import OAI.Geometry.KahlerSplitting.Picard namespace OAI noncomputable section open scoped Manifold ContDiff open Set Topology Filter Metric open Set MeasureTheory Metric Filter Topology open scoped ENNReal open Set Metric open scoped ENNReal NNReal open scoped Manifold ENNReal NNReal open Complex open Set Filter Topology open Set Metric Filter Topology Complex open Set Metric Filter Topology MeasureTheory Complex open scoped Manifold ENNReal open Set open scoped Manifold open Set Metric Filter Topology Asymptotics open Set MeasureTheory open Set Metric Filter Topology open scoped ContDiff open Set Metric Filter Topology MeasureTheory open scoped Interval namespace UniversalCoverSplitting variable {E : Type*} [NormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace ℝ E] [NormedSpace ℂ E] [IsScalarTower ℝ ℂ E] [CompleteSpace E] omit [CompleteSpace E] in theorem picard_initial_variation (V : C(E,E)) (D : C(E,E →L[ℂ] E)) {U : Set E} (hU : IsOpen U) (hder : ∀ x ∈ U, HasFDerivAt V (D x) x) {p v : E} {z : ℂ} {ψ : ℂ → FlowPath E} {Z : FlowPath E} (hψ : HasDerivAt ψ Z 0) (hr : range (ψ 0) ⊆ U) (heq : ∀ᶠ w in 𝓝 (0 : ℂ), ψ w = ContinuousMap.const FlowTime (p+w•v) + z • picardIntegral V (ψ w)) : Z = ContinuousMap.const FlowTime v + z • pathPrimitiveL (pathLinearApply (D.comp (ψ 0)) Z) := by have hi := (hasFDerivAt_picardIntegral V D hU hder hr).comp_hasDerivAt 0 hψ have hp := ((hasDerivAt_id (0 : ℂ)).smul_const v).const_add p have hc := (ContinuousLinearMap.const ℂ FlowTime : E →L[ℂ] FlowPath E).hasFDerivAt.comp_hasDerivAt 0 hp have hh := hc.add (hi.const_smul z) have he : HasDerivAt ψ (ContinuousMap.const FlowTime v + z • pathPrimitiveL (pathLinearApply (D.comp (ψ 0)) Z)) 0 := by convert! hh.congr_of_eventuallyEq heq using 1 simp rfl exact hψ.unique he theorem commuting_field_picard_equation (V W : C(E,E)) (D : C(E,E →L[ℂ] E)) (DW : E → E →L[ℂ] E) {U : Set E} (hW : ∀ x ∈ U, HasFDerivAt W (DW x) x) (hcomm : ∀ x ∈ U, DW x (V x) = D x (W x)) {p : E} {z : ℂ} {γ : FlowPath E} (hr : range γ ⊆ U) (heq : γ = ContinuousMap.const FlowTime p + z • picardIntegral V γ) : W.comp γ = ContinuousMap.const FlowTime (W p) + z • pathPrimitiveL (pathLinearApply (D.comp γ) (W.comp γ)) := by let η := picardRealExtension V p z γ let B := pathLinearApply (D.comp γ) (W.comp γ) have hη (u : FlowTime) : η u = γ u := picardRealExtension_eq V heq u have hd (u : FlowTime) : HasDerivAt (fun v : ℝ ↦ W (η v)) (z • pathExtend B u) u := by have ht := picardRealExtension_hasDerivAt V p z γ u.val have hv := ((hW (γ u) (hr (mem_range_self u))).restrictScalars ℝ) rw [← hη u] at hv have hc := hv.comp_hasDerivAt u.val ht convert! hc using 1 rw [pathExtend_apply,hη u,pathExtend_apply] change z • D (γ u) (W (γ u)) = DW (γ u) (z • V (γ u)) rw [map_smul,hcomm _ (hr (mem_range_self u))] ext t have hderiv (u : ℝ) (hu : u ∈ uIcc (0 : ℝ) t.val) : HasDerivAt (fun v : ℝ ↦ W (η v)) (z • pathExtend B u) u := by have hu' : u ∈ Icc (0 : ℝ) 1 := by rw [uIcc_of_le t.property.1] at hu exact ⟨hu.1,hu.2.trans t.property.2⟩ exact hd ⟨u,hu'⟩ have hi := intervalIntegral.integral_eq_sub_of_hasDerivAt hderiv (((pathExtend B).continuous.const_smul z).intervalIntegrable 0 t.val) rw [intervalIntegral.integral_smul,hη t] at hi have hη0 : η 0 = p := by simp [η,picardRealExtension] rw [hη0] at hi change W (γ t) = W p + z • ∫ u in (0 : ℝ)..t.val, pathExtend B u exact (sub_eq_iff_eq_add.mp hi.symm).trans (add_comm _ _) theorem picard_endpoint_preserves_commuting_field (V W : C(E,E)) (D : C(E,E →L[ℂ] E)) (DW : E → E →L[ℂ] E) {U : Set E} (hU : IsOpen U) (hV : ∀ x ∈ U, HasFDerivAt V (D x) x) (hW : ∀ x ∈ U, HasFDerivAt W (DW x) x) (hcomm : ∀ x ∈ U, DW x (V x) = D x (W x)) {p : E} {z : ℂ} {ψ : ℂ → FlowPath E} {Z : FlowPath E} (hψ : HasDerivAt ψ Z 0) (hr : range (ψ 0) ⊆ U) (heq : ∀ᶠ w in 𝓝 (0 : ℂ), ψ w = ContinuousMap.const FlowTime (p+w•W p) + z • picardIntegral V (ψ w)) (hz : ‖z‖ * ‖D.comp (ψ 0)‖ < 1) : HasDerivAt (fun w ↦ ψ w ⟨1,zero_le_one,le_rfl⟩) (W (ψ 0 ⟨1,zero_le_one,le_rfl⟩)) 0 := by have hZ := picard_initial_variation V D hU hV hψ hr heq have heq0 : ψ 0 = ContinuousMap.const FlowTime p + z • picardIntegral V (ψ 0) := by simpa using heq.self_of_nhds have hY := commuting_field_picard_equation V W D DW hW hcomm hr heq0 have hZY := picard_linear_unique (D.comp (ψ 0)) hz hZ hY have hEval := (ContinuousMap.evalCLM (R := ℂ) (M := E) (⟨1,zero_le_one,le_rfl⟩ : FlowTime)).hasFDerivAt.comp_hasDerivAt 0 hψ convert! hEval using 1 rw [hZY]; rfl end UniversalCoverSplitting open Set Metric Filter Topology open scoped ContDiff namespace UniversalCoverSplitting variable {E : Type*} [NormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace ℝ E] [NormedSpace ℂ E] [IsScalarTower ℝ ℂ E] [CompleteSpace E] theorem exists_small_holomorphic_picard_family (V : C(E,E)) (D : C(E,E →L[ℂ] E)) {U : Set E} (hU : IsOpen U) (hder : ∀ x ∈ U, HasFDerivAt V (D x) x) {p : E} (hp : p ∈ U) : ∃ W : Set (FlowParameter E), IsOpen W ∧ (p,0) ∈ W ∧ ∃ φ : FlowParameter E → FlowPath E, ContDiffOn ℂ 1 φ W ∧ φ (p,0) = ContinuousMap.const FlowTime p ∧ ∀ q ∈ W, range (φ q) ⊆ U ∧ φ q = ContinuousMap.const FlowTime q.1 + q.2 • picardIntegral V (φ q) ∧ ‖q.2‖ * ‖D.comp (φ q)‖ < 1 := by obtain ⟨O,hOo,hOp,φ,hφ,hφbase,heq⟩ := exists_holomorphic_picard_family V D hU hder hp have hcφ : ContinuousAt φ (p,0) := hφ.continuousOn.continuousAt (hOo.mem_nhds hOp) have hcD : ContinuousAt (fun q : E × ℂ ↦ D.comp (φ q)) (p,0) := by convert! D.continuous_postcomp.continuousAt.comp hcφ have hn : Continuous (fun A : C(FlowTime,E →L[ℂ] E) ↦ ‖A‖) := by convert! @continuous_norm C(FlowTime,E →L[ℂ] E) inferInstance have hcNorm : ContinuousAt (fun q : E × ℂ ↦ ‖q.2‖ * ‖D.comp (φ q)‖) (p,0) := continuous_snd.continuousAt.norm.mul (hn.continuousAt.comp hcD) have hsmall : ∀ᶠ q : E × ℂ in 𝓝 (p,0), ‖q.2‖ * ‖D.comp (φ q)‖ < 1 := by apply hcNorm.eventually_lt continuousAt_const simp have hboth : O ∩ {q | ‖q.2‖ * ‖D.comp (φ q)‖ < 1} ∈ 𝓝 (p,0) := inter_mem (hOo.mem_nhds hOp) hsmall obtain ⟨W,hWO,hWo,hWp⟩ := _root_.mem_nhds_iff.mp hboth refine ⟨W,hWo,hWp,φ,hφ.mono (fun q hq ↦ (hWO hq).1),hφbase,?_⟩ intro q hq exact ⟨(heq q (hWO hq).1).1,(heq q (hWO hq).1).2,(hWO hq).2⟩ end UniversalCoverSplitting open Set Metric Filter Topology open scoped ContDiff namespace UniversalCoverSplitting variable {E : Type*} [NormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace ℝ E] [NormedSpace ℂ E] [IsScalarTower ℝ ℂ E] [CompleteSpace E] theorem picard_endpoint_hasDerivAt (V : C(E,E)) (D : C(E,E →L[ℂ] E)) {U : Set E} (hU : IsOpen U) (hder : ∀ x ∈ U, HasFDerivAt V (D x) x) {p : E} {z : ℂ} {ψ : ℂ → FlowPath E} {Z : FlowPath E} (hψ : HasDerivAt ψ Z z) (hr : range (ψ z) ⊆ U) (heq : ∀ᶠ w in 𝓝 z, ψ w = ContinuousMap.const FlowTime p + w • picardIntegral V (ψ w)) (hz : ‖z‖ * ‖D.comp (ψ z)‖ < 1) : HasDerivAt (fun w ↦ ψ w ⟨1,zero_le_one,le_rfl⟩) (V (ψ z ⟨1,zero_le_one,le_rfl⟩)) z := by have hZ := picard_variation_equation V D hU hder hψ hr heq have hY := picardTimeVariation_equation V D hder hr heq.self_of_nhds have hZY := picard_linear_unique (D.comp (ψ z)) hz hZ hY have he := (ContinuousMap.evalCLM (R := ℂ) (M := E) (⟨1,zero_le_one,le_rfl⟩ : FlowTime)).hasFDerivAt.comp_hasDerivAt z hψ convert! he using 1 rw [hZY] simp [picardTimeVariation] theorem exists_holomorphic_flow_representatives (V : C(E,E)) (D : C(E,E →L[ℂ] E)) {U : Set E} (hU : IsOpen U) (hder : ∀ x ∈ U, HasFDerivAt V (D x) x) {p : E} (hp : p ∈ U) : ∃ W : Set (E × ℂ), IsOpen W ∧ (p,0) ∈ W ∧ ∃ F : E × ℂ → E, ContDiffOn ℂ 1 F W ∧ MapsTo F W U ∧ (∀ x, (x,0) ∈ W → F (x,0) = x) ∧ (∀ q ∈ W, HasDerivAt (fun z ↦ F (q.1,z)) (V (F q)) q.2) := by obtain ⟨W,hWo,hWp,φ,hφ,hφbase,heq⟩ := exists_small_holomorphic_picard_family V D hU hder hp let e₁ : FlowTime := ⟨1,zero_le_one,le_rfl⟩ let F : E × ℂ → E := fun q ↦ φ q e₁ refine ⟨W,hWo,hWp,F,?_,?_,?_,?_⟩ · exact (ContinuousMap.evalCLM (R := ℂ) (M := E) e₁).contDiff.comp_contDiffOn hφ · intro q hq exact (heq q hq).1 (mem_range_self e₁) · intro x hx have h := congrArg (fun γ : FlowPath E ↦ γ e₁) (heq (x,0) hx).2.1 simpa [F] using h · intro q hq have hφq : DifferentiableAt ℂ φ q := (hφ.contDiffAt (hWo.mem_nhds hq)).differentiableAt (by norm_num) have hem : DifferentiableAt ℂ (fun z : ℂ ↦ (q.1,z)) q.2 := (differentiableAt_const q.1).prodMk differentiableAt_id have hψ := (hφq.comp q.2 hem).hasDerivAt have heq' : ∀ᶠ z in 𝓝 q.2, φ (q.1,z) = ContinuousMap.const FlowTime q.1 + z • picardIntegral V (φ (q.1,z)) := by have hn := hem.continuousAt.tendsto.eventually (hWo.mem_nhds hq) filter_upwards [hn] with z hz exact (heq _ hz).2.1 exact picard_endpoint_hasDerivAt V D hU hder hψ (heq q hq).1 heq' (heq q hq).2.2 end UniversalCoverSplitting open Set Metric Filter Topology open scoped ContDiff namespace UniversalCoverSplitting variable {E : Type*} [NormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace ℝ E] [NormedSpace ℂ E] [IsScalarTower ℝ ℂ E] [CompleteSpace E] theorem picard_family_fderiv_preserves (V W : C(E,E)) (D : C(E,E →L[ℂ] E)) (DW : E → E →L[ℂ] E) {U : Set E} (hU : IsOpen U) (hV : ∀ x ∈ U, HasFDerivAt V (D x) x) (hW : ∀ x ∈ U, HasFDerivAt W (DW x) x) (hcomm : ∀ x ∈ U, DW x (V x) = D x (W x)) {O : Set (E × ℂ)} (hO : IsOpen O) {φ : E × ℂ → FlowPath E} (hφ : ContDiffOn ℂ 1 φ O) (heq : ∀ q ∈ O, range (φ q) ⊆ U ∧ φ q = ContinuousMap.const FlowTime q.1 + q.2 • picardIntegral V (φ q) ∧ ‖q.2‖ * ‖D.comp (φ q)‖ < 1) {q : E × ℂ} (hq : q ∈ O) : fderiv ℂ (fun r ↦ φ r ⟨1,zero_le_one,le_rfl⟩) q (W q.1,0) = W (φ q ⟨1,zero_le_one,le_rfl⟩) := by let c : ℂ → E × ℂ := fun w ↦ (q.1 + w • W q.1,q.2) have hc : HasDerivAt c (W q.1,0) 0 := by convert! (((hasDerivAt_id (0 : ℂ)).smul_const (W q.1)).const_add q.1).prodMk (hasDerivAt_const (0 : ℂ) q.2) using 1; simp have hc0 : c 0 = q := by simp [c] have hφq := (hφ.contDiffAt (hO.mem_nhds hq)).differentiableAt (by norm_num : (1 : ℕ∞ω) ≠ 0) have hφc : DifferentiableAt ℂ φ (c 0) := by simpa only [hc0] using hφq have hψ := hφc.hasFDerivAt.comp_hasDerivAt 0 hc have hr : range (φ (c 0)) ⊆ U := by simpa [hc0] using (heq q hq).1 have hi : ∀ᶠ w in 𝓝 (0 : ℂ), φ (c w) = ContinuousMap.const FlowTime (q.1+w•W q.1) + q.2 • picardIntegral V (φ (c w)) := by have hnc : O ∈ 𝓝 (c 0) := by simpa only [hc0] using hO.mem_nhds hq have hn := hc.continuousAt.tendsto.eventually hnc filter_upwards [hn] with w hw exact (heq _ hw).2.1 have hz : ‖q.2‖ * ‖D.comp (φ (c 0))‖ < 1 := by simpa [hc0] using (heq q hq).2.2 have hP := picard_endpoint_preserves_commuting_field V W D DW hU hV hW hcomm hψ hr hi hz let F : E × ℂ → E := fun r ↦ φ r ⟨1,zero_le_one,le_rfl⟩ have hF : DifferentiableAt ℂ F q := (ContinuousMap.evalCLM (R := ℂ) (M := E) (⟨1,zero_le_one,le_rfl⟩ : FlowTime)).differentiableAt.comp q hφq have hFc : DifferentiableAt ℂ F (c 0) := by simpa only [hc0] using hF have hF' := hFc.hasFDerivAt.comp_hasDerivAt 0 hc simpa [hc0,F] using hF'.unique hP theorem exists_holomorphic_flow_preserving_representatives (V : C(E,E)) (D : C(E,E →L[ℂ] E)) {U : Set E} (hU : IsOpen U) (hder : ∀ x ∈ U, HasFDerivAt V (D x) x) {p : E} (hp : p ∈ U) : ∃ W : Set (E × ℂ), IsOpen W ∧ (p,0) ∈ W ∧ ∃ F : E × ℂ → E, ContDiffOn ℂ 1 F W ∧ MapsTo F W U ∧ (∀ x, (x,0) ∈ W → F (x,0) = x) ∧ (∀ q ∈ W, HasDerivAt (fun z ↦ F (q.1,z)) (V (F q)) q.2) ∧ (∀ (A : C(E,E)) (DA : E → E →L[ℂ] E), (∀ x ∈ U, HasFDerivAt A (DA x) x) → (∀ x ∈ U, DA x (V x) = D x (A x)) → ∀ q ∈ W, fderiv ℂ F q (A q.1,0) = A (F q)) := by obtain ⟨W,hWo,hWp,φ,hφ,hφbase,heq⟩ := exists_small_holomorphic_picard_family V D hU hder hp let e₁ : FlowTime := ⟨1,zero_le_one,le_rfl⟩ let F : E × ℂ → E := fun q ↦ φ q e₁ refine ⟨W,hWo,hWp,F,?_,?_,?_,?_,?_⟩ · exact (ContinuousMap.evalCLM (R := ℂ) (M := E) e₁).contDiff.comp_contDiffOn hφ · intro q hq exact (heq q hq).1 (mem_range_self e₁) · intro x hx have h := congrArg (fun γ : FlowPath E ↦ γ e₁) (heq (x,0) hx).2.1 simpa [F] using h · intro q hq have hφq : DifferentiableAt ℂ φ q := (hφ.contDiffAt (hWo.mem_nhds hq)).differentiableAt (by norm_num) have hem : DifferentiableAt ℂ (fun z : ℂ ↦ (q.1,z)) q.2 := (differentiableAt_const q.1).prodMk differentiableAt_id have hψ := (hφq.comp q.2 hem).hasDerivAt have heq' : ∀ᶠ z in 𝓝 q.2, φ (q.1,z) = ContinuousMap.const FlowTime q.1 + z • picardIntegral V (φ (q.1,z)) := by have hn := hem.continuousAt.tendsto.eventually (hWo.mem_nhds hq) filter_upwards [hn] with z hz exact (heq _ hz).2.1 exact picard_endpoint_hasDerivAt V D hU hder hψ (heq q hq).1 heq' (heq q hq).2.2 · intro A DA hA hcomm q hq exact picard_family_fderiv_preserves V A D DA hU hder hA hcomm hWo hφ heq hq end UniversalCoverSplitting open Set Metric Filter Topology open scoped ContDiff namespace UniversalCoverSplitting variable {E : Type*} [NormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace ℝ E] [NormedSpace ℂ E] [IsScalarTower ℝ ℂ E] [CompleteSpace E] structure HolomorphicFlowData (V : C(E,E)) (D : C(E,E →L[ℂ] E)) (U : Set E) (p : E) where domain : Set (E × ℂ) isOpen_domain : IsOpen domain base_mem : (p,0) ∈ domain map : E × ℂ → E contDiff : ContDiffOn ℂ 1 map domain mapsTo : MapsTo map domain U zero : ∀ x, (x,0) ∈ domain → map (x,0) = x time : ∀ q ∈ domain, fderiv ℂ map q (0,1) = V (map q) preserves : ∀ (A : C(E,E)) (DA : E → E →L[ℂ] E), (∀ x ∈ U, HasFDerivAt A (DA x) x) → (∀ x ∈ U, DA x (V x) = D x (A x)) → ∀ q ∈ domain, fderiv ℂ map q (A q.1,0) = A (map q) theorem exists_holomorphicFlowData (V : C(E,E)) (D : C(E,E →L[ℂ] E)) {U : Set E} (hU : IsOpen U) (hV : ∀ x ∈ U, HasFDerivAt V (D x) x) {p : E} (hp : p ∈ U) : Nonempty (HolomorphicFlowData V D U p) := by obtain ⟨O,hO,hpO,F,hF,hFU,hF0,hFt,hFA⟩ := exists_holomorphic_flow_preserving_representatives V D hU hV hp refine ⟨⟨O,hO,hpO,F,hF,hFU,hF0,?_,hFA⟩⟩ intro q hq have hFq := (hF.contDiffAt (hO.mem_nhds hq)).differentiableAt (by norm_num) have hc : HasDerivAt (fun z : ℂ ↦ (q.1,z)) (0,1) q.2 := (hasDerivAt_const q.2 q.1).prodMk (hasDerivAt_id q.2) exact (hFq.hasFDerivAt.comp_hasDerivAt q.2 hc).unique (hFt q hq) end UniversalCoverSplitting end end OAI