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Pollution in eel: a cause of their decline? = Verontreiniging in paling: een oorzaak van zijn achteruitgang?
Belpaire, C. (2008). Pollution in eel: a cause of their decline? = Verontreiniging in paling: een oorzaak van zijn achteruitgang? Mededelingen van het Instituut voor Natuur- en Bosonderzoek, M.2008.2. PhD Thesis. Instituut voor Natuur- en Bosonderzoek: Groenendaal. ISBN 978-90-8649-184-1. 459, III annexes pp.
Deel van: Mededelingen van het Instituut voor Natuur- en Bosonderzoek. Instituut voor Natuur- en Bosonderzoek

Thesis info:

    Biological phenomena > Accumulation > Bioaccumulation
    Chemical compounds
    Chemical elements > Metals > Heavy metals
    Industrial effluents
    Population characteristics > Population number
    Stock depletion
    Taxa > Species > Amphihaline species > Catadromous species
    Water pollution effects
    Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) [WoRMS]; Anguilliformes [WoRMS]
    ANW, Sargasso Sea [Marine Regions]; België, Vlaanderen [Marine Regions]
    Brak water; Zoet water

Auteur  Top
  • Belpaire, C.

    The European eel Anguilla anguilla (L.) is a widespread, panmictic and catadromous fish, widely distributed over Europe, with an important economic value for fisheries. The population is waning, as shown through recruitment monitoring in European rivers. The state of the stock is now considered below safe biological limits and a recent European regulation urges for stock protection measures. Although many potential causes have been suggested, the reasons for this dramatic decline remain unknownAs the eel is a long-lived, carnivorous, benthic and lipid-rich species, it is particularly prone to the accumulation of noxious chemical compounds, especially lipophilic contaminants like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and brominated flame retardants (BFRs). At the Research Institute for Nature and Forest, we set up a monitoring network (Eel Pollution Monitoring Network, EPMN) and measured contaminants in the eel over Flanders during a 14-year research programme. Between 1994 and 2007 more than 3000 eels from 376 locations were analysed for PCBs, OCPs, heavy metals and some other compounds. We demonstrated that eels in their yellow stage are very suitable chemical bioindicators; contaminant profiles in those eels are fingerprints of the contamination pressure on the site where they grow up. Monitoring of contaminants in Flanders is based on measuring chemicals in water and sediments, but many analytical results of lipophilic compounds like PCBs and OCPs such as DDT, drins or hexachlorobenzene, fall under the detection limit, whereas in eel, those compounds are detectable in nearly all cases. We therefore strongly recommend a critical assessment of the monitoring strategy of chemical substances in our aquatic environment, both at a Flemish and an international scale, within the European Water Framework Directive. Our results generated a status report and distribution maps of eel pollution for some 30 substances. Most substances are present all over Flanders, but there is considerable variation between river basins, dependent on land use. Contaminant analysis in eel is able to pinpoint specific pollution sources, like some volatile organic compounds in very specific locations, very high BFR levels in eels from areas with intensive textile industry, or high lindane levels in some rivers under agricultural pressure. We could demonstrate that banned chemicals like DDT are still in use in some places. Within the study period, trend analysis indicated significant reductions in PCBs and many OCPs. Also for some heavy metals (lead, arsenic, nickel and chromium), concentrations decreased in the eel, but this was not the case for cadmium and mercury. Self-caught eels are much esteemed by fishermen, but considering the eel’s high contaminant body burden, consumption constitutes a potential risk for human health. After reporting our results, several measures were taken, such as a temporary catch and release obligation for eels caught between 2002 and 2006, and the legal enforcement of a maximum concentration for PCBs in fish and fisheries products. On ca 75 % of the sites, PCB levels in eel exceed however this legal upper limit. The intake of PCBs through consumption of eel by recreational fishermen was compared with the intake of a background population through a probabilistic approach. PCB intake seems to be at a level of high concern, and body burden in fishermen in Flanders might reach levels of toxicological relevance. Currently, human health protection is not assured, and we recommended more stringent measures from policy makers. We assessed potential impacts of contaminants on the eel population. Despite a very high internal load of endocrine disrupters, we did not find any effects on vitellogenin levels in immature yellow eel. However, a significant negative correlation between heavy metal pollution load and condition was observed, suggesting an impact of pollution on the health of sub-adult eels. In strongly polluted eels a reduced genetic variability was observed. We further demonstrated that fat stores and condition decreased significantly during the last 15 years in eels in Flanders and The Netherlands, jeopardizing a normal migration and successful reproduction of this long-distance migrator. We hypothesize that pollution is a major driver for this decrease in fat reserves. These findings are of utmost importance for eel management, and may represent a key element in the search for understanding the causes of the decline of the eel. It may well be that the Darwinian evolutionary theory on the survival of the fittest in eel-terms has to be interpreted as the survival of the fattest.


Sep 25, The success of the Mongol Empire was due not only because of a superior tactics and battle strategies, but also due to operational planning. The Mongols developed an operational strategy which I term as the tsunami strategy, due to its resemblance to a tsunami or tidal wave. 1 Candidate number The Shortcomings of the Mongol Art of War as seen in China, Korea and Eastern Europe This paper will briefly discuss the nature. The Mongol Art of War and the Tsunami Strategy. Timothy May. Loading Preview. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by.

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The Mongol Art Of War Pdf

The Mongol Art of War [Timothy May] on ruthenpress.info *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. The Mongol armies that established the largest land empire in. The Mongol Art of War: Chinggis Khan and the Mongol Military. System (review). Denis Sinor. The Journal of Military History, Volume 71, Number 4, October. Aug 8, Read The Mongol Art of War PDF - Chinggis Khan and the Mongol military system by Timothy May Westholme Publishing | An authoritative.

Recently there has been an increased interest in Mongols and Chinggis Khan in particular. The first chapter is a brief historical narrative on the rise, apogee and decline of the Mongol empire. These eighty years chronicle the times from Changgis Khan to Khubilai Khan and give readers some sense of the tribal alliances and Mongol customs and traditions. Rational of going to war is generally understood within a socio-economical framework, and the intent of this work is not to explore the rational, but to analyze the tactical aspects employed by the Mongol armies. Hence the patrilineal social structure, or the economic basis for the Mongol conquest, or the reasons why the Mongols razed the cities they conquered to the ground, or even why the Mongols embarked on long campaigns or waged war are peripherally addressed. Genghis was a great organizer. He took the best of steppe warfare methods and incorporated additional techniques from different cultures. He imposed strict discipline, tamed his warrior aristocrats and increased social mobility.

Pure territorial expansion was certainly not one of them. Occasionally, we know the reason that prompted a Mongol attack. Other campaigns were motivated by other factors, personal vengeance, booty or, as Amitai-Preiss once remarked, "to keep the Mongol tribesmen busy. The author likes to pepper his text with references to western military practices, from Byzantine to French under Henry IV, and there is even one to the military quality of a U.

Navy SEAL. For lack of relevant knowledge, I cannot judge all of May's remarks concerning the legacy of Mongol warfare to western military thinkers. Yet, contrary to his view, I think that the idea of the Blitzkrieg of World War II is basically different from the Mongol concept of warfare.

What characterized the long-range Mongol campaigns was slow advance that could take years preceding the final onslaught. The Mongols eventually crossed the Danube when it froze over during an extreme winter and after several unsuccessful attacks on Hungarian fortresses, they suddenly withdrew.

Thomas of Split records this as occurring at the end of March , with these forces joining the army of Batu which had already began its departure from Poland. He had witnessed the tactic of the feigned retreat before and it had been successful in claiming the lives of many of his countrymen who had left their hiding places believing the invaders had withdrawn during the years of their occupation.

Master Roger. Bak and Martyn Rady Budapest: CEU Press, , p. Mirjana Sokol and James Sweeney Budapest: CEU Press, , pp. A History of Medieval Hungary: Tauris, , As demonstrated, scholars have tended to consider the numerous arguments which exist but provide no significant conclusion. He bemoans the fact that scholars are eager to emphasize the decisive nature of the withdrawal but content to afford little attention to unpacking why it occurred.

The Mongol Art of War

It has been endorsed by Soviet historians such as V. Carpini speaks of a huge cemetery in Hungary which had been constructed after huge losses there whilst he also claims that the Mongol forces under Batu had been put to flight at Mohi. A Crusade was called in with the goal of liberating Hungary and some sources attest to a number of victories over the Mongols, but Jackson has dismissed these as either insignificant or wholly fabricated for propagandistic reasons.

Importantly for the topic of this paper, it reveals that, although the Mongol victories in Dawson, The Mongol Mission, pp. George A. Wilhelm Fink Verlag, , pp. Ibn al-Athir. Part 3: The Ayyubids after Saladin and the Mongol Menace, trans. Richards Aldershot: Ashgate, , p. The stubborn resistance of their opponents is noted on numerous occasions and the Yuanshi does not shirk away from describing the uncertainty of Batu, one of the most powerful and feared great men in the Empire at the time, in returning to face them after suffering heavy casualties.

Furthermore, the strength of European fortifications, as well as their sheer number, provided an insurmountable obstacle for the Mongols who, at this time, did not possess the manpower or necessary technology to subdue them. Firstly, as has been acknowledged, the Mongols established an artillery corps in when they realized that the subjugation of the Jin would require siege technology.

Furthermore, although it took a long time, the Mongols were successful in subduing the fortresses of both the Jin and Song Empires. Pow acknowledges this and insists that it was the sheer number of these fortresses and the nature of their defences which ultimately defeated the Mongols, neutralising their ability to simply bypass those which proved too troublesome.

Two particular factors undermined the Mongol offensive in Europe. Firstly, as demonstrated against the Jin and Song, Mongol success was dependent on the complicity of native populations who could provide the technology and labour force required for siege warfare. This was not the case in Europe.

The Mongol Art of War

Secondly, the arrival in the Far East of the counter weighted trebuchet dramatically changed the course of the war against the Song, demonstrated by the almost immediate surrender of Xiangyang which had been under siege for five years.

No such decisive technology was made available to the Mongols from elsewhere in their European incursion. Following the capture of Kiev in , Batu organised the employment of the nerge on a territory wide scale, securing the surrender of a number of settlements but bypassing Danilov and Kremenets after failing in their attacks. As the nerge continued its advance, it gave rise to the idea that the Mongol army constituted an almost endless force. Michael Howard and Peter Paret Princeton: Princeton University Press, , p.

These engagements clearly demonstrated how even large European forces containing the elite knights of the Teutonic Order and the Knights Templar could not match the Mongols in open battle.

It was not long before a wholly defensive policy was adopted by those remaining in Eastern Europe. A Mongol detachment under Baidar and Orda attempted to overrun Bohemia at the fortress of Klodzko but the topography favoured the defenders and the siege was lifted.

Yet the adoption of a defensive policy in itself did not save the Jin, the Song or the Khwarazmians. What hindered Mongol success in Eastern Europe was the nature of its fortifications and the skill of Matthew Paris. English History: From the Year to Giles London: Conqueror of the World London: Tauris Parke, , p.

Harold T. These castles were also equipped with large cisterns and platforms on their walls capable of bearing artillery. Western defensive capabilities were observed by numerous non- European contemporaries.

The Mongol dependency on native expertise and manpower for their own siege enterprises must also be acknowledged as undermining their invasion and exposing a shortcoming in their style of warfare. Whereas many Jin and Song defectors willingly made their skills available to the Mongols and even more were coerced into doing so, many Russian weapon artisans fled to fortified places in Eastern Europe in order to escape Mongol servitude.

Akad miai Kiad , , p. The inability to employ their preferred tactics, which centred on mounted horse archers, meant that the Mongols were forced to fight on foot in besieging cities. Rubruck describes how the lightly equipped Mongol warriors possessed almost no armour, besides their leather tunics, and states that any additional armour would have been that acquired from their enemies. Carpini corroborates this in observing how they preferred to avoid dismounted combat, resorting to this only in the case of finishing off enemies they had wounded with their missiles.

Wright has considered its historic Chinese use in repelling the Mongols of the steppe. At the same time, Frederick II ordered the assembly of as many crossbowmen as possible in Germany. Peter Jackson London: Hackett, , p.

Poland possessed almost no stone fortifications at the time of the Mongol invasion. The citizens of Krakow also fled, along with Duke Boleslaw, and its citadel made of wood was burned by the Mongols. This can be accounted for by the movement of German settlers into the region during the thirteenth century, with merchants, knights and artisans endowing these towns with fundamentally German characteristics. The defenders of these castles felt confident in their abilities to resist the Mongols, expressing greatest concern at the potential for Mongol ruses.

He besieged the well positioned fortress of Klis where its defenders were able to launch boulders down the steep surrounding slopes, sabotaging the Mongol assault and causing them to retreat.

No major sieges were initiated, probably due to the small size of his force and an inability to obtain a native force of labourers to conduct an assault. A Ibid.

University of Washington Press, , p. Random House, , p. Berichte von Augenzeugen und Zeitgenossen , trans. Sweeney Graz: Verlag Styria, , p. Having been captured by the retreating Mongols and thus accompanying them through Hungary, Master Roger mentions several castles which the population had fortified during the westward Mongol thrust. Sedlar has observed how the region was too impoverished to construct substantial fortifications and many towns did not even possess wooden walls or palisades.

Bela ordered the completion of sixty-six new castles, all made of stone and constructed on elevated sites. Penguin Books, , p. Difficulties in obtaining native siege expertise and labour, the adoption of an effective defensive policy by the Hungarian and Polish powers and the nature of Latin fortifications combined to undermine the Mongol war effort.

However, it should be recognised that these obstacles were not insurmountable and political considerations on the part of Batu and the distance of these territories from the steppe also played their part in guiding this decision.

Mongol military tactics and organization

Another factor in balancing the argument is to be found in the case of the Song Empire. The sheer persistence of the Mongols in overcoming the obstacles they encountered, this being a defining quality of Mongol warfare in the eyes of Smith, detracts from the absolute primacy of specific strategic considerations in themselves as grinding the Mongol offensive to a sudden halt.

The examination in this paper of the obstacles encountered by the Mongol armies has revealed several shortcomings in their art of war and detracted from traditional stereotypes. It is clear that the sedentary neighbours of the Mongols soon realized that the adoption of a defensive policy based on strategically placed and well-defended fortifications would hinder and possibly halt the Mongol advance.

Betrayed by many of their own men and condemned by their Song neighbours, the Jin could only download time in adopting an approach which included the large scale use of gunpowder against the Mongols.

The mountain fortresses of Korea and its island capital of Kanghwa, however, proved unassailable, the Koreans demonstrating their superiority in siege warfare and naval engagements.

In Song China, Sichuan was equally impregnable and forced the Mongols to completely re-think their strategy.

Mongol military tactics and organization - Wikipedia

Only the acquisition of the counter weighted trebuchet and the assistance of Korean and Song naval engineers enabled them to subdue the fortresses along the Yangtze.

Finally, in Europe, although the factors were more complex, the Mongols were unable to secure the native expertise and manpower necessary to conquer the castles of Eastern Europe and receive any sort of formal submission. However, an evaluation of the ways in which the Mongols were successfully resisted reveals that military shortcomings are to be found in the Mongol army and that these were revealed and exploited by their opponents in China, Korea and Eastern Europe.

He has criticized the viewing of events in one area of the Mongol realm as isolated and largely unaffected by developments in other parts of the Empire.

Secondly, he has cited a tendency to view matters exclusively from the viewpoint of the subject population, with a disregard for the effects of Mongol policies on their own motives and goals. The Secret History of the Mongols SH , written in the Uighur script, has been viewed with varied appreciation by scholars in its usefulness for the study of the Mongol Empire.

The Mamluk-Ilkhanid War, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, , though focusing exclusively on this conflict, can certainly not be regarded as ignorant of wider developments across Mongol Eurasia. Furthermore, Juzjani, writing his history in the safety of the Delhi Sultanate, had experienced the invasions of Chinggis Khan and his value lies in the fact he was not writing for a Mongol patron.

House of Stratus, , p. A History of Central Asia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press, p. The E. Gibb Memorial Trust, , p. In all these works, the influence of varying interpretations of Islamic teleology is clearly identifiable. The accounts of Latin envoys, such as John of Plano Carpini, and missionaries, such as William of Rubruck, are very different from Muslim sources in their accounts of the Mongols, not least because their lands were not conquered by them.

Whilst the distinction between missionary and envoy was a blurry one, it is important to note that the commissions of these two men were clearly distinct from one another. I am therefore limited to utilizing the English fragments made available in relevant secondary sources The Yuan-shih is valuable in recounting the Mongol conquest of the Song and the establishment of the Yuan dynasty, though the fact it was written by a succeeding dynasty must be acknowledged.

Supplementing these major pieces are a variety of letters and other diplomatic correspondence, such as those sent between the rulers of Europe during the Mongol invasions, revealing what they perceived to be the size, tactics and effectiveness of the Mongol armies. Annales seu cronicae incliti regni Poloniae, trans. Maurice Michael and Paul Smith Chichester: Wilhelm Fink Verlag, Ibn al-Athir. The History of the World Conqueror, trans. Hackett, The Secret History of the Mongols: Igor de Rachewiltz, 2 Volumes Leiden: Shaw London: Denise Aigle Leiden: University of Southern California Press, , pp.

Allsen, Thomas T. The Mongol Empire and its Legacy Leiden: Curzon, Boyle, John Andrew, ed. The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 5: The Seljuq and Mongol Periods Cambridge: Routledge, Bretschneider, E. As it is with most books on Mongol history, the author chose to end when the conquering empire became seperate khanates. I feel this is missed opportunity for by doing so the book fails to explain why the mongols lost their dominace in all regions they had conquered with exception of what is Mongolia today.

Other chapters go into detail on equipment, logistics, medicine, leadership, siegeworks, espionage, tactics and long term strategy but again limited to the imperial period. The three final chapters I liked best; detailed accounts of the wars they fought both from their point of view as that of their enemies and analysis of the tactics available and used by the enemies of the Mongols as well as their reaction of it.

The final Chapter is dedicated to the long term impact of mongol warfare on the societies they encountered, in particular Russia; again it would have been ideal to add the long term changes of the mongol art of war in stead of hints and little snap shots sprinkled in the chapters. It does cost May a star in my appreciation. One aspect I liked tremendously however is May's refusal to go all out great man history on this subject.

Yes Djenhis khan was pivotal but he was not a unique genius who did everything by himself, he was surrounded by several strong generals, companions and commanders several of whom had risen up from the lowest ranks of Mongol society Subotai as the example par excellence.

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US Met Coal Exporters Lean to Asia as EU Flags

November 8, 2019 - US coking coal exporters continue to lean more heavily toward Asian markets in an attempt to offset flagging European demand, while Turkey and Brazil also struggle to provide much uplift.

The latest data from the US Census Bureau show 26.6pc of September's coking coal exports heading to Asia, up from a 13.5pc share a year earlier. Japan and South Korea yielded the steepest growth rates over the period, with volumes to these markets rising by 179pc to 548,028t and by 194pc to 410,164t, respectively.

Exports to India rose more modestly in September, to 200,034t from 163,773t a year earlier.

In all, the US exported 1.16mn t of coking coal to Asia in September, down from 1.4mn t in the previous month but up from 500,095t in September 2018.

Some market participants have voiced concerns about whether US coking coal will still be able to price into Asian markets as prices have come down. US suppliers have often taken steps to increase their competitive edge in Asia, such as subsidising high freight costs, but these measures might become harder to absorb in the current global price environment as some US mining companies are being squeezed harder than their Australian competitors, whose operating costs are often lower.

Many US coking coal producers find it challenging to maintain healthy profit margins when fob Australia benchmarks drop below $150/t, whereas Australian producers can typically tolerate lower price levels without too much discomfort. The Argus daily fob Australia index for premium hard low-volatile coking coal is at $133.60/t, and has not been above $160/t fob Australia since 2 August.

The Argus daily fob Hampton Roads index for high-volatile type B coking coal is at roughly a two-year low of $126/t, while the high-volatile type A index is at $134/t fob Hampton Roads — its lowest level since September 2016.

Atlantic Markets Weigh on Volumes

Total US coking coal exports edged down month on month in September, to 4,348,828t from 4,555,769t in August, but were up significantly from 3,706,290t in September 2018.

That said, fourth-quarter exports will need to gather pace significantly if full-year volumes are to catch up with 2018. January-September exports totalled 38,533,940t, down by 8.3pc from 42,039,482t a year earlier, as challenging steel market conditions and reduced operating rates curbed raw materials consumption globally.

The European market remains a particular area of concern for US exporters, exacerbated by the recent wave of announcements from Germany's Salzgitter and Sweden's SSAB regarding the idling of blast furnaces, and ArcelorMittal's decision this week to pull out of its lease agreement for Italy's Ilva.

The US exported 15,935,543t of coking coal to Europe in January-September, including non-EU countries — down from 16,834,407t a year earlier.

Ukraine has played a significant role in bolstering regional imports more recently, with US suppliers able to boost market share after Russia introduced restrictions on its own exports to Ukraine in June.

The US exported 1,744,615t to Europe in September, of which Ukraine took the largest portion at 421,324t. This compares with 1,610,627t exported to Europe a year earlier.

Volumes to Turkey — which US market participants hoped would take off again after tariffs were lowered earlier this year — have struggled to generate major growth. US monthly exports to Turkey jumped sharply in May, but have since dropped as Turkish steelmakers come up against challenging market conditions, with just under 200,000t exported in September.

Some US market participants are currently looking to Brazil to generate some export growth in 2020, but outlooks for this market's coking coal consumption are mixed and the country's steelmakers are facing similar challenges to their counterparties in other regions. The US exported 491,957t to Brazil in September, roughly flat on August but down from 616,250t a year earlier.


A passive slab foundation is a raft that is fully insulated from contact with the ground below eliminating any thermal bridging. Insulation forms the shuttering for a concrete pour, and layering of the insulation allows a ring beam to be formed around the perimeter and thickening under load bearing internal walls. Reinforcing steel is added to the raft according to calculations from a structural engineer to ensure all loadings and ground conditions are accounted for. Due to the raft having a very large surface area compared to traditional strip foundations, the load at any given point under the house is much lower. The structural engineer needs to design the raft to suit ground conditions, which is why a full ground bearing test and soil analysis was undertaken at the start of the project.

Levelling the sand blinding

The stone sub base is laid and compacted to within a 20mm tolerance. A sand blinding layer is then laid and compacted to a 5mm tolerance as a base for the insulated slab.Laying drainage runs

Once the blinding is levelled and compacted the drainage runs and ducts for incoming services are dug and laid. All of the drainage runs are pressure tested by bunging the lower end of the pipe and filling with water, any leaks will show up with a drop in level. It is critical to plan in advance where all drains and ducts and services are going to run in the build as it is not possible to add them at a later date. It is far better to have services coming through the slab in a controlled manner than try and make holes through the walls at a later date as these are much harder to keep an air tight seal on. Drainage should not penetrate through external walls or roof for vented stacks as these will create a large thermal bridge, not only reducing efficiency, but increasing the chance of causing damp patches around the thermal bridge.

Perimeter insulation and drainage

Perimeter insulation set out

First layer of insulation down

Further insulation laid over damp proof membrane

Once the perimeter insulation was set out the remaining internal area was filled with a 100mm layer of insulation. A damp proof layer/Radon barrier was then laid over this and taped together to form a huge red paddling pool. A further 200mm of insulation was then laid on top of this, leaving a gap around the edge for the steel ring beam and also gaps where the structural internal walls would be located. This would allow a thickening in the concrete raft when it is finally poured.

Steel ring beam

Bottom layer of steel mesh over insulation

First layer of steel mesh laid over insulation

All had been going so well but a couple of ‘elastic tape measure’ moments by the ground workers had put a duct and soil stack in slightly the wrong place. Fortunately spotted before the concrete was poured and easily fixed, but a major disaster to have a duct coming up in the middle of the living room. A variation of the old measure twice cut once and just showed how important it is to check and re-check things that cannot be changed later.

Under floor heating pipes over bottom mesh

Laying the top mesh over the ufh pipes

I could have laid the under floor heating pipes myself as it is really not a tricky job, but decided as there was only one of me, and its a job made much easier by at least two I would leave it to the guys laying the slab. They made pretty short work of it and all eight runs were finished in half a day. I decided to relay the last couple of meters of all the pipes myself as they had not been aligned with the ports on the manifold very well. The connections to the manifold are really fussy about being square and straight, and the effort was worth it to enable neat connections. Whilst connecting the pipes to the manifold I managed to mislay an olive. After spending a morning visiting every plumbers merchant locally to find a replacement with no luck I decided to fabricate one so I could get the pressure test completed. It was a pretty straight forward job purging all the air out of the pipes, and then left the hose running to build up the pressure. I left the system at 4 bar for a few minutes with no loss of pressure, so all good. The system will be left at 2 bar during the concrete pour so any damage to the pipes can be  spotted straight away, although I think it is unlikely as the pipes are pretty tough.

Under floor heating manifoldPressure test

Slab ready for the concrete pour


Tag Archives: A R Rahman

2.0 Review

Don’t miss the post-credits scene like Marvel Style 🙂

Worth a Watch

Mersal Review

Mersal Review – Mersal is a Tamil action drama released in 2017. Maaran a doctor who charges just 5 rupees for treating patients is suspected to be on a spree to kill people in the medical profession.

I watched Mersal after much of the hype around it settled down. There has been a huge expectation on the movie after the success of Theri at the box office. Director Atlee has stuck to only commercial elements that work for any mass hero movies to create Mersal. Vijay has a triple role to play this time.  Evaluating this movie from a commercial mass masala film genre, it falls short of engaging throughout. The story is based on some superficial philosophy and wherever the screenplay drags Atlee has used the dialogues around the glorification of Tamil and Tamilan to appease the audience. However, this does not fit the tale. Too many characters with 3 heroines and 3 Vijay there is very less time on the screen to complete their introduction and get to the story. Although Vijay tells he needs 15 minutes of time to explain the flashback, it actually runs for 45+ minutes and slows down the movie even further. Using the same structure of a 3 act play for the flashback was a bad idea.  If this has been inspired by Aboorva Sagodharargal they could have taken a leaf out of the movie to keep the flashback short and quick.

Like I said before the screenplay is inspired by many mass commercial movies. Satyaraj himself says after hearing Vijay’s story that it feels like a Shankar film’s story. Throughout the movie, Satyaraj’s role is to listen to stories and flashback. They could have avoided this patchy non-linear screenplay altogether.  SJ Surya’s role as the villain is a treat to watch.

High Points: Vijay’s screen presence, AR Rahman’s background score, SJ Suryah’s role as villain

Low Points: Too many plot holes, Dragging screenplay, Cliched done and dusted scenes.

Overall Mersal is a mixture of Shankar, Murugadoss and Vijayakanth movies put together. If you are an ardent fan of Vijay then there are many fan moments to enjoy in the first half. However, when reviewed as a wholesome product it fails to cross the line.

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Achcham Yenbadhu Madamaiyada Review

Achcham Yenbadhu Madamaiyada Review – Achcham Yenbadhu Madamaiyada is a romantic thriller released in 2016. Leela goes on a road trip on a bike with her friend’s brother. What begins to be a feel good romantic journey turns ugly when they meet with an accident.

The movie starts with a statement that it has been inspired by the scene in The Godfather. This scene should be where injured Michael plots revenge against the corrupt policeman. If you are expecting a VTV kind of a movie you would be in for a surprise as it is not a romantic drama. Only the first half of the movie is dedicated to romance and you would see all the songs appear in the first half of the movie itself. Then the second half is the inspiration part.

This is GVM’s way of movie making and story telling. You may like this or hate it but beyond everything you see a genuine sincerity in making what he believes in. There is a very casual approach in the first half as the scenes and the dialogues flow like they have been taken using a candid camera. There is also an element of surprise about the name of the lead protagonist. This is kept under wraps till the final sequence in the movie. He is passionate about riding his bullet and the initial scenes and dialogues would connect well with the biker community. Manjima Mohan is an eye candy who follows the tradition of a GVM’s heroine.

The second half of the movie is gritty and keeps you at the edge of the seat. A genre that I believe that GVM excels in. He can create a gruesome villain out of anyone. Baba Sehgal in this case.  The placement and creation of Thalli Pogathey song are beautiful and would be one of the high points in the movie. This kind of reminded me of a different opening by Myskkin in Pisasu. The hospital scene, the chase, and episode at the doctor’s house are the most engaging part of the movie. What happens to be a breezy ride on the tracks becomes a roller coaster ride. However, the big minus for the movie is the climax. When the suspense is unveiling, the story of movies Gangs of Wasseypur or RGV’s political crime drama is narrated with new characters so all the suspense built so far becomes for nothing. The non-linear editing with flashes of scenes, in the beginning, is the only knot that ties this. Still, this is not very effective. I only wished there was a foreshadowing done a bit earlier.

High Points: Thalli Pogathey song, Cinematography of the travel and the fight sequences, the hospital and final chase sequences. Picturization of the songs.

Low Points: The climax is the low point in the movie as the audience were not prepared for it.

Overall AYM is a movie which offers you many things you might like than hate. If you are able to withstand the disappointment in the climax you would be able to appreciate all other good things it offers.

For the sincere attempt and for Thalli Pogathey this one is

Worth a Watch

PS: A note to GVM and other Tamil directors, when you portray IPS officers please don’t let them sport a beard. Understand, undercover cops are allowed to have a beard, but when they take up normal duty and wear the uniform they are not allowed to have a beard.

Pelé: Birth of a Legend Review

Pelé: Birth of a Legend Review – Pelé: Birth of a Legend is an American biopic released in 2016. The movie is based on the life of the legendary Brazilian footballer  Pelé. It deals with the time frame where he rose from an ordinary boy to a national treasure.

I was a bit skeptical before watching this movie due to the average reviews it has been receiving. But realized, I was wrong should never go with the critics. The movie is high on emotions and goosebumpy moments which keeps you engaged in the movie. The best part of the movie is that it doesn’t cover much of what the world knows about Pelé but goes into the part where you see an innocent boy, a janitor’s son go on a journey to become a legend.  In many scenes, they don’t show the goal but people’s expressions and emotions.

The emotions are not cloying ones but kept well placed in the script to lift up the human spirits. The movie focuses more on the conflict of Brazilian game style being forcefully removed and how Pelé struggles to get it back.

High Points: The sequence where the kids get the cloth ball rolling without a bounce, The same repeated when the entire team is demotivated where they take it to the light house. The background score of A R Rahman adds a special dimension to the whole film. There are lot more goosebumpy moments you would love. The history of Ginga.

Low Points: If you don’t like an emotional script then you might be disappointed with this, which might be the reason for the average reviews.

Overall Pelé: Birth of a Legend is a true tribute to the legend himself. A country that is obsessed with football as a religion, one man had believed in their core values to lift their spirits high and win for them. If you love football you should definitely watch this one, even if not there is plenty for you to cherish.

Must Watch

24 Review

24 Review – 24 is a Tamil science fiction thriller released in 2016. A scientist named Sethuraman invents a time travel watch.  His twin brother Athreya after the watch and kills him. But before he dies Sethuraman sends  his infant son and the watch in a train.  Was Athreya able to get his watch back? what happened to Sethuraman’s son?… is the rest of the story.

The plot had a very interesting premise that has not been handled in Tamil cinema so much. The biggest positive of the movie is the plot and the belief of the makers in making this into a full-length movie. The production quality is very good. The visuals and frame construction are well done. The character of Athreya has come out well and Suriya has done it well. There are brilliant moments in the movie. The initial chase sequence, the interval block and the sequence in which Mani (Sethuraman’s son) learns the capabilities of the watch.

The biggest weak point in the movie is the screenplay. It is a big let down. But for 45 minutes the movie seizes to be a Sci-Fi thriller and sets its course to become a romantic comedy movie. I felt I was watching a totally different movie. The entire angle of Samantha and her family seem to be force fitted into the screenplay to let the movie go forward. An ensemble of actors in Samantha’s family was largely underutilized including Girish Karnad. The second weak point is the dialogue. Seems like the makers were too carried away to make Athreya’s dialogues perfect that they did not have time to polish other’s dialogues. There are a lot of sequences where the same dialogue is repeated too often and causes displeasure. In particular, the romance portion between Samantha and Suriya the dialogues are way too off.

High Points: The plot involving time travel, Production quality, costumes and Art design. The initial chase sequence. Suriya’s performance. The sequence where Suriya learns about the capabilities of the watch. A R Rahman’s score makes it very pleasant.

Low Points: Screenplay is a big let down. Repeated dialogues make it uninteresting. Weak characterization as only time has been spent on building Athreya’s character. Overload of characters without much screentime. Very less time spent on Sci-Fi genre.

Overall 24 ends up to be a wanna be Sci-Fi thriller that only entices in parts. If I had the watch I would go back in time and not book the tickets for the movie rather wait for it to be screened on TV.

Wait for DVD/TV


Hi Flip, You're comments are interesting to read. Sadly I haven't listened all yet so I'll not say anything by now.

But I've seen that a lot of songs are rated at 4.x or even lower. Hey, the scale goes up to 10!!!! I don't think that there's anything bad enough to be rated less than 5 or 6... .


While many organizations migrate to the cloud as a way to more effectively allocate their IT budget and resources, the cost of a cloud migration can be hard to predict. In this post, I’ll offer cloud migration best practices and a solution to help keep these cloud costs under control.

How cloud migration helps control cloud costs

Best practices are, by definition, designed to help you avoid issues that can drive up costs. These cloud migration best practices are focused on the kinds of missteps I see most often in cloud migration projects.

1. Identify infrastructure issues early

My most memorable example of an infrastructure issue was with a customer in Europe that wanted to migrate workloads to our data center in New York. They had planned out exactly how they wanted to get it done and by when. Unfortunately, they hadn’t considered the lack of connectivity and the slow internet speeds in their geography. They would have been transmitting data for months (well past their target go-live date) had we not intervened to suggest a better way.

2. Assess your skill set honestly

Since migrating workloads to the cloud has become easier, many business leaders just assume their in-house staff can manage the project. Maybe they can, but if they’re new to a platform or don’t have the bandwidth, augmenting internal resources with external expertise saves everyone from a lot of headaches..

3. Look at applications realistically

Is your ERP system really ready for the cloud? Or does it need to be refactored or replaced to ensure data security and performance? Migrating a monolithic, data-intensive, and mission-critical application like ERP is challenging enough. The last thing you need is to decide mid-migration that the application will create more problems in the cloud than it’s worth.

4. Plan for the migration holistically

So, you’ve decided to leave your ERP application on-premises while you migrate more cloud-ready applications. Make sure you understand the interdependencies between applications, so you don’t break any essential connections during the move. When we work with migration customers, we use a special tool to assess interdependencies and then group the migration project into phases to ensure nothing gets broken in the process.

5. Factor in the human element

One of the costs that I see underestimated time and time again is the human cost. Generally speaking, planning for a migration is a big job that can last for months. Depending on the role they play, staff can find it challenging  to do their “day job” while also working on the migration project.  And, because the actual migration work is often done on nights and weekends, it may not be feasible for some to work the extra hours.

6. Create a cloud governance framework

Ignoring your cloud resources can create all kinds of headaches – cost, performance, security, compliance, unplanned downtime, etc. A cloud governance framework covers the policies and practices you will use to ensure your cloud continues to meet your objectives.

Also read: 6 Things to Expect When You Move to the Cloud

Cloud Readiness Assessments augment cloud migration best practices

A well-planned migration project can help you control migration costs, as well as ongoing monthly costs. A Cloud Readiness Assessment is the first step.

Get your cloud readiness assessment today.

The readiness assessment can help you control costs by in many ways. Here are just five:

Uncover unforeseen obstacles

Easily the most dangerous obstacles in any migration project are the ones you don’t see ahead of time, and therefore, can’t plan for. These obstacles often require you to backtrack the migration, redo work already completed, and sometimes even start from scratch. The Cloud Readiness Assessment looks at people, processes, and infrastructure to ensure that everything is in alignment.

Align IT to the business

What are your cloud migration objectives? When we ask this question of IT and business leadership, we often get very different responses. This can lead to poor decision making, not because those involved didn’t know what they were doing, but because they had different end goals in mind. Gaining alignment is a core goal of the Cloud Readiness Assessment.

Build a better business case

Our Cloud Readiness Assessments typically include a cost/benefit analysis to help you build the business case for your cloud strategy. A natural benefit of this analysis is an estimate of migration costs as well as monthly costs.

Identify cost savings opportunities

During the Cloud Readiness Assessment, we’ll work with you to validate your choice of cloud platforms. As part of the assessment, we’ll also help you identify specific cloud features, like Reserved Instances, that can help you save money.

Create visibility

Visibility isn’t a cost-savings benefit, but it can help you budget appropriately for each phase of the migration. Laying out the roadmap during the Cloud Readiness Assessment helps ensure everyone knows what to expect and when.

While it may seem unimaginable to execute a cloud migration without a readiness assessment, it happens. In fact, a Forrester Study from a couple of years ago found that only 68% of enterprise infrastructure decision makers believed that developing a comprehensive cloud strategy was a critical priority.

We can help you with your cloud migration

Even if you plan to handle every aspect of your migration project in-house, it helps to work with an outside provider, like TierPoint. Because we’ve managed hundreds of migration projects, chances are good we will spot pitfalls your internal team can’t see. If you’d like to learn more about our Cloud Migration services, visit us on the web or reach out to one of our Cloud Migration advisors.

Not ready for a cloud assessment? If you're looking for insight to help fine tune or validate your cloud strategy, consider a complimentary cloud workshop. Learn more here.

Pressure test your cloud strategy with a complimentary workshop. Learn more.


Project Description

The k6mult utility sets the CPU multiplier factor on AMD K6-III+ and K6-2+ processors featuring AMD PowerNow(tm). The CPU clock speed is determined by multiplying this factor by the Front Side Bus (FSB) speed. You should use the k6mult utility if you want to increase the multiplier factor after boot to overcome boot-time CPU speed limitations in some BIOSs that do not recognize the K6-III+, or to lower the CPU speed after boot to save power. k6mult comes with a command-line program of the same name to set the CPU multiplier factor immediately, and a boot-time service to set the parameter from a config file.

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OroCRM Forums

Covering OroCRM topics, including community updates and company announcements.

Forums Forums OroCRM Entity multiselect + create form type

This topic contains 0 replies, has 1 voice, and was last updated by  irina.k.melnikova 1 year, 9 months ago.

  • Creator
  • #37439

    I need to have a possibility of choosing several Contacts items and creating single Contact record at the same line.

    The considered options were to override OroEntitySelectOrCreateInlineType and MultipleEntityType, but I have not succeeded doing that.

    Could you please advise how can I achieve implementing a form type of inline Contacts (or Entity in general) selection with creation?

    Thank you in advance

Yes No


Sanders: I Spent My Whole Life Fighting Against Authoritarianism Like the Soviet Union

Presidential hopeful Sen. Bernie Sanders (I., Vt.) said on Sunday that he has spent his "whole life fighting for democracy" and "against authoritarianism," despite his long-known affinity to the Soviet Union and Nicaragua.

Sanders's comment came in response to a question from CNN's Dana Bash on State of the Union about whether or the country is "more ready for a democratic socialist president."

"I think the answer is yes," Sanders said. "I think it's important for the American people to understand what my definition is of Democratic Socialism. It's certainly not how Donald Trump defines it. I have spent my whole life fighting for democracy, fighting against authoritarianism, whether the Soviet Union, Venezuela or anyplace else."

Sanders then outlined his vision of what democratic socialism is.

"What I mean by democratic socialism is creating a government that works for everybody, not controlled either legislatively or politically by a handful of very wealthy people," he said. "That's number one. Number two, it means in America we have certain economic rights that are human rights, human rights. Health care to to my mind is not a privilege. It's a human right. That's what democratic socialism means to me."

Sanders concluded that democratic socialism "means a vibrant democracy and an economy that work for all, not just the people on top."

Sanders has come under fire in recent weeks for his past ties to repressive authoritarian regimes, specifically the Soviet Union and Nicaragua. Sanders visited the Soviet Union in 1988, as a part of the social exchange program. The senator lavished praise on the nation, participating in a number of cultural events.

Sanders also visited Nicaragua under Daniel Ortega’s dictatorship sating afterward, "I was impressed." At the time, he acknowledged "I will be attacked by every editorial writer for being a dumb dope" for saying so.

In a recent interview with the New York Times Sanders reiterated his opposition to the way the United States engaged in the Cold War.

"As a mayor, I did my best to stop American foreign policy, which for years was overthrowing governments in Latin America and installing puppet regimes," he said. "I did everything that I could as a mayor of a small city to stop the United States from getting involved in another war in Central America trying to overthrow a government."


Seeking Interior Design Advice? Look At This Article

Even if you are clueless about decorating you can learn if you want to. Does starting an interior design project make you nervous? Well, there is no more need to feel anxious. With the following tips, interior design will surely be easy.

Before you start designing your space, make a decision on what type of mood you want the room to have. The atmosphere of a room could be anything from invigorating and creative to subdued and traditional. Deciding on the mood of the space beforehand will have a big impact on the choices you make and will help to give the space a cohesive feel.

Paint is one thing that you don’t want to skimp on so make sure you get high quality paint. Cheaper paint will wear away over time. Cheaper paint can also have an adverse effect on your walls and create more cost later. So avoid this costly mistake and purchase a brand of paint that will last a long time.

Do not be scared to paint your room a outlandish color, you can always paint over it! There are a lot of tutorials out there to show you vibrant designs for using in an interior design project. Using creative methods to paint your walls can really make a difference.

Position a mirror opposite a window to make your room look brighter. If you put a mirror across from a window, it will reflect light and make your room look bigger. This will make the room more light and bright.

One trick that you can use if you are decorating a house that is not large is to include a lot of mirrors. Mirrors make rooms appear bigger than they really are, which improves their look. Purchase an artistic mirror in order to make your design work pop.

You can simply add an area rug and have a whole other look. But, if you are going to do this, you need to make sure that the size of the rug is carefully considered. Large rooms need large area rugs. Moreover, smaller rooms require small rugs since you want to avoid for the rug to overwhelm the room.

Hopefully, the article you just read has alleviated some of your interior design fears. Once you have the necessary knowledge, it’s easy to proceed. Just use the advice in the article above to make you home look more homey.


Registration for fall session coming soon • Thursdays • 7-9pm • September 17th through November 19th

What is Rooted?

Rooted is a 10-week journey for people in every life stage, wherever you are on your walk with Christ. This is a place where life change happens and discussion is held in a small group environment, creating a safe space for biblical exploration and practical learning experiences.

Watch these incredible stories of how Rooted has changed so many lives of people at Journey. Rooted is a catalyst for life change!

There is power in your story. We want to celebrate every story we receive, and we are always looking for opportunities to share what God is doing in the lives of people at Journey through events, social media, and online.


Magformers | Products | Maths KS1/KS2 Basic Pack Inc Storage
Educational Sets and accessories for classrooms and home schooling.

Maths KS1/KS2 Basic Pack Inc Storage

ID: 797007A
£349.00 £174.99

Our KS1/KS2 Maths Classroom Pack is a 172-piece full class set with a strong focus on maths, especially geometry.

Contains the main straight-edged and curved shapes required to successfully cover essential KS1 and KS2 topics.

The set is made up of 24 triangles, 32 squares, 12 hexagons, 12 pentagons, 12 isosceles triangles, 12 diamonds, 12 trapezoids, 12 rectangles, 12 right-angled triangles, 8 quadrants, 8 cylinders (arches), 8 cones, 8 spheres.

In its simplest form for Year One and Year Two maths development, children can identify and describe the different properties of the 13 different single shapes. But it is also designed to allow them to progress their learning and build common 2D nets and 3D solid structures ranging from pyramids and cubes, to spheres and clyliders and more complex Platonic Solids and Archimedean Solids.

Numerous National Curriculum topics can be taught quickly and simply with this set to identify acute and obtuse angles, identify right angles, lines of symmetry, make and measure perimeters of shapes, compare and classify shapes based on size.

In Years 4 and Year 5, classes can use the set to distinguish between regular and irregular polygons and as a visual aid when calculating the area of parallelograms and triangles or calculating, estimating and comparing volume of cubes and cuboids.

It comes with a storage container so pieces can be quickly and easily packed away at the end of a lesson.

Packaging shown for illustration purposes only. Final delivery may be packaged differently.


Orangutan trader Vast Haris Nugroho was sentenced to two years in prison and fined 10 million Indonesian rupia (IDR) , the equivalent of $750 USD, in Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia.

Nugroho was arrested on February 27, 2015, by the Forest Police Rapid Response Unit (SPORC) of the Indonesian Ministry of Forestry’s Conservation Agency in North Sumatra (BBKSDA North Sumatra). Technical support was provided by WCS’s Wildlife Crimes Unit. At the time of his arrest, Nugroho was attempting to sell a one-year old female orangutan that he was transporting in a knapsack.

Indonesian law forbids the killing, capture, trade or ownership of orangutans, a protected species in Indonesia.

John Kenedie, head of BBKSDA of North Sumatra said, “The sentence for the orangutan trader is an important step taken by the government in reducing the level of orangutan trade in Indonesia. We will act firmly on every form of wildlife crime to prevent such cases from recurring in the future.”

Nugroho admitted to illegally sourcing wildlife via a hunters’ network and through local dealers in Aceh and North Sumatra, and to having a trade network that extends as far as Java. An investigation revealed he traded numerous other live animals illegally, including other orangutans, golden cats, porcupines, slow loris, siamangs, gibbons, hornbills and baby crocodiles. Additionally, he illegally sold animal parts such as hornbill beaks and the skins, claws and canine teeth of Sumatran tigers.

Noviar Andayani, Country Director of WCS’s Indonesia Program said, “This case is evidence of the government’s increasing commitment to preserving Indonesia’s rich biodiversity, including its many protected wildlife species.  We hope that the very clear and firm decision from the judge will have a deterrent effect and send a clear message that wildlife crimes can and will be punished.”

The Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii) is a distinct species, different from its relative in Borneo (Pongo pygmaeus). Sumatran orangutans are listed by the World Conservation Union’s (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species as ‘Critically Endangered’ and are on the list of the World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates.

Both orangutan species are protected under Indonesian National Law. The main threats to their survival include the destruction and fragmentation of their tropical rainforest habitat (often for plantations and roads), conflict with humans in farms and plantations and the illegal black market trade in orangutan infants as pets, after their mothers have been killed.

Dr Ian Singleton, Director of the Sumatran Orangutan Conservation Programme (SOCP) added, “This is an excellent and extremely welcome result. Since the early 1970’s there have been over 3,000 confiscations of illegal pet orangutans in Sumatra and Borneo but only a handful of actual prosecutions, and only in the last few years. For far too long those involved in wildlife crime in Indonesia have known the chances of any serious legal consequences to their activities were essentially almost zero.”

According to WCS and BBKSDA North Sumatra, Vast Haris Nugroho has carried out numerous illegal wildlife transactions over the course of the last two years. This most recent arrest was the result of follow-up by BBKSDA/SPORC on a case dating back to April 2014. At that time, one of his staff, Dedek Setiawan, was arrested with 2 golden cats, a siamang and a gibbon in his possession. In addition, he was found to be selling wildlife illegally on the internet and sourcing many animals from Nugroho who had ready access to a large supply and variety of animal species. In August 2014, Setiawan was sentenced to 16 months in prison and fined 5 million IDR.

Dr Singleton concluded, “The sheer scale of wildlife crime and trafficking in Indonesia is indeed staggering. Effective law enforcement and the threat of serious consequences for those involved is an essential component of the conservation arsenal if there is to be any hope of preventing the extinction of orangutans, and many other heavily traded and persecuted species here.”

The orangutan confiscated from Nugroho in this case, now named “Cita Ria,” is currently being cared for at the SOCP’s orangutan quarantine center in Sumatra and will eventually be returned to the wild.

WCS’s Wildlife Crimes Unit is supported by the Liz Claiborne and Art Ortenberg Foundation, Fondation Segré, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service Multinational Species Conservation Funds, and the AZA Tiger Species Survival Plan’s Tiger Conservation Campaign.


Rise and Grab Glory

How you play today, from this moment on, is how you will be remembered. Take the opportunity to rise from the ashes and grab glory…

We Are Marshall, 2006

Hello, coffee lovers and avid readers! Welcome to Olive’s Tasty Quotas at Olive’s Café, where you get a taste of philosophy and messages from works of art.

My friend sent me a video of the scene from We Are Marshall (2006), and it was the scene where the new football coach, Jack Lengyel, is giving a speech in front of the memorial, where the names of the former team members and other victims in the plane accident were carved on the marble. Even though the team hasn’t had any luck with winning their games, it didn’t stop them from playing, and eventually win their game in the end. From the loss and the grief of the community, his speech inspired the team to take the opportunity to redeem themselves. The reason that she sent the video to me was because we were both going through a rough time in our lives, and the obstacles that we were facing were so overwhelming, I thought that they were too hot to overcome. What that scene did for me was show me how to redeem myself by getting up from my fall and rising to the light.

When I look at “glory” in this quote, I think about how we can win honorably when we achieve in anything we work hard in, even during the time of grief and loss. In the times of redemption, we reflect on where we fell from and why we need to get up and keep going. While we redeem ourselves, we see glory as our goal, our reward for coming out of the ashes after we get burned. As human beings, we work hard in achieving our goals, and even build ourselves up in the process. Through our hard work, we fall to the ground, sometimes with bumps and bruises, other times without a single scratch. No matter how many times we fall, we always get up to grab our glory, especially with our bumps and bruises.

Whether you’re in the military, education, medicine, law, business, or in the arts, everyone can grab glory. We see it a lot in sports, especially when an athlete is recovering from an injury, retirement, or scandal. What we can learn from these athletes is how they play their sports. They take a break from playing, reflect on their mistakes, or the mishaps that occur in their career, and they build themselves. Only they come back stronger than before. Besides athletics, people in other careers would have to go through something that takes a toll in their lives, whether it’s a loss of a family member, an operation gone wrong, losing a case, a deal that took the wrong turn, or an art piece that offended an audience. I would recommend anyone to watch the scene when they go through a big loss in their career, as it can ultimately affect their lives.

What glory looks like to me is of a bright light at the end of a dark tunnel. For me, falling is as easy as writing my name, for a long time, at least. When I fall, I give myself a hard time by punching myself internally over the mistakes that I’ve made. I do learn from them eventually, and that’s when I come back stronger. It takes time, as I work on myself by doing what I love most and even reading personal growth books to help. Out of the 28 years living in this lifetime, it took me almost 2 years to redeem myself after falling and cleaning up my wounds. It’s still a working progress for me personally, but the progress is well worth it. Glory, to me, is when I can take my life as an example, write it in my novels, and make people happy through my stories. When we redeem ourselves in time, we get closer to having glory ourselves.

One thing’s for sure, we can always take the opportunity to rise from the ashes, and grab glory. All we must do is get up from our fall and keep going.

Thank you for tuning in on Olive’s Tasty Quotas at Olive’s Café!

Enjoy your coffee artistically!


Ruisrock is one of the oldest and leading cultural events in Finland. Every year, it takes place in the beautiful national park of Ruissalo in Turku, Finland. Next festival will be celebrated on 9-11 July, 2021.

Ruisrock brings a total of 105,000 people to Ruissalo to enjoy music and culture, as well as the high-quality food and drink services. Ruisrock takes its visitors on a journey to another world full of joy, friendship, and freedom.

Ruisrock exists to make the world a happier and more joyful place.


16 Convenient locations

Let’s talk about your transmission.

Transmissions are heavy duty pieces of equipment that are designed to last a long time for most Lemon Grove drivers. But like any other machine, they’ll eventually wear out and need repair. So let’s focus on what you can do to push that day off as far as possible.

The first thing you can do is to make sure your Lemon Grove transmission always has enough fluid. Transmission fluid cools and lubricates the transmission. When there’s not enough fluid, the transmission will run hotter and wear out sooner.

The transmission fluid also provides the pressure needed to transfer power from the engine to the transmission. If your vehicle does not have enough fluid, your transmission won’t shift properly.

The next thing you can do to prolong the life of your Lemon Grove transmission is to replace your transmission fluid on schedule. As you can imagine, all those gears grinding on each other result in lots of little bits of metal in the fluid. The more there is, the faster the transmission parts will wear out.

Transmission fluid also contains detergents and other additives to protect your transmission. These additives are depleted over time, so old fluid doesn’t protect as well as new fluid. Your owner’s manual or Lemon Grove service advisor will have a recommendation for when you should have a transmission service.

If your transmission isn’t shifting as smoothly as it should, or if you suspect a transmission leak, let your San Diego, CA, service advisor take a look at it and ask if it’s time for a transmission service. Regular maintenance and taking care of small leaks right away will help your transmission last as long as possible.


When you're already digging deep into your (or your parents') pockets for wedding expenses, allotting room in your budget for gratuities on top of that can be hard to handle. And even though service charges may be spelled out in your contract, tipping—although not mandatory—is always appreciated for a job well done, not to mention a kind and thoughtful gesture. So don't forget to factor in tips when making your wedding budget.
Pare down your guest list with the "tiers of priority" trick. Place immediate family, the bridal party and best friends on top of the list; follow with aunts, uncles, cousins and close friends you can't imagine celebrating without. Under that, list your parents' friends, neighbors, coworkers and so on. If you need to make some cuts, start from the bottom until you reach your ideal number.
Choose a bouquet of flowers that last a lifetime. Artificial wedding bouquets are inexpensive, hassle-free, and the perfect base for flower arrangements. Keep your artificial wedding flowers forever, reuse them in your home decor, and forget about allergies. We handpick each flower bouquet and source only the highest quality silk flowers so you can stress less and go-faux.

Make sure guests know where they're going. As easy as online map programs are to use, sometimes the directions are wrong or there's a quicker, less traffic-prone route to take. Ask your ceremony and reception sites for printouts or digital copies of recommended driving directions and even test out the routes yourself. Then include the best directions on your wedding website or email them to your guests to print out if they'd like.
Since some vendors will expect a gratuity, and other gratuities will need to be considered on a case-by-case basis, you have a few things to consider. Traditionally, business owners of larger companies don't get tipped—just their employees—but you can and should tip an owner when the service exceeds expectations. Small business owners should never be overlooked either, since their businesses are often run by just one person.

"This event is an expression of yourselves, but it's not all you'll ever be. It's just the beginning! In fact, some of the best moments were ones we didn't plan for at all—like a fabulous photograph of my dress train all tangled up with leaves and dirt. Sure, it was messy and not what you're used to seeing in bridal magazines, but it was also honest and a truly joyful moment that could easily have gone south if we'd been uptight about things. Embrace the unexpected, and each others' opinions, and don't let an unattainable ideal sour the big picture: You're in this together, now and for the future." —Teresa and Ben


Global Chocolate Market size is projected to grow at a CAGR of 3.5% during 2019–2025

Dark Chocolate would account for the highest growth rate over the coming years in the Global chocolate market -6Wresearch

Global chocolate market witnessed exponential growth in the past few years due to shifting taste preferences of consumers from traditional sweets to confectionery products. However, the market is expected to witness steady growth over the coming years owing to change in lifestyle and increasing disposable income of the middle-class consumers.

According to 6Wresearch, Global Chocolate Market size is projected to grow at a CAGR of 3.5% during 2019–2025. Usage of chocolates in wide range of confectionary items and flavoured food items would further propel the global chocolate market. Additionally, due to rise in stress among the people, chocolate consumption is also rising as it is used as a functional food with stress relieving capabilities. However, spike in the prices of raw materials such as cocoa beans, butter, milk and sugar would turn out to be a hinderance in the chocolate market.

According to Akshay Thakur, Senior Research Analyst, 6Wresearch, “Based on chocolate types, Milk chocolate captured majority of the market revenue share in 2018. Additionally, milk chocolate is expected to be the largest revenue generator among all the types during the forecast period as well owing to easy availability of the product and growing consumer preference towards sweeter chocolates.”

“Dark chocolate is projected to witness substantial growth over the next few years due to growing awareness regarding health benefits of the product as dark chocolates are a powerful source of antioxidants and help in maintaining blood pressure as well”, Akshay further added.

According to Eshita Goel, Research Associate, 6Wresearch, “Europe dominates the global chocolate market as it has the highest per capita consumption and largest consumer base demanding chocolates as compared to other regions. Moreover, increasing consumer demand for dark chocolate in the region might lead to steady growth of chocolate market in Europe. However, in the Asia Pacific region, especially emerging economies such as India, China and Japan are projected to witness substantial revenue growth over the coming years due to growing young population in the region.”

Some of the major companies in global chocolate market include Mars, Mondelez International, Nestle, and Hershey.

Global Chocolate Market (2019-2025)" report provides an in-depth analysis with 73 figures with 48 tables, covered in 300 pages. The report estimates and forecast the overall global chocolate market by product type, by distribution channels, by chocolate type and by regions including North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East and Africa. The report provides an unbiased and detailed analysis of the on-going trends, opportunities/high growth areas and market drivers which would help the stakeholders to devise and align their market strategies according to the current and future market dynamics.

For detailed report description and purchase options please Click Here

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Researchers identify tactic Dengue virus uses to delay triggering immune response

April 18, 2017

For the human body to mount an immune response to a viral infection, host cells must identify the viral invader and trigger a signaling pathway. This signal then prompts the immune system to attack and subdue the pathogen. Using the dengue virus (DENV) as a model, researchers from the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai have identified the "viral sensor" that initiates an immune response and have also described how the virus counteracts this mechanism and evades immune detection. The paper describing these findings was published in the journal Nature Microbiology.

Along with aiding in the design of future vaccines, understanding how host cells signal the need for an immune response and the sophisticated mechanisms viruses use to avoid recognition can illuminate patient susceptibility to disease severity. It can also inform techniques to dampen unwanted pro-inflammatory responses associated with autoimmune diseases.

"Previous studies have shown that human viruses have acquired specific mechanisms to strategically avoid detection by the innate immune system. Active strategies are used by viruses to minimize the ability of cells to detect and respond to infection, allowing sufficient time for the production of viral progeny," said last author of the study Ana Fernandez-Sesma, PhD, Professor, Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. "Our study shows how dengue virus, which affects people around the globe, employs multiple techniques to avoid detection. We shed light on the mechanisms cells use to recognize the traces of viral infection within a cell and the methods viruses have acquired to obstruct them. It is this recognition that eventually leads to an immune response."

Researchers identified cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) as the protein responsible for initially detecting viral infection. cGAS, a cytosolic DNA sensor, recognizes DNA that has escaped the nucleus or mitochondria of a cell and entered the cytoplasm, an unusual occurrence. In the case of DENV infection, cGAS recognizes traces of mitochondrial DNA released into the cytoplasm as a consequence of the beginning stages of the infection; it does not recognize the viral particles themselves. Once cGAS binds to DNA, it activates a series of cascading chemical triggers known as the cGAS/cGAMP/STING sensing pathway, which induces type I interferon (IFN) signaling and begins the immune response. Although cGAS has been characterized as a DNA sensor, it has antiviral properties against different positive-strand RNA viruses, like DENV--a characteristic that has not yet been fully explored.

DENV in turn reduces the likelihood of triggering the cGAS/cGAMP/STING pathway by degrading cGAS and preventing it from binding with mitochondrial DNA in the cytoplasm of the cell. The DENV-encoded protease cofactor NS2B promotes cGAS degradation in an autophagy-lysosome-dependent mechanism. Previous research from this group has shown that DENV cleaves to STING, an endoplasmic reticulum resident host protein, to prevent type I IFN signaling. Uncovering the role DENV plays in degrading cGAS and stopping the preliminary step of the immune-signaling pathway confirms two separate but coordinated mechanisms the virus uses to thwart a host immune response.

The interplay between DENV and the mitochondria is a field of increasing interest, and by exploring that relationship this study describes a novel mechanism by which human cells can detect damage generated during the early stages of an infection. By releasing its genomic DNA inside the cell, the mitochondria initiate the cGAS/cGAMP/STING pathway, type I IFN signaling, and the immune response. However, DENV has learned to counteract this "maternal" protection mechanism by NS2B-induced degradation of cGAS.

"Mapping how cGAS recognizes DENV and the role mitochondrial DNA plays in creating an immune response is another novel insight of this study," Dr. Fernandez-Sesma said. "Until now, it has not been understood how cGAS can play such a critical role in identifying these RNA viruses. Our data strongly suggest that mitochondrial damage and the release of mitochondrial DNA are intrinsic collateral damage during DENV infection and prompt cGAS to activate the necessary immune signaling pathways."

DENV infects close to 400 million people every year, globally, and almost half of the world population lives in areas where the same mosquito species can transmit dangerous viruses like dengue, yellow fever and Zika, among others. Finding new ways to combat DENV and similar viruses can play a crucial role in lessening the enormous global health burden they represent. Further, charting the strategies viruses use to counteract the immune system can be used as a platform for the design of chemical compounds that can mimic this inhibitory effect and address the inflammatory process observed in many autoimmune diseases.
About the Mount Sinai Health System

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However, while granting Environmental Clearance (EC) to a power plant, water availability is ensured by the developer through concerned State/Central agencies responsible for water allocation from rivers/reservoirs. The thermal power plants are required to meet the water consumption norms prescribed by Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change (MoEF&CC).

The measures being taken by Government to reduce water consumption in Thermal Power Plants are:

  • Compliance of new water consumption norms published by MoEF&CC vide Notification dated 07.12.2015 regarding use of water in Thermal Power Plants.

  • The Tariff Policy, 2016 mandates use of treated sewage water from sewage treatment plants (STP) of Municipality / local bodies by the thermal power plants that are located with 50 km radius. All thermal power plants have been advised to use STP water for cooling purpose, wherever possible.

The following water conservation measures are also being taken by Thermal Power Plants:

  1. Ash water recirculation system: Water from ash pond is recovered and reused in the system.

  2. Dry fly ash handling system & High concentration slurry disposal system (HCSD): These ash handling techniques reduce the ash handling water requirement thereby reducing the water consumption.

  3. Zero water discharge system - Treating the total waste water produced in the plant and recycling back in to the consumptive water system reduces water consumption.

  4. Operating cooling towers at higher Cycle of Concentration (COC): This reduces the waste water generated by the plant. This waste water generated is used for low grade applications like ash handling, coal dust suppression and gardening etc.

  5. Air cooled condensers are recommended in thermal power plants for cooling purpose, in water scare region.


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Why? Why not?

Why not me? Why not now?

James Allen

Simple questions. Powerful answers. Don’t you think?

This is one of the technics that I use during the sessions. Applying simple questions usually allow our brain to look for simple, but powerful answers that discover us our way of thinking, our values, our vision of life.

This is the start point to work on a goal: something that you want to achieve, to change, to remove from your life, to get or you want to become true.

My role: supporting you during this process. As sport coaches do! Helping you in each step, ensuring that you are growing personally and/or professionally talking, crossing your own boundaries, overcoming obstacles, identifying your talents and using them to achieve your goal.

But, what kind of goals we are talking about?

There are many different types of goals:

  • Professional goals (i.e preparing job interviews, team leadership, managing conflicts, how to make effective presentations, Jobseeking 2.0 etc.)
  • Goals related to your personal life (i.e Couples, children care, habits, time management, stress management etc.)
  • Sport goals (i.e mental preparedness for high-performance, diets, managing frustration, managing win-lose balance etc.)
  • Goals related to artistic talent development and creative thinking to find innovative solutions

Methodologically speaking, I will provide you with different tools, exercises, dynamics and challenges depending on the type of session we are doing (presential or online), the goal that you are working on, the number of people involved in the process and the duration of the program.

Even if there are no previous tools for your goal, I will create and prepare everything you may need to work, train, test yourself and develop your area of interest.

In order to achieve any kind of goal, we need always to keep in mind the 3 main key aspects for an effective process:

Reflection         Action       Learning

Do you want to discover what you can do to start working on your goal and the most suitable methodology for you?

I strongly suggest you to complete the following test (aprox. 1-2 minutes):

Take the test now!


AUTHOR=Lucchetti Alessandro, Bargione Giada, Petetta Andrea, Vasapollo Claudio, Virgili Massimo TITLE=Reducing Sea Turtle Bycatch in the Mediterranean Mixed Demersal Fisheries JOURNAL=Frontiers in Marine Science VOLUME=6 YEAR=2019 PAGES=387 URL= DOI=10.3389/fmars.2019.00387 ISSN=2296-7745 ABSTRACT=The sea turtle (Caretta caretta) is the most common sea turtle in the Mediterranean, where incidental catches due to fishing activities are considered the main threat to its conservation. Over 50,000 capture events and likely over 10,000 deaths are estimated to occur in the Italian waters alone. However, current knowledge on the interaction of sea turtles with fishing gears and the implementation of mitigation measures are still poor to hinder the decline of turtle populations in the Mediterranean. In this basin, where fisheries are multispecies, multi-gears and multinational, making demersal fishing activities profitable while preserving sea turtles is a challenge. This study aimed to develop bycatch reducer devices (BRDs) and alternative fishing gears to mitigate the impact of demersal fishing gears on sea turtles: (a) hard and flexible turtle excluder devices (TEDs) were tested in bottom trawling to immediately exclude turtles from the net; (b) visual deterrents (ultraviolet LEDs) were used to illuminate set nets and to alter turtle visual cues, avoiding entanglement during depredation activity. The results showed the different devices did not affect the commercial catch, while bycatch reduction was instead evident. Thus, the study highlights that introducing mitigation measures to reduce sea turtle bycatch in the Mediterranean, where the bycatch of vulnerable species seems as a global issue, can be possible at least in certain areas and periods. Considering fishermen reticence to change the gear traditionally used, determining the optimal gear configuration to minimize commercial loss while reducing bycatch, is the main issue while introducing new technologies. Therefore, a global effort should be done to introduce BRDs in different areas and fisheries of the Mediterranean.


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Utah Divorce Laws - What You Need to Know!

Are you thinking about getting a divorce or in the middle of the proceedings right now? Are you considering marriage, and just doing your homework in advance so that you know what to do if a divorce becomes necessary? Either way, it is worth it to look into the laws and regulations in Utah. The overall process of filing for divorce works similarly everywhere, but the smallest details can make a big difference. Check out the information below, and consider seeking legal assistance if you have further questions.

Required Residency

You do not have to have lived in Utah for long to file for a divorce. The required residency period if just three months (90 days). It is important to note that only one spouse has to satisfy this requirement.

Grounds for Divorce: A Mixed State

Utah is said to be a mixed state when it comes to the reasons for filing for divorce. This means that you do not have to show fault if you do not want, instead using a no-fault divorce. If you want to use fault, this is always an option, however. For example, you may be seeking to leave your husband or wife because you do not think the home is safe for your children. If you also want to get custody of those children, using the spouse's actions as grounds, since they make the home unsafe, could be of assistance.

How Property Is Divided

In states with community property laws, the judge will typically seek an equal division of property, meaning that you get half and your spouse gets half. Utah is not one of those states, however, and is instead known as an equitable division state. While people often confuse equitable division and equal division, the reality is that they are quite different.

Rather than splitting things 50/50, the judge in your case will try to find a split that is thought to be fair to both parties. To do this, you are still given ownership of things that you bought personally, rather than as a couple, and to income that you made. This can be helpful if you made a lot more money than your spouse, for instance, as you may be entitled to this money while your spouse is just entitled to what he or she earned—and not what you earned.

Also, if there are things that you bought during the marriage, but that you bought yourself -— like real estate or cars, for instance -— you have a better chance of keeping them. However, this is all up to the judge, so you may not get everything that you desire. The judge seeks a fair split.

Child Custody and Child Support

Utah is similar to other states when looking at both child custody and child support. For custody proceedings, it is hoped that both parents will be involved, as this is better for the child. However, if one parent is deemed to be a danger to the child for any reason, the other parent may be given sole custody. This can be sole physical custody, sole legal custody, or both. Physical custody refers to the physical location in which the child lives, while legal custody refers to decision-making power held by a parent —- like the power to decide where the child can get care from a doctor or where he or she can go to school.

Child support is also aimed at the best interests of the child. Both parents do have to pay a portion of the support. Who actually has to write a check, though, usually is determined based on which spouse makes more money or has to invest more time in the child. However, neither spouse will be asked, in most situations, to cover the full expense without help from the other.

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Cheese is a solid or semi-solid food product prepared from the milk of cows, ewes, goats, or other mammals. Most cheeses today are made from cows’ milk and they are an essential item in the diet of most people because they contain vital nutrients such as calcium, fat, and protein. They also contain high amounts of vitamins A and B-12, along with zinc, phosphorus, and riboflavin.

As eye-catching as it may look, preparing cheese to your taste is seemingly easy, and it can be preserved for a long period of time for your enjoyment.
On cheese making, there are six crucial steps you must note. While the recipes for all cheeses vary, these steps outline the basic process of turning milk into cheese.

The first step to making cheese is acidification. During this stage, a starter culture is added to milk that will change lactose (milk sugar) into lactic acid. This changes the acidity level of the milk and begins the process of turning milk from a liquid into a solid.

Coagulation is the process of transforming the liquid into a semi-solid. When making cheese, an enzyme called rennet is added either as a liquid or paste to further encourage the milk to solidify.

Curds and Whey
As the milk solidifies, it forms curd and whey. The curds are the solid part and whey is the liquid. In this step, the curds are cut using a knife or a tool that resembles a rake.
Cutting the curds enable them to expel whey, making it more concentrated. Generally, the smaller the curds are cut, the harder the resulting cheese will be. The respective action of the enzymes, ferments, temperature and time define the cheese’s texture.
When this process is complete, the whey is drained away, leaving the curd alone to become cheese.

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Salting is an important stage in the production of cheese. Salt plays an important role in the development of micro-organisms. It perfects the draining and gives the cheese its texture. Salt can be added by powdering, rubbing or brining. Brining refers to the process by which cheese is immersed in brine (Salt-Saturated water), for a long or short period, depending on the size and composition.

In this stage, each type of cheese takes its familiar form as a solid block or wheel. The cheese is put into a basket or a mould to form it into a specific shape. At the same time, the cheese is also pressed with weights or a machine to expel any remaining liquid.

Ripening is the maturation period during which the original constituents of the milk are transformed (Protein, fats, lactose). Its flavour and aroma are a result of the actions of the different natural or added micro-organisms (bacteria, yeast, mould). Ripening could last from twelve days to many months.

Source: AgroNigeria


CHAPTER 3Islamic Finance Products Explained

Due to the prohibitions on interest, gambling, uncertainty and short selling, Islamic financial products are not the same as conventional financial products. Accumulation of wealth is encouraged, but not by making money with money. There always has to be an underlying asset or enterprise that requires financing. Generally it can be stated that Islamic finance is in many ways similar to merchant banking, is conservative and applies solid banking principles. There are a number of products in Islamic finance, and the main ones are explained in this chapter. Here the focus is solely on the technical framework in which these transaction types work. How they can be applied in practice is elaborated on in later chapters.

3.1 Definitions

The definitions in Table 3.1 are only associated with transaction types and parties to the transaction. A more comprehensive list is provided in the Glossary. These are by no means all the terms used in Islamic finance, and different words can be used to identify the same subject. In addition, due to the fact that Arabic is a phonetic language, the spelling of a word in Table 3.1 represents what the word sounds like, but different spellings may be used in different languages.

Table 3.1 Selected word list

Word Description
Hawala Transfer of money from one person to another. The recipient may charge an administration fee, which should not be proportionate to the sum of money.
Ijara Bilateral contract ...

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Physicist jobs in Santa Fe, NM

Physicist researches subjects such as mechanics, heat, light, sound, electricity, pneumatics, magnetism, and radiation. Develops laws and theories of physics for their application to specific industries and fields. Being a Physicist describes and illustrates observations and conclusions in mathematical terms. Devises procedures for physical testing of materials. Additionally, Physicist conducts instrumental analyses to determine physical properties of materials. Requires a bachelor's degree. Typically reports to a supervisor or manager. The Physicist works on projects/matters of limited complexity in a support role. Work is closely managed. To be a Physicist typically requires 0-2 years of related experience. (Copyright 2020

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Santa Fe (/ˌsæntəˈfeɪ/ or /ˈsæntəˌfeɪ/; Tewa: Oghá P'o'oge, Navajo: Yootó) is the capital of the U.S. state of New Mexico. It is the fourth-largest city in the state and the seat of Santa Fe County. This area was occupied for at least several thousand years by indigenous peoples who built villages several hundred years ago, on the current site of the city. It was known by the Tewa inhabitants as Ogha Po'oge ("White Shell Water Place"). The city of Santa Fe, founded by Spanish colonists in 1610, is the oldest state capital in the United States. Santa Fe (meaning "holy faith" in Spanish) had a p...
Income Estimation for Physicist jobs
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were up 2.5% from a year ago

Physicist in Aiken, SC
Develop solutions to complex technical problems in fields of expertise.
January 28, 2020
Provide open and timely feedback regarding meeting and delivering commitments.
February 08, 2020
Physicist in Albuquerque, NM
Develops and participates in integrated radiation therapy quality control programs.
October 18, 2019