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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] This invention relates generally to diagnostic imaging methods and apparatus, and more particularly, to methods and apparatus that provide for thermal gain management and correction in the detector for computed tomography in particular and in medical imaging in general.
[0002] Most multi-slices computed tomography (CT) scanners are built with detectors composed of scintillator/photodiodes arrays. The photodiodes arrays are mainly based on front-illuminated technology. However, new designs based on back-illuminated photodiodes (backlit diodes) are being investigated for CT machines to overcome the challenge of the higher number of runs and connections required. Current CT detectors generally use scintillation crystal/photodiode arrays, where the scintillation crystal absorbs x-rays and converts the absorbed energy into visible light. A photodiode is used to convert the light to an electric current. The electric current is read and the reading is proportional to the total energy absorbed.
[0003] A CT detector should meet tight performance requirements in order to enable the generation of high quality and artifact free CT images. First, the detector should provide a response that is linearly related to x-ray intensity. Some of the requirements on the detector that result from this are the stability of the detector over time and temperature, the non-sensitivity to focal spot motion, and a bound on the light output variation over life, etc. In a third generation CT scanner, the relative behavior of adjacent channels should be nearly identical in order to avoid serious ring artifacts (usually defined as channel to channel non-linearity variation) in images. This variation might be affected by the scintillator behavior from one pixel to its neighbor, by the collimator plate variations, and/or by the diode pixel response. Generally, if these requirements are not met, ring artifacts, bands and/or smudges/spots might appear in images.
[0004] One of the contributors of this channel to channel variation (or module to module variation) is the gain variation caused between photodiode pixels due to the variation of temperature. In Volume CT, with a relatively large coverage of the collimator, the variation of the temperature at the diode will be high and tight thermal control from calibration conditions to scanning conditions would be required. The thermal gain temperature coefficient drift in the module may have multiple root causes: a) diode, b) collimator, c) scintillator, d) DAS electronics and finally e) DAS assembly. To overcome this problem, one can either introduce very tight thermal control on the detector or compensate for the thermal drift by introducing a thermal calibration or correction. For this, an accurate measurement of the temperature on each pixel would be desirable.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0005] In one aspect, a method includes creating a lookup table for thermal correction of a x-ray detector on a pixel by pixel basis.
[0006] In another aspect, a method includes using a single diode for measuring the temperature of the diode and for receiving x-rays in the diode.
[0007] In another aspect a system is provided. The system includes an energy source, an energy detector positioned to receive energy emitted from the source, the energy detector including a plurality of diodes, and a computer coupled to the detector. The computer is configured to store a lookup table for thermal correction of the detector on a diode by diode basis.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0008] FIG. 1( a,b ) shows the Current versus Voltage (IV) behavior of the VCT backlit diode versus temperature.
[0009] FIG. 2 shows the current produced by the diode as function of temperature.
[0010] FIG. 3( a,b ) shows the IV behavior of the VCT backlit diode versus temperature.
[0011] FIG. 4 shows the current produced by the diode as function of temperature.
[0012] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of an incarnation to implement the biasing requiring electronic circuitry.
[0013] FIG. 6 shows the idea of using the non-inverting input of the DAS for the forward bias connection.
[0014] FIG. 7 shows the results of the current difference at different biases.
[0015] FIG. 8 shows the results of DAS based thermal gain correction vector, and its effects on DAS measurement accuracy.
[0016] FIG. 9 illustrates an imaging system.
[0017] FIG. 10 illustrates an example algorithm for measuring the temperature vector in the beginning of the scan.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0018] There are herein described methods and apparatus useful for imaging systems such as, for example, but not limited to an x-ray system. The apparatus and methods are illustrated with reference to the figures wherein similar numbers indicate the same elements in all figures. Such figures are intended to be illustrative rather than limiting and are included herewith to facilitate explanation of an exemplary embodiment of the apparatus and methods of the invention. Although, described in the setting of an x-ray system, it is contemplated that the benefits of the invention accrue to all diagnostic imaging systems and modalities such as PET, MRI, SPECT, Ultrasound, fused systems such as a CT/PET system, and/or any modality yet to be developed in which detectors are used.
[0019] In this disclosure, methods and apparatus are described that will enable the measurement of the absolute temperature seen by each pixel in an array of diodes used in a multislice CT detector. The multislice CT detector element consists of an array of 16 cells in X-axis and 64 cells in the Z-axis for a VCT (volume computed tomography) detector. The measurement setup can however be extended to any diode system.
[0020] In the VCT detector, the use of Backlit (BL) diodes is desirable to make a wide z-coverage tile-able detector. One advantage of BL diodes is to more efficiently/effectively connect detector modules not only in the x-direction but also in the z-direction, and one of the disadvantages is that this design requires very tight control of the temperature at the diode level to avoid gain change due to temperature drift. This becomes even more critical when more than 64 slices are used, and when thinner slices are built. Currently, the temperature drift from calibration to imaging stations has to be maintained within a few degrees.
[0021] One can envision measuring the temperature of the pixel at which it has been calibrated and storing it in a look-up table for later use. Knowing the response of the diode-scintillator pixel at different temperatures would enable the correction of image quality drift due to temperature. This will enable at the same time the relaxation of the thermal management of both the detector and the gantry. The algorithm for gain correction can be determined later.
[0022] The challenge to make this correction possible is to find an innovative method to measure the temperature of the pixel before each scan and use the value for correction of the diode response. One way to achieve this is to use the detector diode as the sensor itself. This can be achieved by introducing the capability of forwarding or reversing the bias of the diodes and acquire the signal under no x-ray exposure (e.g. a dark current).
[0023] Measurement Principle: Semi-conductor Diodes are excellent sensing devices for temperature measurement at low values of forward current and using reverse bias mode current. At low forward current (Im), the junction temperature Tj of the diode correlates linearly with the junction forward voltage (Vf).
[0000] ΔT j =K. ΔV f
[0024] where K is a factor with units C/mV, generally with 0.4 and 0.8 C/mV.
[0025] A change in the junction temperature produces a corresponding change in the forward voltage and consequently a change in the forward current. The diode in this case needs to be forward biased. The operation of the diode just below the threshold voltage, will lead to a better sensitivity of measurement as a function of temperature variation.
[0026] Another concept is to use the diode in the reverse bias mode and measure the dark current. It is known that the dark current is exponentially varying with temperature.
[0027] Whether forward biased or reverse biased, one can use the same diode for measuring the temperature and the x-ray signal, by switching back and forth between two modes. All pixels of the detector may be used or a subset of pixels may be used.
[0028] In CT detectors, the current generated in the diodes is measured using a digital to analog system (DAS) and it is possible to use the same DAS to measure the current under either forward biased or reverse biased conditions to deduce the temperature of that pixel.
[0029] Forward Bias Method: In this method, one can forward bias the diode just before starting the x-ray scan. One can read the current generated by the diode under forward biasing conditions using the DAS. FIG. 1 ( a,b ) shows the IV behavior of the VCT backlit diode versus temperature. FIG. 2 shows the current produced by the diode as function of temperature. The curve is described by an exponential function as predicted by theory.
[0030] Reverse Bias Method: In this method, one can reverse bias the diode just before starting the x-ray scan. One can read the dark current generated by the diode using the DAS. FIG. 3( a,b ) shows the IV behavior of the VCT backlit diode versus temperature. FIG. 4 shows the current produced by the diode as function of temperature. The curve is described by an exponential function as predicted by theory.
[0031] Circuit Diagram proposal: An example of how to bias the diode (forward or reverse) using electronic circuitry is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 . This circuit can easily reside on an A/D board. In the case presented one switch is sufficient to achieve this. During the temperature reading, the switch is connected to a bias voltage to reverse bias the diode and read the dark current. During the x-ray scan, the switch is closed and connected to ground, and x-ray signal can be read. By changing the polarity of the bias, the same scheme can be used for forward biased diodes as long as the DAS is capable of reading either positive or negative current (which is feasible for many DAS architectures).
[0032] A second case of forward bias implementation occurs when the DAS is not capable of reading negative current. In this case, the orientation of the diode needs to be reversed so that the current will flow from the diode to the amplifier. For this to happen, a high number of switches need to be added. Alternatively, one can forward bias the diode by supplying a voltage supply on the non-inverting input of the DAS. The anode side of the diode being connected on the inverting input of the DAS amplifier, will see the voltage connected on the non-inverting input, and cause current to flow accordingly.
[0033] Temperature Measurement Algorithm: since in the real design, there is a DC component in the dark current measurement, which is independent of temperature, one can use a measurement of temperature using two points for correction. The first point would be at bias conditions (reverse or forward bias of the appropriately selected bias voltage, for example 100 mV ) and the second at no-bias (0 volts—representing the unbiased state of the diode during x-ray exposure or scanning ). The difference should be described by a function, which is exponentially varying with temperature. The sensitivity can then be improved by optimizing the trigger rate in order to achieve the best resolution (variable trigger rate or fixed trigger rate), or by using a continuous integration time, or by averaging multiple acquisitions under the same conditions. FIG. 7 shows the results of the current difference at different biases. This curve shows only the effect of temperature on the dark current by removing the DC component.
[0034] In order to improve the accuracy of the DAS measurements, a DAS thermal gain correction scheme can be implemented which can improve the accuracy by an order of magnitude. The scheme can call for a one-time A/D board calibration resulting in a channel based gain vector that would get applied to all the differential measurements made by reverse biasing the diodes. This would have the effect of removing the DAS based channel to channel differences due to process variation. This correction can occur inside the DAS/Detector subsystem, or can reside on the CT System Host itself. FIG. 8 illustrates the effect of one such correction on the accuracy of the measurement.
[0035] FIG. 9 illustrates an imaging system 10 with an associated display 20 . Imaging system 10 can be of any modality, but in one embodiment, system 10 is a CT system. In another embodiment, system 10 is a dual modality imaging system such as a combined CT/PET. Display 20 can be separate from system 10 or integrated with system 10 . System 10 includes an acquisition device such as an x-ray radiation detector, a Gamma Camera, an ultrasound probe and/or an MRI coil. In all the above modalities, please note that there is energy traveling at least partially through at least one component of a body and impinging an energy detector. A computer is coupled to the detector for processing the received data and producing an image if desired. The energy detector may include diodes as described herein.
[0036] Of course, the methods described herein are not limited to practice in system 10 and can be utilized in connection with many other types and variations of imaging systems. Although the herein described methods are described in a human patient setting, it is contemplated that the benefits of the invention accrue to non-human imaging systems such as those systems typically employed in small animal research. Although the herein described methods are described in a medical setting, it is contemplated that the benefits of the invention accrue to non-medical imaging systems such as those systems typically employed in an industrial setting or a transportation setting, such as, for example, but not limited to, a baggage scanning CT system for an airport or other transportation center.
[0037] As used herein, an element or step recited in the singular and proceeded with the word “a” or “an” should be understood as not excluding plural said elements or steps, unless such exclusion is explicitly recited. Furthermore, references to “one embodiment” of the present invention are not intended to be interpreted as excluding the existence of additional embodiments that also incorporate the recited features.
[0038] Technical effects include that the herein described methods and apparatus allow many advantages gained by making measurements of the temperatures for every pixel. The advantages include the following:
[0039] 1—Creation of a calibration vector relaxes the thermal management control in the detector.
[0040] 2—Creation of a calibration vector relaxes the requirements of the scintillating pack with respect to temperature drift. This vector will be used to compensate for the gain drift due to temperature drift.
[0041] 3 —Creation of a calibration vector relaxes the requirements of the diode array (backlit diode) with respect to temperature drift. This vector can be used to compensate for the gain drift due to temperature drift.
[0042] 4—The time required to warm-up the detector is reduced.
[0043] 5—The gain drift due to thermal variation is correctable.
[0044] 6—Improved Image Quality is provided. And
[0045] 7—Improved inventory carry value (ICV) is provided by reducing the cost of the components and their processes.
[0046] Exemplary embodiments are described above in detail. The assemblies and methods are not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, but rather, components of each assembly and/or method may be utilized independently and separately from other components described herein.
[0047] While the invention has been described in terms of various specific embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention can be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope of the claims. | A method includes creating a lookup table for thermal correction of a x-ray detector on a pixel by pixel basis. | This invention relates to methods and apparatus for thermal gain management and correction in computed tomography (CT) detectors. It describes a method for creating a lookup table for thermal correction on a pixel-by-pixel basis, as well as a system for implementing this correction. The invention enables more accurate temperature measurement and improves the quality of CT images. | {
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"context": "BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION \n [0001] This invention relates generally to diagnostic imaging methods and apparatus, and more particularly, to methods and apparatus that provide for thermal gain management and correction in the detector for computed tomography in particular and in medical imaging in general. \n [0002] Most multi-slices computed tomography (CT) scanners are built with detectors composed of scintillator/photodiodes arrays. The photodiodes arrays are mainly based on front-illuminated technology. However, new designs based on back-illuminated photodiodes (backlit diodes) are being investigated for CT machines to overcome the challenge of the higher number of runs and connections required. Current CT detectors generally use scintillation crystal/photodiode arrays, where the scintillation crystal absorbs x-rays and converts the absorbed energy into visible light. A photodiode is used to convert the light to an electric current. The electric current is read and the reading is proportional to the total energy absorbed. \n [0003] A CT detector should meet tight performance requirements in order to enable the generation of high quality and artifact free CT images. First, the detector should provide a response that is linearly related to x-ray intensity. Some of the requirements on the detector that result from this are the stability of the detector over time and temperature, the non-sensitivity to focal spot motion, and a bound on the light output variation over life, etc. In a third generation CT scanner, the relative behavior of adjacent channels should be nearly identical in order to avoid serious ring artifacts (usually defined as channel to channel non-linearity variation) in images. This variation might be affected by the scintillator behavior from one pixel to its neighbor, by the collimator plate variations, and/or by the diode pixel response. Generally, if these requirements are not met, ring artifacts, bands and/or smudges/spots might appear in images. \n [0004] One of the contributors of this channel to channel variation (or module to module variation) is the gain variation caused between photodiode pixels due to the variation of temperature. In Volume CT, with a relatively large coverage of the collimator, the variation of the temperature at the diode will be high and tight thermal control from calibration conditions to scanning conditions would be required. The thermal gain temperature coefficient drift in the module may have multiple root causes: a) diode, b) collimator, c) scintillator, d) DAS electronics and finally e) DAS assembly. To overcome this problem, one can either introduce very tight thermal control on the detector or compensate for the thermal drift by introducing a thermal calibration or correction. For this, an accurate measurement of the temperature on each pixel would be desirable. \n BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION \n [0005] In one aspect, a method includes creating a lookup table for thermal correction of a x-ray detector on a pixel by pixel basis. \n [0006] In another aspect, a method includes using a single diode for measuring the temperature of the diode and for receiving x-rays in the diode. \n [0007] In another aspect a system is provided. The system includes an energy source, an energy detector positioned to receive energy emitted from the source, the energy detector including a plurality of diodes, and a computer coupled to the detector. The computer is configured to store a lookup table for thermal correction of the detector on a diode by diode basis. \n \n \n BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS \n [0008] FIG. 1( a,b ) shows the Current versus Voltage (IV) behavior of the VCT backlit diode versus temperature. \n [0009] FIG. 2 shows the current produced by the diode as function of temperature. \n [0010] FIG. 3( a,b ) shows the IV behavior of the VCT backlit diode versus temperature. \n [0011] FIG. 4 shows the current produced by the diode as function of temperature. \n [0012] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of an incarnation to implement the biasing requiring electronic circuitry. \n [0013] FIG. 6 shows the idea of using the non-inverting input of the DAS for the forward bias connection. \n [0014] FIG. 7 shows the results of the current difference at different biases. \n [0015] FIG. 8 shows the results of DAS based thermal gain correction vector, and its effects on DAS measurement accuracy. \n [0016] FIG. 9 illustrates an imaging system. \n [0017] FIG. 10 illustrates an example algorithm for measuring the temperature vector in the beginning of the scan. \n \n \n \n DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION \n [0018] There are herein described methods and apparatus useful for imaging systems such as, for example, but not limited to an x-ray system. The apparatus and methods are illustrated with reference to the figures wherein similar numbers indicate the same elements in all figures. Such figures are intended to be illustrative rather than limiting and are included herewith to facilitate explanation of an exemplary embodiment of the apparatus and methods of the invention. Although, described in the setting of an x-ray system, it is contemplated that the benefits of the invention accrue to all diagnostic imaging systems and modalities such as PET, MRI, SPECT, Ultrasound, fused systems such as a CT/PET system, and/or any modality yet to be developed in which detectors are used. \n [0019] In this disclosure, methods and apparatus are described that will enable the measurement of the absolute temperature seen by each pixel in an array of diodes used in a multislice CT detector. The multislice CT detector element consists of an array of 16 cells in X-axis and 64 cells in the Z-axis for a VCT (volume computed tomography) detector. The measurement setup can however be extended to any diode system. \n [0020] In the VCT detector, the use of Backlit (BL) diodes is desirable to make a wide z-coverage tile-able detector. One advantage of BL diodes is to more efficiently/effectively connect detector modules not only in the x-direction but also in the z-direction, and one of the disadvantages is that this design requires very tight control of the temperature at the diode level to avoid gain change due to temperature drift. This becomes even more critical when more than 64 slices are used, and when thinner slices are built. Currently, the temperature drift from calibration to imaging stations has to be maintained within a few degrees. \n [0021] One can envision measuring the temperature of the pixel at which it has been calibrated and storing it in a look-up table for later use. Knowing the response of the diode-scintillator pixel at different temperatures would enable the correction of image quality drift due to temperature. This will enable at the same time the relaxation of the thermal management of both the detector and the gantry. The algorithm for gain correction can be determined later. \n [0022] The challenge to make this correction possible is to find an innovative method to measure the temperature of the pixel before each scan and use the value for correction of the diode response. One way to achieve this is to use the detector diode as the sensor itself. This can be achieved by introducing the capability of forwarding or reversing the bias of the diodes and acquire the signal under no x-ray exposure (e.g. a dark current). \n [0023] Measurement Principle: Semi-conductor Diodes are excellent sensing devices for temperature measurement at low values of forward current and using reverse bias mode current. At low forward current (Im), the junction temperature Tj of the diode correlates linearly with the junction forward voltage (Vf). \n [0000] ΔT j =K. ΔV f \n [0024] where K is a factor with units C/mV, generally with 0.4 and 0.8 C/mV. \n [0025] A change in the junction temperature produces a corresponding change in the forward voltage and consequently a change in the forward current. The diode in this case needs to be forward biased. The operation of the diode just below the threshold voltage, will lead to a better sensitivity of measurement as a function of temperature variation. \n [0026] Another concept is to use the diode in the reverse bias mode and measure the dark current. It is known that the dark current is exponentially varying with temperature. \n [0027] Whether forward biased or reverse biased, one can use the same diode for measuring the temperature and the x-ray signal, by switching back and forth between two modes. All pixels of the detector may be used or a subset of pixels may be used. \n [0028] In CT detectors, the current generated in the diodes is measured using a digital to analog system (DAS) and it is possible to use the same DAS to measure the current under either forward biased or reverse biased conditions to deduce the temperature of that pixel. \n [0029] Forward Bias Method: In this method, one can forward bias the diode just before starting the x-ray scan. One can read the current generated by the diode under forward biasing conditions using the DAS. FIG. 1 ( a,b ) shows the IV behavior of the VCT backlit diode versus temperature. FIG. 2 shows the current produced by the diode as function of temperature. The curve is described by an exponential function as predicted by theory. \n [0030] Reverse Bias Method: In this method, one can reverse bias the diode just before starting the x-ray scan. One can read the dark current generated by the diode using the DAS. FIG. 3( a,b ) shows the IV behavior of the VCT backlit diode versus temperature. FIG. 4 shows the current produced by the diode as function of temperature. The curve is described by an exponential function as predicted by theory. \n [0031] Circuit Diagram proposal: An example of how to bias the diode (forward or reverse) using electronic circuitry is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 . This circuit can easily reside on an A/D board. In the case presented one switch is sufficient to achieve this. During the temperature reading, the switch is connected to a bias voltage to reverse bias the diode and read the dark current. During the x-ray scan, the switch is closed and connected to ground, and x-ray signal can be read. By changing the polarity of the bias, the same scheme can be used for forward biased diodes as long as the DAS is capable of reading either positive or negative current (which is feasible for many DAS architectures). \n [0032] A second case of forward bias implementation occurs when the DAS is not capable of reading negative current. In this case, the orientation of the diode needs to be reversed so that the current will flow from the diode to the amplifier. For this to happen, a high number of switches need to be added. Alternatively, one can forward bias the diode by supplying a voltage supply on the non-inverting input of the DAS. The anode side of the diode being connected on the inverting input of the DAS amplifier, will see the voltage connected on the non-inverting input, and cause current to flow accordingly. \n [0033] Temperature Measurement Algorithm: since in the real design, there is a DC component in the dark current measurement, which is independent of temperature, one can use a measurement of temperature using two points for correction. The first point would be at bias conditions (reverse or forward bias of the appropriately selected bias voltage, for example 100 mV ) and the second at no-bias (0 volts—representing the unbiased state of the diode during x-ray exposure or scanning ). The difference should be described by a function, which is exponentially varying with temperature. The sensitivity can then be improved by optimizing the trigger rate in order to achieve the best resolution (variable trigger rate or fixed trigger rate), or by using a continuous integration time, or by averaging multiple acquisitions under the same conditions. FIG. 7 shows the results of the current difference at different biases. This curve shows only the effect of temperature on the dark current by removing the DC component. \n [0034] In order to improve the accuracy of the DAS measurements, a DAS thermal gain correction scheme can be implemented which can improve the accuracy by an order of magnitude. The scheme can call for a one-time A/D board calibration resulting in a channel based gain vector that would get applied to all the differential measurements made by reverse biasing the diodes. This would have the effect of removing the DAS based channel to channel differences due to process variation. This correction can occur inside the DAS/Detector subsystem, or can reside on the CT System Host itself. FIG. 8 illustrates the effect of one such correction on the accuracy of the measurement. \n [0035] FIG. 9 illustrates an imaging system 10 with an associated display 20 . Imaging system 10 can be of any modality, but in one embodiment, system 10 is a CT system. In another embodiment, system 10 is a dual modality imaging system such as a combined CT/PET. Display 20 can be separate from system 10 or integrated with system 10 . System 10 includes an acquisition device such as an x-ray radiation detector, a Gamma Camera, an ultrasound probe and/or an MRI coil. In all the above modalities, please note that there is energy traveling at least partially through at least one component of a body and impinging an energy detector. A computer is coupled to the detector for processing the received data and producing an image if desired. The energy detector may include diodes as described herein. \n [0036] Of course, the methods described herein are not limited to practice in system 10 and can be utilized in connection with many other types and variations of imaging systems. Although the herein described methods are described in a human patient setting, it is contemplated that the benefits of the invention accrue to non-human imaging systems such as those systems typically employed in small animal research. Although the herein described methods are described in a medical setting, it is contemplated that the benefits of the invention accrue to non-medical imaging systems such as those systems typically employed in an industrial setting or a transportation setting, such as, for example, but not limited to, a baggage scanning CT system for an airport or other transportation center. \n [0037] As used herein, an element or step recited in the singular and proceeded with the word “a” or “an” should be understood as not excluding plural said elements or steps, unless such exclusion is explicitly recited. Furthermore, references to “one embodiment” of the present invention are not intended to be interpreted as excluding the existence of additional embodiments that also incorporate the recited features. \n [0038] Technical effects include that the herein described methods and apparatus allow many advantages gained by making measurements of the temperatures for every pixel. The advantages include the following: \n [0039] 1—Creation of a calibration vector relaxes the thermal management control in the detector. \n [0040] 2—Creation of a calibration vector relaxes the requirements of the scintillating pack with respect to temperature drift. This vector will be used to compensate for the gain drift due to temperature drift. \n [0041] 3 —Creation of a calibration vector relaxes the requirements of the diode array (backlit diode) with respect to temperature drift. This vector can be used to compensate for the gain drift due to temperature drift. \n [0042] 4—The time required to warm-up the detector is reduced. \n [0043] 5—The gain drift due to thermal variation is correctable. \n [0044] 6—Improved Image Quality is provided. And \n [0045] 7—Improved inventory carry value (ICV) is provided by reducing the cost of the components and their processes. \n [0046] Exemplary embodiments are described above in detail. The assemblies and methods are not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, but rather, components of each assembly and/or method may be utilized independently and separately from other components described herein. \n [0047] While the invention has been described in terms of various specific embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention can be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope of the claims.",
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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The field of invention relates to golf club apparatus, and more particularly pertains to a new golf club practice swing weight wherein the same is arranged for securement about the shaft portion of an associated golf club.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Golf club swing weight structure is indicated in the prior art and exemplified by the U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,647,220; 4,842,280; and 4,045,034.
The instant invention attempts to overcome deficiencies of the prior art by providing for a flexible web structure arranged for ease of mounting about a golf club shaft, wherein the web structure is arranged for accommodating granular material within associated pouches and in these respects, the present invention substantially fulfills this need.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In view of the disadvantages inherent in the known types of golf club practice swing weights now present in the prior art, the present invention provides a golf club practice swing weight wherein the same is arranged for ease of mounting about a golf club shaft. As such, the general purpose of the present invention, which will be described subsequently in greater detail, is to provide a new golf club practice swing weight apparatus and method which has many of the advantages of the prior art listed heretofore and many novel features that result in a golf club practice swing weight apparatus which is not anticipated, rendered obvious, suggested, or even implied by any of the prior art, either alone or in any combination thereof.
To attain this, the present invention provides a flexible web arranged to have secured thereto a plurality of flexible pouches, with the web including first and second ends, with a strap member having a hook and loop fastener surface extending along the strap member, with a ring member mounted between the pouches such that the strap member is arranged to loop about the ring member for securement about itself when the flexible web is mounted about a golf club shaft.
There has thus been outlined, rather broadly, the more important features of the invention in order that the detailed description thereof that follows may be better understood, and in order that the present contribution to the art may be better appreciated. There are, of course, additional features of the invention that will be described hereinafter and which will form the subject matter of the claims appended hereto.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the conception, upon which this disclosure is based, may readily be designing of other structures, methods and systems for carrying out the several purposes of the present invention. It is important, therefore, that the claims be regarded as including such equivalent constructions insofar as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Further, the purpose of the foregoing abstract is to enable the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and the public generally, and especially the scientists, engineers and practitioners in the art who are not familiar with patent or legal terms or phraseology, to determine quickly from a cursory inspection the nature and essence of the technical disclosure of the application. The abstract is neither intended to define the invention of the application, which is measured by the claims, nor is it intended To be limiting as to the scope of the invention in any way.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a new golf club practice swing weight apparatus and method which has many of the advantages of the prior art listed heretofore and many novel features that result in a apparatus which is not anticipated, rendered obvious, suggested, or even implied by any of the prior art, either alone or in any combination thereof.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a new golf club practice swing weight which may be easily and efficiently manufactured and marketed.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a new golf club practice swing weight which is of a durable and reliable construction.
An even further object of the present invention is to provide a new golf club practice swing weight which is susceptible of a low cost of manufacture with regard to both materials and labor, and which accordingly is then susceptible of low prices of sale to the consuming public, thereby making such golf club apparatus economically available to the buying public.
Still yet another object of the present invention is to provide a new golf club practice swing weight which provides in the apparatuses and methods of the prior art some of the advantages thereof, while simultaneously overcoming some of the disadvantages normally associated therewith.
An even further object of the present invention is to provide a new golf club practice swing weight which comprises a flexible web having a plurality of flexible pouches in which weighted material may be inserted.
Still yet another object of the present invention is to provide a new golf club practice swing weight which comprises a flexible web having a plurality of flexible pouches, and a strap member such that the strap member may engage a ring member mounted between the pouches to secure the flexible member about itself and the shaft of a golf club.
These together with other objects of the invention, along with the various features of novelty which characterize the invention, are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this disclosure. For a better understanding of the invention, its operating advantages and the specific objects attained by its uses, reference should be had to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which there is illustrated preferred embodiments of the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will be better understood and objects other than those set forth above will become apparent when consideration is given to the following detailed description thereof. Such description makes reference to the annexed drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a front elevational view of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view, taken along the lines 2--2 of FIG. 1 in the direction indicated by the arrows.
FIG. 3 is a side elevational view of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a further front elevational view of the invention arranged for mounting to a golf club shaft.
FIG. 5 is a front elevational view of a modified pouch construction for use by the invention.
FIG. 6 is a cross sectional view taken along lines 6--6 of FIG. 5.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
With reference now to the drawings, and in particular to FIGS. 1-6 thereof, a new golf club practice swing weight embodying the principles and concepts of the present invention and generally designated by the reference numeral 10 will be descried.
More specifically, the golf club practice swing weight 10 of the instant invention comprises a flexible web 11 having a front wall 12 spaced from a rear wall 13, and a web first end 20 spaced from a web second end 21, and a web first side 23 spaced from a web second side 24. First and second parallel, rectangular pouches 15 and 16 are mounted to the web and extend substantially between the web's first side 23 and the second side 24 in adjacency to respective first and second ends 20 and 21 thereof.
In addition and as shown in FIG. 2, a pair of the pouches 15, 16 may be secured to the web such that the first pair is positioned upon the front wall 12, with the second pair being positioned upon the rear wall 13. Regardless of the number of pouches 15, 16 utilized, the first and second pouches are filled with a granular weight material 19, such as indicated in FIG. 2.
The web 11 should be no bigger than is necessary to extend approximately once around a golf club shaft "G", as illustrated in FIG. 4. Therefore, a golf club having a shaft diameter "D" will result in a maximum web length "L", as shown in FIG. 1, of approximately 3.14159 X "D". Typically, shaft diameters are approximately 10 millimeters in diameter, resulting in a typical length "L" of the web 11 being substantially equal to 31.4159 millimeters.
To permit securement to a golf club shaft "G" when the flexible web 11 is positioned around the shaft structure, as indicated in FIG. 4, a flexible strap 17 is provided. The flexible strap 17 has a strap first end 22 and a strap second end 22a, with the first end 22 being mounted to the second pouch 16 in adjacency to a ring member 14 that in turn is securely mounted intermediate the first and second pouches 15, 16. Extending between the strap first and second ends 22 and 22a is a hook and loop fastener surface 18. To secure the device 10 to the shaft "G", the strap second end 22a may be wrapped around the web 11, threaded through the ring 14, and folded back upon itself, whereupon the strap second end is then allowed to engage the hook and loop fastener surface 18, such as indicated in FIG. 4. In this manner, ease of securement and removal of the organization relative to the golf club shaft is provided.
As best illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6, modified pouches 29 may be employed which additionally include fill flaps 30 which are releasably secured in a sealing relationship to the pouches 29 by flap hook fasteners 31 and pouch loop fasteners 32. The fill flaps 30 permit the selective replenishment and removal of granular material 19 from within the pouch structure 29 through the pouch aperture 33, as best illustrated in FIG. 6. In addition, when the fill flaps 30 are opened as shown in FIG. 6, the flaps form a substantially V-shaped funnel which allows for the ease of placement of the granular material 19 therein. The modified pouches 29 may be utilized in addition to or in lieu of the first and second pouches 15 and 16.
As to the manner of usage and operation of the instant invention, the same should be apparent from the above disclosure, and accordingly no further discussion relative to the manner of usage and operation of the instant invention shall be provided.
With respect to the above description then, it is to be realized that the optimum dimensional relationships for the parts of the invention, to include variations in size, materials, shape, form, function and manner of operation, assembly and use, are deemed readily apparent and obvious to one skilled in the art, and all equivalent relationships to those illustrated in the drawings and described in the specification are intended to be encompassed by the present invention.
Therefore, the foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the principles of the invention. Further, since numerous modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact construction and operation shown and described, and accordingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the invention. | A flexible web is arranged to have secured thereto a plurality of flexible pouches, with the web including first and second ends, with a strap member having a hook and loop fastener surface extending along the strap member, with a ring member mounted between the pouches such that the strap member is arranged to loop about the ring member for securement about itself when the flexible web is mounted about a golf club shaft. | This abstract summarizes a scientific paper on a new golf club practice swing weight apparatus. The invention addresses the deficiencies in prior art by providing a flexible web structure with pouches for accommodating granular material, allowing for easy mounting around a golf club shaft. The abstract highlights the advantages and novel features of the invention, including its ease of use, manufacturing efficiency, durability, and affordability. The abstract concludes by stating that the invention is not limited to the exact construction and operation described, and all suitable modifications and equivalents fall within the scope of the invention. | {
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"query": "Summarize the context",
"context": "BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION \n 1. Field of the Invention \n The field of invention relates to golf club apparatus, and more particularly pertains to a new golf club practice swing weight wherein the same is arranged for securement about the shaft portion of an associated golf club. \n 2. Description of the Prior Art \n Golf club swing weight structure is indicated in the prior art and exemplified by the U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,647,220; 4,842,280; and 4,045,034. \n The instant invention attempts to overcome deficiencies of the prior art by providing for a flexible web structure arranged for ease of mounting about a golf club shaft, wherein the web structure is arranged for accommodating granular material within associated pouches and in these respects, the present invention substantially fulfills this need. \n SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION \n In view of the disadvantages inherent in the known types of golf club practice swing weights now present in the prior art, the present invention provides a golf club practice swing weight wherein the same is arranged for ease of mounting about a golf club shaft. As such, the general purpose of the present invention, which will be described subsequently in greater detail, is to provide a new golf club practice swing weight apparatus and method which has many of the advantages of the prior art listed heretofore and many novel features that result in a golf club practice swing weight apparatus which is not anticipated, rendered obvious, suggested, or even implied by any of the prior art, either alone or in any combination thereof. \n To attain this, the present invention provides a flexible web arranged to have secured thereto a plurality of flexible pouches, with the web including first and second ends, with a strap member having a hook and loop fastener surface extending along the strap member, with a ring member mounted between the pouches such that the strap member is arranged to loop about the ring member for securement about itself when the flexible web is mounted about a golf club shaft. \n There has thus been outlined, rather broadly, the more important features of the invention in order that the detailed description thereof that follows may be better understood, and in order that the present contribution to the art may be better appreciated. There are, of course, additional features of the invention that will be described hereinafter and which will form the subject matter of the claims appended hereto. \n Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the conception, upon which this disclosure is based, may readily be designing of other structures, methods and systems for carrying out the several purposes of the present invention. It is important, therefore, that the claims be regarded as including such equivalent constructions insofar as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention. \n Further, the purpose of the foregoing abstract is to enable the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and the public generally, and especially the scientists, engineers and practitioners in the art who are not familiar with patent or legal terms or phraseology, to determine quickly from a cursory inspection the nature and essence of the technical disclosure of the application. The abstract is neither intended to define the invention of the application, which is measured by the claims, nor is it intended To be limiting as to the scope of the invention in any way. \n It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a new golf club practice swing weight apparatus and method which has many of the advantages of the prior art listed heretofore and many novel features that result in a apparatus which is not anticipated, rendered obvious, suggested, or even implied by any of the prior art, either alone or in any combination thereof. \n It is another object of the present invention to provide a new golf club practice swing weight which may be easily and efficiently manufactured and marketed. \n It is a further object of the present invention to provide a new golf club practice swing weight which is of a durable and reliable construction. \n An even further object of the present invention is to provide a new golf club practice swing weight which is susceptible of a low cost of manufacture with regard to both materials and labor, and which accordingly is then susceptible of low prices of sale to the consuming public, thereby making such golf club apparatus economically available to the buying public. \n Still yet another object of the present invention is to provide a new golf club practice swing weight which provides in the apparatuses and methods of the prior art some of the advantages thereof, while simultaneously overcoming some of the disadvantages normally associated therewith. \n An even further object of the present invention is to provide a new golf club practice swing weight which comprises a flexible web having a plurality of flexible pouches in which weighted material may be inserted. \n Still yet another object of the present invention is to provide a new golf club practice swing weight which comprises a flexible web having a plurality of flexible pouches, and a strap member such that the strap member may engage a ring member mounted between the pouches to secure the flexible member about itself and the shaft of a golf club. \n These together with other objects of the invention, along with the various features of novelty which characterize the invention, are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this disclosure. For a better understanding of the invention, its operating advantages and the specific objects attained by its uses, reference should be had to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which there is illustrated preferred embodiments of the invention. \n \n \n BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS \n The invention will be better understood and objects other than those set forth above will become apparent when consideration is given to the following detailed description thereof. Such description makes reference to the annexed drawings wherein: \n FIG. 1 is a front elevational view of the invention. \n FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view, taken along the lines 2--2 of FIG. 1 in the direction indicated by the arrows. \n FIG. 3 is a side elevational view of the invention. \n FIG. 4 is a further front elevational view of the invention arranged for mounting to a golf club shaft. \n FIG. 5 is a front elevational view of a modified pouch construction for use by the invention. \n FIG. 6 is a cross sectional view taken along lines 6--6 of FIG. 5. \n \n \n DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT \n With reference now to the drawings, and in particular to FIGS. 1-6 thereof, a new golf club practice swing weight embodying the principles and concepts of the present invention and generally designated by the reference numeral 10 will be descried. \n More specifically, the golf club practice swing weight 10 of the instant invention comprises a flexible web 11 having a front wall 12 spaced from a rear wall 13, and a web first end 20 spaced from a web second end 21, and a web first side 23 spaced from a web second side 24. First and second parallel, rectangular pouches 15 and 16 are mounted to the web and extend substantially between the web's first side 23 and the second side 24 in adjacency to respective first and second ends 20 and 21 thereof. \n In addition and as shown in FIG. 2, a pair of the pouches 15, 16 may be secured to the web such that the first pair is positioned upon the front wall 12, with the second pair being positioned upon the rear wall 13. Regardless of the number of pouches 15, 16 utilized, the first and second pouches are filled with a granular weight material 19, such as indicated in FIG. 2. \n The web 11 should be no bigger than is necessary to extend approximately once around a golf club shaft "G", as illustrated in FIG. 4. Therefore, a golf club having a shaft diameter "D" will result in a maximum web length "L", as shown in FIG. 1, of approximately 3.14159 X "D". Typically, shaft diameters are approximately 10 millimeters in diameter, resulting in a typical length "L" of the web 11 being substantially equal to 31.4159 millimeters. \n To permit securement to a golf club shaft "G" when the flexible web 11 is positioned around the shaft structure, as indicated in FIG. 4, a flexible strap 17 is provided. The flexible strap 17 has a strap first end 22 and a strap second end 22a, with the first end 22 being mounted to the second pouch 16 in adjacency to a ring member 14 that in turn is securely mounted intermediate the first and second pouches 15, 16. Extending between the strap first and second ends 22 and 22a is a hook and loop fastener surface 18. To secure the device 10 to the shaft "G", the strap second end 22a may be wrapped around the web 11, threaded through the ring 14, and folded back upon itself, whereupon the strap second end is then allowed to engage the hook and loop fastener surface 18, such as indicated in FIG. 4. In this manner, ease of securement and removal of the organization relative to the golf club shaft is provided. \n As best illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6, modified pouches 29 may be employed which additionally include fill flaps 30 which are releasably secured in a sealing relationship to the pouches 29 by flap hook fasteners 31 and pouch loop fasteners 32. The fill flaps 30 permit the selective replenishment and removal of granular material 19 from within the pouch structure 29 through the pouch aperture 33, as best illustrated in FIG. 6. In addition, when the fill flaps 30 are opened as shown in FIG. 6, the flaps form a substantially V-shaped funnel which allows for the ease of placement of the granular material 19 therein. The modified pouches 29 may be utilized in addition to or in lieu of the first and second pouches 15 and 16. \n As to the manner of usage and operation of the instant invention, the same should be apparent from the above disclosure, and accordingly no further discussion relative to the manner of usage and operation of the instant invention shall be provided. \n With respect to the above description then, it is to be realized that the optimum dimensional relationships for the parts of the invention, to include variations in size, materials, shape, form, function and manner of operation, assembly and use, are deemed readily apparent and obvious to one skilled in the art, and all equivalent relationships to those illustrated in the drawings and described in the specification are intended to be encompassed by the present invention. \n Therefore, the foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the principles of the invention. Further, since numerous modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact construction and operation shown and described, and accordingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the invention.",
"response": "This abstract summarizes a scientific paper on a new golf club practice swing weight apparatus. The invention addresses the deficiencies in prior art by providing a flexible web structure with pouches for accommodating granular material, allowing for easy mounting around a golf club shaft. The abstract highlights the advantages and novel features of the invention, including its ease of use, manufacturing efficiency, durability, and affordability. The abstract concludes by stating that the invention is not limited to the exact construction and operation described, and all suitable modifications and equivalents fall within the scope of the invention."
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SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A peanut food product with reduced levels of allergenic protein Ara h1 is produced by initiating the germination process in raw peanuts, holding the peanuts in moist conditions for a period of time, typically something like 48 hours, roasting the peanuts, and then performing an assay for Ara h1 to verify that a reduced level has been achieved.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing an embodiment of the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Peanuts contain certain proteins which cause allergic reactions in some people. One of these proteins is known as Ara h1. It has been discovered that the amount of Ara h1 in peanuts may be reduced or eliminated by the method disclosed herein. The method comprises two steps. First, raw peanut seeds are put into contact with water and maintained in an environment suitable to cause the germination process and embryo development to be initiated. Then, after about 48 hours, the seeds are gathered and roasted. A suitable time and temperature for this roasting has been found to be 60 minutes in a home-style, non-convection oven at a temperature of 350 F. After the roasting step, the peanuts may then be subjected to an assay for determining the presence of Ara h1 to verify that the resulting product is, indeed, hypoallergenic.
It has been found that both of these steps are required for the hypoallergenic effect to be observed. Peanuts which are roasted without undergoing the germination process retain high levels of Ara h1. Unroasted peanuts which are subjected to germinating conditions even for 48 hours or more also test with high levels of Ara h1. It is only when peanuts are subject to germinating conditions for an effective period of time, and then roasted, that a greatly decreased level of Ara h1 is observed.
The experimental procedure for implementing this invention in the laboratory was as follows. Reference numbers pertain to Drawing FIG. 1 :
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing exemplary steps of the inventive method.
1. Raw (that is, unroasted) peanuts 101 , without shells, but with the brown paper skin intact, were obtained from Whole Foods, a Seattle-area grocery vendor. 2. The nuts were surface sterilized 102 by soaking in a 10% solution of Clorox bleach for 15 minutes. 3. The nuts were then double rinsed with sterile water, and then moistened by soaking in sterile water for 6 hours. 4. A sterile paper towel moistened with sterile water was then placed in a glass tray, the nuts were layered atop the towel, and a similar covering towel was placed on top. The towels and nuts were formed into a roll, enclosed in a layer of plastic films to retain moisture, and kept in sterile conditions at room temperature (22 C) for given lengths of time. This step initiated the germination process of the seeds. A length of time 103 of about 48 hours was found effective. 5. The nuts were then taken from the towel roll and subjected to heat treatment, roasting 104 , and then assay 105 , so that the results of roasting could be determined.
The foregoing experimental procedure may be varied in numerous ways to accomplish the same results.
Since different strains and varieties of peanuts may have mutations in the gene for Ara h1, various mutant forms of this protein may theoretically exist from variety to variety. That is why it is important to verify the end result of the inventive process with an Ara h1 assay. The exact variety and source of peanuts for input into this inventive process is a results-effective variable ultimately determined by the final Ara h1 assay.
The sterilization steps are not necessarily required to implement the invention, but they are good sanitary practice to prevent spoilage organisms such as mold from forming upon the nuts during germination. Paper towels are not essential, but rather just an example of one means for contacting the nuts with moisture with a view toward initiating and sustaining the seed germination process.
The length of time the germination process should be permitted to continue until the heating step such as roasting is initiated was found to be about 48 hours in the experimental setup, but this could be either a longer or shorter time depending upon process requirements, the individual qualities of the seed stock input, such as seed age, genetics, initial moisture contents, fat content, overall seed quality and health, and other factors. The actual time required for a commercial process is a results-effective variable that is ultimately determined by the results of an Ara h1 assay as a final step in the method. In the experiments conducted, a sandwich ELISA assay was used comprising polyclonal antibodies responsive to Ara h1, HRP enzyme, and TMB as the HRP substrate. It was found that the amount of Ara H1 upon 24 hour soaking/germination process completion was about 50% of that observed in the nuts at hour 0. After 48 hours of soaking/germination, the level of Ara h1 observed was very low, and further decreases were not observed with samples that were subjected to longer periods of germination/soaking.
The result of these processing steps may be used in the normal manner as a food product to be used as any other roasted peanut product, for example as a food topping, material for peanut butter production, etc.
It is believed that allergenic proteins other than Ara h1 will be degraded in a similar manner by the process of germination and roasting described herein. | A peanut food product with reduced levels of allergenic protein Ala h1 is produced by initiating the germination process in raw peanuts, holding the peanuts in moist conditions for a period of time, typically something like 48 hours, roasting the peanuts, and then performing an assay for Ala h1 to verify that a reduced level has been achieved. | This abstract summarizes a method for producing a peanut food product with reduced levels of the allergenic protein Ara h1. The process involves initiating germination in raw peanuts, holding them in moist conditions for 48 hours, roasting them, and performing an assay to verify reduced levels of Ara h1. The abstract also mentions the experimental procedure used to implement the method and highlights the importance of verifying the results with an Ara h1 assay. The abstract concludes by suggesting that other allergenic proteins may be degraded in a similar manner through this process. | {
"name": "Irftc",
"display_name": "Faithfulness",
"data": {
"query": "Summarize the context",
"context": "SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION \n A peanut food product with reduced levels of allergenic protein Ara h1 is produced by initiating the germination process in raw peanuts, holding the peanuts in moist conditions for a period of time, typically something like 48 hours, roasting the peanuts, and then performing an assay for Ara h1 to verify that a reduced level has been achieved. \n \n \n \n DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING \n FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing an embodiment of the invention. \n \n \n \n DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION \n Peanuts contain certain proteins which cause allergic reactions in some people. One of these proteins is known as Ara h1. It has been discovered that the amount of Ara h1 in peanuts may be reduced or eliminated by the method disclosed herein. The method comprises two steps. First, raw peanut seeds are put into contact with water and maintained in an environment suitable to cause the germination process and embryo development to be initiated. Then, after about 48 hours, the seeds are gathered and roasted. A suitable time and temperature for this roasting has been found to be 60 minutes in a home-style, non-convection oven at a temperature of 350 F. After the roasting step, the peanuts may then be subjected to an assay for determining the presence of Ara h1 to verify that the resulting product is, indeed, hypoallergenic. \n It has been found that both of these steps are required for the hypoallergenic effect to be observed. Peanuts which are roasted without undergoing the germination process retain high levels of Ara h1. Unroasted peanuts which are subjected to germinating conditions even for 48 hours or more also test with high levels of Ara h1. It is only when peanuts are subject to germinating conditions for an effective period of time, and then roasted, that a greatly decreased level of Ara h1 is observed. \n The experimental procedure for implementing this invention in the laboratory was as follows. Reference numbers pertain to Drawing FIG. 1 : \n BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS \n FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing exemplary steps of the inventive method.\n 1. Raw (that is, unroasted) peanuts 101 , without shells, but with the brown paper skin intact, were obtained from Whole Foods, a Seattle-area grocery vendor. 2. The nuts were surface sterilized 102 by soaking in a 10% solution of Clorox bleach for 15 minutes. 3. The nuts were then double rinsed with sterile water, and then moistened by soaking in sterile water for 6 hours. 4. A sterile paper towel moistened with sterile water was then placed in a glass tray, the nuts were layered atop the towel, and a similar covering towel was placed on top. The towels and nuts were formed into a roll, enclosed in a layer of plastic films to retain moisture, and kept in sterile conditions at room temperature (22 C) for given lengths of time. This step initiated the germination process of the seeds. A length of time 103 of about 48 hours was found effective. 5. The nuts were then taken from the towel roll and subjected to heat treatment, roasting 104 , and then assay 105 , so that the results of roasting could be determined. \n\n The foregoing experimental procedure may be varied in numerous ways to accomplish the same results. \n Since different strains and varieties of peanuts may have mutations in the gene for Ara h1, various mutant forms of this protein may theoretically exist from variety to variety. That is why it is important to verify the end result of the inventive process with an Ara h1 assay. The exact variety and source of peanuts for input into this inventive process is a results-effective variable ultimately determined by the final Ara h1 assay. \n The sterilization steps are not necessarily required to implement the invention, but they are good sanitary practice to prevent spoilage organisms such as mold from forming upon the nuts during germination. Paper towels are not essential, but rather just an example of one means for contacting the nuts with moisture with a view toward initiating and sustaining the seed germination process. \n The length of time the germination process should be permitted to continue until the heating step such as roasting is initiated was found to be about 48 hours in the experimental setup, but this could be either a longer or shorter time depending upon process requirements, the individual qualities of the seed stock input, such as seed age, genetics, initial moisture contents, fat content, overall seed quality and health, and other factors. The actual time required for a commercial process is a results-effective variable that is ultimately determined by the results of an Ara h1 assay as a final step in the method. In the experiments conducted, a sandwich ELISA assay was used comprising polyclonal antibodies responsive to Ara h1, HRP enzyme, and TMB as the HRP substrate. It was found that the amount of Ara H1 upon 24 hour soaking/germination process completion was about 50% of that observed in the nuts at hour 0. After 48 hours of soaking/germination, the level of Ara h1 observed was very low, and further decreases were not observed with samples that were subjected to longer periods of germination/soaking. \n The result of these processing steps may be used in the normal manner as a food product to be used as any other roasted peanut product, for example as a food topping, material for peanut butter production, etc. \n It is believed that allergenic proteins other than Ara h1 will be degraded in a similar manner by the process of germination and roasting described herein.",
"response": "This abstract summarizes a method for producing a peanut food product with reduced levels of the allergenic protein Ara h1. The process involves initiating germination in raw peanuts, holding them in moist conditions for 48 hours, roasting them, and performing an assay to verify reduced levels of Ara h1. The abstract also mentions the experimental procedure used to implement the method and highlights the importance of verifying the results with an Ara h1 assay. The abstract concludes by suggesting that other allergenic proteins may be degraded in a similar manner through this process."
},
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"reason": "The response can be inferred using ONLY the information provided in the context. The context provides a detailed description of the method for reducing levels of the allergenic protein Ara h1 in peanuts, which includes initiating germination, holding the peanuts in moist conditions for about 48 hours, roasting them, and performing an assay to verify reduced levels of Ara h1. The response accurately summarizes these steps and also correctly mentions the experimental procedure and the importance of the Ara h1 assay, which are all discussed in the context. Additionally, the response correctly concludes with the suggestion that other allergenic proteins may be degraded similarly, which is also mentioned in the context.",
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} | false | The response can be inferred using ONLY the information provided in the context. The context provides a detailed description of the method for reducing levels of the allergenic protein Ara h1 in peanuts, which includes initiating germination, holding the peanuts in moist conditions for about 48 hours, roasting them, and performing an assay to verify reduced levels of Ara h1. The response accurately summarizes these steps and also correctly mentions the experimental procedure and the importance of the Ara h1 assay, which are all discussed in the context. Additionally, the response correctly concludes with the suggestion that other allergenic proteins may be degraded similarly, which is also mentioned in the context. | 0 | {
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PRIORITY CLAIM
This application claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/221,394 filed on Jun. 29, 2009.
BACKGROUND
The present invention relates generally to exercise equipment, and more particularly to a portable exercise device that can be used in different locations for physical fitness and physical therapy.
Regular exercise is vital to a person's physical fitness and can help protect a person from heart disease, stroke, and other health maladies such as high blood pressure, noninsulin-dependent diabetes, obesity, back pain and osteoporosis. Exercise also can improve a person's mood, help to manage stress and help a person recover from an injury through physical therapy.
Many people exercise at gyms having exercise equipment such as treadmills, exercise bikes and machines. Other people purchase their own exercise equipment for exercising at home.
Exercising becomes difficult and expensive for people who travel, however, because many hotels do not have exercise rooms or the exercise rooms have limited equipment. Furthermore, many travelers have to pay to use a local gym, which can be expensive if they are staying at a particular location for an extended period of time. Also, smaller towns do not tend to have gyms and therefore travelers are forced to drive a long distance to a gym, which is inconvenient, or not exercise at all.
Additionally, conventional exercise equipment used for step-up and step-down progressions, push-up progressions, stable single leg training exercises and progressive sit to stand exercises is typically large, bulky and difficult to use for physically unstable persons, persons with disabilities and persons rehabbing injuries. Furthermore, such equipment is not readily portable between locations.
SUMMARY
The present portable exercise device provides a single, portable device for use in physical fitness and physical therapy that allows a user to perform several exercises at varying levels of difficulty in different locations.
More specifically, a portable exercise device is provided that includes a support structure and a pair of opposing handrails pivotably connected to the support structure. The handrails are movable between a storage position and a use position. A platform is selectively positionable on the handrails for adjusting a vertical position of the platform relative to the handrails.
In another embodiment, a portable exercise device is provided that includes a foldable support structure, a pair of opposing handrails connected to the support structure and a platform selectively positionable on the handrails for adjusting a vertical position of the platform relative to the handrails. The handrails are movable between a use position, wherein the handrails are substantially transverse to the support structure, and a storage position, wherein support structure is folded enabling the handrails to be moved inwardly until the handrails are adjacent to each other.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a front perspective view of an embodiment of the present portable exercise device;
FIG. 2 is a front perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 with the platform removed and the support is cross-braced with horizontal straps and a diagonal strap;
FIG. 3 is a front perspective view of another embodiment of the present portable exercise device with the platform removed and the support has a bi-fold structure;
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary exploded perspective view of a removable arm pad and one of the supports of the present portable exercise device of FIG. 1 or 3 ;
FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of the removable arm pad of FIG. 4 ;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 3 shown in a compact, folded state;
FIG. 7 is a front view of another embodiment of the support structure for the present exercise device;
FIG. 8 is a front perspective view of the support structure of FIG. 7 ; and
FIG. 9 is a front perspective view of the present exercise device including the support structure of FIG. 7 .
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Referring to FIGS. 1-9 , the present exercise device generally provides a single portable device for use in physical fitness and physical therapy that allows the user to perform several exercises at varying levels of difficulty in different locations.
The present exercise device includes a support structure 1 , right and left handrails 2 a , 2 b , an array of attachment ports or socks 8 - 31 and a removable platform including platform feet 32 . The exercise device may optionally include a platform cover.
Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 2 , the support structure 1 includes two horizontal straps 3 a and one diagonal strap 3 b that are welded together. In another embodiment shown in FIG. 3 , the support structure 1 has a bi-fold back panel 3 c . The material used to build the support structure 1 is preferably metal but the support structure can be made with any suitable material such as metal, wood, plastic, synthetic materials, or other material of suitable strength.
The left handrail 2 b and the right handrail 2 a are each generally arch-shaped and have a flat top surface. In a preferred embodiment, the handrails 2 a , 2 b are each approximately 42 inches in height and 20 inches in width. It should be appreciated that the handrails may be any suitable height and width. The handrails 2 a , 2 b , are connected to the support structure 1 using a means that will allow them to pivot or swing in and out like cabinet doors from a storage position where the handrails are pivoted inwardly against the support structure, and a use position where the handrails are transverse to the support structure ( FIG. 1 ). The means can be the hinges 4 , 5 , 6 and 7 which, in a preferred embodiment, are traditional door hinges or any suitable types of hinges. The parts of the handrails 2 a , 2 b can be made of materials that are for example metal, plastic, wood, or synthetic material, but are not limited such materials and may be any suitable material or combination of materials.
There are at least two vertical sections of each of the handrails 2 a , 2 b and each vertical section has six receptors, attachment socks or ports 8 - 31 . These attachment socks are located on an inner or interior surface of the vertical sections of the handrail at intervals of approximately every six inches starting from the floor and going up to the top where the vertical section curves. These socks 8 - 31 can have the form of slots, keyholes, or any aperture that has the capability to support the platform 32 and the weight of a human being.
Referring to FIG. 1 , the platform 32 is preferably a rectangular shaped piece of metal, wood, plastic, or any suitable synthetic material that is made to fit tightly between the four vertical sections of the handrails 2 a , 2 b . The platform 32 has feet 40 which can be, but are not limited to, hooks or posts. The feet 40 can be located anywhere on each of the four corners of the platform 32 . The platform 32 can also have a cover 42 ( FIG. 5 ) for the comfort of the user or to prevent slipping. The platform cover 42 can be made of any suitable material and is preferably made of plastic, rubber, gel, cloth, or a synthetic material.
The assembled device is designed to open up wide enough to attach and remove the platform 32 , and to connect and disconnect the platform posts or feet 40 to or from the attachment ports 8 - 31 at various points, in order to accommodate a person standing between the handrails 2 a , 2 b . The ability to adjust the height of the platform 32 or to remove it completely makes it possible to do multiple exercises with varying degrees of difficulty. As shown in FIG. 6 , with the platform 32 removed, and the exercise device no longer in use, the handrails 2 a , 2 b can close in on the bi-fold panel 3 c due to the hinges 4 , 5 , 6 , and 7 attached to all three parts, thus allowing for easy storage.
The bi-fold panel 3 c can be made of one solid sheet of metal, wood, or synthetic material, or combinations thereof. It could also be formed of two sheets of metal with hinges down the center ( FIG. 3 ). Alternatively, some formation of braces and straps 3 a , 3 b could be used to allow the support structure 1 to fold ( FIGS. 1-2 ).
The handrails 2 a , 2 b can be made of solid metal or can be formed of metal tubing that is bent into the correct shape. The metal tubing can be drilled to make keyholes or slots in the vertical sections of the handrails 2 a , 2 b to make the attachment ports 8 - 31 . Alternatively, a manufacturer could weld short pieces of metal tubing at each location for the attachment ports.
The platform 32 could be as simple as a plank of wood with hooks or nails to serve as the platform feet 42 . In an alternative embodiment, the platform 32 is made by bending square metal tubing into a rectangle having supporting cross braces of the same material. A thin sheet of metal is then welded over the tubing structure to create the platform 32 . Welding on metal hooks, pins or sections of a smaller diameter metal tube makes platform posts or feet on such a metal construction.
Referring to FIGS. 4 and 5 , the exercise device also includes an arm pad 38 and armrest 39 that are bolted on to the horizontal top bar of the handrails 2 a , 2 b for a user to grasp and support or stabilize themselves while using the device. Specifically, the arm pad 38 is positioned on a plate or board 44 , which is positioned on the armrest 39 . The arm pad 38 includes holes (not shown) that are aligned with holes 46 on the board 44 and holes 48 on the armrest 39 . Fasteners such as threaded bolts 50 are inserted respectively through the holes in the arm pad 38 , the holes 46 in the board 44 and the holes 48 in the armrest 39 and then through holes 45 defined on the top surface of the handrails 2 a and 2 b to secure an arm pad 38 and an armrest 39 to at least one and preferably both of the handrails. The bolts 50 are secured in place by washers 52 and wing nuts 54 . A grip 56 may optionally be secured to the armrest 39 to provide comfort for a user. The arm pad 38 substantially increases the functionality of the device.
Referring to FIGS. 7-9 , another embodiment of the present exercise device is shown and includes support structure 1 ′ having two generally square support posts 58 joined together by a horizontal beam 60 and angled gussets or cross beams 62 that are each connected to one of the posts and extend downwardly to a central portion of the horizontal beam. The ends of the horizontal beam 60 are welded to the posts 58 . Similarly, one end of each of the gussets 62 is respectively welded to the posts 58 and the opposing ends are welded to the horizontal beam 60 as shown in FIG. 8 . It should be appreciated that the posts 58 , the horizontal beam 60 and the gussets 62 may be connected together by fasteners or any suitable connectors or connection methods. It should also be appreciated that the posts 58 , the horizontal beam 60 and the gussets 62 are made of metal but may also be made with a composite material or any other suitable material or combination of materials.
At least one, and preferably two spaced collars 64 are connected to and extend laterally from a same side of the posts 58 as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 . Each of the collars 64 defines a throughole configured to receive an end of one of the handrails 2 a , 2 b such that the end of one of the handrails slides through both collars aligned on one side of the support structure 1 ′ (see FIG. 9 ). After insertion of the handrails 2 a , 2 b through the collars 64 , the rear sides of the handrails are each positioned adjacent to and in front of the posts 58 . The inner diameter of the collars 64 is generally larger than an outer diameter of the handrails 2 a , 2 b so that the handrails can be rotated from a storage position adjacent to the support structure 1 ′ to a use position ( FIG. 9 ) transverse to the support structure or further outwardly if needed.
In the illustrated embodiment, one or more grips 68 may be attached to the handrails 2 a , 2 b to provide comfort to a user's hands during use and to help prevent a user's hands from slipping on the handrails. The grips 68 may be out of rubber or any suitable non-slip material.
The bottom ends of each of the handrails 2 a , 2 b include at least one foot 66 for stabilizing the exercise device on the underlying support surface. Each foot is made out of rubber or other suitable non-slip, durable material. As shown in FIG. 9 , an additional L-shaped foot support 70 is movably connected to each of the handrails 2 a , 2 b to provide extra stability and support to the exercise device. The foot supports 70 are movable between a storage position adjacent to the support structure 1 ′ and a use position that is generally transverse to the support structure (see FIG. 9 ). It should be appreciated that the foot supports 70 may be moved to any suitable position or positions relative to the support structure. Each of the foot supports 70 include at least one foot 66 .
The present exercise device provides a compact, portable device that allows a user to do a full body workout. There is currently known to be available no single, portable exercise device that allows a person of any fitness level to do a variety of assisted and unassisted push-ups, step-ups and jump-ups, dips, squats, and lunges at various selected levels of difficulty. The arm pad and armrest 38 , 39 provides convenience and comfort in those exercises which require the user to support part of his body weight with their arms.
While a particular embodiment of the present portable exercise device has been described herein, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the following claims. | A portable exercise device including a support structure and a pair of opposing handrails pivotably connected to the support structure. The handrails are movable between a storage position and a use position. A platform is selectively positionable on the handrails for adjusting a vertical position of the platform relative to the handrails. | This abstract introduces a portable exercise device that can be used for physical fitness and physical therapy in various locations. The device includes a support structure, handrails that can be moved between storage and use positions, and a platform that can be adjusted vertically. The device is designed to be compact and portable, allowing users to perform multiple exercises at different difficulty levels. The abstract also mentions additional features such as arm pads and armrests for added convenience and comfort. Overall, this portable exercise device provides a versatile solution for individuals seeking to maintain an active lifestyle while on the go. | {
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"query": "Summarize the context",
"context": "PRIORITY CLAIM \n This application claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/221,394 filed on Jun. 29, 2009. \n \n \n BACKGROUND \n The present invention relates generally to exercise equipment, and more particularly to a portable exercise device that can be used in different locations for physical fitness and physical therapy. \n Regular exercise is vital to a person's physical fitness and can help protect a person from heart disease, stroke, and other health maladies such as high blood pressure, noninsulin-dependent diabetes, obesity, back pain and osteoporosis. Exercise also can improve a person's mood, help to manage stress and help a person recover from an injury through physical therapy. \n Many people exercise at gyms having exercise equipment such as treadmills, exercise bikes and machines. Other people purchase their own exercise equipment for exercising at home. \n Exercising becomes difficult and expensive for people who travel, however, because many hotels do not have exercise rooms or the exercise rooms have limited equipment. Furthermore, many travelers have to pay to use a local gym, which can be expensive if they are staying at a particular location for an extended period of time. Also, smaller towns do not tend to have gyms and therefore travelers are forced to drive a long distance to a gym, which is inconvenient, or not exercise at all. \n Additionally, conventional exercise equipment used for step-up and step-down progressions, push-up progressions, stable single leg training exercises and progressive sit to stand exercises is typically large, bulky and difficult to use for physically unstable persons, persons with disabilities and persons rehabbing injuries. Furthermore, such equipment is not readily portable between locations. \n SUMMARY \n The present portable exercise device provides a single, portable device for use in physical fitness and physical therapy that allows a user to perform several exercises at varying levels of difficulty in different locations. \n More specifically, a portable exercise device is provided that includes a support structure and a pair of opposing handrails pivotably connected to the support structure. The handrails are movable between a storage position and a use position. A platform is selectively positionable on the handrails for adjusting a vertical position of the platform relative to the handrails. \n In another embodiment, a portable exercise device is provided that includes a foldable support structure, a pair of opposing handrails connected to the support structure and a platform selectively positionable on the handrails for adjusting a vertical position of the platform relative to the handrails. The handrails are movable between a use position, wherein the handrails are substantially transverse to the support structure, and a storage position, wherein support structure is folded enabling the handrails to be moved inwardly until the handrails are adjacent to each other. \n \n \n \n BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS \n FIG. 1 is a front perspective view of an embodiment of the present portable exercise device; \n FIG. 2 is a front perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 with the platform removed and the support is cross-braced with horizontal straps and a diagonal strap; \n FIG. 3 is a front perspective view of another embodiment of the present portable exercise device with the platform removed and the support has a bi-fold structure; \n FIG. 4 is a fragmentary exploded perspective view of a removable arm pad and one of the supports of the present portable exercise device of FIG. 1 or 3 ; \n FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of the removable arm pad of FIG. 4 ; \n FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 3 shown in a compact, folded state; \n FIG. 7 is a front view of another embodiment of the support structure for the present exercise device; \n FIG. 8 is a front perspective view of the support structure of FIG. 7 ; and \n FIG. 9 is a front perspective view of the present exercise device including the support structure of FIG. 7 . \n \n \n \n DETAILED DESCRIPTION \n Referring to FIGS. 1-9 , the present exercise device generally provides a single portable device for use in physical fitness and physical therapy that allows the user to perform several exercises at varying levels of difficulty in different locations. \n The present exercise device includes a support structure 1 , right and left handrails 2 a , 2 b , an array of attachment ports or socks 8 - 31 and a removable platform including platform feet 32 . The exercise device may optionally include a platform cover. \n Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 2 , the support structure 1 includes two horizontal straps 3 a and one diagonal strap 3 b that are welded together. In another embodiment shown in FIG. 3 , the support structure 1 has a bi-fold back panel 3 c . The material used to build the support structure 1 is preferably metal but the support structure can be made with any suitable material such as metal, wood, plastic, synthetic materials, or other material of suitable strength. \n The left handrail 2 b and the right handrail 2 a are each generally arch-shaped and have a flat top surface. In a preferred embodiment, the handrails 2 a , 2 b are each approximately 42 inches in height and 20 inches in width. It should be appreciated that the handrails may be any suitable height and width. The handrails 2 a , 2 b , are connected to the support structure 1 using a means that will allow them to pivot or swing in and out like cabinet doors from a storage position where the handrails are pivoted inwardly against the support structure, and a use position where the handrails are transverse to the support structure ( FIG. 1 ). The means can be the hinges 4 , 5 , 6 and 7 which, in a preferred embodiment, are traditional door hinges or any suitable types of hinges. The parts of the handrails 2 a , 2 b can be made of materials that are for example metal, plastic, wood, or synthetic material, but are not limited such materials and may be any suitable material or combination of materials. \n There are at least two vertical sections of each of the handrails 2 a , 2 b and each vertical section has six receptors, attachment socks or ports 8 - 31 . These attachment socks are located on an inner or interior surface of the vertical sections of the handrail at intervals of approximately every six inches starting from the floor and going up to the top where the vertical section curves. These socks 8 - 31 can have the form of slots, keyholes, or any aperture that has the capability to support the platform 32 and the weight of a human being. \n Referring to FIG. 1 , the platform 32 is preferably a rectangular shaped piece of metal, wood, plastic, or any suitable synthetic material that is made to fit tightly between the four vertical sections of the handrails 2 a , 2 b . The platform 32 has feet 40 which can be, but are not limited to, hooks or posts. The feet 40 can be located anywhere on each of the four corners of the platform 32 . The platform 32 can also have a cover 42 ( FIG. 5 ) for the comfort of the user or to prevent slipping. The platform cover 42 can be made of any suitable material and is preferably made of plastic, rubber, gel, cloth, or a synthetic material. \n The assembled device is designed to open up wide enough to attach and remove the platform 32 , and to connect and disconnect the platform posts or feet 40 to or from the attachment ports 8 - 31 at various points, in order to accommodate a person standing between the handrails 2 a , 2 b . The ability to adjust the height of the platform 32 or to remove it completely makes it possible to do multiple exercises with varying degrees of difficulty. As shown in FIG. 6 , with the platform 32 removed, and the exercise device no longer in use, the handrails 2 a , 2 b can close in on the bi-fold panel 3 c due to the hinges 4 , 5 , 6 , and 7 attached to all three parts, thus allowing for easy storage. \n The bi-fold panel 3 c can be made of one solid sheet of metal, wood, or synthetic material, or combinations thereof. It could also be formed of two sheets of metal with hinges down the center ( FIG. 3 ). Alternatively, some formation of braces and straps 3 a , 3 b could be used to allow the support structure 1 to fold ( FIGS. 1-2 ). \n The handrails 2 a , 2 b can be made of solid metal or can be formed of metal tubing that is bent into the correct shape. The metal tubing can be drilled to make keyholes or slots in the vertical sections of the handrails 2 a , 2 b to make the attachment ports 8 - 31 . Alternatively, a manufacturer could weld short pieces of metal tubing at each location for the attachment ports. \n The platform 32 could be as simple as a plank of wood with hooks or nails to serve as the platform feet 42 . In an alternative embodiment, the platform 32 is made by bending square metal tubing into a rectangle having supporting cross braces of the same material. A thin sheet of metal is then welded over the tubing structure to create the platform 32 . Welding on metal hooks, pins or sections of a smaller diameter metal tube makes platform posts or feet on such a metal construction. \n Referring to FIGS. 4 and 5 , the exercise device also includes an arm pad 38 and armrest 39 that are bolted on to the horizontal top bar of the handrails 2 a , 2 b for a user to grasp and support or stabilize themselves while using the device. Specifically, the arm pad 38 is positioned on a plate or board 44 , which is positioned on the armrest 39 . The arm pad 38 includes holes (not shown) that are aligned with holes 46 on the board 44 and holes 48 on the armrest 39 . Fasteners such as threaded bolts 50 are inserted respectively through the holes in the arm pad 38 , the holes 46 in the board 44 and the holes 48 in the armrest 39 and then through holes 45 defined on the top surface of the handrails 2 a and 2 b to secure an arm pad 38 and an armrest 39 to at least one and preferably both of the handrails. The bolts 50 are secured in place by washers 52 and wing nuts 54 . A grip 56 may optionally be secured to the armrest 39 to provide comfort for a user. The arm pad 38 substantially increases the functionality of the device. \n Referring to FIGS. 7-9 , another embodiment of the present exercise device is shown and includes support structure 1 ′ having two generally square support posts 58 joined together by a horizontal beam 60 and angled gussets or cross beams 62 that are each connected to one of the posts and extend downwardly to a central portion of the horizontal beam. The ends of the horizontal beam 60 are welded to the posts 58 . Similarly, one end of each of the gussets 62 is respectively welded to the posts 58 and the opposing ends are welded to the horizontal beam 60 as shown in FIG. 8 . It should be appreciated that the posts 58 , the horizontal beam 60 and the gussets 62 may be connected together by fasteners or any suitable connectors or connection methods. It should also be appreciated that the posts 58 , the horizontal beam 60 and the gussets 62 are made of metal but may also be made with a composite material or any other suitable material or combination of materials. \n At least one, and preferably two spaced collars 64 are connected to and extend laterally from a same side of the posts 58 as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 . Each of the collars 64 defines a throughole configured to receive an end of one of the handrails 2 a , 2 b such that the end of one of the handrails slides through both collars aligned on one side of the support structure 1 ′ (see FIG. 9 ). After insertion of the handrails 2 a , 2 b through the collars 64 , the rear sides of the handrails are each positioned adjacent to and in front of the posts 58 . The inner diameter of the collars 64 is generally larger than an outer diameter of the handrails 2 a , 2 b so that the handrails can be rotated from a storage position adjacent to the support structure 1 ′ to a use position ( FIG. 9 ) transverse to the support structure or further outwardly if needed. \n In the illustrated embodiment, one or more grips 68 may be attached to the handrails 2 a , 2 b to provide comfort to a user's hands during use and to help prevent a user's hands from slipping on the handrails. The grips 68 may be out of rubber or any suitable non-slip material. \n The bottom ends of each of the handrails 2 a , 2 b include at least one foot 66 for stabilizing the exercise device on the underlying support surface. Each foot is made out of rubber or other suitable non-slip, durable material. As shown in FIG. 9 , an additional L-shaped foot support 70 is movably connected to each of the handrails 2 a , 2 b to provide extra stability and support to the exercise device. The foot supports 70 are movable between a storage position adjacent to the support structure 1 ′ and a use position that is generally transverse to the support structure (see FIG. 9 ). It should be appreciated that the foot supports 70 may be moved to any suitable position or positions relative to the support structure. Each of the foot supports 70 include at least one foot 66 . \n The present exercise device provides a compact, portable device that allows a user to do a full body workout. There is currently known to be available no single, portable exercise device that allows a person of any fitness level to do a variety of assisted and unassisted push-ups, step-ups and jump-ups, dips, squats, and lunges at various selected levels of difficulty. The arm pad and armrest 38 , 39 provides convenience and comfort in those exercises which require the user to support part of his body weight with their arms. \n While a particular embodiment of the present portable exercise device has been described herein, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the following claims.",
"response": "This abstract introduces a portable exercise device that can be used for physical fitness and physical therapy in various locations. The device includes a support structure, handrails that can be moved between storage and use positions, and a platform that can be adjusted vertically. The device is designed to be compact and portable, allowing users to perform multiple exercises at different difficulty levels. The abstract also mentions additional features such as arm pads and armrests for added convenience and comfort. Overall, this portable exercise device provides a versatile solution for individuals seeking to maintain an active lifestyle while on the go."
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CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a continuation application of co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/732,834, filed 8 Jun. 2015, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/815,286, filed 16 Feb. 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,078,906, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/634,174, filed 24 Feb. 2012, each of which is incorporated herein as though fully set forth.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Technical Field
[0002] The invention relates to use of crustacean hemolymph (particularly but not exclusively from lobster), or active extracts thereof or compounds therewith, to impact mammalian immune systems through topical treatments of viral and neoplastic skin lesions and wound healing.
[0003] In the Homarus americanus circulatory system the heart is a single-chambered sac consisting of striated muscles with several openings called ostia. It is suspended in and surrounded by a blood sinus called the pericardium which lies directly above the pyloric stomach on the dorsal (upper) surface of the animal, just under the carapace. Invertebrates have a dorsally positioned circulatory system and a ventral nerve cord, whereas vertebrates have a ventrally located circulatory system and a dorsal nervous system. The blood, or hemolymph, passes from the pericardium, through the ostia, and into the heart. At the beginning of a contraction, the ostia close (via ostial flaps), the intracardial pressure increases, which opens the cardioarterial valves so that the heart can empty. Blood is pushed into the major arteries, most of which are directed forward to supply sensory organs and vital systems. Arteries also run toward the abdomen, both ventrally and dorsally, to supply blood to the pereiopods, ventral nerves, gut, and abdominal muscles. From these arteries the blood enters sinuses, or blood cavities. These sinuses bathe the various organs. No veins are present to return the blood to the heart. Instead, blood returns to the heart via interconnecting spaces known as venous sinuses which open back into the pericardium. Because of this architecture, the lobster's circulatory system is known as an “open” system. After contraction, the heart muscle relaxes, intracardiac pressure drops, the cardioarterial valves close, the heart is distended by action of the ligaments, the ostia open, and the hemolymph enters from the pericardium. (Lobster Conservancy, 2004)
[0004] Hemolymph in arthropods is composed of water, inorganic salts (mostly Na + , Cl − , K + , Mg 2+ , and Ca 2+ ), and organic compounds (mostly carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids). Hemocytes are free-floating cells within the hemolymph. They play a role in the arthropod immune system, which resides in the hemolymph.
[0005] Lobster hemolymph contains metalloproteins (proteins that include a metallic ion), most notably the oxygen-carrying hemocyanin (similar to human hemoglobin, but containing copper rather than iron). Hemocyanins are chromoprotein and account for more than 90% of all the crustacean hemolymph protein. Hemocyanins occur as hexamers composed of six heterogeneous monomeric subunits. Each subunit holds an active site of two coppers, with only one corresponding oxygen molecule. Recent studies show hemocyanins provide important immune functions in crustaceans. (Pan, 2008.)
[0006] Hemolymph from mollusk and arthropods has been shown to have antiviral properties. It is not known how the hemolymph interacts with tissue to produce this effect. However, it is known that the immune system of arthropods resides in the hemolymph and the hemocytes within the hemolymph play a role, which may be part of the explanation. Immune systems protect organisms from foreign substances, also known as non-self materials, including pathogens.
[0007] Unlike vertebrates, invertebrates such as crustaceans do not have immune memory or adaptive immunity; rather they rely on innate or natural immune responses. Innate immune systems are “phylogenetically a more ancient defense mechanism and can be found in all multicellular organisms. This system is the first line of defense that helps to limit infection at an early stage, and relies on germ line encoded receptors that recognizes conserved molecular patterns present on microorganisms.” (Young, 2002.) According to Soderhall, one such innate reaction in crustaceans is “the clotting process, which is very efficient and rapid and consists of a clotting protein [belonging to the vitellogenin superfamily of proteins] present in plasma and a transglutaminase in the blood cells.” (Soderhall, 1999.)
[0008] Crustacean hemocytes play an important role in immune reactions, and “are capable of phagocytosis, encapsulation, nodule formation, and mediation of cytotoxicity.” (Soderhall, 1992.)
[0009] This is a summary of some related work:
[0010] Regarding the species Abalone— Haliotis asinine , a study has been conducted on effects of hemolymph and components on the following viruses: HIV, H1N1, Human papilloma virus, Herpesvirus, and rhinovirus. (Patent—USPTO—20110033499) Regarding the species Buckmoth—Lepidoptera: saturniidae, a study has been conducted on effects of hemolymph on the following viruses: measles, H1N1, and polio. (Greco, 2009)
[0011] Regarding the species, Shrimp— Penaeus monodon a study has been conducted on effects of component hemocyanin on the following virus: White Spot Virus (Zhang, 2003)
[0012] Regarding the species, Snail— Rapana venosa , a study has been conducted on effects of hemolymph on the following virus: Herpesvirus. (Dolashka-Angelova, 2009)
[0013] Regarding the species Oyster— Crassostrea gigas , a study has been conducted on effects of hemolymph on the following viruses: Herpesvirus, Pancreatic necrosis virus. (Olicard, 2005)
[0014] Hemocyanin extracted from keyhole limpet hemolymph been shown to be effective in treating bladder cancer. (Linn et al, 2000)
[0015] Hemocyanin and arylphorin from arthropod species Eurypelma, Limulus, Astacus, Carcinus and Calliphora have been shown to be possible treatments for tumors in warm-blooded animals (Stiefel, et al. Patent—USPTO U.S. Pat. No. 5,231,081)
[0016] Broad antiviral activity was found in tissues of crustacean (Blue crab— Callinectes sapidus , shrimp— Penaeus setiferus , and crayfish— Procambarus clarkia ) affecting Sindbis virus, vaccinia virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, mengo virus, banzie virus and poliomyelitis (Pan, 2000)
[0017] All publications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference.
[0018] Any discussion of documents, acts, materials, devices, articles, or the like that has been included in this specification is solely for the purpose of providing a context for the present invention. It is not to be taken as an admission that any or all of these matters form part of the prior art base or were common general knowledge in the field relevant to the present invention as it existed anywhere before the priority date of this application.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
[0019] The inventions provides a formulation and process for utilizing hemolymph from the lobster (particularly but not exclusively Homarus americanus ), and extracts thereof and compounds therewith, as topical treatment and/or an ameliorant for both viral and neoplastic or pre-neoplastic tissue lesions, and wound healing.
[0020] The invention relates to preparations, including but not limited to: liquids; ointments; slurries, powders; and/or crystals made using crustacean hemolymph with a variety of ancillary compounds, including but not limited to carageenans, starches, gelatins, vitamins, aloe, proteins, glycerins, parabens, crustacean shell powder, mineral oils, and plant oils. The hemolymph is rendered in particular but not exclusively from the lobster genus: species Homarus americanus.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0021] Hemolymph from the lobster, particularly but not exclusively Homarus americanus is utilized (neat or with active fragments extracted or in compounds) for the treatment in mammals of viral (such as Molluscum contagiosum, Verruca vulgaris—commonly known as warts, among others) and tissue neoplastic or pre-neoplastic lesions (such as ephelides, solar lentigos—commonly known as sun spots, and actinic keratosis, among others). By “neat” it is meant the hemolymph is in the form collected from the lobster, and by “active fragments” it is meant a fragment or fragments of the hemolymph that stimulate an immune response.
[0022] Typically, the mammal treated will be human. The treatment can also be applied to other mammals such as those in the bovine, porcine, ovine, equine, canine, or feline families, among others.
[0023] Preparation may involve partial drying of whole hemolymph or plasma to produce a slurry.
[0024] The hemolymph can be incorporated into a cosmetic or pharmaceutical compound together with a suitable carrier or carriers i.e. carageenans, starches, gelatins, vitamins, aloe, proteins, glycerins, parabens, crustacean shell powder, mineral oils, and plant oils. In non-clinical testing, various skin lesions were exposed to lobster hemolymph neat or absorbed into fibrous absorptive material attached to adhesive tape. It was found that the topical hemolymph treatment had an atrophic and/or fading effect on said lesions. It is not known how the hemolymph interacts with tissue to produce his effect. However, it is known that the immune system of arthropods resides in the hemolymph and the hemocytes within the hemolymph play a role, which may be part of the explanation.
[0025] The following examples provide further descriptive details of the invention:
EXAMPLE 1
Extraction of Hemolymph from American lobster ( Homarus americanus )
[0026] Hemolymph is extracted using a variety of methods, including but not limited to:
1.1. needle and syringe to pierce the pericardial membrane to draw directly from circulatory system; 1.2. using a knife or scalpel to lance the soft tissue allowing blood flow to a catch basin or bottle; 1.3. by separating the thorax (body) from the abdomen (tail) thus opening the circulatory system at the pericardium and draining the hemolymph into a catch basin or bottle.
EXAMPLE 2
Treatment of Molluscum Contagiosum With Homarus americanus Hemolymph—Neat Anecdotal Study
[0030] A juvenile female human suffering from molluscum contagiosum lesions treated with neat hemolymph (“neat” is defined as that form of hemolymph extracted directly from the lobster) in a dose 0.5 ml for 5 days. The treated lesion atrophied over the course of the treatment period, whereas, adjacent lesions remained unchanged during that same time period.
EXAMPLE 3
Treatment of an Actinic Lesion With Homarus americanus Hemolymph—Neat Anecdotal Study
[0031] An adult male human with a facial actinic lesion was treated with neat hemolymph in a dose of 0.5 ml for approximately 10 days. Before the hemolymph was administered the lesion was prepared by lightly abrading the affected epidermis. The lesion initially blanched and then and appeared to atrophy over the course of the treatment.
EXAMPLE 4
Treatment of Verruca vulgaris With Homarus americanus Hemolymph—Neat Anecdotal Study
[0032] An adult male human with a manifestation of the virus Verruca vulgaris (a common wart) topically treated the lesion with neat hemolymph in a dose of 0.5 mL sporadically over two weeks. Over the course of treatment the wart softened and atrophied.
EXAMPLE 5
Treatment of Herpes zoster with Homarus americanus Hemolymph—Neat Anecdotal Study
[0033] An adult female exhibiting a rash from the virus Herpes zoster (shingles) topically treated the rash with neat hemolymph in a dose of approximately 0.5 ml and noticed considerable reduction is redness, itchiness and swelling in a 12 hour period.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0034] NA
REFERENCES
[0035] Cuthbertson, Adrian—Inventor. 2011. Original Assignee: MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY AUSTRALIA PTY LTD. Current U.S. Classification: 424/208.1; 424/204.1; 424/209.1; 424/229.1; 424/230.1; 424/231.1; 514/3.7; 514/3.8; 514/4.2
[0036] Dolashka P, Velkova L, Iliev I, Beck A, Dolashki A, Yossifova L, Toshkova R, Voelter W, Zacharieva S. 2003. Antitumor activity of glycosylated molluscan hemocyanins via Guerin ascites tumor. Eur Urol.; 37 Suppl 3:34-40. (Institute of Organic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, G. Bonchev 9, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria. pda54@ abv.bg)
[0037] Greco K N, Mendonça R M, Moraes R H, Mancini D A, Mendonça R Z. 2004. Antiviral activity of the hemolymph of Lonomia obliqua (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Antiviral Res. Feb; 61(2):93-9.
[0038] Linn J F, Black P, Derksen K, Rübben H, Thüroff J W. 2009. Keyhole limpet haemocyanin in experimental bladder cancer: literature review and own results. Antiviral Res. Oct; 84(1):84-90. Epub 2009 Aug. 7. (Department of Urology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Germany. jflinn@compuserve.com)
[0039] Lobster Conservancy. 2004. Retrieved from http://www.lobsters.org/tlcbio/biology5.html
[0040] Olicard C, Didier Y, Marty C, Bourgougnon N, Renault T. 2005. In vitro research of anti-HSV-1 activity in different extracts from Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas . Dis Aquat Organ. 2005 Nov 9; 67(1-2):141-7. PMID: 16385820
[0041] Olicard C, Renault T, Torhy C, Benmansour A, Bourgougnon N. 2005. Putative antiviral activity in hemolymph from adult Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas . Antiviral Res. Jun; 66(2-3):147-52. Epub Apr 26.
[0042] Pan. 2008. PAN, L., & JIN, C. (2008). A review on hemocyanins of crustacean. Journal of Fisheries of China/Shuichan Xuebao, 32(3), 484-491. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.prxy4.ursus.maine.edu/docview/883018286?accountid=14583
[0043] Pan, J., Kurosky, A., Xu, B., Chopra, A. K., Coppenhaver, D. H., Singh, I. P, & Baron, S. 2000. Broad antiviral activity in tissues of crustaceans. Antiviral Research, 48(1), 39-47. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.prxy4.ursus.maine.edu/docview/17741569? accountid=14583
[0044] Soderhall, K. 1999 . Review of crustacean immunity . Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.prxy4.ursus.maine.edu/docview/18106793?accountid=14583
[0045] Soderhall, K., & Cerenius, L. 1992. Crustacean immunity. Annual Review of Fish Diseases, 2, 3-23. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.prxy4.ursus.maine.edu/docview/15681912?accountid=14583 Abstract (summary)
[0046] Stiefel, T., Porcher, H., Markl, J.,—Inventors. 1993. Use of hemocyanins and arylphorins to influence the immune system and for the treatment of tumors. USPTO # U.S. Pat. No. 5,231,081
[0047] Young Lee, S., & Soederhaell, K. 2002. Early events in crustacean innate immunity. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 12(5), 421-437. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/fsim.2002.0420
[0048] Zhang X, Huang C, Qin Q. 2003. Antiviral properties of hemocyanin isolated from shrimp Penaeus monodon . (Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, The Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 361005, Xiamen, PR China.) | The invention is crustacean hemolymph as a utility for the pharmaceutical and/or cosmetic treatment of viral and other neoplastic or pre-neoplastic mammalian tissue lesions. The method comprises topically administering to mammalian tissue a formula that is made from lobster hemolymph—neat; or lobster hemolymph extracts; or lobster hemolyph in combination with certain carriers, binders; or as an adjuvant. The hemolymph may be from various species of lobster, Homarus americanus in particular. | This abstract summarizes a continuation application of a patent relating to the use of crustacean hemolymph, specifically from lobsters, as a topical treatment for viral and neoplastic skin lesions and wound healing. The hemolymph, which contains metalloproteins such as hemocyanin, is hypothesized to interact with tissue to produce therapeutic effects. The invention provides a formulation and process for utilizing hemolymph, extracts, and compounds in various preparations. Anecdotal studies have shown positive results in treating molluscum contagiosum, actinic lesions, verruca vulgaris, and herpes zoster using neat lobster hemolymph. The invention has potential applications for humans and other mammals. | {
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"context": "CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS \n [0001] This application is a continuation application of co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/732,834, filed 8 Jun. 2015, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/815,286, filed 16 Feb. 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,078,906, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/634,174, filed 24 Feb. 2012, each of which is incorporated herein as though fully set forth. \n \n \n BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION \n Technical Field \n [0002] The invention relates to use of crustacean hemolymph (particularly but not exclusively from lobster), or active extracts thereof or compounds therewith, to impact mammalian immune systems through topical treatments of viral and neoplastic skin lesions and wound healing. \n [0003] In the Homarus americanus circulatory system the heart is a single-chambered sac consisting of striated muscles with several openings called ostia. It is suspended in and surrounded by a blood sinus called the pericardium which lies directly above the pyloric stomach on the dorsal (upper) surface of the animal, just under the carapace. Invertebrates have a dorsally positioned circulatory system and a ventral nerve cord, whereas vertebrates have a ventrally located circulatory system and a dorsal nervous system. The blood, or hemolymph, passes from the pericardium, through the ostia, and into the heart. At the beginning of a contraction, the ostia close (via ostial flaps), the intracardial pressure increases, which opens the cardioarterial valves so that the heart can empty. Blood is pushed into the major arteries, most of which are directed forward to supply sensory organs and vital systems. Arteries also run toward the abdomen, both ventrally and dorsally, to supply blood to the pereiopods, ventral nerves, gut, and abdominal muscles. From these arteries the blood enters sinuses, or blood cavities. These sinuses bathe the various organs. No veins are present to return the blood to the heart. Instead, blood returns to the heart via interconnecting spaces known as venous sinuses which open back into the pericardium. Because of this architecture, the lobster's circulatory system is known as an “open” system. After contraction, the heart muscle relaxes, intracardiac pressure drops, the cardioarterial valves close, the heart is distended by action of the ligaments, the ostia open, and the hemolymph enters from the pericardium. (Lobster Conservancy, 2004) \n [0004] Hemolymph in arthropods is composed of water, inorganic salts (mostly Na + , Cl − , K + , Mg 2+ , and Ca 2+ ), and organic compounds (mostly carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids). Hemocytes are free-floating cells within the hemolymph. They play a role in the arthropod immune system, which resides in the hemolymph. \n [0005] Lobster hemolymph contains metalloproteins (proteins that include a metallic ion), most notably the oxygen-carrying hemocyanin (similar to human hemoglobin, but containing copper rather than iron). Hemocyanins are chromoprotein and account for more than 90% of all the crustacean hemolymph protein. Hemocyanins occur as hexamers composed of six heterogeneous monomeric subunits. Each subunit holds an active site of two coppers, with only one corresponding oxygen molecule. Recent studies show hemocyanins provide important immune functions in crustaceans. (Pan, 2008.) \n [0006] Hemolymph from mollusk and arthropods has been shown to have antiviral properties. It is not known how the hemolymph interacts with tissue to produce this effect. However, it is known that the immune system of arthropods resides in the hemolymph and the hemocytes within the hemolymph play a role, which may be part of the explanation. Immune systems protect organisms from foreign substances, also known as non-self materials, including pathogens. \n [0007] Unlike vertebrates, invertebrates such as crustaceans do not have immune memory or adaptive immunity; rather they rely on innate or natural immune responses. Innate immune systems are “phylogenetically a more ancient defense mechanism and can be found in all multicellular organisms. This system is the first line of defense that helps to limit infection at an early stage, and relies on germ line encoded receptors that recognizes conserved molecular patterns present on microorganisms.” (Young, 2002.) According to Soderhall, one such innate reaction in crustaceans is “the clotting process, which is very efficient and rapid and consists of a clotting protein [belonging to the vitellogenin superfamily of proteins] present in plasma and a transglutaminase in the blood cells.” (Soderhall, 1999.) \n [0008] Crustacean hemocytes play an important role in immune reactions, and “are capable of phagocytosis, encapsulation, nodule formation, and mediation of cytotoxicity.” (Soderhall, 1992.) \n [0009] This is a summary of some related work: \n [0010] Regarding the species Abalone— Haliotis asinine , a study has been conducted on effects of hemolymph and components on the following viruses: HIV, H1N1, Human papilloma virus, Herpesvirus, and rhinovirus. (Patent—USPTO—20110033499) Regarding the species Buckmoth—Lepidoptera: saturniidae, a study has been conducted on effects of hemolymph on the following viruses: measles, H1N1, and polio. (Greco, 2009) \n [0011] Regarding the species, Shrimp— Penaeus monodon a study has been conducted on effects of component hemocyanin on the following virus: White Spot Virus (Zhang, 2003) \n [0012] Regarding the species, Snail— Rapana venosa , a study has been conducted on effects of hemolymph on the following virus: Herpesvirus. (Dolashka-Angelova, 2009) \n [0013] Regarding the species Oyster— Crassostrea gigas , a study has been conducted on effects of hemolymph on the following viruses: Herpesvirus, Pancreatic necrosis virus. (Olicard, 2005) \n [0014] Hemocyanin extracted from keyhole limpet hemolymph been shown to be effective in treating bladder cancer. (Linn et al, 2000) \n [0015] Hemocyanin and arylphorin from arthropod species Eurypelma, Limulus, Astacus, Carcinus and Calliphora have been shown to be possible treatments for tumors in warm-blooded animals (Stiefel, et al. Patent—USPTO U.S. Pat. No. 5,231,081) \n [0016] Broad antiviral activity was found in tissues of crustacean (Blue crab— Callinectes sapidus , shrimp— Penaeus setiferus , and crayfish— Procambarus clarkia ) affecting Sindbis virus, vaccinia virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, mengo virus, banzie virus and poliomyelitis (Pan, 2000) \n [0017] All publications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference. \n [0018] Any discussion of documents, acts, materials, devices, articles, or the like that has been included in this specification is solely for the purpose of providing a context for the present invention. It is not to be taken as an admission that any or all of these matters form part of the prior art base or were common general knowledge in the field relevant to the present invention as it existed anywhere before the priority date of this application. \n SUMMARY OF INVENTION \n [0019] The inventions provides a formulation and process for utilizing hemolymph from the lobster (particularly but not exclusively Homarus americanus ), and extracts thereof and compounds therewith, as topical treatment and/or an ameliorant for both viral and neoplastic or pre-neoplastic tissue lesions, and wound healing. \n [0020] The invention relates to preparations, including but not limited to: liquids; ointments; slurries, powders; and/or crystals made using crustacean hemolymph with a variety of ancillary compounds, including but not limited to carageenans, starches, gelatins, vitamins, aloe, proteins, glycerins, parabens, crustacean shell powder, mineral oils, and plant oils. The hemolymph is rendered in particular but not exclusively from the lobster genus: species Homarus americanus. \n \n \n DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION \n [0021] Hemolymph from the lobster, particularly but not exclusively Homarus americanus is utilized (neat or with active fragments extracted or in compounds) for the treatment in mammals of viral (such as Molluscum contagiosum, Verruca vulgaris—commonly known as warts, among others) and tissue neoplastic or pre-neoplastic lesions (such as ephelides, solar lentigos—commonly known as sun spots, and actinic keratosis, among others). By “neat” it is meant the hemolymph is in the form collected from the lobster, and by “active fragments” it is meant a fragment or fragments of the hemolymph that stimulate an immune response. \n [0022] Typically, the mammal treated will be human. The treatment can also be applied to other mammals such as those in the bovine, porcine, ovine, equine, canine, or feline families, among others. \n [0023] Preparation may involve partial drying of whole hemolymph or plasma to produce a slurry. \n [0024] The hemolymph can be incorporated into a cosmetic or pharmaceutical compound together with a suitable carrier or carriers i.e. carageenans, starches, gelatins, vitamins, aloe, proteins, glycerins, parabens, crustacean shell powder, mineral oils, and plant oils. In non-clinical testing, various skin lesions were exposed to lobster hemolymph neat or absorbed into fibrous absorptive material attached to adhesive tape. It was found that the topical hemolymph treatment had an atrophic and/or fading effect on said lesions. It is not known how the hemolymph interacts with tissue to produce his effect. However, it is known that the immune system of arthropods resides in the hemolymph and the hemocytes within the hemolymph play a role, which may be part of the explanation. \n [0025] The following examples provide further descriptive details of the invention: \n EXAMPLE 1 \n Extraction of Hemolymph from American lobster ( Homarus americanus ) \n [0026] Hemolymph is extracted using a variety of methods, including but not limited to:\n 1.1. needle and syringe to pierce the pericardial membrane to draw directly from circulatory system; 1.2. using a knife or scalpel to lance the soft tissue allowing blood flow to a catch basin or bottle; 1.3. by separating the thorax (body) from the abdomen (tail) thus opening the circulatory system at the pericardium and draining the hemolymph into a catch basin or bottle. \n \n EXAMPLE 2 \n Treatment of Molluscum Contagiosum With Homarus americanus Hemolymph—Neat Anecdotal Study \n [0030] A juvenile female human suffering from molluscum contagiosum lesions treated with neat hemolymph (“neat” is defined as that form of hemolymph extracted directly from the lobster) in a dose 0.5 ml for 5 days. The treated lesion atrophied over the course of the treatment period, whereas, adjacent lesions remained unchanged during that same time period. \n EXAMPLE 3 \n Treatment of an Actinic Lesion With Homarus americanus Hemolymph—Neat Anecdotal Study \n [0031] An adult male human with a facial actinic lesion was treated with neat hemolymph in a dose of 0.5 ml for approximately 10 days. Before the hemolymph was administered the lesion was prepared by lightly abrading the affected epidermis. The lesion initially blanched and then and appeared to atrophy over the course of the treatment. \n EXAMPLE 4 \n Treatment of Verruca vulgaris With Homarus americanus Hemolymph—Neat Anecdotal Study \n [0032] An adult male human with a manifestation of the virus Verruca vulgaris (a common wart) topically treated the lesion with neat hemolymph in a dose of 0.5 mL sporadically over two weeks. Over the course of treatment the wart softened and atrophied. \n EXAMPLE 5 \n Treatment of Herpes zoster with Homarus americanus Hemolymph—Neat Anecdotal Study \n [0033] An adult female exhibiting a rash from the virus Herpes zoster (shingles) topically treated the rash with neat hemolymph in a dose of approximately 0.5 ml and noticed considerable reduction is redness, itchiness and swelling in a 12 hour period. \n BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS \n [0034] NA \n REFERENCES \n [0035] Cuthbertson, Adrian—Inventor. 2011. Original Assignee: MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY AUSTRALIA PTY LTD. Current U.S. Classification: 424/208.1; 424/204.1; 424/209.1; 424/229.1; 424/230.1; 424/231.1; 514/3.7; 514/3.8; 514/4.2 \n [0036] Dolashka P, Velkova L, Iliev I, Beck A, Dolashki A, Yossifova L, Toshkova R, Voelter W, Zacharieva S. 2003. Antitumor activity of glycosylated molluscan hemocyanins via Guerin ascites tumor. Eur Urol.; 37 Suppl 3:34-40. (Institute of Organic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, G. Bonchev 9, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria. pda54@ abv.bg) \n [0037] Greco K N, Mendonça R M, Moraes R H, Mancini D A, Mendonça R Z. 2004. Antiviral activity of the hemolymph of Lonomia obliqua (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Antiviral Res. Feb; 61(2):93-9. \n [0038] Linn J F, Black P, Derksen K, Rübben H, Thüroff J W. 2009. Keyhole limpet haemocyanin in experimental bladder cancer: literature review and own results. Antiviral Res. Oct; 84(1):84-90. Epub 2009 Aug. 7. (Department of Urology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Germany. jflinn@compuserve.com) \n [0039] Lobster Conservancy. 2004. Retrieved from http://www.lobsters.org/tlcbio/biology5.html \n [0040] Olicard C, Didier Y, Marty C, Bourgougnon N, Renault T. 2005. In vitro research of anti-HSV-1 activity in different extracts from Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas . Dis Aquat Organ. 2005 Nov 9; 67(1-2):141-7. PMID: 16385820 \n [0041] Olicard C, Renault T, Torhy C, Benmansour A, Bourgougnon N. 2005. Putative antiviral activity in hemolymph from adult Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas . Antiviral Res. Jun; 66(2-3):147-52. Epub Apr 26. \n [0042] Pan. 2008. PAN, L., & JIN, C. (2008). A review on hemocyanins of crustacean. Journal of Fisheries of China/Shuichan Xuebao, 32(3), 484-491. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.prxy4.ursus.maine.edu/docview/883018286?accountid=14583 \n [0043] Pan, J., Kurosky, A., Xu, B., Chopra, A. K., Coppenhaver, D. H., Singh, I. P, & Baron, S. 2000. Broad antiviral activity in tissues of crustaceans. Antiviral Research, 48(1), 39-47. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.prxy4.ursus.maine.edu/docview/17741569? accountid=14583 \n [0044] Soderhall, K. 1999 . Review of crustacean immunity . Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.prxy4.ursus.maine.edu/docview/18106793?accountid=14583 \n [0045] Soderhall, K., & Cerenius, L. 1992. Crustacean immunity. Annual Review of Fish Diseases, 2, 3-23. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.prxy4.ursus.maine.edu/docview/15681912?accountid=14583 Abstract (summary) \n [0046] Stiefel, T., Porcher, H., Markl, J.,—Inventors. 1993. Use of hemocyanins and arylphorins to influence the immune system and for the treatment of tumors. USPTO # U.S. Pat. No. 5,231,081 \n [0047] Young Lee, S., & Soederhaell, K. 2002. Early events in crustacean innate immunity. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 12(5), 421-437. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/fsim.2002.0420 \n [0048] Zhang X, Huang C, Qin Q. 2003. Antiviral properties of hemocyanin isolated from shrimp Penaeus monodon . (Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, The Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 361005, Xiamen, PR China.)",
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This application is a divisional of Ser. No. 08/437,166 filed May 8, 1995 U.S. Pat. No. 5,666,761.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The field of the present invention is agricultural systems for drying grapes and related vine products.
Grapes have long been cultivated for the production of raisins. Vineyards are typically laid out in rows of grapevines which are spaced apart and oriented for tractor access and for conducting the raisin making process. The vines are arranged with grape stakes periodically placed along each row. The grape stakes extend vertically and support one or more wires extending along the row. The wires support the vines during the growing season.
In preparation for the harvest, the areas between the rows are planed smooth. Square sheets of paper called trays are laid out on the planed areas. The workers then manually cut bunches of grapes and place them on the trays. After several days, the grapes are turned on the trays to insure complete drying. Once dried, the trays are folded up so as to retain the raisins and transported from the field.
The described process has certain drawbacks. Of greatest concern is the weather. During the critical drying process, any significant precipitation can destroy the product. If allowed to become sufficiently wet, the product will become moldy. Entire crops can be ruined by the rain in this way.
Certain disadvantages to the process are realized because the trays are placed on the ground and between the rows of vines. The foregoing problem with moisture is aggravated with the trays on the ground. A significant amount of dirt and sand can become intermixed with the raisins, resulting in the need for a greater and more costly cleaning operation. The rows are typically oriented in an East/West direction to capture the greatest amount of sunshine on the ground between rows. The rows are also further apart from one another for the same reason. The added cost of preparing the area between the vines with planing is a necessary additional expense in preparation for placement of the trays on the ground. Even with the preparation, a significant amount of products can be lost because of grapes rolling off the paper trays.
The lack of automation in this process also inhibits efficient operation. Significant labor costs are incurred in the planing, placing of the trays, placing harvested grapes on the trays, turning the grapes and gathering the raisins. The work is very laborious and physically challenging.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to a method for drying grapes which includes elevated porous trays. Harvested grapes are placed on a porous horizontal mesh tray supported above the ground. The grapes are later removed when they are dried to raisins. The tray material provides an appropriate environment for drying raisins even with otherwise devastating moisture.
Thus, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved method for the manufacture of raisins from grapes. Other and further objects and advantages will appear hereinafter.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a grape drying system.
FIG. 2 is a side view of the grape drying system of FIG. 1 with a nonporous sheet overlying the porous trays.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Turning in detail to the drawings, a system for drying grapes is illustrated. A vertical support 10 is illustrated as including a traditional grape stake 12 which may or may not be simultaneously employed to support the conventional wires used to support the vines during the growing season. Atop the grape stake 12 is a molded plastic attachment support 14. The grape stake 12 and the attachment support 14 defining the vertical support 10 extend upwardly from the ground to a point above the anticipated growth of the grapevines during a season.
The attachment support 14 may take on any convenient shape but is designed to attach to the grape stake 12 and to support trays extending between each vertical support 10. A socket 16 is defined at one end of the attachment support to slip over the end of the grape stake 12. A central post 18 extends upwardly from the socket 16. A tubular sleeve 20 extends from each side of the central post 18 to receive poles 22 extending from adjacent vertical supports 10. The poles may be of PVC pipe of sufficient wall thickness and diameter to accommodate the weight of grapes in the supported tray.
In constructing the foregoing structure, the grape stakes are preferably placed at uniform spaces along a row of grapevines. The supporting structure on the grape stakes 12 may then be assembled by placing a first attachment support 14 on a grape stake 12 at one end of the row of grapevines. A pole 22 acting as a first support element may then be inserted in the tubular sleeve 20 associated with that first attachment support 14. A second attachment support 14 on the next adjacent grape stake 12 is then positioned by first placing the tubular sleeve 20 around the pole 22 and then placing the socket 16 down on the second grape stake 12. Using this construction and method of attachment, there can be significant tolerance between the grape stakes 12 and yet the structure can accommodate a secure placement of each of the poles 22.
Side posts 24 and 26 are also formed in this embodiment as part of the attachment support 14. These side posts 24 and 26 include holes 28 for receipt of wires 30 the wires acting as second and third support elements. The holes 28, in other embodiments, may be replaced by slots, with or without locking devices, to retain the wires 30 in the event that the wires 30 are preferably disassociated with the support 14 without undue difficulty. The wires 30 are drawn taut to minimize any sagging. A convenient mechanism for maintaining tension is to extend each wire 30 downwardly to a stake 32. Conventional tensioning mechanisms such as a turnbuckle may be used.
Porous horizontal trays 34 are arranged on the foregoing structure. Black plastic porous cloth material of the type used for partial shade is contemplated. Such material is typically of nylon and is a mesh fabric. The trays 34 extend between the wires 30. Any one of a number of mechanisms may be employed to retain the trays 34 on the wires 30. One such mechanism for retaining the tray material in place is synthetic materials which adhere when pressed together such as VELCRO. Complementary strips of material are arranged in parallel adjacent to one another along the edges of the tray material 34. The tray material is folded over a wire such that the two strips adhere to one another. Hooks, grommets and the like may also be used for attachment to the wires 30.
The tray material 34 may be arranged to extend various lengths. The material may extend between grape stakes 12 or along a complete row without break. In the event that it may be of interest to remove the material when not in use, a roller assembly 36 at one end of the row may be conveniently mounted to accept rollers for rolling up the tray material 34.
The black plastic porous tray material 34 is intended for long term utility. The interstices in the cloth are preferably large enough to avoid retention of water and at the same time too small for grapes or raisins to fall through. The material must be rugged as significant weight is contemplated.
To assist in retaining the tray 34 spread open, intermediate spreaders 38 may be arranged. These spreaders 38 can be of spring wire extending between the wires 30 and preferably engaging the poles 22.
A sheeting material 40 may also be arranged with the drying system. The sheeting material 40 is preferably of clear plastic able to transmit light. The material 40 is contemplated to be arranged on top of the porous tray material 34. This material may be stowed on rollers used on the roller assembly 36 and drawn out when appropriate such as with impending rain. The same or separate roller assemblies 36 may be used for the separate trays 34 and cover sheeting 40. If the appropriate material is selected, it may be possible to simply leave the material in place throughout the drying. Fasteners may also be employed along the length of each side of the sheeting material 40 for retention on the trays 34.
To utilize the drying system, the grapes may be manually placed and the raisins manually removed. However, a more efficient system would be to include a portable lift which moves along with the pickers. The picked grapes would be positioned on the lift and a belt or other lifting mechanism would convey the product onto the trays. Once dried, a portable vacuum system could be used to quickly remove the raisins, stems and the like from the trays.
The foregoing system is contemplated to be used to advantage in laying out a vineyard. The area between rows of vines may be left fallow. The rows may be close together and oriented to better match topography and convenience. Automation of the harvesting and treating process may also be more applicable with the continuous and easily located trays. Finally, the tray material provides an appropriate environment for drying raisins even with otherwise devastating moisture. The black color and the porosity may also accelerate the drying process.
Thus, a new drying system for vine products is disclosed. While embodiments and applications of this invention have been shown and described, it would be apparent to those skilled in the art that many more modifications are possible without departing from the inventive concepts herein. The invention, therefore is not to be restricted except in the spirit of the appended claims. | A method for drying grapes from a vineyard using vertical supports extending above the rows of grapevines and porous horizontal trays extending above the grapevines along each row supported by the vertical supports. A black plastic porous tray material defines the trays which stretch between parallel wires supported by a periodic structure for spreading the wires. The tray material may be wrapped about the wires at its outer edges and held by synthetic materials which adhere when pressed together. | This abstract describes a method for drying grapes using elevated porous trays. The traditional method of drying grapes on the ground between rows of vines has several drawbacks, such as susceptibility to weather conditions and contamination with dirt and sand. The proposed method involves using a support structure with trays made of porous cloth material, allowing for better drying and preventing moisture-related issues. The system also offers potential for automation and improved efficiency in the drying and harvesting process. Overall, this drying system for vine products presents a more effective and reliable approach to grape drying. | {
"name": "Irftc",
"display_name": "Faithfulness",
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"query": "Summarize the context",
"context": "This application is a divisional of Ser. No. 08/437,166 filed May 8, 1995 U.S. Pat. No. 5,666,761. \n \n \n BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION \n The field of the present invention is agricultural systems for drying grapes and related vine products. \n Grapes have long been cultivated for the production of raisins. Vineyards are typically laid out in rows of grapevines which are spaced apart and oriented for tractor access and for conducting the raisin making process. The vines are arranged with grape stakes periodically placed along each row. The grape stakes extend vertically and support one or more wires extending along the row. The wires support the vines during the growing season. \n In preparation for the harvest, the areas between the rows are planed smooth. Square sheets of paper called trays are laid out on the planed areas. The workers then manually cut bunches of grapes and place them on the trays. After several days, the grapes are turned on the trays to insure complete drying. Once dried, the trays are folded up so as to retain the raisins and transported from the field. \n The described process has certain drawbacks. Of greatest concern is the weather. During the critical drying process, any significant precipitation can destroy the product. If allowed to become sufficiently wet, the product will become moldy. Entire crops can be ruined by the rain in this way. \n Certain disadvantages to the process are realized because the trays are placed on the ground and between the rows of vines. The foregoing problem with moisture is aggravated with the trays on the ground. A significant amount of dirt and sand can become intermixed with the raisins, resulting in the need for a greater and more costly cleaning operation. The rows are typically oriented in an East/West direction to capture the greatest amount of sunshine on the ground between rows. The rows are also further apart from one another for the same reason. The added cost of preparing the area between the vines with planing is a necessary additional expense in preparation for placement of the trays on the ground. Even with the preparation, a significant amount of products can be lost because of grapes rolling off the paper trays. \n The lack of automation in this process also inhibits efficient operation. Significant labor costs are incurred in the planing, placing of the trays, placing harvested grapes on the trays, turning the grapes and gathering the raisins. The work is very laborious and physically challenging. \n SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION \n The present invention is directed to a method for drying grapes which includes elevated porous trays. Harvested grapes are placed on a porous horizontal mesh tray supported above the ground. The grapes are later removed when they are dried to raisins. The tray material provides an appropriate environment for drying raisins even with otherwise devastating moisture. \n Thus, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved method for the manufacture of raisins from grapes. Other and further objects and advantages will appear hereinafter. \n \n \n BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS \n FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a grape drying system. \n FIG. 2 is a side view of the grape drying system of FIG. 1 with a nonporous sheet overlying the porous trays. \n \n \n DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT \n Turning in detail to the drawings, a system for drying grapes is illustrated. A vertical support 10 is illustrated as including a traditional grape stake 12 which may or may not be simultaneously employed to support the conventional wires used to support the vines during the growing season. Atop the grape stake 12 is a molded plastic attachment support 14. The grape stake 12 and the attachment support 14 defining the vertical support 10 extend upwardly from the ground to a point above the anticipated growth of the grapevines during a season. \n The attachment support 14 may take on any convenient shape but is designed to attach to the grape stake 12 and to support trays extending between each vertical support 10. A socket 16 is defined at one end of the attachment support to slip over the end of the grape stake 12. A central post 18 extends upwardly from the socket 16. A tubular sleeve 20 extends from each side of the central post 18 to receive poles 22 extending from adjacent vertical supports 10. The poles may be of PVC pipe of sufficient wall thickness and diameter to accommodate the weight of grapes in the supported tray. \n In constructing the foregoing structure, the grape stakes are preferably placed at uniform spaces along a row of grapevines. The supporting structure on the grape stakes 12 may then be assembled by placing a first attachment support 14 on a grape stake 12 at one end of the row of grapevines. A pole 22 acting as a first support element may then be inserted in the tubular sleeve 20 associated with that first attachment support 14. A second attachment support 14 on the next adjacent grape stake 12 is then positioned by first placing the tubular sleeve 20 around the pole 22 and then placing the socket 16 down on the second grape stake 12. Using this construction and method of attachment, there can be significant tolerance between the grape stakes 12 and yet the structure can accommodate a secure placement of each of the poles 22. \n Side posts 24 and 26 are also formed in this embodiment as part of the attachment support 14. These side posts 24 and 26 include holes 28 for receipt of wires 30 the wires acting as second and third support elements. The holes 28, in other embodiments, may be replaced by slots, with or without locking devices, to retain the wires 30 in the event that the wires 30 are preferably disassociated with the support 14 without undue difficulty. The wires 30 are drawn taut to minimize any sagging. A convenient mechanism for maintaining tension is to extend each wire 30 downwardly to a stake 32. Conventional tensioning mechanisms such as a turnbuckle may be used. \n Porous horizontal trays 34 are arranged on the foregoing structure. Black plastic porous cloth material of the type used for partial shade is contemplated. Such material is typically of nylon and is a mesh fabric. The trays 34 extend between the wires 30. Any one of a number of mechanisms may be employed to retain the trays 34 on the wires 30. One such mechanism for retaining the tray material in place is synthetic materials which adhere when pressed together such as VELCRO. Complementary strips of material are arranged in parallel adjacent to one another along the edges of the tray material 34. The tray material is folded over a wire such that the two strips adhere to one another. Hooks, grommets and the like may also be used for attachment to the wires 30. \n The tray material 34 may be arranged to extend various lengths. The material may extend between grape stakes 12 or along a complete row without break. In the event that it may be of interest to remove the material when not in use, a roller assembly 36 at one end of the row may be conveniently mounted to accept rollers for rolling up the tray material 34. \n The black plastic porous tray material 34 is intended for long term utility. The interstices in the cloth are preferably large enough to avoid retention of water and at the same time too small for grapes or raisins to fall through. The material must be rugged as significant weight is contemplated. \n To assist in retaining the tray 34 spread open, intermediate spreaders 38 may be arranged. These spreaders 38 can be of spring wire extending between the wires 30 and preferably engaging the poles 22. \n A sheeting material 40 may also be arranged with the drying system. The sheeting material 40 is preferably of clear plastic able to transmit light. The material 40 is contemplated to be arranged on top of the porous tray material 34. This material may be stowed on rollers used on the roller assembly 36 and drawn out when appropriate such as with impending rain. The same or separate roller assemblies 36 may be used for the separate trays 34 and cover sheeting 40. If the appropriate material is selected, it may be possible to simply leave the material in place throughout the drying. Fasteners may also be employed along the length of each side of the sheeting material 40 for retention on the trays 34. \n To utilize the drying system, the grapes may be manually placed and the raisins manually removed. However, a more efficient system would be to include a portable lift which moves along with the pickers. The picked grapes would be positioned on the lift and a belt or other lifting mechanism would convey the product onto the trays. Once dried, a portable vacuum system could be used to quickly remove the raisins, stems and the like from the trays. \n The foregoing system is contemplated to be used to advantage in laying out a vineyard. The area between rows of vines may be left fallow. The rows may be close together and oriented to better match topography and convenience. Automation of the harvesting and treating process may also be more applicable with the continuous and easily located trays. Finally, the tray material provides an appropriate environment for drying raisins even with otherwise devastating moisture. The black color and the porosity may also accelerate the drying process. \n Thus, a new drying system for vine products is disclosed. While embodiments and applications of this invention have been shown and described, it would be apparent to those skilled in the art that many more modifications are possible without departing from the inventive concepts herein. The invention, therefore is not to be restricted except in the spirit of the appended claims.",
"response": "This abstract describes a method for drying grapes using elevated porous trays. The traditional method of drying grapes on the ground between rows of vines has several drawbacks, such as susceptibility to weather conditions and contamination with dirt and sand. The proposed method involves using a support structure with trays made of porous cloth material, allowing for better drying and preventing moisture-related issues. The system also offers potential for automation and improved efficiency in the drying and harvesting process. Overall, this drying system for vine products presents a more effective and reliable approach to grape drying."
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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to collapsible platforms, and, more particularly, to a collapsible platform which may alternatively be positioned in an upright, horizontal position, or, in a vertical, storage position, wherein a user causes rotation of the collapsible platform into and out of position by actuation of a foot petal.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Known in the art are various platforms which may be rotated into and out of a horizontal position. Disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,100,858 by Bue et al. is one such platform. The platform is movable between a vertical storage position against a wall, and a horizontal position. A hinge assembly pivotally connecting the platform to the wall allows a user to rotate the platform into and out of position. The platform is rotated into and out of position by applying an upward or downward force to the platform. Disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,696,762 to Holdham is a platform which may similarly be rotated into and out of a horizontal position by the application of an upward or a downward force to the platform. Disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,285,206 to Hoffman and U.S. Pat. No. 2,817,571 to Lee are collapsible platforms containing springs to exert spring forces to aid in the maintenance of a horizontal position of the respective platforms. Other collapsible platforms are similarly known in the art, and include, U.S. Pat. No. 1,917,336 to Spitz, U.S. Pat. No. 2,943,896 to Gaston, U.S. Pat. No. 4,100,858 to Bue et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 4,437,414 to Brescia et al.
Each prior art collapsible platform, however, requires a user to manually rotate the platform into or out of position by applying a torque to a platform with the hands of the user. In some instances, the user is unable to use his or her hands to rotate the platform into position. For instance, an individual with a handicap may find the required motions necessary to rotate a platform into or out of position to be difficult, if not impossible to perform. In other instances, the user may be carrying an object, or otherwise not have complete freedom of use of his or her hands to rotate the platform into or out of position.
It is accordingly the object of the present invention to provide a collapsible platform which may be rotated into or out of position by a user without the requirement of the user applying a force to the platform by the hands of the user.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the present invention, a collapsible platform assembly allowing a user to position the platform in either an upright, horizontal position providing a horizontal surface upon which to place an object, or, alternatively, in a vertical position adjacent to a vertical support extending upwardly from a floor is disclosed. The collapsible platform includes a planar platform member having an upper surface and a lower surface, a pivotal support means for pivotally supporting the planar platform member to extend from the vertical support at a desired vertical height above the floor, and a foot-actuated rotation means slidably engaging with the planar platform member for rotating the planar platform member from the upright, horizontal position to the vertical, storage position, or, alternatively, from the vertical, storage position to the upright, horizontal position, wherein the foot-actuated rotation means is actuated by the application of a force thereto.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the vertical support extending upwardly from a floor is comprised of a wall. However, other means of vertical supports may similarly be utilized. In the preferred embodiment, the pivotal support means for pivotally supporting the planar platform member includes a fixture member and a hinge means having first and second sides connected theretogether by a hinge pin, wherein the fixture member is fixedly attached to the vertical support and wherein a first side of the hinge means is coupled to the fixture member and wherein the second side of the hinge means is coupled to the planar platform member.
The collapsible platform assembly, in the preferred embodiment, further includes a laterally extending guideway mounted to extend across the lower surface of the planar platform member. Preferably, the laterally extending guideway extends at an angle relative to the upper surface of the planar platform member. Further, the foot-actuated rotation means, in the preferred embodiment, is comprised of an angled rod member, a foot pedal mounting block, and a foot pedal, wherein a first end of the angled rod member slidably engages with the laterally extending guideway mounted beneath the planar platform member, a second end of the angled rod member has mounted thereto the foot pedal, and wherein the angled rod member is pivotally coupled along the length thereof to the foot pedal mounting block. In one embodiment, the angled rod member is comprised of two rod portions positioned in an end-to-end relation and releasably fastened theretogether by a fastening means. The angled rod portion is thereby adjustable in length to aid in the installation of the assembly. In the preferred embodiment, the foot pedal mounting block is further affixed to the floor.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The present invention will be better understood when read in light of the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a side view, in elevation, of the collapsible platform assembly of the present invention positioned to provide a horizontal surface;
FIGS. 1A and 1B are detail views of the releasable fastening means which fastens together the two rod portions forming the angled rod member of the of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view, in elevation, of the collapsible platform assembly of FIG. 1 in which the platform assembly is in a vertical, storage position;
FIGS. 3A and 3B are detail views of the foot pedal mounting block which comprises a portion of the preferred embodiment of the present invention with FIG. 3B being a cross-sectional view taken through line B--B of FIG. 3A;
FIG. 4 is a side, elevational view of a further embodiment of the collapsible platform assembly of the present invention; and
FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line 5--5 of FIG. 1.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring first now to the side, elevational view of FIG. 1, there is illustrated the collapsible platform assembly, referred to generally by reference numeral 10, of the present invention. Collapsible platform assembly 10 in the preferred embodiment is supported from wall 12 at a desired height above floor 14; alternatively, however, assembly 10 may be supported by other vertical supports.
Collapsible platform assembly 10 is comprised of planar platform 16, support assembly 18, and foot-actuated rotation means 20. Support assembly 18 is affixed to wall 12 at a desired vertical height above floor 14 by any conventional manner; in the preferred embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, assembly 18 is affixed to wall 12 by threaded screw members 22. Support assembly 18 includes fixture member 23 and hinge 24 having first arm 26 and second arm 28 pivotally connected theretogether by hinge pin 30. First arm 26 of hinge 24 is coupled to fixture member 23, and second arm 28 of hinge 24 is coupled to the lower surface of platform 16. In this manner, planar platform 16 may be pivotally supported at a desired height above floor 14.
Mounted from the bottom surface of platform 16 and extending along the length thereof are side rails 31 (both side rails 31 are illustrated in the sectional view of FIG. 5, one side rail 31 is shown in the elevational view of FIG. 1). Grooves forming guideway 32 are machined, or otherwise formed, to extend along the length of the platform 16. Foot-actuated rotation means 20 includes angled rod member 34, having first end portion 36 and, is positioned such that end portion 36 slidably engages with guideway 32. In the preferred embodiment, rod member 34 is formed of rod portion 38 and rod portion 40 positioned in an end to end relation and fastened theretogether by releasable fastening means 41. Portion 40 of angled rod 34 further forms an obtuse angle to allow pivotal coupling thereof at location 42 to foot pedal mounting block 44. Foot pedal mounting block 44 is affixed to floor 14. Mounted at an end of portion of angled rod 34 is foot pedal 46 of dimensions suitable to allow a foot of a user to be placed thereupon.
Illustrated in FIG. 1A is a detail view of fastening means 41. Fastening means 41 fastens end portions of rod portions 38 and 40 by means of, for example, wing nuts 43. Illustrated in FIG. 1B is a further embodiment of the fastening means which comprises two blocks 41A and 41B each provided with suitable openings to receive portions of rod members 38 and 40. The rod members are secured to the block by wing nuts 43A.
A force exerted upon foot pedal 46 causes upward or downward pivotal movement of the foot pedal 46 about location 42. Such movement, in turn, causes end portion 36 of angled rod 34 to slide along guideway 32. FIG. 1 illustrates the collapsible platform assembly 10 in an upright, horizontal position, in which angled rod 34 supports the platform 16 to provide a horizontal surface. An upward force exerted upon foot pedal 46 causes the end portion 36 of the angled rod 34 to translate in the leftward direction along guideway 32. Continued translation of the end portion 36 towards wall 12 removes the support provided by angled rod 34 to hold planar platform 16 in a horizontal position. Planar platform member 16 is thereby allowed to rotate about hinge pin 28 of support assembly 18.
FIG. 2 illustrates the collapsible platform assembly 10 in which planar platform 16 is in the vertical position, and the end portion 36 of angled rod 34 has been translated along guideway 32 to a left-most position. When in this position, a downward force exerted upon foot pedal 46 causes rightward translation of end portion 36 along guideway 32, causing rotation of planar platform 16 about hinge pin 28 of support assembly 18. Once end portion 36 has been translated the full length along guideway 32 to the right-most portion thereof, planar platform 16 is once again in the upright, horizontal position illustrated in FIG. 1.
Referring now to the illustrations of FIGS. 3A and 3B, there are shown more detailed views of the foot pedal mounting block 44 of the collapsible platform assembly 10. In the preferred embodiment, foot pedal mounting block 44 is semi-cylindrical in shape having flat bottom surface 48. Flat bottom surface 48 allows supportive positioning of block 44 upon floor 14. Block 44 may be affixed in position upon floor 14 by any conventional fastening means, such as threaded screw fasteners. Extending horizontally through block 44, and as illustrated in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 3B, is cavity 50. Inserted to extend through cavity 50 is hinge pin 52 which allows the pivotal connection thereto of angled rod 34.
Referring now to the side, elevational view of FIG. 4, there is illustrated a further embodiment of the present invention. Similar to the embodiment of FIGS. 1-3, collapsible platform assembly 110 is affixed to wall 112 at a desired vertical height above floor 114. Planar platform member 115 forms a flat, supportive upper surface. Support assembly 118, comprised of fixture member 123 and hinge 124, is fixedly attached to wall 112 by means of threaded screw members 122. First arm 126 of hinge 124 is coupled to fixture member 123. Second arm 128 of hinge 124 is coupled to a rectangular frame 116 that can be made of 3/8" diameter rod. The frame is, in turn, secured to a platform member 115 forming the platform. The two hinge arms 126 and 128 are pivotally connected theretogether by means of hinge pin 130. Secured to opposite sides of the rectangular frame 116 are side rails 131 containing guideways 132. Footactuated rotation means 120 is comprised of angled rod 134 having end portion 136 which slidably engages with guideway 132. Again, angled rod 134 is formed of portions 138 and 140 connected theretogether by fastening means 141, with portion 140 being pivotally connected at location 142 to foot pedal mounting block 144. Attached to second end of angled rod 134 is foot pedal 146. In this embodiment, collapsible platform assembly 110 further includes spring member 150 for providing a spring force which aids in the translation of the end portion 136, and to maintain planar platform 115 in the horizontal position as illustrated in the Figure.
In this embodiment a guideway rod 152 extends along the length of guideway 132, separating the guideway 132 into two longitudinal portions. End portions 136 of angled rod 134 contains a slotted opening (not shown) to allow guideway rod 152 to extend therethrough. Spring member 150 surrounds the guideway rod to extend therethrough such that an end of spring member 150 abuts against end portion 136. Upward translation upon foot pedal 146 compresses spring 150 as end portion 136 is translated towards wall 112 to allow planar platform 115 to be positioned in a vertical, storage position.
While the present invention has been described in connection with the preferred embodiments of the various figures, it is to be understood that other similar embodiments may be used or modifications and additions may be made to the described embodiment for performing the same function of the present invention without deviating therefrom. Therefore, the present invention should not be limited to any single embodiment, but rather construed in breadth and scope in accordance with the recitation of the appended claims. | A foot-actuated collapsible platform assembly which may be positioned in an upright, horizontal position providing a horizontal surface, or, alternatively, in a vertical, storage position. The platform is rotated into and out of the upright, horizontal position by the exertion of a force upon a foot pedal. The collapsible platform assembly may be operated by a user by placing a foot on the foot pedal and exerting a force thereupon. | This paper introduces a collapsible platform assembly that can be positioned in either an upright, horizontal position or a vertical, storage position. The platform can be rotated into and out of position by actuating a foot pedal, eliminating the need for manual rotation by hand. The assembly includes a planar platform member, a pivotal support means, and a foot-actuated rotation means. The support means allows the platform to be supported at a desired height above the floor, while the foot-actuated rotation means enables the rotation of the platform by applying force to the foot pedal. The assembly provides a convenient and efficient solution for positioning collapsible platforms without the need for manual hand rotation. | {
"name": "Irftc",
"display_name": "Faithfulness",
"data": {
"query": "Summarize the context",
"context": "BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION \n 1. Field of the Invention \n The present invention relates generally to collapsible platforms, and, more particularly, to a collapsible platform which may alternatively be positioned in an upright, horizontal position, or, in a vertical, storage position, wherein a user causes rotation of the collapsible platform into and out of position by actuation of a foot petal. \n 2. Description of the Prior Art \n Known in the art are various platforms which may be rotated into and out of a horizontal position. Disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,100,858 by Bue et al. is one such platform. The platform is movable between a vertical storage position against a wall, and a horizontal position. A hinge assembly pivotally connecting the platform to the wall allows a user to rotate the platform into and out of position. The platform is rotated into and out of position by applying an upward or downward force to the platform. Disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,696,762 to Holdham is a platform which may similarly be rotated into and out of a horizontal position by the application of an upward or a downward force to the platform. Disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,285,206 to Hoffman and U.S. Pat. No. 2,817,571 to Lee are collapsible platforms containing springs to exert spring forces to aid in the maintenance of a horizontal position of the respective platforms. Other collapsible platforms are similarly known in the art, and include, U.S. Pat. No. 1,917,336 to Spitz, U.S. Pat. No. 2,943,896 to Gaston, U.S. Pat. No. 4,100,858 to Bue et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 4,437,414 to Brescia et al. \n Each prior art collapsible platform, however, requires a user to manually rotate the platform into or out of position by applying a torque to a platform with the hands of the user. In some instances, the user is unable to use his or her hands to rotate the platform into position. For instance, an individual with a handicap may find the required motions necessary to rotate a platform into or out of position to be difficult, if not impossible to perform. In other instances, the user may be carrying an object, or otherwise not have complete freedom of use of his or her hands to rotate the platform into or out of position. \n It is accordingly the object of the present invention to provide a collapsible platform which may be rotated into or out of position by a user without the requirement of the user applying a force to the platform by the hands of the user. \n SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION \n In accordance with the present invention, a collapsible platform assembly allowing a user to position the platform in either an upright, horizontal position providing a horizontal surface upon which to place an object, or, alternatively, in a vertical position adjacent to a vertical support extending upwardly from a floor is disclosed. The collapsible platform includes a planar platform member having an upper surface and a lower surface, a pivotal support means for pivotally supporting the planar platform member to extend from the vertical support at a desired vertical height above the floor, and a foot-actuated rotation means slidably engaging with the planar platform member for rotating the planar platform member from the upright, horizontal position to the vertical, storage position, or, alternatively, from the vertical, storage position to the upright, horizontal position, wherein the foot-actuated rotation means is actuated by the application of a force thereto. \n In one embodiment of the present invention, the vertical support extending upwardly from a floor is comprised of a wall. However, other means of vertical supports may similarly be utilized. In the preferred embodiment, the pivotal support means for pivotally supporting the planar platform member includes a fixture member and a hinge means having first and second sides connected theretogether by a hinge pin, wherein the fixture member is fixedly attached to the vertical support and wherein a first side of the hinge means is coupled to the fixture member and wherein the second side of the hinge means is coupled to the planar platform member. \n The collapsible platform assembly, in the preferred embodiment, further includes a laterally extending guideway mounted to extend across the lower surface of the planar platform member. Preferably, the laterally extending guideway extends at an angle relative to the upper surface of the planar platform member. Further, the foot-actuated rotation means, in the preferred embodiment, is comprised of an angled rod member, a foot pedal mounting block, and a foot pedal, wherein a first end of the angled rod member slidably engages with the laterally extending guideway mounted beneath the planar platform member, a second end of the angled rod member has mounted thereto the foot pedal, and wherein the angled rod member is pivotally coupled along the length thereof to the foot pedal mounting block. In one embodiment, the angled rod member is comprised of two rod portions positioned in an end-to-end relation and releasably fastened theretogether by a fastening means. The angled rod portion is thereby adjustable in length to aid in the installation of the assembly. In the preferred embodiment, the foot pedal mounting block is further affixed to the floor. \n \n \n BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS \n The present invention will be better understood when read in light of the accompanying drawings in which: \n FIG. 1 is a side view, in elevation, of the collapsible platform assembly of the present invention positioned to provide a horizontal surface; \n FIGS. 1A and 1B are detail views of the releasable fastening means which fastens together the two rod portions forming the angled rod member of the of the present invention; \n FIG. 2 is a side view, in elevation, of the collapsible platform assembly of FIG. 1 in which the platform assembly is in a vertical, storage position; \n FIGS. 3A and 3B are detail views of the foot pedal mounting block which comprises a portion of the preferred embodiment of the present invention with FIG. 3B being a cross-sectional view taken through line B--B of FIG. 3A; \n FIG. 4 is a side, elevational view of a further embodiment of the collapsible platform assembly of the present invention; and \n FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line 5--5 of FIG. 1. \n \n \n DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS \n Referring first now to the side, elevational view of FIG. 1, there is illustrated the collapsible platform assembly, referred to generally by reference numeral 10, of the present invention. Collapsible platform assembly 10 in the preferred embodiment is supported from wall 12 at a desired height above floor 14; alternatively, however, assembly 10 may be supported by other vertical supports. \n Collapsible platform assembly 10 is comprised of planar platform 16, support assembly 18, and foot-actuated rotation means 20. Support assembly 18 is affixed to wall 12 at a desired vertical height above floor 14 by any conventional manner; in the preferred embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, assembly 18 is affixed to wall 12 by threaded screw members 22. Support assembly 18 includes fixture member 23 and hinge 24 having first arm 26 and second arm 28 pivotally connected theretogether by hinge pin 30. First arm 26 of hinge 24 is coupled to fixture member 23, and second arm 28 of hinge 24 is coupled to the lower surface of platform 16. In this manner, planar platform 16 may be pivotally supported at a desired height above floor 14. \n Mounted from the bottom surface of platform 16 and extending along the length thereof are side rails 31 (both side rails 31 are illustrated in the sectional view of FIG. 5, one side rail 31 is shown in the elevational view of FIG. 1). Grooves forming guideway 32 are machined, or otherwise formed, to extend along the length of the platform 16. Foot-actuated rotation means 20 includes angled rod member 34, having first end portion 36 and, is positioned such that end portion 36 slidably engages with guideway 32. In the preferred embodiment, rod member 34 is formed of rod portion 38 and rod portion 40 positioned in an end to end relation and fastened theretogether by releasable fastening means 41. Portion 40 of angled rod 34 further forms an obtuse angle to allow pivotal coupling thereof at location 42 to foot pedal mounting block 44. Foot pedal mounting block 44 is affixed to floor 14. Mounted at an end of portion of angled rod 34 is foot pedal 46 of dimensions suitable to allow a foot of a user to be placed thereupon. \n Illustrated in FIG. 1A is a detail view of fastening means 41. Fastening means 41 fastens end portions of rod portions 38 and 40 by means of, for example, wing nuts 43. Illustrated in FIG. 1B is a further embodiment of the fastening means which comprises two blocks 41A and 41B each provided with suitable openings to receive portions of rod members 38 and 40. The rod members are secured to the block by wing nuts 43A. \n A force exerted upon foot pedal 46 causes upward or downward pivotal movement of the foot pedal 46 about location 42. Such movement, in turn, causes end portion 36 of angled rod 34 to slide along guideway 32. FIG. 1 illustrates the collapsible platform assembly 10 in an upright, horizontal position, in which angled rod 34 supports the platform 16 to provide a horizontal surface. An upward force exerted upon foot pedal 46 causes the end portion 36 of the angled rod 34 to translate in the leftward direction along guideway 32. Continued translation of the end portion 36 towards wall 12 removes the support provided by angled rod 34 to hold planar platform 16 in a horizontal position. Planar platform member 16 is thereby allowed to rotate about hinge pin 28 of support assembly 18. \n FIG. 2 illustrates the collapsible platform assembly 10 in which planar platform 16 is in the vertical position, and the end portion 36 of angled rod 34 has been translated along guideway 32 to a left-most position. When in this position, a downward force exerted upon foot pedal 46 causes rightward translation of end portion 36 along guideway 32, causing rotation of planar platform 16 about hinge pin 28 of support assembly 18. Once end portion 36 has been translated the full length along guideway 32 to the right-most portion thereof, planar platform 16 is once again in the upright, horizontal position illustrated in FIG. 1. \n Referring now to the illustrations of FIGS. 3A and 3B, there are shown more detailed views of the foot pedal mounting block 44 of the collapsible platform assembly 10. In the preferred embodiment, foot pedal mounting block 44 is semi-cylindrical in shape having flat bottom surface 48. Flat bottom surface 48 allows supportive positioning of block 44 upon floor 14. Block 44 may be affixed in position upon floor 14 by any conventional fastening means, such as threaded screw fasteners. Extending horizontally through block 44, and as illustrated in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 3B, is cavity 50. Inserted to extend through cavity 50 is hinge pin 52 which allows the pivotal connection thereto of angled rod 34. \n Referring now to the side, elevational view of FIG. 4, there is illustrated a further embodiment of the present invention. Similar to the embodiment of FIGS. 1-3, collapsible platform assembly 110 is affixed to wall 112 at a desired vertical height above floor 114. Planar platform member 115 forms a flat, supportive upper surface. Support assembly 118, comprised of fixture member 123 and hinge 124, is fixedly attached to wall 112 by means of threaded screw members 122. First arm 126 of hinge 124 is coupled to fixture member 123. Second arm 128 of hinge 124 is coupled to a rectangular frame 116 that can be made of 3/8" diameter rod. The frame is, in turn, secured to a platform member 115 forming the platform. The two hinge arms 126 and 128 are pivotally connected theretogether by means of hinge pin 130. Secured to opposite sides of the rectangular frame 116 are side rails 131 containing guideways 132. Footactuated rotation means 120 is comprised of angled rod 134 having end portion 136 which slidably engages with guideway 132. Again, angled rod 134 is formed of portions 138 and 140 connected theretogether by fastening means 141, with portion 140 being pivotally connected at location 142 to foot pedal mounting block 144. Attached to second end of angled rod 134 is foot pedal 146. In this embodiment, collapsible platform assembly 110 further includes spring member 150 for providing a spring force which aids in the translation of the end portion 136, and to maintain planar platform 115 in the horizontal position as illustrated in the Figure. \n In this embodiment a guideway rod 152 extends along the length of guideway 132, separating the guideway 132 into two longitudinal portions. End portions 136 of angled rod 134 contains a slotted opening (not shown) to allow guideway rod 152 to extend therethrough. Spring member 150 surrounds the guideway rod to extend therethrough such that an end of spring member 150 abuts against end portion 136. Upward translation upon foot pedal 146 compresses spring 150 as end portion 136 is translated towards wall 112 to allow planar platform 115 to be positioned in a vertical, storage position. \n While the present invention has been described in connection with the preferred embodiments of the various figures, it is to be understood that other similar embodiments may be used or modifications and additions may be made to the described embodiment for performing the same function of the present invention without deviating therefrom. Therefore, the present invention should not be limited to any single embodiment, but rather construed in breadth and scope in accordance with the recitation of the appended claims.",
"response": "This paper introduces a collapsible platform assembly that can be positioned in either an upright, horizontal position or a vertical, storage position. The platform can be rotated into and out of position by actuating a foot pedal, eliminating the need for manual rotation by hand. The assembly includes a planar platform member, a pivotal support means, and a foot-actuated rotation means. The support means allows the platform to be supported at a desired height above the floor, while the foot-actuated rotation means enables the rotation of the platform by applying force to the foot pedal. The assembly provides a convenient and efficient solution for positioning collapsible platforms without the need for manual hand rotation."
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CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] The present application claims the benefit of U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 61/613,229, filed Mar. 20, 2012, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates to a method and device for performing a series of exercises designed to increase the strength and stamina of a user. In particular, the present invention is directed to a plurality of disks having low friction surfaces designed to allow a user to perform gliding or sliding exercises on a relatively flat uniform surface.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] A wide variety of gliding exercises and associated exercise devices are known. Aerobic type fitness exercises are very popular with those seeking improved general physical conditioning as well as those seeking to train for an endurance event. Aerobic exercises can be enhanced with the use of specialty equipment such as tread mills, rowing machines, step platforms and free weights. Most of these devices are not easily portable and are usually only found in professionally equipped gymnasiums and fitness centers. In addition, most exercise enhancements designed to increase aerobic activity are directed in part to increasing the resistance of free movement and to increasing the muscular force of a person. However, most of these exercise elements are not easily used in a home setting. Furthermore, many of these exercise devices are limited to focusing on a specific muscle group. Therefore, what is needed is an exercise apparatus that is widely applicable to a number of aerobic and strength building exercises. Furthermore what is needed is an exercise device that is relatively inexpensive, portable and adaptable to a variety of environments.
[0004] Many different prior art devices have attempted to solve these problems. However, all of them suffer from various drawbacks overcome by the present invention. U.S. Published Patent Application US 2007/0287605 is directed to a fitness exercise device using low friction disks for the purposes of allowing a user to glide across a surface. However, the prior art publication fails to disclose a customizable device that is suitable for a variety of exercises and circumstances. Therefore, what is needed is a device that improves upon those devices and methods currently employed and provides additional functionality and capabilities superior to that found in the prior art.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0005] The present invention provides an exercise device for exercising the human body, wherein the apparatus is configured to have a low friction surface designed to come into contact with a variety of ground surfaces. The apparatus optionally incorporates a restraining device integral to the apparatus that allows the user to secure their hands and/or feet into a number of separate devices. The present invention is also optionally directed to an apparatus that allows the user to select for a number of preset surface configurations that allow for a modification of the strength of the friction between the surface and the device. Furthermore, the present invention envisions a series of exercise devices that are worn by elastic cording that allow for additional restraining and strength generating activities.
[0006] The present invention is also directed to a method for exercising with the apparatus described so as to allow for aerobic, strength building and other conditioning activities that increase cardiovascular health and wellbeing.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0007] The foregoing and other features of the present invention will be more readily apparent from the following detailed description and drawings of illustrative embodiments of the invention in which:
[0008] FIG. 1 is an illustrative perspective view of an embodiment of the invention;
[0009] FIG. 2 is an illustrative bottom view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 ;
[0010] FIG. 3 is an illustrative bottom view of an alternate embodiment of the invention;
[0011] FIG. 4 is an illustrative top view of the embodiment of the invention in FIG. 1 ;
[0012] FIG. 5 is an illustrative side view of an additional embodiment of the invention; and
[0013] FIG. 6 is an alternative side view of an embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0014] By way of overview and introduction, the present invention concerns a method and apparatus for engaging in a variety of strength building and cardiovascular developing exercises. The present invention is further directed at an apparatus that uses a modifiable low friction surface(s) to allow the user to simulate various gliding and sliding exercises.
[0015] As seen in FIG. 1 , the present invention provides for an exercise apparatus 100 that assists in the performance of low friction exercises, such as simulations of skating and gliding. The exercise apparatus 100 incorporates a base 102 . The base 102 is configured to have sufficient dimensions to accept a human user's extremity, such as a hand or foot. In the depicted embodiment, the base 102 is roughly oval in form. However, the depicted embodiment in no way limits the potential dimensions of the base. In an alternative arrangement, the base device is triangular or rhomboid in dimensions with no diminishment of functionality. In an embodiment of the present invention, the base 102 is formed out of high impact, molded plastic. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that other materials are suitable for the construction of the base 102 . For example, various metals, synthetic materials, natural materials, and composite materials are all suitable for construction of the base portion of the present invention. The base 102 possesses a top surface 106 and a bottom surface 108 ( FIG. 2 ). In the preferred embodiment, the base 102 is placed so that the bottom surface 108 is in contact with a level ground surface 101 , such as a floor, carpet, tile, or other horizontal surface that can support the user's weight.
[0016] In specific alterations of the present base 102 , the base is modified to accept a prosthetic or surgically altered appendage, such as possessed by an amputee. The base 102 of the device can be altered in size and/or configuration to accept those appendages without loss of the core functionality. The base is equipped with a restraint 104 that allows for the extremity to be secured against excessive forward and backward movement. In the depicted embodiment, the restraint 104 covers approximately half of the base of the device. In this configuration forward movement of the extremity beyond the edges of the base is prevented. The restraint 104 allows a user to control the movement of the device and effectuate the desired exercises without fear of slipping off the base 102 .
[0017] The top surface of the base 106 is optionally equipped with a series of ridges or arrestors (not shown) which aid in channeling sweat and/or fluid away from the top surface. In yet a further embodiment, the top surface is also coated with a high friction substance that prevents the movement of the user's extremity independent of the base 102 . For example, the top surface is coated with an abrasive or undulating material that provides increased friction between the extremity and the top surface.
[0018] The bottom surface 108 of the base 102 , as shown in FIG. 2 , can be formed as a separate part that is attached to the base 102 or as a surface that is integral to the base. In the depicted embodiment, the bottom surface of the base 108 has a convex shape relative to the overall base 102 as shown in FIG. 5 . For instance, the bottom surface is curved 103 such that only a portion of the bottom surface 108 is in direct contact with the floor surface 101 at any given time.
[0019] As further illustrated in FIG. 2 the bottom surface 108 , whether convex shape or otherwise, is equipped with or formed of, a low friction substance 205 . For example, the bottom surface 108 is coated with Teflon® or Teflon®-like compound that reduces friction. Alternatively, those skilled in the art would appreciate that the bottom surface can be constructed from alternative substances or coated with substances that significantly decrease the friction encountered when placed in contact with another flat surface, i.e. a floor 101 .
[0020] As seen in FIG. 3 , in an alternative arrangement, the bottom surface 108 is only partially equipped with a low friction coating 205 . Alternatively, when only a portion of the bottom surface 108 is equipped with a low friction substance 205 , the other portions are equipped with no coating or a high friction coating 207 . The high friction coating or surface 207 can be either an application to the surface 108 or an engineered structure on surface 108 . For example, the high friction surface can be formed of a series of ridges or nodules built into the surface that increase surface contact with a floor surface 101 . In a particular embodiment of the apparatus, when the bottom surface 108 is convex in shape (like that in FIG. 5 ), a user is able to selectively apply pressure to different areas of the exercise device, thereby selectively engaging either the low-friction portions 205 or the high or normal friction portions 207 , depending on the particular activity desired.
[0021] As seen in FIG. 4 , the exercise device 100 is equipped with an anchor 202 for attaching an elastic band or cable 304 . In the illustrated embodiment, the anchor 202 is configured as a loop of material that is integral to the base 102 of the exercise device. In an alternative arrangement, the anchor 202 is a separate device that is joined to the base by adhesive or fasteners. In a further arrangement, the anchor is a recessed or extruded portion of the base 102 that is configured to accept an elastic chord 304 .
[0022] The elastic chord 304 is equipped to connect at least two exercise devices 100 together such that they are coupled to one another via the elastic chord 304 . By combining multiple exercise devices together via elastic chords 304 , resistive strength building exercises can be performed. In an alternative arrangement the elastic chord 304 is connected on one end to the base device 102 , and on another end to a stationary object (not shown), such as an item of furniture. In yet another arrangement, the elastic chord 304 is attached to an extremity that is not currently engaged with an exercise device 100 , such as an ankle or a wrist. In an alternative embodiment, several exercise devices 100 are linked to one another via multiple elastic cables 304 . Additionally, multiple elastic cables are employed to increase the resistance generated by the elastic cable 304 . Also seen in FIG. 4 , are the preferred placements of the user extremities 306 .
[0023] FIG. 5 depicts another alternative embodiment of the device described wherein the base 102 is equipped with a plurality of expandable cells 502 . The cells 502 are located on the surface of the convex-shaped base 102 and are coated or formed of a material having a high coefficient of friction. The cells 502 are in communication with an expanding device (not shown) integral to the exercise device 100 and preferably located within the base 102 . Upon activation of the expanding device, the cells inflate or otherwise expand outwards, thereby extending beyond the bottom surface 108 of the base 102 . Once extended, the bladders provide a sufficient high-friction surface area so as to prevent movement of the exercise device 100 over the surface 101 . Thus, selective exercises can be undertaken without the fear of slippage. In this embodiment the device is equipped with a handle 504 that incorporates a control device. The handle/ control device 504 allows for securely holding the device while positioning a trigger or switch (not shown) that activates the expanding device. In a specific embodiment, a pump mechanism 505 is co-extensive with the handle so that the pump directs a working fluid (air, water etc.) into the cells causing them to expand by repeatedly squeezing of the handle. In yet a further embodiment, the pump has a release valve trigger that is also co-extensive with the handle. Both inflating and deflating the cells can be accomplished with the same hand that is gripping the particular device. Alternative expanding devices, such as solenoids or springs are also envisioned. Those skilled in the art will appreciate the various means for expanding and contracting the cells 502 so described.
[0024] As shown in FIG. 6 , the cover 104 can be formed in multiple or separate pieces. Furthermore, it is possible to have the cover 104 configured to be customizable to a given orientation. For example, by way on non-limiting example, the cover or covers can be replaced by specialty covers designed for a particular exercise or purpose. Similarly, the covers can be arranged in different orientations given whether the device will operate as a foot device or hand device.
[0025] The present invention provides a method for employing the above described elements so as to ensure that any number of general or specific strength building, cardiovascular, or resistance training exercises can be undertaken in any location, so long as that location is equipped with a flat surface capable of supporting the weight of the user. By way of non-limiting example, the device so described is capable of assisting the user in performing the following exercises: stationary mountain climbers; moving mountain climbers; feet pendulums; frog movements; hand and/or foot circles; sideways slides; sideways slides with pushups; scissors; jack knife; tricep slide; tricep slide with foot extension; chair pushup and slide; chest fly; standing lunges: forward, side or backward; standing lunges with squat; swimmer crawl; backward mountain climbers; elevated chair feet scissors; elevated chair scissors with pushup; buddy wheel barrel; ice skater (standing); fly and pushup combination; standing foot slide; alternate swimmer (hands then feet); and oblique slide (one side at a time).
[0026] The method of the present invention includes a securing step, wherein the desired amount of devices are secured to the extremities For example, a user can secure a device to one or both feet and/or a device to one or both hands. Under the circumstances wherein the user has secured multiple devices, the methodology includes a step of positioning the user and devices over a clear flat surface such as a floor or platform. Once the proper position has been determined, the additional steps as described below can be undertaken. In situations where there are multiple devices the positioning step is repeated for each device.
[0027] In the event that the device is equipped with elastic cabling or chords, an additional attachment step if provided. If the user only employs one device then the chord is secured to a stable object or to another extremity. For example, the strap can be secured to a door handle, item of furniture or to the wrist or ankle of the extremity not engaged with a device.
[0028] After the position for exercising has been determined, and the optional securing step has been completed the user is free to engage in any number of exercises designed to enhance heath and conditioning. This exercise includes the step of moving the device with little resistance over the flat surface due to the low friction properties of the device. In the event that the user is employing an alternative arrangement of the device that incorporates low and high friction sections (as in FIG. 3 or 5 ) there is an additional step of shifting the device so that only the high or low friction surfaces are in direct contact with the floor surface. In this way, a stationary pivot point is provided for one of the users extremities.
[0029] It should be understood that various combination, alternatives and modifications of the present invention could be devised by those skilled in the art. The present invention is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variances that fall within the scope of the appended claims.
[0030] While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to a preferred embodiment thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. | The present invention provides an exercise device for exercising the human body, wherein the device is formed as a low friction apparatus for use on a variety of surfaces. The device in a particular form incorporates a retraining harness that is affixed to the device that allows the user to secure their hands and feet into separate devices. The present invention is also directed to a device that allows the user to select between high friction and low frictions parts of the bottom, so as to perform an expanded array of exercises. | This abstract introduces a method and device for performing gliding exercises to increase strength and stamina. The device consists of disks with low friction surfaces that can be used on various flat surfaces. The abstract highlights the limitations of current exercise devices and the need for a portable, adaptable, and inexpensive exercise apparatus. The abstract also provides a brief overview of the invention, including the structure and features of the device. It concludes by stating that the invention allows for a variety of exercises to enhance cardiovascular health and wellbeing. | {
"name": "Irftc",
"display_name": "Faithfulness",
"data": {
"query": "Summarize the context",
"context": "CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION \n [0001] The present application claims the benefit of U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 61/613,229, filed Mar. 20, 2012, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. \n \n \n FIELD OF THE INVENTION \n [0002] The present invention relates to a method and device for performing a series of exercises designed to increase the strength and stamina of a user. In particular, the present invention is directed to a plurality of disks having low friction surfaces designed to allow a user to perform gliding or sliding exercises on a relatively flat uniform surface. \n BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION \n [0003] A wide variety of gliding exercises and associated exercise devices are known. Aerobic type fitness exercises are very popular with those seeking improved general physical conditioning as well as those seeking to train for an endurance event. Aerobic exercises can be enhanced with the use of specialty equipment such as tread mills, rowing machines, step platforms and free weights. Most of these devices are not easily portable and are usually only found in professionally equipped gymnasiums and fitness centers. In addition, most exercise enhancements designed to increase aerobic activity are directed in part to increasing the resistance of free movement and to increasing the muscular force of a person. However, most of these exercise elements are not easily used in a home setting. Furthermore, many of these exercise devices are limited to focusing on a specific muscle group. Therefore, what is needed is an exercise apparatus that is widely applicable to a number of aerobic and strength building exercises. Furthermore what is needed is an exercise device that is relatively inexpensive, portable and adaptable to a variety of environments. \n [0004] Many different prior art devices have attempted to solve these problems. However, all of them suffer from various drawbacks overcome by the present invention. U.S. Published Patent Application US 2007/0287605 is directed to a fitness exercise device using low friction disks for the purposes of allowing a user to glide across a surface. However, the prior art publication fails to disclose a customizable device that is suitable for a variety of exercises and circumstances. Therefore, what is needed is a device that improves upon those devices and methods currently employed and provides additional functionality and capabilities superior to that found in the prior art. \n SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION \n [0005] The present invention provides an exercise device for exercising the human body, wherein the apparatus is configured to have a low friction surface designed to come into contact with a variety of ground surfaces. The apparatus optionally incorporates a restraining device integral to the apparatus that allows the user to secure their hands and/or feet into a number of separate devices. The present invention is also optionally directed to an apparatus that allows the user to select for a number of preset surface configurations that allow for a modification of the strength of the friction between the surface and the device. Furthermore, the present invention envisions a series of exercise devices that are worn by elastic cording that allow for additional restraining and strength generating activities. \n [0006] The present invention is also directed to a method for exercising with the apparatus described so as to allow for aerobic, strength building and other conditioning activities that increase cardiovascular health and wellbeing. \n \n \n \n BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS \n [0007] The foregoing and other features of the present invention will be more readily apparent from the following detailed description and drawings of illustrative embodiments of the invention in which: \n [0008] FIG. 1 is an illustrative perspective view of an embodiment of the invention; \n [0009] FIG. 2 is an illustrative bottom view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 ; \n [0010] FIG. 3 is an illustrative bottom view of an alternate embodiment of the invention; \n [0011] FIG. 4 is an illustrative top view of the embodiment of the invention in FIG. 1 ; \n [0012] FIG. 5 is an illustrative side view of an additional embodiment of the invention; and \n [0013] FIG. 6 is an alternative side view of an embodiment of the present invention. \n \n \n \n DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION \n [0014] By way of overview and introduction, the present invention concerns a method and apparatus for engaging in a variety of strength building and cardiovascular developing exercises. The present invention is further directed at an apparatus that uses a modifiable low friction surface(s) to allow the user to simulate various gliding and sliding exercises. \n [0015] As seen in FIG. 1 , the present invention provides for an exercise apparatus 100 that assists in the performance of low friction exercises, such as simulations of skating and gliding. The exercise apparatus 100 incorporates a base 102 . The base 102 is configured to have sufficient dimensions to accept a human user's extremity, such as a hand or foot. In the depicted embodiment, the base 102 is roughly oval in form. However, the depicted embodiment in no way limits the potential dimensions of the base. In an alternative arrangement, the base device is triangular or rhomboid in dimensions with no diminishment of functionality. In an embodiment of the present invention, the base 102 is formed out of high impact, molded plastic. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that other materials are suitable for the construction of the base 102 . For example, various metals, synthetic materials, natural materials, and composite materials are all suitable for construction of the base portion of the present invention. The base 102 possesses a top surface 106 and a bottom surface 108 ( FIG. 2 ). In the preferred embodiment, the base 102 is placed so that the bottom surface 108 is in contact with a level ground surface 101 , such as a floor, carpet, tile, or other horizontal surface that can support the user's weight. \n [0016] In specific alterations of the present base 102 , the base is modified to accept a prosthetic or surgically altered appendage, such as possessed by an amputee. The base 102 of the device can be altered in size and/or configuration to accept those appendages without loss of the core functionality. The base is equipped with a restraint 104 that allows for the extremity to be secured against excessive forward and backward movement. In the depicted embodiment, the restraint 104 covers approximately half of the base of the device. In this configuration forward movement of the extremity beyond the edges of the base is prevented. The restraint 104 allows a user to control the movement of the device and effectuate the desired exercises without fear of slipping off the base 102 . \n [0017] The top surface of the base 106 is optionally equipped with a series of ridges or arrestors (not shown) which aid in channeling sweat and/or fluid away from the top surface. In yet a further embodiment, the top surface is also coated with a high friction substance that prevents the movement of the user's extremity independent of the base 102 . For example, the top surface is coated with an abrasive or undulating material that provides increased friction between the extremity and the top surface. \n [0018] The bottom surface 108 of the base 102 , as shown in FIG. 2 , can be formed as a separate part that is attached to the base 102 or as a surface that is integral to the base. In the depicted embodiment, the bottom surface of the base 108 has a convex shape relative to the overall base 102 as shown in FIG. 5 . For instance, the bottom surface is curved 103 such that only a portion of the bottom surface 108 is in direct contact with the floor surface 101 at any given time. \n [0019] As further illustrated in FIG. 2 the bottom surface 108 , whether convex shape or otherwise, is equipped with or formed of, a low friction substance 205 . For example, the bottom surface 108 is coated with Teflon® or Teflon®-like compound that reduces friction. Alternatively, those skilled in the art would appreciate that the bottom surface can be constructed from alternative substances or coated with substances that significantly decrease the friction encountered when placed in contact with another flat surface, i.e. a floor 101 . \n [0020] As seen in FIG. 3 , in an alternative arrangement, the bottom surface 108 is only partially equipped with a low friction coating 205 . Alternatively, when only a portion of the bottom surface 108 is equipped with a low friction substance 205 , the other portions are equipped with no coating or a high friction coating 207 . The high friction coating or surface 207 can be either an application to the surface 108 or an engineered structure on surface 108 . For example, the high friction surface can be formed of a series of ridges or nodules built into the surface that increase surface contact with a floor surface 101 . In a particular embodiment of the apparatus, when the bottom surface 108 is convex in shape (like that in FIG. 5 ), a user is able to selectively apply pressure to different areas of the exercise device, thereby selectively engaging either the low-friction portions 205 or the high or normal friction portions 207 , depending on the particular activity desired. \n [0021] As seen in FIG. 4 , the exercise device 100 is equipped with an anchor 202 for attaching an elastic band or cable 304 . In the illustrated embodiment, the anchor 202 is configured as a loop of material that is integral to the base 102 of the exercise device. In an alternative arrangement, the anchor 202 is a separate device that is joined to the base by adhesive or fasteners. In a further arrangement, the anchor is a recessed or extruded portion of the base 102 that is configured to accept an elastic chord 304 . \n [0022] The elastic chord 304 is equipped to connect at least two exercise devices 100 together such that they are coupled to one another via the elastic chord 304 . By combining multiple exercise devices together via elastic chords 304 , resistive strength building exercises can be performed. In an alternative arrangement the elastic chord 304 is connected on one end to the base device 102 , and on another end to a stationary object (not shown), such as an item of furniture. In yet another arrangement, the elastic chord 304 is attached to an extremity that is not currently engaged with an exercise device 100 , such as an ankle or a wrist. In an alternative embodiment, several exercise devices 100 are linked to one another via multiple elastic cables 304 . Additionally, multiple elastic cables are employed to increase the resistance generated by the elastic cable 304 . Also seen in FIG. 4 , are the preferred placements of the user extremities 306 . \n [0023] FIG. 5 depicts another alternative embodiment of the device described wherein the base 102 is equipped with a plurality of expandable cells 502 . The cells 502 are located on the surface of the convex-shaped base 102 and are coated or formed of a material having a high coefficient of friction. The cells 502 are in communication with an expanding device (not shown) integral to the exercise device 100 and preferably located within the base 102 . Upon activation of the expanding device, the cells inflate or otherwise expand outwards, thereby extending beyond the bottom surface 108 of the base 102 . Once extended, the bladders provide a sufficient high-friction surface area so as to prevent movement of the exercise device 100 over the surface 101 . Thus, selective exercises can be undertaken without the fear of slippage. In this embodiment the device is equipped with a handle 504 that incorporates a control device. The handle/ control device 504 allows for securely holding the device while positioning a trigger or switch (not shown) that activates the expanding device. In a specific embodiment, a pump mechanism 505 is co-extensive with the handle so that the pump directs a working fluid (air, water etc.) into the cells causing them to expand by repeatedly squeezing of the handle. In yet a further embodiment, the pump has a release valve trigger that is also co-extensive with the handle. Both inflating and deflating the cells can be accomplished with the same hand that is gripping the particular device. Alternative expanding devices, such as solenoids or springs are also envisioned. Those skilled in the art will appreciate the various means for expanding and contracting the cells 502 so described. \n [0024] As shown in FIG. 6 , the cover 104 can be formed in multiple or separate pieces. Furthermore, it is possible to have the cover 104 configured to be customizable to a given orientation. For example, by way on non-limiting example, the cover or covers can be replaced by specialty covers designed for a particular exercise or purpose. Similarly, the covers can be arranged in different orientations given whether the device will operate as a foot device or hand device. \n [0025] The present invention provides a method for employing the above described elements so as to ensure that any number of general or specific strength building, cardiovascular, or resistance training exercises can be undertaken in any location, so long as that location is equipped with a flat surface capable of supporting the weight of the user. By way of non-limiting example, the device so described is capable of assisting the user in performing the following exercises: stationary mountain climbers; moving mountain climbers; feet pendulums; frog movements; hand and/or foot circles; sideways slides; sideways slides with pushups; scissors; jack knife; tricep slide; tricep slide with foot extension; chair pushup and slide; chest fly; standing lunges: forward, side or backward; standing lunges with squat; swimmer crawl; backward mountain climbers; elevated chair feet scissors; elevated chair scissors with pushup; buddy wheel barrel; ice skater (standing); fly and pushup combination; standing foot slide; alternate swimmer (hands then feet); and oblique slide (one side at a time). \n [0026] The method of the present invention includes a securing step, wherein the desired amount of devices are secured to the extremities For example, a user can secure a device to one or both feet and/or a device to one or both hands. Under the circumstances wherein the user has secured multiple devices, the methodology includes a step of positioning the user and devices over a clear flat surface such as a floor or platform. Once the proper position has been determined, the additional steps as described below can be undertaken. In situations where there are multiple devices the positioning step is repeated for each device. \n [0027] In the event that the device is equipped with elastic cabling or chords, an additional attachment step if provided. If the user only employs one device then the chord is secured to a stable object or to another extremity. For example, the strap can be secured to a door handle, item of furniture or to the wrist or ankle of the extremity not engaged with a device. \n [0028] After the position for exercising has been determined, and the optional securing step has been completed the user is free to engage in any number of exercises designed to enhance heath and conditioning. This exercise includes the step of moving the device with little resistance over the flat surface due to the low friction properties of the device. In the event that the user is employing an alternative arrangement of the device that incorporates low and high friction sections (as in FIG. 3 or 5 ) there is an additional step of shifting the device so that only the high or low friction surfaces are in direct contact with the floor surface. In this way, a stationary pivot point is provided for one of the users extremities. \n [0029] It should be understood that various combination, alternatives and modifications of the present invention could be devised by those skilled in the art. The present invention is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variances that fall within the scope of the appended claims. \n [0030] While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to a preferred embodiment thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.",
"response": "This abstract introduces a method and device for performing gliding exercises to increase strength and stamina. The device consists of disks with low friction surfaces that can be used on various flat surfaces. The abstract highlights the limitations of current exercise devices and the need for a portable, adaptable, and inexpensive exercise apparatus. The abstract also provides a brief overview of the invention, including the structure and features of the device. It concludes by stating that the invention allows for a variety of exercises to enhance cardiovascular health and wellbeing."
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BACKGROUND
[0001] 1. Technical Field
[0002] Embodiments of the invention relate to an antimicrobial medical monitor case and, more particularly, to an antimicrobial medical monitor case that has antimicrobial properties by adding a zinc phosphate glass powder to a synthetic resin for a monitor case.
[0003] 2. Description of the Related Art
[0004] Since the field of medicine is a very important and unique area dealing with human life, medicine is at the leading edge of technology where various fields are tested and applied. A variety of techniques are employed in the field of medicine such as chemical and biological techniques to develop new substances and materials, mechanical techniques to develop medical equipment, surgical robots or capsulated micro-robots, electric and electronic techniques to develop various types of diagnostic and test equipment, IT techniques to lead ubiquitous medical care environments, and the like.
[0005] For example, in electric and electronic applications closely related to various types of diagnostic and test equipment, a display device for displaying diagnosis results of a patient with a disease using image information is widely used. As such a display device, a liquid crystal display (LCD), which is thin and light, is generally used.
[0006] Medical display devices are adopted in consideration of use environments. Since medical treatment frequently requires cooperation between doctors or nurses, moving quickly within a relatively limited space, it is important to efficiently arrange a variety of medical devices in the space. In particular, since it is necessary to accurately read image information regarding patient conditions displayed on a medical monitor, the medical monitor is positioned near medical workers.
[0007] The medical monitor case is formed of synthetic resins and needs to have antimicrobial properties since it is positioned near medical workers and patients.
BRIEF SUMMARY
[0008] The present invention is directed to impart bacteriostatic activity to a case, which forms an appearance of a medical monitor and is frequently touched by medical workers and patients, thereby providing sanitation during medical treatment and therapy.
[0009] In accordance with one aspect of the invention, an antimicrobial case for a medical monitor includes 99.4 to 99.8% by weight (wt %) of a plastic resin and 0.2 to 0.4 wt % of a zinc phosphate glass powder represented by Formula 1:
[0000] ⅓Ag 2 O·(P 2 O 6 ·ZnO)m·(2CaO·3B 2 O 8 )n,
[0010] wherein m=10 and n=1.1 to 1.4.
[0011] The zinc phosphate glass powder may have a true specific gravity of 2.45 to 2.55 and a bulk specific gravity of 0.78 to 0.82.
[0012] The plastic resin may include one selected from an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) copolymer resin, a polypropylene (PP) resin, and a polycarbonate (PC) resin.
[0013] In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a medical monitor includes a liquid crystal display (LCD) panel displaying a flat image, a backlight unit emitting surface light to the LCD panel, a front case formed with an opening to expose the LCD panel, and a rear case coupled to the front case and covering the LCD panel and the backlight unit, wherein the front case and the rear case include 99.4 to 99.8% by weight (wt %) of a plastic resin and 0.2 to 0.4 wt % of a zinc phosphate glass powder represented by Formula 1.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0014] The above and other aspects, features, and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the detailed description of the following embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
[0015] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a medical monitor including an antimicrobial case according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; and
[0016] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the disassembled medical monitor including the antimicrobial case according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0017] Exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments and may be embodied in different ways, and that the embodiments are given to provide complete disclosure of the invention and to provide thorough understanding of the invention to those skilled in the art. The scope of the invention is limited only by the accompanying claims and equivalents thereof. Like components will be denoted by like reference numerals throughout the specification.
[0018] Further, the size and relative sizes of elements may be exaggerated for clarity. It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being “installed in or connected to” another element, it can be directly disposed on the other element, it can be separated a predetermined interval from the other element, or a third element may also be present therebetween to fix or connect it to the other element.
[0019] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a medical monitor including an antimicrobial case according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the disassembled medical monitor including the antimicrobial case according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[0020] As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 , the medical monitor 100 according to the embodiment includes a liquid crystal display (LCD) panel 110 , a backlight unit 120 disposed behind the LCD panel 110 , a drive circuit unit 130 disposed behind the backlight unit 120 , a front case 140 having an opening 142 to expose the LCD panel 110 , and a rear case 150 coupled to the front case 140 and covering the LCD panel 110 , the backlight unit 120 and the drive circuit unit 130 . Further, the LCD panel 110 is protected by a reinforced glass 180 . This configuration is general for an LCD monitor and a detailed description thereof will thus be omitted herein.
[0021] In the present embodiment, antimicrobial functions are imparted to a monitor case among components of the medical monitor, which is exposed to the outside and comes into direct contact with medical workers and patients.
[0022] The monitor case includes the front case 140 and the rear case 150 . In the present embodiment, antimicrobial properties are imparted both to the front case 140 and to the rear case 150 , thereby providing antimicrobial properties to the entire outside of the monitor touched by patients and medical workers. Hereinafter, the front case 140 and the rear case 150 are collectively referred to as a case.
[0023] The antimicrobial case for a medical monitor according to the present embodiment is manufactured by mixing a plastic resin with a small amount of zinc phosphate glass powder, thereby preventing growth of microorganisms such as bacteria or the like on the surface thereof.
[0024] The zinc phosphate glass powder is represented by Formula 1:
[0000] ⅓Ag 2 O·(P 2 O 6 ·ZnO)m·(2CaO·3B 2 O 8 )n,
[0025] where m=10, and n=1.1 to 1.4.
[0026] The zinc phosphate glass powder is a white powder and may have a true specific gravity of 2.45 to 2.55, a bulk specific gravity of 0.78 to 0.82, an average particle size 3 to 5 μm, and a maximum particle diameter of 10 to 20 μm.
[0027] The zinc phosphate glass powder is a single product and provides material safety.
[0028] That is, exposure of zinc phosphate glass powder to the eye does not cause any harm. Further, the zinc phosphate glass powder does not cause any harm to the skin and can be washed off with water.
[0029] If the zinc phosphate glass powder has too a large particle size, the glass powder functions as a crack point, thereby reducing durability and deteriorating the quality of the case surface.
[0030] It is desirable that the plastic resin have formability, strength, durability, and thermal resistance.
[0031] Examples of the plastic resin may include, without being limited to, an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) resin, a polypropylene (PP) resin, a polycarbonate (PC) resin, and the like.
[0032] The ABS copolymer resin is a styrene resin comprised of styrene, acrylonitrile and butadiene. The ABS copolymer resin generally has easy processability, high impact resistance and excellent thermal resistance. The ABS copolymer resin has a heat resistance of 93° C. and an impact resistance of 4.5 as compared with polyethylene having a heat resistance of 80° C. and an impact resistance of 0.8.
[0033] The ABS copolymer resin is generally prepared by mixing or blending a copolymer of acrylonitrile and butadiene and a copolymer of styrene and butadiene, so that a copolymer resin having properties of these copolymers is obtained. Since different combinations of components of the copolymers cause a delicate change in product performance, combinations of the copolymer components may be changed depending on purposes.
[0034] PP resin is produced along with ethylene when naphtha is decomposed in a petrochemical plant. The PP resin has an isotactic structure, in which methyl groups are regularly oriented in the same direction. The PP resin has a melting point of 165° C. and can be successively used at 110° under a load. The PP resin has a density of 0.9 to 0.91 and crystallinity, which is high but is decreased to 70% or less after molding.
[0035] PC resin is also referred to as polyester carbonate. An available thermoplastic resin is polycarbonate from bisphenol-A. PC resin is an engineering plastic which is transparent, non-toxic and self-extinguishable, has excellent mechanical properties, such as excellent impact resistance, and a good balance between thermal resistance, cold resistance and electrical properties. PC resin is prepared industrially by solvent polymerization through interfacial polycondensation of bisphenol-A and phosgene or by melt polymerization through transesterification of bisphenol-A and diphenyl carbonate. PC resin has a molecular weight of 20,000 or more.
[0036] The antimicrobial case of the medical monitor according to the embodiment includes 99.4 to 99.8% by weight (wt %) of one plastic resin selected from the ABS copolymer resin, the PP resin and the PC resin and 0.2 to 0.4 wt % of the zinc phosphate glass powder represented by Formula 1.
[0037] The case is manufactured by adding the zinc phosphate glass powder to a molten plastic resin and thoroughly stirring the mixture to uniformly disperse the zinc phosphate glass powder in the resin, followed by injection molding.
[0038] Here, the term “molten” does not refer to a complete liquid state, but means a state in which the resin has fluidity to mix with the powder and to be subjected to injection molding.
[0039] The zinc phosphate glass powder is used to impart antimicrobial properties to the plastic resin and is added in an amount suitable to provide antimicrobial effects without affecting mechanical properties.
[0040] When the amount of zinc phosphate glass powder is below 0.2 wt % based on the total weight of plastic resin, antimicrobial effects are not exhibited. When the amount of zinc phosphate glass powder exceeds 0.4 wt % based on the total weight of plastic resin, mechanical properties can be changed, since the zinc phosphate glass powder functions as a defect in the case, decreasing strength and durability.
[0041] Further, since excessive addition of the zinc phosphate glass powder brings about cost increase, it is desirable that the zinc phosphate glass powder be added in a proper amount to impart antimicrobial properties to the case of the medical monitor.
EXAMPLE
[0042] Samples were prepared using a pure ABS copolymer resin in Comparative Example and using a mixture of an ABS copolymer resin and 0.4 wt % of a zinc phosphate glass powder represented by Formula 1 in Example, and quantitative analysis was performed using JIS Z 2801 on the samples to measure bacteriostatic activity.
[0043] In Example, 0.4 wt % of the zinc phosphate glass powder represented by Formula 1 was added to 99.6 wt % of molten ABS copolymer resin and thoroughly stirred by an agitator, followed by injection molding to prepare a sample.
[0044] The samples of Comparative Example and Example were inoculated with Escherichia coli NBRC 3972 and left at 35° C.±1° C. and at a relative humidity of 90% for 24 hours, followed by measurement of the number of bacteria.
[0045] The inoculated number of Escherichia coli NBRC 3972 was 2.3×10 5 /ml and the inoculated amount thereof was 0.4 ml.
[0046] In Comparative Example, the number of bacteria (A) increased to 2.2×10 7 /ml.
[0047] In Example, the number of bacteria (B) decreased to 6.6×10 3 /ml.
[0048] An antimicrobial index is log(A/B)=log(2.2×10 7 /ml/6.6×10 3 /ml)=3.5.
[0049] Based on the standards, a material having an antimicrobial index of 2.0 or greater is deemed to have bacteriostatic activity.
[0050] Accordingly, the zinc phosphate glass powder-added ABS copolymer resin is identified as having bacteriostatic activity against Escherichia coli NBRC 3972.
[0051] In a conventional monitor case having no antimicrobial properties, bacteria attached to the surface of the case may multiply, causing infections in patients and medical workers since the monitor case is used near the patients and medical workers. According to the present invention, antimicrobial properties are imparted to medical monitors, thereby providing a safe and sanitary medical environment.
[0052] As described above, according to the embodiments of the invention, antimicrobial properties are imparted to a monitor case to prevent multiplication of bacteria on the surface of the monitor which is used near medical workers and patients, thereby providing a sanitary medical environment.
[0053] Although some embodiments have been described herein, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are given by way of illustration only, and that various modifications, variations, and alterations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the scope of the invention should be limited only by the accompanying claims and equivalents thereof. | Disclosed is an antimicrobial medical monitor case which has antimicrobial properties by adding a zinc phosphate glass powder to a synthetic resin for a monitor case. The antimicrobial case includes 99.4 to 99.8 wt % of a plastic resin and 0.2 to 0.4 wt % of a zinc phosphate glass powder represented by Formula:
⅓Ag 2 O·(P 2 O 6 ·ZnO)m·(2CaO·3B 2 O 8 )n,
where m=10, and n=1.1 to 1.4. | This paper presents an antimicrobial medical monitor case that incorporates a zinc phosphate glass powder into a synthetic resin. The case is designed to prevent the growth of microorganisms on its surface, providing a sanitary environment for medical workers and patients. The zinc phosphate glass powder is added in a specific amount to maintain mechanical properties while imparting antimicrobial effects. Experimental results show that the case with the zinc phosphate glass powder exhibits bacteriostatic activity against Escherichia coli. This innovation improves the safety and sanitation of medical environments by preventing bacterial infections. | {
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"display_name": "Faithfulness",
"data": {
"query": "Summarize the context",
"context": "BACKGROUND \n [0001] 1. Technical Field \n [0002] Embodiments of the invention relate to an antimicrobial medical monitor case and, more particularly, to an antimicrobial medical monitor case that has antimicrobial properties by adding a zinc phosphate glass powder to a synthetic resin for a monitor case. \n [0003] 2. Description of the Related Art \n [0004] Since the field of medicine is a very important and unique area dealing with human life, medicine is at the leading edge of technology where various fields are tested and applied. A variety of techniques are employed in the field of medicine such as chemical and biological techniques to develop new substances and materials, mechanical techniques to develop medical equipment, surgical robots or capsulated micro-robots, electric and electronic techniques to develop various types of diagnostic and test equipment, IT techniques to lead ubiquitous medical care environments, and the like. \n [0005] For example, in electric and electronic applications closely related to various types of diagnostic and test equipment, a display device for displaying diagnosis results of a patient with a disease using image information is widely used. As such a display device, a liquid crystal display (LCD), which is thin and light, is generally used. \n [0006] Medical display devices are adopted in consideration of use environments. Since medical treatment frequently requires cooperation between doctors or nurses, moving quickly within a relatively limited space, it is important to efficiently arrange a variety of medical devices in the space. In particular, since it is necessary to accurately read image information regarding patient conditions displayed on a medical monitor, the medical monitor is positioned near medical workers. \n [0007] The medical monitor case is formed of synthetic resins and needs to have antimicrobial properties since it is positioned near medical workers and patients. \n BRIEF SUMMARY \n [0008] The present invention is directed to impart bacteriostatic activity to a case, which forms an appearance of a medical monitor and is frequently touched by medical workers and patients, thereby providing sanitation during medical treatment and therapy. \n [0009] In accordance with one aspect of the invention, an antimicrobial case for a medical monitor includes 99.4 to 99.8% by weight (wt %) of a plastic resin and 0.2 to 0.4 wt % of a zinc phosphate glass powder represented by Formula 1: \n [0000] ⅓Ag 2 O·(P 2 O 6 ·ZnO)m·(2CaO·3B 2 O 8 )n,\n \n [0010] wherein m=10 and n=1.1 to 1.4. \n [0011] The zinc phosphate glass powder may have a true specific gravity of 2.45 to 2.55 and a bulk specific gravity of 0.78 to 0.82. \n [0012] The plastic resin may include one selected from an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) copolymer resin, a polypropylene (PP) resin, and a polycarbonate (PC) resin. \n [0013] In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a medical monitor includes a liquid crystal display (LCD) panel displaying a flat image, a backlight unit emitting surface light to the LCD panel, a front case formed with an opening to expose the LCD panel, and a rear case coupled to the front case and covering the LCD panel and the backlight unit, wherein the front case and the rear case include 99.4 to 99.8% by weight (wt %) of a plastic resin and 0.2 to 0.4 wt % of a zinc phosphate glass powder represented by Formula 1. \n \n \n \n BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS \n [0014] The above and other aspects, features, and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the detailed description of the following embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings: \n [0015] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a medical monitor including an antimicrobial case according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; and \n [0016] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the disassembled medical monitor including the antimicrobial case according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention. \n \n \n \n DETAILED DESCRIPTION \n [0017] Exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments and may be embodied in different ways, and that the embodiments are given to provide complete disclosure of the invention and to provide thorough understanding of the invention to those skilled in the art. The scope of the invention is limited only by the accompanying claims and equivalents thereof. Like components will be denoted by like reference numerals throughout the specification. \n [0018] Further, the size and relative sizes of elements may be exaggerated for clarity. It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being “installed in or connected to” another element, it can be directly disposed on the other element, it can be separated a predetermined interval from the other element, or a third element may also be present therebetween to fix or connect it to the other element. \n [0019] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a medical monitor including an antimicrobial case according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the disassembled medical monitor including the antimicrobial case according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention. \n [0020] As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 , the medical monitor 100 according to the embodiment includes a liquid crystal display (LCD) panel 110 , a backlight unit 120 disposed behind the LCD panel 110 , a drive circuit unit 130 disposed behind the backlight unit 120 , a front case 140 having an opening 142 to expose the LCD panel 110 , and a rear case 150 coupled to the front case 140 and covering the LCD panel 110 , the backlight unit 120 and the drive circuit unit 130 . Further, the LCD panel 110 is protected by a reinforced glass 180 . This configuration is general for an LCD monitor and a detailed description thereof will thus be omitted herein. \n [0021] In the present embodiment, antimicrobial functions are imparted to a monitor case among components of the medical monitor, which is exposed to the outside and comes into direct contact with medical workers and patients. \n [0022] The monitor case includes the front case 140 and the rear case 150 . In the present embodiment, antimicrobial properties are imparted both to the front case 140 and to the rear case 150 , thereby providing antimicrobial properties to the entire outside of the monitor touched by patients and medical workers. Hereinafter, the front case 140 and the rear case 150 are collectively referred to as a case. \n [0023] The antimicrobial case for a medical monitor according to the present embodiment is manufactured by mixing a plastic resin with a small amount of zinc phosphate glass powder, thereby preventing growth of microorganisms such as bacteria or the like on the surface thereof. \n [0024] The zinc phosphate glass powder is represented by Formula 1: \n [0000] ⅓Ag 2 O·(P 2 O 6 ·ZnO)m·(2CaO·3B 2 O 8 )n,\n \n [0025] where m=10, and n=1.1 to 1.4. \n [0026] The zinc phosphate glass powder is a white powder and may have a true specific gravity of 2.45 to 2.55, a bulk specific gravity of 0.78 to 0.82, an average particle size 3 to 5 μm, and a maximum particle diameter of 10 to 20 μm. \n [0027] The zinc phosphate glass powder is a single product and provides material safety. \n [0028] That is, exposure of zinc phosphate glass powder to the eye does not cause any harm. Further, the zinc phosphate glass powder does not cause any harm to the skin and can be washed off with water. \n [0029] If the zinc phosphate glass powder has too a large particle size, the glass powder functions as a crack point, thereby reducing durability and deteriorating the quality of the case surface. \n [0030] It is desirable that the plastic resin have formability, strength, durability, and thermal resistance. \n [0031] Examples of the plastic resin may include, without being limited to, an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) resin, a polypropylene (PP) resin, a polycarbonate (PC) resin, and the like. \n [0032] The ABS copolymer resin is a styrene resin comprised of styrene, acrylonitrile and butadiene. The ABS copolymer resin generally has easy processability, high impact resistance and excellent thermal resistance. The ABS copolymer resin has a heat resistance of 93° C. and an impact resistance of 4.5 as compared with polyethylene having a heat resistance of 80° C. and an impact resistance of 0.8. \n [0033] The ABS copolymer resin is generally prepared by mixing or blending a copolymer of acrylonitrile and butadiene and a copolymer of styrene and butadiene, so that a copolymer resin having properties of these copolymers is obtained. Since different combinations of components of the copolymers cause a delicate change in product performance, combinations of the copolymer components may be changed depending on purposes. \n [0034] PP resin is produced along with ethylene when naphtha is decomposed in a petrochemical plant. The PP resin has an isotactic structure, in which methyl groups are regularly oriented in the same direction. The PP resin has a melting point of 165° C. and can be successively used at 110° under a load. The PP resin has a density of 0.9 to 0.91 and crystallinity, which is high but is decreased to 70% or less after molding. \n [0035] PC resin is also referred to as polyester carbonate. An available thermoplastic resin is polycarbonate from bisphenol-A. PC resin is an engineering plastic which is transparent, non-toxic and self-extinguishable, has excellent mechanical properties, such as excellent impact resistance, and a good balance between thermal resistance, cold resistance and electrical properties. PC resin is prepared industrially by solvent polymerization through interfacial polycondensation of bisphenol-A and phosgene or by melt polymerization through transesterification of bisphenol-A and diphenyl carbonate. PC resin has a molecular weight of 20,000 or more. \n [0036] The antimicrobial case of the medical monitor according to the embodiment includes 99.4 to 99.8% by weight (wt %) of one plastic resin selected from the ABS copolymer resin, the PP resin and the PC resin and 0.2 to 0.4 wt % of the zinc phosphate glass powder represented by Formula 1. \n [0037] The case is manufactured by adding the zinc phosphate glass powder to a molten plastic resin and thoroughly stirring the mixture to uniformly disperse the zinc phosphate glass powder in the resin, followed by injection molding. \n [0038] Here, the term “molten” does not refer to a complete liquid state, but means a state in which the resin has fluidity to mix with the powder and to be subjected to injection molding. \n [0039] The zinc phosphate glass powder is used to impart antimicrobial properties to the plastic resin and is added in an amount suitable to provide antimicrobial effects without affecting mechanical properties. \n [0040] When the amount of zinc phosphate glass powder is below 0.2 wt % based on the total weight of plastic resin, antimicrobial effects are not exhibited. When the amount of zinc phosphate glass powder exceeds 0.4 wt % based on the total weight of plastic resin, mechanical properties can be changed, since the zinc phosphate glass powder functions as a defect in the case, decreasing strength and durability. \n [0041] Further, since excessive addition of the zinc phosphate glass powder brings about cost increase, it is desirable that the zinc phosphate glass powder be added in a proper amount to impart antimicrobial properties to the case of the medical monitor. \n EXAMPLE \n [0042] Samples were prepared using a pure ABS copolymer resin in Comparative Example and using a mixture of an ABS copolymer resin and 0.4 wt % of a zinc phosphate glass powder represented by Formula 1 in Example, and quantitative analysis was performed using JIS Z 2801 on the samples to measure bacteriostatic activity. \n [0043] In Example, 0.4 wt % of the zinc phosphate glass powder represented by Formula 1 was added to 99.6 wt % of molten ABS copolymer resin and thoroughly stirred by an agitator, followed by injection molding to prepare a sample. \n [0044] The samples of Comparative Example and Example were inoculated with Escherichia coli NBRC 3972 and left at 35° C.±1° C. and at a relative humidity of 90% for 24 hours, followed by measurement of the number of bacteria. \n [0045] The inoculated number of Escherichia coli NBRC 3972 was 2.3×10 5 /ml and the inoculated amount thereof was 0.4 ml. \n [0046] In Comparative Example, the number of bacteria (A) increased to 2.2×10 7 /ml. \n [0047] In Example, the number of bacteria (B) decreased to 6.6×10 3 /ml. \n [0048] An antimicrobial index is log(A/B)=log(2.2×10 7 /ml/6.6×10 3 /ml)=3.5. \n [0049] Based on the standards, a material having an antimicrobial index of 2.0 or greater is deemed to have bacteriostatic activity. \n [0050] Accordingly, the zinc phosphate glass powder-added ABS copolymer resin is identified as having bacteriostatic activity against Escherichia coli NBRC 3972. \n [0051] In a conventional monitor case having no antimicrobial properties, bacteria attached to the surface of the case may multiply, causing infections in patients and medical workers since the monitor case is used near the patients and medical workers. According to the present invention, antimicrobial properties are imparted to medical monitors, thereby providing a safe and sanitary medical environment. \n [0052] As described above, according to the embodiments of the invention, antimicrobial properties are imparted to a monitor case to prevent multiplication of bacteria on the surface of the monitor which is used near medical workers and patients, thereby providing a sanitary medical environment. \n [0053] Although some embodiments have been described herein, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are given by way of illustration only, and that various modifications, variations, and alterations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the scope of the invention should be limited only by the accompanying claims and equivalents thereof.",
"response": "This paper presents an antimicrobial medical monitor case that incorporates a zinc phosphate glass powder into a synthetic resin. The case is designed to prevent the growth of microorganisms on its surface, providing a sanitary environment for medical workers and patients. The zinc phosphate glass powder is added in a specific amount to maintain mechanical properties while imparting antimicrobial effects. Experimental results show that the case with the zinc phosphate glass powder exhibits bacteriostatic activity against Escherichia coli. This innovation improves the safety and sanitation of medical environments by preventing bacterial infections."
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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to dental prosthetic devices, and particularly to a pontic which uses less metal than conventional pontics.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The arrival of porcelain-fused-to-metal, in about 1958, brought a new era to dentistry, and with it, many problems. The patience and skills of dental technicians, with time, were able to solve many of these problems, but the problems that remain are still troublesome.
One of the remaining problems involves casting the framework of the product which is to receive the covering layer of porcelain, and this problem stems from the fact that a replacement tooth is much greater in bulk than the natural teeth which will abut the pontic. This requires that thick, heavy pontics be cast, which often results in porous castings. Further, the conventional castings used in porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations is solid precious or non-precious metal, such as gold, and tends to be rather heavy and highly conductive to heat, causing the patient great discomfort and resulting dissatisfaction with the restoration.
The casting used in porcelain-fused-to-metal pontics is generally made in the conventional manner of constructing pontics by the well-known investment or "lost wax" process. A discussion of the use of this process as it applies to the manufacture of dental prosthetic devices can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 4,024,211, issued May 17, 1977, to A. E. Strauss.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide a porcelain-fused-to-metal pontic which is lighter and denser than pontics constructed by conventional techniques, and which eliminates the problem of the metal in the pontic becoming porous as the molten metal solidifies.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a stronger and lighter substructure for a dental pontic for facilitating fusing of porcelain to the substructure.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a procelain-fused-to-metal pontic construction which reduces the amount of metal used, which reduction is particularly advantageous in monetary savings when the metal used is a precious metal.
A still further object of the invention is to provide a pontic which can be constructed in less time than when conventional construction techniques are employed, yet is stronger in construction than strength realized from conventional techniques.
Still another object of the invention is to provide a porcelain-fused-to-metal pontic, the metal of which is easier to polish because of the relatively higher density of the casting used in the pontic.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a pontic which is more comfortable to wear because of lighter weight and lower heat conductivity.
These and other objects are achieved according to the present invention by providing a pontic having: a core; a metal mass disposed around and embedding the core; and a covering layer over at least a portion of the metal mass. The core preferably is solid and constructed from a ceramic material, while the covering layer is usually formed of porcelain fused to the metal by techniques known per se.
A pontic according to the invention is first constructed by making a pattern composite of wax and the core, and subsequently investing the pattern and removing the wax therefrom in a conventional manner in a mold, leaving the core and investment material to form a pattern which can be cast in a conventional manner with a precious or non-precious metal. Once cast, the investment material and casting are removed from the mold cavity, with the investment material being separated from the casting in a conventional manner and the surface of the casting cleaned as appropriate. One or more pins which are attached to the core initially in order to permit the core to be affixed within the mold cavity can now be cut off flush with the outer surface of the casting, and porcelain or a similar material applied to at least a portion of the outer surface of the metal mass by techniques known per se.
These together with other objects and advantages which will become subsequently apparent reside in the details of construction and operation as more fully hereinafter described and claimed, reference being had to the accompanying drawings forming a part hereof, wherein like numerals refer to like parts throughout.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a fragmentary, top plan view, showing a pontic according to the present invention in place between two abutment teeth in an edentulous area of a person's mouth.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged, fragmentary, sectional view taken generally along the line 2--2 of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a schematic, front elevational view of a pontic constructed in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic, rear view of the pontic seen in FIG. 3.
FIGS. 5A and 5B are schematic diagrams showing various steps in the process according to the invention of making a pontic according to the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring now more particularly to FIGS. 1 through 4 of the drawings, a pontic 10 according to the present invention, which is shown in FIG. 1 as being disposed between abutment teeth T and T' in an edentulous area of a person's mouth, comprises a core 12, constructed from a suitable ceramic material, and the like, embedded in a metal mass 14 disposed around core 12, and itself at least partially covered by a covering layer 16 of porcelain, and the like. By "ceramic" is meant the traditional ceramic materials based on silica, which is fused and molded in a conventional manner. Since neither the specific material used in nor the exact manner of fabricating the core 12 of pontic 10 forms part of the present invention, it will not be described in greater detail herein. A pair of pins 18 are illustrated as being embedded in the core 12 and associated metal mass 14 of pontic 10, the purpose of which pins and the manner in which they become embedded in a finished pontic 10 is to be made clear below.
In constructing a pontic 10 according to the invention, a model or pattern is constructed and articulated in the usual manner. More specifically, the abutments are first waxed, then the pontic, by placing two thickness of 26 gauge wax on a stone model (not shown) over the ridge area that is to be bridged with a pontic 10. Then a core 12 of the proper size and shape is selected and aligned. Casting rings 22 are commonly used in dentistry to invest wax patterns. A rubber or metal crucible former 24 disposed at the bottom of ring 22 forms a well in the investment material 26 to guide molten metal to sprues 28 and ultimately to the mold left by removal of the wax pattern during investment. The abutments and pontic are cast as one unit.
After two thickness of 26 gauge wax has been formed to the stone model of the ridge of the lower jaw, then the internal core 12 is placed on the wax in proper alignment by flowing a little soft casting wax to hold the core 12 in place. Once the core 12 is in place, a flow of inlay wax can be placed around core 12 to secure it in such proper position, keeping the wax short of the occusal surface formed by edge 30 of core 12 in case you have to reduce the core. A space for bar 32 is filled in prior to casting before the pattern is adjusted, as by grinding an edge 30 for occusal clearance. The grinding of edge 30 should not introduce chips into the wax so as to cause pits in the castings made from the mold. After the latter mentioned adjustment, residue from the grinding must be rinsed off, as with water, before the wax-up of the pattern on the stone model can be continued.
As the pattern is waxed, care must be taken not to wax over the extended portions of pins 18, which as can be seen from FIGS. 5A and 5B initially extend a substantial distance from core 12 so as to terminate adjacent ring 22. These pins 18 hold the resulting pattern in an investment material 26 while casting is being done. Once the pattern is in place within mold ring 22, an investment material 26 is placed in cavity 22 in a conventional manner so that the wax is lost and the investment material 26 forms a mold for the casting. Pins 18 are embedded in material 26 so as to hold core 12 in place during casting. The casting operation can now be carried out in a conventional manner and when finished, the resulting casting removed from ring 22, together with material 26, and cleaned, the pins 18 cut off, and the resulting subframe finished to receive the porcelain, and the like. The latter is placed on the stone model so as to form the covering layer 16 and finish off the pontic 10.
Pins 18 extend from the wax pattern approximately 3/8", for example, to be held in position by the investment material 26 while the molten metal which will form the casting is being introduced into the mold left by wax after the latter has been removed in the conventional manner during the investment.
A minimum of 3/4 of a millimeter of wax should be placed around core 12 when forming the pontic, with the result that the metal mass 14 will be at least 3/4 of a millimeter thick. When grinding core 12 for occlusal clearance, one should be sure to keep the wax away from the area to be ground. Further, the residue of any wax affected by the grinding should be cleaned completely from the surface of core 12, or from the pattern being made, before the waxing procedure is continued. The 3/4 millimeter minimum thickness of metal in metal mass 14 assures that one will not grind through to core 12 during finishing operations of the final casting.
The frame resulting from the casting has the necessary strength for a successful bridge due to additional support stresses resulting from the composite construction. The best size suited for the space to be filled must be selected, and by properly visualizing the need beforehand, unnecessary failures in sizing can be eliminated. In this regard, important areas to note are the buccal, mesial and distal.
As can be appreciated from the above description and from the drawings, a pontic constructed in accordance with the present invention provides a light weight, yet dense and very strong, restoration for placement in an edentulous area of a person's mouth so as to provide the person with an efficient and comfortable pontic. The cores will be made in shapes and sizes to fit inside pontics intended to replace centrals and laterals (incisors), cuspids (canines), bicuspids, and molars. These different cores also will be in three basic sizes, for example, such as large, medium and small.
Further, the ceramic core technique can be used in making jewelry, art objects and be used in other industries that use wax elimination techniques.
The foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the principles of the invention. Further, since numerous modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact construction and operation shown and described, and accordingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the invention. | A pontic having a core constructed from a ceramic material embedded in a metal mass at least a portion of which is itself covered by a layer of porcelain. One or more pins are initially inserted into the core for facilitating placement of the core subsequent to waxing of same into a pattern in the cavity of a mold while the pattern is invested and the metal mass subsequently cast within the investment. The porcelain covering layer can be added to the casting in a conventional manner once the casting has been removed from the mold and cleaned in an appropriate manner. | This paper discusses a dental prosthetic device known as a pontic, which is used to replace missing teeth. The traditional method of constructing pontics involves casting a thick metal framework, which can result in porous castings and discomfort for the patient. This invention presents a novel approach to pontic construction that uses a lighter and denser core made from ceramic material, reducing the amount of metal needed. The process involves creating a pattern composite of wax and the core, investing the pattern in a mold, casting the metal, and applying a covering layer of porcelain. The resulting pontic is stronger, lighter, and more comfortable for the patient. This technique can also be applied to other industries that use wax elimination techniques. | {
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"context": "BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION \n 1. Field of the Invention \n This invention relates generally to dental prosthetic devices, and particularly to a pontic which uses less metal than conventional pontics. \n 2. Description of the Prior Art \n The arrival of porcelain-fused-to-metal, in about 1958, brought a new era to dentistry, and with it, many problems. The patience and skills of dental technicians, with time, were able to solve many of these problems, but the problems that remain are still troublesome. \n One of the remaining problems involves casting the framework of the product which is to receive the covering layer of porcelain, and this problem stems from the fact that a replacement tooth is much greater in bulk than the natural teeth which will abut the pontic. This requires that thick, heavy pontics be cast, which often results in porous castings. Further, the conventional castings used in porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations is solid precious or non-precious metal, such as gold, and tends to be rather heavy and highly conductive to heat, causing the patient great discomfort and resulting dissatisfaction with the restoration. \n The casting used in porcelain-fused-to-metal pontics is generally made in the conventional manner of constructing pontics by the well-known investment or "lost wax" process. A discussion of the use of this process as it applies to the manufacture of dental prosthetic devices can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 4,024,211, issued May 17, 1977, to A. E. Strauss. \n SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION \n It is an object of the present invention to provide a porcelain-fused-to-metal pontic which is lighter and denser than pontics constructed by conventional techniques, and which eliminates the problem of the metal in the pontic becoming porous as the molten metal solidifies. \n Another object of the present invention is to provide a stronger and lighter substructure for a dental pontic for facilitating fusing of porcelain to the substructure. \n Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a procelain-fused-to-metal pontic construction which reduces the amount of metal used, which reduction is particularly advantageous in monetary savings when the metal used is a precious metal. \n A still further object of the invention is to provide a pontic which can be constructed in less time than when conventional construction techniques are employed, yet is stronger in construction than strength realized from conventional techniques. \n Still another object of the invention is to provide a porcelain-fused-to-metal pontic, the metal of which is easier to polish because of the relatively higher density of the casting used in the pontic. \n Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a pontic which is more comfortable to wear because of lighter weight and lower heat conductivity. \n These and other objects are achieved according to the present invention by providing a pontic having: a core; a metal mass disposed around and embedding the core; and a covering layer over at least a portion of the metal mass. The core preferably is solid and constructed from a ceramic material, while the covering layer is usually formed of porcelain fused to the metal by techniques known per se. \n A pontic according to the invention is first constructed by making a pattern composite of wax and the core, and subsequently investing the pattern and removing the wax therefrom in a conventional manner in a mold, leaving the core and investment material to form a pattern which can be cast in a conventional manner with a precious or non-precious metal. Once cast, the investment material and casting are removed from the mold cavity, with the investment material being separated from the casting in a conventional manner and the surface of the casting cleaned as appropriate. One or more pins which are attached to the core initially in order to permit the core to be affixed within the mold cavity can now be cut off flush with the outer surface of the casting, and porcelain or a similar material applied to at least a portion of the outer surface of the metal mass by techniques known per se. \n These together with other objects and advantages which will become subsequently apparent reside in the details of construction and operation as more fully hereinafter described and claimed, reference being had to the accompanying drawings forming a part hereof, wherein like numerals refer to like parts throughout. \n \n \n BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS \n FIG. 1 is a fragmentary, top plan view, showing a pontic according to the present invention in place between two abutment teeth in an edentulous area of a person's mouth. \n FIG. 2 is an enlarged, fragmentary, sectional view taken generally along the line 2--2 of FIG. 1. \n FIG. 3 is a schematic, front elevational view of a pontic constructed in accordance with the present invention. \n FIG. 4 is a schematic, rear view of the pontic seen in FIG. 3. \n FIGS. 5A and 5B are schematic diagrams showing various steps in the process according to the invention of making a pontic according to the invention. \n \n \n DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS \n Referring now more particularly to FIGS. 1 through 4 of the drawings, a pontic 10 according to the present invention, which is shown in FIG. 1 as being disposed between abutment teeth T and T' in an edentulous area of a person's mouth, comprises a core 12, constructed from a suitable ceramic material, and the like, embedded in a metal mass 14 disposed around core 12, and itself at least partially covered by a covering layer 16 of porcelain, and the like. By "ceramic" is meant the traditional ceramic materials based on silica, which is fused and molded in a conventional manner. Since neither the specific material used in nor the exact manner of fabricating the core 12 of pontic 10 forms part of the present invention, it will not be described in greater detail herein. A pair of pins 18 are illustrated as being embedded in the core 12 and associated metal mass 14 of pontic 10, the purpose of which pins and the manner in which they become embedded in a finished pontic 10 is to be made clear below. \n In constructing a pontic 10 according to the invention, a model or pattern is constructed and articulated in the usual manner. More specifically, the abutments are first waxed, then the pontic, by placing two thickness of 26 gauge wax on a stone model (not shown) over the ridge area that is to be bridged with a pontic 10. Then a core 12 of the proper size and shape is selected and aligned. Casting rings 22 are commonly used in dentistry to invest wax patterns. A rubber or metal crucible former 24 disposed at the bottom of ring 22 forms a well in the investment material 26 to guide molten metal to sprues 28 and ultimately to the mold left by removal of the wax pattern during investment. The abutments and pontic are cast as one unit. \n After two thickness of 26 gauge wax has been formed to the stone model of the ridge of the lower jaw, then the internal core 12 is placed on the wax in proper alignment by flowing a little soft casting wax to hold the core 12 in place. Once the core 12 is in place, a flow of inlay wax can be placed around core 12 to secure it in such proper position, keeping the wax short of the occusal surface formed by edge 30 of core 12 in case you have to reduce the core. A space for bar 32 is filled in prior to casting before the pattern is adjusted, as by grinding an edge 30 for occusal clearance. The grinding of edge 30 should not introduce chips into the wax so as to cause pits in the castings made from the mold. After the latter mentioned adjustment, residue from the grinding must be rinsed off, as with water, before the wax-up of the pattern on the stone model can be continued. \n As the pattern is waxed, care must be taken not to wax over the extended portions of pins 18, which as can be seen from FIGS. 5A and 5B initially extend a substantial distance from core 12 so as to terminate adjacent ring 22. These pins 18 hold the resulting pattern in an investment material 26 while casting is being done. Once the pattern is in place within mold ring 22, an investment material 26 is placed in cavity 22 in a conventional manner so that the wax is lost and the investment material 26 forms a mold for the casting. Pins 18 are embedded in material 26 so as to hold core 12 in place during casting. The casting operation can now be carried out in a conventional manner and when finished, the resulting casting removed from ring 22, together with material 26, and cleaned, the pins 18 cut off, and the resulting subframe finished to receive the porcelain, and the like. The latter is placed on the stone model so as to form the covering layer 16 and finish off the pontic 10. \n Pins 18 extend from the wax pattern approximately 3/8", for example, to be held in position by the investment material 26 while the molten metal which will form the casting is being introduced into the mold left by wax after the latter has been removed in the conventional manner during the investment. \n A minimum of 3/4 of a millimeter of wax should be placed around core 12 when forming the pontic, with the result that the metal mass 14 will be at least 3/4 of a millimeter thick. When grinding core 12 for occlusal clearance, one should be sure to keep the wax away from the area to be ground. Further, the residue of any wax affected by the grinding should be cleaned completely from the surface of core 12, or from the pattern being made, before the waxing procedure is continued. The 3/4 millimeter minimum thickness of metal in metal mass 14 assures that one will not grind through to core 12 during finishing operations of the final casting. \n The frame resulting from the casting has the necessary strength for a successful bridge due to additional support stresses resulting from the composite construction. The best size suited for the space to be filled must be selected, and by properly visualizing the need beforehand, unnecessary failures in sizing can be eliminated. In this regard, important areas to note are the buccal, mesial and distal. \n As can be appreciated from the above description and from the drawings, a pontic constructed in accordance with the present invention provides a light weight, yet dense and very strong, restoration for placement in an edentulous area of a person's mouth so as to provide the person with an efficient and comfortable pontic. The cores will be made in shapes and sizes to fit inside pontics intended to replace centrals and laterals (incisors), cuspids (canines), bicuspids, and molars. These different cores also will be in three basic sizes, for example, such as large, medium and small. \n Further, the ceramic core technique can be used in making jewelry, art objects and be used in other industries that use wax elimination techniques. \n The foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the principles of the invention. Further, since numerous modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact construction and operation shown and described, and accordingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the invention.",
"response": "This paper discusses a dental prosthetic device known as a pontic, which is used to replace missing teeth. The traditional method of constructing pontics involves casting a thick metal framework, which can result in porous castings and discomfort for the patient. This invention presents a novel approach to pontic construction that uses a lighter and denser core made from ceramic material, reducing the amount of metal needed. The process involves creating a pattern composite of wax and the core, investing the pattern in a mold, casting the metal, and applying a covering layer of porcelain. The resulting pontic is stronger, lighter, and more comfortable for the patient. This technique can also be applied to other industries that use wax elimination techniques."
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CROSS REFERENCE
This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 07/129,834 filed Dec. 8, 1987.
INFORMATION DISCLOSURE STATEMENT
There has been considerable use of balloon angioplasty due to stenosis in arteries having atherosclerotic plaque and the like in an effort to enlarge the lumen and to provide adequate blood flow. While such angioplasty has been successful, it has been found that in many cases re-stenosis requires that the procedure be repeated.
More recently, there have been efforts at following the balloon angioplasty with placement of a stent, the stent being in the nature of a sleeve that will mechanically maintain some minimum lumen diameter.
It will be obvious that, in order to place a stent utilizing the balloon angioplasty technology, the stent must necessarily have a sufficiently small external diameter to be moved into the desired area by some means such as a catheter, then to be expanded, both to be held in place by the arterial elasticity and to provide the minimum lumen diameter. Prior stents have generally taken the form of wire mesh that is collapsed for placement into the artery, then expanded, either by means of a balloon or by its own elasticity. The stent is generally held in place simply by the arterial elasticity in the first instance, and it has been found that epithelialization takes place throughout the stent so that the entire stent becomes effectively embedded in the vessel wall.
The prior art stents, being woven stainless steel wire or the like tend not to be very flexible longitudinally so that their primary use is in straight portions of vessels. Also, inflation of the balloon is required to expand the wire to its desired size in some cases, while other wire mesh stents tend to take a particular size, and must be held by a sleeve or the like during placement.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to prostheses, and is more particularly concerned with a prosthesis in the form of a stent to be placed in a vessel for mechanically maintaining an opening.
This invention provides a stent for maintaining a minimum opening through an artery or the like, the stent being in the form of a sleeve having a discontinuity so the sleeve has a collapsed position to be assumed during placement of the stent, and an expanded position for use in its final location for maintaining the desired opening. In one embodiment of the invention, the stent may be carried by one catheter while a second coaxial catheter in the nature of a conventional balloon catheter is carried therein. This arrangement allows use of the balloon catheter to provide a mechanical opening in the vessel, then to allow the stent to be slipped into place over the balloon. The balloon can then be used to manipulate the stent for any necessary opening of the stent and disengagement of the stent from the coaxial catheter. It is also contemplated that the stent of the present invention can be carried by a single, generally conventional balloon catheter.
The stent of the present invention may selectively be biased towards a closed position and lockable in an open position, or biased in an open position and lockable in a closed position. In the former case, the stent will be put into place in its collapsed condition, then forcibly expanded by a balloon or the like to the desired locked condition. In the latter case, the stent may be held by a pin or the like in its collapsed condition, and the pin removed to allow the stent to assume its open position.
The stent of the present invention may be made from any numerous materials, including metal or the like, and also including various plastic materials. The plastic materials may be simply homogeneous molded plastics, or may comprise a plastic covering over a knit or woven mesh. The knit or woven mesh may, in turn, be metal or plastic. The precise material can be selected to achieve the desired features of the stent.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
These and other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from consideration of the following specification when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing one form of stent made in accordance with the present invention and carried by a coaxial catheter;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken substantially along the line 2--2 in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a slightly modified form of stent shown in its open and locked position;
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary view showing the stent of FIG. 3 after expansion beyond its maximum, open position;
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary perspective view, partially in cross-section, showing one form of material for use in constructing the stents of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an elevational view showing another modified form of stent made in accordance with the present invention, the stent being carried on a catheter;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken substantially along the line 7--7 in FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a fragmentary view showing the stent of FIG. 7 after expansion;
FIG. 9 is a top plan view of another modified form of stent made in accordance with the present invention, the stent being shown without the carrying catheter;
FIG. 10 is a bottom plan view of the device shown in FIG. 9;
FIG. 11 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken substantially along the line 11--11 in FIG. 9; and,
FIG. 12 is a view similar to FIG. 11 but showing the stent in its expanded condition.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
Referring now more particularly to the drawings, and those embodiments of the invention here presented by way of illustration, FIG. 1 shows a stent generally indicated at 15, the stent 15 being carried by a catheter 16. The catheter 16 is one of two coaxial catheters, the other catheter 18 being a generally conventional balloon catheter having the balloon 19 at its distal end.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, in conventional, balloon angioplasty, a catheter such as the catheter 18 is threaded through the arterial system to place the balloon at the location of the stenosis. The balloon 19 is then inflated to urge the arterial wall outwardly and open the lumen in the artery. This same technique will be utilized with the arrangement shown in FIG. 1 of the drawings, the balloon 19 acting to perform the angioplasty; however, after the vessel is sufficiently open by means of the balloon 19, the coaxial catheter 16 will be manipulated to urge the stent 15 in place over the balloon 19. After the stent 15 is over the balloon 19, the balloon 19 will be inflated to urge the stent outwardly to its opened condition.
Referring to FIG. 2 of the drawings, it will be seen that the stent 15 includes a wall 20, the wall 20 having sufficient memory that the stent as a whole tends to maintain its collapsed condition. One end of the wall 20 is provided with a hook 21 for engagement with one of a plurality of complementary hook means 22. The hook 21 will necessarily be biased outwardly sufficiently that, as the hook 21 is urged past the plurality of hook means 22, the hook 21 will engage each of the hooks 22. Because of this arrangement, when the balloon 19 is not further inflated, the hook 21 will remain engaged with one of the hooks 22 to prevent collapse of the stent 15.
It will also be noticed that the stent 15 contains a plurality of generally circumferential ribs 24. It is contemplated that the ribs 24 will engage the arterial walls sufficiently to prevent inadvertent movement of the stent after placement and removal of the catheter 16. As will be discussed hereinafter, the stent 15 may also contain a plurality of openings to allow tissue to grow therethrough and further hold the stent 15 in place.
Looking now at FIGS. 3 and 4 of the drawings, it will be seen that the stent 25 is a slightly modified form of the stent 15. The stent 25 includes the wall 26 which will be biased towards collapse as is the wall 20 of the stent 15. Once the stent 25 is urged to its expanded condition, the interlocking hook means 28 will become engaged as shown in FIG. 3 to prevent collapse of the stent 25 and maintain the stent in its maximum, open condition.
It will be understood that there may be times when the stent is improperly placed, or for other reasons must be removed. With the stent 25, the ends 29 and 30 of the wall 26 are so biased that, when the stent 25 is expanded so far that the ends 29 and 30 are released from engagement, the end 29 will move inwardly and the end 30 will move outwardly. On subsequent release of the stent 25, the walls 29 and 30 have exchanged places so that the hook means 28 cannot now engage. As a result, the stent 25 will collapse to its minimum external diameter.
Though many different materials may be utilized in forming the stents of the present invention, one form of material is illustrated in FIG. 5 of the drawings. In FIG. 5 there is a woven network indicated at 31. This woven network may be metal such as stainless steel or the like, or may be a knit or woven plastic material such as polyester filaments. If the network 31 is made of metal, the intersections can be sonically welded or otherwise heat sealed to one another.
Following provision of the network 31, the network 31 is covered by a plastic material indicated at 32. The material 32 can again be any of numerous materials, so long as the material is implantable. Nevertheless, numerous plastic materials including polyethylene, polyester, polytetraflouroethylene and others can be utilized.
As illustrated in FIG. 5, the network 32 is simply coated with the material 32 so that openings 34 are distributed throughout the material. While the openings 34 are not necessarily so uniformly distributed, it will be understood that the use of a plurality of openings 34 promotes epithelialization to promote incorporation of the stent into the vessel wall.
Turning now to FIG. 6 of the drawings, there is a stent indicated at 35 carried at the end of a catheter 36. The catheter 36 includes a balloon 38 as is known in the art.
While the above described stents have been biased inwardly and have been forced outwardly, the stent 35 is biased outwardly and is forced inwardly and retained by means of a pin 39. For a full understanding of the stent 35, attention is directed to FIGS. 6, 7 and 8 of the drawings which show both plan view and cross-sectional views of the stent 35.
The stent 35 is here shown as having a generally smooth wall 40 having a plurality of openings 43 in accordance with the foregoing discussion. The wall 40 is biased outwardly towards it maximum diameter; however, for placement by means of the catheter 36, the stent 35 is urged inwardly to its minimum diameter, and the stent is provided with a first pair of lugs 41 carried on the end 42 of the wall 40, and second pair of lugs 44 carried generally towards the opposite end 45 of the wall 40. When the wall 40 is urged inwardly to collapse the stent 35, appropriate openings in the lugs 41 and 44 are aligned, and the pin 39 is placed therethrough to hold the stent 35 in its collapsed position.
As is shown in FIG. 6 of the drawings, it is contemplated that the pin 39 will be in the form of a wire that extends along the catheter 36, contained within a channel 46. With this arrangement, the pin 39 will extend to the lug 44 at the distal end of the stent 35, and it will be understood that the distal end lug 44 may have a hole that does not extend completely through the lug in order to cover the end of the pin 39. The pin 39 then extends the full length of the stent 35 and into the channel 46. While not here illustrated, it will be understood that the pin 39 extends completely along the length of the catheter 36 so the pin 39 can be manipulated externally of the body so that, at the appropriate moment, the pin 39 can be removed from the lugs 41 and 44 and allow the stent 35 to expand.
As here shown, when the stent 35 expands, the ends 42 and 45 will remain overlapped to some extent. If desired, interlocking grooves 48 and 49 can be provided so the stent 35 has a relatively fixed expanded diameter.
Attention is next directed to FIGS. 9-12 of the drawings which show another modified form of stent. The stent 50 is similar to the stent 35 in that it is biased outwardly and is forcibly held inward by a pin; however, the stent 50 is considerably different from the stent 35 in that the stent 50 is of a somewhat segmented construction to allow longitudinal flexibility.
In the top plan view shown in FIG. 9 of the drawings, it will be seen that the stent 50 includes a plurality of segments 51, each segment 51 having a lug 52 thereon for receipt of a pin 54. The segments 51 are interspersed with segments 56 on the opposite side of the pin 54, the segments 56 having lugs 58 thereon. As is better shown in FIG. 10 of the drawings, there is a generally continuous spine 59 extending along the bottom of the stent 50 and interconnecting all of the segments 51 and 56. Because of this construction, it will be seen that the stent 50 will be readily bendable along its longitudinal axis, the bending being resisted only by the relatively narrow spine 59. Furthermore, it will be understood that the individual segments 51 and 56 can be made much shorter to provide for tighter radii, or relatively long in the event the stent is not intended to be very flexible.
Though the stent 50 in FIGS. 9-12 of the drawings is not shown in conjunction with a catheter, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the stent will be put into place using an arrangement such as that shown in FIG. 6 of the drawings. The catheter 36 and wire channel 46 would be the same, the specific stent being the only difference.
FIG. 11 of the drawings shows the cross-sectional shape of the stent 50 while the stent is held in its closed, or collapsed, condition by the pin 54. When the pin 54 is removed, the stent 50 will expand to the condition shown in FIG. 12 of the drawings. It will of course be recognized that a balloon, such as the balloon 38, may be utilized to assist in urging the walls of the stent outwardly to the desired position.
The material from which the stent 50 is made may be any of the numerous materials previously mentioned, including the material shown in FIG. 5 of the drawings. Because the stent 50 is made up of a plurality of individual segments 51 and 56, there is no particular need for additional openings in the wall of the stent, the spaces between the segments providing adequate openings for initial fluid drainage and subsequent epithelialization.
Simply by way of example, FIGS. 10 and 12 illustrate the inclusion of a filament 60 in the wall of the stent. The purpose of the filament 60 is to show that the stent 50 can be made of a plastic material having sufficient memory to be urged to the open condition as shown in FIG. 12; or, the stent 50 can be made of a relatively flaccid fabric or the like having spring filaments 60 embedded therein for urging the stent 50 to its open position. Also, the stent 50 can be made entirely of metal, including well known alloys of platinum and gold, or chromium and cobalt.
From the foregoing discussion it will be understood that the present invention provides an arterial stent and a method for placing the stent for preventing re-stenosis following angioplasty or other mechanical opening of the lumen in an artery. While several specific designs and materials have been disclosed, those skilled in the art will recognize that the materials must be implantable, and all portions of the stent must be sufficiently smooth to prevent trauma during placement. Further, all corners and the like should be well rounded to promote epithelialization without subsequent trauma due to the presence of sharp edges during natural body motions.
It will of course be understood by those skilled in the art that the particular embodiments of the invention here presented are by way of illustration only, and are meant to be in no way restrictive; therefore, numerous changes and modifications may be made, and the full use of equivalents resorted to, without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as outlined in the appended claims. | A prosthesis for use in preventing re-stenosis after angioplasty is formed of plastic or sheet metal, and is expandable and contractible for placement. The prosthesis can be inserted while in a collapsed position, then expanded and locked at the larger diameter. Spring force can be provided by the material itself, or metal springs can be embedded within the walls of the prosthesis. Preferably, the walls have holes therethrough to promote tissue growth; and, in one embodiment, the holes are in the form of slots so that the prosthesis is segmented and can bend longitudinally. | This abstract summarizes a scientific paper that discusses the design and use of stents for maintaining an opening in arteries following balloon angioplasty. The paper describes different types of stents, including a sleeve-like stent that can be placed over a balloon catheter and expanded to maintain the desired opening. The stents are made from various materials, including metal and plastic, and have features such as interlocking hooks or pins to hold them in either a collapsed or expanded position. The paper also discusses the use of a woven network covered with a plastic material to promote tissue growth and incorporation of the stent into the vessel wall. The paper concludes by highlighting the flexibility and versatility of the stents and the potential for further modifications and improvements. | {
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"query": "Summarize the context",
"context": "CROSS REFERENCE \n This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 07/129,834 filed Dec. 8, 1987. \n \n \n INFORMATION DISCLOSURE STATEMENT \n There has been considerable use of balloon angioplasty due to stenosis in arteries having atherosclerotic plaque and the like in an effort to enlarge the lumen and to provide adequate blood flow. While such angioplasty has been successful, it has been found that in many cases re-stenosis requires that the procedure be repeated. \n More recently, there have been efforts at following the balloon angioplasty with placement of a stent, the stent being in the nature of a sleeve that will mechanically maintain some minimum lumen diameter. \n It will be obvious that, in order to place a stent utilizing the balloon angioplasty technology, the stent must necessarily have a sufficiently small external diameter to be moved into the desired area by some means such as a catheter, then to be expanded, both to be held in place by the arterial elasticity and to provide the minimum lumen diameter. Prior stents have generally taken the form of wire mesh that is collapsed for placement into the artery, then expanded, either by means of a balloon or by its own elasticity. The stent is generally held in place simply by the arterial elasticity in the first instance, and it has been found that epithelialization takes place throughout the stent so that the entire stent becomes effectively embedded in the vessel wall. \n The prior art stents, being woven stainless steel wire or the like tend not to be very flexible longitudinally so that their primary use is in straight portions of vessels. Also, inflation of the balloon is required to expand the wire to its desired size in some cases, while other wire mesh stents tend to take a particular size, and must be held by a sleeve or the like during placement. \n SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION \n This invention relates generally to prostheses, and is more particularly concerned with a prosthesis in the form of a stent to be placed in a vessel for mechanically maintaining an opening. \n This invention provides a stent for maintaining a minimum opening through an artery or the like, the stent being in the form of a sleeve having a discontinuity so the sleeve has a collapsed position to be assumed during placement of the stent, and an expanded position for use in its final location for maintaining the desired opening. In one embodiment of the invention, the stent may be carried by one catheter while a second coaxial catheter in the nature of a conventional balloon catheter is carried therein. This arrangement allows use of the balloon catheter to provide a mechanical opening in the vessel, then to allow the stent to be slipped into place over the balloon. The balloon can then be used to manipulate the stent for any necessary opening of the stent and disengagement of the stent from the coaxial catheter. It is also contemplated that the stent of the present invention can be carried by a single, generally conventional balloon catheter. \n The stent of the present invention may selectively be biased towards a closed position and lockable in an open position, or biased in an open position and lockable in a closed position. In the former case, the stent will be put into place in its collapsed condition, then forcibly expanded by a balloon or the like to the desired locked condition. In the latter case, the stent may be held by a pin or the like in its collapsed condition, and the pin removed to allow the stent to assume its open position. \n The stent of the present invention may be made from any numerous materials, including metal or the like, and also including various plastic materials. The plastic materials may be simply homogeneous molded plastics, or may comprise a plastic covering over a knit or woven mesh. The knit or woven mesh may, in turn, be metal or plastic. The precise material can be selected to achieve the desired features of the stent. \n \n \n BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS \n These and other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from consideration of the following specification when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which: \n FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing one form of stent made in accordance with the present invention and carried by a coaxial catheter; \n FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken substantially along the line 2--2 in FIG. 1; \n FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a slightly modified form of stent shown in its open and locked position; \n FIG. 4 is a fragmentary view showing the stent of FIG. 3 after expansion beyond its maximum, open position; \n FIG. 5 is a fragmentary perspective view, partially in cross-section, showing one form of material for use in constructing the stents of the present invention; \n FIG. 6 is an elevational view showing another modified form of stent made in accordance with the present invention, the stent being carried on a catheter; \n FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken substantially along the line 7--7 in FIG. 6; \n FIG. 8 is a fragmentary view showing the stent of FIG. 7 after expansion; \n FIG. 9 is a top plan view of another modified form of stent made in accordance with the present invention, the stent being shown without the carrying catheter; \n FIG. 10 is a bottom plan view of the device shown in FIG. 9; \n FIG. 11 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken substantially along the line 11--11 in FIG. 9; and, \n FIG. 12 is a view similar to FIG. 11 but showing the stent in its expanded condition. \n \n \n DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS \n Referring now more particularly to the drawings, and those embodiments of the invention here presented by way of illustration, FIG. 1 shows a stent generally indicated at 15, the stent 15 being carried by a catheter 16. The catheter 16 is one of two coaxial catheters, the other catheter 18 being a generally conventional balloon catheter having the balloon 19 at its distal end. \n It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, in conventional, balloon angioplasty, a catheter such as the catheter 18 is threaded through the arterial system to place the balloon at the location of the stenosis. The balloon 19 is then inflated to urge the arterial wall outwardly and open the lumen in the artery. This same technique will be utilized with the arrangement shown in FIG. 1 of the drawings, the balloon 19 acting to perform the angioplasty; however, after the vessel is sufficiently open by means of the balloon 19, the coaxial catheter 16 will be manipulated to urge the stent 15 in place over the balloon 19. After the stent 15 is over the balloon 19, the balloon 19 will be inflated to urge the stent outwardly to its opened condition. \n Referring to FIG. 2 of the drawings, it will be seen that the stent 15 includes a wall 20, the wall 20 having sufficient memory that the stent as a whole tends to maintain its collapsed condition. One end of the wall 20 is provided with a hook 21 for engagement with one of a plurality of complementary hook means 22. The hook 21 will necessarily be biased outwardly sufficiently that, as the hook 21 is urged past the plurality of hook means 22, the hook 21 will engage each of the hooks 22. Because of this arrangement, when the balloon 19 is not further inflated, the hook 21 will remain engaged with one of the hooks 22 to prevent collapse of the stent 15. \n It will also be noticed that the stent 15 contains a plurality of generally circumferential ribs 24. It is contemplated that the ribs 24 will engage the arterial walls sufficiently to prevent inadvertent movement of the stent after placement and removal of the catheter 16. As will be discussed hereinafter, the stent 15 may also contain a plurality of openings to allow tissue to grow therethrough and further hold the stent 15 in place. \n Looking now at FIGS. 3 and 4 of the drawings, it will be seen that the stent 25 is a slightly modified form of the stent 15. The stent 25 includes the wall 26 which will be biased towards collapse as is the wall 20 of the stent 15. Once the stent 25 is urged to its expanded condition, the interlocking hook means 28 will become engaged as shown in FIG. 3 to prevent collapse of the stent 25 and maintain the stent in its maximum, open condition. \n It will be understood that there may be times when the stent is improperly placed, or for other reasons must be removed. With the stent 25, the ends 29 and 30 of the wall 26 are so biased that, when the stent 25 is expanded so far that the ends 29 and 30 are released from engagement, the end 29 will move inwardly and the end 30 will move outwardly. On subsequent release of the stent 25, the walls 29 and 30 have exchanged places so that the hook means 28 cannot now engage. As a result, the stent 25 will collapse to its minimum external diameter. \n Though many different materials may be utilized in forming the stents of the present invention, one form of material is illustrated in FIG. 5 of the drawings. In FIG. 5 there is a woven network indicated at 31. This woven network may be metal such as stainless steel or the like, or may be a knit or woven plastic material such as polyester filaments. If the network 31 is made of metal, the intersections can be sonically welded or otherwise heat sealed to one another. \n Following provision of the network 31, the network 31 is covered by a plastic material indicated at 32. The material 32 can again be any of numerous materials, so long as the material is implantable. Nevertheless, numerous plastic materials including polyethylene, polyester, polytetraflouroethylene and others can be utilized. \n As illustrated in FIG. 5, the network 32 is simply coated with the material 32 so that openings 34 are distributed throughout the material. While the openings 34 are not necessarily so uniformly distributed, it will be understood that the use of a plurality of openings 34 promotes epithelialization to promote incorporation of the stent into the vessel wall. \n Turning now to FIG. 6 of the drawings, there is a stent indicated at 35 carried at the end of a catheter 36. The catheter 36 includes a balloon 38 as is known in the art. \n While the above described stents have been biased inwardly and have been forced outwardly, the stent 35 is biased outwardly and is forced inwardly and retained by means of a pin 39. For a full understanding of the stent 35, attention is directed to FIGS. 6, 7 and 8 of the drawings which show both plan view and cross-sectional views of the stent 35. \n The stent 35 is here shown as having a generally smooth wall 40 having a plurality of openings 43 in accordance with the foregoing discussion. The wall 40 is biased outwardly towards it maximum diameter; however, for placement by means of the catheter 36, the stent 35 is urged inwardly to its minimum diameter, and the stent is provided with a first pair of lugs 41 carried on the end 42 of the wall 40, and second pair of lugs 44 carried generally towards the opposite end 45 of the wall 40. When the wall 40 is urged inwardly to collapse the stent 35, appropriate openings in the lugs 41 and 44 are aligned, and the pin 39 is placed therethrough to hold the stent 35 in its collapsed position. \n As is shown in FIG. 6 of the drawings, it is contemplated that the pin 39 will be in the form of a wire that extends along the catheter 36, contained within a channel 46. With this arrangement, the pin 39 will extend to the lug 44 at the distal end of the stent 35, and it will be understood that the distal end lug 44 may have a hole that does not extend completely through the lug in order to cover the end of the pin 39. The pin 39 then extends the full length of the stent 35 and into the channel 46. While not here illustrated, it will be understood that the pin 39 extends completely along the length of the catheter 36 so the pin 39 can be manipulated externally of the body so that, at the appropriate moment, the pin 39 can be removed from the lugs 41 and 44 and allow the stent 35 to expand. \n As here shown, when the stent 35 expands, the ends 42 and 45 will remain overlapped to some extent. If desired, interlocking grooves 48 and 49 can be provided so the stent 35 has a relatively fixed expanded diameter. \n Attention is next directed to FIGS. 9-12 of the drawings which show another modified form of stent. The stent 50 is similar to the stent 35 in that it is biased outwardly and is forcibly held inward by a pin; however, the stent 50 is considerably different from the stent 35 in that the stent 50 is of a somewhat segmented construction to allow longitudinal flexibility. \n In the top plan view shown in FIG. 9 of the drawings, it will be seen that the stent 50 includes a plurality of segments 51, each segment 51 having a lug 52 thereon for receipt of a pin 54. The segments 51 are interspersed with segments 56 on the opposite side of the pin 54, the segments 56 having lugs 58 thereon. As is better shown in FIG. 10 of the drawings, there is a generally continuous spine 59 extending along the bottom of the stent 50 and interconnecting all of the segments 51 and 56. Because of this construction, it will be seen that the stent 50 will be readily bendable along its longitudinal axis, the bending being resisted only by the relatively narrow spine 59. Furthermore, it will be understood that the individual segments 51 and 56 can be made much shorter to provide for tighter radii, or relatively long in the event the stent is not intended to be very flexible. \n Though the stent 50 in FIGS. 9-12 of the drawings is not shown in conjunction with a catheter, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the stent will be put into place using an arrangement such as that shown in FIG. 6 of the drawings. The catheter 36 and wire channel 46 would be the same, the specific stent being the only difference. \n FIG. 11 of the drawings shows the cross-sectional shape of the stent 50 while the stent is held in its closed, or collapsed, condition by the pin 54. When the pin 54 is removed, the stent 50 will expand to the condition shown in FIG. 12 of the drawings. It will of course be recognized that a balloon, such as the balloon 38, may be utilized to assist in urging the walls of the stent outwardly to the desired position. \n The material from which the stent 50 is made may be any of the numerous materials previously mentioned, including the material shown in FIG. 5 of the drawings. Because the stent 50 is made up of a plurality of individual segments 51 and 56, there is no particular need for additional openings in the wall of the stent, the spaces between the segments providing adequate openings for initial fluid drainage and subsequent epithelialization. \n Simply by way of example, FIGS. 10 and 12 illustrate the inclusion of a filament 60 in the wall of the stent. The purpose of the filament 60 is to show that the stent 50 can be made of a plastic material having sufficient memory to be urged to the open condition as shown in FIG. 12; or, the stent 50 can be made of a relatively flaccid fabric or the like having spring filaments 60 embedded therein for urging the stent 50 to its open position. Also, the stent 50 can be made entirely of metal, including well known alloys of platinum and gold, or chromium and cobalt. \n From the foregoing discussion it will be understood that the present invention provides an arterial stent and a method for placing the stent for preventing re-stenosis following angioplasty or other mechanical opening of the lumen in an artery. While several specific designs and materials have been disclosed, those skilled in the art will recognize that the materials must be implantable, and all portions of the stent must be sufficiently smooth to prevent trauma during placement. Further, all corners and the like should be well rounded to promote epithelialization without subsequent trauma due to the presence of sharp edges during natural body motions. \n It will of course be understood by those skilled in the art that the particular embodiments of the invention here presented are by way of illustration only, and are meant to be in no way restrictive; therefore, numerous changes and modifications may be made, and the full use of equivalents resorted to, without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as outlined in the appended claims.",
"response": "This abstract summarizes a scientific paper that discusses the design and use of stents for maintaining an opening in arteries following balloon angioplasty. The paper describes different types of stents, including a sleeve-like stent that can be placed over a balloon catheter and expanded to maintain the desired opening. The stents are made from various materials, including metal and plastic, and have features such as interlocking hooks or pins to hold them in either a collapsed or expanded position. The paper also discusses the use of a woven network covered with a plastic material to promote tissue growth and incorporation of the stent into the vessel wall. The paper concludes by highlighting the flexibility and versatility of the stents and the potential for further modifications and improvements."
},
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"reason": "The response cannot be inferred from the provided context. The context is a detailed description of a patent application for a specific type of stent and its various embodiments, materials, and methods of use. The response, however, is a summary that generalizes the content without specific details from the context. It does not mention the specific types of stents, the interlocking hooks or pins, the woven network covered with plastic material, or the potential for modifications and improvements as detailed in the context. The response also incorrectly refers to the context as a 'scientific paper,' whereas the context is actually a patent application.",
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} | true | The response cannot be inferred from the provided context. The context is a detailed description of a patent application for a specific type of stent and its various embodiments, materials, and methods of use. The response, however, is a summary that generalizes the content without specific details from the context. It does not mention the specific types of stents, the interlocking hooks or pins, the woven network covered with plastic material, or the potential for modifications and improvements as detailed in the context. The response also incorrectly refers to the context as a 'scientific paper,' whereas the context is actually a patent application. | 1 | {
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FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to dental instruments for imaging the three-dimensional topography of teeth in a patient's oral cavity by means of a probe which projects a beam of light toward the surfaces of the teeth and receives reflections therefrom which are processed to derive the required data.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
It is a standard procedure in dental practice, when necessary to replace defective teeth in the oral cavity of a patient, to first make a cast impression of these teeth. A technician can from these impressions determine the three-dimensional parameters of a denture to replace the teeth.
It is known in order to avoid the need to make cast impressions to directly measure the teeth optically to obtain data for the computer-assisted design (CAD) or computer-assisted manufacture (CAM) of the replacement. In a typical instrument for this purpose, there is provided an optical probe projecting a light beam towards the surfaces of the teeth to be imaged.
The concern of the present invention is with those imaging instruments for direct optical measurement of a set of teeth which includes a probe to be inserted in the oral cavity to project a light beam toward the surfaces of the teeth and to receive light reflected therefrom which is then processed to obtain the digital data for determining the three-dimensional topology of the teeth.
One such instrument for obtaining the three-dimensional parameters of teeth in order to replace the teeth being imaged is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,575,805. In the patent, the probe takes the form of a scan head which projects a scanning light beam toward the teeth surfaces.
Also disclosing an imaging instrument for the three-dimensional survey of teeth to obtain digital constructional data for the computer-controlled manufacture of a tooth replacement is U.S. Pat. No. 5,381,236. Another such instrument is an intra oral scanner disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,359,680.
Of particular prior art interest is the imaging instrument disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,697,164 filed as Application Ser. No. 09/775,298 on Feb. 1, 2001 (referred to hereinafter as “U.S. Pat. No. 6,697,164”) entitled “Imaging A Three-Dimensional Structure by Confocal Focusing an Array of Light Beams”. This instrument is provided with a probe in the form of an endoscope which projects light beams toward the surfaces of the teeth to be imaged and receives light reflected therefrom which is processed to obtain the required digital data.
The problem of viewability encountered when using a dental imaging instrument whose probe projects a light beam to illuminate the surfaces of the teeth to be imaged is comparable to that experienced by eyes viewing these surfaces. If the eyes are heavily coated with a tear film, the resultant image will be blurred.
In the case of surfaces of teeth in an oral cavity containing mucous, saliva, and, in some instances, blood resulting from a dental procedure, the surfaces of the teeth are usually then coated with a liquid film composed of these constituents. This liquid film which impairs the ability of an imaging instrument to clearly view the teeth surfaces, cannot easily be dislodged, for tile film is ionically attracted to the teeth surfaces and has a surface tension to protect the integrity of the film and resists its evaporation.
Under ideal circumstances, the surfaces of the teeth to be imaged should be free of liquid and perfectly clean and dry to obtain an optimal degree of reflectivity and image clarity. But this can only happen when the surface reflectivity exhibits a Lambert unit of luminescence. A Lambert unit is defined as the brightness of a perfect diffusing surface that radiates or reflects one lumen per square centimeter
A saliva-mucous liquid film coating the teeth surfaces to be illuminated does not act as a perfect diffusing surface and therefore does not exhibit optimal reflectivity. And because this film adheres ionically to the tooth surfaces, it cannot just be washed away.
In common use by dentists is an air suction pipe (negative pressure) to suck out from the oral cavity saliva and mucous which interfere with the dental procedure then in progress. Also in common use is a pressured air pipe (positive pressure) which serves to blow away debris from the region in the oral cavity is working. These pipes must be manipulated by the dentist or his assistant so that the air stream (negative or positive) can be directed to the region of interest.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In the present invention, an auxiliary producing a positive or negative (suction) air stream is combined with a probe of an imaging instrument which is manipulated in the oral cavity to direct a light beam toward teeth surfaces to be illuminated, the auxiliary then also projecting the air stream in the same direction.
An auxiliary in accordance with the invention is combinable with the light-beam projecting probe of any existing dental imaging instrument adapted to survey the three-dimensional topography of teeth in the oral cavity.
It is thus the main object of this invention to provide a dental image acquisition and method for acquiring an image of the three-dimensional topography of a teeth segment in the oral cavity of a subject by means of a probe projecting a beam of light toward these surfaces, the probe being combined with an auxiliary which causes a stream of gas, typically air, to flow over the surfaces to be illuminated to dry these liquid-film coated surfaces to enhance their reflectivity to give rise to a clearer image of the teeth.
While the invention will be described, by way of example, in conjunction with a dental imagining instrument of the type disclosed in the above-identified U.S. Pat. No. 6,697,164, it is to be understood that it is applicable to any existing form of imaging instrument having a probe which projects a light beam to illuminate the surfaces of the teeth to be imaged.
Among the significant features of the invention, by which a dental imaging instrument is combined with an air stream auxiliary are the following:
A. The auxiliary can project the air stream towards the liquid film coating the surfaces of the teeth to be imaged at a velocity that disrupts the ionic bond between the liquid film and the teeth surfaces. B. The auxiliary air stream may be made to be in a pulsatory wave form to produce periodic bursts of air which effectively hammer away at the liquid film to dislodge it from the dental surfaces. C. The air stream may be heated to a temperature level which promotes rapid evaporation of the liquid film coating the teeth surface, which level can be tolerated by the patient. D. The heated air stream may act to fully dry the teeth surfaces to enhance their reflectivity and in doing so produce clearer images of the teeth. E. The auxiliary from which the air stream is projected may be integrated with the probe from which a light beam is projected to illuminate the surfaces of the teeth to be imaged whereby the air stream is focused on the surfaces to provide rapid drying thereof.
The invention thus provides, by one of its aspects, a dental instrument for imaging the three-dimensional surface topography of a teeth segment consisting of one or more adjacent teeth in the oral cavity of an individual, e.g. in order to acquire digital data regarding the parameters of a replacement or prosthesis for a missing or broken tooth. The instrument includes a probe insertable into the oral cavity to capture an image of the teeth segment. The probe typically also projects a light beam toward the surfaces of the teeth to be imaged. Alternatively, the illumination may also be an independent light source. The captured image is then conveyed to a processor to obtain the required data. Combined with the probe is an auxiliary which by one embodiment projects an air stream toward the surfaces to be imaged by the probe. The air stream acts to evaporate and remove from these surfaces a liquid film coating formed by saliva and other fluids present in the oral cavity. The surfaces thereby become dry and this enhances their reflectivity, to yield clearer images. By another embodiment, the auxiliary includes a suction arrangement that induces an air stream in an opposite direction that may yield a result comparable to that achieved with the embodiment discussed above. In this matter the film coating is sucked away from the teeth.
By another aspect there is provided a method for imaging the three-dimensional surface topography of a teeth segment. It comprises bringing a probe into proximity of the teeth to be imaged and acquiring the image. The method is characterized in that while acquiring the teeth image causing a stream of gas to flow over the surface of the teeth to be imaged.
In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, said auxiliary induces two air streams, one flowing over the surface of the teeth segment to be imaged, while the other flows over the external optical sensing surface, namely, the external surface of the optical system that acquires the image. In some imaging techniques, e.g. one that makes use of the optical sensing surface such as that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,697,164 the probe needs to be inserted into the oral cavity and brought into proximity with the teeth to be imaged. In this case, the optical sensing surface may also become coated with a liquid film formed from aerosol particles that exist in the oral cavity or liquid vapor that condenses on the sensing surface.
An optical probe making use of confocal optics is a preferred embodiment in accordance with the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
For a better understanding of the invention as well as other objects and features thereof, reference is made to the annexed drawings in which:
FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of an instrument with an auxiliary assembly in accordance with the invention.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a dental imaging instrument incorporating an auxiliary assembly in accordance with the invention.
FIGS. 3 and 4 are close-up perspective views, from two different angles, of the front probing portion of the instrument of FIG. 2 .
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As explained above, a dental imaging insolvent of the type disclosed in PCT Publication No. WO 00/08415 or others in which a probe directs a beam of light toward the surfaces of the teeth to be imaged and picks up light reflected from these surfaces, is unable to obtain clear images because the liquid film which coats these surfaces degrade their reflectivity.
A liquid film composed mainly of saliva and mucous present in the oral cavity as well as blood, is ionically adhered to the teeth surfaces and cannot therefore be easily dislodged. The present invention combines the imaging probe with an auxiliary which directs an air stream toward the surface to evaporate the film thereon even though the evaporative process is resisted by the surface tension of the film.
The rate at which liquid is evaporated by a stream of air flowing over its surface depends on the temperature of the air and its velocity. Hence, even when the temperature is fairly high, should the air stream then pass slowly over the liquid surface, the surface tension which acts as a skin covering the liquid will not be disrupted.
The external optical surfaces of the optical sensing probe have to be kept clean of any particles, film, etc., so as to retain good optical qualities required in order to be able to acquire a high quality image. The problem, however, is that the probe needs to be inserted into the oral cavity and consequently such optical surfaces may become coated. particularly by a liquid film, as a result of aerosol particles that exist in the oral cavity or liquid vapor that condenses on such surfaces. Thus, in accordance with one embodiment, the auxiliary provides also a gas stream that flows over such optical surfaces so as to clean such surfaces from any liquid film or droplets that may form thereon.
Reference is first being made to FIG. 1 , showing, in a schematic manner, an optical imaging instrument generally designated 10 that includes an optical probe 12 that can be inserted into the oral cavity and brought into proximity to teeth T and imaging optics and electronics assembly represented by block 14 . Block 14 is coupled, through line 16 to an image analysis and data storage computer system (not shown).
The probe and the optical/electronic system may be that disclosed in PCT publication WO 00/008415, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
Probe 12 is associated with two nozzles 20 A and 20 B, each of which is linked through corresponding lines 22 A and 22 B to a source of pressurized gas 24 . Source 24 may be a pressurized gas container or may be a compressor. The source of pressurized gas will typically be located outside the handheld probing instrument (not shown) that houses probe 12 and the optic/electronic assembly 14 .
Each of lines 20 A and 203 includes also a corresponding flow control valve 26 A and 26 B. It should be noted that rather than having independent lines, the two lines may combine through a manifold arrangement into a single line that leads to source 24 .
In some embodiments of the invention, the gas is beated and a heating source 28 associated with the source of pressurized gas 24 may be provided. In other embodiments, rather than heating the gas at source, the gas may pass through a heat exchanger for online heating before reaching nozzles 20 A and 20 B. As will be appreciated, the gas is typically air although other gasses such as nitrogen, oxygen and others.
Nozzle 20 A is designed to eject a steam of gas 30 A towards a segment of the teeth that is to be imaged. The rapid flow of gas, at times heated, over these surfaces, removes the liquid film which otherwise coats the surface of the teeth.
In one preferred embodiment of the invention, a second nozzle 203 is provided which directs the flow of gas towards the optical surface 32 of probe 12 . In this way a liquid film or droplets which would otherwise form on surface 32 are removed
It should be noted that the instrument may at times be provided with more than one nozzle, such as nozzle 20 A or nozzle 20 B.
The above description was made in reference to an embodiment where a source of pressurized gas 24 causes a positive flow of gas towards the surface of the teeth T and the surface 32 of probe 12 . In other embodiments of the invention, source 24 may be a suction pump giving rise to a negative-pressure air stream, namely from the surface towards the nozzles. A negative air stream will cause air in the oral cavity to flow over the teeth's surfaces, as well as over the optical surface 32 of probe 12 causing the removal of the liquid from such surfaces in this manner. One advantage of negative-pressure air stream is that it will also suck out the vapor evaporated from the liquid film.
Reference is now being made to FIGS. 2 , 3 and 4 , showing a handheld probing instrument in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. Instrument 50 has a handle 52 and a head 54 . Handle 52 houses the optics electronic assembly that is linked, through connector 56 , to an image processing and image storage computers (not shown). Also shown at the rear of handle 52 is a conduit 58 for connecting to a source of pressurized gas (or a vacuum source in accordance with other embodiments of the invention).
The structure of head 54 is best seen in FIGS. 3 and 4 . Head portion 54 includes an optical probe 62 designed in the manner shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B of the aforementioned PCT publication WO 00/00815. Optical probe 62 has an external probing glass surface 64 which in use is brought proximal to the teeth to be imaged. For the purpose of illustration, an image of a single tooth T in isolation being proximal and opposite probing glass surface 64 , is shown.
Situated on two sides of probe 62 are nozzles 70 A and 70 B situated at the end of respective straight and rigid tubes 72 A and 72 B which are linked, through tubings within the handle/housing 52 , to gas conduit 58 . As can be seen, the opening 74 A of nozzle 70 A faces the surface to be imaged while opening 74 B of nozzle 70 B faces glass surface 64 . By projecting air out of openings 74 A and 74 B of nozzles 70 A and 70 B surface 64 and surface of the tooth will be clean of liquid films or droplets.
In accordance with another embodiment rather than ejecting gas out of these nozzles in a positive ejection fashion, a suction arrangement is provided for sucking air from such surfaces with a similar resulting effect. | A dental instrument and method for imaging the three-dimensional topography of one or more teeth in the oral cavity of an individual is provided. The instrument includes a probe insertable into the oral cavity to receive the image of these surfaces which can then be processed. Combined with the probe is an auxiliary which projects an air stream toward the surface to be imaged by the probe and acts to evaporate and remove from these surfaces a liquid film coating formed by saliva and other fluids present in the oral cavity, to render these surfaces dry and enhance their reflectivity and in doing so, provide clearer images. | This invention relates to dental instruments used for imaging the three-dimensional topography of teeth in a patient's oral cavity. The instrument includes a probe that projects a beam of light towards the surfaces of the teeth and receives reflections to derive data. Current methods of imaging teeth involve making cast impressions or directly measuring the teeth optically. However, the presence of a liquid film composed of saliva, mucous, and other fluids on the teeth surfaces impairs the quality of the images obtained. This invention addresses this issue by combining the imaging probe with an auxiliary that projects an air stream towards the teeth surfaces to dry them and enhance their reflectivity. The auxiliary may also include a suction arrangement to remove the liquid film. The invention provides a dental instrument and method for acquiring clear images of the teeth surfaces by using both the probe and the auxiliary. | {
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"query": "Summarize the context",
"context": "FIELD OF THE INVENTION \n This invention relates generally to dental instruments for imaging the three-dimensional topography of teeth in a patient's oral cavity by means of a probe which projects a beam of light toward the surfaces of the teeth and receives reflections therefrom which are processed to derive the required data. \n BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION \n It is a standard procedure in dental practice, when necessary to replace defective teeth in the oral cavity of a patient, to first make a cast impression of these teeth. A technician can from these impressions determine the three-dimensional parameters of a denture to replace the teeth. \n It is known in order to avoid the need to make cast impressions to directly measure the teeth optically to obtain data for the computer-assisted design (CAD) or computer-assisted manufacture (CAM) of the replacement. In a typical instrument for this purpose, there is provided an optical probe projecting a light beam towards the surfaces of the teeth to be imaged. \n The concern of the present invention is with those imaging instruments for direct optical measurement of a set of teeth which includes a probe to be inserted in the oral cavity to project a light beam toward the surfaces of the teeth and to receive light reflected therefrom which is then processed to obtain the digital data for determining the three-dimensional topology of the teeth. \n One such instrument for obtaining the three-dimensional parameters of teeth in order to replace the teeth being imaged is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,575,805. In the patent, the probe takes the form of a scan head which projects a scanning light beam toward the teeth surfaces. \n Also disclosing an imaging instrument for the three-dimensional survey of teeth to obtain digital constructional data for the computer-controlled manufacture of a tooth replacement is U.S. Pat. No. 5,381,236. Another such instrument is an intra oral scanner disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,359,680. \n Of particular prior art interest is the imaging instrument disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,697,164 filed as Application Ser. No. 09/775,298 on Feb. 1, 2001 (referred to hereinafter as “U.S. Pat. No. 6,697,164”) entitled “Imaging A Three-Dimensional Structure by Confocal Focusing an Array of Light Beams”. This instrument is provided with a probe in the form of an endoscope which projects light beams toward the surfaces of the teeth to be imaged and receives light reflected therefrom which is processed to obtain the required digital data. \n The problem of viewability encountered when using a dental imaging instrument whose probe projects a light beam to illuminate the surfaces of the teeth to be imaged is comparable to that experienced by eyes viewing these surfaces. If the eyes are heavily coated with a tear film, the resultant image will be blurred. \n In the case of surfaces of teeth in an oral cavity containing mucous, saliva, and, in some instances, blood resulting from a dental procedure, the surfaces of the teeth are usually then coated with a liquid film composed of these constituents. This liquid film which impairs the ability of an imaging instrument to clearly view the teeth surfaces, cannot easily be dislodged, for tile film is ionically attracted to the teeth surfaces and has a surface tension to protect the integrity of the film and resists its evaporation. \n Under ideal circumstances, the surfaces of the teeth to be imaged should be free of liquid and perfectly clean and dry to obtain an optimal degree of reflectivity and image clarity. But this can only happen when the surface reflectivity exhibits a Lambert unit of luminescence. A Lambert unit is defined as the brightness of a perfect diffusing surface that radiates or reflects one lumen per square centimeter \n A saliva-mucous liquid film coating the teeth surfaces to be illuminated does not act as a perfect diffusing surface and therefore does not exhibit optimal reflectivity. And because this film adheres ionically to the tooth surfaces, it cannot just be washed away. \n In common use by dentists is an air suction pipe (negative pressure) to suck out from the oral cavity saliva and mucous which interfere with the dental procedure then in progress. Also in common use is a pressured air pipe (positive pressure) which serves to blow away debris from the region in the oral cavity is working. These pipes must be manipulated by the dentist or his assistant so that the air stream (negative or positive) can be directed to the region of interest. \n SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION \n In the present invention, an auxiliary producing a positive or negative (suction) air stream is combined with a probe of an imaging instrument which is manipulated in the oral cavity to direct a light beam toward teeth surfaces to be illuminated, the auxiliary then also projecting the air stream in the same direction. \n An auxiliary in accordance with the invention is combinable with the light-beam projecting probe of any existing dental imaging instrument adapted to survey the three-dimensional topography of teeth in the oral cavity. \n It is thus the main object of this invention to provide a dental image acquisition and method for acquiring an image of the three-dimensional topography of a teeth segment in the oral cavity of a subject by means of a probe projecting a beam of light toward these surfaces, the probe being combined with an auxiliary which causes a stream of gas, typically air, to flow over the surfaces to be illuminated to dry these liquid-film coated surfaces to enhance their reflectivity to give rise to a clearer image of the teeth. \n While the invention will be described, by way of example, in conjunction with a dental imagining instrument of the type disclosed in the above-identified U.S. Pat. No. 6,697,164, it is to be understood that it is applicable to any existing form of imaging instrument having a probe which projects a light beam to illuminate the surfaces of the teeth to be imaged. \n Among the significant features of the invention, by which a dental imaging instrument is combined with an air stream auxiliary are the following:\n A. The auxiliary can project the air stream towards the liquid film coating the surfaces of the teeth to be imaged at a velocity that disrupts the ionic bond between the liquid film and the teeth surfaces. B. The auxiliary air stream may be made to be in a pulsatory wave form to produce periodic bursts of air which effectively hammer away at the liquid film to dislodge it from the dental surfaces. C. The air stream may be heated to a temperature level which promotes rapid evaporation of the liquid film coating the teeth surface, which level can be tolerated by the patient. D. The heated air stream may act to fully dry the teeth surfaces to enhance their reflectivity and in doing so produce clearer images of the teeth. E. The auxiliary from which the air stream is projected may be integrated with the probe from which a light beam is projected to illuminate the surfaces of the teeth to be imaged whereby the air stream is focused on the surfaces to provide rapid drying thereof. \n\n The invention thus provides, by one of its aspects, a dental instrument for imaging the three-dimensional surface topography of a teeth segment consisting of one or more adjacent teeth in the oral cavity of an individual, e.g. in order to acquire digital data regarding the parameters of a replacement or prosthesis for a missing or broken tooth. The instrument includes a probe insertable into the oral cavity to capture an image of the teeth segment. The probe typically also projects a light beam toward the surfaces of the teeth to be imaged. Alternatively, the illumination may also be an independent light source. The captured image is then conveyed to a processor to obtain the required data. Combined with the probe is an auxiliary which by one embodiment projects an air stream toward the surfaces to be imaged by the probe. The air stream acts to evaporate and remove from these surfaces a liquid film coating formed by saliva and other fluids present in the oral cavity. The surfaces thereby become dry and this enhances their reflectivity, to yield clearer images. By another embodiment, the auxiliary includes a suction arrangement that induces an air stream in an opposite direction that may yield a result comparable to that achieved with the embodiment discussed above. In this matter the film coating is sucked away from the teeth. \n By another aspect there is provided a method for imaging the three-dimensional surface topography of a teeth segment. It comprises bringing a probe into proximity of the teeth to be imaged and acquiring the image. The method is characterized in that while acquiring the teeth image causing a stream of gas to flow over the surface of the teeth to be imaged. \n In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, said auxiliary induces two air streams, one flowing over the surface of the teeth segment to be imaged, while the other flows over the external optical sensing surface, namely, the external surface of the optical system that acquires the image. In some imaging techniques, e.g. one that makes use of the optical sensing surface such as that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,697,164 the probe needs to be inserted into the oral cavity and brought into proximity with the teeth to be imaged. In this case, the optical sensing surface may also become coated with a liquid film formed from aerosol particles that exist in the oral cavity or liquid vapor that condenses on the sensing surface. \n An optical probe making use of confocal optics is a preferred embodiment in accordance with the invention. \n \n \n \n BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS \n For a better understanding of the invention as well as other objects and features thereof, reference is made to the annexed drawings in which: \n FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of an instrument with an auxiliary assembly in accordance with the invention. \n FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a dental imaging instrument incorporating an auxiliary assembly in accordance with the invention. \n FIGS. 3 and 4 are close-up perspective views, from two different angles, of the front probing portion of the instrument of FIG. 2 . \n \n \n \n DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION \n As explained above, a dental imaging insolvent of the type disclosed in PCT Publication No. WO 00/08415 or others in which a probe directs a beam of light toward the surfaces of the teeth to be imaged and picks up light reflected from these surfaces, is unable to obtain clear images because the liquid film which coats these surfaces degrade their reflectivity. \n A liquid film composed mainly of saliva and mucous present in the oral cavity as well as blood, is ionically adhered to the teeth surfaces and cannot therefore be easily dislodged. The present invention combines the imaging probe with an auxiliary which directs an air stream toward the surface to evaporate the film thereon even though the evaporative process is resisted by the surface tension of the film. \n The rate at which liquid is evaporated by a stream of air flowing over its surface depends on the temperature of the air and its velocity. Hence, even when the temperature is fairly high, should the air stream then pass slowly over the liquid surface, the surface tension which acts as a skin covering the liquid will not be disrupted. \n The external optical surfaces of the optical sensing probe have to be kept clean of any particles, film, etc., so as to retain good optical qualities required in order to be able to acquire a high quality image. The problem, however, is that the probe needs to be inserted into the oral cavity and consequently such optical surfaces may become coated. particularly by a liquid film, as a result of aerosol particles that exist in the oral cavity or liquid vapor that condenses on such surfaces. Thus, in accordance with one embodiment, the auxiliary provides also a gas stream that flows over such optical surfaces so as to clean such surfaces from any liquid film or droplets that may form thereon. \n Reference is first being made to FIG. 1 , showing, in a schematic manner, an optical imaging instrument generally designated 10 that includes an optical probe 12 that can be inserted into the oral cavity and brought into proximity to teeth T and imaging optics and electronics assembly represented by block 14 . Block 14 is coupled, through line 16 to an image analysis and data storage computer system (not shown). \n The probe and the optical/electronic system may be that disclosed in PCT publication WO 00/008415, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference. \n Probe 12 is associated with two nozzles 20 A and 20 B, each of which is linked through corresponding lines 22 A and 22 B to a source of pressurized gas 24 . Source 24 may be a pressurized gas container or may be a compressor. The source of pressurized gas will typically be located outside the handheld probing instrument (not shown) that houses probe 12 and the optic/electronic assembly 14 . \n Each of lines 20 A and 203 includes also a corresponding flow control valve 26 A and 26 B. It should be noted that rather than having independent lines, the two lines may combine through a manifold arrangement into a single line that leads to source 24 . \n In some embodiments of the invention, the gas is beated and a heating source 28 associated with the source of pressurized gas 24 may be provided. In other embodiments, rather than heating the gas at source, the gas may pass through a heat exchanger for online heating before reaching nozzles 20 A and 20 B. As will be appreciated, the gas is typically air although other gasses such as nitrogen, oxygen and others. \n Nozzle 20 A is designed to eject a steam of gas 30 A towards a segment of the teeth that is to be imaged. The rapid flow of gas, at times heated, over these surfaces, removes the liquid film which otherwise coats the surface of the teeth. \n In one preferred embodiment of the invention, a second nozzle 203 is provided which directs the flow of gas towards the optical surface 32 of probe 12 . In this way a liquid film or droplets which would otherwise form on surface 32 are removed \n It should be noted that the instrument may at times be provided with more than one nozzle, such as nozzle 20 A or nozzle 20 B. \n The above description was made in reference to an embodiment where a source of pressurized gas 24 causes a positive flow of gas towards the surface of the teeth T and the surface 32 of probe 12 . In other embodiments of the invention, source 24 may be a suction pump giving rise to a negative-pressure air stream, namely from the surface towards the nozzles. A negative air stream will cause air in the oral cavity to flow over the teeth's surfaces, as well as over the optical surface 32 of probe 12 causing the removal of the liquid from such surfaces in this manner. One advantage of negative-pressure air stream is that it will also suck out the vapor evaporated from the liquid film. \n Reference is now being made to FIGS. 2 , 3 and 4 , showing a handheld probing instrument in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. Instrument 50 has a handle 52 and a head 54 . Handle 52 houses the optics electronic assembly that is linked, through connector 56 , to an image processing and image storage computers (not shown). Also shown at the rear of handle 52 is a conduit 58 for connecting to a source of pressurized gas (or a vacuum source in accordance with other embodiments of the invention). \n The structure of head 54 is best seen in FIGS. 3 and 4 . Head portion 54 includes an optical probe 62 designed in the manner shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B of the aforementioned PCT publication WO 00/00815. Optical probe 62 has an external probing glass surface 64 which in use is brought proximal to the teeth to be imaged. For the purpose of illustration, an image of a single tooth T in isolation being proximal and opposite probing glass surface 64 , is shown. \n Situated on two sides of probe 62 are nozzles 70 A and 70 B situated at the end of respective straight and rigid tubes 72 A and 72 B which are linked, through tubings within the handle/housing 52 , to gas conduit 58 . As can be seen, the opening 74 A of nozzle 70 A faces the surface to be imaged while opening 74 B of nozzle 70 B faces glass surface 64 . By projecting air out of openings 74 A and 74 B of nozzles 70 A and 70 B surface 64 and surface of the tooth will be clean of liquid films or droplets. \n In accordance with another embodiment rather than ejecting gas out of these nozzles in a positive ejection fashion, a suction arrangement is provided for sucking air from such surfaces with a similar resulting effect.",
"response": "This invention relates to dental instruments used for imaging the three-dimensional topography of teeth in a patient's oral cavity. The instrument includes a probe that projects a beam of light towards the surfaces of the teeth and receives reflections to derive data. Current methods of imaging teeth involve making cast impressions or directly measuring the teeth optically. However, the presence of a liquid film composed of saliva, mucous, and other fluids on the teeth surfaces impairs the quality of the images obtained. This invention addresses this issue by combining the imaging probe with an auxiliary that projects an air stream towards the teeth surfaces to dry them and enhance their reflectivity. The auxiliary may also include a suction arrangement to remove the liquid film. The invention provides a dental instrument and method for acquiring clear images of the teeth surfaces by using both the probe and the auxiliary."
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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to geometrical structures using plumbing joints and pipes that are preferably made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and available generally in standard and modified forms.
There are no known geometrical structures and structural methods using standard and modified forms of plumbing joints and tubular sections as structural units. There are, however, various known geometric structures using other shapes and forms of joints and tubes or rods made of different materials as building units for different types of structures.
Examples of different geometrical structures and methods in prior art include a modeling kit described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,701,131 which was granted to Hildebrandt, et al. and reissued for errors as U.S. Pat. No. Re. 33,785. The Hildebrandt, et al. patent employed nodule joints of solid rods having various polygonal cross sections. U.S. Pat. No. 4,274,222 granted to Zahn, et al. taught four-way joints of elastic tubing for a throwing toy and similar resilient devices. U.S. Pat. No. 4,069,832 granted to Bingham described tetrahedral and other forms structured with rods joined juxtaposed in tubes at corners. U.S. Pat. No. 3,830,011 granted to Ochrymowich described tubes joined with flat connectors with appendages that are inserted into ends of the tubes for joining them together. U.S. Pat. No. 3,074,203 granted to Paksy described a toy construction outfit with tubes joined by fittings of rigid plastic. U.S. Pat. No. 814,367 granted to Given in 1906 also taught toy construction with tubes joined by angular arms.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Objectives of this invention are to:
Combine new and different structural assemblies of PVC or similar materials to construct useful objects;
Employ redundancy of joints of new and known PVC plumbing units in structural puzzles as a toy; and
Combine known shapes and forms of PVC plumbing units to construct useful objects.
This invention accomplishes the above and other objectives with redundant-joint structure having a plurality of three-way PVC plumbing elbows with coupling sleeves into which PVC plumbing pipes are inserted to form redundant joints to construct a variety of objects. The three-way elbows have different angles for particular structures than employed for conventional plumbing structure. For other structures, the three-way elbows have the same or similar angles as those employed for conventional plumbing. Two-way elbows with a coupling sleeve at one end and a pipe-sized opposite extension employed for particular forms also can have different or the same angles as employed for conventional plumbing.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
This invention is described by appended claims in relation to description of a preferred embodiment with reference to the following drawings which are described briefly as follows:
FIG. 1 is a partial cutaway elevation view of a three-sleeve pipe joint with axes of sleeves at 45 degrees from a reference axis;
FIG. 2 is a partial cutaway elevation view of a three-sleeve pipe joint with axes of sleeves at less than 45 degrees from a reference axis;
FIG. 3 is a partial cutaway elevation view of a three-sleeve pipe joint with axes of sleeves at an angle greater than 45 degrees from a reference axis;
FIG. 4 is a partial cutaway elevation view of a two-sleeve pipe joint with axes of sleeves separated 90 degrees;
FIG. 5 is a partial cutaway elevation view of a two-sleeve pipe joint with axes of sleeves separated less than 90 degrees;
FIG. 6 is a partial cutaway elevation view of a two-sleeve pipe joint with axes of sleeves separated more than 90 degrees;
FIG. 7 is a partial cutaway side view of a cylindrical beam;
FIG. 8 is a partial cutaway side view of a cylindrical beam inserted into a three-sleeve pipe joint with 45 degrees between a reference axis and sleeve axes;
FIG. 9 is a partial cutaway side view of a 90-degree redundant joint with a two-sleeve pipe joint leading to another redundant joint;
FIG. 10 is a partial cutaway side view of a cylindrical beam inserted into a three-sleeve pipe joint with less than 90 degrees between a reference axis and axes of the three sleeves;
FIG. 11 is a top view of a redundant joint with a three-sleeve pipe joint having 45 degrees between sleeve and reference axes and fitted with right-angle two-sleeve pipe joints and two cylindrical beams in right-handed structure;
FIG. 12 is a top view of a pentagonal face of a dodecahedron using five of the redundant joints illustrated in FIG. 11;
FIG. 13 is a top view of a redundant joint with a three-sleeve pipe joint having 45 degrees between sleeve and reference axes and fitted with right-angle two-sleeve pipe joints and two cylindrical beams in left-handed structure;
FIG. 14 is a top view of a square face of a cube using four of the redundant joints illustrated in FIG. 13;
FIG. 15 is a top view of a hexagon using six of the redundant joints illustrated in FIG. 11 as a structural assembly for construction of structural objects.
FIG. 16 is a perspective illustration of a bipod variation being used for a coffee table;
FIG. 17 is a perspective illustration of an irregular variation being used for a coffee table; and
FIG. 18 is a perspective illustration of a cubic variation being used for a coffee table.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Reference is made first to FIGS. 1-3. These are three-sleeve pipe elbows having different angles of separation of coupling sleeves from a reference axis. FIG. 1 is a 45-degree three-sleeve pipe elbow 1 having three sleeves 2 with coupling axes 3 of the three sleeves 2 having a design angle of 45 degrees of circumferential separation from a reference axis 4. The three sleeves 2 have inside peripheries that are designed for telescopic insertion and tube-coupling relationship of either cylindrical beams or second ends of two-sleeve pipe elbows which are described and shown later.
The 45-degree three-sleeve pipe elbow 1 can be described also as a three-way, 90-degree pipe elbow. However, in order to describe a symmetrical relationship of sleeves 2 with different angles of separation, three-sleeve pipe elbows are described in relationship to angles of separation of coupling axes 3 from reference axes 4 instead of from other coupling axes 3.
All of the components of this invention can be made of the same or of variously different materials. For most purposes, however, polyvinyl chloride, commonly known as PVC, is recommended. Standard PVC pipe elbows and pipe sections can be used for most applications.
In FIG. 2, a 30-degree three-sleeve pipe elbow 5 has the same three sleeves 2 with coupling axes 3 having a design angle of 30 degrees of circumferential separation from a reference axis 4. The angle of separation of the coupling axes 3 from the reference axes 4 can be less than or greater than the 45 degrees shown for the 45-degree three-sleeve pipe elbow 1 in FIG. 1. In FIG. 3, angle of separation is 60 degrees for a 60-degree, three-sleeve pipe elbow 6. The coupling axes 3 and the reference axes 4 are measured in relation to centrally intersecting elbow junctions 7.
Reference is made here to FIGS. 4-6. These are two-sleeve pipe elbows having different angles of separation between sleeve axes. In FIG. 4, a first coupling sleeve 8 of a two-sleeve, 90-degree pipe elbow 9 has a coupling axis 10 that is 90 degrees from a second coupling axis 11 of a second coupling sleeve 12. The first coupling sleeve 8 has an inside periphery that is the same size as the inside periphery of the three sleeves 2 of the three-sleeve pipe elbows 1, 5 and 6 which are designed to receive the same size of cylindrical objects. In FIG. 5, a two-sleeve 60-degree pipe elbow 13 has 60 degrees of circumferential separation between coupling axes 10 and 11 of first coupling sleeve 8 and second coupling sleeve 12 respectively. In FIG. 6, a two-sleeve 120-degree pipe elbow 14 has 120 degrees of circumferential separation between coupling axes 10 and 11 of first coupling sleeve 8 and second coupling sleeve 12 respectively.
Reference is made here to FIG. 7. A cylindrical beam 15 is employed to connect two-sleeve pipe elbows 9, 13 and 14 or three-sleeve pipe elbows 1, 5 and 6. The cylindrical beam 15 can be a uniform-diameter pipe as shown. However, it functions as a beam. An outside periphery can be different between opposite ends and it need not have an inside periphery nor a uniform interior if it has an internal portion for purposes of this invention. Cylindrical describes the ends and beam describes the functional nature of the cylindrical beam 15 that joins pipe elbows 1, 5, 6, 9, 13 and 14 variously in embodiments of this invention.
In FIG. 8, a cylindrical beam 15 is shown inserted in a sleeve 2 of a 45-degree three-sleeve pipe elbow 1 directly. This is a first type of redundant joints for a first type of redundant structures.
In FIG. 9, second coupling sleeves 12 of three separate two-sleeve 90-degree pipe elbows 9 are inserted into separate sleeves 2 of a 45-degree three-sleeve pipe elbow 1. Cylindrical beams 15 are inserted into first sleeves 8 of the two-sleeve 90-degree pipe elbows 9. This is a second type of redundant joints for a second type of redundant structures. A fourth two-sleeve 90-degree pipe elbow 9 is fitted onto an opposite end of one of the cylindrical beams 15 to indicate connection with another redundant joint.
One of the two-sleeve 90-degree pipe elbows 9 is oriented to an attitude in which the first sleeve 8 and the cylindrical beam 15 inserted into it are neither parallel nor perpendicular to either sleeve 2 of the 45-degree three-sleeve pipe elbow 1. This is achieved by rotation of the sleeve 12 in the sleeve 2. In practice, none of the second sleeves 8 will be parallel or perpendicular to sleeves 2. This circumferential orientation is employed selectively to form angles between joints for construction of structural assemblies and structural objects having redundant joints with select angles between edges and faces.
Reference is made here to FIGS. 11-12. A pentagonal redundant joint 16 shown in FIG. 11 has pipe elbows 9 with first sleeves 8 oriented outside of sleeves 2 by rotating second sleeves 12 inside of sleeves 2, as shown and described in relation to FIG. 9, to form angles of 108 degrees between cylindrical beams 15 that are inserted into the first sleeves 8. The cylindrical beams 15 so positioned form five sides of a pentagonal structural assembly 17 shown in FIG. 12.
This pentagonal structural assembly 17 can be used for a side of a dodecahedron in which cylindrical beams 15 which are shown not inserted into second sleeves 12 at one end are inserted into like pentagonal redundant joints 16 of additional pentagonal structural assemblies 17. A cylindrical beam 15 and two pentagonal redundant joints 16 are common to each pentagonal structural assembly 17 in a dodecahedron that can be so formed.
The first sleeves 8 of the pipe elbows 9 are shown oriented with open ends clockwise from the sleeves 2 in FIGS. 11-12. These are right-handed redundant joints.
Reference is made here to FIGS. 13-15. In FIG. 13, a left-handed joint 18 is shown with first sleeves 8 of the pipe elbows 9 with open ends facing counterclockwise. In FIG. 14, two each of the first sleeves 8 and cylindrical beams 15 inserted in them are oriented to 90 degrees apart for use in a square structural assembly 19 with left-handed joints 18. Remaining first sleeves 8 and cylindrical beams 15 inserted in them remain to be adjusted circumferentially to form angles as desired for use in other structural objects such as a cubical or pyramidal structure.
FIG. 15 illustrates a hexagonal structural assembly 20 with 60 degrees between cylindrical beams 15 that are inserted in first sleeves 8 of elbows 9.
The structural assembly 22 employs right-handed structural joints as described in relation to FIG. 11.
Consistent use of either left-handed joints as described in relation to FIG. 11 or right-handed joints as described in relation to FIG. 13 for an entire structural assembly 17, 19 and 20 or other structural assemblies and structural objects made from them is essential.
Analog variation of angles between cylindrical beams 15 by rotation of second sleeves 12 in sleeves 2 of elbows 1, as described in relation to FIG. 9, makes possible a wide variety of structural assemblies. Combining joints using elbows 1 with joints made with elbows having different angles of separation of coupling axes 3 from reference axes 4 such as illustrated with three-sleeve elbows 5 and 6 and two-sleeve elbows 9, 13 and 14, increases selection of structural assemblies and structural objects.
Representative of many furniture uses of this invention is a simple coffee table that is shown with a circular glass top 21 on three variations as shown in FIGS. 16-18. In FIG. 16, a cylindrical beam 15 is extended from each of two sleeves 2 of three 45-degree three-sleeve pipe elbows 1 to form three sets of bipod legs 22. In FIG. 17, angle legs 23 are formed by two-sleeve 90-degree pipe elbows 9 at ends of horizontal cylindrical beams 15. In FIG. 18, a cubic structure 24 is formed by completing a plurality of structural assemblies 19 shown in FIG. 14 and setting the circular glass top 21 on it.
A new and useful redundant-joint structure and method having been described, all such modifications, adaptations, substitutions of equivalents, combinations of parts, applications and forms thereof as described by the following claims are included in this invention.
LIST OF COMPONENTS
(For Convenience Of The Examiner)
1. 45-degree three-sleeve pipe elbow
2. sleeves
3. coupling axes
4. reference axis
5. 30-degree three-sleeve pipe elbow
6. 60-degree three-sleeve pipe elbow
7. centrally intersecting elbow junctions
8. first coupling sleeve
9. two-sleeve 90-degree pipe elbow
10. coupling axis of first coupling sleeve
11. second coupling axis
12. second coupling sleeve
13. two-sleeve 60-degree pipe elbow
14. two-sleeve 120-degree pipe elbow
15. cylindrical beam
16. pentagonal redundant joint
17. pentagonal structural assembly
18. left-handed joint
19. square structural assembly
20. hexagonal structural assembly
21. glass top
22. bipod legs
23. angle legs
24. cubic structure | Redundant joints for a wide variety of redundant-joint structures have three-way plumbing elbows (1, 5, 6) with coupling sleeves (2) into which two-way plumbing elbows (9, 13, 14) are inserted and rotated to form an infinite variety of angles of joining edges or sides of structural assemblies bordered by cylindrical beams (15) inserted into sleeves (12) in the two-way elbows. The three-way elbows can have different angles for particular structures than employed for conventional plumbing uses. For other structures, the three-way elbows have the same or similar angles as those employed for conventional plumbing. Two-way elbows with a coupling sleeve at one end and a pipe-sized opposite extension employed for particular forms also can have different or the same angles as employed for conventional plumbing. | This invention presents a novel approach to geometrical structures using plumbing joints and pipes made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). While there are existing geometric structures using different shapes and materials, there are no known structures utilizing standard and modified forms of plumbing joints and tubular sections as structural units. The objective of this invention is to combine new and different assemblies of PVC plumbing units to construct useful objects, employ redundancy of joints in structural puzzles as a toy, and combine known shapes and forms of PVC plumbing units to construct objects. The invention achieves these objectives by utilizing redundant-joint structures consisting of three-way PVC plumbing elbows with coupling sleeves into which PVC plumbing pipes are inserted to form joints and construct a variety of objects. The angles between the sleeves and reference axes of the elbows can vary for different structures. The invention also includes two-way elbows with coupling sleeves for specific forms. Several examples of structural assemblies and objects are provided, including a coffee table and various geometric shapes. This invention opens up new possibilities for the use of plumbing joints and pipes in constructing geometrical structures. | {
"name": "Irftc",
"display_name": "Faithfulness",
"data": {
"query": "Summarize the context",
"context": "BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION \n This invention relates to geometrical structures using plumbing joints and pipes that are preferably made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and available generally in standard and modified forms. \n There are no known geometrical structures and structural methods using standard and modified forms of plumbing joints and tubular sections as structural units. There are, however, various known geometric structures using other shapes and forms of joints and tubes or rods made of different materials as building units for different types of structures. \n Examples of different geometrical structures and methods in prior art include a modeling kit described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,701,131 which was granted to Hildebrandt, et al. and reissued for errors as U.S. Pat. No. Re. 33,785. The Hildebrandt, et al. patent employed nodule joints of solid rods having various polygonal cross sections. U.S. Pat. No. 4,274,222 granted to Zahn, et al. taught four-way joints of elastic tubing for a throwing toy and similar resilient devices. U.S. Pat. No. 4,069,832 granted to Bingham described tetrahedral and other forms structured with rods joined juxtaposed in tubes at corners. U.S. Pat. No. 3,830,011 granted to Ochrymowich described tubes joined with flat connectors with appendages that are inserted into ends of the tubes for joining them together. U.S. Pat. No. 3,074,203 granted to Paksy described a toy construction outfit with tubes joined by fittings of rigid plastic. U.S. Pat. No. 814,367 granted to Given in 1906 also taught toy construction with tubes joined by angular arms. \n SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION \n Objectives of this invention are to: \n Combine new and different structural assemblies of PVC or similar materials to construct useful objects; \n Employ redundancy of joints of new and known PVC plumbing units in structural puzzles as a toy; and \n Combine known shapes and forms of PVC plumbing units to construct useful objects. \n This invention accomplishes the above and other objectives with redundant-joint structure having a plurality of three-way PVC plumbing elbows with coupling sleeves into which PVC plumbing pipes are inserted to form redundant joints to construct a variety of objects. The three-way elbows have different angles for particular structures than employed for conventional plumbing structure. For other structures, the three-way elbows have the same or similar angles as those employed for conventional plumbing. Two-way elbows with a coupling sleeve at one end and a pipe-sized opposite extension employed for particular forms also can have different or the same angles as employed for conventional plumbing. \n \n \n BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS \n This invention is described by appended claims in relation to description of a preferred embodiment with reference to the following drawings which are described briefly as follows: \n FIG. 1 is a partial cutaway elevation view of a three-sleeve pipe joint with axes of sleeves at 45 degrees from a reference axis; \n FIG. 2 is a partial cutaway elevation view of a three-sleeve pipe joint with axes of sleeves at less than 45 degrees from a reference axis; \n FIG. 3 is a partial cutaway elevation view of a three-sleeve pipe joint with axes of sleeves at an angle greater than 45 degrees from a reference axis; \n FIG. 4 is a partial cutaway elevation view of a two-sleeve pipe joint with axes of sleeves separated 90 degrees; \n FIG. 5 is a partial cutaway elevation view of a two-sleeve pipe joint with axes of sleeves separated less than 90 degrees; \n FIG. 6 is a partial cutaway elevation view of a two-sleeve pipe joint with axes of sleeves separated more than 90 degrees; \n FIG. 7 is a partial cutaway side view of a cylindrical beam; \n FIG. 8 is a partial cutaway side view of a cylindrical beam inserted into a three-sleeve pipe joint with 45 degrees between a reference axis and sleeve axes; \n FIG. 9 is a partial cutaway side view of a 90-degree redundant joint with a two-sleeve pipe joint leading to another redundant joint; \n FIG. 10 is a partial cutaway side view of a cylindrical beam inserted into a three-sleeve pipe joint with less than 90 degrees between a reference axis and axes of the three sleeves; \n FIG. 11 is a top view of a redundant joint with a three-sleeve pipe joint having 45 degrees between sleeve and reference axes and fitted with right-angle two-sleeve pipe joints and two cylindrical beams in right-handed structure; \n FIG. 12 is a top view of a pentagonal face of a dodecahedron using five of the redundant joints illustrated in FIG. 11; \n FIG. 13 is a top view of a redundant joint with a three-sleeve pipe joint having 45 degrees between sleeve and reference axes and fitted with right-angle two-sleeve pipe joints and two cylindrical beams in left-handed structure; \n FIG. 14 is a top view of a square face of a cube using four of the redundant joints illustrated in FIG. 13; \n FIG. 15 is a top view of a hexagon using six of the redundant joints illustrated in FIG. 11 as a structural assembly for construction of structural objects. \n FIG. 16 is a perspective illustration of a bipod variation being used for a coffee table; \n FIG. 17 is a perspective illustration of an irregular variation being used for a coffee table; and \n FIG. 18 is a perspective illustration of a cubic variation being used for a coffee table. \n \n \n DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS \n Reference is made first to FIGS. 1-3. These are three-sleeve pipe elbows having different angles of separation of coupling sleeves from a reference axis. FIG. 1 is a 45-degree three-sleeve pipe elbow 1 having three sleeves 2 with coupling axes 3 of the three sleeves 2 having a design angle of 45 degrees of circumferential separation from a reference axis 4. The three sleeves 2 have inside peripheries that are designed for telescopic insertion and tube-coupling relationship of either cylindrical beams or second ends of two-sleeve pipe elbows which are described and shown later. \n The 45-degree three-sleeve pipe elbow 1 can be described also as a three-way, 90-degree pipe elbow. However, in order to describe a symmetrical relationship of sleeves 2 with different angles of separation, three-sleeve pipe elbows are described in relationship to angles of separation of coupling axes 3 from reference axes 4 instead of from other coupling axes 3. \n All of the components of this invention can be made of the same or of variously different materials. For most purposes, however, polyvinyl chloride, commonly known as PVC, is recommended. Standard PVC pipe elbows and pipe sections can be used for most applications. \n In FIG. 2, a 30-degree three-sleeve pipe elbow 5 has the same three sleeves 2 with coupling axes 3 having a design angle of 30 degrees of circumferential separation from a reference axis 4. The angle of separation of the coupling axes 3 from the reference axes 4 can be less than or greater than the 45 degrees shown for the 45-degree three-sleeve pipe elbow 1 in FIG. 1. In FIG. 3, angle of separation is 60 degrees for a 60-degree, three-sleeve pipe elbow 6. The coupling axes 3 and the reference axes 4 are measured in relation to centrally intersecting elbow junctions 7. \n Reference is made here to FIGS. 4-6. These are two-sleeve pipe elbows having different angles of separation between sleeve axes. In FIG. 4, a first coupling sleeve 8 of a two-sleeve, 90-degree pipe elbow 9 has a coupling axis 10 that is 90 degrees from a second coupling axis 11 of a second coupling sleeve 12. The first coupling sleeve 8 has an inside periphery that is the same size as the inside periphery of the three sleeves 2 of the three-sleeve pipe elbows 1, 5 and 6 which are designed to receive the same size of cylindrical objects. In FIG. 5, a two-sleeve 60-degree pipe elbow 13 has 60 degrees of circumferential separation between coupling axes 10 and 11 of first coupling sleeve 8 and second coupling sleeve 12 respectively. In FIG. 6, a two-sleeve 120-degree pipe elbow 14 has 120 degrees of circumferential separation between coupling axes 10 and 11 of first coupling sleeve 8 and second coupling sleeve 12 respectively. \n Reference is made here to FIG. 7. A cylindrical beam 15 is employed to connect two-sleeve pipe elbows 9, 13 and 14 or three-sleeve pipe elbows 1, 5 and 6. The cylindrical beam 15 can be a uniform-diameter pipe as shown. However, it functions as a beam. An outside periphery can be different between opposite ends and it need not have an inside periphery nor a uniform interior if it has an internal portion for purposes of this invention. Cylindrical describes the ends and beam describes the functional nature of the cylindrical beam 15 that joins pipe elbows 1, 5, 6, 9, 13 and 14 variously in embodiments of this invention. \n In FIG. 8, a cylindrical beam 15 is shown inserted in a sleeve 2 of a 45-degree three-sleeve pipe elbow 1 directly. This is a first type of redundant joints for a first type of redundant structures. \n In FIG. 9, second coupling sleeves 12 of three separate two-sleeve 90-degree pipe elbows 9 are inserted into separate sleeves 2 of a 45-degree three-sleeve pipe elbow 1. Cylindrical beams 15 are inserted into first sleeves 8 of the two-sleeve 90-degree pipe elbows 9. This is a second type of redundant joints for a second type of redundant structures. A fourth two-sleeve 90-degree pipe elbow 9 is fitted onto an opposite end of one of the cylindrical beams 15 to indicate connection with another redundant joint. \n One of the two-sleeve 90-degree pipe elbows 9 is oriented to an attitude in which the first sleeve 8 and the cylindrical beam 15 inserted into it are neither parallel nor perpendicular to either sleeve 2 of the 45-degree three-sleeve pipe elbow 1. This is achieved by rotation of the sleeve 12 in the sleeve 2. In practice, none of the second sleeves 8 will be parallel or perpendicular to sleeves 2. This circumferential orientation is employed selectively to form angles between joints for construction of structural assemblies and structural objects having redundant joints with select angles between edges and faces. \n Reference is made here to FIGS. 11-12. A pentagonal redundant joint 16 shown in FIG. 11 has pipe elbows 9 with first sleeves 8 oriented outside of sleeves 2 by rotating second sleeves 12 inside of sleeves 2, as shown and described in relation to FIG. 9, to form angles of 108 degrees between cylindrical beams 15 that are inserted into the first sleeves 8. The cylindrical beams 15 so positioned form five sides of a pentagonal structural assembly 17 shown in FIG. 12. \n This pentagonal structural assembly 17 can be used for a side of a dodecahedron in which cylindrical beams 15 which are shown not inserted into second sleeves 12 at one end are inserted into like pentagonal redundant joints 16 of additional pentagonal structural assemblies 17. A cylindrical beam 15 and two pentagonal redundant joints 16 are common to each pentagonal structural assembly 17 in a dodecahedron that can be so formed. \n The first sleeves 8 of the pipe elbows 9 are shown oriented with open ends clockwise from the sleeves 2 in FIGS. 11-12. These are right-handed redundant joints. \n Reference is made here to FIGS. 13-15. In FIG. 13, a left-handed joint 18 is shown with first sleeves 8 of the pipe elbows 9 with open ends facing counterclockwise. In FIG. 14, two each of the first sleeves 8 and cylindrical beams 15 inserted in them are oriented to 90 degrees apart for use in a square structural assembly 19 with left-handed joints 18. Remaining first sleeves 8 and cylindrical beams 15 inserted in them remain to be adjusted circumferentially to form angles as desired for use in other structural objects such as a cubical or pyramidal structure. \n FIG. 15 illustrates a hexagonal structural assembly 20 with 60 degrees between cylindrical beams 15 that are inserted in first sleeves 8 of elbows 9. \n The structural assembly 22 employs right-handed structural joints as described in relation to FIG. 11. \n Consistent use of either left-handed joints as described in relation to FIG. 11 or right-handed joints as described in relation to FIG. 13 for an entire structural assembly 17, 19 and 20 or other structural assemblies and structural objects made from them is essential. \n Analog variation of angles between cylindrical beams 15 by rotation of second sleeves 12 in sleeves 2 of elbows 1, as described in relation to FIG. 9, makes possible a wide variety of structural assemblies. Combining joints using elbows 1 with joints made with elbows having different angles of separation of coupling axes 3 from reference axes 4 such as illustrated with three-sleeve elbows 5 and 6 and two-sleeve elbows 9, 13 and 14, increases selection of structural assemblies and structural objects. \n Representative of many furniture uses of this invention is a simple coffee table that is shown with a circular glass top 21 on three variations as shown in FIGS. 16-18. In FIG. 16, a cylindrical beam 15 is extended from each of two sleeves 2 of three 45-degree three-sleeve pipe elbows 1 to form three sets of bipod legs 22. In FIG. 17, angle legs 23 are formed by two-sleeve 90-degree pipe elbows 9 at ends of horizontal cylindrical beams 15. In FIG. 18, a cubic structure 24 is formed by completing a plurality of structural assemblies 19 shown in FIG. 14 and setting the circular glass top 21 on it. \n A new and useful redundant-joint structure and method having been described, all such modifications, adaptations, substitutions of equivalents, combinations of parts, applications and forms thereof as described by the following claims are included in this invention. \n LIST OF COMPONENTS \n (For Convenience Of The Examiner) \n 1. 45-degree three-sleeve pipe elbow \n 2. sleeves \n 3. coupling axes \n 4. reference axis \n 5. 30-degree three-sleeve pipe elbow \n 6. 60-degree three-sleeve pipe elbow \n 7. centrally intersecting elbow junctions \n 8. first coupling sleeve \n 9. two-sleeve 90-degree pipe elbow \n 10. coupling axis of first coupling sleeve \n 11. second coupling axis \n 12. second coupling sleeve \n 13. two-sleeve 60-degree pipe elbow \n 14. two-sleeve 120-degree pipe elbow \n 15. cylindrical beam \n 16. pentagonal redundant joint \n 17. pentagonal structural assembly \n 18. left-handed joint \n 19. square structural assembly \n 20. hexagonal structural assembly \n 21. glass top \n 22. bipod legs \n 23. angle legs \n 24. cubic structure",
"response": "This invention presents a novel approach to geometrical structures using plumbing joints and pipes made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). While there are existing geometric structures using different shapes and materials, there are no known structures utilizing standard and modified forms of plumbing joints and tubular sections as structural units. The objective of this invention is to combine new and different assemblies of PVC plumbing units to construct useful objects, employ redundancy of joints in structural puzzles as a toy, and combine known shapes and forms of PVC plumbing units to construct objects. The invention achieves these objectives by utilizing redundant-joint structures consisting of three-way PVC plumbing elbows with coupling sleeves into which PVC plumbing pipes are inserted to form joints and construct a variety of objects. The angles between the sleeves and reference axes of the elbows can vary for different structures. The invention also includes two-way elbows with coupling sleeves for specific forms. Several examples of structural assemblies and objects are provided, including a coffee table and various geometric shapes. This invention opens up new possibilities for the use of plumbing joints and pipes in constructing geometrical structures."
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} | false | The response accurately summarizes the context provided, which describes an invention related to geometrical structures using PVC plumbing joints and pipes. The response captures the essence of the invention's objectives, the novel approach it represents in the field of geometrical structures, and the specific details of the redundant-joint structures and their applications. The response does not introduce any information that is not present in the context, and it refrains from making inferences beyond what is explicitly stated. Therefore, the response can be inferred using only the information provided in the context. | 0 | {
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The present invention relates to a system and method for mechanically terminating cover crops. Specifically, the current invention relates to a powered rolling and crimping device designed to roll over and crimp crops.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Cover crops are an important part of most no-till soil conservation systems, but they must to be managed correctly to fully realize their potential benefits. Among other things, these benefits include a reduction in soil erosion and the suppression of weed pressure.
At the end of a selected cover crop-growing cycle, the cover crops are terminated so that a selected newly planted crop can emerge and thrive. Termination of the cover crop allows the new selected crops to fully benefit from the soil conditioning properties of the terminated cover crops without competing with the cover crops for water and nutrients.
In the past, herbicides were the preferred means of terminating cover crops, primarily because the herbicide application process is relatively fast and effective. Although herbicide application effectively kills the cover crops, there may be problems associated with unintended over-spray, spray drift, and undesirable chemical run-off. The herbicides also leave the cover crop stalks in tact. The stalks and associated crop residue subsequently interfere with the planting process associated with the new crops, particularly for cover crops (such as rye) that generate a large amount of biomass. Further, the use of herbicides is prohibited for farmers that intend to market their corps as “organically grown”.
Rolling and crimping devices have been developed to destroy and mulch the cover crops and thereby address these issues. These devices generally require large conventional tractors to tow the rollers and/or crimpers across the cover crops. However, these large tractors are not practical for small-scale organic framers (particularly vegetable farmers) who could benefit from the use of no-till soil conservation practices.
The need exists for a roller/crimper system compatible with smaller scale organic farming operations. The current invention provides a rolling and crimping device that is designed to work with the small, inexpensive walk-behind garden tractors that are popular with small-scale organic farmers.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The current invention is directed to a powered rolling and crimpling device. The device comprises a power source that provides power to a lifting assembly. In the preferred embodiment, power is provided by the power takeoff portion of a conventional walk-behind type garden tractor and the lifting assembly comprises a cam assembly. A crimping bar is connected to the lifting assembly so that the cam assembly controls the crimping bar. The powered rolling and crimping device also includes a crop roller that precedes the crimping bar during the crimping and rolling process.
In operation, as the rolling and crimping device is propelled across a field of cover crops, the crop roller rolls over the crops and the crimping bar crimps the crops, thereby terminating the cover crops and preparing the field for planting the next cycle of crops.
The current invention also includes a method of terminating cover crops. The method includes providing a power source and transferring torque from the power source to a gearbox on a crop rolling and crimping device. The torque is then directed from the gearbox to a plurality of cam mechanisms that are connected to a crimping bar. A crop roller is positioned in front of the crimping bar. The crops are terminated by propelling the crop rolling and crimping device across a field of crops so that the crop roller rolls over the crops and the crimping bar crimps the crops, thereby terminating the crops and preparing the crop field for planting the next cycle of crops.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a top perspective view current invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The powered rolling and crimping device PRC of current invention is generally shown in FIG. 1 . In the preferred embodiment, the powered roller/crimper PRC is designed to be attached to and pulled by a conventional walk-behind tractor. Typical examples of these types of tractors are manufactured by DR, Troy-Built, and BCS. For the purposes of the current invention, a walk-behind tractor is a tractor that does not accommodate a riding operator so that the operator walks behind the tractor and guides the tractor with a linkage that may include handlebars, hand grips, or the like.
In the preferred embodiment, the tractor power takeoff extends rearward from the back of the tractor so that the powered rolling and crimping device PRC engages the power takeoff and is towed behind the tractor in a “tow configuration”. FIG. 1 shows the PRC device in the tow configuration. However, in alternative embodiments, the tractor power takeoff may extend forward from the front of the tractor so that the current invention also has a front-mounted “push configuration”. In the push configuration the PRC device extends out in front of the tractor so that the tractor pushes the PRC device. The push configuration enables an operator to access corners and tight spots that would otherwise be inaccessible.
As generally shown in FIG. 1 , the powered rolling and crimping device PRC comprises a linkage assembly 10 . The linkage assembly 10 includes a mounting plate 12 and a base connecting member 14 as well as a drive shaft 16 with a flexible coupler 17 . The linkage assembly 10 also includes a dynamic stabilizing device 11 and a vertical stabilizing member 13 .
As shown in FIG. 1 , the mounting plate 12 bolts to a power takeoff housing of a tractor. A drive shaft stabilizer flange 18 bolts to the mounting plate 12 . The drive shaft 16 extends through the mounting plate 12 and stabilizer flange 18 , and meshes with the splines of the tractor power takeoff shaft. The dynamic stabilizer device 11 has a first end that is connected to the tractor and a second end connected to the vertical stabilizing member 13 . A mounting bracket 15 for auxiliary wheels extends rearward from the vertical stabilizer. The auxiliary wheels enable a user to more easily maneuver the PRC device for transportation and storage. In the preferred embodiment, the dynamic stabilizer device 11 is a shock absorber that further stabilizes the PRC device and relieves stress on the tractor power takeoff assembly and drive shaft 16 .
The linkage assembly 10 is connected to a roller assembly 20 . The roller assembly 20 comprises the crop roller frame support member 22 , endplates 24 , and a crop roller 26 . The linkage assembly 10 base connecting member 14 extends to the roller assembly 20 crop roller frame support member 22 . In the preferred embodiment, an axle (not shown) extends from each end of the crop roller 26 . End portions of the axle nest in a bearing assembly on the inner side of each of the end plates 24 so that the axle turns in the bearing assemblies.
In the preferred embodiment, the crop roller component 26 comprises a smooth cylindrical roller. In alternative embodiments, the cylindrical roller 26 may include straight or angular projections that crimp the crops as the roller 26 is towed behind the tractor. In further alternative embodiments a plurality of crop rollers 26 may be incorporated into a single powered rolling and crimping device PRC.
In the preferred embodiment, the base connecting member 14 extends further away from the tractor to a crimping assembly 30 . the crimping assembly 30 primarily comprises a stationary support beam 32 and a movable crimping bar 34 . The crimping assembly 30 stationary support beam 32 is connected to the crop roller frame support member 22 by the base connecting member 14 and a plurality of horizontally extending stabilizers 28 . The stationary support beam 32 is also connected to the vertical stabilizing member 13 . A pair of vertically oriented crimping member control rods 36 extend through the stationary support beam 32 to the crimping bar 34 . A helical compression spring 38 encircles each of the crimping member control rods 36 and maintains the crimping bar 34 in the extended position.
The crimping bar 34 is raised and lowered by a crimping bar lifting assembly 40 . In the preferred embodiment, the crimping bar lifting assembly 40 essentially comprises a gearbox 42 , a pair of output power shafts 44 , and at least one cam lobe 48 mounted on each output power shaft 44 . The gearbox 42 is mounted on the aft portion of the base connecting member 14 . The gearbox 42 receives input torque from the driveshaft 16 and distributes the torque to the two output power shafts 44 that extend latterly from the gearbox 42 . The output power shafts 44 are secured and supported by a plurality of shaft support flanges 46 . The shaft support flanges 46 are mounted on the horizontal stabilizers 28 that connect the crop roller base frame member 22 with the stationary support beam 32 .
A cam lobe 48 is attached to each output power shaft 44 between two of the respective shaft support flanges 46 . As the output power shafts 44 rotate, the periphery of the cam lobes 48 engages cam followers 50 that extend horizontally from a top portion of each of the crimping bar control rods 36 . As each cam lobe 48 rotates, the associated cam follower 50 travels upwardly along the periphery of the ramp portion of the cam lobe 48 .
When the cam followers 50 reach the nose portion of the respective cam lobes 48 , the crimping bar 34 is in the fully raised position and the helical compression springs 38 are fully compressed. As the cam followers 50 pass over the nose portion of associated the cam lobes 48 , the helical compression springs 38 drive the crimping bar 34 downwardly so that the crimping bar 34 crimps the target cover crops. As the output power shafts 44 and associated cam lobes 48 continue to rotate, the cycle repeats itself as the cam followers 50 once again travel upwardly along the ramp portion of each of the respective cam lobes 48 .
As discussed supra, the current invention also includes an alternative embodiment (i.e. a push configuration) wherein the PRC device is disposed in front of the walk-behind tractor so that the tractor pushes the PRC device. In the alternative embodiment, the gearbox 42 and linkage assembly 10 are rotated 180 degrees to extend rearward and the vertical stabilizing member 13 is relocated to avoid interference with the linkage assembly 10 . Other aspects of the invention are essentially unaffected by the modification.
In operation, the mounting plate 12 is bolted to the tractor power takeoff housing so that the tractor power takeoff engages the drive shaft 16 . The drive shaft 16 provides input power to the gearbox 42 . The gearbox 42 rotates laterally extending power output shafts 44 . Cam lobes 48 mounted on the power output shafts 44 engage corresponding cam followers 50 . The cam followers 50 are attached to crimping bar control rods 36 that essentially raise and release a crimping bar 34 .
As the tractor propels the powered rolling and crimping device across a field, targeted cover crops are first flattened by the crop roller 26 and then crimped by the crimping bar 34 . The combination of the rolling and crimping action of the powered roller crimper PRC destroys the cover crop without cutting or uprooting the cover crop stalks.
In the preferred embodiment, the number of crimping cycles per unit of time is a direct function of tractor power takeoff rotary speed (for example power takeoff revolutions per minute (rpm)). At a constant power takeoff rpm, if a user increases the ground speed that the device is propelled across a field, the number of crimping cycles per linear foot is decreased. If the user decreases his speed, the number of crimping cycles per linear foot is increased. This arrangement allows a user to vary his horizontal travel speed to apply more crimping cycles to areas of a filed in which cover crop growth has the greatest density. A change in the gearing of a tractor power takeoff transmission (if equipped with a transmission) will increase or decrease the crimping rate by increasing or decreasing the power takeoff rpm.
In alternative embodiments, the power takeoff transmission may receive input from the tractor wheels so that the PRC device delivers (for example) a specified number of crimping cycles per linear foot of travel. In further alternative embodiments, the PRC gearbox 42 may be modified so that the gearbox 42 comprises a selectable-speed transmission. In this embodiment, the PRC device crimping revolutions are selectable by a user independent of the tractor power takeoff rpm.
For the foregoing reasons, it is clear that the current invention provides an innovative means of destroying a cover crop. The invention may be modified in multiple ways and applied in various technological applications. The current invention may be customized as required by a specific operation or application, and the individual components may be modified and defined, as required, to achieve the desired result.
For example, although the preferred embodiment is intended for use with a walk-behind tractor, in alternative embodiments the scale of the components may be increased or decreased. An implement with the design described herein may be used with other types of powered devices including conventional riding-type farm tractors as well as devices that would not conventionally be considered to be “tractors”. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such modifications as would be obvious to one skilled in the art are intended to included within the scope of the following claims. | The powered rolling and crimping device is used to terminate cover crops in a minimum tillage soil conservation system. The device includes a powered crimping mechanism in combination with a crop roller. Power is transferred from a tractor power takeoff to a plurality of cam mechanisms via mechanical gearbox. The cam mechanisms raise and lower a crimping bar. As an operator directs a walk-behind tractor across a field of cover crops, a crop roller first flattens the crops and the powered crimping bar crimps the crops, thereby terminating the cover crops without severing the crop stalks disturbing the soil. | The present invention introduces a powered rolling and crimping device designed to mechanically terminate cover crops. Cover crops play a vital role in soil conservation systems, but their termination is necessary for the successful growth of new crops. Traditional methods involving herbicides have limitations, such as chemical run-off and interference with planting. The proposed device, compatible with small-scale organic farming operations, consists of a power source, lifting assembly, crimping bar, and crop roller. The device effectively rolls over and crimps cover crops, preparing the field for the next cycle of crops. Various modifications and applications are possible, making it highly versatile in agricultural settings. | {
"name": "Irftc",
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"query": "Summarize the context",
"context": "The present invention relates to a system and method for mechanically terminating cover crops. Specifically, the current invention relates to a powered rolling and crimping device designed to roll over and crimp crops. \n BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION \n Cover crops are an important part of most no-till soil conservation systems, but they must to be managed correctly to fully realize their potential benefits. Among other things, these benefits include a reduction in soil erosion and the suppression of weed pressure. \n At the end of a selected cover crop-growing cycle, the cover crops are terminated so that a selected newly planted crop can emerge and thrive. Termination of the cover crop allows the new selected crops to fully benefit from the soil conditioning properties of the terminated cover crops without competing with the cover crops for water and nutrients. \n In the past, herbicides were the preferred means of terminating cover crops, primarily because the herbicide application process is relatively fast and effective. Although herbicide application effectively kills the cover crops, there may be problems associated with unintended over-spray, spray drift, and undesirable chemical run-off. The herbicides also leave the cover crop stalks in tact. The stalks and associated crop residue subsequently interfere with the planting process associated with the new crops, particularly for cover crops (such as rye) that generate a large amount of biomass. Further, the use of herbicides is prohibited for farmers that intend to market their corps as “organically grown”. \n Rolling and crimping devices have been developed to destroy and mulch the cover crops and thereby address these issues. These devices generally require large conventional tractors to tow the rollers and/or crimpers across the cover crops. However, these large tractors are not practical for small-scale organic framers (particularly vegetable farmers) who could benefit from the use of no-till soil conservation practices. \n The need exists for a roller/crimper system compatible with smaller scale organic farming operations. The current invention provides a rolling and crimping device that is designed to work with the small, inexpensive walk-behind garden tractors that are popular with small-scale organic farmers. \n SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION \n The current invention is directed to a powered rolling and crimpling device. The device comprises a power source that provides power to a lifting assembly. In the preferred embodiment, power is provided by the power takeoff portion of a conventional walk-behind type garden tractor and the lifting assembly comprises a cam assembly. A crimping bar is connected to the lifting assembly so that the cam assembly controls the crimping bar. The powered rolling and crimping device also includes a crop roller that precedes the crimping bar during the crimping and rolling process. \n In operation, as the rolling and crimping device is propelled across a field of cover crops, the crop roller rolls over the crops and the crimping bar crimps the crops, thereby terminating the cover crops and preparing the field for planting the next cycle of crops. \n The current invention also includes a method of terminating cover crops. The method includes providing a power source and transferring torque from the power source to a gearbox on a crop rolling and crimping device. The torque is then directed from the gearbox to a plurality of cam mechanisms that are connected to a crimping bar. A crop roller is positioned in front of the crimping bar. The crops are terminated by propelling the crop rolling and crimping device across a field of crops so that the crop roller rolls over the crops and the crimping bar crimps the crops, thereby terminating the crops and preparing the crop field for planting the next cycle of crops. \n \n \n \n BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS \n FIG. 1 is a top perspective view current invention. \n \n \n \n DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS \n The powered rolling and crimping device PRC of current invention is generally shown in FIG. 1 . In the preferred embodiment, the powered roller/crimper PRC is designed to be attached to and pulled by a conventional walk-behind tractor. Typical examples of these types of tractors are manufactured by DR, Troy-Built, and BCS. For the purposes of the current invention, a walk-behind tractor is a tractor that does not accommodate a riding operator so that the operator walks behind the tractor and guides the tractor with a linkage that may include handlebars, hand grips, or the like. \n In the preferred embodiment, the tractor power takeoff extends rearward from the back of the tractor so that the powered rolling and crimping device PRC engages the power takeoff and is towed behind the tractor in a “tow configuration”. FIG. 1 shows the PRC device in the tow configuration. However, in alternative embodiments, the tractor power takeoff may extend forward from the front of the tractor so that the current invention also has a front-mounted “push configuration”. In the push configuration the PRC device extends out in front of the tractor so that the tractor pushes the PRC device. The push configuration enables an operator to access corners and tight spots that would otherwise be inaccessible. \n As generally shown in FIG. 1 , the powered rolling and crimping device PRC comprises a linkage assembly 10 . The linkage assembly 10 includes a mounting plate 12 and a base connecting member 14 as well as a drive shaft 16 with a flexible coupler 17 . The linkage assembly 10 also includes a dynamic stabilizing device 11 and a vertical stabilizing member 13 . \n As shown in FIG. 1 , the mounting plate 12 bolts to a power takeoff housing of a tractor. A drive shaft stabilizer flange 18 bolts to the mounting plate 12 . The drive shaft 16 extends through the mounting plate 12 and stabilizer flange 18 , and meshes with the splines of the tractor power takeoff shaft. The dynamic stabilizer device 11 has a first end that is connected to the tractor and a second end connected to the vertical stabilizing member 13 . A mounting bracket 15 for auxiliary wheels extends rearward from the vertical stabilizer. The auxiliary wheels enable a user to more easily maneuver the PRC device for transportation and storage. In the preferred embodiment, the dynamic stabilizer device 11 is a shock absorber that further stabilizes the PRC device and relieves stress on the tractor power takeoff assembly and drive shaft 16 . \n The linkage assembly 10 is connected to a roller assembly 20 . The roller assembly 20 comprises the crop roller frame support member 22 , endplates 24 , and a crop roller 26 . The linkage assembly 10 base connecting member 14 extends to the roller assembly 20 crop roller frame support member 22 . In the preferred embodiment, an axle (not shown) extends from each end of the crop roller 26 . End portions of the axle nest in a bearing assembly on the inner side of each of the end plates 24 so that the axle turns in the bearing assemblies. \n In the preferred embodiment, the crop roller component 26 comprises a smooth cylindrical roller. In alternative embodiments, the cylindrical roller 26 may include straight or angular projections that crimp the crops as the roller 26 is towed behind the tractor. In further alternative embodiments a plurality of crop rollers 26 may be incorporated into a single powered rolling and crimping device PRC. \n In the preferred embodiment, the base connecting member 14 extends further away from the tractor to a crimping assembly 30 . the crimping assembly 30 primarily comprises a stationary support beam 32 and a movable crimping bar 34 . The crimping assembly 30 stationary support beam 32 is connected to the crop roller frame support member 22 by the base connecting member 14 and a plurality of horizontally extending stabilizers 28 . The stationary support beam 32 is also connected to the vertical stabilizing member 13 . A pair of vertically oriented crimping member control rods 36 extend through the stationary support beam 32 to the crimping bar 34 . A helical compression spring 38 encircles each of the crimping member control rods 36 and maintains the crimping bar 34 in the extended position. \n The crimping bar 34 is raised and lowered by a crimping bar lifting assembly 40 . In the preferred embodiment, the crimping bar lifting assembly 40 essentially comprises a gearbox 42 , a pair of output power shafts 44 , and at least one cam lobe 48 mounted on each output power shaft 44 . The gearbox 42 is mounted on the aft portion of the base connecting member 14 . The gearbox 42 receives input torque from the driveshaft 16 and distributes the torque to the two output power shafts 44 that extend latterly from the gearbox 42 . The output power shafts 44 are secured and supported by a plurality of shaft support flanges 46 . The shaft support flanges 46 are mounted on the horizontal stabilizers 28 that connect the crop roller base frame member 22 with the stationary support beam 32 . \n A cam lobe 48 is attached to each output power shaft 44 between two of the respective shaft support flanges 46 . As the output power shafts 44 rotate, the periphery of the cam lobes 48 engages cam followers 50 that extend horizontally from a top portion of each of the crimping bar control rods 36 . As each cam lobe 48 rotates, the associated cam follower 50 travels upwardly along the periphery of the ramp portion of the cam lobe 48 . \n When the cam followers 50 reach the nose portion of the respective cam lobes 48 , the crimping bar 34 is in the fully raised position and the helical compression springs 38 are fully compressed. As the cam followers 50 pass over the nose portion of associated the cam lobes 48 , the helical compression springs 38 drive the crimping bar 34 downwardly so that the crimping bar 34 crimps the target cover crops. As the output power shafts 44 and associated cam lobes 48 continue to rotate, the cycle repeats itself as the cam followers 50 once again travel upwardly along the ramp portion of each of the respective cam lobes 48 . \n As discussed supra, the current invention also includes an alternative embodiment (i.e. a push configuration) wherein the PRC device is disposed in front of the walk-behind tractor so that the tractor pushes the PRC device. In the alternative embodiment, the gearbox 42 and linkage assembly 10 are rotated 180 degrees to extend rearward and the vertical stabilizing member 13 is relocated to avoid interference with the linkage assembly 10 . Other aspects of the invention are essentially unaffected by the modification. \n In operation, the mounting plate 12 is bolted to the tractor power takeoff housing so that the tractor power takeoff engages the drive shaft 16 . The drive shaft 16 provides input power to the gearbox 42 . The gearbox 42 rotates laterally extending power output shafts 44 . Cam lobes 48 mounted on the power output shafts 44 engage corresponding cam followers 50 . The cam followers 50 are attached to crimping bar control rods 36 that essentially raise and release a crimping bar 34 . \n As the tractor propels the powered rolling and crimping device across a field, targeted cover crops are first flattened by the crop roller 26 and then crimped by the crimping bar 34 . The combination of the rolling and crimping action of the powered roller crimper PRC destroys the cover crop without cutting or uprooting the cover crop stalks. \n In the preferred embodiment, the number of crimping cycles per unit of time is a direct function of tractor power takeoff rotary speed (for example power takeoff revolutions per minute (rpm)). At a constant power takeoff rpm, if a user increases the ground speed that the device is propelled across a field, the number of crimping cycles per linear foot is decreased. If the user decreases his speed, the number of crimping cycles per linear foot is increased. This arrangement allows a user to vary his horizontal travel speed to apply more crimping cycles to areas of a filed in which cover crop growth has the greatest density. A change in the gearing of a tractor power takeoff transmission (if equipped with a transmission) will increase or decrease the crimping rate by increasing or decreasing the power takeoff rpm. \n In alternative embodiments, the power takeoff transmission may receive input from the tractor wheels so that the PRC device delivers (for example) a specified number of crimping cycles per linear foot of travel. In further alternative embodiments, the PRC gearbox 42 may be modified so that the gearbox 42 comprises a selectable-speed transmission. In this embodiment, the PRC device crimping revolutions are selectable by a user independent of the tractor power takeoff rpm. \n For the foregoing reasons, it is clear that the current invention provides an innovative means of destroying a cover crop. The invention may be modified in multiple ways and applied in various technological applications. The current invention may be customized as required by a specific operation or application, and the individual components may be modified and defined, as required, to achieve the desired result. \n For example, although the preferred embodiment is intended for use with a walk-behind tractor, in alternative embodiments the scale of the components may be increased or decreased. An implement with the design described herein may be used with other types of powered devices including conventional riding-type farm tractors as well as devices that would not conventionally be considered to be “tractors”. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such modifications as would be obvious to one skilled in the art are intended to included within the scope of the following claims.",
"response": "The present invention introduces a powered rolling and crimping device designed to mechanically terminate cover crops. Cover crops play a vital role in soil conservation systems, but their termination is necessary for the successful growth of new crops. Traditional methods involving herbicides have limitations, such as chemical run-off and interference with planting. The proposed device, compatible with small-scale organic farming operations, consists of a power source, lifting assembly, crimping bar, and crop roller. The device effectively rolls over and crimps cover crops, preparing the field for the next cycle of crops. Various modifications and applications are possible, making it highly versatile in agricultural settings."
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FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to cervical traction devices and in particular relates to such devices that are inflatable and adapted to receive a replaceable insert for removing heat from the neck region during the traction thereof.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Inflatable traction devices for the neck of a user are available and a number of these traction devices include inflatable bladders that are applied about the neck of a user and are inflated to provide some separation between the cervical joints. These devices have been of assistance to a number of users to provide some expansion of the joints.
[0003] One of the benefits of this system is the convenience thereof allowing a user to use the device at his own convenience and to also vary the time that the device is worn.
[0004] The present invention significantly improves the utility of the cervical traction device by providing a structure where a cold pack can be inserted into the cervical device to additionally provide cooling to the neck region during the use of the cervical traction device. Such cooling reduces swelling and therefore provides a secondary effect in the treatment of any neck injuries. The pneumatic cervical traction device is adapted to accommodate a cooling pack and to modify the pressure applied in the region of the cooling pack due to a shaping of the bladder adjacent the cooling pack.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0005] A cervical traction device according to the present invention includes an inflatable bladder shaped for application about the neck of a user and a pump for inflating and maintaining an inflated state of said bladder. The cervical traction device, on an interior surface, includes a removable therapeutic thermal pack supported in a thermal transfer position with a user's neck during use of said device.
[0006] According to an aspect of the invention, the traction device includes a releasable fastener for securing the bladder about the neck during inflation of the bladder.
[0007] According to an aspect of the invention, the inflatable bladder is shaped to define a recessed pocket sized to receive the removable therapeutic thermal pack.
[0008] In a further aspect of the invention, the bladder includes 3 distinct interconnected inflatable tubes stacked one above the other with the intermediate tube being of a reduced size to define the recessed pocket on the interior surface of the device.
[0009] According to an aspect of the invention, the device includes a separate fabric member releasably secured to the device in front of the therapeutic thermal pack that allows thermal transfer therethrough.
[0010] In a preferred aspect of the invention, the therapeutic thermal pack is elongate and is centrally disposed intermediate two opposed ends of said bladder.
[0011] In an aspect of the invention, the 3 tubes of the bladder are maintained within a cover having an enclosure for each tube with the enclosure of the intermediate tube being of reduced size to form a recessed pocket in front of the intermediate tube. The enclosure for each of the remaining tubes forms a top and bottom boundary of the recessed pocket.
[0012] In a further aspect of the invention, the enclosures of the remaining tubes include a releasable fastener for securing a separate fabric member positioned in front of the therapeutic thermal pack.
[0013] A cervical traction device, in a preferred aspect of the invention, comprises an inflatable bladder shaped for application about the neck of a user with a securement arrangement for maintaining the bladder about the neck during inflation of the bladder in combination with an arrangement for inflating and maintaining an inflated state of the bladder. The cervical traction device includes, on an interior surface thereof, an elongate recessed pocket sized to receive a removable gel pack and an elongate thermal pack is removably received in the recessed pocket in a position of thermal contact with a user's neck during traction of the neck by inflation of the device.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0014] Preferred embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, wherein:
[0015] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the cervical traction device being worn by a user;
[0016] FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view showing the cervical traction device and the replaceable cooling pack insertable into the device;
[0017] FIG. 3 is a cross sectional device of the cervical traction device without the cold pack insert;
[0018] FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 3 with the cold pack inserted in the cervical traction device;
[0019] FIG. 5 is a top view of the cervical traction device showing the top inflatable region in combination with a recessed center inflatable region adapted to receive the cold pack;
[0020] FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIG. 5 however the cervical traction device is in an inflated state;
[0021] FIG. 7 is a partial perspective cutaway view showing the cervical traction device in an inflated state with a cold pack inserted therein;
[0022] FIG. 8 shows the cervical traction device in an inflated state without the cold pack; and
[0023] FIG. 9 is a partial perspective cutaway view of an alternate embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0024] The cervical traction device 2 preferably includes a series of inflatable regions indicated as 4 , 6 and 8 . These inflatable regions expand and contract by manipulation of the air pump 20 in combination with the open/close valve 22 .
[0025] The traction device 2 includes front fasteners 12 and 14 for applying the device about the neck of a user essentially in a non-inflated state and the device is then inflated to apply an upward force and extension of the cervical portion of the neck. Air conduit 24 effectively connects to the inflatable bladders 4 a, 6 a and 8 a, shown in FIG. 3 . These inflatable bladders are interconnected by the connecting tubes 44 . Other arrangements including a manifold can be used for inflating the bladders.
[0026] As shown in FIGS. 3 , 4 , 5 and 6 , the inflatable bladder 6 a is of a smaller size on the interior surface 11 of the cervical traction device 2 . This reduction in size forms a recessed pocket 34 that is sized for receiving the replaceable cold pack 30 . This cold pack can be taken from the freezer and inserted into the recessed pocket 34 and heat is removed from the neck surface of the user adjacent the spinal column. This will reduce swelling in the region and the cervical traction device when inflated causes expansion of the particular joints.
[0027] Although a cold pack 30 is described, other therapeutic packs can be used including a gel heat applying pack or other known therapeutic packs typically for applying or removing heat with or without a moisture component.
[0028] As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 , the inflatable bladder 6 a is of a reduced width and as such each of the inflatable bladders 4 a and 8 a extend to the position as generally shown by bladder 8 a in the Figures. When the cervical traction device 2 is inflated as shown in FIG. 6 , the recessed pocket 34 reduces in size, however there still is substantial space to retain the cold pack 30 that is less compressible. The cold pack is then pressed by the inflated bladder against the user's neck and is pressed either side of the spine. The user can vary the inflation of the device to achieve a desired extension of the cervical spine in combination with a pressure force pushing the cold pack against the neck of the user.
[0029] Preferably, as shown in FIG. 7 , a removable cover 40 is attached either side of the central inflatable region 6 and this cover separates the outer surface of the cold pack from the skin of the user. The cover is removable to allow for convenient cleaning thereof and to also allow convenient insertion of the cold pack into the recess 34 .
[0030] As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 , the inflatable regions 4 , 6 and 8 include a sewn cover 50 which includes essentially three sleeves for receiving the inflatable bladders 4 a, 6 a and 8 a, in the cervical traction device and the user does not have access to these bladders. The recessed pocket 34 is exterior to the cover 50 that is also shaped to conform with the configuration of the smaller inflatable bladder 6 a. As seen in FIGS. 7 and 8 the cover 50 is shaped to closely fit the bladder 6 and define the recessed pocket 34 . In FIG. 8 the bladder 6 is further reduced in size to increase the size of the recessed pocket 34 .
[0031] It has been found that this particular cervical traction device that is able to apply heat or cold to the neck region of the user during the expansion of the neck, is advantageous and beneficial. The provision of adapting the central inflatable bladder to define a recessed region between the upper inflatable bladder and a lower inflatable bladder applies heat or cold to the user at a central region and effectively cools or heats a somewhat larger area. The therapeutic pack located between upper and lower bladders 4 a and 8 a is somewhat isolated by the bladders and concentrates the treatment to a desired region.
[0032] As can be appreciated, if the user does not wish to apply heat or cold in a particular session the cold pack can remain in place if it is effectively at room temperature which would be close to the skin temperature of the user. Even if the cold pack is removed the central inflatable bladder 6 a will partially expand into the recessed area and upwardly to provide the desired traction. Recessing of the therapeutic pack provides the same fit or comfort of the traction device. The pressure exerted by the therapeutic pack on the neck of the user is similar to the pressure exerted by adjacent bladders.
[0033] The recessing in the middle bladder is preferably quite substantial (40 to 60% of the depth of the upper or lower bladders). With this recessed arrangement the recessed bladder and therapeutic pack cooperate to provide traction, temperature therapy and generally consistent pressure (for comfort to the user). Without the recess, the traction device does not sit in the preferred position and the therapeutic pack provides an excessive pressure point or ridge rendering the traction device less effective.
[0034] In a modified embodiment both the intermediate bladder 6 a and the lower bladder 4 a are recessed to receive a therapeutic pack. The upper bladder remains without a recess to provide effective engagement of the head to provide traction. The lower bladder 4 a preferably is not recessed in the area where the bladder engages the shoulders of a user. One or more therapeutic packs can be used and the shape thereof will provide an appropriate fit in the recessed pockets. It is preferable that the lower bladder when inflated engages the neck of the user beneath the therapeutic pack.
[0035] With the present structure a series of bladders and covers cooperate to releasably receive a therapeutic pack on an interior surface for thermal contact with the neck of a user when the bladders are inflated. The preferred structure uses 3 bladders with a center bladder at the interior surface of a reduced depth to define a pocket or cavity for the therapeutic pack. Other arrangements are possible to desirably position and return the therapeutic pack or packs at the desired position will still providing the traction device to operate in its intended manner.
[0036] In the alternate traction 2 a of FIG. 9 the inflatable regions 4 a, 6 a and 8 a extend forwardly beneath a user's chin as generally shown. As in the earlier embodiment the inflatable region 6 a is of reduced size.
[0037] In the embodiment shown, region 6 a beneath the chin of a user has a gap relative to the inside edges of upper region 8 a and lower region 4 a. This additional space exerts less pressure on the wearer's neck at the adam's apple region. The reduction in size and offsetting still allows effective traction while being more comfortable to use.
[0038] A further feature of the traction device is the accommodation of the thermal pads 30 a and the concentration thereof adjacent to the inflatable region 6 a. This arrangement provides additional thermal mass in the center region of the inflatable regions for cooling or heating of a user's neck. With this arrangement the desired cooling or heating effect will remain effective for an additional time and be applied to the desired area. The upper and lower regions when inflated assist in limiting the flow of the gel material upwardly or downwardly.
[0039] A number of embodiments of the present invention have been described herein in detail, however it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, that further variations are possible that utilize the principles disclosed herein. | A cervical traction device advantageously includes a therapeutic pack that can be separately heated or chilled for use with the device. The most common application is a cold pack insertable in a recessed pocket of the device to provide cold therapy as the device is inflated during cervical decompression. The structure preferably includes a series of bladders that cooperate to define a cavity for accepting the therapeutic pack on an inside surface for thermal exchange with the neck of a user. | The present invention relates to an improved cervical traction device that includes an inflatable bladder for application around the neck and a removable thermal pack for cooling the neck during traction. The device allows for convenient use and variation in wearing time. The bladder is shaped to accommodate the thermal pack and modify pressure in the region. The device also includes a releasable fastener, a recessed pocket for the thermal pack, and a separate fabric member for thermal transfer. The invention improves the utility of cervical traction devices by providing cooling and reducing swelling in the neck region during use. | {
"name": "Irftc",
"display_name": "Faithfulness",
"data": {
"query": "Summarize the context",
"context": "FIELD OF THE INVENTION \n [0001] The present invention relates to cervical traction devices and in particular relates to such devices that are inflatable and adapted to receive a replaceable insert for removing heat from the neck region during the traction thereof. \n BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION \n [0002] Inflatable traction devices for the neck of a user are available and a number of these traction devices include inflatable bladders that are applied about the neck of a user and are inflated to provide some separation between the cervical joints. These devices have been of assistance to a number of users to provide some expansion of the joints. \n [0003] One of the benefits of this system is the convenience thereof allowing a user to use the device at his own convenience and to also vary the time that the device is worn. \n [0004] The present invention significantly improves the utility of the cervical traction device by providing a structure where a cold pack can be inserted into the cervical device to additionally provide cooling to the neck region during the use of the cervical traction device. Such cooling reduces swelling and therefore provides a secondary effect in the treatment of any neck injuries. The pneumatic cervical traction device is adapted to accommodate a cooling pack and to modify the pressure applied in the region of the cooling pack due to a shaping of the bladder adjacent the cooling pack. \n SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION \n [0005] A cervical traction device according to the present invention includes an inflatable bladder shaped for application about the neck of a user and a pump for inflating and maintaining an inflated state of said bladder. The cervical traction device, on an interior surface, includes a removable therapeutic thermal pack supported in a thermal transfer position with a user's neck during use of said device. \n [0006] According to an aspect of the invention, the traction device includes a releasable fastener for securing the bladder about the neck during inflation of the bladder. \n [0007] According to an aspect of the invention, the inflatable bladder is shaped to define a recessed pocket sized to receive the removable therapeutic thermal pack. \n [0008] In a further aspect of the invention, the bladder includes 3 distinct interconnected inflatable tubes stacked one above the other with the intermediate tube being of a reduced size to define the recessed pocket on the interior surface of the device. \n [0009] According to an aspect of the invention, the device includes a separate fabric member releasably secured to the device in front of the therapeutic thermal pack that allows thermal transfer therethrough. \n [0010] In a preferred aspect of the invention, the therapeutic thermal pack is elongate and is centrally disposed intermediate two opposed ends of said bladder. \n [0011] In an aspect of the invention, the 3 tubes of the bladder are maintained within a cover having an enclosure for each tube with the enclosure of the intermediate tube being of reduced size to form a recessed pocket in front of the intermediate tube. The enclosure for each of the remaining tubes forms a top and bottom boundary of the recessed pocket. \n [0012] In a further aspect of the invention, the enclosures of the remaining tubes include a releasable fastener for securing a separate fabric member positioned in front of the therapeutic thermal pack. \n [0013] A cervical traction device, in a preferred aspect of the invention, comprises an inflatable bladder shaped for application about the neck of a user with a securement arrangement for maintaining the bladder about the neck during inflation of the bladder in combination with an arrangement for inflating and maintaining an inflated state of the bladder. The cervical traction device includes, on an interior surface thereof, an elongate recessed pocket sized to receive a removable gel pack and an elongate thermal pack is removably received in the recessed pocket in a position of thermal contact with a user's neck during traction of the neck by inflation of the device. \n \n \n \n BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS \n [0014] Preferred embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, wherein: \n [0015] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the cervical traction device being worn by a user; \n [0016] FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view showing the cervical traction device and the replaceable cooling pack insertable into the device; \n [0017] FIG. 3 is a cross sectional device of the cervical traction device without the cold pack insert; \n [0018] FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 3 with the cold pack inserted in the cervical traction device; \n [0019] FIG. 5 is a top view of the cervical traction device showing the top inflatable region in combination with a recessed center inflatable region adapted to receive the cold pack; \n [0020] FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIG. 5 however the cervical traction device is in an inflated state; \n [0021] FIG. 7 is a partial perspective cutaway view showing the cervical traction device in an inflated state with a cold pack inserted therein; \n [0022] FIG. 8 shows the cervical traction device in an inflated state without the cold pack; and \n [0023] FIG. 9 is a partial perspective cutaway view of an alternate embodiment. \n \n \n \n DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS \n [0024] The cervical traction device 2 preferably includes a series of inflatable regions indicated as 4 , 6 and 8 . These inflatable regions expand and contract by manipulation of the air pump 20 in combination with the open/close valve 22 . \n [0025] The traction device 2 includes front fasteners 12 and 14 for applying the device about the neck of a user essentially in a non-inflated state and the device is then inflated to apply an upward force and extension of the cervical portion of the neck. Air conduit 24 effectively connects to the inflatable bladders 4 a, 6 a and 8 a, shown in FIG. 3 . These inflatable bladders are interconnected by the connecting tubes 44 . Other arrangements including a manifold can be used for inflating the bladders. \n [0026] As shown in FIGS. 3 , 4 , 5 and 6 , the inflatable bladder 6 a is of a smaller size on the interior surface 11 of the cervical traction device 2 . This reduction in size forms a recessed pocket 34 that is sized for receiving the replaceable cold pack 30 . This cold pack can be taken from the freezer and inserted into the recessed pocket 34 and heat is removed from the neck surface of the user adjacent the spinal column. This will reduce swelling in the region and the cervical traction device when inflated causes expansion of the particular joints. \n [0027] Although a cold pack 30 is described, other therapeutic packs can be used including a gel heat applying pack or other known therapeutic packs typically for applying or removing heat with or without a moisture component. \n [0028] As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 , the inflatable bladder 6 a is of a reduced width and as such each of the inflatable bladders 4 a and 8 a extend to the position as generally shown by bladder 8 a in the Figures. When the cervical traction device 2 is inflated as shown in FIG. 6 , the recessed pocket 34 reduces in size, however there still is substantial space to retain the cold pack 30 that is less compressible. The cold pack is then pressed by the inflated bladder against the user's neck and is pressed either side of the spine. The user can vary the inflation of the device to achieve a desired extension of the cervical spine in combination with a pressure force pushing the cold pack against the neck of the user. \n [0029] Preferably, as shown in FIG. 7 , a removable cover 40 is attached either side of the central inflatable region 6 and this cover separates the outer surface of the cold pack from the skin of the user. The cover is removable to allow for convenient cleaning thereof and to also allow convenient insertion of the cold pack into the recess 34 . \n [0030] As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 , the inflatable regions 4 , 6 and 8 include a sewn cover 50 which includes essentially three sleeves for receiving the inflatable bladders 4 a, 6 a and 8 a, in the cervical traction device and the user does not have access to these bladders. The recessed pocket 34 is exterior to the cover 50 that is also shaped to conform with the configuration of the smaller inflatable bladder 6 a. As seen in FIGS. 7 and 8 the cover 50 is shaped to closely fit the bladder 6 and define the recessed pocket 34 . In FIG. 8 the bladder 6 is further reduced in size to increase the size of the recessed pocket 34 . \n [0031] It has been found that this particular cervical traction device that is able to apply heat or cold to the neck region of the user during the expansion of the neck, is advantageous and beneficial. The provision of adapting the central inflatable bladder to define a recessed region between the upper inflatable bladder and a lower inflatable bladder applies heat or cold to the user at a central region and effectively cools or heats a somewhat larger area. The therapeutic pack located between upper and lower bladders 4 a and 8 a is somewhat isolated by the bladders and concentrates the treatment to a desired region. \n [0032] As can be appreciated, if the user does not wish to apply heat or cold in a particular session the cold pack can remain in place if it is effectively at room temperature which would be close to the skin temperature of the user. Even if the cold pack is removed the central inflatable bladder 6 a will partially expand into the recessed area and upwardly to provide the desired traction. Recessing of the therapeutic pack provides the same fit or comfort of the traction device. The pressure exerted by the therapeutic pack on the neck of the user is similar to the pressure exerted by adjacent bladders. \n [0033] The recessing in the middle bladder is preferably quite substantial (40 to 60% of the depth of the upper or lower bladders). With this recessed arrangement the recessed bladder and therapeutic pack cooperate to provide traction, temperature therapy and generally consistent pressure (for comfort to the user). Without the recess, the traction device does not sit in the preferred position and the therapeutic pack provides an excessive pressure point or ridge rendering the traction device less effective. \n [0034] In a modified embodiment both the intermediate bladder 6 a and the lower bladder 4 a are recessed to receive a therapeutic pack. The upper bladder remains without a recess to provide effective engagement of the head to provide traction. The lower bladder 4 a preferably is not recessed in the area where the bladder engages the shoulders of a user. One or more therapeutic packs can be used and the shape thereof will provide an appropriate fit in the recessed pockets. It is preferable that the lower bladder when inflated engages the neck of the user beneath the therapeutic pack. \n [0035] With the present structure a series of bladders and covers cooperate to releasably receive a therapeutic pack on an interior surface for thermal contact with the neck of a user when the bladders are inflated. The preferred structure uses 3 bladders with a center bladder at the interior surface of a reduced depth to define a pocket or cavity for the therapeutic pack. Other arrangements are possible to desirably position and return the therapeutic pack or packs at the desired position will still providing the traction device to operate in its intended manner. \n [0036] In the alternate traction 2 a of FIG. 9 the inflatable regions 4 a, 6 a and 8 a extend forwardly beneath a user's chin as generally shown. As in the earlier embodiment the inflatable region 6 a is of reduced size. \n [0037] In the embodiment shown, region 6 a beneath the chin of a user has a gap relative to the inside edges of upper region 8 a and lower region 4 a. This additional space exerts less pressure on the wearer's neck at the adam's apple region. The reduction in size and offsetting still allows effective traction while being more comfortable to use. \n [0038] A further feature of the traction device is the accommodation of the thermal pads 30 a and the concentration thereof adjacent to the inflatable region 6 a. This arrangement provides additional thermal mass in the center region of the inflatable regions for cooling or heating of a user's neck. With this arrangement the desired cooling or heating effect will remain effective for an additional time and be applied to the desired area. The upper and lower regions when inflated assist in limiting the flow of the gel material upwardly or downwardly. \n [0039] A number of embodiments of the present invention have been described herein in detail, however it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, that further variations are possible that utilize the principles disclosed herein.",
"response": "The present invention relates to an improved cervical traction device that includes an inflatable bladder for application around the neck and a removable thermal pack for cooling the neck during traction. The device allows for convenient use and variation in wearing time. The bladder is shaped to accommodate the thermal pack and modify pressure in the region. The device also includes a releasable fastener, a recessed pocket for the thermal pack, and a separate fabric member for thermal transfer. The invention improves the utility of cervical traction devices by providing cooling and reducing swelling in the neck region during use."
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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to an animal bed or cot for dogs or other small animals and more particularly to an animal bed or cot having fabric upon which the dog or other animal rests and wherein the fabric is inaccessible to chewing.
The flooring in most kennels is concrete, wood, vinyl or other hard surface which is often uncomfortable for animals. The lack of a soft resting place can also aggravate arthritic conditions and other joint problems, including hip dysplasia. The lack of a soft resting place can also cause calluses and wear the hair off of elbows, which is a particular problem for show dog owners.
It is, therefore, desirable to provide comfortable bedding for dogs or other animals. It is well known, however, among boarding kennel operators, dog breeders, veterinarians, show dog and hunting dog owners, and anyone who keeps dogs in a kennel type enclosure, that dogs so confined will frequently chew or attempt to tear apart whatever type of bedding or material is put into the enclosure to provide for their comfort and warmth. In particular, young dogs and, within certain breeds, dogs of all ages may attempt to rip apart anything within their reach, whether soft or hard. Thus, many dogs will destroy that which is there for their own comfort.
If towels, carpets, blankets or similar material is used for bedding in a kennel, they must be laundered frequently. In the case of boarding kennels, bedding must be laundered daily. In a kennel with a large number of enclosures, commercial grade washing and drying equipment is often required.
It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide a soft resting place on a bed-type apparatus wherein the fabric upon which the dog or other animal rests is virtually impossible to chew or to be torn apart by the animal's teeth.
Another object is to provide an animal bed or cot which is protected from chewing by the dog or other animal and which needs replacing far less often than a non-protected bed or cot.
A further object of the invention is the provision of an animal bed or cot for dogs or other animals which is easy to maintain and clean at a lower cost than conventional animal bedding.
Still another object is to provide an animal bed or cot which can be quickly and easily washed or cleaned without being disassembled by using a hose or pail of water with a brush and detergent.
Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objects and advantages are realized and attained by means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
To achieve these and other objects, the present invention provides an animal bed or cot, comprising: a plurality of rigid, hollow, tubular elements or pipes of predetermined lengths, each of the tubular elements or pipes defining first and second ends and a first slitted opening of predetermined width extending substantially along the entire length of each of the tubular elements between the first and second ends; a fabric support defining a plurality of edges and defining a thickness less than the predetermined width of the slitted openings; a plurality of elongated members, rods or ropes positioned in predetermined relationship, respectively, with each of the support edges, each of the elongated members defining a thickness greater than the predetermined width of the slitted openings; the elongated members positioned, respectively, within the hollow, tubular elements or pipes with the fabric support in a substantially flat shape and with the fabric support extending through the slitted openings; and means, such as three-way elbow fittings, connected to the tubular elements or pipes for supporting the bed on a floor or other horizontal surface.
To further achieve these and other objects, the present invention may also provide for an animal bed including: a plurality of hollow, tubular sleeve members or awning tracks of predetermined lengths, one each positioned within and connected to each of the hollow, tubular elements or pipes; each of the sleeve members or awning tracks defining a second slitted opening of predetermined width extending substantially along the entire length of each of the sleeve members or awning tracks; the second slitted openings of the sleeve members or awning tracks positioned in substantial alignment with respective of the first slitted openings of the tubular elements or pipes; and the elongated members, rods or ropes positioned within the sleeve members or awning tracks with the fabric support extending through the first and second slitted openings.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory but are not restrictive of the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate a preferred embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the animal bed;
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary perspective view showing a corner of the bed, partially disassembled;
FIG. 3 is a top plan view of one embodiment of the support used with the bed;
FIG. 4 is a top plan view of another embodiment of the support used with the bed;
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view taken along the line 5--5 in FIG. 1 and looking in the direction of the arrows;
FIG. 6 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view taken along the line 6--6 in FIG. 1 and looking in the direction of the arrows;
FIG. 7 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view taken along the line 7--7 in FIG. 1 and looking in the direction of the arrows;
FIG. 8 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view taken along the line 8--8 in FIG. 1 and looking in the direction of the arrows;
FIG. 9 is a fragmentary perspective view of a corner of the bed; and
FIG. 10 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view taken along the line 5--5 in FIG. 1 and looking in the direction of the arrows showing an alternative configuration of the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
With reference now to the drawings, wherein like reference characters designate like or corresponding parts throughout the several views, there is shown an animal bed or cot 10 which includes a plurality of rigid, hollow, tubular elements or pipes 12, 14, 16, 18 of predetermined lengths. Each of tubular elements 12-18 defines first and second ends 12', 12"; 14', 14"; 16', 16"; and 18', 18", respectively. Each of tubular elements or pipes also defines a narrow slitted opening 20, 22, 24, 26, respectively, of predetermined width extending along the entire length of each of tubular elements or pipes 12-18.
Bed 10 further includes a support 28 defining a plurality of edges 30, 32, 34, 36 and defining a thickness less than the width of openings 20-26.
Bed 10 also includes a plurality of elongated members 38, 40, 42, 44 positioned in predetermined relationship, respectively, with each of support edges 30-36. Each of elongated members 38-44 defines a thickness greater than the width of slitted openings 20-26.
Elongated members 38-44 are positioned, respectively, within hollow, tubular elements 12-18 with support 28 in a flat shape and with support 28 extending through slitted openings 20-26.
Bed 10 further includes means 46, 48, 50, 52 connected to tubular elements or pipes 12-18 for supporting bed 10 on a floor or other horizontal surface.
A preferred embodiment of animal bed 10 further includes a plurality of hollow, tubular sleeve members or awning tracks 54, 56, 58, 60 of predetermined lengths, one each positioned within and connected to each of hollow, tubular elements or pipes 12-18, respectively. Each of sleeve members or awning tracks 54-60 defines a second slitted opening 20', 22', 24', 26', respectively, of predetermined width which extends along the entire length of each of sleeve members 54-60. Slitted openings 20'-26' are positioned in alignment with respective of slitted openings 20-26, (see FIGS. 5-8) and elongated members 38-44 are positioned within sleeve members 54-60, respectively, with support 28 extending through first and second slitted openings 20-26 and 20'-26'.
Sleeve members or awning tracks 54-60 and tubular elements or pipes 12-18 are rigid and are comprised of metal, such as aluminum, or plastic, such as polyvinylchloride. Tubular elements 12-18 having sleeve members 54-60 positioned as described within the tubular elements are conventionally known awning tracks. One example of such an awning track is sold by Taco Metals as part no. A42-0140, which is a one inch schedule forty aluminum pipe with awning track.
Supporting means 46-52 each includes means 62, 64, 66, 68 for removably receiving and holding tubular elements 12-18 therein. Supporting means 46-52 also include supporting legs 70, 72, 74, 76, each of legs 70-76 conventionally connected to one of receiving and holding means 62-68, respectively.
In accordance with the invention, each of receiving and holding means 62-68 defines additional slitted openings 78, 80, 82, 84 which are in alignment with adjacent ones of slitted openings 20-26 and 20'-26'. Support 28 extends through slitted openings 20-26, 20'-26' and 78-84.
Further in accordance with the invention, bed 10 includes means 86, 88, 90, 92 in operative relationship with tubular elements 12-18 and with receiving and holding means 62-68 for fastening predetermined of tubular elements 12-18 to predetermined of receiving and holding means 62-68, as illustrated in the drawings. Fastening means 86-92 are preferably threaded bolts 94, 96, 98, 100 and nuts 102, 104, 106, 108.
Each of receiving and holding means 62-68 is identical, and the specific configuration and connections will be discussed herein only with respect to receiving and holding means 68, shown in FIG. 9. Receiving and holding means 68 includes an upper elbow element 110 and a lower elbow element 112 which when positioned together form circular openings 114, 116 for receiving tubular elements or pipes 16, 14, respectively, therein. Each of tubular elements or pipes 12-18 defines adjacent to each end thereof two diametrically opposed apertures 12'", 14'", 16'", 18'", respectively, (a total of four apertures in each of tubular elements 12-18). Bolts 100 are positioned through opposed apertures 110', 112' within receiving and holding means 68 and through two diametrically opposed apertures 14'", and through two diametrically opposed apertures 16'" within each of tubular elements 14, 16 when bed 10 is assembled. Nuts 108 are threaded onto ends of bolts 100 to tighten the bolts in position. (See FIG. 7).
Receiving and holding means 62-68 are preferably three-way elbow fittings. Supporting legs 70-76 fit into the vertical receptacles of the three-way fittings, and tubular elements or pipes 12-18 fit into the two horizontal receptacles of the three-way fittings. (See FIG. 9).
In accordance with the invention, each of support edges 30-36 defines an elongated, hollow tube 30', 32', 34', 36', respectively, and elongated members 38-44 are positioned, respectively, within tubes 30'-36'. Elongated members 38-44 may be plastic or metal rods (plastic is preferred) which slideably are fitted into and through tubes 30'-36'. Alternatively, elongated members 38'-44' are preferably ropes which are sewn or otherwise attached into hollow tubes 30'-36' (see FIG. 4). For economy of manufacture, the ropes may be sewn or otherwise attached to outer edges of fabric support 28 without requiring use of tubes 30'-36'.
Support 28 is preferably a flexible fabric, such as a thin canvas type material which is easily cleaned and durable.
The frame formed by tubular elements or pipes 12-18 is preferably rectangular in shape, but other shapes can be used. When the frame is rectangular in shape and when elongated members 38-44 are plastic rods, it is preferred that two opposed ones of the plastic rods 38, 40 be of sufficient length to contact inside surfaces of three-way elbow fittings 62, 64 and 66, 68, respectively. Thus, rods 38, 40 are held in fixed position when the frame has been assembled. Plastic rods 42, 44 are preferably of lengths to abut rods 38, 40 to keep rods 42, 44 in fixed position between rods 38, 40 when the frame has been assembled. See FIGS. 2 and 3.
The chew proof feature of bed 10 is achieved by holding fabric support 28 in position from the inside of pipes 12-18 in a manner similar to the way a mainsail attaches to the boom or mast on a sail boat. Fabric 28 is inaccessible to chewing by dogs or other pets instead of having fabric support 28 looped around the outside of frame pipes 12-18.
When bed 10 is assembled, fabric 28 is held fast in a flat, taut, horizontal position. The diameter of pipes 12-18 is of sufficient size to make it virtually impossible for a dog or other pet to get its mouth around the frame or pipes 12-18 and into fabric 28. For example, the outside diameter of pipes 12-18 may preferably be from one and one-half inches to one and three-quarters inches. The configuration of bed 10 also enables fabric 28 to fit completely inside three-way corner elbow fittings 62-68 so there are no open gaps between fabric 28 and the frame formed by pipes 12-18 to allow a dog to bite the fabric.
FIG. 10 shows an alternate configuration of the invention wherein sleeve members 54-60 are eliminated. It is preferred, however, that sleeve members 54-60 be included to provide greater rigidity and stability to tubular elements 12-18.
The invention in its broader aspects is not limited to the specific details shown and described, and departures may be made from such details without departing from the principles of the invention and without sacrificing its chief advantages. | An animal bed or cot for dogs or other pets includes a frame-supported fabric upon which the dog rests. The frame includes a plurality of pipes connected together at corners by three-way elbow fittings. Each frame pipe defines a narrow slit with an interior awning track extending along the length of each pipe. The fabric is inaccessible to chewing by attachment of the fabric to the awning tracks inside of the pipes. The diameter of the frame pipes is sized to prevent a dog from getting its mouth around the frame pipes and into the fabric. The fabric also fits inside of the elbow fittings so there are no open gaps between the frame and fabric to permit a dog to bite the fabric. | This paper presents an invention for an animal bed or cot designed specifically for dogs or other small animals. The bed features a fabric support that is inaccessible to chewing, addressing the problem of dogs destroying their bedding. The lack of a soft resting place in traditional kennels can lead to discomfort and health issues for animals. The proposed bed provides a comfortable and chew-proof resting place, reducing the need for frequent replacement and laundering. The bed is easy to clean and maintain, and can be quickly washed without disassembly. The design incorporates rigid, hollow, tubular elements and a fabric support, with elongated members positioned within the tubular elements. The bed is supported by means of three-way elbow fittings connected to the tubular elements. Additional features, configurations, and advantages of the invention are described in detail. | {
"name": "Irftc",
"display_name": "Faithfulness",
"data": {
"query": "Summarize the context",
"context": "BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION \n This invention relates to an animal bed or cot for dogs or other small animals and more particularly to an animal bed or cot having fabric upon which the dog or other animal rests and wherein the fabric is inaccessible to chewing. \n The flooring in most kennels is concrete, wood, vinyl or other hard surface which is often uncomfortable for animals. The lack of a soft resting place can also aggravate arthritic conditions and other joint problems, including hip dysplasia. The lack of a soft resting place can also cause calluses and wear the hair off of elbows, which is a particular problem for show dog owners. \n It is, therefore, desirable to provide comfortable bedding for dogs or other animals. It is well known, however, among boarding kennel operators, dog breeders, veterinarians, show dog and hunting dog owners, and anyone who keeps dogs in a kennel type enclosure, that dogs so confined will frequently chew or attempt to tear apart whatever type of bedding or material is put into the enclosure to provide for their comfort and warmth. In particular, young dogs and, within certain breeds, dogs of all ages may attempt to rip apart anything within their reach, whether soft or hard. Thus, many dogs will destroy that which is there for their own comfort. \n If towels, carpets, blankets or similar material is used for bedding in a kennel, they must be laundered frequently. In the case of boarding kennels, bedding must be laundered daily. In a kennel with a large number of enclosures, commercial grade washing and drying equipment is often required. \n It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide a soft resting place on a bed-type apparatus wherein the fabric upon which the dog or other animal rests is virtually impossible to chew or to be torn apart by the animal's teeth. \n Another object is to provide an animal bed or cot which is protected from chewing by the dog or other animal and which needs replacing far less often than a non-protected bed or cot. \n A further object of the invention is the provision of an animal bed or cot for dogs or other animals which is easy to maintain and clean at a lower cost than conventional animal bedding. \n Still another object is to provide an animal bed or cot which can be quickly and easily washed or cleaned without being disassembled by using a hose or pail of water with a brush and detergent. \n Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objects and advantages are realized and attained by means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims. \n SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION \n To achieve these and other objects, the present invention provides an animal bed or cot, comprising: a plurality of rigid, hollow, tubular elements or pipes of predetermined lengths, each of the tubular elements or pipes defining first and second ends and a first slitted opening of predetermined width extending substantially along the entire length of each of the tubular elements between the first and second ends; a fabric support defining a plurality of edges and defining a thickness less than the predetermined width of the slitted openings; a plurality of elongated members, rods or ropes positioned in predetermined relationship, respectively, with each of the support edges, each of the elongated members defining a thickness greater than the predetermined width of the slitted openings; the elongated members positioned, respectively, within the hollow, tubular elements or pipes with the fabric support in a substantially flat shape and with the fabric support extending through the slitted openings; and means, such as three-way elbow fittings, connected to the tubular elements or pipes for supporting the bed on a floor or other horizontal surface. \n To further achieve these and other objects, the present invention may also provide for an animal bed including: a plurality of hollow, tubular sleeve members or awning tracks of predetermined lengths, one each positioned within and connected to each of the hollow, tubular elements or pipes; each of the sleeve members or awning tracks defining a second slitted opening of predetermined width extending substantially along the entire length of each of the sleeve members or awning tracks; the second slitted openings of the sleeve members or awning tracks positioned in substantial alignment with respective of the first slitted openings of the tubular elements or pipes; and the elongated members, rods or ropes positioned within the sleeve members or awning tracks with the fabric support extending through the first and second slitted openings. \n It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory but are not restrictive of the invention. \n \n \n BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS \n The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate a preferred embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. \n FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the animal bed; \n FIG. 2 is a fragmentary perspective view showing a corner of the bed, partially disassembled; \n FIG. 3 is a top plan view of one embodiment of the support used with the bed; \n FIG. 4 is a top plan view of another embodiment of the support used with the bed; \n FIG. 5 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view taken along the line 5--5 in FIG. 1 and looking in the direction of the arrows; \n FIG. 6 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view taken along the line 6--6 in FIG. 1 and looking in the direction of the arrows; \n FIG. 7 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view taken along the line 7--7 in FIG. 1 and looking in the direction of the arrows; \n FIG. 8 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view taken along the line 8--8 in FIG. 1 and looking in the direction of the arrows; \n FIG. 9 is a fragmentary perspective view of a corner of the bed; and \n FIG. 10 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view taken along the line 5--5 in FIG. 1 and looking in the direction of the arrows showing an alternative configuration of the invention. \n \n \n DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT \n With reference now to the drawings, wherein like reference characters designate like or corresponding parts throughout the several views, there is shown an animal bed or cot 10 which includes a plurality of rigid, hollow, tubular elements or pipes 12, 14, 16, 18 of predetermined lengths. Each of tubular elements 12-18 defines first and second ends 12', 12"; 14', 14"; 16', 16"; and 18', 18", respectively. Each of tubular elements or pipes also defines a narrow slitted opening 20, 22, 24, 26, respectively, of predetermined width extending along the entire length of each of tubular elements or pipes 12-18. \n Bed 10 further includes a support 28 defining a plurality of edges 30, 32, 34, 36 and defining a thickness less than the width of openings 20-26. \n Bed 10 also includes a plurality of elongated members 38, 40, 42, 44 positioned in predetermined relationship, respectively, with each of support edges 30-36. Each of elongated members 38-44 defines a thickness greater than the width of slitted openings 20-26. \n Elongated members 38-44 are positioned, respectively, within hollow, tubular elements 12-18 with support 28 in a flat shape and with support 28 extending through slitted openings 20-26. \n Bed 10 further includes means 46, 48, 50, 52 connected to tubular elements or pipes 12-18 for supporting bed 10 on a floor or other horizontal surface. \n A preferred embodiment of animal bed 10 further includes a plurality of hollow, tubular sleeve members or awning tracks 54, 56, 58, 60 of predetermined lengths, one each positioned within and connected to each of hollow, tubular elements or pipes 12-18, respectively. Each of sleeve members or awning tracks 54-60 defines a second slitted opening 20', 22', 24', 26', respectively, of predetermined width which extends along the entire length of each of sleeve members 54-60. Slitted openings 20'-26' are positioned in alignment with respective of slitted openings 20-26, (see FIGS. 5-8) and elongated members 38-44 are positioned within sleeve members 54-60, respectively, with support 28 extending through first and second slitted openings 20-26 and 20'-26'. \n Sleeve members or awning tracks 54-60 and tubular elements or pipes 12-18 are rigid and are comprised of metal, such as aluminum, or plastic, such as polyvinylchloride. Tubular elements 12-18 having sleeve members 54-60 positioned as described within the tubular elements are conventionally known awning tracks. One example of such an awning track is sold by Taco Metals as part no. A42-0140, which is a one inch schedule forty aluminum pipe with awning track. \n Supporting means 46-52 each includes means 62, 64, 66, 68 for removably receiving and holding tubular elements 12-18 therein. Supporting means 46-52 also include supporting legs 70, 72, 74, 76, each of legs 70-76 conventionally connected to one of receiving and holding means 62-68, respectively. \n In accordance with the invention, each of receiving and holding means 62-68 defines additional slitted openings 78, 80, 82, 84 which are in alignment with adjacent ones of slitted openings 20-26 and 20'-26'. Support 28 extends through slitted openings 20-26, 20'-26' and 78-84. \n Further in accordance with the invention, bed 10 includes means 86, 88, 90, 92 in operative relationship with tubular elements 12-18 and with receiving and holding means 62-68 for fastening predetermined of tubular elements 12-18 to predetermined of receiving and holding means 62-68, as illustrated in the drawings. Fastening means 86-92 are preferably threaded bolts 94, 96, 98, 100 and nuts 102, 104, 106, 108. \n Each of receiving and holding means 62-68 is identical, and the specific configuration and connections will be discussed herein only with respect to receiving and holding means 68, shown in FIG. 9. Receiving and holding means 68 includes an upper elbow element 110 and a lower elbow element 112 which when positioned together form circular openings 114, 116 for receiving tubular elements or pipes 16, 14, respectively, therein. Each of tubular elements or pipes 12-18 defines adjacent to each end thereof two diametrically opposed apertures 12'", 14'", 16'", 18'", respectively, (a total of four apertures in each of tubular elements 12-18). Bolts 100 are positioned through opposed apertures 110', 112' within receiving and holding means 68 and through two diametrically opposed apertures 14'", and through two diametrically opposed apertures 16'" within each of tubular elements 14, 16 when bed 10 is assembled. Nuts 108 are threaded onto ends of bolts 100 to tighten the bolts in position. (See FIG. 7). \n Receiving and holding means 62-68 are preferably three-way elbow fittings. Supporting legs 70-76 fit into the vertical receptacles of the three-way fittings, and tubular elements or pipes 12-18 fit into the two horizontal receptacles of the three-way fittings. (See FIG. 9). \n In accordance with the invention, each of support edges 30-36 defines an elongated, hollow tube 30', 32', 34', 36', respectively, and elongated members 38-44 are positioned, respectively, within tubes 30'-36'. Elongated members 38-44 may be plastic or metal rods (plastic is preferred) which slideably are fitted into and through tubes 30'-36'. Alternatively, elongated members 38'-44' are preferably ropes which are sewn or otherwise attached into hollow tubes 30'-36' (see FIG. 4). For economy of manufacture, the ropes may be sewn or otherwise attached to outer edges of fabric support 28 without requiring use of tubes 30'-36'. \n Support 28 is preferably a flexible fabric, such as a thin canvas type material which is easily cleaned and durable. \n The frame formed by tubular elements or pipes 12-18 is preferably rectangular in shape, but other shapes can be used. When the frame is rectangular in shape and when elongated members 38-44 are plastic rods, it is preferred that two opposed ones of the plastic rods 38, 40 be of sufficient length to contact inside surfaces of three-way elbow fittings 62, 64 and 66, 68, respectively. Thus, rods 38, 40 are held in fixed position when the frame has been assembled. Plastic rods 42, 44 are preferably of lengths to abut rods 38, 40 to keep rods 42, 44 in fixed position between rods 38, 40 when the frame has been assembled. See FIGS. 2 and 3. \n The chew proof feature of bed 10 is achieved by holding fabric support 28 in position from the inside of pipes 12-18 in a manner similar to the way a mainsail attaches to the boom or mast on a sail boat. Fabric 28 is inaccessible to chewing by dogs or other pets instead of having fabric support 28 looped around the outside of frame pipes 12-18. \n When bed 10 is assembled, fabric 28 is held fast in a flat, taut, horizontal position. The diameter of pipes 12-18 is of sufficient size to make it virtually impossible for a dog or other pet to get its mouth around the frame or pipes 12-18 and into fabric 28. For example, the outside diameter of pipes 12-18 may preferably be from one and one-half inches to one and three-quarters inches. The configuration of bed 10 also enables fabric 28 to fit completely inside three-way corner elbow fittings 62-68 so there are no open gaps between fabric 28 and the frame formed by pipes 12-18 to allow a dog to bite the fabric. \n FIG. 10 shows an alternate configuration of the invention wherein sleeve members 54-60 are eliminated. It is preferred, however, that sleeve members 54-60 be included to provide greater rigidity and stability to tubular elements 12-18. \n The invention in its broader aspects is not limited to the specific details shown and described, and departures may be made from such details without departing from the principles of the invention and without sacrificing its chief advantages.",
"response": "This paper presents an invention for an animal bed or cot designed specifically for dogs or other small animals. The bed features a fabric support that is inaccessible to chewing, addressing the problem of dogs destroying their bedding. The lack of a soft resting place in traditional kennels can lead to discomfort and health issues for animals. The proposed bed provides a comfortable and chew-proof resting place, reducing the need for frequent replacement and laundering. The bed is easy to clean and maintain, and can be quickly washed without disassembly. The design incorporates rigid, hollow, tubular elements and a fabric support, with elongated members positioned within the tubular elements. The bed is supported by means of three-way elbow fittings connected to the tubular elements. Additional features, configurations, and advantages of the invention are described in detail."
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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
It has long been a problem to protect medical personnel from being stuck or scratched by a needle after use. The problem has become increasingly serious with the spread of the AIDS virus through contamination of a needle after use on a patient having AIDS. After withdrawal of the needle from the infected patient, a scratch on the hand or arm of the medical person using the needle would expose that medical person to the AIDS virus.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention provides an external protective sheath which normally encloses a medical needle but which may be temporarily removed from needle-enclosing protective position to expose the needle for use to withdraw medication from a vial for injection into a patient or into intravenous tubing. The protective sheath may be quickly and easily repositioned after use to enclose the needle and prevent the same from striking and penetrating the skin of the person administering the injection or other medical personnel in attendance.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing one form of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken substantially along line 2--2 of FIG. 1;
FIGS. 3, 4, and 5 show another form of the invention;
FIG. 6 shows another modification; and
FIGS. 7, 8, and 9 show still another modification of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate one form of the invention. In this form the sheath member 10 is in the form of a cylindrical sleeve having cut-out slots 10a in the forward end thereof to form a pair of sheath elements 10b on both sides of the slots 10a.
An intravenous (IV) tube 12 is illustrated having a main supply tube 12a and a branch tube 12b. The supply tube 12a may be received in one of the cut out slots 10a between the two sheath elements 10b as shown in FIG. 1 when an injection is made into the branch tube 12b. A conventional sealing cap 12c normally closes the end of the branch tube 12b.
The cylindrical body of the sheath 10 is slidably mounted on the outside of a conventional syringe 15 which has a tubular body portion 15a and a plunger unit 15b slidably mounted within the body. The tubular body portion 15a forms a mounting hub for the sheath 10. The outside of the body 15a is provided with grooves 15c and the cylindrical mounting portion of the sheath 10 is provided with knobs 10d on the inside thereof. The inwardly extending knobs 10d are received in the respective grooves 15c for sliding engagement therein to permit the sheath 10 to be retracted to expose substantially the full length of the syringe needle for use. The cut out slots 10a are wide enough to receive the supply tube 12a so that the sheath 10 will not interfere with a syringe injection into the branch tube 12b. The grooves 15c are provided with circumferentially extending locking portions 15d so that when the sheath 10 is in fully extended maximum protection position, the knobs 10d will be shifted to the forward ends of the groove portions 15c. In this position the cylindrical sheath portion 10 may be rotated to seat the knobs 10d against the closed ends of the circumferential slot portions 10d. In this form of the invention it will be seen that the protective sheath assembly is mounted on the injection syringe 15 to work in conjunction therein.
FIGS. 3, 4, and 5 show a modified form of the invention wherein a sheath 22 is mounted on a needle unit 20. The needle 20 has a hub portion 20a adapted to be connected to the discharge end of an IV tube or to the discharge end of a syringe (not shown). The sheath 22 is provided with a pair of spaced attachment arms 22a which are pivotally connected to opposite sides of the hub 20a as by pivot pins 20b mounted on said hub and extending through registered apertures in the arms 22a. The protective end portion side of sheath 22 has generally U-shaped cross section with an open side 22b extending the full length thereof. An elongated slot 22c extends longitudinally through a major portion of the opposite side of sheath member 22 to permit usage with an IV tube assembly such as the supply tube 12a and branch tube 12b (shown in FIG. 1). The slot 22c permits the needle 20 to be inserted through the IV cap 12c without retraction of the sheath 22. The longitudinal openings 22b and 22c of the sheath 22 are only sufficiently wide to permit the sheath to remain in protective position, while the needle is inserted into the IV branch tube 12b, and prevent the finger of an operator from contacting the needle. Means are provided for releasably holding the needle in aligned protective position as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, such as suitable retaining knobs 20c provided on the outside of the needle hub 20a and a pair of stop bars or projections 22d provided on the inside of the arms 22a. The knobs 20c engage the stop bars 22d to positively maintain the sheath 22 in aligned protective position surrounding over the needle 20.
FIG. 6 shows a form of the invention which is somewhat similar to the form of the invention shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 except that the sheath 25 is pivotally mounted on the outside of a syringe tube 26 which has a needle 27 attached thereto. The syringe tube has a pair of pivot pins 26a attached thereto near the discharge end thereof to pivotally connect the bifurcated attachment arms 25a of the sheath 25 to the syringe 26. A pair of stop pins 26b are also formed on the outside of the syringe 26 in spaced relation to the pins 26a and stop ribs 25b on arms 25a frictionally engage the surface of the syringe 26 and abut the pins 26a. The protector sheath 25 is also provided with an open end 25c and an elongated access slot 25d to facilitate use with an IV branch tube arrangement such as previously described.
FIGS. 7, 8, and 9 illustrate a needle protective sheath assembly adapted for use in the installation of an IV catheter into a patient's blood vessel. The pointed inserting end of a needle 30 is illustrated in FIG. 7. The needle 30 is surrounded by a catheter 31 of an IV tube. The catheter 31 has a connecting hub 31a and slidably receives the needle 30 therethrough for initial insertion of the catheter 31 into the patient's blood vessel. The needle 30 has a connecting hub 30a on the rear end thereof connected to a spindle 32 which is fixed to a mounting cylinder 34. The mounting cylinder 34 is provided with a track 34a along the top side thereof and a positioning slide 35 is slidably mounted in said track as illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 9.
A sheath 37 open along one longitudinal side thereof forms an opening 37a as best shown in FIG. 8. The sheath is pivotally mounted on the outside of the mounting cylinder 34 as by pivot pins 37b. A camming pin 35a extends through the upper portion of the slide 35 above the track 34a and is slidably mounted in cam slots 37c formed in the side wall portions of the sheath 37.
To insert the catheter 31 of the IV tube into the patient's blood vessel the sheath is elevated into raised full-line position as shown in FIG. 7 and the needle 30 and catheter 31 are initially inserted into the patient's blood vessel. The catheter 31 has a hub 31a with a collar 31b formed therearound for engagement with the end of slide 35. After initial or partial insertion of the needle and catheter assembly into the blood vessel, the end of the catheter is then projected farther into the blood vessel by pushing forwardly on the finger grip 35b which moves the end of the slide 35 and the collar 31b forwardly. This forward movement of the catheter into the vein may be combined with a rearward retraction of the cylinder 35 which retracts the needle from the catheter to expose the outer end of the catheter hub 31a for a conventional connection to the end of an IV delivery tube. In order to provide a protective covering for the needle after withdrawal, the sheath is automatically lowered into dotted position by the forward movement of on the slide 35. The camming pin 35a travels in the cam slots 37c to produce the lowering of the sheath 37 into protective position around the needle 30. | This invention includes an external protective sheath for normally enclosing a medical needle to provide a safety protective enclosure normally surrounding the needle, but being adapted to be temporarily removed from needle enclosing protective position to expose the needle for use in penetrating a patient's blood vessel for injection of medication from a syringe or for introduction of intravenous tubing and said sheath being moveable back into protective position around the needle after use. | This abstract discusses a solution to the problem of protecting medical personnel from needle injuries and potential exposure to diseases like AIDS. The invention described is an external protective sheath that encloses a medical needle but can be temporarily removed for use. After use, the sheath can be easily repositioned to prevent needle injuries. The detailed description includes four different forms of the invention, each with its own features and mechanisms. These forms include a sheath mounted on a syringe, a sheath mounted on a needle unit, a sheath pivotally mounted on a syringe tube, and a sheath assembly for inserting an IV catheter. | {
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"query": "Summarize the context",
"context": "BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION \n It has long been a problem to protect medical personnel from being stuck or scratched by a needle after use. The problem has become increasingly serious with the spread of the AIDS virus through contamination of a needle after use on a patient having AIDS. After withdrawal of the needle from the infected patient, a scratch on the hand or arm of the medical person using the needle would expose that medical person to the AIDS virus. \n SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION \n This invention provides an external protective sheath which normally encloses a medical needle but which may be temporarily removed from needle-enclosing protective position to expose the needle for use to withdraw medication from a vial for injection into a patient or into intravenous tubing. The protective sheath may be quickly and easily repositioned after use to enclose the needle and prevent the same from striking and penetrating the skin of the person administering the injection or other medical personnel in attendance. \n \n \n DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS \n FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing one form of the invention; \n FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken substantially along line 2--2 of FIG. 1; \n FIGS. 3, 4, and 5 show another form of the invention; \n FIG. 6 shows another modification; and \n FIGS. 7, 8, and 9 show still another modification of the invention. \n \n \n DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT \n FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate one form of the invention. In this form the sheath member 10 is in the form of a cylindrical sleeve having cut-out slots 10a in the forward end thereof to form a pair of sheath elements 10b on both sides of the slots 10a. \n An intravenous (IV) tube 12 is illustrated having a main supply tube 12a and a branch tube 12b. The supply tube 12a may be received in one of the cut out slots 10a between the two sheath elements 10b as shown in FIG. 1 when an injection is made into the branch tube 12b. A conventional sealing cap 12c normally closes the end of the branch tube 12b. \n The cylindrical body of the sheath 10 is slidably mounted on the outside of a conventional syringe 15 which has a tubular body portion 15a and a plunger unit 15b slidably mounted within the body. The tubular body portion 15a forms a mounting hub for the sheath 10. The outside of the body 15a is provided with grooves 15c and the cylindrical mounting portion of the sheath 10 is provided with knobs 10d on the inside thereof. The inwardly extending knobs 10d are received in the respective grooves 15c for sliding engagement therein to permit the sheath 10 to be retracted to expose substantially the full length of the syringe needle for use. The cut out slots 10a are wide enough to receive the supply tube 12a so that the sheath 10 will not interfere with a syringe injection into the branch tube 12b. The grooves 15c are provided with circumferentially extending locking portions 15d so that when the sheath 10 is in fully extended maximum protection position, the knobs 10d will be shifted to the forward ends of the groove portions 15c. In this position the cylindrical sheath portion 10 may be rotated to seat the knobs 10d against the closed ends of the circumferential slot portions 10d. In this form of the invention it will be seen that the protective sheath assembly is mounted on the injection syringe 15 to work in conjunction therein. \n FIGS. 3, 4, and 5 show a modified form of the invention wherein a sheath 22 is mounted on a needle unit 20. The needle 20 has a hub portion 20a adapted to be connected to the discharge end of an IV tube or to the discharge end of a syringe (not shown). The sheath 22 is provided with a pair of spaced attachment arms 22a which are pivotally connected to opposite sides of the hub 20a as by pivot pins 20b mounted on said hub and extending through registered apertures in the arms 22a. The protective end portion side of sheath 22 has generally U-shaped cross section with an open side 22b extending the full length thereof. An elongated slot 22c extends longitudinally through a major portion of the opposite side of sheath member 22 to permit usage with an IV tube assembly such as the supply tube 12a and branch tube 12b (shown in FIG. 1). The slot 22c permits the needle 20 to be inserted through the IV cap 12c without retraction of the sheath 22. The longitudinal openings 22b and 22c of the sheath 22 are only sufficiently wide to permit the sheath to remain in protective position, while the needle is inserted into the IV branch tube 12b, and prevent the finger of an operator from contacting the needle. Means are provided for releasably holding the needle in aligned protective position as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, such as suitable retaining knobs 20c provided on the outside of the needle hub 20a and a pair of stop bars or projections 22d provided on the inside of the arms 22a. The knobs 20c engage the stop bars 22d to positively maintain the sheath 22 in aligned protective position surrounding over the needle 20. \n FIG. 6 shows a form of the invention which is somewhat similar to the form of the invention shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 except that the sheath 25 is pivotally mounted on the outside of a syringe tube 26 which has a needle 27 attached thereto. The syringe tube has a pair of pivot pins 26a attached thereto near the discharge end thereof to pivotally connect the bifurcated attachment arms 25a of the sheath 25 to the syringe 26. A pair of stop pins 26b are also formed on the outside of the syringe 26 in spaced relation to the pins 26a and stop ribs 25b on arms 25a frictionally engage the surface of the syringe 26 and abut the pins 26a. The protector sheath 25 is also provided with an open end 25c and an elongated access slot 25d to facilitate use with an IV branch tube arrangement such as previously described. \n FIGS. 7, 8, and 9 illustrate a needle protective sheath assembly adapted for use in the installation of an IV catheter into a patient's blood vessel. The pointed inserting end of a needle 30 is illustrated in FIG. 7. The needle 30 is surrounded by a catheter 31 of an IV tube. The catheter 31 has a connecting hub 31a and slidably receives the needle 30 therethrough for initial insertion of the catheter 31 into the patient's blood vessel. The needle 30 has a connecting hub 30a on the rear end thereof connected to a spindle 32 which is fixed to a mounting cylinder 34. The mounting cylinder 34 is provided with a track 34a along the top side thereof and a positioning slide 35 is slidably mounted in said track as illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 9. \n A sheath 37 open along one longitudinal side thereof forms an opening 37a as best shown in FIG. 8. The sheath is pivotally mounted on the outside of the mounting cylinder 34 as by pivot pins 37b. A camming pin 35a extends through the upper portion of the slide 35 above the track 34a and is slidably mounted in cam slots 37c formed in the side wall portions of the sheath 37. \n To insert the catheter 31 of the IV tube into the patient's blood vessel the sheath is elevated into raised full-line position as shown in FIG. 7 and the needle 30 and catheter 31 are initially inserted into the patient's blood vessel. The catheter 31 has a hub 31a with a collar 31b formed therearound for engagement with the end of slide 35. After initial or partial insertion of the needle and catheter assembly into the blood vessel, the end of the catheter is then projected farther into the blood vessel by pushing forwardly on the finger grip 35b which moves the end of the slide 35 and the collar 31b forwardly. This forward movement of the catheter into the vein may be combined with a rearward retraction of the cylinder 35 which retracts the needle from the catheter to expose the outer end of the catheter hub 31a for a conventional connection to the end of an IV delivery tube. In order to provide a protective covering for the needle after withdrawal, the sheath is automatically lowered into dotted position by the forward movement of on the slide 35. The camming pin 35a travels in the cam slots 37c to produce the lowering of the sheath 37 into protective position around the needle 30.",
"response": "This abstract discusses a solution to the problem of protecting medical personnel from needle injuries and potential exposure to diseases like AIDS. The invention described is an external protective sheath that encloses a medical needle but can be temporarily removed for use. After use, the sheath can be easily repositioned to prevent needle injuries. The detailed description includes four different forms of the invention, each with its own features and mechanisms. These forms include a sheath mounted on a syringe, a sheath mounted on a needle unit, a sheath pivotally mounted on a syringe tube, and a sheath assembly for inserting an IV catheter."
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} | false | The response accurately summarizes the context provided, which describes an invention for a protective sheath for medical needles. The response captures the essence of the BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION, SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION, and DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS, as well as the DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT, including the various forms of the invention as described in the figures. There is no additional information in the response that is not present in the context, and the response remains faithful to the information given. | 0 | {
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This application claims benefit of Provisional Ser. No. 60/205,656, filed May 18, 2000.
The present invention is an embodiment of the designed phase-change canister material delivery system as applied to a fire extinguishing method and system in which the delivery capsule is formed by confining a fire extinguishing agent within a designed phase change container comprising the shell of a fire extinguishing agent in solid form. The container is delivered and allows delivery, in close proximity to burning substances such that release of the agent from the ruptured container and the container itself extinguishes or suppresses the fire.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a fire extinguishing and fire retardant delivery method and system to suppress and extinguish fires, in particular, wildfires. Wildfires, which include forest and range fires, are fully self-sustaining and are either of such a size or in such a location, which make them unmanageable by conventional means. Current technologies for wildfire suppression are fuel starvation and/or removal and aerial delivery of suppression agents, such as water and retardant slurries. The self-sustaining nature of wildfires means that they generate very large incoming airflows, vertical updrafts and turbulence, which provide fuel/air sourcing and mixing. These airflow patterns generated by these fires make it difficult to deliver slurry retardant and/or water to the core of the fire. Delivery of such materials to the core of the fire can cool, block infrared transmission, and deprive the fire of fuel. The system of the present invention provides a method and means for delivering to a fire target, a retardant or extinguishing material in a thermal and/or pressure-sensitive container.
Another direct application of the type of container embodied in this patent is the use as a non-lethal weapon. The rupture of the canister can have a stun effect coupled with the disbursement of material into a crowd.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A fire suppression or extinguishing method is provided comprising the step of confining a fire extinguishing or suppressing agent in slurry, liquid or gaseous form within a phase-change canister which comprises a shell of such an agent in solid form. The optimum system uses an agent in solid form which sublimates at atmospheric pressure at temperatures above about −150° C. The container is designed and delivered in close proximity to burning substances such that the container ruptures releasing the agent onto the burning substance.
The container is formed such that the shell comprises an agent in solid form and the inner core is filled with an agent in slurry, liquid or gaseous form.
The container may be made on an apparatus comprising a shaped molding cavity for receiving the liquid agent to form a shell; a feature for cooling the surface to solidify the liquid to form the shell, a feature for filling the shell with the liquid agent and sealing the shell to form the container, and a feature for releasing the container from the molding surface. Another apparatus for forming the container comprises a shaped molding cavity for receiving the liquid agent to form a shell; a feature to solidify the liquid to form the shell by a pressure-controlled phase change and a feature for releasing the container from the molding surface
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a partial cut-away view of a container according to the invention for delivery to a fire.
FIG. 2 is a cross-section of an apparatus for preparing the container shown in FIG. 1 .
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The fire extinguishing or fire retardant agents typically used in the present invention are materials which can be totally absorbed and/or dispersed into the target environment, yet which are benign relative to the target environment. The preferred materials for the solid shell of the container are solid carbon dioxide, ice or other solid fire retardant or extinguishing agents. Carbon dioxide and ice are the preferred materials for use as the shell as a non-lethal weapon. As explained in more detail below, the container may be sealed under pressure or it may be unpressurized. The shell material is selected so that the shell material itself also serves as a fire extinguishing or retarding agent, thereby enhancing the effects of the material dispersed from the container. The shell composition and thickness are designed so that it will weaken or fail, releasing the enclosed material, either by the phase change of the shell material, i.e. melting or sublimation, and/or by bursting of the shell upon impact.
The shell thickness of the container may be readily determined by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the type of material to be dispersed, the desired radius of dispersement, the time-delay, if any, between the placement of the container and the moment of dispersement, and the target environment conditions for dispersement of the encased material. A property of the container wall is that in the target environment it will undergo a change in phase consistent with that which would readily disperse or be absorbed by the target environment. Typically, the shell will change its physical state in accordance with the system state variables at the target or environment. That is, the shell material will melt and/or sublime at the temperature or other environmental conditions at the target site.
The materials may be distributed at the target site by bursting of the container. For example, a shell of solid carbon dioxide may contain a core of a liquid dioxide, water, or other extinguishing agent or fire retarding agent. The shell may also, for example, be made of ice and contain a core of liquid carbon dioxide, water or other extinguishing agent or retarding agent. Furthermore, the shell may be made of a solid retardant and/or extinguishing agent and the core may contain liquid carbon dioxide, water, or other extinguishing agent and/or retarding agent. The contents may be pressurized or not, depending on the timing of the burst, desired radius of dissipation or desired dispersion method. Typically, the core material will be sublimable at a temperature above about −150° C. up to about 100° C. The bursting of the container due to changes in environmental conditions or impact at the target site is much more desirable than the use of explosives. Explosive bursting charges are environmentally unacceptable, can add undesirable debris to the environment and generate incendiary materials as a result of the explosion process.
Another method of release of the materials is by diffuision mixing. The material within the container, i.e. bacterial agents or chemical agents may be diffuision driven for dispersion and thus may require a release mechanism involving the erosion of the container wall.
Finally, release may be triggered by an environmental effect, such as thermal or pressure activation such that the thermodynamic and mechanical properties of the shell and the contents serve as rupture triggers within the container.
The containers may be delivered from aircraft or thrown or shot into the target area using catapults, air pressure guns and the like.
Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown a partial cutaway of one embodiment of a container according to the present invention. The container comprises a shell ( 10 ) and a hollow interior containing a slurry, liquid or gas of a fire extinguishing or fire retarding material ( 11 ). The shell ( 10 ) is also made of a fire extinguishing or retarding material. Indentations ( 10 a ) serve to facilitate release of the container from the mold from which it is made. Preferably, the container is of a relatively large size, having an interior volume determined by the fire suppression application. It can carry charges of sufficient amounts of material such as carbon dioxide, which will at room temperature be converted into a large volume of gaseous carbon dioxide and some liquid carbon dioxide. The vapor pressure of liquid carbon dioxide rises with temperature, and can reach approximately 1,000 atmospheres at temperatures of about 160° C. Thus, the containers in the practice of the invention when using carbon dioxide as an interior component should be constructed to resist rupture when introduced into a fire until the maximum internal stress in the shell wall is exceeded by either or both the internal pressure built up or external forces. In practice, the charged container is introduced into the fire by being dropped, thrown or shot into the blaze. The heat of the fire primarily reduces the shell thickness, and thus its overall strength to a point where the internal pressures cause shell rupture and disburse the contained material. This is assuming that the shell was not designed to rupture on impact. The heat of the fire raises the temperature slightly within this container design. The container explodes spreading the contents into the surrounding area. The liquid and gaseous contents expand rapidly with the liquid material phase changing to gaseous, thus chilling the surrounding area as well as displacing hot gases and replacing them with CO 2 . The contents of the container, as well as the shattered container particles are rapidly vaporized to provide a blanket in the target area which serves to smother and extinguish the blaze.
The process of the invention may be employed with containers of varying size, from those which are very small, which may be manually thrown or dropped into the fire to those which must be either mechanically catapulted to the fire or dropped from an aircraft or balloon suspended above the fire.
Referring to FIG. 2, there is shown an apparatus for forming a container according to FIG. 1 by controlled temperature time phase transition. For convenience, only half of the apparatus is shown with the mirror image of the other half (not shown) required to make a complete container. There is a piston ( 12 ) having a surface ( 13 ) in the shape of desired shape of the container with ridges (not shown) that form indentations such as ( 10 a ) in the exterior surface of the shell which serve to promote release of the shell from the mold. This piston can be cooled with a cooling agent such as liquid nitrogen, which is introduced through conduit ( 14 ). The piston ( 12 ) is compressed to form the shell from fluid (liquid, slurry or gaseous) initially introduced through line 15 . The shell is then filled through conduit ( 15 ) with the liquid, slurry or gas materials intended to comprise the core. The sealing piston ( 16 ) is utilized to seal the contents within the shell. The forming and sealing pistons ( 12 ) and ( 16 ) are then withdrawn, respectively, from each half of the formed container and the container is released from the surface ( 13 ). Alternatively, a solid shell can be formed using a similar apparatus having walls sufficient to withstand the necessary pressure for a controlled pressure-time phase transition.
As shown, the liquid nitrogen coolant is supplied from pressurized tank 17 where it is collected in depressurized traps 18 . Excess nitrogen gas is vented through vent 19 .
Carbon dioxide is supplied from tank 20 from which it is filtered through filter 21 and depressurized in traps 22 . The carbon dioxide which will be frozen to form the shell of the canister is introduced via conduit 23 to surface 13 . The carbon dioxide which will form the liquid/gas/solid contents of the container is introduced via line to conduit 15 .
The hydraulic system for manipulating pistons 12 and 16 is provided by hydraulic fluid storage tank 24 and pump 25 . The flow of hydraulic fluid is controlled by valve controllers 26 to compress pistons 16 or 12 , respectively, by pressuring compartments 26 or 27 . The pistons 16 or 12 are withdrawn, respectively, by pressuring compartments 29 or 28 .
Materials other than carbon dioxide may be utilized in tank 20 , such as water or aqueous slurries or solutions of fire retardant agents.
It is understood that certain changes and modifications may be made to the above containers and apparatus without departing from the scope of the invention and it is intended that all matter contained in the above description shall be interpreted as illustrative and not limiting the invention in any way. | A fire extinguishing and fire retarding method is provided comprising the step of confining a fire extinguishing and fire retarding agent in slurry, liquid or gaseous form within a shell wherein the shell comprises such an agent in solid form. An agent such as ice water, or liquid carbon dioxide is useful when employing the shell as “non-lethal” device. The solid shell is sublimable and will burst upon impact or upon exposure to the environmental conditions at the target site to release the contents of the shell as well as the fragments of the shell onto the target site. | This paper describes a fire extinguishing method and system using a designed phase-change canister material delivery system. The canister contains a fire extinguishing agent in solid form, which is released when the container ruptures upon contact with burning substances. The invention aims to provide a more effective method for suppressing and extinguishing wildfires by delivering a retardant or extinguishing material in a thermal and/or pressure-sensitive container. The paper also discusses the potential application of the container as a non-lethal weapon. The design, manufacturing process, and delivery methods of the container are detailed, along with various materials that can be used for the shell and core. The paper concludes by stating that the invention can be adapted for different sizes of containers and acknowledges that modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. | {
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"display_name": "Faithfulness",
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"query": "Summarize the context",
"context": "This application claims benefit of Provisional Ser. No. 60/205,656, filed May 18, 2000. \n \n \n The present invention is an embodiment of the designed phase-change canister material delivery system as applied to a fire extinguishing method and system in which the delivery capsule is formed by confining a fire extinguishing agent within a designed phase change container comprising the shell of a fire extinguishing agent in solid form. The container is delivered and allows delivery, in close proximity to burning substances such that release of the agent from the ruptured container and the container itself extinguishes or suppresses the fire. \n BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION \n The present invention provides a fire extinguishing and fire retardant delivery method and system to suppress and extinguish fires, in particular, wildfires. Wildfires, which include forest and range fires, are fully self-sustaining and are either of such a size or in such a location, which make them unmanageable by conventional means. Current technologies for wildfire suppression are fuel starvation and/or removal and aerial delivery of suppression agents, such as water and retardant slurries. The self-sustaining nature of wildfires means that they generate very large incoming airflows, vertical updrafts and turbulence, which provide fuel/air sourcing and mixing. These airflow patterns generated by these fires make it difficult to deliver slurry retardant and/or water to the core of the fire. Delivery of such materials to the core of the fire can cool, block infrared transmission, and deprive the fire of fuel. The system of the present invention provides a method and means for delivering to a fire target, a retardant or extinguishing material in a thermal and/or pressure-sensitive container. \n Another direct application of the type of container embodied in this patent is the use as a non-lethal weapon. The rupture of the canister can have a stun effect coupled with the disbursement of material into a crowd. \n SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION \n A fire suppression or extinguishing method is provided comprising the step of confining a fire extinguishing or suppressing agent in slurry, liquid or gaseous form within a phase-change canister which comprises a shell of such an agent in solid form. The optimum system uses an agent in solid form which sublimates at atmospheric pressure at temperatures above about −150° C. The container is designed and delivered in close proximity to burning substances such that the container ruptures releasing the agent onto the burning substance. \n The container is formed such that the shell comprises an agent in solid form and the inner core is filled with an agent in slurry, liquid or gaseous form. \n The container may be made on an apparatus comprising a shaped molding cavity for receiving the liquid agent to form a shell; a feature for cooling the surface to solidify the liquid to form the shell, a feature for filling the shell with the liquid agent and sealing the shell to form the container, and a feature for releasing the container from the molding surface. Another apparatus for forming the container comprises a shaped molding cavity for receiving the liquid agent to form a shell; a feature to solidify the liquid to form the shell by a pressure-controlled phase change and a feature for releasing the container from the molding surface \n \n \n BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS \n FIG. 1 is a partial cut-away view of a container according to the invention for delivery to a fire. \n FIG. 2 is a cross-section of an apparatus for preparing the container shown in FIG. 1 . \n \n \n DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS \n The fire extinguishing or fire retardant agents typically used in the present invention are materials which can be totally absorbed and/or dispersed into the target environment, yet which are benign relative to the target environment. The preferred materials for the solid shell of the container are solid carbon dioxide, ice or other solid fire retardant or extinguishing agents. Carbon dioxide and ice are the preferred materials for use as the shell as a non-lethal weapon. As explained in more detail below, the container may be sealed under pressure or it may be unpressurized. The shell material is selected so that the shell material itself also serves as a fire extinguishing or retarding agent, thereby enhancing the effects of the material dispersed from the container. The shell composition and thickness are designed so that it will weaken or fail, releasing the enclosed material, either by the phase change of the shell material, i.e. melting or sublimation, and/or by bursting of the shell upon impact. \n The shell thickness of the container may be readily determined by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the type of material to be dispersed, the desired radius of dispersement, the time-delay, if any, between the placement of the container and the moment of dispersement, and the target environment conditions for dispersement of the encased material. A property of the container wall is that in the target environment it will undergo a change in phase consistent with that which would readily disperse or be absorbed by the target environment. Typically, the shell will change its physical state in accordance with the system state variables at the target or environment. That is, the shell material will melt and/or sublime at the temperature or other environmental conditions at the target site. \n The materials may be distributed at the target site by bursting of the container. For example, a shell of solid carbon dioxide may contain a core of a liquid dioxide, water, or other extinguishing agent or fire retarding agent. The shell may also, for example, be made of ice and contain a core of liquid carbon dioxide, water or other extinguishing agent or retarding agent. Furthermore, the shell may be made of a solid retardant and/or extinguishing agent and the core may contain liquid carbon dioxide, water, or other extinguishing agent and/or retarding agent. The contents may be pressurized or not, depending on the timing of the burst, desired radius of dissipation or desired dispersion method. Typically, the core material will be sublimable at a temperature above about −150° C. up to about 100° C. The bursting of the container due to changes in environmental conditions or impact at the target site is much more desirable than the use of explosives. Explosive bursting charges are environmentally unacceptable, can add undesirable debris to the environment and generate incendiary materials as a result of the explosion process. \n Another method of release of the materials is by diffuision mixing. The material within the container, i.e. bacterial agents or chemical agents may be diffuision driven for dispersion and thus may require a release mechanism involving the erosion of the container wall. \n Finally, release may be triggered by an environmental effect, such as thermal or pressure activation such that the thermodynamic and mechanical properties of the shell and the contents serve as rupture triggers within the container. \n The containers may be delivered from aircraft or thrown or shot into the target area using catapults, air pressure guns and the like. \n Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown a partial cutaway of one embodiment of a container according to the present invention. The container comprises a shell ( 10 ) and a hollow interior containing a slurry, liquid or gas of a fire extinguishing or fire retarding material ( 11 ). The shell ( 10 ) is also made of a fire extinguishing or retarding material. Indentations ( 10 a ) serve to facilitate release of the container from the mold from which it is made. Preferably, the container is of a relatively large size, having an interior volume determined by the fire suppression application. It can carry charges of sufficient amounts of material such as carbon dioxide, which will at room temperature be converted into a large volume of gaseous carbon dioxide and some liquid carbon dioxide. The vapor pressure of liquid carbon dioxide rises with temperature, and can reach approximately 1,000 atmospheres at temperatures of about 160° C. Thus, the containers in the practice of the invention when using carbon dioxide as an interior component should be constructed to resist rupture when introduced into a fire until the maximum internal stress in the shell wall is exceeded by either or both the internal pressure built up or external forces. In practice, the charged container is introduced into the fire by being dropped, thrown or shot into the blaze. The heat of the fire primarily reduces the shell thickness, and thus its overall strength to a point where the internal pressures cause shell rupture and disburse the contained material. This is assuming that the shell was not designed to rupture on impact. The heat of the fire raises the temperature slightly within this container design. The container explodes spreading the contents into the surrounding area. The liquid and gaseous contents expand rapidly with the liquid material phase changing to gaseous, thus chilling the surrounding area as well as displacing hot gases and replacing them with CO 2 . The contents of the container, as well as the shattered container particles are rapidly vaporized to provide a blanket in the target area which serves to smother and extinguish the blaze. \n The process of the invention may be employed with containers of varying size, from those which are very small, which may be manually thrown or dropped into the fire to those which must be either mechanically catapulted to the fire or dropped from an aircraft or balloon suspended above the fire. \n Referring to FIG. 2, there is shown an apparatus for forming a container according to FIG. 1 by controlled temperature time phase transition. For convenience, only half of the apparatus is shown with the mirror image of the other half (not shown) required to make a complete container. There is a piston ( 12 ) having a surface ( 13 ) in the shape of desired shape of the container with ridges (not shown) that form indentations such as ( 10 a ) in the exterior surface of the shell which serve to promote release of the shell from the mold. This piston can be cooled with a cooling agent such as liquid nitrogen, which is introduced through conduit ( 14 ). The piston ( 12 ) is compressed to form the shell from fluid (liquid, slurry or gaseous) initially introduced through line 15 . The shell is then filled through conduit ( 15 ) with the liquid, slurry or gas materials intended to comprise the core. The sealing piston ( 16 ) is utilized to seal the contents within the shell. The forming and sealing pistons ( 12 ) and ( 16 ) are then withdrawn, respectively, from each half of the formed container and the container is released from the surface ( 13 ). Alternatively, a solid shell can be formed using a similar apparatus having walls sufficient to withstand the necessary pressure for a controlled pressure-time phase transition. \n As shown, the liquid nitrogen coolant is supplied from pressurized tank 17 where it is collected in depressurized traps 18 . Excess nitrogen gas is vented through vent 19 . \n Carbon dioxide is supplied from tank 20 from which it is filtered through filter 21 and depressurized in traps 22 . The carbon dioxide which will be frozen to form the shell of the canister is introduced via conduit 23 to surface 13 . The carbon dioxide which will form the liquid/gas/solid contents of the container is introduced via line to conduit 15 . \n The hydraulic system for manipulating pistons 12 and 16 is provided by hydraulic fluid storage tank 24 and pump 25 . The flow of hydraulic fluid is controlled by valve controllers 26 to compress pistons 16 or 12 , respectively, by pressuring compartments 26 or 27 . The pistons 16 or 12 are withdrawn, respectively, by pressuring compartments 29 or 28 . \n Materials other than carbon dioxide may be utilized in tank 20 , such as water or aqueous slurries or solutions of fire retardant agents. \n It is understood that certain changes and modifications may be made to the above containers and apparatus without departing from the scope of the invention and it is intended that all matter contained in the above description shall be interpreted as illustrative and not limiting the invention in any way.",
"response": "This paper describes a fire extinguishing method and system using a designed phase-change canister material delivery system. The canister contains a fire extinguishing agent in solid form, which is released when the container ruptures upon contact with burning substances. The invention aims to provide a more effective method for suppressing and extinguishing wildfires by delivering a retardant or extinguishing material in a thermal and/or pressure-sensitive container. The paper also discusses the potential application of the container as a non-lethal weapon. The design, manufacturing process, and delivery methods of the container are detailed, along with various materials that can be used for the shell and core. The paper concludes by stating that the invention can be adapted for different sizes of containers and acknowledges that modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention."
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"reason": "The response accurately summarizes the information provided in the context. It captures the essence of the invention, which is a fire extinguishing method and system using a phase-change canister material delivery system. The response mentions the canister containing a fire extinguishing agent in solid form and its release upon rupture, which is consistent with the context. It also correctly identifies the potential application as a non-lethal weapon and discusses the design, manufacturing process, delivery methods, and materials for the shell and core. The response concludes with the adaptability of the invention for different container sizes and the possibility of modifications, which is also mentioned in the context. Therefore, the response can be inferred using only the information provided in the context.",
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} | false | The response accurately summarizes the information provided in the context. It captures the essence of the invention, which is a fire extinguishing method and system using a phase-change canister material delivery system. The response mentions the canister containing a fire extinguishing agent in solid form and its release upon rupture, which is consistent with the context. It also correctly identifies the potential application as a non-lethal weapon and discusses the design, manufacturing process, delivery methods, and materials for the shell and core. The response concludes with the adaptability of the invention for different container sizes and the possibility of modifications, which is also mentioned in the context. Therefore, the response can be inferred using only the information provided in the context. | 0 | {
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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of Invention
The instant invention relates generally to numerical selection apparatuses and more specifically it relates to a versatile plurality mixer with rapid chance lot cycling and locking means.
The desirability for providing chance devices to mix random plurality indicia spheres to produce chance lot combinations derived from marked plurality indicia spheres and store those chance lot indicia sphere results for use in lottery games has been recognized. Such devices are also particularly useful for playing similar games without the difficulty and toil required to mentally select random entries needed to compose chance lots that have different, non-repetitive combinations. The invention herein presents a fast and convenient user utility for obtaining types of lottery entries.
This invention is subject to a disclosure document filed in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office under disclosure document No. 121,457 on Oct. 19, 1983.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Previous chance devices have been known for marked plurality indicia sphere mixing within a chamber, capturing and stacking of the plurality indicia spheres within chutes as a way to determine chance lots. Most have been objectionable in that they appear not to have sufficient mixer chamber volume relative to the plurality indicia sphere size to permit good random mixing. They also have inadequate locking mechanisms which rely on gravity to hold the spheres such that if the device is unintentionally inclined below a generally level position, chance results may be lost before the spheres markings can be viewed and recorded.
Unfavorable manipulation of prior devices after agitation and mixing to capture individual indicia spheres and to loosen jammed and stuck indicia spheres may delay and frustrate the operator of the mixer after a period of time. Previous designs do not readily permit variations in construction layout for different game configurations and selection conveniences because such previous devices grow awkwardly out of size especially for intended hand-held use. Coincidentally, if some of the previous chance devices were manufactured, costs of production might well be prohibitive relative to their worth because of inherent complexity.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A principle object of the present invention is to provide a versatile plurality mixer with rapid chance lot cycling and locking means that has sufficient mixer chamber volume relative to the plurality indicia sphere size to permit good random mixing and actuation by convenient handling.
Another object is to provide a versatile plurality mixer with rapid chance lot cycling and locking means that has an adequate locking mechanism which relies on a resilient lock return and fingers to hold the spheres secure within cubical cells without further effort on the operator's part.
An additional object is to provide a versatile plurality mixer with rapid chance lot cycling and locking means that requires favorable manipulation of the device after agitation and mixing to capture individual marked indicia spheres since the design of the device is of a size especially intened for hand-held use.
A further object is to provide a versatile plurality mixer with rapid chance lot cycling and locking means that is economical in cost to manufacture.
A still further object is to provide a versatile plurality mixer with rapid chance lot that is simple and easy to use.
Further objects of the invention will appear as the description proceeds.
To the accomplishment of the above and related objects, this invention may be embodied in the form illustrated in the accompanying drawings, attention being called to the fact, however, that the drawings are illustrative only, and that changes may be made in the specific construction illustrated and described within the scope of the appended claims.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 of the drawing shows a perspective view of a first embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 of the drawing shows an exploded perspective view of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 of the drawing shows an exploded perspective view of a second embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4a of the drawing shows a side view of the first embodiment with parts broken away.
FIG. 4b of the drawing shows a partial side view similar to FIG. 4a with the lock control in a releasing position.
FIG. 4c of the drawing shows a partial side view similar to FIG. 4a with the lock control in a locking position.
FIG. 5 of the drawing shows a perspective view of stacking device for a number of mixers.
FIG. 6 of the drawings shows an enlarged perspective view of a portion of the stacking device in FIG. 5.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Turning now descriptively to the drawings, in which similar reference characters denote similar elements throughout the several views, FIGS. 1, 2 and 4 illustrates a versatile plurality mixer 10 with rapid chance lot cycling and locking means. The mixer 10 consists of a masked and fully enclosed mixing housing 12, a plurality of multiple marked indicia opaque chance lot spheres 14, an assembly of transparent cubical cells 16, a bent lock control member 18, a resilient flat leaf spring 20 and a fastener 22 to aid in the rapid cycling and locking of the spheres 14a for display and as a convenient way to minimize mixer manipulation and lot selection drudgery while generating chance lot combinations for use in lotteries.
The masked and fully enclosed mixing housing 12 is composed of top and bottom halves 12a and 12b and is fabricated with one compartment 30. A side of the mixing housing 12 interfaces at 28 with the assembly of transparent cubical cells 16 such that the spheres 14 line-up with the cells 16 closely without jamming. The spheres 14a are all quickly dumped simultaneously into the single row of cubical cells 16 from the compartment 30 as the mixing housing 12 is inclined with cells 16 downward to permit rapid chance lot formation of spheres 14a.
The lock control member 18 has fingers 24 attached and each finger is dedicated to a cubical cell 16 in a manner allowing the lock control member 18 to move about the fastener 22 and extend all fingers 24 into each transparent cell through top slots 16a to hold each and all chance lot spheres 14a simultaneously within the transparent cells 16 for viewing and recording. A plate 48 can be transversely mounted across top of the cubical cells 16 and in front of the top slots 16a to protect the fingers 24.
The extended position of the lock control fingers 24 into the cells 16 as shown in FIG. 4a is maintained by the leaf spring 20 applying a force 34 with the aid of the fastener 22 and slope 12c of the mixing compartment 12. Lock control fingers 24 also provide a movable separation between the cells 16 and compartment 30 to permit mixing of spheres 14 and chance lot holding of spheres 14a without loss of chance results regardless of mixer compartment 12 handling positions.
Application of a force 36 in FIG. 4b to move the lock control member 18 about the fastener 22 retracts all lock control fingers 24 simultaneously out of all cells 16 to quickly dump all spheres 14a from the cells 16 into the compartment 30 as the mixing housing 12 is inclined with cells 16 upward.
After the dumping of spheres 14a, release of the force 36 will allow the force 34 to return the lock control member 18 to extend the fingers 24 into each cell 16 through the top slots 16a to provide separation from the compartment 30 as in FIG. 4c, for proper random agitation and mixing of the spheres 14.
After mixing of the spheres 14 in the compartment 30, activation of the lock control member 18 applies the force 36, as in FIG. 4b, to retract the fingers 24 and allows new chance lot spheres 14a to be dumped rapidly into all transparent cubical cells 16 when the mixing housing 12 is inclined with cells 16 downward.
Release of the force 36 allows the force 34, as shown in FIG. 4a, aided by the leaf spring 20, to again extend the lock control fingers 24 into cells 16 through top slots 16a to hold each and all new chance lot spheres 14a simultaneously within the transparent cells 16 as shown again to complete the cycle to obtain a new lot of marked spheres 14a for viewing and entering.
Multiple marks on the indicia opaque body of each chance lot sphere 14a within the transparent cubical cell assembly 16 facilitate the viewing of the chance lot spheres 14a from several directions as shown in FIG. 1.
Mixer manipulation to complete a cycle of agitation and mixing, holding, viewing, dumping and mixing again can be accomplished between mixing housing 12 in an inclined position without the need to invert the mixing housing. To aid the agitation and mixing process perturbators 26 are built into the compartment 30 which with adequate volume, assures that the spheres 14 are forced into random intermixing even during mild mixer agitations.
Placing of the spheres 14 into the mixing housing 12 can be done during mixer 10 assembly through the interface 28 before the cells 16 are attached to the interface 28. Upon attachment the cells 16 and interface 28 are permanently sealed. Another way of placing the spheres 14 into the mixing housing 12 is shown in FIG. 4a. An aperture 50 is placed at rear of top half 12a of mixing housing 12 with a cap 52 for sealing the aperture 50 after spheres 14 are placed within.
FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment of a mixer 10'. The mixer 10' contains a masked and fully enclosed plurality mixing housing 12' that is composed of top and bottom halves 12a' and 12b' and is fabricated with more than one compartment 30' depending on the lottery game the mixer 10' is intended for. The compartments 30' are divided by inner walls 32. Likewise the number of multiple indicia marked opaque lot spheres 14 contained within the compartments 30' will also be determined by intended game use. The cubical cells 16' in this embodiment consists of three joined with three respective compartments 30', while the cubical cells 16 in FIGS. 1 and 2 consits of six joined with one compartment 30. Other combinations of cubical cells and dividing inner walls 32 can be used as needed for different lottery games.
Versatility of the mixer 10 is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 wherein mixer construction permits stacking of a number of mixers 10 within a stacking member 38 in a manner allowing manageable random agitation, mixing, dumping and viewing of multiple combinations of chance lot spheres 14 for rapid determination and recording of sufficient lottery chances to fill a complete game card as a result of one mixing. A joining arm 40 is connected to each of the lock control members 18 to control the marked plurality spheres 14a through the movable separation fingers 24 to simultaneously enter or exit the cubical cells 16 of all mixers 10 by actuation of a single stack lock control shaft 42 to operate the joining arms in unison. Each joining arm 40 extends through a slot 46 in the stacking member 38 to pivotally engage the stack lock control shaft 42 while the shaft 42 is held vertically in place by brackets 44.
While certain novel features of this invention have been shown and described and are pointed out in the annexed claims, it will be understood that various omissions, substitutions and changes in the forms and details of the device illustrated and in its operation can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. | According to the present invention a portable hand held indicia selector is provided comprising an enclosed mixing housing with multiple numbered indicia spheres contained within the housing. The spheres are directed into a defined area of the mixing housing for viewing so that the directed numbered indicia may be used by the user to randomly select numbers. The housing has incorporated in it a locking device so that the directed numbered indicia are locked into position and may be released by the user into the mixing housing. | This abstract describes a versatile plurality mixer with rapid chance lot cycling and locking means. The mixer consists of a mixing housing, marked indicia spheres, transparent cubical cells, a lock control member, a leaf spring, and a fastener. The mixer allows for easy random mixing of the spheres and quick locking of the spheres within the cells for viewing and recording. The mixer can be manipulated to complete a cycle of agitation, mixing, holding, viewing, and dumping without the need to invert the housing. The mixer is economical to manufacture and simple to use. Different embodiments are also described. | {
"name": "Irftc",
"display_name": "Faithfulness",
"data": {
"query": "Summarize the context",
"context": "BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION \n 1. Field of Invention \n The instant invention relates generally to numerical selection apparatuses and more specifically it relates to a versatile plurality mixer with rapid chance lot cycling and locking means. \n The desirability for providing chance devices to mix random plurality indicia spheres to produce chance lot combinations derived from marked plurality indicia spheres and store those chance lot indicia sphere results for use in lottery games has been recognized. Such devices are also particularly useful for playing similar games without the difficulty and toil required to mentally select random entries needed to compose chance lots that have different, non-repetitive combinations. The invention herein presents a fast and convenient user utility for obtaining types of lottery entries. \n This invention is subject to a disclosure document filed in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office under disclosure document No. 121,457 on Oct. 19, 1983. \n 2. Description of the Prior Art \n Previous chance devices have been known for marked plurality indicia sphere mixing within a chamber, capturing and stacking of the plurality indicia spheres within chutes as a way to determine chance lots. Most have been objectionable in that they appear not to have sufficient mixer chamber volume relative to the plurality indicia sphere size to permit good random mixing. They also have inadequate locking mechanisms which rely on gravity to hold the spheres such that if the device is unintentionally inclined below a generally level position, chance results may be lost before the spheres markings can be viewed and recorded. \n Unfavorable manipulation of prior devices after agitation and mixing to capture individual indicia spheres and to loosen jammed and stuck indicia spheres may delay and frustrate the operator of the mixer after a period of time. Previous designs do not readily permit variations in construction layout for different game configurations and selection conveniences because such previous devices grow awkwardly out of size especially for intended hand-held use. Coincidentally, if some of the previous chance devices were manufactured, costs of production might well be prohibitive relative to their worth because of inherent complexity. \n SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION \n A principle object of the present invention is to provide a versatile plurality mixer with rapid chance lot cycling and locking means that has sufficient mixer chamber volume relative to the plurality indicia sphere size to permit good random mixing and actuation by convenient handling. \n Another object is to provide a versatile plurality mixer with rapid chance lot cycling and locking means that has an adequate locking mechanism which relies on a resilient lock return and fingers to hold the spheres secure within cubical cells without further effort on the operator's part. \n An additional object is to provide a versatile plurality mixer with rapid chance lot cycling and locking means that requires favorable manipulation of the device after agitation and mixing to capture individual marked indicia spheres since the design of the device is of a size especially intened for hand-held use. \n A further object is to provide a versatile plurality mixer with rapid chance lot cycling and locking means that is economical in cost to manufacture. \n A still further object is to provide a versatile plurality mixer with rapid chance lot that is simple and easy to use. \n Further objects of the invention will appear as the description proceeds. \n To the accomplishment of the above and related objects, this invention may be embodied in the form illustrated in the accompanying drawings, attention being called to the fact, however, that the drawings are illustrative only, and that changes may be made in the specific construction illustrated and described within the scope of the appended claims. \n \n \n DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS \n FIG. 1 of the drawing shows a perspective view of a first embodiment of the invention. \n FIG. 2 of the drawing shows an exploded perspective view of FIG. 1. \n FIG. 3 of the drawing shows an exploded perspective view of a second embodiment of the invention. \n FIG. 4a of the drawing shows a side view of the first embodiment with parts broken away. \n FIG. 4b of the drawing shows a partial side view similar to FIG. 4a with the lock control in a releasing position. \n FIG. 4c of the drawing shows a partial side view similar to FIG. 4a with the lock control in a locking position. \n FIG. 5 of the drawing shows a perspective view of stacking device for a number of mixers. \n FIG. 6 of the drawings shows an enlarged perspective view of a portion of the stacking device in FIG. 5. \n \n \n DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS \n Turning now descriptively to the drawings, in which similar reference characters denote similar elements throughout the several views, FIGS. 1, 2 and 4 illustrates a versatile plurality mixer 10 with rapid chance lot cycling and locking means. The mixer 10 consists of a masked and fully enclosed mixing housing 12, a plurality of multiple marked indicia opaque chance lot spheres 14, an assembly of transparent cubical cells 16, a bent lock control member 18, a resilient flat leaf spring 20 and a fastener 22 to aid in the rapid cycling and locking of the spheres 14a for display and as a convenient way to minimize mixer manipulation and lot selection drudgery while generating chance lot combinations for use in lotteries. \n The masked and fully enclosed mixing housing 12 is composed of top and bottom halves 12a and 12b and is fabricated with one compartment 30. A side of the mixing housing 12 interfaces at 28 with the assembly of transparent cubical cells 16 such that the spheres 14 line-up with the cells 16 closely without jamming. The spheres 14a are all quickly dumped simultaneously into the single row of cubical cells 16 from the compartment 30 as the mixing housing 12 is inclined with cells 16 downward to permit rapid chance lot formation of spheres 14a. \n The lock control member 18 has fingers 24 attached and each finger is dedicated to a cubical cell 16 in a manner allowing the lock control member 18 to move about the fastener 22 and extend all fingers 24 into each transparent cell through top slots 16a to hold each and all chance lot spheres 14a simultaneously within the transparent cells 16 for viewing and recording. A plate 48 can be transversely mounted across top of the cubical cells 16 and in front of the top slots 16a to protect the fingers 24. \n The extended position of the lock control fingers 24 into the cells 16 as shown in FIG. 4a is maintained by the leaf spring 20 applying a force 34 with the aid of the fastener 22 and slope 12c of the mixing compartment 12. Lock control fingers 24 also provide a movable separation between the cells 16 and compartment 30 to permit mixing of spheres 14 and chance lot holding of spheres 14a without loss of chance results regardless of mixer compartment 12 handling positions. \n Application of a force 36 in FIG. 4b to move the lock control member 18 about the fastener 22 retracts all lock control fingers 24 simultaneously out of all cells 16 to quickly dump all spheres 14a from the cells 16 into the compartment 30 as the mixing housing 12 is inclined with cells 16 upward. \n After the dumping of spheres 14a, release of the force 36 will allow the force 34 to return the lock control member 18 to extend the fingers 24 into each cell 16 through the top slots 16a to provide separation from the compartment 30 as in FIG. 4c, for proper random agitation and mixing of the spheres 14. \n After mixing of the spheres 14 in the compartment 30, activation of the lock control member 18 applies the force 36, as in FIG. 4b, to retract the fingers 24 and allows new chance lot spheres 14a to be dumped rapidly into all transparent cubical cells 16 when the mixing housing 12 is inclined with cells 16 downward. \n Release of the force 36 allows the force 34, as shown in FIG. 4a, aided by the leaf spring 20, to again extend the lock control fingers 24 into cells 16 through top slots 16a to hold each and all new chance lot spheres 14a simultaneously within the transparent cells 16 as shown again to complete the cycle to obtain a new lot of marked spheres 14a for viewing and entering. \n Multiple marks on the indicia opaque body of each chance lot sphere 14a within the transparent cubical cell assembly 16 facilitate the viewing of the chance lot spheres 14a from several directions as shown in FIG. 1. \n Mixer manipulation to complete a cycle of agitation and mixing, holding, viewing, dumping and mixing again can be accomplished between mixing housing 12 in an inclined position without the need to invert the mixing housing. To aid the agitation and mixing process perturbators 26 are built into the compartment 30 which with adequate volume, assures that the spheres 14 are forced into random intermixing even during mild mixer agitations. \n Placing of the spheres 14 into the mixing housing 12 can be done during mixer 10 assembly through the interface 28 before the cells 16 are attached to the interface 28. Upon attachment the cells 16 and interface 28 are permanently sealed. Another way of placing the spheres 14 into the mixing housing 12 is shown in FIG. 4a. An aperture 50 is placed at rear of top half 12a of mixing housing 12 with a cap 52 for sealing the aperture 50 after spheres 14 are placed within. \n FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment of a mixer 10'. The mixer 10' contains a masked and fully enclosed plurality mixing housing 12' that is composed of top and bottom halves 12a' and 12b' and is fabricated with more than one compartment 30' depending on the lottery game the mixer 10' is intended for. The compartments 30' are divided by inner walls 32. Likewise the number of multiple indicia marked opaque lot spheres 14 contained within the compartments 30' will also be determined by intended game use. The cubical cells 16' in this embodiment consists of three joined with three respective compartments 30', while the cubical cells 16 in FIGS. 1 and 2 consits of six joined with one compartment 30. Other combinations of cubical cells and dividing inner walls 32 can be used as needed for different lottery games. \n Versatility of the mixer 10 is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 wherein mixer construction permits stacking of a number of mixers 10 within a stacking member 38 in a manner allowing manageable random agitation, mixing, dumping and viewing of multiple combinations of chance lot spheres 14 for rapid determination and recording of sufficient lottery chances to fill a complete game card as a result of one mixing. A joining arm 40 is connected to each of the lock control members 18 to control the marked plurality spheres 14a through the movable separation fingers 24 to simultaneously enter or exit the cubical cells 16 of all mixers 10 by actuation of a single stack lock control shaft 42 to operate the joining arms in unison. Each joining arm 40 extends through a slot 46 in the stacking member 38 to pivotally engage the stack lock control shaft 42 while the shaft 42 is held vertically in place by brackets 44. \n While certain novel features of this invention have been shown and described and are pointed out in the annexed claims, it will be understood that various omissions, substitutions and changes in the forms and details of the device illustrated and in its operation can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention.",
"response": "This abstract describes a versatile plurality mixer with rapid chance lot cycling and locking means. The mixer consists of a mixing housing, marked indicia spheres, transparent cubical cells, a lock control member, a leaf spring, and a fastener. The mixer allows for easy random mixing of the spheres and quick locking of the spheres within the cells for viewing and recording. The mixer can be manipulated to complete a cycle of agitation, mixing, holding, viewing, and dumping without the need to invert the housing. The mixer is economical to manufacture and simple to use. Different embodiments are also described."
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} | false | The response accurately summarizes the context provided, which describes the invention of a versatile plurality mixer with rapid chance lot cycling and locking means. The response captures the essence of the invention, including its components such as the mixing housing, marked indicia spheres, transparent cubical cells, lock control member, leaf spring, and fastener. It also correctly mentions the functionality of the mixer, such as allowing for easy random mixing and quick locking for viewing and recording, as well as the ability to manipulate the mixer through a cycle without inverting it. The response does not introduce any information that is not present in the context, and it remains faithful to the details provided about the invention, its operation, and its different embodiments. | 0 | {
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TECHNICAL FIELD
This disclosure relates generally to pet carriers. More particularly, the disclosure relates to a deployable pet carrier for a motor vehicle, the carrier being conveniently disposed within the vehicle for easy access and use.
BACKGROUND
Persons often must travel in their motor vehicles with their pets, for example for veterinary appointments, when moving, or even simply for companionship. However, an unrestrained animal in a vehicle presents a driver distraction and so potentially a hazard. Additionally, in the event of even a minor collision, an unrestrained animal is subject to severe injury. Still more, even a small unrestrained pet subjected to deceleration forces in a collision becomes a dangerous projectile that can injure the vehicle occupants.
For these and other reasons, various means of restraining animals in a vehicle have been developed. It is known, for example, to restrain animals by attaching a leash or other tether at one end to a collar or harness worn by the animal and at the other end to a portion of the vehicle such as a seatbelt harness, door handle, etc. This type of restraint likewise risks injury to the animal during a collision, since the animal will travel at least a short distance before reaching the end of the leash, exacerbating the deceleration force of the collision. Also, a leashed pet may be less likely to exercise restraint in relieving itself in the vehicle at need.
It is likewise known to use pet carriers to transport an animal in a vehicle. These are typically simply conventional carriers or crates as would be used in a home, placed loose in the vehicle and into which the animal is placed prior to operating the vehicle. However, such loose crates likewise become projectiles during a collision, risking injury to vehicle occupants. Conventional crates or pet carriers, while effective in restraining an animal, are also inconvenient in that they occupy significant space in a vehicle even if no pet is present.
To solve this and other problems, the present disclosure relates at a high level to a deployable pet carrier. Advantageously, the described deployable pet carrier is configured for securing to a motor vehicle seat back, includes collapsible side walls for pet security, and further includes a convenient deploying mechanism.
SUMMARY
In accordance with the purposes and benefits described herein, in one aspect a deployable pet carrier assembly for a vehicle is described. The carrier assembly includes a sliding rail guide system configured to attach the pet carrier to a vehicle seat back and collapsible front, rear, and side walls defining a carrier structure when deployed. The sliding guide rail system includes front and rear guide rails configured to slidingly hold the pet carrier front wall and rear wall. An actuator is provided, configured to retain or release the pet carrier walls for transitioning the pet carrier between a collapsed configuration and a deployed configuration.
In embodiments, each of the pet carrier front wall and rear wall is defined by a plurality of intersecting rails configured to provide a collapsible grid. Likewise, in embodiments each of the pet carrier side walls is defined by a plurality of interconnected panels configured to provide a collapsible panel. A tray is provided to define a floor for the carrier.
In the following description, there are shown and described embodiments of the disclosed deployable pet carrier. As it should be realized, the carrier is capable of other, different embodiments and its several details are capable of modification in various, obvious aspects all without departing from the devices and methods as set forth and described in the following claims. Accordingly, the drawings and descriptions should be regarded as illustrative in nature and not as restrictive.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The accompanying drawing figures incorporated herein and forming a part of the specification, illustrate several aspects of the disclosed deployable pet carrier, and together with the description serve to explain certain principles thereof. In the drawing:
FIG. 1 depicts a deployable pet carrier according to the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 depicts deployed front and rear walls of the carrier of FIG. 1 ;
FIG. 3 depicts a deployed folding wall of the carrier of FIG. 1 ;
FIG. 4A depicts the carrier of FIG. 1 in the stored configuration, including an actuator embodiment for deploying the carrier;
FIG. 4B shows the actuator embodiment of FIG. 4A in isolation;
FIG. 5 depicts the carrier of FIG. 1 in the stored configuration, attached to an upright seat back of a second row seat of a motor vehicle;
FIG. 6 shows the carrier of FIG. 5 with the second row seat back folded forward; and
FIG. 7 depicts the carrier of FIG. 6 in the deployed configuration.
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the disclosed deployable pet carrier, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawing figures.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Turning to FIG. 1 , a collapsible pet carrier assembly 10 is depicted, configured for attaching to a vehicle seat back 12 . Broadly, the pet carrier assembly 10 includes collapsible front and rear walls 14 , 14 ′ and collapsible side walls 16 , 16 ′. Front and rear (not visible in this view) guide rails 18 , 18 ′ slidingly hold at least the front and rear walls 14 , 14 ′ and secure the pet carrier assembly 10 to the vehicle seat back 12 . In one embodiment, at least one edge of front and rear walls 14 , 14 ′ is pivotally attached to a corresponding end of guide rails 18 , 18 ′ (see arrow).
A tray 20 is provided which serves as a floor for the pet carrier 10 , optionally including a separate or integral perforated mat 22 . As will be appreciated, the mat 22 provides a surface for a pet (not shown) having greater grip, and further allows drainage of liquid onto tray 20 in the event the pet relieves itself. Conveniently, tray 20 and mat 22 are removable for ease of cleaning and replacement at need. Molded studs or other fasteners (not visible in this view) prevent inadvertent dislodgment of the tray 20 /mat 22 when the pet carrier assembly 10 is held in a stored configuration as discussed below.
In an embodiment (see FIG. 2 ), the front and rear walls 14 , 14 ′ are defined by a plurality of intersecting rails 24 , pivotally interconnected one to another to define a collapsible grid structure. A plurality of first rods 26 pivotally connect the edges of front wall 14 to the corresponding edges of rear wall 14 ′, similar in design to a collapsible laundry rack as is known in the art. Intersecting rails 24 may be pivotally interconnected by any suitable structure, such as by pins 28 as shown. In turn, for each of front and rear walls 14 , 14 ′, a lowermost end an intersecting rail 24 is pivotally connected to a corresponding end of front and rear guide rails 18 , 18 ′, such as by a pin 29 or in an alternative embodiment (not shown) by passing an end of a bottom-most first rod 26 through an aperture in an end of each of front and rear guide rails 18 , 18 ′. As will be appreciated, this feature of a plurality of intersecting rails 24 pivotally interconnected one to another to define collapsible front and rear walls 14 , 14 ′ allows altering a width dimension of front and rear walls 14 , 14 ′ during deployment and collapsing of the pet carrier assembly 10 as will be discussed.
An embodiment of side walls 16 , 16 ′ is shown in FIG. 3 . As shown therein, each of side walls 16 , 16 ′ is defined by a plurality of interconnected panels 30 . Each panel 30 is configured to pivotally accept a first rod 26 through a first edge thereof. In turn, each panel 30 is likewise configured to pivotally accept a second rod 32 through a second, opposed edge thereof, thus interconnecting the plurality of panels 30 to define a collapsible panel side wall that is substantially solid when the pet carrier 10 is in the deployed configuration. In the depicted embodiment, hinge structures 34 are defined in the first and second edges of the panels 30 to allow interconnection thereof as described. As will be appreciated, this feature of interconnected panels 30 to define collapsible side walls 16 , 16 ′ preserves a width dimension of side walls 16 , 16 ′ during deployment and collapsing of the pet carrier assembly 10 as will be discussed.
With reference to FIGS. 4A and 4B , the pet carrier assembly 10 further includes an actuator 36 for retaining the carrier in either the collapsed or the deployed configuration. In one embodiment, the actuator 36 is simply a pushbutton release 38 , including a spring 40 for biasing pushbutton 38 outwardly through a first bore 42 defined in front rail 18 . In this configuration, the pet carrier 10 is in the collapsed configuration shown in FIG. 4A . To deploy the carrier, a user need only urge the pushbutton 38 rearwardly against spring 40 (see arrow A) to clear bore 42 , and may then raise front/rear walls 14 , 14 ′ and side walls 16 , 16 ′ upwardly to a deployed configuration.
As the carrier is deployed, the “footprint” defined by front/rear walls 14 , 14 ′ and side walls 16 , 16 ′ decreases slightly, and pushbutton 38 translates laterally (see arrow B). As the carrier reaches the fully deployed configuration (see FIG. 7 ), pushbutton 38 reaches and engages a second bore 44 , thus maintaining deployed configuration until a user wishes to collapse the structure. Of course, the process of collapsing the carrier is simply the inverse of the process of deploying as described above.
Turning now to FIGS. 5-7 , conveniently the pet carrier assembly 10 is secured in the collapsed configuration to an upright vehicle V seatback 12 by guide rails 18 , 18 ′ (see FIG. 5 ). As shown, front wall 14 is disposed above rear wall 14 ′. In this configuration, actuator 36 is conveniently accessible to a user by way of passenger door D (not shown in this view, but see FIG. 6 ) when seatback 12 is folded forward. However, although the inverse relationship is also contemplated (rear wall 14 ′ disposed above front wall 14 ). Thus, the pet carrier assembly 10 is conveniently available for use at a moment's notice, but does not occupy a significant portion of the available storage space of, for example, the vehicle cargo area C.
To use the pet carrier assembly 10 , at least the portion of vehicle seat back 12 to which the carrier is secured is folded forward (see FIG. 6 ). Next, the pet carrier is deployed as described above, by operation of actuator 36 , and the carrier is translated to the deployed configuration ( FIG. 7 ). During this translation, as the front/rear walls 14 , 14 ′ and side walls 16 , 16 ′ are raised, the carrier footprint decreases slightly as described above, i.e. front/rear walls 14 , 14 ′ lessen in width and side wall 16 ′ translates towards side wall 16 without altering a width dimension thereof (note the greater portion of guide rails 18 , 18 ′ visible in the deployed configuration compared to the collapsed configuration of FIG. 6 ). Then, actuator 36 engages second bore 44 (not visible in this view) to retain the carrier in the deployed configuration.
Typically, a pet is placed on tray 20 /mat 22 before deploying the pet carrier assembly 10 as described above. This is because after deployment the vehicle roof/headliner is typically sufficiently near a top edge of front/rear walls 14 , 14 ′ and side walls 16 , 16 ′ that the vehicle roof/headliner serves as a de facto lid or top for the pet carrier assembly 10 . However, it will be appreciated that alternative configurations are possible, for example providing a separate lid or top (not shown) for a pet carrier assembly 10 having shorter walls or when using the pet carrier assembly in a vehicle having a higher roof/headliner to prevent the pet from inadvertently exiting the carrier.
Thus, it will be appreciated that a simple, effective vehicle-mounted pet carrier is provided, which is stored in a vehicle without significant negative impact on available storage space in the vehicle. The carrier is easily deployed for use as needed, and equally easily collapsed for storage when not needed. Obvious modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings. All such modifications and variations are within the scope of the appended claims when interpreted in accordance with the breadth to which they are fairly, legally and equitably entitled. | A deployable pet carrier assembly for a vehicle includes a sliding rail guide system configured to attach the pet carrier to a vehicle seat back and collapsible front, rear, and side walls defining a box structure when deployed. An actuator is provided, configured to retain or release the pet carrier walls for transitioning the pet carrier between a collapsed configuration and a deployed configuration. The sliding guide rail system includes front and rear guide rails configured to slidingly hold the pet carrier front wall and rear wall. A tray may be included to define a floor of the pet carrier. | This paper presents a deployable pet carrier for motor vehicles that provides a convenient and secure way to transport pets. The carrier is designed to attach to the seat back of a vehicle and features collapsible walls for easy deployment and storage. The carrier includes a sliding rail guide system that holds the front and rear walls and an actuator that allows for transitioning between the collapsed and deployed configurations. The front and rear walls are defined by intersecting rails, while the side walls are made up of interconnected panels. The carrier also includes a removable tray with a perforated mat for easy cleaning. The actuator ensures that the carrier remains securely in the deployed configuration. Overall, this deployable pet carrier offers a space-saving and practical solution for transporting pets in motor vehicles. | {
"name": "Irftc",
"display_name": "Faithfulness",
"data": {
"query": "Summarize the context",
"context": "TECHNICAL FIELD \n This disclosure relates generally to pet carriers. More particularly, the disclosure relates to a deployable pet carrier for a motor vehicle, the carrier being conveniently disposed within the vehicle for easy access and use. \n BACKGROUND \n Persons often must travel in their motor vehicles with their pets, for example for veterinary appointments, when moving, or even simply for companionship. However, an unrestrained animal in a vehicle presents a driver distraction and so potentially a hazard. Additionally, in the event of even a minor collision, an unrestrained animal is subject to severe injury. Still more, even a small unrestrained pet subjected to deceleration forces in a collision becomes a dangerous projectile that can injure the vehicle occupants. \n For these and other reasons, various means of restraining animals in a vehicle have been developed. It is known, for example, to restrain animals by attaching a leash or other tether at one end to a collar or harness worn by the animal and at the other end to a portion of the vehicle such as a seatbelt harness, door handle, etc. This type of restraint likewise risks injury to the animal during a collision, since the animal will travel at least a short distance before reaching the end of the leash, exacerbating the deceleration force of the collision. Also, a leashed pet may be less likely to exercise restraint in relieving itself in the vehicle at need. \n It is likewise known to use pet carriers to transport an animal in a vehicle. These are typically simply conventional carriers or crates as would be used in a home, placed loose in the vehicle and into which the animal is placed prior to operating the vehicle. However, such loose crates likewise become projectiles during a collision, risking injury to vehicle occupants. Conventional crates or pet carriers, while effective in restraining an animal, are also inconvenient in that they occupy significant space in a vehicle even if no pet is present. \n To solve this and other problems, the present disclosure relates at a high level to a deployable pet carrier. Advantageously, the described deployable pet carrier is configured for securing to a motor vehicle seat back, includes collapsible side walls for pet security, and further includes a convenient deploying mechanism. \n SUMMARY \n In accordance with the purposes and benefits described herein, in one aspect a deployable pet carrier assembly for a vehicle is described. The carrier assembly includes a sliding rail guide system configured to attach the pet carrier to a vehicle seat back and collapsible front, rear, and side walls defining a carrier structure when deployed. The sliding guide rail system includes front and rear guide rails configured to slidingly hold the pet carrier front wall and rear wall. An actuator is provided, configured to retain or release the pet carrier walls for transitioning the pet carrier between a collapsed configuration and a deployed configuration. \n In embodiments, each of the pet carrier front wall and rear wall is defined by a plurality of intersecting rails configured to provide a collapsible grid. Likewise, in embodiments each of the pet carrier side walls is defined by a plurality of interconnected panels configured to provide a collapsible panel. A tray is provided to define a floor for the carrier. \n In the following description, there are shown and described embodiments of the disclosed deployable pet carrier. As it should be realized, the carrier is capable of other, different embodiments and its several details are capable of modification in various, obvious aspects all without departing from the devices and methods as set forth and described in the following claims. Accordingly, the drawings and descriptions should be regarded as illustrative in nature and not as restrictive. \n \n \n \n BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS \n The accompanying drawing figures incorporated herein and forming a part of the specification, illustrate several aspects of the disclosed deployable pet carrier, and together with the description serve to explain certain principles thereof. In the drawing: \n FIG. 1 depicts a deployable pet carrier according to the present disclosure; \n FIG. 2 depicts deployed front and rear walls of the carrier of FIG. 1 ; \n FIG. 3 depicts a deployed folding wall of the carrier of FIG. 1 ; \n FIG. 4A depicts the carrier of FIG. 1 in the stored configuration, including an actuator embodiment for deploying the carrier; \n FIG. 4B shows the actuator embodiment of FIG. 4A in isolation; \n FIG. 5 depicts the carrier of FIG. 1 in the stored configuration, attached to an upright seat back of a second row seat of a motor vehicle; \n FIG. 6 shows the carrier of FIG. 5 with the second row seat back folded forward; and \n FIG. 7 depicts the carrier of FIG. 6 in the deployed configuration. \n \n \n \n Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the disclosed deployable pet carrier, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawing figures. \n DETAILED DESCRIPTION \n Turning to FIG. 1 , a collapsible pet carrier assembly 10 is depicted, configured for attaching to a vehicle seat back 12 . Broadly, the pet carrier assembly 10 includes collapsible front and rear walls 14 , 14 ′ and collapsible side walls 16 , 16 ′. Front and rear (not visible in this view) guide rails 18 , 18 ′ slidingly hold at least the front and rear walls 14 , 14 ′ and secure the pet carrier assembly 10 to the vehicle seat back 12 . In one embodiment, at least one edge of front and rear walls 14 , 14 ′ is pivotally attached to a corresponding end of guide rails 18 , 18 ′ (see arrow). \n A tray 20 is provided which serves as a floor for the pet carrier 10 , optionally including a separate or integral perforated mat 22 . As will be appreciated, the mat 22 provides a surface for a pet (not shown) having greater grip, and further allows drainage of liquid onto tray 20 in the event the pet relieves itself. Conveniently, tray 20 and mat 22 are removable for ease of cleaning and replacement at need. Molded studs or other fasteners (not visible in this view) prevent inadvertent dislodgment of the tray 20 /mat 22 when the pet carrier assembly 10 is held in a stored configuration as discussed below. \n In an embodiment (see FIG. 2 ), the front and rear walls 14 , 14 ′ are defined by a plurality of intersecting rails 24 , pivotally interconnected one to another to define a collapsible grid structure. A plurality of first rods 26 pivotally connect the edges of front wall 14 to the corresponding edges of rear wall 14 ′, similar in design to a collapsible laundry rack as is known in the art. Intersecting rails 24 may be pivotally interconnected by any suitable structure, such as by pins 28 as shown. In turn, for each of front and rear walls 14 , 14 ′, a lowermost end an intersecting rail 24 is pivotally connected to a corresponding end of front and rear guide rails 18 , 18 ′, such as by a pin 29 or in an alternative embodiment (not shown) by passing an end of a bottom-most first rod 26 through an aperture in an end of each of front and rear guide rails 18 , 18 ′. As will be appreciated, this feature of a plurality of intersecting rails 24 pivotally interconnected one to another to define collapsible front and rear walls 14 , 14 ′ allows altering a width dimension of front and rear walls 14 , 14 ′ during deployment and collapsing of the pet carrier assembly 10 as will be discussed. \n An embodiment of side walls 16 , 16 ′ is shown in FIG. 3 . As shown therein, each of side walls 16 , 16 ′ is defined by a plurality of interconnected panels 30 . Each panel 30 is configured to pivotally accept a first rod 26 through a first edge thereof. In turn, each panel 30 is likewise configured to pivotally accept a second rod 32 through a second, opposed edge thereof, thus interconnecting the plurality of panels 30 to define a collapsible panel side wall that is substantially solid when the pet carrier 10 is in the deployed configuration. In the depicted embodiment, hinge structures 34 are defined in the first and second edges of the panels 30 to allow interconnection thereof as described. As will be appreciated, this feature of interconnected panels 30 to define collapsible side walls 16 , 16 ′ preserves a width dimension of side walls 16 , 16 ′ during deployment and collapsing of the pet carrier assembly 10 as will be discussed. \n With reference to FIGS. 4A and 4B , the pet carrier assembly 10 further includes an actuator 36 for retaining the carrier in either the collapsed or the deployed configuration. In one embodiment, the actuator 36 is simply a pushbutton release 38 , including a spring 40 for biasing pushbutton 38 outwardly through a first bore 42 defined in front rail 18 . In this configuration, the pet carrier 10 is in the collapsed configuration shown in FIG. 4A . To deploy the carrier, a user need only urge the pushbutton 38 rearwardly against spring 40 (see arrow A) to clear bore 42 , and may then raise front/rear walls 14 , 14 ′ and side walls 16 , 16 ′ upwardly to a deployed configuration. \n As the carrier is deployed, the “footprint” defined by front/rear walls 14 , 14 ′ and side walls 16 , 16 ′ decreases slightly, and pushbutton 38 translates laterally (see arrow B). As the carrier reaches the fully deployed configuration (see FIG. 7 ), pushbutton 38 reaches and engages a second bore 44 , thus maintaining deployed configuration until a user wishes to collapse the structure. Of course, the process of collapsing the carrier is simply the inverse of the process of deploying as described above. \n Turning now to FIGS. 5-7 , conveniently the pet carrier assembly 10 is secured in the collapsed configuration to an upright vehicle V seatback 12 by guide rails 18 , 18 ′ (see FIG. 5 ). As shown, front wall 14 is disposed above rear wall 14 ′. In this configuration, actuator 36 is conveniently accessible to a user by way of passenger door D (not shown in this view, but see FIG. 6 ) when seatback 12 is folded forward. However, although the inverse relationship is also contemplated (rear wall 14 ′ disposed above front wall 14 ). Thus, the pet carrier assembly 10 is conveniently available for use at a moment's notice, but does not occupy a significant portion of the available storage space of, for example, the vehicle cargo area C. \n To use the pet carrier assembly 10 , at least the portion of vehicle seat back 12 to which the carrier is secured is folded forward (see FIG. 6 ). Next, the pet carrier is deployed as described above, by operation of actuator 36 , and the carrier is translated to the deployed configuration ( FIG. 7 ). During this translation, as the front/rear walls 14 , 14 ′ and side walls 16 , 16 ′ are raised, the carrier footprint decreases slightly as described above, i.e. front/rear walls 14 , 14 ′ lessen in width and side wall 16 ′ translates towards side wall 16 without altering a width dimension thereof (note the greater portion of guide rails 18 , 18 ′ visible in the deployed configuration compared to the collapsed configuration of FIG. 6 ). Then, actuator 36 engages second bore 44 (not visible in this view) to retain the carrier in the deployed configuration. \n Typically, a pet is placed on tray 20 /mat 22 before deploying the pet carrier assembly 10 as described above. This is because after deployment the vehicle roof/headliner is typically sufficiently near a top edge of front/rear walls 14 , 14 ′ and side walls 16 , 16 ′ that the vehicle roof/headliner serves as a de facto lid or top for the pet carrier assembly 10 . However, it will be appreciated that alternative configurations are possible, for example providing a separate lid or top (not shown) for a pet carrier assembly 10 having shorter walls or when using the pet carrier assembly in a vehicle having a higher roof/headliner to prevent the pet from inadvertently exiting the carrier. \n Thus, it will be appreciated that a simple, effective vehicle-mounted pet carrier is provided, which is stored in a vehicle without significant negative impact on available storage space in the vehicle. The carrier is easily deployed for use as needed, and equally easily collapsed for storage when not needed. Obvious modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings. All such modifications and variations are within the scope of the appended claims when interpreted in accordance with the breadth to which they are fairly, legally and equitably entitled.",
"response": "This paper presents a deployable pet carrier for motor vehicles that provides a convenient and secure way to transport pets. The carrier is designed to attach to the seat back of a vehicle and features collapsible walls for easy deployment and storage. The carrier includes a sliding rail guide system that holds the front and rear walls and an actuator that allows for transitioning between the collapsed and deployed configurations. The front and rear walls are defined by intersecting rails, while the side walls are made up of interconnected panels. The carrier also includes a removable tray with a perforated mat for easy cleaning. The actuator ensures that the carrier remains securely in the deployed configuration. Overall, this deployable pet carrier offers a space-saving and practical solution for transporting pets in motor vehicles."
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"reason": "The response accurately summarizes the information provided in the context about the deployable pet carrier. It mentions the key features such as the attachment to the vehicle seat back, collapsible walls, sliding rail guide system, actuator for transitioning configurations, intersecting rails for the front and rear walls, interconnected panels for the side walls, and the removable tray with a perforated mat. The response also correctly captures the benefits of the deployable pet carrier as described in the context, such as easy deployment and storage, and secure transportation of pets in motor vehicles. There is no additional information in the response that is not supported by the context provided.",
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} | false | The response accurately summarizes the information provided in the context about the deployable pet carrier. It mentions the key features such as the attachment to the vehicle seat back, collapsible walls, sliding rail guide system, actuator for transitioning configurations, intersecting rails for the front and rear walls, interconnected panels for the side walls, and the removable tray with a perforated mat. The response also correctly captures the benefits of the deployable pet carrier as described in the context, such as easy deployment and storage, and secure transportation of pets in motor vehicles. There is no additional information in the response that is not supported by the context provided. | 0 | {
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FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to bird feeders and more particularly, relates to selective bird feeders.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Selective bird feeders are well known in the art and they are designed to limit the maximum size of a bird or animal which can access the seeds in the feeder. There are many reasons for excluding certain birds and animals including the fact that for many people, certain bird species may be regarded as undesirable. Many people only wish to have smaller birds present at the feeder and not many of the larger birds. Thus, some of the larger birds such as crows, grackles, blue jays, and the like are considered by a segment of the population to be undesirable.
[0003] A further problem associated with bird feeders is that some of the larger birds and animals which gain access to the seeds can devour a large quantity thereof in a relatively short period of time. Again, for many people, this is considered to be undesirable as the cost of maintaining the feeder full exceeds the capability of the person to purchase the seeds. Furthermore, many of these larger birds and animals can create quite a mess as they often tend to merely throw the seeds on the ground.
[0004] One animal in particular which many people consider undesirable is the squirrel. However, the squirrels are well known for their ability to overcome most of the devices designed to prevent them from reaching the seeds.
[0005] In order to overcome these problems, many feeders have a mechanism which renders them more or less squirrel proof. Generally, these arrangements utilize a movable shroud which moves into and out of a position whereby the seed can be accessed. Typically, such bird feeders utilize an arrangement wherein one of the shroud or seed tube is biased by a spring such that when a larger weight lands on the shroud, the shroud moves relative to the seed tube.
[0006] An important component of such squirrel proof bird feeders is the cover member which must be designed to cooperate with the moveable shroud while also permitting ready access to the seed tube for filling of the same.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] It is an object of the present invention to provide a cover arrangement suitable for use with a squirrel proof bird feeder and which cover arrangement provides for secure locking of the same while permitting easy removal thereof.
[0008] According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a squirrel proof bird feeder having a feed tube and a shroud surrounding at least a portion of the feed tube, and a cover, the improvement comprising an arrangement wherein the cover has at least one downwardly extending wall, a protrusion formed on an inwardly facing surface of the downwardly extending wall, a side wall of at least one of the feed tube and shroud having a key way to permit entry of the protrusion, the key way having a vertical entry way, a horizontal portion, and an upper recessed portion and the bird feeder having biasing means to bias the cover upwardly.
[0009] According to the present invention, the cover may be attached to either the feed tube or the shroud or alternatively, to a member seated on top of one of the seed tube or shroud. A locking arrangement between the cover and the seed tube/shroud is provided which biases the cover into a locking arrangement.
[0010] As previously discussed, the key way includes an entry, a lead in portion, and an upper recessed portion. The lead in permits the protrusion on the cover to pass downwardly as the cover is placed in position. Thus, the entry is preferably vertical or in a generally vertical position though a diagonally extending entry could also be employed.
[0011] The recessed portion maintains the protrusion in position to effectively lock the cover to a body portion of the bird feeder.
[0012] Extending between the entry and the recessed portion is a lead in portion. This lead in portion may be generally horizontal though, as will be understood by those knowledgeable in the art, the lead in portion may extend somewhat diagonally. Indeed, the entry and the lead in portions may be combined into a single entity extending diagonally within the wall and this arrangement is considered equivalent to the disclosed embodiment.
[0013] The key way may be formed in the feed tube, in the shroud, or in a separate member which is attached to either the shroud or feed tube. A preferred embodiment comprises a collar sitting on top of the shroud and secured thereto. The collar can have an inner and outer wall, with the outer wall having a pair of key ways formed therein as will be described in the embodiment illustrated in the drawings.
[0014] The biasing means are effective to exert an upward pressure on the cover when it is in the locked position. Conveniently, a plurality of biasing members may be employed with each biasing member having a shaft enclosed in a recess with a coil spring extending thereabout. The coil spring will exert an upward pressure on a head portion of the biasing member.
[0015] In an alternative embodiment, the biasing member may exert a biasing force on the bird feeders which have a centrally located post interiorly of the feed container.
[0016] In a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided an arrangement wherein the cover is secured by means of biasing members extending outwardly and which have a protrusion designed to engage with a recess formed in a side wall of the cover. In this arrangement, a simple inward pressure on one or more of the members permits the removal of the cover.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] Having thus generally described the invention, reference will be made to the accompanying drawings illustrating embodiments thereof, in which:
[0018] Figure is a sectional view of a cover arrangement for a bird feeder according to one embodiment of the present invention;
[0019] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of collar portion of the embodiment of FIG. 1 ;
[0020] FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view of the cover and collar illustrating the biassing of the cover;
[0021] FIG. 4 is an exploded view of a cover and collar according to a further embodiment of the present invention;
[0022] FIG. 5 is view similar to FIG. 2 with a portion of the collar being cut away;
[0023] FIG. 6 is cross sectional view through the upper portion of a bird feeder having the cover and collar of FIGS. 4 and 5 ;
[0024] FIG. 7 is an exploded view of a further embodiment of the present invention;
[0025] FIG. 8 is an exploded view of a variation of the embodiment of FIG. 7 ;
[0026] FIG. 9 is a further variation of the embodiment of FIG. 7 ; and
[0027] FIG. 10 is an exploded view of a still further variation thereof.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0028] Referring to the drawings in greater detail and by reference characters thereto, there is illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3 a first embodiment of the present invention which will now be described.
[0029] As may be seen in FIG. 1 , there is provided a cover generally designated by reference numeral 10 along with a ring or collar generally designated by reference numeral 12 .
[0030] Cover 10 includes an upper dome portion 14 which has a centrally located aperture 16 therein through which a cable or other hanging means may extend. Dome portion 14 merges, at its lower end, with a concave arcuate transition portion 18 which in turn merges with a horizontal portion 20 . At its outer extremity, horizontal portion 20 merges with a convex arcuate transition portion 22 which leads to a substantially vertical side wall 24 . From side wall 24 , there is provided a further concave arcuate transition portion 36 and which terminates in a drip edge 28 . As will be noted, there are provided a plurality of dimples or projections 30 on side wall 24 .
[0031] Collar 12 is best illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 and reference will now be had thereto. Collar 12 includes an inner side wall 32 , an outer side wall 34 , and a top wall 35 extending between inner side wall 32 and outer side wall 34 . On the interiorly facing surface of inner side wall 32 , there are provided a pair of vertical recesses 36 for reasons which are best set forth in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. filed in the name of Paul Cote contemporaneously with the present application. Similarly, there are provided a plurality of centering ribs 38 for a feed tube (not shown). In outer side wall 34 , there is provided a key way generally designated by reference numeral 40 and which includes an entry way 42 , a first ramped portion 44 formed on the lower marginal edge of inner side wall 32 , a horizontal edge 46 , and a recess portion 48 . Thus, key way 40 is designed to receive a dimple or protrusion 30 and as the cover is placed in position, dimple or protrusion 30 will slide along ramped portion 44 and horizontal portion 46 of the lower marginal edge of inner side wall 32 to seat within recess portion 48 .
[0032] As best seen in FIG. 3 , in intermediate inner side wall 32 and outer side wall 34 there are provided solid portions or sections 50 which have an interior recess 52 . A biasing member 54 fits within recess 52 and includes a stem 56 , an enlarged head 58 , and a lower stop portion 60 . Extending about stem 56 is a coil spring 62 . Thus, the biasing member 54 is urged upwardly to seat against horizontal section 20 of cover 10 and urge the same to maintain a locked position wherein dimple 30 is seated within recess portion 48 .
[0033] A plurality of attaching hooks 64 are provided for securing collar 12 to a shroud.
[0034] Turning to the embodiment of FIGS. 4 to 6 , there is illustrated therein a cover 68 and a collar generally designated by reference numeral 80 .
[0035] Collar 68 includes a plurality of sloped panels 70 each having a concave arcuate transition portion 72 which merges with a substantially vertical side wall 74 . At the end of side wall 74 , there is provided a drip edge 76 .
[0036] Located centrally of sloped panels 70 is an aperture 77 through which a cable or hanging member may pass. As will be seen in the drawings, there are provided apertures 78 in two of the side wall panels 74 .
[0037] Collar 80 includes an inner wall 82 , an outer wall 84 and a top wall 86 extending between inner wall 82 and outer wall 84 . Also mounted between inner wall 82 and outer wall 84 is a biasing means generally designated by reference numeral 88 .
[0038] Biasing means 88 comprises a U-shaped resilient member 90 having first and second legs 92 , 94 joined together by a bight 96 . On second leg 94 , at one end thereof, there is provided a button 98 which is sized to fit within an aperture 78 in side wall 74 of cover 68 .
[0039] The bird feeder will include a shroud as is shown in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. filed in the name of Paul Cote contemporaneously with the present application. A cable 102 is provided for hanging the feeder which is attached to an inner post 104 .
[0040] Thus, as may be seen, by depressing the button 98 , the cover is free to be removed and access may be had to an interior feed tube.
[0041] An alternative embodiment is illustrated in FIG. 7 wherein reference numerals in the hundreds. are employed. In this arrangement, there is provided a cover 110 which seats within a key way 142 formed in collar 112 . However, in this instance, cover 112 is placed on a feed tube 111 . A biasing arrangement 115 which will be described in greater detail hereinbelow is provided.
[0042] In the embodiment of FIG. 8 , a cover 210 is designed to fit directly on a seed tube 211 which has a key way 242 formed therein. Again, a central biasing means 215 is provided.
[0043] In the embodiment of FIG. 9 , a cover 310 is designed to seat directly on a shroud 317 having key way 342 therein. Again, a central biasing means 315 is provided.
[0044] In FIG. 10 , a cover 410 is designed to seat directly on a shroud 417 . In this embodiment, shroud 417 has a solid upper portion 403 which has a key way 442 formed therein.
[0045] Biasing means 415 includes a lower housing having a base 417 which is designed to sit on cover 419 which covers a central tube in the bird feeder. Extending upwardly from base 417 is a wall 421 which has an enlarged portion 423 at a distal end thereof. An upper housing 425 also has, at its lower end, inwardly extending flanges 429 while interiorly of wall 421 , there is provided a biasing spring 427 which will push the upper housing 425 upwardly to seat against the upper portion of cover 410 .
[0046] It will be understood that the above described embodiment is for purposes of illustration only and changes and modifications may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. | A cover for a selective type bird feeder, the cover having at least one downwardly extending wall with a protrusion formed on an inwardly facing surface of the downwardly extending wall and a side wall of a shroud or feed tube having a keyway to permit entry of the protrusion, and a biasing member to bias the cover upwardly. The cover arrangement provides for easy removal and replacement while permitting access to the inside of the feed tube. | This paper presents the design of a cover arrangement for a squirrel-proof bird feeder. The cover is designed to securely lock the feeder while allowing for easy removal. The cover has a downwardly extending wall with a protrusion, and the feed tube or shroud has a key way to accommodate the protrusion. The cover is attached to either the feed tube or shroud, and a locking arrangement biases the cover into a locked position. The paper also describes different embodiments of the cover arrangement and the use of biasing means to exert upward pressure on the cover. Overall, this invention provides an effective solution for preventing unwanted animals from accessing bird feeders. | {
"name": "Irftc",
"display_name": "Faithfulness",
"data": {
"query": "Summarize the context",
"context": "FIELD OF THE INVENTION \n [0001] The present invention relates to bird feeders and more particularly, relates to selective bird feeders. \n BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION \n [0002] Selective bird feeders are well known in the art and they are designed to limit the maximum size of a bird or animal which can access the seeds in the feeder. There are many reasons for excluding certain birds and animals including the fact that for many people, certain bird species may be regarded as undesirable. Many people only wish to have smaller birds present at the feeder and not many of the larger birds. Thus, some of the larger birds such as crows, grackles, blue jays, and the like are considered by a segment of the population to be undesirable. \n [0003] A further problem associated with bird feeders is that some of the larger birds and animals which gain access to the seeds can devour a large quantity thereof in a relatively short period of time. Again, for many people, this is considered to be undesirable as the cost of maintaining the feeder full exceeds the capability of the person to purchase the seeds. Furthermore, many of these larger birds and animals can create quite a mess as they often tend to merely throw the seeds on the ground. \n [0004] One animal in particular which many people consider undesirable is the squirrel. However, the squirrels are well known for their ability to overcome most of the devices designed to prevent them from reaching the seeds. \n [0005] In order to overcome these problems, many feeders have a mechanism which renders them more or less squirrel proof. Generally, these arrangements utilize a movable shroud which moves into and out of a position whereby the seed can be accessed. Typically, such bird feeders utilize an arrangement wherein one of the shroud or seed tube is biased by a spring such that when a larger weight lands on the shroud, the shroud moves relative to the seed tube. \n [0006] An important component of such squirrel proof bird feeders is the cover member which must be designed to cooperate with the moveable shroud while also permitting ready access to the seed tube for filling of the same. \n SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION \n [0007] It is an object of the present invention to provide a cover arrangement suitable for use with a squirrel proof bird feeder and which cover arrangement provides for secure locking of the same while permitting easy removal thereof. \n [0008] According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a squirrel proof bird feeder having a feed tube and a shroud surrounding at least a portion of the feed tube, and a cover, the improvement comprising an arrangement wherein the cover has at least one downwardly extending wall, a protrusion formed on an inwardly facing surface of the downwardly extending wall, a side wall of at least one of the feed tube and shroud having a key way to permit entry of the protrusion, the key way having a vertical entry way, a horizontal portion, and an upper recessed portion and the bird feeder having biasing means to bias the cover upwardly. \n [0009] According to the present invention, the cover may be attached to either the feed tube or the shroud or alternatively, to a member seated on top of one of the seed tube or shroud. A locking arrangement between the cover and the seed tube/shroud is provided which biases the cover into a locking arrangement. \n [0010] As previously discussed, the key way includes an entry, a lead in portion, and an upper recessed portion. The lead in permits the protrusion on the cover to pass downwardly as the cover is placed in position. Thus, the entry is preferably vertical or in a generally vertical position though a diagonally extending entry could also be employed. \n [0011] The recessed portion maintains the protrusion in position to effectively lock the cover to a body portion of the bird feeder. \n [0012] Extending between the entry and the recessed portion is a lead in portion. This lead in portion may be generally horizontal though, as will be understood by those knowledgeable in the art, the lead in portion may extend somewhat diagonally. Indeed, the entry and the lead in portions may be combined into a single entity extending diagonally within the wall and this arrangement is considered equivalent to the disclosed embodiment. \n [0013] The key way may be formed in the feed tube, in the shroud, or in a separate member which is attached to either the shroud or feed tube. A preferred embodiment comprises a collar sitting on top of the shroud and secured thereto. The collar can have an inner and outer wall, with the outer wall having a pair of key ways formed therein as will be described in the embodiment illustrated in the drawings. \n [0014] The biasing means are effective to exert an upward pressure on the cover when it is in the locked position. Conveniently, a plurality of biasing members may be employed with each biasing member having a shaft enclosed in a recess with a coil spring extending thereabout. The coil spring will exert an upward pressure on a head portion of the biasing member. \n [0015] In an alternative embodiment, the biasing member may exert a biasing force on the bird feeders which have a centrally located post interiorly of the feed container. \n [0016] In a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided an arrangement wherein the cover is secured by means of biasing members extending outwardly and which have a protrusion designed to engage with a recess formed in a side wall of the cover. In this arrangement, a simple inward pressure on one or more of the members permits the removal of the cover. \n \n \n BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS \n [0017] Having thus generally described the invention, reference will be made to the accompanying drawings illustrating embodiments thereof, in which: \n [0018] Figure is a sectional view of a cover arrangement for a bird feeder according to one embodiment of the present invention; \n [0019] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of collar portion of the embodiment of FIG. 1 ; \n [0020] FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view of the cover and collar illustrating the biassing of the cover; \n [0021] FIG. 4 is an exploded view of a cover and collar according to a further embodiment of the present invention; \n [0022] FIG. 5 is view similar to FIG. 2 with a portion of the collar being cut away; \n [0023] FIG. 6 is cross sectional view through the upper portion of a bird feeder having the cover and collar of FIGS. 4 and 5 ; \n [0024] FIG. 7 is an exploded view of a further embodiment of the present invention; \n [0025] FIG. 8 is an exploded view of a variation of the embodiment of FIG. 7 ; \n [0026] FIG. 9 is a further variation of the embodiment of FIG. 7 ; and \n [0027] FIG. 10 is an exploded view of a still further variation thereof. \n \n \n DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION \n [0028] Referring to the drawings in greater detail and by reference characters thereto, there is illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3 a first embodiment of the present invention which will now be described. \n [0029] As may be seen in FIG. 1 , there is provided a cover generally designated by reference numeral 10 along with a ring or collar generally designated by reference numeral 12 . \n [0030] Cover 10 includes an upper dome portion 14 which has a centrally located aperture 16 therein through which a cable or other hanging means may extend. Dome portion 14 merges, at its lower end, with a concave arcuate transition portion 18 which in turn merges with a horizontal portion 20 . At its outer extremity, horizontal portion 20 merges with a convex arcuate transition portion 22 which leads to a substantially vertical side wall 24 . From side wall 24 , there is provided a further concave arcuate transition portion 36 and which terminates in a drip edge 28 . As will be noted, there are provided a plurality of dimples or projections 30 on side wall 24 . \n [0031] Collar 12 is best illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 and reference will now be had thereto. Collar 12 includes an inner side wall 32 , an outer side wall 34 , and a top wall 35 extending between inner side wall 32 and outer side wall 34 . On the interiorly facing surface of inner side wall 32 , there are provided a pair of vertical recesses 36 for reasons which are best set forth in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. filed in the name of Paul Cote contemporaneously with the present application. Similarly, there are provided a plurality of centering ribs 38 for a feed tube (not shown). In outer side wall 34 , there is provided a key way generally designated by reference numeral 40 and which includes an entry way 42 , a first ramped portion 44 formed on the lower marginal edge of inner side wall 32 , a horizontal edge 46 , and a recess portion 48 . Thus, key way 40 is designed to receive a dimple or protrusion 30 and as the cover is placed in position, dimple or protrusion 30 will slide along ramped portion 44 and horizontal portion 46 of the lower marginal edge of inner side wall 32 to seat within recess portion 48 . \n [0032] As best seen in FIG. 3 , in intermediate inner side wall 32 and outer side wall 34 there are provided solid portions or sections 50 which have an interior recess 52 . A biasing member 54 fits within recess 52 and includes a stem 56 , an enlarged head 58 , and a lower stop portion 60 . Extending about stem 56 is a coil spring 62 . Thus, the biasing member 54 is urged upwardly to seat against horizontal section 20 of cover 10 and urge the same to maintain a locked position wherein dimple 30 is seated within recess portion 48 . \n [0033] A plurality of attaching hooks 64 are provided for securing collar 12 to a shroud. \n [0034] Turning to the embodiment of FIGS. 4 to 6 , there is illustrated therein a cover 68 and a collar generally designated by reference numeral 80 . \n [0035] Collar 68 includes a plurality of sloped panels 70 each having a concave arcuate transition portion 72 which merges with a substantially vertical side wall 74 . At the end of side wall 74 , there is provided a drip edge 76 . \n [0036] Located centrally of sloped panels 70 is an aperture 77 through which a cable or hanging member may pass. As will be seen in the drawings, there are provided apertures 78 in two of the side wall panels 74 . \n [0037] Collar 80 includes an inner wall 82 , an outer wall 84 and a top wall 86 extending between inner wall 82 and outer wall 84 . Also mounted between inner wall 82 and outer wall 84 is a biasing means generally designated by reference numeral 88 . \n [0038] Biasing means 88 comprises a U-shaped resilient member 90 having first and second legs 92 , 94 joined together by a bight 96 . On second leg 94 , at one end thereof, there is provided a button 98 which is sized to fit within an aperture 78 in side wall 74 of cover 68 . \n [0039] The bird feeder will include a shroud as is shown in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. filed in the name of Paul Cote contemporaneously with the present application. A cable 102 is provided for hanging the feeder which is attached to an inner post 104 . \n [0040] Thus, as may be seen, by depressing the button 98 , the cover is free to be removed and access may be had to an interior feed tube. \n [0041] An alternative embodiment is illustrated in FIG. 7 wherein reference numerals in the hundreds. are employed. In this arrangement, there is provided a cover 110 which seats within a key way 142 formed in collar 112 . However, in this instance, cover 112 is placed on a feed tube 111 . A biasing arrangement 115 which will be described in greater detail hereinbelow is provided. \n [0042] In the embodiment of FIG. 8 , a cover 210 is designed to fit directly on a seed tube 211 which has a key way 242 formed therein. Again, a central biasing means 215 is provided. \n [0043] In the embodiment of FIG. 9 , a cover 310 is designed to seat directly on a shroud 317 having key way 342 therein. Again, a central biasing means 315 is provided. \n [0044] In FIG. 10 , a cover 410 is designed to seat directly on a shroud 417 . In this embodiment, shroud 417 has a solid upper portion 403 which has a key way 442 formed therein. \n [0045] Biasing means 415 includes a lower housing having a base 417 which is designed to sit on cover 419 which covers a central tube in the bird feeder. Extending upwardly from base 417 is a wall 421 which has an enlarged portion 423 at a distal end thereof. An upper housing 425 also has, at its lower end, inwardly extending flanges 429 while interiorly of wall 421 , there is provided a biasing spring 427 which will push the upper housing 425 upwardly to seat against the upper portion of cover 410 . \n [0046] It will be understood that the above described embodiment is for purposes of illustration only and changes and modifications may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.",
"response": "This paper presents the design of a cover arrangement for a squirrel-proof bird feeder. The cover is designed to securely lock the feeder while allowing for easy removal. The cover has a downwardly extending wall with a protrusion, and the feed tube or shroud has a key way to accommodate the protrusion. The cover is attached to either the feed tube or shroud, and a locking arrangement biases the cover into a locked position. The paper also describes different embodiments of the cover arrangement and the use of biasing means to exert upward pressure on the cover. Overall, this invention provides an effective solution for preventing unwanted animals from accessing bird feeders."
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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a dendritic compound, and more particularly, to a dendritic compound suitable for chelating with metal cations.
2. Description of Related Art
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is one of the most significant diagnosing techniques in modern medical science. Compared to X-rays or CT scanning, MRI provides multi-angle scanning which can be applied to the central nerve system, the skeletal nerve system, the abdomen, the chest, angiography, cholangiography, and the most important and valuable of all, to discover and diagnose tumor tissues.
The principle of MRI is to transform the hydrogen atoms within human tissues into tiny radio transmitters. Under the same magnetic field change, hydrogen atoms within water or other molecules transmit different signals. MRI traces these signals and forms the 3-D image of a human body through Fourier Transfer. In other words, the greater the differences in each radio-transmitted signal, the clearer contrast will be transformed. So far, it is known that the use of super-paramagnetic elements, such as Gadolinium (Gd), can enhance the contrast. As a result, the density of super-paramagnetic elements is the critical factor for the clarity of image.
In addition, due to the fact that free Gd is toxic, a chelator must be added when the Gd is applied to human bodies. The addition of the chelator can decrease the chemical reaction during body circulation. Diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) is one of the most common and commercially mass produced chelators for application in MRI.
However, when applying the commercialized non-polymer carrier Gd-DTPA as an imaging agent, chelators with small molecule weight penetrate vascular endothelial cells easily and thus extensive losses occur while circulating. Furthermore, it requires high concentration of Gd to achieve the desirable image. In addition to the potential danger of toxicity caused by high concentration of Gd, it is also difficult to massively accumulate an imaging agent on a certain position. Therefore, there exists a great disadvantage for clinical application of prior art non-polymer Gd-DTPA imaging agents.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a dendritic compound of the following structure (I):
PD n -Z-L (I)
wherein,
P is X—(CH 2 CH 2 —O) r —, r is an integer equal to 1 or greater than 1, X is OH, NH 2 or OR, and R is C 1 to C 10 alkyl;
D n is a residue of branched C 3 to C 30 polyol compounds, n is the quantity of layers of the residue of branched compounds and n is an integer equal to or greater than 1;
L is metal cations; and
Z is the residue of a C 3 to C 30 compounds with multi functional groups;
wherein, the functional groups are carboxylic groups, amino groups, ester groups, amide groups, or chelating groups; and the carboxylic groups, ester groups, amino groups, or amide groups bound to Dn, and the chelating groups bound to the metal cations.
The dendritic compound of the present invention can be any conventional poly ethylene glycol derivative, but preferably is poly ethylene glycol. D n in the dendritic compound of the present invention can be any residue of C 3 to C 30 branched polyol compounds, but preferably is 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid or the residue of its derivatives, DTPA residue, residue of DTPA derivatives, or the combination thereof.
Furthermore, the quantity of layers (n) of the dendritic compound of the present invention is not limited, but preferably n=3. L in the dendritic compound of the present invention can be any metal ion with biological toxicity, but preferably is Gd. Finally, Z can be any residue of C 3 -C 20 compounds with multiple functional groups, but preferably is residue of ethylenedinitrilo tetraacetic acid (EDTA), or that of ethylenediimino dibyric acid (EDBA). The more preferable is the residue of the compound having the structure of formula (IV) below.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
In this invention, linear polyethylene glycol and 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic anhydride are used as starting materials. Diethylenetriaminepentacetic acid (DTPA) is the chelator to stabilize Gd.
EXAMPLE 1
Preparation of dendritic compound P-D 1 -(DTPA)
a. Preparation of the First Generation Benzylidene Protected Chelate P-D 1 -(O 2 Bn)
PEG diol (MW 4000 Da, 9.2 g, 2.3 mmol, 1 eq) and DMAP (0.1670 g, 0.39 mmol) are mixed in a round-bottom conical vial. The mixture is dissolved in a 25 mL of DCM and then the vial is filled with nitrogen gas. Benzylidene-2,2-bis(oxymethyl)propionic anhydride (4.27 g (10 mmol)) is dissolved in another vial, and then slowly dripped into the reaction vial. After 24 hours of stirring and reacting in room temperature, 10 ml methanol is added and the reaction is kept for another 6 hours for removing the un-reacted Benzylidene-2,2-bis(oxymethyl)propionic anhydride. An excessive amount of ethyl ether (700 mL) is added and the mixture is stirred until white precipitates are released, and the yield rate is about 90%. Among the products, the D n is D 1 with the structure of (I) as follows:
IR (cm-I): 2890, 1738, 1150.
1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 1.06 (s, 6), 3.55 (t, 6), 3.61 (bs), 3.68 (t, 6), 4.32 (t, 4), 4.64 (d, 4), 5.43 (s, 2), 7.28 (m, 6), 7.42 (m, 4).
b. Preparation of Chelate P-D 1 -(OH)
After the above product (11.8 g) is dissolved in 40 mL of 1:2 CH 2 Cl 2 /MeOH solution, 1.18 g of Pd/C is added, and the mixture is stirred for 24 hours under a hydrogen-saturated environment. When the reaction ends, Pd/C is filtrated from DCM, and as described above, an excessive amount of ethyl ether 600 (mL) is added to release the white precipitates. The yield rate of the product after freeze-drying is approximately 90%.
IR (cm-I): 3480, 2890, 1725, 1148.
1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 1.08 (s, 6), 3.67 (bs), 4.31 (t, 4).
c. Synthesis of P-D 1 -DTPA
P-D 1 -OH ( 2.0 g, 0.4618 mmol) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid mono-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (DTPA-HSIE) (1.0871 g, 2.2 mmol) are mixed in a 50 mL round-bottom conical vial and vacuum dried for 3 hours. Anhydrous DMSO (10 mL) and Triethylamine (224 μL) are injected into the mixture and stirred for 48 hours at room temperature under saturated nitrogen gas. Acetonitrile/acetone is used to release white residue; the white solid product after centrifugation and freeze-drying is P-D 1 -DTPA.
IR (cm-1): 3446, 2888, 1714, 1638, 1109.
1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 1.14 (s, 6), 3.1 (t, 16), 3.4 (t, 16), 3.57 (bs), 3.75 (s, 8), 3.8 (s, 32).
EXAMPLE 2
Preparation of Dendritic Compound P-D 2 -(ODTPA)
a. Preparation of Chelate P-D 2 -(O 2 Bn)
The principle of preparing the second generation P-D 2 -(O 2 Bn) product is approximately the same as that of the first generation. P-D 1 -(O 2 Bn) (95.6 g, 0.83 mmol, 1 equiv) and DMAP (0.326 g, 2.6 mmol, 3.2 equiv) is mixed and then dissolved in 25 mL DCM. After Benzylidene-2,2-bis(oxymethyl)propionic anhydride (13.3 mmol, 16 equiv, 5.69 g) is added, the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. Un-reacted Benzylidene-2,2-bis(oxymethyl)propionic anhydride is removed with 15 mL Methanol. Then ethyl ether is used to release the white precipitate at a yield rate of 80% after freeze-drying. The product D n is D 2 with the structure (II) as follows:
IR (cm-I): 2885, 1740, 1100.
1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 1.03 (s, 12), 1.26 (s, 6), 3.63 (bs), 3.78 (t, 4), 4.03 (t, 4), 4.38 (s, 8), 4.56 (d, 8), 5.41 (s, 4), 7.19 (m, 12), 7.38 (m, 8).
b. Preparation of chelate P-D 2 -OH
The product (5.5 g) from the above process is dissolved in 45 mL of 1:2 DCM/MeOH solution. The de-protection procedure in step b. of example 1 is repeated, and the final yield rate is about 88%.
IR (cm-1): 3401, 2887, 1727, 1108.
1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 1.03 (s, 12),1.19 (s,6), 3.43 (m, 8), 3.64 (bs), 4.08 (m, 8), 4.40 (d, 4).
c. Synthesis of P-D 2 -DTPA
The method of synthesizing the second generation P-D 2 -DTPA is approximately the same as that of first generation. P-D 2 -OH (0.265 mmol, 1.3965 g) and 1.2482 g (2.54 mmol) DTPA-HSIE is mixed in a 50 mL round bottom conical vial and vacuum dried for 4 hours. Anhydrous DMSO (10 mL) and 350 μL Triethylamine is injected into the mixture, and stirred for 48 hours at room temperature under saturated nitrogen gas. Acetonitrile/acetone solution is used to release the white precipitate, and P-D 2 -DTPA is produced after centrifugation and freeze-drying.
IR (cm −1 ): 3438, 2939, 2678, 1725, 1634, 1228.
1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 1.04 (m), 1.18 (m), 3.07 (t, 16), 3.21 (t, 16), 3.58 (bs), 3.68 (m), 3.79 (d), 4.21 (bs).
EXAMPLE 3
Preparation of Dendritic Compound P-D 3 -(DTPA)
a. Preparation of chelate P-D 3 -(O 2 Bn)
The preparation process of the third generation P-D 3 -(O 2 Bn) is similar to that of the first and second generations. The product from step b. in example 2 (2.88 g, 0.40 mmol, 1 equiv), Benzylidene-2,2-bis(oxymethyl)propionic anhydride (5.48 g, 12.8 mmol, 32 equiv), and DMAP (0.3151 g, 2.57 mmol, 6.4 equiv) are dissolved in 35 mL DCM at room temperature and reacted for 24 hours. The extracting procedure in step a. of example 2 is repeated, and the final product yield rate is about 89%. The D n product is D 3 with the structure of (III) as follows.
1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 0.89 (s, 24), 1.16 (s, 6), 1.17 (s, 12), 3.57 (t, 6), 3.67 (bs), 3.77 (t, 3), 4.15 (q, 6), 4.28 (t, 3), 4.33 (m, 16), 4.55 (d, 16), 5.37 (s, 8), 7.30 (m, 24), 7.35 (m, 16).
b. Preparation of Chelate P-D 2 -OH
The product (4 g) from step a. is dissolved in the mixture of DCM and MeOH (1: 1). Pd/C catalyst (0.4 g) is added, and stirred for 24 hours under a hydrogen-saturated environment. White powder product (1.8 g) is produced after filtering and freeze-drying.
1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 1.07 (s, 24), 1.27 (s, 6), 1.34 (s, 12), 3.47 (t), 3.64 (bs), 3.76 (m), 4.26 (m), 4.32 (dd, 10).
c. Synthesis of P-D 3 -DTPA.
The method of synthesizing the third generation P-D 3 -DTPA is the same as aforementioned. P-D 3 -OH (1.097 g, 0.1938 mmol) and 1.814 g (3.6 mmol) DTPA-HSIE are mixed in a 50 mL round bottom conical vial and vacuum dried for 4 hours. Anhydrous DMSO (10 mL) and 515 μL Triethylamine are injected into the mixture, and stirred for 64 hours at room temperature under saturated nitrogen gas. After white precipitate is released by means of acetonitrile/acetone solution, the white solid product, P-D 3 -DTPA, is produced after centrifugation and freeze-drying.
IR(cm −1 ): 3460, 2990, 2650, 1720, 1645, 1235.
1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 1.03 (s), 1.25 (s), 1.29 (s), 2.7 (m), 3.16 (t), 3.46 (t), 3.79 (bs), 3.80 (m), 3.97 (bs), 4.21 (m).
In the P-D n -DTPA dendritic compounds of the first, second and third generation, the resonant frequency in NMR spectrum of the methyl on hydrogen is decreased as the generation extends. Therefore, it is proved that the dendritic compound of P-D n -DTPA in the present example is the dendritic compound of the first, second and third generations. In addition, infrared spectrum can be applied to verify the structure of DTPA; in other words, the original C—O bond of DTPA is disappeared at the peak of 1200 cm −1 , and instead, the carbonyl peak is appeared between signals of 1638 and 1598 cm −1 . As a result, it is proved that the dendritic compound in the present example possesses the DTPA to chelate Gd.
EXAMPLE 4
Preparation of the Final Complex P-D 3 -DTPA-Gd 3+
P-D 3 -DTPA (0.066 g, 0.005 mmol) is dissolved in 10 mL water, and a 16-time amount of GdCl 3 .6H 2 O (0.031 g, 0. 08 mmol) is added. The pH value is adjusted in neutral (pH7) by 0.1 N sodium hydroxide solution. The result of the reaction is verified by FTIR and white solid product is produced after freeze-drying.
IR (cm −1 ): 3426, 2919, 1615.
Characteristic Testing
By evaluating the effectiveness of the reacted dendritic compound P-D 3 -DTPA-Gd 3+ of the third generation as an agent of enhancing image, it can be compared with the magnetizing relaxation of DTPA-Gd (Magnevist™) by directly comparing the magnetizing relaxation rate via NMR. The results of comparison are showed in Table 1 in which R 1 and R 2 respectively represent vertical and horizontal relative relaxation times, and B 0 as the internal magnetic intensity of NMR. The greater volumes of R 1 and R 2 , the stronger image signal will be. Therefore, Table 1 is clearly indicated the chelating Gd element of third generation dendritic compound provides a superior imaging result compared to DTPA-Gd (Magnevist™), and demonstrated distinct progress in NMR imaging.
TABLE 1
R 1 (20 MHz)
R 2
Compound
B 0 = 0.47T
B 0 = 0.47T
Literature
Magnevist ™
6.14
5.84
R 1 = 3.4
R 2 = 3.8
B 0 = 1.0T
PEG-G3-DTPA-Gd 3+
305
312.5
NIL
Furthermore, conventional imaging agents require high concentration of Gd to achieve the ideal image, and it is also a challenge to accumulate the imaging agent on a certain location. The dendritic compound in this invention provides a vivid and clear image with no need to accumulate the image agent on one position and this situation promotes a more suitable clinical application.
In addition, each dendritic compound in the present invention contains protected OH functional groups, which extend to a higher generation and possesses the magnifying ability by times. Therefore, compared to known imaging agents, a better imaging contrast is provided with the same amount. It is also known that chelator with small molecule weight penetrates vascular endothelial cells easily such that it disperses while circulating; the dendritic compound is a high molecule carrier which decreases the possibility of being drained away during blood circulation.
The “core” of the dendritic compound of the present invention is polyethylene glycol and its derivatives. Polyethylene glycol, a bio-compatible polymer certified by the FDA in the USA, is usually applied to biomedical polymers and can be eliminated spontaneously via circulation. Therefore, the dendritic compound of the present invention can be an imaging agent with low toxicity. | A dendritic compound of the following structure: PD n -Z-L is disclosed. In the structure above, P is X—(CH 2 CH 2 —O) r —, r is an integer ranging from 1000 to 4000, X is OH, NH 2 , or OR, R is C 1 to C 10 alkyl, D n is a residue of branched C 3 to C 30 polyol compounds, n is the quantity of layers of the residue of branched compounds and is an integer equal to or greater than 1, L is a metal cation, Z is the residue of a C 3 to C 30 compound with multi functional groups. The functional groups illustrated above can be carboxylic groups, amino groups, amide groups, or chelating groups. The carboxylic groups, ester groups, amino groups, or amide groups bind to D n , and the chelating groups bind to the metal cations. | This paper describes a dendritic compound that can be used as a chelator for metal cations in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The compound, specifically designed for MRI applications, enhances the contrast in images by increasing the density of super-paramagnetic elements such as Gadolinium (Gd). The compound is made up of a polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivative as the core, with branched polyol compounds and chelating groups attached to it. The compound is synthesized in three generations, with each generation having an increased number of layers and improved imaging contrast. The compound shows superior imaging results compared to commercial imaging agents and has low toxicity due to the use of PEG as the core. Overall, this dendritic compound has potential for clinical application in MRI. | {
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"query": "Summarize the context",
"context": "BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION \n 1. Field of the Invention \n The present invention relates to a dendritic compound, and more particularly, to a dendritic compound suitable for chelating with metal cations. \n 2. Description of Related Art \n Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is one of the most significant diagnosing techniques in modern medical science. Compared to X-rays or CT scanning, MRI provides multi-angle scanning which can be applied to the central nerve system, the skeletal nerve system, the abdomen, the chest, angiography, cholangiography, and the most important and valuable of all, to discover and diagnose tumor tissues. \n The principle of MRI is to transform the hydrogen atoms within human tissues into tiny radio transmitters. Under the same magnetic field change, hydrogen atoms within water or other molecules transmit different signals. MRI traces these signals and forms the 3-D image of a human body through Fourier Transfer. In other words, the greater the differences in each radio-transmitted signal, the clearer contrast will be transformed. So far, it is known that the use of super-paramagnetic elements, such as Gadolinium (Gd), can enhance the contrast. As a result, the density of super-paramagnetic elements is the critical factor for the clarity of image. \n In addition, due to the fact that free Gd is toxic, a chelator must be added when the Gd is applied to human bodies. The addition of the chelator can decrease the chemical reaction during body circulation. Diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) is one of the most common and commercially mass produced chelators for application in MRI. \n However, when applying the commercialized non-polymer carrier Gd-DTPA as an imaging agent, chelators with small molecule weight penetrate vascular endothelial cells easily and thus extensive losses occur while circulating. Furthermore, it requires high concentration of Gd to achieve the desirable image. In addition to the potential danger of toxicity caused by high concentration of Gd, it is also difficult to massively accumulate an imaging agent on a certain position. Therefore, there exists a great disadvantage for clinical application of prior art non-polymer Gd-DTPA imaging agents. \n SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION \n The present invention provides a dendritic compound of the following structure (I):\n \nPD n -Z-L (I)\n \n wherein, \n P is X—(CH 2 CH 2 —O) r —, r is an integer equal to 1 or greater than 1, X is OH, NH 2 or OR, and R is C 1 to C 10 alkyl; \n D n is a residue of branched C 3 to C 30 polyol compounds, n is the quantity of layers of the residue of branched compounds and n is an integer equal to or greater than 1; \n L is metal cations; and \n Z is the residue of a C 3 to C 30 compounds with multi functional groups; \n wherein, the functional groups are carboxylic groups, amino groups, ester groups, amide groups, or chelating groups; and the carboxylic groups, ester groups, amino groups, or amide groups bound to Dn, and the chelating groups bound to the metal cations. \n The dendritic compound of the present invention can be any conventional poly ethylene glycol derivative, but preferably is poly ethylene glycol. D n in the dendritic compound of the present invention can be any residue of C 3 to C 30 branched polyol compounds, but preferably is 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid or the residue of its derivatives, DTPA residue, residue of DTPA derivatives, or the combination thereof. \n Furthermore, the quantity of layers (n) of the dendritic compound of the present invention is not limited, but preferably n=3. L in the dendritic compound of the present invention can be any metal ion with biological toxicity, but preferably is Gd. Finally, Z can be any residue of C 3 -C 20 compounds with multiple functional groups, but preferably is residue of ethylenedinitrilo tetraacetic acid (EDTA), or that of ethylenediimino dibyric acid (EDBA). The more preferable is the residue of the compound having the structure of formula (IV) below. \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT \n In this invention, linear polyethylene glycol and 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic anhydride are used as starting materials. Diethylenetriaminepentacetic acid (DTPA) is the chelator to stabilize Gd. \n EXAMPLE 1 \n Preparation of dendritic compound P-D 1 -(DTPA) \n a. Preparation of the First Generation Benzylidene Protected Chelate P-D 1 -(O 2 Bn) \n PEG diol (MW 4000 Da, 9.2 g, 2.3 mmol, 1 eq) and DMAP (0.1670 g, 0.39 mmol) are mixed in a round-bottom conical vial. The mixture is dissolved in a 25 mL of DCM and then the vial is filled with nitrogen gas. Benzylidene-2,2-bis(oxymethyl)propionic anhydride (4.27 g (10 mmol)) is dissolved in another vial, and then slowly dripped into the reaction vial. After 24 hours of stirring and reacting in room temperature, 10 ml methanol is added and the reaction is kept for another 6 hours for removing the un-reacted Benzylidene-2,2-bis(oxymethyl)propionic anhydride. An excessive amount of ethyl ether (700 mL) is added and the mixture is stirred until white precipitates are released, and the yield rate is about 90%. Among the products, the D n is D 1 with the structure of (I) as follows: \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n IR (cm-I): 2890, 1738, 1150. \n 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 1.06 (s, 6), 3.55 (t, 6), 3.61 (bs), 3.68 (t, 6), 4.32 (t, 4), 4.64 (d, 4), 5.43 (s, 2), 7.28 (m, 6), 7.42 (m, 4). \n b. Preparation of Chelate P-D 1 -(OH) \n After the above product (11.8 g) is dissolved in 40 mL of 1:2 CH 2 Cl 2 /MeOH solution, 1.18 g of Pd/C is added, and the mixture is stirred for 24 hours under a hydrogen-saturated environment. When the reaction ends, Pd/C is filtrated from DCM, and as described above, an excessive amount of ethyl ether 600 (mL) is added to release the white precipitates. The yield rate of the product after freeze-drying is approximately 90%. \n IR (cm-I): 3480, 2890, 1725, 1148. \n 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 1.08 (s, 6), 3.67 (bs), 4.31 (t, 4). \n c. Synthesis of P-D 1 -DTPA \n P-D 1 -OH ( 2.0 g, 0.4618 mmol) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid mono-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (DTPA-HSIE) (1.0871 g, 2.2 mmol) are mixed in a 50 mL round-bottom conical vial and vacuum dried for 3 hours. Anhydrous DMSO (10 mL) and Triethylamine (224 μL) are injected into the mixture and stirred for 48 hours at room temperature under saturated nitrogen gas. Acetonitrile/acetone is used to release white residue; the white solid product after centrifugation and freeze-drying is P-D 1 -DTPA. \n IR (cm-1): 3446, 2888, 1714, 1638, 1109. \n 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 1.14 (s, 6), 3.1 (t, 16), 3.4 (t, 16), 3.57 (bs), 3.75 (s, 8), 3.8 (s, 32). \n EXAMPLE 2 \n Preparation of Dendritic Compound P-D 2 -(ODTPA) \n a. Preparation of Chelate P-D 2 -(O 2 Bn) \n The principle of preparing the second generation P-D 2 -(O 2 Bn) product is approximately the same as that of the first generation. P-D 1 -(O 2 Bn) (95.6 g, 0.83 mmol, 1 equiv) and DMAP (0.326 g, 2.6 mmol, 3.2 equiv) is mixed and then dissolved in 25 mL DCM. After Benzylidene-2,2-bis(oxymethyl)propionic anhydride (13.3 mmol, 16 equiv, 5.69 g) is added, the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. Un-reacted Benzylidene-2,2-bis(oxymethyl)propionic anhydride is removed with 15 mL Methanol. Then ethyl ether is used to release the white precipitate at a yield rate of 80% after freeze-drying. The product D n is D 2 with the structure (II) as follows: \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n IR (cm-I): 2885, 1740, 1100. \n 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 1.03 (s, 12), 1.26 (s, 6), 3.63 (bs), 3.78 (t, 4), 4.03 (t, 4), 4.38 (s, 8), 4.56 (d, 8), 5.41 (s, 4), 7.19 (m, 12), 7.38 (m, 8). \n b. Preparation of chelate P-D 2 -OH \n The product (5.5 g) from the above process is dissolved in 45 mL of 1:2 DCM/MeOH solution. The de-protection procedure in step b. of example 1 is repeated, and the final yield rate is about 88%. \n IR (cm-1): 3401, 2887, 1727, 1108. \n 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 1.03 (s, 12),1.19 (s,6), 3.43 (m, 8), 3.64 (bs), 4.08 (m, 8), 4.40 (d, 4). \n c. Synthesis of P-D 2 -DTPA \n The method of synthesizing the second generation P-D 2 -DTPA is approximately the same as that of first generation. P-D 2 -OH (0.265 mmol, 1.3965 g) and 1.2482 g (2.54 mmol) DTPA-HSIE is mixed in a 50 mL round bottom conical vial and vacuum dried for 4 hours. Anhydrous DMSO (10 mL) and 350 μL Triethylamine is injected into the mixture, and stirred for 48 hours at room temperature under saturated nitrogen gas. Acetonitrile/acetone solution is used to release the white precipitate, and P-D 2 -DTPA is produced after centrifugation and freeze-drying. \n IR (cm −1 ): 3438, 2939, 2678, 1725, 1634, 1228. \n 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 1.04 (m), 1.18 (m), 3.07 (t, 16), 3.21 (t, 16), 3.58 (bs), 3.68 (m), 3.79 (d), 4.21 (bs). \n EXAMPLE 3 \n Preparation of Dendritic Compound P-D 3 -(DTPA) \n a. Preparation of chelate P-D 3 -(O 2 Bn) \n The preparation process of the third generation P-D 3 -(O 2 Bn) is similar to that of the first and second generations. The product from step b. in example 2 (2.88 g, 0.40 mmol, 1 equiv), Benzylidene-2,2-bis(oxymethyl)propionic anhydride (5.48 g, 12.8 mmol, 32 equiv), and DMAP (0.3151 g, 2.57 mmol, 6.4 equiv) are dissolved in 35 mL DCM at room temperature and reacted for 24 hours. The extracting procedure in step a. of example 2 is repeated, and the final product yield rate is about 89%. The D n product is D 3 with the structure of (III) as follows. \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 0.89 (s, 24), 1.16 (s, 6), 1.17 (s, 12), 3.57 (t, 6), 3.67 (bs), 3.77 (t, 3), 4.15 (q, 6), 4.28 (t, 3), 4.33 (m, 16), 4.55 (d, 16), 5.37 (s, 8), 7.30 (m, 24), 7.35 (m, 16). \n b. Preparation of Chelate P-D 2 -OH \n The product (4 g) from step a. is dissolved in the mixture of DCM and MeOH (1: 1). Pd/C catalyst (0.4 g) is added, and stirred for 24 hours under a hydrogen-saturated environment. White powder product (1.8 g) is produced after filtering and freeze-drying. \n 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 1.07 (s, 24), 1.27 (s, 6), 1.34 (s, 12), 3.47 (t), 3.64 (bs), 3.76 (m), 4.26 (m), 4.32 (dd, 10). \n c. Synthesis of P-D 3 -DTPA. \n The method of synthesizing the third generation P-D 3 -DTPA is the same as aforementioned. P-D 3 -OH (1.097 g, 0.1938 mmol) and 1.814 g (3.6 mmol) DTPA-HSIE are mixed in a 50 mL round bottom conical vial and vacuum dried for 4 hours. Anhydrous DMSO (10 mL) and 515 μL Triethylamine are injected into the mixture, and stirred for 64 hours at room temperature under saturated nitrogen gas. After white precipitate is released by means of acetonitrile/acetone solution, the white solid product, P-D 3 -DTPA, is produced after centrifugation and freeze-drying. \n IR(cm −1 ): 3460, 2990, 2650, 1720, 1645, 1235. \n 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 1.03 (s), 1.25 (s), 1.29 (s), 2.7 (m), 3.16 (t), 3.46 (t), 3.79 (bs), 3.80 (m), 3.97 (bs), 4.21 (m). \n In the P-D n -DTPA dendritic compounds of the first, second and third generation, the resonant frequency in NMR spectrum of the methyl on hydrogen is decreased as the generation extends. Therefore, it is proved that the dendritic compound of P-D n -DTPA in the present example is the dendritic compound of the first, second and third generations. In addition, infrared spectrum can be applied to verify the structure of DTPA; in other words, the original C—O bond of DTPA is disappeared at the peak of 1200 cm −1 , and instead, the carbonyl peak is appeared between signals of 1638 and 1598 cm −1 . As a result, it is proved that the dendritic compound in the present example possesses the DTPA to chelate Gd. \n EXAMPLE 4 \n Preparation of the Final Complex P-D 3 -DTPA-Gd 3+ \n P-D 3 -DTPA (0.066 g, 0.005 mmol) is dissolved in 10 mL water, and a 16-time amount of GdCl 3 .6H 2 O (0.031 g, 0. 08 mmol) is added. The pH value is adjusted in neutral (pH7) by 0.1 N sodium hydroxide solution. The result of the reaction is verified by FTIR and white solid product is produced after freeze-drying. \n IR (cm −1 ): 3426, 2919, 1615. \n Characteristic Testing \n By evaluating the effectiveness of the reacted dendritic compound P-D 3 -DTPA-Gd 3+ of the third generation as an agent of enhancing image, it can be compared with the magnetizing relaxation of DTPA-Gd (Magnevist™) by directly comparing the magnetizing relaxation rate via NMR. The results of comparison are showed in Table 1 in which R 1 and R 2 respectively represent vertical and horizontal relative relaxation times, and B 0 as the internal magnetic intensity of NMR. The greater volumes of R 1 and R 2 , the stronger image signal will be. Therefore, Table 1 is clearly indicated the chelating Gd element of third generation dendritic compound provides a superior imaging result compared to DTPA-Gd (Magnevist™), and demonstrated distinct progress in NMR imaging. \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n TABLE 1 \n \n \n \n \n \n \n R 1 (20 MHz) \n R 2 \n \n \n \n Compound \n B 0 = 0.47T \n B 0 = 0.47T \n Literature \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Magnevist ™ \n 6.14 \n 5.84 \n R 1 = 3.4 \n \n \n \n \n \n R 2 = 3.8 \n \n \n \n \n \n B 0 = 1.0T \n \n \n PEG-G3-DTPA-Gd 3+ \n 305 \n 312.5 \n NIL \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Furthermore, conventional imaging agents require high concentration of Gd to achieve the ideal image, and it is also a challenge to accumulate the imaging agent on a certain location. The dendritic compound in this invention provides a vivid and clear image with no need to accumulate the image agent on one position and this situation promotes a more suitable clinical application. \n In addition, each dendritic compound in the present invention contains protected OH functional groups, which extend to a higher generation and possesses the magnifying ability by times. Therefore, compared to known imaging agents, a better imaging contrast is provided with the same amount. It is also known that chelator with small molecule weight penetrates vascular endothelial cells easily such that it disperses while circulating; the dendritic compound is a high molecule carrier which decreases the possibility of being drained away during blood circulation. \n The “core” of the dendritic compound of the present invention is polyethylene glycol and its derivatives. Polyethylene glycol, a bio-compatible polymer certified by the FDA in the USA, is usually applied to biomedical polymers and can be eliminated spontaneously via circulation. Therefore, the dendritic compound of the present invention can be an imaging agent with low toxicity.",
"response": "This paper describes a dendritic compound that can be used as a chelator for metal cations in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The compound, specifically designed for MRI applications, enhances the contrast in images by increasing the density of super-paramagnetic elements such as Gadolinium (Gd). The compound is made up of a polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivative as the core, with branched polyol compounds and chelating groups attached to it. The compound is synthesized in three generations, with each generation having an increased number of layers and improved imaging contrast. The compound shows superior imaging results compared to commercial imaging agents and has low toxicity due to the use of PEG as the core. Overall, this dendritic compound has potential for clinical application in MRI."
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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an improvement in a rotative toothbrush which brush the teeth vertically up and down as well as horizontally right and left. The effective way of brushing the teeth is to brush the teeth vertically up and down as well as horizontally right and left. The present invention is concerned with the improvement of a rotative toothbrush which automatically moves up and down when the user brushes the teeth horizontally right and left in a conventional way.
2. Description of the Prior Arts
A toothbrush most generally used is illustrated in FIG. 8. Since a human mouth is opened horizontally, it is most convenient to brush the teeth horizontally right and left.
For a long time, human beings have brushed their teeth horizontally right and left with the conventional toothbrush shown in FIG. 9. However, since such brushing of the teeth is carried out horizontally right and left, food particles and plaques existing between the teeth are not removed well.
Moreover, the teeth themselves (are worn) out horizontally by the conventional brushing of the teeth and therefore, one or more grooves near the toothridges are formed by a conventional, long brushing of the teeth.
Therefore, dentists advise that the user brushes the teeth vertically up and down. However, such vertical brushing of the teeth is not familiar to the common users and accordingly, the vertical brushing of teeth using the conventional toothbrush is very inconvenient. In order to solve these problems, U.S. Pat. No. 4,783,869 describes a toothbrush shown in FIG. 9. However, the toothbrush shown in the U.S. Pat. No. 4,783,869 does not rotate completely and the slight rotative movement forms an angle between the teeth and the toothbrush as described in the same U.S. Patent. Thus, effect of such brushing is insufficient and inadequate because as shown in FIG. 11, only a small portion of the brushhair of the brushhead contacts the teeth when the user uses the toothbrush.
The present inventor invented a rotative toothbrush as shown in FIG. 10 which the center of a round brushead is connected with the grip by the shaft, and was filed in a Korean utility model application as No. 87-19458 (Unexamined Utility Model Publication No. 89-10102). However, as the rotative shaft is located at the center of the brushhead and as the friction (power) between the brushhairs of the brushhead and the teeth are the same in all directions, the brushhead does not rotate well. Accordingly, the effect of vertical brushing of the teeth is not, in fact, obtained. The present inventor invented the present invention as a result of an intensive study.
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
One object of the present invention is to provide a novel toothbrush which can be moved vertically up and down as well as horizontally right and left when the user moves the toothbrush right and left in a conventional way.
The toothbrush is composed of a round brushhead having an eccentric center, a grip and a shaft in which the end of the grip is rotatively connected with said brushhead by the shaft.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel toothbrush which can be moved vertically up and down as well as horizontally right and left when the user moves the toothbrush right and left in a conventional way, the toothbrush composed of a round brushhead having an eccentric center in which one or more projections are formed on the back side of the brushhead along the eccentric circle thereon.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an external view of an embodiment of the toothbrush of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a rear view showing the toothbrush of FIG. 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an external view of another embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate the brushhead of the present invention having no projection; FIGS. 4C and 4D illustrate the brushhead of the present invention having one projection; FIGS. 4E and 4F illustrate the brushhead of the present invention having three projections;
FIG. 5 is a rear view showing the ratio of eccentricity of the brushhead of the present invention;
FIG. 6A is a sectional view showing an embodiment of rotative parts of the toothbrush of the present invention;
FIG. 6B is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the rotative parts of the rotative toothbrush of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is an explanatory view of using the toothbrush of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is an external view of a conventional toothbrush;
FIG. 9 is an external view of the toothbrush of U.S. Pat. No. 4,783,869;
FIG. 10 is an external view of the toothbrush of Korean Utility Model Appln. No. 87-19458; and
FIG. 11 is an explanatory view of suing the toothbrush of FIG. 9.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 shows the external form of the rotative toothbrush of the present invention. An eccentric aperture p of a round brushhead 1 is connected with the end of a grip 2 by a shaft 4. The eccentric aperture p is eccentrically and rotatively located at the center of the round brushhead 1. The rotative toothbrush is well rotative and all the brushhairs 3 of the brushhead are contacted with the teeth. As long as the ratio of the eccentricity that is, the ratio of the short radius (a): the long radius (b) of the round brushhead is large, the round brushhead will be well rotative when the user uses the rotative toothbrush of the present invention. However, it is inconvenient for the user to use the toothbrush of which the ratio of the eccentricity is large. And as long as the ratio is small, it is convenient for the user to use it. However, the rotating forces will be weak. The preferable ratio of a:b is about 2:3 to about 1:3.
The brushhead 1, the grip 2, and brushhairs 3 can be made of the conventional plastic materials used in a conventional toothbrush. FIG. 6A shows an embodiment of the structure of the rotative parts of the toothbrush. The shaft 4 which has a rounded end 4' and a seal 4 is loosely set in a hole 6 formed in the end of the grip 2. The upper end 4'" of the shaft 4 is covered with a cap 7 having a hole 6' through the hole 6' and then the upper end 4'" is firmly fitted in a hole 8 of the brushhead 1. The cap 7 is sealed with the end of the grip 2 by a conventional way, e.g. by a supersonic sealing or by adhesives which are not solved in water or by heat-sealing method. FIG. 6B shows another embodiment of the rotative parts of the toothbrush. A base plate 41' of a shaft 41 is vertically molded into the upper end of the grip 2. Then, the shaft 41 is set into a housing 71 having a hole 71' and a groove 71" in a way that the shaft 41 having a projection 41" is loosely fitted into the hole 71' of the housing 71 having the groove 71". Then, the housing 71 is fixed into a hole 81 of the brushhead 1. The shaft 4 or 41 becomes freely rotative in the set state.
There are other various conventional structures of the rotative parts which come under the scope of the present invention. As long as the thin shaft 4 is used, the thin shaft 4 becomes well rotative. However, it is desirable that the shaft 4 with a diameter from 0.5 mm to 2.0 mm is used. The shaft 4 can be made of metal or plastic. However, metal is more desirable than the plastic material because metal is usually more stronger than the plastic material.
When the user moves the grip of the toothbrush right and left in a conventional way, the brushhead 1 is rotated by 180 degrees at its maximum owing to the difference of the friction between the brushhairs of short radius and the brushhairs of long radius contacting the teeth. Therefore, the same effect of brushing the teeth vertically up and down is obtained when the toothbrush of the present invention is used in a conventional way.
FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the rotative toothbrush of the present invention. In this case, one or more round projections 5 are formed on the back along the eccentric circle of the brushhead 1 (See FIGS. 4A and 4C. When the user uses the toothbrush having one or more round projections 5 on the back along the eccentric circle of the brushhead 1, the round projections 5 contact the inside muscle of the user's mouth and produce friction and contact a slot portion 2' of an end portion of the grip 2 and adjacent to the shaft 4 so as to effectively rotate the round brushhead 1 (FIGS. 6A and 6B); and therefore generate a kind of forces between the eccentric aperture P and the round projections 5. So, the brushhead 1 rotates more effectively and efficiently. Preferably, the round projection 5 numbers one, two, or three. | A rotary toothbrush comprises a round brushhead having at least one projection, bristles on the roundbrush head, a grip, a shaft extended from the grip and eccentrically, rotatably mounted to the round brushhead, whereby the toothbrush can perfectively clean the teeth. | This abstract describes an improvement in a rotative toothbrush that allows for vertical and horizontal brushing. The toothbrush has a round brushhead with an eccentric center and can be moved in both directions when the user brushes horizontally. The preferred ratio of eccentricity is 2:3 to 1:3. The brushhead can also have one or more round projections on the back for improved rotation. Various embodiments of the toothbrush structure are presented. | {
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"query": "Summarize the context",
"context": "BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION \n 1. Field of the Invention \n The present invention relates to an improvement in a rotative toothbrush which brush the teeth vertically up and down as well as horizontally right and left. The effective way of brushing the teeth is to brush the teeth vertically up and down as well as horizontally right and left. The present invention is concerned with the improvement of a rotative toothbrush which automatically moves up and down when the user brushes the teeth horizontally right and left in a conventional way. \n 2. Description of the Prior Arts \n A toothbrush most generally used is illustrated in FIG. 8. Since a human mouth is opened horizontally, it is most convenient to brush the teeth horizontally right and left. \n For a long time, human beings have brushed their teeth horizontally right and left with the conventional toothbrush shown in FIG. 9. However, since such brushing of the teeth is carried out horizontally right and left, food particles and plaques existing between the teeth are not removed well. \n Moreover, the teeth themselves (are worn) out horizontally by the conventional brushing of the teeth and therefore, one or more grooves near the toothridges are formed by a conventional, long brushing of the teeth. \n Therefore, dentists advise that the user brushes the teeth vertically up and down. However, such vertical brushing of the teeth is not familiar to the common users and accordingly, the vertical brushing of teeth using the conventional toothbrush is very inconvenient. In order to solve these problems, U.S. Pat. No. 4,783,869 describes a toothbrush shown in FIG. 9. However, the toothbrush shown in the U.S. Pat. No. 4,783,869 does not rotate completely and the slight rotative movement forms an angle between the teeth and the toothbrush as described in the same U.S. Patent. Thus, effect of such brushing is insufficient and inadequate because as shown in FIG. 11, only a small portion of the brushhair of the brushhead contacts the teeth when the user uses the toothbrush. \n The present inventor invented a rotative toothbrush as shown in FIG. 10 which the center of a round brushead is connected with the grip by the shaft, and was filed in a Korean utility model application as No. 87-19458 (Unexamined Utility Model Publication No. 89-10102). However, as the rotative shaft is located at the center of the brushhead and as the friction (power) between the brushhairs of the brushhead and the teeth are the same in all directions, the brushhead does not rotate well. Accordingly, the effect of vertical brushing of the teeth is not, in fact, obtained. The present inventor invented the present invention as a result of an intensive study. \n OBJECT OF THE INVENTION \n One object of the present invention is to provide a novel toothbrush which can be moved vertically up and down as well as horizontally right and left when the user moves the toothbrush right and left in a conventional way. \n The toothbrush is composed of a round brushhead having an eccentric center, a grip and a shaft in which the end of the grip is rotatively connected with said brushhead by the shaft. \n Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel toothbrush which can be moved vertically up and down as well as horizontally right and left when the user moves the toothbrush right and left in a conventional way, the toothbrush composed of a round brushhead having an eccentric center in which one or more projections are formed on the back side of the brushhead along the eccentric circle thereon. \n \n \n BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS \n FIG. 1 is an external view of an embodiment of the toothbrush of the present invention; \n FIG. 2 is a rear view showing the toothbrush of FIG. 1 of the present invention; \n FIG. 3 is an external view of another embodiment of the present invention; \n FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate the brushhead of the present invention having no projection; FIGS. 4C and 4D illustrate the brushhead of the present invention having one projection; FIGS. 4E and 4F illustrate the brushhead of the present invention having three projections; \n FIG. 5 is a rear view showing the ratio of eccentricity of the brushhead of the present invention; \n FIG. 6A is a sectional view showing an embodiment of rotative parts of the toothbrush of the present invention; \n FIG. 6B is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the rotative parts of the rotative toothbrush of the present invention. \n FIG. 7 is an explanatory view of using the toothbrush of the present invention; \n FIG. 8 is an external view of a conventional toothbrush; \n FIG. 9 is an external view of the toothbrush of U.S. Pat. No. 4,783,869; \n FIG. 10 is an external view of the toothbrush of Korean Utility Model Appln. No. 87-19458; and \n FIG. 11 is an explanatory view of suing the toothbrush of FIG. 9. \n \n \n DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION \n FIG. 1 shows the external form of the rotative toothbrush of the present invention. An eccentric aperture p of a round brushhead 1 is connected with the end of a grip 2 by a shaft 4. The eccentric aperture p is eccentrically and rotatively located at the center of the round brushhead 1. The rotative toothbrush is well rotative and all the brushhairs 3 of the brushhead are contacted with the teeth. As long as the ratio of the eccentricity that is, the ratio of the short radius (a): the long radius (b) of the round brushhead is large, the round brushhead will be well rotative when the user uses the rotative toothbrush of the present invention. However, it is inconvenient for the user to use the toothbrush of which the ratio of the eccentricity is large. And as long as the ratio is small, it is convenient for the user to use it. However, the rotating forces will be weak. The preferable ratio of a:b is about 2:3 to about 1:3. \n The brushhead 1, the grip 2, and brushhairs 3 can be made of the conventional plastic materials used in a conventional toothbrush. FIG. 6A shows an embodiment of the structure of the rotative parts of the toothbrush. The shaft 4 which has a rounded end 4' and a seal 4 is loosely set in a hole 6 formed in the end of the grip 2. The upper end 4'" of the shaft 4 is covered with a cap 7 having a hole 6' through the hole 6' and then the upper end 4'" is firmly fitted in a hole 8 of the brushhead 1. The cap 7 is sealed with the end of the grip 2 by a conventional way, e.g. by a supersonic sealing or by adhesives which are not solved in water or by heat-sealing method. FIG. 6B shows another embodiment of the rotative parts of the toothbrush. A base plate 41' of a shaft 41 is vertically molded into the upper end of the grip 2. Then, the shaft 41 is set into a housing 71 having a hole 71' and a groove 71" in a way that the shaft 41 having a projection 41" is loosely fitted into the hole 71' of the housing 71 having the groove 71". Then, the housing 71 is fixed into a hole 81 of the brushhead 1. The shaft 4 or 41 becomes freely rotative in the set state. \n There are other various conventional structures of the rotative parts which come under the scope of the present invention. As long as the thin shaft 4 is used, the thin shaft 4 becomes well rotative. However, it is desirable that the shaft 4 with a diameter from 0.5 mm to 2.0 mm is used. The shaft 4 can be made of metal or plastic. However, metal is more desirable than the plastic material because metal is usually more stronger than the plastic material. \n When the user moves the grip of the toothbrush right and left in a conventional way, the brushhead 1 is rotated by 180 degrees at its maximum owing to the difference of the friction between the brushhairs of short radius and the brushhairs of long radius contacting the teeth. Therefore, the same effect of brushing the teeth vertically up and down is obtained when the toothbrush of the present invention is used in a conventional way. \n FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the rotative toothbrush of the present invention. In this case, one or more round projections 5 are formed on the back along the eccentric circle of the brushhead 1 (See FIGS. 4A and 4C. When the user uses the toothbrush having one or more round projections 5 on the back along the eccentric circle of the brushhead 1, the round projections 5 contact the inside muscle of the user's mouth and produce friction and contact a slot portion 2' of an end portion of the grip 2 and adjacent to the shaft 4 so as to effectively rotate the round brushhead 1 (FIGS. 6A and 6B); and therefore generate a kind of forces between the eccentric aperture P and the round projections 5. So, the brushhead 1 rotates more effectively and efficiently. Preferably, the round projection 5 numbers one, two, or three.",
"response": "This abstract describes an improvement in a rotative toothbrush that allows for vertical and horizontal brushing. The toothbrush has a round brushhead with an eccentric center and can be moved in both directions when the user brushes horizontally. The preferred ratio of eccentricity is 2:3 to 1:3. The brushhead can also have one or more round projections on the back for improved rotation. Various embodiments of the toothbrush structure are presented."
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} | false | The response accurately summarizes the context provided, which describes the invention of a rotative toothbrush that brushes teeth vertically and horizontally. The response correctly states that the toothbrush has a round brushhead with an eccentric center, and it can be moved in both directions when used horizontally. It also correctly mentions the preferred ratio of eccentricity and the possibility of having round projections on the back of the brushhead for improved rotation. The various embodiments of the toothbrush structure mentioned in the response are also present in the context. Therefore, the response can be inferred using only the information provided in the context. | 0 | {
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CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-105469, filed on May 21, 2014. The entire specification, claims, and drawings of Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-105469 are incorporated by reference herein.
FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure relates to a hair dryer in which air taken in by a fan is heated by a heater. In particular, the present disclosure relates to a hair dryer capable of providing a sufficient air quantity and of reducing a noise level.
BACKGROUND
[0003] In a hair dryer for drying hair and/or the like, a fan is rotated by a motor, and air is taken into the main body of the hair dryer through an air suction port, heated by a heater, and discharged out of the main body through an air discharge port. Driving of such a hair dryer has been able to generate a noise of 70 dB, to preclude TV or the like from being watched or a conversation from being held near the hair dryer, and to disturb the sleep of a sleeping person in the middle of the night. Main causes of the noise of hair dryers are considered to be wind noise caused by fans, sounds generated by motors, standing wave noise caused by cases, and the like. Although the decreased rotation number of a motor results in the reduced noise of a hair dryer, the excessively decreased rotation number prevents an air quantity required by the hair dryer from being obtained.
[0004] Many attempts to reduce the noise of hair dryers have been conventionally made. Unexamined Japanese Patent Application Kokai Publication No. H5-228013 discloses the disclosure in which plural holes are formed at locations having the high axial distributions of the sound pressure of standing wave noise generated by air-column resonance in the case of a dryer, and a resonator is attached to the outer peripheral surface of the case so as to cover the holes, to internally form an air layer, thereby silencing the dryer. According to the constitution of the disclosure, actuation of a motor causes a blower fan to rotate to result in generation of an air blow in the case and to spout the air through an outlet. Noise is generated due to the blow; however, since the plural holes are formed at the locations having the high axial distributions of the sound pressure of the standing wave noise in the case to dispose the resonator on the holes, sounds having specific frequencies can be absorbed and attenuated to reduce sound pressure. Accordingly, the standing wave noise generated by air-column resonance can be effectively absorbed to achieve the silence.
[0005] Unexamined Japanese Patent Application Kokai Publication No. H6-209818 discloses a silent dryer in which a microphone for detecting the rotation number of a blower fan, a microphone for monitoring noise in a blowport, and a speaker disposed between the blower fan and the microphones are connected to a signal processing apparatus and internally packaged in a main body of the dryer. The signal processing apparatus subjects the output signal of each microphone to phase inversion and to signal processing in the same amplitude in order to reduce the output signal from each microphone, and sends the processed signal to the speaker. A sound processed by the signal processing apparatus and output from the speaker, and noise in the blowport have phases reverse to each other, and therefore cancel each other, thereby reducing the noise.
[0006] Unexamined Japanese Patent Application Kokai Publication No. H7-265120 discloses a hair dryer comprising: a trunk body, of which both side are provided with a suction port and a discharge port, respectively; a cylinder-shaped suction guide placed in the interior of the trunk body; a motor and a fan placed in the interior of the suction guide; and a discharge guide which is placed on the discharge port side of the trunk body and of which the interior and outlet are provided with a heating coil and a discharge nozzle, respectively, wherein a curved surface formed at a certain arc angle is elongated and placed from the tip of the suction port of the suction guide to spread toward an external side, to regulate the flow of suction air, thereby reducing noise. This hair dryer has the effect of being silently actuated by maintaining the flow of suction air in laminar flow to significantly reduce suction noise.
[0007] In the hair dryer of Unexamined Japanese Patent Application Kokai Publication No. H5-228013, there is needed a complicated structure in which the plural holes are formed at locations having the high axial distributions of the sound pressure of standing wave noise generated by air-column resonance in the case, and the resonator is attached to the outer peripheral surface of the case so as to cover the holes.
[0008] In the silent dryer of Unexamined Japanese Patent Application Kokai Publication No. H6-209818, it is necessary to dispose the microphones, the speaker, and the signal processing apparatus.
[0009] In the hair dryer of Unexamined Japanese Patent Application Kokai Publication No. H7-265120, there is needed a special structure in which the curved surface formed at a certain arc angle is elongated and placed from the tip of the suction port of the suction guide to spread toward the external side.
[0010] As described above, the conventional hair dryers have been incapable of reducing noise from the hair dryers unless provided with a special structure such as a resonator, a microphone, a speaker, a signal processing apparatus, or a curved surface placed on the tip of a suction port. An objective of the disclosure is to provide a hair dryer in which noise can be reduced to 60 dB or less while securing a sufficient air quantity of not less than 1.0 m 3 /min without allowing the hair dryer to be provided with a special stricture.
SUMMARY
[0011] The problems described above are solved by a hair dryer of the present disclosure, including: a heater; a fan; a motor for driving the fan; a body case that accommodates the heater, the fan, and the motor; and a thermal barrier tube disposed between the body case and the heater, wherein a diameter of the fan is 90 mm or more, and an air quantity formed by the fan is 1.0 m 3 to 1.4 m 3 /min.
[0012] In the hair dryer of the present disclosure, further, the diameter of the fan is 105 mm or more, and the air quantity can be 1.2 m 3 /min or less. As a result, noise from the hair dryer can be allowed to be 53 dB or less.
[0013] In the hair dryer of the present disclosure, the diameter of the fan is 120 mm, and the air quantity can be 1.0 m 3 /min. As a result, noise from the hair dryer can be allowed to be 43 dB.
[0014] In the hair dryer of the present disclosure, a cross-sectional shape of the thermal barrier tube can be a streamlined shape. As a result, generated noise can be reduced compared to conventional hair dryers in which mica plates have been used.
[0015] In the hair dryer of the present disclosure, the thermal barrier tube can be formed with a heat-resistant resin. As a result, generated noise can be reduced compared to conventional hair dryers in which mica plates have been used.
[0016] In the hair dryer of the present disclosure, a roll diameter of the heater in an air blow inflow side can be two or more times a roll diameter of the heater in an air blow outflow side. As a result, a temperature difference depending on a place in which warm air is generated can be reduced.
[0017] The hair dryer of the present disclosure can include a U-shaped handle. As a result, it becomes easy to hold the hair dryer including the fan having a diameter that is as large as 90 mm or more.
[0018] In accordance with the hair dryer of the present disclosure, the diameter of the fan is allowed to be 90 mm or more, and the air quantity formed by the fan is allowed to be 1.0 m 3 to 1.4 m 3 /min, thereby enabling achievement of a sufficient air quantity of 1.0 m 3 /min and enabling noise to be reduced to 60 dB or less without disposing such special structures as disposed in conventional apparatuses. As a result, the need for disposing a special structure is eliminated, and therefore, the manufacturing cost of the hair dryer can be greatly reduced.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0019] A more complete understanding of this application can be obtained when the following detailed description is considered in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:
[0020] FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a hair dryer of the present disclosure;
[0021] FIG. 2 is a plan view of a hair dryer of the present disclosure;
[0022] FIG. 3 is a front view of a hair dryer of the present disclosure;
[0023] FIG. 4 is a right side view of a hair dryer of the present disclosure;
[0024] FIG. 5 is a rear view of a hair dryer of the present disclosure;
[0025] FIG. 6 is a bottom view of a hair dryer of the present disclosure;
[0026] FIG. 7 is a graph representing a relationship between a fan diameter and a rotation number at an air quantity of 1.2 m 3 /min; and
[0027] FIG. 8 is a graph representing a relationship between a fan diameter and a noise at an air quantity of 1.2 m 3 /min.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0028] A hair dryer 8 of the present disclosure comprises: a cylindrically-shaped body case 12 ; a nozzle 10 disposed in front of the body case 12 ; a rear cover 24 disposed behind the body case 12 ; and a handle 26 disposed on the top of the body case 12 , as illustrated in the plan view ( FIG. 2 ), the front view ( FIG. 3 ), the right side view ( FIG. 4 ), the rear view ( FIG. 5 ), and the bottom view ( FIG. 6 ). The handle 26 , which has a U shape, facilitates holding of the hair dryer comprising a fan having a diameter that is as large as 90 mm or more. When the U-shaped handle is replaced by an L-shaped handle of which only one end is connected to the dryer body, the effect of facilitating holding of the hair dryer is also similar. As illustrated in FIG. 2 , innumerable holes for taking air in are formed in the rear cover 24 .
[0029] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the cross section of the hair dryer 8 taken along the line A-A′ of FIG. 4 . A motor 18 is fixed on the internal side of the body case 12 by nine flow regulating plates 20 . A fan 22 is fixed on the surface, facing the rear cover 24 , of the rotating shaft of the motor 18 . The fan 22 comprising seven blades has a diameter of 90 mm or more. A diameter of less than 90 mm, of the fan, results in an insufficient air quantity.
[0030] A thermal barrier tube 14 is disposed in front of the flow regulating plate 20 . The winding of a heater 16 is disposed on the internal side of the thermal barrier tube 14 . The thermal barrier tube 14 , which is formed with a heat-resistant resin such as PBT or PPS, has the function of shielding heat from the heater 16 to prevent the body case 12 from being influenced by the heat. A conventional hair dryer has included a mica plate (internal side) and a steel plate (external side) as components corresponding to the thermal barrier tube 14 ; however, the mica plate has been vibrated to generate noise by the flow of air. In the hair dryer 8 of the present disclosure, such a problem is solved by adopting the thermal barrier tube 14 with a heat-resistant resin. Since the inner surface of the thermal barrier tube 14 is formed to have a streamlined shape that is weakly convex toward the internal side, the flow of air is smoothened to reduce the noise generated due to the thermal barrier tube 14 . In addition, it has been difficult to alter the shape of a conventional mica plate to be streamlined.
[0031] The diameter of the winding of the heater 16 is varied along the direction of the flow of air. In other words, the roll diameter of the heater 16 in an air inflow side is 93.6 mm while the roll diameter of the heater 16 in an air outflow side is 44 mm. The temperature of air heated by the heater 16 varies greatly depending on a place. However, the temperature difference of air was able to be reduced to 25° C. (maximum temperature of 95° C. and minimum temperature of 75° C.) at an air quantity of 1.2 m 3 /min by adopting such numerical values as the roll diameters of the heater 16 . In a conventional hair dryer, the temperature difference of air depending on a place was 55° C. (maximum temperature of 115° C. and minimum temperature of 60° C.) at an air quantity of 1.2 m 3 /min. Therefore, the temperature difference in the hair dryer 16 of the present disclosure is improved.
[0032] The nozzle 10 , which is disposed in front of the body case 12 , allows air heated by the heater 16 to converge and to be discharged from the hair dryer 8 . It is not essential to dispose the nozzle 10 in the hair dryer 8 .
[0033] FIG. 7 represents a relationship between the diameter of the fan 22 and the rotation number of the motor 18 at an air quantity of 1.2 m 3 /min, and FIG. 8 represents a relationship between the diameter of the fan 22 and the noise at an air quantity of 1.2 m 3 /min.
[0034] Table 1 represents a relationship of the diameter of the fan 22 , the rotation number of the motor 18 , and a noise at an air quantity of 1.2 m 3 /min.
[0000]
TABLE 1
Fan diameter
Rotation number
Noise
(mm)
(rpm)
(dB)
60
12000
65
75
7800
61
90
5400
57
105
4000
53
120
3000
48
[0035] As is clear from Table 1 above, at an air quantity of 1.2 m 3 /min, the noise is 65 dB when the diameter of the fan 22 is 60 mm, the noise is 61 dB when the diameter of the fan 22 is 75 mm, and the noise is 57 dB when the diameter of the fan 22 is 90 mm. In other words, it is necessary to allow the fan 22 to have a diameter of 90 mm or more at an air quantity of 1.2 m 3 /min in order to reduce the noise to 60 dB or less.
[0036] Table 2 represents a relationship of the diameter of the fan 22 and the noises at air quantities of 1.4 m 3 /min, 1.2 m 3 /min, and 1.0 m 3 /min.
[0000]
TABLE 2
Air
Air
Air
quantity of
quantity of
quantity of
1.4
1.2
1.0
Fan diameter
Noise
Noise
Noise
(mm)
(dB)
(dB)
(dB)
60
67
65
62
75
64
61
58
90
60
57
53
105
56
53
48
120
51
48
43
[0037] Based on the above, it is necessary to allow the diameter of the fan 22 to be 90 to 120 mm in order to allow the noise from the hair dryer 8 to be 60 dB or less at an air quantity of 1.4 m 3 /min. In addition, it is necessary to allow the diameter of the fan 22 to be 90 to 120 mm in order to allow the noise to be 60 dB or less at an air quantity of 1.2 m 3 /min. In addition, it is necessary to allow the diameter of the fan 22 to be 75 to 120 mm in order to allow the noise to be 60 dB or less at an air quantity of 1.0 m 3 /min. In addition, the noise can be reduced to 43 dB when the diameter of the fan 22 is 120 mm. In summary, it is found that it is necessary to allow the diameter of the fan 22 to be 90 mm or more in order to reduce the noise to 60 dB or less while securing a sufficient air quantity of 1.0 to 1.4 m 3 /min.
[0038] The foregoing describes some example embodiments for explanatory purposes. Although the foregoing discussion has presented specific embodiments, persons skilled in the art will recognize that changes may be made in form and detail without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the specification and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense. This detailed description, therefore, is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the invention is defined only by the included claims, along with the full range of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. | A hair dryer includes a heater, a fan, a motor for driving the fan, a body case that accommodates the heater, the fan, and the motor, and a thermal barrier tube disposed between the body case and the heater. The diameter of the fan is allowed to be 90 mm or more, and an air quantity formed by the fan is allowed to be 1.0 m 3 to 1.4 m 3 /min, thereby enabling reduction of noise while resulting in the sufficient air quantity. | This abstract discusses a hair dryer that aims to reduce noise levels while providing a sufficient air quantity. The hair dryer includes a fan with a diameter of 90 mm or more, and an air quantity of 1.0 m3 to 1.4 m3/min. By using a thermal barrier tube made of a heat-resistant resin and varying the diameter of the heater, noise levels are reduced compared to conventional hair dryers. The hair dryer also features a U-shaped handle for easy grip. The reduction in noise is achieved without the need for special structures or components, resulting in cost savings during manufacturing. | {
"name": "Irftc",
"display_name": "Faithfulness",
"data": {
"query": "Summarize the context",
"context": "CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION \n [0001] This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-105469, filed on May 21, 2014. The entire specification, claims, and drawings of Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-105469 are incorporated by reference herein. \n FIELD \n [0002] The present disclosure relates to a hair dryer in which air taken in by a fan is heated by a heater. In particular, the present disclosure relates to a hair dryer capable of providing a sufficient air quantity and of reducing a noise level. \n BACKGROUND \n [0003] In a hair dryer for drying hair and/or the like, a fan is rotated by a motor, and air is taken into the main body of the hair dryer through an air suction port, heated by a heater, and discharged out of the main body through an air discharge port. Driving of such a hair dryer has been able to generate a noise of 70 dB, to preclude TV or the like from being watched or a conversation from being held near the hair dryer, and to disturb the sleep of a sleeping person in the middle of the night. Main causes of the noise of hair dryers are considered to be wind noise caused by fans, sounds generated by motors, standing wave noise caused by cases, and the like. Although the decreased rotation number of a motor results in the reduced noise of a hair dryer, the excessively decreased rotation number prevents an air quantity required by the hair dryer from being obtained. \n [0004] Many attempts to reduce the noise of hair dryers have been conventionally made. Unexamined Japanese Patent Application Kokai Publication No. H5-228013 discloses the disclosure in which plural holes are formed at locations having the high axial distributions of the sound pressure of standing wave noise generated by air-column resonance in the case of a dryer, and a resonator is attached to the outer peripheral surface of the case so as to cover the holes, to internally form an air layer, thereby silencing the dryer. According to the constitution of the disclosure, actuation of a motor causes a blower fan to rotate to result in generation of an air blow in the case and to spout the air through an outlet. Noise is generated due to the blow; however, since the plural holes are formed at the locations having the high axial distributions of the sound pressure of the standing wave noise in the case to dispose the resonator on the holes, sounds having specific frequencies can be absorbed and attenuated to reduce sound pressure. Accordingly, the standing wave noise generated by air-column resonance can be effectively absorbed to achieve the silence. \n [0005] Unexamined Japanese Patent Application Kokai Publication No. H6-209818 discloses a silent dryer in which a microphone for detecting the rotation number of a blower fan, a microphone for monitoring noise in a blowport, and a speaker disposed between the blower fan and the microphones are connected to a signal processing apparatus and internally packaged in a main body of the dryer. The signal processing apparatus subjects the output signal of each microphone to phase inversion and to signal processing in the same amplitude in order to reduce the output signal from each microphone, and sends the processed signal to the speaker. A sound processed by the signal processing apparatus and output from the speaker, and noise in the blowport have phases reverse to each other, and therefore cancel each other, thereby reducing the noise. \n [0006] Unexamined Japanese Patent Application Kokai Publication No. H7-265120 discloses a hair dryer comprising: a trunk body, of which both side are provided with a suction port and a discharge port, respectively; a cylinder-shaped suction guide placed in the interior of the trunk body; a motor and a fan placed in the interior of the suction guide; and a discharge guide which is placed on the discharge port side of the trunk body and of which the interior and outlet are provided with a heating coil and a discharge nozzle, respectively, wherein a curved surface formed at a certain arc angle is elongated and placed from the tip of the suction port of the suction guide to spread toward an external side, to regulate the flow of suction air, thereby reducing noise. This hair dryer has the effect of being silently actuated by maintaining the flow of suction air in laminar flow to significantly reduce suction noise. \n [0007] In the hair dryer of Unexamined Japanese Patent Application Kokai Publication No. H5-228013, there is needed a complicated structure in which the plural holes are formed at locations having the high axial distributions of the sound pressure of standing wave noise generated by air-column resonance in the case, and the resonator is attached to the outer peripheral surface of the case so as to cover the holes. \n [0008] In the silent dryer of Unexamined Japanese Patent Application Kokai Publication No. H6-209818, it is necessary to dispose the microphones, the speaker, and the signal processing apparatus. \n [0009] In the hair dryer of Unexamined Japanese Patent Application Kokai Publication No. H7-265120, there is needed a special structure in which the curved surface formed at a certain arc angle is elongated and placed from the tip of the suction port of the suction guide to spread toward the external side. \n [0010] As described above, the conventional hair dryers have been incapable of reducing noise from the hair dryers unless provided with a special structure such as a resonator, a microphone, a speaker, a signal processing apparatus, or a curved surface placed on the tip of a suction port. An objective of the disclosure is to provide a hair dryer in which noise can be reduced to 60 dB or less while securing a sufficient air quantity of not less than 1.0 m 3 /min without allowing the hair dryer to be provided with a special stricture. \n SUMMARY \n [0011] The problems described above are solved by a hair dryer of the present disclosure, including: a heater; a fan; a motor for driving the fan; a body case that accommodates the heater, the fan, and the motor; and a thermal barrier tube disposed between the body case and the heater, wherein a diameter of the fan is 90 mm or more, and an air quantity formed by the fan is 1.0 m 3 to 1.4 m 3 /min. \n [0012] In the hair dryer of the present disclosure, further, the diameter of the fan is 105 mm or more, and the air quantity can be 1.2 m 3 /min or less. As a result, noise from the hair dryer can be allowed to be 53 dB or less. \n [0013] In the hair dryer of the present disclosure, the diameter of the fan is 120 mm, and the air quantity can be 1.0 m 3 /min. As a result, noise from the hair dryer can be allowed to be 43 dB. \n [0014] In the hair dryer of the present disclosure, a cross-sectional shape of the thermal barrier tube can be a streamlined shape. As a result, generated noise can be reduced compared to conventional hair dryers in which mica plates have been used. \n [0015] In the hair dryer of the present disclosure, the thermal barrier tube can be formed with a heat-resistant resin. As a result, generated noise can be reduced compared to conventional hair dryers in which mica plates have been used. \n [0016] In the hair dryer of the present disclosure, a roll diameter of the heater in an air blow inflow side can be two or more times a roll diameter of the heater in an air blow outflow side. As a result, a temperature difference depending on a place in which warm air is generated can be reduced. \n [0017] The hair dryer of the present disclosure can include a U-shaped handle. As a result, it becomes easy to hold the hair dryer including the fan having a diameter that is as large as 90 mm or more. \n [0018] In accordance with the hair dryer of the present disclosure, the diameter of the fan is allowed to be 90 mm or more, and the air quantity formed by the fan is allowed to be 1.0 m 3 to 1.4 m 3 /min, thereby enabling achievement of a sufficient air quantity of 1.0 m 3 /min and enabling noise to be reduced to 60 dB or less without disposing such special structures as disposed in conventional apparatuses. As a result, the need for disposing a special structure is eliminated, and therefore, the manufacturing cost of the hair dryer can be greatly reduced. \n \n \n \n BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS \n [0019] A more complete understanding of this application can be obtained when the following detailed description is considered in conjunction with the following drawings, in which: \n [0020] FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a hair dryer of the present disclosure; \n [0021] FIG. 2 is a plan view of a hair dryer of the present disclosure; \n [0022] FIG. 3 is a front view of a hair dryer of the present disclosure; \n [0023] FIG. 4 is a right side view of a hair dryer of the present disclosure; \n [0024] FIG. 5 is a rear view of a hair dryer of the present disclosure; \n [0025] FIG. 6 is a bottom view of a hair dryer of the present disclosure; \n [0026] FIG. 7 is a graph representing a relationship between a fan diameter and a rotation number at an air quantity of 1.2 m 3 /min; and \n [0027] FIG. 8 is a graph representing a relationship between a fan diameter and a noise at an air quantity of 1.2 m 3 /min. \n \n \n \n DETAILED DESCRIPTION \n [0028] A hair dryer 8 of the present disclosure comprises: a cylindrically-shaped body case 12 ; a nozzle 10 disposed in front of the body case 12 ; a rear cover 24 disposed behind the body case 12 ; and a handle 26 disposed on the top of the body case 12 , as illustrated in the plan view ( FIG. 2 ), the front view ( FIG. 3 ), the right side view ( FIG. 4 ), the rear view ( FIG. 5 ), and the bottom view ( FIG. 6 ). The handle 26 , which has a U shape, facilitates holding of the hair dryer comprising a fan having a diameter that is as large as 90 mm or more. When the U-shaped handle is replaced by an L-shaped handle of which only one end is connected to the dryer body, the effect of facilitating holding of the hair dryer is also similar. As illustrated in FIG. 2 , innumerable holes for taking air in are formed in the rear cover 24 . \n [0029] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the cross section of the hair dryer 8 taken along the line A-A′ of FIG. 4 . A motor 18 is fixed on the internal side of the body case 12 by nine flow regulating plates 20 . A fan 22 is fixed on the surface, facing the rear cover 24 , of the rotating shaft of the motor 18 . The fan 22 comprising seven blades has a diameter of 90 mm or more. A diameter of less than 90 mm, of the fan, results in an insufficient air quantity. \n [0030] A thermal barrier tube 14 is disposed in front of the flow regulating plate 20 . The winding of a heater 16 is disposed on the internal side of the thermal barrier tube 14 . The thermal barrier tube 14 , which is formed with a heat-resistant resin such as PBT or PPS, has the function of shielding heat from the heater 16 to prevent the body case 12 from being influenced by the heat. A conventional hair dryer has included a mica plate (internal side) and a steel plate (external side) as components corresponding to the thermal barrier tube 14 ; however, the mica plate has been vibrated to generate noise by the flow of air. In the hair dryer 8 of the present disclosure, such a problem is solved by adopting the thermal barrier tube 14 with a heat-resistant resin. Since the inner surface of the thermal barrier tube 14 is formed to have a streamlined shape that is weakly convex toward the internal side, the flow of air is smoothened to reduce the noise generated due to the thermal barrier tube 14 . In addition, it has been difficult to alter the shape of a conventional mica plate to be streamlined. \n [0031] The diameter of the winding of the heater 16 is varied along the direction of the flow of air. In other words, the roll diameter of the heater 16 in an air inflow side is 93.6 mm while the roll diameter of the heater 16 in an air outflow side is 44 mm. The temperature of air heated by the heater 16 varies greatly depending on a place. However, the temperature difference of air was able to be reduced to 25° C. (maximum temperature of 95° C. and minimum temperature of 75° C.) at an air quantity of 1.2 m 3 /min by adopting such numerical values as the roll diameters of the heater 16 . In a conventional hair dryer, the temperature difference of air depending on a place was 55° C. (maximum temperature of 115° C. and minimum temperature of 60° C.) at an air quantity of 1.2 m 3 /min. Therefore, the temperature difference in the hair dryer 16 of the present disclosure is improved. \n [0032] The nozzle 10 , which is disposed in front of the body case 12 , allows air heated by the heater 16 to converge and to be discharged from the hair dryer 8 . It is not essential to dispose the nozzle 10 in the hair dryer 8 . \n [0033] FIG. 7 represents a relationship between the diameter of the fan 22 and the rotation number of the motor 18 at an air quantity of 1.2 m 3 /min, and FIG. 8 represents a relationship between the diameter of the fan 22 and the noise at an air quantity of 1.2 m 3 /min. \n [0034] Table 1 represents a relationship of the diameter of the fan 22 , the rotation number of the motor 18 , and a noise at an air quantity of 1.2 m 3 /min. \n [0000] \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n TABLE 1 \n \n \n \n \n \n Fan diameter \n Rotation number \n Noise \n \n \n (mm) \n (rpm) \n (dB) \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n 60 \n 12000 \n 65 \n \n \n 75 \n 7800 \n 61 \n \n \n 90 \n 5400 \n 57 \n \n \n 105 \n 4000 \n 53 \n \n \n 120 \n 3000 \n 48 \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n [0035] As is clear from Table 1 above, at an air quantity of 1.2 m 3 /min, the noise is 65 dB when the diameter of the fan 22 is 60 mm, the noise is 61 dB when the diameter of the fan 22 is 75 mm, and the noise is 57 dB when the diameter of the fan 22 is 90 mm. In other words, it is necessary to allow the fan 22 to have a diameter of 90 mm or more at an air quantity of 1.2 m 3 /min in order to reduce the noise to 60 dB or less. \n [0036] Table 2 represents a relationship of the diameter of the fan 22 and the noises at air quantities of 1.4 m 3 /min, 1.2 m 3 /min, and 1.0 m 3 /min. \n [0000] \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n TABLE 2 \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Air \n Air \n Air \n \n \n \n \n quantity of \n quantity of \n quantity of \n \n \n \n \n 1.4 \n 1.2 \n 1.0 \n \n \n \n Fan diameter \n Noise \n Noise \n Noise \n \n \n \n (mm) \n (dB) \n (dB) \n (dB) \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n 60 \n 67 \n 65 \n 62 \n \n \n \n 75 \n 64 \n 61 \n 58 \n \n \n \n 90 \n 60 \n 57 \n 53 \n \n \n \n 105 \n 56 \n 53 \n 48 \n \n \n \n 120 \n 51 \n 48 \n 43 \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n [0037] Based on the above, it is necessary to allow the diameter of the fan 22 to be 90 to 120 mm in order to allow the noise from the hair dryer 8 to be 60 dB or less at an air quantity of 1.4 m 3 /min. In addition, it is necessary to allow the diameter of the fan 22 to be 90 to 120 mm in order to allow the noise to be 60 dB or less at an air quantity of 1.2 m 3 /min. In addition, it is necessary to allow the diameter of the fan 22 to be 75 to 120 mm in order to allow the noise to be 60 dB or less at an air quantity of 1.0 m 3 /min. In addition, the noise can be reduced to 43 dB when the diameter of the fan 22 is 120 mm. In summary, it is found that it is necessary to allow the diameter of the fan 22 to be 90 mm or more in order to reduce the noise to 60 dB or less while securing a sufficient air quantity of 1.0 to 1.4 m 3 /min. \n [0038] The foregoing describes some example embodiments for explanatory purposes. Although the foregoing discussion has presented specific embodiments, persons skilled in the art will recognize that changes may be made in form and detail without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the specification and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense. This detailed description, therefore, is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the invention is defined only by the included claims, along with the full range of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.",
"response": "This abstract discusses a hair dryer that aims to reduce noise levels while providing a sufficient air quantity. The hair dryer includes a fan with a diameter of 90 mm or more, and an air quantity of 1.0 m3 to 1.4 m3/min. By using a thermal barrier tube made of a heat-resistant resin and varying the diameter of the heater, noise levels are reduced compared to conventional hair dryers. The hair dryer also features a U-shaped handle for easy grip. The reduction in noise is achieved without the need for special structures or components, resulting in cost savings during manufacturing."
},
"failure": false,
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REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims all benefits accruing under 35 U.S.C. §119 from Taiwan Patent Application No. 102103395, filed on Jan. 30, 2013 in the Taiwan Intellectual Property Office. The contents of the Taiwan Application are hereby incorporated by reference. In addition, subject matter relevant to this application is disclosed in: co-pending U.S. Patent Application entitled “ELECTRONIC DEVICE,” Attorney Docket Number US51048, Application No. [to be advised], filed on the same day as the present application. This application and the co-pending U.S. Patent Application are commonly owned, and the contents of the co-pending U.S. Patent Applications are hereby incorporated by reference.
BACKGROUND
[0002] 1. Technical Field
[0003] The disclosure generally relates to electronic devices, and particularly relates to electronic devices having a touchpad and human-computer interaction methods.
[0004] 2. Description of Related Art
[0005] Many notebook computers use touchpads as a “cursor navigator” as well as a component for selecting functions such as “select” and “confirm”. However, the touchpads are often small and incapable of recognizing more complex touch operations.
[0006] Therefore, there is room for improvement within the art.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0007] Many aspects of the embodiments can be better understood with reference to the following drawings. The components in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale, the emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the embodiments. Moreover, in the drawings, like reference numerals designate corresponding parts throughout the views.
[0008] FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an embodiment of an electronic device.
[0009] FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a base member of the electronic device of FIG. 1 .
[0010] FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a touchpad simulating a gamepad.
[0011] FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a touchpad simulating a joystick.
[0012] FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a touchpad simulating a steering wheel.
[0013] FIG. 6 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a human-computer interaction method.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0014] The disclosure is illustrated by way of example and not by way of limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals indicate similar elements. It should be noted that references to “an” or “one” embodiment in this disclosure are not necessarily to the same embodiment, and such references can mean “at least one.”
[0015] In general, the word “module,” as used herein, refers to logic embodied in hardware or firmware, or to a collection of software instructions, written in a programming language such as Java, C, or assembly. One or more software instructions in the modules may be embedded in firmware, such as in an erasable-programmable read-only memory (EPROM). The modules described herein may be implemented as either software and/or hardware modules and may be stored in any type of non-transitory computer-readable medium or other storage device. Some non-limiting examples of non-transitory computer-readable media are compact discs (CDs), digital versatile discs (DVDs), Blu-Ray discs, Flash memory, and hard disk drives.
[0016] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of an electronic device 10 . The electronic device 10 can be, but is not limited to, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a gaming device, a DVD player, a radio, a television, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smart phone, or any other type of portable or non-portable electronic device.
[0017] In one embodiment, the electronic device 10 includes a display member 20 rotatably coupled to a base member 30 to enable variable positioning of the display member 10 relative to the base member 30 . A keyboard 34 and a touchpad 36 are located on a working surface 32 of the base member 30 . In the illustrated embodiment, the touchpad 36 is located in front of the keyboard 34 .
[0018] In one embodiment, a length of the touchpad 36 is greater than 18 centimeters (cm), so that the touchpad 36 is suitable for two-hand operation by a user of the electronic device 10 . The length of the touchpad 36 is substantially the same as the length of the keyboard 34 . In other embodiments, the length of the touchpad 36 is substantially the same as the length of the base member 30 .
[0019] Referring to FIG. 2 , the touchpad 36 defines a middle touch area 362 , a left touch area 364 , and a right touch area 366 . The left touch area 364 is located on a left side of the middle touch area 362 , and the right touch area 366 is located on a right side of the middle touch area 362 . In one embodiment, the left touch area 364 and the right touch area 366 are seamlessly connected to the middle touch area 362 .
[0020] The middle touch area 362 may simulate a pointing device such as a mouse. The left touch area 364 and the right touch area 366 may simulate a gaming controller. The gaming controller may be a gamepad, a joystick, or a steering wheel.
[0021] As illustrated in FIG. 3 , the left touch area 364 and the right touch area 366 simulate a gamepad. The gamepad includes a plurality of direction keys 42 and a plurality of function keys 44 . The left touch area 364 simulates the direction keys 42 . The right touch area 366 simulates the function keys 44 . In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3 , the gamepad includes four direction keys 42 and four function keys 44 . In some embodiments, the gamepad may include eight or more direction keys 42 and six or more function keys 44 .
[0022] In another embodiment, the left touch area 364 may simulate the function keys 44 and the right touch area 366 may simulate the direction keys 42 .
[0023] As illustrated in FIG. 4 , the left touch area 364 and the right touch area 366 simulate a joystick. The joystick includes an analogue stick 52 and a plurality of function keys 54 . The left touch area 364 simulates the analogue stick 52 . The right touch area 366 simulates the function keys 54 . In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4 , the joystick includes four function keys 54 . In some embodiments, the joystick may include six or more function keys 54 .
[0024] In another embodiment, the left touch area 364 may simulate the function keys 54 and the right touch area 366 may simulate the analogue stick 52 .
[0025] As illustrated in FIG. 5 , the left touch area 364 and the right touch area 366 simulate a steering wheel 62 . The steering wheel 62 includes a left portion 622 and a right portion 624 . The left touch area 364 simulates the left portion 622 of the steering wheel 62 . The right touch area 366 simulates the right portion 624 of the steering wheel 62 .
[0026] In one embodiment, when only one of the left touch area 364 and the right touch area 366 detects a touch gesture with more than a pre-determined number of touch points such as 2500 touch points, the left touch area 364 and the right touch area 366 simulate a joystick. When none of the left touch area 364 and the right touch area 366 detects a touch gesture with more than the pre-determined number of touch points, the left touch area 364 and the right touch area 366 simulate a gamepad. When the left touch area 364 and the right touch area 366 simultaneously detect a touch gesture with more than the pre-determined number of touch points, the left touch area 364 and the right touch area 366 simulate a steering wheel.
[0027] The electronic device 10 may provide a user interface (UI) to allow the user to customize the gaming controller simulated by the left touch area 364 and the right touch area 366 . For example, the user may add, delete, or relocate an element of the gaming controller via the UI.
[0028] FIG. 6 shows a flowchart of one embodiment of a human-computer interaction method. The method includes the following steps.
[0029] In step S 601 , the touchpad 36 defines a middle touch area 362 , a left touch area 364 , and a right touch area 366 . The left touch area 364 is located on a left side of the middle touch area 362 , and the right touch area 366 is located on a right side of the middle touch area 362 . In one embodiment, the left touch area 364 and the right touch area 366 are seamlessly connected to the middle touch area 362 .
[0030] In step S 602 , the middle touch area 362 simulates a mouse.
[0031] In step S 603 , the left touch area 364 and the right touch area 366 simulate a gaming controller.
[0032] In step S 604 , the electronic device 10 provides a UI to allow the user to customize the gaming controller simulated by the left touch area 364 and the right touch area 366 .
[0033] Although numerous characteristics and advantages have been set forth in the foregoing description of embodiments, together with details of the structures and functions of the embodiments, the disclosure is illustrative only, and changes may be made in detail, especially in the matters of arrangement of parts within the principles of the disclosure to the full extent indicated by the broad general meaning of the terms in which the appended claims are expressed. | An electronic device includes a base member and a display member rotatably coupled to the base member. A keyboard and a touchpad are located on a working surface of the base member. The touchpad defines a middle touch area, a left touch area, and a right touch area. The middle touch area is configured for simulating a mouse. The first and second touch areas are configured for simulating a gaming controller. A human-computer interaction method is also provided. | This paper presents an electronic device with a touchpad that can simulate various gaming controllers, such as a gamepad, joystick, or steering wheel. The touchpad consists of a middle touch area, a left touch area, and a right touch area, which are seamlessly connected. The device also provides a user interface for customizing the gaming controller simulated by the touchpad. The paper includes detailed descriptions and illustrations of the device and its functionalities. Overall, this innovation improves the user experience and expands the capabilities of electronic devices. | {
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"context": "REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS \n [0001] This application claims all benefits accruing under 35 U.S.C. §119 from Taiwan Patent Application No. 102103395, filed on Jan. 30, 2013 in the Taiwan Intellectual Property Office. The contents of the Taiwan Application are hereby incorporated by reference. In addition, subject matter relevant to this application is disclosed in: co-pending U.S. Patent Application entitled “ELECTRONIC DEVICE,” Attorney Docket Number US51048, Application No. [to be advised], filed on the same day as the present application. This application and the co-pending U.S. Patent Application are commonly owned, and the contents of the co-pending U.S. Patent Applications are hereby incorporated by reference. \n BACKGROUND \n [0002] 1. Technical Field \n [0003] The disclosure generally relates to electronic devices, and particularly relates to electronic devices having a touchpad and human-computer interaction methods. \n [0004] 2. Description of Related Art \n [0005] Many notebook computers use touchpads as a “cursor navigator” as well as a component for selecting functions such as “select” and “confirm”. However, the touchpads are often small and incapable of recognizing more complex touch operations. \n [0006] Therefore, there is room for improvement within the art. \n \n \n \n BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS \n [0007] Many aspects of the embodiments can be better understood with reference to the following drawings. The components in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale, the emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the embodiments. Moreover, in the drawings, like reference numerals designate corresponding parts throughout the views. \n [0008] FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an embodiment of an electronic device. \n [0009] FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a base member of the electronic device of FIG. 1 . \n [0010] FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a touchpad simulating a gamepad. \n [0011] FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a touchpad simulating a joystick. \n [0012] FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a touchpad simulating a steering wheel. \n [0013] FIG. 6 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a human-computer interaction method. \n \n \n \n DETAILED DESCRIPTION \n [0014] The disclosure is illustrated by way of example and not by way of limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals indicate similar elements. It should be noted that references to “an” or “one” embodiment in this disclosure are not necessarily to the same embodiment, and such references can mean “at least one.” \n [0015] In general, the word “module,” as used herein, refers to logic embodied in hardware or firmware, or to a collection of software instructions, written in a programming language such as Java, C, or assembly. One or more software instructions in the modules may be embedded in firmware, such as in an erasable-programmable read-only memory (EPROM). The modules described herein may be implemented as either software and/or hardware modules and may be stored in any type of non-transitory computer-readable medium or other storage device. Some non-limiting examples of non-transitory computer-readable media are compact discs (CDs), digital versatile discs (DVDs), Blu-Ray discs, Flash memory, and hard disk drives. \n [0016] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of an electronic device 10 . The electronic device 10 can be, but is not limited to, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a gaming device, a DVD player, a radio, a television, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smart phone, or any other type of portable or non-portable electronic device. \n [0017] In one embodiment, the electronic device 10 includes a display member 20 rotatably coupled to a base member 30 to enable variable positioning of the display member 10 relative to the base member 30 . A keyboard 34 and a touchpad 36 are located on a working surface 32 of the base member 30 . In the illustrated embodiment, the touchpad 36 is located in front of the keyboard 34 . \n [0018] In one embodiment, a length of the touchpad 36 is greater than 18 centimeters (cm), so that the touchpad 36 is suitable for two-hand operation by a user of the electronic device 10 . The length of the touchpad 36 is substantially the same as the length of the keyboard 34 . In other embodiments, the length of the touchpad 36 is substantially the same as the length of the base member 30 . \n [0019] Referring to FIG. 2 , the touchpad 36 defines a middle touch area 362 , a left touch area 364 , and a right touch area 366 . The left touch area 364 is located on a left side of the middle touch area 362 , and the right touch area 366 is located on a right side of the middle touch area 362 . In one embodiment, the left touch area 364 and the right touch area 366 are seamlessly connected to the middle touch area 362 . \n [0020] The middle touch area 362 may simulate a pointing device such as a mouse. The left touch area 364 and the right touch area 366 may simulate a gaming controller. The gaming controller may be a gamepad, a joystick, or a steering wheel. \n [0021] As illustrated in FIG. 3 , the left touch area 364 and the right touch area 366 simulate a gamepad. The gamepad includes a plurality of direction keys 42 and a plurality of function keys 44 . The left touch area 364 simulates the direction keys 42 . The right touch area 366 simulates the function keys 44 . In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3 , the gamepad includes four direction keys 42 and four function keys 44 . In some embodiments, the gamepad may include eight or more direction keys 42 and six or more function keys 44 . \n [0022] In another embodiment, the left touch area 364 may simulate the function keys 44 and the right touch area 366 may simulate the direction keys 42 . \n [0023] As illustrated in FIG. 4 , the left touch area 364 and the right touch area 366 simulate a joystick. The joystick includes an analogue stick 52 and a plurality of function keys 54 . The left touch area 364 simulates the analogue stick 52 . The right touch area 366 simulates the function keys 54 . In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4 , the joystick includes four function keys 54 . In some embodiments, the joystick may include six or more function keys 54 . \n [0024] In another embodiment, the left touch area 364 may simulate the function keys 54 and the right touch area 366 may simulate the analogue stick 52 . \n [0025] As illustrated in FIG. 5 , the left touch area 364 and the right touch area 366 simulate a steering wheel 62 . The steering wheel 62 includes a left portion 622 and a right portion 624 . The left touch area 364 simulates the left portion 622 of the steering wheel 62 . The right touch area 366 simulates the right portion 624 of the steering wheel 62 . \n [0026] In one embodiment, when only one of the left touch area 364 and the right touch area 366 detects a touch gesture with more than a pre-determined number of touch points such as 2500 touch points, the left touch area 364 and the right touch area 366 simulate a joystick. When none of the left touch area 364 and the right touch area 366 detects a touch gesture with more than the pre-determined number of touch points, the left touch area 364 and the right touch area 366 simulate a gamepad. When the left touch area 364 and the right touch area 366 simultaneously detect a touch gesture with more than the pre-determined number of touch points, the left touch area 364 and the right touch area 366 simulate a steering wheel. \n [0027] The electronic device 10 may provide a user interface (UI) to allow the user to customize the gaming controller simulated by the left touch area 364 and the right touch area 366 . For example, the user may add, delete, or relocate an element of the gaming controller via the UI. \n [0028] FIG. 6 shows a flowchart of one embodiment of a human-computer interaction method. The method includes the following steps. \n [0029] In step S 601 , the touchpad 36 defines a middle touch area 362 , a left touch area 364 , and a right touch area 366 . The left touch area 364 is located on a left side of the middle touch area 362 , and the right touch area 366 is located on a right side of the middle touch area 362 . In one embodiment, the left touch area 364 and the right touch area 366 are seamlessly connected to the middle touch area 362 . \n [0030] In step S 602 , the middle touch area 362 simulates a mouse. \n [0031] In step S 603 , the left touch area 364 and the right touch area 366 simulate a gaming controller. \n [0032] In step S 604 , the electronic device 10 provides a UI to allow the user to customize the gaming controller simulated by the left touch area 364 and the right touch area 366 . \n [0033] Although numerous characteristics and advantages have been set forth in the foregoing description of embodiments, together with details of the structures and functions of the embodiments, the disclosure is illustrative only, and changes may be made in detail, especially in the matters of arrangement of parts within the principles of the disclosure to the full extent indicated by the broad general meaning of the terms in which the appended claims are expressed.",
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CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] The present invention claims priority benefits of application No. 60/810,018 filed Jun. 1, 2006, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The field of the invention is a pulsed-release formulation for a pharmaceutical composition comprising phenylephrine. The pharmaceutical composition comprises an immediate-release component and an enteric-coated component formulated together as a solid form or as a liquid suspension for administration to an individual.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Phenylephrine and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts are recognized by those skilled in the art as safe and effective nasal decongestants when administered at frequent intervals. Commercially-available formulations include nasal jelly, nasal drops, and nasal spray (i.e. Alconefrin® Nasal Drops or Neo-Synephrine® Nasal Jelly) as well as immediate release oral tablets or gelatin capsules (i.e. Sudafed PE™ or DayQuil® LiquiCaps). Due to a short half-life in vivo, phenylephrine and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts as currently formulated are commonly administered every four to six hours for the relief of nasal congestion.
[0004] Pulsed delivery formulations result in a decrease in the frequency of drug administration thereby improving patient compliance. Furthermore, pulsed delivery systems may produce more consistent therapeutic plasma levels of active ingredient as compared to multiple doses of a conventional immediate release formulation given at variable times. Thus, pulsed drug delivery systems may decrease the severity and frequency of side effects. As used herein, pulsed-release is synonymous with pulsatile release.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0005] An object of the present invention is to provide a formulation or pharmaceutical composition of phenylephrine that can be administered on a twice-daily basis. An additional object of the invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition or a formulation of phenylephrine that can be administered on a twice-daily basis compatible with incorporation of another active ingredient such as one or more of an antihistamine, an analgesic, an anti-pyretic and an NSAID and mixtures of two or other active ingredients. In preferred embodiments, the other active ingredient is desloratadine or loratadine. A further object of the invention is to provide pharmaceutical compositions for administration to patients of all ages including but not limited to children between the ages of 2 to 6.
[0006] To meet at least one of the above objects, the present invention provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising an immediate-release component in a solid form and a delayed-release component in a solid form, wherein the immediate-release component comprises phenylephrine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and further wherein the delayed-release component comprises microcrystals coated with an enteric coating and seeded with phenylephrine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention further comprise at least one active selected from the group consisting of an antihistamine, an analgesic, anti-pyretic, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and mixtures of two or more thereof in immediate release form. The pharmaceutical compositions can be prepared and stored in solid (powder) form which can, when desired, be dissolved or suspended in a liquid. In a preferred embodiment, the liquid form of the pharmaceutical composition is a syrup suitable for administration to a child of about 2 to about 6 years on a twice daily basis. The invention also provides methods of making and using the pulsed release formulations and pharmaceutical compositions comprising phenylephrine in immediate and delayed release forms.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0007] According to one embodiment of the invention, the active ingredient for the pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention is phenylephrine or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof According to other embodiments of the invention, the active ingredients for the pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention, are phenylephrine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in combination with one or more of antihistamine, an analgesic, an anti-pyretic, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) or a mixture of two or more thereof.
[0008] According to the invention, the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention comprise an amount of phenylephrine for immediate-release and an amount of phenylephrine for delayed release. The delayed-release phenylephrine is released from enteric-coated microcrystals seeded with phenylephrine and coated with a pH-sensitive coating. When combined, the immediate-release component and the enteric-coated component allow extended release of phenylephrine in two pulses—a first pulse of phenylephrine upon administration of the formulation to an individual and a second pulse following entry of the microcrystals into the higher pH environment of the intestines.
[0009] For purposes of distribution and storage, the immediate-release portion of phenylephrine may be combined in solid form with the delayed-release enteric-coated microcrystals containing a second portion of phenylephrine as a mixture of solids. For example, powdered phenylephrine may be physically mixed with a powder of phenylephrine-containing enteric-coated microcrystals. The combined powder can be packaged for distribution to hospitals or pharmacies, and stored for a prolonged period such as two years. For ease of administration to an individual, a liquid formulation can be made or “reconstituted” by addition of the mixed powder to water or other liquid to yield a suspension or dispersion of particles in a liquid. In one embodiment, the “reconstituted” liquid suspension is administered to an individual within about two weeks from the time the suspension is made or reconstituted. The liquid portion of the suspension may be aqueous or non-aqueous or a mixture of aqueous and non-aqueous as in an emulsion, or may be described as a syrup. Examples of suitable liquids include water, sorbitol, glycerin, or one or more edible oils. In a preferred embodiment, the reconstituted formulation is aqueous.
[0010] According to the invention, an amount of phenylephrine is formulated for immediate release. By immediate release is meant that the active agent is available for absorption by the processes of disintegration and dissolution such that the active agent begins to elicit its decongestant effect essentially upon administration. In a preferred embodiment, the immediate-release portion of phenylephrine is dissolved or suspended by the liquid in forming a liquid formulation.
[0011] A second amount of phenylephrine in the pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention is incorporated in an enteric-coated microcrystal which can be suspended in the liquid formulation. The term microcrystal is not intended to be limiting, and includes particles, microparticles, beads, microbeads, powders, granules, pellets, micropellets, nonpareil seeds, and microcapsules. A preferred embodiment includes micro-repetabs. Micro-repetab technology is described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,178,878 and 5,607,697, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. The microcrystals can be formed from standard pharmaceutical ingredients such as one or more of lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, starch, starch derivatives, sugar, polyvinylpyrrolidone, crospovidone, and the like. The microcrystals may further contain one or more standard excipients in the art such as calcium, dicalcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, disintegrants, glidants, magnesium stearate, matrix-forming agents, acacia, butylparaben, carnauba wax, rosin, and the like. The microcrystals preferably have an average particle size of about 200 to about 300 microns. In one embodiment, about 90% or more of the microcrystals have a particle size between about 200 to about 300 microns. In other less preferred embodiments, the particles may be in the range of 100-500 microns.
[0012] Methods of forming microcrystals containing an active pharmaceutical agent are known in the art. For example, the phenylephrine or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof may be incorporated into the core of the microcrystal, or the active agent(s) may be coated on the surface of the microcrystal as a dusting powder. In one embodiment, the enteric-coated microcrystal contains from about 90% to about 70% combined coating and core material by weight and from about 10% to about 30% by weight active ingredients). In a preferred embodiment, the microcrystal contains about 80% by weight combined coating and core material and about 20% by weight active ingredient(s).
[0013] A wide variety of conventional enteric coatings may be employed to coat the phenylephrine-containing microcrystals, including, for example: cellulose acetate phthalate; hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP); hydroxypropyl cellulose acetyl succinate: polyvinyl acetate phthalate; acrylate copolymers, ammonio-containing acrylate copolymers, and copolymerized methacrylic acid/methacrylic acid methyl esters, such as Eudragit L 12.5, Eudragit L 100 55, Eudragit S 100, and Eudragit RS; and mixtures thereof Such copolymers are available as aqueous dispersions of copolymers of acrylic and methacrylic acid esters with a low (substitution) content of quaternary ammonium groups present as salts, (e.g., quaternary ammonium chlorides). Eudragit RL 30D and Eudragit RS 30D are available as 30% aqueous dispersions. The enteric coating may further contain one or more conventional plasticizers, pigments and/or dispersants, including, for example, polyethylene glycols, triacetin, triethyl citrate, Citroflex and dibutyl sebacate.
[0014] One or more viscosity-modifying agents may be included in the formulation to maintain uniformity. In addition, one or more viscosity-modifying agents may prevent caking or separation upon storage. Viscosity-modifying agents may include polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, and mixtures thereof.
[0015] The pharmaceutical compositions may include a buffer system to reduce dissolution of the enteric coating on the microcrystals. In one embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition is buffered to a pH of about 3 to about 4. A preferred buffer system is citric acid and sodium citrate.
[0016] Pharmaceutical compositions according to the present invention may further comprise one or more additives. Additives include stabilizing agents (sodium edetate, etc.), tonicity agents (sodium chloride, glycerin, mannitol, etc.), pH adjustors (hydrochloric acid, citric acid, sodium hydroxide, etc.), and suspending agents (methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, etc.). Examples of particularly useful additives include sweeteners such as Sucralose, sucrose, saccharin, etc., preservatives such as sodium benzoate, and food coloring. It will be appreciated that the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may also contain any one or more other additives conventionally used in the formulation of pharmaceutical compositions.
[0017] In a preferred embodiment, the pharmaceutical compositions include an antihistamine. Long-acting antihistamines selected from the group consisting of loratadine, desloratadine, azatidine, fexofenadine, terfenadine, cetirizine, astemizole, and levocabastine, or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts are suitable for the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention. Preferred antihistamines include loratadine and desloratadine. Loratadine is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,282,233 as a non-sedating antihistamine useful, for example, in alleviation of seasonal allergic rhinitis symptoms such as sneezing and itching. The active metabolite of loratadine is desloratadine, which has a half-life (t 1/2 ) of approximately 15 to 19 hours. U.S. Pat. No. 5,595,997 discloses methods and compositions for treating seasonal allergic rhinitis symptoms using desloratadine. Loratadine and desloratadine are available in the form of conventional tablets that release the active agent in a conventional manner. Due to the long half life of loratadine compared to phenylephrine, the loratadine in the formulation according to the present invention is preferably available for immediate release. For example, loratadine or desloratadine may be present in solution or dissolution in the carrier liquid.
[0018] The subject to which the composition according to the invention is to be administered is not restricted. In a preferred embodiment, the formulation is administered to a child between the ages of about 2 to about 6. The dosage varies depending on the size and age of the patient, the severity of the symptoms, and the like. The administration is preferably carried out by adjusting the dosage based on the subject's response, and is preferably administered once or twice daily.
EXAMPLE
[0019] The following non-limiting example is shown in order that the present invention may be more readily understood.
Formulation Example 1
[0020] A suspension can be obtained by “reconstitution” of the following in water:
[0000]
desloratadine or loratadine powder:
2.5 mg
phenylephrine:
2.5 mg
enteric-coated phenylephrine 1 :
12.5 mg
citric acid and sodium citrate:
to adjust pH to 3-4
polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP):
viscosant, as needed to
maintain uniformity
Sucralose:
sweetener, as needed
sodium benzoate:
preservative, as needed
FD&C color:
coloring, as needed
water:
to 5 mL
1 micro-cellulose particle seeded with phenylephrine and coated with Eudragit RS[200 with a loading rate of 20% active ingredient (i.e. 2.5 mg phenylephrine out of 12.5 mg particles).
[0021] The above ingredients are mixed until a uniform suspension is obtained and administered to a patient within 15 days of mixing.
[0022] From the above description, one can ascertain the essential characteristics of the present invention and, without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, can make various changes and modifications of the invention to adapt it to various uses and conditions. | The invention discloses a pulsed-release formulation or a pharmaceutical composition comprising phenylephrine. The pharmaceutical composition comprises an immediate-release component and an enteric-coated component formulated together either in solid form or in a suspension. The enteric-coated component comprises microcrystals seeded with phenylephrine as an active ingredient and coated with a pH sensitive coating to delay release of the phenylephrine. The pharmaceutical composition can further comprise at least one active selected from the group consisting of an antihistamine, an analgesic, anti-pyretic, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and mixtures of two or more said actives. | This abstract describes a pulsed-release formulation for a pharmaceutical composition containing phenylephrine. The composition includes an immediate-release component and an enteric-coated component, which can be administered as a solid form or a liquid suspension. The invention aims to provide a formulation of phenylephrine that can be administered twice-daily and is compatible with other active ingredients. The composition is prepared using microcrystals coated with an enteric coating and seeded with phenylephrine. The formulation allows for extended release of phenylephrine in two pulses, providing more consistent therapeutic plasma levels and potentially reducing side effects. The abstract also includes a formulation example for a suspension containing phenylephrine and other components. | {
"name": "Irftc",
"display_name": "Faithfulness",
"data": {
"query": "Summarize the context",
"context": "CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS \n [0001] The present invention claims priority benefits of application No. 60/810,018 filed Jun. 1, 2006, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. \n \n FIELD OF THE INVENTION \n [0002] The field of the invention is a pulsed-release formulation for a pharmaceutical composition comprising phenylephrine. The pharmaceutical composition comprises an immediate-release component and an enteric-coated component formulated together as a solid form or as a liquid suspension for administration to an individual. \n BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION \n [0003] Phenylephrine and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts are recognized by those skilled in the art as safe and effective nasal decongestants when administered at frequent intervals. Commercially-available formulations include nasal jelly, nasal drops, and nasal spray (i.e. Alconefrin® Nasal Drops or Neo-Synephrine® Nasal Jelly) as well as immediate release oral tablets or gelatin capsules (i.e. Sudafed PE™ or DayQuil® LiquiCaps). Due to a short half-life in vivo, phenylephrine and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts as currently formulated are commonly administered every four to six hours for the relief of nasal congestion. \n [0004] Pulsed delivery formulations result in a decrease in the frequency of drug administration thereby improving patient compliance. Furthermore, pulsed delivery systems may produce more consistent therapeutic plasma levels of active ingredient as compared to multiple doses of a conventional immediate release formulation given at variable times. Thus, pulsed drug delivery systems may decrease the severity and frequency of side effects. As used herein, pulsed-release is synonymous with pulsatile release. \n SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION \n [0005] An object of the present invention is to provide a formulation or pharmaceutical composition of phenylephrine that can be administered on a twice-daily basis. An additional object of the invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition or a formulation of phenylephrine that can be administered on a twice-daily basis compatible with incorporation of another active ingredient such as one or more of an antihistamine, an analgesic, an anti-pyretic and an NSAID and mixtures of two or other active ingredients. In preferred embodiments, the other active ingredient is desloratadine or loratadine. A further object of the invention is to provide pharmaceutical compositions for administration to patients of all ages including but not limited to children between the ages of 2 to 6. \n [0006] To meet at least one of the above objects, the present invention provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising an immediate-release component in a solid form and a delayed-release component in a solid form, wherein the immediate-release component comprises phenylephrine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and further wherein the delayed-release component comprises microcrystals coated with an enteric coating and seeded with phenylephrine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention further comprise at least one active selected from the group consisting of an antihistamine, an analgesic, anti-pyretic, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and mixtures of two or more thereof in immediate release form. The pharmaceutical compositions can be prepared and stored in solid (powder) form which can, when desired, be dissolved or suspended in a liquid. In a preferred embodiment, the liquid form of the pharmaceutical composition is a syrup suitable for administration to a child of about 2 to about 6 years on a twice daily basis. The invention also provides methods of making and using the pulsed release formulations and pharmaceutical compositions comprising phenylephrine in immediate and delayed release forms. \n \n DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION \n [0007] According to one embodiment of the invention, the active ingredient for the pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention is phenylephrine or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof According to other embodiments of the invention, the active ingredients for the pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention, are phenylephrine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in combination with one or more of antihistamine, an analgesic, an anti-pyretic, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) or a mixture of two or more thereof. \n [0008] According to the invention, the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention comprise an amount of phenylephrine for immediate-release and an amount of phenylephrine for delayed release. The delayed-release phenylephrine is released from enteric-coated microcrystals seeded with phenylephrine and coated with a pH-sensitive coating. When combined, the immediate-release component and the enteric-coated component allow extended release of phenylephrine in two pulses—a first pulse of phenylephrine upon administration of the formulation to an individual and a second pulse following entry of the microcrystals into the higher pH environment of the intestines. \n [0009] For purposes of distribution and storage, the immediate-release portion of phenylephrine may be combined in solid form with the delayed-release enteric-coated microcrystals containing a second portion of phenylephrine as a mixture of solids. For example, powdered phenylephrine may be physically mixed with a powder of phenylephrine-containing enteric-coated microcrystals. The combined powder can be packaged for distribution to hospitals or pharmacies, and stored for a prolonged period such as two years. For ease of administration to an individual, a liquid formulation can be made or “reconstituted” by addition of the mixed powder to water or other liquid to yield a suspension or dispersion of particles in a liquid. In one embodiment, the “reconstituted” liquid suspension is administered to an individual within about two weeks from the time the suspension is made or reconstituted. The liquid portion of the suspension may be aqueous or non-aqueous or a mixture of aqueous and non-aqueous as in an emulsion, or may be described as a syrup. Examples of suitable liquids include water, sorbitol, glycerin, or one or more edible oils. In a preferred embodiment, the reconstituted formulation is aqueous. \n [0010] According to the invention, an amount of phenylephrine is formulated for immediate release. By immediate release is meant that the active agent is available for absorption by the processes of disintegration and dissolution such that the active agent begins to elicit its decongestant effect essentially upon administration. In a preferred embodiment, the immediate-release portion of phenylephrine is dissolved or suspended by the liquid in forming a liquid formulation. \n [0011] A second amount of phenylephrine in the pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention is incorporated in an enteric-coated microcrystal which can be suspended in the liquid formulation. The term microcrystal is not intended to be limiting, and includes particles, microparticles, beads, microbeads, powders, granules, pellets, micropellets, nonpareil seeds, and microcapsules. A preferred embodiment includes micro-repetabs. Micro-repetab technology is described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,178,878 and 5,607,697, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. The microcrystals can be formed from standard pharmaceutical ingredients such as one or more of lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, starch, starch derivatives, sugar, polyvinylpyrrolidone, crospovidone, and the like. The microcrystals may further contain one or more standard excipients in the art such as calcium, dicalcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, disintegrants, glidants, magnesium stearate, matrix-forming agents, acacia, butylparaben, carnauba wax, rosin, and the like. The microcrystals preferably have an average particle size of about 200 to about 300 microns. In one embodiment, about 90% or more of the microcrystals have a particle size between about 200 to about 300 microns. In other less preferred embodiments, the particles may be in the range of 100-500 microns. \n [0012] Methods of forming microcrystals containing an active pharmaceutical agent are known in the art. For example, the phenylephrine or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof may be incorporated into the core of the microcrystal, or the active agent(s) may be coated on the surface of the microcrystal as a dusting powder. In one embodiment, the enteric-coated microcrystal contains from about 90% to about 70% combined coating and core material by weight and from about 10% to about 30% by weight active ingredients). In a preferred embodiment, the microcrystal contains about 80% by weight combined coating and core material and about 20% by weight active ingredient(s). \n [0013] A wide variety of conventional enteric coatings may be employed to coat the phenylephrine-containing microcrystals, including, for example: cellulose acetate phthalate; hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP); hydroxypropyl cellulose acetyl succinate: polyvinyl acetate phthalate; acrylate copolymers, ammonio-containing acrylate copolymers, and copolymerized methacrylic acid/methacrylic acid methyl esters, such as Eudragit L 12.5, Eudragit L 100 55, Eudragit S 100, and Eudragit RS; and mixtures thereof Such copolymers are available as aqueous dispersions of copolymers of acrylic and methacrylic acid esters with a low (substitution) content of quaternary ammonium groups present as salts, (e.g., quaternary ammonium chlorides). Eudragit RL 30D and Eudragit RS 30D are available as 30% aqueous dispersions. The enteric coating may further contain one or more conventional plasticizers, pigments and/or dispersants, including, for example, polyethylene glycols, triacetin, triethyl citrate, Citroflex and dibutyl sebacate. \n [0014] One or more viscosity-modifying agents may be included in the formulation to maintain uniformity. In addition, one or more viscosity-modifying agents may prevent caking or separation upon storage. Viscosity-modifying agents may include polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, and mixtures thereof. \n [0015] The pharmaceutical compositions may include a buffer system to reduce dissolution of the enteric coating on the microcrystals. In one embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition is buffered to a pH of about 3 to about 4. A preferred buffer system is citric acid and sodium citrate. \n [0016] Pharmaceutical compositions according to the present invention may further comprise one or more additives. Additives include stabilizing agents (sodium edetate, etc.), tonicity agents (sodium chloride, glycerin, mannitol, etc.), pH adjustors (hydrochloric acid, citric acid, sodium hydroxide, etc.), and suspending agents (methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, etc.). Examples of particularly useful additives include sweeteners such as Sucralose, sucrose, saccharin, etc., preservatives such as sodium benzoate, and food coloring. It will be appreciated that the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may also contain any one or more other additives conventionally used in the formulation of pharmaceutical compositions. \n [0017] In a preferred embodiment, the pharmaceutical compositions include an antihistamine. Long-acting antihistamines selected from the group consisting of loratadine, desloratadine, azatidine, fexofenadine, terfenadine, cetirizine, astemizole, and levocabastine, or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts are suitable for the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention. Preferred antihistamines include loratadine and desloratadine. Loratadine is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,282,233 as a non-sedating antihistamine useful, for example, in alleviation of seasonal allergic rhinitis symptoms such as sneezing and itching. The active metabolite of loratadine is desloratadine, which has a half-life (t 1/2 ) of approximately 15 to 19 hours. U.S. Pat. No. 5,595,997 discloses methods and compositions for treating seasonal allergic rhinitis symptoms using desloratadine. Loratadine and desloratadine are available in the form of conventional tablets that release the active agent in a conventional manner. Due to the long half life of loratadine compared to phenylephrine, the loratadine in the formulation according to the present invention is preferably available for immediate release. For example, loratadine or desloratadine may be present in solution or dissolution in the carrier liquid. \n [0018] The subject to which the composition according to the invention is to be administered is not restricted. In a preferred embodiment, the formulation is administered to a child between the ages of about 2 to about 6. The dosage varies depending on the size and age of the patient, the severity of the symptoms, and the like. The administration is preferably carried out by adjusting the dosage based on the subject's response, and is preferably administered once or twice daily. \n EXAMPLE \n [0019] The following non-limiting example is shown in order that the present invention may be more readily understood. \n Formulation Example 1 \n [0020] A suspension can be obtained by “reconstitution” of the following in water: \n [0000] \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n desloratadine or loratadine powder: \n 2.5 mg \n \n \n \n phenylephrine: \n 2.5 mg \n \n \n \n enteric-coated phenylephrine 1 : \n 12.5 mg \n \n \n \n citric acid and sodium citrate: \n to adjust pH to 3-4 \n \n \n \n polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP): \n viscosant, as needed to \n \n \n \n \n maintain uniformity \n \n \n \n Sucralose: \n sweetener, as needed \n \n \n \n sodium benzoate: \n preservative, as needed \n \n \n \n FD&C color: \n coloring, as needed \n \n \n \n water: \n to 5 mL \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n 1 micro-cellulose particle seeded with phenylephrine and coated with Eudragit RS[200 with a loading rate of 20% active ingredient (i.e. 2.5 mg phenylephrine out of 12.5 mg particles). \n \n \n \n \n \n \n [0021] The above ingredients are mixed until a uniform suspension is obtained and administered to a patient within 15 days of mixing. \n [0022] From the above description, one can ascertain the essential characteristics of the present invention and, without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, can make various changes and modifications of the invention to adapt it to various uses and conditions.",
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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] Platelet disorders may cause defective formation of hemostatic plugs and bleeding because of decreased platelet numbers (thrombocytopenia) or because of decreased function despite adequate platelet numbers. Thrombocytopenia is a condition in which an individual has a platelet count below the normal range of 250,000-500,000/?L. Thrombocytopenia may stem from failed platelet production, splenic sequestration of platelets, increased platelet destruction, or use, or dilution. Regardless of cause, severe thrombocytopenia and platelet dysfunction results in a typical pattern of bleeding: multiple petechiae in the skin, often most evident on the lower legs, scattered small ecchymoses at sites of minor trauma, mucosal bleeding (epistaxis, bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract (GI) and genitalurinary tract (GU), vaginal bleeding). Heavy GI bleeding and bleeding into the central nervous system (CNS) may be life threatening. Thus, there is a need for a treatment to inhibit bleeding caused by failed platelet production, increased platelet destruction or use.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention fills this need by administering factor XIII to patients afflicted with platelet dysfunction, or thrombocytopenia where the thrombocytopenia is caused by metabolic disease, chemical agent or radiation.
[0003] Introduction
[0004] Examples of conditions that can lead to failed platelet production are leukemia, aplastic anemia, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, alcohol induced thrombocytopenia, thrombocytopenia in megaloblastic anemias, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated thrombocytopenia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and myelodysplastic syndromes. Sequestration of platelets in enlarged spleens can also cause thrombocytopenia. This is can be caused by cirrhosis with congestive splenomegaly, myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia, and Gaucher's disease. Pathologic destruction of platelets may also result in thrombocytopenia. This is very often caused by platelets being coated by antibodies and then being removed by mononuclear phagocytes induced by idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, HIV-associated thrombocytopenia, drug induced thrombocytopenia and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. Platelet destruction can also be induced by thrombin-induced platelet damage as occurs in states with intravascular coagulation such as in complications of obstetrics, metastatic malignancy, septicemia and traumatic brain damage. Platelet destruction can also be caused by acute vascular abnormalities as is often found in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura-hemolytic-uremic syndrome, thrombocytopenia in adult respiratory distress syndrome and severe infections with septicemia. Thrombocytopenia can also be caused by such agents as quinidine, chemotherapy drugs, quinine, heparin, radiation, nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin, ibuprofen and naproxen.
[0005] The method of the present invention provides symptomatic relief of the thrombocytopenia or platelet dysfunction by administering factor XIII. The administration of factor XIII can be applied prophylactically or at the time of a bleeding episode.
[0006] Factor XIII, also known as fibrin-stabilizing factor, circulates in the plasma at a concentration of 20 ?g/ml. The protein exists in plasma as a tetramer comprised of two A subunits and two B subunits. Each subunit has a molecular weight of 83,000 Da, and the complete protein has a molecular weight of approximately 330,000 Da. Factor XIII catalyzes the cross-linkage between the γ-glutamyl and ε-lysyl groups of different fibrin strands. The catalytic activity of factor XIII resides in the A subunits. The B subunits act as carriers for the A subunits in plasma factor XIII. Recombinant factor XIII can be produced according to the process described in European Patent No. 0 268 772 B1. The level of factor XIII in the plasma can be increased by administering a factor XIII concentrate derived from human placenta called FIBROGAMMIN® (Aventis Corp.) or by administration of recombinant factor XIII. When recombinant factor XIII is used, only the ‘A 2 ’ homodimer is generally administered without the ‘B 2 ’ subunit.
[0007] Administration of factor XIII to a subject is generally done intravenously. When administering therapeutic proteins by injection, the administration may be by continuous infusion or by single or multiple boluses. A pharmaceutical composition comprising factor XIII can be formulated according to known methods to prepare pharmaceutically useful compositions, whereby the therapeutic proteins are combined in a mixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. A composition is said to be a “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” if its administration can be tolerated by a recipient patient. A suitable pharmaceutical composition of factor XIII will contain 1 mM EDTA, 10 mM Glycine, 2% sucrose in water. An alternative formulation will be a factor XIII composition containing 20 mM histidine, 3% wt/volume sucrose, 2 mM glycine and 0.01% wt/vol. polysorbate, pH 8. The concentration of factor XIII should preferably be 1-10 mg/mL, more preferably about 5 mg/mL.
[0008] Other suitable carriers are well known to those in the art. See, for example, Gennaro (ed.), Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences , 19th Edition (Mack Publishing Company 1995).
[0009] Administration of Factor XIII
[0010] Factor XIII can be administered intravenously, intramuscularly or subcutaneously to treat platelet dysfunction or thrombocytopenia caused by metabolic disease, chemical agents or radiation. The levels of factor XIII in an individual can be determined by assays well known in the art such as the BERICHROM® F XIII assay (Dade Behring Marburgh GmbH, Marburg, Germany). The normal adult has an average of about 45 ml of plasma per kg of body weight. Each liter of blood has 1000 units (U) of factor XIII. The amount of factor XIII administered should be enough to bring an individual's level of factor XIII in the plasma to at least 100% of normal plasma or preferably 1-5% above normal. A dose of 0.45 U/kg would raise the level of factor XIII by about 1% compared to normal. One unit of factor XIII is about 10 μg of recombinant factor XIII, which contains only the dimerized A subunit. Thus, to raise the level of factor XIII by 1%, one would administer about 4.5 μg of the A2 subunit per kilogram weight of the individual. So to raise the level 30% of normal, one would administer 13.5 U/kg. For a 75 kg individual this would be about 1,012.5 U. Some patients may have consumptive coagulopathies that involve factor XIII losses. In such cases, a higher dosing (e.g., 1-2 U/kg-%) or multiple dosing of factor XIII (e.g., 1-2 U/kg-%-day) may be required. | Use of factor XIII for treating the symptoms of thrombocytopenia. A patient having thrombocytopenia, either chemically- or metabolically induced, is treated by administering factor XIII. | Platelet disorders can lead to bleeding due to decreased platelet numbers or function. This invention proposes administering factor XIII to patients with platelet dysfunction or thrombocytopenia caused by metabolic disease, chemical agents, or radiation. Factor XIII can provide symptomatic relief and can be administered prophylactically or during bleeding episodes. Intravenous administration of factor XIII is recommended, and the dosage should be sufficient to bring the individual's factor XIII levels to at least 100% of normal plasma. | {
"name": "Irftc",
"display_name": "Faithfulness",
"data": {
"query": "Summarize the context",
"context": "BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION \n [0001] Platelet disorders may cause defective formation of hemostatic plugs and bleeding because of decreased platelet numbers (thrombocytopenia) or because of decreased function despite adequate platelet numbers. Thrombocytopenia is a condition in which an individual has a platelet count below the normal range of 250,000-500,000/?L. Thrombocytopenia may stem from failed platelet production, splenic sequestration of platelets, increased platelet destruction, or use, or dilution. Regardless of cause, severe thrombocytopenia and platelet dysfunction results in a typical pattern of bleeding: multiple petechiae in the skin, often most evident on the lower legs, scattered small ecchymoses at sites of minor trauma, mucosal bleeding (epistaxis, bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract (GI) and genitalurinary tract (GU), vaginal bleeding). Heavy GI bleeding and bleeding into the central nervous system (CNS) may be life threatening. Thus, there is a need for a treatment to inhibit bleeding caused by failed platelet production, increased platelet destruction or use. \n \n \n \n DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION \n [0002] The present invention fills this need by administering factor XIII to patients afflicted with platelet dysfunction, or thrombocytopenia where the thrombocytopenia is caused by metabolic disease, chemical agent or radiation. \n [0003] Introduction \n [0004] Examples of conditions that can lead to failed platelet production are leukemia, aplastic anemia, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, alcohol induced thrombocytopenia, thrombocytopenia in megaloblastic anemias, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated thrombocytopenia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and myelodysplastic syndromes. Sequestration of platelets in enlarged spleens can also cause thrombocytopenia. This is can be caused by cirrhosis with congestive splenomegaly, myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia, and Gaucher's disease. Pathologic destruction of platelets may also result in thrombocytopenia. This is very often caused by platelets being coated by antibodies and then being removed by mononuclear phagocytes induced by idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, HIV-associated thrombocytopenia, drug induced thrombocytopenia and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. Platelet destruction can also be induced by thrombin-induced platelet damage as occurs in states with intravascular coagulation such as in complications of obstetrics, metastatic malignancy, septicemia and traumatic brain damage. Platelet destruction can also be caused by acute vascular abnormalities as is often found in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura-hemolytic-uremic syndrome, thrombocytopenia in adult respiratory distress syndrome and severe infections with septicemia. Thrombocytopenia can also be caused by such agents as quinidine, chemotherapy drugs, quinine, heparin, radiation, nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin, ibuprofen and naproxen. \n [0005] The method of the present invention provides symptomatic relief of the thrombocytopenia or platelet dysfunction by administering factor XIII. The administration of factor XIII can be applied prophylactically or at the time of a bleeding episode. \n [0006] Factor XIII, also known as fibrin-stabilizing factor, circulates in the plasma at a concentration of 20 ?g/ml. The protein exists in plasma as a tetramer comprised of two A subunits and two B subunits. Each subunit has a molecular weight of 83,000 Da, and the complete protein has a molecular weight of approximately 330,000 Da. Factor XIII catalyzes the cross-linkage between the γ-glutamyl and ε-lysyl groups of different fibrin strands. The catalytic activity of factor XIII resides in the A subunits. The B subunits act as carriers for the A subunits in plasma factor XIII. Recombinant factor XIII can be produced according to the process described in European Patent No. 0 268 772 B1. The level of factor XIII in the plasma can be increased by administering a factor XIII concentrate derived from human placenta called FIBROGAMMIN® (Aventis Corp.) or by administration of recombinant factor XIII. When recombinant factor XIII is used, only the ‘A 2 ’ homodimer is generally administered without the ‘B 2 ’ subunit. \n [0007] Administration of factor XIII to a subject is generally done intravenously. When administering therapeutic proteins by injection, the administration may be by continuous infusion or by single or multiple boluses. A pharmaceutical composition comprising factor XIII can be formulated according to known methods to prepare pharmaceutically useful compositions, whereby the therapeutic proteins are combined in a mixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. A composition is said to be a “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” if its administration can be tolerated by a recipient patient. A suitable pharmaceutical composition of factor XIII will contain 1 mM EDTA, 10 mM Glycine, 2% sucrose in water. An alternative formulation will be a factor XIII composition containing 20 mM histidine, 3% wt/volume sucrose, 2 mM glycine and 0.01% wt/vol. polysorbate, pH 8. The concentration of factor XIII should preferably be 1-10 mg/mL, more preferably about 5 mg/mL. \n [0008] Other suitable carriers are well known to those in the art. See, for example, Gennaro (ed.), Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences , 19th Edition (Mack Publishing Company 1995). \n [0009] Administration of Factor XIII \n [0010] Factor XIII can be administered intravenously, intramuscularly or subcutaneously to treat platelet dysfunction or thrombocytopenia caused by metabolic disease, chemical agents or radiation. The levels of factor XIII in an individual can be determined by assays well known in the art such as the BERICHROM® F XIII assay (Dade Behring Marburgh GmbH, Marburg, Germany). The normal adult has an average of about 45 ml of plasma per kg of body weight. Each liter of blood has 1000 units (U) of factor XIII. The amount of factor XIII administered should be enough to bring an individual's level of factor XIII in the plasma to at least 100% of normal plasma or preferably 1-5% above normal. A dose of 0.45 U/kg would raise the level of factor XIII by about 1% compared to normal. One unit of factor XIII is about 10 μg of recombinant factor XIII, which contains only the dimerized A subunit. Thus, to raise the level of factor XIII by 1%, one would administer about 4.5 μg of the A2 subunit per kilogram weight of the individual. So to raise the level 30% of normal, one would administer 13.5 U/kg. For a 75 kg individual this would be about 1,012.5 U. Some patients may have consumptive coagulopathies that involve factor XIII losses. In such cases, a higher dosing (e.g., 1-2 U/kg-%) or multiple dosing of factor XIII (e.g., 1-2 U/kg-%-day) may be required.",
"response": "Platelet disorders can lead to bleeding due to decreased platelet numbers or function. This invention proposes administering factor XIII to patients with platelet dysfunction or thrombocytopenia caused by metabolic disease, chemical agents, or radiation. Factor XIII can provide symptomatic relief and can be administered prophylactically or during bleeding episodes. Intravenous administration of factor XIII is recommended, and the dosage should be sufficient to bring the individual's factor XIII levels to at least 100% of normal plasma."
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"reason": "The response accurately summarizes the information provided in the context. It mentions that platelet disorders can lead to bleeding due to decreased platelet numbers or function, which is supported by the context in [0001]. The invention's proposal to administer factor XIII to patients with platelet dysfunction or thrombocytopenia caused by metabolic disease, chemical agents, or radiation is directly mentioned in [0002]. The response also correctly states that factor XIII can be administered prophylactically or during bleeding episodes, which is supported by [0005]. The recommendation for intravenous administration and the dosage information to bring factor XIII levels to at least 100% of normal plasma is found in [0007] and [0010]. Therefore, the response can be inferred using only the information provided in the context.",
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} | false | The response accurately summarizes the information provided in the context. It mentions that platelet disorders can lead to bleeding due to decreased platelet numbers or function, which is supported by the context in [0001]. The invention's proposal to administer factor XIII to patients with platelet dysfunction or thrombocytopenia caused by metabolic disease, chemical agents, or radiation is directly mentioned in [0002]. The response also correctly states that factor XIII can be administered prophylactically or during bleeding episodes, which is supported by [0005]. The recommendation for intravenous administration and the dosage information to bring factor XIII levels to at least 100% of normal plasma is found in [0007] and [0010]. Therefore, the response can be inferred using only the information provided in the context. | 0 | {
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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention herein disclosed relates to a planter for holding plants and soil and, more particularly, to a planter with a convertible base component having reservoirs and associated capillary wells which render the planter self-watering.
2. Description of the Related Art
Prior art inventions which provide, generally, planters having bases are known and are disclosed in the following U.S. patents: Rothe U.S. Pat. No. 2,550,602, issued; Hille U.S. Pat. No. 2,802,304, issued; Reynolds U.S. Pat. No. 3,058,263, issued; Green U.S. Pat. No. 3,220,144, issued; Delogne U.S. Pat. No. 3,676,953, issued; Daenen U.S. Pat. No. 3,906,666, issued; Kay U.S. Pat. No. 4,315,382, issued; Holtkamp U.S. Pat. No. 4,434,577, issued; and Tardif U.S. Pat. No. 4,912,875, issued.
These prior art inventions, however, relate to planters having bases which are either non-detachable or, if detachable, are not convertible. Further, none of the prior art planters provide for a convertible base in combination with associated capillary wells and reservoirs.
For example, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,315,382 to Kay, there is shown and described only a planter consisting of a pot and a tray which snap lock by way of a plurality of protuberances disposed in the tray and corresponding apertures in the pot. Nowhere therein, however, is it shown or described that the tray is convertible or that associated capillary wells and reservoirs comprise the invention.
The Kay disclosure is representative of the prior art inventions and it illustrates that the art has lacked a planter apparatus having a base which is versatile, conveniently nestable, relatively inexpensive to manufacture and which provides a means for supplying water to plant life contained therein continuously, following conventional watering, and for an extended period of time.
The invention disclosed herein provides a planter apparatus which achieves these advantages in a manner not revealed by the prior art.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Various planter configurations are conventionally known. For example, planters constructed of wood, clay, plaster and metal have been in existence for many years. Quite often, planters such as these have been configured such that a tray is provided below the planter to collect surplus water not absorbed by the soil or the plants therein contained following watering. Where a tray is not so provided, planters such as these are often configured simply with drainage holes at the bottom of the planter to allow water to pass directly out of the planter and onto whatever surface is below the planter.
In either case, despite whether a tray is provided, the operation of plant watering has been an inefficient process. This is because, where a tray has not been provided, no measure is provided for utilizing or recycling water that passes through the planter without being absorbed by either the plant life or soil contained therein. Where a tray is provided, it is commonly used only to collect surplus water so as to protect the surface below the planter. Thus, conventionally, planters have not included structure which efficiently recycles surplus water following watering.
More recently, planters made of plastic have become known. Plastic planters often include detachable trays. Like earlier planters, however, many of the plastic planters having trays make no provision for recycling surplus water collected in the tray following watering.
Certain devices, however, are known which provide for the watering of plants as by capillary action. For example, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,220,144 to Green, a system which includes a feed tube, a reservoir and a water tower is disclosed. As explained in Green, water travels from the tower through a port to the reservoir. The water is then absorbed through the feed tube, which is packed with sand and disposed within a planter, by capillary action.
In U.S. Pat. No. 3,676,953 to Delogne wicks, which extend from a plant container into a water-filled reservoir, supply plant life therein contained with water by capillary action.
Also, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,434,577 to Holtkamp there is disclosed a similar invention which provides for the capillary transmission of water from a water containing tray to a pot by way of a water pervious pad having one or more hinged, movable tabs which can be bent downwardly through an opening for submergence in the water in the tray.
Despite that they relate to the watering of contained plants by capillary action, however, none of the above-described inventions, disclose or teach the capillary watering of contained plants by associated wells and reservoirs as in the present invention.
Further, despite that consumers have grown increasingly particular and, now more than ever before, demand that consumer products including planters adapt for variable use, planters are not known which have convertible base components and which provide structure for effectively recycling surplus water collected in the base in either of its upright or inverted configurations.
The present invention provides such a planter having a convertible base in combination with associated capillary wells and reservoirs. Thus, the planter of the present invention generally comprises a container component and a base component wherein the container has disposed at its bottom a plurality of capillary wells and wherein the base component, in either of its upright or inverted positions, has disposed thereon associated reservoir means.
When the base component is in its upright configuration, it functions as a tray. Because the planter thus configured is readily adaptable for use either by direct placement upon a supporting surface or, as by hanging, connecting means are provided in the present invention to assure that the tray remains secured to the container component when the base is secured thereto in either of its upright or inverted configurations.
When the present invention is disposed upon a supporting surface, a user has the option of inverting the base component in which case the base functions as a pedestal thereby giving the planter a wholly distinct appearance. When so configured, a downwardly depending annular ring in the bottom of the container fits into a corresponding annular channel disposed on the inverted surface of the base.
In both its upright and inverted configurations, the base provides reservoir means for the collection of water and for communication with the capillary wells which depend downwardly from the outside surface of the container bottom.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Further objects and features of the present invention are revealed in the following Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment of the invention and in the drawing figures wherein:
FIG. 1 is a top, plan view of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side, elevational view of the apparatus of the present invention showing the container and base components, the base being shown in both its inverted position and upright position as depicted in phantom;
FIG. 3 is a partial cross-section of the apparatus of the invention taken in the plane of line 3--3 of FIG. 1 and showing the base component in its attached, inverted configuration;
FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of the invention, similar to FIG. 3, showing the base component in its attached, upright configuration;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged partial cross-section detailing the connection between the container and base components of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a partial bottom plan view of the base component in its inverted configuration; and
FIG. 7 is an enlarged fragmentary view of the press-fit means by which the base component connects to the container when the base is in its upright configuration.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring now by reference numerals to the drawings which depict the invention in its preferred embodiment, attention is initially directed to FIGS. 1 and 2. It will be understood that shown therein is a planter 10 generally comprising a container 12 and a convertible base 14. The base 14 is depicted in FIG. 2 in both its upright 16 (phantom lines) and inverted 18 configurations.
In FIG. 1, it can be seen that the container 12 generally comprises an upper lip 20, an inner wall 22 and a bottom 24. Disposed between the inner wall 22 and the bottom 24 is an annular ring 26 which is stepped-down from both inner wall 22 and bottom 24.
Upper lip 20, inner wall 22, annular ring 26 and bottom 24 are all integrally formed as by injection molding. Thus, while any suitable materials can be employed for manufacturing the components of the present invention, it is preferred that moldable thermosetting and thermoplastic synthetic resinous materials such as olefin polymer and copolymeric materials like polypropylene and polyethylene be used. Desirably, these materials provide a sufficient degree of rigidity while retaining a degree of resiliency.
As can be seen in FIGS. 1, 3 and 4, there are disposed radially about inner wall 22 a plurality of stanchions 28 which support base lip 30 when one planter 10 is placed within another.
While planter 10 can be stacked or nested with base 14 in either of its upright 16 or inverted 18 configurations, it is preferred that nesting be performed with base 14 in its upright 16 configuration in order to achieve optimum compactness.
Disposed within bottom 24 are a plurality of capillary wells 32. As clearly shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4, capillary wells 32 are molded to bottom 24 such that they depend downwardly therefrom. The capillary wells 32 each include a plurality of cut-outs 34, as best shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, which facilitate the passage of water into and out of the container 12.
Positioned below both inner wall 22 and bottom 24 of the container 12 is molded and stepped-down annular ring 26. Radially disposed therein are a plurality of star-shaped connectors 36 and slots 38. Like cut-outs 34 in capillary wells 32, both connectors 36 and slots 38 also facilitate the passage of water into and out of the container 12.
When it is desired to attach container 12 to base 14 in its upright 16 configuration, such as is shown in phantom in FIG. 2 and in FIG. 4, capillary wells 32 are aligned with corresponding well reservoirs 40 which depend downwardly from the bottom 42 of base 14 when in its upright 16 configuration.
Preferably both capillary wells 32 and well reservoirs 40 are circular, the diameter of each capillary well being slightly smaller than that of each corresponding well reservoir 40.
Once the corresponding structures are aligned, the capillary wells 32 are lowered into the corresponding well reservoirs 40. Because the capillary wells 32 depend downward from the bottom 24 of container 12 to a distance slightly less than the distance the corresponding well reservoirs 40 depend downward of the bottom 42 of the base 14 in its upright 16 configuration, a suitable clearance is established within each well reservoir 40 to permit the unrestricted flow of water therein and into each capillary well 32. This relationship is shown particularly in FIG. 4.
With the capillary wells 32 and well reservoirs 40 in registry, star-shaped connectors 36 align with tray nipples 44 which are stepped-up from and circumferentially disposed thereabout the bottom 42 of the base 14 in its upright 16 configuration.
As shown particularly in FIGS. 1, and 4 and more particularly in FIGS. 5 and 7, star-shaped connectors 36 include individual tabs 46 which yield to graspingly engage tray nipples 44 when sufficient downward pressure is applied to container 12 when it is aligned with base 14 in its upright 16 configuration.
It should be noted that, because tray nipples 44 are molded in such a way as to project upwardly from spacers 48, sufficient clearance is provided between the underside 50 of annular ring 26 and the tray 52 region of base 14 in its upright 16 configuration so as to permit the unrestricted passage of water through slots 38 and connectors 36 disposed within the annular ring 26.
As can be appreciated, the passage of water through these structures and either into or out of the container 12 occurs in both directions depending upon how full the tray 50 is with water.
In operation, the planter 10 of the present invention (when configured with its base 14 in its upright 16 position) is readily adaptable to be placed upon a supporting surface or, following the attachment of appropriate suspension means (not shown) for use as a hanging planter. Once the base 14 is secured to the container 12, as described, it is only detachable when sufficient prying force is applied.
As configured, when plants contained within the planter are watered, water migrates through the soil toward the bottom 24 of the container 12. Once the water reaches the bottom 24, it flows both into the individual capillary well 32/well reservoir 40 structures and also into the stepped-down annular ring 26 where it disperses onto tray 52 after having passed through slots 38 and star-shaped connectors 36.
Provided that sufficient watering occurs to fill the well reservoir 40 structures and the tray 52, water will then be absorbed by the plant life until such time as the water is either totally absorbed or evaporated.
As indicated at the outset, and as depicted generally in FIG. 2, the base 14 is convertible such that, in addition to being adapted for connection to the container 12 in its upright 16 configuration, it is also adapted for use in its inverted 18 configuration whereupon it functions as a pedestal.
FIG. 3 provides, perhaps, the best depiction of the planter 10 of the present invention when adapted for use with base 14 in its inverted 18 configuration. In FIG. 3 it can be seen that the underside 50 of annular ring 26 fits between concentric inner 54 and outer 56 annular ribs which extend upwardly and away from the bottom exterior surface 58 of the base 14.
Basically, the distance between the inner and outer ribs 54 and 56 forms a channel 60 the width of which corresponds with the width of the underside 50 of the annular ring 26. Thus, when so configured, the container 12 rests securely within the channel 60 as shown in FIGS. 3 and 6.
Pedestal nipples 61, shown in FIGS. 3 and 6 and particularly in FIG. 4, are also provided and are disposed circumferentially within and upwardly from channel 60. When base 14 is attached to container 12 in its inverted 18 configuration, these structures function in conjunction with star-shaped connectors 36 in the same manner as do tray nipples 44 when base 14 is in its upright 16 configuration. This structure is shown in FIGS. 3 and 6. Thus, base 14 securely attches to container 12 in both its upright 16 and inverted 18 configurations thereby facilitating ease of handling and movement of planter 10 both when empty and when filled with soil and plant life.
Also shown in FIG. 3 is the cavity reservoir 62 which is formed when container 12 is mated with base 14 in its inverted 18 configuration. While not shown in FIG. 3 (rather See FIG. 4), well reservoirs 40 which depend downwardly from the bottom 24 of base 14 in its upright 16 configuration project upwardly into cavity reservoir 62 when the base 14 is in its inverted 18 configuration. Thus, to properly position the container 12 with the base in this configuration, the container need only be rotated slightly until the capillary wells 32 are out of alignment with well reservoirs 40.
When water is added to plants contained within the planter 10 in its pedestal configuration, the water migrates to the bottom 24 of the container whereupon it is dispersed into cavity reservoir 62 through capillary wells 32. Also, as can be seen in FIG. 6, gaps 64 in the annular inner 54 rib allow any water that migrates through slots 38 and/or star-shaped connectors 36 to flow into cavity reservoir 62.
As is true when base 14 is assembled with container 12 in the upright 16 configuration, when sufficient water is added to fill cavity reservoir 62 of planter 10 with base 14 inverted, water can then be absorbed by the contained plant life until such time as as the water is either totally absorbed or evaporated.
As can readily be appreciated, base 14 easily and conveniently separates from container 12 for cleaning or removal of any debris impeding water flow in either of its upright 16 or inverted 18 configurations.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not, however, intended to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed because, obviously, modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The described embodiments were chosen in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention and various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
Thus, while the present invention has been described by reference to specific embodiments, it should be understood that modifications and variations of the invention may be constructed without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. | An improved planter apparatus for holding soil and plants and the like comprising a container and a base releasably securable to the bottom of the container. The container and base are provided with press-fit locking means for connecting the base to the container. The base is convertible such that it functions as a tray in an upright configuration and as a pedestal when inverted. Downwardly depending capillary wells project from the bottom of the container into association with reservoirs disposed within the base in both of its convertible configurations. The dimension of the base is such that, when the base is attached to the container in its upright configuration, multiple planters can be nested. The nestability of the apparatus provides for convenient handling of multiple planters as well as commercial packaging and transportation cost benefits. | The present invention relates to a planter with a convertible base component that includes reservoirs and capillary wells, allowing the planter to be self-watering. Previous planters with bases either lacked detachable or convertible bases and did not include associated capillary wells and reservoirs. The invention provides a planter apparatus with a container component and a base component. The container has capillary wells at its bottom, and the base component, in either an upright or inverted position, has associated reservoir means. The base component can function as a tray when upright and as a pedestal when inverted. The base securely attaches to the container in both configurations and facilitates the movement of the planter. The planter allows for efficient recycling of surplus water and provides continuous watering for an extended period of time. | {
"name": "Irftc",
"display_name": "Faithfulness",
"data": {
"query": "Summarize the context",
"context": "BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION \n 1. Field of the Invention \n The invention herein disclosed relates to a planter for holding plants and soil and, more particularly, to a planter with a convertible base component having reservoirs and associated capillary wells which render the planter self-watering. \n 2. Description of the Related Art \n Prior art inventions which provide, generally, planters having bases are known and are disclosed in the following U.S. patents: Rothe U.S. Pat. No. 2,550,602, issued; Hille U.S. Pat. No. 2,802,304, issued; Reynolds U.S. Pat. No. 3,058,263, issued; Green U.S. Pat. No. 3,220,144, issued; Delogne U.S. Pat. No. 3,676,953, issued; Daenen U.S. Pat. No. 3,906,666, issued; Kay U.S. Pat. No. 4,315,382, issued; Holtkamp U.S. Pat. No. 4,434,577, issued; and Tardif U.S. Pat. No. 4,912,875, issued. \n These prior art inventions, however, relate to planters having bases which are either non-detachable or, if detachable, are not convertible. Further, none of the prior art planters provide for a convertible base in combination with associated capillary wells and reservoirs. \n For example, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,315,382 to Kay, there is shown and described only a planter consisting of a pot and a tray which snap lock by way of a plurality of protuberances disposed in the tray and corresponding apertures in the pot. Nowhere therein, however, is it shown or described that the tray is convertible or that associated capillary wells and reservoirs comprise the invention. \n The Kay disclosure is representative of the prior art inventions and it illustrates that the art has lacked a planter apparatus having a base which is versatile, conveniently nestable, relatively inexpensive to manufacture and which provides a means for supplying water to plant life contained therein continuously, following conventional watering, and for an extended period of time. \n The invention disclosed herein provides a planter apparatus which achieves these advantages in a manner not revealed by the prior art. \n SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION \n Various planter configurations are conventionally known. For example, planters constructed of wood, clay, plaster and metal have been in existence for many years. Quite often, planters such as these have been configured such that a tray is provided below the planter to collect surplus water not absorbed by the soil or the plants therein contained following watering. Where a tray is not so provided, planters such as these are often configured simply with drainage holes at the bottom of the planter to allow water to pass directly out of the planter and onto whatever surface is below the planter. \n In either case, despite whether a tray is provided, the operation of plant watering has been an inefficient process. This is because, where a tray has not been provided, no measure is provided for utilizing or recycling water that passes through the planter without being absorbed by either the plant life or soil contained therein. Where a tray is provided, it is commonly used only to collect surplus water so as to protect the surface below the planter. Thus, conventionally, planters have not included structure which efficiently recycles surplus water following watering. \n More recently, planters made of plastic have become known. Plastic planters often include detachable trays. Like earlier planters, however, many of the plastic planters having trays make no provision for recycling surplus water collected in the tray following watering. \n Certain devices, however, are known which provide for the watering of plants as by capillary action. For example, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,220,144 to Green, a system which includes a feed tube, a reservoir and a water tower is disclosed. As explained in Green, water travels from the tower through a port to the reservoir. The water is then absorbed through the feed tube, which is packed with sand and disposed within a planter, by capillary action. \n In U.S. Pat. No. 3,676,953 to Delogne wicks, which extend from a plant container into a water-filled reservoir, supply plant life therein contained with water by capillary action. \n Also, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,434,577 to Holtkamp there is disclosed a similar invention which provides for the capillary transmission of water from a water containing tray to a pot by way of a water pervious pad having one or more hinged, movable tabs which can be bent downwardly through an opening for submergence in the water in the tray. \n Despite that they relate to the watering of contained plants by capillary action, however, none of the above-described inventions, disclose or teach the capillary watering of contained plants by associated wells and reservoirs as in the present invention. \n Further, despite that consumers have grown increasingly particular and, now more than ever before, demand that consumer products including planters adapt for variable use, planters are not known which have convertible base components and which provide structure for effectively recycling surplus water collected in the base in either of its upright or inverted configurations. \n The present invention provides such a planter having a convertible base in combination with associated capillary wells and reservoirs. Thus, the planter of the present invention generally comprises a container component and a base component wherein the container has disposed at its bottom a plurality of capillary wells and wherein the base component, in either of its upright or inverted positions, has disposed thereon associated reservoir means. \n When the base component is in its upright configuration, it functions as a tray. Because the planter thus configured is readily adaptable for use either by direct placement upon a supporting surface or, as by hanging, connecting means are provided in the present invention to assure that the tray remains secured to the container component when the base is secured thereto in either of its upright or inverted configurations. \n When the present invention is disposed upon a supporting surface, a user has the option of inverting the base component in which case the base functions as a pedestal thereby giving the planter a wholly distinct appearance. When so configured, a downwardly depending annular ring in the bottom of the container fits into a corresponding annular channel disposed on the inverted surface of the base. \n In both its upright and inverted configurations, the base provides reservoir means for the collection of water and for communication with the capillary wells which depend downwardly from the outside surface of the container bottom. \n \n \n BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS \n Further objects and features of the present invention are revealed in the following Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment of the invention and in the drawing figures wherein: \n FIG. 1 is a top, plan view of the apparatus of the present invention; \n FIG. 2 is a side, elevational view of the apparatus of the present invention showing the container and base components, the base being shown in both its inverted position and upright position as depicted in phantom; \n FIG. 3 is a partial cross-section of the apparatus of the invention taken in the plane of line 3--3 of FIG. 1 and showing the base component in its attached, inverted configuration; \n FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of the invention, similar to FIG. 3, showing the base component in its attached, upright configuration; \n FIG. 5 is an enlarged partial cross-section detailing the connection between the container and base components of the apparatus of the present invention; \n FIG. 6 is a partial bottom plan view of the base component in its inverted configuration; and \n FIG. 7 is an enlarged fragmentary view of the press-fit means by which the base component connects to the container when the base is in its upright configuration. \n \n \n DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT \n Referring now by reference numerals to the drawings which depict the invention in its preferred embodiment, attention is initially directed to FIGS. 1 and 2. It will be understood that shown therein is a planter 10 generally comprising a container 12 and a convertible base 14. The base 14 is depicted in FIG. 2 in both its upright 16 (phantom lines) and inverted 18 configurations. \n In FIG. 1, it can be seen that the container 12 generally comprises an upper lip 20, an inner wall 22 and a bottom 24. Disposed between the inner wall 22 and the bottom 24 is an annular ring 26 which is stepped-down from both inner wall 22 and bottom 24. \n Upper lip 20, inner wall 22, annular ring 26 and bottom 24 are all integrally formed as by injection molding. Thus, while any suitable materials can be employed for manufacturing the components of the present invention, it is preferred that moldable thermosetting and thermoplastic synthetic resinous materials such as olefin polymer and copolymeric materials like polypropylene and polyethylene be used. Desirably, these materials provide a sufficient degree of rigidity while retaining a degree of resiliency. \n As can be seen in FIGS. 1, 3 and 4, there are disposed radially about inner wall 22 a plurality of stanchions 28 which support base lip 30 when one planter 10 is placed within another. \n While planter 10 can be stacked or nested with base 14 in either of its upright 16 or inverted 18 configurations, it is preferred that nesting be performed with base 14 in its upright 16 configuration in order to achieve optimum compactness. \n Disposed within bottom 24 are a plurality of capillary wells 32. As clearly shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4, capillary wells 32 are molded to bottom 24 such that they depend downwardly therefrom. The capillary wells 32 each include a plurality of cut-outs 34, as best shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, which facilitate the passage of water into and out of the container 12. \n Positioned below both inner wall 22 and bottom 24 of the container 12 is molded and stepped-down annular ring 26. Radially disposed therein are a plurality of star-shaped connectors 36 and slots 38. Like cut-outs 34 in capillary wells 32, both connectors 36 and slots 38 also facilitate the passage of water into and out of the container 12. \n When it is desired to attach container 12 to base 14 in its upright 16 configuration, such as is shown in phantom in FIG. 2 and in FIG. 4, capillary wells 32 are aligned with corresponding well reservoirs 40 which depend downwardly from the bottom 42 of base 14 when in its upright 16 configuration. \n Preferably both capillary wells 32 and well reservoirs 40 are circular, the diameter of each capillary well being slightly smaller than that of each corresponding well reservoir 40. \n Once the corresponding structures are aligned, the capillary wells 32 are lowered into the corresponding well reservoirs 40. Because the capillary wells 32 depend downward from the bottom 24 of container 12 to a distance slightly less than the distance the corresponding well reservoirs 40 depend downward of the bottom 42 of the base 14 in its upright 16 configuration, a suitable clearance is established within each well reservoir 40 to permit the unrestricted flow of water therein and into each capillary well 32. This relationship is shown particularly in FIG. 4. \n With the capillary wells 32 and well reservoirs 40 in registry, star-shaped connectors 36 align with tray nipples 44 which are stepped-up from and circumferentially disposed thereabout the bottom 42 of the base 14 in its upright 16 configuration. \n As shown particularly in FIGS. 1, and 4 and more particularly in FIGS. 5 and 7, star-shaped connectors 36 include individual tabs 46 which yield to graspingly engage tray nipples 44 when sufficient downward pressure is applied to container 12 when it is aligned with base 14 in its upright 16 configuration. \n It should be noted that, because tray nipples 44 are molded in such a way as to project upwardly from spacers 48, sufficient clearance is provided between the underside 50 of annular ring 26 and the tray 52 region of base 14 in its upright 16 configuration so as to permit the unrestricted passage of water through slots 38 and connectors 36 disposed within the annular ring 26. \n As can be appreciated, the passage of water through these structures and either into or out of the container 12 occurs in both directions depending upon how full the tray 50 is with water. \n In operation, the planter 10 of the present invention (when configured with its base 14 in its upright 16 position) is readily adaptable to be placed upon a supporting surface or, following the attachment of appropriate suspension means (not shown) for use as a hanging planter. Once the base 14 is secured to the container 12, as described, it is only detachable when sufficient prying force is applied. \n As configured, when plants contained within the planter are watered, water migrates through the soil toward the bottom 24 of the container 12. Once the water reaches the bottom 24, it flows both into the individual capillary well 32/well reservoir 40 structures and also into the stepped-down annular ring 26 where it disperses onto tray 52 after having passed through slots 38 and star-shaped connectors 36. \n Provided that sufficient watering occurs to fill the well reservoir 40 structures and the tray 52, water will then be absorbed by the plant life until such time as the water is either totally absorbed or evaporated. \n As indicated at the outset, and as depicted generally in FIG. 2, the base 14 is convertible such that, in addition to being adapted for connection to the container 12 in its upright 16 configuration, it is also adapted for use in its inverted 18 configuration whereupon it functions as a pedestal. \n FIG. 3 provides, perhaps, the best depiction of the planter 10 of the present invention when adapted for use with base 14 in its inverted 18 configuration. In FIG. 3 it can be seen that the underside 50 of annular ring 26 fits between concentric inner 54 and outer 56 annular ribs which extend upwardly and away from the bottom exterior surface 58 of the base 14. \n Basically, the distance between the inner and outer ribs 54 and 56 forms a channel 60 the width of which corresponds with the width of the underside 50 of the annular ring 26. Thus, when so configured, the container 12 rests securely within the channel 60 as shown in FIGS. 3 and 6. \n Pedestal nipples 61, shown in FIGS. 3 and 6 and particularly in FIG. 4, are also provided and are disposed circumferentially within and upwardly from channel 60. When base 14 is attached to container 12 in its inverted 18 configuration, these structures function in conjunction with star-shaped connectors 36 in the same manner as do tray nipples 44 when base 14 is in its upright 16 configuration. This structure is shown in FIGS. 3 and 6. Thus, base 14 securely attches to container 12 in both its upright 16 and inverted 18 configurations thereby facilitating ease of handling and movement of planter 10 both when empty and when filled with soil and plant life. \n Also shown in FIG. 3 is the cavity reservoir 62 which is formed when container 12 is mated with base 14 in its inverted 18 configuration. While not shown in FIG. 3 (rather See FIG. 4), well reservoirs 40 which depend downwardly from the bottom 24 of base 14 in its upright 16 configuration project upwardly into cavity reservoir 62 when the base 14 is in its inverted 18 configuration. Thus, to properly position the container 12 with the base in this configuration, the container need only be rotated slightly until the capillary wells 32 are out of alignment with well reservoirs 40. \n When water is added to plants contained within the planter 10 in its pedestal configuration, the water migrates to the bottom 24 of the container whereupon it is dispersed into cavity reservoir 62 through capillary wells 32. Also, as can be seen in FIG. 6, gaps 64 in the annular inner 54 rib allow any water that migrates through slots 38 and/or star-shaped connectors 36 to flow into cavity reservoir 62. \n As is true when base 14 is assembled with container 12 in the upright 16 configuration, when sufficient water is added to fill cavity reservoir 62 of planter 10 with base 14 inverted, water can then be absorbed by the contained plant life until such time as as the water is either totally absorbed or evaporated. \n As can readily be appreciated, base 14 easily and conveniently separates from container 12 for cleaning or removal of any debris impeding water flow in either of its upright 16 or inverted 18 configurations. \n The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not, however, intended to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed because, obviously, modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The described embodiments were chosen in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention and various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. \n Thus, while the present invention has been described by reference to specific embodiments, it should be understood that modifications and variations of the invention may be constructed without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.",
"response": "The present invention relates to a planter with a convertible base component that includes reservoirs and capillary wells, allowing the planter to be self-watering. Previous planters with bases either lacked detachable or convertible bases and did not include associated capillary wells and reservoirs. The invention provides a planter apparatus with a container component and a base component. The container has capillary wells at its bottom, and the base component, in either an upright or inverted position, has associated reservoir means. The base component can function as a tray when upright and as a pedestal when inverted. The base securely attaches to the container in both configurations and facilitates the movement of the planter. The planter allows for efficient recycling of surplus water and provides continuous watering for an extended period of time."
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} | false | The response accurately summarizes the context provided, capturing the essence of the invention's description, its novelty compared to prior art, and the functionality of the convertible base component with its associated capillary wells and reservoirs. The response also correctly identifies the dual functionality of the base component as both a tray and a pedestal, depending on its configuration, and the benefits of the invention in terms of water recycling and extended watering. All the information presented in the response is directly inferred from the detailed context given, without adding extraneous details or omitting critical information. | 0 | {
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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a wireless monitoring system and more particularly to a suffocation prevention system, temperature monitor system and indoor communication systems.
2. Description of the Related Art
Every year thousands of babies die of premature crib death, also known as Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. While some of them inherited some problems such as heart irregularities or respiratory distress, other deaths are caused by accidents such as suffocation from blankets or pillows and lack of attention to certain readily observable conditions such as body temperature due to illness. In almost all cases, early detection can save the infants from death. Even though the probability of such tragedies happening is relatively small, most parents and caretakers are eager to acquire a device that will help them to further minimize the chance of suffocation if the device is inexpensive and easy to use. For example, the sales of carbon monoxide detectors can best illustrate the motive.
Therefore, a need exists for providing a system for early warning to allow quick response to signs of suffocation in infants or other people who are unable to help themselves. Such a system could save thousands of lives every year. A further need exists for early detection of progressing illness which may relieve parents or caretakers some of the stress and effort in monitoring people under their care.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the present invention, a detection device capable of being coupled to a person for remotely monitoring heart and respiratory functions includes a processor, a photo cell coupled to the processor for determining blood oxygen content of the person and a temperature sensor coupled to the processor for determining a temperature of the person. The processor compares the determined blood oxygen content and the temperature to desired values. A transmitter is included for transmitting a warning signal if one of the determined blood oxygen content and the temperature are other than the desired values.
A system for remotely monitoring heart and respiratory functions includes a detection device capable of being coupled to a person including a processor, a photo cell coupled to the processor for determining blood oxygen content of the person, a temperature sensor coupled to the processor for determining a temperature of the person. The processor compares the determined blood oxygen content and the temperature to desired values. A transmitter is included for transmitting a warning signal if one of the determined blood oxygen content and the temperature are other than the desired values. A receiver capable of being remotely coupled to the transmitter to receive the warning signal is also included.
Another system for remotely monitoring heart and respiratory functions includes a plurality of detection devices each capable of being coupled to a different person, the detection devices including, a processor, a photo cell coupled to the processor for determining blood oxygen content of the person and a temperature sensor coupled to the processor for determining a temperature of the person. The processor compares the determined blood oxygen content and the temperature to desired values. A transmitter is included for transmitting a warning signal if one of the determined blood oxygen content and the temperature are other than the desired values, the warning signal having uniquely identifying characteristics to identify each different person being monitored. A receiver is also included capable of being remotely coupled to the transmitters to receive the warning signals with uniquely identifying characteristics, the receiver capable of taking appropriate actions based on each person identified by the warning signals.
In alternate embodiments, the detection device preferably includes a power source for powering the detection device. The power source preferably includes a battery. The transmitter(s) may transmit radio frequency signals. The desired levels may include a predetermined blood oxygen content level and a predetermined temperature range. The desired levels may also include previous blood oxygen content readings and previous temperature readings. The receiver may include a warning system for alerting users of the warning signal. The warning system may include one of a flashing light, a speaker, a beeper and a telephone. The warning signals may include RFID signals. The receiver may include a server having a database for storing information about people wearing the detection devices. The information about people wearing the detection devices includes appropriate actions to be taken upon receiving the warning signals.
These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments thereof, which is to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
The invention will be described in detail in the following description of preferred embodiments with reference to the following figures wherein:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a wireless monitoring system in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention showing a sensor/transmitter and a warning system receiver in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a wireless monitoring system for a plurality of sensor/transmitters in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow diagram for a method of monitoring blood oxygen content and temperature in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow diagram for a method for monitoring identifying signals and taking appropriate actions in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a person wearing detection devices in accordance with the present invention; and
FIG. 6 is a side view of a detection device with an adjustable strap in accordance with the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The present invention relates to a wireless monitoring system and more particularly to a suffocation prevention system, temperature monitor system and indoor communication system. The present invention provides a remote monitoring system which provides reliable monitoring of blood oxygen levels and temperature to ensure proper breathing to infants and bed-ridden individuals who need monitoring. If oxygen levels or temperature in the individual drop below a predetermined level, an alarm or other warning signal is activated to provide an early response to the situation.
Referring now to the drawings in which like numerals represent the same or similar elements and initially to FIG. 1, a schematic diagram showing a wireless system 10 in accordance with the present invention. System 10 includes a sensor/transmitter 12 and a warning system/receiver 14 . Sensor/transmitter 12 includes a temperature sensor 16 which may include a detector for measuring emitted radiation, such as infrared radiation from a body of a user, or a thermocouple to continuously measure the body temperature. A photocell 18 detects the oxygen level of the user. This is preferably performed by measuring the difference between oxi-hemoglobin and dioxide hemoglobin. Normally, the level of oxygen in the blood is 100%, but if it falls below 100%, a signal output by photocell 18 will change according to the difference. The oxi-hemoglobin and dioxide hemoglobin levels are measured according to the wavelength of light emitted from the body of the user. Red wavelengths indicate blood is well oxygenated while bluer wavelengths indicate an oxygen deficiency. Photocell 18 receives the radiation from the body and preferably utilizes the photo-electric or equivalent effects to generate an electrical output signal.
The output signals from temperature sensor 16 and photocell 18 are sent to an embedded processor 20 for processing. Processor 20 may include a microprocessor having one or more semiconductor chips or may include hard wired circuits with the capabilities described below. Processor 20 processes the signals from the photocell 18 and temperature sensor 16 . These signals may be filtered and compared to a previous oxygen level and temperature or compared to predetermined oxygen levels and temperature ranges. If the oxygen level is lower than the predetermined value or the temperature measured is out of range then processor 20 sends a signal 22 , preferably, a Radio Frequency (RF) signal through a transmitter 32 , preferably an RF transmitter, to warning system/receiver 14 . A receiver 30 receives RF signal 22 and activates an alarm or warning device 24 . Warning device 24 may include a beeper, a telephone system, a walkie talkie, or similar device. Warning device 24 may include a flashing light, a warning buzzer from a speaker or other devices. In a preferred embodiment, alarm device includes the capability to make an emergency call to an external source 26 such as an ambulance, doctor, or other emergency service.
Sensor/transmitter 12 and warning system/receiver 14 may be located in close proximity or far apart depending on the signals used to implement the devices. Further, although described in terms of RF other signals may be employed such as infrared, etc. Sensor/transmitter 12 includes a power source 28 preferably a portable power source such as a battery, a solar cell or equivalents. Power source 28 may include non-portable sources as well, such as electrical power from an outlet. Sensor/transmitter 12 may include an additional warning feature to indicate a low battery, for example.
Referring to FIG. 2, in one embodiment, a system 100 is provided for use in an environment such as a hospital or ward. System 100 is employed to handle a plurality of sensor/transmitters 12 . A centralized server 102 is included to serve many clients simultaneously. Centralized server 102 functions similarly as warning system/receiver 14 . However, centralized server 102 receives an identifying signal 104 from each of sensor/transmitters 12 . Identifying signals 104 are preferably RF signals, which may be modulated to uniquely identify each identifying signal. Each signal may be made unique by employing a different frequency, employing a different wavelength, employing a different synchronization, etc. for the signal. If identifying signals 104 are digital, identifying signals 104 may be encoded and decoded differently or include an encryption code or a digital key to differentiate between the signals to identify different patients.
In a preferred embodiment, identifying signals 104 are transmitted from sensor/transmitters 12 when the monitored conditions fall below a threshold value or are out of range. Identifying signals 104 may further provide specific information about the patient and the conditions being monitored such as temperature and blood oxygen content. Centralized server 102 includes a receiver 110 for receiving the identifying signals. Centralized server 102 may include a processor and a database 116 for formatting and outputting data received for sensor/transmitters 12 and to maintain a log of the conditions being monitored along with time information, such as when an alarm was activated. A display 106 may be included for displaying the data received according to each patient.
Centralized server 102 receives an identifying signal and takes appropriate actions. This may include activation of an alarm 112 , warning device (beeper, etc.) or dialing a phone 114 to call for help from an external source, as described above.
Referring now to FIG. 3, a method for monitoring a patient or infant is shown. Processor 20 is used to monitor the patient or infant and performs the method shown in FIG. 3 . In step 202 , oxygen levels are read from photo sensor 18 , and temperature levels are read from temperature sensor 16 (FIG. 1 ). In step 204 , the oxygen levels and the temperature reading are compared to preset levels. This may be performed using Boolean logic, an adder circuit or other devices known in the art. In an alternative embodiment, current levels of oxygen and/or temperature are compared to a previous set of readings to determine changes between the readings. If the temperature readings are out of range or the oxygen levels are below the preset levels, a signal is sent to a warning device by employing a transmitter in step 206 . Otherwise, the oxygen level and the temperature of the patient will be monitored by returning to step 202 . This method continues until a warning is activated or the system is turned off.
Referring to FIG. 4, a method for employing centralized server 102 used when detecting identifying signals is shown. Centralized server 102 detects signals from sensor/transmitters 12 in step 302 . In step 304 , the identifying signals from sensor/transmitters 12 are read or processed. In step 306 , a data base search may be performed to correlate the identifying signal, for example, an RFID signal to a patient and/or a patients information such as room number, name, etc. The data base may be included in the centralized server 102 . The data base may also include appropriate action messages which the person monitoring the system may take, for example, “call doctor” or more specifically “call Doctor Smith at 555-5555”. Other messages are also contemplated. In step 308 , appropriate actions are taken, such as setting alarms, displaying alert messages in a display, calling via phone an emergency number, etc. Each action taken is preferably responsive to the particular individual uniquely identified by the identifying signal.
Referring to FIGS. 5 and 6, the present invention includes a detection device 400 including sensor/transmitter 12 that detects heart or respiratory problems by examining the oxygen level in the blood of a person 402 such as an infant and/or a temperature sensor that measures the temperature of the person continuously. This device 400 may be attached to a person's wrist (in the form of a bracelet 404 ) or attached to a toe or leg with an adjustable strap 406 or the like. A signal will be sent from device 400 to an embedded processor 20 which is integrated in device 400 . When processor 20 detects an abnormal condition, processor 20 will activate transmitter 32 to send an RF wireless signal to a warning system/receiver 14 to alert the parents or the caretakers of the baby, child or adult.
Having described preferred embodiments of a wireless monitoring system (which are intended to be illustrative and not limiting), it is noted that modifications and variations can be made by persons skilled in the art in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that changes may be made in the particular embodiments of the invention disclosed which are within the scope and spirit of the invention as outlined by the appended claims. Having thus described the invention with the details and particularity required by the patent laws, what is claimed and desired protected by Letters Patent is set forth in the appended claims. | In accordance with the present invention, a detection device capable of being coupled to a person for remotely monitoring heart and respiratory functions includes a processor, a photo cell coupled to the processor for determining blood oxygen content of the person and a temperature sensor coupled to the processor for determining a temperature of the person. The processor compares the determined blood oxygen content and the temperature to desired values. A transmitter is included for transmitting a warning signal if one of the determined blood oxygen content and the temperature are other than the desired values. | The present invention describes a wireless monitoring system for suffocation prevention and temperature monitoring in infants and bed-ridden individuals. The system includes a detection device that measures blood oxygen content and temperature, and a transmitter that sends a warning signal if the values are outside the desired range. The warning signal is received by a receiver, which activates an alarm or takes appropriate actions. The system can be used for monitoring multiple individuals and includes a centralized server for data processing. The invention provides an early response to potentially life-threatening situations and can save thousands of lives each year. | {
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"query": "Summarize the context",
"context": "BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION \n 1. Field of the Invention \n The present invention relates to a wireless monitoring system and more particularly to a suffocation prevention system, temperature monitor system and indoor communication systems. \n 2. Description of the Related Art \n Every year thousands of babies die of premature crib death, also known as Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. While some of them inherited some problems such as heart irregularities or respiratory distress, other deaths are caused by accidents such as suffocation from blankets or pillows and lack of attention to certain readily observable conditions such as body temperature due to illness. In almost all cases, early detection can save the infants from death. Even though the probability of such tragedies happening is relatively small, most parents and caretakers are eager to acquire a device that will help them to further minimize the chance of suffocation if the device is inexpensive and easy to use. For example, the sales of carbon monoxide detectors can best illustrate the motive. \n Therefore, a need exists for providing a system for early warning to allow quick response to signs of suffocation in infants or other people who are unable to help themselves. Such a system could save thousands of lives every year. A further need exists for early detection of progressing illness which may relieve parents or caretakers some of the stress and effort in monitoring people under their care. \n SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION \n In accordance with the present invention, a detection device capable of being coupled to a person for remotely monitoring heart and respiratory functions includes a processor, a photo cell coupled to the processor for determining blood oxygen content of the person and a temperature sensor coupled to the processor for determining a temperature of the person. The processor compares the determined blood oxygen content and the temperature to desired values. A transmitter is included for transmitting a warning signal if one of the determined blood oxygen content and the temperature are other than the desired values. \n A system for remotely monitoring heart and respiratory functions includes a detection device capable of being coupled to a person including a processor, a photo cell coupled to the processor for determining blood oxygen content of the person, a temperature sensor coupled to the processor for determining a temperature of the person. The processor compares the determined blood oxygen content and the temperature to desired values. A transmitter is included for transmitting a warning signal if one of the determined blood oxygen content and the temperature are other than the desired values. A receiver capable of being remotely coupled to the transmitter to receive the warning signal is also included. \n Another system for remotely monitoring heart and respiratory functions includes a plurality of detection devices each capable of being coupled to a different person, the detection devices including, a processor, a photo cell coupled to the processor for determining blood oxygen content of the person and a temperature sensor coupled to the processor for determining a temperature of the person. The processor compares the determined blood oxygen content and the temperature to desired values. A transmitter is included for transmitting a warning signal if one of the determined blood oxygen content and the temperature are other than the desired values, the warning signal having uniquely identifying characteristics to identify each different person being monitored. A receiver is also included capable of being remotely coupled to the transmitters to receive the warning signals with uniquely identifying characteristics, the receiver capable of taking appropriate actions based on each person identified by the warning signals. \n In alternate embodiments, the detection device preferably includes a power source for powering the detection device. The power source preferably includes a battery. The transmitter(s) may transmit radio frequency signals. The desired levels may include a predetermined blood oxygen content level and a predetermined temperature range. The desired levels may also include previous blood oxygen content readings and previous temperature readings. The receiver may include a warning system for alerting users of the warning signal. The warning system may include one of a flashing light, a speaker, a beeper and a telephone. The warning signals may include RFID signals. The receiver may include a server having a database for storing information about people wearing the detection devices. The information about people wearing the detection devices includes appropriate actions to be taken upon receiving the warning signals. \n These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments thereof, which is to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings. \n \n \n BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS \n The invention will be described in detail in the following description of preferred embodiments with reference to the following figures wherein: \n FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a wireless monitoring system in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention showing a sensor/transmitter and a warning system receiver in accordance with the present invention; \n FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a wireless monitoring system for a plurality of sensor/transmitters in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention; \n FIG. 3 is a flow diagram for a method of monitoring blood oxygen content and temperature in accordance with the present invention; \n FIG. 4 is a flow diagram for a method for monitoring identifying signals and taking appropriate actions in accordance with the present invention; \n FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a person wearing detection devices in accordance with the present invention; and \n FIG. 6 is a side view of a detection device with an adjustable strap in accordance with the present invention. \n \n \n DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS \n The present invention relates to a wireless monitoring system and more particularly to a suffocation prevention system, temperature monitor system and indoor communication system. The present invention provides a remote monitoring system which provides reliable monitoring of blood oxygen levels and temperature to ensure proper breathing to infants and bed-ridden individuals who need monitoring. If oxygen levels or temperature in the individual drop below a predetermined level, an alarm or other warning signal is activated to provide an early response to the situation. \n Referring now to the drawings in which like numerals represent the same or similar elements and initially to FIG. 1, a schematic diagram showing a wireless system 10 in accordance with the present invention. System 10 includes a sensor/transmitter 12 and a warning system/receiver 14 . Sensor/transmitter 12 includes a temperature sensor 16 which may include a detector for measuring emitted radiation, such as infrared radiation from a body of a user, or a thermocouple to continuously measure the body temperature. A photocell 18 detects the oxygen level of the user. This is preferably performed by measuring the difference between oxi-hemoglobin and dioxide hemoglobin. Normally, the level of oxygen in the blood is 100%, but if it falls below 100%, a signal output by photocell 18 will change according to the difference. The oxi-hemoglobin and dioxide hemoglobin levels are measured according to the wavelength of light emitted from the body of the user. Red wavelengths indicate blood is well oxygenated while bluer wavelengths indicate an oxygen deficiency. Photocell 18 receives the radiation from the body and preferably utilizes the photo-electric or equivalent effects to generate an electrical output signal. \n The output signals from temperature sensor 16 and photocell 18 are sent to an embedded processor 20 for processing. Processor 20 may include a microprocessor having one or more semiconductor chips or may include hard wired circuits with the capabilities described below. Processor 20 processes the signals from the photocell 18 and temperature sensor 16 . These signals may be filtered and compared to a previous oxygen level and temperature or compared to predetermined oxygen levels and temperature ranges. If the oxygen level is lower than the predetermined value or the temperature measured is out of range then processor 20 sends a signal 22 , preferably, a Radio Frequency (RF) signal through a transmitter 32 , preferably an RF transmitter, to warning system/receiver 14 . A receiver 30 receives RF signal 22 and activates an alarm or warning device 24 . Warning device 24 may include a beeper, a telephone system, a walkie talkie, or similar device. Warning device 24 may include a flashing light, a warning buzzer from a speaker or other devices. In a preferred embodiment, alarm device includes the capability to make an emergency call to an external source 26 such as an ambulance, doctor, or other emergency service. \n Sensor/transmitter 12 and warning system/receiver 14 may be located in close proximity or far apart depending on the signals used to implement the devices. Further, although described in terms of RF other signals may be employed such as infrared, etc. Sensor/transmitter 12 includes a power source 28 preferably a portable power source such as a battery, a solar cell or equivalents. Power source 28 may include non-portable sources as well, such as electrical power from an outlet. Sensor/transmitter 12 may include an additional warning feature to indicate a low battery, for example. \n Referring to FIG. 2, in one embodiment, a system 100 is provided for use in an environment such as a hospital or ward. System 100 is employed to handle a plurality of sensor/transmitters 12 . A centralized server 102 is included to serve many clients simultaneously. Centralized server 102 functions similarly as warning system/receiver 14 . However, centralized server 102 receives an identifying signal 104 from each of sensor/transmitters 12 . Identifying signals 104 are preferably RF signals, which may be modulated to uniquely identify each identifying signal. Each signal may be made unique by employing a different frequency, employing a different wavelength, employing a different synchronization, etc. for the signal. If identifying signals 104 are digital, identifying signals 104 may be encoded and decoded differently or include an encryption code or a digital key to differentiate between the signals to identify different patients. \n In a preferred embodiment, identifying signals 104 are transmitted from sensor/transmitters 12 when the monitored conditions fall below a threshold value or are out of range. Identifying signals 104 may further provide specific information about the patient and the conditions being monitored such as temperature and blood oxygen content. Centralized server 102 includes a receiver 110 for receiving the identifying signals. Centralized server 102 may include a processor and a database 116 for formatting and outputting data received for sensor/transmitters 12 and to maintain a log of the conditions being monitored along with time information, such as when an alarm was activated. A display 106 may be included for displaying the data received according to each patient. \n Centralized server 102 receives an identifying signal and takes appropriate actions. This may include activation of an alarm 112 , warning device (beeper, etc.) or dialing a phone 114 to call for help from an external source, as described above. \n Referring now to FIG. 3, a method for monitoring a patient or infant is shown. Processor 20 is used to monitor the patient or infant and performs the method shown in FIG. 3 . In step 202 , oxygen levels are read from photo sensor 18 , and temperature levels are read from temperature sensor 16 (FIG. 1 ). In step 204 , the oxygen levels and the temperature reading are compared to preset levels. This may be performed using Boolean logic, an adder circuit or other devices known in the art. In an alternative embodiment, current levels of oxygen and/or temperature are compared to a previous set of readings to determine changes between the readings. If the temperature readings are out of range or the oxygen levels are below the preset levels, a signal is sent to a warning device by employing a transmitter in step 206 . Otherwise, the oxygen level and the temperature of the patient will be monitored by returning to step 202 . This method continues until a warning is activated or the system is turned off. \n Referring to FIG. 4, a method for employing centralized server 102 used when detecting identifying signals is shown. Centralized server 102 detects signals from sensor/transmitters 12 in step 302 . In step 304 , the identifying signals from sensor/transmitters 12 are read or processed. In step 306 , a data base search may be performed to correlate the identifying signal, for example, an RFID signal to a patient and/or a patients information such as room number, name, etc. The data base may be included in the centralized server 102 . The data base may also include appropriate action messages which the person monitoring the system may take, for example, “call doctor” or more specifically “call Doctor Smith at 555-5555”. Other messages are also contemplated. In step 308 , appropriate actions are taken, such as setting alarms, displaying alert messages in a display, calling via phone an emergency number, etc. Each action taken is preferably responsive to the particular individual uniquely identified by the identifying signal. \n Referring to FIGS. 5 and 6, the present invention includes a detection device 400 including sensor/transmitter 12 that detects heart or respiratory problems by examining the oxygen level in the blood of a person 402 such as an infant and/or a temperature sensor that measures the temperature of the person continuously. This device 400 may be attached to a person's wrist (in the form of a bracelet 404 ) or attached to a toe or leg with an adjustable strap 406 or the like. A signal will be sent from device 400 to an embedded processor 20 which is integrated in device 400 . When processor 20 detects an abnormal condition, processor 20 will activate transmitter 32 to send an RF wireless signal to a warning system/receiver 14 to alert the parents or the caretakers of the baby, child or adult. \n Having described preferred embodiments of a wireless monitoring system (which are intended to be illustrative and not limiting), it is noted that modifications and variations can be made by persons skilled in the art in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that changes may be made in the particular embodiments of the invention disclosed which are within the scope and spirit of the invention as outlined by the appended claims. Having thus described the invention with the details and particularity required by the patent laws, what is claimed and desired protected by Letters Patent is set forth in the appended claims.",
"response": "The present invention describes a wireless monitoring system for suffocation prevention and temperature monitoring in infants and bed-ridden individuals. The system includes a detection device that measures blood oxygen content and temperature, and a transmitter that sends a warning signal if the values are outside the desired range. The warning signal is received by a receiver, which activates an alarm or takes appropriate actions. The system can be used for monitoring multiple individuals and includes a centralized server for data processing. The invention provides an early response to potentially life-threatening situations and can save thousands of lives each year."
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"reason": "The response accurately summarizes the information provided in the context. It captures the essence of the invention, which is a wireless monitoring system designed for suffocation prevention and temperature monitoring. The response mentions the key components of the system, such as the detection device, the transmitter, and the receiver, as well as the purpose of the system, which aligns with the context provided. The response also correctly states that the system can be used for monitoring multiple individuals and includes a centralized server for data processing. Additionally, the response correctly infers the potential life-saving impact of the invention, which is discussed in the context.",
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} | false | The response accurately summarizes the information provided in the context. It captures the essence of the invention, which is a wireless monitoring system designed for suffocation prevention and temperature monitoring. The response mentions the key components of the system, such as the detection device, the transmitter, and the receiver, as well as the purpose of the system, which aligns with the context provided. The response also correctly states that the system can be used for monitoring multiple individuals and includes a centralized server for data processing. Additionally, the response correctly infers the potential life-saving impact of the invention, which is discussed in the context. | 0 | {
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COPYRIGHT NOTICE
[0001] A portion of the disclosure of this patent contains material that is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent files or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Field of the Invention
[0003] The present invention relates to the live capture of flying vertebrates in an indoor setting. In particular, it relates to a net deploying system designed for inside large enclosure buildings.
[0004] Description of Related Art
[0005] The advent of large warehouses, big box stores, large grocery stores, malls, and the like, has caused an increase in the number of birds, as well as other large flying vertebrates, such as bats, finding their way inside the buildings. Depending on the species, if there is no action to get rid of the flying vertebrate, it can remain in the building for an extended time. This can cause the spread of disease, problems because of defecation, annoyance to customers, as well as the destruction of products inside the store.
[0006] A number of methods are utilized to capture flying vertebrates. Traps are used, but frequently the traps are not very humane. Birds are somewhat attracted to light, so that dimming the store lights and hoping the vertebrate will head for the outside light is also utilized. Netting can be setup inside the building, but the time it takes to set up the net is lengthy, and if the net misses the vertebrate, it needs to be taken down and set up again. All these methods can lead to harming the vertebrate, while they are also not entirely effective. Though these methods have been around for decades, there is a need for a better method of removing flying vertebrates from a large building.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] The present invention relates to a more humane flying vertebrate capture system, with the use of telescoping or height adjustable support poles, for deploying a bird netting with or without pockets. The bird netting can be deployed, repositioned, and lowered for capture much quicker and easier than nets directly attached to the roof or rafters, thus allowing for a much higher chance of recovering the flying vertebrate without harm.
[0008] Accordingly, in one embodiment, there is a method for the safe live capture of a flying vertebrate inside a large building comprising:
a) determining the species of flying vertebrate inside the building; b) selecting bird netting; c) attaching a plurality of adjustable height support poles to the netting, the poles comprising:
i. a hook for attaching the poles overhead; ii. a pulley attached to an upper portion of the pole; and
iii. a rope attached to the pulley, the rope having devices to attach the bird netting to the rope;
d) positioning the netting for capture based on the species of flying vertebrate and their flight characteristics utilizing the height adjustable poles to raise the netting; e) driving the flying vertebrate or waiting for the vertebrate to fly into the netting pockets; f) lowering the netting using the height adjustable support poles; and g) removing the flying vertebrate from the netting.
[0019] In another embodiment, there is a device for repeated quick set up for safe live capture of a flying vertebrate in a large building comprising:
a) bird netting; and b) a plurality of adjustable height support poles attached to the netting, the poles comprising:
i. a hook for attaching the poles overhead; ii. a pulley attached to an upper portion of the pole; and iii. a rope attached to the pulley, the rope having devices to attach the bird netting to the rope.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0025] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the system of the present invention in position in preparation for capture.
[0026] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the system of the present invention's height adjustable pole.
[0027] FIG. 3 is a view of the rope with clips attached to the pole with the pulley.
[0028] FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0029] While this invention is susceptible to embodiment in many different forms, there is shown in the drawings, and will herein be described in detail, specific embodiments, with the understanding that the present disclosure of such embodiments is to be considered as an example of the principles and not intended to limit the invention to the specific embodiments shown and described. In the description below, like reference numerals are used to describe the same, similar, or corresponding parts in the several views of the drawings. This detailed description defines the meaning of the terms used herein and specifically describes embodiments in order for those skilled in the art to practice the invention.
Definitions
[0030] The terms “about” and “essentially” mean±10 percent.
[0031] Use of the word term herein also refers to a phrase in defining a term.
[0032] The terms “a” or “an”, as used herein, are defined as one or as more than one. The term “plurality”, as used herein, is defined as two or as more than two. The term “another”, as used herein, is defined as at least a second or more. The terms “including” and/or “having”, as used herein, are defined as comprising (i.e., open language). The term “coupled”, as used herein, is defined as connected, although not necessarily directly, and not necessarily mechanically.
[0033] The term “comprising” is not intended to limit inventions to only claiming the present invention with such comprising language. Any invention using the term comprising could be separated into one or more claims using “consisting” or “consisting of” claim language and is so intended.
[0034] References throughout this document to “one embodiment”, “certain embodiments”, and “an embodiment” or similar terms means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, the appearances of such phrases in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments without limitation.
[0035] The term “or” as used herein is to be interpreted as an inclusive or meaning any one or any combination. Therefore, “A, B or C” means any of the following: “A; B; C; A and B; A and C; B and C; A, B and C”. An exception to this definition will occur only when a combination of elements, functions, steps or acts are in some way inherently mutually exclusive.
[0036] The drawings featured in the figures are for the purpose of illustrating certain convenient embodiments of the present invention, and are not to be considered as limitations thereto. The term “means” preceding a present participle of an operation indicates a desired function for which there is one or more embodiments, i.e., one or more methods, devices, or apparatuses for achieving the desired function and that one skilled in the art could select from these or their equivalent in view of the disclosure herein and use of the term “means” is not intended to be limiting.
[0037] As used herein, the term “flying vertebrate” refers to birds, bats or any large flying mammal or the like.
[0038] As used herein, the term “rope” refers to cord, rope, string, or the like used to raise or lower the netting attached to it.
[0039] As used herein, the term “adjustable height support poles” refers to poles that can change in height by any means. In one embodiment, it is a telescoping pole that can lock in an up and down position. The pole has a hook at the top for attaching the pole to the rafters, beams, or the like on the ceiling. In one embodiment, the poles extend to 24 feet or more telescopically.
[0040] As used herein, the term “positioning the netting for capture” refers to placing the bird net in an upper position wherein the flying vertebrate can fly into the netting.
[0041] As used herein, the term “large building” refers to interiors of buildings such as large box stores, warehouses, storage facilities, retail buildings and the like. These types of buildings typically have high ceilings, making flying vertebrate removal very difficult.
[0042] As used herein, the term “pulley” refers to a device that the rope can pass through in order to raise or lower bird netting to the ends of the poles, such as the top. In one embodiment, it is a carabiner, as shown in the drawings. A plurality of devices to attach the net to the rope are placed on the rope. In one embodiment, the attachment device is a clip, as shown in the drawings.
[0043] As used herein, the term “bird netting” refers to nylon or other plastic netting designed in the trade for the capture of birds. These typically have one or more pockets designed to trap a bird, but that is just an embodiment. These types of nets run large and can have dimensions over 30 feet in length.
[0044] As used herein, the term “determining the species” refers to observing the flying vertebrate and having an expert, a guide book, or the like, for determining what kind of flying vertebrate needs to be captured. One can also observe the surrounding area for determination of the likely species to be captured in a large building, to aid in prevention of further entry by a flying vertebrate.
[0045] As used herein, the term “flight characteristics” refers to the flying vertebrate, once it has been identified, one can determine how it flies. e.g. a bat flies in a different pattern than a sparrow. That flight pattern can then be used to place the netting in relationship to the position of the flying vertebrate.
[0046] As used herein, the term “driving the flying vertebrate” refers to getting the flying vertebrate to fly, by making a loud noise, approaching the vertebrate, or by the placement of food, light, or odorant or the like. If the netting is placed correctly, then driving the vertebrate will cause it to fly into the netting and one of the pouches in the netting.
[0047] As used herein, the term “removal of the flying vertebrate from the netting” refers to a key part of the present invention wherein the flying vertebrate is manually removed from the net once captured.
[0048] As used herein, the term “adapting the building” refers to taking the information about what species of flying vertebrate has entered the building and then adapting the building so that that species cannot easily return to the inside of the building. So, for example, eliminating nesting spots or using repellant at spots normally used for nesting, both outside and inside the building. Also adapting the entrances to prevent the species of bird from entering the building. Other structural vulnerabilities are generally looked for, including looking for holes and gaps, locations for entry, nesting and the like.
DRAWINGS
[0049] Now referring to the drawings, FIG. 1 is a perspective of the device of the present invention. In this view, flying vertebrate bird 1 is shown flying around the ceiling 2 of a large warehouse building having rafters 3 . Sitting on the floor 4 of the building are adjustable poles 5 in their extended position. The system capture net 6 consists of net 6 mounted on height adjustable posts 5 by attaching it to clips 7 on rope 8 . The adjustable posts 5 in this embodiment are telescoping poles, however other height adjustable shafts are anticipated. Hook 9 is attached to rafter 3 . The rope 8 on each pole 5 runs through pulley 15 and is lengthened to allow the net to be pulled together to the desired tension. Pockets 11 are formed based on the tension.
[0050] In FIG. 2 the system capture pole 5 is collapsed with pulley 15 shown positioned in an upper position. The height adjustable poles 5 are shown having telescoped into their lowest position.
[0051] FIG. 3 shows a single pole 5 extended with rope 8 and clips 7 clearly shown.
[0052] In FIG. 4 there is a flowchart of the method of the present invention. The user of the system first determines the species 30 of the flying vertebrate by inspecting the vertebrate in the location, inspecting evidence in the surrounding area of the types of vertebrates in the area, as well as the location of the vertebrate in the building. Next, a bird netting with pockets is selected 31 and height adjustable poles attached to the bird netting for raising and lowering the net during use 32 . The netting is then positioned in an upper position for capture 33 so the bird can fly or be chased into the netting 34 or, better still, into one of the pockets and get stuck there. Once the bird is captured, the netting can be lowered 35 in order to remove the bird from the netting 36 and release it in the wild. Once the bird is retrieved, an optional additional act of adapting the building to prevent the species from further entry 37 can be done making sure that doors stay closed, repellants utilized, elimination of attractants and the like are utilized.
[0053] Those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains may make modifications resulting in other embodiments employing principles of the present invention without departing from its spirit or characteristics, particularly upon considering the foregoing teachings. Accordingly, the described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative, and not restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description or drawings. Consequently, while the present invention has been described with reference to particular embodiments, modifications of structure, sequence, materials and the like apparent to those skilled in the art still fall within the scope of the invention as claimed by the applicant. | A bird capture net which allows the use of quickly adjusting the height for capture and release is described, which includes height adjustable poles attached to bird netting. | This patent describes a humane and efficient system for capturing flying vertebrates in large indoor buildings using telescoping support poles and netting. The method involves determining the species of the vertebrate, selecting appropriate netting, positioning the netting for capture, driving the vertebrate into the netting, lowering the netting, and removing the captured vertebrate. The invention aims to improve the effectiveness and safety of capturing flying vertebrates in large buildings. | {
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"query": "Summarize the context",
"context": "COPYRIGHT NOTICE \n [0001] A portion of the disclosure of this patent contains material that is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent files or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever. \n BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION \n [0002] Field of the Invention \n [0003] The present invention relates to the live capture of flying vertebrates in an indoor setting. In particular, it relates to a net deploying system designed for inside large enclosure buildings. \n [0004] Description of Related Art \n [0005] The advent of large warehouses, big box stores, large grocery stores, malls, and the like, has caused an increase in the number of birds, as well as other large flying vertebrates, such as bats, finding their way inside the buildings. Depending on the species, if there is no action to get rid of the flying vertebrate, it can remain in the building for an extended time. This can cause the spread of disease, problems because of defecation, annoyance to customers, as well as the destruction of products inside the store. \n [0006] A number of methods are utilized to capture flying vertebrates. Traps are used, but frequently the traps are not very humane. Birds are somewhat attracted to light, so that dimming the store lights and hoping the vertebrate will head for the outside light is also utilized. Netting can be setup inside the building, but the time it takes to set up the net is lengthy, and if the net misses the vertebrate, it needs to be taken down and set up again. All these methods can lead to harming the vertebrate, while they are also not entirely effective. Though these methods have been around for decades, there is a need for a better method of removing flying vertebrates from a large building. \n BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION \n [0007] The present invention relates to a more humane flying vertebrate capture system, with the use of telescoping or height adjustable support poles, for deploying a bird netting with or without pockets. The bird netting can be deployed, repositioned, and lowered for capture much quicker and easier than nets directly attached to the roof or rafters, thus allowing for a much higher chance of recovering the flying vertebrate without harm. \n [0008] Accordingly, in one embodiment, there is a method for the safe live capture of a flying vertebrate inside a large building comprising:\n a) determining the species of flying vertebrate inside the building; b) selecting bird netting; c) attaching a plurality of adjustable height support poles to the netting, the poles comprising:\n i. a hook for attaching the poles overhead; ii. a pulley attached to an upper portion of the pole; and\n iii. a rope attached to the pulley, the rope having devices to attach the bird netting to the rope; \n \n d) positioning the netting for capture based on the species of flying vertebrate and their flight characteristics utilizing the height adjustable poles to raise the netting; e) driving the flying vertebrate or waiting for the vertebrate to fly into the netting pockets; f) lowering the netting using the height adjustable support poles; and g) removing the flying vertebrate from the netting. \n \n [0019] In another embodiment, there is a device for repeated quick set up for safe live capture of a flying vertebrate in a large building comprising:\n a) bird netting; and b) a plurality of adjustable height support poles attached to the netting, the poles comprising:\n i. a hook for attaching the poles overhead; ii. a pulley attached to an upper portion of the pole; and iii. a rope attached to the pulley, the rope having devices to attach the bird netting to the rope. \n \n \n \n \n \n BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS \n [0025] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the system of the present invention in position in preparation for capture. \n [0026] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the system of the present invention's height adjustable pole. \n [0027] FIG. 3 is a view of the rope with clips attached to the pole with the pulley. \n [0028] FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention. \n \n \n \n DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION \n [0029] While this invention is susceptible to embodiment in many different forms, there is shown in the drawings, and will herein be described in detail, specific embodiments, with the understanding that the present disclosure of such embodiments is to be considered as an example of the principles and not intended to limit the invention to the specific embodiments shown and described. In the description below, like reference numerals are used to describe the same, similar, or corresponding parts in the several views of the drawings. This detailed description defines the meaning of the terms used herein and specifically describes embodiments in order for those skilled in the art to practice the invention. \n Definitions \n [0030] The terms “about” and “essentially” mean±10 percent. \n [0031] Use of the word term herein also refers to a phrase in defining a term. \n [0032] The terms “a” or “an”, as used herein, are defined as one or as more than one. The term “plurality”, as used herein, is defined as two or as more than two. The term “another”, as used herein, is defined as at least a second or more. The terms “including” and/or “having”, as used herein, are defined as comprising (i.e., open language). The term “coupled”, as used herein, is defined as connected, although not necessarily directly, and not necessarily mechanically. \n [0033] The term “comprising” is not intended to limit inventions to only claiming the present invention with such comprising language. Any invention using the term comprising could be separated into one or more claims using “consisting” or “consisting of” claim language and is so intended. \n [0034] References throughout this document to “one embodiment”, “certain embodiments”, and “an embodiment” or similar terms means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, the appearances of such phrases in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments without limitation. \n [0035] The term “or” as used herein is to be interpreted as an inclusive or meaning any one or any combination. Therefore, “A, B or C” means any of the following: “A; B; C; A and B; A and C; B and C; A, B and C”. An exception to this definition will occur only when a combination of elements, functions, steps or acts are in some way inherently mutually exclusive. \n [0036] The drawings featured in the figures are for the purpose of illustrating certain convenient embodiments of the present invention, and are not to be considered as limitations thereto. The term “means” preceding a present participle of an operation indicates a desired function for which there is one or more embodiments, i.e., one or more methods, devices, or apparatuses for achieving the desired function and that one skilled in the art could select from these or their equivalent in view of the disclosure herein and use of the term “means” is not intended to be limiting. \n [0037] As used herein, the term “flying vertebrate” refers to birds, bats or any large flying mammal or the like. \n [0038] As used herein, the term “rope” refers to cord, rope, string, or the like used to raise or lower the netting attached to it. \n [0039] As used herein, the term “adjustable height support poles” refers to poles that can change in height by any means. In one embodiment, it is a telescoping pole that can lock in an up and down position. The pole has a hook at the top for attaching the pole to the rafters, beams, or the like on the ceiling. In one embodiment, the poles extend to 24 feet or more telescopically. \n [0040] As used herein, the term “positioning the netting for capture” refers to placing the bird net in an upper position wherein the flying vertebrate can fly into the netting. \n [0041] As used herein, the term “large building” refers to interiors of buildings such as large box stores, warehouses, storage facilities, retail buildings and the like. These types of buildings typically have high ceilings, making flying vertebrate removal very difficult. \n [0042] As used herein, the term “pulley” refers to a device that the rope can pass through in order to raise or lower bird netting to the ends of the poles, such as the top. In one embodiment, it is a carabiner, as shown in the drawings. A plurality of devices to attach the net to the rope are placed on the rope. In one embodiment, the attachment device is a clip, as shown in the drawings. \n [0043] As used herein, the term “bird netting” refers to nylon or other plastic netting designed in the trade for the capture of birds. These typically have one or more pockets designed to trap a bird, but that is just an embodiment. These types of nets run large and can have dimensions over 30 feet in length. \n [0044] As used herein, the term “determining the species” refers to observing the flying vertebrate and having an expert, a guide book, or the like, for determining what kind of flying vertebrate needs to be captured. One can also observe the surrounding area for determination of the likely species to be captured in a large building, to aid in prevention of further entry by a flying vertebrate. \n [0045] As used herein, the term “flight characteristics” refers to the flying vertebrate, once it has been identified, one can determine how it flies. e.g. a bat flies in a different pattern than a sparrow. That flight pattern can then be used to place the netting in relationship to the position of the flying vertebrate. \n [0046] As used herein, the term “driving the flying vertebrate” refers to getting the flying vertebrate to fly, by making a loud noise, approaching the vertebrate, or by the placement of food, light, or odorant or the like. If the netting is placed correctly, then driving the vertebrate will cause it to fly into the netting and one of the pouches in the netting. \n [0047] As used herein, the term “removal of the flying vertebrate from the netting” refers to a key part of the present invention wherein the flying vertebrate is manually removed from the net once captured. \n [0048] As used herein, the term “adapting the building” refers to taking the information about what species of flying vertebrate has entered the building and then adapting the building so that that species cannot easily return to the inside of the building. So, for example, eliminating nesting spots or using repellant at spots normally used for nesting, both outside and inside the building. Also adapting the entrances to prevent the species of bird from entering the building. Other structural vulnerabilities are generally looked for, including looking for holes and gaps, locations for entry, nesting and the like. \n DRAWINGS \n [0049] Now referring to the drawings, FIG. 1 is a perspective of the device of the present invention. In this view, flying vertebrate bird 1 is shown flying around the ceiling 2 of a large warehouse building having rafters 3 . Sitting on the floor 4 of the building are adjustable poles 5 in their extended position. The system capture net 6 consists of net 6 mounted on height adjustable posts 5 by attaching it to clips 7 on rope 8 . The adjustable posts 5 in this embodiment are telescoping poles, however other height adjustable shafts are anticipated. Hook 9 is attached to rafter 3 . The rope 8 on each pole 5 runs through pulley 15 and is lengthened to allow the net to be pulled together to the desired tension. Pockets 11 are formed based on the tension. \n [0050] In FIG. 2 the system capture pole 5 is collapsed with pulley 15 shown positioned in an upper position. The height adjustable poles 5 are shown having telescoped into their lowest position. \n [0051] FIG. 3 shows a single pole 5 extended with rope 8 and clips 7 clearly shown. \n [0052] In FIG. 4 there is a flowchart of the method of the present invention. The user of the system first determines the species 30 of the flying vertebrate by inspecting the vertebrate in the location, inspecting evidence in the surrounding area of the types of vertebrates in the area, as well as the location of the vertebrate in the building. Next, a bird netting with pockets is selected 31 and height adjustable poles attached to the bird netting for raising and lowering the net during use 32 . The netting is then positioned in an upper position for capture 33 so the bird can fly or be chased into the netting 34 or, better still, into one of the pockets and get stuck there. Once the bird is captured, the netting can be lowered 35 in order to remove the bird from the netting 36 and release it in the wild. Once the bird is retrieved, an optional additional act of adapting the building to prevent the species from further entry 37 can be done making sure that doors stay closed, repellants utilized, elimination of attractants and the like are utilized. \n [0053] Those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains may make modifications resulting in other embodiments employing principles of the present invention without departing from its spirit or characteristics, particularly upon considering the foregoing teachings. Accordingly, the described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative, and not restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description or drawings. Consequently, while the present invention has been described with reference to particular embodiments, modifications of structure, sequence, materials and the like apparent to those skilled in the art still fall within the scope of the invention as claimed by the applicant.",
"response": "This patent describes a humane and efficient system for capturing flying vertebrates in large indoor buildings using telescoping support poles and netting. The method involves determining the species of the vertebrate, selecting appropriate netting, positioning the netting for capture, driving the vertebrate into the netting, lowering the netting, and removing the captured vertebrate. The invention aims to improve the effectiveness and safety of capturing flying vertebrates in large buildings."
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FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a clamp or coupling for use in osteosynthesis to anchor vertebrae in the spinal column, and to a system using such clamp.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Internal fixation devices or fixators which serve to rigidly couple a vertebra in the spinal column to one or more other vertebrae are known. In general they involve screws such as the so-called "Schanz" screws which are inserted into vertebrae and extend out more or less normally to the back of the patient, support rods which extend roughly parallel to the spine, and clamps or couplings which connect the screws with the support rod. Such fixators are described, for example, in the Synthes Bulletin of the Association for the Study of Internal Fixation, No. 70, dated March, 1986.
In systems according to the bulletin referred to, which are described more fully below, the Schanz screws are held by a kind of hook which presses the shaft of the screw against a clamp housing under the pressure of a nut turning on a screw on which the hook is mounted. This structure is difficult to work with. Moreover, the Schanz screw is not retained as rigidly as might be desired.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the invention, there is provided a clamp or coupling device by means of which a screw such as a Schanz screw may be coupled to a support rod more rigidly than with prior devices. Moreover the structure according to the invention is much easier to manipulate and adjust.
A clamp or coupling according to the invention comprises a housing having a sleeve for receiving a support rod, an eye in said housing, a collet adapted to receive the shaft of a Schanz type screw, said collet having a compressible head and means for drawing said collet into said eye, the walls of said eye being conically shaped to compress the head of said collet as it is drawn into the eye, thereby to hold said screw in a desired orientation with respect to the support rod.
The invention further comprises fixation systems comprising a support rod, a plurality of clamps as described and a plurality of Schanz type screws.
THE DRAWINGS
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic side elevational view showing a Schanz screw, a support rod and coupling devices known to the prior art applied to a segment of a spine.
FIG. 2 is a plan view showing two sets of Schanz screws with coupling devices according to the prior art.
FIG. 2A is an exploded view of a prior art coupling.
FIG. 3 is a schematic exploded view showing the several elements of a coupling device according to the invention in their relationship to one another and also to a support rod and a Schanz screw.
FIG. 3A is a front view of a retainer ring in the coupling unit of FIG. 3.
FIG. 4 is a front elevational view of a coupling unit according to the invention attached to a support rod and Schanz type screw.
FIG. 5 is a top view, partly in horizontal section of the coupling unit of FIG. 4.
FIG. 6 is a side view partly in vertical section of that portion of a coupling unit according to the invention designed to receive a Schanz type screw, with screw inserted.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIGS. 1 and 2 show the manner in which a coupling of the general type here concerned but employing coupling units according to the prior art, is used. In FIGS. 1 and 2, two Schanz screws 4 and 5 are inserted into each of two vertebrae 2 and 3 adjacent to a damaged vertebra 1 for rigid connection of the two sound vertebrae. Each Schanz screw 4 of upper vertebra 2 is rigidly connected via a threaded support rod 6 to the corresponding Schanz screw 5 of lower vertebra 3. The rigidity of the connection between each Schanz screw and support rod 6 is maintained by the clamps or couplings 20.
Details of the prior art couplings 20 are shown in FIG. 2A. Each coupling element has a block 7 which slides freely along support rod 6 and may be fixed at any position on the rod by means of nuts 9, threaded on rod 6, and retainer rings 8. Rings 8 have interior flats 25 which engage flats 26 on the rod 6. Rings 25 are free to slide along the rod 6, and are provided with a toothed or knurled section 27 which engages a like section 28 on the face of block 7. Thus when nuts 9 are tightened, engaging retainer ring 8 with the knurled section 27 of block 7, the block is fixed against rotation on the rod.
Block 7 has a threaded side extension 10 adapted to receive a ring hook 12. The ring part 31 of ring hook 12 has a knurled or toothed portion 32 adapted to engage a like portion 33 on the block 7. When fitted over side extension 10 and fixed by nut 11, the ring hook is thus prevented from rotating.
The hook portion 35 of ring hook 12 extends over the block 7, forming with the block an aperture in which a Schanz screw can be retained, the pressure exerted by nut 11 serving to prevent the pin from shifting or rotating.
This method of clamping Schanz screws has two disadvantages. First, it is difficult to gain access to the nut 11 with a small wrench. Second, not much tension can be transferred through the nut to the clamp jaw. This tension is further reduced because the stress produced by the tightening of the clamp jaw causes plastic deformation.
The clamp in the coupling element of the invention does not have these disadvantages.
Referring to FIGS. 3-6, a coupling unit 36 according to the invention comprises a housing 17, having a cylindrical sleeve 37, which enables the housing 17 to slide and rotate on a threaded support rod 6, identical with the support rods shown in FIGS. 1-2. The housing also has an eye 13 with a conically shaped opening 13a. A tubular collet 14 is provided for receiving a Schanz screw 4 identical to the Schanz scraews shown in FIGS. 1-2. The collet 14 has a spherical compressible head 38, composed of a plurality of curved spring leaves 38a, at one end, and a threaded shaft 14a at the other. Flats 14b are provided on each side of the shaft 14a.
The collet 14 seats in the conical opening 13(a) of eye 13, the shaft of the collet extending through the eye and beyond the housing 7. Flats 41 are provided at the narrower end of opening 13(a). These flats engage the flats 14b on the shaft 14a of the collet 14 and prevent the collet from rotating when it is inserted in the eye.
The collet 14 is secured in the eye 13 by means of a retaining ring 16, which slides on shaft 14a and is provided with flats 42 to match the flats 14b on shaft 14a. A nut 15 engages with the threads on shaft 14a.
It is necessary for Schanz screw 4 to be able to tilt during the surgical operation and also for it to be able to be fixed in a position in which it is at an angle to the axis (shown as 13(b) in FIG. 6) of the conical opening 13(a). The compressible head 38 of the collet, as noted above, is spherical in shape (somewhat truncated) enabling it to be seated in the conical opening 13(a) with the ability to tilt in a vertical plane (as shown in FIG. 3), engagement of the flats 14b on the shaft of the collet with the flats 41 preventing tilting in the horizontal plane (as shown in FIG. 3). In order to maintain the desired position when tension is applied to the collet (i.e., when nut 15 is tightened), retainer ring 16 has two curved recessed areas, both of which are provided with teeth 16a. These teeth 16a mesh with teeth 13c which are provided on two side arches 13d at the edges of eye 13.
In use, a Schanz screw or the equivalent is inserted in collet 14, the screw is tilted to the proper angle and the nut 15 is turned down on shaft 14a. The teeth 16a on retainer ring 16 are thus brought into engagement with teeth 13c on the sides of the opening 13a. The compressible collet head 38 is drawn down into the conical opening 13a, compressing it about the Schanz screw and thus developing a firm grip on the screw.
The coupling may be moved up and down and rotated about the threaded rod 6 in the manner described above in connection with FIGS. 1, 2 and 2A. It may be set at any desired position and orientation by means of nuts 9 and retaining rings 8, which may have the same structures as those used in the prior art (FIGS. 1, 2 and 2A), teeth 17a engaging with the teeth on ring 8.
Due to its novel design, the coupling unit of the invention does not have the disadvantages of the prior art coupling noted above. The collet is significantly more effective than the prior art hook clamp. Furthermore, once the nut used for positioning the collet is applied using a socket wrench, its axis is in the surgeon's line of sight and the nut can be turned much more easily than a nut visible only from the side. | A coupling element for holding a Schanz screw and a threaded pin rigidly in the correct orientation comprising a jacket, an eye with a collet therein and a nut. | This abstract describes a new clamp or coupling device for use in spinal osteosynthesis. The device allows for more rigid coupling between vertebrae and is easier to manipulate and adjust compared to existing devices. The device includes a housing, a sleeve for a support rod, an eye, and a collet for a Schanz screw. The collet is drawn into the eye, compressing its head and holding the screw in the desired orientation. The device can be used in fixation systems with multiple clamps and screws. The device overcomes the disadvantages of prior art couplings and provides improved stability and ease of use for surgeons. | {
"name": "Irftc",
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"query": "Summarize the context",
"context": "FIELD OF THE INVENTION \n The present invention relates to a clamp or coupling for use in osteosynthesis to anchor vertebrae in the spinal column, and to a system using such clamp. \n BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION \n Internal fixation devices or fixators which serve to rigidly couple a vertebra in the spinal column to one or more other vertebrae are known. In general they involve screws such as the so-called "Schanz" screws which are inserted into vertebrae and extend out more or less normally to the back of the patient, support rods which extend roughly parallel to the spine, and clamps or couplings which connect the screws with the support rod. Such fixators are described, for example, in the Synthes Bulletin of the Association for the Study of Internal Fixation, No. 70, dated March, 1986. \n In systems according to the bulletin referred to, which are described more fully below, the Schanz screws are held by a kind of hook which presses the shaft of the screw against a clamp housing under the pressure of a nut turning on a screw on which the hook is mounted. This structure is difficult to work with. Moreover, the Schanz screw is not retained as rigidly as might be desired. \n SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION \n In accordance with the invention, there is provided a clamp or coupling device by means of which a screw such as a Schanz screw may be coupled to a support rod more rigidly than with prior devices. Moreover the structure according to the invention is much easier to manipulate and adjust. \n A clamp or coupling according to the invention comprises a housing having a sleeve for receiving a support rod, an eye in said housing, a collet adapted to receive the shaft of a Schanz type screw, said collet having a compressible head and means for drawing said collet into said eye, the walls of said eye being conically shaped to compress the head of said collet as it is drawn into the eye, thereby to hold said screw in a desired orientation with respect to the support rod. \n The invention further comprises fixation systems comprising a support rod, a plurality of clamps as described and a plurality of Schanz type screws. \n \n \n THE DRAWINGS \n The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: \n FIG. 1 is a schematic side elevational view showing a Schanz screw, a support rod and coupling devices known to the prior art applied to a segment of a spine. \n FIG. 2 is a plan view showing two sets of Schanz screws with coupling devices according to the prior art. \n FIG. 2A is an exploded view of a prior art coupling. \n FIG. 3 is a schematic exploded view showing the several elements of a coupling device according to the invention in their relationship to one another and also to a support rod and a Schanz screw. \n FIG. 3A is a front view of a retainer ring in the coupling unit of FIG. 3. \n FIG. 4 is a front elevational view of a coupling unit according to the invention attached to a support rod and Schanz type screw. \n FIG. 5 is a top view, partly in horizontal section of the coupling unit of FIG. 4. \n FIG. 6 is a side view partly in vertical section of that portion of a coupling unit according to the invention designed to receive a Schanz type screw, with screw inserted. \n \n \n DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION \n FIGS. 1 and 2 show the manner in which a coupling of the general type here concerned but employing coupling units according to the prior art, is used. In FIGS. 1 and 2, two Schanz screws 4 and 5 are inserted into each of two vertebrae 2 and 3 adjacent to a damaged vertebra 1 for rigid connection of the two sound vertebrae. Each Schanz screw 4 of upper vertebra 2 is rigidly connected via a threaded support rod 6 to the corresponding Schanz screw 5 of lower vertebra 3. The rigidity of the connection between each Schanz screw and support rod 6 is maintained by the clamps or couplings 20. \n Details of the prior art couplings 20 are shown in FIG. 2A. Each coupling element has a block 7 which slides freely along support rod 6 and may be fixed at any position on the rod by means of nuts 9, threaded on rod 6, and retainer rings 8. Rings 8 have interior flats 25 which engage flats 26 on the rod 6. Rings 25 are free to slide along the rod 6, and are provided with a toothed or knurled section 27 which engages a like section 28 on the face of block 7. Thus when nuts 9 are tightened, engaging retainer ring 8 with the knurled section 27 of block 7, the block is fixed against rotation on the rod. \n Block 7 has a threaded side extension 10 adapted to receive a ring hook 12. The ring part 31 of ring hook 12 has a knurled or toothed portion 32 adapted to engage a like portion 33 on the block 7. When fitted over side extension 10 and fixed by nut 11, the ring hook is thus prevented from rotating. \n The hook portion 35 of ring hook 12 extends over the block 7, forming with the block an aperture in which a Schanz screw can be retained, the pressure exerted by nut 11 serving to prevent the pin from shifting or rotating. \n This method of clamping Schanz screws has two disadvantages. First, it is difficult to gain access to the nut 11 with a small wrench. Second, not much tension can be transferred through the nut to the clamp jaw. This tension is further reduced because the stress produced by the tightening of the clamp jaw causes plastic deformation. \n The clamp in the coupling element of the invention does not have these disadvantages. \n Referring to FIGS. 3-6, a coupling unit 36 according to the invention comprises a housing 17, having a cylindrical sleeve 37, which enables the housing 17 to slide and rotate on a threaded support rod 6, identical with the support rods shown in FIGS. 1-2. The housing also has an eye 13 with a conically shaped opening 13a. A tubular collet 14 is provided for receiving a Schanz screw 4 identical to the Schanz scraews shown in FIGS. 1-2. The collet 14 has a spherical compressible head 38, composed of a plurality of curved spring leaves 38a, at one end, and a threaded shaft 14a at the other. Flats 14b are provided on each side of the shaft 14a. \n The collet 14 seats in the conical opening 13(a) of eye 13, the shaft of the collet extending through the eye and beyond the housing 7. Flats 41 are provided at the narrower end of opening 13(a). These flats engage the flats 14b on the shaft 14a of the collet 14 and prevent the collet from rotating when it is inserted in the eye. \n The collet 14 is secured in the eye 13 by means of a retaining ring 16, which slides on shaft 14a and is provided with flats 42 to match the flats 14b on shaft 14a. A nut 15 engages with the threads on shaft 14a. \n It is necessary for Schanz screw 4 to be able to tilt during the surgical operation and also for it to be able to be fixed in a position in which it is at an angle to the axis (shown as 13(b) in FIG. 6) of the conical opening 13(a). The compressible head 38 of the collet, as noted above, is spherical in shape (somewhat truncated) enabling it to be seated in the conical opening 13(a) with the ability to tilt in a vertical plane (as shown in FIG. 3), engagement of the flats 14b on the shaft of the collet with the flats 41 preventing tilting in the horizontal plane (as shown in FIG. 3). In order to maintain the desired position when tension is applied to the collet (i.e., when nut 15 is tightened), retainer ring 16 has two curved recessed areas, both of which are provided with teeth 16a. These teeth 16a mesh with teeth 13c which are provided on two side arches 13d at the edges of eye 13. \n In use, a Schanz screw or the equivalent is inserted in collet 14, the screw is tilted to the proper angle and the nut 15 is turned down on shaft 14a. The teeth 16a on retainer ring 16 are thus brought into engagement with teeth 13c on the sides of the opening 13a. The compressible collet head 38 is drawn down into the conical opening 13a, compressing it about the Schanz screw and thus developing a firm grip on the screw. \n The coupling may be moved up and down and rotated about the threaded rod 6 in the manner described above in connection with FIGS. 1, 2 and 2A. It may be set at any desired position and orientation by means of nuts 9 and retaining rings 8, which may have the same structures as those used in the prior art (FIGS. 1, 2 and 2A), teeth 17a engaging with the teeth on ring 8. \n Due to its novel design, the coupling unit of the invention does not have the disadvantages of the prior art coupling noted above. The collet is significantly more effective than the prior art hook clamp. Furthermore, once the nut used for positioning the collet is applied using a socket wrench, its axis is in the surgeon's line of sight and the nut can be turned much more easily than a nut visible only from the side.",
"response": "This abstract describes a new clamp or coupling device for use in spinal osteosynthesis. The device allows for more rigid coupling between vertebrae and is easier to manipulate and adjust compared to existing devices. The device includes a housing, a sleeve for a support rod, an eye, and a collet for a Schanz screw. The collet is drawn into the eye, compressing its head and holding the screw in the desired orientation. The device can be used in fixation systems with multiple clamps and screws. The device overcomes the disadvantages of prior art couplings and provides improved stability and ease of use for surgeons."
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} | false | The response accurately summarizes the context provided, highlighting the main aspects of the new clamp or coupling device for spinal osteosynthesis. It mentions the improved rigidity and ease of manipulation, the components of the device such as the housing, sleeve, eye, and collet, and the method by which the collet secures the Schanz screw. The response also correctly states that the device is part of a system that can include multiple clamps and screws and addresses the disadvantages of prior art couplings. All the information in the response can be directly inferred from the detailed context given, which describes the invention, its components, and its advantages over prior art. | 0 | {
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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a retainer for tendons used in the reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee.
The conventional method for reconstructing the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee entails drilling a hole that passes through the tibial and femoral condyles. A frame, provided with slots for the passage of two tendons recovered from the tendinous muscle and from the gracilis muscle, is driven through the tibial inlet of the hole. When the frame has exited from the femoral inlet of the hole, it is orientated diametrically to said hole and the tendons are pulled and anchored to the tibial cortex.
The retainer according to the prior art entails the substantial drawback that it does not allow to correctly tension the bundles of tendons. Tendon tensioning in fact occurs simultaneously with their fixation and can no longer be adjusted once fixation has been completed.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The technical aim of the present invention is to provide a new retainer which allows to eliminate the above drawbacks.
Within the scope of this aim, an object of the present invention is to provide a retainer which is capable of facilitating the operating technique for its installation.
This aim and this object are achieved by a retainer for tendons used in the reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee, characterized in that it comprises a cylindrical body having a flange at one end and an eyelet at the other end, the tendons being engaged through said eyelet and being guided through a hole formed through the femoral and tibial condyles, said body being insertable until said flange abuts against the femoral inlet of said hole.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Further particularities of the retainer according to the invention will become apparent from the following description on the basis of the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a side view of a retainer according to a first embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view, taken along the plane II—II of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view, taken along the plane III—III of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a partially sectional side view of a different embodiment of the retainer;
FIGS. 5 to 13 are views of various steps of the installation of the retainer.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
With reference to the above FIGS. 1-3, the retainer is generally designated by the reference numeral 1 and comprises a cylindrical body 2 having, at one end, a cambered flange 3 . A plurality of notches 4 are formed in the flange 3 , are diametrically mutually opposite to the axis of the body 1 and are angularly mutually equidistant.
A quadrangular eyelet 5 protrudes from the opposite side of the body 2 with respect to the flange 3 . The eyelet 5 lies on a diametrical plane that passes through the axis of the body 1 and has a substantially ellipsoidal cross-section.
The described retainer is completed by a hexagonal recess 6 which is formed axially in the body 1 and is open at the center of the flange 7 . The recess 6 is meant for the engagement of a tool, for example an Allen wrench, whereby the retainer can be turned once it has been installed in the seat meant to receive it.
The method for installing the described retainer is as follows.
The semitendinous tendon B and the gracilis tendon C are first released through an incision A formed with an arthroscope; however, said tendons remain inserted on the tibia with one end. Two sutures D, for example of the type known as Brunnel suture, are then applied to the free ends of the two tendons B and C to allow the coupling of the thread E for pulling the tendons through the articulation of the knee.
The arthroscope is then reinserted through a second supracondylar incision F and is used to form, according to conventional methods, the outer percondylar hole G and the tibial hole H (FIG. 5 ).
By using a suitable ligature carrier I, the tendons B and C are then passed through the tibial hole H and through the femoral hole G until they fully exit from the incision F (FIGS. 6, 7 ).
At this point, the tendons B and C are guided through the eyelet 5 of the retainer 1 (FIG. 8 ).
By using a second traction wire L, the tendons are reinserted in the femoral hole G and in the tibial hole H, until they again exit from the tibial hole H (FIGS. 8 and 9 ).
The traction applied by the tendons to the retainer 1 causes the partial engagement of the retainer 1 in the inlet of the femoral hole G. By using a suitable boneset, the retainer is fully inserted in the femoral hole G until the flange 3 abuts against the outer cortex of the femur (FIG. 10 ). An adequate traction of the free ends of the tendons allows them to slide on the eyelet 5 .
When the pretensioning of all four bundles of tendons has reached a preset value, one and two staples M (FIG. 11) are arranged so as to straddle the tendons at the exit of the tibial hole H. At this point, valid stabilization of the knee has already been achieved.
However, the retainer allows an additional and final tensioning by twining the tendon bundles inside the femoral hole G and the tibial hole H. For this purpose, an Allen wrench N is inserted in the recess 6 and turned through the necessary angle, for example approximately 360° (FIG. 12 ). The direction of rotation of the tendon bundles is clockwise for the right knee and counterclockwise for the left knee. The tensioning force of the tendons can be controlled with a torque wrench.
When the tendons have reached the intended tension, the retainer 1 is fixed against possible rotary and axial displacements by positioning a staple O so as form a bridge on the flange 3 , so that the teeth of the staple O engage the notches 4 (FIG. 13 ).
It is evident that the described retainer perfectly achieves the intended aim and object. In particular, the retainer allows to simultaneously perform pretensioning and final tensioning of the tendons during the operation, at the chosen degrees of flexing and for the time deemed most suitable by the operator, allowing to take advantage of the visco-elastic properties of tendons.
According to a different embodiment of the invention, illustrated in FIG. 4, instead of the hexagonal recess 3 a threaded hole 7 is provided which is suitable to receive a screw-on plug that, by preventing the growth of bone inside its internal hole, facilitates the optional engagement of a tool for the removal of the retainer, if and when required.
In a further embodiment, the eyelet 5 is open so as to form a sort of hook. | The retainer for tendons used in the reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee comprises a cylindrical body having a flange at one end and an eyelet at the other end; the tendons are engaged through the eyelet and are guided through a hole formed through the femoral and tibial condyles; the body can be inserted until the flange abuts against the femoral inlet of the hole. | This paper presents a new retainer for tendons used in the reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee. The retainer addresses the drawback of the prior art by allowing for correct tensioning of the tendon bundles during fixation. The retainer comprises a cylindrical body with a flange and an eyelet, through which the tendons are engaged and guided through a hole in the femoral and tibial condyles. The retainer is inserted until the flange abuts against the femoral inlet of the hole. The paper also describes different embodiments of the retainer and the installation process. Overall, the retainer enables simultaneous pretensioning and final tensioning of the tendons, taking advantage of the visco-elastic properties of tendons. | {
"name": "Irftc",
"display_name": "Faithfulness",
"data": {
"query": "Summarize the context",
"context": "BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION \n The present invention relates to a retainer for tendons used in the reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee. \n The conventional method for reconstructing the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee entails drilling a hole that passes through the tibial and femoral condyles. A frame, provided with slots for the passage of two tendons recovered from the tendinous muscle and from the gracilis muscle, is driven through the tibial inlet of the hole. When the frame has exited from the femoral inlet of the hole, it is orientated diametrically to said hole and the tendons are pulled and anchored to the tibial cortex. \n The retainer according to the prior art entails the substantial drawback that it does not allow to correctly tension the bundles of tendons. Tendon tensioning in fact occurs simultaneously with their fixation and can no longer be adjusted once fixation has been completed. \n SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION \n The technical aim of the present invention is to provide a new retainer which allows to eliminate the above drawbacks. \n Within the scope of this aim, an object of the present invention is to provide a retainer which is capable of facilitating the operating technique for its installation. \n This aim and this object are achieved by a retainer for tendons used in the reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee, characterized in that it comprises a cylindrical body having a flange at one end and an eyelet at the other end, the tendons being engaged through said eyelet and being guided through a hole formed through the femoral and tibial condyles, said body being insertable until said flange abuts against the femoral inlet of said hole. \n \n \n BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS \n Further particularities of the retainer according to the invention will become apparent from the following description on the basis of the accompanying drawings, wherein: \n FIG. 1 is a side view of a retainer according to a first embodiment; \n FIG. 2 is a sectional view, taken along the plane II—II of FIG. 1; \n FIG. 3 is a sectional view, taken along the plane III—III of FIG. 1; \n FIG. 4 is a partially sectional side view of a different embodiment of the retainer; \n FIGS. 5 to 13 are views of various steps of the installation of the retainer. \n \n \n DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS \n With reference to the above FIGS. 1-3, the retainer is generally designated by the reference numeral 1 and comprises a cylindrical body 2 having, at one end, a cambered flange 3 . A plurality of notches 4 are formed in the flange 3 , are diametrically mutually opposite to the axis of the body 1 and are angularly mutually equidistant. \n A quadrangular eyelet 5 protrudes from the opposite side of the body 2 with respect to the flange 3 . The eyelet 5 lies on a diametrical plane that passes through the axis of the body 1 and has a substantially ellipsoidal cross-section. \n The described retainer is completed by a hexagonal recess 6 which is formed axially in the body 1 and is open at the center of the flange 7 . The recess 6 is meant for the engagement of a tool, for example an Allen wrench, whereby the retainer can be turned once it has been installed in the seat meant to receive it. \n The method for installing the described retainer is as follows. \n The semitendinous tendon B and the gracilis tendon C are first released through an incision A formed with an arthroscope; however, said tendons remain inserted on the tibia with one end. Two sutures D, for example of the type known as Brunnel suture, are then applied to the free ends of the two tendons B and C to allow the coupling of the thread E for pulling the tendons through the articulation of the knee. \n The arthroscope is then reinserted through a second supracondylar incision F and is used to form, according to conventional methods, the outer percondylar hole G and the tibial hole H (FIG. 5 ). \n By using a suitable ligature carrier I, the tendons B and C are then passed through the tibial hole H and through the femoral hole G until they fully exit from the incision F (FIGS. 6, 7 ). \n At this point, the tendons B and C are guided through the eyelet 5 of the retainer 1 (FIG. 8 ). \n By using a second traction wire L, the tendons are reinserted in the femoral hole G and in the tibial hole H, until they again exit from the tibial hole H (FIGS. 8 and 9 ). \n The traction applied by the tendons to the retainer 1 causes the partial engagement of the retainer 1 in the inlet of the femoral hole G. By using a suitable boneset, the retainer is fully inserted in the femoral hole G until the flange 3 abuts against the outer cortex of the femur (FIG. 10 ). An adequate traction of the free ends of the tendons allows them to slide on the eyelet 5 . \n When the pretensioning of all four bundles of tendons has reached a preset value, one and two staples M (FIG. 11) are arranged so as to straddle the tendons at the exit of the tibial hole H. At this point, valid stabilization of the knee has already been achieved. \n However, the retainer allows an additional and final tensioning by twining the tendon bundles inside the femoral hole G and the tibial hole H. For this purpose, an Allen wrench N is inserted in the recess 6 and turned through the necessary angle, for example approximately 360° (FIG. 12 ). The direction of rotation of the tendon bundles is clockwise for the right knee and counterclockwise for the left knee. The tensioning force of the tendons can be controlled with a torque wrench. \n When the tendons have reached the intended tension, the retainer 1 is fixed against possible rotary and axial displacements by positioning a staple O so as form a bridge on the flange 3 , so that the teeth of the staple O engage the notches 4 (FIG. 13 ). \n It is evident that the described retainer perfectly achieves the intended aim and object. In particular, the retainer allows to simultaneously perform pretensioning and final tensioning of the tendons during the operation, at the chosen degrees of flexing and for the time deemed most suitable by the operator, allowing to take advantage of the visco-elastic properties of tendons. \n According to a different embodiment of the invention, illustrated in FIG. 4, instead of the hexagonal recess 3 a threaded hole 7 is provided which is suitable to receive a screw-on plug that, by preventing the growth of bone inside its internal hole, facilitates the optional engagement of a tool for the removal of the retainer, if and when required. \n In a further embodiment, the eyelet 5 is open so as to form a sort of hook.",
"response": "This paper presents a new retainer for tendons used in the reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee. The retainer addresses the drawback of the prior art by allowing for correct tensioning of the tendon bundles during fixation. The retainer comprises a cylindrical body with a flange and an eyelet, through which the tendons are engaged and guided through a hole in the femoral and tibial condyles. The retainer is inserted until the flange abuts against the femoral inlet of the hole. The paper also describes different embodiments of the retainer and the installation process. Overall, the retainer enables simultaneous pretensioning and final tensioning of the tendons, taking advantage of the visco-elastic properties of tendons."
},
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} | false | The response accurately summarizes the context provided, which describes a new retainer for tendons used in the reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee. It captures the main points about the drawbacks of the prior art, the technical aim of the invention, the structure of the retainer, and the method of installation. The response also correctly mentions the ability of the retainer to allow for correct tensioning of the tendon bundles and the different embodiments of the retainer. All the information presented in the response can be directly inferred from the context given. | 0 | {
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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a system consisting of a support element and at least two functional elements which can be used in the sanitary sector.
The functional elements can, for example, be hooks, toilet roll holders, soap dishes, handles, holder elements or similar elements which are fastened to a wall surface extending vertically as a rule in the sanitary sector. Functional elements of this type have previously frequently simply been directly screwed in a wall with dowels. However, support elements which are screwed in a wall are also known which belong to a specific functional element matched to the respective support element and to which then the respectively matching functional element can be fastened. It is a disadvantage of a fastening of this type that, if a functional element is to be replaced by another one, as a rule the support element fixedly anchored in the wall also has to be replaced.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a fastening system for functional elements usable in the sanitary sector which allows different functional elements to be fastened to a surface in as simple and nevertheless as stable a manner as possible so that they can be replaced by other functional elements without any great effort.
This object is satisfied in accordance with the invention by the features disclosed herein and in particular in that a system is provided consisting of a support element and at least two functional elements which can be used in the sanitary section and which can each be coupled to the support element.
The support element in accordance with the invention can be coupled to each of the functional elements via a uniform system interface, with this system interface having, at the support element side, a spigot-shaped element with an outwardly biased latch element projecting from it transversely to its longitudinal axis. The functional elements in turn each have a tubular element which corresponds to the spigot-shaped element and has a recess for the latch element.
Each functional element can therefore be pushed with its tubular element onto the spigot-shaped element, with the latch element projecting from the spigot-shaped element then latching into the recess in the tubular element provided for this purpose. In this manner, the functional element is secured both against rotation and against a pulling off from the support element. The tubular element with its recess provided therein is easy to realize and can be provided without any great difficulties at almost all functional elements to be used in the sanitary sector. On the building and fitting of a bathroom, for example, support elements in accordance with the invention can now already be provided at different positions by the contractor and a resident can later mount different functional elements of his choice on them.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, the spigot-shaped element has at least one guide web which extends parallel to its longitudinal axis and converges in the direction of the functional element. Cut-outs which correspond thereto, which converge in the direction of the functional element and which extend parallel to its longitudinal axis, can then in turn be provided in the tubular element. When a functional element is pushed onto the support element, the guide web slides into the corresponding cut-out and the pushing on or the alignment of the functional element with respect to the support element is facilitated by the converging form. When the functional element is coupled to the support element, a guide web of this type then serves as an additional security against rotation in addition to the latching element.
In accordance with a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, two converging guide webs of this type are provided at two oppositely disposed sides of the spigot-shaped element and then cooperate with two corresponding cut-outs in the tubular element. An optimum security against rotation is achieved by two oppositely disposed guide webs.
The support element can, for example, have a circular base surface at whose center the spigot-shaped element is seated. The spigot-shaped element itself can, for example, be cylindrical or also have any other cross-section desired. A circular base surface for the support element is to be preferred both for visual reasons and for technical production reasons; however, other embodiments are also feasible.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, a base element is provided which can be fastened to a wall and to which the support element can be fastened or is fastened. A base element of this type can, for example, be a shield or a cover plate which has a screen and which is screwed tight to the wall. Fastening points provided, for example, at the wall for a supporting folding handle can be masked by a plate-like or shield-like base element of this kind when this handle is not intended to be used, or fitting holes left from previous installations can be masked. In addition to unused fastening points of this type, used fastening points can also be masked by a screen of this type: A shield-like wall plate can, for example, thus be provided which has a cut-out for a support element at one end and at whose other end a fastening point is provided for the screwing of a supporting folding handle or of a towel rack. Greater forces are introduced into the base element via supporting folding handles or towel racks than via the functional elements in accordance with the invention so that the system interface in accordance with the invention itself is not necessarily suitable to serve as a fastening for supporting folding handles or towel racks.
Base elements are also conceivable to which a plurality of support elements in accordance with the invention can be fastened at the same time.
The base element can have a cut-out into which the support element can be inserted for the fastening of the support element. If the support element has a circular base surface, a circular cut-out can accordingly, for example, be provided at the base element. The support element can be screwed to the base element from the rear while seated in the cut-out and can no longer slip due to the fit in the cut-out. A design of this type allows a particularly unobtrusive and stable fastening of the support element to the base element.
The front surface of the spigot-shaped element facing in the direction of the functional element preferably lies in a plane with the front surface of the base element facing in the direction of the functional element. The support element is therefore countersunk in the cut-out of the base element so that it does not project out of it, which improves the visual impression both with a mounted functional element and with no functional element mounted. In addition, a substantially planar surface is obtained in this manner even if no functional element is fastened to the support element so that injuries due to projecting parts of the support element are avoided.
If, as described above, the support element is inserted into a cut-out in a base element, it can have a toothed arrangement at its rear side which is made in a complementary manner to a corresponding toothed arrangement in the cut-out in the base element. The support element is thus additionally secured against rotation with respect to the base element.
The outward biasing of the latch element can be obtained, for example, with the help of a spring supported in the spigot-shaped element. The latch element can then easily be pressed against its bias in the direction of the axis of the spigot-shaped element so that a functional element can be pushed onto the spigot-like element in order then to latch into the recess provided in the tubular element for this purpose.
An opening accessible from the outside can be provided in the functional element and the latch element can be pressed radially inwardly through it against its bias by means of a tool to release the coupling of the functional element to the support element when the functional element is coupled to the support element. The latching of the support element to the functional element can, for example, thus be released with the help of a simple pin or screwdriver so that the functional element can be removed and, where desired, replaced by another.
The invention will be described in more detail in the following with reference to preferred embodiments and to the attached drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a support element;
FIG. 2 is a section along the axis A-A through the support element of FIG. 1 ;
FIG. 3A is a perspective view of a further support element;
FIG. 3B is a plan view of the rear side of the support element of FIG. 3A ;
FIG. 3C is a side view of the support element of FIGS. 3A and 3B ;
FIG. 4 is the support element of FIGS. 3A-C with a base element and a functional element to be fastened to the support element; and
FIG. 5 is a perspective representation of a further base element with two cut-outs for support elements and a support element to be fastened thereto.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
FIG. 1 shows a plan view from the front of a support element 10 in accordance with the invention with a circular base surface 20 . A spigot-shaped element 12 which projects out of the plane of the drawing and has a substantially square cross-section with slightly arched outer sides is seated at the center of the circular base surface 20 of the support element 10 .
A latch element 14 made as a cylindrical pin can be seen at the side of the spigot-shaped element 12 at the bottom in FIGS. 1 and 2 and projects out of this element. As can be seen in FIG. 2 , the latch element 14 is held or fixed in the spigot-shaped element 12 by means of a plastic sleeve and is supported at a spring centering location 15 in the interior region of the spigot-shaped element 12 by a spring 16 , with the spring 16 being seated in a bore 17 of the latch element 14 and extending from this bore 17 up to and approximately into the center of the spigot-shaped element 12 . When the spring is compressed, the latch element 14 is countersunk in the spigot-shaped element 12 until it abuts an abutment surface 13 provided for this purpose with the annular surface bounding the end of the bore 17 . In the position countersunk up to the abutment surface 13 , it no longer only projects from the spigot-shaped element 12 , but it projects from the spigot-shaped element 12 when the spring 16 is relaxed and can thus latch into a corresponding cut-out in a tubular element of a functional element.
In FIG. 1 , two guide webs 18 are furthermore shown which extend perpendicular to the plane of the drawing at oppositely disposed sides of the spigot-shaped element 12 . These guide webs 18 converge toward the front in the direction of a functional element to be pushed on so that the pushing on of the functional element is facilitated which has cut-outs corresponding to the guide webs 18 in its tubular element. When the functional element is coupled to the support element 10 , the guide webs 18 form an additional security against rotation.
In FIG. 2 , in addition, two of four bores 22 are visible which are provided in circular form in the rear side of the support element 10 . The bores 22 serve for the screwing of the support element 10 directly to a wall or to a base element as will be explained later.
FIGS. 3A to 3C show different views of another embodiment of a support element 10 in accordance with the invention. In FIG. 3A , the support element 10 is shown in a perspective manner and a circular base surface 20 can be seen on which a cylindrical body 21 is seated at whose center the spigot-shaped element 12 is in turn located.
The spigot-shaped element 12 also has a substantially square cross-section with slightly arched outer sides, with two guide webs 18 being disposed at the outer side, which converge in the direction of a functional element and of which, however, only one can be see in the Figures. A quadrangular opening 24 is applied at the surface at the center of the spigot-shaped element 12 . At the outer side of the spigot-shaped element 12 adjacent to the guide web 18 , the latch element 14 can be seen in FIG. 3C which projects out of the spigot-shaped element 12 at the side (downwardly with a mounted support element 10 ) and has a cylindrical shape with a rounded end face.
The lower side of the support element 10 is provided with a star-shaped toothed arrangement 26 which is shown more precisely again in a plan view in FIG. 3B . This toothed arrangement 26 can, as shown in FIG. 5 , cooperate with a corresponding toothed arrangement 27 in a cut-out 28 of a base element 30 whose shape corresponds to the shape of the base surface 20 of the support element 10 when the support element 10 is inserted into a cut-out 28 of this type and can thus form a security against rotation.
In FIG. 4 , the support element 10 from FIGS. 3A to 3C is now inserted into a circular base element 30 or is made in one piece with the base element 30 . The base element 30 can be screwed firmly to a wall and has a circular base surface at whose center a likewise circular cut-out 28 for the support element 10 is provided whose diameter corresponds to the diameter of the base surface 20 of the support element 10 . The latch element 14 is not visible in FIG. 4 since it lies at the lower side of the spigot-shaped element 12 ; however, the guide web 18 can be seen on the left-hand side of the spigot-shaped element 12 .
In addition, a functional element 40 is shown in FIG. 4 which can be pushed onto the support element 10 . The functional element 40 is a double hook which has a tubular element 42 with which it is mounted onto the support element 10 . The inner cross-section of the tubular element 42 corresponds to the outer cross-section of the spigot-shaped element 12 , with two cut-outs also being provided which are not visible in the Figure and which correspond to the guide webs 18 . In addition, a cut-out (again not visible in the Figure) for the latch element 14 is formed at the lower side of the tubular element 42 .
To push on the functional element 40 , the latch element 14 is depressed against its bias transversely to the direction of the longitudinal axis of the spigot-shaped element and then latches into the recess in the tubular element 42 . In the latched state, the support element 10 is firmly coupled to the functional element 40 so that the functional element 40 is secured against rotation and against being pulled out. The support element 10 is completely invisible in this coupled state and the tubular element 42 of the functional element 40 is seated in a shaped matched manner in the cut-out 28 of the base element 30 .
FIG. 5 likewise shows the support element 10 of FIGS. 3A to C and of FIG. 4 , but this time with a different base element 30 . The base element 30 is an elongate shield which can be screwed to a wall and which has two cut-outs 28 for support elements 10 . The two circular cut-outs 28 are provided at the front side at the end regions of the shield 30 remote from one another and each have a toothed arrangement 27 which cooperates with the toothed arrangement 26 at the rear of the support element 10 . Unused fastening points can, for example, be masked behind the shield 30 . The screw 32 serves for the screwing of the support element 10 in the cut-out 28 .
Instead of the double hook shown in FIG. 4 , any desired other functional elements usable in the sanitary sector can be combined with the support element 10 in accordance with the invention. For example, paper holders, soap dishes, toothbrush holders, handles and hooks, cosmetic holders and similar are thus feasible so that a plurality of combination possibilities are created with different conceivable base elements. | The invention relates to a system of a support element and at least two functional elements which can be used in the sanitary sector, with the support element being able to be coupled to each of the functional elements via a system interface and the system interface having a spigot-shaped element—at the support element side—with an outwardly biased latch element projecting out of said spigot-shaped element transversely to its longitudinal axis and the functional elements each having a tubular element corresponding to the spigot-shaped element and having a cut-out for the latch element. | This scientific paper presents a fastening system for functional elements in the sanitary sector. The system consists of a support element and at least two functional elements, which can be easily coupled and replaced. The support element has a spigot-shaped element with a latch element, while the functional elements have a corresponding tubular element with a recess for the latch element. The support element also has guide webs for alignment and security against rotation. The system allows for simple and stable fastening of functional elements, providing flexibility for customization and replacement. The paper describes the design and features of the support element and its coupling with functional elements. Various embodiments and applications of the system are also discussed. | {
"name": "Irftc",
"display_name": "Faithfulness",
"data": {
"query": "Summarize the context",
"context": "BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION \n The present invention relates to a system consisting of a support element and at least two functional elements which can be used in the sanitary sector. \n The functional elements can, for example, be hooks, toilet roll holders, soap dishes, handles, holder elements or similar elements which are fastened to a wall surface extending vertically as a rule in the sanitary sector. Functional elements of this type have previously frequently simply been directly screwed in a wall with dowels. However, support elements which are screwed in a wall are also known which belong to a specific functional element matched to the respective support element and to which then the respectively matching functional element can be fastened. It is a disadvantage of a fastening of this type that, if a functional element is to be replaced by another one, as a rule the support element fixedly anchored in the wall also has to be replaced. \n SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION \n It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a fastening system for functional elements usable in the sanitary sector which allows different functional elements to be fastened to a surface in as simple and nevertheless as stable a manner as possible so that they can be replaced by other functional elements without any great effort. \n This object is satisfied in accordance with the invention by the features disclosed herein and in particular in that a system is provided consisting of a support element and at least two functional elements which can be used in the sanitary section and which can each be coupled to the support element. \n The support element in accordance with the invention can be coupled to each of the functional elements via a uniform system interface, with this system interface having, at the support element side, a spigot-shaped element with an outwardly biased latch element projecting from it transversely to its longitudinal axis. The functional elements in turn each have a tubular element which corresponds to the spigot-shaped element and has a recess for the latch element. \n Each functional element can therefore be pushed with its tubular element onto the spigot-shaped element, with the latch element projecting from the spigot-shaped element then latching into the recess in the tubular element provided for this purpose. In this manner, the functional element is secured both against rotation and against a pulling off from the support element. The tubular element with its recess provided therein is easy to realize and can be provided without any great difficulties at almost all functional elements to be used in the sanitary sector. On the building and fitting of a bathroom, for example, support elements in accordance with the invention can now already be provided at different positions by the contractor and a resident can later mount different functional elements of his choice on them. \n In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, the spigot-shaped element has at least one guide web which extends parallel to its longitudinal axis and converges in the direction of the functional element. Cut-outs which correspond thereto, which converge in the direction of the functional element and which extend parallel to its longitudinal axis, can then in turn be provided in the tubular element. When a functional element is pushed onto the support element, the guide web slides into the corresponding cut-out and the pushing on or the alignment of the functional element with respect to the support element is facilitated by the converging form. When the functional element is coupled to the support element, a guide web of this type then serves as an additional security against rotation in addition to the latching element. \n In accordance with a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, two converging guide webs of this type are provided at two oppositely disposed sides of the spigot-shaped element and then cooperate with two corresponding cut-outs in the tubular element. An optimum security against rotation is achieved by two oppositely disposed guide webs. \n The support element can, for example, have a circular base surface at whose center the spigot-shaped element is seated. The spigot-shaped element itself can, for example, be cylindrical or also have any other cross-section desired. A circular base surface for the support element is to be preferred both for visual reasons and for technical production reasons; however, other embodiments are also feasible. \n In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, a base element is provided which can be fastened to a wall and to which the support element can be fastened or is fastened. A base element of this type can, for example, be a shield or a cover plate which has a screen and which is screwed tight to the wall. Fastening points provided, for example, at the wall for a supporting folding handle can be masked by a plate-like or shield-like base element of this kind when this handle is not intended to be used, or fitting holes left from previous installations can be masked. In addition to unused fastening points of this type, used fastening points can also be masked by a screen of this type: A shield-like wall plate can, for example, thus be provided which has a cut-out for a support element at one end and at whose other end a fastening point is provided for the screwing of a supporting folding handle or of a towel rack. Greater forces are introduced into the base element via supporting folding handles or towel racks than via the functional elements in accordance with the invention so that the system interface in accordance with the invention itself is not necessarily suitable to serve as a fastening for supporting folding handles or towel racks. \n Base elements are also conceivable to which a plurality of support elements in accordance with the invention can be fastened at the same time. \n The base element can have a cut-out into which the support element can be inserted for the fastening of the support element. If the support element has a circular base surface, a circular cut-out can accordingly, for example, be provided at the base element. The support element can be screwed to the base element from the rear while seated in the cut-out and can no longer slip due to the fit in the cut-out. A design of this type allows a particularly unobtrusive and stable fastening of the support element to the base element. \n The front surface of the spigot-shaped element facing in the direction of the functional element preferably lies in a plane with the front surface of the base element facing in the direction of the functional element. The support element is therefore countersunk in the cut-out of the base element so that it does not project out of it, which improves the visual impression both with a mounted functional element and with no functional element mounted. In addition, a substantially planar surface is obtained in this manner even if no functional element is fastened to the support element so that injuries due to projecting parts of the support element are avoided. \n If, as described above, the support element is inserted into a cut-out in a base element, it can have a toothed arrangement at its rear side which is made in a complementary manner to a corresponding toothed arrangement in the cut-out in the base element. The support element is thus additionally secured against rotation with respect to the base element. \n The outward biasing of the latch element can be obtained, for example, with the help of a spring supported in the spigot-shaped element. The latch element can then easily be pressed against its bias in the direction of the axis of the spigot-shaped element so that a functional element can be pushed onto the spigot-like element in order then to latch into the recess provided in the tubular element for this purpose. \n An opening accessible from the outside can be provided in the functional element and the latch element can be pressed radially inwardly through it against its bias by means of a tool to release the coupling of the functional element to the support element when the functional element is coupled to the support element. The latching of the support element to the functional element can, for example, thus be released with the help of a simple pin or screwdriver so that the functional element can be removed and, where desired, replaced by another. \n The invention will be described in more detail in the following with reference to preferred embodiments and to the attached drawings. \n\n\n \n BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS \n FIG. 1 is a plan view of a support element; \n FIG. 2 is a section along the axis A-A through the support element of FIG. 1 ; \n FIG. 3A is a perspective view of a further support element; \n FIG. 3B is a plan view of the rear side of the support element of FIG. 3A ; \n FIG. 3C is a side view of the support element of FIGS. 3A and 3B ; \n FIG. 4 is the support element of FIGS. 3A-C with a base element and a functional element to be fastened to the support element; and \n FIG. 5 is a perspective representation of a further base element with two cut-outs for support elements and a support element to be fastened thereto. \n \n\n\n DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS \n FIG. 1 shows a plan view from the front of a support element 10 in accordance with the invention with a circular base surface 20 . A spigot-shaped element 12 which projects out of the plane of the drawing and has a substantially square cross-section with slightly arched outer sides is seated at the center of the circular base surface 20 of the support element 10 . \n A latch element 14 made as a cylindrical pin can be seen at the side of the spigot-shaped element 12 at the bottom in FIGS. 1 and 2 and projects out of this element. As can be seen in FIG. 2 , the latch element 14 is held or fixed in the spigot-shaped element 12 by means of a plastic sleeve and is supported at a spring centering location 15 in the interior region of the spigot-shaped element 12 by a spring 16 , with the spring 16 being seated in a bore 17 of the latch element 14 and extending from this bore 17 up to and approximately into the center of the spigot-shaped element 12 . When the spring is compressed, the latch element 14 is countersunk in the spigot-shaped element 12 until it abuts an abutment surface 13 provided for this purpose with the annular surface bounding the end of the bore 17 . In the position countersunk up to the abutment surface 13 , it no longer only projects from the spigot-shaped element 12 , but it projects from the spigot-shaped element 12 when the spring 16 is relaxed and can thus latch into a corresponding cut-out in a tubular element of a functional element. \n In FIG. 1 , two guide webs 18 are furthermore shown which extend perpendicular to the plane of the drawing at oppositely disposed sides of the spigot-shaped element 12 . These guide webs 18 converge toward the front in the direction of a functional element to be pushed on so that the pushing on of the functional element is facilitated which has cut-outs corresponding to the guide webs 18 in its tubular element. When the functional element is coupled to the support element 10 , the guide webs 18 form an additional security against rotation. \n In FIG. 2 , in addition, two of four bores 22 are visible which are provided in circular form in the rear side of the support element 10 . The bores 22 serve for the screwing of the support element 10 directly to a wall or to a base element as will be explained later. \n FIGS. 3A to 3C show different views of another embodiment of a support element 10 in accordance with the invention. In FIG. 3A , the support element 10 is shown in a perspective manner and a circular base surface 20 can be seen on which a cylindrical body 21 is seated at whose center the spigot-shaped element 12 is in turn located. \n The spigot-shaped element 12 also has a substantially square cross-section with slightly arched outer sides, with two guide webs 18 being disposed at the outer side, which converge in the direction of a functional element and of which, however, only one can be see in the Figures. A quadrangular opening 24 is applied at the surface at the center of the spigot-shaped element 12 . At the outer side of the spigot-shaped element 12 adjacent to the guide web 18 , the latch element 14 can be seen in FIG. 3C which projects out of the spigot-shaped element 12 at the side (downwardly with a mounted support element 10 ) and has a cylindrical shape with a rounded end face. \n The lower side of the support element 10 is provided with a star-shaped toothed arrangement 26 which is shown more precisely again in a plan view in FIG. 3B . This toothed arrangement 26 can, as shown in FIG. 5 , cooperate with a corresponding toothed arrangement 27 in a cut-out 28 of a base element 30 whose shape corresponds to the shape of the base surface 20 of the support element 10 when the support element 10 is inserted into a cut-out 28 of this type and can thus form a security against rotation. \n In FIG. 4 , the support element 10 from FIGS. 3A to 3C is now inserted into a circular base element 30 or is made in one piece with the base element 30 . The base element 30 can be screwed firmly to a wall and has a circular base surface at whose center a likewise circular cut-out 28 for the support element 10 is provided whose diameter corresponds to the diameter of the base surface 20 of the support element 10 . The latch element 14 is not visible in FIG. 4 since it lies at the lower side of the spigot-shaped element 12 ; however, the guide web 18 can be seen on the left-hand side of the spigot-shaped element 12 . \n In addition, a functional element 40 is shown in FIG. 4 which can be pushed onto the support element 10 . The functional element 40 is a double hook which has a tubular element 42 with which it is mounted onto the support element 10 . The inner cross-section of the tubular element 42 corresponds to the outer cross-section of the spigot-shaped element 12 , with two cut-outs also being provided which are not visible in the Figure and which correspond to the guide webs 18 . In addition, a cut-out (again not visible in the Figure) for the latch element 14 is formed at the lower side of the tubular element 42 . \n To push on the functional element 40 , the latch element 14 is depressed against its bias transversely to the direction of the longitudinal axis of the spigot-shaped element and then latches into the recess in the tubular element 42 . In the latched state, the support element 10 is firmly coupled to the functional element 40 so that the functional element 40 is secured against rotation and against being pulled out. The support element 10 is completely invisible in this coupled state and the tubular element 42 of the functional element 40 is seated in a shaped matched manner in the cut-out 28 of the base element 30 . \n FIG. 5 likewise shows the support element 10 of FIGS. 3A to C and of FIG. 4 , but this time with a different base element 30 . The base element 30 is an elongate shield which can be screwed to a wall and which has two cut-outs 28 for support elements 10 . The two circular cut-outs 28 are provided at the front side at the end regions of the shield 30 remote from one another and each have a toothed arrangement 27 which cooperates with the toothed arrangement 26 at the rear of the support element 10 . Unused fastening points can, for example, be masked behind the shield 30 . The screw 32 serves for the screwing of the support element 10 in the cut-out 28 . \n Instead of the double hook shown in FIG. 4 , any desired other functional elements usable in the sanitary sector can be combined with the support element 10 in accordance with the invention. For example, paper holders, soap dishes, toothbrush holders, handles and hooks, cosmetic holders and similar are thus feasible so that a plurality of combination possibilities are created with different conceivable base elements.",
"response": "This scientific paper presents a fastening system for functional elements in the sanitary sector. The system consists of a support element and at least two functional elements, which can be easily coupled and replaced. The support element has a spigot-shaped element with a latch element, while the functional elements have a corresponding tubular element with a recess for the latch element. The support element also has guide webs for alignment and security against rotation. The system allows for simple and stable fastening of functional elements, providing flexibility for customization and replacement. The paper describes the design and features of the support element and its coupling with functional elements. Various embodiments and applications of the system are also discussed."
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"reason": "The response accurately summarizes the information provided in the context. It captures the essence of the fastening system for functional elements in the sanitary sector, including the support element with a spigot-shaped element and latch element, the functional elements with a tubular element and recess, and the guide webs for alignment and security against rotation. The response also correctly notes that the system allows for easy coupling and replacement of functional elements, and that the paper describes the design, features, and various embodiments of the system. All of this information is present in the provided context, making the response a valid inference.",
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} | false | The response accurately summarizes the information provided in the context. It captures the essence of the fastening system for functional elements in the sanitary sector, including the support element with a spigot-shaped element and latch element, the functional elements with a tubular element and recess, and the guide webs for alignment and security against rotation. The response also correctly notes that the system allows for easy coupling and replacement of functional elements, and that the paper describes the design, features, and various embodiments of the system. All of this information is present in the provided context, making the response a valid inference. | 0 | {
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CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation in part of Ser. No. 409,180, filed Aug. 18, 1982, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,483,851.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to novel compositions and their use in epidermal burns, and more particulary to novel compositions useful for the treatment of epidermal muscous membranes and muscular burns and wounds or lesions in animals and humans by topical and infusion application of the composition.
BACKGROUND
There is disclosed in my parent application, Ser. No. 409,180, filed Aug. 18, 1982, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,483,851, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference, a composition for topically relating equine metritis comprising the following formulation in water in a concentration of about 40 to 60 weight percent:
______________________________________Ingredient Parts by Weight______________________________________Dextrose 2.0..0.-3.0..0.Buffering Mixture 4.0.-11.0.Carrier 8.0.-11.0.______________________________________
These compositions are applied topically to the external genitalia of both male and female horses affected with contagious equine metritis. In several trials the composition was found to be 100% effective in curing the diseases if used on two successive days. By comparison, antibiotics used in the prior art had to be used at least five days to be effective, and then were not 100% effective.
It has now been discovered that this and related compositions are broadly effective in treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infected burn patients and infected skin and muscle wounds. When the composition of the invention is applied to skin burns or wounds, it provides dramatic relief of pain, and dramatically accelerates the healing process.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is accordingly one object of the present invention to provide a novel antibacterial composition.
A further object of the invention is to provide novel compositions and methods for the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections.
A still further object of the present invention is to provide a topical composition and methods for its use in the treatment of topical conditions such as burns, blisters and infections.
An even further object of this invention is to provide a method for treating Pseudomonas infected epidermal and muscular burns and wounds.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art as the description thereof proceeds.
In satisfaction of the foregoing objects and advantages there is provided by this invention an antibacterial and antifungal composition for the treatment of epidermal and muscular burns and wounds, which composition comprises an aqueous solution of dextrose or dextrose metabolite, a buffering mixture of weak organic acids and alkali metal salts of weak organic acids, and a carrier, the composition being characterized as a viscous solution having a pH varying from 3.0 to 6.5 depending on lesion type. Also provided by the present invention is a method for application of this composition to epidermal burns and wounds, particularly those infected with Pseudomonas, which comprises topically applying the composition to the affected area.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As pointed out above, the present invention is concerned with novel compositions and a method for the treatment of epidermal burns and wounds, particularly those infected with Pseudomonas. The composition inhibits growth of the pseudomonas on the injured area, and promotes healing in burns and wounds. The composition of the present invention in its broadest embodiment comprises an aqueous solution of dextrose or dextrose metabolite, a buffering mixture of weak organic acids and/or alkali metal salts of weak organic acids, and a carrier, the solution being characterized as a relatively viscous solution having a pH ranging from about 3.0 to 6.5.
The most preferred composition may be characterized as containing the following formulation per liter of solution:
______________________________________Ingredient Parts by Weight______________________________________Dextrose 5.0.-5.0..0.Buffering Mixture 5-2.0..0.Carrier 5.0.-15.0.______________________________________
This composition also contains about 600 to 1200 parts of water, and optionally about 5 to 100 parts of an alkali metal salt of acetic acid. Preferably, the composition contains citric acid and an alkali metal salt of citric acid as important buffering components.
The dextrose component of the composition is dextrose or a dextrose metabolite which is effective to provide antibacterial and antifungal properties to the composition when used in admixture with the other components. Thus the dextrose or equivalent material is an important component in the composition.
The buffering mixture is also an important ingredient of the composition. A sufficient amount of buffer should be present to provide a resulting solution having a pH of about 3.0 to 6.5, most preferably in the range of 3.2 for antipruritic properties and 6.5 for wounds and burns. Any buffer or mixture of buffers can be used for this purpose although mixtures of weak organic acids and alkali metal salts of organic acids are especially preferred. The amount of buffering agent present is also important since the total solution should contain about 7 to 15 weight percent of buffering agent for a suitable composition.
The preferred buffering agents are polycarboxylic acids, phosphates, and the like which will provide the required pH range. The most preferred buffers, however, comprise a mixture of hydroxy polycarboxylic acids having about 3 to 8 carbon atoms and their alkali metal salts, or mixtures thereof. Preferred organic acids include citric acid, malic acid, tartronic acid, tartaric acid, and mixtures thereof as well as the sodium and potassium salts of these acids. A highly preferred buffering system comprises a mixture of citric acid and sodium citrate.
The composition optionally contains an alkali metal salt of acetic acid in an amount of about 1 to 4 parts by weight. The preferred alkali metal salt is sodium acetate, although any alkali metal salt of acetic acid may be used. The salt functions to increase the antifungal activity of the compound. This has also been shown to impart a longer shelf life to the composition. When the composition contains the alkali metal salt of acetic acid, the antifungal activity is improved so that it will not support the growth of bacteria or fungi.
It is also preferred that the resulting solution be a viscous solution to inhibit drainage from the infected organs after topical application. Thus, a carrier vehicle is included in the composition to increase the viscosity of the solution. Suitable carriers include polyalkylene glycols, methyl cellulose and the like. The preferred carrier vehicle is a lower polyalkylene glycol such as glycerine.
The carrier also provides the proper consistency to the composition so that the composition has sufficient viscosity for topical application. It also provides the necessary consistency to the solution so it can be used as a lubricant in the treatment of animals such as horses.
A preferred formulation of the invention comprises the following components per liter of solution:
______________________________________Ingredient Parts by Weight______________________________________Dextrose 5.0.-5.0..0.Hydroxy carboxylic acid 2.5 to 1.0..0.Alkali metal salt of 2.5 to 1.0..0.hydroxy carboxylic acidCarrier 5.0.-15.0.______________________________________
In a more preferred aspect of the invention, the composition would also contain an alkali metal salt of acetic acid in an amount of about 5 to 100 parts per liter of solution. Additionally, the remainder of the solution is preferably water.
The most preferred composition for use in the present invention comprises the following components:
______________________________________Ingredient Amount______________________________________Dextrose 5.0..0. gramsCitric acid 1.0..0. gramsSodium citrate 5.0. gramsGlycerine 1.0..0. ccSodium acetate 2.5 gramsDistilled water 9.0..0. cc______________________________________
The addition of sodium acetate in the most preferred embodiment increases the anti--fungal activity of the compound. The sodium acetate containing compound was shown to have longer shelf life than the same compound without sodium acetate, since it will not support the growth of bacteria or fungi.
The resulting composition is an aqueous solution with sufficient consistency to drain slowly. In use for treatment of contagious equine metritis, the composition is applied topically directly to the external genitalia of stallions and mares and preferably is used one time each day for at least two successive days. An effective amount is simply a thorough application of the viscous solution to the external genitalia manually. It has been found that this method will provide 100% effectiveness in curing horses of the contagious equine metritis organism-caused disease.
Although the composition was originally developed for treatment of contagious equine metritis, it has been found that the composition is also effective against Pseudomonas infections where the infection occurred on the external genitalia of the affected horses. This discovery led to the discovery of use of the composition of the invention for burn patients and patients with skin and muscle wounds infected with Pseudomonas bacterias, particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa. When the composition was applied to accidental skin burns, it not only gave dramatic relief of pain, but also prevented the blistering of the epidermis as well as dramatically accelerating wound healing. The same results were obtained in several cases with skin burns from sun, steam, heat, friction and grease.
The compound was also shown to accelerate the healing of contact (allergenic) dermatitis. When the compound was applied at the time of exposure to poison ivy, the skin lesions of poison ivy did not develop. When applied to early cases, the compound was shown to be antipruritic within a few minutes of application, and greatly accelerated the healing of the skin lesions. Similar relief and reduction of swelling was observed in cases of insect-induced skin reactions. The composition is also useful in healing burns caused by friction, chemical and heat.
In experiments involving skin and wound lesions of dogs, cats, cattle and horses, the composition of the invention was shown to greatly accelerate the healing of superficial and deep skin and muscle wounds. It not only prevented bacterial and fungal infections of the wound, but it dramatically hastened the healing of the wound and the new growth of skin thereover. In numerous cases of animal wounds involving cats, dogs, cattle and horses, the composition dramatically promoted complete wound healing after other "state of the art" medical treatments failed to produce satisfactory results.
Although the exact mechanism by which the composition works is not known, it was originally developed to enhance the normal bacteria flora of the skin to produce an anti-bacterial-like metabolite to inhibit the growth of the contagious equine metritis (CEM) organism. In addition to the production of the antibacterial metabolite, it appears that the rapid healing of wounds caused by the composition of the invention provides an environment that discourages the growth of pathogenic bacteria and fungi.
Further, the composition has other beneficial properties and functions, including anti-pruritic properties, reduction of tissue fluids in epidermal vesicles and wound lesions, increased circulation to wound lesions and inhibition of bacterial and fungal growth in wounds.
In preliminary tests on numerous cases of burns and naturally induced viral, bacterial, fungal, allergic and traumatic diseases of the eye, external ear, nose, oral mucosa, periodontal tissues, external genitalia, vagina, uterus, perianal and dermal tissue, and muscles affected with deep wound lesions, the composition was shown to dramatically accelerate the healing of lesions in the mucous membranes, epidermis, dermis and muscles. With the exception of neoplasia, the compound was effective on any type of lesion.
The following examples are to illustrate the invention, but the invention is not to be considered as limited thereto. In the examples and throughout the specification, parts are by weight unless otherwise indicated.
EXAMPLE 1
The following composition was prepared:
______________________________________Ingredient Parts by Weight______________________________________Dextrose 25.0. gramsCitric acid 5.0. gramsSodium citrate 25 gramsGlycerine 1.0..0. ccs.Water 4.0..0. ccs.______________________________________
The resulting composition was a viscous solution having a pH of 3.20.
To show the effectiveness of the compound on CEM, twenty horses were selected for testing. Each of the twenty horses was treated with a single treatment of the solution by manually applying topically directly to the external genitalia of the horses. From this test, 17 of the horses were found to be cured by the single treatment. The three horses which were not cured with the single treatment were then treated again with two successive treatments which were found to successfully cure the disease. Accordingly, in the field it is recommended that the disease be treated one time per day with application of the composition on at least two successive days.
EXAMPLE 2
The following composition is prepared:
______________________________________Ingredient Parts by Weight______________________________________Distilled water 9.0..0. cc.Glycerine 1.0..0. cc.Dextrose 5.0..0. gramsCitric acid 1.0..0. gramsSodium citrate 5.0. gramsSodium acetate 2.5 grams______________________________________
The resulting composition is a viscous solution having a pH of 3.0. The compound of the invention is topically applied to ten patients having second degree epidermal heat burns. In all ten cases, the patients experience dramatic relief of pain, and no blistering of the burn area occurs. Further, the healing time of the burn is dramatically accelerated. In addition, none of the patients develop Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in the area of the burn. Similar results are obtained in cases where the skin burns are caused from sun, steam, friction and grease.
The invention has been described herein with reference to certain preferred embodiments. However, as obvious variations thereon will become apparent to those skilled in the art, the invention is not to be considered as limited thereto. | A composition is provided for the treatment of contagious equine metritis, a contagious venereal disease of horses. The composition appears to function as a biological inhibitor and has antibacterial and antifungal activity when applied to the normal flora and secretions of the epidermis and mucous membranes. Also, the composition has antipruritic and anti-inflammatory activity. The composition is efficacious in the treatment of lesions produced by bacteria, fungi, allergies, viruses, trauma, and burns to the epidermis, dermis, muscles and mucous membranes of the surface or in body cavities of animals and man.
The composition preferably comprises an aqueous solution of dextrose, citric acid and a buffering mixture of the salts of citric acid and acetic acid to provide an optional pH between 3.0 to 6.5 for various wound lesions. | This paper presents a continuation of a previous patent application, discussing the use of novel compositions for the treatment of epidermal burns, mucous membranes, and muscular burns and wounds in animals and humans. The compositions consist of an aqueous solution containing dextrose or dextrose metabolite, a buffering mixture of weak organic acids and alkali metal salts, and a carrier. The compositions have been found to be effective in treating Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in burn patients and skin and muscle wounds, providing pain relief and accelerating the healing process. The paper describes the formulation and preferred components of the compositions, as well as their application and effectiveness in various cases. The exact mechanism of action is not fully understood, but the compositions have shown antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-pruritic properties, along with other beneficial functions. | {
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"query": "Summarize the context",
"context": "CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS \n This application is a continuation in part of Ser. No. 409,180, filed Aug. 18, 1982, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,483,851. \n \n \n FIELD OF THE INVENTION \n This invention relates to novel compositions and their use in epidermal burns, and more particulary to novel compositions useful for the treatment of epidermal muscous membranes and muscular burns and wounds or lesions in animals and humans by topical and infusion application of the composition. \n BACKGROUND \n There is disclosed in my parent application, Ser. No. 409,180, filed Aug. 18, 1982, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,483,851, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference, a composition for topically relating equine metritis comprising the following formulation in water in a concentration of about 40 to 60 weight percent: \n \n ______________________________________Ingredient Parts by Weight______________________________________Dextrose 2.0..0.-3.0..0.Buffering Mixture 4.0.-11.0.Carrier 8.0.-11.0.______________________________________ \n \n These compositions are applied topically to the external genitalia of both male and female horses affected with contagious equine metritis. In several trials the composition was found to be 100% effective in curing the diseases if used on two successive days. By comparison, antibiotics used in the prior art had to be used at least five days to be effective, and then were not 100% effective. \n It has now been discovered that this and related compositions are broadly effective in treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infected burn patients and infected skin and muscle wounds. When the composition of the invention is applied to skin burns or wounds, it provides dramatic relief of pain, and dramatically accelerates the healing process. \n SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION \n It is accordingly one object of the present invention to provide a novel antibacterial composition. \n A further object of the invention is to provide novel compositions and methods for the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections. \n A still further object of the present invention is to provide a topical composition and methods for its use in the treatment of topical conditions such as burns, blisters and infections. \n An even further object of this invention is to provide a method for treating Pseudomonas infected epidermal and muscular burns and wounds. \n Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art as the description thereof proceeds. \n In satisfaction of the foregoing objects and advantages there is provided by this invention an antibacterial and antifungal composition for the treatment of epidermal and muscular burns and wounds, which composition comprises an aqueous solution of dextrose or dextrose metabolite, a buffering mixture of weak organic acids and alkali metal salts of weak organic acids, and a carrier, the composition being characterized as a viscous solution having a pH varying from 3.0 to 6.5 depending on lesion type. Also provided by the present invention is a method for application of this composition to epidermal burns and wounds, particularly those infected with Pseudomonas, which comprises topically applying the composition to the affected area. \n DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION \n As pointed out above, the present invention is concerned with novel compositions and a method for the treatment of epidermal burns and wounds, particularly those infected with Pseudomonas. The composition inhibits growth of the pseudomonas on the injured area, and promotes healing in burns and wounds. The composition of the present invention in its broadest embodiment comprises an aqueous solution of dextrose or dextrose metabolite, a buffering mixture of weak organic acids and/or alkali metal salts of weak organic acids, and a carrier, the solution being characterized as a relatively viscous solution having a pH ranging from about 3.0 to 6.5. \n The most preferred composition may be characterized as containing the following formulation per liter of solution: \n \n ______________________________________Ingredient Parts by Weight______________________________________Dextrose 5.0.-5.0..0.Buffering Mixture 5-2.0..0.Carrier 5.0.-15.0.______________________________________ \n \n This composition also contains about 600 to 1200 parts of water, and optionally about 5 to 100 parts of an alkali metal salt of acetic acid. Preferably, the composition contains citric acid and an alkali metal salt of citric acid as important buffering components. \n The dextrose component of the composition is dextrose or a dextrose metabolite which is effective to provide antibacterial and antifungal properties to the composition when used in admixture with the other components. Thus the dextrose or equivalent material is an important component in the composition. \n The buffering mixture is also an important ingredient of the composition. A sufficient amount of buffer should be present to provide a resulting solution having a pH of about 3.0 to 6.5, most preferably in the range of 3.2 for antipruritic properties and 6.5 for wounds and burns. Any buffer or mixture of buffers can be used for this purpose although mixtures of weak organic acids and alkali metal salts of organic acids are especially preferred. The amount of buffering agent present is also important since the total solution should contain about 7 to 15 weight percent of buffering agent for a suitable composition. \n The preferred buffering agents are polycarboxylic acids, phosphates, and the like which will provide the required pH range. The most preferred buffers, however, comprise a mixture of hydroxy polycarboxylic acids having about 3 to 8 carbon atoms and their alkali metal salts, or mixtures thereof. Preferred organic acids include citric acid, malic acid, tartronic acid, tartaric acid, and mixtures thereof as well as the sodium and potassium salts of these acids. A highly preferred buffering system comprises a mixture of citric acid and sodium citrate. \n The composition optionally contains an alkali metal salt of acetic acid in an amount of about 1 to 4 parts by weight. The preferred alkali metal salt is sodium acetate, although any alkali metal salt of acetic acid may be used. The salt functions to increase the antifungal activity of the compound. This has also been shown to impart a longer shelf life to the composition. When the composition contains the alkali metal salt of acetic acid, the antifungal activity is improved so that it will not support the growth of bacteria or fungi. \n It is also preferred that the resulting solution be a viscous solution to inhibit drainage from the infected organs after topical application. Thus, a carrier vehicle is included in the composition to increase the viscosity of the solution. Suitable carriers include polyalkylene glycols, methyl cellulose and the like. The preferred carrier vehicle is a lower polyalkylene glycol such as glycerine. \n The carrier also provides the proper consistency to the composition so that the composition has sufficient viscosity for topical application. It also provides the necessary consistency to the solution so it can be used as a lubricant in the treatment of animals such as horses. \n A preferred formulation of the invention comprises the following components per liter of solution: \n \n ______________________________________Ingredient Parts by Weight______________________________________Dextrose 5.0.-5.0..0.Hydroxy carboxylic acid 2.5 to 1.0..0.Alkali metal salt of 2.5 to 1.0..0.hydroxy carboxylic acidCarrier 5.0.-15.0.______________________________________ \n \n In a more preferred aspect of the invention, the composition would also contain an alkali metal salt of acetic acid in an amount of about 5 to 100 parts per liter of solution. Additionally, the remainder of the solution is preferably water. \n The most preferred composition for use in the present invention comprises the following components: \n \n ______________________________________Ingredient Amount______________________________________Dextrose 5.0..0. gramsCitric acid 1.0..0. gramsSodium citrate 5.0. gramsGlycerine 1.0..0. ccSodium acetate 2.5 gramsDistilled water 9.0..0. cc______________________________________ \n \n The addition of sodium acetate in the most preferred embodiment increases the anti--fungal activity of the compound. The sodium acetate containing compound was shown to have longer shelf life than the same compound without sodium acetate, since it will not support the growth of bacteria or fungi. \n The resulting composition is an aqueous solution with sufficient consistency to drain slowly. In use for treatment of contagious equine metritis, the composition is applied topically directly to the external genitalia of stallions and mares and preferably is used one time each day for at least two successive days. An effective amount is simply a thorough application of the viscous solution to the external genitalia manually. It has been found that this method will provide 100% effectiveness in curing horses of the contagious equine metritis organism-caused disease. \n Although the composition was originally developed for treatment of contagious equine metritis, it has been found that the composition is also effective against Pseudomonas infections where the infection occurred on the external genitalia of the affected horses. This discovery led to the discovery of use of the composition of the invention for burn patients and patients with skin and muscle wounds infected with Pseudomonas bacterias, particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa. When the composition was applied to accidental skin burns, it not only gave dramatic relief of pain, but also prevented the blistering of the epidermis as well as dramatically accelerating wound healing. The same results were obtained in several cases with skin burns from sun, steam, heat, friction and grease. \n The compound was also shown to accelerate the healing of contact (allergenic) dermatitis. When the compound was applied at the time of exposure to poison ivy, the skin lesions of poison ivy did not develop. When applied to early cases, the compound was shown to be antipruritic within a few minutes of application, and greatly accelerated the healing of the skin lesions. Similar relief and reduction of swelling was observed in cases of insect-induced skin reactions. The composition is also useful in healing burns caused by friction, chemical and heat. \n In experiments involving skin and wound lesions of dogs, cats, cattle and horses, the composition of the invention was shown to greatly accelerate the healing of superficial and deep skin and muscle wounds. It not only prevented bacterial and fungal infections of the wound, but it dramatically hastened the healing of the wound and the new growth of skin thereover. In numerous cases of animal wounds involving cats, dogs, cattle and horses, the composition dramatically promoted complete wound healing after other "state of the art" medical treatments failed to produce satisfactory results. \n Although the exact mechanism by which the composition works is not known, it was originally developed to enhance the normal bacteria flora of the skin to produce an anti-bacterial-like metabolite to inhibit the growth of the contagious equine metritis (CEM) organism. In addition to the production of the antibacterial metabolite, it appears that the rapid healing of wounds caused by the composition of the invention provides an environment that discourages the growth of pathogenic bacteria and fungi. \n Further, the composition has other beneficial properties and functions, including anti-pruritic properties, reduction of tissue fluids in epidermal vesicles and wound lesions, increased circulation to wound lesions and inhibition of bacterial and fungal growth in wounds. \n In preliminary tests on numerous cases of burns and naturally induced viral, bacterial, fungal, allergic and traumatic diseases of the eye, external ear, nose, oral mucosa, periodontal tissues, external genitalia, vagina, uterus, perianal and dermal tissue, and muscles affected with deep wound lesions, the composition was shown to dramatically accelerate the healing of lesions in the mucous membranes, epidermis, dermis and muscles. With the exception of neoplasia, the compound was effective on any type of lesion. \n The following examples are to illustrate the invention, but the invention is not to be considered as limited thereto. In the examples and throughout the specification, parts are by weight unless otherwise indicated. \n \n \n EXAMPLE 1 \n The following composition was prepared: \n \n ______________________________________Ingredient Parts by Weight______________________________________Dextrose 25.0. gramsCitric acid 5.0. gramsSodium citrate 25 gramsGlycerine 1.0..0. ccs.Water 4.0..0. ccs.______________________________________ \n \n The resulting composition was a viscous solution having a pH of 3.20. \n To show the effectiveness of the compound on CEM, twenty horses were selected for testing. Each of the twenty horses was treated with a single treatment of the solution by manually applying topically directly to the external genitalia of the horses. From this test, 17 of the horses were found to be cured by the single treatment. The three horses which were not cured with the single treatment were then treated again with two successive treatments which were found to successfully cure the disease. Accordingly, in the field it is recommended that the disease be treated one time per day with application of the composition on at least two successive days. \n EXAMPLE 2 \n The following composition is prepared: \n \n ______________________________________Ingredient Parts by Weight______________________________________Distilled water 9.0..0. cc.Glycerine 1.0..0. cc.Dextrose 5.0..0. gramsCitric acid 1.0..0. gramsSodium citrate 5.0. gramsSodium acetate 2.5 grams______________________________________ \n \n The resulting composition is a viscous solution having a pH of 3.0. The compound of the invention is topically applied to ten patients having second degree epidermal heat burns. In all ten cases, the patients experience dramatic relief of pain, and no blistering of the burn area occurs. Further, the healing time of the burn is dramatically accelerated. In addition, none of the patients develop Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in the area of the burn. Similar results are obtained in cases where the skin burns are caused from sun, steam, friction and grease. \n The invention has been described herein with reference to certain preferred embodiments. However, as obvious variations thereon will become apparent to those skilled in the art, the invention is not to be considered as limited thereto.",
"response": "This paper presents a continuation of a previous patent application, discussing the use of novel compositions for the treatment of epidermal burns, mucous membranes, and muscular burns and wounds in animals and humans. The compositions consist of an aqueous solution containing dextrose or dextrose metabolite, a buffering mixture of weak organic acids and alkali metal salts, and a carrier. The compositions have been found to be effective in treating Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in burn patients and skin and muscle wounds, providing pain relief and accelerating the healing process. The paper describes the formulation and preferred components of the compositions, as well as their application and effectiveness in various cases. The exact mechanism of action is not fully understood, but the compositions have shown antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-pruritic properties, along with other beneficial functions."
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FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention generally relates to bras and more particularly to a strapless bra having independently adjustable dual torso straps.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Strapless bras are generally defined as bras that do not include any shoulder strap members. Strapless bras are generally worn so that women may wear clothing such as shirts or dresses with very thin shoulder straps (e.g., spaghetti straps) or no shoulder straps at all (e.g., off the shoulder shirts or dresses) while still having some support to the breasts.
[0003] Referring to FIG. 1 , a conventional strapless bra 10 has two cups. Each cup 12 typically contains an underwire member 14 to support each breast, or one underwire member that extends through both cups. Torso straps 16 a, 16 b, respectively, are typically sewn from each of the sides of the cups from the top to the bottom. These torso straps 16 a, 16 b, respectively, in the front are sewn to be the same length of the cups on each side, and become slightly narrower as they wrap around to the back where the user can then fasten each of the ends together. The torso straps 16 a, 16 b, respectively, are usually about 3 to 4 inches thick where connected to the cups and about 2 to 3 inches thick in the back, although this will vary depending on cup size. There are usually several (e.g. 3) clasps 18 connected to one end of the torso strap 16 a with a like number of hooks 20 or similar members on or near the end of the other torso strap 16 b to allow for fastening of the two torso straps 16 a, 16 b, respectively, together. These clasps/hooks 18 , 20 , respectively, are used to let the user adjust the bra according to how tight the user would like the bra to be. This bra type does support the breasts somewhat, but it very restricting as it can not easily adjust to various body types, especially in proximity to the torso.
[0004] Although there is an underwire member 14 to help support each breast, because the support is either on the bottom of each cup 12 or in the back where the bra fastens, there is no support on the top of the bra. As a result, the bra does not stay close to the skin and is constantly shifting downward. This leaves the breast vulnerable to undesirable movement, exposure, and discomfort.
[0005] Therefore, there exists a need for new and improved strapless bra, especially one that provides the requisite amount of support and allows for the fit to be adjustable to the user's particular figure, especially in proximity to the torso.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] In accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention, a bra is provided, comprising: (1) first and second cup members adapted to receive a breast; (2) an upper strap system coupled to an upper portion of each of the first and second cup members; and (3) a lower strap system coupled to a lower portion of each of the first and second cup members.
[0007] In accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention, a bra is provided, comprising: (1) first and second cup members adapted to receive a breast; (2) an upper strap system coupled to an upper portion of each of the first and second cup members, wherein the upper strap system includes first and second strap members selectively operable to couple to one another; and (3) a lower strap system coupled to a lower portion of each of the first and second cup members, wherein the lower strap system includes third and fourth strap members selectively operable to couple to one another.
[0008] In accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention, a bra is provided, comprising: (1) first and second cup members adapted to receive a breast; (2) an upper strap system coupled to an upper portion of each of the first and second cup members, wherein the upper strap system includes first and second strap members selectively operable to couple to one another; and (3) a lower strap system coupled to a lower portion of each of the first and second cup members, wherein the lower strap system includes third and fourth strap members selectively operable to couple to one another; wherein the upper strap system is selectively operable to conform to a first girth; wherein the lower strap system is selectively operable to conform to a second girth.
[0009] Further areas of applicability of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description provided hereinafter. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0010] The present invention will become more fully understood from the detailed description and the accompanying drawings, wherein:
[0011] FIG. 1 is a rear perspective view of a conventional strapless bra, in accordance with the prior art;
[0012] FIG. 2 is a rear perspective view of a strapless bra, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
[0013] FIG. 3 is a partial front elevational view of the strapless bra depicted in FIG. 2 , in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention;
[0014] FIG. 4 is a partial elevational view of a connection system for a strapless bra, in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention;
[0015] FIG. 5 is a partial front elevational view of a first alternative strapless bra, in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention; and
[0016] FIG. 6 is a partial front elevational view of a first alternative strapless bra, in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0017] The following description of the preferred embodiment(s) is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses.
[0018] Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3 , there is generally shown a strapless bra 100 , in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The bra 100 preferably includes two cup members 102 , 104 that are operable to receive a breast therein. In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, each cup member 102 , 104 , respectively, has an individual underwire member 106 , 108 , respectively, or, alternatively, one unitary underwire member that extends through both cup members 102 , 104 , respectively.
[0019] Generally, a typical women's figure is narrower (i.e., has a lesser torso girth) at the top of her breast area, than it is at the bottom of her breast area (i.e., has a greater torso girth) which causes the problems with conventional strapless bras, as previously described. Conversely, female athletes (e.g., bodybuilders, weightlifters, and the like) that have well-developed back and chest muscles, may find conventional strapless bras extremely confining and uncomfortable, especially around the top of her breast area, i.e., her upper torso area. With the present invention, the user can compensate for this difference in relative torso girths, regardless of whether the upper torso area (i.e., corresponding to the top of the breast area) has a lesser girth than the lower torso area (i.e., corresponding to the bottom of the breast area), or vice versa.
[0020] The present invention overcomes these problems by use of dual torso straps, including an upper torso strap system 110 and a lower torso strap system 112 . The upper torso strap system 110 preferably includes two upper torso strap members 114 , 116 , respectively, that are sewn or otherwise fastened to the upper portions 118 , 120 , respectively, of the cup members, 102 , 104 , respectively. The lower torso strap system 112 preferably includes two lower torso strap members 122 , 124 , respectively, that are sewn or otherwise fastened to the lower portions 126 , 128 , respectively, of the cup members, 102 , 104 , respectively. The respective strap members 114 , 116 , 122 , 124 , respectively, preferably remain the same size (e.g., height) from front (e.g., cup member) to back (e.g., the middle of the user's back), i.e., they do not significantly taper. By way of a non-limiting example, the approximate size (e.g., height) of each torso strap member is approximately 1 to 2 inches.
[0021] The end portions 130 , 132 , 134 , 136 , respectively, of the upper and lower torso strap members 114 , 116 , 122 , 124 , respectively, are selectively operable to be fastened together by any number of suitable methods, such as but not limited to hooks/loops, laces, VELCRO, and/or the like.
[0022] By way of a non-limiting example, with each of the strap systems 110 , 112 , respectively, being independent from each other, the upper torso strap system 110 can be tightened to a greater degree than the lower torso strap system 112 , or vice versa. By way of a non-limiting example, this can be achieved by any number of methods, such as but not limited to by placing more (or less but further spaced apart) clasps on the upper torso strap system 110 than on the bottom torso strap system 112 to allow for a tighter (or looser) fit, as shown in FIG. 4 .
[0023] As with the previously described embodiments, the upper torso strap system 200 includes first and second upper torso strap members 202 , 204 , respectively. Each of the ends 206 , 208 , respectively, of the upper torso strap members 202 , 204 , respectively, includes connection members, such as a hook member 210 or at least one loop member 212 . The loop members 212 may be provided in a relatively great number or may be spaced apart to provide a number of fastening options to the user. Although six loop members 212 are shown, it should be appreciated that either more than or less than this number can be provided. Furthermore, although the loop members 212 are spaced relatively closely together, it should be appreciated that they can be further spaced apart than shown.
[0024] As with the previously described embodiments, the lower torso strap system 202 includes first and second lower torso strap members 214 , 216 , respectively. Each of the ends 218 , 220 , respectively, of the lower torso strap members 214 , 216 , respectively, includes connection members, such as a hook member 222 or at least one loop member 224 . The loop members 224 may be provided in a relatively great number or may be spaced apart to provide a number of fastening options to the user. Although three loop members 224 are shown, it should be appreciated that either more than or less than this number can be provided. Furthermore, although the loop members 224 are spaced relatively far apart, it should be appreciated that they can be more closely spaced together than shown.
[0025] Referring to FIG. 5 , in order to provide even more support to the strapless bra of the present invention, two additional underwire members 300 , 302 , respectively, can be provided to the bra 304 , e.g., wherein the respective underwire members 300 , 302 , respectively, are located along the top portions of each of the cup members 306 , 308 , respectively, and the other underwire members 310 , 312 , respectively, are located along the bottom portion of the cup members 306 , 308 , respectively.
[0026] Referring to FIG. 6 , in order to provide even more support to the strapless bra of the present invention, a single unitary underwire member 400 can be provided to the bra 402 , e.g., wherein the underwire member 400 is located along the top portions of each of the cup members 404 , 406 , respectively, and the other underwire members 408 , 410 , respectively, are located along the bottom portion of the cup members 404 , 406 , respectively.
[0027] The present invention will allow the strapless bra of the present invention to be better adjusted according to the particular shape of a woman's figure. For example, the front area of the bra will fit tighter to the skin, giving the breast fuller support. The user should also notice better support of the bra on the top and bottom portions of the bra, wherein conventional strapless bras only provide support through the underwire members. The strapless bra of the present invention will enable a woman to feel more comfortable, move about more freely, and not feel restricted. Furthermore, the support in the strapless bra of the present invention will enable the bra to stay in place and not shift downwardly, as conventional strapless bras are prone to do. This feature will also improve the look of the clothing that is worn on top of the strapless bra of the present invention. Additionally, it should be appreciated that the underlying principles of the strapless bra of the present invention can easily be applied to other clothing items, such as but not limited to bikini tops and/or the like.
[0028] The description of the invention is merely exemplary in nature and, thus, variations that do not depart from the gist of the invention are intended to be within the scope of the invention. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention. | A strapless bra includes an upper strap system coupled to an upper portion of each of first and second cup members, wherein the upper strap system includes first and second strap members selectively operable to couple to one another, and a lower strap system coupled to a lower portion of each of the first and second cup members, wherein the lower strap system includes third and fourth strap members selectively operable to couple to one another. The upper strap system is selectively operable to conform to a first girth and the lower strap system is selectively operable to conform to a second girth. The first and second girths can be unequal. | This paper presents a new and improved strapless bra design that addresses the limitations of conventional strapless bras. The proposed bra features independently adjustable dual torso straps, providing a customizable fit for different body types. The bra includes two cup members with individual underwire support, and an upper and lower strap system. The upper and lower torso strap systems are independently adjustable and can be fastened together using various methods. This design allows for better support and ensures that the bra stays in place, reducing discomfort and unwanted movement. The proposed strapless bra design is not limited to bras alone and can be applied to other clothing items such as bikini tops. Overall, this innovative design offers improved comfort, support, and adjustability compared to traditional strapless bras. | {
"name": "Irftc",
"display_name": "Faithfulness",
"data": {
"query": "Summarize the context",
"context": "FIELD OF THE INVENTION \n [0001] The present invention generally relates to bras and more particularly to a strapless bra having independently adjustable dual torso straps. \n BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION \n [0002] Strapless bras are generally defined as bras that do not include any shoulder strap members. Strapless bras are generally worn so that women may wear clothing such as shirts or dresses with very thin shoulder straps (e.g., spaghetti straps) or no shoulder straps at all (e.g., off the shoulder shirts or dresses) while still having some support to the breasts. \n [0003] Referring to FIG. 1 , a conventional strapless bra 10 has two cups. Each cup 12 typically contains an underwire member 14 to support each breast, or one underwire member that extends through both cups. Torso straps 16 a, 16 b, respectively, are typically sewn from each of the sides of the cups from the top to the bottom. These torso straps 16 a, 16 b, respectively, in the front are sewn to be the same length of the cups on each side, and become slightly narrower as they wrap around to the back where the user can then fasten each of the ends together. The torso straps 16 a, 16 b, respectively, are usually about 3 to 4 inches thick where connected to the cups and about 2 to 3 inches thick in the back, although this will vary depending on cup size. There are usually several (e.g. 3) clasps 18 connected to one end of the torso strap 16 a with a like number of hooks 20 or similar members on or near the end of the other torso strap 16 b to allow for fastening of the two torso straps 16 a, 16 b, respectively, together. These clasps/hooks 18 , 20 , respectively, are used to let the user adjust the bra according to how tight the user would like the bra to be. This bra type does support the breasts somewhat, but it very restricting as it can not easily adjust to various body types, especially in proximity to the torso. \n [0004] Although there is an underwire member 14 to help support each breast, because the support is either on the bottom of each cup 12 or in the back where the bra fastens, there is no support on the top of the bra. As a result, the bra does not stay close to the skin and is constantly shifting downward. This leaves the breast vulnerable to undesirable movement, exposure, and discomfort. \n [0005] Therefore, there exists a need for new and improved strapless bra, especially one that provides the requisite amount of support and allows for the fit to be adjustable to the user's particular figure, especially in proximity to the torso. \n SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION \n [0006] In accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention, a bra is provided, comprising: (1) first and second cup members adapted to receive a breast; (2) an upper strap system coupled to an upper portion of each of the first and second cup members; and (3) a lower strap system coupled to a lower portion of each of the first and second cup members. \n [0007] In accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention, a bra is provided, comprising: (1) first and second cup members adapted to receive a breast; (2) an upper strap system coupled to an upper portion of each of the first and second cup members, wherein the upper strap system includes first and second strap members selectively operable to couple to one another; and (3) a lower strap system coupled to a lower portion of each of the first and second cup members, wherein the lower strap system includes third and fourth strap members selectively operable to couple to one another. \n [0008] In accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention, a bra is provided, comprising: (1) first and second cup members adapted to receive a breast; (2) an upper strap system coupled to an upper portion of each of the first and second cup members, wherein the upper strap system includes first and second strap members selectively operable to couple to one another; and (3) a lower strap system coupled to a lower portion of each of the first and second cup members, wherein the lower strap system includes third and fourth strap members selectively operable to couple to one another; wherein the upper strap system is selectively operable to conform to a first girth; wherein the lower strap system is selectively operable to conform to a second girth. \n [0009] Further areas of applicability of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description provided hereinafter. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. \n \n \n BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS \n [0010] The present invention will become more fully understood from the detailed description and the accompanying drawings, wherein: \n [0011] FIG. 1 is a rear perspective view of a conventional strapless bra, in accordance with the prior art; \n [0012] FIG. 2 is a rear perspective view of a strapless bra, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; \n [0013] FIG. 3 is a partial front elevational view of the strapless bra depicted in FIG. 2 , in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention; \n [0014] FIG. 4 is a partial elevational view of a connection system for a strapless bra, in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention; \n [0015] FIG. 5 is a partial front elevational view of a first alternative strapless bra, in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention; and \n [0016] FIG. 6 is a partial front elevational view of a first alternative strapless bra, in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the present invention. \n \n \n DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS \n [0017] The following description of the preferred embodiment(s) is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. \n [0018] Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3 , there is generally shown a strapless bra 100 , in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The bra 100 preferably includes two cup members 102 , 104 that are operable to receive a breast therein. In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, each cup member 102 , 104 , respectively, has an individual underwire member 106 , 108 , respectively, or, alternatively, one unitary underwire member that extends through both cup members 102 , 104 , respectively. \n [0019] Generally, a typical women's figure is narrower (i.e., has a lesser torso girth) at the top of her breast area, than it is at the bottom of her breast area (i.e., has a greater torso girth) which causes the problems with conventional strapless bras, as previously described. Conversely, female athletes (e.g., bodybuilders, weightlifters, and the like) that have well-developed back and chest muscles, may find conventional strapless bras extremely confining and uncomfortable, especially around the top of her breast area, i.e., her upper torso area. With the present invention, the user can compensate for this difference in relative torso girths, regardless of whether the upper torso area (i.e., corresponding to the top of the breast area) has a lesser girth than the lower torso area (i.e., corresponding to the bottom of the breast area), or vice versa. \n [0020] The present invention overcomes these problems by use of dual torso straps, including an upper torso strap system 110 and a lower torso strap system 112 . The upper torso strap system 110 preferably includes two upper torso strap members 114 , 116 , respectively, that are sewn or otherwise fastened to the upper portions 118 , 120 , respectively, of the cup members, 102 , 104 , respectively. The lower torso strap system 112 preferably includes two lower torso strap members 122 , 124 , respectively, that are sewn or otherwise fastened to the lower portions 126 , 128 , respectively, of the cup members, 102 , 104 , respectively. The respective strap members 114 , 116 , 122 , 124 , respectively, preferably remain the same size (e.g., height) from front (e.g., cup member) to back (e.g., the middle of the user's back), i.e., they do not significantly taper. By way of a non-limiting example, the approximate size (e.g., height) of each torso strap member is approximately 1 to 2 inches. \n [0021] The end portions 130 , 132 , 134 , 136 , respectively, of the upper and lower torso strap members 114 , 116 , 122 , 124 , respectively, are selectively operable to be fastened together by any number of suitable methods, such as but not limited to hooks/loops, laces, VELCRO, and/or the like. \n [0022] By way of a non-limiting example, with each of the strap systems 110 , 112 , respectively, being independent from each other, the upper torso strap system 110 can be tightened to a greater degree than the lower torso strap system 112 , or vice versa. By way of a non-limiting example, this can be achieved by any number of methods, such as but not limited to by placing more (or less but further spaced apart) clasps on the upper torso strap system 110 than on the bottom torso strap system 112 to allow for a tighter (or looser) fit, as shown in FIG. 4 . \n [0023] As with the previously described embodiments, the upper torso strap system 200 includes first and second upper torso strap members 202 , 204 , respectively. Each of the ends 206 , 208 , respectively, of the upper torso strap members 202 , 204 , respectively, includes connection members, such as a hook member 210 or at least one loop member 212 . The loop members 212 may be provided in a relatively great number or may be spaced apart to provide a number of fastening options to the user. Although six loop members 212 are shown, it should be appreciated that either more than or less than this number can be provided. Furthermore, although the loop members 212 are spaced relatively closely together, it should be appreciated that they can be further spaced apart than shown. \n [0024] As with the previously described embodiments, the lower torso strap system 202 includes first and second lower torso strap members 214 , 216 , respectively. Each of the ends 218 , 220 , respectively, of the lower torso strap members 214 , 216 , respectively, includes connection members, such as a hook member 222 or at least one loop member 224 . The loop members 224 may be provided in a relatively great number or may be spaced apart to provide a number of fastening options to the user. Although three loop members 224 are shown, it should be appreciated that either more than or less than this number can be provided. Furthermore, although the loop members 224 are spaced relatively far apart, it should be appreciated that they can be more closely spaced together than shown. \n [0025] Referring to FIG. 5 , in order to provide even more support to the strapless bra of the present invention, two additional underwire members 300 , 302 , respectively, can be provided to the bra 304 , e.g., wherein the respective underwire members 300 , 302 , respectively, are located along the top portions of each of the cup members 306 , 308 , respectively, and the other underwire members 310 , 312 , respectively, are located along the bottom portion of the cup members 306 , 308 , respectively. \n [0026] Referring to FIG. 6 , in order to provide even more support to the strapless bra of the present invention, a single unitary underwire member 400 can be provided to the bra 402 , e.g., wherein the underwire member 400 is located along the top portions of each of the cup members 404 , 406 , respectively, and the other underwire members 408 , 410 , respectively, are located along the bottom portion of the cup members 404 , 406 , respectively. \n [0027] The present invention will allow the strapless bra of the present invention to be better adjusted according to the particular shape of a woman's figure. For example, the front area of the bra will fit tighter to the skin, giving the breast fuller support. The user should also notice better support of the bra on the top and bottom portions of the bra, wherein conventional strapless bras only provide support through the underwire members. The strapless bra of the present invention will enable a woman to feel more comfortable, move about more freely, and not feel restricted. Furthermore, the support in the strapless bra of the present invention will enable the bra to stay in place and not shift downwardly, as conventional strapless bras are prone to do. This feature will also improve the look of the clothing that is worn on top of the strapless bra of the present invention. Additionally, it should be appreciated that the underlying principles of the strapless bra of the present invention can easily be applied to other clothing items, such as but not limited to bikini tops and/or the like. \n [0028] The description of the invention is merely exemplary in nature and, thus, variations that do not depart from the gist of the invention are intended to be within the scope of the invention. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention.",
"response": "This paper presents a new and improved strapless bra design that addresses the limitations of conventional strapless bras. The proposed bra features independently adjustable dual torso straps, providing a customizable fit for different body types. The bra includes two cup members with individual underwire support, and an upper and lower strap system. The upper and lower torso strap systems are independently adjustable and can be fastened together using various methods. This design allows for better support and ensures that the bra stays in place, reducing discomfort and unwanted movement. The proposed strapless bra design is not limited to bras alone and can be applied to other clothing items such as bikini tops. Overall, this innovative design offers improved comfort, support, and adjustability compared to traditional strapless bras."
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FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The instant invention relates to drug delivery bags and, more specifically, to I.V. bags.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The general I.V. bag is well known in the art Such a bag has an envelope which contains a fluid. This fluid either contains a medicament or the bag is arranged to allow a medicament to be added to the fluid contained within the bag. These bags come equipped either with septa or some other docking means so as to allow a line set to be attached. To prevent air infiltration of the patient, the line set must then be purged or primed. Furthermore, after the medicament has been delivered to the patient, the line set must be flushed or purged before an additional or different medicament can be added. This is a time consuming procedure and, in this time of rising costs, any gain in efficiency of the staff is welcome.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,307,549 to Zackheim discloses an enema bag which has an extended fluid chamber serving as an enema tube. This device does not contemplate either a fluid reservoir and extensible line set formed from two webs or a peelably releasable set as disclosed in the instant invention.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,466,322 to Munsch describes an elongate plastic member, or tube, which is fused to an adjacent member and is subsequently peelable from an adjoining member. The invention does not, however, disclose a bag and line set formed integral as in the instant invention.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The instant invention contemplates a fluid delivery bag having a prefilled line set formed integral with the bag in use, in the first embodiment thereof, the invention would be arranged for delivery of the fluid contained therein and the integral line set would be peelably released from the associated web. A suitable fluid communication device would be attached to the fitment resident at the distal end thereof so as to place the bag in fluid communication with the patient
In the second embodiment of the instant invention a plurality of co-formed bags are used wherein a first bag contains a fluid and a second bag is initially empty. The bags are connected by an integrally formed y-shaped line set thereby placing both bags in alternate fluid communication with a single delivery tube wherein the delivery tube has associated therewith a fitment. The most common use of a dual bag or multi-bag arrangement being continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis wherein the first bag would contain a dialyzing fluid and the second bag would be used to hold used dialyzing fluid.
Therefore, it is a primary object of the invention to provide for a fluid delivery bag with an integral line set.
It is a further object of the invention to provide for a fluid delivery bag and line set combination which is pre-filled with fluid.
It is another object of the invention to provide for a bag and line set which is co-disposable.
It is a further object of the invention to provide for the elimination of the necessity of purging the line set of medicament.
It is a further object of the instant invention to allow for a bag and line set to be co-formed in a single operation.
In an embodiment, it is a further object of the invention to provide a mixing chamber for adding a medicament to a diluent fluid wherein the mixing chamber is integral with the delivery line.
In an embodiment it is a primary object of the instant invention to provide for a co-formed bag set operative to alternately deliver and receive fluid from a patient.
These, and other objects of the instant invention, will become obvious in the detailed description of the preferred embodiments and claims appended hereto.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a plan view of the novel bag.
is FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the novel bag with the integral inset deployed and the bag hanging in the preferred orientation for delivery of a fluid.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the drug introducer.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the introducer with a medicament bottle affixed.
FIG. 5 is a plan view of the novel bag in the pre-filled embodiment thereof.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the line set
FIG. 7 is a plan view of the dual bag embodiment of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
As shown in FIG. 1, an assembly 1 is disclosed which is formed of a plurality of polymeric sheets or sheet webs 10 and 12 wherein the sheets can be of a polyvinylchloride, polyolefin or other flexible, liquid-tight, and biocompatible material.
The sheets are formed into a reservoir 20 capable of containing a medicament or a suitable diluent or other fluid. Reservoir 20 is defined by a plurality of welded seals 22, 24, 26, and 28 wherein the seals are operative to separate the reservoir 20 from the rest of the bag assembly 1.
Seals 22, 24, 26, and 28 are preferentially made by radio-frequency welding, but may be made by any other suitable process for making parenteral fluid delivery bags. The reservoir is further defined by a peripheral seal 30 which is formed about the outer edge of the bag assembly 1 and is operative to enclose the outer edges of reservoir 20 in cooperation with seals 22, 24, 26 and 28.
The perimeter seal 30 also defines, in cooperation with the first upper reservoir seal 24 and the second upper reservoir seal 28, a first hanging aperture 32 and a second hanging aperture 34 which are operative to engage a bag hanger 200, as shown in FIG. 2, thereby orienting the bag assembly 1 correctly for administration of the fluid or medicament contained in, or introduced to, reservoir 20.
Line set 40 is formed integral or unitary with reservoir 20 and bag assembly 1, and is in fluid communication with reservoir 20 via port 41. The integral line set 40 is co-formed with bag 1 and is releasably attached thereto by a tearable seal 50. To deploy the line set 40, an operator, such as a nurse, would grasp the distal end 78 of the line set 40 and draw the distal end 78 away from the bag assembly 1, thereby releasing the tear seal 50 of the line set 40 and drawing the line set 40 out of the line set aperture 42 defined by the bag web 60 to which the line set 40 is attached via tear seal 50.
In the pictured embodiment, line set 40 is spiral wound within web 60, and displays a continuous spiral tear seal 50. The instant invention contemplates a variety of line set layouts within web 60, including, but not limited to, sinusoidal or folded s-shaped arrangements when the line set 40 is undeployed.
Line set 40 is composed of a first envelope section 40A and a second envelope section 40B. In this embodiment the envelope sections are formed from sheets 10 and 12, out of which the rest of the bag assembly 1 is also formed.
In an embodiment, line set 40, consisting of envelopes 40A and 40B, is formed by sealing the first envelope 40A to the second envelope 40B forming fluid seal 52. Exterior to the fluid seal 52 is tear seal 50 as aforedescribed, thereby allowing deployment of line set 40 whilst maintaining integrity of the line set 40.
The distal end or terminus 79 of the line set 40 is fused or otherwise connected to an appropriate connector or fitment 80 which may be a septum, or luer fitting, or frangible connector, or some other connector or combination thereof suitable for intravenous delivery of fluids. Additionally, line set 40 is filled with fluid also resident in chamber 20, thereby eliminating the necessity of purging the line set of air as aforementioned.
Associated with the chamber 20, and in fluid communication therewith, is a fill port 85 through which fluid is introduced into the chamber 20. Fill port 85 is subsequently sealed by plug 88, thereby closing off port 85 and fill tube 87. Alternatively, and preferred, the line set 40 may be used as a fill port prior to connecting the appropriate connector 80 to the line set 40. In an embodiment herein preferred, also associated with chamber 10, is a medicament introduction port 110 which is attached to bag 1 at support ring 100. Support ring 100 is formed with the rest of bag 1 and is operative to support introduction port 110 in a suitable position for administering a medicament from another container into chamber 20. In the preferred embodiment, introduction port 110 is a spike connector, wherein the spike connector 110 has a connector cup 112 in contact with support ring 100 and a cup bottom 114, the exterior side of which is in contact with the interior of chamber 20. Also associated with connector 110 is an interior spike 130, said spike 130 being in fluid communication with chamber 20 subsequent to opening frangible plug 132.
In operation, protective film 120 is removed exposing spike connector 130. A suitable medicament containing vial 136 is impaled on spike connector 130. Then frangible 132 is broken, allowing fluid communication between chamber 10 and the medicament containing vial 136, allowing the medicament in vial 136 to be introduced to a patient via line set 40.
In the alternate embodiment of the invention a first fluid containing bag 200 has wrapped therearound a substantially helically wound line set 210 which is in fluid communication with the bag 200 by means of a fluid orifice 212. The line set 210 joins a second drainage line set 214 at a wye-junction 216 wherein the second leg of the wye 218 is integral with a drainage line 220 which is helically wound about drainage bag 222 and is formed integral therewith. Drainage line 220 is in fluid communication with drainage bag 222 by means of a drain orifice 224 at the proximal end 226 of the drain line 220.
The base of wye-junction 216 defines a common delivery and drain line 228, the distal end of which comprises an appropriate fitment 230. Inserted within the delivery line 220 and the drain line 228 are frangible plugs 232, 234 which are operative to provide a uni-directional flow of fluid from the delivery bag 200 to the patient and subsequently from the patient into drain bag 222.
In operation in this embodiment of the invention an operator would deploy both the delivery line 220 and the drain line 228. The operator would then break the delivery line frangible plug after connecting the fitment to the patient thereby allowing fluid to flow from the delivery bag 200 to the patient. When the delivery therapy is complete, the operator would then break frangible plug 234 which is associated with drain line 228 thereby allowing fluid to drain from the patient into the receiving or drain bag 222.
The aforewritten detailed description is illustrative of the preferred embodiment of the instant invention and is not meant to present limitations on the instant invention aside from those in the claims appended hereto. | A parenteral fluid delivery bag having a line set formed integral with the bag, the line set being peelably releasable from the remainder of the bag so as to assume a deployed position adapted to enter into fluid communication with a patient. In an alternate embodiment, a plurality of bags connected by an integrally formed wye-junction are adapted for delivery to a patient and retrieval of fluid from a patient. | This abstract summarizes a patent for a novel drug delivery bag design. The invention involves a fluid delivery bag with an integrated line set, eliminating the need for purging the line set of air. The bag can be pre-filled with fluid and the line set is peelably released from the bag for use. In another embodiment, multiple bags are connected by an integrated line set, allowing for alternating delivery and receipt of fluid. The invention aims to improve efficiency and reduce costs in the administration of medications. Detailed descriptions and drawings of the preferred embodiments are provided. | {
"name": "Irftc",
"display_name": "Faithfulness",
"data": {
"query": "Summarize the context",
"context": "FIELD OF THE INVENTION \n The instant invention relates to drug delivery bags and, more specifically, to I.V. bags. \n BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION \n The general I.V. bag is well known in the art Such a bag has an envelope which contains a fluid. This fluid either contains a medicament or the bag is arranged to allow a medicament to be added to the fluid contained within the bag. These bags come equipped either with septa or some other docking means so as to allow a line set to be attached. To prevent air infiltration of the patient, the line set must then be purged or primed. Furthermore, after the medicament has been delivered to the patient, the line set must be flushed or purged before an additional or different medicament can be added. This is a time consuming procedure and, in this time of rising costs, any gain in efficiency of the staff is welcome. \n U.S. Pat. No. 3,307,549 to Zackheim discloses an enema bag which has an extended fluid chamber serving as an enema tube. This device does not contemplate either a fluid reservoir and extensible line set formed from two webs or a peelably releasable set as disclosed in the instant invention. \n U.S. Pat. No. 5,466,322 to Munsch describes an elongate plastic member, or tube, which is fused to an adjacent member and is subsequently peelable from an adjoining member. The invention does not, however, disclose a bag and line set formed integral as in the instant invention. \n SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION \n The instant invention contemplates a fluid delivery bag having a prefilled line set formed integral with the bag in use, in the first embodiment thereof, the invention would be arranged for delivery of the fluid contained therein and the integral line set would be peelably released from the associated web. A suitable fluid communication device would be attached to the fitment resident at the distal end thereof so as to place the bag in fluid communication with the patient \n In the second embodiment of the instant invention a plurality of co-formed bags are used wherein a first bag contains a fluid and a second bag is initially empty. The bags are connected by an integrally formed y-shaped line set thereby placing both bags in alternate fluid communication with a single delivery tube wherein the delivery tube has associated therewith a fitment. The most common use of a dual bag or multi-bag arrangement being continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis wherein the first bag would contain a dialyzing fluid and the second bag would be used to hold used dialyzing fluid. \n Therefore, it is a primary object of the invention to provide for a fluid delivery bag with an integral line set. \n It is a further object of the invention to provide for a fluid delivery bag and line set combination which is pre-filled with fluid. \n It is another object of the invention to provide for a bag and line set which is co-disposable. \n It is a further object of the invention to provide for the elimination of the necessity of purging the line set of medicament. \n It is a further object of the instant invention to allow for a bag and line set to be co-formed in a single operation. \n In an embodiment, it is a further object of the invention to provide a mixing chamber for adding a medicament to a diluent fluid wherein the mixing chamber is integral with the delivery line. \n In an embodiment it is a primary object of the instant invention to provide for a co-formed bag set operative to alternately deliver and receive fluid from a patient. \n These, and other objects of the instant invention, will become obvious in the detailed description of the preferred embodiments and claims appended hereto. \n \n \n BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS \n FIG. 1 is a plan view of the novel bag. \n is FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the novel bag with the integral inset deployed and the bag hanging in the preferred orientation for delivery of a fluid. \n FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the drug introducer. \n FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the introducer with a medicament bottle affixed. \n FIG. 5 is a plan view of the novel bag in the pre-filled embodiment thereof. \n FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the line set \n FIG. 7 is a plan view of the dual bag embodiment of the invention. \n \n \n DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS \n As shown in FIG. 1, an assembly 1 is disclosed which is formed of a plurality of polymeric sheets or sheet webs 10 and 12 wherein the sheets can be of a polyvinylchloride, polyolefin or other flexible, liquid-tight, and biocompatible material. \n The sheets are formed into a reservoir 20 capable of containing a medicament or a suitable diluent or other fluid. Reservoir 20 is defined by a plurality of welded seals 22, 24, 26, and 28 wherein the seals are operative to separate the reservoir 20 from the rest of the bag assembly 1. \n Seals 22, 24, 26, and 28 are preferentially made by radio-frequency welding, but may be made by any other suitable process for making parenteral fluid delivery bags. The reservoir is further defined by a peripheral seal 30 which is formed about the outer edge of the bag assembly 1 and is operative to enclose the outer edges of reservoir 20 in cooperation with seals 22, 24, 26 and 28. \n The perimeter seal 30 also defines, in cooperation with the first upper reservoir seal 24 and the second upper reservoir seal 28, a first hanging aperture 32 and a second hanging aperture 34 which are operative to engage a bag hanger 200, as shown in FIG. 2, thereby orienting the bag assembly 1 correctly for administration of the fluid or medicament contained in, or introduced to, reservoir 20. \n Line set 40 is formed integral or unitary with reservoir 20 and bag assembly 1, and is in fluid communication with reservoir 20 via port 41. The integral line set 40 is co-formed with bag 1 and is releasably attached thereto by a tearable seal 50. To deploy the line set 40, an operator, such as a nurse, would grasp the distal end 78 of the line set 40 and draw the distal end 78 away from the bag assembly 1, thereby releasing the tear seal 50 of the line set 40 and drawing the line set 40 out of the line set aperture 42 defined by the bag web 60 to which the line set 40 is attached via tear seal 50. \n In the pictured embodiment, line set 40 is spiral wound within web 60, and displays a continuous spiral tear seal 50. The instant invention contemplates a variety of line set layouts within web 60, including, but not limited to, sinusoidal or folded s-shaped arrangements when the line set 40 is undeployed. \n Line set 40 is composed of a first envelope section 40A and a second envelope section 40B. In this embodiment the envelope sections are formed from sheets 10 and 12, out of which the rest of the bag assembly 1 is also formed. \n In an embodiment, line set 40, consisting of envelopes 40A and 40B, is formed by sealing the first envelope 40A to the second envelope 40B forming fluid seal 52. Exterior to the fluid seal 52 is tear seal 50 as aforedescribed, thereby allowing deployment of line set 40 whilst maintaining integrity of the line set 40. \n The distal end or terminus 79 of the line set 40 is fused or otherwise connected to an appropriate connector or fitment 80 which may be a septum, or luer fitting, or frangible connector, or some other connector or combination thereof suitable for intravenous delivery of fluids. Additionally, line set 40 is filled with fluid also resident in chamber 20, thereby eliminating the necessity of purging the line set of air as aforementioned. \n Associated with the chamber 20, and in fluid communication therewith, is a fill port 85 through which fluid is introduced into the chamber 20. Fill port 85 is subsequently sealed by plug 88, thereby closing off port 85 and fill tube 87. Alternatively, and preferred, the line set 40 may be used as a fill port prior to connecting the appropriate connector 80 to the line set 40. In an embodiment herein preferred, also associated with chamber 10, is a medicament introduction port 110 which is attached to bag 1 at support ring 100. Support ring 100 is formed with the rest of bag 1 and is operative to support introduction port 110 in a suitable position for administering a medicament from another container into chamber 20. In the preferred embodiment, introduction port 110 is a spike connector, wherein the spike connector 110 has a connector cup 112 in contact with support ring 100 and a cup bottom 114, the exterior side of which is in contact with the interior of chamber 20. Also associated with connector 110 is an interior spike 130, said spike 130 being in fluid communication with chamber 20 subsequent to opening frangible plug 132. \n In operation, protective film 120 is removed exposing spike connector 130. A suitable medicament containing vial 136 is impaled on spike connector 130. Then frangible 132 is broken, allowing fluid communication between chamber 10 and the medicament containing vial 136, allowing the medicament in vial 136 to be introduced to a patient via line set 40. \n In the alternate embodiment of the invention a first fluid containing bag 200 has wrapped therearound a substantially helically wound line set 210 which is in fluid communication with the bag 200 by means of a fluid orifice 212. The line set 210 joins a second drainage line set 214 at a wye-junction 216 wherein the second leg of the wye 218 is integral with a drainage line 220 which is helically wound about drainage bag 222 and is formed integral therewith. Drainage line 220 is in fluid communication with drainage bag 222 by means of a drain orifice 224 at the proximal end 226 of the drain line 220. \n The base of wye-junction 216 defines a common delivery and drain line 228, the distal end of which comprises an appropriate fitment 230. Inserted within the delivery line 220 and the drain line 228 are frangible plugs 232, 234 which are operative to provide a uni-directional flow of fluid from the delivery bag 200 to the patient and subsequently from the patient into drain bag 222. \n In operation in this embodiment of the invention an operator would deploy both the delivery line 220 and the drain line 228. The operator would then break the delivery line frangible plug after connecting the fitment to the patient thereby allowing fluid to flow from the delivery bag 200 to the patient. When the delivery therapy is complete, the operator would then break frangible plug 234 which is associated with drain line 228 thereby allowing fluid to drain from the patient into the receiving or drain bag 222. \n The aforewritten detailed description is illustrative of the preferred embodiment of the instant invention and is not meant to present limitations on the instant invention aside from those in the claims appended hereto.",
"response": "This abstract summarizes a patent for a novel drug delivery bag design. The invention involves a fluid delivery bag with an integrated line set, eliminating the need for purging the line set of air. The bag can be pre-filled with fluid and the line set is peelably released from the bag for use. In another embodiment, multiple bags are connected by an integrated line set, allowing for alternating delivery and receipt of fluid. The invention aims to improve efficiency and reduce costs in the administration of medications. Detailed descriptions and drawings of the preferred embodiments are provided."
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SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention deals generally with education and instruction and more specifically with a mobile facility for instructing children in regard to fire safety in the home.
For one week every year, "Fire Safety Week", virtually every school student is exposed to fire safety information. Unfortunately, it is usually only "exposure", with very little instruction or experience to which the typical child can relate. The children draw posters, enter contests, and sometimes visit fire stations, but few children associate the information they receive with their own lives.
The danger to children from home fires is very real, and the difference between survival and death is often the difference between teaching a child what to do when there is a fire and doing nothing. Yet, there has been no facility available to teach children, particularly young children who learn best by experience rather than lecture, what to do when fire breaks out. This lack of an instructional facility is most probably do to cost as much as anything else, because it is clearly very costly to build or dedicate a building for teaching children fire safety by simulating the problems of fire in the home.
This problem has been overcome by the present invention which provides a mobile facility, transportable on standard highways without special permit, which can be located at one site for a short time and then moved for instruction elsewhere.
The present invention is a representation of a typical residence, portions of which are two level, mounted on a standard flat bed semi-trailer and scaled down to a size which appeals to small children. The structure includes representations of a kitchen with applicances, a living room, stairs between the lower and the upper levels and two bedrooms. Even its exterior is realistically designed so that children immediately associate it with their own homes.
An important aspect of the structure is the use throughout of the same type of devices which are found in most homes, so that children can actually interact with the structure, as they must be prepared to do in their own homes in case of fire. Therefore, the windows are of standard residential construction, and operate in the same manner as do standard residential windows. In fact, two types of operating windows, vertical sliding sash type and windows with hinges with crank operators, are included in the preferred embodiment of the invention.
Similarly, although the height of each level of the two level portion of the structure is lower than a standard room, the stair risers are of standard height because children must cope with that condition in their own homes. Standard residential type doors are provided in both normal and reduced heights to enable children who may have difficulty in using standard door on their own to, nevertheless, experience the procedures of proper escape during a fire.
Many devices within the structure are specifically related to teaching fire safety procedures. Particularly, there are operating smoke detectors of both the household and public area types, a strobe light fire alarm, an alarm pull station, sprinkler heads, a smoke generator which produces non-toxic smoke, and an operating intercom with a telephone handset in the kitchen which is interconnected with a second telephone within the on-board control room. The structure also includes a structurally sound small balcony, which, along with all interior floors of the structure, is capable of supporting both adult and child occupants and from which upper story escape procedures can be demonstrated and practiced.
The control room is of a height comfortable for an adult operator, at least six feet high, and is located so that the operator can visually observe all areas of the structure. The operator can manually control the smoke generator, a ventilating system capable of flushing smoke from the structure, all the smoke detectors and fire alarms, and can answer the instructional telephone.
The telephone system is particularly valuable for instruction, because it can be activated on either 911, the almost universal emergency number, or any other seven digit number for areas which do not use the 911 system. Thus, children can actually practice the use of emergency telephone procedures, and the response they receive from the control room operator can, of course, simulate the actual response they would receive in their area to such emergency telephone calls. Clearly, the actual presence of smoke can be used to make the emergency telephone use ultimately realistic, and thereby make it more likely that a child will react properly under actual emergency conditions.
However, the major use for the smoke generator on board the structure is to teach escape procedures in a realistic environment. The standard procedure of staying close to the floor and crawling out of the building can be taught in the presence of smoke, and because of the two story structure, escape instruction can realistically include moving down stairs. The conventional operation of windows and doors, which can be used for escape instruction, adds to both the realism and the association of the instruction to the children's own homes.
Therefore, because of the unique size, structure and arrangement of the various devices within the structure of the invention, the present invention permits large numbers of children at multiple locations to receive highly pertinent instruction on the fire safety and the fire escape procedures which should be used in their own homes.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a modified side elevation view of the preferred embodiment of the invention, with the side wall removed to facilitate viewing the interior.
FIG. 2 is a schematic drawing of the floor plan of the lower level of the preferred embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic drawing of the floor plan of the upper level of the preferred embodiment of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
FIG. 1 is a side elevation view of the preferred embodiment of the invention with the nearest side wall removed to facilitate viewing the interior, in which fire safety trailer 10 includes enclosed structure 12 mounted upon conventional flat bed trailer 14. Enclosed structure 12 is constructed so that it resembles a typical residential home both inside and outside, except for the reduced scale of certain portions of structure 12.
Triangular truss structures 16 are included along the top of structure 12 to strengthen structure 12 to permit the entire safety trailer to travel at highway speeds with no damage to structure 12 from the shock, vibration and wind forces generated by such travel. The triangular configuration of the trusses also permits the exterior design of structure 12 to include a conventional sloped roof configuration which adds to the representation of the structure as conventional residential housing, so that children may better relate the structure to their own homes.
Within structure 12 there are several rooms, arranged on two levels, 18 and 20, which continue the association of structure 12 to a typical home. Progressing from the front hitch 22 to the back of trailer 14 on lower level 18, as seen in FIG. 1 and in FIG. 2, which is a schematic floor plan of lower level 18, the rooms are kitchen 24, living room 26, control room 28 and storage area 30.
Control room 28, which is generally unavailable to the children being instructed within structure 12, is constructed with a full height of at least six feet for the comfort of the operator and has a rear door 32 for use as an independent entrance. Storage area 30, which is accessible to the operator at boundary 34, is, however, of the reduced height of slightly less than four feet. Living room 26 also has the reduced height, but kitchen 24 is of full height. The reduced height of storage area 30 and living room 26 permits upper level 20, also of reduced height, to be included on trailer 10 while maintaining the total height of trailer 10 at less than fourteen feet, thus permitting transportation of trailer 10 on highways without special permits.
The interior of trailer 10 is available to both children and instructors through full size door 36 (seen in FIG. 2) which is located above steps 38 (seen in FIG. 1), which lead into kitchen 24. Kitchen 24 includes several devices which children will immediately recognize, and which can be used for instruction. Stove 40 can be used to demostrate methods of extinguishing cooking fires, and sink 42 can be used to demonstrate the appropriate action, such as turning off water feed valves, for non-fire emergencies such as broken pipes. Ventilator 44 is one of several ventilators 44 within trailer 10 which operate to exhaust non-toxic smoke generated for instruction purposes. The ventilators are interconnected to exhaust fan 46 by duct 48 located within the truss area above the rooms. Ceiling light 50 furnishes illumination for night time instruction and adds to the realism of trailer 10.
One of themore valuable teaching aids within trailer 10 is intercom telephone 52. Telephone 52, although interconnected only to a unit within control room 28, is arranged to realistically be responsive when the number dialed or entered is the appropriate emergency telephone number for the minicipality within which the instruction is taking place. Thus, either 911 or any other seven digit number can be used as the appropriate number to activate telephone 52. This permits children to actually perform the necessary steps to reach emergency assistance, while the control room operator responds in the same manner as emergency personnel would.
Windows 54, 56, 58 and 60 are also valuable teaching aids. They are actually conventional house windows, except for the use of safety glass, and operate in the same manner as the windows likely to be found in children's homes. Windows 54, 56 and 58 are conventional vertical opening windows and can include locks 62, while window 60 is an awning type window operated by crank 64. The similarity of these windows to those in typical homes permits instruction on opening household windows for escape purposes.
Upper level 20, the schematic floor plan of which is shwon in FIG. 3, may be the most valuable teaching tool within trailer 10. Upper level 20 includes two simulated bedrooms, 66 and 68, along with operating windows 56 and 58. Balcony 70 with safety rail 72 is also on upper level 20.
Stairs 74 connect upper level 20 with lower level 18 and permit valuable instruction on the proper method of going down stairs in emergency situations, including when smoke is present.
Smoke generator 76, located in under-stair storage area 78 is used to create a realistic smoke situation with non-toxic smoke, and operating smoke detectors 80 further add to the realism and permit instruction on proper maintenance of such devices. Recessed sprinkler heads 82 do not actually operate, but can be used for instruction in regard to their function.
The safety of the children during instruction, and particularly when they are practicing escape methods while non-toxic smoke is present, is a primary concern in the construction of trailer 10. Structurally, the trailer is built so that its floors, on both levels, can hold all anticipated loads, even those from adults. Also, the glass in all the windows, both exterior and interior windows, is safety glass, so that even in a poor visibility smoke situation, no glass can be broken. Furthermore, because of the location of interior window 84 above stairs 74, interior window 86 inboard of control room 28, and the window in interior door 88 to the control room, the control room operator has a clear view of the entire interior of structure 12 at all times. The operator therefore can always render assistance to the occupants of the trailer.
Also, smoke detectors 80 and fire extinguisher 90 are operating units, so that they may be used, not only for instruction, but also for actual fire protection.
The present invention therefore furnishes a superior teaching tool for instructing children in fire safety and home escape techniques, and also does so with ultimate safety and in a manner which is most likely to be associated with a child's real world.
It is to be understood that the form of this invention as shown is merely a preferred embodiment. Various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of parts; equivalent means may be substituted for those illustrated and described; and certain features may be used independently from others without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
For instance, rooms can be rearranged or omitted, and other accessories can be included, such as alarm pull boxes for instructing children on their use when they are available. | A mobile fire safety training facility which simulates a residential structure and has reduced scale rooms and exterior for appeal to children. A two level structure mounted on a conventional flat bed trailer includes conventional house windows and doors for instruction on escape methods, a non-toxic smoke generator, operating smoke alarms and a functioning telephone system for instruction on emergency telephone use. The reduced overall height of the structure and a truss roof structure permit highway transportation, and an on-board control room with full view of the entire interior assures the safety of the children using the facility. | This paper presents an invention that addresses the need for effective fire safety education for children. The invention is a mobile facility designed to instruct children on fire safety in their homes. It includes a scaled-down representation of a typical residence, complete with rooms such as a kitchen, living room, and bedrooms. The facility incorporates devices commonly found in homes, such as operating windows, smoke detectors, and fire alarms, allowing children to interact with the structure and learn practical fire safety procedures. The invention provides a realistic environment for teaching escape procedures and emergency telephone use. Overall, this mobile facility offers a practical and engaging way to educate children on fire safety and escape techniques. | {
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"query": "Summarize the context",
"context": "SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION \n This invention deals generally with education and instruction and more specifically with a mobile facility for instructing children in regard to fire safety in the home. \n For one week every year, "Fire Safety Week", virtually every school student is exposed to fire safety information. Unfortunately, it is usually only "exposure", with very little instruction or experience to which the typical child can relate. The children draw posters, enter contests, and sometimes visit fire stations, but few children associate the information they receive with their own lives. \n The danger to children from home fires is very real, and the difference between survival and death is often the difference between teaching a child what to do when there is a fire and doing nothing. Yet, there has been no facility available to teach children, particularly young children who learn best by experience rather than lecture, what to do when fire breaks out. This lack of an instructional facility is most probably do to cost as much as anything else, because it is clearly very costly to build or dedicate a building for teaching children fire safety by simulating the problems of fire in the home. \n This problem has been overcome by the present invention which provides a mobile facility, transportable on standard highways without special permit, which can be located at one site for a short time and then moved for instruction elsewhere. \n The present invention is a representation of a typical residence, portions of which are two level, mounted on a standard flat bed semi-trailer and scaled down to a size which appeals to small children. The structure includes representations of a kitchen with applicances, a living room, stairs between the lower and the upper levels and two bedrooms. Even its exterior is realistically designed so that children immediately associate it with their own homes. \n An important aspect of the structure is the use throughout of the same type of devices which are found in most homes, so that children can actually interact with the structure, as they must be prepared to do in their own homes in case of fire. Therefore, the windows are of standard residential construction, and operate in the same manner as do standard residential windows. In fact, two types of operating windows, vertical sliding sash type and windows with hinges with crank operators, are included in the preferred embodiment of the invention. \n Similarly, although the height of each level of the two level portion of the structure is lower than a standard room, the stair risers are of standard height because children must cope with that condition in their own homes. Standard residential type doors are provided in both normal and reduced heights to enable children who may have difficulty in using standard door on their own to, nevertheless, experience the procedures of proper escape during a fire. \n Many devices within the structure are specifically related to teaching fire safety procedures. Particularly, there are operating smoke detectors of both the household and public area types, a strobe light fire alarm, an alarm pull station, sprinkler heads, a smoke generator which produces non-toxic smoke, and an operating intercom with a telephone handset in the kitchen which is interconnected with a second telephone within the on-board control room. The structure also includes a structurally sound small balcony, which, along with all interior floors of the structure, is capable of supporting both adult and child occupants and from which upper story escape procedures can be demonstrated and practiced. \n The control room is of a height comfortable for an adult operator, at least six feet high, and is located so that the operator can visually observe all areas of the structure. The operator can manually control the smoke generator, a ventilating system capable of flushing smoke from the structure, all the smoke detectors and fire alarms, and can answer the instructional telephone. \n The telephone system is particularly valuable for instruction, because it can be activated on either 911, the almost universal emergency number, or any other seven digit number for areas which do not use the 911 system. Thus, children can actually practice the use of emergency telephone procedures, and the response they receive from the control room operator can, of course, simulate the actual response they would receive in their area to such emergency telephone calls. Clearly, the actual presence of smoke can be used to make the emergency telephone use ultimately realistic, and thereby make it more likely that a child will react properly under actual emergency conditions. \n However, the major use for the smoke generator on board the structure is to teach escape procedures in a realistic environment. The standard procedure of staying close to the floor and crawling out of the building can be taught in the presence of smoke, and because of the two story structure, escape instruction can realistically include moving down stairs. The conventional operation of windows and doors, which can be used for escape instruction, adds to both the realism and the association of the instruction to the children's own homes. \n Therefore, because of the unique size, structure and arrangement of the various devices within the structure of the invention, the present invention permits large numbers of children at multiple locations to receive highly pertinent instruction on the fire safety and the fire escape procedures which should be used in their own homes. \n \n \n BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS \n FIG. 1 is a modified side elevation view of the preferred embodiment of the invention, with the side wall removed to facilitate viewing the interior. \n FIG. 2 is a schematic drawing of the floor plan of the lower level of the preferred embodiment of the invention. \n FIG. 3 is a schematic drawing of the floor plan of the upper level of the preferred embodiment of the invention. \n \n \n DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT \n FIG. 1 is a side elevation view of the preferred embodiment of the invention with the nearest side wall removed to facilitate viewing the interior, in which fire safety trailer 10 includes enclosed structure 12 mounted upon conventional flat bed trailer 14. Enclosed structure 12 is constructed so that it resembles a typical residential home both inside and outside, except for the reduced scale of certain portions of structure 12. \n Triangular truss structures 16 are included along the top of structure 12 to strengthen structure 12 to permit the entire safety trailer to travel at highway speeds with no damage to structure 12 from the shock, vibration and wind forces generated by such travel. The triangular configuration of the trusses also permits the exterior design of structure 12 to include a conventional sloped roof configuration which adds to the representation of the structure as conventional residential housing, so that children may better relate the structure to their own homes. \n Within structure 12 there are several rooms, arranged on two levels, 18 and 20, which continue the association of structure 12 to a typical home. Progressing from the front hitch 22 to the back of trailer 14 on lower level 18, as seen in FIG. 1 and in FIG. 2, which is a schematic floor plan of lower level 18, the rooms are kitchen 24, living room 26, control room 28 and storage area 30. \n Control room 28, which is generally unavailable to the children being instructed within structure 12, is constructed with a full height of at least six feet for the comfort of the operator and has a rear door 32 for use as an independent entrance. Storage area 30, which is accessible to the operator at boundary 34, is, however, of the reduced height of slightly less than four feet. Living room 26 also has the reduced height, but kitchen 24 is of full height. The reduced height of storage area 30 and living room 26 permits upper level 20, also of reduced height, to be included on trailer 10 while maintaining the total height of trailer 10 at less than fourteen feet, thus permitting transportation of trailer 10 on highways without special permits. \n The interior of trailer 10 is available to both children and instructors through full size door 36 (seen in FIG. 2) which is located above steps 38 (seen in FIG. 1), which lead into kitchen 24. Kitchen 24 includes several devices which children will immediately recognize, and which can be used for instruction. Stove 40 can be used to demostrate methods of extinguishing cooking fires, and sink 42 can be used to demonstrate the appropriate action, such as turning off water feed valves, for non-fire emergencies such as broken pipes. Ventilator 44 is one of several ventilators 44 within trailer 10 which operate to exhaust non-toxic smoke generated for instruction purposes. The ventilators are interconnected to exhaust fan 46 by duct 48 located within the truss area above the rooms. Ceiling light 50 furnishes illumination for night time instruction and adds to the realism of trailer 10. \n One of themore valuable teaching aids within trailer 10 is intercom telephone 52. Telephone 52, although interconnected only to a unit within control room 28, is arranged to realistically be responsive when the number dialed or entered is the appropriate emergency telephone number for the minicipality within which the instruction is taking place. Thus, either 911 or any other seven digit number can be used as the appropriate number to activate telephone 52. This permits children to actually perform the necessary steps to reach emergency assistance, while the control room operator responds in the same manner as emergency personnel would. \n Windows 54, 56, 58 and 60 are also valuable teaching aids. They are actually conventional house windows, except for the use of safety glass, and operate in the same manner as the windows likely to be found in children's homes. Windows 54, 56 and 58 are conventional vertical opening windows and can include locks 62, while window 60 is an awning type window operated by crank 64. The similarity of these windows to those in typical homes permits instruction on opening household windows for escape purposes. \n Upper level 20, the schematic floor plan of which is shwon in FIG. 3, may be the most valuable teaching tool within trailer 10. Upper level 20 includes two simulated bedrooms, 66 and 68, along with operating windows 56 and 58. Balcony 70 with safety rail 72 is also on upper level 20. \n Stairs 74 connect upper level 20 with lower level 18 and permit valuable instruction on the proper method of going down stairs in emergency situations, including when smoke is present. \n Smoke generator 76, located in under-stair storage area 78 is used to create a realistic smoke situation with non-toxic smoke, and operating smoke detectors 80 further add to the realism and permit instruction on proper maintenance of such devices. Recessed sprinkler heads 82 do not actually operate, but can be used for instruction in regard to their function. \n The safety of the children during instruction, and particularly when they are practicing escape methods while non-toxic smoke is present, is a primary concern in the construction of trailer 10. Structurally, the trailer is built so that its floors, on both levels, can hold all anticipated loads, even those from adults. Also, the glass in all the windows, both exterior and interior windows, is safety glass, so that even in a poor visibility smoke situation, no glass can be broken. Furthermore, because of the location of interior window 84 above stairs 74, interior window 86 inboard of control room 28, and the window in interior door 88 to the control room, the control room operator has a clear view of the entire interior of structure 12 at all times. The operator therefore can always render assistance to the occupants of the trailer. \n Also, smoke detectors 80 and fire extinguisher 90 are operating units, so that they may be used, not only for instruction, but also for actual fire protection. \n The present invention therefore furnishes a superior teaching tool for instructing children in fire safety and home escape techniques, and also does so with ultimate safety and in a manner which is most likely to be associated with a child's real world. \n It is to be understood that the form of this invention as shown is merely a preferred embodiment. Various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of parts; equivalent means may be substituted for those illustrated and described; and certain features may be used independently from others without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the following claims. \n For instance, rooms can be rearranged or omitted, and other accessories can be included, such as alarm pull boxes for instructing children on their use when they are available.",
"response": "This paper presents an invention that addresses the need for effective fire safety education for children. The invention is a mobile facility designed to instruct children on fire safety in their homes. It includes a scaled-down representation of a typical residence, complete with rooms such as a kitchen, living room, and bedrooms. The facility incorporates devices commonly found in homes, such as operating windows, smoke detectors, and fire alarms, allowing children to interact with the structure and learn practical fire safety procedures. The invention provides a realistic environment for teaching escape procedures and emergency telephone use. Overall, this mobile facility offers a practical and engaging way to educate children on fire safety and escape techniques."
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} | false | The response accurately summarizes the context provided, which describes a mobile facility for instructing children in fire safety. The response captures the essence of the invention, mentioning its purpose, the scaled-down representation of a typical residence, the inclusion of common household devices, and the focus on teaching practical fire safety procedures and escape techniques. The response does not introduce any information that is not present in the context, and it effectively condenses the detailed description into a concise summary. | 0 | {
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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to games and has particular reference to games played on a game board having a plurality of spaces over which playing pieces are advanced.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Many games of the above type have been developed over the years, of which checkers and chess are outstanding examples. However, such games generally require a large number of playing pieces which are advanced from one end of the board to the other and are played according to fairly complicated sets of rules and require considerable mental agility to properly plan and execute a winning strategy. Accordingly, and particularly because of their slow moving nature, such games are generally not of interest to younger children. Further, since a large number of playing pieces are generally required, these pieces may be easily lost or misplaced and the loss of any one piece may render the game inoperative.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A principal object of the present invention is to provide a game of the above type which is played with interest by both children and adults.
Another object is to provide a game which can be played by different numbers of players.
Another object is to provide a game having a minimum number of playing pieces.
A further object is to provide a fast moving game of the above type which is easy to understand and yet requires a certain amount of skill.
According to the basic aspect of the invention, a game board is provided having a central area and a field of squares encircling the central area. Certain randomly located squares are progressively numbered and are marked to form cells which are open on one side only. Such cells, however, open in different directions which are arranged at random. Only one playing piece is provided per player and the rules are the same regardless of the number of players. A random number selecting device is provided to indicate the number of squares to be advanced by each player in turn.
The play progresses around the board one or more times giving effectively a long playing field which increases and maintains the interest and excitment of the game, particularly for younger children. Since only one playing piece is required per player, there is less chance of losing or misplacing the pieces, and the game is less expensive to manufacture.
Although the same rules apply regardless of the number of players, the game becomes more difficult as more players become involved.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
The manner in which the above and other objects of the invention are accomplished will be readily understood on reference to the following specification when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a game board embodying a preferred form of the present invention and shown with playing pieces in starting positions.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a stack of chips for keeping track of scores.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a die for use in randomly determining the number of squares each player is to advance his playing piece.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a register device for keeping track of the highest numbered cell reached by any player during the course of a game.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to the drawing, a playing board 11 is provided which may be made of any suitable material and may be foldable in two or more sections. A square central area 12 is defined by coordinate boundary lines 13. The central area 12 is surrounded by spaced coordinately extending lines 14, 15 defining contiguous squares 16 which are located in columns surrounding the central area 12.
Randomly arranged ones, i.e. 17, of the squares 16 are progressively numbered around the board in a clockwise direction from "1" to "21", and each is marked by heavy lines 18 to form a cell which is open at one side as indicated at 20. Such openings 20 also extend in different randomly arranged directions.
A starting row 21 of squares 16 is located at the lower left hand corner of the board and such squares are differently colored to receive similar differently colored playing pieces 22. The squares of the starting row 21 are located in the columns of squares passing along the left hand side of the central area 12, and the right hand end of the starting row 21 is defined by a heavy finish line 19 which extends to the central area 12 and forms the left hand wall of the highest numbered cell, i.e. "21".
A register device 23 is provided comprising a block of wood or similar material having a row of holes 24 formed therein equal in number to the number of cells on the board 11. Such holes are identified by indicia 25, identifying each hole with a corresponding numbered cell. A marker in the form of a pin, pencil or the like may be inserted into any one of the holes 24 to indicate the highest numbered cell to which any player has advanced as will appear presently.
FIG. 3 illustrates a conventional die cube 26 having different numbers of spots 27 on its various sides, ranging in number from one to six. Such die forms a selection device for randomly selecting the number of squares each playing piece is to be advanced. However, other well known types of random selection devices may be used wherein a value from "1" to "6" may be obtained by chance.
In playing the game, the players select respective playing pieces 22 and locate them on the correspondingly colored starting squares 21. The die 26 is then rolled to indicate the number of squares the player having the first or leftmost playing piece 22 is to advance his piece. The object of each player is to land his playing piece 22 in a cell 17 which can only be entered through its opening 20. The piece 22 can be stepped in any direction, except diagonally, but cannot step on the same square 16 more than once during each advance. The die 26 is then rolled to indicate the number of squares the next player can advance, etc., until one of the players scores by landing his piece exactly in a cell 17. A marker such as a pin, pencil, etc., is then placed in the hole 24 corresponding in number to the numbered cell, i.e. "1", on which the player has landed and the player also receives a chip 28 or the like to represent his score. This procedure is repeated around the board by the players advancing to successively higher numbered cells until one of the players has accumulated a prescribed number of chips, for example 10, which determines that he has won the game. However, when one player has scored on a particular cell 17, no other player can score on that cell or on any lower numbered cell but must advance to another higher numbered cell in order to score.
In the event that no player has accumulated the required number of chips to win the game by the time one player has scored by entering the highest numbered cell 17, i.e. "21", the game continues and as one of the players passes across the finish line 19, he continues to again step through the originally traversed columns of squares, aiming toward the cell number "1" or a higher numbered cell. At this point, the marker is removed from the block 23 and is subsequently placed in the hole corresponding to that cell reached by one of the players. The playing process continues as noted hereinabove until one of the players accumulates the required number of chips 28.
Many other rules may be imposed on the game. For example, a player must go around a cell 17 unless he wishes to enter it. He must also go around any square which is already occupied by the playing piece of a player. Also, when a player's piece is in a cell waiting for a next advance and is blocked by another player's piece lying directly in front of the opening, the first player loses his turn. Further, if a player's piece 22 is in a cell and a second player enters his piece in the same cell, the first player must give up a chip to the second player.
It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that many variations may be made in the exact construction shown without departing from the spirit of this invention. | A game board is provided with a center area and a plurality of squares surrounding such area and over which playing pieces, one for each player, are advanced as directed by a suitable randomly operable selecting device. Randomly situated ones of the squares form open ended cells having entrances which open in different directions, arranged at random to enable scoring and advancement of the playing pieces about the center area according to prescribed rules. | This invention relates to a game board with a unique design that can be played by both children and adults. The game requires a minimum number of playing pieces and can be played with different numbers of players. The game is fast-moving, easy to understand, and requires a certain amount of skill. The game board consists of a central area surrounded by a field of squares, with certain squares numbered and marked to form cells. Only one playing piece is provided per player, and a random number selecting device determines the number of squares each player advances. The game progresses around the board, increasing and maintaining interest and excitement, and reducing the risk of losing or misplacing pieces. The difficulty of the game increases with more players. | {
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"query": "Summarize the context",
"context": "BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION \n 1. Field of the Invention \n This invention relates to games and has particular reference to games played on a game board having a plurality of spaces over which playing pieces are advanced. \n 2. Description of the Prior Art \n Many games of the above type have been developed over the years, of which checkers and chess are outstanding examples. However, such games generally require a large number of playing pieces which are advanced from one end of the board to the other and are played according to fairly complicated sets of rules and require considerable mental agility to properly plan and execute a winning strategy. Accordingly, and particularly because of their slow moving nature, such games are generally not of interest to younger children. Further, since a large number of playing pieces are generally required, these pieces may be easily lost or misplaced and the loss of any one piece may render the game inoperative. \n SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION \n A principal object of the present invention is to provide a game of the above type which is played with interest by both children and adults. \n Another object is to provide a game which can be played by different numbers of players. \n Another object is to provide a game having a minimum number of playing pieces. \n A further object is to provide a fast moving game of the above type which is easy to understand and yet requires a certain amount of skill. \n According to the basic aspect of the invention, a game board is provided having a central area and a field of squares encircling the central area. Certain randomly located squares are progressively numbered and are marked to form cells which are open on one side only. Such cells, however, open in different directions which are arranged at random. Only one playing piece is provided per player and the rules are the same regardless of the number of players. A random number selecting device is provided to indicate the number of squares to be advanced by each player in turn. \n The play progresses around the board one or more times giving effectively a long playing field which increases and maintains the interest and excitment of the game, particularly for younger children. Since only one playing piece is required per player, there is less chance of losing or misplacing the pieces, and the game is less expensive to manufacture. \n Although the same rules apply regardless of the number of players, the game becomes more difficult as more players become involved. \n \n \n BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING \n The manner in which the above and other objects of the invention are accomplished will be readily understood on reference to the following specification when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, wherein: \n FIG. 1 is a plan view of a game board embodying a preferred form of the present invention and shown with playing pieces in starting positions. \n FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a stack of chips for keeping track of scores. \n FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a die for use in randomly determining the number of squares each player is to advance his playing piece. \n FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a register device for keeping track of the highest numbered cell reached by any player during the course of a game. \n \n \n DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT \n Referring to the drawing, a playing board 11 is provided which may be made of any suitable material and may be foldable in two or more sections. A square central area 12 is defined by coordinate boundary lines 13. The central area 12 is surrounded by spaced coordinately extending lines 14, 15 defining contiguous squares 16 which are located in columns surrounding the central area 12. \n Randomly arranged ones, i.e. 17, of the squares 16 are progressively numbered around the board in a clockwise direction from "1" to "21", and each is marked by heavy lines 18 to form a cell which is open at one side as indicated at 20. Such openings 20 also extend in different randomly arranged directions. \n A starting row 21 of squares 16 is located at the lower left hand corner of the board and such squares are differently colored to receive similar differently colored playing pieces 22. The squares of the starting row 21 are located in the columns of squares passing along the left hand side of the central area 12, and the right hand end of the starting row 21 is defined by a heavy finish line 19 which extends to the central area 12 and forms the left hand wall of the highest numbered cell, i.e. "21". \n A register device 23 is provided comprising a block of wood or similar material having a row of holes 24 formed therein equal in number to the number of cells on the board 11. Such holes are identified by indicia 25, identifying each hole with a corresponding numbered cell. A marker in the form of a pin, pencil or the like may be inserted into any one of the holes 24 to indicate the highest numbered cell to which any player has advanced as will appear presently. \n FIG. 3 illustrates a conventional die cube 26 having different numbers of spots 27 on its various sides, ranging in number from one to six. Such die forms a selection device for randomly selecting the number of squares each playing piece is to be advanced. However, other well known types of random selection devices may be used wherein a value from "1" to "6" may be obtained by chance. \n In playing the game, the players select respective playing pieces 22 and locate them on the correspondingly colored starting squares 21. The die 26 is then rolled to indicate the number of squares the player having the first or leftmost playing piece 22 is to advance his piece. The object of each player is to land his playing piece 22 in a cell 17 which can only be entered through its opening 20. The piece 22 can be stepped in any direction, except diagonally, but cannot step on the same square 16 more than once during each advance. The die 26 is then rolled to indicate the number of squares the next player can advance, etc., until one of the players scores by landing his piece exactly in a cell 17. A marker such as a pin, pencil, etc., is then placed in the hole 24 corresponding in number to the numbered cell, i.e. "1", on which the player has landed and the player also receives a chip 28 or the like to represent his score. This procedure is repeated around the board by the players advancing to successively higher numbered cells until one of the players has accumulated a prescribed number of chips, for example 10, which determines that he has won the game. However, when one player has scored on a particular cell 17, no other player can score on that cell or on any lower numbered cell but must advance to another higher numbered cell in order to score. \n In the event that no player has accumulated the required number of chips to win the game by the time one player has scored by entering the highest numbered cell 17, i.e. "21", the game continues and as one of the players passes across the finish line 19, he continues to again step through the originally traversed columns of squares, aiming toward the cell number "1" or a higher numbered cell. At this point, the marker is removed from the block 23 and is subsequently placed in the hole corresponding to that cell reached by one of the players. The playing process continues as noted hereinabove until one of the players accumulates the required number of chips 28. \n Many other rules may be imposed on the game. For example, a player must go around a cell 17 unless he wishes to enter it. He must also go around any square which is already occupied by the playing piece of a player. Also, when a player's piece is in a cell waiting for a next advance and is blocked by another player's piece lying directly in front of the opening, the first player loses his turn. Further, if a player's piece 22 is in a cell and a second player enters his piece in the same cell, the first player must give up a chip to the second player. \n It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that many variations may be made in the exact construction shown without departing from the spirit of this invention.",
"response": "This invention relates to a game board with a unique design that can be played by both children and adults. The game requires a minimum number of playing pieces and can be played with different numbers of players. The game is fast-moving, easy to understand, and requires a certain amount of skill. The game board consists of a central area surrounded by a field of squares, with certain squares numbered and marked to form cells. Only one playing piece is provided per player, and a random number selecting device determines the number of squares each player advances. The game progresses around the board, increasing and maintaining interest and excitement, and reducing the risk of losing or misplacing pieces. The difficulty of the game increases with more players."
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"reason": "The response accurately summarizes the context provided about the game board invention. It captures the essence of the invention, mentioning the unique design, the suitability for both children and adults, the minimum number of playing pieces, the ability to play with different numbers of players, and the fast-moving nature of the game. The response also correctly describes the central area surrounded by a field of squares, the numbered and marked cells, the provision of one playing piece per player, and the use of a random number selecting device. The response further notes the game's progression around the board, the interest and excitement it maintains, and the reduced risk of losing pieces. All of these points are directly inferred from the detailed context of the invention's background, summary, and description of the preferred embodiment.",
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} | false | The response accurately summarizes the context provided about the game board invention. It captures the essence of the invention, mentioning the unique design, the suitability for both children and adults, the minimum number of playing pieces, the ability to play with different numbers of players, and the fast-moving nature of the game. The response also correctly describes the central area surrounded by a field of squares, the numbered and marked cells, the provision of one playing piece per player, and the use of a random number selecting device. The response further notes the game's progression around the board, the interest and excitement it maintains, and the reduced risk of losing pieces. All of these points are directly inferred from the detailed context of the invention's background, summary, and description of the preferred embodiment. | 0 | {
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This a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/885,789 filed May 20, 1992, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,221,253 which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/704,718, filed May 20, 1991 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,116,309, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/301,090, filed Jan. 25, 1989, now abandoned.
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a universal catheter inserted by conventional means which, once in place, functions as an external ureteral catheter which can be easily converted into an internalized ureteral catheter or stent.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Ureteral catheters and stents are fundamental to the practice of Urology. These devices allow one to bypass and drain an obstructed ureter, determine urine output from a particular renal unit, and inject contrast to study the upper urinary tract. With the advent of newer methods to manage upper urinary tract stones (ESWL and ureteroscopy), the indications and use of ureteral catheters have and will continue to further increase.
The ideal ureteral catheter should allow one to measure urine output from a particular renal unit, drain even tenaciously purulent material, allow injection of contrast for imaging and finally remain indwelling and self contained if longterm ureteral stenting or drainage is required.
The presently available devices consist of external or internal ureteral catheters. Both types are usually passed through the ureteral meatus via a cystoscope, though they can be placed openly through different sites in the urinary tract.
Externalized ureteral catheters drain the upper urinary tract and pass through the bladder, exiting the urethra and draining into an external collecting device. They allow drainage through ports and a central lumen and can be irrigated as needed to drain tenacious and obstructing material. By draining externally, the output from the involved renal unit can be carefully monitored. Contrast can be injected as needed to evaluate the upper tract.
Unfortunately, these devices are not self contained and must be secured to an indwelling urethral catheter or they will migrate and be extruded by ureteral peristalsis. They therefore are not suitable for longterm outpatient care.
With this objective in mind, internalized ureteral catheters were developed. The most commonly used type is a plastic catheter with a curl at both the proximal and distal ends; i.e. Double J catheter. The curls are straightened over a central stiffening wire in order to pass the stent, but are reformed when the stiffening wire is removed. The proximal curl prevents distal migration and thereby keeps the device in the renal pelvis. The distal curl is positioned in the bladder to allow completely internalized drainage. No urethral catheter is needed to secure this type of stent, making it ideal for outpatient management.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,713,049 to Carter; 4,307,723 to Finney and 4,610,657 to Densaw all show this general approach while U.S. Pat 4,531,933 shows a variation of this concept by using helixes to replace hooks.
The devices shown by these patents, however, have disadvantages. The urine output from the involved renal unit can not be recorded as only total urethral urine output can be recorded and this would include both kidneys. Also, since the distal end of the catheter is internalized, it is not possible to irrigate the tube should it become obstructed. Under these circumstances the obstructed catheter could be more detrimental than beneficial as it would occlude an already narrowed ureteral lumen. Since the ureteral catheter can become obstructed without any external indication, the situation can become dramatically acute before it is realized that the internalized stent is no longer serving its purpose. Lastly, as the stent is not externalized, contrast cannot be injected if needed to image the upper tract.
A modification of the usual Double J catheter is available at present that allows injection of contrast via a small lumen--in the stiffening wire. This lumen however, is too small to allow reliable and accurate monitoring of urine output or drainage and irrigation of tenacious debris from the involved kidney.
SUMMARY AND OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide a combination catheter-stent that improves on the known prior art devices in that it has the advantages of both an externalized ureteral catheter and the advantage of an internalizable ureteral catheter once the necessity of externalized drainage or access is overcome.
The device of the present invention comprises a Double J catheter with side ports along its proximal half. The proximal end is preferably closed. The distal one-third of the Double J catheter has a wider lumen diameter and is open ended and has consequently a somewhat wider outer diameter than the proximal end. This allows the distal end of the ureteral stent to accept the insertion of a rigid open-ended ureteral catheter. The distal end of the Double-J catheter terminates in a flange of greater outer diameter in order to allow retraction of the stiff ureteral catheter from the stent against an immobilizing abutting device. This rigid ureteral catheter is long enough to exit the urethra and can be drained by an external drainage system.
When the necessity of outside drainage, contrast injection, or monitoring no longer exists, the rigid catheter can be easily disconnected from the flexible ureteral catheter. This allows the part of the stent in the bladder to return to its preformed curl or J shape and then function as a prior art stent of the Double J shape.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a view of the device as assembled for packaging.
FIG. 2 is a view of the device after insertion and with the stiffening wire removed.
FIG. 3 is a view of the stiff pusher needed for removal of the stiff ureteral catheter.
FIG. 4 is a view of the device in its internalized (stent) form after detachment of the rigid ureteral catheter.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
In a preferred embodiment as shown in the figures the ureteral catheter 1 of the subject invention comprises a flexible plastic tube 2 having apertures 3 along the proximal end 4. The apertures extend between the outside of the catheter and the lumen 5. The catheter 1 may be constructed from any plastic material, preferably a soft flexible material provided with conventional indicating means 6 and is more preferably formed from a radiopaque silicone or silastic material of the type conventionally used for ureteral catheters or stents. The catheter should be marked with conventional centimeter markings to indicate the catheter's position.
Only the proximal tip 14 of the ureteral catheter need be made of radiopaque material but it is preferable that the entire ureteral catheter including the flange be of radiopaque material to facilitate placement of the device.
The distal one third 12 of the flexible plastic tube has an inside and outside diameter wider than that of the proximal end and has a flange 7 that begins about 1 centimeter proximal to the distal end. The distal end of the tube is open. A rigid open ended catheter 8 of the same diameter as the proximal end of the flexible tube is fitted through the flanged end and into the distal end of the flexible plastic tube. The rigid catheter is inserted far enough into the flexible tube to assure secure engagement of the flexible tube. The rigid catheter is held in place by reason of its close fit with the flexible tube. The flange design functions to allow the pusher 16 to disengage the rigid ureteral catheter from the flexible tube by abutting against and immobilizing the flexible tube while the rigid ureteral tube is disengaged. The outside flange diameter is larger than the internal diameter of the pusher. The flange is formed of the same material as the flexible tube.
As shown in FIG. 1 a stiffening wire 9 is used to keep the flexible tube stiff while the catheter as a unit is being inserted. The stiffening wire can be passed through a rubber stopper 10 within the distal end of the rigid catheter. The stopper prevents the wire from receding from the distal end of the ureteral catheter during insertion. When the apparatus has been properly placed, withdrawing the rigid wire will also withdraw the stopper.
Portions adjacent each of the ends 11 and 12 of the flexible tubular member 2 are formed and set in the shape of gentle curls 13 and 14 as shown in FIG. 4. The insertion of the stiff catheter 8 into the flanged end of the flexible stent straightens the curl or J 14 and holds it in straight alignment as shown in FIG. 2.
A stiffening wire 9 straightens the device including the proximal end 11 of the Double J catheter for easy insertion.
A thread or suture 15 can be attached to the distal end of the flexible catheter in order to allow easy removal of the device by pulling on the suture.
The rigid ureteral catheter 8 is formed of material conventionally used for such catheters and is preferably a stiff polymeric material with a hard smooth surface that glides such as polytetrafluoroethylene or nylon.
The rigid ureteral catheter is marked near its distal end. With the rigid ureteral tube inserted in the flexible catheter, the length of rigid tubing between the flange and the marking 17 is equal to the length of the "pusher" 16.
The length of the "pusher" is such that when passed over the rigid ureteral catheter, the flange of the flexible tube will be abutted just as the marking on the rigid ureteral catheter is visualized. This allows the operator to know when the flanged end of the flexible ureteral catheter is immobilized prior to extraction of the rigid ureteral catheter.
The device is sterilely packaged assembled. Different sizes and diameters can be made available with component sizes scaled appropriately. The sizes, lengths and diameters of the various elements are those conventionally used in the art.
As an example of procedure, consider a #7 French Universal Stent. The proximal two thirds of the catheter has a size 7 French lumen and the distal third of the catheter has a size 8.5 French lumen. The distal end of the silastic catheter has a size 9 French flange that begins 1 centimeters proximal to the distal end.
The proximal J is straightened over a O.038 mm stiff guide wire. This wire also passes through a rigid plastic 7 French ureteral catheter which is inserted into the 8.5 French distal third of the silastic catheter. The wire exits the distal part of the rigid ureteral catheter and is held in place securely by a detachable rubber stopper.
With the wire in place, the proximal end of the J catheter is straightened and can be inserted through a #22 French cystoscope and passed up in the ureteral orifice to the renal pelvis. The wire then is removed along with the rubber stopper, allowing the proximal curl to form. The rigid ureteral catheter exits through the urethra and the system can be used for an immediate imaging study if needed. To continuously drain the kidney (i.e. to monitor urine output, drain purulent debris, or irrigate to free the system of purulent material) one can secure the rigid ureteral catheter to an indwelling urethral catheter and attach the rigid ureteral catheter to an external drainage bag.
Once the patient is stable and there is no more need for external drainage, the stent can be internalized. The rigid catheter is then completely cleansed with a topical disinfectant and sterile gloves are donned. Packaged separately is a sterile size 8.5 French "pusher" (open ended tube) which then is lubricated and passed over the rigid ureteral catheter until resistance is met as it abuts the flanged distal end of the silastic ureteral catheter. The operator will also know that the flanged distal end of the silastic ureteral catheter has been abutted because the marking on the rigid ureteral catheter will be visualized. Then gently pull the rigid catheter through the pusher, holding the pusher in place. Then gently extract the pusher from the urethra. This will allow the distal end of the silastic catheter to form a curl in the bladder and thereby leave a completely internalized stent. The thread or suture can be left attached to the distal end of the silastic catheter to allow easy extraction through the urethra.
If desired, the stiffening wire can be inserted first using conventional means. After cutting off the proximal tip of the stent, the stent-ureteral catheter device is passed over the wire in order to insert the catheter combination.
Also if desired, various adapters can be secured to the external end of the stiff ureteral catheter in order to permit irrigation, application of contrast solutions to the renal cavity etc.
The thread or suture is preferably of a synthetic polymer with opaque characteristics. It is attached to the stent at any convenient location.
The advantages of the above described device are many. The materials of construction are conventional. The device can be packaged intact and ready to insert. The various elements can be formed in a variety of sizes, lengths and diameters with component sizes scaled appropriately.
The device obviates the need for separate externalized and internalized ureteral catheters. Further, the device is simple in operation and makes use of concepts and designs proven to be effective and reliable.
The device as described in the preferred embodiment specifies insertion of the rigid catheter into the distal third of the flexible tube. However, it is only necessary that the rigid tube be held securely in the stent until it is removed. Further, it can be seen that the specific type of connection described is not critical. Any method of connection that allows the apparatus to function as described is contemplated. Also, as described, the flange, in connection with the stiff pusher, serves only to hold the apparatus in place while the stiff catheter is removed. Any structure that serves to prevent the catheter from being pulled out of the renal cavity when the stiff catheter is removed is contemplated.
It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that a number of modifications and changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, it is to be understood that the scope of the invention is not to be limited by the foregoing description, but only by the claims. | A combination ureteral stent-ureteral catheter comprising an elongated flexible tubular member which has proximal and distal ends in the form of curls when present in its internalized stent form and which further comprises an elongated tubular rigid extension attached to the distal end of the stent which allows the combination to function as an externalized ureteral catheter. On extracting the rigid extension from the stent while the device is in place, the distal end of the stent reforms itself into a preformed curl and thereafter functions as a Double J internalized catheter or stent. | The present invention describes a combination catheter-stent that functions as both an external ureteral catheter and an internalizable ureteral catheter. The device comprises a Double J catheter with side ports along its proximal half and a wider lumen at its distal end. A rigid open-ended catheter is inserted into the distal end of the Double J catheter, allowing for external drainage. When external drainage is no longer needed, the rigid catheter can be easily disconnected, and the device functions as a traditional internalized ureteral stent. The device is simple to use, eliminates the need for separate catheters, and can be made in various sizes. | {
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"data": {
"query": "Summarize the context",
"context": "This a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/885,789 filed May 20, 1992, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,221,253 which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/704,718, filed May 20, 1991 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,116,309, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/301,090, filed Jan. 25, 1989, now abandoned. \n \n \n TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION \n The present invention relates to a universal catheter inserted by conventional means which, once in place, functions as an external ureteral catheter which can be easily converted into an internalized ureteral catheter or stent. \n BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION \n Ureteral catheters and stents are fundamental to the practice of Urology. These devices allow one to bypass and drain an obstructed ureter, determine urine output from a particular renal unit, and inject contrast to study the upper urinary tract. With the advent of newer methods to manage upper urinary tract stones (ESWL and ureteroscopy), the indications and use of ureteral catheters have and will continue to further increase. \n The ideal ureteral catheter should allow one to measure urine output from a particular renal unit, drain even tenaciously purulent material, allow injection of contrast for imaging and finally remain indwelling and self contained if longterm ureteral stenting or drainage is required. \n The presently available devices consist of external or internal ureteral catheters. Both types are usually passed through the ureteral meatus via a cystoscope, though they can be placed openly through different sites in the urinary tract. \n Externalized ureteral catheters drain the upper urinary tract and pass through the bladder, exiting the urethra and draining into an external collecting device. They allow drainage through ports and a central lumen and can be irrigated as needed to drain tenacious and obstructing material. By draining externally, the output from the involved renal unit can be carefully monitored. Contrast can be injected as needed to evaluate the upper tract. \n Unfortunately, these devices are not self contained and must be secured to an indwelling urethral catheter or they will migrate and be extruded by ureteral peristalsis. They therefore are not suitable for longterm outpatient care. \n With this objective in mind, internalized ureteral catheters were developed. The most commonly used type is a plastic catheter with a curl at both the proximal and distal ends; i.e. Double J catheter. The curls are straightened over a central stiffening wire in order to pass the stent, but are reformed when the stiffening wire is removed. The proximal curl prevents distal migration and thereby keeps the device in the renal pelvis. The distal curl is positioned in the bladder to allow completely internalized drainage. No urethral catheter is needed to secure this type of stent, making it ideal for outpatient management. \n U.S. Pat. No. 4,713,049 to Carter; 4,307,723 to Finney and 4,610,657 to Densaw all show this general approach while U.S. Pat 4,531,933 shows a variation of this concept by using helixes to replace hooks. \n The devices shown by these patents, however, have disadvantages. The urine output from the involved renal unit can not be recorded as only total urethral urine output can be recorded and this would include both kidneys. Also, since the distal end of the catheter is internalized, it is not possible to irrigate the tube should it become obstructed. Under these circumstances the obstructed catheter could be more detrimental than beneficial as it would occlude an already narrowed ureteral lumen. Since the ureteral catheter can become obstructed without any external indication, the situation can become dramatically acute before it is realized that the internalized stent is no longer serving its purpose. Lastly, as the stent is not externalized, contrast cannot be injected if needed to image the upper tract. \n A modification of the usual Double J catheter is available at present that allows injection of contrast via a small lumen--in the stiffening wire. This lumen however, is too small to allow reliable and accurate monitoring of urine output or drainage and irrigation of tenacious debris from the involved kidney. \n SUMMARY AND OBJECT OF THE INVENTION \n It is an object of the present invention to provide a combination catheter-stent that improves on the known prior art devices in that it has the advantages of both an externalized ureteral catheter and the advantage of an internalizable ureteral catheter once the necessity of externalized drainage or access is overcome. \n The device of the present invention comprises a Double J catheter with side ports along its proximal half. The proximal end is preferably closed. The distal one-third of the Double J catheter has a wider lumen diameter and is open ended and has consequently a somewhat wider outer diameter than the proximal end. This allows the distal end of the ureteral stent to accept the insertion of a rigid open-ended ureteral catheter. The distal end of the Double-J catheter terminates in a flange of greater outer diameter in order to allow retraction of the stiff ureteral catheter from the stent against an immobilizing abutting device. This rigid ureteral catheter is long enough to exit the urethra and can be drained by an external drainage system. \n When the necessity of outside drainage, contrast injection, or monitoring no longer exists, the rigid catheter can be easily disconnected from the flexible ureteral catheter. This allows the part of the stent in the bladder to return to its preformed curl or J shape and then function as a prior art stent of the Double J shape. \n \n \n DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS \n FIG. 1 is a view of the device as assembled for packaging. \n FIG. 2 is a view of the device after insertion and with the stiffening wire removed. \n FIG. 3 is a view of the stiff pusher needed for removal of the stiff ureteral catheter. \n FIG. 4 is a view of the device in its internalized (stent) form after detachment of the rigid ureteral catheter. \n \n \n DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS \n In a preferred embodiment as shown in the figures the ureteral catheter 1 of the subject invention comprises a flexible plastic tube 2 having apertures 3 along the proximal end 4. The apertures extend between the outside of the catheter and the lumen 5. The catheter 1 may be constructed from any plastic material, preferably a soft flexible material provided with conventional indicating means 6 and is more preferably formed from a radiopaque silicone or silastic material of the type conventionally used for ureteral catheters or stents. The catheter should be marked with conventional centimeter markings to indicate the catheter's position. \n Only the proximal tip 14 of the ureteral catheter need be made of radiopaque material but it is preferable that the entire ureteral catheter including the flange be of radiopaque material to facilitate placement of the device. \n The distal one third 12 of the flexible plastic tube has an inside and outside diameter wider than that of the proximal end and has a flange 7 that begins about 1 centimeter proximal to the distal end. The distal end of the tube is open. A rigid open ended catheter 8 of the same diameter as the proximal end of the flexible tube is fitted through the flanged end and into the distal end of the flexible plastic tube. The rigid catheter is inserted far enough into the flexible tube to assure secure engagement of the flexible tube. The rigid catheter is held in place by reason of its close fit with the flexible tube. The flange design functions to allow the pusher 16 to disengage the rigid ureteral catheter from the flexible tube by abutting against and immobilizing the flexible tube while the rigid ureteral tube is disengaged. The outside flange diameter is larger than the internal diameter of the pusher. The flange is formed of the same material as the flexible tube. \n As shown in FIG. 1 a stiffening wire 9 is used to keep the flexible tube stiff while the catheter as a unit is being inserted. The stiffening wire can be passed through a rubber stopper 10 within the distal end of the rigid catheter. The stopper prevents the wire from receding from the distal end of the ureteral catheter during insertion. When the apparatus has been properly placed, withdrawing the rigid wire will also withdraw the stopper. \n Portions adjacent each of the ends 11 and 12 of the flexible tubular member 2 are formed and set in the shape of gentle curls 13 and 14 as shown in FIG. 4. The insertion of the stiff catheter 8 into the flanged end of the flexible stent straightens the curl or J 14 and holds it in straight alignment as shown in FIG. 2. \n A stiffening wire 9 straightens the device including the proximal end 11 of the Double J catheter for easy insertion. \n A thread or suture 15 can be attached to the distal end of the flexible catheter in order to allow easy removal of the device by pulling on the suture. \n The rigid ureteral catheter 8 is formed of material conventionally used for such catheters and is preferably a stiff polymeric material with a hard smooth surface that glides such as polytetrafluoroethylene or nylon. \n The rigid ureteral catheter is marked near its distal end. With the rigid ureteral tube inserted in the flexible catheter, the length of rigid tubing between the flange and the marking 17 is equal to the length of the "pusher" 16. \n The length of the "pusher" is such that when passed over the rigid ureteral catheter, the flange of the flexible tube will be abutted just as the marking on the rigid ureteral catheter is visualized. This allows the operator to know when the flanged end of the flexible ureteral catheter is immobilized prior to extraction of the rigid ureteral catheter. \n The device is sterilely packaged assembled. Different sizes and diameters can be made available with component sizes scaled appropriately. The sizes, lengths and diameters of the various elements are those conventionally used in the art. \n As an example of procedure, consider a #7 French Universal Stent. The proximal two thirds of the catheter has a size 7 French lumen and the distal third of the catheter has a size 8.5 French lumen. The distal end of the silastic catheter has a size 9 French flange that begins 1 centimeters proximal to the distal end. \n The proximal J is straightened over a O.038 mm stiff guide wire. This wire also passes through a rigid plastic 7 French ureteral catheter which is inserted into the 8.5 French distal third of the silastic catheter. The wire exits the distal part of the rigid ureteral catheter and is held in place securely by a detachable rubber stopper. \n With the wire in place, the proximal end of the J catheter is straightened and can be inserted through a #22 French cystoscope and passed up in the ureteral orifice to the renal pelvis. The wire then is removed along with the rubber stopper, allowing the proximal curl to form. The rigid ureteral catheter exits through the urethra and the system can be used for an immediate imaging study if needed. To continuously drain the kidney (i.e. to monitor urine output, drain purulent debris, or irrigate to free the system of purulent material) one can secure the rigid ureteral catheter to an indwelling urethral catheter and attach the rigid ureteral catheter to an external drainage bag. \n Once the patient is stable and there is no more need for external drainage, the stent can be internalized. The rigid catheter is then completely cleansed with a topical disinfectant and sterile gloves are donned. Packaged separately is a sterile size 8.5 French "pusher" (open ended tube) which then is lubricated and passed over the rigid ureteral catheter until resistance is met as it abuts the flanged distal end of the silastic ureteral catheter. The operator will also know that the flanged distal end of the silastic ureteral catheter has been abutted because the marking on the rigid ureteral catheter will be visualized. Then gently pull the rigid catheter through the pusher, holding the pusher in place. Then gently extract the pusher from the urethra. This will allow the distal end of the silastic catheter to form a curl in the bladder and thereby leave a completely internalized stent. The thread or suture can be left attached to the distal end of the silastic catheter to allow easy extraction through the urethra. \n If desired, the stiffening wire can be inserted first using conventional means. After cutting off the proximal tip of the stent, the stent-ureteral catheter device is passed over the wire in order to insert the catheter combination. \n Also if desired, various adapters can be secured to the external end of the stiff ureteral catheter in order to permit irrigation, application of contrast solutions to the renal cavity etc. \n The thread or suture is preferably of a synthetic polymer with opaque characteristics. It is attached to the stent at any convenient location. \n The advantages of the above described device are many. The materials of construction are conventional. The device can be packaged intact and ready to insert. The various elements can be formed in a variety of sizes, lengths and diameters with component sizes scaled appropriately. \n The device obviates the need for separate externalized and internalized ureteral catheters. Further, the device is simple in operation and makes use of concepts and designs proven to be effective and reliable. \n The device as described in the preferred embodiment specifies insertion of the rigid catheter into the distal third of the flexible tube. However, it is only necessary that the rigid tube be held securely in the stent until it is removed. Further, it can be seen that the specific type of connection described is not critical. Any method of connection that allows the apparatus to function as described is contemplated. Also, as described, the flange, in connection with the stiff pusher, serves only to hold the apparatus in place while the stiff catheter is removed. Any structure that serves to prevent the catheter from being pulled out of the renal cavity when the stiff catheter is removed is contemplated. \n It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that a number of modifications and changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, it is to be understood that the scope of the invention is not to be limited by the foregoing description, but only by the claims.",
"response": "The present invention describes a combination catheter-stent that functions as both an external ureteral catheter and an internalizable ureteral catheter. The device comprises a Double J catheter with side ports along its proximal half and a wider lumen at its distal end. A rigid open-ended catheter is inserted into the distal end of the Double J catheter, allowing for external drainage. When external drainage is no longer needed, the rigid catheter can be easily disconnected, and the device functions as a traditional internalized ureteral stent. The device is simple to use, eliminates the need for separate catheters, and can be made in various sizes."
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BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a surgical covering of the kind used to make, for example, mayo stand covers, back table covers and surgical drapes.
For years, surgical covers, including mayo stand covers, back table covers and surgical drapes have been made of a laminated sheet including a nonwoven fabric adhered to a plastic film. For example, surgical drapes such as those sold by 3M (its Steri-Drape 9000) consist of a laminate of polypropylene fibers and a polyethylene film. Similar drapes or coverings are sold by Amcor Ltd and by Pliant Corp. Nonwoven materials have been the preferred surface for surgical covers and drapes because of its frictional properties (i.e., instruments do not readily slip on nonwoven surfaces) and they have the benefit of being tough, non-glaring and hydrophilic.
Such laminates are relatively expensive to manufacture because of the additional cost of the nonwoven layer, and because there is an assembly step required by which the nonwoven must be connected to a film carrier layer. In addition, in some cases, fibers from the nonwoven layer (i.e., lint) may find their way into open wounds and may thereby adversely impact the sterility of the operating room environment. Finally, composites having a nonwoven upper layer are not easily ripped or opened up, and thus restrict a surgeon's ability to access areas of a patient's body in certain situations.
At least one manufacturer (see U.S. Pat. No. 6,748,952) has attempted to make a surgical cover from a film by embossing the film after it has been extruded. While this approach does have the benefit of eliminating the nonwoven layer, this solution is also expensive to manufacture because of the separate embossing step.
In some surgical drape applications, it is beneficial to allow the drape to be ripped from the edge or opened up to allow a surgeon to access an area of a patient previously covered. Nonwoven materials are generally quite tough and are not easily ripped or opened.
Thus, there is a need for a surgical cover made from cast or blown film that results in a sheet having a textured, hydrophilic exposed surface that is non-glaring and that has the beneficial features of a nonwoven surface with respect to its frictional properties, but without the adverse aspects of a non-woven layer, such as its additional cost, resistance to tearing, and its lint-forming characteristics. The surgical cover described below has these features and advantages.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
These and other features, aspects, objects, and advantages of the inventions described and claimed herein will become better understood upon consideration of the following detailed description, appended claims, and accompanying drawings where:
FIG. 1 is a close-up view of the surface properties of one example of a surgical cover made in accordance with the inventions claimed herein.
FIG. 2 is a close-up view of the surface properties of another example of a surgical cover made in accordance with the inventions claimed herein.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the surface properties and a cross section of the surgical cover example of FIG. 1 .
FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the surface properties and a cross section of the surgical cover example of FIG. 2 .
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an example of a surgical cover made in accordance with the inventions claimed herein.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of an exemplary patient drape made in accordance with the inventions claimed herein.
It should be understood that the drawings are not necessarily to scale and that the embodiments are sometimes illustrated by graphic symbols, phantom lines, diagrammatic representations and fragmentary views. In certain instances, details which are not necessary for an understanding of the inventions described and claimed herein or which render other details difficult to perceive may have been omitted. It should be understood, of course, that the inventions described herein are not necessarily limited to the particular embodiments illustrated herein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
FIGS. 1 and 2 show two alternative embodiments of the surface of sheet material using the inventions claimed herein. The sheet 10 of FIG. 1 has surface depressions 14 that are elongated oval-like in shape and having length of up to about 0.135 inches. Between the oval-shaped depressions are raised areas 16 . The oval-like depressions are non-uniform in size and have the appearance of being be randomly disposed, varying in length from very small (as small as 0.025 inches or even smaller) up to about 0.135. The larger depressions have a width of about 0.25 inches. This yields an aspect ratio (i.e., a ratio of length to width) of about 5.4 to 1.
In the FIG. 1 embodiment, the differences in elevation between the bottom of the depressions 14 and the maximum height of the raised areas 16 is about 2 mils in this particular example, wherein the gauge of the film without the foaming agent is 0.6 mils. The increase in apparent thickness of the layer is due to the inclusion of a foaming agent. However, the height difference will depend on several factors including the speed of extrusion, the amount of foaming agent used, and the type of material extruded.
FIG. 2 shows an embodiment wherein the depressions 24 are substantially more elongated than the depressions 14 in the embodiment of FIG. 1 . As in FIG. 1 , the embodiment of FIG. 2 has raised areas 26 that surround the depressions 24 . The difference in the shape of the depressions of the FIG. 1 embodiment as compared to the FIG. 2 embodiment is the result of a different foaming agent, faster speed of extrusion and/or the amount of the foaming agent used. In both examples, the extrusion die openings for the three layers were the same, and the type of material used to form the middle and bottom layers were the same.
The two different embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 were made using two different grades of foaming agent. The material of FIG. 1 was made using foaming agent CFAC-5050 MT supplied by Polyfil Corporation, while the material of FIG. 2 was made using foaming agent ANC-0540-445 also supplied by Polyfil Corporation. In both cases, the same amount of foaming agent was used, i.e., up to about 2% by weight of the resin/agent mixture. The materials of FIGS. 1 and 2 were extruded using a blown film process at an extrusion speed of about 90 feet per minute. Thus, the only significant difference between process used to make the material of FIG. 1 , as compared with FIG. 2 , was the particular foaming agent used. This difference resulted in a product having a somewhat different color in that the material of FIG. 2 is somewhat darker that the FIG. 2 material.
In addition, and significant for purposes of its use as a surgical drape, the FIG. 2 material is much more easily torn in the direction of the extrusion than the material of FIG. 1 . The material of FIG. 2 can be easily torn by hand, without the use of any tools and without the use of excessive force. The tear-ability of the material can be varied by altering the extrusion speed, although the range of speed may be limited to between 80 and 100 feet per minute. If the extrusion is performed too fast, sufficient foaming action will not occur and if it is performed too slow, the bubbles will pop. However the particular speed required will depend upon the results desired and upon the specific foaming agent and other materials used.
The depressions and adjacent raised portions are the result of the inclusion of a foaming agent in the feedstock of the plastic that is used in the process of extruding the sheet, and the depressions are the result of the stretching and bursting of bubbles formed by the foaming agent as the sheet leaves the extrusion die. The coefficient of friction (COF) provided by the use of the previously mentioned foaming agent gives results in terms of frictional properties that compare well to standard nonwoven drapes, as shown in the following table as measured by ASTM D-1894 (again, the particular results achieved will vary depending upon the particular materials and extrusion speed used to make the material):
Coefficient of Friction
Metal to film
Metal to film
Film to Film
Film to Film
Material
(Kinetic)
(Static)
(Kinetic)
(Static)
Embodiment of
0.365
0.390
0.425
0.490
FIG. 1
Nonwoven
0.220
0.260
0.410
0.465
The depressions and adjacent raised portions also contribute to another beneficial property of the claimed invention, namely its hydrophilic property. While the particular materials used in the preferred embodiments do not necessarily absorb moisture, the surface texture of the material is believed to disturb the interfacial forces of liquid droplets which contact the surface of the material, thereby breaking the droplets up into smaller droplets which tend to wet out on the material's surface. Moreover, the smaller liquid droplets tend to “stick” within the depressions on surface of the material, such that flow of the smaller liquid droplets is inhibited. For example, the two preferred embodiments disclosed herein can retain water droplets with a diameter on the order of 1/16″-⅛″, even when oriented in a vertical position. Such a property is desirable for surgical covering material to prevent moisture from contacting floor surfaces, thereby rendering the floor surfaces slippery, during surgery.
The surface depressions and adjacent raised portions also contribute to the non-glare characteristic of the claimed inventions. The surface roughness of the material tends to disperse light to reduce luminance and glare, thereby mitigating eye strain and fatigue during surgery. The textured surface of the claimed invention can be characterized as satin-like.
The FIG. 1 embodiment was made using a blown film extrusion line with a foaming agent manufactured by Polyfil, i.e., its CFAC-5050 MT Chemical Foam Concentrate, added to a low linear density polyethylene resin as the outer textured layer. The FIG. 2 embodiment was made the same way, but with a different foaming agent also manufactured by Polyfil, i.e., its ANC-0540-445. FIGS. 3 and 4 are perspective views of the FIGS. 1 and 2 embodiments, respectively, and they show the texture of the surfaces of the embodiments formed by the raised areas 16 surrounding the depressions 14 in FIG. 3 and the raised areas 26 surrounding the depressions 24 in FIG. 4 . FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional or end view of the FIG. 1 (and FIG. 3 ) embodiment showing the two layers 30 and 40 that underlie the textured surface layer 12 , 22 coextruded with that layer. The middle, non-exposed layer 30 and the bottom layer exposed layer 40 are made of a butane linear low density polyethylene.
In both the examples of FIGS. 1 and 2 , the thickness of the layers is approximately as follows: the outer exposed layer is extruded at about 0.6 mils but with the foaming agent increased about three-fold to about 2 mils, the middle layer of butane is about 0.5 to 0.75 mils, and the inner exposed layer is also about 0.5 to 0.75 mils. The average combined thickness of the middle and inner layer is about 1.5 mils, which when combined with the outer textured layer (after expansion by foaming) yields an overall thickness of about 3.5 mils, as measured from the height of the raised sections adjacent to the surface depressions.
The thicknesses and the exact types of plastics used to form the various layers can vary significantly. For example, LDPE, LLDPE, PP, EVA and EMA are all materials that foam well and could be used to make materials with appropriate coefficients of friction and appropriate tear resistance, depending upon the particular requirements specified by a customer or other designer.
The embodiment of FIG. 2 is similar to the embodiment of FIG. 1 with regard to the number and thicknesses of the layers. In the embodiment of FIG. 2 , however, the depressions are more elongated and narrower than in FIG. 1 . For example the surface depression 24 in 2 has a length of about 0.3 inches, and a width of about 0.025 inches, yielding an aspect ratio of about 12 to 1. The surface layer of the FIG. 2 embodiment is comprised of raised striations of plastic that are longer and straighter than the raised areas of the FIG. 1 embodiment. As a result, the FIG. 2 embodiment is more easily torn. This tearability, however, may be useful in some instances where the surgical team wants to remove tubing or other components from a patient. In such instances, a cover that can be readily torn by hand may be afford an advantage over tougher covers, such as those containing a nonwoven surface layer.
Indeed, for certain specific kinds of surgeries, a combination of a tougher cover, such as the FIG. 1 embodiment, and a section of a more easily torn cover, such as that of the FIG. 2 embodiment, may be ideal. For example, because the materials of both FIGS. 1 and 2 are all plastic (without any nonwoven material), one or more windows may be cut out from a sheet made of the tougher FIG. 1 material, and a section of material made in accordance with FIG. 2 can by attached by heat sealing over (or under) the window cut from the tougher material.
FIG. 6 shows a patient drape 50 covering most of a patient 52 . Windows 32 and 34 have been cut from the drape 50 , and patches 33 and 35 , respectively, of a more easily torn material, such as that of the FIG. 2 embodiment discussed above, are place over and heat sealed to the outside surface of the drape. Alternatively, the patches could be heat sealed, or sealingly attached by other methods, to the inside surface of the drape 50 .
The present invention has been described by reference to examples, which are presently considered to be the most practical and best embodiments. However, it is important to understand that the invention is not limited to the disclosed description or to the particular examples shown and described, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications, improvements and equivalent arrangements that fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. | A surgical covering material formed by extruding a sheet, either by a blown film or a cast film process. The upper exposed layer of the material is made by using a foaming agent to create elongated depressions that are surrounded by raised areas. The alternating raised and depressed areas provide the material with a coefficient of friction that compares well to standard drape materials that include a non-woven layer. The raised and depressed areas also provide the material with hydrophilic and non-glare properties that make is a highly effective drape or covering material for use in making mayo stand covers, back table covers and patient drapes. The size and shape of the depressions may be varied to create materials of different toughness or tearability, and differing materials may be combined to form customized drapes with the ability to gain access or make pathways through the drape. | This paper discusses a novel surgical covering made from cast or blown film that has a textured, hydrophilic exposed surface. The covering provides the beneficial features of a nonwoven surface, such as frictional properties and non-glare characteristics, without the drawbacks of a nonwoven layer, such as additional cost and resistance to tearing. The surface of the covering contains depressions and raised areas, which are the result of including a foaming agent during the extrusion process. The inclusion of the foaming agent enhances the coefficient of friction and hydrophilic properties of the covering. The paper presents two embodiments of the covering, showing the differences in surface properties and tearability. The covering can be used for various surgical applications, and its tearability makes it suitable for creating windows or patches for specific surgical procedures. | {
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"query": "Summarize the context",
"context": "BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION \n The present invention relates to a surgical covering of the kind used to make, for example, mayo stand covers, back table covers and surgical drapes. \n For years, surgical covers, including mayo stand covers, back table covers and surgical drapes have been made of a laminated sheet including a nonwoven fabric adhered to a plastic film. For example, surgical drapes such as those sold by 3M (its Steri-Drape 9000) consist of a laminate of polypropylene fibers and a polyethylene film. Similar drapes or coverings are sold by Amcor Ltd and by Pliant Corp. Nonwoven materials have been the preferred surface for surgical covers and drapes because of its frictional properties (i.e., instruments do not readily slip on nonwoven surfaces) and they have the benefit of being tough, non-glaring and hydrophilic. \n Such laminates are relatively expensive to manufacture because of the additional cost of the nonwoven layer, and because there is an assembly step required by which the nonwoven must be connected to a film carrier layer. In addition, in some cases, fibers from the nonwoven layer (i.e., lint) may find their way into open wounds and may thereby adversely impact the sterility of the operating room environment. Finally, composites having a nonwoven upper layer are not easily ripped or opened up, and thus restrict a surgeon's ability to access areas of a patient's body in certain situations. \n At least one manufacturer (see U.S. Pat. No. 6,748,952) has attempted to make a surgical cover from a film by embossing the film after it has been extruded. While this approach does have the benefit of eliminating the nonwoven layer, this solution is also expensive to manufacture because of the separate embossing step. \n In some surgical drape applications, it is beneficial to allow the drape to be ripped from the edge or opened up to allow a surgeon to access an area of a patient previously covered. Nonwoven materials are generally quite tough and are not easily ripped or opened. \n Thus, there is a need for a surgical cover made from cast or blown film that results in a sheet having a textured, hydrophilic exposed surface that is non-glaring and that has the beneficial features of a nonwoven surface with respect to its frictional properties, but without the adverse aspects of a non-woven layer, such as its additional cost, resistance to tearing, and its lint-forming characteristics. The surgical cover described below has these features and advantages. \n \n \n \n BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS \n These and other features, aspects, objects, and advantages of the inventions described and claimed herein will become better understood upon consideration of the following detailed description, appended claims, and accompanying drawings where: \n FIG. 1 is a close-up view of the surface properties of one example of a surgical cover made in accordance with the inventions claimed herein. \n FIG. 2 is a close-up view of the surface properties of another example of a surgical cover made in accordance with the inventions claimed herein. \n FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the surface properties and a cross section of the surgical cover example of FIG. 1 . \n FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the surface properties and a cross section of the surgical cover example of FIG. 2 . \n FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an example of a surgical cover made in accordance with the inventions claimed herein. \n FIG. 6 is a perspective view of an exemplary patient drape made in accordance with the inventions claimed herein. \n \n \n \n It should be understood that the drawings are not necessarily to scale and that the embodiments are sometimes illustrated by graphic symbols, phantom lines, diagrammatic representations and fragmentary views. In certain instances, details which are not necessary for an understanding of the inventions described and claimed herein or which render other details difficult to perceive may have been omitted. It should be understood, of course, that the inventions described herein are not necessarily limited to the particular embodiments illustrated herein. \n DETAILED DESCRIPTION \n FIGS. 1 and 2 show two alternative embodiments of the surface of sheet material using the inventions claimed herein. The sheet 10 of FIG. 1 has surface depressions 14 that are elongated oval-like in shape and having length of up to about 0.135 inches. Between the oval-shaped depressions are raised areas 16 . The oval-like depressions are non-uniform in size and have the appearance of being be randomly disposed, varying in length from very small (as small as 0.025 inches or even smaller) up to about 0.135. The larger depressions have a width of about 0.25 inches. This yields an aspect ratio (i.e., a ratio of length to width) of about 5.4 to 1. \n In the FIG. 1 embodiment, the differences in elevation between the bottom of the depressions 14 and the maximum height of the raised areas 16 is about 2 mils in this particular example, wherein the gauge of the film without the foaming agent is 0.6 mils. The increase in apparent thickness of the layer is due to the inclusion of a foaming agent. However, the height difference will depend on several factors including the speed of extrusion, the amount of foaming agent used, and the type of material extruded. \n FIG. 2 shows an embodiment wherein the depressions 24 are substantially more elongated than the depressions 14 in the embodiment of FIG. 1 . As in FIG. 1 , the embodiment of FIG. 2 has raised areas 26 that surround the depressions 24 . The difference in the shape of the depressions of the FIG. 1 embodiment as compared to the FIG. 2 embodiment is the result of a different foaming agent, faster speed of extrusion and/or the amount of the foaming agent used. In both examples, the extrusion die openings for the three layers were the same, and the type of material used to form the middle and bottom layers were the same. \n The two different embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 were made using two different grades of foaming agent. The material of FIG. 1 was made using foaming agent CFAC-5050 MT supplied by Polyfil Corporation, while the material of FIG. 2 was made using foaming agent ANC-0540-445 also supplied by Polyfil Corporation. In both cases, the same amount of foaming agent was used, i.e., up to about 2% by weight of the resin/agent mixture. The materials of FIGS. 1 and 2 were extruded using a blown film process at an extrusion speed of about 90 feet per minute. Thus, the only significant difference between process used to make the material of FIG. 1 , as compared with FIG. 2 , was the particular foaming agent used. This difference resulted in a product having a somewhat different color in that the material of FIG. 2 is somewhat darker that the FIG. 2 material. \n In addition, and significant for purposes of its use as a surgical drape, the FIG. 2 material is much more easily torn in the direction of the extrusion than the material of FIG. 1 . The material of FIG. 2 can be easily torn by hand, without the use of any tools and without the use of excessive force. The tear-ability of the material can be varied by altering the extrusion speed, although the range of speed may be limited to between 80 and 100 feet per minute. If the extrusion is performed too fast, sufficient foaming action will not occur and if it is performed too slow, the bubbles will pop. However the particular speed required will depend upon the results desired and upon the specific foaming agent and other materials used. \n The depressions and adjacent raised portions are the result of the inclusion of a foaming agent in the feedstock of the plastic that is used in the process of extruding the sheet, and the depressions are the result of the stretching and bursting of bubbles formed by the foaming agent as the sheet leaves the extrusion die. The coefficient of friction (COF) provided by the use of the previously mentioned foaming agent gives results in terms of frictional properties that compare well to standard nonwoven drapes, as shown in the following table as measured by ASTM D-1894 (again, the particular results achieved will vary depending upon the particular materials and extrusion speed used to make the material): \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Coefficient of Friction \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Metal to film \n Metal to film \n Film to Film \n Film to Film \n \n \n Material \n (Kinetic) \n (Static) \n (Kinetic) \n (Static) \n \n \n \n \n \n Embodiment of \n 0.365 \n 0.390 \n 0.425 \n 0.490 \n \n \n FIG. 1 \n \n \n Nonwoven \n 0.220 \n 0.260 \n 0.410 \n 0.465 \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n The depressions and adjacent raised portions also contribute to another beneficial property of the claimed invention, namely its hydrophilic property. While the particular materials used in the preferred embodiments do not necessarily absorb moisture, the surface texture of the material is believed to disturb the interfacial forces of liquid droplets which contact the surface of the material, thereby breaking the droplets up into smaller droplets which tend to wet out on the material's surface. Moreover, the smaller liquid droplets tend to “stick” within the depressions on surface of the material, such that flow of the smaller liquid droplets is inhibited. For example, the two preferred embodiments disclosed herein can retain water droplets with a diameter on the order of 1/16″-⅛″, even when oriented in a vertical position. Such a property is desirable for surgical covering material to prevent moisture from contacting floor surfaces, thereby rendering the floor surfaces slippery, during surgery. \n The surface depressions and adjacent raised portions also contribute to the non-glare characteristic of the claimed inventions. The surface roughness of the material tends to disperse light to reduce luminance and glare, thereby mitigating eye strain and fatigue during surgery. The textured surface of the claimed invention can be characterized as satin-like. \n The FIG. 1 embodiment was made using a blown film extrusion line with a foaming agent manufactured by Polyfil, i.e., its CFAC-5050 MT Chemical Foam Concentrate, added to a low linear density polyethylene resin as the outer textured layer. The FIG. 2 embodiment was made the same way, but with a different foaming agent also manufactured by Polyfil, i.e., its ANC-0540-445. FIGS. 3 and 4 are perspective views of the FIGS. 1 and 2 embodiments, respectively, and they show the texture of the surfaces of the embodiments formed by the raised areas 16 surrounding the depressions 14 in FIG. 3 and the raised areas 26 surrounding the depressions 24 in FIG. 4 . FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional or end view of the FIG. 1 (and FIG. 3 ) embodiment showing the two layers 30 and 40 that underlie the textured surface layer 12 , 22 coextruded with that layer. The middle, non-exposed layer 30 and the bottom layer exposed layer 40 are made of a butane linear low density polyethylene. \n In both the examples of FIGS. 1 and 2 , the thickness of the layers is approximately as follows: the outer exposed layer is extruded at about 0.6 mils but with the foaming agent increased about three-fold to about 2 mils, the middle layer of butane is about 0.5 to 0.75 mils, and the inner exposed layer is also about 0.5 to 0.75 mils. The average combined thickness of the middle and inner layer is about 1.5 mils, which when combined with the outer textured layer (after expansion by foaming) yields an overall thickness of about 3.5 mils, as measured from the height of the raised sections adjacent to the surface depressions. \n The thicknesses and the exact types of plastics used to form the various layers can vary significantly. For example, LDPE, LLDPE, PP, EVA and EMA are all materials that foam well and could be used to make materials with appropriate coefficients of friction and appropriate tear resistance, depending upon the particular requirements specified by a customer or other designer. \n The embodiment of FIG. 2 is similar to the embodiment of FIG. 1 with regard to the number and thicknesses of the layers. In the embodiment of FIG. 2 , however, the depressions are more elongated and narrower than in FIG. 1 . For example the surface depression 24 in 2 has a length of about 0.3 inches, and a width of about 0.025 inches, yielding an aspect ratio of about 12 to 1. The surface layer of the FIG. 2 embodiment is comprised of raised striations of plastic that are longer and straighter than the raised areas of the FIG. 1 embodiment. As a result, the FIG. 2 embodiment is more easily torn. This tearability, however, may be useful in some instances where the surgical team wants to remove tubing or other components from a patient. In such instances, a cover that can be readily torn by hand may be afford an advantage over tougher covers, such as those containing a nonwoven surface layer. \n Indeed, for certain specific kinds of surgeries, a combination of a tougher cover, such as the FIG. 1 embodiment, and a section of a more easily torn cover, such as that of the FIG. 2 embodiment, may be ideal. For example, because the materials of both FIGS. 1 and 2 are all plastic (without any nonwoven material), one or more windows may be cut out from a sheet made of the tougher FIG. 1 material, and a section of material made in accordance with FIG. 2 can by attached by heat sealing over (or under) the window cut from the tougher material. \n FIG. 6 shows a patient drape 50 covering most of a patient 52 . Windows 32 and 34 have been cut from the drape 50 , and patches 33 and 35 , respectively, of a more easily torn material, such as that of the FIG. 2 embodiment discussed above, are place over and heat sealed to the outside surface of the drape. Alternatively, the patches could be heat sealed, or sealingly attached by other methods, to the inside surface of the drape 50 . \n The present invention has been described by reference to examples, which are presently considered to be the most practical and best embodiments. However, it is important to understand that the invention is not limited to the disclosed description or to the particular examples shown and described, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications, improvements and equivalent arrangements that fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.",
"response": "This paper discusses a novel surgical covering made from cast or blown film that has a textured, hydrophilic exposed surface. The covering provides the beneficial features of a nonwoven surface, such as frictional properties and non-glare characteristics, without the drawbacks of a nonwoven layer, such as additional cost and resistance to tearing. The surface of the covering contains depressions and raised areas, which are the result of including a foaming agent during the extrusion process. The inclusion of the foaming agent enhances the coefficient of friction and hydrophilic properties of the covering. The paper presents two embodiments of the covering, showing the differences in surface properties and tearability. The covering can be used for various surgical applications, and its tearability makes it suitable for creating windows or patches for specific surgical procedures."
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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] 1. Field of the Invention
[0002] This invention relates generally to personal storage devices and, more specifically, to a Wrist-mounted Storage Box Assembly
[0003] 2. Description of Related Art
[0004] It is common for women to carry their personal effects, such as cosmetics, wallets, keys and other items in a purse or “clutch.” Although the origins of the purse of clutch were utilitarian, their role has evolved over time. The purse is no longer common; it has become a clothing accessory for most women. Today, virtually all women own several different purses, wallets and clutches; this allows them to carry a different purse for different occasions and to match different outfits. The purse industry has exhibited explosive growth in response to this demand.
[0005] The problem with the conventional purse or clutch is they are generally available in only two basic forms: those with shoulder- or hand-held straps, or those that have no strap (and are handheld). While other attempts have been made at providing alternate forms pouches for carrying personal effects, none have had sufficient style and aesthetic beauty to be considered by women as an addition to their purse collection. An example of one attempt at an alternate carrying pouch is depicted in FIG. 1.
[0006] [0006]FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a prior art “wrist wallet and carrying pouch,” as disclosed in Mazzo, U.S. Pat. No. 5,588,571. The Mazzo wrist wallet and carrying pouch 10 consists of a soft pouch 12 that is wrapped around a wearer's wrist 14 , and secured thereto by a pair of straps 16 . While the Mazzo device arguably provides utility and convenience to the user by eliminating the need to carry a wallet in one's pocket or purse, it fails to be a suitable replacement for a woman's purse or clutch. First, the Mazzo device is not aesthetically pleasing; it's intent is to provide convenience and security, and it does not go beyond those objectives. Second, the Mazzo device is substantially flat when wrapped around the individual's wrist 14 ; while this form is fine for holding money, credit cards and identification cards and the like (items normally found in a wallet), it is not adequate to carry larger items, such as cellular telephones (which are now commonly carried in purses).
[0007] What is needed, therefore, is an alternative device for carrying an individual's personal items that is convenient, large enough in size to hold conventional cellular telephones, and aesthetically pleasing in shape and style.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0008] In light of the aforementioned problems associated with the prior devices and assemblies, it is an object of the present invention to provide a Wrist-mounted Storage Box Assembly. The device should have a substantially rigid, durable box that attaches to the user's wrist securely. Within the rigid box, there should be a pouch for retaining and organizing a variety of different personal objects of the user. Still further, the device/assembly should include one or more straps, etc. for holding a cellular telephone to the pouch, within the box. Finally, the device/assembly should have one or more apertures formed within the box to provide for the phone antennae and earphone cable, if desired.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0009] The objects and features of the present invention, which are believed to be novel, are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The present invention, both as to its organization and manner of operation, together with further objects and advantages, may best be understood by reference to the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, of which:
[0010] [0010]FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a prior art “wrist wallet and carrying pouch;
[0011] [0011]FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the wrist-mounted storage box assembly of the present invention;
[0012] [0012]FIG. 3 is another perspective view of the assembly of FIG. 2;
[0013] [0013]FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the box of the assembly of FIGS. 2 and 3, having the lid in the opened position;
[0014] [0014]FIG. 5 is a partially exploded perspective view of the assembly of FIGS. 2 and 3; and
[0015] [0015]FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the assembly of FIGS. 2, 3 and 5 , depicting embodiments of internal components of the assembly.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0016] The following description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the invention and sets forth the best modes contemplated by the inventor of carrying out her invention. Various modifications, however, will remain readily apparent to those skilled in the art, since the generic principles of the present invention have been defined herein specifically to provide a Wrist-mounted Storage Box Assembly.
[0017] The present invention can best be understood by initial consideration of FIG. 2. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the wrist-mounted storage box assembly 20 of the present invention. In this embodiment, the assembly 20 attaches in the vicinity of an individual's wrist 14 ; adjacent to the hand 18 . In it is believed that in other embodiments, the assembly 20 might actually attach to the individual's hand or fingers at one end, and at the wrist on its other end.
[0018] The assembly 20 attaches to the wrist 14 by first and second straps 24 and 26 . These straps 24 and 26 are made from durable material that will provide long life, while also being aesthetically pleasing; silk or other decorative cloths are examples of suitable materials of construction; elasticized material might also be employed. In other embodiments, more than two straps may be available in order to improved aesthetic appearance as well as a more positive attachment to the user's arm.
[0019] A unique aspect of the assembly 20 lies with the outer container 22 ; rather than providing a thin, soft-sided wallet for storing items in, this invention has a substantially hard-sided box 22 . The interior of the box 22 will preferably be accessible by opening the substantially hard lid 30 .
[0020] Although the box 22 is depicted as being very simple in form in this drawing figure, it should be understood that this is only an example to demonstrate one shape that is possible. In other embodiments, the box 22 includes a variety of decorative coverings, indicia and accessories. Furthermore, the box 22 may be circular, elliptical, or other shapes, and may also have sharp or rounded edges; this creates virtually unlimited style options. In every case, the box 22 will be elegant and unique in style in order to truly provide an alternative to the conventional purse or clutch, no matter what the occasion. If we now turn to FIG. 3, we can further examine the device of the present invention.
[0021] [0021]FIG. 3 is another perspective view of the assembly 20 of FIG. 2. This figure depicts a number of additional features, such as the latch 34 . The latch 34 in this embodiment is of the type that is fairly common to purse design, namely, a small rectangular latch that is twisted to align with an aperture in order to release it. Of course other conventional designs are intended for other embodiments. It is also shown there that the lid 30 is attached to the box 22 by a hinge 32 at one side; this permits the substantially hard lid to be easily opened to gain access to the inside of the box 22 . Still further shown here is a buckle 36 for adjusting length of the first strap 24 in order to make it fit a person's wrist properly. This buckle 36 is similar to, just smaller than a conventional belt buckle; depending upon the material that the straps 24 and 26 are made from, there may or may not be a buckle 36 of the type depicted included in the design. In fact, in some versions, elastic material may be used for the straps, or even chain or other decorative, durable material. Now turning to FIG. 4, we can begin to examine the internal components of the assembly 20 .
[0022] [0022]FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the box of the assembly of FIGS. 2 and 3, having the lid 30 in the opened position. As can be seen, in order to open the lid 30 , the user needed to simply twist the latch 34 ninety degrees, such that it aligns with the latch aperture 38 , after which the lid 30 can be lifted open. In this embodiment, a mirror 44 is displayed on the inner surface 42 of the lid; this location makes it extremely convenient for the wearer to access quickly. Since the assembly 20 is mounted to the hand or wrist, the user only has to raise their hand, release the latch 34 , and flip up the lid 30 in order to use the mirror 44 . The mirror 44 may be permanently integrated into the lid 30 , or it might be removable (or replaceable if broken). Not only can the device 20 be worn on either hand that the user chooses, but it also can be donned, removed and operated (i.e. accessed) with a single hand—this is not possible with any of the prior devices.
[0023] Also depicted here is the box bottom 43 ; it should be noticed that the bottom 43 has a curved shape in order to comfortably rest against the user's wrist or hand. In this embodiment, the lid 30 is also curved in order to provide a sleek package; again, in other designs, other shapes or configurations might be used. If we now consider the next drawing figure, we can examine additional novel features of the present invention.
[0024] [0024]FIG. 5 is a partially exploded perspective view of the assembly 20 of FIGS. 2 and 3. The interior chamber 40 , is configured to accept a pouch 46 within it, such that when the lid 30 is opened, the pouch 46 is easily accessible. The pouch 46 may be attached to the box bottom 43 , such as by hook-and-loop fasteners (not shown), or it can simply be resting inside the chamber 40 (to make it easier to remove when desired).
[0025] In this version, the pouch 46 is formed with a zippered opening 48 along one side (away from the hinge side of the lid 30 ). The zipper on the opening 48 provides security for loose items, such as change or cosmetics or other small items. Also shown on the top surface of the pouch 46 are a pair of retention devices 50 . The strap-type retention devices 50 are provided to permit the wearer to hold items therein to make them available very easily; whatever is held by the retention devices 50 will be immediately on top when the lid 30 is opened. The retention devices 50 should be strong yet aesthetically pleasing, and may be adjustable in length or elasticized. Finally, turning to FIG. 6, we can see how these retention devices 50 might be employed.
[0026] [0026]FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the assembly of FIGS. 2, 3 and 5 , wherein a conventional cellular telephone 52 is being held in place against the pouch 46 by the straps 50 A and 50 B. If the wearer receives a call, it is a simple matter to flip open the lid 30 and press the answer button on the cellular phone to answer a call; this is much simpler than if the cellular phone was held in a conventional purse, in the person's pocket, or even clipped on the belt.
[0027] While the devices 50 A and 50 B are shown here as being simple straps, it should be understood that other designs might be preferred. Specifically, custom holsters might be attachable to the pouch 46 ; the holster might be specially designed to hold a particular type of cellular telephone.
[0028] In some versions, an aperture 51 may be provided in one or more ends of the device 20 (or both, if desired). The apertures 51 are positioned for alignment with the antennae of the cellular telephone (typically at the top), or with the bottom of the cellular telephone for passing an earphone wire therethrough.
[0029] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various adaptations and modifications of the just-described preferred embodiment can be configured without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Therefore, it is to be understood that, within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced other than as specifically described herein. | A Wrist-mounted Storage Box Assembly is disclosed. The device has a substantially rigid, durable box that attaches to the user's wrist securely. Within the rigid box, there is a pouch for retaining and organizing a variety of different personal objects of the user. Still further, the device/assembly includes one or more straps, etc. for holding a cellular telephone to the pouch, within the box. Finally, the device/assembly has one or more apertures formed within the box to provide for the phone antennae and earphone cable, if desired. | This paper presents a wrist-mounted storage box assembly as an alternative to conventional purses or clutches. The assembly consists of a rigid box attached securely to the user's wrist, with a pouch inside for organizing personal items. It also includes straps for holding a cellular telephone to the pouch, and apertures for phone antennae and earphone cables. The assembly is aesthetically pleasing and provides convenience and style for women. Various embodiments and features of the assembly are described in detail, offering versatility and customization options. | {
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"query": "Summarize the context",
"context": "BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION \n [0001] 1. Field of the Invention \n [0002] This invention relates generally to personal storage devices and, more specifically, to a Wrist-mounted Storage Box Assembly \n [0003] 2. Description of Related Art \n [0004] It is common for women to carry their personal effects, such as cosmetics, wallets, keys and other items in a purse or “clutch.” Although the origins of the purse of clutch were utilitarian, their role has evolved over time. The purse is no longer common; it has become a clothing accessory for most women. Today, virtually all women own several different purses, wallets and clutches; this allows them to carry a different purse for different occasions and to match different outfits. The purse industry has exhibited explosive growth in response to this demand. \n [0005] The problem with the conventional purse or clutch is they are generally available in only two basic forms: those with shoulder- or hand-held straps, or those that have no strap (and are handheld). While other attempts have been made at providing alternate forms pouches for carrying personal effects, none have had sufficient style and aesthetic beauty to be considered by women as an addition to their purse collection. An example of one attempt at an alternate carrying pouch is depicted in FIG. 1. \n [0006] [0006]FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a prior art “wrist wallet and carrying pouch,” as disclosed in Mazzo, U.S. Pat. No. 5,588,571. The Mazzo wrist wallet and carrying pouch 10 consists of a soft pouch 12 that is wrapped around a wearer's wrist 14 , and secured thereto by a pair of straps 16 . While the Mazzo device arguably provides utility and convenience to the user by eliminating the need to carry a wallet in one's pocket or purse, it fails to be a suitable replacement for a woman's purse or clutch. First, the Mazzo device is not aesthetically pleasing; it's intent is to provide convenience and security, and it does not go beyond those objectives. Second, the Mazzo device is substantially flat when wrapped around the individual's wrist 14 ; while this form is fine for holding money, credit cards and identification cards and the like (items normally found in a wallet), it is not adequate to carry larger items, such as cellular telephones (which are now commonly carried in purses). \n [0007] What is needed, therefore, is an alternative device for carrying an individual's personal items that is convenient, large enough in size to hold conventional cellular telephones, and aesthetically pleasing in shape and style. \n SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION \n [0008] In light of the aforementioned problems associated with the prior devices and assemblies, it is an object of the present invention to provide a Wrist-mounted Storage Box Assembly. The device should have a substantially rigid, durable box that attaches to the user's wrist securely. Within the rigid box, there should be a pouch for retaining and organizing a variety of different personal objects of the user. Still further, the device/assembly should include one or more straps, etc. for holding a cellular telephone to the pouch, within the box. Finally, the device/assembly should have one or more apertures formed within the box to provide for the phone antennae and earphone cable, if desired. \n \n \n \n BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS \n [0009] The objects and features of the present invention, which are believed to be novel, are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The present invention, both as to its organization and manner of operation, together with further objects and advantages, may best be understood by reference to the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, of which: \n [0010] [0010]FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a prior art “wrist wallet and carrying pouch; \n [0011] [0011]FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the wrist-mounted storage box assembly of the present invention; \n [0012] [0012]FIG. 3 is another perspective view of the assembly of FIG. 2; \n [0013] [0013]FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the box of the assembly of FIGS. 2 and 3, having the lid in the opened position; \n [0014] [0014]FIG. 5 is a partially exploded perspective view of the assembly of FIGS. 2 and 3; and \n [0015] [0015]FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the assembly of FIGS. 2, 3 and 5 , depicting embodiments of internal components of the assembly. \n \n \n DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS \n [0016] The following description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the invention and sets forth the best modes contemplated by the inventor of carrying out her invention. Various modifications, however, will remain readily apparent to those skilled in the art, since the generic principles of the present invention have been defined herein specifically to provide a Wrist-mounted Storage Box Assembly. \n [0017] The present invention can best be understood by initial consideration of FIG. 2. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the wrist-mounted storage box assembly 20 of the present invention. In this embodiment, the assembly 20 attaches in the vicinity of an individual's wrist 14 ; adjacent to the hand 18 . In it is believed that in other embodiments, the assembly 20 might actually attach to the individual's hand or fingers at one end, and at the wrist on its other end. \n [0018] The assembly 20 attaches to the wrist 14 by first and second straps 24 and 26 . These straps 24 and 26 are made from durable material that will provide long life, while also being aesthetically pleasing; silk or other decorative cloths are examples of suitable materials of construction; elasticized material might also be employed. In other embodiments, more than two straps may be available in order to improved aesthetic appearance as well as a more positive attachment to the user's arm. \n [0019] A unique aspect of the assembly 20 lies with the outer container 22 ; rather than providing a thin, soft-sided wallet for storing items in, this invention has a substantially hard-sided box 22 . The interior of the box 22 will preferably be accessible by opening the substantially hard lid 30 . \n [0020] Although the box 22 is depicted as being very simple in form in this drawing figure, it should be understood that this is only an example to demonstrate one shape that is possible. In other embodiments, the box 22 includes a variety of decorative coverings, indicia and accessories. Furthermore, the box 22 may be circular, elliptical, or other shapes, and may also have sharp or rounded edges; this creates virtually unlimited style options. In every case, the box 22 will be elegant and unique in style in order to truly provide an alternative to the conventional purse or clutch, no matter what the occasion. If we now turn to FIG. 3, we can further examine the device of the present invention. \n [0021] [0021]FIG. 3 is another perspective view of the assembly 20 of FIG. 2. This figure depicts a number of additional features, such as the latch 34 . The latch 34 in this embodiment is of the type that is fairly common to purse design, namely, a small rectangular latch that is twisted to align with an aperture in order to release it. Of course other conventional designs are intended for other embodiments. It is also shown there that the lid 30 is attached to the box 22 by a hinge 32 at one side; this permits the substantially hard lid to be easily opened to gain access to the inside of the box 22 . Still further shown here is a buckle 36 for adjusting length of the first strap 24 in order to make it fit a person's wrist properly. This buckle 36 is similar to, just smaller than a conventional belt buckle; depending upon the material that the straps 24 and 26 are made from, there may or may not be a buckle 36 of the type depicted included in the design. In fact, in some versions, elastic material may be used for the straps, or even chain or other decorative, durable material. Now turning to FIG. 4, we can begin to examine the internal components of the assembly 20 . \n [0022] [0022]FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the box of the assembly of FIGS. 2 and 3, having the lid 30 in the opened position. As can be seen, in order to open the lid 30 , the user needed to simply twist the latch 34 ninety degrees, such that it aligns with the latch aperture 38 , after which the lid 30 can be lifted open. In this embodiment, a mirror 44 is displayed on the inner surface 42 of the lid; this location makes it extremely convenient for the wearer to access quickly. Since the assembly 20 is mounted to the hand or wrist, the user only has to raise their hand, release the latch 34 , and flip up the lid 30 in order to use the mirror 44 . The mirror 44 may be permanently integrated into the lid 30 , or it might be removable (or replaceable if broken). Not only can the device 20 be worn on either hand that the user chooses, but it also can be donned, removed and operated (i.e. accessed) with a single hand—this is not possible with any of the prior devices. \n [0023] Also depicted here is the box bottom 43 ; it should be noticed that the bottom 43 has a curved shape in order to comfortably rest against the user's wrist or hand. In this embodiment, the lid 30 is also curved in order to provide a sleek package; again, in other designs, other shapes or configurations might be used. If we now consider the next drawing figure, we can examine additional novel features of the present invention. \n [0024] [0024]FIG. 5 is a partially exploded perspective view of the assembly 20 of FIGS. 2 and 3. The interior chamber 40 , is configured to accept a pouch 46 within it, such that when the lid 30 is opened, the pouch 46 is easily accessible. The pouch 46 may be attached to the box bottom 43 , such as by hook-and-loop fasteners (not shown), or it can simply be resting inside the chamber 40 (to make it easier to remove when desired). \n [0025] In this version, the pouch 46 is formed with a zippered opening 48 along one side (away from the hinge side of the lid 30 ). The zipper on the opening 48 provides security for loose items, such as change or cosmetics or other small items. Also shown on the top surface of the pouch 46 are a pair of retention devices 50 . The strap-type retention devices 50 are provided to permit the wearer to hold items therein to make them available very easily; whatever is held by the retention devices 50 will be immediately on top when the lid 30 is opened. The retention devices 50 should be strong yet aesthetically pleasing, and may be adjustable in length or elasticized. Finally, turning to FIG. 6, we can see how these retention devices 50 might be employed. \n [0026] [0026]FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the assembly of FIGS. 2, 3 and 5 , wherein a conventional cellular telephone 52 is being held in place against the pouch 46 by the straps 50 A and 50 B. If the wearer receives a call, it is a simple matter to flip open the lid 30 and press the answer button on the cellular phone to answer a call; this is much simpler than if the cellular phone was held in a conventional purse, in the person's pocket, or even clipped on the belt. \n [0027] While the devices 50 A and 50 B are shown here as being simple straps, it should be understood that other designs might be preferred. Specifically, custom holsters might be attachable to the pouch 46 ; the holster might be specially designed to hold a particular type of cellular telephone. \n [0028] In some versions, an aperture 51 may be provided in one or more ends of the device 20 (or both, if desired). The apertures 51 are positioned for alignment with the antennae of the cellular telephone (typically at the top), or with the bottom of the cellular telephone for passing an earphone wire therethrough. \n [0029] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various adaptations and modifications of the just-described preferred embodiment can be configured without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Therefore, it is to be understood that, within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced other than as specifically described herein.",
"response": "This paper presents a wrist-mounted storage box assembly as an alternative to conventional purses or clutches. The assembly consists of a rigid box attached securely to the user's wrist, with a pouch inside for organizing personal items. It also includes straps for holding a cellular telephone to the pouch, and apertures for phone antennae and earphone cables. The assembly is aesthetically pleasing and provides convenience and style for women. Various embodiments and features of the assembly are described in detail, offering versatility and customization options."
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CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation-in-part of the copending application Ser. No. 255,247 entitled "Method and Apparatus For Monitoring Vascular Flow" and filed on Apr. 17, 1981 now abandoned.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates in general to a method and apparatus for measurement of blood flow and more particularly to the measurement of blood flow with an implantable device, especially suitable for use in conjunction with both micro- and macrosurgical procedures.
The principle of reconstructive vascular surgery is to provide and maintain blood flow to tissues and organs. With circulatory interruption distal tissues become ischemic. Over time this ischemia progresses from a reversible form (one in which restoration of blood flow re-establishes tissue viability) to an irreversible form (one in which there is cell death and irrevocable tissue damage).
Of prime importance is the monitoring of the patients, specifically the area which has been vascularized, so that if there is circulatory embarrassment it is discovered during the period of reversible ischemia. With early intervention and correction, tissue viability is restored and preserved.
Various techniques have been employed in the past for measuring blood flow in large and small blood vessels. These have included direct observation (blanche and refill technique) in tissues with a cutaneous component; Doppler and ultra sound monitors; transcutaneous oxygen probes; laser optic monitors; tracer scans; arteriography; and electromagnetic flow meters. All of these methods are limited in that they are either episodic in their monitoring, risky in their application, or not entirely reliable in their interpretation.
What is needed is a monitor that can be placed under direct vision next to a vessel and which would give continuous, reliable information regarding blood flow through that vessel; and one which would warn of any flow abnormalities. When no longer needed, the monitor should have the ability to be removed atraumatically and transcutaneously. Its use should be valid in all types of vascular surgery (microsurgical, macrosurgical) and in all types of repairs (arteries, veins, vein grafts, prosthetic grafts). Uses may also include monitoring organ function, for example for diagnosis.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Broadly speaking, the present invention in one aspect measures blood flow within vessels by measuring the temperatures of the blood vessels, both proximal and distal to an anastomatic repair. This may be done by measuring these temperatures that exist ambiently within the body on a continual basis or by providing heat to the system and noting the rates of dissipation proximal and distal to the anastomatic repair. The device of the invention includes a thermal sensor which can be placed over a portion of the blood vessel with leads taken out transcutaneously to a temperature monitor.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
In the drawing:
FIG. 1 is an illustration in perspective view of a blood flow sensor constructed in accordance with principles of this invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the sensor of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an illustration of sensors constructed in accordance with principles of this invention attached at proximal and distal locations on a blood vessel for practicing the method of the invention;
FIG. 4 is an illustration in perspective view of a different embodiment of a sensor constructed in accordance with principles of this invention; and
FIGS. 5a, b, c and d are illustrations in generally schematic form of an example of the practice of the method of this invention.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, there is illustrated one embodiment of the device of the invention. A silicon elastomer tubing 10, which typically would be formed of a tubing having 1.1 mm internal diameter and 1.7 mm external diameter, has one end cut away leaving a semilunar cap section 14, in which is embedded a thermal sensor in the form of a thermocouple 16. Electrical leads 15 from the thermocouple 16 are brought out through the full tubing section 12 of the elastomer tube. The semi-lunar cap, or sheath, is placed in close juxtaposition around blood vessel 6, with the thermocouple element 16 immediately adjacent to the adventitia of the vessel. The thermocouple 16 may be any suitable thermocouple such as those manufactured as type T by Omega Electronics, Hartford, Conn. A suitable thermocouple was made by stripping Teflon insulation from the ends of matched, 3 mil constantan and chromel alloys. After twisting the ends together on one side and soldering them, the thermocouple junction was insulated by dipping in a dilute solution of lacquer and glyptol. While a thermocouple is illustrated in FIG. 1, the temperature sensor could be formed of a thermistor or any other suitably sized, suitably sensitive, temperature detector.
The polymer housed thermocouple unit which FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate is specifically designed such that the thermocouple and its insulation are enclosed within the polymer cylinder. The polymer cylinder is flattened and semilunar at one end and is structured in such a way to allow the thermocouple junction to remain only a fraction of a millimeter from the surface temperature to be measured. The polymer housing is constructed in such a way as to allow laxity of thermocouple wiring within the polymer housing such that any longitudinal traction on the housing will not disrupt and damage the thermocouple. Further, the polymer housing of a silicone or other typical innert flexible, stretchable and malleable material is made in such a way as to allow a suture needle to be driven easily through the housing with which attachment of the housing to an appropriate tissue location can be utilized. The various sizes of the polymer housing are made to appropriately fit the tissue mounting purpose which is required in the specific clinical use. Further, the housing is constructed in such a way with a smooth external surface such that adherence to surrounding tissues is minimized and, thus, the entire unit can be extracted transcutaneously from the indwelling wound in a trauma-free way.
With reference to FIG. 3, the blood flow detector of the invention is shown implanted within the human leg. In this embodiment, a control sensor 20 is sutured to the perivascular tissue around artery 30 at a location above the point of anastomisis to the artery of the vascularized tissue transfer (flap) 34. A second probe 22, identical to the first, is sutured, again through sutures 24 to the perivascular tissue around the artery 30 at a point proximal to the vascularized tissue flap 34. The leads 25 and 27, respectively, from the control probe and the flap probe, are brought out through the skin to connect to a temperature monitor 30. The monitor as is illustrated schematically can present separate readings for temperature of the control probe and the flap probe, or could be arranged to provide only a differential temperature output. Additionally, the monitor 30 is shown as providing an alarm, which will provide a visual or audio output when the differential between the temperature at the control probe and the flap probe exceeds a predetermined amount. A suitable monitor is that sold under the type designation TH-6, by Bailey Instrument Inc. of Saddle Brook, N.J.
Procedurally, the probes illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, are attached with sutures to the tissue around the artery after completion of the surgical anastomisis, and the leads are taken out through the skin in a manner similar to drains. The wound is then closed and the temperature monitored on a continual basis. It has been found, in animal tests, that occlusion of the artery will result in a temperature drop of approximately 1° Centigrade. This is in contrast to a significantly lesser drop in temperature as measured by the two probes when the artery is patent. When the monitor is no longer needed, approximately 72 hours after completion of the surgery, the sutures 24 have absorbed and the leads may be atraumatically and transcutaneously removed.
In FIG. 4 there is illustrated a second embodiment of a sensor configuration suitable for use in the invention. In the probe of FIG. 4, the silicon elastomer tubing 40 has had a section at the end cut as shown to produce a series of tabs 42. A heat sensor 46, which would typically be a thermistor or thermocouple, is again embedded in the upper wall of the sheath in a manner similar to that described for the embodiment of FIG. 2. In application, the probe of FIG. 4 is slipped over the artery and is held in place by virtue of the gripping action of the tabs 42. In this embodiment, then, no sutures would be utilized.
A sensor or probe for practice of the invention thus has a support element that carries a thermal sensor element. The support element is of readily sterilized, surgical grade, electrically insulating material which is chemically inert to the body in which it is implanted. Further, to facilitate removal of the probe, the material is of a character to which body tissue does not adhere or cling and into which tissue does not grow. The support element is configured to dispose the thermal element in the desired heat transfer relation with the tissue being monitored. The illustrated support element structures have at least a partial tubular configuration to dispose the thermal element close to, if not contiguous with, a vascular body member, e.g. a vessel. In one illustrated instance, i.e. FIG. 1, the support element is sutured in place, and in another instance, i.e. FIG. 4, the support element is configured for resiliently and releasably attaching to the vascular member.
The support element preferably is arranged, moreover, for atraumatic and transcutaneous removal from the implantation site being monitored simply upon pulling on the electrical leads from the thermal element. This feature of a support element according to the invention calls for the probe to be elongated longitudinal with the extension of the leads from the sensor element and to have sufficient pliability and streamlined configuration (e.g. be free of rigid lateral protruberances) for safe extraction in this manner from the body in which it is implanted.
As further described, the thermal sensor element of the probe is affixed to the support element, typically on or recessed in an inner tubular surface thereof.
In FIG. 5 there is illustrated a series of experiments demonstrating the method of this invention, utilizing the principles of heat generation through frictional flow. Thermistor monitors were used to correlate temperature drops with occlusions in one-to-two mm blood vessels in experimental animals. In Sprague-Dawley rats, New Zealand white rabbits, and mongrel dogs, three flow-occlusion models were tested with implantable thermistor monitors to directly measure vessel temperature. In FIG. 5a there is illustrated a single sensor monitoring of a femoral artery with repeated occlusions and releases. This experiment was carried out with six 300 mg Sprague-Dawley rats. In FIG. 5b, there is illustrated schematically the simultaneous monitoring of a femoral artery with monitors proximal and distal to a situs of occlusion. This experiment was carried out with three 300 mg Sprague-Dawley rats, two 3 kg New Zealand white rabbits and two 30 kg mongrel dogs. In FIG. 5c there is illustrated the simultaneously monitoring of the arterial inflow into an isolated epigastric flap, based on the inferior epigastric vessels, with and without occlusion. This experiment was carried out on five 3 kg New Zealand white rabbit.
In all of the experiments illustrated schematically in FIG. 5 the blood vessels were exposed and the sensors secured with the thermistors flush to the adventitia of the particular vessels. The signal lines from the sensors were brought out through separate sites. A standard vessel occlusion loop was placed around the femoral artery and also brought out with a small catheter through a separate opening. The wounds were then closed. Free flowing base line data was established and thereafter the vessels were occluded. After data related to the occlusion was recorded, the occlusion loop was reopened and flow data again recorded. At the conclusion of each of the experiments the sensors were removed transcutaneously and the wound was then opened and the vessels examined for injury.
The results of the above described experiments were as follows:
(a) the occlusion of the vessels in the rats resulted in a 1° Centrigrade drop in temperature at the point distal to the point of occlusion,
(b) occluding the blood vessels in rabbits and dogs resulted in a 0.5° Centigrade drop in temperature at a point distal to the point of occlusion,
(c) in all of the experiments reestablishment of the flow following the removal of the occlusion resulted in a all of the temperature readings returning to the previous base line,
(d) the transcutaneous removal of the sensor resulted in no trauma to the blood vessels.
In the preferred method described the blood flow through the vessels results in maintenance of temperature at the sensors, while occlusion results in decreased temperature. However, there may be situations, for example in locations deep within a body, where the ambient temperature is sufficiently high so that even when the vessel is occluded the temperature will not drop appreciably. One method which may be used under such circumstances is to provide heat to the sensors, for example electrical current to the thermocouples. Blood flow through the vessel will then cool the thermocouples at an essentially equal rate. If, however, there is an occlusion, the lack of flow within the vessel at the sensor distal to the occlusion will result in a slower rate of cooling at that sensor. This differential may be monitored by conventional techniques, thus providing an indication of occlusion.
It is believed that the utility of the heat sensing probe techniques and devices of this invention in diagnosing vascular disturbance within a free tissue transfer can include topical application of the probe on the surface of the free tissue transfer or within the substance of the transfer itself. Although the temperature differential between a proximal vessel and a distal vessel supplying the transfer, as exemplified in the foregoing illustrated embodiments, may be amongst the most sensitive methods of tissue transfer monitoring, it is considered that other sources of heat production may be used as the control source within the body, such as an adjacent viscus or muscle which is deep within the body or extremity, and utilize the parenchyma of the transferred tissue as the monitoring surface analogous to the distal artery. This technique may be particularly useful where the medical risk of placing the probe in contact with the vessel is extensive and there is acceptable reliability in placing the thermocouple in contact with the tissue to be transferred or a proximal heat source.
Having described the invention, various modifications and additions will occur to those skilled in the art, and the invention should be construed as limited only by the spirit and scope of the appended claims. | A method and device for measuring blood flow through a blood vessel within human or animal bodies. It utilizes the principle of energy conversion to heat by myocardial activity, organ metabolism, and laminar frictional flow in blood vessels and measures the heat dissipation through the vessel wall with obstruction to flow. When the device of the invention is placed next to the vessel wall, the output signal correlates blood flow with temperature. With an obstruction to flow, the temperature drops. The device is placed in series proximal and distal to the repaired vessel to be studied. The leads are brought through the skin and attached to a temperature monitor. | This paper presents a method and apparatus for monitoring blood flow in vascular surgery using an implantable device. The device measures the temperatures of blood vessels proximal and distal to an anastomotic repair to determine blood flow. The device includes a thermal sensor embedded in a silicon elastomer tubing, which is placed around the blood vessel. The sensor is connected to a temperature monitor via transcutaneous leads. The paper describes different embodiments of the device and provides experimental results demonstrating its effectiveness in measuring blood flow during vessel occlusion and reestablishment of flow. The device can be easily removed transcutaneously without causing trauma to the blood vessels. The paper concludes by suggesting potential applications of the device in diagnosing vascular disturbances in free tissue transfers. | {
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"query": "Summarize the context",
"context": "CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS \n This application is a continuation-in-part of the copending application Ser. No. 255,247 entitled "Method and Apparatus For Monitoring Vascular Flow" and filed on Apr. 17, 1981 now abandoned. \n \n \n BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION \n This invention relates in general to a method and apparatus for measurement of blood flow and more particularly to the measurement of blood flow with an implantable device, especially suitable for use in conjunction with both micro- and macrosurgical procedures. \n The principle of reconstructive vascular surgery is to provide and maintain blood flow to tissues and organs. With circulatory interruption distal tissues become ischemic. Over time this ischemia progresses from a reversible form (one in which restoration of blood flow re-establishes tissue viability) to an irreversible form (one in which there is cell death and irrevocable tissue damage). \n Of prime importance is the monitoring of the patients, specifically the area which has been vascularized, so that if there is circulatory embarrassment it is discovered during the period of reversible ischemia. With early intervention and correction, tissue viability is restored and preserved. \n Various techniques have been employed in the past for measuring blood flow in large and small blood vessels. These have included direct observation (blanche and refill technique) in tissues with a cutaneous component; Doppler and ultra sound monitors; transcutaneous oxygen probes; laser optic monitors; tracer scans; arteriography; and electromagnetic flow meters. All of these methods are limited in that they are either episodic in their monitoring, risky in their application, or not entirely reliable in their interpretation. \n What is needed is a monitor that can be placed under direct vision next to a vessel and which would give continuous, reliable information regarding blood flow through that vessel; and one which would warn of any flow abnormalities. When no longer needed, the monitor should have the ability to be removed atraumatically and transcutaneously. Its use should be valid in all types of vascular surgery (microsurgical, macrosurgical) and in all types of repairs (arteries, veins, vein grafts, prosthetic grafts). Uses may also include monitoring organ function, for example for diagnosis. \n SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION \n Broadly speaking, the present invention in one aspect measures blood flow within vessels by measuring the temperatures of the blood vessels, both proximal and distal to an anastomatic repair. This may be done by measuring these temperatures that exist ambiently within the body on a continual basis or by providing heat to the system and noting the rates of dissipation proximal and distal to the anastomatic repair. The device of the invention includes a thermal sensor which can be placed over a portion of the blood vessel with leads taken out transcutaneously to a temperature monitor. \n \n \n DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING \n In the drawing: \n FIG. 1 is an illustration in perspective view of a blood flow sensor constructed in accordance with principles of this invention; \n FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the sensor of FIG. 1; \n FIG. 3 is an illustration of sensors constructed in accordance with principles of this invention attached at proximal and distal locations on a blood vessel for practicing the method of the invention; \n FIG. 4 is an illustration in perspective view of a different embodiment of a sensor constructed in accordance with principles of this invention; and \n FIGS. 5a, b, c and d are illustrations in generally schematic form of an example of the practice of the method of this invention. \n \n \n DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS \n Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, there is illustrated one embodiment of the device of the invention. A silicon elastomer tubing 10, which typically would be formed of a tubing having 1.1 mm internal diameter and 1.7 mm external diameter, has one end cut away leaving a semilunar cap section 14, in which is embedded a thermal sensor in the form of a thermocouple 16. Electrical leads 15 from the thermocouple 16 are brought out through the full tubing section 12 of the elastomer tube. The semi-lunar cap, or sheath, is placed in close juxtaposition around blood vessel 6, with the thermocouple element 16 immediately adjacent to the adventitia of the vessel. The thermocouple 16 may be any suitable thermocouple such as those manufactured as type T by Omega Electronics, Hartford, Conn. A suitable thermocouple was made by stripping Teflon insulation from the ends of matched, 3 mil constantan and chromel alloys. After twisting the ends together on one side and soldering them, the thermocouple junction was insulated by dipping in a dilute solution of lacquer and glyptol. While a thermocouple is illustrated in FIG. 1, the temperature sensor could be formed of a thermistor or any other suitably sized, suitably sensitive, temperature detector. \n The polymer housed thermocouple unit which FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate is specifically designed such that the thermocouple and its insulation are enclosed within the polymer cylinder. The polymer cylinder is flattened and semilunar at one end and is structured in such a way to allow the thermocouple junction to remain only a fraction of a millimeter from the surface temperature to be measured. The polymer housing is constructed in such a way as to allow laxity of thermocouple wiring within the polymer housing such that any longitudinal traction on the housing will not disrupt and damage the thermocouple. Further, the polymer housing of a silicone or other typical innert flexible, stretchable and malleable material is made in such a way as to allow a suture needle to be driven easily through the housing with which attachment of the housing to an appropriate tissue location can be utilized. The various sizes of the polymer housing are made to appropriately fit the tissue mounting purpose which is required in the specific clinical use. Further, the housing is constructed in such a way with a smooth external surface such that adherence to surrounding tissues is minimized and, thus, the entire unit can be extracted transcutaneously from the indwelling wound in a trauma-free way. \n With reference to FIG. 3, the blood flow detector of the invention is shown implanted within the human leg. In this embodiment, a control sensor 20 is sutured to the perivascular tissue around artery 30 at a location above the point of anastomisis to the artery of the vascularized tissue transfer (flap) 34. A second probe 22, identical to the first, is sutured, again through sutures 24 to the perivascular tissue around the artery 30 at a point proximal to the vascularized tissue flap 34. The leads 25 and 27, respectively, from the control probe and the flap probe, are brought out through the skin to connect to a temperature monitor 30. The monitor as is illustrated schematically can present separate readings for temperature of the control probe and the flap probe, or could be arranged to provide only a differential temperature output. Additionally, the monitor 30 is shown as providing an alarm, which will provide a visual or audio output when the differential between the temperature at the control probe and the flap probe exceeds a predetermined amount. A suitable monitor is that sold under the type designation TH-6, by Bailey Instrument Inc. of Saddle Brook, N.J. \n Procedurally, the probes illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, are attached with sutures to the tissue around the artery after completion of the surgical anastomisis, and the leads are taken out through the skin in a manner similar to drains. The wound is then closed and the temperature monitored on a continual basis. It has been found, in animal tests, that occlusion of the artery will result in a temperature drop of approximately 1° Centigrade. This is in contrast to a significantly lesser drop in temperature as measured by the two probes when the artery is patent. When the monitor is no longer needed, approximately 72 hours after completion of the surgery, the sutures 24 have absorbed and the leads may be atraumatically and transcutaneously removed. \n In FIG. 4 there is illustrated a second embodiment of a sensor configuration suitable for use in the invention. In the probe of FIG. 4, the silicon elastomer tubing 40 has had a section at the end cut as shown to produce a series of tabs 42. A heat sensor 46, which would typically be a thermistor or thermocouple, is again embedded in the upper wall of the sheath in a manner similar to that described for the embodiment of FIG. 2. In application, the probe of FIG. 4 is slipped over the artery and is held in place by virtue of the gripping action of the tabs 42. In this embodiment, then, no sutures would be utilized. \n A sensor or probe for practice of the invention thus has a support element that carries a thermal sensor element. The support element is of readily sterilized, surgical grade, electrically insulating material which is chemically inert to the body in which it is implanted. Further, to facilitate removal of the probe, the material is of a character to which body tissue does not adhere or cling and into which tissue does not grow. The support element is configured to dispose the thermal element in the desired heat transfer relation with the tissue being monitored. The illustrated support element structures have at least a partial tubular configuration to dispose the thermal element close to, if not contiguous with, a vascular body member, e.g. a vessel. In one illustrated instance, i.e. FIG. 1, the support element is sutured in place, and in another instance, i.e. FIG. 4, the support element is configured for resiliently and releasably attaching to the vascular member. \n The support element preferably is arranged, moreover, for atraumatic and transcutaneous removal from the implantation site being monitored simply upon pulling on the electrical leads from the thermal element. This feature of a support element according to the invention calls for the probe to be elongated longitudinal with the extension of the leads from the sensor element and to have sufficient pliability and streamlined configuration (e.g. be free of rigid lateral protruberances) for safe extraction in this manner from the body in which it is implanted. \n As further described, the thermal sensor element of the probe is affixed to the support element, typically on or recessed in an inner tubular surface thereof. \n In FIG. 5 there is illustrated a series of experiments demonstrating the method of this invention, utilizing the principles of heat generation through frictional flow. Thermistor monitors were used to correlate temperature drops with occlusions in one-to-two mm blood vessels in experimental animals. In Sprague-Dawley rats, New Zealand white rabbits, and mongrel dogs, three flow-occlusion models were tested with implantable thermistor monitors to directly measure vessel temperature. In FIG. 5a there is illustrated a single sensor monitoring of a femoral artery with repeated occlusions and releases. This experiment was carried out with six 300 mg Sprague-Dawley rats. In FIG. 5b, there is illustrated schematically the simultaneous monitoring of a femoral artery with monitors proximal and distal to a situs of occlusion. This experiment was carried out with three 300 mg Sprague-Dawley rats, two 3 kg New Zealand white rabbits and two 30 kg mongrel dogs. In FIG. 5c there is illustrated the simultaneously monitoring of the arterial inflow into an isolated epigastric flap, based on the inferior epigastric vessels, with and without occlusion. This experiment was carried out on five 3 kg New Zealand white rabbit. \n In all of the experiments illustrated schematically in FIG. 5 the blood vessels were exposed and the sensors secured with the thermistors flush to the adventitia of the particular vessels. The signal lines from the sensors were brought out through separate sites. A standard vessel occlusion loop was placed around the femoral artery and also brought out with a small catheter through a separate opening. The wounds were then closed. Free flowing base line data was established and thereafter the vessels were occluded. After data related to the occlusion was recorded, the occlusion loop was reopened and flow data again recorded. At the conclusion of each of the experiments the sensors were removed transcutaneously and the wound was then opened and the vessels examined for injury. \n The results of the above described experiments were as follows: \n (a) the occlusion of the vessels in the rats resulted in a 1° Centrigrade drop in temperature at the point distal to the point of occlusion, \n (b) occluding the blood vessels in rabbits and dogs resulted in a 0.5° Centigrade drop in temperature at a point distal to the point of occlusion, \n (c) in all of the experiments reestablishment of the flow following the removal of the occlusion resulted in a all of the temperature readings returning to the previous base line, \n (d) the transcutaneous removal of the sensor resulted in no trauma to the blood vessels. \n In the preferred method described the blood flow through the vessels results in maintenance of temperature at the sensors, while occlusion results in decreased temperature. However, there may be situations, for example in locations deep within a body, where the ambient temperature is sufficiently high so that even when the vessel is occluded the temperature will not drop appreciably. One method which may be used under such circumstances is to provide heat to the sensors, for example electrical current to the thermocouples. Blood flow through the vessel will then cool the thermocouples at an essentially equal rate. If, however, there is an occlusion, the lack of flow within the vessel at the sensor distal to the occlusion will result in a slower rate of cooling at that sensor. This differential may be monitored by conventional techniques, thus providing an indication of occlusion. \n It is believed that the utility of the heat sensing probe techniques and devices of this invention in diagnosing vascular disturbance within a free tissue transfer can include topical application of the probe on the surface of the free tissue transfer or within the substance of the transfer itself. Although the temperature differential between a proximal vessel and a distal vessel supplying the transfer, as exemplified in the foregoing illustrated embodiments, may be amongst the most sensitive methods of tissue transfer monitoring, it is considered that other sources of heat production may be used as the control source within the body, such as an adjacent viscus or muscle which is deep within the body or extremity, and utilize the parenchyma of the transferred tissue as the monitoring surface analogous to the distal artery. This technique may be particularly useful where the medical risk of placing the probe in contact with the vessel is extensive and there is acceptable reliability in placing the thermocouple in contact with the tissue to be transferred or a proximal heat source. \n Having described the invention, various modifications and additions will occur to those skilled in the art, and the invention should be construed as limited only by the spirit and scope of the appended claims.",
"response": "This paper presents a method and apparatus for monitoring blood flow in vascular surgery using an implantable device. The device measures the temperatures of blood vessels proximal and distal to an anastomotic repair to determine blood flow. The device includes a thermal sensor embedded in a silicon elastomer tubing, which is placed around the blood vessel. The sensor is connected to a temperature monitor via transcutaneous leads. The paper describes different embodiments of the device and provides experimental results demonstrating its effectiveness in measuring blood flow during vessel occlusion and reestablishment of flow. The device can be easily removed transcutaneously without causing trauma to the blood vessels. The paper concludes by suggesting potential applications of the device in diagnosing vascular disturbances in free tissue transfers."
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FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates portable medical gas administration systems, particularly to portable oxygen systems.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The administration of gases such as oxygen for therapeutic purposes has long been known. Presently, there are a variety of systems used for the storage and delivery of oxygen. A first example uses compressed oxygen cylinders known as “green tanks”, which are usually large tanks or “H tanks” delivered to the patient's home and secured in a safe corner of a room. Portable smaller units are used for transport, including wheel-carried “E” tanks as well as “A”, “B”, “C”, and “D” tanks, which are commonly shoulder-carried.
[0003] An alternative system uses oxygen concentrators, which concentrate oxygen from the air and deliver it to the patient. Until recently, oxygen concentrators were usually not portable, and still require electricity to work. Patients using oxygen concentrators typically have portable E tanks on hand to be used for backup in case of power failure. Oxygen concentrators are often used for individuals who are on oxygen only at night, but can be used 24 hours per day.
[0004] A more recent and relatively costly development is the use of liquid oxygen systems, which usually consist of a large silver main tank and one or two portable units. The portable units are used as needed for travel outside of the home. When they are empty, they can be refilled from the large tank. Portable units usually weigh four to ten pounds and can be carried with a shoulder strap or cart.
[0005] Patients requiring long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) are often in an acute or chronic weakened state. Their very condition makes it difficult for them to carry relatively heavy tanks, thus making it difficult for such patients to use portable oxygen systems. This can result in the patient feeling housebound, which may worsen the patient's physical and psychological condition and hamper recovery or wellness.
[0006] In an attempt to ameliorate such a situation, various oxygen tank carrying systems have been developed. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,003,704 to Culjak is directed to a lumbar supported carrier for oxygen tanks including a main belt portion and a pouch for the tank. The belt has a shoulder strap for stabilizing the belt and tank extending over the shoulder and diagonally across the body. The shoulder strap comes with a series of smaller straps for securing the hose or cannula that is used in connection with the tank. The pouch is attachable to the belt by means of straps and has a drawstring with cord lock for securing the tank within the pouch. In addition, the pouch has separate D rings that allow the pouch to be attached to the shoulder strap and used separately from the belt. The belt has a padded portion to fit the curve of the lumbar area of the human spine.
[0007] An example of “backpack” oxygen carrying system is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,400,934 to Ducros, in which a rucksack, or backpack is adapted to make it possible to drink, or inhale oxygen, whilst walking. The rucksack includes two straps wherein at least one of its two straps defines a protective, isothermic inner space, for example by means of a foldable protective band which is sewn on the upper half of the strap. A recipient is placed in the rucksack and its tube passes in this protective space and finally terminates in a valve for drinking or inhaling.
[0008] An example of a strap system in a different context can be seen in U.S. Pat. No. 6,471,105 to Ammerman, which shows a shoulder carrier having at least one shoulder strap connected to a container. A lumbar support attached to the container bears on a wearer's hip or lumbar spine to transfer weight of the shoulder carrier to the hip or lumbar spine and away from the wearer's shoulder. The shoulder strap can include a shoulder pad, and both the shoulder pad and lumbar support can be or include a fluid-filled bladder. The shoulder pad can be slidably attached to the shoulder strap to prevent abrasion of the wearer's shoulder. At least one end of the shoulder strap can be attached to the container by passing the strap through a guide attached to the container and attaching the shoulder strap end to the container at a position below the guide.
[0009] Despite the advantages of known carrying systems, it can be seen that the need exists for a simple, inexpensive, system for effectively and efficiently securing a medical gas delivery system to a patient in order to reduce perceived weight of the system.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0010] These and other objects are achieved by providing a human-carried portable medical tank assembly including a tank in a tank-holding pouch. A shoulder strap is attached to the pouch. At least a portion of the strap is configured to flex during movement of the human carrier of the tank assembly to such a degree that the perceived weight of the tank is lessened.
[0011] The features of the invention believed to be patentable are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, both as to organization and method of operation, together with further objects and advantages thereof, may best be understood by reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0012] FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a tank assembly embodying the principles discussed herein.
[0013] FIG. 2 is a detailed sectional view of a strap used in the FIG. 1 assembly.
[0014] FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a tank assembly in accordance with the principles of the present invention using an alternative strap attachment.
[0015] FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a tank assembly in accordance with the principles of the present invention using another alternative strap attachment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0016] While this invention is susceptible of embodiment in many different forms, there is shown in the drawings, and will herein be described in detail, exemplary embodiments, with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered as illustrative of the principles of the invention and not intended to limit the invention to the exemplary embodiments shown and described.
[0017] A tank assembly 10 constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1 . The tank assembly 10 includes a tank 12 containing a therapeutic fluid, such as oxygen. Although the tank 12 is illustrated as a type “B” tank, the principles of the present invention are equally applicable to any mechanism for providing therapeutic fluid in a gaseous or liquid state. This would encompass any size, standard or custom, or pressurized gas tank, as well as tanks and systems for holding therapeutic fluid in liquid form for delivery to the patient as a gas, such as liquid oxygen systems.
[0018] The tank 12 is contained in a tank-holding assembly 14 . The tank-holding assembly 14 is configured as a pouch 15 dimensioned to fit the tank 12 , and can include additional features to accommodate accessories or guide tubes or cannula for use with the tank 12 . Although illustrated as a pouch 15 , it is contemplated that the tank-holding assembly 14 can be provided as a rigid or semi-rigid housing surrounding a source of therapeutic fluid, or even as “ears” secured to opposite sides of an outer tank. In FIG. 1 , a pocket 16 is provided to hold cannulae, masks, and the like. The pouch 14 can be fabricated from any suitable material. Such pouches are conventionally constructed from a fabric such as nylon, but it is contemplated that a pouch fabricated from a material such as neoprene would be advantageous.
[0019] A shoulder strap assembly 18 is attached to the pouch 14 . The strap assembly 18 is configured to flex during movement of a human carrier of the tank assembly 10 to such a degree that the perceived weight of the tank 12 is lessened. Examples of suitable straps can be seen in U.S. Pat. No. 4,924,557 to Heckerman and U.S. Pat. No. 4,976,388 to Coontz, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,695,102 to Jackson, the specifications of which are incorporated by reference herein. It is to be understood that the strap 18 is merely illustrative, and that any strap meeting the requirements of the present invention can be employed.
[0020] The strap assembly 18 is constructed as a multi-element strap having a flexible section 20 flanked by a pair of structural sections 22 , 24 . In the illustrated example, the structural sections 22 , 24 are fabricated from a material that has less “give” than the material from which flexible section 20 is made.
[0021] The first structural section 24 has a first end 26 secured to the tank pouch 14 and a second end 28 secured to the flexible section 20 . The second structural section 22 has a first end 30 secured to the tank pouch 14 and a second end 32 secured to the flexible section 20 .
[0022] As shown in FIG. 2 , the flexible section 20 includes a flexible element 34 and an adjustably structural element 36 secured to the flexible element 34 . The structural element 36 is longer than the flexible element 34 , and is secured in overlaying relation to the flexible element 34 . The flexible element can be configured from a suitable flexible material such as neoprene, and the structural element can be fabricated from a material such as cordura nylon.
[0023] In FIG. 1 , the strap assembly 18 is attached to the pouch 14 via spring clips 38 . It is contemplated that the strap 18 can be secured by any suitable mechanism. For example, FIG. 3 shows a strap 40 secured to a pouch 42 via parachute buckles 44 , and FIG. 5 shows a strap 46 sewn directly to a pouch 48 .
[0024] The present invention is illustrated in the context of a single-shoulder-strap arrangement. However, it is also contemplated that the principles of the present invention are equally applicable to dual-strap, or “rucksack”-type arrangements.
[0025] Although the present invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, those of skill in the art will recognize that changes may be made thereto without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention as defined by the appended claims. | A human-carried portable medical tank assembly includes a tank in a tank-holding assembly, such as a pouch. A shoulder strap is attached to the tank-holding assembly. At least a portion of the strap is configured to flex during movement of the human carrier of the tank-holding assembly to such a degree that the perceived weight of the tank and tank-holding assembly is lessened. | The present invention relates to portable medical gas administration systems, specifically portable oxygen systems. The current methods for storing and delivering oxygen, such as compressed oxygen cylinders, oxygen concentrators, and liquid oxygen systems, have limitations for patients requiring long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT). This invention introduces a human-carried portable medical tank assembly that includes a tank-holding pouch and a shoulder strap. The strap is designed to flex during movement, reducing the perceived weight of the tank. This simple and cost-effective system aims to improve the mobility and well-being of patients relying on portable oxygen systems. | {
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"context": "FIELD OF THE INVENTION \n [0001] The present invention relates portable medical gas administration systems, particularly to portable oxygen systems. \n BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION \n [0002] The administration of gases such as oxygen for therapeutic purposes has long been known. Presently, there are a variety of systems used for the storage and delivery of oxygen. A first example uses compressed oxygen cylinders known as “green tanks”, which are usually large tanks or “H tanks” delivered to the patient's home and secured in a safe corner of a room. Portable smaller units are used for transport, including wheel-carried “E” tanks as well as “A”, “B”, “C”, and “D” tanks, which are commonly shoulder-carried. \n [0003] An alternative system uses oxygen concentrators, which concentrate oxygen from the air and deliver it to the patient. Until recently, oxygen concentrators were usually not portable, and still require electricity to work. Patients using oxygen concentrators typically have portable E tanks on hand to be used for backup in case of power failure. Oxygen concentrators are often used for individuals who are on oxygen only at night, but can be used 24 hours per day. \n [0004] A more recent and relatively costly development is the use of liquid oxygen systems, which usually consist of a large silver main tank and one or two portable units. The portable units are used as needed for travel outside of the home. When they are empty, they can be refilled from the large tank. Portable units usually weigh four to ten pounds and can be carried with a shoulder strap or cart. \n [0005] Patients requiring long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) are often in an acute or chronic weakened state. Their very condition makes it difficult for them to carry relatively heavy tanks, thus making it difficult for such patients to use portable oxygen systems. This can result in the patient feeling housebound, which may worsen the patient's physical and psychological condition and hamper recovery or wellness. \n [0006] In an attempt to ameliorate such a situation, various oxygen tank carrying systems have been developed. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,003,704 to Culjak is directed to a lumbar supported carrier for oxygen tanks including a main belt portion and a pouch for the tank. The belt has a shoulder strap for stabilizing the belt and tank extending over the shoulder and diagonally across the body. The shoulder strap comes with a series of smaller straps for securing the hose or cannula that is used in connection with the tank. The pouch is attachable to the belt by means of straps and has a drawstring with cord lock for securing the tank within the pouch. In addition, the pouch has separate D rings that allow the pouch to be attached to the shoulder strap and used separately from the belt. The belt has a padded portion to fit the curve of the lumbar area of the human spine. \n [0007] An example of “backpack” oxygen carrying system is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,400,934 to Ducros, in which a rucksack, or backpack is adapted to make it possible to drink, or inhale oxygen, whilst walking. The rucksack includes two straps wherein at least one of its two straps defines a protective, isothermic inner space, for example by means of a foldable protective band which is sewn on the upper half of the strap. A recipient is placed in the rucksack and its tube passes in this protective space and finally terminates in a valve for drinking or inhaling. \n [0008] An example of a strap system in a different context can be seen in U.S. Pat. No. 6,471,105 to Ammerman, which shows a shoulder carrier having at least one shoulder strap connected to a container. A lumbar support attached to the container bears on a wearer's hip or lumbar spine to transfer weight of the shoulder carrier to the hip or lumbar spine and away from the wearer's shoulder. The shoulder strap can include a shoulder pad, and both the shoulder pad and lumbar support can be or include a fluid-filled bladder. The shoulder pad can be slidably attached to the shoulder strap to prevent abrasion of the wearer's shoulder. At least one end of the shoulder strap can be attached to the container by passing the strap through a guide attached to the container and attaching the shoulder strap end to the container at a position below the guide. \n [0009] Despite the advantages of known carrying systems, it can be seen that the need exists for a simple, inexpensive, system for effectively and efficiently securing a medical gas delivery system to a patient in order to reduce perceived weight of the system. \n SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION \n [0010] These and other objects are achieved by providing a human-carried portable medical tank assembly including a tank in a tank-holding pouch. A shoulder strap is attached to the pouch. At least a portion of the strap is configured to flex during movement of the human carrier of the tank assembly to such a degree that the perceived weight of the tank is lessened. \n [0011] The features of the invention believed to be patentable are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, both as to organization and method of operation, together with further objects and advantages thereof, may best be understood by reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. \n \n \n BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS \n [0012] FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a tank assembly embodying the principles discussed herein. \n [0013] FIG. 2 is a detailed sectional view of a strap used in the FIG. 1 assembly. \n [0014] FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a tank assembly in accordance with the principles of the present invention using an alternative strap attachment. \n [0015] FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a tank assembly in accordance with the principles of the present invention using another alternative strap attachment. \n \n \n DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION \n [0016] While this invention is susceptible of embodiment in many different forms, there is shown in the drawings, and will herein be described in detail, exemplary embodiments, with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered as illustrative of the principles of the invention and not intended to limit the invention to the exemplary embodiments shown and described. \n [0017] A tank assembly 10 constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1 . The tank assembly 10 includes a tank 12 containing a therapeutic fluid, such as oxygen. Although the tank 12 is illustrated as a type “B” tank, the principles of the present invention are equally applicable to any mechanism for providing therapeutic fluid in a gaseous or liquid state. This would encompass any size, standard or custom, or pressurized gas tank, as well as tanks and systems for holding therapeutic fluid in liquid form for delivery to the patient as a gas, such as liquid oxygen systems. \n [0018] The tank 12 is contained in a tank-holding assembly 14 . The tank-holding assembly 14 is configured as a pouch 15 dimensioned to fit the tank 12 , and can include additional features to accommodate accessories or guide tubes or cannula for use with the tank 12 . Although illustrated as a pouch 15 , it is contemplated that the tank-holding assembly 14 can be provided as a rigid or semi-rigid housing surrounding a source of therapeutic fluid, or even as “ears” secured to opposite sides of an outer tank. In FIG. 1 , a pocket 16 is provided to hold cannulae, masks, and the like. The pouch 14 can be fabricated from any suitable material. Such pouches are conventionally constructed from a fabric such as nylon, but it is contemplated that a pouch fabricated from a material such as neoprene would be advantageous. \n [0019] A shoulder strap assembly 18 is attached to the pouch 14 . The strap assembly 18 is configured to flex during movement of a human carrier of the tank assembly 10 to such a degree that the perceived weight of the tank 12 is lessened. Examples of suitable straps can be seen in U.S. Pat. No. 4,924,557 to Heckerman and U.S. Pat. No. 4,976,388 to Coontz, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,695,102 to Jackson, the specifications of which are incorporated by reference herein. It is to be understood that the strap 18 is merely illustrative, and that any strap meeting the requirements of the present invention can be employed. \n [0020] The strap assembly 18 is constructed as a multi-element strap having a flexible section 20 flanked by a pair of structural sections 22 , 24 . In the illustrated example, the structural sections 22 , 24 are fabricated from a material that has less “give” than the material from which flexible section 20 is made. \n [0021] The first structural section 24 has a first end 26 secured to the tank pouch 14 and a second end 28 secured to the flexible section 20 . The second structural section 22 has a first end 30 secured to the tank pouch 14 and a second end 32 secured to the flexible section 20 . \n [0022] As shown in FIG. 2 , the flexible section 20 includes a flexible element 34 and an adjustably structural element 36 secured to the flexible element 34 . The structural element 36 is longer than the flexible element 34 , and is secured in overlaying relation to the flexible element 34 . The flexible element can be configured from a suitable flexible material such as neoprene, and the structural element can be fabricated from a material such as cordura nylon. \n [0023] In FIG. 1 , the strap assembly 18 is attached to the pouch 14 via spring clips 38 . It is contemplated that the strap 18 can be secured by any suitable mechanism. For example, FIG. 3 shows a strap 40 secured to a pouch 42 via parachute buckles 44 , and FIG. 5 shows a strap 46 sewn directly to a pouch 48 . \n [0024] The present invention is illustrated in the context of a single-shoulder-strap arrangement. However, it is also contemplated that the principles of the present invention are equally applicable to dual-strap, or “rucksack”-type arrangements. \n [0025] Although the present invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, those of skill in the art will recognize that changes may be made thereto without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention as defined by the appended claims.",
"response": "The present invention relates to portable medical gas administration systems, specifically portable oxygen systems. The current methods for storing and delivering oxygen, such as compressed oxygen cylinders, oxygen concentrators, and liquid oxygen systems, have limitations for patients requiring long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT). This invention introduces a human-carried portable medical tank assembly that includes a tank-holding pouch and a shoulder strap. The strap is designed to flex during movement, reducing the perceived weight of the tank. This simple and cost-effective system aims to improve the mobility and well-being of patients relying on portable oxygen systems."
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PRIORITY
[0001] This application claims the benefit of Patent provisional application Ser. No.: 60/500,354, filed Sep. 5, 2003 by the present inventors.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] 1. Field of Invention
[0003] This invention relates to methods and compositions for reducing and alleviating respiratory problems. Particularly, this invention relates to methods and compositions for providing a temporary relief of sinus pain and nasal congestion. More particularly, this invention relates to the composition comprising an extract, which provides a temporary relief of sinus pain and nasal congestion. The composition of this invention may comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier suitable for the chosen method and form of administration. In these embodiments, the composition may comprise a suitable carrier, and other ingredients such as flavors, stabilizers, lubricants, and additional natural or artificial sweeteners.
[0004] 2. General Background
[0005] In the United States, it is estimated that a large percent of the population is afflicted with sinus pain and nasal congestion problems of sufficient severity to disturb the regular life of the person. Whatever the cause, the sinus pain and nasal congestion related problems produced are highly undesirable.
[0006] In the past, therapy for eliminating or reducing sinus pain and nasal congestion has included the administration of decongestants and antihistamines, which generally have been ineffective. Such medications have exhibited, at best, limited success for reducing drainage due to colds, allergies and the like.
[0007] The costs of treating sinus pain and nasal congestion with over-the-counter medications in the United States is estimated at an annual cost of over 1.5 billion dollars. The direct costs of treatment in outpatient clinics is estimated at almost four billion dollars, Indirect costs, based on the amount of loss in wages because of restricted activity are substantially higher. Accordingly, it is desirable to provide a simple, easy to use, relatively inexpensive, and effective procedure for substantially reducing or eliminating sinus pain and nasal congestion.
[0008] Accordingly, it is desirable to provide a simple, easy to use, relatively inexpensive, and effective composition and procedure for substantially reducing or eliminating sinus pain and nasal congestion.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0009] It is an object of this invention to provide a composition for reducing sinus pain and nasal congestion. It is an additional object of this invention to provide an improved natural remedy for reducing sinus pain and nasal congestion.
[0010] It is another object of this invention to provide an improved composition utilizing plant products for reducing sinus pain and nasal congestion.
[0011] In accordance with a preferred embodiment of this invention, a decongestant composition, which includes a set of active components, comprising Natrum muriaticum, Natrum muriaticum , Camphora, Mentholum and Eucalyptol. In a more preferred embodiment of this invention, the total active components is about 28% by weight or volume of said decongestant preparation. In a more preferred embodiment of this invention, the active components are about:
17.23% Natrum muriaticum 3.78% Camphora 3.78% Mentholum 3.78% Eucalyptol
by weight or volume of said decongestant preparation.
In a more preferred embodiment of this invention, the decongestant composition may contain one or more, additional, components. In a more preferred embodiment of this invention, the decongestant composition contains as additional components at least one member selected from the group consisting of Natural Sweet Birch Oil, Benzoin Resin, Thymol, Natural Pine Oil, Cinnamon Oil, Spearmint Oil, Sodium Bicarbonate, and Water. In a more preferred embodiment of this invention, the components are present in an amount of about:
0.002212% Natural Sweet Birch Oil 0.001106% Benzoin Resin 0.001841% Thymol 0.0005687% Natural Pine Oil 0.0003782% Cinnamon Oil 0.0032999% Spearmint Oil 0.001116% Sodium Bicarbonate 71.41% Water
by weight or volume of said decongestant preparation
[0027] In accordance with a preferred embodiment of this invention, a method of treating the occurrence of sinus pain and/or nasal congestion, comprising the step of:
[heading-0028] administering to the subject a pharmaceutically effective amount of a composition comprising:
[none]
Natrum muriaticum
Camphora,
Mentholum
Eucalyptol
Natural Sweet Birch Oil
Benzoin Resin
Thymol
Natural Pine Oil
Cinnamon Oil
Spearmint Oil
Sodium Bicarbonate
Water
wherein the subject is a mammal, for example, wherein the subject is a human.
[0042] In accordance with a preferred embodiment of this invention, a method of inhibiting the occurrence of sinus pain and/or nasal congestion, comprising the step of: administering to the subject a pharmaceutically effective amount of a composition comprising:
Natrum muriaticum Camphora, Mentholum Eucalyptol Natural Sweet Birch Oil Benzoin Resin Thymol Natural Pine Oil Cinnamon Oil Spearmint Oil Sodium Bicarbonate Water
wherein subject is a mammal, wherein the subject is a human.
[0056] In accordance with a preferred embodiment of this invention, a method is disclosed for reducing or alleviating respiratory problems comprising the step of: administering to the subject a pharmaceutically effective amount of a composition comprising:
Natrum muriaticum Camphora, Mentholum Eucalyptol Natural Sweet Birch Oil Benzoin Resin Thymol Natural Pine Oil Cinnamon Oil Spearmint Oil Sodium Bicarbonate Water
wherein subject is a mammal, for example, wherein the subject is a human, wherein the respiratory problem is a sinus pain or a nasal congestion.
[0070] In accordance with a preferred embodiment of this invention, a composition for reducing sinus pain and nasal congestion and alleviating respiratory problems is comprised of compounds of Sinusol that are listed in Table (1).
[0071] The composition of this invention is preferably administered nasally. The composition may be administered, but not limited to, as extract, as liquid extract in liquid, as capsules or as tablets, with doses administered according to the weight of the user.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0072] It is an object of this invention to provide a composition for reducing sinus pain and nasal congestion. It is an additional object of this invention to provide an improved natural remedy for reducing sinus pain and nasal congestion.
[0073] It is another object of this invention to provide an improved composition utilizing plant products for reducing sinus pain and nasal congestion.
[0074] In accordance with a preferred embodiment of this invention, a decongestant composition comprising a set of active components comprising Natrum muriaticum, Natrum muriaticum , Camphora, Mentholum and Eucalyptol. In a more preferred embodiment of this invention, the total active components is about 28% by weight or volume of said decongestant preparation. In a more preferred embodiment of this invention, the active components are about:
17.23% Natrum muriaticum 3.78% Camphora 3.78% Mentholum 3.78% Eucalyptol
by weight or volume of said decongestant preparation.
[0080] In a more preferred embodiment of this invention, the decongestant composition contains as additional one or more components. In a more preferred embodiment of this invention, the decongestant composition contains as additional components at least one member selected from the group consisting of Natural Sweet Birch Oil, Benzoin Resin, Thymol, Natural Pine Oil, Cinnamon Oil, Spearmint Oil, Sodium Bicarbonate, and Water. In a more preferred embodiment of this invention, the components are about:
0.002212% Natural Sweet Birch Oil 0.001106% Benzoin Resin 0.001841% Thymol 0.0005687% Natural Pine Oil 0.0003782% Cinnamon Oil 0.0032999% Spearmint Oil 0.001116% Sodium Bicarbonate 71.41% Water
by weight or volume of said decongestant preparation.
[0090] In accordance with a preferred embodiment of this invention, a method of treating the occurrence of sinus pain and/or nasal congestion, comprising the step of:
[heading-0091] administering to the subject a pharmaceutically effective amount of a composition comprising:
[none]
Natrum muriaticum
Camphora,
Mentholum
Eucalyptol
Natural Sweet Birch Oil
Benzoin Resin
Thymol
Natural Pine Oil
Cinnamon Oil
Spearmint Oil
Sodium Bicarbonate
Water
wherein subject is a mammal, for example, wherein the subject is human.
[0105] In accordance with a preferred embodiment of this invention, a method of inhibiting the occurrence of sinus pain and/or nasal congestion, comprising the step of:
[heading-0106] administering to the subject a pharmaceutically effective amount of a composition comprising:
[none]
Natrum muriaticum
Camphora,
Mentholum
Eucalyptol
Natural Sweet Birch Oil
Benzoin Resin
Thymol
Natural Pine Oil
Cinnamon Oil
Spearmint Oil
Sodium Bicarbonate
Water
wherein subject is a mammal, for example, wherein the subject is a human.
[0120] In accordance with a preferred embodiment of this invention, a method is disclosed which is useful for reducing or alleviating respiratory problems comprising the step of:
[heading-0121] administering to the subject a pharmaceutically effective amount of a composition comprising:
[none]
Natrum muriaticum
Camphora,
Mentholum
Eucalyptol
Natural Sweet Birch Oil
Benzoin Resin
Thymol
Natural Pine Oil
Cinnamon Oil
Spearmint Oil
Sodium Bicarbonate
Water
wherein the subject is a mammal, for example, wherein the subject is a human, and wherein the respiratory problem is a sinus pain or a nasal congestion.
[0135] In accordance with a preferred embodiment of this invention, a composition for reducing sinus pain and nasal congestion and alleviating respiratory problems is comprised of compounds of Sinusol that are listed in Table (1).
[0136] In accordance with a preferred embodiment of this invention, a composition for reducing sinus pain and nasal congestion comprising plant products and extracts was discovered (Table 1). The invention is not limited to various ranges of formulation as listed in Table (1). The products are preferably combined and are placed in a liquid base for nasal administration or administration in a spray or mist form.
TABLE 1 ORIGINAL POTENTIAL ml or g Actives Sodium 0.001723 g Natrum muriaticum 17.23 Camphor 0.003782 g Camphora 3X 3.78 Menthol 0.003782 g Mentholum 3X 3.78 Eucalyptol 0.003782 g Eucalyptol 3X 3.78 Total Actives 28.58 Inactives Natural Sweet 0.002212 g Natural Sweet Birch 0.002212 Birch Oil Benzoin Resin 0.001106 g Benzoin Resin 0.001106 Thymol 0.001841 g Thymol 0.001841 Natural Pine Oil 0.0005687 Natural Pine Oil 0.0005687 Natural 0.0003782 Cinnamon Oil 0.0003782 Spearmint Oil 0.0032999 Spearmint Oil 0.0032999 Alcohol 3.75 g Ethanol 0 Sodium 0.001116 g Sodium 0.001116 Bicarbonate Bicarbonate Balance Water 96.23 g Water 71.41 Total 100 g 100
[0137] To make it easy for the chemist to prepare the formulation, the following is the same formula calculated for 1 gallon of bulk product:
TABLE 2 ORIGINAL POTENTIAL ml or g Actives Sodium 0.06521555 Natrum muriaticum 652.16 Camphor 0.1431487 Camphora 3X 143.15 Menthol 0.1431487 Mentholum 3X 143.15 Eucalyptol 0.1431487 Eucalyptol 3X 143.15 Total Actives 1,081.60 Inactives Natural Sweet 0.0837242 Natural Sweet Birch 0.0837242 Benzoin Resin 0.0418621 Benzoin Resin 0.0418621 Thymol 0.06968185 Thymol 0.0696818 Natural 0.0215253 Natural Pine Oil 0.0215252 Pine Oil Natural 0.01431487 Cinnamon Oil 0.0143148 Spearmint Oil 0.12490122 Spearmint Oil 0.1249012 Alcohol 141.9375 ml Ethanol 0 Sodium 0.04224060 Sodium 0.042241 Balance Water 3,641.17 g Water 71.41 Total 3785 ml 2,703.00
[0138] The total of the 4 active ingredients (1,081.6 ml) are prepared using 261.98 ml of ethanol and 819.12 of water.
TABLE 3 The following is the formula which would be needed for this bulk quantity: ORIGINAL POTENTIAL ml or g Actives Sodium 3.58685525 Natrum 35,868.552 muriaticum Camphor 7.8731785 Camphora 3X 7,873.1785 Menthol 7.8731785 Mentholum 3X 7,873.1785 Eucalyptol 7.8731785 Eucalyptol 3X 7,873.1785 Total Actives 59,488.88 Inactives Natural Sweet 4.604831 ml Natural 4.604831 Sweet Birch Benzoin Resin 2.3024155 Benzoin Resin 2.3024155 Thymol 3.83250175 Thymol 3.8325017 Natural Pine Oil 1.18389123 Natural 1.1838912 Pine Oil Natural 0.78731785 Cinnamon Oil 0.7873178 Spearmint Oil 6.86956683 Spearmint Oil 6.8695668 Alcohol 7,806.5625 Ethanol 0 Sodium 2.323233 g Sodium 2.323233 g Balance Water 200,264.33 Water 148,665 ml Total 208,175 ml 208,175 ml
The total of the 4 active ingredients (59,488.88 ml) are prepared using 14,409.1 ml of ethanol and 45,051.78 ml of water.
[0140] Although various ranges of formulation have been described above, various changes and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art for performing substantially the same function, in substantially the same way, to achieve substantially the same result, without departing from the true scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
[heading-0141] Drawing Descriptions: No drawing description | A composition for providing temporary relief of sinus pain and nasal congestion uses natural products. The composition is preferably administered nasally. | This abstract describes a composition and method for reducing sinus pain and nasal congestion. The composition includes active components such as Natrum muriaticum, Camphora, Mentholum, and Eucalyptol, as well as additional components. The method involves administering the composition to a mammal, particularly humans, to alleviate respiratory problems. The composition can be administered nasally in various forms. The abstract also provides specific formulas for preparing the composition in different quantities. | {
"name": "Irftc",
"display_name": "Faithfulness",
"data": {
"query": "Summarize the context",
"context": "PRIORITY \n [0001] This application claims the benefit of Patent provisional application Ser. No.: 60/500,354, filed Sep. 5, 2003 by the present inventors. \n \n \n BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION \n [0002] 1. Field of Invention \n [0003] This invention relates to methods and compositions for reducing and alleviating respiratory problems. Particularly, this invention relates to methods and compositions for providing a temporary relief of sinus pain and nasal congestion. More particularly, this invention relates to the composition comprising an extract, which provides a temporary relief of sinus pain and nasal congestion. The composition of this invention may comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier suitable for the chosen method and form of administration. In these embodiments, the composition may comprise a suitable carrier, and other ingredients such as flavors, stabilizers, lubricants, and additional natural or artificial sweeteners. \n [0004] 2. General Background \n [0005] In the United States, it is estimated that a large percent of the population is afflicted with sinus pain and nasal congestion problems of sufficient severity to disturb the regular life of the person. Whatever the cause, the sinus pain and nasal congestion related problems produced are highly undesirable. \n [0006] In the past, therapy for eliminating or reducing sinus pain and nasal congestion has included the administration of decongestants and antihistamines, which generally have been ineffective. Such medications have exhibited, at best, limited success for reducing drainage due to colds, allergies and the like. \n [0007] The costs of treating sinus pain and nasal congestion with over-the-counter medications in the United States is estimated at an annual cost of over 1.5 billion dollars. The direct costs of treatment in outpatient clinics is estimated at almost four billion dollars, Indirect costs, based on the amount of loss in wages because of restricted activity are substantially higher. Accordingly, it is desirable to provide a simple, easy to use, relatively inexpensive, and effective procedure for substantially reducing or eliminating sinus pain and nasal congestion. \n [0008] Accordingly, it is desirable to provide a simple, easy to use, relatively inexpensive, and effective composition and procedure for substantially reducing or eliminating sinus pain and nasal congestion. \n SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION \n [0009] It is an object of this invention to provide a composition for reducing sinus pain and nasal congestion. It is an additional object of this invention to provide an improved natural remedy for reducing sinus pain and nasal congestion. \n [0010] It is another object of this invention to provide an improved composition utilizing plant products for reducing sinus pain and nasal congestion. \n [0011] In accordance with a preferred embodiment of this invention, a decongestant composition, which includes a set of active components, comprising Natrum muriaticum, Natrum muriaticum , Camphora, Mentholum and Eucalyptol. In a more preferred embodiment of this invention, the total active components is about 28% by weight or volume of said decongestant preparation. In a more preferred embodiment of this invention, the active components are about: \n 17.23% Natrum muriaticum 3.78% Camphora 3.78% Mentholum 3.78% Eucalyptol \n \n by weight or volume of said decongestant preparation. \n \n In a more preferred embodiment of this invention, the decongestant composition may contain one or more, additional, components. In a more preferred embodiment of this invention, the decongestant composition contains as additional components at least one member selected from the group consisting of Natural Sweet Birch Oil, Benzoin Resin, Thymol, Natural Pine Oil, Cinnamon Oil, Spearmint Oil, Sodium Bicarbonate, and Water. In a more preferred embodiment of this invention, the components are present in an amount of about: \n 0.002212% Natural Sweet Birch Oil 0.001106% Benzoin Resin 0.001841% Thymol 0.0005687% Natural Pine Oil 0.0003782% Cinnamon Oil 0.0032999% Spearmint Oil 0.001116% Sodium Bicarbonate 71.41% Water \n \n by weight or volume of said decongestant preparation \n \n \n \n [0027] In accordance with a preferred embodiment of this invention, a method of treating the occurrence of sinus pain and/or nasal congestion, comprising the step of: \n [heading-0028] administering to the subject a pharmaceutically effective amount of a composition comprising: \n [none] \n \n \n Natrum muriaticum \n \n Camphora, \n Mentholum \n Eucalyptol \n Natural Sweet Birch Oil \n Benzoin Resin \n Thymol \n Natural Pine Oil \n Cinnamon Oil \n Spearmint Oil \n Sodium Bicarbonate \n Water \n \n wherein the subject is a mammal, for example, wherein the subject is a human. \n \n \n \n [0042] In accordance with a preferred embodiment of this invention, a method of inhibiting the occurrence of sinus pain and/or nasal congestion, comprising the step of: administering to the subject a pharmaceutically effective amount of a composition comprising: \n Natrum muriaticum Camphora, Mentholum Eucalyptol Natural Sweet Birch Oil Benzoin Resin Thymol Natural Pine Oil Cinnamon Oil Spearmint Oil Sodium Bicarbonate Water \n \n wherein subject is a mammal, wherein the subject is a human. \n \n \n [0056] In accordance with a preferred embodiment of this invention, a method is disclosed for reducing or alleviating respiratory problems comprising the step of: administering to the subject a pharmaceutically effective amount of a composition comprising: \n Natrum muriaticum Camphora, Mentholum Eucalyptol Natural Sweet Birch Oil Benzoin Resin Thymol Natural Pine Oil Cinnamon Oil Spearmint Oil Sodium Bicarbonate Water \n \n wherein subject is a mammal, for example, wherein the subject is a human, wherein the respiratory problem is a sinus pain or a nasal congestion. \n \n \n [0070] In accordance with a preferred embodiment of this invention, a composition for reducing sinus pain and nasal congestion and alleviating respiratory problems is comprised of compounds of Sinusol that are listed in Table (1). \n [0071] The composition of this invention is preferably administered nasally. The composition may be administered, but not limited to, as extract, as liquid extract in liquid, as capsules or as tablets, with doses administered according to the weight of the user. \n \n \n DETAILED DESCRIPTION \n [0072] It is an object of this invention to provide a composition for reducing sinus pain and nasal congestion. It is an additional object of this invention to provide an improved natural remedy for reducing sinus pain and nasal congestion. \n [0073] It is another object of this invention to provide an improved composition utilizing plant products for reducing sinus pain and nasal congestion. \n [0074] In accordance with a preferred embodiment of this invention, a decongestant composition comprising a set of active components comprising Natrum muriaticum, Natrum muriaticum , Camphora, Mentholum and Eucalyptol. In a more preferred embodiment of this invention, the total active components is about 28% by weight or volume of said decongestant preparation. In a more preferred embodiment of this invention, the active components are about: \n 17.23% Natrum muriaticum 3.78% Camphora 3.78% Mentholum 3.78% Eucalyptol \n \n by weight or volume of said decongestant preparation. \n \n \n [0080] In a more preferred embodiment of this invention, the decongestant composition contains as additional one or more components. In a more preferred embodiment of this invention, the decongestant composition contains as additional components at least one member selected from the group consisting of Natural Sweet Birch Oil, Benzoin Resin, Thymol, Natural Pine Oil, Cinnamon Oil, Spearmint Oil, Sodium Bicarbonate, and Water. In a more preferred embodiment of this invention, the components are about: \n 0.002212% Natural Sweet Birch Oil 0.001106% Benzoin Resin 0.001841% Thymol 0.0005687% Natural Pine Oil 0.0003782% Cinnamon Oil 0.0032999% Spearmint Oil 0.001116% Sodium Bicarbonate 71.41% Water \n \n by weight or volume of said decongestant preparation. \n \n \n [0090] In accordance with a preferred embodiment of this invention, a method of treating the occurrence of sinus pain and/or nasal congestion, comprising the step of: \n [heading-0091] administering to the subject a pharmaceutically effective amount of a composition comprising: \n [none] \n \n \n Natrum muriaticum \n \n Camphora, \n Mentholum \n Eucalyptol \n Natural Sweet Birch Oil \n Benzoin Resin \n Thymol \n Natural Pine Oil \n Cinnamon Oil \n Spearmint Oil \n Sodium Bicarbonate \n Water \n \n wherein subject is a mammal, for example, wherein the subject is human. \n \n \n \n [0105] In accordance with a preferred embodiment of this invention, a method of inhibiting the occurrence of sinus pain and/or nasal congestion, comprising the step of: \n [heading-0106] administering to the subject a pharmaceutically effective amount of a composition comprising: \n [none] \n \n \n Natrum muriaticum \n \n Camphora, \n Mentholum \n Eucalyptol \n Natural Sweet Birch Oil \n Benzoin Resin \n Thymol \n Natural Pine Oil \n Cinnamon Oil \n Spearmint Oil \n Sodium Bicarbonate \n Water \n \n wherein subject is a mammal, for example, wherein the subject is a human. \n \n \n \n [0120] In accordance with a preferred embodiment of this invention, a method is disclosed which is useful for reducing or alleviating respiratory problems comprising the step of: \n [heading-0121] administering to the subject a pharmaceutically effective amount of a composition comprising: \n [none] \n \n \n Natrum muriaticum \n \n Camphora, \n Mentholum \n Eucalyptol \n Natural Sweet Birch Oil \n Benzoin Resin \n Thymol \n Natural Pine Oil \n Cinnamon Oil \n Spearmint Oil \n Sodium Bicarbonate \n Water \n \n wherein the subject is a mammal, for example, wherein the subject is a human, and wherein the respiratory problem is a sinus pain or a nasal congestion. \n \n \n \n [0135] In accordance with a preferred embodiment of this invention, a composition for reducing sinus pain and nasal congestion and alleviating respiratory problems is comprised of compounds of Sinusol that are listed in Table (1). \n [0136] In accordance with a preferred embodiment of this invention, a composition for reducing sinus pain and nasal congestion comprising plant products and extracts was discovered (Table 1). The invention is not limited to various ranges of formulation as listed in Table (1). The products are preferably combined and are placed in a liquid base for nasal administration or administration in a spray or mist form. \n TABLE 1 ORIGINAL POTENTIAL ml or g Actives Sodium 0.001723 g Natrum muriaticum 17.23 Camphor 0.003782 g Camphora 3X 3.78 Menthol 0.003782 g Mentholum 3X 3.78 Eucalyptol 0.003782 g Eucalyptol 3X 3.78 Total Actives 28.58 Inactives Natural Sweet 0.002212 g Natural Sweet Birch 0.002212 Birch Oil Benzoin Resin 0.001106 g Benzoin Resin 0.001106 Thymol 0.001841 g Thymol 0.001841 Natural Pine Oil 0.0005687 Natural Pine Oil 0.0005687 Natural 0.0003782 Cinnamon Oil 0.0003782 Spearmint Oil 0.0032999 Spearmint Oil 0.0032999 Alcohol 3.75 g Ethanol 0 Sodium 0.001116 g Sodium 0.001116 Bicarbonate Bicarbonate Balance Water 96.23 g Water 71.41 Total 100 g 100 \n \n [0137] To make it easy for the chemist to prepare the formulation, the following is the same formula calculated for 1 gallon of bulk product: \n TABLE 2 ORIGINAL POTENTIAL ml or g Actives Sodium 0.06521555 Natrum muriaticum 652.16 Camphor 0.1431487 Camphora 3X 143.15 Menthol 0.1431487 Mentholum 3X 143.15 Eucalyptol 0.1431487 Eucalyptol 3X 143.15 Total Actives 1,081.60 Inactives Natural Sweet 0.0837242 Natural Sweet Birch 0.0837242 Benzoin Resin 0.0418621 Benzoin Resin 0.0418621 Thymol 0.06968185 Thymol 0.0696818 Natural 0.0215253 Natural Pine Oil 0.0215252 Pine Oil Natural 0.01431487 Cinnamon Oil 0.0143148 Spearmint Oil 0.12490122 Spearmint Oil 0.1249012 Alcohol 141.9375 ml Ethanol 0 Sodium 0.04224060 Sodium 0.042241 Balance Water 3,641.17 g Water 71.41 Total 3785 ml 2,703.00 \n \n [0138] The total of the 4 active ingredients (1,081.6 ml) are prepared using 261.98 ml of ethanol and 819.12 of water. \n TABLE 3 The following is the formula which would be needed for this bulk quantity: ORIGINAL POTENTIAL ml or g Actives Sodium 3.58685525 Natrum 35,868.552 muriaticum Camphor 7.8731785 Camphora 3X 7,873.1785 Menthol 7.8731785 Mentholum 3X 7,873.1785 Eucalyptol 7.8731785 Eucalyptol 3X 7,873.1785 Total Actives 59,488.88 Inactives Natural Sweet 4.604831 ml Natural 4.604831 Sweet Birch Benzoin Resin 2.3024155 Benzoin Resin 2.3024155 Thymol 3.83250175 Thymol 3.8325017 Natural Pine Oil 1.18389123 Natural 1.1838912 Pine Oil Natural 0.78731785 Cinnamon Oil 0.7873178 Spearmint Oil 6.86956683 Spearmint Oil 6.8695668 Alcohol 7,806.5625 Ethanol 0 Sodium 2.323233 g Sodium 2.323233 g Balance Water 200,264.33 Water 148,665 ml Total 208,175 ml 208,175 ml \n \n The total of the 4 active ingredients (59,488.88 ml) are prepared using 14,409.1 ml of ethanol and 45,051.78 ml of water. \n \n [0140] Although various ranges of formulation have been described above, various changes and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art for performing substantially the same function, in substantially the same way, to achieve substantially the same result, without departing from the true scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. \n [heading-0141] Drawing Descriptions: No drawing description",
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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a textile surgical implant.
The manufacture of textile surgical implants often requires the manufacture of a low number of items. Modern textile manufacturing methods, however, are usually only cost effective if large numbers are produced. An advantage of high volume automatic manufacturing methods is that the articles manufactured are almost exactly alike. Such similarity is required by the needs of modern scientific surgery, in order that all patients shall be treated alike and that there is no untoward variation from implant to implant.
It is, therefore, desirable that textile implants should be able to be made cost effectively in small numbers on machinery that is mechanically or electronically controlled in such a way that each item produced to the same design will be virtually identical.
It is also desirable that the design method used shall be simple and quick to carry out, in order to minimise design costs. Low design costs also facilitate the cost-effective production of implants made to individual measurements, which may be desirable for unusual medical conditions or for use in patients where it is necessary to produce an implant of an exact size to fit that person.
Ideally a textile implant will have the textile fibres placed in a position and direction which accord with the design requirements in order that they may carry out their function correctly, whether it be load-bearing or otherwise.
The present invention is intended to deal with the above-mentioned problems.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to the present invention there is provided a textile surgical implant comprising an array of fibres wherein the fibres forming the implant are placed in position in the implant by embroidery.
The term implant as used herein is not confined solely to implants that are intended to be surgically or otherwise implanted in the body, but also includes stents and the like such as are implanted in the oesophagus.
Embroidery is normally defined as work with a needle and thread upon cloth. In conventional embroidery the fibres are placed with a needle according to the requirements of the aesthetic design selected. In the manufacture of a textile surgical implant, the fibres can be placed according to the functional requirements of the design, for example so that one or more yarns in the structure may efficiently carry a load in an artificial ligament.
Many modern embroidery machines comprise a sewing head above an X-Y plotter. The plotter can be moved with great precision below the needle head (or vice-versa) so that the sewing head moves relative to the base cloth as required. The movements are controlled by punched card, or preferably, electronic computer control. An alternative arrangement is for the sewing head to move, whilst the base cloth remains stationary.
The definition of embroidery implies that the embroidery stitches must be made upon a base cloth. However, according to one embodiment of the present invention there is provided a base cloth that is soluble, so that after the implant is formed upon the base cloth, the cloth can be dissolved away and only the embroidered stitched structure remains. Using design rules known to those skilled in the art, embroidered structures can be made so that placed fibres of the embroidery retain their structural integrity and hold together after the base cloth has been dissolved away. The dissolution can be by aqueous medium if a water soluble base fabric is used such as a base fabric made from polyvinyl acetate, or alginate. Alternatively a solvent such as acetone may be used for example when an acetate base fabric is utilised. Other base fabrics can be used which may be removed for example with acid, alkali, or organic solvent or with water, or by heat or other method.
In one embodiment of the invention a sheet material, such as polyglycolic acid, is used which degrades or is absorbed after implantation, leaving more permanent parts of the embroidered structure within the body. The implant or the base fabric can be impregnated with one or more growth factors, or angiogenic or neurogenic materials that my stimulate the production of blood vessels, nerves, or other types of tissue around and/or into the implant.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Specific embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a mesh structure;
FIG. 2 is a plan view of another mesh structure suitable for repair of a tendon or ligament;
FIG. 3 illustrates a tubular stent suitable for insertion into hollow viscera; and
FIG. 4 shows a material which can be used, inter alia, for the stent of FIG. 3.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring first to FIG. 1 a mesh structure comprises crossing threads which are laid substantially at right angles to each other. The interlocking may be achieved by a number of interlocking methods well known to those skilled in the art. Generally the interlocking is effected when the first laid down layer is crossed by the second laid part, when threads from the underthread and needle thread pass under and over the first laid thread and are interlocked by lockthread stitching as usually used for the embroidery. Different ways of interlock will give different load extension characteristics to the implant for different applications or different patients.
Such a mesh can be used to act as a reinforcing patch within the body. For example a patient may suffer from an incisional hernia where some of the internal tissues of the gut may protrude through the walls of the abdomen and the internal tissues are only held within the body by a thin layer of the body wall. The edges of the hernia may have weakened as a result of the hernia or from some other cause, which makes repair using conventional sutures difficult. The provision of a patch will assist the surgeon to obtain a good repair by enabling him to stitch the tissue at a site remote from the weak edges. The patch can also provide a scaffold on which a new tissue may grow. The requirements of any patch include that it shall have a high bursting strength, that it shall be easy to cut to size appropriate to the condition of the patient without fraying or unroving from the cut edges. Many woven structures have good properties with regard to bursting strength, but will fray readily from a cut edge. The use of a hot knife to cut thermoplastic fibres to prevent them from fraying is undesirable because of the inconvenience of carrying out this is operating theatre conditions and the sharp edges (and possibly toxic degradation products) that thermal cutting often leaves.
The provision of a thermoplastic monofilament patch where intersecting fibres in a mesh are thermally bonded is known, but any cut edges of the monofilament comprising the patch may be undesirably sharp and thermal bonding restricts the choice of fibres to those which are thermoplastic. The use of adhesives to bond the intersections of the mesh is inconvenient and may introduce a biologically incompatible component to the implant. According to the present invention any implantable fibre may be used, since the intersections of the mesh are stitched and are resistant to fraying when the mesh is out.
The invention provides a patch for the repair of tendon or ligament. For example the rotator cuff of the shoulder is difficult to repair without the use of textile reinforcement. Frequently a multiplicity of suture threads is used, but sometimes this method of reinforcement is insufficent and a reinforcing textile fabric is required. The use of a hood as described in PCT International Patent Appln. No. WO 91/03993 is one example. This provides a woven or knitted flexible fabric. The openness of the mesh is chosen so as to allow tissue ingrowth without being so open that the structural integrity is lost. The present invention includes the provision of an embroidered mesh, with areas of extra strength to carry localised heavier loads. One embodiment of this aspect of the invention is shown in FIG. 2. The mesh is ideally provided so that the holes are spaced approximately 2 mm apart and are approximately 1 mm square. The strength of the mesh is such that it must carry a minimum load of approximately body weight. The use of embroidery to form the mesh 1, has the advantage that the mesh can be locally reinforced using a different type of thread or higher concentration or density of treads or using a multiplicity of the same thread as illustrated by the bold lines referenced 2. In a preferred embodiment the main mesh 1 is made using a braided polyester fibre 0.35 mm in diameter and the reinforcement 2 is a polyester braid of 1.5 mm diameter.
The invention also provides an implant to form a sheet material having a different stiffness in one axis to the stiffness in the other axis. An implant of this kind, known as a stent, an example of which is disclosed in UK Patent Appln. No. CB 2270264 is in the form of a tube that can be compressed for insertion into the human or animal body to relieve blocking of the oesophagus or other hollow viscera by tumours or other disorders. If the coiled stent is made from stiff anisotropic sheet material and would up tightly to reduce its diameter in order to insert it within the oesophagus, the tube becomes so rigid that the stent becomes difficult to insert in some patients, for example elderly patients with stiff necks or protuberant teeth. FIG. 3 shows a self expanding solid walled tube similar to a coil spring tube. The tube can be would tightly to form a low diameter tube, or stent, which may be inserted into hollow viscera within the body and then allowed to expand, pushing aside any blockage of the hollow viscus that may have been caused by a tumour or other disorder. One example of an application is to patients in whom the oesophagus may have become blocked by a malignant tumour, making swallowing difficult.
In the embodiment of FIG. 3 the material forming the stent is made by laying stiff fibres in one axis direction of the stent onto a base embroidery material and the other direction with less stiff or no fibres. This results in an isotropic material that when wound tightly about an axis parallel to the said other direction into a low diameter tube for insertion within the hollow viscus is much less stiff in the length axis, yet retains its springiness in the radial direction. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 the stent is formed by winding a strip of fabric about an axis such that each turn other than the first slightly overlaps the preceding turn, thus forming a tube with a substantially continuous wall surface. In use the stent diameter is reduced by tightening the turns and then positioned in its desired location, for example in a hollow viscus, the lower stiffness of the stent in the axial direction making it easy to insert in position. Once in position the stent is allowed to expand within the hollow viscus, pushing aside a tumour or other obstruction, yet it retains flexibility in the length direction.
In a particularly preferred embodiment, the fibres are arranged as shown in FIG. 4, the longitudinal fibres 10 are monofilament polyester of high stiffness and the lateral fibres 12 are of lower stiffness monofilament polyester. If this material is coiled into a stent of the kind shown in FIG. 3 and heat-set into shape, the stent, when tightly coiled for insertion into the oesophagus of the patient, remains flexible in the longitudinal axis and may be more easily inserted.
It may be seen from the foregoing description and examples that the invention has a wide number of applications, not confined to those described herein. | A textile surgical implant includes a base cloth, and an array of fibers provided on the base cloth. The base cloth is removable from the fibers before or after the location of the implant in a patient. A method of making a textile surgical implant is further disclosed. The method includes the step of placing an array of fibers on a base cloth by embroidery. The base cloth is removable from the fibers before or after the implant is implanted. | This abstract introduces a textile surgical implant that is manufactured using embroidery techniques. The use of embroidery allows for precise placement of fibers according to functional requirements, ensuring consistency and structural integrity. The implant can be made with a base cloth that is soluble, allowing for easy removal of the cloth after the implant is formed. The abstract also describes specific embodiments of the textile implant, including a mesh structure for reinforcement, a patch for tendon or ligament repair, and a stent for insertion into hollow viscera. The versatility and potential applications of the invention are highlighted. | {
"name": "Irftc",
"display_name": "Faithfulness",
"data": {
"query": "Summarize the context",
"context": "BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION \n This invention relates to a textile surgical implant. \n The manufacture of textile surgical implants often requires the manufacture of a low number of items. Modern textile manufacturing methods, however, are usually only cost effective if large numbers are produced. An advantage of high volume automatic manufacturing methods is that the articles manufactured are almost exactly alike. Such similarity is required by the needs of modern scientific surgery, in order that all patients shall be treated alike and that there is no untoward variation from implant to implant. \n It is, therefore, desirable that textile implants should be able to be made cost effectively in small numbers on machinery that is mechanically or electronically controlled in such a way that each item produced to the same design will be virtually identical. \n It is also desirable that the design method used shall be simple and quick to carry out, in order to minimise design costs. Low design costs also facilitate the cost-effective production of implants made to individual measurements, which may be desirable for unusual medical conditions or for use in patients where it is necessary to produce an implant of an exact size to fit that person. \n Ideally a textile implant will have the textile fibres placed in a position and direction which accord with the design requirements in order that they may carry out their function correctly, whether it be load-bearing or otherwise. \n The present invention is intended to deal with the above-mentioned problems. \n SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION \n According to the present invention there is provided a textile surgical implant comprising an array of fibres wherein the fibres forming the implant are placed in position in the implant by embroidery. \n The term implant as used herein is not confined solely to implants that are intended to be surgically or otherwise implanted in the body, but also includes stents and the like such as are implanted in the oesophagus. \n Embroidery is normally defined as work with a needle and thread upon cloth. In conventional embroidery the fibres are placed with a needle according to the requirements of the aesthetic design selected. In the manufacture of a textile surgical implant, the fibres can be placed according to the functional requirements of the design, for example so that one or more yarns in the structure may efficiently carry a load in an artificial ligament. \n Many modern embroidery machines comprise a sewing head above an X-Y plotter. The plotter can be moved with great precision below the needle head (or vice-versa) so that the sewing head moves relative to the base cloth as required. The movements are controlled by punched card, or preferably, electronic computer control. An alternative arrangement is for the sewing head to move, whilst the base cloth remains stationary. \n The definition of embroidery implies that the embroidery stitches must be made upon a base cloth. However, according to one embodiment of the present invention there is provided a base cloth that is soluble, so that after the implant is formed upon the base cloth, the cloth can be dissolved away and only the embroidered stitched structure remains. Using design rules known to those skilled in the art, embroidered structures can be made so that placed fibres of the embroidery retain their structural integrity and hold together after the base cloth has been dissolved away. The dissolution can be by aqueous medium if a water soluble base fabric is used such as a base fabric made from polyvinyl acetate, or alginate. Alternatively a solvent such as acetone may be used for example when an acetate base fabric is utilised. Other base fabrics can be used which may be removed for example with acid, alkali, or organic solvent or with water, or by heat or other method. \n In one embodiment of the invention a sheet material, such as polyglycolic acid, is used which degrades or is absorbed after implantation, leaving more permanent parts of the embroidered structure within the body. The implant or the base fabric can be impregnated with one or more growth factors, or angiogenic or neurogenic materials that my stimulate the production of blood vessels, nerves, or other types of tissue around and/or into the implant. \n \n \n BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS \n Specific embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: \n FIG. 1 is a plan view of a mesh structure; \n FIG. 2 is a plan view of another mesh structure suitable for repair of a tendon or ligament; \n FIG. 3 illustrates a tubular stent suitable for insertion into hollow viscera; and \n FIG. 4 shows a material which can be used, inter alia, for the stent of FIG. 3. \n \n \n DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS \n Referring first to FIG. 1 a mesh structure comprises crossing threads which are laid substantially at right angles to each other. The interlocking may be achieved by a number of interlocking methods well known to those skilled in the art. Generally the interlocking is effected when the first laid down layer is crossed by the second laid part, when threads from the underthread and needle thread pass under and over the first laid thread and are interlocked by lockthread stitching as usually used for the embroidery. Different ways of interlock will give different load extension characteristics to the implant for different applications or different patients. \n Such a mesh can be used to act as a reinforcing patch within the body. For example a patient may suffer from an incisional hernia where some of the internal tissues of the gut may protrude through the walls of the abdomen and the internal tissues are only held within the body by a thin layer of the body wall. The edges of the hernia may have weakened as a result of the hernia or from some other cause, which makes repair using conventional sutures difficult. The provision of a patch will assist the surgeon to obtain a good repair by enabling him to stitch the tissue at a site remote from the weak edges. The patch can also provide a scaffold on which a new tissue may grow. The requirements of any patch include that it shall have a high bursting strength, that it shall be easy to cut to size appropriate to the condition of the patient without fraying or unroving from the cut edges. Many woven structures have good properties with regard to bursting strength, but will fray readily from a cut edge. The use of a hot knife to cut thermoplastic fibres to prevent them from fraying is undesirable because of the inconvenience of carrying out this is operating theatre conditions and the sharp edges (and possibly toxic degradation products) that thermal cutting often leaves. \n The provision of a thermoplastic monofilament patch where intersecting fibres in a mesh are thermally bonded is known, but any cut edges of the monofilament comprising the patch may be undesirably sharp and thermal bonding restricts the choice of fibres to those which are thermoplastic. The use of adhesives to bond the intersections of the mesh is inconvenient and may introduce a biologically incompatible component to the implant. According to the present invention any implantable fibre may be used, since the intersections of the mesh are stitched and are resistant to fraying when the mesh is out. \n The invention provides a patch for the repair of tendon or ligament. For example the rotator cuff of the shoulder is difficult to repair without the use of textile reinforcement. Frequently a multiplicity of suture threads is used, but sometimes this method of reinforcement is insufficent and a reinforcing textile fabric is required. The use of a hood as described in PCT International Patent Appln. No. WO 91/03993 is one example. This provides a woven or knitted flexible fabric. The openness of the mesh is chosen so as to allow tissue ingrowth without being so open that the structural integrity is lost. The present invention includes the provision of an embroidered mesh, with areas of extra strength to carry localised heavier loads. One embodiment of this aspect of the invention is shown in FIG. 2. The mesh is ideally provided so that the holes are spaced approximately 2 mm apart and are approximately 1 mm square. The strength of the mesh is such that it must carry a minimum load of approximately body weight. The use of embroidery to form the mesh 1, has the advantage that the mesh can be locally reinforced using a different type of thread or higher concentration or density of treads or using a multiplicity of the same thread as illustrated by the bold lines referenced 2. In a preferred embodiment the main mesh 1 is made using a braided polyester fibre 0.35 mm in diameter and the reinforcement 2 is a polyester braid of 1.5 mm diameter. \n The invention also provides an implant to form a sheet material having a different stiffness in one axis to the stiffness in the other axis. An implant of this kind, known as a stent, an example of which is disclosed in UK Patent Appln. No. CB 2270264 is in the form of a tube that can be compressed for insertion into the human or animal body to relieve blocking of the oesophagus or other hollow viscera by tumours or other disorders. If the coiled stent is made from stiff anisotropic sheet material and would up tightly to reduce its diameter in order to insert it within the oesophagus, the tube becomes so rigid that the stent becomes difficult to insert in some patients, for example elderly patients with stiff necks or protuberant teeth. FIG. 3 shows a self expanding solid walled tube similar to a coil spring tube. The tube can be would tightly to form a low diameter tube, or stent, which may be inserted into hollow viscera within the body and then allowed to expand, pushing aside any blockage of the hollow viscus that may have been caused by a tumour or other disorder. One example of an application is to patients in whom the oesophagus may have become blocked by a malignant tumour, making swallowing difficult. \n In the embodiment of FIG. 3 the material forming the stent is made by laying stiff fibres in one axis direction of the stent onto a base embroidery material and the other direction with less stiff or no fibres. This results in an isotropic material that when wound tightly about an axis parallel to the said other direction into a low diameter tube for insertion within the hollow viscus is much less stiff in the length axis, yet retains its springiness in the radial direction. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 the stent is formed by winding a strip of fabric about an axis such that each turn other than the first slightly overlaps the preceding turn, thus forming a tube with a substantially continuous wall surface. In use the stent diameter is reduced by tightening the turns and then positioned in its desired location, for example in a hollow viscus, the lower stiffness of the stent in the axial direction making it easy to insert in position. Once in position the stent is allowed to expand within the hollow viscus, pushing aside a tumour or other obstruction, yet it retains flexibility in the length direction. \n In a particularly preferred embodiment, the fibres are arranged as shown in FIG. 4, the longitudinal fibres 10 are monofilament polyester of high stiffness and the lateral fibres 12 are of lower stiffness monofilament polyester. If this material is coiled into a stent of the kind shown in FIG. 3 and heat-set into shape, the stent, when tightly coiled for insertion into the oesophagus of the patient, remains flexible in the longitudinal axis and may be more easily inserted. \n It may be seen from the foregoing description and examples that the invention has a wide number of applications, not confined to those described herein.",
"response": "This abstract introduces a textile surgical implant that is manufactured using embroidery techniques. The use of embroidery allows for precise placement of fibers according to functional requirements, ensuring consistency and structural integrity. The implant can be made with a base cloth that is soluble, allowing for easy removal of the cloth after the implant is formed. The abstract also describes specific embodiments of the textile implant, including a mesh structure for reinforcement, a patch for tendon or ligament repair, and a stent for insertion into hollow viscera. The versatility and potential applications of the invention are highlighted."
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} | false | The response accurately summarizes the context provided, mentioning the use of embroidery in the manufacturing of textile surgical implants, the precise placement of fibers, the soluble base cloth, and specific embodiments such as the mesh structure, patch, and stent. The response does not introduce any new information that is not present in the context, and all the points mentioned in the response can be directly inferred from the given context. | 0 | {
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TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The invention relates to a spatula for culinary use and a food preparation method that uses this spatula.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Specifically, but not exclusively, the invention can be used to form a roll of ice-cream by using a spatula to scrape a layer of a basic preparation for ice-cream previously spread and whipped on a cooling plane.
[0003] In particular, reference is made to a food preparation method for forming a food product into the form of a roll by a spatula used for scraping a layer of the product distributed on a work plane.
[0004] A method is already known for producing ice-cream in the form of a roll, in which a quantity of a food product is placed on a cooling plane and is then worked, generally with two spatulas, to whip and homogenise the product and then detach a roll of ice-cream by scraping.
[0005] The method of known type nevertheless has various limits and drawbacks and the technique used until today is improvable from various points of view.
[0006] Firstly, it would be desirable to be able to obtain the desired product, rolled on itself several times, i.e. with various winding revolutions, in a simple, guaranteed and repeated manner. The prior art does not ensure this result, as the formation of a roll wound correctly on itself depends on multiple factors that are not always easily controllable, such as, for example, the skill of the cook, the temperature of the cooling plane, the composition of the food product, the environment in which the culinary preparation occurs, etc.
[0007] Secondly, the prior art entails a time for preparing a single portion of product that is relatively long (up to two or three minutes), with the risk of forming long lines of waiting customers.
[0008] Further, the prior art provides for the preparation of the product being concluded when the cook observes visually that the desired whipping has been achieved on the cooling plane, with a great risk of human error, in particular with the danger of excessive freezing of the product.
[0009] Another drawback of the prior art is represented by the fact that generally more energy than necessary is consumed to maintain the cooling plane at a suitable temperature for forming the roll of ice-cream, without nevertheless ensuring the formation of a product that is rolled several times on itself.
SUMMARY
[0010] One object of the invention is to overcome one or more of the aforesaid limits and drawbacks of the prior art.
[0011] One advantage is to provide a food preparation method for forming a product into the form of a roll obtained by scraping a work surface.
[0012] One advantage is to make a scraping spatula for culinary use that is suitable for implementing a food preparation method that is suitable for forming a product in the shape of a roll by scraping a work surface.
[0013] One advantage is to providing a spatula and a method of use of the spatula so as to ensure a product that is correctly rolled several times on itself.
[0014] One advantage is to provide a spatula for culinary use that is constructionally simple and cheap and of easy and immediate use.
[0015] One advantage is to ensure the repeatability of a food preparation method for forming an ice-cream in the form of a roll.
[0016] One advantage is to make available a food preparation method that is able to reduce significantly, with respect to the prior art, the time that is necessary for forming an ice-cream into the form of a roll obtained by scraping a cooling plane.
[0017] Such objects and advantages, and still others, are achieved by the method and by the spatula according to one or more of the claims set out below.
[0018] In one embodiment, a spatula is used in a food preparation method to form a roll of product (for example a roll of ice-cream), in which a quantity of food product in liquid or creamy state, comprising for example a basic preparation for ice-cream, is spread on a cooling work plane that is controlled at a desired temperature, for example of about − 18 ° C., to give rise to a layer of product, changed into solid or pasty state, that is subsequently scraped away from the plane by the aforesaid spatula, the latter having an upper side from which a protrusion emerges that, during scraping, meets the scraped away product and deflects the scraped away product forwards to promote the rolling up thereof.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0019] The invention can be better understood and implemented with reference to the attached drawings that illustrate an embodiment thereof by way of non-limiting example.
[0020] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a spatula for culinary use made according to the invention.
[0021] FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the spatula of FIG. 1 .
[0022] FIG. 3 is a side view of the spatula of FIG. 1 .
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] With reference to the aforesaid figures, with 1 a spatula for culinary use has been indicated overall.
[0024] The spatula 1 can comprise, as in this embodiment, a spatula body 2 made of plastics for foodstuffs. The spatula body 2 can be made, for example, of a single body. The spatula body 2 can comprise, in particular, a handle 3 arranged at a first end of the spatula. The handle 3 can have, in particular, a greater thickness and/or a lesser width than the rest of the spatula body 2 .
[0025] The spatula 1 can comprise, for example, an insert 4 made of metal (for example of stainless steel) and removably fixed to the spatula body 2 .
[0026] The insert 4 can comprise a scraping edge 5 arranged at a second end of the spatula 1 opposite the first end.
[0027] The scraping edge 5 can comprise, in particular, a sharpened and/or hardened blade. The use of a sharpened and/or hardened blade for scraping avoids, or at least reduces significantly, the transfer of (metal) material from the spatula to the food product, for example compared with a spatula with a non-sharpened and/or non-hardened scraping edge, in which the greater friction increases the risk of transfer of material.
[0028] The insert 4 can comprise, as in the illustrated embodiment, a blade sharpened with a chiselled chamfer. The insert 4 can comprise, in particular, a blade sharpened with a sharpening angle that, during the sharpening operation, remains comprised between 15° and 30° (for example comprised between 20° and 25°), in particular with sharpening on abrasive stone or diamond-tipped stone, for example with grain that is finer than 200 grit.
[0029] The spatula body 2 can comprise, in particular, a further edge 6 that is usable when the insert 4 is removed.
[0030] The spatula 1 can comprise, as in this embodiment, a protrusion 7 that emerges from an upper side of the spatula 1 . The protrusion 7 can be fixed in a removable manner to the spatula body 2 .
[0031] The protrusion 7 can comprise, as in this case, a wall (for example flat) extending in width about as much as the scraping edge 5 . The protrusion 7 can be included, as in this embodiment, in a metal element 8 (for example stainless steel) made of a single piece, in particular having a plate shape folded at an angle. This element 8 can comprise a fixing wing 9 in contact with the spatula body 2 . The protrusion 7 can be, in particular, integral with the fixing wing 9 .
[0032] The protrusion 7 can be connected to the insert 4 by at least one stem 10 inserted into a corresponding hole obtained in the spatula body 2 . The stem 10 can be, in particular, inserted into a corresponding hole of the insert 4 . The stem 10 can comprise a threaded part (screw) and can be coupled with a threaded fixing member 11 (nut) so as to make a bolt fixing device (bolt) for removably fixing the protrusion 7 and the insert 4 to the spatula body 2 . In the specific case the protrusion 7 is connected to the insert 4 by two (threaded) stems 10 inserted into two corresponding holes obtained in the spatula body 2 and into two corresponding holes obtained in the insert 4 , with the arrangement of two corresponding (threaded) fixing members 11 . Each stem 10 can be, as in this embodiment, integral with the element 8 , in particular with the fixing wing 9 .
[0033] The upper side of the spatula 1 can comprise, as in this embodiment, a (front) metal surface 12 and a (rear) surface made of plastics for foodstuffs 13 arranged contiguously to one another. The metal surface 12 is bounded at the front by the scraping edge 5 and behind by an edge 14 that is contiguous with the surface made of plastics for foodstuffs 13 . In particular, the rear edge 14 of the metal surface 12 will be contiguous with the further edge 6 of the spatula body 2 . The protrusion 7 can emerge, as in this case, from the surface made of plastics for foodstuffs 13 . In particular, the protrusion 7 can emerge obliquely from the upper side of the spatula.
[0034] The spatula body 2 can have, as in this case, a concave curved lower side 15 . The curved lower side 15 can be arranged on a front portion of the spatula body 2 , which is thinner than a thicker rear portion of the spatula body 2 where the handle 3 is arranged.
[0035] The spatula 1 can be used, in particular, for implementing a food preparation method that can comprise the step of spreading a food product in liquid or creamy state onto a cooling (smooth) work plane (not shown) to form a layer of the food product that changes into solid or pasty state through the effect of cooling. The cooling work plane can be provided, in particular, with a refrigerating arrangement for cooling the upper surface of the work plane, for example at least to a temperature of about −18° C.
[0036] The food product can comprise, for example, a basic preparation for ice-cream (creamy substance and/or sorbet). In particular, the food product can comprise a sweet or savoury creamy substance and/or a fruit sorbet and/or a wine sorbet and/or a sorbet with a cheese and/or vegetable creamy substance and/or a basic preparation for ice-cream with an alcoholic content, etc: this list is purely by way of example and is not exhaustive.
[0037] The food preparation method can comprise the step of scraping the cooling plane (following the aforesaid spreading step) using the spatula 1 for the purpose of detaching at least one portion of the layer of frozen product.
[0038] The spatula 1 is shaped in such a manner that during the aforesaid scraping step the protrusion 7 meets the detached layer portion and deflects the portion forward in such a manner as to promote rolling up thereof. The formation of a roll (also rolled several times on itself) of food product (ice-cream) is then promoted and/or permitted that can be served instantaneously within a receptacle (for example a container for an ice-cream). The formation of a roll that is wound even several times on itself is facilitated and practically assured even without a particular skill on the cook's part.
[0039] In the specific case illustrated in the figures, the protrusion 7 comprises a flat wall having a certain tilt with respect to the upper surface (surfaces 12 and 13 ) of the spatula 1 defined by the metal insert 4 and by the front portion of the spatula body 2 made of plastics for foodstuffs. The angle of tilt formed by the protrusion 7 and by the upper side of the spatula 1 can be, for example, equal to about 60°, as in the attached figures. The angle of tilt can be comprised, in other embodiments that are not illustrated, between about 30° and about 90°. It is nevertheless possible to provide other angles of tilt.
[0040] The protrusion can comprise, in other embodiments that are not illustrated, a curved wall, for example curved with a concavity facing forwards.
[0041] The (metal) cooling work plane can have a temperature controlled by an adjusting arrangement (not illustrated) arranged for maintaining the temperature of the cooling plane at a desired value. In particular, this adjusting arrangement can comprise a sensor arrangement for measuring an indicative temperature of the surface of the work cooling plane. This sensor arrangement can comprise, for example, at least one temperature sensor arranged on the lower side of the work cooling plane.
[0042] In particular, the adjusting arrangement can comprise a display (arranged for example next to the work cooling plane) to show the cook the actual temperature value measured by the sensor arrangement. In this manner the cook can read directly on the display the actual measured temperature and consequently start to prepare a roll of ice-cream, if the temperature is suitable, or wait for the temperature to reach a suitable value before preparing the ice-cream. The cook can also, if necessary, modify the setting of the adjusting arrangement by decreasing or increasing the desired temperature (by a control arrangement, in particular of manual type, such as for example plus and minus adjusting buttons).
[0043] The adjusting arrangement can comprise, for example, at least one thermostatic valve connected to a thermostat. The thermostatic valve can be operationally associated, in particular, with a refrigerating plant circuit (which is not illustrated) that cools the cooling work plane. This circuit can comprise, for example, at least one conduit for the refrigerating fluid arranged in a cooling coil below the cooling plane. The temperature sensor can be arranged, for example, in a central zone of the cooling coil. The adjusting arrangement can be adjusted to reach temperatures comprised between +10° C. and −25° C.
[0044] In order to prepare a roll of ice-cream (creamy substance and/or sorbet), the cook can set, for example, a desired temperature value of about −18° C. The desired temperature can vary according to the type of food product being prepared.
[0045] The spatula body 2 can be used alone and/or without the insert 4 and/or without the protrusion 7 , in order to scrape away the solid or pasty product from the cooling plane (using in particular the scraping further edge 6 ) and/or to spread the liquid or creamy product on the cooling plane. | A spatula is disclosed that is used to implement a food preparation method having the object of forming a roll of ice-cream, in which a quantity of food product in liquid or creamy state, consisting of a basic preparation for ice-cream, is spread on a controlled cooling plane at a temperature of about −18° C., to form in a few seconds a layer of ice-cream, changed into solid or pasty state, which is subsequently scraped away by the spatula, the latter having an upper side from which a protrusion emerges that, during scraping, meets the scraped-away ice-cream and deflects the ice-cream, promoting the rolling up thereof. | This abstract discusses a spatula for culinary use and a food preparation method that utilizes this spatula. The invention is specifically designed for forming a roll of ice-cream by scraping a layer of ice-cream preparation that has been spread and whipped on a cooling plane. The prior art methods for forming ice-cream rolls have various limitations and drawbacks, including difficulty in achieving the desired rolling effect, long preparation times, human error in determining the optimal whipping stage, and excessive energy consumption. The objective of this invention is to overcome these limitations and drawbacks. The abstract highlights the advantages of the invention, including the ability to create a correctly rolled ice-cream product, simplicity and ease of use, repeatability of the method, and reduced preparation time compared to prior art methods. The detailed description provides information on the components and features of the spatula, as well as the steps involved in the food preparation method. | {
"name": "Irftc",
"display_name": "Faithfulness",
"data": {
"query": "Summarize the context",
"context": "TECHNICAL FIELD \n [0001] The invention relates to a spatula for culinary use and a food preparation method that uses this spatula. \n BACKGROUND \n [0002] Specifically, but not exclusively, the invention can be used to form a roll of ice-cream by using a spatula to scrape a layer of a basic preparation for ice-cream previously spread and whipped on a cooling plane. \n [0003] In particular, reference is made to a food preparation method for forming a food product into the form of a roll by a spatula used for scraping a layer of the product distributed on a work plane. \n [0004] A method is already known for producing ice-cream in the form of a roll, in which a quantity of a food product is placed on a cooling plane and is then worked, generally with two spatulas, to whip and homogenise the product and then detach a roll of ice-cream by scraping. \n [0005] The method of known type nevertheless has various limits and drawbacks and the technique used until today is improvable from various points of view. \n [0006] Firstly, it would be desirable to be able to obtain the desired product, rolled on itself several times, i.e. with various winding revolutions, in a simple, guaranteed and repeated manner. The prior art does not ensure this result, as the formation of a roll wound correctly on itself depends on multiple factors that are not always easily controllable, such as, for example, the skill of the cook, the temperature of the cooling plane, the composition of the food product, the environment in which the culinary preparation occurs, etc. \n [0007] Secondly, the prior art entails a time for preparing a single portion of product that is relatively long (up to two or three minutes), with the risk of forming long lines of waiting customers. \n [0008] Further, the prior art provides for the preparation of the product being concluded when the cook observes visually that the desired whipping has been achieved on the cooling plane, with a great risk of human error, in particular with the danger of excessive freezing of the product. \n [0009] Another drawback of the prior art is represented by the fact that generally more energy than necessary is consumed to maintain the cooling plane at a suitable temperature for forming the roll of ice-cream, without nevertheless ensuring the formation of a product that is rolled several times on itself. \n SUMMARY \n [0010] One object of the invention is to overcome one or more of the aforesaid limits and drawbacks of the prior art. \n [0011] One advantage is to provide a food preparation method for forming a product into the form of a roll obtained by scraping a work surface. \n [0012] One advantage is to make a scraping spatula for culinary use that is suitable for implementing a food preparation method that is suitable for forming a product in the shape of a roll by scraping a work surface. \n [0013] One advantage is to providing a spatula and a method of use of the spatula so as to ensure a product that is correctly rolled several times on itself. \n [0014] One advantage is to provide a spatula for culinary use that is constructionally simple and cheap and of easy and immediate use. \n [0015] One advantage is to ensure the repeatability of a food preparation method for forming an ice-cream in the form of a roll. \n [0016] One advantage is to make available a food preparation method that is able to reduce significantly, with respect to the prior art, the time that is necessary for forming an ice-cream into the form of a roll obtained by scraping a cooling plane. \n [0017] Such objects and advantages, and still others, are achieved by the method and by the spatula according to one or more of the claims set out below. \n [0018] In one embodiment, a spatula is used in a food preparation method to form a roll of product (for example a roll of ice-cream), in which a quantity of food product in liquid or creamy state, comprising for example a basic preparation for ice-cream, is spread on a cooling work plane that is controlled at a desired temperature, for example of about − 18 ° C., to give rise to a layer of product, changed into solid or pasty state, that is subsequently scraped away from the plane by the aforesaid spatula, the latter having an upper side from which a protrusion emerges that, during scraping, meets the scraped away product and deflects the scraped away product forwards to promote the rolling up thereof. \n \n \n \n BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS \n [0019] The invention can be better understood and implemented with reference to the attached drawings that illustrate an embodiment thereof by way of non-limiting example. \n [0020] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a spatula for culinary use made according to the invention. \n [0021] FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the spatula of FIG. 1 . \n [0022] FIG. 3 is a side view of the spatula of FIG. 1 . \n \n \n \n DETAILED DESCRIPTION \n [0023] With reference to the aforesaid figures, with 1 a spatula for culinary use has been indicated overall. \n [0024] The spatula 1 can comprise, as in this embodiment, a spatula body 2 made of plastics for foodstuffs. The spatula body 2 can be made, for example, of a single body. The spatula body 2 can comprise, in particular, a handle 3 arranged at a first end of the spatula. The handle 3 can have, in particular, a greater thickness and/or a lesser width than the rest of the spatula body 2 . \n [0025] The spatula 1 can comprise, for example, an insert 4 made of metal (for example of stainless steel) and removably fixed to the spatula body 2 . \n [0026] The insert 4 can comprise a scraping edge 5 arranged at a second end of the spatula 1 opposite the first end. \n [0027] The scraping edge 5 can comprise, in particular, a sharpened and/or hardened blade. The use of a sharpened and/or hardened blade for scraping avoids, or at least reduces significantly, the transfer of (metal) material from the spatula to the food product, for example compared with a spatula with a non-sharpened and/or non-hardened scraping edge, in which the greater friction increases the risk of transfer of material. \n [0028] The insert 4 can comprise, as in the illustrated embodiment, a blade sharpened with a chiselled chamfer. The insert 4 can comprise, in particular, a blade sharpened with a sharpening angle that, during the sharpening operation, remains comprised between 15° and 30° (for example comprised between 20° and 25°), in particular with sharpening on abrasive stone or diamond-tipped stone, for example with grain that is finer than 200 grit. \n [0029] The spatula body 2 can comprise, in particular, a further edge 6 that is usable when the insert 4 is removed. \n [0030] The spatula 1 can comprise, as in this embodiment, a protrusion 7 that emerges from an upper side of the spatula 1 . The protrusion 7 can be fixed in a removable manner to the spatula body 2 . \n [0031] The protrusion 7 can comprise, as in this case, a wall (for example flat) extending in width about as much as the scraping edge 5 . The protrusion 7 can be included, as in this embodiment, in a metal element 8 (for example stainless steel) made of a single piece, in particular having a plate shape folded at an angle. This element 8 can comprise a fixing wing 9 in contact with the spatula body 2 . The protrusion 7 can be, in particular, integral with the fixing wing 9 . \n [0032] The protrusion 7 can be connected to the insert 4 by at least one stem 10 inserted into a corresponding hole obtained in the spatula body 2 . The stem 10 can be, in particular, inserted into a corresponding hole of the insert 4 . The stem 10 can comprise a threaded part (screw) and can be coupled with a threaded fixing member 11 (nut) so as to make a bolt fixing device (bolt) for removably fixing the protrusion 7 and the insert 4 to the spatula body 2 . In the specific case the protrusion 7 is connected to the insert 4 by two (threaded) stems 10 inserted into two corresponding holes obtained in the spatula body 2 and into two corresponding holes obtained in the insert 4 , with the arrangement of two corresponding (threaded) fixing members 11 . Each stem 10 can be, as in this embodiment, integral with the element 8 , in particular with the fixing wing 9 . \n [0033] The upper side of the spatula 1 can comprise, as in this embodiment, a (front) metal surface 12 and a (rear) surface made of plastics for foodstuffs 13 arranged contiguously to one another. The metal surface 12 is bounded at the front by the scraping edge 5 and behind by an edge 14 that is contiguous with the surface made of plastics for foodstuffs 13 . In particular, the rear edge 14 of the metal surface 12 will be contiguous with the further edge 6 of the spatula body 2 . The protrusion 7 can emerge, as in this case, from the surface made of plastics for foodstuffs 13 . In particular, the protrusion 7 can emerge obliquely from the upper side of the spatula. \n [0034] The spatula body 2 can have, as in this case, a concave curved lower side 15 . The curved lower side 15 can be arranged on a front portion of the spatula body 2 , which is thinner than a thicker rear portion of the spatula body 2 where the handle 3 is arranged. \n [0035] The spatula 1 can be used, in particular, for implementing a food preparation method that can comprise the step of spreading a food product in liquid or creamy state onto a cooling (smooth) work plane (not shown) to form a layer of the food product that changes into solid or pasty state through the effect of cooling. The cooling work plane can be provided, in particular, with a refrigerating arrangement for cooling the upper surface of the work plane, for example at least to a temperature of about −18° C. \n [0036] The food product can comprise, for example, a basic preparation for ice-cream (creamy substance and/or sorbet). In particular, the food product can comprise a sweet or savoury creamy substance and/or a fruit sorbet and/or a wine sorbet and/or a sorbet with a cheese and/or vegetable creamy substance and/or a basic preparation for ice-cream with an alcoholic content, etc: this list is purely by way of example and is not exhaustive. \n [0037] The food preparation method can comprise the step of scraping the cooling plane (following the aforesaid spreading step) using the spatula 1 for the purpose of detaching at least one portion of the layer of frozen product. \n [0038] The spatula 1 is shaped in such a manner that during the aforesaid scraping step the protrusion 7 meets the detached layer portion and deflects the portion forward in such a manner as to promote rolling up thereof. The formation of a roll (also rolled several times on itself) of food product (ice-cream) is then promoted and/or permitted that can be served instantaneously within a receptacle (for example a container for an ice-cream). The formation of a roll that is wound even several times on itself is facilitated and practically assured even without a particular skill on the cook's part. \n [0039] In the specific case illustrated in the figures, the protrusion 7 comprises a flat wall having a certain tilt with respect to the upper surface (surfaces 12 and 13 ) of the spatula 1 defined by the metal insert 4 and by the front portion of the spatula body 2 made of plastics for foodstuffs. The angle of tilt formed by the protrusion 7 and by the upper side of the spatula 1 can be, for example, equal to about 60°, as in the attached figures. The angle of tilt can be comprised, in other embodiments that are not illustrated, between about 30° and about 90°. It is nevertheless possible to provide other angles of tilt. \n [0040] The protrusion can comprise, in other embodiments that are not illustrated, a curved wall, for example curved with a concavity facing forwards. \n [0041] The (metal) cooling work plane can have a temperature controlled by an adjusting arrangement (not illustrated) arranged for maintaining the temperature of the cooling plane at a desired value. In particular, this adjusting arrangement can comprise a sensor arrangement for measuring an indicative temperature of the surface of the work cooling plane. This sensor arrangement can comprise, for example, at least one temperature sensor arranged on the lower side of the work cooling plane. \n [0042] In particular, the adjusting arrangement can comprise a display (arranged for example next to the work cooling plane) to show the cook the actual temperature value measured by the sensor arrangement. In this manner the cook can read directly on the display the actual measured temperature and consequently start to prepare a roll of ice-cream, if the temperature is suitable, or wait for the temperature to reach a suitable value before preparing the ice-cream. The cook can also, if necessary, modify the setting of the adjusting arrangement by decreasing or increasing the desired temperature (by a control arrangement, in particular of manual type, such as for example plus and minus adjusting buttons). \n [0043] The adjusting arrangement can comprise, for example, at least one thermostatic valve connected to a thermostat. The thermostatic valve can be operationally associated, in particular, with a refrigerating plant circuit (which is not illustrated) that cools the cooling work plane. This circuit can comprise, for example, at least one conduit for the refrigerating fluid arranged in a cooling coil below the cooling plane. The temperature sensor can be arranged, for example, in a central zone of the cooling coil. The adjusting arrangement can be adjusted to reach temperatures comprised between +10° C. and −25° C. \n [0044] In order to prepare a roll of ice-cream (creamy substance and/or sorbet), the cook can set, for example, a desired temperature value of about −18° C. The desired temperature can vary according to the type of food product being prepared. \n [0045] The spatula body 2 can be used alone and/or without the insert 4 and/or without the protrusion 7 , in order to scrape away the solid or pasty product from the cooling plane (using in particular the scraping further edge 6 ) and/or to spread the liquid or creamy product on the cooling plane.",
"response": "This abstract discusses a spatula for culinary use and a food preparation method that utilizes this spatula. The invention is specifically designed for forming a roll of ice-cream by scraping a layer of ice-cream preparation that has been spread and whipped on a cooling plane. The prior art methods for forming ice-cream rolls have various limitations and drawbacks, including difficulty in achieving the desired rolling effect, long preparation times, human error in determining the optimal whipping stage, and excessive energy consumption. The objective of this invention is to overcome these limitations and drawbacks. The abstract highlights the advantages of the invention, including the ability to create a correctly rolled ice-cream product, simplicity and ease of use, repeatability of the method, and reduced preparation time compared to prior art methods. The detailed description provides information on the components and features of the spatula, as well as the steps involved in the food preparation method."
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FIELD OF INVENTION
1. Background of the Invention
The invention relates to the field of fishing lures and, in particular, to lures that are painted with thermochromic inks and/or paint, resulting in colored lures whose color is temperature dependent.
2. Description of the Prior Art
While color changing lures are mentioned in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,835,899 and 4,731,948 to Doyle Helton, these do not mention coating lures with thermochromic ink or paint. These patents refer to liquid crystal which turns color in response to electromagnetic fields.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention is a fishing lure that is painted with thermochromic ink or paint to produce a lure that changes colors at different temperatures. The lures aid the fishing process as different lures can be chosen that change colors at different temperatures and thus different thermoclimes in the body of water being fished can be identified to determine where fish are most likely to be.
It is an object of the invention to provide a fishing lure that will change color upon reaching different temperatures,
Another object of the invention is to provide a set of fishing lures with color changing characteristics of different temperatures to indicate at which thermoclimes, in the body of water being fished, the fish are located.
Yet another objective is to provide a fishing lure that changes color at a known temperature so that one can easily determine at which thermoclime fish are known to be biting.
Another objective is to provide a lure that changes color at certain temperatures that will not change back until a substantial drop in temperature due to the cold color/hot color system.
Still another objective of the invention is to provide a thermochromic lure that can be made easily and will be of reasonably long life.
Other objectives of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art once the the invention has been shown and described.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows a graph of color versus temperature for a cold color ink.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The terms "thermochromic ink" or "thermochromic paint" are used in this application to refer to special paints or dyes that change color when the surrounding temperature changes. These dyes are typically ester or alkyd based and are known as thermochromic paints or inks.
Matsui-Shikisco Chemical Co., Ltd. of Kyoto, Japan and Pilot, Inc. of 1800 Sarona Way, Carson, Calif. (parent company located in Naguya, Japan) are two known producers of such paints that may be used for the inventions in this application. Thermochromic paints are known by the tradename: CHROMICOLOR.
The preferred paint that has been found to work the best is known as Chromic Alkyd Electrostatic Paint and it is made by Matsui company.
Usually, a color-changing system uses two types of colored paint: "cold colors" and "hot colors". Hot colors underlie the top coat and do not change color with temperature. Cold colors overlie the hot color and do change color at certain temperatures, usually somewhere between 0 and 30 degrees celsius. Usually the cold color is of draker hue than the hot color and the color change that results when a certain temperature is reached results in a virtual disappearance of the "cold color" to reveal the color of the "hot color".
Typical base or hot colors are white, yellow, orange, blue, green and various shades in between. The cold colors overlie the base colors and the lure would normally be that color until the temperature rises to a certain point at which the top coat, cold color almost all disappears to reveal the base coat, hot color.
It is important to note that these cold colors usually have two crucial temperatures: a temperature at which the cold color vanishes as temperature rises and, once it has vanished, a temperature at which the cold color re-appears as the temperature drops. These two temperatures are not necessarily the same. See FIG. 1.
For instance, a cold color of yellow may disappear at 30° C. to reveal a blue base coat (hot color). Then, as the water (or outside atmosphere) lowers, the yellow cold color does not reappear until, say, 20° C. Hence the use of the term; "history" to describe these type of paints, i.e. the state that the color is in is important to determine what color it will be at a given temperature.
In the example above, at 25° C. the top coat cold color would be seen if the lure had been at a lower temperature. In that case, the cold color will disappear when it reaches 30° C. The top coat would not be seen at 25° if the lure was previously warmer (i.e. had already reached 30° and had disappeared). In that case the cold color will not return until 20° C. is reached. Thus at a given temperature, the previously reached state ("history") may determine what color shows.
FIG. 1 shows this phenomenon in graphical form with the arrows to indicate the direction of temperature fall or rise. The y axis indicates the percentage of cold color, top coat that appears at a given temperature.
Typical cold colors are yellow, orange, vermillion, rose, pink, magenta, blue, green and black. In the Matsui scheme, the cold colors cannot be of lighter shade than the base color, so when one chooses, say, blue for the base color the cold colors will be in the form of shades of purple.
As some varieties of fish, especially in ocean waters, do turn colors it is thought that some lures may be painted colors that resemble those that these fish turn into. It is possible that fish may triggered into striking when they see a color change occur.
Depending on which type is chosen, the colors will turn upon reaching some temperature between 0 and 30 degrees celsius. In this scheme, various lures can be made which will turn at different temperatures, and an entire set of lures can be kept at hand in order to be prepared to fish at whatever thermoclime may be encountered. The term "thermoclime" refers to a certain level in the body of water that is at or near the same temperature. Fish are believed to generally feed at or otherwise inhabit one thermoclime at any one time depending on the time of day and what activity they are at, e.g. feeding, etc.
With the set of lures of different temperature dependence in hand, one goes fishing and chooses a lure that turns at a temperature near that of the thermoclime that the fish are at. Different lures are used until it is found which lure seems to be getting the most action. The temperature that lure changes at indicates the thermoclime in the water that is likely to have the most fish. With these types of cold colors in use, it does not matter if the thermoclime temperature lowers a few degrees, the cold color will not change back until a sizeable drop in temperature is realized.
The paint may be applied like other types of paints, first a base coat is applied which is a primer, typically white. Then, a main coat is applied, the desired hot color (the color that will be seen when the cold color disappears as the temperature rises). Finally, the top coat is applied which may be the cold color. After each spray, air dry, then bake at 130°-140° for a minimum of 12 minutes, If baking at 140°, the total baking time should not exceed 80 minutes. The chromic (color-changing) ink should be continuously stirred during use to prevent settling.
Typical colors that may be chosen for hot colors would likely be black, white chartreuse, orange, red, blue, purple, green, yellow, gold, and pink. | The invention is a set of colored fishing lures which change their color depending on the temperature of the body of water they are in. The lures are painted with thermochromic inks or paints in a variety of black, white, chartreuse, orange, red, blue, purple, green, yellow, gold and pinks. The paint is water resistant, changes quickly within a few degrees of temperature, and is easy to apply. | This paper presents an invention in the field of fishing lures that utilizes thermochromic inks and/or paint to create temperature-dependent color changes. The lures aid in the fishing process by allowing different lures to be selected based on their color changes at different temperatures, enabling identification of thermoclimes in the body of water where fish are likely to be. The paper describes the preferred paint used, the color-changing system, and the potential use of colors resembling those of fish. The effectiveness of these lures is demonstrated through a set of drawings and instructions for application. | {
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"query": "Summarize the context",
"context": "FIELD OF INVENTION \n 1. Background of the Invention \n The invention relates to the field of fishing lures and, in particular, to lures that are painted with thermochromic inks and/or paint, resulting in colored lures whose color is temperature dependent. \n 2. Description of the Prior Art \n While color changing lures are mentioned in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,835,899 and 4,731,948 to Doyle Helton, these do not mention coating lures with thermochromic ink or paint. These patents refer to liquid crystal which turns color in response to electromagnetic fields. \n SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION \n The invention is a fishing lure that is painted with thermochromic ink or paint to produce a lure that changes colors at different temperatures. The lures aid the fishing process as different lures can be chosen that change colors at different temperatures and thus different thermoclimes in the body of water being fished can be identified to determine where fish are most likely to be. \n It is an object of the invention to provide a fishing lure that will change color upon reaching different temperatures, \n Another object of the invention is to provide a set of fishing lures with color changing characteristics of different temperatures to indicate at which thermoclimes, in the body of water being fished, the fish are located. \n Yet another objective is to provide a fishing lure that changes color at a known temperature so that one can easily determine at which thermoclime fish are known to be biting. \n Another objective is to provide a lure that changes color at certain temperatures that will not change back until a substantial drop in temperature due to the cold color/hot color system. \n Still another objective of the invention is to provide a thermochromic lure that can be made easily and will be of reasonably long life. \n Other objectives of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art once the the invention has been shown and described. \n \n \n DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS \n FIG. 1 shows a graph of color versus temperature for a cold color ink. \n \n \n DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT \n The terms "thermochromic ink" or "thermochromic paint" are used in this application to refer to special paints or dyes that change color when the surrounding temperature changes. These dyes are typically ester or alkyd based and are known as thermochromic paints or inks. \n Matsui-Shikisco Chemical Co., Ltd. of Kyoto, Japan and Pilot, Inc. of 1800 Sarona Way, Carson, Calif. (parent company located in Naguya, Japan) are two known producers of such paints that may be used for the inventions in this application. Thermochromic paints are known by the tradename: CHROMICOLOR. \n The preferred paint that has been found to work the best is known as Chromic Alkyd Electrostatic Paint and it is made by Matsui company. \n Usually, a color-changing system uses two types of colored paint: "cold colors" and "hot colors". Hot colors underlie the top coat and do not change color with temperature. Cold colors overlie the hot color and do change color at certain temperatures, usually somewhere between 0 and 30 degrees celsius. Usually the cold color is of draker hue than the hot color and the color change that results when a certain temperature is reached results in a virtual disappearance of the "cold color" to reveal the color of the "hot color". \n Typical base or hot colors are white, yellow, orange, blue, green and various shades in between. The cold colors overlie the base colors and the lure would normally be that color until the temperature rises to a certain point at which the top coat, cold color almost all disappears to reveal the base coat, hot color. \n It is important to note that these cold colors usually have two crucial temperatures: a temperature at which the cold color vanishes as temperature rises and, once it has vanished, a temperature at which the cold color re-appears as the temperature drops. These two temperatures are not necessarily the same. See FIG. 1. \n For instance, a cold color of yellow may disappear at 30° C. to reveal a blue base coat (hot color). Then, as the water (or outside atmosphere) lowers, the yellow cold color does not reappear until, say, 20° C. Hence the use of the term; "history" to describe these type of paints, i.e. the state that the color is in is important to determine what color it will be at a given temperature. \n In the example above, at 25° C. the top coat cold color would be seen if the lure had been at a lower temperature. In that case, the cold color will disappear when it reaches 30° C. The top coat would not be seen at 25° if the lure was previously warmer (i.e. had already reached 30° and had disappeared). In that case the cold color will not return until 20° C. is reached. Thus at a given temperature, the previously reached state ("history") may determine what color shows. \n FIG. 1 shows this phenomenon in graphical form with the arrows to indicate the direction of temperature fall or rise. The y axis indicates the percentage of cold color, top coat that appears at a given temperature. \n Typical cold colors are yellow, orange, vermillion, rose, pink, magenta, blue, green and black. In the Matsui scheme, the cold colors cannot be of lighter shade than the base color, so when one chooses, say, blue for the base color the cold colors will be in the form of shades of purple. \n As some varieties of fish, especially in ocean waters, do turn colors it is thought that some lures may be painted colors that resemble those that these fish turn into. It is possible that fish may triggered into striking when they see a color change occur. \n Depending on which type is chosen, the colors will turn upon reaching some temperature between 0 and 30 degrees celsius. In this scheme, various lures can be made which will turn at different temperatures, and an entire set of lures can be kept at hand in order to be prepared to fish at whatever thermoclime may be encountered. The term "thermoclime" refers to a certain level in the body of water that is at or near the same temperature. Fish are believed to generally feed at or otherwise inhabit one thermoclime at any one time depending on the time of day and what activity they are at, e.g. feeding, etc. \n With the set of lures of different temperature dependence in hand, one goes fishing and chooses a lure that turns at a temperature near that of the thermoclime that the fish are at. Different lures are used until it is found which lure seems to be getting the most action. The temperature that lure changes at indicates the thermoclime in the water that is likely to have the most fish. With these types of cold colors in use, it does not matter if the thermoclime temperature lowers a few degrees, the cold color will not change back until a sizeable drop in temperature is realized. \n The paint may be applied like other types of paints, first a base coat is applied which is a primer, typically white. Then, a main coat is applied, the desired hot color (the color that will be seen when the cold color disappears as the temperature rises). Finally, the top coat is applied which may be the cold color. After each spray, air dry, then bake at 130°-140° for a minimum of 12 minutes, If baking at 140°, the total baking time should not exceed 80 minutes. The chromic (color-changing) ink should be continuously stirred during use to prevent settling. \n Typical colors that may be chosen for hot colors would likely be black, white chartreuse, orange, red, blue, purple, green, yellow, gold, and pink.",
"response": "This paper presents an invention in the field of fishing lures that utilizes thermochromic inks and/or paint to create temperature-dependent color changes. The lures aid in the fishing process by allowing different lures to be selected based on their color changes at different temperatures, enabling identification of thermoclimes in the body of water where fish are likely to be. The paper describes the preferred paint used, the color-changing system, and the potential use of colors resembling those of fish. The effectiveness of these lures is demonstrated through a set of drawings and instructions for application."
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RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation in part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/776,663 filed Feb. 10, 2004 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,211,112.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to the field of orthopedic surgery and, more particularly, to implants to be placed between vertebrae in the spine.
2. Background of the Invention
Spinal stabilization is one approach to alleviating chronic back pain caused by displaced disk material or excessive movement of individual vertebrae. Conventional stabilization techniques include fusing two or more vertebrae together to circumvent or immobilize the area of excessive movement. Normally, the vertebral disk material which separates the vertebrae is removed and bone graft material is inserted in the space for interbody fusion. In addition to or, in place of, the bone graft material, a spinal implant may be inserted in the intervertebral space.
The conventional surgical approach for stabilization has been posteriorly for ease of access to the spine and to avoid interfering with internal organs and tissue. Usually the implant site is prepared to maintain natural lordosis and to accept a certain sized implant within certain pressure limits. This requires considerable time and skill by the surgeon.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
U.S. Pat. No. 6,562,074 to Gerber et al issued May 13, 2003 discloses a spinal insert which can be manipulated to adjust the height of the implant through links connected to the upper and lower plates.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,120,506 issued Sep. 19, 2000 to Kohrs et al discloses a lordotic implant and a tap for use in preparing the vertebrae. The implant is designed to be inserted between the non-parallel end plates of adjacent vertebrae and maintain the natural lordotic angle of the spine. This is done through the use of a threaded tapered plug inserted in a tapped hole in the direction required by the lordosis of the spine. The implant is hollow and has radial apertures for accommodating bone graft material.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,015,436 issued Jan. 18, 2000 to Shoenhoeffer discloses a tubular spinal implant. The implant is hollow and has radial apertures for interbody fusion through bone growth material. The device is placed between adjacent vertebrae with the opposite ends of the tube contacting the opposing vertebrae. The opposite ends are threaded together to form the hollow tube.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The implant of this invention has a main body having upper and a lower sections with mating sidewalls relatively movable along an inclined ramp. The inclined ramp forms a wedge movable between inclined sidewalls of the main body sections. The main body sections and the inclined ramp form a hollow cube-shaped structure with common open sides. The implant is inserted in an extended thin mode between adjacent vertebrae and the ramp is inserted between the sections through one end. The body sections are connected at the other end by a link which permits the sections to move vertically away from each other for increasing the height of the implant and engaging the opposing surfaces of adjacent vertebrae. The adjacent vertebrae are forced apart as the height of the implant increases. The spinal fusion device may be used unilaterally or bilaterally.
Accordingly, it is an objective of the instant invention to teach a posterior surgical approach for placement of an adjustable spinal implant for interbody fusion allowing the implant to be inserted through a small incision and increased in size in situ.
It is another objective of the instant invention to teach a spinal implant which allows the surgeon to provide for lordosis intraoperatively and to distract through the implant.
It is a further objective of the instant invention to teach a spinal implant having increased contact area in the disk space.
It is yet another objective of the instant invention to teach an implant facilitating interbody fusion through bone graft or an ingrowth-type implant.
Other objectives and advantages of this invention will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein are set forth, by way of illustration and example, certain embodiments of this invention. The drawings constitute a part of this specification and include exemplary embodiments of the present invention and illustrate various objects and features thereof.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective of the spinal fusion implant of this invention in the thin mode;
FIG. 2 is a perspective of the spinal fusion device of this invention in the deployed mode;
FIG. 3 is a side view, partially in section, of the implant of FIG. 2 ;
FIG. 4 is an end view in perspective another embodiment of the implant of this invention in the thin mode;
FIG. 5 is a perspective of the spinal fusion device of FIG. 4 of this invention in the deployed mode; and
FIG. 6 is a side view, partially in section, of the implant of FIG. 4 .
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The spinal fusion device 10 is inserted in the intervertebral space in the insertion mode, shown in FIG. 1 , to replace damaged, missing or excised disk material. This extended position allows the leading end of the implant to be inserted in a small intervertebral space without the necessity of excising structurally sound bone. The upper section 11 has a top surface 12 for engaging the end plate of a vertebra and the lower section 13 has a bottom surface 14 for engaging the end plate of an adjacent vertebra. The top surface 12 and the bottom surface 14 are planar to provide a large contact area with each vertebra. Each contact surface has a roughened finish to provide better purchase on the end plates of the vertebrae. As shown, the top and bottom surfaces have a series of lands and grooves 15 , 16 , 17 and 18 though other stippled treatment may be employed. Of course, the device may be rotated about its longitudinal axis 180 degrees so that the upper section becomes the lower section and vice versa.
The device 10 has two extreme positions and is adjustable infinitely between those positions, eg., in the insertion mode, the extended position of the leading end of the structure has a height 20 approximately the same as the height of the sections and a length approximately twice the length of one section, as shown in FIG. 1 . In the increased height mode, the expanded position, shown in FIG. 2 , the height 19 is the sum of the height of the individual sections with the distractor 42 and the length is approximately the same as the length of a section.
The fusion device 10 may be made of conventional materials used for surgical implants, such as stainless steel and its many different alloys, titanium, and any other metal with the requisite strength and biologically inert properties. Polymeric materials with adequate strength and biological properties may also be used in the construction of the fusion device.
The upper section 11 is formed with an end wall 21 a top surface 12 and depending sidewalls 22 and 23 . The sidewalls terminate in an inclined plane 24 which extends from the end wall 21 to the top surface 12 . The top surface 12 has a large aperture 25 therethrough to provide for bone ingrowth. The top surface 12 has a narrower groove 26 extending along the sidewalls 22 and 23 . The groove 26 engages the flange 43 of distractor 42 to guide the relative movement of the sections maintaining the distractor 42 and the depending sidewalls in alignment. The link 40 has a bore 27 with internal threads 28 to cooperate with the threads 41 on the link 40 .
The bottom surface 14 of the lower section 13 has a large aperture 30 , as shown in FIG. 1 , to facilitate bone ingrowth after implantation. The lower section 13 is a U-shaped channel with opposed upstanding sidewalls 31 and 32 projecting from the bottom surface. The side walls 31 and 32 have a short end 33 and a long end 34 . The sidewalls 31 and 32 terminate in an inclined plane extending from the short end 33 toward the long end 34 . The upstanding walls each have a groove 35 along the edge of the inclined plane. The movement of the flange 44 through the groove 35 contributes to the alignment of the distractor 42 and lower section as they move relative to each other.
The ends of the inclined planes of the upstanding and depending walls are smooth ramps to provide ease in the relative sliding contact between the distractor and upper and lower section surfaces. Other embodiments of the complementary surfaces may provide additional or substitute guidance to maintain the upper and lower sections in alignment during movement of the contacting surfaces of the inclined planes, such as, the ends of the inclined planes may be sloped across the thickness of the side walls or a stepped ramp may be used.
The ramp or distractor 42 is dimensioned to be inserted into the trailing end of the interior cavity between the upper section and the lower section of the spinal infusion device 10 , as shown in FIG. 1 . An end wall 36 is dimensioned to close the opening formed in the trailing end between the upper section 11 and the lower section 13 by the depending and upstanding sidewalls. The upper surface of the plug has an inclined ramp on each side to accommodate the inclined plane 24 of the depending walls 22 and 23 of the upper section. The end wall 36 has a larger circumferential end dimensioned to extend to the outer periphery of the upper and lower sections to make a smooth trailing end outer surface. Extending from the end wall 36 into the cavity of the hollow structure 10 is the body 47 of the distractor 42 . The body is connected to the end wall 36 by two rails 48 and 49 leaving the central area open for bone ingrowth. The end plug 36 has a bore 61 aligned with bore 60 in link 40 . The bore 61 has a larger countersunk bore 63 in the end wall 36 . These bores are aligned with the threaded tube 29 attached to the link 40 , as shown in FIG. 3 .
The leading ends of the upper and lower sections are formed with a vertical slot 64 . Link 40 includes an upper flange 65 and a lower flange 66 of a size and shape to slide within the vertical slot 64 as the distractor 42 moves into the central cavity foreshortening the implant and increasing the distance between the leading ends of the sections. The threaded tube 29 surrounds the bore 60 and extends toward the bore 61 . A jack screw 67 is inserted through bore 61 engaging the threads in the tube 27 . As the jack screw 67 is tightened, the ramp is drawn toward the leading end of the implant and the leading ends of the upper and lower sections slide apart along flanges 65 and 66 .
The spinal fusion device is inserted in the disk space between adjacent vertebrae in the extended position with the top surface in contact with the end plate of one vertebra and the bottom surface in contact with the end plate of an adjacent vertebra. The surgeon turns the jack screw 67 causing the upper and lower sections to move along the complementary inclined plane to shorten the fusion device and increase the distance between the end plates of the adjacent vertebrae. The adjustment may continue until the optimum distance between vertebrae has been reached. At this time, the jack screw may be removed and replaced by a bolt (not shown) of sufficient length to retain the upper and lower sections together.
In FIGS. 4 , 5 and 6 , another embodiment of the implant 10 is illustrated with integral brackets on the upper and lower sections for engaging adjacent vertebrae. Each bracket has apertures therethrough for placing bone screws into the adjacent vertebra. The bone screws add stability to the implant and provide additional security to prevent dislodgement of th implant under normal activity.
The upper section has a bracket 70 attached to the trailing end wall. As shown, the bracket extends normal to the top surface 12 in a direction away from the distractor 42 . The lower section 13 has a bracket 71 attached to the trailing end wall and extending in the opposite direction from the lower section. Each bracket 70 , 71 is shown with countersunk apertures 72 , 73 , 74 and 75 . Bone screws 76 , 77 , 78 and 79 are inserted into the apertures and threaded into the vertebrae.
A number of embodiments of the present invention have been described. Nevertheless, it will be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited by the specific illustrated embodiment but only by the scope of the appended claims. | A spinal fusion implant for implantation between adjacent vertebrae is formed in the approximate shape of a hollow cube. The device has an upper section and a lower section separated by a distractor all of which are relatively movable. The sidewalls of the upper section and the lower section terminate in inclined planes so that the sections move away from each other as the wedge shaped distractor increases the height of the device. | This paper presents a spinal fusion device for interbody fusion in orthopedic surgery. The device consists of upper and lower sections with mating sidewalls that are movable along an inclined ramp. The device can be adjusted to increase its height and engage the surfaces of adjacent vertebrae. The device allows for a posterior surgical approach, provides lordosis intraoperatively, and facilitates interbody fusion. The device can be made of various materials and may include brackets for additional stability. The paper includes detailed descriptions and illustrations of the device. | {
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"query": "Summarize the context",
"context": "RELATED APPLICATIONS \n This application is a continuation in part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/776,663 filed Feb. 10, 2004 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,211,112. \n \n \n BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION \n 1. Field of the Invention \n This invention relates to the field of orthopedic surgery and, more particularly, to implants to be placed between vertebrae in the spine. \n 2. Background of the Invention \n Spinal stabilization is one approach to alleviating chronic back pain caused by displaced disk material or excessive movement of individual vertebrae. Conventional stabilization techniques include fusing two or more vertebrae together to circumvent or immobilize the area of excessive movement. Normally, the vertebral disk material which separates the vertebrae is removed and bone graft material is inserted in the space for interbody fusion. In addition to or, in place of, the bone graft material, a spinal implant may be inserted in the intervertebral space. \n The conventional surgical approach for stabilization has been posteriorly for ease of access to the spine and to avoid interfering with internal organs and tissue. Usually the implant site is prepared to maintain natural lordosis and to accept a certain sized implant within certain pressure limits. This requires considerable time and skill by the surgeon. \n DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART \n U.S. Pat. No. 6,562,074 to Gerber et al issued May 13, 2003 discloses a spinal insert which can be manipulated to adjust the height of the implant through links connected to the upper and lower plates. \n U.S. Pat. No. 6,120,506 issued Sep. 19, 2000 to Kohrs et al discloses a lordotic implant and a tap for use in preparing the vertebrae. The implant is designed to be inserted between the non-parallel end plates of adjacent vertebrae and maintain the natural lordotic angle of the spine. This is done through the use of a threaded tapered plug inserted in a tapped hole in the direction required by the lordosis of the spine. The implant is hollow and has radial apertures for accommodating bone graft material. \n U.S. Pat. No. 6,015,436 issued Jan. 18, 2000 to Shoenhoeffer discloses a tubular spinal implant. The implant is hollow and has radial apertures for interbody fusion through bone growth material. The device is placed between adjacent vertebrae with the opposite ends of the tube contacting the opposing vertebrae. The opposite ends are threaded together to form the hollow tube. \n SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION \n The implant of this invention has a main body having upper and a lower sections with mating sidewalls relatively movable along an inclined ramp. The inclined ramp forms a wedge movable between inclined sidewalls of the main body sections. The main body sections and the inclined ramp form a hollow cube-shaped structure with common open sides. The implant is inserted in an extended thin mode between adjacent vertebrae and the ramp is inserted between the sections through one end. The body sections are connected at the other end by a link which permits the sections to move vertically away from each other for increasing the height of the implant and engaging the opposing surfaces of adjacent vertebrae. The adjacent vertebrae are forced apart as the height of the implant increases. The spinal fusion device may be used unilaterally or bilaterally. \n Accordingly, it is an objective of the instant invention to teach a posterior surgical approach for placement of an adjustable spinal implant for interbody fusion allowing the implant to be inserted through a small incision and increased in size in situ. \n It is another objective of the instant invention to teach a spinal implant which allows the surgeon to provide for lordosis intraoperatively and to distract through the implant. \n It is a further objective of the instant invention to teach a spinal implant having increased contact area in the disk space. \n It is yet another objective of the instant invention to teach an implant facilitating interbody fusion through bone graft or an ingrowth-type implant. \n Other objectives and advantages of this invention will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein are set forth, by way of illustration and example, certain embodiments of this invention. The drawings constitute a part of this specification and include exemplary embodiments of the present invention and illustrate various objects and features thereof. \n \n \n \n BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS \n FIG. 1 is a perspective of the spinal fusion implant of this invention in the thin mode; \n FIG. 2 is a perspective of the spinal fusion device of this invention in the deployed mode; \n FIG. 3 is a side view, partially in section, of the implant of FIG. 2 ; \n FIG. 4 is an end view in perspective another embodiment of the implant of this invention in the thin mode; \n FIG. 5 is a perspective of the spinal fusion device of FIG. 4 of this invention in the deployed mode; and \n FIG. 6 is a side view, partially in section, of the implant of FIG. 4 . \n \n \n \n DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION \n The spinal fusion device 10 is inserted in the intervertebral space in the insertion mode, shown in FIG. 1 , to replace damaged, missing or excised disk material. This extended position allows the leading end of the implant to be inserted in a small intervertebral space without the necessity of excising structurally sound bone. The upper section 11 has a top surface 12 for engaging the end plate of a vertebra and the lower section 13 has a bottom surface 14 for engaging the end plate of an adjacent vertebra. The top surface 12 and the bottom surface 14 are planar to provide a large contact area with each vertebra. Each contact surface has a roughened finish to provide better purchase on the end plates of the vertebrae. As shown, the top and bottom surfaces have a series of lands and grooves 15 , 16 , 17 and 18 though other stippled treatment may be employed. Of course, the device may be rotated about its longitudinal axis 180 degrees so that the upper section becomes the lower section and vice versa. \n The device 10 has two extreme positions and is adjustable infinitely between those positions, eg., in the insertion mode, the extended position of the leading end of the structure has a height 20 approximately the same as the height of the sections and a length approximately twice the length of one section, as shown in FIG. 1 . In the increased height mode, the expanded position, shown in FIG. 2 , the height 19 is the sum of the height of the individual sections with the distractor 42 and the length is approximately the same as the length of a section. \n The fusion device 10 may be made of conventional materials used for surgical implants, such as stainless steel and its many different alloys, titanium, and any other metal with the requisite strength and biologically inert properties. Polymeric materials with adequate strength and biological properties may also be used in the construction of the fusion device. \n The upper section 11 is formed with an end wall 21 a top surface 12 and depending sidewalls 22 and 23 . The sidewalls terminate in an inclined plane 24 which extends from the end wall 21 to the top surface 12 . The top surface 12 has a large aperture 25 therethrough to provide for bone ingrowth. The top surface 12 has a narrower groove 26 extending along the sidewalls 22 and 23 . The groove 26 engages the flange 43 of distractor 42 to guide the relative movement of the sections maintaining the distractor 42 and the depending sidewalls in alignment. The link 40 has a bore 27 with internal threads 28 to cooperate with the threads 41 on the link 40 . \n The bottom surface 14 of the lower section 13 has a large aperture 30 , as shown in FIG. 1 , to facilitate bone ingrowth after implantation. The lower section 13 is a U-shaped channel with opposed upstanding sidewalls 31 and 32 projecting from the bottom surface. The side walls 31 and 32 have a short end 33 and a long end 34 . The sidewalls 31 and 32 terminate in an inclined plane extending from the short end 33 toward the long end 34 . The upstanding walls each have a groove 35 along the edge of the inclined plane. The movement of the flange 44 through the groove 35 contributes to the alignment of the distractor 42 and lower section as they move relative to each other. \n The ends of the inclined planes of the upstanding and depending walls are smooth ramps to provide ease in the relative sliding contact between the distractor and upper and lower section surfaces. Other embodiments of the complementary surfaces may provide additional or substitute guidance to maintain the upper and lower sections in alignment during movement of the contacting surfaces of the inclined planes, such as, the ends of the inclined planes may be sloped across the thickness of the side walls or a stepped ramp may be used. \n The ramp or distractor 42 is dimensioned to be inserted into the trailing end of the interior cavity between the upper section and the lower section of the spinal infusion device 10 , as shown in FIG. 1 . An end wall 36 is dimensioned to close the opening formed in the trailing end between the upper section 11 and the lower section 13 by the depending and upstanding sidewalls. The upper surface of the plug has an inclined ramp on each side to accommodate the inclined plane 24 of the depending walls 22 and 23 of the upper section. The end wall 36 has a larger circumferential end dimensioned to extend to the outer periphery of the upper and lower sections to make a smooth trailing end outer surface. Extending from the end wall 36 into the cavity of the hollow structure 10 is the body 47 of the distractor 42 . The body is connected to the end wall 36 by two rails 48 and 49 leaving the central area open for bone ingrowth. The end plug 36 has a bore 61 aligned with bore 60 in link 40 . The bore 61 has a larger countersunk bore 63 in the end wall 36 . These bores are aligned with the threaded tube 29 attached to the link 40 , as shown in FIG. 3 . \n The leading ends of the upper and lower sections are formed with a vertical slot 64 . Link 40 includes an upper flange 65 and a lower flange 66 of a size and shape to slide within the vertical slot 64 as the distractor 42 moves into the central cavity foreshortening the implant and increasing the distance between the leading ends of the sections. The threaded tube 29 surrounds the bore 60 and extends toward the bore 61 . A jack screw 67 is inserted through bore 61 engaging the threads in the tube 27 . As the jack screw 67 is tightened, the ramp is drawn toward the leading end of the implant and the leading ends of the upper and lower sections slide apart along flanges 65 and 66 . \n The spinal fusion device is inserted in the disk space between adjacent vertebrae in the extended position with the top surface in contact with the end plate of one vertebra and the bottom surface in contact with the end plate of an adjacent vertebra. The surgeon turns the jack screw 67 causing the upper and lower sections to move along the complementary inclined plane to shorten the fusion device and increase the distance between the end plates of the adjacent vertebrae. The adjustment may continue until the optimum distance between vertebrae has been reached. At this time, the jack screw may be removed and replaced by a bolt (not shown) of sufficient length to retain the upper and lower sections together. \n In FIGS. 4 , 5 and 6 , another embodiment of the implant 10 is illustrated with integral brackets on the upper and lower sections for engaging adjacent vertebrae. Each bracket has apertures therethrough for placing bone screws into the adjacent vertebra. The bone screws add stability to the implant and provide additional security to prevent dislodgement of th implant under normal activity. \n The upper section has a bracket 70 attached to the trailing end wall. As shown, the bracket extends normal to the top surface 12 in a direction away from the distractor 42 . The lower section 13 has a bracket 71 attached to the trailing end wall and extending in the opposite direction from the lower section. Each bracket 70 , 71 is shown with countersunk apertures 72 , 73 , 74 and 75 . Bone screws 76 , 77 , 78 and 79 are inserted into the apertures and threaded into the vertebrae. \n A number of embodiments of the present invention have been described. Nevertheless, it will be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited by the specific illustrated embodiment but only by the scope of the appended claims.",
"response": "This paper presents a spinal fusion device for interbody fusion in orthopedic surgery. The device consists of upper and lower sections with mating sidewalls that are movable along an inclined ramp. The device can be adjusted to increase its height and engage the surfaces of adjacent vertebrae. The device allows for a posterior surgical approach, provides lordosis intraoperatively, and facilitates interbody fusion. The device can be made of various materials and may include brackets for additional stability. The paper includes detailed descriptions and illustrations of the device."
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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] 1. Field of the Invention
[0002] In general, the present invention relates to dog bowls and other such animal feeding bowls. More particularly, the present invention relates to the structure of dog bowls and the structure of attachments for use with dog bowls that help reduce the amount of food or water an animal splashes out of the bowl when feeding.
[0003] 2. Prior Art Statement
[0004] The prior art is replete with different types of bowls and other containers that can be used to feed a pet dog or another animal that eats at floor level. As most any dog owner would testify, dogs do not exhibit many manners when they eat. Often when a dog eats food from a bowl placed on the floor, the dog's snout displaces food from the bowl and the food falls on the floor. When a dog drinks water from a bowl, the dog's snout is submersed in the water and becomes wet. When the dog lifts its head out of the bowl, the water from the wet snout drips onto the floor. Furthermore, when a dog is either drinking or eating from a bowl, it is not uncommon for the dog to move the bowl along the floor with its snout and tip the bowl, thereby spilling the contents of the bowl onto the floor.
[0005] The prior art is replete with different types of specialized bowls and containers that are designed to reduce the amount of spillage that occurs from a dog bowl. One common type of prior art bowl is the weighted feeding bowl. Weighted feeding bowls are bowls that have enlarged, heavy bases. By increasing the size and weight of the base of the bowl, the center of gravity for the bowl is lowered. Therefore, it becomes harder for a dog to accidentally tip the bowl. Such prior art dog bowls are exemplified by U.S. Pat. No. 5,979,361 to Willinger, entitled Non-Skid Pet Bowl.
[0006] Although bowls with weighted bases are harder to tip, they do not prevent a dog from displacing food or water out of the bowl with the dog's snout. To prevent dogs from displacing food out of a bowl or splashing water out of a bowl, bowls have been designed with covers that expose only a small portion of the contents of the bowl to the feeding animal. By exposing only a small portion of the food or water in a bowl, the feeding dog does not displace the food with its snout or submerse its snout in the exposed volume of water. Prior art bowls with lids that expose only a portion of the bowl are exemplified by U.S. Pat. No. 3,810,446 to Kightlinger, entitled Animal Food Bowl And Cover Therefore; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,436,056 to MacLeod, entitled Spill-Resistant Pet Animal Dish.
[0007] A problem associated with such limited access bowls is that the feeding animal is not exposed to the full contents of the bowl at once. Consequently, the feeding animal may press its snout as far as possible into the bowl trying to reach food that is stuck in the protected areas of the bowl. This causes the feeding animal to press hard against the bowl, thereby greatly increasing the chances that the bowl will be moved and tipped over by the animal. Another disadvantage of limited access bowls is that food tends to get stuck in the inaccessible regions of the bowl. This food may rot, thereby making the bowl unsanitary to use, even by a dog.
[0008] A need therefore exists in the art for a new device that will prevent a pet from spilling food or water out of a bowl without either weighting the bowl or restricting access to the contents of the bowl. This need is met by the present invention as described and claimed below.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0009] The present invention is a device and method for creating an improved feeding bowl assembly by attaching a guard device to a pet feeding bowl. The guard device is a bowl shaped guard that is positioned on top of a traditional pet feeding bowl. The guard device prevents food or water from being splashed out of the feeding bowl by the pet. Furthermore, the guard has a diameter that is larger than that of the feeding bowl. As such, the guard device catches drippings from the animal that would not otherwise be caught by the feeding bowl.
[0010] The guard device is either suspended over the pet feeding bowl or attached directly to the pet feeding bowl. When suspended over the feeding bowl, the guard device contains support elements that hold the guard device above the feeding bowl. When attached to the feeding bowl, the guard device contains a cylindrical section that passes into the feeding bowl and engages the feeding bowl with either an interference fit or a snap-together fit.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0011] For a better understanding of the present invention, reference is made to the following descriptions of exemplary embodiments thereof, considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0012] [0012]FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention guard device shown in conjunction with a dog bowl;
[0013] [0013]FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an alternate embodiment of a guard device shown in conjunction with a plurality of dog bowls; and
[0014] [0014]FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an alternate embodiment of a guard device positioned above a dog bowl.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0015] Although the present invention guard device can be applied to many different types of feeding bowls and containers, the present invention guard device is especially well suited for use with a simple round dog feeding bowl. Accordingly, in the exemplary embodiments of the invention that are shown, the present invention guard device is shown with a traditional round dog bowl.
[0016] Referring to FIG. 1, an exemplary embodiment of the present invention guard device 10 is shown with a conventional round dog feeding bowl 12 . The dog feeding bowl 12 is a bowl that has a circular open top of a first internal diameter D 1 . The top internal diameter D 1 of the dog feeding bowl 12 is typically between six inches and ten inches, if used to feed or water an average dog. Smaller diameter bowls are for smaller dogs and other smaller pets, such as cats. Many people utilize heavy ceramic or metal bowls to feed or water their pets. Still other people use old kitchen bowls. Any such bowl can be used in conjunction with the present invention guard device 10 .
[0017] When a person feeds or give water to their pet, they typically fill the feeding bowl at least half full with food or water. Any food or water that is displaced from the feeding bowl by the pet spills over the edge of the bowl and falls to the floor. This dirties the floor, thereby requiring that the floor around the dog bowl be cleaned often. Furthermore, food or water often adheres to the hair of the pet on its snout. When the pet pauses from feeding or drinking and lifts its head from the feeding bowl, it is not uncommon for food or water to drip from the pet's snout and fall to the floor. This is particularly prevalent with larger dogs that have large jowls. These spots of food and water not only dirty or wet the floor, they present potential slipping hazards if inadvertently stepped upon.
[0018] The present invention guard device 10 is a guard that attaches to the top of the dog bowl 12 and dramatically increases the area of that bowl. This increase in area prevents a dog from displacing food or water from the dog bowl 12 and catches drippings that may fall from the pet's snout or jowls.
[0019] The guard device 10 is an annular structure having a circular bottom edge 14 of a first diameter D 2 and a circular top edge 16 of a larger second diameter D 3 . The guard device 10 is formed into two separate sections between the bottom edge 14 and the top edge 16 . The two sections include a bowl engagement section 18 and an expanding section 20 . The bowl engagement section 18 is a cylindrically shaped section. The exterior of the bowl engagement section 18 has the same external diameter D 2 as does the bottom edge 14 of the guard device 10 . This diameter D 2 is preferably selected to be only slightly smaller than the inside diameter D 1 of the dog bowl 12 . The bowl engagement section 18 has a vertical length of between 14 inch and three inches. Accordingly, when the guard device 10 is placed onto the dog bowl 12 , the bowl engagement section 18 passes into the dog bowl until either the bottom edge 14 of the guard device 10 contacts the bottom of the dog bowl 12 or the top edge of the dog bowl 12 contacts the expanding section 20 of the guard device 10 .
[0020] Preferably, the vertical length of the engagement section of the guard device equals the depth of the dog bowl 12 . Likewise, the diameter D 2 of the exterior of the engagement section 18 of the guard device 10 matches the interior diameter of the dog bowl 12 . Although a mismatched guard device 10 and bowl 12 can be used, match sets are preferable. For this reason a guard device 10 can be sold in sets with a matching dog bowl 12 . If the dimensions of the engagement section 18 of the guard device 10 closely match the dimensions on the interior of the dog bowl 12 , the guard device 10 firmly engages the dog bowl 12 and is not easily knocked away from the dog bowl 12 . The closeness in dimensions creates a friction fit that serves to retain the guard device 10 in attachment with the dog bowl 12 .
[0021] If matched sets are used, the dog bowl can be created with a rim of a certain standard thickness. The guard device 10 can be manufactured with a groove that accepts the rim of the dog bowl, thereby interconnecting the dog bowl and the guard device with a mechanical attachment.
[0022] Once the guard device 10 is attached to the dog bowl 12 , the top edge 16 of the guard device 10 becomes the new open top to the combined bowl/guard assembly. This increases the area of the opening of the dog bowl 12 from between 25% to 300%. As an animal eats or drinks from the combined bowl/guard assembly, the presence of the guard device 10 prevents the dog from displacing food or water from the dog bowl 12 with its snout. Furthermore, as the dog pauses from eating or drinking and lifts its head from the bowl, drippings from the dog's snout and jowls will fall onto the guard device 10 and will flow back into the dog bowl 12 . As such, the guard device 10 greatly decreases the amount of food and water spillage that contacts the floor without restricting access of the dog bowl 12 to the dog.
[0023] Referring to FIG. 2, an alternate embodiment of the present invention guard device 30 is shown. In this embodiment, the engagement section 32 of the guard device 30 is stepped in its configuration. The stepped configuration consists of a plurality of cylindrical sections 34 , wherein each successive cylindrical section 34 increases in diameter as they progress from the bottom edge 36 of the engagement section 32 toward the expanding section 38 . By providing a stepped engagement section 32 , the engagement section 32 is capable of engaging a plurality of different diameter bowls 12 with a friction fit. Consequently, the guard device 30 can engage a plurality of different diameter bowls 12 provided one of the cylindrical sections 34 on the stepped configuration has a diameter that corresponds to the diameter of one of the bowls 12 .
[0024] Referring to FIG. 3, yet another embodiment of the present invention guard device 40 is provided. In this embodiment, it can be seen that the guard device 40 has a cylindrical engagement section 42 and a curved expanding section 44 , as does the embodiment previously shown in FIG. 1. However, in this embodiment, at least one support structure 46 extends downwardly from the bottom of the curved expanding section 44 and supports the guard device 40 on the ground. The support structure 46 can be one continuous wall that surrounds the engagement section 44 or can be a plurality or legs that are symmetrically disposed around the engagement section 42 .
[0025] The support structure 46 supports the remainder of the guard device 40 a predetermined distance above the ground. A dog bowl 12 can be placed under the guard device 40 within the space defined by the support structure 46 . As such, the support structure 46 supports the remainder of the guard device 40 over the dog bowl 12 . This enables the guard device 40 to be used with a dog bowl 12 , even though the diameter of the dog bowl 12 is much larger than that of the bottom edge of the guard device 40 .
[0026] It will be understood that the embodiments of the present invention device described and illustrated are merely exemplary and a person skilled in the art can make many variations to the shown embodiment. For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 3, it will be understood that the support structure 46 can be made as a structure that is part of the overall guard device, as shown, or it can be made as a separate detachable element. In all embodiments, the diameters, depth and slope of the expanding region of the guard device can be altered as desired. Lastly, the diameters and number of cylindrical sections 34 used in the embodiment of FIG. 2 can also be altered as desired. All such alternate embodiments and modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention as defined below in the claims. | A device and method for creating an improved feeding bowl assembly by attaching a guard device to a pet feeding bowl. The guard device is a bowl shaped guard that is positioned on top of a traditional pet feeding bowl. The guard device prevents food or water from being splashed out of the feeding bowl by the pet. Furthermore, the guard has a diameter that is larger than that of the feeding bowl. As such, the guard device catches drippings from the animal that would not otherwise be caught by the feeding bowl. | The present invention relates to a device and method for improving feeding bowl assemblies for pets. The device is a guard that attaches to the top of a pet feeding bowl and prevents food or water from being splashed out. The guard device has a larger diameter than the feeding bowl, catching any drippings from the pet's snout or jowls. The guard device can be suspended over the feeding bowl or attached directly to it. Various embodiments of the guard device are described, providing flexibility in design and compatibility with different feeding bowls. | {
"name": "Irftc",
"display_name": "Faithfulness",
"data": {
"query": "Summarize the context",
"context": "BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION \n [0001] 1. Field of the Invention \n [0002] In general, the present invention relates to dog bowls and other such animal feeding bowls. More particularly, the present invention relates to the structure of dog bowls and the structure of attachments for use with dog bowls that help reduce the amount of food or water an animal splashes out of the bowl when feeding. \n [0003] 2. Prior Art Statement \n [0004] The prior art is replete with different types of bowls and other containers that can be used to feed a pet dog or another animal that eats at floor level. As most any dog owner would testify, dogs do not exhibit many manners when they eat. Often when a dog eats food from a bowl placed on the floor, the dog's snout displaces food from the bowl and the food falls on the floor. When a dog drinks water from a bowl, the dog's snout is submersed in the water and becomes wet. When the dog lifts its head out of the bowl, the water from the wet snout drips onto the floor. Furthermore, when a dog is either drinking or eating from a bowl, it is not uncommon for the dog to move the bowl along the floor with its snout and tip the bowl, thereby spilling the contents of the bowl onto the floor. \n [0005] The prior art is replete with different types of specialized bowls and containers that are designed to reduce the amount of spillage that occurs from a dog bowl. One common type of prior art bowl is the weighted feeding bowl. Weighted feeding bowls are bowls that have enlarged, heavy bases. By increasing the size and weight of the base of the bowl, the center of gravity for the bowl is lowered. Therefore, it becomes harder for a dog to accidentally tip the bowl. Such prior art dog bowls are exemplified by U.S. Pat. No. 5,979,361 to Willinger, entitled Non-Skid Pet Bowl. \n [0006] Although bowls with weighted bases are harder to tip, they do not prevent a dog from displacing food or water out of the bowl with the dog's snout. To prevent dogs from displacing food out of a bowl or splashing water out of a bowl, bowls have been designed with covers that expose only a small portion of the contents of the bowl to the feeding animal. By exposing only a small portion of the food or water in a bowl, the feeding dog does not displace the food with its snout or submerse its snout in the exposed volume of water. Prior art bowls with lids that expose only a portion of the bowl are exemplified by U.S. Pat. No. 3,810,446 to Kightlinger, entitled Animal Food Bowl And Cover Therefore; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,436,056 to MacLeod, entitled Spill-Resistant Pet Animal Dish. \n [0007] A problem associated with such limited access bowls is that the feeding animal is not exposed to the full contents of the bowl at once. Consequently, the feeding animal may press its snout as far as possible into the bowl trying to reach food that is stuck in the protected areas of the bowl. This causes the feeding animal to press hard against the bowl, thereby greatly increasing the chances that the bowl will be moved and tipped over by the animal. Another disadvantage of limited access bowls is that food tends to get stuck in the inaccessible regions of the bowl. This food may rot, thereby making the bowl unsanitary to use, even by a dog. \n [0008] A need therefore exists in the art for a new device that will prevent a pet from spilling food or water out of a bowl without either weighting the bowl or restricting access to the contents of the bowl. This need is met by the present invention as described and claimed below. \n SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION \n [0009] The present invention is a device and method for creating an improved feeding bowl assembly by attaching a guard device to a pet feeding bowl. The guard device is a bowl shaped guard that is positioned on top of a traditional pet feeding bowl. The guard device prevents food or water from being splashed out of the feeding bowl by the pet. Furthermore, the guard has a diameter that is larger than that of the feeding bowl. As such, the guard device catches drippings from the animal that would not otherwise be caught by the feeding bowl. \n [0010] The guard device is either suspended over the pet feeding bowl or attached directly to the pet feeding bowl. When suspended over the feeding bowl, the guard device contains support elements that hold the guard device above the feeding bowl. When attached to the feeding bowl, the guard device contains a cylindrical section that passes into the feeding bowl and engages the feeding bowl with either an interference fit or a snap-together fit. \n \n \n \n BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS \n [0011] For a better understanding of the present invention, reference is made to the following descriptions of exemplary embodiments thereof, considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: \n [0012] [0012]FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention guard device shown in conjunction with a dog bowl; \n [0013] [0013]FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an alternate embodiment of a guard device shown in conjunction with a plurality of dog bowls; and \n [0014] [0014]FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an alternate embodiment of a guard device positioned above a dog bowl. \n \n \n DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION \n [0015] Although the present invention guard device can be applied to many different types of feeding bowls and containers, the present invention guard device is especially well suited for use with a simple round dog feeding bowl. Accordingly, in the exemplary embodiments of the invention that are shown, the present invention guard device is shown with a traditional round dog bowl. \n [0016] Referring to FIG. 1, an exemplary embodiment of the present invention guard device 10 is shown with a conventional round dog feeding bowl 12 . The dog feeding bowl 12 is a bowl that has a circular open top of a first internal diameter D 1 . The top internal diameter D 1 of the dog feeding bowl 12 is typically between six inches and ten inches, if used to feed or water an average dog. Smaller diameter bowls are for smaller dogs and other smaller pets, such as cats. Many people utilize heavy ceramic or metal bowls to feed or water their pets. Still other people use old kitchen bowls. Any such bowl can be used in conjunction with the present invention guard device 10 . \n [0017] When a person feeds or give water to their pet, they typically fill the feeding bowl at least half full with food or water. Any food or water that is displaced from the feeding bowl by the pet spills over the edge of the bowl and falls to the floor. This dirties the floor, thereby requiring that the floor around the dog bowl be cleaned often. Furthermore, food or water often adheres to the hair of the pet on its snout. When the pet pauses from feeding or drinking and lifts its head from the feeding bowl, it is not uncommon for food or water to drip from the pet's snout and fall to the floor. This is particularly prevalent with larger dogs that have large jowls. These spots of food and water not only dirty or wet the floor, they present potential slipping hazards if inadvertently stepped upon. \n [0018] The present invention guard device 10 is a guard that attaches to the top of the dog bowl 12 and dramatically increases the area of that bowl. This increase in area prevents a dog from displacing food or water from the dog bowl 12 and catches drippings that may fall from the pet's snout or jowls. \n [0019] The guard device 10 is an annular structure having a circular bottom edge 14 of a first diameter D 2 and a circular top edge 16 of a larger second diameter D 3 . The guard device 10 is formed into two separate sections between the bottom edge 14 and the top edge 16 . The two sections include a bowl engagement section 18 and an expanding section 20 . The bowl engagement section 18 is a cylindrically shaped section. The exterior of the bowl engagement section 18 has the same external diameter D 2 as does the bottom edge 14 of the guard device 10 . This diameter D 2 is preferably selected to be only slightly smaller than the inside diameter D 1 of the dog bowl 12 . The bowl engagement section 18 has a vertical length of between 14 inch and three inches. Accordingly, when the guard device 10 is placed onto the dog bowl 12 , the bowl engagement section 18 passes into the dog bowl until either the bottom edge 14 of the guard device 10 contacts the bottom of the dog bowl 12 or the top edge of the dog bowl 12 contacts the expanding section 20 of the guard device 10 . \n [0020] Preferably, the vertical length of the engagement section of the guard device equals the depth of the dog bowl 12 . Likewise, the diameter D 2 of the exterior of the engagement section 18 of the guard device 10 matches the interior diameter of the dog bowl 12 . Although a mismatched guard device 10 and bowl 12 can be used, match sets are preferable. For this reason a guard device 10 can be sold in sets with a matching dog bowl 12 . If the dimensions of the engagement section 18 of the guard device 10 closely match the dimensions on the interior of the dog bowl 12 , the guard device 10 firmly engages the dog bowl 12 and is not easily knocked away from the dog bowl 12 . The closeness in dimensions creates a friction fit that serves to retain the guard device 10 in attachment with the dog bowl 12 . \n [0021] If matched sets are used, the dog bowl can be created with a rim of a certain standard thickness. The guard device 10 can be manufactured with a groove that accepts the rim of the dog bowl, thereby interconnecting the dog bowl and the guard device with a mechanical attachment. \n [0022] Once the guard device 10 is attached to the dog bowl 12 , the top edge 16 of the guard device 10 becomes the new open top to the combined bowl/guard assembly. This increases the area of the opening of the dog bowl 12 from between 25% to 300%. As an animal eats or drinks from the combined bowl/guard assembly, the presence of the guard device 10 prevents the dog from displacing food or water from the dog bowl 12 with its snout. Furthermore, as the dog pauses from eating or drinking and lifts its head from the bowl, drippings from the dog's snout and jowls will fall onto the guard device 10 and will flow back into the dog bowl 12 . As such, the guard device 10 greatly decreases the amount of food and water spillage that contacts the floor without restricting access of the dog bowl 12 to the dog. \n [0023] Referring to FIG. 2, an alternate embodiment of the present invention guard device 30 is shown. In this embodiment, the engagement section 32 of the guard device 30 is stepped in its configuration. The stepped configuration consists of a plurality of cylindrical sections 34 , wherein each successive cylindrical section 34 increases in diameter as they progress from the bottom edge 36 of the engagement section 32 toward the expanding section 38 . By providing a stepped engagement section 32 , the engagement section 32 is capable of engaging a plurality of different diameter bowls 12 with a friction fit. Consequently, the guard device 30 can engage a plurality of different diameter bowls 12 provided one of the cylindrical sections 34 on the stepped configuration has a diameter that corresponds to the diameter of one of the bowls 12 . \n [0024] Referring to FIG. 3, yet another embodiment of the present invention guard device 40 is provided. In this embodiment, it can be seen that the guard device 40 has a cylindrical engagement section 42 and a curved expanding section 44 , as does the embodiment previously shown in FIG. 1. However, in this embodiment, at least one support structure 46 extends downwardly from the bottom of the curved expanding section 44 and supports the guard device 40 on the ground. The support structure 46 can be one continuous wall that surrounds the engagement section 44 or can be a plurality or legs that are symmetrically disposed around the engagement section 42 . \n [0025] The support structure 46 supports the remainder of the guard device 40 a predetermined distance above the ground. A dog bowl 12 can be placed under the guard device 40 within the space defined by the support structure 46 . As such, the support structure 46 supports the remainder of the guard device 40 over the dog bowl 12 . This enables the guard device 40 to be used with a dog bowl 12 , even though the diameter of the dog bowl 12 is much larger than that of the bottom edge of the guard device 40 . \n [0026] It will be understood that the embodiments of the present invention device described and illustrated are merely exemplary and a person skilled in the art can make many variations to the shown embodiment. For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 3, it will be understood that the support structure 46 can be made as a structure that is part of the overall guard device, as shown, or it can be made as a separate detachable element. In all embodiments, the diameters, depth and slope of the expanding region of the guard device can be altered as desired. Lastly, the diameters and number of cylindrical sections 34 used in the embodiment of FIG. 2 can also be altered as desired. All such alternate embodiments and modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention as defined below in the claims.",
"response": "The present invention relates to a device and method for improving feeding bowl assemblies for pets. The device is a guard that attaches to the top of a pet feeding bowl and prevents food or water from being splashed out. The guard device has a larger diameter than the feeding bowl, catching any drippings from the pet's snout or jowls. The guard device can be suspended over the feeding bowl or attached directly to it. Various embodiments of the guard device are described, providing flexibility in design and compatibility with different feeding bowls."
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} | false | The response accurately summarizes the information provided in the context. It captures the essence of the invention, which is a guard device that attaches to a pet feeding bowl to prevent spillage and catch drippings from the pet's snout or jowls. The response also correctly states that the guard device can be either suspended over or attached directly to the feeding bowl, and that various embodiments are described to accommodate different bowl sizes and shapes. All of these points are directly supported by the detailed description in the provided context, making the response a valid inference. | 0 | {
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RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/161,251, filed Jul. 28, 2005, which in turn claims priority to Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/593,676, filed on Feb. 4, 2005, the complete disclosures of each of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] In the past few years bottled water has become common place. The public has shown that it is willing to purchase water for the convenience and purity of the bottled water. Bottled water is perceived to be relatively free of contaminants and can be placed in coolers, refrigerators, etc. and allow consumers to drink cold clean water almost everywhere without relying on the often dirty warm drinking fountains of the past. This seems to represent a shift in the public's attitude towards purchasing something that has traditionally been thought of as “free.”
[0003] Additionally, because of pollution, people living in big cities such as Tokyo and San Francisco, some people are breathing pure oxygen in “oxygen bars” where consumers typically inhale oxygen often mixed with a scent for a per minute fee. Users claim that they feel refreshed and invigorated after inhaling the oxygen. Because of the systems used to produce the oxygen can often produce contaminants and the addition of some scents can introduce dangerous bacterium into the lungs of a user, there have been some serious health concerns raised associated with the use of such oxygen bars. Also, in order to benefit from breathing the oxygen, the consumer must visit the bar. There is a need for safe, pure and convenient access to pure oxygen without the dangers or inconvenience associated with visiting an oxygen bar. Of course it is possible to obtain breathable oxygen with a doctor's prescription, this is both impractical for the majority of consumers who just want to benefit from conveniently being able to breath pure oxygen at their pleasure without the bulk of conventional breathable oxygen cylinders. Additionally, doctors will only give a prescription for oxygen to patients who need them for diseases such as emphysema, etc. This does not help those who want to breathe pure oxygen for personal reasons.
[0004] There is a need for a clean, inexpensive and safe way to dispense water and oxygen to the general public in order to meet a need for clean water and air.
[0005] Other features and advantages of the instant invention will become apparent from the following description of the invention which refers to the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0006] FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of the invention.
[0007] FIG. 2 shows a partial sectional view of an embodiment of the invention.
[0008] FIG. 3 shows a side view of another embodiment of the invention.
[0009] FIG. 4 is a perspective sectional view of an embodiment of the invention.
[0010] FIG. 5 is a perspective view depicting a feature of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0011] Referring to FIGS. 1, 2 and 5 , a bottle (shown generally as 100 ) is shown having a valve 102 and a mask 104 . The mask 104 has a cut out portion 112 that fits over a user's nose (not shown) when used to inhale oxygen. The bottle 100 consists of a water bottle 106 with an air bottle 110 partially disposed within water bottle 106 and contained within a sleeve 108 . Sleeve 108 may completely surround both water bottle 106 and air bottle 110 or may only partially surround the bottles. Sleeve 108 helps hold air bottle 110 in place and gives extra structural support to bottle 100 . Sleeve 108 is made of a suitable insulative material as is known in the art to provide insulative qualities to bottle 100 to help keep water cool. Mask 104 also functions as a protective cover for bottle 100 and conceals both water bottle cap 206 and oxygen nozzle 204 . Oxygen nozzle 204 has a valve assembly 202 that allows oxygen to flow when valve 102 is fitted into nozzle 204 and depressed. In use, mask 104 is removed form bottle 100 and valve 102 is placed against nozzle 204 . This places mask 104 in a generally horizontal orientation allowing a user to comfortably place mask 104 against face (not shown) and by pressing down on valve 102 oxygen is released allowing user to inhale oxygen. The oxygen stops flowing when valve 102 is released. Any appropriate valve structure will work as is know in the art. A biasing spring (not shown) may be used to provide a normally closed valve function. Mask 104 may be removed from nozzle 204 and used to cover bottle 100 for later use. Mask 104 may remain in place while a user removes water bottle cap 206 and drinks from the water bottle 106 or the user may temporarily remove mask 104 while drinking. Oxygen bottle 110 is ideally pressurized at a level that remains safe in the unlikely event of structural failure. Although many materials would be acceptable, PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) Plastics are generally best for this application because PET plastics are clear, tough and are a good barrier to gas and moisture. PET plastics also have very good heat characteristics. A typical PET bottle is designed to withstand pressure of up to 150 psi. The present invention uses oxygen at a pressure well below 150 psi providing a very reliable safety margin. A typical 2 liter carbonated soft drink is pressurized at approximately 35 psi at 45 degrees F.
[0012] FIG. 3 illustrates another embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment a bottle 300 also contains a water bottle 304 and an oxygen bottle 306 , however the inner bottles are linearly arranged in a vertical orientation. In this embodiment, oxygen breathing mask 314 forms a natural base for bottle 300 . An upper portion 350 of bottle 300 is a water bottle 302 which holds water 304 for drinking. Water 304 may be purified, spring, fortified with trace minerals, distilled, etc. as is common in the art. In other embodiments, other liquids such as soda, tea, milk or other liquid beverages may be contained by upper portion 350 . A lower portion 360 of bottle 300 contains an oxygen bottle 306 which contains pressurized oxygen 324 suitable for breathing. Water bottle 302 has a conventional cap 326 used to access water 304 . Again, PET plastic is used in this embodiment. A sleeve 320 extends below upper portion 350 of bottle 300 and forms a hollow space which holds oxygen bottle 306 . Mask portion 314 has a corresponding sleeve 318 that press fits into upper sleeve 320 to provide a friction fit while allowing movement between the two sleeves.
[0013] Like the previous embodiment, mask 314 has a nose cutout portion 316 that allows a user to comfortably press mask 314 against the face (not shown) and breath in oxygen. Mask 314 is connected to oxygen bottle 306 by a valve 310 . Valve 310 includes a central portion 322 that is connected to mask 314 . A spring 312 biases center portion to close against a seal 308 such as an O-ring or other sealing means as is known in the art. In use, a user ensures that cap 326 is secure and turns bottle 300 over and presses mask 314 gently allowing oxygen 324 to enter mask 314 . As the user stops pressing mask 314 against water bottle 302 , oxygen 324 stops flowing and the user is free to drink conventionally from bottle 300 .
[0014] In another embodiment, mask 314 includes a hinged sanitary cover (not shown) that covers a bottom section of mask 314 so that foreign matter will not contaminate mask 314 when bottle 300 is set down on an unclean surface. In use, a user would simply flip open the hinged cover (not shown) when breathing oxygen and then close it before setting it back down on a surface. Mask 314 may be made of any suitable material such as rubber or flexible plastic.
[0015] Referring now to FIG. 4 , a bottle 400 is shown having two oxygen spheres 412 centrally disposed within a water bottle 414 . Oxygen spheres 412 are made from any suitable material but again PET plastic is particularly well suited for this application. Although two spheres 412 are shown, other embodiments such as one, three spheres or even a radial arrangement of cylindrical oxygen cells (not shown) would be possible. Bottle 400 has a mask 402 for breathing oxygen. A user places mouth and nose against mask 402 and presses to start the flow of oxygen. The oxygen is controlled using a valve 422 that is biased with a spring 406 . A stepped plunger 408 is provided to control the oxygen flow as it enters mask 402 . Any suitable valve structure such as a needle valve or ball valve as is well known in the art could be used to control the flow of oxygen. Valve 422 is enclosed by a PET plastic cone 410 and includes threads 424 which fit into threaded cap 404 . Water bottle 414 includes a water outlet 420 secured with a threaded cap 418 .
[0016] Although the instant invention has been described in relation to particular embodiments thereof, many other variations and modifications and other uses will become apparent to those skilled in the art. | A bottle contains at least one oxygen chamber allowing a user to breathe pure oxygen by placing their mouth and nose in a facemask contoured to fit the users face. The bottle also holds water so the user can drink clean pure water as well. The oxygen is pressurized allowing more oxygen to be stored in the chambers and to aid the user in getting the oxygen into his or her lungs. The present invention allows a user to drink water and breathe pure oxygen in a safe and convenient manner. | This abstract describes the need for a clean, convenient, and safe way to dispense water and oxygen to the general public. The invention includes various embodiments of a bottle with a valve and a mask for inhaling oxygen. The bottles are made of PET plastic and may contain purified water or other beverages. The masks are designed to fit comfortably against the face and allow for the inhalation of oxygen. The invention addresses the health concerns associated with oxygen bars and provides a portable solution for accessing pure oxygen. Further variations and modifications of the invention are possible. | {
"name": "Irftc",
"display_name": "Faithfulness",
"data": {
"query": "Summarize the context",
"context": "RELATED APPLICATION \n [0001] This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/161,251, filed Jul. 28, 2005, which in turn claims priority to Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/593,676, filed on Feb. 4, 2005, the complete disclosures of each of which are hereby incorporated by reference. \n \n \n BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION \n [0002] In the past few years bottled water has become common place. The public has shown that it is willing to purchase water for the convenience and purity of the bottled water. Bottled water is perceived to be relatively free of contaminants and can be placed in coolers, refrigerators, etc. and allow consumers to drink cold clean water almost everywhere without relying on the often dirty warm drinking fountains of the past. This seems to represent a shift in the public's attitude towards purchasing something that has traditionally been thought of as “free.” \n [0003] Additionally, because of pollution, people living in big cities such as Tokyo and San Francisco, some people are breathing pure oxygen in “oxygen bars” where consumers typically inhale oxygen often mixed with a scent for a per minute fee. Users claim that they feel refreshed and invigorated after inhaling the oxygen. Because of the systems used to produce the oxygen can often produce contaminants and the addition of some scents can introduce dangerous bacterium into the lungs of a user, there have been some serious health concerns raised associated with the use of such oxygen bars. Also, in order to benefit from breathing the oxygen, the consumer must visit the bar. There is a need for safe, pure and convenient access to pure oxygen without the dangers or inconvenience associated with visiting an oxygen bar. Of course it is possible to obtain breathable oxygen with a doctor's prescription, this is both impractical for the majority of consumers who just want to benefit from conveniently being able to breath pure oxygen at their pleasure without the bulk of conventional breathable oxygen cylinders. Additionally, doctors will only give a prescription for oxygen to patients who need them for diseases such as emphysema, etc. This does not help those who want to breathe pure oxygen for personal reasons. \n [0004] There is a need for a clean, inexpensive and safe way to dispense water and oxygen to the general public in order to meet a need for clean water and air. \n [0005] Other features and advantages of the instant invention will become apparent from the following description of the invention which refers to the accompanying drawings. \n \n \n BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS \n [0006] FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of the invention. \n [0007] FIG. 2 shows a partial sectional view of an embodiment of the invention. \n [0008] FIG. 3 shows a side view of another embodiment of the invention. \n [0009] FIG. 4 is a perspective sectional view of an embodiment of the invention. \n [0010] FIG. 5 is a perspective view depicting a feature of the present invention. \n \n \n DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION \n [0011] Referring to FIGS. 1, 2 and 5 , a bottle (shown generally as 100 ) is shown having a valve 102 and a mask 104 . The mask 104 has a cut out portion 112 that fits over a user's nose (not shown) when used to inhale oxygen. The bottle 100 consists of a water bottle 106 with an air bottle 110 partially disposed within water bottle 106 and contained within a sleeve 108 . Sleeve 108 may completely surround both water bottle 106 and air bottle 110 or may only partially surround the bottles. Sleeve 108 helps hold air bottle 110 in place and gives extra structural support to bottle 100 . Sleeve 108 is made of a suitable insulative material as is known in the art to provide insulative qualities to bottle 100 to help keep water cool. Mask 104 also functions as a protective cover for bottle 100 and conceals both water bottle cap 206 and oxygen nozzle 204 . Oxygen nozzle 204 has a valve assembly 202 that allows oxygen to flow when valve 102 is fitted into nozzle 204 and depressed. In use, mask 104 is removed form bottle 100 and valve 102 is placed against nozzle 204 . This places mask 104 in a generally horizontal orientation allowing a user to comfortably place mask 104 against face (not shown) and by pressing down on valve 102 oxygen is released allowing user to inhale oxygen. The oxygen stops flowing when valve 102 is released. Any appropriate valve structure will work as is know in the art. A biasing spring (not shown) may be used to provide a normally closed valve function. Mask 104 may be removed from nozzle 204 and used to cover bottle 100 for later use. Mask 104 may remain in place while a user removes water bottle cap 206 and drinks from the water bottle 106 or the user may temporarily remove mask 104 while drinking. Oxygen bottle 110 is ideally pressurized at a level that remains safe in the unlikely event of structural failure. Although many materials would be acceptable, PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) Plastics are generally best for this application because PET plastics are clear, tough and are a good barrier to gas and moisture. PET plastics also have very good heat characteristics. A typical PET bottle is designed to withstand pressure of up to 150 psi. The present invention uses oxygen at a pressure well below 150 psi providing a very reliable safety margin. A typical 2 liter carbonated soft drink is pressurized at approximately 35 psi at 45 degrees F. \n [0012] FIG. 3 illustrates another embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment a bottle 300 also contains a water bottle 304 and an oxygen bottle 306 , however the inner bottles are linearly arranged in a vertical orientation. In this embodiment, oxygen breathing mask 314 forms a natural base for bottle 300 . An upper portion 350 of bottle 300 is a water bottle 302 which holds water 304 for drinking. Water 304 may be purified, spring, fortified with trace minerals, distilled, etc. as is common in the art. In other embodiments, other liquids such as soda, tea, milk or other liquid beverages may be contained by upper portion 350 . A lower portion 360 of bottle 300 contains an oxygen bottle 306 which contains pressurized oxygen 324 suitable for breathing. Water bottle 302 has a conventional cap 326 used to access water 304 . Again, PET plastic is used in this embodiment. A sleeve 320 extends below upper portion 350 of bottle 300 and forms a hollow space which holds oxygen bottle 306 . Mask portion 314 has a corresponding sleeve 318 that press fits into upper sleeve 320 to provide a friction fit while allowing movement between the two sleeves. \n [0013] Like the previous embodiment, mask 314 has a nose cutout portion 316 that allows a user to comfortably press mask 314 against the face (not shown) and breath in oxygen. Mask 314 is connected to oxygen bottle 306 by a valve 310 . Valve 310 includes a central portion 322 that is connected to mask 314 . A spring 312 biases center portion to close against a seal 308 such as an O-ring or other sealing means as is known in the art. In use, a user ensures that cap 326 is secure and turns bottle 300 over and presses mask 314 gently allowing oxygen 324 to enter mask 314 . As the user stops pressing mask 314 against water bottle 302 , oxygen 324 stops flowing and the user is free to drink conventionally from bottle 300 . \n [0014] In another embodiment, mask 314 includes a hinged sanitary cover (not shown) that covers a bottom section of mask 314 so that foreign matter will not contaminate mask 314 when bottle 300 is set down on an unclean surface. In use, a user would simply flip open the hinged cover (not shown) when breathing oxygen and then close it before setting it back down on a surface. Mask 314 may be made of any suitable material such as rubber or flexible plastic. \n [0015] Referring now to FIG. 4 , a bottle 400 is shown having two oxygen spheres 412 centrally disposed within a water bottle 414 . Oxygen spheres 412 are made from any suitable material but again PET plastic is particularly well suited for this application. Although two spheres 412 are shown, other embodiments such as one, three spheres or even a radial arrangement of cylindrical oxygen cells (not shown) would be possible. Bottle 400 has a mask 402 for breathing oxygen. A user places mouth and nose against mask 402 and presses to start the flow of oxygen. The oxygen is controlled using a valve 422 that is biased with a spring 406 . A stepped plunger 408 is provided to control the oxygen flow as it enters mask 402 . Any suitable valve structure such as a needle valve or ball valve as is well known in the art could be used to control the flow of oxygen. Valve 422 is enclosed by a PET plastic cone 410 and includes threads 424 which fit into threaded cap 404 . Water bottle 414 includes a water outlet 420 secured with a threaded cap 418 . \n [0016] Although the instant invention has been described in relation to particular embodiments thereof, many other variations and modifications and other uses will become apparent to those skilled in the art.",
"response": "This abstract describes the need for a clean, convenient, and safe way to dispense water and oxygen to the general public. The invention includes various embodiments of a bottle with a valve and a mask for inhaling oxygen. The bottles are made of PET plastic and may contain purified water or other beverages. The masks are designed to fit comfortably against the face and allow for the inhalation of oxygen. The invention addresses the health concerns associated with oxygen bars and provides a portable solution for accessing pure oxygen. Further variations and modifications of the invention are possible."
},
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"reason": "The response accurately summarizes the context provided, which describes a patent application for a bottle that allows for the dispensing of water and oxygen. The response captures the essence of the invention, mentioning the valve, mask, use of PET plastic, and the purpose of providing a portable solution for accessing pure oxygen. It also correctly states that the invention addresses health concerns associated with oxygen bars. All the details mentioned in the response are present in the context, and no additional information not contained in the context is inferred in the response.",
"runtime": 12313,
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"id": "failed",
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}
} | false | The response accurately summarizes the context provided, which describes a patent application for a bottle that allows for the dispensing of water and oxygen. The response captures the essence of the invention, mentioning the valve, mask, use of PET plastic, and the purpose of providing a portable solution for accessing pure oxygen. It also correctly states that the invention addresses health concerns associated with oxygen bars. All the details mentioned in the response are present in the context, and no additional information not contained in the context is inferred in the response. | 0 | {
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