀ (show ℂ from z) hc right_inv := fun z => div_mul_cancel₀ z hc map_add' := fun z w => add_mul (show ℂ from z) (show ℂ from w) c map_smul' := fun t z => by change (t*(show ℂ from z))*c=t*((show ℂ from z)*c); ring } @[simp] theorem hyperplaneEvaluationEquiv_apply (p : projectionSpace d 1) (v : projectionLine p) (hv : v≠0) (z : (projectionDualLineCore d).Fiber p) : hyperplaneEvaluationEquiv p v hv z = projectionDualLineFiberEquiv p z v := rfl /-- In every chart the actual pairing is chart coefficient times the coordinate of v in the unit local line frame. -/ theorem hyperplaneEvaluation_chart (p : projectionSpace d 1) (v : projectionLine p) (z : (projectionDualLineCore d).Fiber p) (i : Fin d) (hi : p ∈ projectionChartSet i) : projectionDualLineFiberEquiv p z v = ((projectionDualLineCore d).localTriv i ⟨p,z⟩).2 * inner ℂ (unitProjectionColumn p i) v.val := by let w := (projectionLineFiberEquiv p).symm v have h := projectionDualLine_pairing_chart p z w i hi have hw : ((projectionLineCore d).localTriv i ⟨p,w⟩).2 = inner ℂ (unitProjectionColumn p i) v.val := by have he := projectionLine_realization_chart p w i hi rw [LinearEquiv.apply_symm_apply] at he have hh := congrArg (inner ℂ (unitProjectionColumn p i)) he rw [inner_smul_right,inner_self_eq_norm_sq_to_K,unitProjectionColumn_norm p i hi] at hh simpa using hh.symm rw [hw] at h exact h.symm /-- Pairing is continuous for actual continuously varying dual fibers and line vectors. The line-membership premise only identifies its genuine domain. -/ theorem continuous_hyperplaneEvaluation {X : Type*} [TopologicalSpace X] (p : X → projectionSpace d 1) (hp : Continuous p) (v : X → EuclideanSpace ℂ (Fin d)) (hvm : ∀ x, v x ∈ projectionLine (p x)) (hv : Continuous v) (z : ∀ x, (projectionDualLineCore d).Fiber (p x)) (hz : Continuous (fun x => TotalSpace.mk' ℂ (p x) (z x))) : Continuous (fun x => projectionDualLineFiberEquiv (p x) (z x) ⟨v x,hvm x⟩) := by apply continuous_iff_continuousAt.mpr intro x let i := (projectionLineCore d).indexAt (p x) have hi : p x ∈ projectionChartSet i := (projectionLineCore d).mem_baseSet_at (p x) have hc := (FiberBundle.continuousAt_totalSpace ℂ _ (x₀ := x)).mp hz.continuousAt |>.2 have hu := ((continuousOn_unitProjectionColumn i (p x) hi).continuousAt ((isOpen_projectionChartSet i).mem_nhds hi)).comp hp.continuousAt apply (hc.mul (hu.inner hv.continuousAt)).congr_of_eventuallyEq filter_upwards [hp.continuousAt ((isOpen_projectionChartSet i).mem_nhds hi)] with y hy exact hyperplaneEvaluation_chart (p y) ⟨v y,hvm y⟩ (z y) i hy end Kaplansky end section open Bundle Topology open scoped InnerProductSpace namespace Kaplansky variable {X : Type*} [TopologicalSpace X] {d : ℕ} variable (p : C(X,projectionSpace d 1)) (v : X → EuclideanSpace ℂ (Fin d)) variable (hvm : ∀ x, v x ∈ projectionLine (p x)) (hvn : ∀ x, v x≠0) abbrev evaluationPullbackCore := pullbackLineCore (projectionDualLineCore d) p def pullbackEvaluationEquiv (x : X) : (evaluationPullbackCore p).Fiber x ≃ₗ[ℂ] ℂ := hyperplaneEvaluationEquiv (p x) ⟨v x,hvm x⟩ (fun h => hvn x (congrArg Subtype.val h)) include hvm hvn in theorem evaluation_inner_ne_zero (x : X) (i : Fin d) (hi : p x ∈ projectionChartSet i) : inner ℂ (unitProjectionColumn (p x) i) (v x)≠0 := by intro h have he := unitProjectionColumn_reconstruct (p x) i hi (v x) (hvm x) rw [h,zero_smul] at he exact hvn x he.symm theorem pullbackEvaluation_inverse_chart (x : X) (c : ℂ) (i : Fin d) (hi : p x ∈ projectionChartSet i) : ((evaluationPullbackCore p).localTriv i ⟨x,(pullbackEvaluationEquiv p v hvm hvn x).symm c⟩).2 = c / inner ℂ (unitProjectionColumn (p x) i) (v x) := by apply (eq_div_iff (evaluation_inner_ne_zero p v hvm hvn x i hi)).mpr change ((projectionDualLineCore d).localTriv i ⟨p x,(pullbackEvaluationEquiv p v hvm hvn x).symm c⟩).2 * inner ℂ (unitProjectionColumn (p x) i) (v x)=c exact (hyperplaneEvaluation_chart (p x) ⟨v x,hvm x⟩ ((pullbackEvaluationEquiv p v hvm hvn x).symm c) i hi).symm.trans ((pullbackEvaluationEquiv p v hvm hvn x).apply_symm_apply c) theorem continuous_evaluationPullback_toOriginal : Continuous (fun z : TotalSpace ℂ (evaluationPullbackCore p).Fiber => TotalSpace.mk' ℂ (p z.proj) (show (projectionDualLineCore d).Fiber (p z.proj) from z.2)) := by apply continuous_iff_continuousAt.mpr intro z rw [FiberBundle.continuousAt_totalSpace] refine ⟨(p.continuous.comp (FiberBundle.continuous_proj _ _)).continuousAt,?_⟩ exact ((FiberBundle.continuousAt_totalSpace ℂ _ (x₀ := z)).mp (continuous_id (X := TotalSpace ℂ (evaluationPullbackCore p).Fiber)).continuousAt).2 variable (hv : Continuous v) /-- Evaluation at a nonvanishing continuous line vector trivializes the actual pullback hyperplane bundle, with its ordinary bundle topology. -/ def hyperplaneEvaluationHomeomorph : TotalSpace ℂ (evaluationPullbackCore p).Fiber ≃ₜ X × ℂ where toFun z := (z.proj,pullbackEvaluationEquiv p v hvm hvn z.proj z.2) invFun z := ⟨z.1,(pullbackEvaluationEquiv p v hvm hvn z.1).symm z.2⟩ left_inv z := by obtain ⟨x,c⟩ := z exact congrArg (TotalSpace.mk' ℂ x) ((pullbackEvaluationEquiv p v hvm hvn x).symm_apply_apply c) right_inv z := Prod.ext rfl ((pullbackEvaluationEquiv p v hvm hvn z.1).apply_symm_apply z.2) continuous_toFun := by have hp := FiberBundle.continuous_proj ℂ (evaluationPullbackCore p).Fiber exact hp.prodMk (continuous_hyperplaneEvaluation (fun z : TotalSpace ℂ (evaluationPullbackCore p).Fiber => p z.proj) (p.continuous.comp hp) (fun z => v z.proj) (fun z => hvm z.proj) (hv.comp hp) (fun z : TotalSpace ℂ (evaluationPullbackCore p).Fiber => (show (projectionDualLineCore d).Fiber (p z.proj) from z.2)) (continuous_evaluationPullback_toOriginal p)) continuous_invFun := by apply continuous_iff_continuousAt.mpr intro z rw [FiberBundle.continuousAt_totalSpace] refine ⟨continuous_fst.continuousAt,?_⟩ let i := (projectionLineCore d).indexAt (p z.1) have hi : p z.1 ∈ projectionChartSet i := (projectionLineCore d).mem_baseSet_at (p z.1) have hu : ContinuousAt (fun w : X × ℂ => unitProjectionColumn (p w.1) i) z := ((continuousOn_unitProjectionColumn i (p z.1) hi).continuousAt ((isOpen_projectionChartSet i).mem_nhds hi)).comp p.continuous.continuousAt |>.comp continuous_fst.continuousAt have hc : ContinuousAt (fun w : X × ℂ => w.2 / inner ℂ (unitProjectionColumn (p w.1) i) (v w.1)) z := continuous_snd.continuousAt.div (hu.inner (hv.comp continuous_fst).continuousAt) (evaluation_inner_ne_zero p v hvm hvn z.1 i hi) apply hc.congr_of_eventuallyEq filter_upwards [(p.continuous.comp continuous_fst).continuousAt ((isOpen_projectionChartSet i).mem_nhds hi)] with w hw exact pullbackEvaluation_inverse_chart p v hvm hvn w.1 w.2 i hw @[simp] theorem hyperplaneEvaluationHomeomorph_base (z : TotalSpace ℂ (evaluationPullbackCore p).Fiber) : (hyperplaneEvaluationHomeomorph p v hvm hvn hv z).1=z.proj := rfl end Kaplansky end section open Bundle Topology namespace Kaplansky.ComplexGrassmann variable {k : ℕ} def graphVerticalFunctional (F : GraphFrame 1 k) (j : Fin k) : EuclideanSpace ℂ (Fin (1+k)) →ₗ[ℂ] ℂ := (LinearMap.proj j).comp ((LinearMap.snd ℂ (GraphHorizontal 1) (GraphVertical k)).comp (F.toLinearMap.comp (EuclideanSpace.equiv (Fin (1+k)) ℂ).toLinearEquiv.toLinearMap)) theorem graphVerticalFunctional_vector (F : GraphFrame 1 k) (A : GraphSlope 1 k) (j : Fin k) : graphVerticalFunctional F j (graphLineVector F A)=A (fun _ => 1) j := by change (F ((EuclideanSpace.equiv (Fin (1+k)) ℂ) (graphLineVector F A))).2 j=_ rw [graphLineVector_coordinates,LinearEquiv.apply_symm_apply] def graphHyperplaneBase (F : GraphFrame 1 k) : C(GraphSlope 1 k,projectionSpace (1+k) 1) := ⟨graphLineProjection F,continuous_graphLineProjection F⟩ theorem graphLineVector_mem (F : GraphFrame 1 k) (A : GraphSlope 1 k) : graphLineVector F A ∈ projectionLine (graphLineProjection F A) := by rw [graphLineProjection,nonzeroVectorProjection_line] exact Submodule.subset_span (Set.mem_singleton _) /-- Genuine bundle coordinates obtained by evaluating a dual-line vector on the nonvanishing graph representative. -/ def graphHyperplaneTrivialization (F : GraphFrame 1 k) : TotalSpace ℂ (evaluationPullbackCore (graphHyperplaneBase F)).Fiber ≃ₜ GraphSlope 1 k × ℂ := hyperplaneEvaluationHomeomorph (graphHyperplaneBase F) (graphLineVector F) (graphLineVector_mem F) (graphLineVector_ne_zero F) (continuous_graphLineVector F) /-- The actual K hyperplane sections, expressed in the genuine evaluation trivialization over a projective graph chart. -/ def graphHyperplaneSectionCoordinates (F : GraphFrame 1 k) (A : GraphSlope 1 k) : GraphVertical k := fun j => (graphHyperplaneTrivialization F ⟨A,hyperplaneFunctionalSection (graphVerticalFunctional F j) (graphLineProjection F A)⟩).2 theorem graphHyperplaneSectionCoordinates_eq (F : GraphFrame 1 k) (A : GraphSlope 1 k) : graphHyperplaneSectionCoordinates F A=A (fun _ => 1) := by funext j change projectionDualLineFiberEquiv (graphLineProjection F A) (hyperplaneFunctionalSection (graphVerticalFunctional F j) (graphLineProjection F A)) ⟨graphLineVector F A,graphLineVector_mem F A⟩ = _ rw [hyperplaneFunctionalSection_realization,graphVerticalFunctional_vector] def slopeEvaluationOneEquiv (k : ℕ) : GraphSlope 1 k ≃L[ℂ] GraphVertical k := LinearEquiv.toContinuousLinearEquiv { toFun := fun A => A (fun _ => 1) invFun := fun z => (ContinuousLinearMap.proj (0 : Fin 1)).smulRight z left_inv := by intro A apply ContinuousLinearMap.ext intro v have hv : v=v 0 • (fun _ : Fin 1 => (1 : ℂ)) := by funext i have hi : i=0 := Subsingleton.elim _ _ simp [hi] change v 0 • A (fun _ => 1)=A v rw [← map_smul,← hv] right_inv := by intro z; simp map_add' := by intro A B; rfl map_smul' := by intro c A; rfl } /-- In these actual local bundle coordinates, the derivative at the sole zero is a complex-linear isomorphism. This supplies regular-zero data; its Euler/Chern interpretation remains a separate topological theorem. -/ theorem graphHyperplaneSectionCoordinates_hasFDerivAt (F : GraphFrame 1 k) (A : GraphSlope 1 k) : HasFDerivAt (graphHyperplaneSectionCoordinates F) (slopeEvaluationOneEquiv k).toContinuousLinearMap A := by have he : graphHyperplaneSectionCoordinates F=slopeEvaluationOneEquiv k := funext (graphHyperplaneSectionCoordinates_eq F) rw [he] exact (slopeEvaluationOneEquiv k).toContinuousLinearMap.hasFDerivAt theorem graphHyperplaneSectionCoordinates_zero_iff (F : GraphFrame 1 k) (A : GraphSlope 1 k) : graphHyperplaneSectionCoordinates F A=0 ↔ A=0 := by rw [graphHyperplaneSectionCoordinates_eq] exact (slopeEvaluationOneEquiv k).map_eq_zero_iff end Kaplansky.ComplexGrassmann namespace Kaplansky variable {A S : Type} [TopologicalSpace A] [Fintype S] {d : S → ℕ} (p : ∀ s, C(A,projectionSpace (d s) 1)) (v : ∀ s, A → EuclideanSpace ℂ (Fin (d s))) (hm : ∀ s a, v s a ∈ projectionLine (p s a)) (hn : ∀ s a, v s a ≠ 0) (hc : ∀ s, Continuous (v s)) def finiteLineEvaluationEquiv (a : A) : (finiteLineSumCore (fun s => evaluationPullbackCore (p s))).Fiber a ≃ₗ[ℂ] (S → ℂ) := (EuclideanSpace.equiv S ℂ).toLinearEquiv.trans (LinearEquiv.piCongrRight (fun s => pullbackEvaluationEquiv (p s) (v s) (hm s) (hn s) a)) /-- Simultaneous evaluation trivializes the actual finite sum of dual lines, with the original finite-sum topology and linear fibers. -/ def finiteLineEvaluationHomeomorph : TotalSpace (EuclideanSpace ℂ S) (finiteLineSumCore (fun s => evaluationPullbackCore (p s))).Fiber ≃ₜ A × (S → ℂ) where toFun z := (z.proj,finiteLineEvaluationEquiv p v hm hn z.proj z.2) invFun z := ⟨z.1,(finiteLineEvaluationEquiv p v hm hn z.1).symm z.2⟩ left_inv z := by obtain ⟨a,w⟩ := z exact congrArg (TotalSpace.mk' _ a) ((finiteLineEvaluationEquiv p v hm hn a).symm_apply_apply w) right_inv z := Prod.ext rfl ((finiteLineEvaluationEquiv p v hm hn z.1).apply_symm_apply z.2) continuous_toFun := by apply (FiberBundle.continuous_proj _ _).prodMk apply continuous_pi intro s exact continuous_snd.comp ((hyperplaneEvaluationHomeomorph (p s) (v s) (hm s) (hn s) (hc s)).continuous.comp (continuous_finiteLineSumComponent (fun s => evaluationPullbackCore (p s)) s)) continuous_invFun := by apply (continuous_finiteLineSum_iff _ _).mpr refine ⟨continuous_fst, fun s => ?_⟩ exact (hyperplaneEvaluationHomeomorph (p s) (v s) (hm s) (hn s) (hc s)).symm.continuous.comp (continuous_fst.prodMk ((continuous_apply s).comp continuous_snd)) theorem finiteLineEvaluationHomeomorph_base (z : TotalSpace (EuclideanSpace ℂ S) (finiteLineSumCore (fun s => evaluationPullbackCore (p s))).Fiber) : (finiteLineEvaluationHomeomorph p v hm hn hc z).1 = z.proj := rfl theorem finiteLineEvaluationHomeomorph_zero_iff (z : TotalSpace (EuclideanSpace ℂ S) (finiteLineSumCore (fun s => evaluationPullbackCore (p s))).Fiber) : (finiteLineEvaluationHomeomorph p v hm hn hc z).2 = 0 ↔ z.2 = 0 := (finiteLineEvaluationEquiv p v hm hn z.proj).map_eq_zero_iff end Kaplansky end open Bundle Topology namespace Kaplansky.ComplexGrassmann def standardLineGraphFrame (k : ℕ) : GraphFrame 1 k := (LinearEquiv.piCongrLeft' ℂ (fun _ : Fin (1+k) => ℂ) finSumFinEquiv.symm).trans (LinearEquiv.sumArrowLequivProdArrow (Fin 1) (Fin k) ℂ ℂ) @[simp] theorem standardLineGraphFrame_vertical (k : ℕ) (v : Components 1 k) (i : Fin k) : (standardLineGraphFrame k v).2 i=v (positiveCoordinate k i) := by change v (Fin.natAdd 1 i)=v (positiveCoordinate k i) congr 1 apply Fin.ext simp [positiveCoordinate,Nat.add_comm] @[simp] theorem standardLineGraphFrame_horizontal (k : ℕ) (v : Components 1 k) (i : Fin 1) : (standardLineGraphFrame k v).1 i=v 0 := by have hi : i=0 := Subsingleton.elim _ _ subst i rfl theorem standard_verticalFunctional (k : ℕ) (i : Fin k) : graphVerticalFunctional (standardLineGraphFrame k) i=coordinateFunctional (positiveCoordinate k i) := by apply LinearMap.ext intro v exact standardLineGraphFrame_vertical k _ i theorem standard_graphVector_zero (k : ℕ) : graphLineVector (standardLineGraphFrame k) 0=firstCoordinateVector k := by apply (EuclideanSpace.equiv (Fin (1+k)) ℂ).injective apply (standardLineGraphFrame k).injective rw [graphLineVector_coordinates,LinearEquiv.apply_symm_apply] apply Prod.ext · funext i simp [firstCoordinateVector] · funext i have hi : positiveCoordinate k i≠0 := by intro h have := congrArg Fin.val h simp [positiveCoordinate] at this simp [firstCoordinateVector,hi] /-- The graph-chart origin is exactly the unique zero previously identified in the canonical coordinate sections of the actual hyperplane bundle. -/ theorem standard_graphProjection_zero (k : ℕ) : graphLineProjection (standardLineGraphFrame k) 0=firstCoordinateProjection k := by apply projectionLine_injective rw [graphLineProjection,nonzeroVectorProjection_line,standard_graphVector_zero,firstCoordinateProjection_line] /-- The canonical sections used in the global zero-set theorem, expressed in a genuine bundle trivialization, have an invertible complex derivative. -/ theorem canonical_hyperplaneSections_regular (k : ℕ) : HasFDerivAt (fun A : GraphSlope 1 k => fun i : Fin k => (graphHyperplaneTrivialization (standardLineGraphFrame k) ⟨A,hyperplaneFunctionalSection (coordinateFunctional (positiveCoordinate k i)) (graphLineProjection (standardLineGraphFrame k) A)⟩).2) (slopeEvaluationOneEquiv k).toContinuousLinearMap 0 ∧ Function.Bijective (slopeEvaluationOneEquiv k) := by refine ⟨?_,(slopeEvaluationOneEquiv k).bijective⟩ have he : (fun A : GraphSlope 1 k => fun i : Fin k => (graphHyperplaneTrivialization (standardLineGraphFrame k) ⟨A,hyperplaneFunctionalSection (coordinateFunctional (positiveCoordinate k i)) (graphLineProjection (standardLineGraphFrame k) A)⟩).2)= graphHyperplaneSectionCoordinates (standardLineGraphFrame k) := by funext A i rw [graphHyperplaneSectionCoordinates,standard_verticalFunctional] rw [he] exact graphHyperplaneSectionCoordinates_hasFDerivAt _ _ end Kaplansky.ComplexGrassmann end end OAI