import OAI.Geometry.ComplexBundle.DirectSum import OAI.Geometry.ComplexBundle.Sections namespace OAI noncomputable section /-! Tensor line bundles, metrics, and finite frames. -/ section open Bundle Topology namespace Kaplansky section theorem complexLineMap_scalar (L : ℂ →L[ℂ] ℂ) (z : ℂ) : L z = z * L 1 := by have h := L.map_smul z (1 : ℂ) simpa using h variable {B J K : Type*} [TopologicalSpace B] (C : VectorBundleCore ℂ B ℂ J) (D : VectorBundleCore ℂ B ℂ K) /-- Tensor product of two actual line cores. Its transition functions are the products of the two line transition functions. -/ def tensorLineCore : VectorBundleCore ℂ B ℂ (J × K) where baseSet i := C.baseSet i.1 ∩ D.baseSet i.2 isOpen_baseSet i := (C.isOpen_baseSet i.1).inter (D.isOpen_baseSet i.2) indexAt x := (C.indexAt x,D.indexAt x) mem_baseSet_at x := ⟨C.mem_baseSet_at x,D.mem_baseSet_at x⟩ coordChange i j x := (C.coordChange i.1 j.1 x 1 * D.coordChange i.2 j.2 x 1) • ContinuousLinearMap.id ℂ ℂ coordChange_self i x hx z := by rw [C.coordChange_self i.1 x hx.1, D.coordChange_self i.2 x hx.2] simp continuousOn_coordChange i j := by have hc := ((C.continuousOn_coordChange i.1 j.1).mono (fun x (hx : x ∈ (C.baseSet i.1 ∩ D.baseSet i.2) ∩ (C.baseSet j.1 ∩ D.baseSet j.2)) => ⟨hx.1.1,hx.2.1⟩)).clm_apply (continuousOn_const (c := (1 : ℂ))) have hd := ((D.continuousOn_coordChange i.2 j.2).mono (fun x (hx : x ∈ (C.baseSet i.1 ∩ D.baseSet i.2) ∩ (C.baseSet j.1 ∩ D.baseSet j.2)) => ⟨hx.1.2,hx.2.2⟩)).clm_apply (continuousOn_const (c := (1 : ℂ))) exact (hc.mul hd).smul continuousOn_const coordChange_comp i j k x hx z := by have hc := C.coordChange_comp i.1 j.1 k.1 x ⟨⟨hx.1.1.1,hx.1.2.1⟩,hx.2.1⟩ (1 : ℂ) have hd := D.coordChange_comp i.2 j.2 k.2 x ⟨⟨hx.1.1.2,hx.1.2.2⟩,hx.2.2⟩ (1 : ℂ) rw [complexLineMap_scalar] at hc hd change (C.coordChange j.1 k.1 x 1 * D.coordChange j.2 k.2 x 1) * ((C.coordChange i.1 j.1 x 1 * D.coordChange i.2 j.2 x 1) * z) = (C.coordChange i.1 k.1 x 1 * D.coordChange i.2 k.2 x 1) * z rw [← hc, ← hd] ring /-- Multiplication in core fibers is the tensor pairing. This formula is compatible with every tensor-product chart. -/ def tensorLinePair (x : B) (v : C.Fiber x) (w : D.Fiber x) : (tensorLineCore C D).Fiber x := (show ℂ from v) * (show ℂ from w) theorem tensorLinePair_chart (i : J × K) (x : B) (v : C.Fiber x) (w : D.Fiber x) : ((tensorLineCore C D).localTriv i ⟨x,tensorLinePair C D x v w⟩).2 = (C.localTriv i.1 ⟨x,v⟩).2 * (D.localTriv i.2 ⟨x,w⟩).2 := by change ℂ at v w change (C.coordChange (C.indexAt x) i.1 x 1 * D.coordChange (D.indexAt x) i.2 x 1) * ((show ℂ from v) * (show ℂ from w)) = C.coordChange (C.indexAt x) i.1 x v * D.coordChange (D.indexAt x) i.2 x w rw [complexLineMap_scalar (C.coordChange (C.indexAt x) i.1 x) v, complexLineMap_scalar (D.coordChange (D.indexAt x) i.2 x) w] ring /-- Products of continuous sections are continuous in the tensor bundle topology; the chart compatibility, not fiberwise continuity alone, establishes the statement. -/ theorem continuous_tensorLinePair_section (s : ∀ x, C.Fiber x) (t : ∀ x, D.Fiber x) (hs : Continuous (fun x => TotalSpace.mk' ℂ x (s x))) (ht : Continuous (fun x => TotalSpace.mk' ℂ x (t x))) : Continuous (fun x => TotalSpace.mk' ℂ x (tensorLinePair C D x (s x) (t x))) := by apply continuous_iff_continuousAt.mpr intro x rw [FiberBundle.continuousAt_section] have hc := (FiberBundle.continuousAt_section ℂ x).mp hs.continuousAt have hd := (FiberBundle.continuousAt_section ℂ x).mp ht.continuousAt apply (hc.mul hd).congr_of_eventuallyEq exact Filter.Eventually.of_forall (fun y => tensorLinePair_chart C D ((C.indexAt x),(D.indexAt x)) y (s y) (t y)) theorem tensorLinePair_ne_zero (x : B) (v : C.Fiber x) (w : D.Fiber x) (hv : v ≠ 0) (hw : w ≠ 0) : tensorLinePair C D x v w ≠ 0 := by change (show ℂ from v) * (show ℂ from w) ≠ 0 exact mul_ne_zero hv hw end variable {B J : Type} [TopologicalSpace B] (C : VectorBundleCore ℂ B ℂ J) (u : ∀ b, C.Fiber b) (hu : ∀ b, u b ≠ 0) /-- Coordinates relative to an actual nowhere-zero line section. -/ def lineFrameEquiv (b : B) : C.Fiber b ≃ₗ[ℂ] ℂ where toFun z := (show ℂ from z) / (show ℂ from u b) invFun z := z * (show ℂ from u b) left_inv z := by change ((show ℂ from z) / (show ℂ from u b)) * (show ℂ from u b) = (show ℂ from z) exact div_mul_cancel₀ _ (hu b) right_inv z := by change (z * (show ℂ from u b)) / (show ℂ from u b) = z exact mul_div_cancel_right₀ _ (hu b) map_add' z w := add_div _ _ _ map_smul' c z := by change (c*(show ℂ from z))/_ = c*((show ℂ from z)/_); ring theorem lineFrameEquiv_chart (b : B) (z : C.Fiber b) (i : J) (hi : b ∈ C.baseSet i) : lineFrameEquiv C u hu b z = (C.localTriv i ⟨b,z⟩).2 / (C.localTriv i ⟨b,u b⟩).2 := by have hc : C.coordChange (C.indexAt b) i b 1 ≠ 0 := by intro hz have he := C.coordChange_comp (C.indexAt b) i (C.indexAt b) b ⟨⟨C.mem_baseSet_at b,hi⟩,C.mem_baseSet_at b⟩ 1 rw [hz, map_zero, C.coordChange_self _ _ (C.mem_baseSet_at b)] at he exact zero_ne_one he change (show ℂ from z) / (show ℂ from u b) = C.coordChange (C.indexAt b) i b z / C.coordChange (C.indexAt b) i b (u b) rw [complexLineMap_scalar (C.coordChange (C.indexAt b) i b) z, complexLineMap_scalar (C.coordChange (C.indexAt b) i b) (u b)] exact (mul_div_mul_right _ _ hc).symm variable (hc : Continuous (fun b => TotalSpace.mk' ℂ b (u b))) /-- A nonzero continuous frame gives a homeomorphism for the original line-core topology, with complex-linear fibers. -/ def lineFrameHomeomorph : TotalSpace ℂ C.Fiber ≃ₜ B × ℂ where toFun z := (z.proj,lineFrameEquiv C u hu z.proj z.2) invFun z := ⟨z.1,(lineFrameEquiv C u hu z.1).symm z.2⟩ left_inv z := by obtain ⟨b,z⟩ := z exact congrArg (TotalSpace.mk' ℂ b) ((lineFrameEquiv C u hu b).symm_apply_apply z) right_inv z := Prod.ext rfl ((lineFrameEquiv C u hu z.1).apply_symm_apply z.2) continuous_toFun := by apply (FiberBundle.continuous_proj _ _).prodMk apply continuous_iff_continuousAt.mpr intro z let i := C.indexAt z.proj have hp := FiberBundle.continuous_proj ℂ C.Fiber have hv := ((C.localTriv i).continuousAt ((C.localTriv i).mem_source.mpr (C.mem_baseSet_at z.proj))).snd have hw : ContinuousAt (fun w : TotalSpace ℂ C.Fiber => (C.localTriv i ⟨w.proj,u w.proj⟩).2) z := ((FiberBundle.continuousAt_section ℂ z.proj).mp hc.continuousAt).comp hp.continuousAt have hn : (C.localTriv i ⟨z.proj,u z.proj⟩).2 ≠ 0 := by change C.coordChange (C.indexAt z.proj) i z.proj (u z.proj) ≠ 0 intro h exact hu z.proj ((C.coordChange_self _ _ (C.mem_baseSet_at z.proj) (u z.proj)).symm.trans h) apply (hv.div hw hn).congr_of_eventuallyEq filter_upwards [hp.continuousAt ((C.isOpen_baseSet i).mem_nhds (C.mem_baseSet_at z.proj))] with w hw exact lineFrameEquiv_chart C u hu w.proj w.2 i hw continuous_invFun := by exact continuous_bundle_smul_over Prod.fst continuous_fst Prod.snd continuous_snd (fun z : B × ℂ => u z.1) (hc.comp continuous_fst) variable {S : Type} [Fintype S] {I : S → Type} (D : ∀ s, VectorBundleCore ℂ B ℂ (I s)) (v : ∀ s b, (D s).Fiber b) (hn : ∀ s b, v s b ≠ 0) (hv : ∀ s, Continuous (fun b => TotalSpace.mk' ℂ b (v s b))) def finiteLineFrameEquiv (b : B) : (finiteLineSumCore D).Fiber b ≃ₗ[ℂ] (S → ℂ) := (EuclideanSpace.equiv S ℂ).toLinearEquiv.trans (LinearEquiv.piCongrRight (fun s => lineFrameEquiv (D s) (v s) (hn s) b)) def finiteLineFrameHomeomorph : TotalSpace (EuclideanSpace ℂ S) (finiteLineSumCore D).Fiber ≃ₜ B × (S → ℂ) where toFun z := (z.proj,finiteLineFrameEquiv D v hn z.proj z.2) invFun z := ⟨z.1,(finiteLineFrameEquiv D v hn z.1).symm z.2⟩ left_inv z := by obtain ⟨b,w⟩ := z exact congrArg (TotalSpace.mk' _ b) ((finiteLineFrameEquiv D v hn b).symm_apply_apply w) right_inv z := Prod.ext rfl ((finiteLineFrameEquiv D v hn z.1).apply_symm_apply z.2) continuous_toFun := by apply (FiberBundle.continuous_proj _ _).prodMk apply continuous_pi intro s exact continuous_snd.comp ((lineFrameHomeomorph (D s) (v s) (hn s) (hv s)).continuous.comp (continuous_finiteLineSumComponent D s)) continuous_invFun := by apply (continuous_finiteLineSum_iff _ _).mpr refine ⟨continuous_fst,fun s => ?_⟩ exact (lineFrameHomeomorph (D s) (v s) (hn s) (hv s)).symm.continuous.comp (continuous_fst.prodMk ((continuous_apply s).comp continuous_snd)) theorem finiteLineFrameHomeomorph_zero_iff (z : TotalSpace (EuclideanSpace ℂ S) (finiteLineSumCore D).Fiber) : (finiteLineFrameHomeomorph D v hn hv z).2 = 0 ↔ z.2 = 0 := (finiteLineFrameEquiv D v hn z.proj).map_eq_zero_iff end Kaplansky end open Bundle Topology open scoped InnerProductSpace namespace Kaplansky variable {B J K : Type*} [TopologicalSpace B] (C : VectorBundleCore ℂ B ℂ J) (D : VectorBundleCore ℂ B ℂ K) theorem tensorLineCore_coordChange_eq_comp (i j : J × K) (x : B) (z : ℂ) : (tensorLineCore C D).coordChange i j x z = C.coordChange i.1 j.1 x (D.coordChange i.2 j.2 x z) := by change (C.coordChange i.1 j.1 x 1 * D.coordChange i.2 j.2 x 1) * z = _ rw [complexLineMap_scalar (C.coordChange i.1 j.1 x) (D.coordChange i.2 j.2 x z), complexLineMap_scalar (D.coordChange i.2 j.2 x) z] ring /-- Tensoring unitary line transitions preserves the actual Hermitian metric. No determinant or orientation premise is required. -/ theorem tensorLineCore_unitary (hC : ∀ i j x, x ∈ C.baseSet i → x ∈ C.baseSet j → ∀ z w : ℂ, inner ℂ (C.coordChange i j x z) (C.coordChange i j x w) = inner ℂ z w) (hD : ∀ i j x, x ∈ D.baseSet i → x ∈ D.baseSet j → ∀ z w : ℂ, inner ℂ (D.coordChange i j x z) (D.coordChange i j x w) = inner ℂ z w) (i j : J × K) (x : B) (hi : x ∈ (tensorLineCore C D).baseSet i) (hj : x ∈ (tensorLineCore C D).baseSet j) (z w : ℂ) : inner ℂ ((tensorLineCore C D).coordChange i j x z) ((tensorLineCore C D).coordChange i j x w) = inner ℂ z w := by rw [tensorLineCore_coordChange_eq_comp, tensorLineCore_coordChange_eq_comp, hC i.1 j.1 x hi.1 hj.1, hD i.2 j.2 x hi.2 hj.2] theorem tensorLineSum_unitary {S : Type*} [Fintype S] {J K : S → Type*} (C : ∀ s, VectorBundleCore ℂ B ℂ (J s)) (D : ∀ s, VectorBundleCore ℂ B ℂ (K s)) (hC : LineCoreIsUnitary C) (hD : LineCoreIsUnitary D) : LineCoreIsUnitary (fun s => tensorLineCore (C s) (D s)) := fun s => tensorLineCore_unitary (C s) (D s) (hC s) (hD s) end Kaplansky end end OAI