---
license: cc-by-sa-4.0
pretty_name: Russian Foreign Words
language:
- ru
tags:
- russian
- dictionary
size_categories:
- 10K<n<100K
---

# Russian Foreign Words

This dataset is based on the [Dictionary of Foreign Words](https://ruslang.ru/sites/default/files/doc/normativnyje_slovari/slovar_inostr_slov.pdf) developed by the Institute for Linguistic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

## Usage

The dataset can be loaded using the Hugging Face `datasets` library.

```python
from datasets import load_dataset

dataset = load_dataset("rustemgareev/russian-foreign-words", split='train')
```

## Dataset Structure

Each entry in the dataset represents a dictionary article and is stored as a JSON object with the following fields:

- **`id`** (`string`): Unique identifier for the entry (e.g., `"kafe"`). Generated from the headword and optional homonym number (e.g., `"kafedra_1"`).
- **`headword`** (`string`): The headword in lowercase, without stress marks. Used for easy searching and matching (e.g., `"кафе"`).
- **`headword_stressed`** (`string`): The headword in lowercase with stress mark (U+0301). Preserves the original pronunciation guide (e.g., `"кафе́"`).
- **`homonym_number`** (`integer` or `null`): Homonym index if the headword has multiple entries (e.g., `1`, `2`). `null` if there's only one entry.
- **`grammar`** (`string`): Raw grammatical information extracted from the source (e.g., `"нескл., ср."` for indeclinable neuter).
- **`etymology`** (`string` or `null`): Etymology of the word, typically enclosed in square brackets in the source (e.g., `"франц. café < café кофе < араб. qahwa"`).
- **`source_language`** (`string` or `null`): The origin language extracted from the etymology field. Uses ISO 639-1 two-letter codes for most languages (e.g., `"fr"` for French, `"ar"` for Arabic); for Ancient Greek, the three-letter code `"grc"` (ISO 639-3) is used. `null` if language cannot be determined.
- **`see_also`** (`string` or `null`): Cross-reference to another entry. Present when the article is a redirect or suggests looking up another word (e.g., `"СМ. АВИАЦИЯ"`).
- **`senses`** (`array` of objects): List of meanings (senses) for the headword. Each object contains the following fields:
    - **`number`** (`integer` or `null`): The sense number if multiple meanings exist. `null` for single-meaning entries or introductory text.
    - **`domain`** (`string` or `null`): Subject area or domain label (e.g., `"В музыке"` – "In music"). Applies to the specific sense.
    - **`style_label`** (`string` or `null`): Stylistic or register label (e.g., `"Разговорное"` – "Colloquial"). Note that abbreviations like `"Разг."` are expanded to full forms during processing.
    - **`definition`** (`string`): The definition or explanation of the sense.
    - **`examples`** (`array` of strings): Usage examples illustrating the sense in context. Each example is split into individual sentences.
    - **`collocations`** (`array` of objects): Common phrases or compound terms related to the sense. Each object has:
        - **`text`** (`string`): The phrase itself.
        - **`definition`** (`string`): Optional explanation of the phrase.

### Example Entry

```json
{
  "id": "kafe",
  "headword": "кафе",
  "headword_stressed": "кафе́",
  "homonym_number": null,
  "grammar": "нескл., ср.",
  "etymology": "франц. café < café кофе < араб. qahwa",
  "source_language": "fr",
  "see_also": null,
  "senses": [
    {
      "number": null,
      "domain": null,
      "style_label": null,
      "definition": "Предприятие общественного питания более низкого класса, чем ресторан, с подачей закусок, несложных горячих блюд, напитков, кондитерских изделий",
      "examples": [
        "Дорогое, дешевое кафе.",
        "Летнее кафе.",
        "Снять кафе для проведения банкета.",
        "Работать поваром, официантом в кафе.",
        "Пообедать в кафе."
      ],
      "collocations": []
    }
  ]
}
```

## License

The dataset is distributed under the [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) license.