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+  "text": " So before we go into Maya and build this muscle here or those muscles, I want to take a look at some references I said. And this is going to be live, so I haven't prepared too much for this. So bear with me, especially with Google Image Search or also YouTube, you never know what you're going to find. I hope that we won't find any too offensive pictures or anything like that, but bear with me and keep in mind that this is all for reference and we have to look at real people and real pictures and real videos so that we can learn and understand how our body works and how the anatomy works and how the muscle jiggle works and how fat jiggle works and so on and so forth. So I did compile a bunch of videos for you guys to watch down here in that lower section at PDF that I'm going to share with you guys. So there are some extreme videos from bodybuilders and then we have some belly jiggles, some obese people here as well, some girls dancing and so on and so forth. We also have some ballet down here in that section. We have some models, some female models in lingerie, walking the catwalk. So if you find any of these things offensive, then please don't watch these videos. Obviously, I don't want offend anybody. But again, you know, I think it is very important to look at reference because if you just say, oh yeah, I know how, you know, a belly jiggle works or yeah, I know how, you know, it looks if something moves. It's one thing to think that you know how it works and it's another thing to actually see for yourself how real life is behaving and how that works. So with that, let's go in And let's just do a live image search here on Google. And I want to point out a couple of things and talk about a couple of things while we're looking for that stuff here. So usually what I do, if I look for reference, I just type in anatomy or muscles or something like that. And then I come here to images in Google. And then we can already find a lot of reference here for joint layout, joint structures, and so on, and also muscles here. Let's scroll through a couple hundred of these and see if there's anything interesting. I mainly want to focus on the muscles, not so much on the joints anymore or bones at this point. But, you know, so anatomy can be a good resource so we can see like how these muscles are laid out in the body. A probably better search term will be muscle or muscles. And here again, I mean, just looking through these images, seeing how the muscles are, you know, in the body and how they are in motion. So we can see quite a lot from these kind of images. You have to be a little bit careful with, you know, looking at reference though. Sometimes, you know, those are artistic interpretations that might not represent 100% a real thing. Perhaps you've heard or maybe you've even visited the Body Worlds exhibition. I think this is a kind of real life. So this I think is a good reference, but I wanted to show here a couple of things. So in some of these images you see more muscles, and in some images you see lesser muscles. So for example here I think it is simplified a little bit. We kind of like see the deltoids and biceps and lower arm muscles, and the abs here and pecs and sternomastoid appear on the arm and the leg muscles. And here we also see like a simplified version kind of of those muscles. And there are also some color coded ones here. I think those are great because they really show like, you know, the different muscle groups here. So let's see if I can make this bigger. Here we go. So we can clearly see the packs, the back muscles here, triceps and we even get all the names. The names are not so important for me anyways, to know all these names. I don't know, know all the technical terms for all the letter names for all these muscle groups. But it's important to know where the muscles are, what kind of shape and form they have, from where they start and where they end and so on and so forth. So I think these kind of images are great. Then there are also a few other ones here, even more simplified. Let's see if we can open this one. The back muscles is kind of like a big muscle group here. Pax is also a big muscle. Maybe those leg muscles here, quadriceps, quads. And then biceps is a big muscle. I think this is probably the most common one known. You know, if you think about a muscle, you probably think about biceps and biceps bulging with bodybuilders and so on. And then we have the deltoids here on the shoulders. So just looking at these images, if you're not familiar with muscles, I think it's a great starting point to get familiar with the different areas where we have muscles and where we might see them. Then the next thing that we can already see here is looking at people, looking at bodybuilders, for example, because bodybuilders are an extreme form of muscles. So we can clearly see here, even from the outside, the pecs, the chest muscles here, and the biceps, kind of like this one right here, and the triceps here in the back a little bit, and the deltoid here again, deltoid muscle, right? So we can kind of like see where it is. And also if we go back and forth between, you know, like real people and anatomy pictures, then we can clearly see where these muscles are, like deltoid up here, so that would be this one, and so on and so forth. And then here we can see the six pack. So the ep muscles here for the stomach and then here from the back we have some back pictures also again we can see here the form that the deltoid the shoulder muscle is making and back muscle here this area then we have the lat, the tisimus muscle kind of like here the back and so on and so forth. So just stepping through with some people you can see them a little bit better with some people a little bit, it's a little bit harder to tell where these individual muscles are. I think here is probably one, maybe here is another one, and that probably is one muscle here, the triceps and so on and so forth. Again, you know, that's why we're looking at these extreme images, like to see where the muscles are in the body and like kind of how they are. If we look at a little bit more normal people, there will be a lot more toned down obviously, but But everybody still has the same muscles. Like every human, even if they're obese or have a lot of body fat, they will still have these muscles. They will just be covered in fat so we won't be able to see them from the outside. And then obviously if you are rigging a character that has a big belly or something like that, then you probably don't need to build these ab muscles. I think these muscles or muscles in general in computer graphics are mainly useful. To be honest with you, I don't even think they're that useful for humans. I think they're mainly useful for animals. For example, if you have big animals like dinosaurs and you have a leg that needs to jiggle or something like that, I think for those kind of things, characters, muscle setups are useful to have for humans. I personally have my doubts if it's that useful, but I still want to talk about the concepts here and look a little bit at anatomy as well. So as we said, anatomy pictures, really great resource and seeing the different shapes and everything, although if we type in something else, for example, muscle or actually body builder, we can probably see some more extreme forms of muscles and layout. This is quite extreme here, obviously. And again, with image search, Google image search, you never know really what you're getting here. But with all of that, if we look at muscles here again one more time, and maybe human, let's see if we can find another good one. It's all muscle pictures. Here is maybe a little. Even this is probably not really normal, trying to find a normal kind of person here. The thing with anatomy or looking at humans, it's not very helpful, obviously, to look at humans with clothing because we can't really see what the skin underneath there is doing. But also, obviously, don't want to look at naked pictures here. You can put it on your own if you want. But I kind of want to see if we can find one here. Like, obviously, these are all bodybuilders here, or doing pretty fit. But in any case, you can look at it for yourself. But what I wanted to say here is that looking at pictures is one thing. Looking at the different shapes and everything is one thing that we need to be aware of and make ourselves familiar with how it needs to look, the shapes. The other thing that we need to look at is bodies in motion. And so for images, obviously Google Image Search is great. For motion, YouTube I found is pretty great. And I compile a couple of videos here, as I said earlier, so we can start looking at some of those, but I also want you guys to look at those and maybe find some on your own. This is kind of like giving you a starting point. So I'm just going to randomly load some of them in here and can talk about a couple of things. And what I want you guys to do when you're looking at these videos is, I want you guys to ideally look at them without sound, okay? So to get not distracted by the content and try to not focus on the content, try to focus on the movement. And even if you see like a person talking, the person is still going to move and you can see like how much do we actually see? Okay, in terms of muscles. How much like what I mentioned before, like why are we building muscles, right? Like how much shape changes do you see? Okay, how much jiggle do you see? Like how much is the skin or whether it's muscles or fat or anything like that doesn't matter, but how much is the skin moving? You know, as the person is moving. So watch for those kinds of things while you're watching the videos. I'll give you some pointers here. So I think workout videos are great, especially with people that are short-laced or have very little clothing on because you can really see what is happening here. So we have a little bit of skin slide, and we have a little bit of jiggle. And particular jiggle is, here we can see the muscles and how they're changing shapes. And jiggles are usually happening on muscles or also skin fat with rapid movements. especially rapid movements that are coming to an abrupt stop. So if you're going to move your arm very, very slowly, we will probably not see a whole lot of jiggle or a lot of skin movement. But if you're moving your arm very fast and then stopping very suddenly, then we will get overlap. And that's where we can see the jiggle happening. So let's see here. We can find a couple of examples. Probably maybe not in this video so much, I think, in the beginning there was a little bit. So as he's talking, he's not even working out at this point. There was a little bit. But in general, I think workout videos, as I said, are great because oftentimes you can see people from different sides, side and front maybe. You can see them making a repetitive movement. So we can really see what's happening with the muscle, with the pec muscle here, for example, as the arm is going up and down, or also what's happening with the arm muscle ends on. And here we can see some bone underneath, some rib cage, I believe. And then, as I said, really, really useful for just looking at those kind of things. Let's try another one here. Try this one. See if we can see anything. And watch for these little things. kind of like if you're not already, if you can't already do it, you have to train yourself to look for these little little movements, which is why also slow motion videos are great. A little bit harder to find, but then we can kind of exceed in slow motion, especially if the camera is close. But as he's moving his arms up and down, for example, you can maybe see a little bit of jiggle here and there. And also like what his arm here is doing like in terms of shape changes. Okay. As he's like lowering and moving his arm up and down. Back there. And then all these his packs are still moving. Okay. So you can see like there's a little bit of like muscle twitching and so on going on. So it kind of depends obviously how realistic you want to have your character, right? And these are just examples for humans but the same thing applies to animals and pretty much every living organism. But it depends how realistic do you want your character to be. So we pretty much are all working with humans here in this course and most of them are pretty cartoony so you might not even need all of that or probably you don't need any of that. But if you're working on a more realistic character or creature or monster or whatever then I think this is a good reference and good starting point. Let's look at this. I'm I'm not sure what this one was. So I hope it's not too offensive. Let's check. So here a different form, not muscles anymore, but still movement that if we're building a character that has a little bit of fat around the belly area, then we probably might want to put something in, some controls, that we can move that. So just some jiggle here happening. So you can see it's moving up and down. There's a lot of bounciness and everything going on. So you want to put these things into your rake. Because if they're missing, then it will look dead and it will look off. So let's see if we have something else. Maybe girl dancing. Let's try this one. And for Jiggle in particular, I think it is good to look for videos where people are moving very fast, as I said before. Otherwise, it's hard to see. So for example, she here is dancing. And I think you will see the belly a little bit, and maybe the arms, maybe the legs a little bit. Because she is making very, very sudden movements, very abrupt movements. And what I would recommend with these videos, just go through. And you don't have to watch all these videos, but just look at some passages, some segments of it, and see how the body is moving. And again, try not to pay too much attention to the content, but try to pay attention to what is going on with those bodies as they're moving. Again, shape changes, jiggle. There was just a little bit of jiggle that we could see on the belly. And how much of this is really changing here? Sometimes we can see the ribcage. Sometimes we can't. Sometimes the belly gets a little bit pushed out. Sometimes it doesn't, and so on and so forth. Workout videos are great in general. So I think this one here was also a good one. Let's try that one. Different videos are good for different reasons, but here we can see also the shape changes and a little bit of jiggle. As she was putting her foot on the ground, we were just able to see a little bit of jiggle there. And these videos are also great for seeing kind of like the range of motion that a body can have. So how much can you actually twist your hips and things like that, which is also very useful when you're building rakes, of course, you know, and how much the foot is moving and so on and so forth, you know, where the pivots are, those kind of things. So even though you might say, yeah, I know exactly where I have to put the, you know, leg pivot and where I have to put, you know, my knee pivot and so on and so forth, looking at those images will still be educational to see how a body is actually deforming. And if you know that, then you can translate it into your character, even if it is cartoony, you can simplify it and you can, you know, abstract it. But first you have to understand how it works in real life. And these videos, as I said, are also great because there are like workout videos, usually there are from different perspectives and a lot of different, or a lot of repetitive movement. So you can really see like kind of going through the range of motion here. Maybe not the whole one, but I think there was also another one here linked. And with these videos, you know, you can always get kind of like suggested videos or related videos. I think this one here was great too. Let's check that one out here real quick. Because here she was like kind of jumping. So I thought that it was interesting to see where which areas are bouncing. We also get a little bit of slow motion and You know again watch these videos with The background or with you know in mind how much do we actually see so how much do we even have to put into our rig? Do we have to put like a full? muscle rig into our Our ricks, you know do we have to rig all the different muscles probably not I would argue that maybe we can see a little bit of lack movement and of course it depends on the you know physiology of your character but here in like a regular person I would say more or less average person or kind of like fitter person maybe we can see a little bit of leg jiggle maybe but again you know seeing something like that and how much we have to put into our rig where's it seeing something like we saw earlier like the anatomy pictures where we can see all the different muscles, you know, puts things into perspective. So you probably don't have to rig. Let me try to see if I can get a really detailed one. Maybe this one. What we can also do here with images is we can go to search tools and we can increase the size, I only showed large pictures here. Let's look for again a detailed one, maybe this one. So here you can see we probably don't have to put in all these little muscles and everything here on the thumb and you know on the leg and on the inside. We probably only have to focus on like the main areas or the bigger muscles. Can all these muscles, I don't think we need all of that. Maybe Maybe we need the biceps and add a little bit of jiggle. Maybe we need kind of this big muscle here for the leg, maybe for the back of the leg here too because there is usually some jiggle going on. I don't think that we need to add all the ab muscles for example. I don't think that we need to add like these oblique muscles here. I think we can skip all of that. Then for females, usually the areas that are pretty bouncy are the breasts and then the butt also. That is because there is a lot of fat or that's where women usually are getting more fat. For men it's usually the belly area, you know, kind of think about a beer belly. So depending on the gender of your character, you will probably have to make some variations based on where the most jiggle will occur. So you don't have to put into your rig necessarily 100% accurate anatomy. As long as it kind of feels right or moves right, the end result is what matters. So how does the character look in the end? And a lot of the shape changes you can actually do, you don't even need muscles for that, you can actually do with corrective shapes. There are some examples of that that I put in here as well from a Maya standpoint or CG standpoint. I added down here, you know, like these are all videos, I added some anatomy videos down here as well, that you can take a look at. There are obviously a lot more ton load of videos on the web and can look at them in your free time if you're interested. I also put some CG muscle demos down here. I'll probably add a few more if I can, maybe we'll see. And then somewhere I had some examples of, here we go, the JoAltra L brush, maybe you've seen that before. But these are examples where they're not even, So before we do that, let's first start looking at some examples of CG muscles. Our muscles in CG. So let's look at, I don't know, I can't quite remember which one it was, but let's try to watch this one. This might not be a good one. It is probably not the best. Let's watch the... So, try to watch this one here. Actually, I think the other one, sorry. They're all interesting to watch, you know, for different reasons. I think this one is quite good in terms of, you know, muscle setup. But again, you know, like, see or check out what we can see here and how much is actually changing. So, this is using muscle setup. And again, I think a lot of that you can actually achieve with just corrective blend shapes, both base deformations. The real benefit for muscle simulation or using muscles is really the jiggly part. I spoke with friends of mine from, I did our at Vita and ILM and although they're using muscle simulation there, I heard that usually what's coming out of the muscle simulation is not very good, doesn't look very good. So usually what they do is they do shot sculpting afterwards, kind of like fix the area with them, kind of corrective blend shapes after they ran the simulation. So the only part that they're really taking from the muscle simulation is the dynamics, the jiggly part, because that's hard to do any other way. So that's an example of, I think, what is a really good muscle simulation or muscle reel here. And then I also want to show you the counter example of some really good looking muscles without any muscle system with just shapes, which was the two altar stuff here. And with shapes you have a lot more control obviously because you can just model how you want it to look like. There one thing that you have to be aware with both with shapes and with muscles is you need very high rest for your rig. So here you can see this is all done without any muscles. It's all just kind of short sculpted or you know with corrective shapes. And I think it's looking pretty realistic or pretty good. You can watch that yourself, but there are a couple of examples here before fixing it with corrective shapes and after and then I think he's going through here and showing a little bit the workflow of how to apply those shapes or how to kind of like sculpt them in the different poses. Obviously again you need to know like the anatomy first and you need to look at reference to understand how the muscles look or how the skin looks like after or in specific poses. That is one example and another example which I thought was pretty great because I'm showing Hulk here, an example of Hulk. kind of using the same technique from the same person. Again, also without using any muscle setup. And I found it interesting because my friend at ILM, he actually worked on the HALC for Avengers 2. And he told me that because he's a modeler and he told me that the simulation didn't look very good there. and they had to go in and do a lot of sculpting after, kind of like for every few frames they sculpted the muscles, how they wanted them to look like. Here what they're doing for this example is they're using muscles first, and then they are kind of baking it in, and then they're going in and doing shapes, or shape tweaks after. Kind of like short sculpting here. So you guys can watch these videos more if you want. I'll include them all in the PDF here that I'll share with you. But again, very important what I want to bring across here. Look at reference. One thing in case you're missing it or going to miss it, I wanted to also point you to the motion and shape capture, which is kind of pretty new here. Maybe you've seen that already. It was posted a few days ago. But it's also interesting because they're trying in these videos to capture the jiggliness of the skin from real people. And I think what's great here is it makes it look quite realistic as they're moving. And you can again see here in this example that obviously with more abrupt movements, for example people jumping, you can see the jiggle. Usually when we just move or walk, maybe not as obvious. And you can also see the errors that are jiggling the most. So you know, if there is fat. Again, here they use real people to kind of capture the movement in terms of how they did it or if they are showing it. But what you can also see is, I think at one point, somewhere they had an example of without the jiggling with the jiggle. And you could really see that without any movement, it kind of looked a little bit boring. Maybe it was one of the other videos. But in any case, I think it's really interesting to see, even with thin people, you can see kind of like the skin moving and so on. OK, so that's it in terms of reference. But again, very, very important guys, look at reference. Perhaps you're doing it already anyways, but then that's great. If you don't, then definitely look at real life reference, because that's what we are trying to emulate here, or stimulate, or abstract in our ricks. And if you have a super, super crazy cartoony character, then you probably don't need a whole lot of that, or any of that really. It's more for the realistic characters, or if you want to add a little bit of realism, even to your cartoony characters, like for example even Shrek had some sort of like jiggle built in. If you think about Megamind, you know, or what is the other movie called from Pixar, Incredibles, you know, if you have like characters with muscles, and you probably also want to have some jiggle there, even if they are very cartoony.",
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+      "text": " So before we go into Maya and build this muscle here or those muscles, I want to take a look at some references I said. And this is going to be live, so I haven't prepared too much for this. So bear with me, especially with Google Image Search or also YouTube, you never know what you're going to find. I hope that we won't find any too offensive pictures or anything like that, but bear with me and keep in mind that this is all for reference and we have to look at real people and real pictures and real videos so that we can learn and understand how our body works and how the anatomy works and how the muscle jiggle works and how fat jiggle works and so on and so forth. So I did compile a bunch of videos for you guys to watch down here in that lower section at PDF that I'm going to share with you guys. So there are some extreme videos from bodybuilders and then we have some belly jiggles, some obese people here as well, some girls dancing and so on and so forth. We also have some ballet down here in that section. We have some models, some female models in lingerie, walking the catwalk. So if you find any of these things offensive, then please don't watch these videos. Obviously, I don't want offend anybody. But again, you know, I think it is very important to look at reference because if you just say, oh yeah, I know how, you know, a belly jiggle works or yeah, I know how, you know, it looks if something moves. It's one thing to think that you know how it works and it's another thing to actually see for yourself how real life is behaving and how that works. So with that, let's go in And let's just do a live image search here on Google. And I want to point out a couple of things and talk about a couple of things while we're looking for that stuff here. So usually what I do, if I look for reference, I just type in anatomy or muscles or something like that. And then I come here to images in Google. And then we can already find a lot of reference here for joint layout, joint structures, and so on, and also muscles here. Let's scroll through a couple hundred of these and see if there's anything interesting. I mainly want to focus on the muscles, not so much on the joints anymore or bones at this point. But, you know, so anatomy can be a good resource so we can see like how these muscles are laid out in the body. A probably better search term will be muscle or muscles. And here again, I mean, just looking through these images, seeing how the muscles are, you know, in the body and how they are in motion. So we can see quite a lot from these kind of images. You have to be a little bit careful with, you know, looking at reference though. Sometimes, you know, those are artistic interpretations that might not represent 100% a real thing. Perhaps you've heard or maybe you've even visited the Body Worlds exhibition. I think this is a kind of real life. So this I think is a good reference, but I wanted to show here a couple of things. So in some of these images you see more muscles, and in some images you see lesser muscles. So for example here I think it is simplified a little bit. We kind of like see the deltoids and biceps and lower arm muscles, and the abs here and pecs and sternomastoid appear on the arm and the leg muscles. And here we also see like a simplified version kind of of those muscles. And there are also some color coded ones here. I think those are great because they really show like, you know, the different muscle groups here. So let's see if I can make this bigger. Here we go. So we can clearly see the packs, the back muscles here, triceps and we even get all the names. The names are not so important for me anyways, to know all these names. I don't know, know all the technical terms for all the letter names for all these muscle groups. But it's important to know where the muscles are, what kind of shape and form they have, from where they start and where they end and so on and so forth. So I think these kind of images are great. Then there are also a few other ones here, even more simplified. Let's see if we can open this one. The back muscles is kind of like a big muscle group here. Pax is also a big muscle. Maybe those leg muscles here, quadriceps, quads. And then biceps is a big muscle. I think this is probably the most common one known. You know, if you think about a muscle, you probably think about biceps and biceps bulging with bodybuilders and so on. And then we have the deltoids here on the shoulders. So just looking at these images, if you're not familiar with muscles, I think it's a great starting point to get familiar with the different areas where we have muscles and where we might see them. Then the next thing that we can already see here is looking at people, looking at bodybuilders, for example, because bodybuilders are an extreme form of muscles. So we can clearly see here, even from the outside, the pecs, the chest muscles here, and the biceps, kind of like this one right here, and the triceps here in the back a little bit, and the deltoid here again, deltoid muscle, right? So we can kind of like see where it is. And also if we go back and forth between, you know, like real people and anatomy pictures, then we can clearly see where these muscles are, like deltoid up here, so that would be this one, and so on and so forth. And then here we can see the six pack. So the ep muscles here for the stomach and then here from the back we have some back pictures also again we can see here the form that the deltoid the shoulder muscle is making and back muscle here this area then we have the lat, the tisimus muscle kind of like here the back and so on and so forth. So just stepping through with some people you can see them a little bit better with some people a little bit, it's a little bit harder to tell where these individual muscles are. I think here is probably one, maybe here is another one, and that probably is one muscle here, the triceps and so on and so forth. Again, you know, that's why we're looking at these extreme images, like to see where the muscles are in the body and like kind of how they are. If we look at a little bit more normal people, there will be a lot more toned down obviously, but But everybody still has the same muscles. Like every human, even if they're obese or have a lot of body fat, they will still have these muscles. They will just be covered in fat so we won't be able to see them from the outside. And then obviously if you are rigging a character that has a big belly or something like that, then you probably don't need to build these ab muscles. I think these muscles or muscles in general in computer graphics are mainly useful. To be honest with you, I don't even think they're that useful for humans. I think they're mainly useful for animals. For example, if you have big animals like dinosaurs and you have a leg that needs to jiggle or something like that, I think for those kind of things, characters, muscle setups are useful to have for humans. I personally have my doubts if it's that useful, but I still want to talk about the concepts here and look a little bit at anatomy as well. So as we said, anatomy pictures, really great resource and seeing the different shapes and everything, although if we type in something else, for example, muscle or actually body builder, we can probably see some more extreme forms of muscles and layout. This is quite extreme here, obviously. And again, with image search, Google image search, you never know really what you're getting here. But with all of that, if we look at muscles here again one more time, and maybe human, let's see if we can find another good one. It's all muscle pictures. Here is maybe a little. Even this is probably not really normal, trying to find a normal kind of person here. The thing with anatomy or looking at humans, it's not very helpful, obviously, to look at humans with clothing because we can't really see what the skin underneath there is doing. But also, obviously, don't want to look at naked pictures here. You can put it on your own if you want. But I kind of want to see if we can find one here. Like, obviously, these are all bodybuilders here, or doing pretty fit. But in any case, you can look at it for yourself. But what I wanted to say here is that looking at pictures is one thing. Looking at the different shapes and everything is one thing that we need to be aware of and make ourselves familiar with how it needs to look, the shapes. The other thing that we need to look at is bodies in motion. And so for images, obviously Google Image Search is great. For motion, YouTube I found is pretty great. And I compile a couple of videos here, as I said earlier, so we can start looking at some of those, but I also want you guys to look at those and maybe find some on your own. This is kind of like giving you a starting point. So I'm just going to randomly load some of them in here and can talk about a couple of things. And what I want you guys to do when you're looking at these videos is, I want you guys to ideally look at them without sound, okay? So to get not distracted by the content and try to not focus on the content, try to focus on the movement. And even if you see like a person talking, the person is still going to move and you can see like how much do we actually see? Okay, in terms of muscles. How much like what I mentioned before, like why are we building muscles, right? Like how much shape changes do you see? Okay, how much jiggle do you see? Like how much is the skin or whether it's muscles or fat or anything like that doesn't matter, but how much is the skin moving? You know, as the person is moving. So watch for those kinds of things while you're watching the videos. I'll give you some pointers here. So I think workout videos are great, especially with people that are short-laced or have very little clothing on because you can really see what is happening here. So we have a little bit of skin slide, and we have a little bit of jiggle. And particular jiggle is, here we can see the muscles and how they're changing shapes. And jiggles are usually happening on muscles or also skin fat with rapid movements. especially rapid movements that are coming to an abrupt stop. So if you're going to move your arm very, very slowly, we will probably not see a whole lot of jiggle or a lot of skin movement. But if you're moving your arm very fast and then stopping very suddenly, then we will get overlap. And that's where we can see the jiggle happening. So let's see here. We can find a couple of examples. Probably maybe not in this video so much, I think, in the beginning there was a little bit. So as he's talking, he's not even working out at this point. There was a little bit. But in general, I think workout videos, as I said, are great because oftentimes you can see people from different sides, side and front maybe. You can see them making a repetitive movement. So we can really see what's happening with the muscle, with the pec muscle here, for example, as the arm is going up and down, or also what's happening with the arm muscle ends on. And here we can see some bone underneath, some rib cage, I believe. And then, as I said, really, really useful for just looking at those kind of things. Let's try another one here. Try this one. See if we can see anything. And watch for these little things. kind of like if you're not already, if you can't already do it, you have to train yourself to look for these little little movements, which is why also slow motion videos are great. A little bit harder to find, but then we can kind of exceed in slow motion, especially if the camera is close. But as he's moving his arms up and down, for example, you can maybe see a little bit of jiggle here and there. And also like what his arm here is doing like in terms of shape changes. Okay. As he's like lowering and moving his arm up and down. Back there. And then all these his packs are still moving. Okay. So you can see like there's a little bit of like muscle twitching and so on going on. So it kind of depends obviously how realistic you want to have your character, right? And these are just examples for humans but the same thing applies to animals and pretty much every living organism. But it depends how realistic do you want your character to be. So we pretty much are all working with humans here in this course and most of them are pretty cartoony so you might not even need all of that or probably you don't need any of that. But if you're working on a more realistic character or creature or monster or whatever then I think this is a good reference and good starting point. Let's look at this. I'm I'm not sure what this one was. So I hope it's not too offensive. Let's check. So here a different form, not muscles anymore, but still movement that if we're building a character that has a little bit of fat around the belly area, then we probably might want to put something in, some controls, that we can move that. So just some jiggle here happening. So you can see it's moving up and down. There's a lot of bounciness and everything going on. So you want to put these things into your rake. Because if they're missing, then it will look dead and it will look off. So let's see if we have something else. Maybe girl dancing. Let's try this one. And for Jiggle in particular, I think it is good to look for videos where people are moving very fast, as I said before. Otherwise, it's hard to see. So for example, she here is dancing. And I think you will see the belly a little bit, and maybe the arms, maybe the legs a little bit. Because she is making very, very sudden movements, very abrupt movements. And what I would recommend with these videos, just go through. And you don't have to watch all these videos, but just look at some passages, some segments of it, and see how the body is moving. And again, try not to pay too much attention to the content, but try to pay attention to what is going on with those bodies as they're moving. Again, shape changes, jiggle. There was just a little bit of jiggle that we could see on the belly. And how much of this is really changing here? Sometimes we can see the ribcage. Sometimes we can't. Sometimes the belly gets a little bit pushed out. Sometimes it doesn't, and so on and so forth. Workout videos are great in general. So I think this one here was also a good one. Let's try that one. Different videos are good for different reasons, but here we can see also the shape changes and a little bit of jiggle. As she was putting her foot on the ground, we were just able to see a little bit of jiggle there. And these videos are also great for seeing kind of like the range of motion that a body can have. So how much can you actually twist your hips and things like that, which is also very useful when you're building rakes, of course, you know, and how much the foot is moving and so on and so forth, you know, where the pivots are, those kind of things. So even though you might say, yeah, I know exactly where I have to put the, you know, leg pivot and where I have to put, you know, my knee pivot and so on and so forth, looking at those images will still be educational to see how a body is actually deforming. And if you know that, then you can translate it into your character, even if it is cartoony, you can simplify it and you can, you know, abstract it. But first you have to understand how it works in real life. And these videos, as I said, are also great because there are like workout videos, usually there are from different perspectives and a lot of different, or a lot of repetitive movement. So you can really see like kind of going through the range of motion here. Maybe not the whole one, but I think there was also another one here linked. And with these videos, you know, you can always get kind of like suggested videos or related videos. I think this one here was great too. Let's check that one out here real quick. Because here she was like kind of jumping. So I thought that it was interesting to see where which areas are bouncing. We also get a little bit of slow motion and You know again watch these videos with The background or with you know in mind how much do we actually see so how much do we even have to put into our rig? Do we have to put like a full? muscle rig into our Our ricks, you know do we have to rig all the different muscles probably not I would argue that maybe we can see a little bit of lack movement and of course it depends on the you know physiology of your character but here in like a regular person I would say more or less average person or kind of like fitter person maybe we can see a little bit of leg jiggle maybe but again you know seeing something like that and how much we have to put into our rig where's it seeing something like we saw earlier like the anatomy pictures where we can see all the different muscles, you know, puts things into perspective. So you probably don't have to rig. Let me try to see if I can get a really detailed one. Maybe this one. What we can also do here with images is we can go to search tools and we can increase the size, I only showed large pictures here. Let's look for again a detailed one, maybe this one. So here you can see we probably don't have to put in all these little muscles and everything here on the thumb and you know on the leg and on the inside. We probably only have to focus on like the main areas or the bigger muscles. Can all these muscles, I don't think we need all of that. Maybe Maybe we need the biceps and add a little bit of jiggle. Maybe we need kind of this big muscle here for the leg, maybe for the back of the leg here too because there is usually some jiggle going on. I don't think that we need to add all the ab muscles for example. I don't think that we need to add like these oblique muscles here. I think we can skip all of that. Then for females, usually the areas that are pretty bouncy are the breasts and then the butt also. That is because there is a lot of fat or that's where women usually are getting more fat. For men it's usually the belly area, you know, kind of think about a beer belly. So depending on the gender of your character, you will probably have to make some variations based on where the most jiggle will occur. So you don't have to put into your rig necessarily 100% accurate anatomy. As long as it kind of feels right or moves right, the end result is what matters. So how does the character look in the end? And a lot of the shape changes you can actually do, you don't even need muscles for that, you can actually do with corrective shapes. There are some examples of that that I put in here as well from a Maya standpoint or CG standpoint. I added down here, you know, like these are all videos, I added some anatomy videos down here as well, that you can take a look at. There are obviously a lot more ton load of videos on the web and can look at them in your free time if you're interested. I also put some CG muscle demos down here. I'll probably add a few more if I can, maybe we'll see. And then somewhere I had some examples of, here we go, the JoAltra L brush, maybe you've seen that before. But these are examples where they're not even, So before we do that, let's first start looking at some examples of CG muscles. Our muscles in CG. So let's look at, I don't know, I can't quite remember which one it was, but let's try to watch this one. This might not be a good one. It is probably not the best. Let's watch the... So, try to watch this one here. Actually, I think the other one, sorry. They're all interesting to watch, you know, for different reasons. I think this one is quite good in terms of, you know, muscle setup. But again, you know, like, see or check out what we can see here and how much is actually changing. So, this is using muscle setup. And again, I think a lot of that you can actually achieve with just corrective blend shapes, both base deformations. The real benefit for muscle simulation or using muscles is really the jiggly part. I spoke with friends of mine from, I did our at Vita and ILM and although they're using muscle simulation there, I heard that usually what's coming out of the muscle simulation is not very good, doesn't look very good. So usually what they do is they do shot sculpting afterwards, kind of like fix the area with them, kind of corrective blend shapes after they ran the simulation. So the only part that they're really taking from the muscle simulation is the dynamics, the jiggly part, because that's hard to do any other way. So that's an example of, I think, what is a really good muscle simulation or muscle reel here. And then I also want to show you the counter example of some really good looking muscles without any muscle system with just shapes, which was the two altar stuff here. And with shapes you have a lot more control obviously because you can just model how you want it to look like. There one thing that you have to be aware with both with shapes and with muscles is you need very high rest for your rig. So here you can see this is all done without any muscles. It's all just kind of short sculpted or you know with corrective shapes. And I think it's looking pretty realistic or pretty good. You can watch that yourself, but there are a couple of examples here before fixing it with corrective shapes and after and then I think he's going through here and showing a little bit the workflow of how to apply those shapes or how to kind of like sculpt them in the different poses. Obviously again you need to know like the anatomy first and you need to look at reference to understand how the muscles look or how the skin looks like after or in specific poses. That is one example and another example which I thought was pretty great because I'm showing Hulk here, an example of Hulk. kind of using the same technique from the same person. Again, also without using any muscle setup. And I found it interesting because my friend at ILM, he actually worked on the HALC for Avengers 2. And he told me that because he's a modeler and he told me that the simulation didn't look very good there. and they had to go in and do a lot of sculpting after, kind of like for every few frames they sculpted the muscles, how they wanted them to look like. Here what they're doing for this example is they're using muscles first, and then they are kind of baking it in, and then they're going in and doing shapes, or shape tweaks after. Kind of like short sculpting here. So you guys can watch these videos more if you want. I'll include them all in the PDF here that I'll share with you. But again, very important what I want to bring across here. Look at reference. One thing in case you're missing it or going to miss it, I wanted to also point you to the motion and shape capture, which is kind of pretty new here. Maybe you've seen that already. It was posted a few days ago. But it's also interesting because they're trying in these videos to capture the jiggliness of the skin from real people. And I think what's great here is it makes it look quite realistic as they're moving. And you can again see here in this example that obviously with more abrupt movements, for example people jumping, you can see the jiggle. Usually when we just move or walk, maybe not as obvious. And you can also see the errors that are jiggling the most. So you know, if there is fat. Again, here they use real people to kind of capture the movement in terms of how they did it or if they are showing it. But what you can also see is, I think at one point, somewhere they had an example of without the jiggling with the jiggle. And you could really see that without any movement, it kind of looked a little bit boring. Maybe it was one of the other videos. But in any case, I think it's really interesting to see, even with thin people, you can see kind of like the skin moving and so on. OK, so that's it in terms of reference. But again, very, very important guys, look at reference. Perhaps you're doing it already anyways, but then that's great. If you don't, then definitely look at real life reference, because that's what we are trying to emulate here, or stimulate, or abstract in our ricks. And if you have a super, super crazy cartoony character, then you probably don't need a whole lot of that, or any of that really. It's more for the realistic characters, or if you want to add a little bit of realism, even to your cartoony characters, like for example even Shrek had some sort of like jiggle built in. If you think about Megamind, you know, or what is the other movie called from Pixar, Incredibles, you know, if you have like characters with muscles, and you probably also want to have some jiggle there, even if they are very cartoony."
+    }
+  ]
+}