How Blockchain could revolutionize Ethical and Sustainable Fashion

In the recent years interest in supply chains has risen drastically and significantly in the fashion industry, a global trillion dollar sector devoted to the business of making and selling apparel, footwear and accessories. The fashion industry provides employment to approximately 100 million people across the globe, directly and indirectly. (Source: McKinsey &Company report the State of Fashion ,2019 .com/ industries/retail/our-insights/the-state-of-fashion-2019-a-year-of-awakening).

With thousands of companies manufacturing apparel the industry remains the second biggest polluter of the environment. Reeling from issues of human rights violations in overcrowded factories, high levels of pollution caused by chemical dyes and synthetic fibres, massive overproduction of clothes and poor waste management the industry is in dire need of transformation (Source: en/story/ 2019 /03/ 1035161 ).Today ethical fashion advocates and consumers are becoming more demanding in asking how their clothes are made, with what fabrics, by whom and under what conditions. ( /sites/andriacheng/2019/10/17/more-consumers-want-sustainable-fashion-but-are-brands-delivering-it/#72e7d04534a5 This has caused a need for the players in the fashion industry to examine their supply chains.

A fashion supply chain traces all parts of the process, from concept to customer, which goes into creating a consumer product. This includes where and what materials are sourced, how they are developed into something larger, and the journey the finished item takes in order to arrive in store or on someone’s doorstep. (Source: www.the /features/ethical-supply-chain)

Numerous traditional fashion supply chains, have been criticized as environmentally hazardous with high levels of synthetic chemicals polluting water sources and causing wastage of massive amounts of water. Additionally, child labour are clandestinely practised in some unregulated factories in the Global South. The Ethical Fashion Report 2019 highlights traceability and transparency as one of the key challenges in order to promote an ethical supply chain.

Traditional supply chain systems are centralized, non-standardized and data sharing between stakeholders is minimal and cumbersome. Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLT)   overcome this challenge by establishing a chain of transactions. For each virtual or physical good, there will be a complete list of transactions leading all the way up to the origin of an item. Data cannot be controlled or manipulated by a single party. (Source: https :// 12/02/blockchain-fashion-luxury-industry/)

Distributed Ledger Technology and blockchain

This article will focus on how distributed ledger technologies and blockchain can be used to promote ethical fashion across the fashion supply chain. It will interrogate issues with regards to traceability of raw materials, protection of labour rights and sustainability.

Distributed ledger technology is a decentralised database of records managed by multiple participants across what is termed as “multiple nodes”. Each node replicates and saves an identical copy of the ledger and each participant of the network updates itself independently. (Source: https: // serokell. io/blog/ blockchain-vs-dlt,

Blockchain is a form of digitized ledger that is decentralized and often times public, which is used to record transactions across many computes. This ensures that any involved record termed as ‘blocks’ cannot be altered retroactively, without the alteration of all subsequent blocks. Its main selling point is that, since it is a distributed ledger, it can exist without a centralized authority or server managing it, hence its data quality can be maintained by database replication and computational trust. (Source: https //www /article/3191077/what-is-blockchain-the-complete-guide.html)

The terms blockchain and DLT are often used interchangeably, this should not be the case as there exists stark differences between them. However, it is generally agreed that every blockchain is a distributed ledger, but not every distributed ledger is a blockchain, this is because both technologies record information in a distributed pattern across a network. (Source:

The difference between the two technologies can be summed up in three main points, according to Simon Chandler: openness, decentralization and cryptography. Openness refers to who may access and alter the technologies. Blockchains are generally public, meaning that anyone can view the transaction histories and can participate in the operations and alterations by becoming a node. This means they are ‘permission less’ as coined by Marta Piekarska. On the other side, a DLT does not enable any or most of these features, it restricts who can use, access and operate it (permissioned technology),

The second and third main difference; decentralization and cryptography, are tied together. Blockchain technology utilises a series of time-stamped “blocks” that record the information;  these blocks must be cryptographically validated by the majority of the network to form the next entry (cryptographic consensus feature). Some DLT’s, though they utilise the same distributed technology that allows for cryptographic consensus, are not cryptographically validated through chains of blocks. They rely on what is termed as nodes reaching consensus over time-stamped transactions. (Source:

In the fashion industry DLT and blockchain have been utilised to bring about transparency in the supply chain. (Source:

Traceability of products

According to the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), clothing sector, supply chain traceability has been a lower priority than in other industries, like pharmaceutical, automobile, food and beverages, where regulations and labeling standards make traceability a prerequisite due to the direct impact on consumers’ health.

Nonetheless, change is on the horizon. The Global Fashion Agenda has recently set as a minimum requirement for companies to identify 50% of their Tier 2 suppliers (product manufacturing), while they define best practice as 100 percent identification. To make solid and reliable sustainability claims, even this may not be sufficient, since much of the environmental and social risk lies within Tiers 3 and 4 (raw material extraction, supply and processing).

Novel technologies, such as DLT and blockchain, provide an opportunity to increase traceability and sustainability through the creation of a common source of verifiable information on transactions, accessible to all supply chains parties, regardless of their location, so long as they have access to Internet. A well-designed blockchain-based application has the potential to allow brand retailers to access the blockchain (via a user interface program) and to verify the origin of each input used in manufacturing. Industry regulators will be able to check the data and examine the entire lifecycle process using the blockchain’s digital ledger.

Below are some of the notable use case examples of DLT’s and blockchain employed to promote ethical fashion.

Asia Pacific Rayon Case Study

Asia Pacific Rayon (APR) produces 100% natural and biodegradable viscose rayon used in textile products and uses blockchain to trace its fibre at every process. Every step from seedling to shipment is carefully tracked. This process is supported by Follow Our Fibre initiative, which uses enterprise blockchain technology developed by Perlin. Using Perlin’s value chain a traceability tool allows APR to key into data at all critical points in the supply chain, creating a robust product journey that can be easily traced by customers.

APR’s customers can scan a barcode on a viscose bale using a dedicated app to see detailed information on where that bale was produced, where its source material came from, and how it was shipped.

Data is gathered automatically at each stage of the value chain using integrated software tracking programmes. This includes information on planting in the nursery, time of weighing at a weigh bridge and delivery to the mill.

This information is then uploaded to a blockchain ledger where it can be viewed. The advantage of using blockchain is that, once published, the data forms an immutable permanent record. (Source:

Additionally, Fashion for Good, PVH Corp, C&A Foundation & Organic Cotton Accelerator, Bext 360, and Zalando have successfully collaborated on a pilot project that traces organic cotton from farm to consumers.

In an attempt to further address transparency concerns, this blockchain pilot project seeks to revolutionize the apparel industry by offering a physical and digital trail of organic cotton, making traceability, transparency, and reliability inevitable.

Organic cotton is favoured because it promotes healthy ecosystems, people and soils. Additionally, it is a key fibre when it comes to sustainability strategies fronted by global fashion brands.

Compliance with labour laws and International Human Rights

It is no secret that in the fashion industry, various human rights and laws are often overlooked in the rush to maximise profit and keep up with trends. The exploitative working conditions, especially in the production phase, is alarming. One such case is the Rana Plaza building collapse, which occurred seven years ago, that sent shockwaves in the apparel world.

On April 24th 2013 the Rana Plaza building in Dhaka, Bangladesh, which housed five garment factories, collapsed killing at least 1,132 people and injuring more than 2,500. This came after the collapse of Tazreeb Fashions factory on the outskirts of Dhaka where 112 workers had been killed when they were trapped inside the burning factory.

There were deep structural faults in the building. The day before the tragedy, workers had shown an unwillingness to work in the building; however the managers had urged and forced the workers to carry on with their tasks.

The incident put a spotlight on unethical and unsafe working conditions of factory workers  in what is often termed as “sweat shops” as well as bringing up discussions on labour laws and protections of human rights of the minority.

Blockchain technology and DLT’s could be used as a tool to solve many of these challenges. The same process that allows for traceability, could allow for blocks that would be used in transparency. This would allow consumers as well as regulatory and government authorities to get first-hand information on the working conditions of factory workers in workshops .

When the supply chain is tracked, this information will be available to the public, forcing suppliers to implement fairer working conditions, environmental policies and share more details about their practices. This can be instrumental in pushing for better working conditions, especially to largely known brands that often have their production bases in developing countries where the labour laws are often overlooked. (Source:

Promoting sustainable fashion practices

DLT’s and Blockchain technology can be used to fight against unsustainability as it can track each process in apparel production. (Source: Consumers have become more demanding in understanding how their clothes are made and with what fabrics, in an effort to know if products are sustainable and ethical.

Sustainable fashion looks at the impacts clothes have on the environment. The textile industry is after all the world’s second largest consumer of the world’s water supply and the second biggest producer of harmful emissions after oil. What is often called “fast fashion” lasts three month at most and is thrown away almost immediately after it is produced. This leads to massive pilling of clothes that remain un-utilised.

Notwithstanding the push for ethical and sustainable fashion, there has been an increased production and consumption in the fashion industry, attributed to the rise of fast fashion. Fast fashion utilises innovative production and distribution models to dramatically shorten fashion cycles, sometimes getting a garment from the designer to the customer in a matter of weeks instead of months. The number of fashion seasons has increased from two a year – spring/summer and fall/winter to as many as  20 micro seasons. (Source :https: //

Statistics reveal consumers are buying more, in 2014 they bought 60 % more clothing than in 2000, but kept the garment half as long. Fashion manufacturing alone produces 92 million tons of solid waste which is deposited in landfills or up in smoke.

Blockchain could be used to track the industry’s excess fabric, enabling it to be easily identified and resold. This would create a great potential for blockchain and DLT to improve the ability to capture the economic value of resources along the supply chain; this was explained by environmentalist Jahda Swanborough, at the World Economic Forum.  (Source:

One example is H&M which has been criticised due to its high inventory turnover, high volume and low prices. Despite this controversy, the company remains one of the most advanced fashion companies in terms of sustainable development. Recently, the brand has been offering to its customers the possibility of accessing, by scanning each product label, information that has been out of reach until now, such as the names of suppliers, the names of factories and their addresses. (Source:

Blockchain and DLT have been instrumental in revolutionizing and mechanising various industries: agriculture and technology. However, there also exists some limitations on the use of blockchain and other DLT’s considering that the technology is fairly new and, hence, it is expensive.

Notably, for some DLT’s the information may not be accessible to all as there could be private blocks, additionally with technologies such as blockchain, the  information is susceptible to manipulation and change when the controller of the blocks wishes to change the  information and perhaps prevent other users of the technology from viewing the change in the sequence/block. In addition, DLT’s alone cannot ensure that the various certificates and information registered are true and accurate. In order to achieve this kind of result, a system of rules (by operation of law or on a contractual basis) should be implemented in order to allow controls made by independent third parties such as experts or auditors.

Blockchain and DLT’s are already used by various actors in the fashion supply chain: distributers, suppliers and retailers to meet their customers’ expectations of consistency and credibility. The technology could be instrumental in promoting ethical and sustainable fashion as well as creating well informed consumers.

The use of these technologies, of course, is part of the solution, but for first and for most they require a real sensibility and awareness by the consumers on the ethical issues related to the fashion industry and the impact that this industry may have on the environment.

In this way a clear message could be given to the fashion producers and the fashion markets on what to focus on and how to deal with it.

Rome, 5 June, 2020

The contents of this publication is for informational purposes only. It is not intended to provide legal or other professional advice or opinions on specific facts or matters. Pavia e Ansaldo assumes no liability in connection with the use of this publication.


Acceleron Drops Drug for Rare Muscle Disease After Mixed Phase 2 Data

Xconomy Boston —

An experimental Acceleron Pharma drug for rare neuromuscular diseases has failed to distance itself from a placebo in a mid-stage study, spelling the end for that program.

Acceleron (NASDAQ: XLRN) drug ACE-083 was being developed as a treatment for Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, a hereditary nerve disorder that leads to the progressive loss of muscle function. The Cambridge, MA-based company develops drugs that target TGF-beta, a family of proteins that regulate cellular growth and repair. ACE-083 was designed to block myostatin, a protein that suppresses muscle growth.

In the Phase 2 clinical trial, Acceleron reported that patients treated with its drug showed, on average, an increase in total muscle volume—which was the study’s main goal. But that muscle volume increase did not translate into statistically significant improvements in function or quality of life compared to a placebo. Based on those results, Acceleron says it will discontinue further work on ACE-083.

The clinical trial results in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease come six months after disappointing Phase 2 data for ACE-083 in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, another rare neuromuscular disorder. In that study, Acceleron reported an increase in muscle volume but no statistically significant improvement in muscle function.

Given the facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy results, disappointing data in Charcot-Marie-Tooth was not a surprise, SVB Leerink analyst Geoffrey Porges wrote in a research note. He added the results confirm the importance to the company of sotatercept, a drug being developed to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension. In January, Acceleron reported positive preliminary data from a Phase 2 study, prompting Porges to say that the drug has the potential to become a blockbuster seller.

Acceleron plans to present results of the Charcot-Marie-Tooth study at the American Academy of Neurology Annual Meeting in April. Going forward, the company will focus on luspatercept (Reblozyl) in anemia and sotatercept in pulmonary arterial hypertension, as well as ongoing preclinical TGF-beta research, CEO Habib Dable said in a prepared statement.

Image: iStock/Vasyl Dolmatov


No Solution

No Solution Allowed
No Solution Allowed

The above image fairly aptly sums up the frustration one experiences whenever one makes the mistake of engaging one of the Liberals or Progressives on the matter of Climate Change.

Despite their hysteria and existential panic, they will allow no practical solution to the problem they believe in… because the problem isn’t really a problem. It’s just a means by which to enact some form of “redistributive justice,”  i.e., steal from the productive in order to give hand outs to the eaters and takers feeding off of America.

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Global Warming’s Roots

Global Warming's Roots
Global Warming’s Roots

The roots of Global Warming, as certain sorts have been trying to sell it for over a decade, is simply Socialism in the context of the Globalists’ meta-State. It’s just an excuse to strip wealth and power from the “Privileged” societies and redistribute it to the Third World.

As we come into the 2018 elections, it’s critical for the American people to keep this firmly in mind. The “intersectionality” between the Warmists and the Socialists cannot be overstated any more than it can be untangled. They are at this point the same enemy of America.

Adieu Et Bon Débarras

Adieu Et Bon Débarras, Paris!

Adieu Et Bon Débarras, Paris!

Is It A Treaty Or Not?

And The Consensus Is…

Eppure Si Raffredda

Alternative Energy

As I’ve said not too long ago, Liberal and Progressive ecotards, especially the Warmists and climatards of today, should be focusing on better sources of renewable energy than solar and/or wind…such as boobs!

Ass – An Alternative Energy Source

But the issue is, as I recently realized, that such a breast-based energy plan would not be 100% efficient because not everyone is into breasts. Therefor, in order to maximized energy production and diversify the world’s energy portfolio, they should also be researching harnessing the power of women’s asses. 😉


"","Mauritania", "Data Year","2006", "Report Published","2007", "Report Compiled by","Ernst & Young et Associes", "Source Link ","http://www.cnitie.mr/", "PDF Download ","http://www.cnitie.mr/documentspublic/ITIE2006Mauritanie.pdf", "EITI Status","Candidate", "Commodities ","Oil & Mining", "Government Receipts","$280,165,030", "Company Payments","$273,414,760", "GDP (Billion $)","2.70", "GDP Year, Source: ","2006", "Total Government Revenue (% of GDP) ","24.53", "Reported EI Revenue (% of Total Revenue) ","42.32", "1. Regularity" "a) score","0.40", "b) total reports / implementing years","2/5", "2. Timeliness" "Lag between fiscal year of data and publication year.","1", "3. Materiality" "Report clearly defines a materiality threshold.","No", "4. Data Reliability" "Report contains audited data from:","", "a) companies","Yes", "b) government","No", "5. Coverage" "Revenue data includes the following revenue streams:","", "a) royalties","Yes", "b) taxes","Yes", "c) surface, rental or license fees","Yes", "d) bonuses","Yes", "e) state-owned enterprise (SOE) payments","Yes", "f) Report covers all extractive sector companies.","No", "g) Report states the price of any product received or sold by government.","No", "h) Report states the quantity of resources produced.","No", "6. Discrepancies" "Report contains:","", "a) information on the cause of revenue discrepancies.","No", "b) reconciled data following the correction of discrepancies.","Yes", "7. SOE Revenue Flow" "SOE Revenue Flow data is clearly explained in the report.","No", "8. Disaggregation" "Report provides financial data on individual:","", "a) companies","No", "b) revenue streams","Yes", "c) projects","No", "d) commodities","No", "9. Comprehensibility" "Report contains:","", "a) a summary with key findings and revenue totals","No", "b) clear indication of what currencies and units of measurement are used","Yes", "c) written explanation of key findings and recommendations","No", "d) a clear definition of terms","Yes", "10. Accessibility" "Report is available:","", "a) in at least one official language","No", "b) on a government website","Yes", "Related Indicators" "Revenue Watch Index, 2010","N/A", "Corruption Perceptions Index, 2010","143", "Open Budget Survey, 2010","N/A",


VFX Reel Breakdown

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Kigali Maintained its Position Among the Top Meetings Destination in Africa
Date：2020-05-22 From：卢旺达驻华官微

Kigali maintained its position among the top meetings destination in Africa. According to the report from the International Congress and Convention Association (ICCA), Kigali maintained its position as the second most popular destination for Meetings, Incentives, Conferences and Exhibitions (MICE) events in Africa.

MICE is a specialized niche of group tourism dedicated to planning, booking, and facilitating conferences, seminars, and other events, which is a big money maker in the travel industry.

Additionally, Rwanda has become the third among Africa's most popular MICE destination countries, moving up two places from the fifth rank held in 2018.

ICCA's rankings are based on the number of association meetings taking place regularly (annually, biannually), rotating between atleast three different countries and with at least 50 participants.

Every year, the association ranks cities and countries according to the stringent guidelines.

"This is great news and proof that the MICE strategy is generating value to Rwanda," commented Nelly Mukazayire, the Chief Executive Officer of Rwanda Convention Bureau, the national MICE agency.

"We shall continue to identify and work better with our local associations and other stakeholders to help the destination do better in the ICCA rankings in the years to come."

Ranking in the top positions are results of Rwanda's established repute in safety and cleanness, in addition to world-class MICE venues, accommodation facilities, connectivity options and open visa policy among others.

Statistics by ICCA show that 2019 recorded 13,254 rotating association meetings, the highest ever-recorded annual figure in its yearly statistics.

Meanwhile, Rwanda continues preparations of major meetings that were disrupted by the COVID-19 outbreak, including the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM), which was slated for June but was pushed forward due to the outbreak.


What is an Aneurysm?

An aneurysm is a condition characterised by progressive dilation of the main artery that takes the blood from the heart to the legs and vital organs. Frequently this does not cause symptoms, so a person may be unaware they have it until it has become quite large. As the aorta expands, the risk of it bursting (or rupturing) increases. This is a life threatening condition requiring emergency surgery, but unfortunately many people do not survive long enough to get to hospital when this happens.

Why does it occur?

Risk factors for developing an aneurysm include high blood pressure,high cholesterol, smoking, age and male gender. Degeneration of the elastic fibres within the wall of the aorta leads to weakening and dilation over time. Some inherited conditions can predispose people to the formation of aneurysms, and rarely inflammatory disorders or infections are the cause. Screening programs for men are now being initiated across the country to help detect aneurysms before they cause problems.

What problems can they cause?

The greatest concern is that the aneurysm may rupture, which becomes more likely when the diameter of the diseased aorta exceeds 55mm in the abdomen or 60mm in the chest. Sometimes an aneurysm can cause pain in the abdomen or back, and occasionally may be noticed as a pulsating mass in the abdomen. Rarely debris within the aneurysm can break off and affect the circulation of the feet. If your aneurysm is over 60mm you must inform the DVLA, and if it is over 65mm you are not allowed to drive.

What are the reasons for treatment?

The ultimate aim of an aneurysm repair is to prevent it from rupturing and causing complications.

The medical information provided here is intended solely for patients of the London & Surrey Vascular Clinic, it is general information only and should not be used as a substitute for personal advice received when consulting your own surgeon face-to-face.

Related Websites

London & Surrey Vascular is not responsible for the content of external internet sites


Creative writing my favourite hobby

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Luminescent Metallogels of Bis-Cyclometalated Alkynylgold(III) Complexes Vonika Ka-Man Au Nianyong Zhu Vivian Wing-Wah Yam 10.1021/ic3007519.s001 A series of luminescent bis-cyclometalated alkynylgold(III) complexes have been synthesized and characterized. Some of the complexes have been demonstrated to exhibit gelation properties driven by π–π stacking and hydrophobic–hydrophobic interactions. The gelation properties have been investigated in detail through variable-temperature UV–vis absorption and emission studies, and the morphology of the gels has also been characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. 2013-01-18 00:00:00 series morphology gelation properties exhibit gelation properties complex Luminescent Metallogels emission studies interaction Alkynylgold transmission electron microscopy ComplexesA UV scanning electron microscopy absorption alkynylgold


Grace in the Times of COVID 19

By Promila Chitkara

The roads were clear of people and machines, covered with fallen leaves on both sides, leaving the centre untouched. The contrast of yellow leaves and black tar was striking, soft and fragile leaves against tough and durable tar. After decades one could delight in bird song, crystal clear, not buried under the noise of incessant traffic. Feast for eyes, feast for ears, heart’s delight. My feet walked me to the first grocery store.

“Stay outside, we will bring what you need.”

“Black chickpeas,” I requested. But of course, the stocks had been emptied weeks ago; I’d woken up late to the emergency.

“Sorry, ma’am. No chickpeas.”

Eating chickpeas soaked overnight has proved a healthy diet for my chronically troubled stomach. And how easy it is to prepare. Black chickpeas, the pebble-like ugly ducklings of the world of lentils and pulses, are high in dietary fiber, rich in vitamins and minerals, good for digestive disorders, diabetes, and cardiovascular health. And I was left with a few grams at home. I didn’t want to break this new diet regime – the latest and healthiest start to my day.

The before-noon sun on the last Saturday of March in Delhi was lovely and lukewarm. It brightened the outside world and removed the darkness within me, so what if it were only temporarily. I walked to another store, only to get the same response. I checked out a few more grocery shops in the vicinity but none had the black diamond! One has to try her best…

Before I set out, my father had asked me to go to another small store, but it was in the opposite direction from all the others. He had sounded sure that I would find a few packets there. I was neutral, leaning toward ‘no luck.’ I knew I wouldn’t find them but I went and checked anyway. My Organic India jute thaila (bag) was heavy with other things I’d found (four bars of soap, one hand wash, five or six packets of cookies, etc). My right shoulder hurt, but I couldn’t dare shift the thaila to my left arm – no physiotherapy has persuaded my tenacious tennis elbow to go gently into the good night.

“Lord, it’s not something I should ask you for. So, if I find chickpeas, it will be your wish/prasad. If I don’t, it would still be your will.”

 The store was only a few yards away now. I wondered how my father, who has been confined to the house for several years, knew about it when I did not. Had a neighbour told him about it?

“Uncle, do you have black chickpeas?”

“Yes, beti (daughter),” he replied warmly.

“Give me two kilos if you can, please.”

“I only opened my store to collect my own rations. I was going to close the shutter in a few minutes. My wife has asked me to stay home for the next couple of weeks. Why should one risk one’s life and health for money?”

“Oh, so the store will remain closed for weeks! Please give me one more kilo if you have the stock.”

“Yes, I do, beti.” And I also found matchboxes that other stores had run out of.

A man wearing the uniform of a security guard arrived and asked the shopkeeper for a bar of Lifebuoy soup. “No stock!” he was told. I had four bars of another brand of soap. Soap is soap. In the times of lockdown one can’t be choosy.

We are bereft of essentials and have things of little use in abundance. During wars, natural disasters, pandemics, humanity is reminded of what we really need to survive: food, water, shelter. All other accumulations, to collect which we waste away our lives, become a source of misery in these times. Recently, someone posted a status on WhatsApp: ‘Ghar utna hi bada hona chahiye jitni jhado lagane ke aukaat ho. (The house should be only be as big enough to meet one’s needs)’. I have known my needs for decades, and that’s why I have been wanting to downsize my home to a one-bedroom studio apartment.

I offered the security guard a bar of soap. He took it. But he didn’t pull back the hand in which he held a tenner. A tenner was not what I needed. I had received chickpeas prasadam (blessings) from the lord. The security guard needed a bar of soap, by His grace he found it. These small blessings are what make life a beautiful journey.

What happened on the last Saturday of March has stayed in my consciousness. It has brought me a sublime joy that no big things have brought. One has to experience something like this to be able to understand that what we need is little things at the right time, not luxuries in a future perfect never-never land.

Promila Chitkara is a technical writer by profession but a seeker of the Truth at heart. Working with an MNC, she lives in New Delhi. Her inner search has led her to allied interests such as astrology, tarot, past life regression, Pranic and crystal healings. She knows she has a long journey ahead.

Where have all the stories gone?

by Suchismita Ghoshal

I close my eyes in isolation and wake up from an abrupt slumber. I wake up to brew my favourite cup of green tea flipping the pages of my diary. The unfinished stories now embrace me more, their dormant urge has suddenly caught pace, and now they crawl up to me looking for fulfillment. I set my floating brain up for a moment, concentrate on a point and dip my heart straight to the blank paper to pen down my stories one by one.

But these days are quite different. Every morning, a tune of ambiguous chants pester me. Now, I can clearly hear the transparent music of Gayatri  Mantra. My maa, busy in doing household work, silently joins her hands for an unheard prayer to Lord Shiva. Her worries increase a little more every time she checks the headlines of death tolls and new cases. She always mentions that prayers clear all doubts, all sufferings, and all hurdles at once. I never cared to pay heed to such talk. I thought the mantras were merely an amalgamation of some Sanskrit scriptures.

I heave a long sigh now. My head unknowingly rises up and I can see my hands come together to share a prayer. Have I turned into a believer? Has Corona turned me into a theist?

I always curse myself for living in this reckless twenty-first century world that has no remote to pause. Everything in this world moves without any hint as to where we are headed but makes sure, we join the race. If I were born in the  60’s or 70’s where pausing was valued, where people patronised art, where old civilisations were valued, where cellphones did not interrupt one’s Muse, when the air was fresh and  there was no COVID 19, how fantastic would that be!

Maa serves hot parathas on my plate and I start blabbering in front of her. I say, “Please go back to the 60’s, I can’t live in between the dust and darkness.” In between our cold silent gestures, Corona silently enters and giggles with its dusky intent.

My unfinished stories these days loiter in every nook and corner and refuse to let me pour all my heart into my art. They loiter from the streets of daily wagers, to the homes of starving poor, then the vacant paths where stray dogs cry out for hunger; then the hospitals of the assiduous health workers and bounce back touching the sinful desire of those who sneakily break quarantine rules. Everything creates a whirlwind of emotions inside my head and I stop my writing. What happened to me? Corona might have blessed us with the recess for art but this art cuts my heart!

I am not a web series person But the drastic change in atmosphere penetrates through my skin lighting up my heart. I am hypnotized by the mellow tone of arresting sunsets, chirping birds, clear azure skies, green leaves and letting them etch stories in my heart so that even after lockdown I can cherish them forever.

I pass nights with the thought that if everything settles down again, the world must return the pleasures of nirvana, the world must sing sufi songs and ghazals, the world must unfurl the doors of open minds, the world must stop comparing the weight of money. This world must turn into a lover — not an angry rebellious one but one that heals with love, tolerance and gentleness.

Suchismita Ghoshal is a professional writer, poet, published author and storyteller from Malda, West Bengal. She has co-authorized for more than 140 anthologies, journals and magazines both nationally and internationally. Her debit poetry book “Fields of Sonnet” has launched on last September.

Slices from Life

Notes from Balochistan: Volunteers for humanity

By: Ali Jan Maqsood

Blood Donation Camp set up by volunteers during COVID 19 restrictions

Pakistan, like many parts of the world, has announced a lockdown in most of the country. In some of the cities, however, there is a partial lockdown. The district Kech in Balochistan is partially locked down (from morning till five in the evenings with essential services still open like groceries, vegetables, banks, medical stores etc). However, all of the educational institutions will remain closed till May 31, with a warning that the date may be extended, depending on future developments.

Kech suffers from a great many medical services issues as the government gives very little attention to the affairs of the civil hospital. These have been further slowed down by the corona scare. On the other hand, Kech contains a number of — 286 — registered patients of thalassemia who need blood transfusion on a regular basis (some after every 15 to 20 days and the rest on monthly basis). The district does not own a single blood bank. Despite having three Members of Provincial Assembly (MPA) from the district with a Member of National Assembly (MNA), the need to build a blood bank in the district has not been addressed.

However, for the patients, a team of a social workers from Kech arranged a blood donation camp in the nearby tehsil of Buleda (about an hour and half of travel from Turbat) in order to collect blood for the needy thalassemia patients during the lockdown. Luckily, they got a good response from the locals of Buleda. The camp was set in Ruzhn School Mainaz Buleda under the support of Mr Zahoor Ahmed, the principal of Ruzhn school, and Mr Irshad Arif, a working faculty of Syed Hashmi High School Turbat and founder of Kech Blood Donors Team.

“A great many people supported us during the blood donation camp. I did not expect this kind of crowd since mostly people fear donating blood, but I am really amazed looking at such spirit from the people here, ” says Mr Arif in gratitude to the local people of Buleda. “I am wholeheartedly thankful to Mr Zahoor Ahmed for his kind help in our drive and all the people of Buleda for donating blood with high spirit.”

The principal of Ruzhn School Buleda was pleased looking at the youngsters doing their best to serve humanity. He said he was honoured to be part of the drive and had much hopes from the volunteers. “I was told they (Kech Blood Donors Team) were coming. I thought what would be more beautiful than to getting a chance to give your best to doing something for humanity in this very critical time,” Mr. Ahmed added

The blood camp got a huge number of donors. The team met their target only in four hours. However, many locals were rejected when they came forward to donate blood as they were considered unfit. They stood the whole time only in the hope they would be called back to give blood, added Murad Jan, a volunteer of the team.

The locals of Buleda have always helped when it came to do something for the people of the province. In such a critical time as the children affected by thalassamia are on the verge of death, they have showed their kindness by arranging the blood camps and supporting it to their best.

It is often said “Saving one human life is equal to saving the entire humanity.” The locals of Buleda proved it with their passion to help children fight death.

Despite the generosity of the residents, the government still needs to plan for a blood bank and a thalassemia centre in the district. Health is one of the basic needs that needs to be addressed. The people cast their precious votes and help politicians win elections, it is now their turn to pay back the community by providing basic facilities.

The writer is a student of Law at University Law College Quetta and a former teacher at DELTA in Turbat. He can be reached at and tweets at @Alijanmaqsood12

Life in Times of Corona

By Devraj Singh Kalsi

Keith Lyons from Christchurch discovers that the big world seems very small when it comes to stockpiling for the coronavirus.

If I had to choose a place to be to sit out the coronavirus pandemic sweeping over the globe, there are probably few places better than the South Island of New Zealand. A significant number of the world’s super-rich have invested in the Southern Hemisphere nation, some even buying residency through a controversial and secretive ‘Investor Plus’ scheme. Tech startup incubator for Reddit, Dropbox and Airbnb, Sam Altman, Pay Pal’s Peter Thiel, and the co-founder of LinkedIn Reid Hoffman are among those who have invested, buying secluded boltholes and luxury bunkers. One US company has constructed more than three dozen doomsday bunkers in New Zealand. Several of my friends have worked for ‘high net worth individuals’ as staff at remote lodges and on luxury super-yachts.

Kim Dotcom, of Megaupload, is among those who have decided to call New Zealand home. I call New Zealand home because I was born here. And now I’ve returned ‘home’ after more than a decade living in China and spending the last few years in South East Asia.

In February, this year, my route back from India via Myanmar took me through Phuket airport where a taxi driver had already been infected with the coronavirus. Transiting Kuala Lumpur’s KLIA2, after an overnight in Denpasar International Airport in Bali, I discovered no tests had been made to determine if anyone had the virus. Then a short stopover in Melbourne, Australia, where there seemed to be no additional measures to combat the spread of the corona virus. Even on arriving in my hometown Christchurch, there were no temperature checks or questioning to see if I had come from China, Italy or South Korea. In mid-February, the most stringent measures encountered were in Central Phuket Festival mall, where the handful of customers going from one half of the normally teeming mall to the other side were stopped for a temperature check.

If 9/11 meant greater security with screening for knives, box-cutters, and nail files, and having to take out water bottles, mobile phones and laptops, almost two decades on, we are now adding to the security screening with thermal cameras and the symbol of 2020: thermometer guns. After the masked official at the Phuket mall held his gun to my forehead, satisfied that I didn’t have a raised temperature indicating fever, he turned it around so I could see the digital reading: 36.8 C. Now, I am not expert on human health, so assumed it was not too hot and not too cold, as I couldn’t make out if the official was smiling or grimacing behind his mask. At least they aren’t taking the readings the old-fashioned way, rectally.

One of the things about the coronavirus is that is it invisible and faceless. Like an imaginary menace. Its presence is only made more tangible and real when we see on TV the patients in ICU units, doctors and nurses in masks and glove hurrying around with beeping ventilators and tubes, maps showing the spread of the new virus which threatens like a hurricane.

The other thing about the coronavirus is the speed at which it moves, spreads, and intensifies. When I travelled back from Asia to Australasia, coronavirus was primarily a Chinese problem, with some possible spread to Italy. But as February turned into March, it became more apparent that this Wuhan wet market virus was going global big time.

I guess we should have all been ready for something like this to happen. It was corona virus — COVID19 — there was bound to be a pandemic which would sweep the world, infecting millions and killing many. After all, such an event has been predicted by everyone from Nostradamus and Bill Gates to author Dean Koontz (see conspiracy theories) and The Simpsons. There are even some among us who believe one episode of The Simpsons foretold the self-isolation of Tom Hanks.

There are also those among us who having known something like this was going to happen have made preparations for their survival. This is now an ‘I told you so’ occasion for the smug ‘preppers’ who feel vindicated having lined their shelters with emergency rations, first aid kits and firearms, though this coronavirus thing is turning out to be mild compared to the much-anticipated zombie apocalypse scenario. Instead, it seems the ‘always carry’ list for those fighting the hidden enemy includes wet wipes, hand sanitiser, and N95 masks. The US company Preppi at one stage marketed a special US$10,000 prep bag which included gold bars for bartering.

My hometown, Christchurch, has experienced several traumatic events this last decade. A large earthquake in mid-2010 followed by a more devastating quake in early 2011 damaged nearly 100,000 buildings, half the city’s roads, and killed 185. A year ago, a white supremacist gunman shot dead 51 people at two city mosques. New Zealand is geologically young, and prone to natural disasters including earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, so most homes have emergency kits with food and water to last at least three days.

However, the prospect of an infectious pandemic with a lengthy lockdown period has taken most citizens by surprise. When on the second-to-last day of February news broke of the first case of coronavirus in New Zealand, brought by a resident returning from Iran, I was in my local supermarket a few hours after the announcement. There was no flour available, the shelves of the 1.5kg bags and 5kg bags were empty. It was not just the ordinary white flour, it was high-grade flour too, along with self-rising flour and wholemeal flour. On the next aisle of the Countdown supermarket, a Thai woman was posing for a photograph in front of shelves half empty of rice. I mentioned my observations later to friends and family, wondering if there was a shortage or some other reason.

A few days later there was news of a second case, this time arriving from Italy. But even though this virus had arrived on our shores, it seemed like its impact would be insignificant, as it was not spreading, and those returning to New Zealand had mild symptoms, not unlike a cold you pick up during a long haul flight. There were reports that some supermarkets have been swamped by customers buying toilet paper, hand sanitiser and tinned food.

Ten days later, the news was full of events happening far, far away in Italy, Iran and South Korea. The coronavirus had spread to more than 100 countries, and infected more than 100,000 — a few days earlier the World Health Organisation declared it an official pandemic. In New Zealand, the sixth case of the virus is confirmed. This did not deter my parents, who did their regular Saturday morning shopping at their usual supermarket. “Yes, it was quite busy, busier than normal,” my father noted.

During our Sunday dinner, I casually mentioned that maybe this was the last weekend that we would have the freedom to do things as normal, and perhaps from now on, it might be best if I went and did the shopping instead. My parents looked at me as if I have overstepped the line between parent and child. Over-reacting again, they are probably thinking.

An international cricket match between New Zealand and Australia was played in an empty stadium, and then the rest of the tour called off. Cancelled too was the memorial service for the mosque attacks. I visited the neighbours of my parents, bringing them a date and walnut cake I had especially made according to a detailed Iraqi recipe. My visit interrupted an interview with a documentary crew from BBC about their son Hussein who was shot dead trying to stop the gunman.

I felt like I am moving between worlds, from the warmth of the kitchen to the coldness of a massacre, and then outside, there was something sinister and foreboding which was looming bigger than kindness, bigger than tragedy, an acute existential crisis that was unknown in its quantity and impact.

In the following week, I set about sourcing various things from around town, and stocking up on supplies. I got some seeds to plant for autumn and winter harvest. I visited two Indian grocery shops to procure green cardamom seeds, almonds, ready-made chapatis, MTR ready-to-eat meals and dosa flour mix. I loaded the boot and back seat of my parent’s Toyota Ractis until its suspension springs almost snap from 450kg of wooden pellets for their fire. With my mother we did one big shop, making sure we got her favourite brands and the foods preferred by my father who is recuperating from an operation for bowel cancer.

During my daily shopping visits, I noticed that this wasn’t the normal shopping experience anymore. I did not witness any of the stockpiling in the early days of the crisis, though at a store I did overhear a staff member tell his colleague, “We need to bring out the remaining fruit stock we have out back, as it is all selling fast. I am not sure why.”

In early March, there was already a run on particular items, most noticeably and perhaps misguidedly, folks were stocking up on toilet paper. I am not sure the rationale behind this, somehow extrapolating that toilet paper might not be available in the future. It seems many people had the fear reaction triggered, and it was compounded by seeing supermarket shelves already half empty of toilet rolls. Toilet paper is non-perishable and will all eventually be used, so it is not an unnecessary purchase. It also is bulky and takes up space, so its absence in supermarket shelves signals to us ‘shortage’, while having it stocked up at home fulfils some primitive need to be prepared and ready, and also signals that we are smart shoppers, having ample supplies of large 16-roll 4-ply toilet paper, what a bargain and an easy way to relieve worries of not being prepared for the impending doom.

There is a meme doing the rounds with a kid asking his mother, “What is the corona virus?” with the parent replying, “Shut up and eat your dinner” with a picture of a bowl serving a roll of toilet paper. The panic buying of toilet paper was a reaction to the mixed messages about the possible severity of the coronavirus, something of an emotional pacifying purchase to gain control over our hygiene. In other countries where a bidet, bum gun or old-fashioned scoop and water pail is used, there must have been some eye-rolling when stories emerged of Westerners stockpiling toilet paper, price gouging and even scuffles in aisles to secure the rolls of toilet paper.

The government was quick to reinforce the message that was enough to go around, and that essentials would be available. That seemed like the sensible approach. And it was an appeal to people’s sense of community and togetherness in fighting the virus spread. But in times like these, a different mindset kicks in. One of my longtime friends showed me a photo of his partner in the supermarket. After finding the shelves stripped bare of toilet paper and hand sanitizer, they found a whole carton of sanitiser behind other items on another aisle, and much to the shame of my friend, his partner (from South America) loaded the carton into their shopping trolley, later posting on social media of her cache.

That shared image, along with the footage of empty shelves and shopping trolleys piled high with supplies reinforce the panic buying mentality across the world. In Hong Kong, thieves held up a supermarket to steal a delivery of toilet paper. In Australia, a newspaper printed eight extra pages for use as emergency toilet paper in case supplies run out. Now in many supermarkets, there is a limit of two items for these symbolic products along with other essentials, with security guards and supermarket staff patrolling aisles and scrutinising shopping carts.

I noticed during my pre-lockdown shopping excursions quite a range of responses by fellow shoppers. Many were doing big shops, marking off items on a checklist. Some were clearly in unfamiliar territory or were struggling to decipher the list given to them by their partners or friends. “Is tomato puree the same as tomato puree?” one man asked me rather than call his wife again to clarify the differences. In the aisles, it was interesting to observe the interactions of couples, with usually one being ultra-cautious and thorough, while the other (usually a male) being more carefree and unperturbed. “Shouldn’t we get one just in case?” I heard a woman still in her airline uniform ask her husband, who was displaying the typical New Zealand ‘no worries’ attitude. “No, she’ll be right. We can always get it later.”

As well as tension between shoppers, there was also a new dynamic I noticed. Individuals or families were largely in their own bubbles, increasingly aware of the need to stay clear of others who might be contagious. But shoppers were also aware of the goods others had purchased, peering into nearby trolleys, noting what products others were stocking up on, or what items they had secured the last of. On a few occasions, my eyes met others after a mutual trolley check out, and I made a mental note to get a particular item, or even scoffed at other’s purchases.

As well as the hoarding of toilet paper and hand sanitizer, it was the quick sell-out of perishable items which suggested widespread fear of missing out. Bread and milk were coveted items, along with eggs, meat and fresh vegetables.

However, it was the stockpiling of non-perishable items which contributed to the overloaded shopping carts and baskets, and perhaps revealed most about our globalised connected world. Despite the news being full of footage from northern Italy about the horrors of the virus, in New Zealand and Australia, and other countries, shoppers opted for Italian food. Pasta, pasta sauces, tinned tomatoes, risotto rice and olive oil quickly disappear from shelves. On one supermarket run, I found only a few packets of flat lasagna, just the wholemeal and wheat-free varieties, and the following day, nothing except a couple of damaged packets of cannelloni, the pasta meal that requires the most preparation.

But it was not just Italian food we sought for comfort in our emergency supplies and lockdown rations. While most of the fresh produce is still grown locally, increasingly more things are being imported from Asia, in particular China, along with Vietnam and Thailand. Even homegrown brands are sourced from overseas or made of ingredients from as far away as Chile, the USA, Ecuador or Spain. Closely reading the fine print on a bag of mashed potatoes reveals it was made in Belgium, the tuna was canned in Bangkok, while the frozen strawberries hail from Peru. In the dry noodle section, I have to choose between Mamee from Malaysia or Yum Yum out of Thailand. It is a small world after all.

As I shop locally but collect items from around the world, I wonder if it is being sensible or selfish. I wonder about those that can’t afford to stock up, who survive week to week.

As the coronavirus morphed from a foreign plague to a resident contagion, stores imposed limits on some items, increased cleaning and hygiene, and tried tactics to ease consumer’s concerns. My local Countdown placed a pallet of toilet paper just inside the entrance to signal that there was plenty of stock available. Health authorities reinforced the key message that soap and hot water for a 20-second hand wash was better than sanitizer. I started to get emails, some obvious ‘cut and paste’ jobs, from every business about how they were protecting their staff and customers.

Around this time, there was news of a case in Christchurch. The next day, the government announces it was closing its border, to all but citizens and permanent residents. On the following Saturday, 21st March, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern announced on a four-level alert system, raising it to Level 2, then a couple of days later raising it to Level 3 and outlining the move to its highest level 48 hours later. Businesses and schools have been closed, everyone had to stay at home, the only reason to venture outside was to shop at supermarkets for essentials, visit a pharmacy, or doctor. It was a lockdown, though people could go out to exercise as long as they did it in their neighbourhood and did not mix with others.

This pandemic quickly changed the boundaries and borders.

It spread. New hotspots light up the world map.

My own personal geography changed too. Other than my local supermarket, less than a 15 -minute-walk, I also factored into my shopping a fresh vegetable market nearby, and a branch store bakery offering bread, milk, savouries and sweets. I figured that this trio of shops within walking distance could be relied upon for my future shopping, along with the pharmacy.

When I first visited the bakery, it was business as usual, and I was rather surprised to see the staff not wearing any additional protective masks or gloves. Three days later, it was a completely different story. I had to wait outside to be called in. There was a station set up with hand sanitizer and blue gloves to be worn (optional) and customers were reminded to keep their distance from others. At the checkout, items had to be placed on the counter, and the customer was asked to step back behind a line so the clerk could price the purchases. The choreography meant the shop assistant would step back and the customer then approached the counter, to pay by card (no cash was accepted), pack their own bags, and then exit, allowing the next person in the queue to go through the routine. On returning home, I described the new shopping behaviour to my parents, who seemed amused at all the fuss. I was half expecting them to say it was all ‘health and safety gone mad’.

The next day I checked Facebook for the store hours and there was a notice that the outlet was now closed to the public. The greengrocer who had reduced hours to ensure more time for restocking also posted a similar notice, not being able to ensure a safe space, and also deemed by the government to be non-essential.

Yesterday I braved the cold winds and ventured out to Countdown (a New Zealand supermarket). Having to wait outside in a long queue, spaced 2m apart, operating on a one-out/one-in rule that meant when I finally got in and cleaned my basket handles, most aisles only had one or two shoppers nervously avoiding each other, and imploring with dagger eyes ‘keep your distance, buddy’. In the chilled food section, I had a moment when I thought I might sneeze, and I worried that if I did, security guards would bundle me up into a bag to be dispatched the hospital. On my list of items to buy was black pepper, but I skipped that, fearing that a whiff of pepper might induce a sneezing fit.

Back home, gloves discarded, hands washed, items sprayed, I pondered the craziness of it all as I savoured my cup of hot miso soup from Japan. All of my shopping could be in vain if I get the virus. One of the first symptoms noted by doctors in Europe is that those with the coronavirus lose their sense of smell and taste.

Keith Lyons ( is an award-winning writer, author and creative writing mentor, with a background in psychology and social sciences. He has been published in newspapers, magazines, websites and journals around the world, and his work was nominated for the Pushcart prize. Keith was featured as one of the top 10 travel journalists in Roy Stevenson’s ‘Rock Star Travel Writers’ (2018). He has undertaken writer residencies in Antarctica and on an isolated Australian island, and in 2020 plans to finally work out how to add posts to his site Wandering in the World (

Corona Virus: What’s happening?

By Ugo Bardi from Florence, Italy

The first epidemiology studies date back to 1927, when two British researchers, Kermack and McKendrick, developed the “SIR” model (susceptible, infected, removed), still used today. However, the basis of these studies was the previous work of the American Alfred Lotka and the Italian Vito Volterra. A few years earlier, they had developed the model that we now call “Lotka-Volterra,” but also “predator-prey,” or “foxes and rabbits” (although neither Lotka nor Volterra ever spoke of foxes or rabbits).

Let’s explain. Imagine a green islet in the middle of the sea, populated by only two species: foxes and rabbits (there is no such island, but let’s take it as a hypothetical example). The population of foxes (predators) tends to grow when rabbits (prey) are abundant. It grows so fast that, at some point, the surviving rabbits can no longer reproduce quickly enough to replace those eaten by the foxes. The rabbit population reaches a maximum and then falls. At this point, the foxes starve. With few foxes around, the remaining rabbits can reproduce peacefully and the cycle begins again.

The model is based on the idea that predators tend to take more resources than nature can replace: it is what we now call “overexploitation” It always ends badly, but the model describes the trajectory of the populations that first grow and then collapse as a bell-shaped curve. An example of a real case is that of St. Matthew Island in the Pacific. There were no reindeer on the island before the US Navy brought some, in 1944. In a couple of decades they became thousands, they devoured all the grass, and then almost all died of starvation. Then, a couple of particularly harsh winters exterminated the last individuals, sick and hungry. Reindeer was the predators and grass the prey: a classic case of resource overexploitation.

Not that the model can explain the complex interactions in a whole ecosystem, but it is useful to provide us with a framework for what’s happening. And we can use it to understand the current epidemic. It is the same thing: the virus is the predator and the prey is us. The population of the virus is growing rapidly as it always happens when resources are abundant. But soon the virus will begin to run out of prey, fortunately not because infected people die (some, unfortunately, do). They are no longer prey because they become immune. Indeed, the epidemic is following the bell-shaped trajectory predicted by the Lotka-Volterra model.

So, nothing unexpected. Viruses are creatures looking for resources just like we do. They’re doing nothing different than what we did in the past by exterminating species like mammoths or the dodo. And, today, with the huge expansion of the human population over the last 1000-2000 years, we have become a great hunting ground for so many micro-organisms, also because of our tendency to live in crowded cities where it is easier to get infected. Thus, the past history is full of epidemics: plague, smallpox, cholera, influenza and many others.

In a way, we are at war: viruses attack us and we defend ourselves with vaccines, antibiotics, hygiene, and our immune system. But, if it’s a war, we won’t necessarily win it. Maybe we’ll find a vaccine for the Sars-VOC-2 virus, but don’t expect miracles.

Actually, species do not make wars against each other: they adapt, that’s how the ecosystem works. Viruses and bacteria are seen almost only causes for diseases, but our body hosts a large number of them and of many different species. They are not parasites, many are “symbionts” – creatures that help us with so many things, think of our intestinal bacterial flora. So, in time, we’ll end up adapting. And the virus will adapt, too.

Ugo Bardi teaches physical chemistry at the University of Florence, in Italy and he is also a member of the Club of Rome. He is interested in resource depletion, system dynamics modeling, climate science and renewable energy. Contact: ugo.bardi(whirlything)

This essay was first published in

Notes from Myanmar: Humans versus Viruses

A reflection on Covid-19 virus outbreak by San Lin Tun

Deserted roads in Yangon

Birds are at ease, showing no worries, looking down at the helter-skelter of humans, struggling and striving to survive under this ruthless virus’ attack. Before that, birds caused flu and migratory birds could not be seen easily. That time, people hated birds; they stopped bird watching for the fear posed by the threat of bird flu. Birds migrated from one end of the world to another, crossing boundaries, as was their natural tendency. Now, the Covid-19 virus is traveling almost throughout the world.

We normally tend to look for experts to resolve emergencies or crisis. Why are the experts silent while human’s freedom has been attacked by the pandemic outbreak? Have humans transgressed the territories of the virus or their liberty? Or is it retaliation for human follies? People think that their lives are cosy and fine within the contexts of capitalism and democracy. They have, however, in their complacent existence, forgotten to think of emergencies like pandemics, the outbreak of anti-heroes and antithesis to blissful living.

Governments only set regulations to restrict human traffic and impose lockdowns on cities, poured funds to regain faltering economies after earlier crises. Now, people are at a loss and they do not know to whom they should turn to. They are realising they have to rely on themselves. They might wonder where their heroes are. They feel repentant for having done nothing, only things to destroy or to jeopardize world harmony, pouring budgets to manufacture hazardous equipment.

The outbreak of virus has restricted all-inclusive human activities, moving freely within the compass of the world and even posing a threat to human rights. We have been attacked by unknown and unseen enemies which are too small to see but powerful enough to cause a havoc in the whole human population. Scientists are now racing to search for the vaccines to combat its outbreak. What about other professions and creative industry? They should also join in fighting against this virus outbreak. Food, clothes and shelter are the three necessary things for humans daily needs. Maybe they can think of ways to provide these.

Professionals worldwide should form a think tank to come up with good and genuine ideas to combat this existing threat. There might be some ways to curb or contain the spread.

People-to-people contact carries virus which transmit person to person. In sci-fi movies or novels, we will find these alternatives and the creative minds will think up the following:

  1. Why not design virus repellent/protective outfits to wear when you go out?
  2. Why not create self- air purifying masks?
  3. Why not invent virus scanning goggles?
  4. Why not produce virus detecting devices?
  5. Why not manufacturing super-booster pills?
  6. Why not . . .?
  7. Why not . . .?
  8. . . .?

All these gadgets are only available in Sci-fi movies or fiction.  If we have those in real world, our lives would not have been disrupted to this level. All solutions tend to prevent virus containment in food, clothes and shelter. The blue planet belongs to the human race. Viruses have only one purpose that is to destroy. They cannot travel, only humans carry them.

Humans do not know the number of them. But they know they are lethal. So, people fear. Fear deters human intelligence to think or create properly, causing panic in people’s minds. Then, it will be hard to be in touch with witticisms under these trying circumstances where so many are petrified by the fear and horror of it.

They know that their liberty is disturbed, and they lose their freedom. Then, they are looking for the stable system to cope with their crises. They know that the only way to end this crisis is to get vaccines.

As for a miracle, men like to look for philosopher stones or magic wands to alter the circumstances and create a virus free world. You can say fantasies can ring a note of hope that will lighten anxious minds and bring a sense of cheer to the depressed. As we ponder realistically or miraculously, we will definitely find a solution to wage the counter-attack on viruses. And, the virus crisis will end.

San Lin Tun is a freelance writer of essays, poetry, short stories and novels from Myanmar and English. Sometimes, he draws cartoons for fun. His writings has appeared in Asia Literary Review, Kitaab, Mad in Asia Pacific, Mekong Review, NAW, PIX, Ponder Savant, South East of Now, Strukturriss and several others. He has authored ten books including ‘‘An English Writer’’. He lives in Yangon, Myanmar.

When the Quotidian Wrote our Notes of Isolation

By Nabina Das

We were brought up by folks who respected the encrusted time,

wound in their watches every morning, opened windows to days.

They swept the morning breeze with either their prayerful ways

or brisk footprints out about the gardens of mint and marigolds.

We were taught to eat with hands but not lick the fingers too much,

sometimes given spoons to scoop up manners away from the old world.

Also made to brush our shoes black as squeaky bumblebees on the run,

rub wet chalk every Saturday on the white canvaswear like ghost tales.

Visitors in that world arrived often without having to sniff their hands

from stiff alcohol smells. No furtive glances. They kept wearing shoes.

We were brought up by a man and a woman who valued hugging

and cracking a silly joke or two, elbows pirouetting at the dining table.

They took us to the movies where women with small breasts got laughs

and even men with clownish big arms were thought to be big bores.

Solitude meant suddenly finding hand holding in unexpected places.

A decade has now gone. Taking away easy tactile closeness with it.

Nothing changed as we spotted snails in the grass; she still cooked

while he got the monthly grocery home counting money with care.

Days of déjà vu-ing didn’t matter and he read the inscrutable Prufrock

in his gong-wide voice; she sang full throated. But it wasn’t called strategy.

Nothing took the rhythm away from books and ink and weekends,

ice cream treats, water color tablets in tin boxes, the neat domestic talk.

It’s not to say we did not hop mad after the moon or swoon in rains

brought mud in our feet, ran amok like twisters on the sleepy town.

He sneezed too hard some days and scared the alley cat and she

scanned the city in her tiny feet, eyes lush gooseberries and face small.

The music was always a rousing breeze through the receptive ceiling,

the food was quite reluctant to let its own vital aroma fade and die

I often read through my story books learning to spell: i-s-o-l-a-t-i-o-n

hidden within the Kamasutra. The neighborhood lay in erotic repose.

What was missing, oh, what was missing, people sometimes asked in jest:

not the doorknobs, not the bloody ancestors, not new birds on chipping beams.

Nabina Das is a poet and writer based in Hyderabad. She has published three books of poetry, one short fiction collection, and one novel. In the age of Corona virus, she tackles here the questions of isolation already experienced while she grew up in Guwahati, Assam, among ginger roots and swamp dragonflies.

In time of a growing pandemic: Some thoughts

By Zeenat Khan

On Sunday morning, I hardly noticed that the Japanese Magnolia outside my study room window is in full bloom as it is mid-March. Every year, in late winter, some of the area trees do flower before leaves start to come. That is the first sign to remind us that spring is upon us. There is an undeniably joyous feeling to it and most of us get busy in planning flurries of activities after a long winter. But on Friday afternoon, at 3 PM President Trump declaring National Emergency had everyone put in a panic mode. He had to do it because of the growing spread of the corona virus across states as it is affecting 49 states now. After that, there was no time to enjoy or contemplate about the advancing season.In time of crisis it is hard to put feelings into words. The anxiety that is gripping the world is very challenging. To say people are feeling “scared” is an understatement to describe the kind of fear the people around the world seem to be feeling. The signs are everywhere you go in big and small way, it is written on the faces of people.

Instead of going to the nursery to choose spring flowering plants, people were frantically going to supermarkets to load up on supplies this weekend. The erratic fear is that the supply chain will be seriously disrupted in case of a serious pandemic. There will be no one to drive the interstate supply trucks if thousands of people fall sick to the virus. This year that feeling of urgency to make a to-do list has been seriously diminished by the corona virus epidemic. Now the priority for most people is to plan for the very uncertain next few months. The virus is acting as a metaphor the populist leaders such as Trump fear and detest about the outside world. It is clear that the world leaders are not working together in an effective and coordinated way to contain the spread of the virus and that is really scary. During the day, there are so many new updates on the virus and its spread that it is hard to keep track. Within 24 hours things can take a dramatic turn, as a lot can happen in that time. Trump so far has pledged 50 billion to fight this.

No matter what you do or how many precautions you take, the virus news is on your mind constantly. For the last few days, I have been feeling slightly depressed seeing many conflicting news and what it means globally as we are one big society. Last night, just before going to bed, it was disheartening to read in that the spread of corona virus in Iran has shown no sign of slowing down. Iran’s foreign minister Mohammad Javad Zarif has made a public plea for sanctions to be eased and medical supplies. He also wrote a letter to the UN Secretary General sating US sanctions “obstacles to the sale of medicine, medical supplies and humanitarian goods.”

It really hit hard that from March 13; Broadways theaters in New York City have gone dark and will remain so for a month at least. Broadway is the symbol of resilience and life in New York. Last time it had closed for 48 hours after 9/11. The premise that the show must go on has been defeated as it is no match against the threat of COVID-19. When I was emailing my daughter Friday evening,I called the virus an “invisible enemy” as that is what came to mind spontaneously. I keep on sending her news updates knowing full well that she is on top of things. The mother in me feels protective of her even though she is a grown up and has been a faculty member in one of the prestigious colleges in New England for the last 2 years. In response, she sends me the forward of the email from the college President that went to all the faculty members saying when the last in person class is going to be. He reassures that his institution is still safe from the virus as no one was tested for the virus. So he presumes everyone is safe and to wait another week and be done with the classes before spring break. After that the remainder of the semester will be online. She informed me that it’s a lot of pressure there to convert everything to online learning as the graduate classes she teaches are not meant to be online. But most of the faculty members feel the college should have closed the in person classes and should have done what other institutions in that state and all the adjoining states did. They all cancelled classes and sent everyone home after one student tested positive in another college very close by. As I was writing this piece I got information from my daughter where she said, “Yes, everything has closed as of last night.”

There are so many expert opinions that people are not sure which way to go as they themselves are not sure. Some argue that society cannot be shut down completely. But that is exactly what is happening. Italy is under total lock down. Spain is following Italy in terms of isolating towns and cities to reduce the spread of the virus. Each government is doing what they see is the right thing to do to save a large numbers of people escape this dreadful virus. Last night I heard on the radio that France is closing all restaurants among other things to limit the spread of the virus.

As I am editing this article on a Sunday afternoon, I can see the park across from my dining room window. Usually, on a warm day like today, the park is filled with children playing. There has been total silence there this weekend. Only I see a person walking around the park to get his daily exercise. According to WHO reports children are not at great risk for corona virus. But the parents are not taking any chances. The stillness in the neighbourhood is very eerie. Sometimes in late summer, it feels similar, as most families are on vacation before school starts in late August. This is an extraordinary time that calls for drastic measures to be taken. All Maryland schools shut down a week ago to avoid person to person contact. Many working parents were forced to find childcare for them. All the schools had sent letters home to parents asking the students not to return to school after spring break. Meanwhile, massive cleaning operations are underway in all the schools and colleges. Maryland’s corona virus cases continue to rise and as of this writing governor Larry Hogan’s office has confirmed 31 cases including five new cases overnight. He has declared state of emergency two weeks ago to get federal aid package that will facilitate to treat the disease faster.

The biggest dilemma for most families is how much food to store anticipating the worst. There are a couple of You Tubers that I follow from time to time. One of them is a lady in London. Yesterday, she posted a video as to how she is preparing for the coming weeks and months. For a family of five, among dry and frozen foods,she had dragged a sixty-pound Basmati rice bag to her third floor flat when the elevator was not working. The dry food items consisted of every kind of lentils and other nonperishable canned food that will last for months. Another vlogger had shown her followers how she is disinfecting her apartment with homemade solutions in Toronto. She was not that lucky to load up on supplies as the supermarket shelves are getting empty very fast and the lines are very long. And yes, the toilet paper panic is going in full force there as well like in Australia and America. The internet is floating with corny Toilet Paper jokes.

In my local supermarket, the cleaning and paper towel isles were totally empty when we went last Thursday night. The store was super crowded and many families came with children. Each member grabbed a shopping cart and was piling up every imaginable kind of food as if they will be facing a famine. We might, but we just don’t know. One couple was arguing over which super-size peanut butter to get. I looked at my cart with a week’s worth of supplies failing to make a decision as to how much food can I load for two people expecting the nastiest pandemic. Later on,I get a text from my daughter urging me not to go the supermarket and instead to have it delivered. I told her I don’t know while bagging my order if anyone will sneeze on my food and whether I will accept the bags thinking it is all safe. In time of crisis we can all descend into full scale paranoia. However,I console myself that perhaps in worst case scenario, the National Guard will feed people in the community if we all run out on supplies. But nonetheless, most of Saturday we were busy buying weeks’ worth of supplies from three different stores like others.

In the midst of all the uncertainties, people are naturally panicking and acting like we are facing a war, in this instance with the ‘invisible virus.’ The news media is relentless in politicizing every issue particularly emphasizing the good prime minister of Canada vs bad president of US as the punchline after Justin’s wife Sophie Trudeau tested positive for the corona virus. Justin Trudeau is self-isolating him and working from home. Donald Trump was in close contact with some of the Brazilian delegates and one of them has confirmed that he has become infected with corona virus. Trump was standing right next to that person in his Florida Golf Club estate and there are pictures to prove it. Yet the White House at first denied the president having any contact with that person. Later Trump downplayed it saying that he is “not concerned.” No one can make sense of why he would say something like this after emphasizing the importance of social isolation and self-quarantine. Why Trump shouldn’t be concerned nor get tested boggled everyone’s mind. In this instance Trudeau looks to be the sensible person and as usual Trump is ignorant and obstinate. Later, on Friday he said would “likely” receive a coronavirus test “fairly soon” even as he minimized the prospects of having contracted the virus from a Brazilian press aide. The early reports were wrong and the Brazilian leader later announced he tested negative. But the episode “underscored the tenuous position Trump now finds himself: exposed to at least one person who has tested positive, in regular contact with others who have self-quarantined and under pressure to test himself.” After that he said on Friday afternoon that “most likely” he will get tested. Then he went ahead and had him tested on Friday night awaiting results.

It is unfathomable how Trump threw a lavish party with foreign dignitaries in these uncertain times by exposing himself to people who were later tested positive for the virus. Many of his family members were also at the party dancing away.

Amid darkness there is still hope and we need to take one day at a time and brace ourselves for a positive outcome. Until then, there is no choice but to follow the guidelines and try our best to keep us healthy. Amid the corona virus updates there are still other news stories that give me hope. Three Turkish men were sentenced last week to 125 years in prison for their part in Aylan Kurdi, 2-year-old Syrian boy’s drowning. We will never forget Aylan face down on a Turkish beach in 2015. Aylan died with his 5-year-old brother and their mother, only the father survived.When you read about the fate of Aryan’s killers, you think there is still justice in the world.

Humor is something that also keeps us from over worrying and going over the edge. Pete Buttigieg served an example as to how to keep humour alive when he was filling in for Jimmy Kimmel on Thursday night’s talk show on ABC. He was trying to make television audiences laugh who only consisted of the producers and crew members sitting at six feet apart. There are no live audiences now. As Pete finds himself unemployed after he dropped out of the presidential race, and no longer the mayor of South Bend, he went looking for a supposed job (any job) in Los Angeles. This was a prop for the show as it is often done as a segment. With his Harvard and Oxford degrees, Pete Buttigieg lands a job giving out free samples of pretzels to passersby. Wearing an apron with the store logo he stands in front of the store holding a tray. When he gave one person a second helping, the burly African American woman manager fires him on his first day. Moments like this makes you laugh really hard and for a few minutes and you forget how the nation is gripped in erratic fear.

Also, as you read the comic strip prepared by DrRavindra Khaiwal&Dr Suman Mor published in the Counter Currents, you learn how Superhero Vaayu comes to the rescue to explain to the kids in simple terms what corona virus is as they are in panic. Vaayu at the end asks the children to “follow the simple steps and break the chain of infection.” You as well think that we will beat this provided we follow all the basic hygiene and guidelines to contain the virus. Such expressions in a comic strip certainly gives you hope and you believe it with an almost childlike innocence.

I am an optimist by nature – there are solutions to each problem, even the deadly corona virus. As we go through these tough times, thinking of spring, a new start, can be immensely helpful. We cannot give into fear, doom and gloom, and we need to keep our spirits up. I hope, spring will symbolise new life and we will be absorbed in nature’s essence. In about a month, hopefully, I will be looking at the happy bluebird in my backyard, the robins and sparrows hopping and jumping in the new grass, and hear the sound of children playing outside. I believe we can defeat the “invisible enemy” and one day COVID-19 will just be a distant memory. May the force be with us.

Zeenat Khan writes from Maryland, USA

This was originally published in


Landscape of Emotions

This wall painting is based on a piece of crumpled paper. Many Tints of grey, black and white match facets in the damaged paper. The pattern resembles a cross-section of granite or other crystalline rock, the starting point is something quite fragile. A crumpled piece of paper is usually thrown away, considered a failure. But often mistakes can open up new pathways. The „wrong” way may turn out to be much more interesting than the original, intended destination. The damage done to a piece of paper is irreversible, therefore it’s impossible to make it smooth again once it’s been crumpled. Similarly, other forms of damage, psychological, historical or geological, may also be impossible to repair; they remain hidden while at the same time
giving shape to the visible landscape.

Author Rachel Price Bacon, USA

Bažnyčios str. 38, Marijampolė


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