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How do disciplinary boundaries exist within the scientific mosaic?

Nicholas Overgaard explains the topic

A community's mosaic consists of the set of all theories accepted and methods employed by that community at some particular time. How do disciplinary boundaries exist within the mosaic: are they expressible as theories and/or methods? Is the statement of disciplinary boundaries a mere definition of a discipline, a description of what a discipline has been doing, or a normative prescription of what a discipline ought to do. For example, when physicists say "Physics is the study of the nature and properties of matter and energy", it's not quite clear whether this is meant as a definition, description or prescription. It can have three different meanings:

  • definition: physics, by definition, is the study of the nature and properties of matter and energy;
  • description: physics has been studying the nature and properties of matter and energy;
  • prescription: physics ought to study the nature and properties of matter and energy.

Is it possible that actual disciplinary boundaries are some kind of a combination of the three? If that is so, then how are the definition of a discipline, its description and its prescription interrelated? The task is to clarify the exact nature of disciplinary boundaries.

In addition, how are topics of disciplines related to disciplinary boundaries? Different disciplines are interested in different topics and it seems likely that there is a substantial link between the topics covered by a discipline and the boundaries of the discipline. However, it is possible for different disciplines to study the same topic. For instance, behavioural economics can study behaviours in different settings which is also a topic studied by psychology. Thus, it seems likely that there is more to disciplinary boundaries and different topics.

In the scientonomic context, this question was first formulated by Hakob Barseghyan in 2016. The question is currently accepted as a legitimate topic for discussion by Scientonomy community. At the moment, the question has no accepted answer in Scientonomy.

Until very recently the question of the status of disciplinary boundaries was mostly ignored. Static methodologists showed very little interest in the subject although they did weigh in on the related question of the demarcation of scientific theories from pseudo-scientific ones. Philosophers of science like Karl Popper and Rudolf Carnap formulated criteria for distinguishing scientific disciplines like astronomy and physics from non-scientific topics like astrology and palm reading. Carnap's verificationism maintained that a theory is scientific only if it can be verified by observation. 1pp. 27 Popper, on the other hand, maintained that a theory is only scientific if it is vulnerable to falsification by conflicting observations. 1pp. 58

Later, dynamic methodologists like Imre Lakatos and Thomas Kuhn said more that was of relevance to the status of disciplinary boundaries, without explicitly broaching the subject. Lakatos saw the scientific endeavour as consisting of research programs.

A more interesting comparison to be drawn between history and the status of disciplinary boundaries lies in the opinion of dynamic methodologists such as that of Imre Lakatos and Thomas Kuhn. Lakatos, while never outright stating his opinion on disciplinary boundaries seems to have formed a strong implicit foundation for disciplinary boundaries. For Lakatos, periods of stability in science involve research programs. What is interesting is that one of the main criteria for a theory to become accepted into a research program is to be in unity with the rest of the program.2pp. 32-34 Herein it is evident, while there were no absolute criteria by which to determine disciplinary boundaries, Lakatos at least regarded them in some sort of simple terms in that they had to work with each other. In essence, for Lakatos disciplinary boundaries were still ambiguous but more defined than his static methodologist predecessors.

Kuhn, like Lakatos, never took an explicit stance on disciplinary boundaries. Kuhn had a very interesting system of five shared values which theories progress through. Ignoring his future contradictions and deconstructions of these values, one of the five values which shows his recognition of disciplinary boundaries is consistency. Consistency as a value entailed that a theory be internally consistent but also consistent with other theories of the paradigm. Like in the case for Lakatos, disciplinary boundaries are seen as ambiguous but at least recognized by Kuhn.3pp. 320-339

Some more recent authors (Becher, Bechtel, Hoskin, and Stichweh) have attempted to clarify the nature of academic disciplines. Tony Becher conducted a case study by interviewing experts from six apparently distinct disciplines, and used the data obtained to propose a number of different methodological ways to distinguish between disciplines. He contends that each discipline has its own qualities – not just epistemological, but cultural as well, and regards each of these in turn to contrast between disciplines.4p. 109 Becher identifies the way practitioners approach problems, the extent of the role of ideology, and characteristic modes of publication as distinguishing epistemological features between fields. As an example, he contends that historians and biologists are more open-ended in their problem solving (do not require an initial hypothesis), whereas physicists and sociologists prefer a more concrete starting point. He also contends that ideology plays a lesser role in the natural sciences than in fields like history and sociology, and cites examples of different modes of publication from discipline to discipline.4pp. 111-112 Becher’s main point then comes as he states that “characteristic beliefs, values and practices are, if anything, more noticeable than epistemological distinctions.”4p. 113 That is, we can examine the social structure of a discipline rather than what the field of study actually is to tell different disciplines apart – for example, historians prefer non-technical language and are largely amateur-driven, whereas physicists use highly technical language and “seem sharply conscious of a hierarchy of esteem attaching to particular specialisms within their discipline.”4p. 113 Becher’s paper is more of a prescription of methodology than one claiming to know how to tell disciplines apart – his approach involves interviewing faculty members and identifying the “main structural similarities and differences within and between the […] domains”.4p. 110

Acceptance Record

Here is the complete acceptance record of this question (it includes all the instances when the question was accepted as a legitimate topic for discussion by a community):
CommunityAccepted FromAcceptance IndicatorsStill AcceptedAccepted UntilRejection Indicators
Scientonomy1 April 2016It was acknowledged as an open question by the Scientonomy Seminar 2016.Yes

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Related Topics

This topic is a sub-topic of Epistemic Elements.

This topic is also related to the following topic(s):

  1. a b  Godfrey-Smith, Peter. (2003) Theory and Reality. University of Chicago Press.
  2. ^  Lakatos, Imre. (1970) Falsification and the Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes. In Lakatos (1978a), 8-93.
  3. ^  Kuhn, Thomas. (1973) Objectivity, Value Judgement, and Theory Choice. In Kuhn (1977a), 320-339.
  4. a b c d e  Becher, Tony. (1981) Towards a Definition of Disciplinary Cultures. Studies in Higher Education 6 (2), 109-122.


René Ballet

French journalist
Ballet in c. 2015

René Ballet (1928 – 2 January 2017) was a French journalist and author. He was a communist and a member of the French Communist Party. He started his career as a civil servant in Paris in 1961. He was first a civil servant in finance and later in national education. He was the writer of 14 novels and 35 essays. In 1978, he started working for the communist newspaper L'Humanité.

Ballet was born in Saint-Étienne. He grew up in Grenoble. He joined the French Resistance during World War II. He lived in Vanves.

Ballet died on 2 January 2017 at the age of 88.[1]

  1. "Vanves : citoyen d'honneur de la ville, le journaliste René Ballet est mort". Le Parisien (in French). 3 January 2017. Retrieved 4 January 2017.


Clearly Wednesdays

Wednesdays, 5:30-9:30pm, September through May
Prerequisite: Beginning Glassblowing
Members: $50

Sign up online here.

Participants must sign up for the class by noon on the Tuesday prior.

This is not a class. This is un-instructed, open studio time for students who can work independently. This is a monitored open studio time for students to practice and experiment in furnace glassblowing in a free form atmosphere.

Participants only work in clear. Why only clear? Because you can focus on form and build on the basics while keeping the cost of studio time down.


Tourist Places In Turkmenistan

Having an array of places of archaeological importance and remnants of the past, a traveller would get to see and learn a lot about the past and olden days which this city and its past has encountered over the years. The architecture in form of the structures and the mosques are also to behold in the region. Thus in case if you are planning to pay a visit to this lovely Central Asian country of Turkmenistan, there is a checklist which you should always keep handy so that you do not miss out on any of the must see tourist locales or places.

1. Dashoguz, Dasoguz Province

Located in the Northern part of Turkmenistan tucked in theDasoguz Province, Dashoguz came into the notice of the world when a 7 kilogram meteorite fell in here.

2. Konye Urgench, Kprezm Region

Located in the north eastern part of Turkmenistan, the KonyeUrgench is a municipal town in the region where the Urgench is the name of the ancient town which was the capital of Khwarezm. You can sree the SoltanTekes Mausoleum and the GutlukTemir Minaret which still stands tall irrespective of its bad past.

3. Nissan, Near Bagir Village

A very famous tourist destination site, Nissa is one of the most important cities of the Empire of the Parthians and was totally destroyed by an earthquake which shattered the place in the first decade BC. The remnants are now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

4. Sarakhs, Ahal Province

An oasis town located in the Ahal Province in Turkmenistan, Sarakhs is a place whwre the mausoleum of the Sufi AbulFaz o Serakhs Baba is located along with being the burial site of Sheikh ahmed Al Khady which is known all over by the name of Yarty Gumbez mausoleum.

5. Dekhistan

Situated nearby the Caspian Sea, Dekhistan is a western city in Turkmenistan and consists of the most unique of the terrains that the entire Central Asia can offer you! In case you visit this lovely city in Turkmenistan you cannot miss the beautiful towers of ancient establishments, the ancient mosque which dates back to the earliest of Islamic period and the 10th century and 12th century monuments that you have to admire and be in awe of.

6. Mary, Mary Province

The places to see here include the history museum which houses a grand collection of the national dresses, Turkmen rugs and artefacts’ from the past years.

7. Merv, Mary Province

Another famous oasis town of Turkmenistan is Merv which lies along the Silk Rod. This place is a rather significant one due to the fact that according to some of the claims, Merv is supposed to be the largest of cities in the world till around the 12th century. Along with this, it si believed that the religion of Hinduism started off from here from Mount Meru which according to the religion is also the centre of the world as well.

8. Annau Archaeology Site, Ahal Province

This is an archaeological site located in the Silk Road where the excavations started off only in the year 1904. Apart from the site, the other important thing to experience here is the SeyitJemaldin Mosque which is unique with blue tiles making it appear different than all the others.

9. Abiverd, Ahal Province

The Abiverd situated in the Ahal province is nothing but a medieval city in the southern part of Turkmenistan and is located very close to the Iranian border. The major attractions of this city include the likes of a mosque and ancient fortresses which are sure to enthral you.

10. Ashgabat City

Ashgabat City is the capital of Turkmenistan and is the largest city in the nation and is located strategically in between the Kopet Dag Mountain range and the Kara Kum desert. This city houses the famous Kipchak Mosque also known as the “TurkmenbashiRuhy Mosque” which is the largest in Central Asia.


Taking Our Security into our Hands: The Role of Vigilante Groups in the Fight against Boko Haram Terrorist Group in the Lake Chad Basin

The rise of Boko Haram in Nigeria and its spread to other parts of Lake Chad Basin has triggered the proliferation of several community defense forces, otherwise known as vigilante groups. This policy brief reveals that faced with Boko Haram attacks, the local population reinvented effective indigenous self-defense groups for their survival. The brief further states that though proven effective in the fight against Boko Haram, the quest by vigilante groups to provide security to their communities can become a source of insecurity if not properly handled. The author, therefore, recommends the need for Security Sector Reform within the Great Lakes region that will minimize the risks posed by these groups, optimizing their gains in fighting Boko Haram and addressing other security threats within the region. This policy brief interrogates the geostrategic situation of the Lake Chad Basin and explains why the area constitutes a fertile ground for Boko Haram activities. It also briefly highlights the origins of the vigilante group, their composition, age factors, eligibility criteria in joining these groups, their activities, and their relationship with the government, the traditional rulers, the population and other security sectors. It goes a bit further to examine the modus operandi of these groups and how their attempts and quest to provide security can be a source of insecurity. The policy brief ends providing policy options.


Thebes Gold

Loremaster Davrosto Everyone

I am astounded by the actions of my old friend Kobyashi. He has thrown back in our faces the kindness that the Thebes Barons showed in returning at least half of the stolen money (which had nothing what-so-ever to do with Thebes and her citizens). Not only that, but I personally have gone to great lengths to explain the situation, to get to the bottom of the facts, and to make sure that the Mycenaens had enough money to get by on. I take this action TOTALLY as a PERSONAL insult. I give this warning....... If the gold is not returned in full, the full wrath of the Theban barons will hold NO bounds and Mycenae will be returned to the state of bankcruptcy that is was before our kind donations pulled it back from the brink of extinction. Davros. /s


To Request Counseling Support or Life Balance Services Access Now

Do Worry…Then be Happy

Perspective can be a useful tool to help employees make bad moods more productive

Experts have linked positive mood and emotions to improved physical and emotional health for years. Now, new research indicates that negative moods may also be beneficial to our wellbeing, serving a specific function in employees’ lives by helping them to learn from experience and adapt their behavior.

A study at the University of New South Wales, Australia demonstrated that periods of low mood can increase attention, boost short-term memory and enhance communication skills. According to researcher, Dr. Joe Forgas, mild or temporary bad moods serve an important purpose by teaching us to cope and adapt resilience to challenging situations.

The idea that even negative moods serve a greater purpose is something of a new discovery. It runs counter to the popular “Don’t Worry, Be Happy” school of thought, suggesting that instead of immediately shaking off a bad mood, we may want to take time to learn what the mood is trying to tell us first.

Perspective can be a useful tool to help employees make bad moods more productive. Try suggesting the following tips to help them better understand where a mood originated, what they can learn from it, and how to apply those lessons constructively.

Step 1: Think back to when your mood began to identify the trigger.

Example Scenario 1: Unsolicited criticism about work performance triggered an irritated mood

Example Scenario 2: A reminder of a lost loved one triggered a sad mood

Step 2: Consider what the mood may be trying to tell you.

Example Scenario 1: Are you smarting because the criticism was justified and hit close to home, or because it was unfair or inappropriate?

Example Scenario 2: Did it bring up unresolved emotions? Have you taken time to mourn?

Step 3: Consider constructive actions.

Example Scenario 1: Change may be called for.

  • Criticism was unfair – Can you let your resentment go or speak with your criticizer about how and why their approach was inappropriate and hurtful?
  • Criticism was accurate – What can you do to work on the issue and turn performance around

Example Scenario 2: What can you do to process these memories in a healing way?

  • Recall memories of your lost loved one from a place of gratitude “I’m happy to have known them. I was lucky to share fun times with them.”
  • Put on a sad song and have a cathartic cry. Acknowledging loss and allowing related emotions can help to balance your mood and heal.
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Human Resources Today


Date Time
Mon 26th September 7.45pm

Dir: Jerry Rothwell, Reuben Atlas | UK | 2016 | 86 mins | Documentary

Rudy Kurniawan was a rumoured wine savant. Offering rare wines from his vast cellar, he made millions at auction and moved in elite oenophilic circles – before people started to smell a rat. Set during
the US finance boom and featuring wine commentators (including novelist Jay McInerney), producers, auctioneers and FBI sleuths, Sour Grapes offers a sensational, insightful ‘Emperor’s new clothes’ fable for the modern age.

All times listed are the programme start time unless otherwise stated. Films start approx 30 mins after the programme start time.


Astronomie - Stardust older than the Earth and sun found in Australian meteorite Granules, shed by dying stars over 5bn years ago, are oldest known solid material on Earth

Image released by Nasa shows an example of a nebula and, inset, the presolar grains that have been discovered. Photograph: Nasa/W Sparks/R Sahai/PA

Stardust that formed more than 5bn years ago, long before the birth of the Earth and the sun, has been discovered in a meteorite that crashed down in Australia, making it the oldest known solid material on the planet.

The tiny granules of stardust, shed by ancient stars as they expired, reveal clues about how stars formed in the Milky Way. The meteorite accumulated the stardust during the billions of years it spent soaring through space before it crashed down to Earth near the town of Murchison, Australia, in 1969.

“They’re solid samples of stars, real stardust,” said Philipp Heck, the lead author of a study on the particles and a curator at the Field Museum in Chicago, which acquired the largest pieces of the Murchison meteorite. “These are the oldest solid materials ever found, and they tell us about how stars formed in our galaxy.”

The meteorite was known to contain so-called presolar grains – minerals cast off by stars at the end of their lives – but it is only now that the age of the sample has been verified.

In order to date the stardust, fragments of meteorite were crushed down into a paste, which the scientists said had an unpleasant smell “like rotten peanut butter”. It was then dissolved with acid until only stardust grains remained.

The scientists analysed how cosmic ray exposure had altered the samples over time. Cosmic rays are high-energy particles that fly through space and, when they interact with solid matter, can split nuclei to form new elements. So the longer a sample is exposed, the more secondary elements are formed.

The oldest grains were dated to more than 5.5bn years ago, long before the sun formed 4.6bn years ago. The age range of the grains also intrigued the scientists: the majority were from 4.6bn to 4.9bn years ago, suggesting that a bumper crop of new stars formed in the Milky Way about 7bn years ago – the lifetime of a star typically being a few billion years.

“We have more young grains that we expected,” said Heck. “Our hypothesis is that the majority of those grains, which are 4.6bn to 4.9bn years old, formed in an episode of enhanced star formation when about 50% more stars than normal were forming.”

Helio Jaques Rocha-Pinto, an associate professor at the Valongo Observatory in Rio de Janeiro who was not involved in the latest work, described the finding as “very compelling”. Rocha-Pinto previously found evidence for a boom in star formation around the same time period, based on astronomical survey data.

“An amazing aspect of this finding is that it is based on direct measurement of decay products, while generally the evidence that you asked me about is based on indirect chronological methods, which are ultimately linked to a stellar model or statistical assumptions,” he said. “Yet, they are the main tools we have for dating stars since we cannot take them to the laboratory.”

Recent observations by the European Space Agency’s Gaia mission have revealed a possible trigger for the apparent boost in star formation. The mission uncovered evidence for a past merger between the Milky Way and an ancient dwarf galaxy called Gaia-Enceladus. The remains of the encounter, which can still be traced out in the Milky Way, are known as the Gaia sausage.

Quelle: The Guardian


Wishbone to the Rescue!

October 30, 2016

I love those moments when I'm randomly watching or doing something and am suddenly hit with an idea that then fits into my current situation. The random thing I was just doing? Watching Wishbone on YouTube (they have the complete series here!). I was watching the episode called "Bark That Bark," where David's uncle comes to town to perform some of his stories for a benefit fundraiser, and he and Wishbone take us through some traditional African Anansi stories. It's near the end of the episode that some of what David's uncle says during his performance really struck a chord with me. He says, "All stories start from inside you and move out to the world. If you want to tell a story, you don't need anything more than you already have. You imagine your body speaking and what happens is you imagine the truth."

This is why I love theatre. Theatre is all about telling stories with what you've already got.  It's about sharing experiences the characters on stage have with an audience who, when you think about it, are really just a bunch of other characters with their own stories. The actor's job within a play is to become a vessel for that particular story to live through, to foster connection between the characters on stage and the characters in the audience.

Throughout the preparation for my Citadel audition this week, I have really struggled with inner gremlins and finding the voice and character that I sense from the monologue I have chosen to perform. What I completely forgot until I watched the Wishbone episode is exactly what I've written above. I don't need to worry about being good enough or convincing enough or "in it" enough. All I need to do is allow myself to be the vessel for that character's experience to live through. I just have to tell her story with what I already possess, no gimmicks, nothing fancy, just me. And that's the truth.

Joyanne :D

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Journalists cautioned to report accurately on coronavirus

 By Elia Joseph Loful

The Chairperson of the Union of Journalists of South Sudan (UJOSS) Oliver Modi Philip urged journalists to report responsibly during the wake of coronavirus pandemic disease.

“My message to all journalists in the Republic of South Sudan, as we are faced with Coronavirus which is a deadly disease all over the world, what I want journalists to do is seek relevant sources of information about coronavirus.

He advised reporters not to pick information on social media saying such information lacks verification and could mislead the public.

“All journalists should find a way to make sure that they get true information from the Ministry of Health and World Health Organization, they can give correct information, because you cannot verify social media,”Modi cautioned.

As the world battles the pandemic disease, some countries in Africa have already confirmed the virus while in East Africa South Sudan and Burundi are still free from the disease though some cases have proved negative after laboratory test.

 “I appeal to all Media managers that to avail protection tools for the safety of journalists so that they move with them and get stories,” Modi appealed.

He said the media houses should ensure that there was no congestion of the staff to avoid the disease.

He said journalists should not be confined in one place urging editors to organize the journalists to work in shifts as a precautionary measure.

“I am seeing some journalists are making fun of coronavirus, they are taking it as something simple, the language they are presenting make people not think it is something dangerous,” he argued.

He warned people not to spread false information concerning the pandemic adding there was nothing for people to joke about it.

“As I said some people are taking coronavirus for fun, like those journalists talking behind microphone laughing on it and so on joking here and there. Tell the listener that coronavirus is real and they should take care,”Modi warned.

The Chairperson revealed that a journalist from Zimbabwe has already died of Coronavirus.

“Already in Zimbabwe we have lost one journalist and that guy is an African and he is dead,” he said.

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Floating Wetlands

Posted on May 29, 2014

Effluent Ponds are a necessary evil of Dairy Farming.
They are a source of pollution, smell and visible unattractiveness if not managed well.

Kauri Park Nurseries has developed a unique floating wetland system which can be used to remove pollutants from an effluent pond. The plants are planted on the floating wetland and send their roots into the water taking up nitrogen, phosphates and potassium.

Planting the perimeter and swales

It is desirable to plant wetland plants and Phormium species around the perimeter of the pond and larger shrub type natives on the bank edges.

Overflow swales should be fenced off and planted in Carex and Phormium species.

How Kauri Park’s floating
wetland system works

The floating wetland, which can be used in any water environment requiring treatment, provides a base for plants and vegetation to grow. As the roots spread down through the fibrous structure of the floating media, a vast activated surface area is created for microbes and bacteria to establish to take on their role of bio-remediation, that is, the use of micro-organisms to remove pollutants.

The microbes and bacteria, which do not swim, and are UV sensitive, adhere to the roots and microscopic root hairs of the plants, and within the fibrous structure of the floating media itself, secreting sticky extracellular proteins and forming biofilms. It is within these biofilms which microbes and bacteria trap and digest organic matter and nutrients in waste water, including total suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), nitrogen and phosphorus.

All of the plants are bedded into the floating media so there is no issue with plants clogging the effluent pond.

The floating wetland remains on the surface of the pond, visually hiding the pond while at the same time constantly removing pollutants and minimising odour.

Pollutant Removal Capacity

To give an idea of the potential pollutant removal capacity of a floating wetland treatment system, an area of 100m2 of floating media planted with wetland species, will remove approximately 73kg Nitrogen and 37kg Phosphorus per annum.

The floating wetlands work better at the later stages of water treatment before water is released into the waterway.

This pollutant removal capacity is likely to be lower than the incoming levels of pollutants, so for most systems the floating wetland will not be the only method of pollutant extraction.

The key advantages of a floating wetland system are aesthetic improvement of the effluent ponds, odour reduction and partial treatment of the water.


Software Resources

Jim Bashour

“Royalty Tracker has allowed for better organization and tracking of royalties for our large volume of titles and authors.  Statements are clear and accurate, which has resulted in an extremely positive response from our authors, agents, and licensors. The reports and tools have made closing and reconciling much easier and clear processes to handle each month.

“David, Khalid, and the entire MetaComet team have been extremely helpful in ensuring that our royalty process continues to run smoothly and helping to find solutions to any issues that may arise. MetaComet has also been very open to hearing ideas and features that further enable us to do more with the system, and continues to make improvements that have been greatly beneficial.”

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Search Our Therapies

HBOT and Alzheimers Disease

Research studies of brain trauma have found that inflammation can be further reduced and controlled by use of HBOT. The hyperbaric oxygen effect on inflammation could help reduce and reverse the damage seen in Alzheimer’s Disease.  Moreover, one of the causes of Alzheimer’s is increase in oxygen radicals. The increase in anti-oxidant enzyme activity by HBOT treatments could provide a third healing effect. The role of oxygen radicals in producing the damage in the brain may be countered by improving mitochondrial function. HBOT has shown the ability to return mitochondria to full function.

Case Study

Neuro – Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. Using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (aspirin, acetaminophen, ibuprofen) have been known to reduce the severity of Alzheimer’s disease. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy helps to reduce and reverse the damage seen in Alzheimer’s disease due to the role of HBOT in reducing inflammatory markers.

Since the early 1990s, the theory of brain hypoxia and diminished blood flow has been a major drive for developing therapies that could stimulate new blood vessel growth in the brain of Alzheimer’s disease sufferers. This theory is called angiogenesis. It is well proven that HBOT results in neo angiogenesis that is considered one of the explanations of the positive outcome of treating Alzheimer’s disease with HBOT.

The observation that HBOT can have a regenerative effect on the brain, restore blood supply, decrease inflammation, and increase anti-oxygen radical activity is a convincing rationale for using HBOT for Alzheimer’s disease patients.

A 63 year old female came to the Nardella clinic in Calgary because she had begun to notice periods of depression, confusion, inability to concentrate, and forgetfulness. She was agitated and had reached the point where she would forget the names of her relatives and street names and she would get lost easily. She also had sleep troubles. The condition started one year previous and kept deteriorating before she arrived at our clinic. She had a family history of Alzheimer’s.

Upon arrival, her blood pressure, heart rate, and blood glucose were normal. She received a total of 20 hyperbaric oxygen sessions (1 hour each). In addition, her estrogen metabolism profile levels and thyroid function were measured. The naturopathic testing showed imbalance between hormonal levels. Specific amino acids, herbs and vitamins were given to balance these hormones and improve concentration and focus.

After twenty (20) treatments, her energy and focus were improved and she was able to return to a normal lifestyle since she could now remember names, read, think more clearly, and communicate effectively with friends and relatives. She was able to drive her car without forgetting her directions and was finally able to get a good night’s rest.

(403) 282-4488


The Time Required for Search Engines to Process SEO Changes of a Website

7 May 2018

At the video conference for webmasters on March 9, 2018, John Mueller—the Google search optimization expert—gave a clear answer to the question that every SEO specialist hears from clients: “When will I see positive changes on my website after SEO changes?” During the conference, John explained how quickly Google reacts to new changes of the site, described factors that influence this process, and explained why it can take a long time.

To make his answer more comprehensive for people who don’t come across SEO every day, we explain below what he means by SEO changes.

Answer of the Google Expert

John Mueller is a senior webmaster trends analyst. He leads a team of webmasters, provides operational information support to industry professionals, and regularly sheds light on the principles of the Google search for publicity.

John explained that after performing improvements at the page level, a webmaster would see results immediately after the URL is re-crawled and indexed by Google. But, when it comes to the whole site, this process takes much more time—often six months, or even longer. If your site contains millions of pages, then it can drag on for a year or even more.

It happens because the Google algorithm needs time to reassess the site overall and a lot of low-quality pages that can play a role there, as well as a considerable number of other factors that can influence the search ranking.

John Mueller explained: “If you remove one part, you really have to think about what can I do across the whole website to make sure that it’s significantly better. Even if you make big changes to the design and functionality, or you add new features and things, I would definitely expect that to take multiple months, maybe half a year, maybe longer for that to be reflected in search because it’s something that really needs to be re-evaluated by the systems overall.”

One of the main reasons for such an extended period of reassessment is that Google scans low-quality pages much less frequently than others.

Also, Mueller recommends using the time of anticipating rising positions with benefits, and continue to improve your site.

Listen to his answer starting from the 10:52 mark in the video below:

In the process of optimization of the website, Google recommends improving low quality content instead of deleting it. This is because content evaluated as low quality can add some value, and its removal can cause falling positions, but not their growth. In no case does this mean that you should have low quality content on a website.


• Brian Milner

5 Tips for Becoming a Better Scrum Master

Recently I hosted a Facebook Live Q & A event and one question stood out to me that needed some additional follow up: Do you have any tips for being a better Scrum Master? This was such an honest question and I appreciated the retrospective nature of it. How else can we get better if we don’t take time to examine how things are going and try to make improvements? That is, after all, one of the core agile principles. I gave a few quick answers in the event but wanted to expand on it a bit here in hopes that it would help others. What follows then are my top 5 suggestions for ways to become an all-around better Scrum Master.

1. Take time to explore what being a better servant leader looks like to you.

I wanted to word this carefully because I didn’t want you to think that someone else could tell you exactly what it meant for you. I highly encourage that you read more on it in order to spark your own ideas but I also suggest you spend time thinking about it (or dare I say meditating?) on what it means for you. There are many great thought leaders out there on the topic, and not necessarily connected to Scrum or agile in any way. Greenleaf.org is a good place to start your journey as it is a focal point for the new wave of servant leadership discussions. They have a well-crafted blog section as well as a few scarce podcasts if you happen to learn better that way. The site also gets its name from Robert Greenleaf who wrote one of the most widely read books on the topic, Servant Leadership: A Journey into the Nature of Legitimate Power and Greatness.

If you are more interested in someone who addresses the topic from a Scrum or agile perspective, I would recommend Scrum Mastery: From Good To Great Servant-Leadership by Geoff Watts. While it is not specifically focused on servant leadership, it does address many of the principles and how they apply to help you become a better Scrum Master.

2. Investigate how to become a better facilitator for your teams.

Similar to the servant leader topic, facilitation is a topic that takes time to explore and whose virtues you will find extolled far beyond the agile world. If a Scrum Master doesn’t understand the difference between facilitating a meeting and leading it, there’s little hope that their teams will get the full benefits of the Scrum ceremonies. A Scrum Master is often depicted as a coach and in many senses, this is correct. The Scrum Master is outside the team. He or she doesn’t contribute to the potentially shippable product increment. They are there to serve their teams and facilitate their meetings to make the most productive use of their time.

If you are interested in exploring this topic further, I would recommend you explore the IAF (International Association of Facilitators) website. They offer numerous resources including training events and information. If you are looking for a good Scrum specific reference, I would recommend Lyssa Adkins Coaching Agile Teams. Lyssa is a leader in this space in the Scrum / agile community and has founded within the last few years the Agile Coaching Institute to offer training specific to agile facilitation. The Institute even has a class they offer that specifically focuses on facilitation in an agile context.

3. Practice giving away authority.

As Scrum Masters, many times organizations will look at us as managers or otherwise in some position of authority over the teams we work with. This is not actually the case. Scrum asks the team to make decisions and become self-organizing. This simply can’t happen if the Scrum Master is telling the team what to do all the time.

This is why I would suggest that a good Scrum Master practice giving away any authority that tends to accumulate with them. Don’t simply delegate as that implies that the power remains with you and only temporarily transfers to the team. Give the team the authority to make decisions on their own. If your team has been running two week sprints and have decided amongst themselves that they would like to try three week sprints, they should have to ask permission. Of course this is provided that the team is mature enough to understand why Scrum gives preference to the shorter sprint model. Given that, teams should have the authority to make those changes without seeking permission. If they don’t feel they have it, give it to them.

The best resource I can mention for this topic is a talk I heard at the San Diego Global Gathering in 2017 by Alistair Cockburn on Guest Leadership. There are no books on the topic (yet) but there is an excellent article he wrote on the topic here.

4. Talk Less

Seems simple enough but it’s very hard to do. This goes along with the facilitation topic but many find it extremely difficult to hold their tongue when they know they have the “correct” answer. A good Scrum Master will help the team find this answer on their own rather than telling them what is correct. Teams learn better this way and you will get the added benefit of boosting the cultural shift in your organization at the same time. If you are a Scrum Master that feels it’s always your job to tell everyone the right way to do things, you are probably not listening very well to your teams and you are preventing all the voices on your team from speaking up. In the Scrum ceremonies we are constantly asking our teams to fully participate. How can they do that when we are participating for them, in their place? Pay attention to how much you speak up in your Scrum ceremonies and begin to censor yourself and learn to ask leading questions so that your team can find their own path to the same conclusions. You’ll end up with a more engaged, more truly self-organized team at the end of the day.

5. Teach Scrum by living the Scrum Values each day

This might be the simplest and yet most important of the tips here. Courage, Commitment, Focus, Openness, Respect. People learn by example much more than they learn by your words. In Christian societies they have a phrase for this - practice what you preach. If you want your teams to be more open about the way in which they are working, demonstrate this by being even more transparent with them about your own work. Teach your team commitment by following through on all the things you commit to your team to take care of. Show them how to respect each other by showing respect for each team member, even those (perhaps especially those) that others find hard to respect. These values are not simple answers to questions such as what is 2 + 2. They are concepts that require demonstration to learn. Believe it or not, that’s your job! You are there to guide them to understanding what these look like lived out on a team on a daily basis. Seek out these teachable moments where you can transfer a practical example of how a team should work together to your teams.

At the end of the day, becoming a better Scrum Master not something you can check a box on and say you’ve completed it. Being a Scrum Master means that you are yourself on a journey of discovery and will find your own way to being more effective and a better leader. Along the path you will develop your own tricks to add to your repertoire that you will be able to reuse with different teams. Don’t do this in a vacuum though! Find your local meetup group or start your own for other Scrum Masters. You will learn and grow more rapidly if you live in a community of those on the same journey.

As always, please feel free to leave a comment or send me your questions at brian@scrum360.com.

#ScrumMaster #AgileLeadership #Scrum #Agile #AlistairCockburn #GuestLeadership #facilitation #servantleader

© 2019   |   Scrum 360   |   Dallas / Fort Worth Texas


Tool and Die Shops

Boost productivity and profits with E2 Manufacturing Software for tool and die job shops

Gain control of your shop using Shoptech’s Shop System software

Tool and die shops make dies, molds, machine tools, cutting tools (such as milling cutters and form tools), gauges, and other tools used in manufacturing processes. They come in all shape and sizes and have very unique needs. Most tool and die shops would also probably classify themselves as “job shops,”and as such have very different needs than a production shop or repetitive manufacture.

For tool and die job shops large and small, E2 software delivers results

Tool and die shop typeTool and die shops are in a class by themselves. They work in an environment with flexible, semipermeable boundaries from production work. They are skilled craftsmen who typically learn their trade through a combination of academic coursework and hands-on instruction, with a substantial period of on-the-job training. Art and science (specifically, applied science) are thoroughly intermixed in their work, as they also are in engineering. Mechanical engineers and tool and die makers often work in close consultation.

Tool and Die shops flourish with the flexibility of E2 job shop software and how it adapts to their specific needs. Tool and Die shops need flexible quoting, accurate job costing and efficient material management. E2 delivers on all fronts.

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Peppermint Organic Essential Oil

$8.99 CAD

Active Ingredient:  l-menthol: 72.3%

Botanical Name: Mentha arvensis

Plant Part: Herb

Extraction Method: Steam Distilled

Origin: India

Description: There are several species of the mentha arvensis perennial herb that can grow to 3 feet in height, spreading due to their underground 'runners'. Peppermint plant has hairy leaves with serrated edges and purple spiked flowers. Peppermint Japanese is known for its high menthol content. It is so high in fact that menthol crystals sometimes form right on the leaves.
It should also be noted that the active ingredient Menthol may crystallize in temperatures below 20 degree Celsius. The more menthol present, the greater it’s propensity for altering states. We would recommend placing the bottle in a very hot water bath, changing the water frequently and once it is back to the liquid state be sure to shake before use.

Color: Colorless to pale yellow liquid.

Common Uses: Organic Peppermint Essential Oil has long been credited as being useful in combating stomach ailments. It is also viewed as an antispasmodic and antimicrobial agent. Of course, most people will associate it with being a flavoring or scenting agent in foods, beverages, skin and hair care products (where it has a cooling effect by constricting capillaries and helping with bruises and sore joints), as well as soaps and candles. This is largely due to its menthol content – typically 85%.

Consistency: Thin

Note: Top

Strength of Aroma: Strong

Blends well with: Basil, Bergamot, Cajeput, Cedarwood, Eucalyptus, Lemon, Lime, Mandarin, Marjoram, Niaouli, Pine, Rosemary, Spearmint and Thyme.

Aromatic Scent: Organic Peppermint Essential Oil has a sharp, penetrating mint scent based on its high menthol content. The sweetness of the vapor makes it easy to see why it is such a common flavoring and scenting agent.

History: Peppermint and its name has its roots in Greek mythology. Pluto - god of the dead - fell in love with Minthe, a beautiful nymph. Pluto's goddess wife Persephone became jealous and turned Minthe into a plant. Pluto could not bring her back to life but ensured that she would have a wonderful and fragrant aroma.

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Art’s Impact on Politics and Society

Ai Weiwei, Law of the Journey

When was the last time a piece of art moved you? Was it a film, a painting or a street performer? Art in many ways can enrich the human experience and initiate change in society. These types of changes can be used to better society by not answering questions, but by asking questions.

How can art be used for a political purpose? Well, it can be used to raise awareness and shift perspective. For example,  Beirut based artist, Lawrence Abu Hamdan asked 2 sheikhs in Cairo to deliver city wide speeches about the danger of noise pollution as a public health issue instead of their usual weekly Friday sermons. Cairo is the 3rd worst city for noise pollution, according to Worldwide Hearing Index. Another example is Definition, by Czech artist, Ivan Kafka, who placed 1,000 wooden sticks to block people from going to work. In order to understand this work of art, one has to understand that Prague at the time was under control of a communist government. Thus, Kafka created a critical dialogue that asked the local population to take a stand, one way or the other, to define their existence.

How can art impact society? By translating experience across space and time. Chinese artist, Ai Weiwei, does exactly this in his art piece titled, Law of the Journey. Which was to confront and question the west’s complicity in the refugee crisis in 2015. This piece is a oversized life raft (60 feet long) composed of faceless figures and is made from rubber that the manufactures use in the boats most often used by the refugees.

As you can see, art can be used to transform an experience through art. Finally, in the words of Eli Broad (entrepreneur and philanthropist), “Civilizations aren’t remembered by their business people, bankers, or lawyers. They’re remembered by their arts.”

Works Cited:

Blanc, Nathalie and Barbara L. Benish. Form, Art and the Environment: Engaging in Sustainability. 2016.

Larmon, Annie Godfrey.(2018, May 21). Can Art Change the World?

Eastham, Ben. (2015, September 22). Lawrence Abu Hamdan’s “The All Hearing”.

Gray, Alex.(2017, March 27). These are the cities with the worst noise pollution.


Davyd Winter-Bates is the bassist of the British metalcore band Bury Tomorrow. The band was formed in 2006 in Southampton. The band is composed of five members; lead vocalist Daniel Winter-Bates, rhythm guitarist and singer Jason Cameron, bassist Davyd Winter-Bates, drummer Adam Jackson and lead guitarist Kristan Dawson. Bury Tomorrow have released four studio albums, their most recent being Earthbound, released on 29 January 2016.

Bury Tomorrow have supported Asking Alexandria, Of Mice and Men, Sleeping With Sirens, and Pierce the Veil.  They were nominated for the ‘Best British Newcomer’ award at the 2014 Kerrang! Awards.


Discord Pivots to Chat, Downplays Gaming

Discord Pivots to Chat, Downplays Gaming

Discord is working on repositioning itself as a chat platform,
rather than a gaming messaging platform.

As millions of people have been sheltering in place, working
from home and relying on communication tools to keep in touch, chat
and video conferencing apps have become all the rage. While Discord
started out as a messaging platform for gamers, it would appear it
is growing far beyond that and moving into the general
communication space.

In a blog post, CEO Jason Citron said the company has spent the
last year finding out what mattered most to its users. Based on
that information, it quickly became apparent that many individuals
were using Discord to be part of an online community, engage in
meaningful conversation and have a place to belong.

“You came to us and said Discord was this place. And for
millions of you, it already felt like a home,” writes

“Today, many of you use Discord for day-to-day communication.
You’re sharing thoughts about books, music, and art, creating
servers to just be yourself and share moments with friends. Since
we launched in 2015, Discord has grown to more than 100 million
monthly active users. You spend 4 billion minutes in conversation
daily across 6.7 million active servers. On a weekly basis,
that’s 26 billion server conversation minutes across 13.5 million
active servers.”

Citron then goes on to highlight the changes Discord is making
to keep up with the way people are using it. These changes include
improving the branding to focus on chat, making Discord “hostile
to hate” and improving the onboarding experience.

It’s a safe bet that Discord will probably continue to grow
and benefit from this move, especially as digital communication is
more important than ever.

Discord Pivots to Chat, Downplays Gaming

Source: FS – _Marketing
Discord Pivots to Chat, Downplays Gaming


Home Social Media Marketing Influencer Marketing – Agency Services
Influencer Marketing - Agency Services

Social Media Influencers are having an increasingly bigger impact on the success of a company’s social media activities – and with great reason too.  Influencers are today, in many cases, the modern day celebrity with a loyal following of fans interested in their stories, opinions and day to day activities.  In fact, many influencers have a higher following on the mainstream social media platforms than some of the most famous celebrities in the world.

Social Media Influencers generally have a core social media platform of choice, which is often YouTube, Instagram, Snapchat or Twitter.  In addition to this, it’s not uncommon for influencers to cross-market their personal brand to other platforms and by doing so can often have a slightly different follower base because of this.

Unlike celebrity endorsements, which tend to be reserved for large brands, social media influencer marketing can work for literally any type or size of business.  What matters is that your brand has a story to be told and a target audience base that can be reached.  If you have these ingredients in place, a social media agency with a network of influencers can easily target the right type of personality to help you prmote your brand and brand stories.

Influencer Marketing Service Overview
  • Social Media Influencer Targeting and Outreach: Identifying the right type of influencers to promote your brand, product or services can be a difficult task and goes beyond simply understanding the type and quality of content that needs to be created and shared.  At Nexa, we not only identify social media influencers, but we also check their backgrounds, profiles, quality of previous work and content and the types of brands that they have engaged with previously.  We also have a deep understanding of what it takes to engage them commercially and manage the entire process from targeting, outreach, contract creation and payments (if required).
  • Key Performance Indicator Setting and Monitoring: We often hear stories about how social media influencers have engaged with brands, but not produced the type, quality and volume of work expected.  Our extensive experience in managing social media influencers means that we work hard with the brands we represent to identify and agree on the specific deliverables expected of an influencer.  We then ensure that this is communicated and contracted to remove any future ambiguities and then vet the quality of work produced and shared, monitor its performance and create detailed reports of the results.
  • In-depth and Independent Reporting: It can be dangerous to rely on the reports provided to brands by Social Media Influencers as an indicator of performance.  Therefore, our team produce detailed, independently verified reports using the type of enterprise-level reporting tools that most influencers would not have access to.
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Observable Universe is a name for the universe we humans currently inhabit. This includes the individuals who contributed to this wiki. As far as we are aware, our universe is the only observable and measurable space, though this may change in the future.

The universe contains all of space, time and everything. Currently, the observable universe is 92,200,000,000 ± 140,315,000 light-years across, and makes up 4.9% of the entire universe. However, it's expanding at 299,792.458 kilometers per second, so does it change? No, because our units are ever-so-slightly expanding with it. The universe is currently thought to be 13,799,000,000 ± 21,000,000 years old, yet the oldest star, HD 140283 is thought to be 14,460,000,000 ± 800,000,000 years old. What's up with that? Scientists are finding out it is less and less old than previously thought. A universe could be described as an independent segment of possibility; a bubble of space with a defined beginning point (typically a Big Bang) and a set of physical laws, which may or may not line up with the ones humanity observes. The only thing aside from a vecoverse that can be before the Universe is the Law of Dimensional Cycle.

Our universe is contained in a multiverse along with other multiple (and probably alternate) universes - perhaps an immeasurable number - which may or may not contain humans or life at all. In fact, some of them may be so hostile, and chemistry or physics as we know them, may not function properly. The possible total number of universes in our multiverse, based on the probability law, is 10^10^10^122.

Our universe was involved in a collision 13,798,620,000 ± 21,000 years ago. In the southern southeast universe, in an oval stretching across 1,800,000,000 light-years, there is a spot slightly colder than the regular universe, that is devoid of what should be an area of about 10,000 galaxies. It is only 0.00015°C colder than the rest of the universe, but that is much colder on a scale of space temperature. Why does this spot exist? It is due to this universal collision! All the galaxies were sucked up from that area into the other universe, and the area gradually grew colder over time. The laws of physics were somewhat changed, and into what they are today. The collision would look like an extremely cold mirror coming towards you, and then that mirror suddenly catching on fire and burning. Everything in the area would be sucked into the other universe, and everything in the other universe’s area of collision would be sent into ours. The universe could have been much colder or older than ours, causing the area to be frozen. Thermodynamic equilibrium would most likely have started making the area warmer, turning it into what it is today.

Other InformationEdit

Most universes, including ours, shall eventually "die" as the second law of thermodynamics ensures that energy becomes less and less usable over time. This universe is also the least confusing to understand, as it is the only one that we know exists so far.

Our universe starts in a big bang with quantum foam at Planck Temperature, to create space-time. Eventually, this comes together in large numbers to form gluons. These gluons can eventually form into quarks, which create protons and neutrons. Protons come together, sometimes with neutrons, to form atoms, the basic building blocks of all material. These atomic nuclei also form electrons around them to propel against protons. This forms an atom, the basic building block of all material. The first atom is hydrogen, but then helium atoms form. And soon, so do lithium, boron, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, sodium, and many more! These start forming meteors, then asteroids, and planets. Eventually, some planets grow large, becoming a star. Nearby planets get pulled into orbit, creating a planetary system. This eventually forms star clusters, which form galaxies. These form galaxy clusters, which form superclusters. these form huge cosmic webs, covering about five percent of the observable universe.

Our Address Edit

Apartment 1, 1 Example Road (Example Residence), Example City, Example Province, Example Country, Antarctica, 3 Solar System (Earth), Milky Way Galaxy, Local Group, Virgo Supercluster, Laniakea Supercluster, Cosmic Web, Observable Universe, Local Multiverse

See AlsoEdit

Observable Universe (ours) is part of a series on verses.
Main Verses:
Universe · Multiverse · Metaverse · Xenoverse · Hyperverse · Megaverse · ??? · Archverse · ??? · Shinoverse · ??? · Omniverse · ??? · The Box · ??? · Pitch Black · Heaven

Explore the Universe Edit


nineteen − eighteen =

5 × two =

Green Room [2015] is a horror-thriller film written and directed Jeremy Saulnier. It follows a punk rock band that witnesses a murder and then has to survive the attacks from a group of neo-Nazi skinheads.

Not A Minor Threat. Vampires, thrill-killers, ghosts, zombies, supernatural entities, demons and things that go bump in the night. These are largely the inhabitants of the horror genre, which all have lead to the creations of their own sub-genres, styles, influences, revivals, successes, and failures. Horror is a special genre because it has amassed a fan base that is dedicated and knowledgeable and appreciative of what the genre can do in the right hands. The horror genre is also interesting because while the photography, the music, the acting, the practical effects, and the story can all be good, it still has to be scary. So when going into Green Room, you may be inclined to think it isn’t a “horror movie” the same way that The Exorcist, Suspiria, or The Babadook is. But when movies are stripped down, we’re left with the intent of the genre. Green Room stands out in this regard because it does function on multiple levels inside of the genres it is considered to be a part of. It rises up to the standards of both a horror and a thriller effortlessly. With high-intensity violence, realistic (and if not realistic then at least disturbing) practical effects and a constant threat of death, the lingering darkness throughout the film easily places it in the horror category. With the odds considerably against our protagonists, each tiny advancement feels like a massive victory. It creates a tension that is palpable. The film digs its claw into your back and takes you for a ride, standing strong in the thriller genre. The promise of an exciting and shocking story might be enough to put you in the seat, but it’s how the film manages to elevate these elements to new heights that will keep you there. Or at least on the edge of it.

The Ain’t Rights, But Not Wrongs. Too often, a major downfall of the horror genre is its inability to create memorable characters that people care about. It’s a genre where the monsters and villains get the love and attention, not their victims. Green Room doesn’t solve this issue, but it clearly makes an effort. Our lead characters are in a punk band, famously off-the-grid, that are trying to wrap up a tour. They take a gig that ends up being in a neo-Nazi skinhead bar, and the movie’s story opens up from there. Something the film does very well is taking the time to set up information in a way that feels organic and unassuming. The reincorporated elements that come later don’t feel obvious or contrived, but rather fit in relation to the characters, their lifestyle and the events that unfold. The actions people make aren’t logic-defying (no girls running in high heels up the stairs instead of out the front door). You can understand what is happening and agree with decisions made, even if they work horrendously against the band’s favor. But this is how the film ultimately builds the tension: we know the score the whole way and we know what’s at stake. It’s such a relatable sequence of events, even if you’re not in a touring punk band. It’s bad luck that leads to a situation that we could all at least imagine ourselves getting in. Have you ever walked into a room when you weren’t supposed to? Have you ever left your phone behind and remembered just in time? Green Room very brilliantly shows an escalation of events, how people react to them, and how unfair and cruel circumstances and people can really be.

Nazi Punks… Once the film establishes the characters, where they are going and why the conflict begins at an alarming pace. That isn’t to say the film rushes. The pacing is exceptionally well balanced between bursts of violence and small moments of pause. The film doesn’t needlessly build up characters, events or locations. It helps to create several moments of genuine shock and surprise that are too good to ever be spoiled. The breaks in the conflict function not only for the characters to regroup and plan out their next move but also for the audience to absorb and reflect on what has happened. Additionally, the breaks also provide a chance to advance the narrative and develop the story. The film has an unexpected level of depth to it. It’s refreshing to see a film so perfectly utilize the location, the characters and the natural progression of its own structure in a way that fleshes out the overall presentation in a convincing way. It’s a short movie, with limited characters and a simple story, but it’s absolutely complete and flawlessly assembled.

Encore! The film shines thanks to great writing, but there is plenty to love. The writing is simply the platform for everything to stand on and grow from. The cast makes the most of their terror and anxiety and sells their performances well. They’re likable and you’ll probably want to see more of them as the film moves forward. The movie isn’t entirely dread and gloom either; it has its own brand of humor sprinkled throughout and it blends in with the carnage surrounding it. The editing is at times clever and the photography is exactly what it needs to be; it doesn't reinvent the wheel but it doesn’t distract either. Green Room delivers in the most satisfying way a movie can: it exceeds expectations. It’s thrilling, it’s horrifying and it’s a blast to experience. Director Jeremy Saulnier showed great promise with Blue Ruin, and Green Room proves that he’s a talent that people should be paying attention to.

Green Room is a near flawless thriller that delivers some laughs, a lot of terror, and some of the heaviest doses of tension you’ll experience in a theater.

Related: Looking for movies of equal caliber?
Click here to see which movies received a Perfect Score from Borrowing Tape.

Green Room is featured on Borrowing Tape's Best Films of 2015 list.

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Cricket loam

Here is a picture of some 1,700 tonnes of prime cricket loam (a.k.a. Surrey loam) ready for bagging at our Sevenoaks depot. It will be processed in our new bagging unit, palletised and sent out to waiting customers all over the Home Counties.

But what on earth (err...) is cricket loam and what makes it so special? The ECB (England and Wales Cricket Board) explains it in their maintenance guidelines document, which is the bible for groundsmen around the country.

Essentially, it is a type of topdressing with around 30% clay content, which is used at the end of the cricket season to repair wear and damage to cricket squares. The clay content ensures suitable and consistent bounce during play. A greater clay content gives higher performance but requires more maintenance, as it will be more liable to drying out and cracking. Therefore, the recommendation tends to be for a clay content of 28-35% for first class cricket, but more like 25-28% for school pitches. Ultimately, it is the soil's "breaking strength" which determines its suitability, and this is dependent not only on clay content, but also on the other components of the loam. The guidelines explain how to test your soil - please refer to them for details.

Most importantly, though, the loam applied must be compatible with the existing soil. If not, it will create layers where the different types of soil dry out (and therefore shrink) at different rates. Such layering affects the bounce, is prone to damage and provides an unsuitable environment for good quality grasses. Again, the guidelines explain how to check soil compatibility.

We have been producing and supplying cricket loam to a high degree of consistency over the last twenty years, and have it tested by the STRI to ensure its quality and suitability. This year's supply is now ready to be shipped. Full details on the Bourne Amenity and Gardenscape websites.


I'm attempting to test out the maths behind bounding volume algorithms (prior to ray tracing) using MATLAB.

So far, I have successfully created the relatively trivial axis aligned bounding volume, and I believe I have successfully created a bounding sphere.

I've attempted to then create an object aligned bounding volume - but although I believe I have got the principle axes correct because the box appears to be a suitable shape - I have been unable to translate it correctly "onto" the shape.

Essentially my question is - what am I doing wrong in my algorithm & how do I translate my bounding volume onto the shape.

The two sources I have been using are Maths for 3D Games, as well as a blog which gives some indication on to do the translation - but doesn't seem to have worked very well.

I have put my source code below - thanks very much!

%//===================Declare vertices and faces===================
vp_vtx = [379.379,684.302,319.752,711.497,215.956,439.237,600,600,732.938,418.084,600,600,747.081;
ws_fcs = [2,4,3,6,6,7,7,10,10; %//Faces forming shape
%//===================Create an AA bounding box===================
x = vp_vtx(1,:);y = vp_vtx(2,:);z = vp_vtx(3,:); %//Seperate vertex coordinates
bb_vtx = [min(x),max(x),min(x),max(x),min(x),max(x),min(x),max(x); %//Take min/max from each
    min(y),min(y),max(y),max(y),min(y),min(y),max(y),max(y); %//To form enclosing box

bb_fcs = [1,2,6,1,1,3; 2,4,5,5,2,4;4,8,7,7,6,8; 3,6,8,3,5,7]; %//Allocate faces of box

figure(); grid on; hold on; xlabel('x'); ylabel('y'); zlabel('z');
scatter3(vp_vtx(1,:),vp_vtx(2,:),vp_vtx(3,:),'r'); %//Plot shape
patch('Faces',ws_fcs','Vertices',vp_vtx(1:3,:)', 'Facecolor', 'r','FaceAlpha', 0.1)
patch('Faces',bb_fcs', 'Vertices',bb_vtx','FaceColor','g','FaceAlpha', 0.05);%//Plot enclosing box

mean_point = sum(vp_vtx,2)/length(vp_vtx);
C = zeros(4,4); %//Create 4x4 empty matrix
for i = 1:length(vp_vtx)
    C = C+(vp_vtx(:,i)-mean_point)*(vp_vtx(:,i)-mean_point)'; %//Sum to get covarience matrix
C = C/length(vp_vtx); %//Scale by the number of samples

[y,v] = eig(C(1:3,1:3)) ;%//Get eigenvalues & eigen vectors

R = y(:,1); %//Eigen vectors & values form object aligned axes
S = y(:,2);
T = y(:,3);%//T is principle axis as derived from largest eigenvalue

%//========Create an Object Orientated Bounding Box=========
dot_arr = zeros(size(vp_vtx));
for i = 1:length(vp_vtx)  %//Create array of dot products with each OO axis
    dot_arr(1,i) = dot(vp_vtx(1:3,i),T);
    dot_arr(2,i) = dot(vp_vtx(1:3,i),R);
    dot_arr(3,i) = dot(vp_vtx(1:3,i),S);
%//Get min/max variation in each OO axis
a = 0.5*(min(dot_arr(1,:)) + max(dot_arr(1,:)));
b = 0.5*(min(dot_arr(2,:)) + max(dot_arr(2,:)));
c = 0.5*(min(dot_arr(3,:)) + max(dot_arr(3,:)));
%//Centre is point where the 3 planes of the box intersect? (from book)
q = a*T + b*R + c*S;

Tr = vertcat(horzcat(T,S,R,q),[0,0,0,1]); %//Transform & translate original AA box
bb_vtx = Tr*vertcat(bb_vtx, ones(1,length(bb_vtx)));
patch('Faces',bb_fcs', 'Vertices',bb_vtx(1:3,:)','FaceColor','g','FaceAlpha', 0.05);
  • 2
    $\begingroup$ "Matlab is not the choice of language for this particular task"... nor mine. I'm not familiar with the language nor have access to Matlab. Having said that, I see you have the eigenvectors of the covariance matrix and are taking the dot product of each vertex against each of those vectors. The mins and maxs give the bounds of a box. However, I don't think this is guaranteed to give you a good bound. Imagine a dense central cluster of vertices with a few outliers. The directions of your axes are going to governed by the dense cluster but your box really only depends on the outliers. $\endgroup$ – Simon F Apr 28 '16 at 8:14
  • 1
    $\begingroup$ There seems to be a problem with matlab on this site, every time somebody puts up a question with matlab code it seems to rot forever. I have matlab installed but honestly would not care to fire it up for debugging $\endgroup$ – joojaa Apr 28 '16 at 8:54
  • $\begingroup$ @SimonF Surely though, as a bounding box, it still has to include those outliers - unless of course you have multiple bounding boxes. However, I'm only attempting to model the mathematics and the shape in question is just one I quickly drew up while I had the time... $\endgroup$ – davidhood2 Apr 28 '16 at 12:24
  • $\begingroup$ Well, yes, it will still include the outliers, but one aim of OBBs over AABBs is to get a much smaller bounding volume. I just meant to point out that using PCA might not give a good result. I must admit, though, I don't really have an efficient scheme for doing better :-| $\endgroup$ – Simon F Apr 28 '16 at 13:09

Your Answer

Browse other questions tagged or ask your own question.


1. The person responsible for dealing with any complaint about the service that we provide is our Practice Manager who can be contacted directly on: 01248 353456 or via email:

2. If a patient complains by telephone or in person, we will listen to their complaint and offer to refer them to the Practice Manager immediately. If the Practice Manager is not available at the time, we will advise the patient when they will be able to talk to the Practice Manager and make arrangements for this to happen. The member of staff will take brief details of the complaint to pass to the Practice Manager and provide the patient with a copy. If we cannot arrange this within a reasonable period or if the patient does not wish to wait to discuss the matter, arrangements will be made for someone else to deal with it.

3. If a patient complains in writing or by e-mail, it will be passed immediately to the Practice Manager.

4. If a complaint is about any aspect of clinical care or associated charges, it will usually be referred to the dentist concerned, unless the patient does not want this to happen.

5. We will acknowledge the patient’s complaint in writing and enclose a copy of this code of practice as soon as possible, normally 2 working days. We will offer to discuss the complaint at a time agreed with the patient, and confirm how the patient would like to be kept informed of developments – by telephone, letters or e-mail or by face-to-face meetings. We will inform the patient about how the complaint will be handled and the likely time that the investigation will take to complete. If the patient does not wish to discuss the complaint further, we will still inform them of the expected timescale for completing the investigation.

6. We will seek to investigate the complaint within four weeks and, as far as reasonably practicable, we will keep the patient informed as to the progress of the investigation.

7. When we have completed our investigation, we will provide the patient with a full written report, which will include an explanation of how we considered the complaint, the conclusions reached in respect of each specific part of the complaint, details of any necessary remedial action taken and whether further action will be taken.

8. Proper and comprehensive records will be kept of any complaints received and the action we take. These records will be reviewed regularly to ensure that we take every opportunity to improve our service.

Healthcare Inspectorate Wales

Welsh Government

Rhydycar Business Park

Merthyr Tydfil

CF48 1UZ

0300 062 8163

0300 062 8163

Dental Complaints Service,
Stephenson House,
2 Cherry Orchard Road,
(Telephone: 08456 120 540)

General Dental Council,
37 Wimpole Street,


[deleted] -9 points-8 points 7 months ago

srsly_its_so_ez 20 points21 points 7 months ago

It's important info and I think that people should be able to share it if they want to. For what it's worth, I put this whole post together myself over the course of a month or two. Yes, I copy-pasted it, honestly I'm surprised that you expected otherwise. People don't usually put together posts like that all in one go, and if they do then it would take many hours of work.

This is a topic that I'm passionate about and it comes up often, so I put in a lot of work to research it and put together a post that I can use whenever I need to. If you've got a problem with that, too bad.


INYO350 operates purely on the passion and skill of our volunteers. We are always looking for volunteers to assist us in a variety of areas and will do our best to match with you a position that you’ll enjoy. Please feel out the form and one of our board members will reach out to arrange a call or coffee meeting to discuss how you can lend a hand to INYO350.

What areas do you have experience in or you're interested in. Please select all that apply.
social mediaevent planningfundraisingwriting or journalismtabling at events

How many hours a month can you commit to?

Are there any other skills or information you'd like to tell us?


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Brocoders is an outsourcing software development and consultancy company. Since its creation in 2014, the company has grown to include over 50 highly professional IT specialists. We realize that what customers are looking for in an IT outsourcing. We provide a wide range of IT services in various industries, including recruiting, healthcare, mobile learning, e-commerce, etc. As a result, we deliver only top-quality product using cutting-edge technologies.

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Debt adjustment

The first step to resolve over-indebtedness is to apply for voluntary means of debt restructuring. If these are not enough to resolve your debt situation, you can apply to the district court for the adjustment of debts of a private individual.

You can obtain debt adjustment if you are unable to pay your debts and no financial improvement is expected in your financial position. If there is an impediment to debt adjustment, weighty reasons are required to grant it.

If you are able to cover your debts by selling assets other than those constituting basic security, by reducing your expenses or by increasing your income, you cannot be granted debt adjustment. Nor is debt adjustment granted if the debts can be paid within a reasonable time or where inability to pay is temporary.

You can get help and advice on debt adjustment from financial and debt advisers.

Published 15.1.2019


Feeling the strain

Injuries caused by repetitive massage movements can end a therapist’s career. We look at what the industry can do to help

Massage training often focuses on the client perspective, from equipment to keep clients comfortable, to their enjoyment of the treatment and  the massage techniques used.

However, a 60 or 90-minute massage can put a huge amount of pressure on the therapists’ wrists, fingers and thumbs, especially if they are not performing the techniques correctly. For example, having the bed too high or leaning over the client will put strain on their wrists, shoulders and lower back.

In fact, a UK study on the demographic incidence of wrist and finger damage among therapists found that 88% of massage therapists who had been giving five or more massage sessions per week for more than two years, suffered from injury.

One type of injury a therapist may experience if they perform massages day in, day out is repetitive strain injury (RSI); pain felt in muscles, nerves and tendons and caused by repetitive movement or overuse. However there are ways to prevent and treat the condition.

Access all areas
Rachel Halling, principal at Champneys College, the training arm of the UK health spa group, says her spa managers see a huge number of newly qualified therapists entering the business having already picked up bad habits. “If they are to have a prolonged career, especially when working in a busy spa, this needs addressing straight away,” she says.

massage lead

When new therapists are employed at any of the Champneys resorts or day spas, group trainers carry out an initial evaluation of their massage techniques, observing therapists during induction to assess their posture and hand techniques.

They also offer guidance on improvements therapists can make, such as exercises to strengthen their legs and arm muscles, changing their stance to use body weight, and ensuring their wrist joints and thumbs are positioned at the
correct angles.

Incorrect use of equipment can also be a factor in RSI. Beata Aleksandrowicz, founder of London-based massage training school Pure Massage, advises that a simple, smaller couch is often better than the large, more complex tables. “It’s fundamental that therapists have proper access to the client’s body, without having to lean over them,” she says.

Another problem is having the table too high. “For a full-body massage, therapists should keep the table lower, so they are bending their knees and utilising their whole body. If the client is high up then a therapist will feel all the strain in their shoulders,” she says.

“There’s no way you can effectively perform a massage and give the right pressure if your body is not engaged and you are not using the right muscles. This is crucial if a therapist wants to have a long career in massage,” Aleksandrowicz, adds.

Fighting fit
“When Swedish massage was first introduced, it used to be a 15-20 minute treatment but it can now last as long as 90 minutes,” says Aleksandrowicz. “If therapists are expected to perform three massages a day, they have to be fit.” Just like an athlete, who trains to have physical endurance, she says therapists need to take better care of their bodies.

“They need to understand that their body is a tool so they should eat, sleep, and exercise as if they are in training.” She says: “I would suggest keeping their body flexible and supple. Yoga and Pilates are perfect exercises, as breathing and stretching is much better than cardio for the style of work they are maintaining.”

Aleksandrowicz also suggests that therapists turn up to work early to perform warm-up stretches (see box out on page 45) before a day of massage. It is, she adds, also important that they remember to eat regularly to fuel their day, as they are using a lot of energy.

“Some therapists need guidance from their employers about this, so spas should ensure that they have breaks when needed and suitable snacks to keep them going,” she says. While therapists should be implementing all these aspects into their lives in order to stay injury-free, Aleksandrowicz encourages them to take up these habits even if they are already suffering from RSI.

“Those with RSI or carpal tunnel syndrome first need to rest and take medication if needed. However, those that do end up taking steroids for relief often go back to the same habits, so their situation doesn’t improve,” she explains.

Pressure points
Of course, not all responsibility rests with the therapists and one step spas can take to prevent injuries among their staff is to put a cap on how many hours a day therapists can carry out massages.

Dormy House Spa in Worcestershire in the UK limits the length of therapists’ shifts to eight hours, making sure they have short breaks between massages and that they only perform a maximum of three massage in a day. Therapists also alternate between treatments, so they are not performing massages back to back.

Champneys is also mindful of preventing RSI by varying treatments on a therapist’s daily schedule and limiting the number of hours for body massage.

The company also provides regular staff workshops on maintaining good posture and alternative massage techniques, as well a providing adjustable hydraulic beds. Feedback from product houses suggests the onus is on therapists to know what they are doing, as well as on spas and salons to train their staff on how to avoid RSI.

However, Fiona Brackenbury, director of training for Decléor and Carita in the UK, feels that there should be a duty of care from the brands, too. “It is our responsibility to look after our spa and salon accounts, as well as protect their therapists,” she says.

Decléor created its Red Island wooden tool to give therapists an alternative to using fingers and thumbs. “It takes the pressure off the therapists wrists,” Brackenbury explains. “It’s moulded with a bulbous end, which is placed in the therapist’s hand and a smaller rounded end, which is great for massage on intricate areas.”

Equipment and tools such as this are a step forward, but it appears training is the key to preventing RSI and many feel the brands should be doing more. Aleksandrowicz agrees: “We have to invest in training, not just to ensure therapists are performing correctly, but also to stop the huge turnover of therapists that is still happening.”

With finding and retaining great staff already a key concern for the industry, it would certainly be a shame for massage related injuries to drive even more therapists away.

Stretching tips
Beata Aleksandrowicz shares her top five stretches to do before performing a massage:

  1. Stand tall and distribute bodyweight evenly under your feet. Hang arms loosely by the sides of your body. Lift your arms above you head, interlace fingers and turn palms towards the ceiling. Maintain position for 10 seconds, while lifting towards the ceiling on each out breath.
  2. Sit on a chair with your feet touching the floor. Give yourself a hug, with your left hand on the right shoulder and the right hand on the left shoulder. On the out breath, press your feet into the floor while lifting your spine. Then twist your torso towards your left, looking behind your left shoulder without twisting your pelvis. Hold for 10 seconds then change sides.
  3.  Stand tall with weight evenly distributed under your feet. Put your arms behind your back and interlace fingers. Pull your hands away from the body and hold for 10 seconds.
  4. Stand tall with arms by your sides. Using a broad movement, make big forward circles with your shoulders, imagining the stretch is going from the middle of your chest and opening up the whole area. After five circles, repeat with a backwards circle motion.
  5. With arms by the sides of you body, slowly pull your shoulders towards your ears as high as possible and then vigorously drop them down. Repeat five times.

Practitioner’s view
Marcella Carnevale, massage therapist

“The techniques I have learnt from training are great for avoiding RSI. I don’t really use my fingers and thumbs, never for deep work anyway. I use my forearms and elbows instead and lean in with my body weight, so it’s far less taxing on the body.

I always try to do some swinging of my arms and wrists before a fully booked day and also do stretches to open my arms and chest. I also do the cat stretch to limber up my back and if I get the chance, I often repeat these between clients.

I work part time so I do on average two to three shifts a week, varying from five to eight hours. I only use my body in the treatments, not any other equipment.

I think the biggest thing that’s helped me loosen my body and improve my treatments is focusing on breathing deeply, which helps me relax. I also have an open stance that allows energy to flow freely, making sure to bring my attention back to my body during treatments.

My advice to other therapists is to constantly question what they are doing during treatments. Could you be doing less? Could you relax your arms and hands more? Is your back feeling relaxed and is your tailbone tucked under?’

It feels like the less I try to make something happen, the more I allow the massage to flow in an unimpeded way, which is great for my body and also feels good to the client.”


Saturday, 4 July 2020

Nicoya Says “No” To Prohibition For Semana Santa

Usually with the arrival of Semana Santa, municipalities across the country take the necessary measures to prohibit the sale of alcoholic beverages.

This year, changes to the Ley de Regulación y Comercialización de Bebidas con Contenido Alcohólico  (Regulatory and Marketing Act of Alcoholic Beverages Act), allow local municipalities the decision to keep the traditions of the “Ley Seca” (Dry Law) or allows the taps to flow.

nicoya-churchWhile the prohibition is no longer compulsory, the tradition of Thursdays and Fridays of Semana Santa (Easter Week) as “dry” days in Costa Rica,  seems to continue when supermarkets, restaurants, bars, etc. have to hide away their liquor and suspend their sales from 12:01am Thursday to midnight Friday.

So far the town of Nicoya on the Pacific coast is the only local government decided against the prohibition.

- paying the bills -

This year, residents of the Guanacaste town can buy alcoholic beverages through the “Holy” days. Marco Antonio Jiménez, mayor of Nicoya, using the new law and justifies the decision by saying that the prohibition would negatively affect the local economy.

“The tourism industry is very important in our county where every year during this period hotels, cabins and hundreds of other businesses such as restaurants or sodas welcome thousands of national and foreign visitors, therefore, we consider that this measure (no prohibition) helps the local economy,” said Jiménez.

For the mayor, removing the prohibition it will also help local tourism recover from last year’s September 5 earthquake that hit Nicoya the hardest.

Jiménez added that this (the removal of prohibition) will be a show of confidence that the town can celebrate religious ceremonies in moderation.

- paying the bills -
- paying the bills -

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Let's Keep This Going!


Chapter 7

St. Francis Prep.

Nutrition - Mrs. Turner

-amino acid

-essential amino acid

-vegetarian eating

-pesce vegetarian

-semi vegetarian

-lacto-ovo vegetarian

{200 times as sweet as sugar)

  • 4 calories per gram/approved in 1981

-aspertame sensitive (PKU-phenylketonuria) in born error of metabolism that results in brain damage if too much is consumed

-shortage of protein in the diet

-protein-energy malnutrition{PEM)

-fatty liver

excess of protein

-additional body fat if total calories consumes exceeds calories needed (high protein foods are often high fat)

 -calcium lost

 -RDA for protein

125 lbs.
= 57 kgs.

57kgs. x .8 or .9 = 46grams or 51 grams daily

-calculate your RDA for protein below

Name____________________________________________ Sheet 5.1

The vegetarian diet has recently become popular in the United States Some people think that it is a new kind of diet. but it is one of the oldest diets around. In early times. a great emphasis was placed on plant foods in the diet. The early Romans' diet relied mainly on dark breads. thick soups, turnips. beans, olives, and figs.

Many of the world's religious groups throughout history have encouraged a vegetarian diet because of a
deep respect for anima! life. Today, the Seventh-Day Adventists in this country encourage vegetarian diets.

In the 1800s in this country some people tried to use vegetarian diets for medical purposes. Dr. J. H. Kellogg, director of the Battle Creek Sanitarium in Michigan, tried unsuccessfully to use a vegetarian diet, along with other therapies, to cure diseases such as tuberculosis and arthritis.

No matter what the reason, many people choose to follow vegetarian diets. There are three main types of vegetarian diets and these are illustrated below.

The strictest vegetarian diet is called a "pure" vegetarian. or a vegan diet. A vegan diet consists of fruits, vegetables, legumes, grains, nuts, and seeds. There are no animal products included in a vegan diet.

Another type of vegetarian diet is called a facto vegetarian diet. This diet includes foods from a vegan diet plus milk and milk products (/CJcto means" milk").

The third type of vegetarian diet is an ovo/acto vegetarian diet. This diet inCludes foods from a lacto vegetarian diet, plus eggs (ovo means "egg").

Name__________________________________________ Sheet 5-2

Now let us look at how to plan a vegetarian diet. People who eat meat and people who do not still need the same nutrients. People who eat meat can use the "Daily Food Guide" to help plan their diet so that the'i can get alt the nutrients they need. People who do not eat meat can use an adapted version of the "Daily FoodGuide" and get all the nutrients they need.

The "Vegetarian's Daily Food Guide" is similar to the regular version. The only difference is that the Meat-Poultry-Fish-Beans group is replaced with the Eggs-Beans-Nuts-Seeds group. This group consists of all the foods that are considered meat alternates. These meat alternates include dried beans, dried peas, lentils. eggs, nuts, seeds, and peanut butter. Since these foods are good sources of protein, iron, and the B vitamins. ~~ , they can replace meat in the diet. One thing to remember: these protein foods should be eaten along with foods from the Bread-Cereal group. If eaten together, these foods meet protein needs better than if eaten alone.

Many people worry that they will not get enough protein if they do not eat meat. But, in reality, most Americans eat more protein than they need because they eat more meat than they need. Protein is found in almost all foods. When you add them all together, you will find that you have eaten a lot of protein without even realizing it!

Protein in plant foods is a little different from protein in animal foods. All protein is made up of amino acids (building blocks). Animal foods have all of the amino acids in the proper amounts in order for you to be able to build body protein. Plant foods have most of the same amino acids, but not in the proper amounts. If you eat certain


Appointment Request - Dallas Office Appointment Request - Plano Office

If this is the case, ADHD might possibly be resolved by developing more mature coping mechanisms, and not necessarily behavioral drugs. Generally, if there were successful coping mechanisms as a child, there should be effective mechanisms that can be used as an adult that can be discovered through counseling and determination.

If you feel you may be suffering from ADHD as an adult, please reach out to Solace Counseling today for some counseling methods to help you cope.


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Pulse Nightclub Survivor: ‘I Have To Keep Moving’

You honestly don’t know how strong you are until you have no other choice.

If you are experiencing emotional distress or other mental health concerns after a disaster, the Disaster Distress Helpline is here for you 24/7/365:

Or, text TALKWITHUS to 66746.
TTY 1-800-846-8517.

One year after the tragedy, Pulse nightclub shooting survivor Patience Carter is moving forward, but still trying to heal. Although she has healed physically, she is still on an emotional road to recovery.