import OAI.Probability.FKMaps.WalkBounds namespace OAI noncomputable section open Set Filter MeasureTheory ProbabilityTheory open scoped Topology BigOperators ENNReal NNReal namespace FKCRT.TreeCoding local instance : MeasurableSpace C(unitInterval, ℝ) := borel _ local instance : BorelSpace C(unitInterval, ℝ) := ⟨rfl⟩ lemma pathApprox_random_tendstoInMeasure {Ω : Type*} [MeasurableSpace Ω] {μ : Measure Ω} [IsProbabilityMeasure μ] (X : Ω → C(unitInterval, ℝ)) (hX : AEMeasurable X μ) : TendstoInMeasure μ (fun N ω => pathApprox N (X ω)) atTop X := by let : MeasurableSpace C(unitInterval, ℝ) := borel _ let : BorelSpace C(unitInterval, ℝ) := ⟨rfl⟩ apply tendstoInMeasure_of_tendsto_ae · intro N exact ((continuous_pathApprox N).measurable.comp_aemeasurable hX).aestronglyMeasurable · exact ae_of_all μ (fun ω => pathApprox_tendsto (X ω)) lemma hat_gridPoint {N : ℕ} (hN : 0 < N) (i j : Fin (N+1)) : hat N j.val (gridPoint N i) = if i = j then 1 else 0 := by have hNR : (N:ℝ) ≠ 0 := by positivity change max 0 (1-|(N:ℝ)*((i.val:ℝ)/(N:ℝ))-(j.val:ℝ)|) = _ rw [mul_div_cancel₀ _ hNR] split_ifs with hij · subst j simp · have hn : i.val ≠ j.val := fun h => hij (Fin.ext h) have hab : 1 ≤ |(i.val:ℝ)-(j.val:ℝ)| := by rcases lt_or_gt_of_ne hn with h | h · rw [abs_of_nonpos (sub_nonpos.mpr (by exact_mod_cast Nat.le_of_lt h))] have hh : (i.val:ℝ)+1 ≤ j.val := by exact_mod_cast h linarith · rw [abs_of_nonneg (sub_nonneg.mpr (by exact_mod_cast Nat.le_of_lt h))] have hh : (j.val:ℝ)+1 ≤ i.val := by exact_mod_cast h linarith exact max_eq_left (by linarith) lemma interpolation_gridPoint {N : ℕ} (hN : 0 < N) (a : Fin (N+1) → ℝ) (i : Fin (N+1)) : interpolation N a (gridPoint N i) = a i := by classical simp only [interpolation_apply,hat_gridPoint hN] simp def coarseWalk {Ω : Type*} (X : ℕ → Ω → ℝ) (m n : ℕ) (ω : Ω) : C(unitInterval, ℝ) := interpolation m (fun i => (∑ j ∈ Finset.range (i.val*(n/m)), X j ω)/Real.sqrt n) def coarseIndex (m n : ℕ) (i : Fin (m+1)) : Fin (n+1) := ⟨i.val*(n/m), lt_of_le_of_lt (le_trans (Nat.mul_le_mul_right (n/m) (Nat.le_of_lt_succ i.isLt)) (Nat.mul_div_le n m)) (Nat.lt_succ_self n)⟩ lemma coarseWalk_vertex {Ω : Type*} (X : ℕ → Ω → ℝ) (m : ℕ) {n : ℕ} (hn : 0 < n) (ω : Ω) (i : Fin (m+1)) : (∑ j ∈ Finset.range (i.val*(n/m)), X j ω)/Real.sqrt n = scaledWalk X n ω (gridPoint n (coarseIndex m n i)) := by symm exact interpolation_gridPoint hn _ _ lemma coarse_grid_dist_le {m n : ℕ} (hm : 0 < m) (hn : 0 < n) (i : Fin (m+1)) : dist (gridPoint n (coarseIndex m n i)) (gridPoint m i) ≤ (m:ℝ)/(n:ℝ) := by have hmR : (0:ℝ) < m := Nat.cast_pos.mpr hm have hnR : (0:ℝ) < n := Nat.cast_pos.mpr hn have hi : (i.val:ℝ) ≤ m := by exact_mod_cast Nat.le_of_lt_succ i.isLt have hil : (i.val:ℝ) ≥ 0 := Nat.cast_nonneg _ have hr : ((n%m:ℕ):ℝ) ≤ m := by exact_mod_cast (Nat.mod_lt n hm).le have hr0 : (0:ℝ) ≤ (n%m:ℕ) := Nat.cast_nonneg _ have he : (m:ℝ)*((n/m:ℕ):ℝ)+((n%m:ℕ):ℝ) = n := by exact_mod_cast Nat.div_add_mod n m change |((i.val*(n/m):ℕ):ℝ)/(n:ℝ)-(i.val:ℝ)/(m:ℝ)| ≤ (m:ℝ)/(n:ℝ) rw [Nat.cast_mul,div_sub_div _ _ hnR.ne' hmR.ne',abs_div,abs_of_pos (mul_pos hnR hmR)] have hneg : (i.val:ℝ)*((n/m:ℕ):ℝ)*(m:ℝ)-(n:ℝ)*(i.val:ℝ) ≤ 0 := by nlinarith rw [abs_of_nonpos hneg, div_le_div_iff₀ (mul_pos hnR hmR) hnR] have hp := mul_le_mul hi hr hr0 (Nat.cast_nonneg m) have hpN := mul_le_mul_of_nonneg_right hp hnR.le have hei := congrArg (fun z : ℝ => (i.val:ℝ)*z*(n:ℝ)) he nlinarith lemma coarseWalk_error_le {Ω : Type*} (X : ℕ → Ω → ℝ) {m n : ℕ} (hm : 0 < m) (hn : m*m ≤ n) (ω : Ω) {ε : ℝ} (hε : 0 ≤ ε) (hmod : ∀ s t : unitInterval, dist s t ≤ 2/(m:ℝ) → |scaledWalk X n ω s-scaledWalk X n ω t| ≤ ε) : ‖coarseWalk X m n ω-scaledWalk X n ω‖ ≤ ε := by have hn0 : 0 < n := lt_of_lt_of_le (Nat.mul_pos hm hm) hn have hmR : (0:ℝ) < m := Nat.cast_pos.mpr hm have hnR : (0:ℝ) < n := Nat.cast_pos.mpr hn0 have hmn : (m:ℝ)/(n:ℝ) ≤ 1/(m:ℝ) := by rw [div_le_div_iff₀ hnR hmR,one_mul] exact_mod_cast hn apply (ContinuousMap.norm_le _ hε).mpr intro t change |interpolation m _ t-scaledWalk X n ω t| ≤ ε apply interpolation_sub_const_bound intro i hi rw [coarseWalk_vertex X m hn0 ω i] apply hmod calc dist (gridPoint n (coarseIndex m n i)) t ≤ dist (gridPoint n (coarseIndex m n i)) (gridPoint m i)+dist (gridPoint m i) t := dist_triangle _ _ _ _ ≤ (m:ℝ)/(n:ℝ)+1/(m:ℝ) := add_le_add (coarse_grid_dist_le hm hn0 i) (hat_gridPoint_dist hm i t hi).le _ ≤ 2/(m:ℝ) := by calc (m:ℝ)/(n:ℝ)+1/(m:ℝ) ≤ 1/(m:ℝ)+1/(m:ℝ) := add_le_add hmn le_rfl _ = 2/(m:ℝ) := by ring def cumulative (m : ℕ) (a : Fin m → ℝ) (i : Fin (m+1)) : ℝ := ∑ j ∈ Finset.range i.val, if h : j < m then a ⟨j,h⟩ else 0 lemma continuous_cumulative (m : ℕ) : Continuous (cumulative m) := by apply continuous_pi intro i unfold cumulative apply continuous_finsetSum intro j _ split_ifs <;> fun_prop lemma cumulative_nat (m : ℕ) (a : ℕ → ℝ) (i : Fin (m+1)) : cumulative m (fun j => a j.val) i = ∑ j ∈ Finset.range i.val, a j := by unfold cumulative apply Finset.sum_congr rfl intro j hj exact dite_eq_left (lt_of_lt_of_le (Finset.mem_range.mp hj) (Nat.le_of_lt_succ i.isLt)) lemma cumulative_div (m : ℕ) (a : Fin m → ℝ) (c : ℝ) (i : Fin (m+1)) : cumulative m (fun j => a j/c) i = cumulative m a i/c := by simp only [cumulative, Finset.sum_div] apply Finset.sum_congr rfl intro j _ split_ifs <;> simp lemma sum_range_blocks (f : ℕ → ℝ) (k l : ℕ) : (∑ i ∈ Finset.range k, ∑ j ∈ Finset.range l, f (i*l+j)) = ∑ j ∈ Finset.range (k*l), f j := by induction k with | zero => simp | succ k ih => rw [Finset.sum_range_succ,ih,Nat.succ_mul,Finset.sum_range_add] lemma cumulative_blocks (m l : ℕ) (f : ℕ → ℝ) (i : Fin (m+1)) : cumulative m (fun k => ∑ j : Fin l, f (k.val*l+j.val)) i = ∑ j ∈ Finset.range (i.val*l), f j := by rw [cumulative_nat m (fun k => ∑ j : Fin l, f (k*l+j.val)) i] have hf (k : ℕ) : (∑ j : Fin l, f (k*l+j.val)) = ∑ j ∈ Finset.range l, f (k*l+j) := Fin.sum_univ_eq_sum_range (fun j => f (k*l+j)) l simp_rw [hf] exact sum_range_blocks f i.val l lemma coarseWalk_eq_cumulative {Ω : Type*} (X : ℕ → Ω → ℝ) (m n : ℕ) (ω : Ω) : interpolation m (cumulative m (fun i => (∑ j : Fin (n/m), X (i.val*(n/m)+j.val) ω)/Real.sqrt n)) = coarseWalk X m n ω := by unfold coarseWalk congr 1 funext i rw [cumulative_div,cumulative_blocks m (n/m) (fun j => X j ω) i] lemma map_uncurry_pi {ι κ : Type*} [Fintype ι] [Fintype κ] (μ : ι → κ → Measure ℝ) [∀ i j, IsProbabilityMeasure (μ i j)] : (Measure.pi (fun i => Measure.pi (μ i))).map (fun x (ij : ι×κ) => x ij.1 ij.2) = Measure.pi (fun ij : ι×κ => μ ij.1 ij.2) := by symm apply Measure.pi_eq intro s hs rw [Measure.map_apply (Measurable.of_eval (fun ij => (measurable_pi_apply ij.2).comp (measurable_pi_apply ij.1))) (.univ_pi hs)] have heq : (fun x (ij : ι×κ) => x ij.1 ij.2) ⁻¹' univ.pi s = univ.pi (fun i => univ.pi (fun j => s (i,j))) := by ext x simp rw [heq,Measure.pi_pi] simp only [Measure.pi_pi] exact (Fintype.prod_prod_type (fun ij : ι×κ => μ ij.1 ij.2 (s ij))).symm lemma iIndepFun_uncurry_pi {ι κ Ω : Type*} [Fintype ι] [Fintype κ] [MeasurableSpace Ω] (μ : ι → Measure Ω) [∀ i, IsProbabilityMeasure (μ i)] (X : ι → κ → Ω → ℝ) (hm : ∀ i j, AEMeasurable (X i j) (μ i)) (hX : ∀ i, iIndepFun (X i) (μ i)) : iIndepFun (fun ij : ι×κ => fun ω : ι → Ω => X ij.1 ij.2 (ω ij.1)) (Measure.pi μ) := by have hrow (i) : AEMeasurable (fun ω j => X i j ω) (μ i) := AEMeasurable.of_eval (hm i) have hmap : (Measure.pi μ).map (fun ω i j => X i j (ω i)) = Measure.pi (fun i => Measure.pi (fun j => (μ i).map (X i j))) := by rw [Measure.pi_map_pi (fun i => hrow i)] congr 1 funext i exact iIndepFun.map_fun_eq_pi_map (hm i) (hX i) have hmflat : ∀ ij : ι×κ, AEMeasurable (fun ω : ι → Ω => X ij.1 ij.2 (ω ij.1)) (Measure.pi μ) := fun ij => (hm _ _).comp_quasiMeasurePreserving (measurePreserving_eval μ ij.1).quasiMeasurePreserving rw [iIndepFun_iff_map_fun_eq_pi_map hmflat] have heq : (fun (ω : ι → Ω) (ij : ι×κ) => X ij.1 ij.2 (ω ij.1)) = (fun x (ij : ι×κ) => x ij.1 ij.2) ∘ (fun (ω : ι → Ω) i j => X i j (ω i)) := rfl have hrm : AEMeasurable (fun ω : ι → Ω => fun i j => X i j (ω i)) (Measure.pi μ) := AEMeasurable.of_eval (fun i => (hrow i).comp_quasiMeasurePreserving (measurePreserving_eval μ i).quasiMeasurePreserving) have hflatm : Measurable (fun x : ι → κ → ℝ => fun ij : ι×κ => x ij.1 ij.2) := by fun_prop rw [heq, ← AEMeasurable.map_map_of_aemeasurable hflatm.aemeasurable hrm, hmap] rw [map_uncurry_pi] congr 1 funext ij have he := measurePreserving_eval μ ij.1 change (μ ij.1).map (X ij.1 ij.2) = (Measure.pi μ).map ((X ij.1 ij.2) ∘ Function.eval ij.1) have ha : AEMeasurable (X ij.1 ij.2) ((Measure.pi μ).map (Function.eval ij.1)) := he.map_eq.symm ▸ hm ij.1 ij.2 rw [← AEMeasurable.map_map_of_aemeasurable ha he.measurable.aemeasurable, he.map_eq] lemma tendstoInDistribution_pi_indep {ι α Ω Ω' : Type*} [Fintype ι] [MeasurableSpace Ω] [MeasurableSpace Ω'] {μ : Measure Ω} {ν : Measure Ω'} [IsProbabilityMeasure μ] [IsProbabilityMeasure ν] {l : Filter α} {X : ι → α → Ω → ℝ} {Z : ι → Ω' → ℝ} (h : ∀ i, TendstoInDistribution (X i) l (Z i) (fun _ => μ) ν) (hX : ∀ n, iIndepFun (fun i => X i n) μ) (hZ : iIndepFun Z ν) : TendstoInDistribution (fun n ω i => X i n ω) l (fun ω i => Z i ω) (fun _ => μ) ν := by have hm : ∀ n, AEMeasurable (fun ω i => X i n ω) μ := fun n => AEMeasurable.of_eval (fun i => (h i).forall_aemeasurable n) have hz : AEMeasurable (fun ω i => Z i ω) ν := AEMeasurable.of_eval (fun i => (h i).aemeasurable_limit) refine ⟨hm,hz,?_⟩ have hp := ProbabilityMeasure.continuous_pi.tendsto (fun i => (⟨ν.map (Z i), inferInstance⟩ : ProbabilityMeasure ℝ)) have ht := hp.comp (tendsto_pi_nhds.mpr (fun i => (h i).tendsto)) have heq (n : α) : (⟨μ.map (fun ω i => X i n ω), inferInstance⟩ : ProbabilityMeasure (ι → ℝ)) = ProbabilityMeasure.pi (fun i => (⟨μ.map (X i n), inferInstance⟩ : ProbabilityMeasure ℝ)) := by apply Subtype.ext exact iIndepFun.map_fun_eq_pi_map (fun i => (h i).forall_aemeasurable n) (hX n) have hzeq : (⟨ν.map (fun ω i => Z i ω), inferInstance⟩ : ProbabilityMeasure (ι → ℝ)) = ProbabilityMeasure.pi (fun i => (⟨ν.map (Z i), inferInstance⟩ : ProbabilityMeasure ℝ)) := by apply Subtype.ext exact iIndepFun.map_fun_eq_pi_map (fun i => (h i).aemeasurable_limit) hZ simp_rw [heq,hzeq] exact ht lemma identDistrib_pi_indep {ι Ω Ω' : Type*} [Fintype ι] [MeasurableSpace Ω] [MeasurableSpace Ω'] {μ : Measure Ω} {ν : Measure Ω'} [IsProbabilityMeasure μ] [IsProbabilityMeasure ν] {X : ι → Ω → ℝ} {Y : ι → Ω' → ℝ} (hX : iIndepFun X μ) (hY : iIndepFun Y ν) (h : ∀ i, IdentDistrib (X i) (Y i) μ ν) : IdentDistrib (fun ω i => X i ω) (fun ω i => Y i ω) μ ν := by refine ⟨AEMeasurable.of_eval (fun i => (h i).aemeasurable_fst), AEMeasurable.of_eval (fun i => (h i).aemeasurable_snd), ?_⟩ rw [iIndepFun.map_fun_eq_pi_map (fun i => (h i).aemeasurable_fst) hX, iIndepFun.map_fun_eq_pi_map (fun i => (h i).aemeasurable_snd) hY] congr 1 funext i exact (h i).map_eq lemma blockIndex_injective (m l : ℕ) : Function.Injective (fun ij : Fin m × Fin l => ij.1.val*l+ij.2.val) := by rintro ⟨i,j⟩ ⟨i',j'⟩ h change i.val*l+j.val = i'.val*l+j'.val at h have hii : i.val = i'.val := by by_contra hh rcases lt_or_gt_of_ne hh with hlt | hgt · have hp : (i.val+1)*l ≤ i'.val*l := Nat.mul_le_mul_right l hlt nlinarith [j.isLt,j'.isLt] · have hp : (i'.val+1)*l ≤ i.val*l := Nat.mul_le_mul_right l hgt nlinarith [j.isLt,j'.isLt] have hjj : j.val = j'.val := by rw [hii] at h exact Nat.add_left_cancel h exact Prod.ext (Fin.ext hii) (Fin.ext hjj) lemma identDistrib_iid_blocks {Ω : Type*} [MeasurableSpace Ω] {μ : Measure Ω} [IsProbabilityMeasure μ] (X : ℕ → Ω → ℝ) (hm : ∀ k, AEMeasurable (X k) μ) (hind : iIndepFun X μ) (hid : ∀ k, IdentDistrib (X k) (X 0) μ μ) (m l : ℕ) : IdentDistrib (fun ω (i : Fin m) => ∑ j : Fin l, X (i.val*l+j.val) ω) (fun ω : Fin m → Ω => fun i => ∑ j : Fin l, X j.val (ω i)) μ (Measure.pi (fun _ : Fin m => μ)) := by have hi₁ : iIndepFun (fun ij : Fin m × Fin l => X (ij.1.val*l+ij.2.val)) μ := hind.precomp (blockIndex_injective m l) have hi₂ : iIndepFun (fun ij : Fin m × Fin l => fun ω : Fin m → Ω => X ij.2.val (ω ij.1)) (Measure.pi (fun _ : Fin m => μ)) := iIndepFun_uncurry_pi (fun _ : Fin m => μ) (fun _ (j : Fin l) => X j.val) (fun _ j => hm j.val) (fun _ => hind.precomp Fin.val_injective) have he (ij : Fin m × Fin l) : IdentDistrib (X (ij.1.val*l+ij.2.val)) (fun ω : Fin m → Ω => X ij.2.val (ω ij.1)) μ (Measure.pi (fun _ : Fin m => μ)) := by have heval : IdentDistrib (fun ω : Fin m → Ω => X ij.2.val (ω ij.1)) (X ij.2.val) (Measure.pi (fun _ : Fin m => μ)) μ := by have hp := measurePreserving_eval (fun _ : Fin m => μ) ij.1 refine ⟨(hm _).comp_quasiMeasurePreserving hp.quasiMeasurePreserving,hm _,?_⟩ change (Measure.pi (fun _ : Fin m => μ)).map ((X ij.2.val) ∘ Function.eval ij.1) = μ.map (X ij.2.val) have ha : AEMeasurable (X ij.2.val) ((Measure.pi (fun _ : Fin m => μ)).map (Function.eval ij.1)) := hp.map_eq.symm ▸ hm _ rw [← AEMeasurable.map_map_of_aemeasurable ha hp.measurable.aemeasurable,hp.map_eq] exact ((hid _).trans (hid _).symm).trans heval.symm have hvec := identDistrib_pi_indep hi₁ hi₂ he exact hvec.comp (u := fun x (i : Fin m) => ∑ j : Fin l, x (i,j)) (by fun_prop) lemma tendstoInDistribution_transport {α E Ω₁ Ω₂ Ω₃ Ω₄ : Type*} [MeasurableSpace Ω₁] [MeasurableSpace Ω₂] [MeasurableSpace Ω₃] [MeasurableSpace Ω₄] [TopologicalSpace E] [MeasurableSpace E] [OpensMeasurableSpace E] {μ₁ : Measure Ω₁} {μ₂ : Measure Ω₂} {μ₃ : Measure Ω₃} {μ₄ : Measure Ω₄} [IsProbabilityMeasure μ₁] [IsProbabilityMeasure μ₂] [IsProbabilityMeasure μ₃] [IsProbabilityMeasure μ₄] {X : α → Ω₁ → E} {Y : α → Ω₂ → E} {Z : Ω₃ → E} {W : Ω₄ → E} {l : Filter α} (h : TendstoInDistribution X l Z (fun _ => μ₁) μ₃) (hXY : ∀ n, IdentDistrib (X n) (Y n) μ₁ μ₂) (hZW : IdentDistrib Z W μ₃ μ₄) : TendstoInDistribution Y l W (fun _ => μ₂) μ₄ := by refine ⟨fun n => (hXY n).aemeasurable_snd,hZW.aemeasurable_snd,?_⟩ have heq (n : α) : (⟨μ₂.map (Y n), inferInstance⟩ : ProbabilityMeasure E) = ⟨μ₁.map (X n), inferInstance⟩ := Subtype.ext (hXY n).map_eq.symm have hz : (⟨μ₄.map W, inferInstance⟩ : ProbabilityMeasure E) = ⟨μ₃.map Z, inferInstance⟩ := Subtype.ext hZW.map_eq.symm simp_rw [heq,hz] exact h.tendsto lemma tendstoInDistribution_reindex {α β E Ω Ω' : Type*} [MeasurableSpace Ω] [MeasurableSpace Ω'] [TopologicalSpace E] [MeasurableSpace E] [OpensMeasurableSpace E] {μ : Measure Ω} {ν : Measure Ω'} [IsProbabilityMeasure μ] [IsProbabilityMeasure ν] {X : α → Ω → E} {Z : Ω' → E} {l : Filter α} {l' : Filter β} {f : β → α} (h : TendstoInDistribution X l Z (fun _ => μ) ν) (hf : Tendsto f l' l) : TendstoInDistribution (fun n => X (f n)) l' Z (fun _ => μ) ν := ⟨fun n => h.forall_aemeasurable (f n), h.aemeasurable_limit,h.tendsto.comp hf⟩ lemma identDistrib_comp_measurePreserving {Ω Ω' E : Type*} [MeasurableSpace Ω] [MeasurableSpace Ω'] [MeasurableSpace E] {μ : Measure Ω} {ν : Measure Ω'} {f : Ω' → Ω} {X : Ω → E} (hf : MeasurePreserving f ν μ) (hX : AEMeasurable X μ) : IdentDistrib (X ∘ f) X ν μ := by refine ⟨hX.comp_quasiMeasurePreserving hf.quasiMeasurePreserving,hX,?_⟩ have ha : AEMeasurable X (ν.map f) := hf.map_eq.symm ▸ hX rw [← AEMeasurable.map_map_of_aemeasurable ha hf.measurable.aemeasurable,hf.map_eq] lemma iid_block_standard_CLT {Ω Ω' : Type*} [MeasurableSpace Ω] [MeasurableSpace Ω'] {μ : Measure Ω} {ν : Measure Ω'} [IsProbabilityMeasure μ] [IsProbabilityMeasure ν] (X : ℕ → Ω → ℝ) (h0 : ∫ ω, X 0 ω ∂μ = 0) (h1 : ∫ ω, (X 0 ω)^2 ∂μ = 1) (hind : iIndepFun X μ) (hid : ∀ k, IdentDistrib (X k) (X 0) μ μ) {m : ℕ} (Z : Fin m → Ω' → ℝ) (hZ : ∀ i, HasLaw (Z i) (gaussianReal 0 1) ν) (hindZ : iIndepFun Z ν) : TendstoInDistribution (fun (l : ℕ) ω (i : Fin m) => (Real.sqrt l)⁻¹ * ∑ j : Fin l, X (i.val*l+j.val) ω) atTop (fun ω i => Z i ω) (fun _ => μ) ν := by let S : ℕ → Ω → ℝ := fun l ω => (Real.sqrt l)⁻¹ * ∑ k ∈ Finset.range l, X k ω have hm (l) : AEMeasurable (S l) μ := (Finset.aemeasurable_fun_sum _ (fun k _ => (hid k).aemeasurable_fst)).const_mul _ have hv (i : Fin m) : TendstoInDistribution (fun l (ω : Fin m → Ω) => S l (ω i)) atTop (Z i) (fun _ => Measure.pi (fun _ : Fin m => μ)) ν := by have hc := tendstoInDistribution_inv_sqrt_mul_sum (hZ i) h0 h1 hind hid apply tendstoInDistribution_transport hc (fun l => (identDistrib_comp_measurePreserving (measurePreserving_eval (fun _ : Fin m => μ) i) (hm l)).symm) (IdentDistrib.refl (hZ i).aemeasurable) have hj := tendstoInDistribution_pi_indep hv (fun l => iIndepFun_pi (fun _ : Fin m => hm l)) hindZ apply tendstoInDistribution_transport hj (fun l => ?_) (IdentDistrib.refl (AEMeasurable.of_eval (fun i => (hZ i).aemeasurable))) have hblk := (identDistrib_iid_blocks X (fun k => (hid k).aemeasurable_fst) hind hid m l).symm have hh := hblk.comp (u := fun x (i : Fin m) => (Real.sqrt l)⁻¹ * x i) (by fun_prop) change IdentDistrib (fun ω : Fin m → Ω => fun i => (Real.sqrt l)⁻¹ * ∑ j : Fin l, X j.val (ω i)) (fun ω i => (Real.sqrt l)⁻¹ * ∑ j : Fin l, X (i.val*l+j.val) ω) _ _ at hh have heq : (fun ω : Fin m → Ω => fun i => (Real.sqrt l)⁻¹ * ∑ j : Fin l, X j.val (ω i)) = (fun ω : Fin m → Ω => fun i => S l (ω i)) := by funext ω i dsimp [S] rw [Fin.sum_univ_eq_sum_range (fun k => X k (ω i)) l] rw [heq] at hh exact hh lemma nat_div_ratio_tendsto {m : ℕ} (hm : 0 < m) : Tendsto (fun n : ℕ => ((n/m:ℕ):ℝ)/(n:ℝ)) atTop (𝓝 ((m:ℝ)⁻¹)) := by have ht := ((tendsto_const_nhds (x := (1:ℝ))).sub (tendsto_mod_div_atTop_nhds_zero_nat hm)).div_const (m:ℝ) have hlim : ((1:ℝ)-0)/(m:ℝ) = (m:ℝ)⁻¹ := by simp rw [hlim] at ht apply ht.congr' filter_upwards [eventually_gt_atTop 0] with n hn have he : (n:ℝ) = (m:ℝ)*((n/m:ℕ):ℝ)+((n%m:ℕ):ℝ) := by exact_mod_cast (Nat.div_add_mod n m).symm have hm0 : (m:ℝ) ≠ 0 := by positivity have hn0 : (n:ℝ) ≠ 0 := by positivity field_simp nlinarith lemma sqrt_nat_div_ratio_tendsto {m : ℕ} (hm : 0 < m) : Tendsto (fun n : ℕ => Real.sqrt ((n/m:ℕ):ℝ) / Real.sqrt n) atTop (𝓝 ((Real.sqrt m)⁻¹)) := by have ht := (nat_div_ratio_tendsto hm).sqrt simpa only [Real.sqrt_div (Nat.cast_nonneg _), Real.sqrt_inv] using ht lemma iid_block_scaled_CLT {Ω Ω' : Type*} [MeasurableSpace Ω] [MeasurableSpace Ω'] {μ : Measure Ω} {ν : Measure Ω'} [IsProbabilityMeasure μ] [IsProbabilityMeasure ν] (X : ℕ → Ω → ℝ) (h0 : ∫ ω, X 0 ω ∂μ = 0) (h1 : ∫ ω, (X 0 ω)^2 ∂μ = 1) (hind : iIndepFun X μ) (hid : ∀ k, IdentDistrib (X k) (X 0) μ μ) {m : ℕ} (hm : 0 < m) (Z : Fin m → Ω' → ℝ) (hZ : ∀ i, HasLaw (Z i) (gaussianReal 0 1) ν) (hindZ : iIndepFun Z ν) : TendstoInDistribution (fun (n : ℕ) ω (i : Fin m) => (∑ j : Fin (n/m), X (i.val*(n/m)+j.val) ω)/Real.sqrt n) atTop (fun ω i => (Real.sqrt m)⁻¹ * Z i ω) (fun _ => μ) ν := by have hc := tendstoInDistribution_reindex (iid_block_standard_CLT X h0 h1 hind hid Z hZ hindZ) (Nat.tendsto_div_const_atTop hm.ne') have hr : TendstoInMeasure μ (fun n (_ : Ω) => Real.sqrt ((n/m:ℕ):ℝ)/Real.sqrt n) atTop (fun _ => (Real.sqrt m)⁻¹) := by exact tendstoInMeasure_of_tendsto_ae (fun _ => aestronglyMeasurable_const) (ae_of_all μ (fun _ => sqrt_nat_div_ratio_tendsto hm)) have hmul := hc.continuous_comp_prodMk_of_tendstoInMeasure_const (g := fun x : (Fin m → ℝ) × ℝ => fun i => x.2*x.1 i) (by fun_prop) hr (fun _ => aemeasurable_const) apply hmul.congr (fun n => ae_of_all μ (fun ω => ?_)) (ae_of_all ν (fun _ => rfl)) funext i change (Real.sqrt ((n/m:ℕ):ℝ)/Real.sqrt n) * ((Real.sqrt ((n/m:ℕ):ℝ))⁻¹ * ∑ j : Fin (n/m), X (i.val*(n/m)+j.val) ω) = _ have hsum : (∑ j : Fin (n/m), X (i.val*(n/m)+j.val) ω) = ∑ j ∈ Finset.range (n/m), X (i.val*(n/m)+j) ω := Fin.sum_univ_eq_sum_range (fun j => X (i.val*(n/m)+j) ω) (n/m) rw [hsum] by_cases hl : n/m = 0 · simp [hl] · have hlt : (0:ℝ) < (n/m:ℕ) := Nat.cast_pos.mpr (Nat.pos_of_ne_zero hl) have hsn : Real.sqrt ((n/m:ℕ):ℝ) ≠ 0 := (Real.sqrt_pos.mpr hlt).ne' field_simp local instance : MeasurableSpace C(unitInterval, ℝ) := borel _ local instance : BorelSpace C(unitInterval, ℝ) := ⟨rfl⟩ def gridTime (m : ℕ) (i : Fin (m+1)) : ℝ≥0 := ⟨(i.val:ℝ)/(m:ℝ), by positivity⟩ lemma gridTime_mono (m : ℕ) : Monotone (gridTime m) := by intro i j hij change (i.val:ℝ)/(m:ℝ) ≤ (j.val:ℝ)/(m:ℝ) exact div_le_div_of_nonneg_right (Nat.cast_le.mpr hij) (Nat.cast_nonneg m) def meshIncrement {Ω : Type*} (B : ℝ≥0 → Ω → ℝ) (m : ℕ) (i : Fin m) (ω : Ω) : ℝ := B (gridTime m i.succ) ω-B (gridTime m i.castSucc) ω lemma brownian_mesh_independent {Ω : Type*} [MeasurableSpace Ω] {μ : Measure Ω} {B : ℝ≥0 → Ω → ℝ} (hB : IsPreBrownianReal B μ) (m : ℕ) : iIndepFun (meshIncrement B m) μ := hB.hasIndepIncrements m (gridTime m) (gridTime_mono m) lemma brownian_mesh_hasLaw {Ω : Type*} [MeasurableSpace Ω] {μ : Measure Ω} {B : ℝ≥0 → Ω → ℝ} (hB : IsPreBrownianReal B μ) {m : ℕ} (i : Fin m) : HasLaw (meshIncrement B m i) (gaussianReal 0 ((m:ℝ≥0)⁻¹)) μ := by have h := hB.hasLaw_sub (gridTime m i.succ) (gridTime m i.castSucc) have hd : nndist (gridTime m i.succ).val (gridTime m i.castSucc).val = (m:ℝ≥0)⁻¹ := by apply NNReal.coe_injective change |((i.val+1:ℕ):ℝ)/(m:ℝ)-(i.val:ℝ)/(m:ℝ)| = (m:ℝ)⁻¹ rw [← sub_div, Nat.cast_add, Nat.cast_one] simp only [add_sub_cancel_left, one_div, abs_inv, abs_of_nonneg (show (0:ℝ) ≤ m from Nat.cast_nonneg m)] change HasLaw (B (gridTime m i.succ) - B (gridTime m i.castSucc)) _ _ simpa only [hd] using h lemma brownian_normalized_mesh_hasLaw {Ω : Type*} [MeasurableSpace Ω] {μ : Measure Ω} {B : ℝ≥0 → Ω → ℝ} (hB : IsPreBrownianReal B μ) {m : ℕ} (hm : 0 < m) (i : Fin m) : HasLaw (fun ω => Real.sqrt m * meshIncrement B m i ω) (gaussianReal 0 1) μ := by have h := gaussianReal_const_mul (brownian_mesh_hasLaw hB i) (Real.sqrt m) convert h using 1 congr 1 · simp · apply NNReal.coe_injective simp [Real.sq_sqrt, Nat.cast_nonneg, ne_of_gt hm] def brownianPath {Ω : Type*} (B : ℝ≥0 → Ω → ℝ) (ω : Ω) : C(unitInterval, ℝ) := ContinuousMap.mkD (fun t => B ⟨(t:ℝ),t.property.1⟩ ω) 0 lemma brownianPath_ae_eq {Ω : Type*} [MeasurableSpace Ω] {μ : Measure Ω} {B : ℝ≥0 → Ω → ℝ} (hB : IsBrownianReal B μ) : ∀ᵐ ω ∂μ, ∀ t : unitInterval, brownianPath B ω t = B ⟨(t:ℝ),t.property.1⟩ ω := by filter_upwards [hB.cont] with ω hω intro t exact ContinuousMap.mkD_apply_of_continuous (hω.comp (by fun_prop)) lemma brownianPath_aemeasurable {Ω : Type*} [MeasurableSpace Ω] {μ : Measure Ω} {B : ℝ≥0 → Ω → ℝ} (hB : IsBrownianReal B μ) : AEMeasurable (brownianPath B) μ := by have hem : MeasurableEmbedding (fun f : C(unitInterval, ℝ) => fun n : ℕ => f (TopologicalSpace.denseSeq unitInterval n)) := by apply Continuous.measurableEmbedding · apply continuous_pi intro n fun_prop · intro f g hfg apply ContinuousMap.ext exact congrFun ((TopologicalSpace.denseRange_denseSeq unitInterval).equalizer f.continuous g.continuous hfg) apply hem.aemeasurable_comp_iff.mp apply AEMeasurable.of_eval intro n apply (hB.aemeasurable _).congr filter_upwards [brownianPath_ae_eq hB] with ω hω exact (hω _).symm lemma cumulative_mesh {Ω : Type*} (B : ℝ≥0 → Ω → ℝ) (m : ℕ) (ω : Ω) (i : Fin (m+1)) : cumulative m (fun j => meshIncrement B m j ω) i = B (gridTime m i) ω-B 0 ω := by let g : ℕ → ℝ := fun k => B ⟨(k:ℝ)/(m:ℝ), by positivity⟩ ω have he0 : g 0 = B 0 ω := by simp only [g,Nat.cast_zero,zero_div] rfl rw [← he0] change cumulative m (fun j => g (j.val+1)-g j.val) i = g i.val-g 0 rw [cumulative_nat m (fun j => g (j+1)-g j) i,Finset.sum_range_sub] lemma coarseWalk_CLT {Ω Ω' : Type*} [MeasurableSpace Ω] [MeasurableSpace Ω'] {μ : Measure Ω} {ν : Measure Ω'} [IsProbabilityMeasure μ] [IsProbabilityMeasure ν] (X : ℕ → Ω → ℝ) (h0 : ∫ ω, X 0 ω ∂μ = 0) (h1 : ∫ ω, (X 0 ω)^2 ∂μ = 1) (hind : iIndepFun X μ) (hid : ∀ k, IdentDistrib (X k) (X 0) μ μ) {B : ℝ≥0 → Ω' → ℝ} (hB : IsBrownianReal B ν) {m : ℕ} (hm : 0 < m) : TendstoInDistribution (coarseWalk X m) atTop (fun ω => pathApprox m (brownianPath B ω)) (fun _ => μ) ν := by have hc := iid_block_scaled_CLT X h0 h1 hind hid hm (fun i ω => Real.sqrt m*meshIncrement B m i ω) (brownian_normalized_mesh_hasLaw hB.toIsPreBrownianReal hm) ((brownian_mesh_independent hB.toIsPreBrownianReal m).comp (fun _ x => Real.sqrt m*x) (by fun_prop)) have hs : Real.sqrt (m:ℝ) ≠ 0 := (Real.sqrt_pos.mpr (Nat.cast_pos.mpr hm)).ne' have hcm : TendstoInDistribution (fun (n : ℕ) ω (i : Fin m) => (∑ j : Fin (n/m), X (i.val*(n/m)+j.val) ω)/Real.sqrt n) atTop (fun ω i => meshIncrement B m i ω) (fun _ => μ) ν := hc.congr (fun _ => ae_of_all μ (fun _ => rfl)) (ae_of_all ν (fun ω => by funext i exact inv_mul_cancel_left₀ hs _)) have hp := hcm.continuous_comp ((continuous_interpolation m).comp (continuous_cumulative m)) apply hp.congr (fun n => ae_of_all μ (fun ω => coarseWalk_eq_cumulative X m n ω)) filter_upwards [brownianPath_ae_eq hB,hB.eval_zero_ae_eq_zero] with ω hω hzero change interpolation m _ = interpolation m _ congr 1 funext i rw [cumulative_mesh,hzero,sub_zero] exact (hω (gridPoint m i)).symm lemma integral_lipschitz_approx_bound {E Ω : Type*} [PseudoMetricSpace E] [MeasurableSpace E] [BorelSpace E] [SecondCountableTopology E] [MeasurableSpace Ω] {μ : Measure Ω} [IsProbabilityMeasure μ] {X Y : Ω → E} (hX : AEMeasurable X μ) (hY : AEMeasurable Y μ) {F : E → ℝ} {M : ℝ} (hM : ∀ x y, dist (F x) (F y) ≤ M) {L : ℝ≥0} (hL : LipschitzWith L F) {δ : ℝ} (hδ : 0 ≤ δ) : |(∫ ω, F (X ω) ∂μ) - ∫ ω, F (Y ω) ∂μ| ≤ L*δ + M*μ.real {ω | δ ≤ dist (X ω) (Y ω)} := by have hne : Nonempty Ω := nonempty_of_isProbabilityMeasure μ let x₀ := X (Classical.choice hne) have h_int (Z : Ω → E) (hZ : AEMeasurable Z μ) : Integrable (fun ω => F (Z ω)) μ := by refine Integrable.of_bound ((hL.continuous.measurable.comp_aemeasurable hZ).aestronglyMeasurable) (‖F x₀‖+M) (ae_of_all μ (fun ω => ?_)) have h := hM (Z ω) x₀ rw [Real.dist_eq] at h simpa only [Real.norm_eq_abs] using (show |F (Z ω)| ≤ |F x₀|+M from by linarith [abs_sub_abs_le_abs_sub (F (Z ω)) (F x₀)]) have hi : Integrable (fun ω => F (X ω)-F (Y ω)) μ := (h_int X hX).sub (h_int Y hY) have his := hi.norm have hset : NullMeasurableSet {ω | dist (X ω) (Y ω) < δ} μ := nullMeasurableSet_lt (hX.dist hY) aemeasurable_const rw [← integral_sub (h_int X hX) (h_int Y hY), ← Real.norm_eq_abs] calc ‖∫ ω, F (X ω)-F (Y ω) ∂μ‖ ≤ ∫ ω, ‖F (X ω)-F (Y ω)‖ ∂μ := norm_integral_le_integral_norm _ _ = (∫ ω in {ω | dist (X ω) (Y ω) < δ}, ‖F (X ω)-F (Y ω)‖ ∂μ) + ∫ ω in {ω | δ ≤ dist (X ω) (Y ω)}, ‖F (X ω)-F (Y ω)‖ ∂μ := by symm simpa only [Set.compl_ofPred, not_lt] using integral_add_compl₀ hset his _ ≤ (∫ _ in {ω | dist (X ω) (Y ω) < δ}, (L : ℝ)*δ ∂μ) + ∫ _ in {ω | δ ≤ dist (X ω) (Y ω)}, M ∂μ := by apply add_le_add · apply setIntegral_mono_on₀ his.integrableOn integrableOn_const hset intro ω hω rw [← dist_eq_norm] exact (hL.dist_le_mul _ _).trans (mul_le_mul_of_nonneg_left hω.le L.coe_nonneg) · apply setIntegral_mono his.integrableOn integrableOn_const intro ω exact hM _ _ _ = (L:ℝ)*δ*μ.real {ω | dist (X ω) (Y ω) < δ} + M*μ.real {ω | δ ≤ dist (X ω) (Y ω)} := by simp only [integral_const, measureReal_restrict_apply, MeasurableSet.univ, Set.univ_inter, smul_eq_mul] ring _ ≤ _ := by exact add_le_add (by calc (L:ℝ)*δ*μ.real {ω | dist (X ω) (Y ω) < δ} ≤ (L:ℝ)*δ*1 := mul_le_mul_of_nonneg_left measureReal_le_one (mul_nonneg L.coe_nonneg hδ) _ = (L:ℝ)*δ := mul_one _) le_rfl theorem tendstoInDistribution_of_approximations {E Ω Ω' : Type*} [PseudoMetricSpace E] [MeasurableSpace E] [BorelSpace E] [SecondCountableTopology E] [MeasurableSpace Ω] [MeasurableSpace Ω'] {μ : Measure Ω} {ν : Measure Ω'} [IsProbabilityMeasure μ] [IsProbabilityMeasure ν] {X : ℕ → Ω → E} {Y : Ω' → E} {A : ℕ → ℕ → Ω → E} {B : ℕ → Ω' → E} (hX : ∀ n, AEMeasurable (X n) μ) (hY : AEMeasurable Y ν) (hAB : ∀ m, TendstoInDistribution (A m) atTop (B m) (fun _ => μ) ν) (ha : ∀ δ > 0, ∀ η > 0, ∃ m, (∀ᶠ n in atTop, μ.real {ω | δ ≤ dist (X n ω) (A m n ω)} ≤ η) ∧ ν.real {ω | δ ≤ dist (Y ω) (B m ω)} ≤ η) : TendstoInDistribution X atTop Y (fun _ => μ) ν := by refine ⟨hX,hY,?_⟩ apply tendsto_iff_forall_lipschitz_integral_tendsto.mpr rintro F ⟨M,hM⟩ ⟨L,hL⟩ have hne : Nonempty Ω' := nonempty_of_isProbabilityMeasure ν have hM0 : 0 ≤ M := by simpa using hM (Y (Classical.choice hne)) (Y (Classical.choice hne)) change Tendsto (fun n => ∫ ω, F ω ∂(μ.map (X n))) atTop (𝓝 (∫ ω, F ω ∂(ν.map Y))) simp_rw [integral_map (hX _) hL.continuous.aestronglyMeasurable, integral_map hY hL.continuous.aestronglyMeasurable] rw [Metric.tendsto_nhds] intro ε hε let δ := ε/(8*((L:ℝ)+1)) let η := ε/(8*(M+1)) have hδ : 0 < δ := by dsimp [δ]; positivity have hη : 0 < η := by dsimp [η]; positivity have hLd : (L:ℝ)*δ ≤ ε/8 := by dsimp [δ] rw [← mul_div_assoc, div_le_iff₀ (by positivity : 0 < 8*((L:ℝ)+1))] nlinarith [L.coe_nonneg] have hMe : M*η ≤ ε/8 := by dsimp [η] rw [← mul_div_assoc, div_le_iff₀ (by positivity : 0 < 8*(M+1))] nlinarith obtain ⟨m,hm,hb⟩ := ha δ hδ η hη have hmid := (tendsto_iff_forall_lipschitz_integral_tendsto.mp (hAB m).tendsto) F ⟨M,hM⟩ ⟨L,hL⟩ change Tendsto (fun n => ∫ ω, F ω ∂(μ.map (A m n))) atTop (𝓝 (∫ ω, F ω ∂(ν.map (B m)))) at hmid simp_rw [integral_map ((hAB m).forall_aemeasurable _) hL.continuous.aestronglyMeasurable, integral_map (hAB m).aemeasurable_limit hL.continuous.aestronglyMeasurable] at hmid have hme := (Metric.tendsto_nhds.mp hmid) (ε/4) (by positivity) filter_upwards [hm,hme] with n hn hnmid have hbnd₁ := integral_lipschitz_approx_bound (hX n) ((hAB m).forall_aemeasurable n) hM hL hδ.le have hbnd₂ := integral_lipschitz_approx_bound hY (hAB m).aemeasurable_limit hM hL hδ.le have hsum := abs_sub_le (∫ ω, F (X n ω) ∂μ) (∫ ω, F (A m n ω) ∂μ) (∫ ω, F (Y ω) ∂ν) have hsum₂ := abs_sub_le (∫ ω, F (A m n ω) ∂μ) (∫ ω, F (B m ω) ∂ν) (∫ ω, F (Y ω) ∂ν) rw [abs_sub_comm (∫ ω, F (B m ω) ∂ν) (∫ ω, F (Y ω) ∂ν)] at hsum₂ rw [Real.dist_eq] at hnmid ⊢ have hpe₁ := mul_le_mul_of_nonneg_left hn hM0 have hpe₂ := mul_le_mul_of_nonneg_left hb hM0 linarith theorem iid_scaledWalk_CLT {Ω Ω' : Type*} [MeasurableSpace Ω] [MeasurableSpace Ω'] {μ : Measure Ω} {ν : Measure Ω'} [IsProbabilityMeasure μ] [IsProbabilityMeasure ν] (X : ℕ → Ω → ℝ) (hXm : ∀ k, Measurable (X k)) (hX₂ : MemLp (X 0) 2 μ) (h0 : ∫ ω, X 0 ω ∂μ = 0) (h1 : ∫ ω, (X 0 ω)^2 ∂μ = 1) (hind : iIndepFun X μ) (hid : ∀ k, IdentDistrib (X k) (X 0) μ μ) {B : ℝ≥0 → Ω' → ℝ} (hB : IsBrownianReal B ν) : TendstoInDistribution (scaledWalk X) atTop (brownianPath B) (fun _ => μ) ν := by apply tendstoInDistribution_of_approximations (fun n => (scaledWalk_measurable X hXm n).aemeasurable) (brownianPath_aemeasurable hB) (A := fun m => coarseWalk X (m+1)) (B := fun m ω => pathApprox (m+1) (brownianPath B ω)) (fun m => coarseWalk_CLT X h0 h1 hind hid hB (Nat.succ_pos m)) intro δ hδ η hη obtain ⟨k,hk,hmod⟩ := iid_scaledWalk_modulus X hXm hX₂ hind hid h0 (half_pos hδ) hη have hb := (tendstoInMeasure_iff_measureReal_dist.mp (pathApprox_random_tendstoInMeasure (brownianPath B) (brownianPath_aemeasurable hB))) δ hδ obtain ⟨N,hN⟩ := eventually_atTop.mp (hb.eventually (gt_mem_nhds hη)) let m := max N (2*k) have hmk : 2*k ≤ m+1 := le_trans (le_max_right _ _) (Nat.le_succ _) have hNM : N ≤ m+1 := le_trans (le_max_left _ _) (Nat.le_succ _) have hmesh : 2/((m+1:ℕ):ℝ) ≤ 1/(k:ℝ) := by rw [div_le_div_iff₀ (Nat.cast_pos.mpr (Nat.succ_pos m)) (Nat.cast_pos.mpr hk),one_mul] exact_mod_cast hmk refine ⟨m,?_,?_⟩ · filter_upwards [eventually_ge_atTop (max k ((m+1)*(m+1)))] with n hn apply le_trans (measureReal_mono ?_) (hmod n (le_trans (le_max_left _ _) hn)) intro ω hω by_contra hh change ¬∃ s t : unitInterval, dist s t ≤ 1/(k:ℝ) ∧ δ/2 < |scaledWalk X n ω s-scaledWalk X n ω t| at hh push Not at hh have he := coarseWalk_error_le X (Nat.succ_pos m) (le_trans (le_max_right _ _) hn) ω (half_pos hδ).le (fun s t hst => hh s t (hst.trans hmesh)) have hd : dist (scaledWalk X n ω) (coarseWalk X (m+1) n ω) ≤ δ/2 := by rw [dist_comm,dist_eq_norm] exact he exact (not_lt_of_ge hω) (hd.trans_lt (half_lt_self hδ)) · simpa only [dist_comm] using (hN (m+1) hNM).le end FKCRT.TreeCoding end end OAI