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Passworder is a password generator with the unique features like simple and complex level of complexity of a password.
1.5 MB 112

PasswordBox liberates you from passwords so you can login everywhere with 1-click and easily share your online accounts with people you trust.
102.4 K 86

Password Box 1.4

Password Box is one of the best managers of passwords and private information. It is easy to use and yet powerful multipurpose program allows users to create their own arbitrary number of categories and fields that can be flexibly configured to fit your goals. This approach provides new ways to store and organize information. Password Box allows you to...
1.9 MB 134

Recovery of passwords for MD5, MD4, SHA-1, MySQL and other hashes. The software's primary features include: - 7 types of attacks for recovering passwords to hashes. - Maximum number of hashes in the licensed version reaches 10 millions. - Comfortable and quick handling of large hash lists. - Recovery of passwords of up to...
921.6 K 7,403

PasswordBook 1.0

PasswordBook is a portable and simple application without any complexities which allows you to store your valuable passwords and notes securely using DES encryption. No installation is needed, just download 'PasswordBook' extract it in a folder and run.
102.4 K 9

Password Boss 2.26

Multifunctional password manager with unique capabilities. It allows for secure storage and usage of passwords and any other confidential information. It features secure encryption, a powerful password generator, a comfortable interface, automatic backup, Drag'n'Drop support; it can run from removable media, sort the database contents, add up to 255...
716.8 K 2,402

Password Book 1.10

Today, too many accounts you need to remember, bank, Credit, mailbox, ID Card, website login, software license, product information etc. How to keep them safely and easy to find out is a problem. Password Book provides you a way to use your account information easy and safe. Password Book uses 128 bit AES algorithm to encrypt your account...
716.8 K 959

PasswordGuard 2.0

How many passwords and user names do you have to keep track of? Chances are that the answer is "lots." It was bad enough when you only needed a password to access your network or shell account; now many websites want passwords too. Most people resort to keeping a written list of passwords (unsafe) or using the same password on many systems (very unsafe)....
200 K 1,146

PasswordZilla 1.02

PasswordZilla is a powerful password and hash generator for any your projects. It's interface is simple, and easy to comprehend. PasswordZilla allows you to easily generate and store passwords, hash and data in a different formats. It will be helpful for webmasters, system administrators, software developers. PasswordZilla support next hash: MD5,...
419 K 1,291

Password Safe 3.34.1

Password Safe allows you to safely and easily create a secured and encrypted user name/password list. With Password Safe all you have to do is create and remember a single "Master Password" of your choice in order to unlock and access your entire user name/password list. Keeping written lists of passwords on scraps of paper, or in a text document...
11.4 MB 2,671

Passwordstate 6.3 Build 6350

Passwordstate is an internally hosted web-based solution for Enterprise Password Management, where teams of people can access and share sensitive password resources. Role based administration and end-to-end event auditing, provides a secure platform for password storage and collaboration. 256bit AES data encryption, code obfuscation and enterprise...
46.8 MB 798

Passwords Max 5.93 Build 5931

Passwords Max allows you to effectively and easily manage the many passwords that you need to access web sites and secure applications. Implementing strong, consistent password security is easy. * All you need to remember is one master password. * Passwords and other information can be transferred to other applications automatically. You will...
12.1 MB 2,710

PasswordPower 1.3

Generate one password or a list of passwords which can be saved to a text-file for easy editing. Features: - Add prefix and/or suffix - Select between upper/lower-case letters, numbers and special characters. - Ability to include/exclude user-selected characters. - The choice to select password length. - The choice to...
307.2 K 1,024

Password Guru 1.1.94

Passwords Guru is a powerful and convenient passwords generator. Nowadays, it is essentially important for passwords to be exceptionally secure. And it is not that easy to create a secure password. That is why we have developed a freeware application PasswordsGuru. In fact, this application is a part of another one of our programs, SecureWord, which works...
204.8 K 2,726

Password Renew

Alter and change old passwords with the goal of making passwords stronger with methods and templates you may choose from
102.4 K 2,241

Passwords Plus 3.000

Avoid the security risks that come with using simple passwords or the same password for multiple websites! Passwords Plus stores and protects PINs, passwords and other sensitive information while providing automatic synchronization of this data between your multiple computers/devices. Free trials available for all platforms - experience full sync...
6.4 MB 694

Password Saver 2.2.7

Password Saver is an easy-to-use, feature-rich solution for storing all your passwords in a secure, centralized database on your hard drive or a removable media disk. It employs industrial-strength encryption technology and offers export/import functionality designed especially for small to mid-sized teams. Your password database is protected using...
2.14 MB 789

Password Login

The Professional Edition of "Password Maker". Allows the use of Password Only login method, 199 library images, "Forgot" and "Remember" options, "Publish", "FTP Access" for easy uploads and much more... Password protect web pages and create great looking Login Boxes and Login Areas. Complete with an Image Library of 199 images,...
32.8 MB 123

Password Depot 8.0.5

Memorize only one password From now on you will need to remember only one single password - the password which you use to open Password Depot. Maximum security for your passwords Your passwords are protected from external access to the best possible extent due to double encryption with AES (Rijndael 256). Your passwords always...
32.7 MB 3,573

Password Genie 2.1

Password Genie is a password manager that works across multiple computers, users, and browsers and is designed for both security and convenience. You can easily save all of your usernames and passwords in one location which is securely protected and can only be accessed by you. Password Genie features include: Organized Folder View - Organize...
7.4 MB 643

Password Vault 1.0.0

It allows you to keep a database of all of your program, Web site, document, bank account and other passwords. All of your passwords are protected by a single master password. The password database itself is compressed and encrypted to ensure security and portability. Key Features * A single database file keeps all of your passwords in...
716.8 K 270

Password Angel

Password Angel is an elegant solution to a problem of storage, structuring, and protection of sensitive data. Do you find it difficult to remember a hundred pairs of login/password? We do, too. Here are the most popular reasons for the leak of confidential data - using a single password for several services, - a weak password...
3.2 MB 102

Passwords Base 4.70

Today, as the Internet has become integral part of the personal computer, you'll need to enter passwords for access to different services. To get Windows’s network access, access to FTP file storage, social networks such as "Facebook" or "Twitter", etc. Of course it is not the best idea, to keep all passwords in your head. Why you need to...
512 K 1,015

Password Hound 1.0

Easy to use password management software. Store your passwords with minimal effort from the user and yet maintain ease of use. Never forget your passwords again.
329 K 636

Password Master 1.1.2

In your "internet life", you need to create so many passwords for your emails, online services, instant messengers etc, you also need to create passwords for some programs that you don't want others to access. It is not an easy thing to remember all of those passwords, plus you have to remember your user names related to the passwords, remember the URLs to...
258 K 1,383

PASSWORDfighter 1.1.8

Is your desk covered in sticky notes with all of your logins and passwords? If you have ever been booted off sites because you can't remember your password and you've exceeded the number of attempts, you know you need some help. Fortunately, you don't need to remember them all - PASSWORDfighter will do that for you. All you need to do is to...
102.4 K 99

Password Corral 4.04

With a clean, easy to use interface, strong encryption and all the features you would expect from a program you'd have to pay for, it's no wonder thousands of people have made it their choice for password management! Please note, Password Corral runs on the Windows platform only. Features: Password Corral uses Blowfish or...
716.8 K 331

PassWord Sentry 1.0

Free to use, it is produced by Dew-IRCus so you know it will never hurt the performance of your machine, it is a snap to download, and/or to delete with no installation required. Features include shadowing passwords (on/off), a true random password generator, made to travel on a flash drive (never get caught without it), it defeats keyboard loggers, and...
409.6 K 367

Password Eraser 1.0.6

Losing your Windows password is no longer the nightmare it once was thanks to Password Eraser. In mere seconds you'll clear your forgotten password and be back in. It's simple really, place the Password Eraser CD/DVD or prepared USB thumb drive into your PC and reboot. Answer a few short questions then your password is reset and you can log back...
2.8 MB 190

Password Memory 5.1

Features: * Get all your password and login details secured in no time. Passwords are encrypted using several different algorithms for maximum security. * Remember only one password from now on. You only have to remember one password, the one that opens Password Memory. * Keep extremely secure passwords for everything since they...
8.5 MB 5,067

PasswordManager 1.0

This is C# .NET windows application that is used to manage passwords. Passwords are stored on the local file system in encrypted format. Features: * Manage Password on your local machine * Password are saved in a encrypted file at the exe location * Encrypted file is encrypted with the same master password that you...
102.4 K 349

Password Dragon 5.0

Password Dragon is a free, easy and secure password manager that works on Windows, Mac and Linux. * First of all it's free. No strings attached. Password Manager does not contain any spyware or ad-ware. * The application is very intutive, user friendly and easy to use. * Files are encrypted with BlowfishJ algorithm. Remember...
716.8 K 1,125

Password Blocks

Password Blocks is a light, quick, and easy to use password manager. You can create/edit groups and accounts easily with the functions presented on the app. You can also choose colors to help differentiate between groups and accounts. Use the search function to quickly look for the account you need. You have the ability to add custom fields to your...
102.4 K 14

Password Keeper 2000 7.2

716.8 K 519

Password Cipher 1

Do you register a lot of accounts on Internet? Do you use a lot of different passwords? Or you use a same password for all accounts? If you use a lot of different passwords, you should have the problem to memorize the passwords or generate the passwords. Then, you should use KeePass. But I have another problem, I do not want to store all my...
409.6 K 318

Password Checker Alpha 3

This program checks the namespace of the password input ([a-z][A-Z][0-9]['-/]) and then determine the total number of passwords that an attacker might go through to brute-force the password. This is currently and ALPHA program, and as such everything that you "get" out of it should be examined closely. Features * Determines...
409.6 K 211

Password Protect 3.4

Privacy, security and confidence. That's what you get when you install Password Protect. The program protects your confidential information against ending up in the wrong hands. You can protect folders on your hard drive, USB and flash, removable and network drives. Password Protect is easy to use. Right-click a folder, select Protect This Folder and...
760 K 1,230

Password Tracker 1.0

Recover your hidden passwords from any program, or even lost passwords which you thought you lost a long time ago
1.89 MB 5,784

Password Compass 1.1.0

Benefits: - Defeats keyboard logging viruses. - Allows you to use more complicated, secure passwords. - Keeps all of your web sites, and web site username / password in one convenient place. - Launch your web sites from one convenient place. - Use the same program and database on Windows, Macintosh, and Linux...
3 MB 177

Passwords Active 1.3

204.8 K 890

Password Control 2.4

1.2 MB 59

Password Manager 1.0.2266.39722

Today identity theft and similar crimes are on a rise; thus to protect our privacy we are required to have at least one password for every service or device we use. This problem is not only limited to the Internet; mobile devices, credit cards, alarms, restricted areas, to mention some, all require passwords or pin codes of some sort. Lets face it;...
23.22 MB 854

Passwords Manager 4.0.19

Passwords Manager is a professional software that will help you systematize secret information stored on your PC. You will forget about all your headaches which were caused by loss of passwords, access codes and other sensitive information. You'll be able to store all your logins, passwords, PIN codes, credit card numbers and their access codes, and any...
9 MB 727

Password Spyer 2k 2.6

Password Spyer 2k is a password recovery tool for windows. Password Spyer 2k reveals passwords hidden by asterkis (***) in all windows version (including 2000 and XP). You can use it to recover lost or forgotten passwords in most windows applications such as outlook, cute ftp, ws ftp, ICQ and others. You can use it to also reveal saved web passwords.
293 K 1,752

Password Guardian 5.02

Password Guardian is handy software database that stores all of your passwords into a single, convenient file. Password information can be stored, edited and printed easily. Do you keep forgetting all those different passwords for America Online, the Internet, bulletin boards systems, ATM bank cards, accounts, PIN's, etc.? Here's a easy, safe and secure...
819.2 K 414

Passwords by Mask 1.90

Passwords by Mask is a program to generate and print as many passwords as you need. Software makes passwords of any length and with any characters. This application is smallest, easiest and realfast program could be used for Network Administrators,Internet Service Providers and other jobs where passwords must be created and...
204.8 K 1,534

Password Safe Pro

Password Safe Pro is designed to make it easy for users to manage usernames and complex passwords for web-sites, e-commerce sites, and desktop applications. Password Safe Pro removes the security risks of routinely using the same password or storing passwords in a text file, spreadsheet, or unencrypted database. Password Safe Pro employs...
9.8 MB 685

Password Protector

Password Protector allows you to securely store your passwords and usernames in one place using AES256 for encryption, which is the recommended cryptosystem used in Banks. Password Protector uses a master password to encrypt your passwords, but it can also use optional 'key files' - small files that are required for the encryption/decryption...
102.4 K 45

Password Generator 1.6 Build 9415

You will never have to think of another random password ever again. Just click the Generate Now button and the program will generate a random password for you. Password Generator is very easy to use. Save the password to a .txt file and you are good to go! Password Generator runs on Windows Vista / XP / 2000 / NT / Me / 98 / 95. Password...
614.4 K 1,352

Password Manager XP 3.2.635

Password Manager eXtra Protection (XP) is a program specially created to help people systematize and store securely valuable information. It rids computer users of headaches caused by lost passwords, forgotten access codes and other sensitive information. With this program, you safely store all your logins, passwords, PIN codes, credit card numbers, access...
2.4 MB 4,428
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Myths about the Northern Territory's population

Dr Tom Wilson is a demographer and senior research fellow in the School for Social and Policy Research

Charles Darwin University demographer Tom Wilson is frequently confronted with assertions about population that have a certain mythological currency in the Northern Territory.

Below he examines these myths and provides statistical evidence to banish them to the realm of fiction.

Myth 1: The Territory is failing to attract southern migrants in any great numbers

Reality: Large numbers of people move to the Territory each year from other states and territories (and from overseas). During the 12 months to 30 June 2006 for example, the Australian Bureau of Statistics estimates that 15,981 people moved interstate to the Territory.

For a population of about 207,000 residents this is a lot of migration. In fact the Territory has the highest in-migration rate of all the states and territories! The reason interstate migration does not contribute much to population growth is that the Territory also loses a large number of people through migration. Over the 12 months to 30 June 2006 an estimated 16,367 people left the Territory for other parts of Australia. The number of arrivals from the rest of Australia minus the number of departures – called net interstate migration – was -386.

In other words, 386 more people left the Territory than moved to it. This net migration figure is often mistaken for the actual number of people coming to or leaving the Territory.

Myth 2: The Indigenous population will soon comprise 50 per cent of the Territory’s population

Reality: It won’t. The Indigenous population currently comprises about 30 per cent of the Territory’s total population. Research by Charles Darwin University suggests coming decades will see a modest increase in this percentage, to around 34 or 35 per cent by 2031. Although the Indigenous population is growing at reasonable pace, so is the non-indigenous population, hence the limited change in percentage.

Myth 3: The majority of Territory births are to mothers living in remote Indigenous communities

Reality: Births statistics for recent years (2000 to 2005) show that about two thirds of births were to mothers usually resident in the Greater Darwin region (Darwin, Palmerston and Litchfield Shire), plus Alice Springs and Katherine. This is not surprising given that 7 out of every 10 Territorians live in these areas. However, a majority of Indigenous Territorians live outside these areas (about two thirds), and the majority of Indigenous births are to mothers resident outside these areas.

Myth 4: The Territory’s population is likely to reach half a million by 2050

Reality: Unlikely. The Territory’s population is currently growing at a reasonable pace, but nowhere near fast enough to get to 500,000 by mid-century. Charles Darwin University projections show that over coming decades the long-run growth of the Territory’s population will average out at about 1.2 to 1.3 per cent per year. Although it’s impossible to give a precise figure for as far out as 2050, the population is probably going to be somewhere between 300,000 and 400,000 by then. Half a million is not completely outside the realms of all possibility, but very much a long shot.

Myth 5: Indigenous life expectancy in the Territory isn’t improving

Reality: Indigenous life expectancy in the Territory is improving. Research shows that it has improved substantially over the last four decades. In the late 1960s Indigenous life expectancy was about 52 years for men and 54 years for women. By the early 2000s male life expectancy was up to 60 years whilst female life expectancy had reached 68 years. However, because non-indigenous life expectancy has also improved significantly over this period, the gap between Indigenous and non-indigenous life expectancy remains, regrettably, enormous.

Myth 6: The Territory has few elderly people so we can ignore population ageing

Reality: The Territory does have relatively few elderly people, but attention certainly needs to be paid to population ageing. Population ageing is said to occur when the percentage of the population aged 65 and over is increasing. This age group currently comprises just 4½ per cent of the Territory’s population (compared to 13 per cent for Australia as a whole). But this percentage is rising for the Territory. In fact the Territory has the most rapidly ageing population of all the states and territories. Projections suggest that the percentage of the population aged 65 and over is likely to double by 2031, though the Territory will continue to have a much smaller percentage in these ages than the rest of Australia. Nonetheless, the increasing importance of the elderly in the Territory’s population raises some important challenges (such as appropriate housing provision and medical care) as well as some important opportunities (such as more grandparents living locally rather than interstate, and a less transient population).

* Dr Tom Wilson is a demographer and senior research fellow in the School for Social and Policy Research at CDU. He can be contacted on 8946 7202.


Latitudes and Longitudes

Latitudes and Longitudes

26.6550* N, 80.2542*- Unless you’re a pilot or a ship captain these numbers probably don’t mean much, but thanks to Google I learned they are the latitude and longitudes of Wellington Florida. I, along with just about every other dressage rider in Michigan, would give anything to reside there about now….   Global coordinates provide essential information in traveling from place to place.  In comparison, when you consider how to get a young developing dressage horse to an athletic Grand Prix horse- paying attention to the latitudes and longitudes of your horse can also help guide your way.

“The dressage horse needs 3 things to be successful…. Suppleness, Suppleness and Suppleness,” expressed the great Steffen Peters at the USDF FEI Trainer’s Conference this past January.

Exceptional knowledge, riding, and horsemanship were shared at the trainer’s conference this year.  I was eager to get home and implement some of the concepts from the 20 pages of notes I took.  However, my reality was temperatures below zero for days on end.  I couldn’t exactly ride with the gusto I had rehearsed in my mind.  But I could layer up my shaved wonder horse and walk, maybe a little trot around the indoor.  I could focus on this concept of Suppleness: what is it exactly?  If you said a human was supple, that may mean she could dance, do the splits, back bends, high kicks.  I took a year of gymnastics when I was 8, and I did a split once…. I remember seeing the more advanced gymnasts, stretching for hours.  They strived to stretch their muscles, tendons, and ligaments beyond the normal range of motion.   And if they missed a day or two of stretching, they’d complain of soreness and loss of flexibility.

So what does it mean when we say a horse is supple?  We want our horses to appear as dancers, graceful, have a big reach with lateral movements, easily come round or stretch their neck down, float across the ground with effortless movement.

We have all heard about making our horses longitudinally and laterally supple.  Longitudinal suppleness refers to how flexible/supple the horse is over the topline: from his tail, over his loins, back, neck, through the poll to the bit.  Essentially making the topline of the horse stretch longer than the underside.  Lateral suppleness refers more to how flexible he is side to side: how bendable his body is left and right. How well and how far the hind legs can cross under and away from the body, how bendy the rib cage is, how flexible the poll and jaw is left to right.  I would say Brioso is relatively supple longitudinally.  He can stretch his topline with his nose to the dirt or bring it up with the poll as the highest point in all 3 gaits.   But I find when I ask him to bend laterally in his poll, neck or body his movement gets tighter, and I have to remind him to stay motivated.  Also when doing leg yields or shoulder in he loses energy and there’s really not much lateral reaching happening.  I end up using more force to keep the gait and the sideways, but sacrificing the looseness.   So I had a thought: my attempts to get him more motivated to my leg aids, will only be as successful as the amount of flexibility and suppleness I can instill.

“You’re only able to push the hind leg to the hand when suppleness is understood by the horse.  If engagement and expression is demanded without the understanding of suppleness and respect to the bit then tension over the topline is created,” another great gem from Stefan Peters.

When the temperatures were too frigid to do a lot of cardio with Brioso, I found I wasn’t so focused on trying to create a bigger more expressive trot, scopier canter and more power.  I could be really honest with myself, how supple was my horse?  I would choose a circle size and try to create a consistent bend from his nostril, through the jaw, neck, through the shoulder, rib cage to his tail. That if I was suspended above, there would be no part of his vertebrae off the track of my circle.  Traveling to the left, Brioso likes to twist is neck and cross his jaw, and not bend his barrel to the left and stretch the right side of his body as easily as to the right.  I lose the solid feeling in the outside rein and have a stiffness in the inside rein.  It’s tempting to just take more inside rein and demand more flexion when you feel the stiffness.   But I tried to just wait out the bending aid, hold the bend for 3-4 strides then release the tension.  Checking every time if Brioso would maintain the inner flexion without me holding the inside rein.  Creating the feeling that every time I would give both hands forward to the mouth, the response was Brioso would lower his neck and follow the bit in a downward way.  If the result of the giving was a higher neck or empty contact or losing the lateral flexion, then I knew he wasn’t supple enough and I had to keep working.

Scott Hassler said the horse should only be flexed/bent within the channel between the points of each shoulder.  So increasing the neck bend beyond this does not produce more suppleness, just a collapsed neck and underutilized muscles.  I felt by having steady, unwavering inner flexion on a bent line I could really assess where the stiffness was.  Did Brioso want to swing his haunches out to avoid bending in the rib cage, did he want to carry the haunches to the inside of the circle, did he fall out onto his outside shoulder?

Then I assessed, does the left flexion feel and look the same as the right?  Can I make a seamless change of direction with no change in neck position or in the contact?  Was Brioso honestly as flexible to the left as he was to the right?  Sure, this isn’t the most exciting work. It’s not riding test movements or pushing for flashy gaits.  But I tell you what… it pays off.

Last weekend Nicholas Fyffe was in the area to do a clinic.  I was cautiously excited to show him our progress…  Keeping Brioso motivated, fit and flexible took some thought and planning with sub-par weather conditions over the winter.  I could only hope I was on the right track, and all the pieces of the training puzzle were there.  When I watched Nicholas ride my horse- I saw shoulder freedom and uphill balance, the makings of a huge extended trot, a canter easily collectable, and a focused intensity in Brioso’s eyes that was so impressive I had tears in my eyes.

Training tip- Addressing the longitudinal and lateral suppleness in your horse is the foundation in producing a dressage athlete.  Sure you can have rides where you focus on “things” like test movements, but these “things” should enhance suppleness and ridability not take away from it.  Assuring that your horse will flex his body equally and honestly in both directions will provide the foundation necessary to train up the levels.


Research projects

El proyecto se propone investigar, recuperar y difundir, en el marco científico, el desarrollo del arte español de las cinco décadas centrales del siglo XX.

Esta propuesta parte de la hipótesis de que, el esplendor artístico y cultural de ese momento, abarcó toda la centuria y no solo la llamada Edad de Plata, denominación reservada por muchos para designar únicamente el brillante primer tercio de siglo.

The primary goal of the project is to determine the characteristics of the different forms of Roman imperialism and the transformation processes brought upon communities and territories. Rome established control mechanisms in those regions before effective military control had been established, and this entailed the dissolution of Iron Age social organization structures and the beginning of a new historical process. This early control, together with the actual submission of land and people which occurred during and after Augustus, enabled the systematic exploitation of rural and mining resources. This approach is based on the extensive research carried out by the group Social Structure and Territory-Landscape Archaeology in the Iron Age and Roman period of the Northwest and West of the Iberian Peninsula.

logo del proyecto

Challenging the traditional understanding of colonial rule in the early modern period, this project proposes a new perspective on how colonial systems of dominance operated, offering an innovative view on mechanisms of governance. Applying interdisciplinary methods, it emphasizes political communication as key element in the creation and consolidation of a system of power. Focussing on the colonial Philippines as a transcontinental cultural contact zone, this project investigates the concept of external threats as a fundamental element of political communication. Thereby...


Aura of Change

I sought the remedy,
and it came without sound.

Quickly, presenting a picture
of what needed
to be done.

Overwhelming tasks
are accomplished in

One, then two,
then infinitely more
to come and

each step, dissolution
and reformulation.

I let the shades drop
one by two, allowance
of new form
through and

edging closer
to the crowning acheivement,
a new grave being dug for passing
fragements of what I could have

Letting them flow,
letting them go,
letting them fly
unto clouds of thought
which change in the wind.

I am blown away.

Mortality of Thought

smooth mountain rising in my dream,
what tales do you bring?

Removed of fir, creatre, and spring,
your stone rises without life.

I dreamt of bulging earth tonight,
without life within or without;

There are few days left to count...


ITALY: Police force elderly hotel owner to house 15 illegal alien Muslim invaders from Africa, against his will

imm_1874817c-1-e1465242571498The hotel’s owner, Luigi Fogli, desperately clings to the door frame at the hotel, in a futile attempt to block the entrance from the mob of strong, young African Muslim freeloaders posing as refugees.

Servizio Pubblico  After the elderly owner is overpowered, the Muslims stream into his lobby, make themselves at home on the sofas, demand the keys to their rooms and ask what’s for dinner.

His daughter tells the police that they will be responsible for the damage the migrants inevitably will cause and it will be their fault if  her father has to be hospitalized due to excessive stress or Muslim violence.

Muslims were here

Muslims were here

The owner was told he would receive fair compensation, but there is no way he can survive on renting out his rooms at 7 Euros per day. He was also told he would be receiving Syrian families, but only African Muslim males showed up.

Confiscations of private property are now common in European countries where asylum fraud is commonplace. Many landowners are forced to rent our their premises, such as empty warehouses or vacant hotel rooms, to Muslim illegal  – against their will.

Most landowners are terrified of the idea of housing these Muslims as they leave a trail of destruction wherever they go, often leaving hotel rooms trashed and uninhabitable within days. Hundreds of cases of fires in refugee shelters or hotel rooms have been documented – either due to carelessness or deliberate arson to receive apartments at better locations.

Face of a dying Nation


Distance from to

Distance from Equatorial Guinea to Mexico

Distance from Equatorial Guinea to Mexico is 12,255 kilometers. This air travel distance is equal to 7,615 miles.

The air travel (bird fly) shortest distance between Equatorial Guinea and Mexico is 12,255 km= 7,615 miles.

If you travel with an airplane (which has average speed of 560 miles) from Equatorial Guinea to Mexico, It takes 13.6 hours to arrive.

Equatorial Guinea

GPS Coordinates (DMS)1° 39´ 2.8800'' N
10° 16´ 4.4400'' E
Altitude944 m
CountryEquatorial Guinea

Equatorial Guinea Distances to Countries

Equatorial GuineaDistance
Distance from Algeria to Equatorial Guinea3,073 km
Distance from United Kingdom to Equatorial Guinea6,101 km
Distance from Equatorial Guinea to Samoa18,644 km

GPS Coordinates23° 38´ 4.2000'' N
102° 33´ 10.0440'' W
Altitude1977 m

Mexico Distances to Countries

Distance from Mali to Mexico10,064 km
Distance from Botswana to Mexico14,643 km
Distance from Martinique to Mexico4,459 km


Weird, water-oozing material could help quench thirst

Image: PNNL researchers saw for the first time a phenomenon that was theorized more than 20 years ago. Shown here is a PNNL illustration of the phenomenon, "solvent cavitation under solvo-phobic confinement," which PNNL researchers saw occur with carbon-rich nanorods they mistakenly created. PNNL's viewing of the phenomenon involved liquid spontaneously evaporating after being confined within tiny spaces in between touching nanorods. Image from S. Nune et al, Nature Nanotechnology, 2016. (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory)

Expectations v. reality

Ordinarily, materials take on more water as the humidity around them increases. But these carbon-rich nanorods – which the researchers mistakenly created while trying to fabricate magnetic nanowires – suddenly expelled a large amount of water as the relative humidity inside the specimen holder reached anywhere between 50 and 80 percent.

Water expulsion can clearly be seen in the microscope video. Water is visible as a gray, cloudy haze – and only emerges from where nanorods intersect. When the team went on to raise the humidity further, the nanorods' weight also increased, indicating they were taking on water again. It was also reversible, with water being ejected and later absorbed as humidity was gradually lowered back down.

Old theory, new evidence

Putting it to good use

Though understanding the nanorods' unexpected behavior is a triumph in itself, the PNNL team also foresees a future where this phenomenon could also improve quality of life. They see their discovery as a potential humanitarian lifesaver, describing it as "a paradigm shift in water purification and separation," in their paper.

To make these applications possible, the team is exploring ways to make more of its nanorods spray water. The team estimates only around 10 to 20 percent of the material spits water right now. The plan is to scale up production of the current material, creating more than a few grams of the material at a time. They will do further analysis to ensure the phenomenon is still present when larger amounts are present. They are also conducting a more detailed examination of the material's physical and chemical properties and determining if other materials that have similar properties. The team is also intrigued by the idea other nanomaterials could potentially be developed to collect other liquids, such as methanol.

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory


YS110 is not YS110a!

Yet again I learned that one of my assumptions was incorrect. SEA & SEA YS110 and YS110a strobes do not behave the same!

I had a pair of YS110 strobes (original owner, pristine condition, a few cosmetic scratches on the housings,willing to sell...) as well as a pair of the follow-on YS110a's (purchased used on eBay - really hammered, they look like they had been dragged behind a pickup truck for a few miles, I would be embarrassed to re-sell...but they work just fine).

The YS110 and YS110a are physically very similar. The talk at the time was that the YS110 had an engineering design flaw that led to poor optical triggering performance (I agree...) and the YS110a was a quick re-issue new model to solve the problem. They both feature 3 flash tubes and the same set of controls. Except the power setting knob on the YS110a had ribs on it and rotates in the opposite direction. For the YS110 "FULL" power is fully counter clockwise. YS110a "FULL" power is fully clockwise.

I had performed all of my initial controller research using a few ancient YS50 strobes. They were purchased real cheap via eBay. Expendable. When it came time to finally create a useable Quench controller I dragged out my current strobes. At that time I was using my YS110's as my main set of strobes. These were part of the bundle of my original purchase of a DX-1G setup. I later purchased a used YS90DX from eBay as a backup strobe. I never used the YS90DX strobe underwater, but on 1 dive trip I did lend it to another diver when they had a failure of one of their YS-D1 strobes. He noted that the opposite rotation of the power knob issue took a few dives to get used to. My pair of YS110a's were purchased afterwards as a potential replacement for my YS110s if they failed. The price was right.

This meant I started testing with my prime YS110s, But while I was coming to grips with the non-linear discharge curve world, I did a random swap with the YS90DX and eventually ended up with the YS110a's for my final calibration tests. So the set of prior posts titled YS110 calibration should really have been titled "YS110a Calibration".

I was alerted to my potential mistake a few days before my dive trip to try out the controller. A post on Scubaboard (or wetpixel?) regarding a YS250 TTL converter caused me to (re)read the manuals for the Sea and Sea TTL N and C converters. I discovered that the YS110 and YS110a required different settings. SEA & SEA documented that the YS110 and YS110a were different.

From the TTL converter manuals, the A, B, C, D setting switches correspond to the following strobes:

  • A: YS110a, YS120
  • B: YS250
  • C: YS90auto, YS90dx, YS90duo, YS60N
  • D: YS110

I was surprised. I had assumed the YS110 and YS110a would provide similar behaviour. Sea & Sea disagreed. They are the experts. And they are correct.

I started the dive trip using my old system without the Quench controller. Mid-week I added my Quench controller. A quick test with a YS110 revealed that it did not perform a full dump when my Quench controller was set to maximum power. Oops. My Quench Controller was programmed for YS110a strobes only. No panic, I packed the YS110's away and dragged out the YS110a's for the rest of the week. Good thing I drag way too much extra stuff on my dive trips...


Quintus Ennius

Quintus Ennius (239 - 169 BC) was a writer during the period of the Roman Republic, and is often considered the father of Roman poetry. Although only fragments of his works survive, his influence in Latin literature was significant.

Ennius' more famous works include: the Epicharmus, the Euhemerus, the Hedyphagetica, Saturae, and the Annals (Annales in Latin).

The Epicharmus presented an account of the gods and the physical operations of the universe. In it, the poet dreamed he had been transported after death to some place of heavenly enlightenment.

The Euhemerus presented a theological doctrine of a vastly different type in a mock-simple prose stylemodelled on the Greek of Euhemerus of Messene and several other theological writers. According to this doctrine, the gods of Olympus were not supernatural powers still actively intervening in the affairs of men, but great generals, statesmen and inventors of olden times commemorated after death in extraordinary ways.

The Hedyphagetica took much of its substance from the gastronomical epic of Archestratus of Gela, a work commonly associated with Epicureanism. The eleven extant hexameters have prosodical features avoided in the more serious Annales.

The remains of six books of Saturae show a considerable variety of metres. There are signs that Ennius varied the metre sometimes even within a composition. A frequent theme was the social life of Ennius himself and his upper-class Roman friends and their intellectual conversation.

The Annals was an epic poem in eighteen books covering Roman history from the fall of Troy in 1184 BC down to the censorship of Cato the Elder in 184 BC. It was the first Latin poem to adopt the dactylic hexameter metre used in Greek epic and didactic, leading it to become the standard metre for these genres in Latin poetry. The Annals became a school text for Roman schoolchildren, eventually supplanted by Virgil's Aeneid. About 600 lines survive.

"The idle mind knows not what it wants." - Ennius

Further reading

O. Skutsch, The Annals of Quintus Ennius (1985)

Fragments of Ennius' Annals (http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/enn.html); text from Wordsworth (1874), line numbering from Warmington (1935)

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.orgs"

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Lubomir Bourdev

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Oren Rippel

Oren holds a Ph.D. from MIT, and was a research fellow at Harvard as part of the Harvard Intelligent Probabilistic Systems group. He specializes in machine learning, with expertise in deep learning and Bayesian optimization. Oren holds a B.Sc. in Combined Honours in Mathematics and Physics from UBC, where he was the valedictorian of his class. Oren is a recipient of the MIT Presidential Graduate Fellowship, was recognized as a Wesbrook Scholar, is a recipient of the Millennium Excellence Award, and was ranked 5th in Canada in the CAP Physics University Prize Competition. He can often be found training in Krav Maga, skiing, and learning new languages.

Trevor Darrell

Professor, UC Berkeley

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Professor, Caltech

Dr. Pietro Perona is the Allen E. Puckett Professor of Electrical Engineering at Caltech. Perona pioneered the study of visual categorization, and is the recipient of the Longuet-Higgins Prize and the Koenderink Prize for fundamental contributions in computer vision. He directs the Computation and Neural Systems Ph.D. program.

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Tags: spintronics

Downloads (1-5 of 5)

  2. Animations of magnetic QCA operation

  3. Non-Local Inverse Spin Hall Effect Experiment

    26 Oct 2014 | Downloads | Contributor(s): Kerem Yunus Camsari, Samiran Ganguly

    The Modular Spintronics Library can be used to model a wide variety of devices and experimental structures. Here we present such an experimental structure that can be used to characterize the...

  4. Non-Local RSO Datta-Das Spin Transistor

    Spin-orbit coupling phenomena in semiconductor materials constitute an important avenue for spintronics. The  "Rashba Effect" that   is commonly observed in III‐V...

  5. Spin Valve Spin-Circuit Model

    29 Nov -0001 | Downloads | Contributor(s): Kerem Yunus Camsari, Samiran Ganguly

    Spin Valves were the first spintronic devices to have been made. They are composed of two magnets spearated by a non-magnetic metallic spacer. The resistance of this device depends on the relative...


Nov 30, 2012

By Marsigit, Yogyakarta State University

In the Critique of Judgment, Kant, 1790, outlined the Critique of Aesthetic Judgment consists of  Analytic of Aesthetic Judgment and Dialectic of Aesthetic Judgment in which to be elaborated also the Analytic of Beautiful includes the kinds of the judgment of taste; and Analytic of Sublime includes the mathematically the sublime and the dynamically sublime in the nature. It was stated in Burnham, 2003, that the predicate “aesthetic” can qualify many different kinds of things: judgments, experiences, concepts, properties, or words. We can understand other aesthetic kinds of things in terms of aesthetic judgments: aesthetic properties are those that are ascribed in aesthetic judgments; aesthetic experiences are those that ground aesthetic judgments; aesthetic concepts are those that are deployed in aesthetic judgments; and aesthetic words are those that are typically used in the linguistic expression of aesthetic judgments.

The document noted that the basic explicit purpose of Kant's Critique of Judgment is to investigate whether the faculty of judgment provides itself with an a  priori principle. Kant assumed that judgment was simply a name for the combined operation of other mental faculties and speculated that the operation of judgment might be organized and directed by a fundamental a priori principle that is unique to it. Kant insisted that the faculty of understanding is that which supplies concepts that is universals, and reason is that which draws inferences e.g. constructs syllogisms, and judgment 'mediates' between the understanding and reason by allowing individual acts of sub-sumption to occur; he then distinguished between determinate and reflective judgments. Aesthetic judgments, according to Kant,  to be a particularly interesting form of reflective judgments.

Burnham, 2003, noted Kant that an aesthetic judgments or judgments of taste must have four key distinguishing features: disinterested, universal, necessary and final without end. It is disinterested because it is pleasurable judgment; it is universal and necessity because it is in fact a product of features of the human mind; and it is purposive without purpose or final without end because it is the concept according to which it was made that an object is purposive if it appears to have such a purpose, or in other word they should affect us as if they had a purpose, although no particular purpose can be found. Having identified the major features of aesthetic judgments, Kant then delivered the questions how such judgments are possible, and are such judgments in any way valid that is, are they really universal and necessary. Kant initially focused on judgments about beauty in nature to answer  what does such a judgment mean, and how does it take place as a mental act; he then needs to clarify the basic features of such judgments and concluded that on aesthetic judgments there must have a number of peculiar features which at first sight look like nothing other than paradoxes that he called  'moments'; the first moment is “disinterested”, the second moment is “universal”, the third moment is “purposiveness”, and the fourth moment is “necessary”

Kant outlined that there are two types of interest that are by way of sensations in the agreeable, and by way of concepts in the good; only aesthetic judgment is free or pure of any such interests. He defined interest as a link to real desire and action, and thus also to a determining connection to the real existence of the object. According to Kant, in the aesthetic judgment, the real existence of the beautiful object is quite irrelevant and  that aesthetic judgments are disinterested. He claimed that judgment results in pleasure, rather than pleasure resulting in judgment; and the aesthetic judgment must concern itself only with form in the object presented, not sensible content. Burnham, 2003, elaborated Kant’s claims that aesthetic judgments behave universally; if we judge a certain landscape to be beautiful, we at least implicitly demand universality in the name of taste

Kant argues that there is always a tendency to see 'beauty' as if it were somehow in the object or the immediate experience of the object and that such a relativist view can not account for the social behavior of our claims about what we find beautiful. Meanwhile, Kant claimed that an object's purpose is the concept according to which it was manufactured; therefore, purposiveness is the property of at least appearing to have been manufactured or designed. Kant concluded that the beautiful has to be understood as purposive, but without any definite purpose because a definite purpose would be either the set of external purposes or the internal purpose. Accordingly, beauty is equivalent neither to utility nor perfection, but is still purposive; in nature, it will appear as purposive with respect to our faculty of judgment, but its beauty will have no ascertainable purpose that is, it is not purposive with respect to determinate cognition. Burnham, 2003, also elaborated Kant’s claims that aesthetic judgments must pass the test of being necessary that the judgment does not either follow or produce a determining concept of beauty, but exhausts itself in being exemplary precisely of an aesthetic judgment.

Burnham, 2003, noted Kant that our faculty or ability to judge consisted of being a mere processor of other, much more fundamental mental presentations that are concepts and intuitions; everything interesting and fundamental happened in the formation of concepts, or in the receiving of intuitions. However, Kant argued that judgment has a fundamental principle that governs it that asserts the purposiveness of all phenomena with respect to our judgment or everything we experience can be tackled by our powers of judgment. Kant claimed that in the case of the beautiful we do notice that this assumption is being made because the beautiful not only draws particular attention to its purposiveness but also has no concept of a purpose available, so that we cannot just apply a concept and be done with it; the beautiful forces us to grope for concepts that we can never find and it is not an alien and disturbing experience, on the contrary, it is pleasurable; the principle of purposiveness is satisfied, but in a new and unique way.

According to Kant, as noted by Burnham, 2003, that the kinds of cognition characteristic of the contemplation of the beautiful are not all that different from ordinary cognition about things in the world; the faculties of the mind are 'understanding' which is responsible for concepts, and  'sensibility' which is responsible for intuitions. Kant argued in aesthetic cognition there is no one determinate concept that pins down an intuition; intuition is allowed some free play and acts in harmony with the lawfulness in general of the understanding as common sense; hence the common sense was plausible as a possible explanation of the tendency to universality observed in aesthetic judgments. Throughout the Four Moments of the Beautiful, Kant elaborated many important clues as to the transcendental account of the possibility of aesthetic judgment e.g. communicability, common sense and the harmony of the cognitive sub-faculties. By deduction Kant explicitly attempted to demonstrate the universal communicability and thus inter-subjective validity of judgments of taste that there is a 'common sense' that humans all must have a kind of sensing ability which operates the same way.

For Kant, as it elaborated by Burnham, 2003, the other basic type of aesthetic experience is the sublime that is idea of absolute totality or absolute freedom, and thus the sublime is a kind of rapid alternation between the fear of the overwhelming and the peculiar pleasure of seeing that overwhelming overwhelmed. According to Kant, the connection between the sublime and morality can be raised up that the whole sublime experience would not be possible if humans had not received a moral training that taught them to recognize the importance of their own faculty of reason. Kant noted that while the beautiful is concerned with form, the sublime may even be formless and while the beautiful indicates a purposiveness of nature that may have profound implications, the sublime appears to be counter-purposive, as well as  although from the above one might expect the sublime experience to be painful in some way, in fact the sublime does still involve pleasure.

Kant, as it elaborated by Burnham, 2003, divides the sublime into the 'mathematical' that is concerned with things that have a great magnitude in and of themselves and the 'dynamically' that is things that have a magnitude of force in relation to us, particularly our will. He defined mathematical sublime as something absolutely large that is large beyond all comparison; objects of sense are called 'sublime' only by a kind of covert sleight-of-hand. According to Kant, the sublime experience has two-layer process that are  a contra-purposive layer in which our faculties of sense fail to complete their task of presentation, and a strangely purposive layer in which this very failure constitutes a 'negative exhibition' of the ideas of reason which could not otherwise be presented. Kant insisted that in the dynamically sublime a 'might' or power is observed in nature that is irresistible with respect to our bodily or sensible selves; in particular, nature is called 'sublime merely because it elevates the imagination to the exhibition of those cases wherein the mind can be made to feel the sublimity that is proper to its vocation. Kant suggested, as noted by Burnham,2003, that the sublimity belongs to human freedom which is unassailable to the forces of nature; such a conception of freedom as being outside the order of nature, but demanding action upon that order.

Kant, as noted by Burnham, 2003, argued that art can be tasteful and yet be soulless that certain something would make it more than just an artificial version of a beautiful natural object and what provides soul in fine art is an aesthetic idea that is a counterpart to a rational idea that is a concept that could never adequately be exhibited sensibly. According to Kant, an aesthetic idea is as successful an attempt as possible to 'exhibit' the rational idea that is the talent of genius to generate aesthetic ideas, but that is not all; the mode of expression must be tasteful because the understanding's 'lawfulness' is the condition of the expression being in any sense universal and capable of being shared and the genius must find a mode of expression which allows a viewer not just to 'understand' the work conceptually but also to reach something like the same excited yet harmonious state of mind that the genius had in creating.

Kant begins by giving a long clarification of art. As a general term, again, art refers to the activity of making according to a preceding notion. If I make a chair, I must know, in advance, what a chair is. We distinguish art from nature because (though we may judge nature purposive) we know in fact there is no prior notion behind the activity of a flower opening. The flower doesn't have an idea of opening prior to opening - the flower doesn't have a mind or a will to have or execute ideas with. Kant subdivided arts into mechanical and aesthetic; the former are those which never-the-less are controlled by some definite concept of a purpose to be produced and the latter are those wherein the immediate object is merely pleasure itself; and therefore, Kant distinguished between agreeable and fine art, the former produces pleasure through sensation alone and the latter through various types of cognitions. Accordingly, fine art is a type of purposeful production and its production according to a concept of an object but it has no concept adequate to its production; else any judgment on it will fail one of the key features of all aesthetic judgments: namely purposiveness without a purpose and fine art therefore must both be, and not be, an art in general (Burnham, 2003)

Kant, as noted by Burnham, 2003, defined genius as the talent that gives the rule to art that is the innate mental predisposition through which nature gives the rule to art; therefore, talent is an innate productive ability of the artist and as such belongs itself to nature. Kant noted that fine art is produced by individual humans, but not as contingent individuals that is not by human nature in the empirically known sense; and fine art as aesthetic can have no definite rules or concepts for producing or judging it as well as that  the rule supplied by genius is more a rule governing what to produce, rather than how. Kant then concluded that while all fine art is a beautiful 'presentation' of an object, this partly obscures the fact that genius is involved in the original creation of the object to be presented; genius provides the matter for fine art while taste provides the form and the beautiful is always formal. He insisted that the aesthetic idea is a presentation of the imagination to which no thought is adequate and this is a 'counterpart' to rational ideas which are thoughts to which nothing sensible or imagined can be adequate. Kant concluded that the cognition involved in judging fine art is similar to the cognition involved in judging natural beauty.

  1. Sumandri
    S2 Pendidikan Matematika D 2016

    Estetika yang berasal dari bahasa Yunani "aisthetika" berarti hal-hal yang dapat diserap oleh pancaindra. Oleh karena itu, estetika sering diartikan sebagai persepsi indra (sense of perception). Berdasarkan pendapat umum, estetika diartikan sebagai suatu cabang filsafat yang memperhatikan atau berhubungan dengan gejala yang indah pada alam dan seni. Meskipun awalnya sesuatu yang indah dinilai dari aspek teknis dalam membentuk suatu karya, namun perubahan pola pikir dalam masyarakat akan turut memengaruhi penilaian terhadap keindahan. Perkembangan lebih lanjut menyadarkan bahwa keindahan tidak selalu memiliki rumusan tertentu. Ia berkembang sesuai penerimaan masyarakat terhadap ide yang dimunculkan oleh pembuat karya. Karena itulah selalu dikenal dua hal dalam penilaian keindahan, yaitu the beauty, suatu karya yang memang diakui banyak pihak memenuhi standar keindahan, dan the ugly, suatu karya yang sama sekali tidak memenuhi standar keindahan dan oleh masyarakat banyak biasanya dinilai buruk, namun jika dipandang dari banyak hal ternyata memperlihatkan keindahan.

  2. Nama : Irna K.S.Blegur
    Nim : 16709251064
    kelas : PM D 2016(PPS)

    Pada bab pertama Critique of Pure Reason, terdapat pembahasan tentang estetika. Masyarakat awam biasa menggunakan istilah ini sebagai ungkapan apresiatif terhadap keindahan dan seni. Kant menggunakan istilah ini bukan dengan pengertian tersebut. Dalam Critique of Pure Reason, istilah estetika mengacu pada pengertian studi tentang persepsi yang ditangkap melalui indera secara langsung.
    Kant membagi estetika menjadi dua bagian, yaitu aspek intuitif dan aspek konseptual. Persepsi dalam pengertian Kant dianggap sebagai ‘data mentah’ yang hanya mencapai suatu keteraturan dan pengertian lewat konseptualisasi.
    Kant juga memberikan pengertiannya yang khas dalam memahami kata ‘intuisi’. Alih – alih menggunakan pengertian umum—yang berarti merupakan pengetahuan naluriah—Kant mengartikan intuisi sebagai proses penerimaan ‘data mentah’ pengetahuan dari pengalaman tanpa melalui konseptualisasi. Dalam hal ini, penulis menggunakan istilah ‘Intuisi’ sebagai terjemahan Bahasa Indonesia dari ‘Intuition’ dalam Bahasa Inggris (terjemahan Norman Kemp Smith terhadap istilah Jerman, ‘Anschauung’), alih – alih menggunakan istilah ‘pengalaman/pengetahuan langsung’ yang menurut penulis kurang pas. Intuisi yang dimaksudkan oleh Kant di sini hanya merujuk pada suatu kondisi pengamatan sesuatu, tanpa konseptualisasi terhadap data tersebut. (Herho, 2016)

    Herho, Sandy. H.S. (2016). Critique Of Pure Reason: Sebuah Pengantar. Bandung : Perkumpulan Studi Ilmu Kemasyarakatan ITB

  3. Saepul Watan
    S2 P.Mat Kelas C 2016

    Bismilahir rahmaanir rahiim..
    Assalamualaikum wr..wb...

    Estetika adalah salah satu cabang filsafat yang membahas tentang keindahan, bagaimana keindahan bisa terbentuk, dan bagaimana supaya dapat merasakannya. Dalam Burnham 2003 dijelaskan berbagai syarat dalam estetika yaitu: penilaian, pengalaman, konsep, property atau kata-kata. Hal ini berarti bahwa dalam menilai sebuah estetika atau keindahan dapat dilihat dari berbagai sudut pandang yang berbeda misalnya pada masa romantisme di Perancis, keindahan berarti kemampuan menyajikan sebuah keagungan, sedangkan pada masa realisme, keindahan berarti kemampuan menyajikan sesuatu dalam keadaan apa adanya. Pada masa maraknya de Stijl di Belanda, keindahan berarti kemampuan memadukan warna dan ruang serta kemampuan mengabstraksi benda. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa keindahan itu bersifat relative tergantung dari syarat atai sudut andang mana yang hendak kita gunakan.

  4. Wahyu Lestari
    PPs P.Matematika Kelas D

    Estetika adalah salah satu cabang filsafat. Secara sederhana, estetika adalah ilmu yang membahas keindahan, bagaimana ia bisa terbentuk, dan bagaimana seseorang bisa merasakannya.Definisi estetika secara rinci, mencakup: Ilmu pengetahuan tentang pengamatan indrawi, Renungan filosofis tentang seni/ filsafat seni, Tidak hanya menyelidiki yang indah, tapi juga yang buruk, Membicarakan masalah cita rasa/ selera


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Our Mission

Our kuleana is to cultivate, protect, and perpetuate the cultural practices, knowledge, and traditions of nā kūpuna through the teachings of hula, language, chant, protocols, music, and history for those who have a desire to learn from the heart, nurture Hawaiian practices with integrity, and live a life of Hawaiian core values; and to unite people, organizations, and resources to build a stronger Hawai`i community in the National Capitol region.


Love Or Loyalty

Love Or Loyalty

Which one of these are you? Which one do you represent the most? Take this quiz to find out!

published on January 17, 201473 responses 14 5.0★ / 5

What do you see in this picture?

What do you see in this picture?
An unbreakable love
An unbreakable loyalty

Which one of these planets do you prefer?

Two dolphins leap together near the shore, what do you see them as?

Choose a color

You see a squirrel protecting its friend's body by hungry crows, what do you think

It must be dedicating it's loyalty to his friend to do anything to protect his friend, even if it means dying
His love for his friend is strong and unbreakable and he is doing his best to maintain the bond

You see your friend in trouble in the midst of war, what will you prefer to do?

Protect my friend with the bond we've shared
I will do my best, even if it means death

Would you ever do anything terrible?

Only if it breaks my soul
Only if it breaks my heart

Which is more important?

Your heart
Your soul

Which one of these animals holds the most value to you?

Swan, their strong love never breaks and they love for life no matter what
Horse, their loyalty is unbreakable and they will do anything for their master

You see a swan and a wolf fighting, who do you hope wins the battle?


A recent conference report on the buildup of complex organic molecules from some mauled "Ursuppe" raised expectations about alien life, so possibly about ETI's too. As long ago as at the dawn of modern physics, Huygens even wrote a book about that. But would alien civilisations nessessarily develop advanced technology and sciences? I doubt this. Even Kant estimated that the discovery of science needs, aside intelligence whose advancement may be an automatic result of any evolutionary process, some set of special "synthetic apriories". Nicolai Hartmann, a forgotten but interesting neokantian philosopher, later described a "categorial dynamics" analyzing the development of such basic concepts. The emergence of science in our history seems to me as caused by a series of singular events which could easily have been disrupted for ever. Aside the idea of science and it's relation to mathematics as mental model, the invention of a scientific community was IMO such a singular event. Perhaps it is an invention by Descartes? When I read some weeks ago in his texts, I had the idea that he first estimated the minimum lenght of research for reaching his goals (ca. 500 years until an understanding of the mind-body problem) and looked for means to extend his personal life for achieving that by himself. The concept of a scientific community with it's special way to communicate according to certain standarts was perhaps only a substitute he propagated when it dawned him that he would never harvest the fruits of the tree he planted.

Conc. Seti, one reads often about how messages sent should be cleverly encrypted for reaching only clever aliens. I guess that would communicate only - like communicative complicatednesses in general - a sickness of the mind behind the message. Communicating existence only would be very little and civilizations detecting that would wonder why we don't tell something more of interest. Most interesting would be astronomical data from our satellites and details of our biology and ecosystems. Only a detailed understanding of biology would make an understanding of anything involving culture possible. So the IMO only reasonable way to proceed would be to transmit such data for a very long time and see if that attracts responses (like cheese in a mousetrap). The signals would have to be detectable for civilizations able to undertake such data exchanges over centuries. But such data would be of interest for a civilization only because our universe and the biologies in it are the single source of really interesting information. If more developed civilizations have other and easier to handle with sources of that, they would lose an interest in the physical universe and would invest nothing in Seti.

Perhaps we are for communication purposes just too weird in comparison with the universe's average ETI? This idea of lucubrating black holes may fit better. Perhaps one should look for "TI's", not "ETI's", but unfortunately the real TI became extinct ca. 10,000 years ago. That's what two well known neurologists published some time ago, speculating about findings at the beginning 20th century indicating the existence of a very large brained version of homo sapiens in south africa ca. 70,000 -10,000 years ago. Their reconstructions show them with a ca. 30% overall bigger brain, ca. 50% larger prefrontal cortex, than modern humans. It is amusing to wonder about the implications, if that becomes verified by further diggs some time. Those „Boskops“ - the real "TI's" - would have differed from us as we do from the homo erectus.


The artists Cynthia Beth Rubin and Yona Verwer tackle the Jewish American immigration experience of the Lower East Side in a series of banners and augmented digital prints in their show on Governor’s Island, “ARt, ARchitecture and AR: Jewish Art & Augmented Reality,” presented by Art Kibbutz. They include depictions of local synagogues, buildings and symbols posing a world of memory, loss and religious persecution. However, the images also reflect a particularly American optimism rooted in that experience still fondly remembered today.

The term “augmented reality” refers to a computer imaging technology embedded within selected prints. This may be accessed by using an electronic reader provided in the gallery. Digital imagery of sea life, snippets of oratory performed by Lower East Side historian Elissa Sampson, and music composed by Bob Gluck add to a greater understanding of the exhibition.

The artists began by researching the histories of the synagogues, art works and adjacent neighborhood residences for visual inspiration. They consulted medieval manuscripts with illustrations and texts, many in Hebrew. They initially scanned the imagery and applied digital ink and acrylic paint in alternating layers. The compositions were then rescanned into their final form. The entire activity is a complex one and by fusing collaborative workshop practices, historical graphics and ideas of contemporary abstraction, each work evolves into a rich multi-faceted visual experience.

The banners explore traditional synagogue mural iconography, which tie Zodiac symbols to the corresponding months of the Jewish Calendar. In “Shvat and Stanton St. Shul (Aquarius, February),” “Cheshvan, Stanton Street Shul (Scorpio, November)” and “Sivan and the Stanton Street Shul (Gemini, June),” all 2015, the artists employ non-human representations. These parallel traditional Jewish art practices, where animals, fish, birds and trees were often used as primary subject matter due to the dictates of the Second Commandment. These non-human characters carry allegorical and narrative associations, such as the turtle doves of Noah’s Ark (Sivan), or fish and turtles depicted as souls in transition (Cheshvan), or trees portrayed as stewards of the environment (Shvat) as related to Tu Bishvat, the Jewish variant of Arbor day.

The exhibition poses a world not easily forgotten; one of courage and belief, but also of imagination. The works employ symbols of the past, but also announce their own origins via the hyper-modernity of computer technology. By their very nature they seem to declare that identity itself, like Jewish American identity, must be considered as an act of creative vision. The burning crucible of past, present and future so apparent in Jewish experience is expertly mirrored by the pictorial tensions and unities made manifest here. Looking at the past through a modern lens poses the question, “What is the Jewish American experience, today?” and the response in this creative venue merits our highest intellectual, historical and aesthetic considerations.

“ARt, ARchitecture and AR: Jewish Art & Augmented Reality” is next on view on Sunday, September 18th, 11 am to 6 pm, Nolan Park, 6B, Governors Island, in the Art Kibbutz Gallery.

Joel Silverstein is an artist, critic, curator and teacher. He has exhibited at Pratt Institute, Columbia/Barnard, the Jerusalem Biennial, 2015 and has written over 60 articles and exhibition catalogs. He is a founding member of the Jewish Art Salon and has currently curated “JOMIX; Jewish Comics-Art & Derivation” at the Sid Jacobson JCC Greenvale New York, September 25th through December 4th.


As part of a scheduled conference to discuss their 2015 operating results, Lufthansa’s CEO  Carsten Spohr has suggested that Lufthansa will not accept additional A320neo until a known engine bug is resolved.

Earlier this year, LH took delivery of their first A320neo and put it into service even as a relatively minor issue existed with the Pratt and Whitney that is available as an option on the aircraft.    The issue itself is relatively minor.   In order for the engine to reach operating temperature and tolerances, it must first warm up for approximately 5 minutes before throttle can be applied so that the aircraft can move under its own power.  This creates nothing more than a minor inconvenience at the gate at departure.   Pratt and Whitney is working on a solution and they expect engines delivered beginning this June to no longer have this issue and will retrofit existing engines to correct the issue.

In the mean time, LH’s decision is to delay the 4 other A320neo aircraft set to be delivered this year until the issue is resolved.   The one A320neo that is in service is operating as expecting, with the engines experiencing 99% reliability and the aircraft is delivering a 20% decrease in operating costs compared to the previous generation of A320 aircraft.

Because of the engine issue, LH is only operating its sole A320neo primarily between Frankfurt and Hamburg which by no coincidence are Lufthansa’s 2 largest maintenance bases so that if any work needs to be done on the new aircraft, it is never far from a mechanic.    Lufthansa stated that this was a major factor in delaying the new A320s.    Had LH continued to take delivery of more A320neo aircraft with this engine issue, they would have been forced to deploy engineers at all of the A320neo destinations in the event repairs were needed.

No specific date was given for the delivery of the next A320neo to Lufthansa.


Nevada Division of Environmental Protection
  State of Nevada
Division of Environmental Protection
  Bureau of Air Quality Planning
You are here: State of NV > DCNR > NDEP > BAQP > Mobile, Smoke and Area Sources

Mobile, Smoke and Area Sources Branch

The Mobile, Smoke, and Area Sources Branch is responsible for implementing programs that enhance air quality and limit emissions from several diverse sources.

Mobile Sources

Mobile sources are primarily on-road motorized vehicles including cars, trucks, buses, and motorcycles, but also include non-road equipment such as construction and recreational equipment. Emissions from mobile sources are controlled through the following programs:

Smoke Management

Smoke generated through prescribed burning operations and fire training is a concern to air quality planners. The purpose of the Nevada Smoke Management Program is to coordinate and facilitate the statewide management of prescribed outdoor burning in the state of Nevada. Under the program, land management agencies and other organizations planning prescribed burns must obtain a permit from the NDEP and conduct their operations in manner that mitigates smoke impacts. This includes igniting burns only under favorable fuel moisture and meteorological conditions; using trained crews; monitoring for potential smoke impacts; and considering alternatives to burning where appropriate.

Area Sources

The 1990 Clean Air Act (CAA) Amendments established a new and fairly complex program to regulate emissions of 188 hazardous air pollutants (HAPS) from particular industrial sources and small businesses called area sources. The Area Sources program issues Class IV Air Quality Operating Permits to affected businesses and industries that require the permit holder to follow federal regulations intended to control HAP emissions. A few examples of the businesses and their corresponding HAPs that are regulated under the Area Sources program are: gasoline dispensing and bulk storage facilities for benzene; dry cleaning establishments for perchloroethylene; certain metal processing and fabrication facilities for hazardous metals; and several other area sources.

What's New

Applicable Class 4 Area Source documentation and applications


2. Choose an Approach

Save time and resources by thinking through how best to approach the assessment based on your project scope, scale and resilience goals.

Where does this step fit?

The ART Program uses assessment questions to systematically and efficiently gather information about existing conditions, and the causes and components of vulnerability and consequences for a wide variety of assets. The ART Program team has tested and refined the questions in projects of various scopes and scales. Reviewing the assessment questions and guidance for this step will help you quickly develop and get agreement on an assessment approach that is appropriate to the needs of your project.

For example, the agreed upon approach should explicitly define the scale, or degree of detail, of the assessments conducted for each type of asset or sector. The assessment scale can range from asset-specific analyses, to a broad, sector-wide review. For sectors with numerous, similar assets, a detailed look at a few representative assets is an appropriate approach to take.

The other important component of this step, the selection of climate scenarios, can be shaped by multiple factors: the climate impacts being evaluated; the availability of data and mapping; the planning objectives of the project team and working group; and the project resilience goals. The ART Supplies provide guidance and recommendations that simplify a task that many find challenging.

Outcomes of this step

  • An approach for answering assessment questions that identifies who is responsible for gathering data and information; the assessment scale for each asset or sector; and how assessment answers will be organized and shared with working group members
  • A non-technical summary of the proposed climate scenarios that describes the basis for their selection and use in the exposure analysis

ART Supplies for this step

Additional information referenced in this step:


Country star Jimmy C. Newman dies at 86

Singer Jimmy C. Newman has died at the age of 86. The Grand Ole Opry performer passed away on Saturday (21Jun14) at a Nashville, Tennessee hospital following a brief illness.
Newman began his career as a country music artist, but went on to become well known in the cajun and hillbilly musical genres.
In 1976, he earned a Gold Record in Canada for his recording of Lache pas la patate (The Potato Song) and he was also nominated for a Grammy Award in 1991 for his album Alligator Man.
He was inducted into the North American Country Music Association’s International Hall of Fame in 2000 and The Louisiana Music Hall of Fame in 2009.
His last album, Jimmy C. Newman Sings Swamp Country, was released in 2012.


Kinetica Museum | Kinetica Artfair | Kinetica Enterprises |

Aphra Shemza

Aphra Shemza, an emerging artist, explores and experiments with multi-media, film and kinetic based installations. Her work focuses on abstract, geometric and scientific research, which often involves the interaction of the human body.

Composition X demonstrates a sphere within a pyramid within a square, alluding to Kepler’s Platonic Universe, a Platonic solid model of the solar-centered system, found in his Mysterium Cosmographicum (1596).

The ultrasonic sensors of Composition X, measure the visitors’ distance from the work, according to their location in the space, the LEDs turn on or off progressively from the outer cube, towards the pyramid, and through to the inner shape of the sphere - the core. As a result, this draws one into the centre of the work, providing a doorway into a three-dimensional infinite illusion seen through mirrored reflection. The viewers’ physical interactivity turns them into active participants and this not only further develops the work but creates it: the closer they get, the more they see.

The work has the power to allure the observer by way of an abstract choreography of concealment versus revealment. By acting out the walk towards the work, this also changes his/her role from, a passive observer to an active maker, embracing notions of performativity, dialogue and interchange between them.

Aphra Shemza is a Kinetica Museum Oxygen artists member.


Bibico works with two women's cooperatives that are both fair trade certified by the World Fair Trade Organization (WFTO). The cooperatives provide women with training, education and work, empowering them to move themselves and their children forward and out of the world of poverty. In addition, with a focus on sustainability, all materials used to make their garments are 100% natural and have introduced an organic cotton collection to reduce the impact clothing production has on the environment.


Journal article

Time-resolved Rayleigh scattering of excitons: Evidence for level repulsion in a disordered system

The theory of resonant Rayleigh scattering of light by excitons in a disordered quantum structure is presented. Disorder is modeled by a random Gauss distributed potential with finite correlation length in space. The time dependent scattered si,anal under pulsed excitation is studied by solving the Schrodinger equation for the exciton center-of-mass motion. The key quantity turns out to be the distribution of energy level distances weighted by the optical matrix elements. The limit of classical center-of-mass motion is derived analytically, while large-scale simulations are performed for the general case. The results show that the quantum-mechanical nature of the exciton motion is responsible for an oscillating behavior of the time dependent intensity. The oscillations originate from an interplay between the quantum-mechanical energy-level repulsion and the correlation induced by the finite correlation length of the disorder. [S0163-1829(99)10031-6].

Related material


US opens skies for drones

US opens skies for drones
It’s a bird, it’s a plane, no it’s an unmanned drone. Now over the US too.

Earlier this week the US Congress passed a bill that would send aviation in America to the next generation. Therefore making unmanned drone sightings more prevalent in the US.

The bill expedites the transition from radar technology to GPS technology and requires the Federal Aviation Administration to open the US skies to drone flights by September 20 of 2015.

The bill which has struggled to get passed for the last five years grants military, commercial and private unmanned aerial vehicles amplified access to US airspace.

The bill allots $63.4 billion for the FAA over a four year period and $11 billion of the sum will go toward the air traffic system and its transformation. The FAAwill be required to propose a plan on how to securely provide drones with extended access.

The bill also speeds up the modernization program by setting a deadline of June 2015 for the FAA to develop new arrival procedures in 35 of America’s demanding airports. This will allow aircraft to land using the more-precise GPS navigation.

The bill is "the best news that the airline industry ever had," Senator Jay Rockefeller, proclaimed to the Chicago Tribune.

According to the Chicago Tribune, the new system is vital to the FAA's strategy for accommodating a forecast 50 percent growth in air traffic over the next decade and currently the US makes up 35 percent of global commercial air traffic.

In an article by Forbes, the use of these unmanned drones would make it easy for companies like Google to ditch the street view and easily transition “Google street drone view.”

Many critics feel it would be easy for a large corporation to easily sponsor an unmanned drone for advertising purposes.

And not everyone is as excited as Google and Rockefeller for the new bill.

The American Civil Liberties Union doesn’t see a real need for unmanned drones to hover around all over the US.

The ACLU went on to say that Congress needs to address these privacy concerns with rules that will protect the American people.

Along with the ACLU many critics believe drones will have a lot less flexibility when it comes to crashing, and many hope that lawmakers’ error on the side of caution.


A Female Fagin (1913) - Watch Online.

Genres Crime     Drama     Short
Country USA
Language English
Plot Grace, a worker at a dry goods counter, discovers that two of her co workers are stealing from their customers. After she investigates the crimes, she finds that they are the proteges of a 'female Fagen' named Rosy Rosalsky, who runs a school for theves. The police crack down on Rosy and the girls are reformed.... search for A Female Fagin on IMDb

For the moment we have no streaming links for A Female Fagin, but our spiders are searching the whole internet for this Crime, Drama, Short USA Movie


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Arpino, the town of Cicero

The origins of Arpino go back at the beginning of time. Legend has it that the town together with other Ciociarian towns (Alatri, Ferentino, Atina, Anagni) was founded by Saturn, the patron god of harvesting. Its first inhabitants have been identified with the mythical Pelasgians, the pre-Hellenic people who are believed to be the builders of the huge fortifications called “cyclopean...

The Holy House of Loreto, outside the Basilica

An ancient tradition claims that the walls of the Shrine came from Nazareth, Galilee - the Holy House is the same House where Mary, Our Lady was born, grew, and received the angelic announcement. Loreto is a typical example of a Shrine that gave rise to a town; over the centuries, the vicissitudes of the city overlapped those of...

Gaeta: the wet-nurse of Aeneas

In Roman mythology, Caieta was the wet-nurse of Aeneas. The Roman poet Vergil locates her grave on the bay at Gaeta, to which she also gives her name. Rising on the spur of Monte Orlando is Gaeta, a maritime republic and holiday resort area since ancient Roman times, as evidenced by various vestiges remaining in the territory. Today's Gaeta is a bathing resort of the middle Tyrrhenian. The village, "Borgo", developed...

Montecassiano medieval village

Montecassiano is located in the Italian region of Le Marche, in the Province of Macerata. This charming place is best known for its medieval buildings and architecture along with historic sights, which is the main tourist attraction. Founded in the 5th century, perhaps by people fleeing from the near Roman town Ricina, Montecassiano stands on the top of a hill at 215...

The town is situated on a small island at the southern entrance to the Lagoon of Venice. Chioggia and Sottomarina were not prominent in antiquity, although they are first mentioned in Pliny as the fossa Clodia. Local legend attributes this name to its founding by a Clodius, but the antiquity of this belief is not known. The name of the town...

San Gemini in Umbria Region

San Gemini, original pre-roman town called Casventum in Roman times, took on the present name in the 9th century, when a monk called Gemine from Syria began to preach there, instructing and doing so much good that the town became known as the city of "St. Gemine". Enjoying the favour of the Papal State, it became a township, and representing...

Norcia medieval town

Norcia: the heart, tradition and taste of Umbria Norcia was founded by the Sabines, set against the Sibylline Mountains. According to historians the area was inhabited right from the Neolithic age but the first records of continuous settlement date back to the 8th century BC. It really developed at the end of the 5th century BC and its name came from the Etruscan name “Norsia” (the name...

The abbey of Casamari

Some pictures of Todi Medieval Town

"With its extraordinarily beautiful historic centre, the cradle of Medieval civilisation, Todi has preserved excellent examples of Etruscan, Roman and Renaissance culture. Museums, churches, palaces and buildings, streets and alleyways: just look around to relive its dreamlike atmosphere, echoes of its distant past."   According to ancient legend, Todi was founded in 2707 B.C. by the Veii-Umbri tribe, which had settled...

Ascoli Piceno, some pictures

Piazza del Popolo “People’s Square” assumed its current rectangular aspect in the first half of the 1500’s with the addition of graceful columned porticoes which served to keep the disorderly artisans’ workshops hidden from view. They formed an aesthetic link with the massive pre-existent medieval buildings, the Captains’ Palace and the Church of S. Francesco. The result is an asset...

Some pictures of Spello medieval town

After the Ancient Umbrii who according to many historians founded Spello, came the Romans who called the colony Julia Hispellum (circa 41 BC) and gave impetus to the town's most important historical period. After the fall of the Roman Empire the town was destroyed by the Ostrogoths led by Totila and became part of the Longobard Duchy of Spoleto....

San Ginesio medieval town in Marche Region

San Ginesio is called “Balcone di Sibillini” because from the highest points of the old town centre it is possible to admire a breathtaking view from Monte Conéro to the Sibillini Mountains. San Ginesio lies on a hill at an elevation of 696 m. During the Middle Ages it was one of the most important communes of the Marca...

Abbazia di Santa Croce di Sassovivo

The Abbazia di Sassovivo is located only a few kilometres from Foligno. It is one of the oldest examples of the Benedictine presence in the Spoletina valley. The abbey complex is enclosed by defence walls and is built around two courtyards (cloisters) surrounded by buildings that have been added over the years. The first of the cloisters is on the...

Bevagna medieval town

An ancient Umbrian centre, the first documentation of it coincides with the Roman conquest of Umbria, when the Romans took over the area and built the western Via Flaminia (220 BCE) and other roads connecting to it. In the year 90 BCE, the town became an important Roman municipality by the name of Mevania. In 1439 it became part...

Caldarola and Pallotta Castle – Region Marche

Caldarola owes its name to the latin term “CALIDARIUM” , which would mean the room with a “bath tub full of hot water” coming from thermal baths. Local tradition dates the town origins back to the 4th century A.D., when a group of Christian people, escaped to persecutions and reached the “colle del cuculo”-Colcù- (lit. cuckoo hill), would built...

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    Bitcoin offers what no other currency can. Access to everyone, everywhere. What this means is that right now it is possible for civilians living in Iran to donate to the anti-war movement in the US, and it is possible for civilians in the US to donate to the relief efforts in the coun...


Slide On The Dotted Line To Riffle Your Way Through An iBook [iOS Tips]

Riffle me this.
Riffle me this.

When reading an iBook on your iPad or iPhone, you typically tap the right side of the page to go forward, and tap the left side of the page to go backward, right? If you want to skip to a different part of the iBook, you can tap on the table of contents button in the upper left and tap to the chapter you want to go to.

How do you quickly navigate more than one page forward or backward, though? With a real book, you just flip through the pages until you find the one you’re looking for. In iBooks, you don’t riffle through pages, but you can navigate quickly and visually to other portions of the book.


Trump reverses course on Syria

The United States attacked Syria last week, launching dozens of cruise missiles against Syrian targets in retaliation for chemical gas attacks against civilians. While many, including Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, applauded the show of resolve in defense of international law and norms, the resort to force raises fundamental questions about foreign policy in the administration of U.S. President Donald Trump. It is not clear how decisions are made in the U.S. government, nor is there clarity about Washington’s strategy regarding use of its formidable military. Without answers to those questions, and especially the latter one, the use of force is likely to cause more problems than it solves.

In the early hours of Friday, 59 Tomahawk cruise missiles struck the Shayrat air base in central Syria. The missiles, fired from two warships in the Mediterranean Sea, targeted the base from which the Damascus government allegedly launched sarin gas attacks against civilians earlier in the week, attacks that killed scores of people, dozens of them children. The strikes were “a proportional response” to “a heinous act,” said a Pentagon spokesman, and surgical: nearby facilities reportedly house more chemical weapons and hitting them would create a chemical catastrophe.

The attacks are a turnabout by Trump. Five years ago, Trump warned then U.S. President Barack Obama against getting involved in the Syrian conflict, even after the Syrian government was charged with using chemical weapons against civilians. Trump argued throughout the campaign that the U.S. should not be involved in the Syrian conflict; he insisted that the top U.S. priority should be the fight against Islamic State radicals, a battle in which beleaguered Syrian President Bashar Assad was an ally.

Days before the attacks, senior U.S. government officials were saying that Trump was prepared to let Assad stay in office, calling it “a political reality that we have to accept.” That statement was followed by the gas attacks, which Trump then described as “one of the truly egregious crimes,” and a “disgrace to humanity” that crossed “a lot of lines.” When asked what that means about Assad, Trump replied that “I guess he’s running things, so something should happen,” a statement that Secretary of State Rex Tillerson translated as “It would seem there would be no role for him to govern the Syrian people.” Before the missile strike, Tillerson added that “steps are underway” for the U.S. to lead an international effort to remove Assad. It is not clear whether he was referring to the attacks or something more.

The air strikes represent a reversal in policy in another critical way. They have undermined cooperation with Russia, a key backer of Assad, and a government that the Trump administration had identified as a partner in the fight against the Islamic State group. Russia has staunchly defended its Syrian client, insisting that the chemical attack was the result of a Syrian government assault on a rebel warehouse that held chemical weapons.

A spokesperson for Russian President Vladimir Putin said Putin considers the U.S. air strikes “an aggression against a sovereign country violating the norms of international law, and under a trumped-up pretext at that.” Tillerson countered that Russia was “complicit or simply incompetent” in efforts to ensure that Syria honored its 2013 pledge to get rid of its arsenal of chemical weapons. Russia responded by suspending an airspace safety memorandum with the U.S. that allowed the two militaries to avoid conflict while attacking targets in Syria. Given the deep embedding of Russian forces with those of Syria, the odds of a U.S. attack generating Russian casualty have now increased. (And if the U.S. notified the Russian military of the strikes ahead of time as the agreement required, that would explain reports that there was minimal damage to Syrian forces.)

This mingling of forces is a reminder of the dangers risked by a more aggressive policy against the Syrian government. Equally troubling are the gyrations and reversals of U.S. policy. Chemical weapons should never be used and atrocities against civilian populations should be punished. But the U.S. has been signaling that the Middle East is not a U.S. fight and the Trump administration would not intervene in the Syrian civil war. That may likely have been interpreted by the Damascus government as a green light. Washington has to indicate to adversaries where its red lines are so that they, and other concerned parties, will know the potential consequences of actions. Without a clear and articulated strategy, diplomacy is ad hoc, reactive and potentially quite dangerous.

Some will argue that the timing was also important in that it sent a signal to Chinese President Xi Jinping, whom Trump was hosting for a summit when he launched the attacks, that U.S. tolerance is limited and that Beijing should do more to help rein in Pyongyang. That may be a side benefit of the U.S. action last week, but the situations in Syria and North Korea are too different to warrant much comparison. Rather than trying to intimidate partners, the Trump administration would do well to develop a coherent and consistent foreign policy, one that transcends the anger and understandable outrage of the U.S. president.