Frozen Egg

Frozen Egg
Name: unnamed
Species: Pandorum
Birthday: Monday, February 20, 2017
Owner: whitewolfjustice
Mother: unnamed
Father: unnamed

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Stage Progress: 0.00%
Overall Progress: 0.00%

This egg has two small, tufted tails.

Among the non-magical population, these creatures are considered a sign of disaster to come. Unlike other magical creatures that may portend hard times for an entire community, the sight of a pandorum is taken as a sign that something will befall a particular person, and the sight of one creates anxiety about who the victim may be and what sort of harm may come to them. The origin of this terror is the belief that only evil magi can summon these creatures, and do so in order to take revenge or cause harm to a person they dislike. At the keep, the rumors are more complex, and state that evil magi strike a bargain with their pandorum on the night these creatures gain the power of speech. The bargain goes two ways—for one night, the pandorum will do whatever the magi says. One night after that, the pandorum will do whatever it wants, and will take the powers of the magi for that night to do so. The stick carried by the females is suspected to be used as a wand when the creature takes its magi’s magic on the one night a year they are able to carry out their own wishes. Legends and old songs tell tales of dark magi in the past causing havoc during long winter nights through bargains struck with these creatures. Defenders of pandorum, however, claim that there are also stories told of these creatures where the pandorum fixes whatever damage it caused at the command of the magi on the night it has the most freedom. Whether the rumors are true or not, pandorum are regarded with wariness in the Keep by all but the bravest magi.

Sprite art: Tekla | Description: Raneth


Learn all about the three major cultures that are associated with the various Lotus flower meaning: those of Egyptology, Hinduism and Buddhism. Few flowers are as important to Eastern cultures as the Lotus, and each culture ascribes a slightly different meaning to the flower. Dive into the. Lotus definition, a plant believed to be a jujube or elm, referred to in Greek legend as yielding a fruit that induced a state of dreamy and contented forgetfulness.

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The lotus flower symbolizes beauty and spirituality in several cultures and religions of the world. Lotus definition: A lotus or a lotus flower is a type of water lily that grows in Africa and Asia. | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples. The mud represents an importance in the meaning of the lotus flower in Buddhism. All humans are born in a world where there is suffering. 4 days ago Lotus flower tattoos are widely preferred by tattoo lovers all around the world. Most popular designs, meaning, historical significance. The history and symbolism of the lotus flower dates back thousands of years. Nothing is more spiritual than this flower.

Anybody who has ever seen a lotus flower growing and emerging from a dirty pond can't help but see the beauty and deeper meaning that this. Definition of lotus - either of two large water lilies., a plant whose fruit induced a dreamy forgetfulness and an unwillingness to leave., the flower o. "have you ever had sex in a lotus? it really hits that spot " Specific meanings depend on the color of the petals, and whether the bud is closed or blooming. Padma is an aquatic plant that plays a central role in Indian religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Jainism. The lotus flower has many different names such as the "Indian Lotus", the Dictionary of Hindu Lore and Legend.

The significance of lotus flower in Hinduism, Buddhism, Chinese and Egyptian cultures, lotus flower meaning and symbolism are explained in. Like I mentioned earlier, Lotus flower carries a very important symbolic meaning within. There are many hidden meanings related to the Lotus flower that make is . The lotus is one of Buddhism's most recognizable symbols of enlightenment and is important in many Buddhist traditions. What is the meaning of a lotus tattoo? The meaning varies on culture, religion, mythology, and more. Read more here to learn about lotus tattoo.

The lotus flower represents one symbol of fortune in Buddhism. It grows in muddy water, and it is this environment that gives forth the flower's.


14 Ikubi kissaki Damadge

15 Masamune (Sano)15 Masamune hamon (Sano)

42|Part 2 of —– 8|Overview of the Kamakura Period Sword 1192-1333)

This is the second part of chapter 8.

Kamakura period was the golden age of sword making.  Approximately, half of the well-known swords at present time was made during the Kamakura period.  Probably because of the war between Genji and Heishi demanded large number of swords, and had a live experience to improve the sword.  Also, Emperor Gotoba (後鳥羽) invited many able swordsmiths to his palace and treated them highly and encouraged them to create a good sword by giving them the ranks.  During the Kamakura period, the technique of sword making improved greatly.

Middle Kamakura Period —- Yamashiro Den (山城伝)

Middle Kamakura period was the height for the Yamashiro Den.  Among Yamashiro Den, there are three major groups (or families).  They are Ayano-koji group (綾小路 ) Awataguchi group (粟田口), and Rai group (来).  Among the  Awataguchi group, six swordsmiths received the honor of the “Goban-kaji “ from the Emperor Gotoba (後鳥羽上皇 ).  Awataguchi is the name of the area in Kyoto.  Ayanokoji ( 綾小路 ) group lived at Ayanokoji area in Kyoto.  My sword textbook had a note that I saw Ayanokoji Sadatoshi (綾小路定利 ) on March 22nd, 1972.  The note said O-Suriage, Funbari, narrow body and jinie.  I should have written more in detail then, had I known I am writing the website in the future.  Rai group started from Rai Kuniyuki (来国行 ).  Rai Kuniyuki and Ayanokoji Sadatoshi are said to have a close friendship.  Rai Kuniyuki created many noted swords.  His famous Fudo Kuniyu (不動国行) was owned by Shogun Ashikaga Yoshiteru (将軍足利義輝 ) then changed hand to Matsunaga Danjo (松永弾正)  then to Oda Nobunaga ( 織田信長 ) to Akechi Mitsuhide (明智光秀 ), then to Toyotomi Hideyoshi (豊臣秀吉).  This sword was held by Toyotomi Hideyoshi’s arm for the memorial service of Oda Nobunaga.  Rai Kuniyuki’s son is Niji Kunitoshi.  He also created noted swords.

Middle Kamakura Period —– Bizen Den (備前 )

Bizen Den in Heian period is called Ko-Bizen.  They are similar to the one to Yamashiro-Den style.  The height for the Bizen-Den was Middle Kamakura period.  Bizen (Okayama prefecture now) has many ideal aspects of sword making.  The weather is good, produced good steel, abundant fuel nearby, and conveniently situated.  Naturally many swordsmiths moved there and became the main place to produce swords.  Bizen made a large number of swords, their quality level is higher than any other places, and more famous swordsmiths came out.  Fukuoka Ichimonji Norimune (則宗) and his son Sukemune (助宗 ) received the honor from the Emperor Gotoba.  Among the Osafune group(長船), famous Mitsutada (光忠) and Nagamitsu (長光)appeared.  My father owned four Mitsutada.  Three Tachi and one Tanto.  He was so proud that he owned four Mitsutada, he made his tailor monogrammed inside of his suite as Mitsutada.  From Hatakeda group (畠田), Hatakeda Moriie (畠田守家), from Ugai (鵜飼) group, Unsho (雲生 ), Unji (雲次), and Kunimune (国宗) appeared.  Because of a large number of the swordsmiths in Bizen, a large number of swords exists, also, each swordsmith has its own characteristic, Kantei for Bizen can be a very complex process.  This is the time Ikubi Kissaki started to appear.

The below are my father’s four Bizen Osafune Mitsutada.  My father took those pictures many years ago at home by himself.  You can see he is not much of a photographer.  The writing on the square white paper is written by him.  He wrote the name of the swordsmith, the period it was made, which Daimyo owned in the past and classification.

The classification of the sword from the top

1. National treasure     2.Juyo Bunkazai      3.Juyo Bijutu Hin       4.Juyo Token                        The rest is omitted

Bizen Osafune Mitsutada  (Juyo Bunkazai)      Bizen Osafune Mitsutada  (Juyo Bunkazai)

Bizen Osafune Mitsutada  (Juyo Token)           Bizen Osafune Mitsutada (Juyo Bunkazai )

Late Kamakura Period —– Soshu Den (相州伝 )

At the end of the Kamakura Period, Yamashiro Den started declining.  At this time, many swordsmiths moved to Kamakura area under the new power of Kamakura Bakufu (鎌倉幕府) by the Hojo clan.  The new group, Soshu Den (相州伝 ) started to emerge.  From Bizen, Fukuoka Ichimonji Sukezane (福岡一文字助真) and Kunimune (国宗) moved to Kamakura.  From Yamashiro Den Awataguchi, Kunitsuna (国綱) moved to Kamakura.  Those are the one who originated the Soshu Den in Kamakura area.  Kunitsuna’s son is Tosaburo Yukimitsu, then his son is famous Masamune ( 正宗 )Other than Kamakura area, Rai Kunitsugu (来国次), Go-no-Yoshihiro  (郷義弘) from Ettshu (越中) province, Samoji  (左文字) from Chikuzen province (筑前) were the active swordsmiths.

18|Nanboku(Yoshino) Cho Period History—— North and South Dynasty History(1333-1393)

18 Nanbokucho time line

The circle indicates the time we are discussing in this section.

After Jokyu-no-Ran (11|Jokyu-no-ran ), the power of the Imperial court declined significantly.  The Hojo clan who were the main power during the Kamakura period began to have the financial difficulty and started to lose the control over the local lords. One of the reasons was that the cost incurred by the Mongolian invasion. The Kamakura Bakufu (government) could not reward the local lords who worked hard at this war. The local lords became very dissatisfied with the Kamakura Bakufu.  Seeing this as a chance, the Emperor Go-Daigo twice attempted to attack Kamakura Bakufu but failed both times and he was exiled to Oki island. Meantime, Ashikaga Takauji (足利尊氏) and several other groups of Samurai who were opposing the Kamakura Bakufu, gathered their power and succeeded in destroying the Kamakura Bakufu (1333). This ends the Kamakura period. The Emperor Go-Daigo, who had been exiled to Oki island returned to Kyoto and attempted established political reforms. This is called Kenmu-no-Chuko (建武の中興).  This new policy failed to satisfy the most of the ruling class.  Taking advantage of this situation, Ashikaga Takauji attacked Imperial court in Kyoto, deposed the Emperor Go-Daigo and placed the other branch of the Royal family on the imperial throne.  But the Emperor Go-Daigo insisted upon his legitimacy, moved to Yoshino (located the South of Kyoto) and established a rival Imperial court.  Thus began the North and the South dynasty.  Much strife between the North and the South and also, both side had their own problems within themselves.  Eventually more Samurai group went under the control of North dynasty.  About 60 years later, Southern dynasty was compelled and accepted the Ashikaga clan’s proposal. Thus, established the North Dynasty as the legitimate imperial court.  This 60 years is the time called Nanboku-Cho or Yoshino-Cho period.  During Nanboku-Cho period, Samurai demanded larger and showy, and practical swords.  Soshu Den was its height of their prominence.  That does not mean only Soshu group made all the swords.  Other schools and other provinces also made Soshu Den style swords.

Early Soshu den time (that is late Kamakura period), Yukimitu (行光), Masamune (正宗) and Sadamune (貞宗) were representative swordsmiths.   Middle Soshu den time (that is North and South dynasty time), Hiromitu (広光), Akihiro (秋広) were representative swordsmiths.  Late Soshu den time (that is Muromachi period), Hiromasa (広正), Masahiro (正広) was the representative swordsmiths.

14|Late Kamakura Period History （鎌倉後期）

14 Timeline                                                     The circle represents the time we are discussing in this section

GENKO 元寇  (1274 and 1281)

The grandson of Genghis Kahn, Khubilai Kahn attempted to invade Japan two times in 1274 and 1281.  Both times, a strong typhoon hit Japan.  Mongol sent a large number of soldiers with all kinds of supplies on their huge numbers of ships.  Those ships had to dock side by side and front and back very closely at the limited area of the shore of Kyushu.   When the strong wind came, ships were swayed, hit each other and capsized.  Many people were drowned and lost supplies in the water.  Even though they landed and attacked Japan, because of the typhoon and ships wrecking, they left Japan.  As a result, Japan won.   Actually, Mongol had many superior weapons than the Japanese.  They had guns, the Japanese did not.  Their group fighting method was much more superior and effective than Japanese individual fighting method.  This is the time the word “Kamikaze” (God wind)  was created.

After the Mongolian invasion, the need for changing the style of the Ikubi Kissaki became obvious.  When swords were used in a war, the most frequently damaged area was a Kissaki area.  Japanese soldiers used mostly Ikubi Kissaki swords in this war.  The Ikubi Kissaki Tachi has a short Kissaki, therefore, when the damaged area of the Kissaki was polished down for repairing, the top part of the Yakiba (tempered area) disappeared and the Hi (groove) goes up too high in the Boshi area (top triangle-like area).  Functionally, short Ikubi Kissaki becomes even shorter, and Hi goes up too high into a Boshi area became a flaw.  To compensate for this flaw, a new style began to appear in the later part of the Kamakura period

14 Ikubi kissaki Damadge

During the latter part of the Kamakura period, the swordsmiths began to create a new style of swords to compensate for this fault.  Also, people’s enthusiasm (that was raised by driving back Mongolian) reflected on the surface of swords.  Generally speaking, Hamon and shape of the body became showy and stronger looking.

Kamakura became a very prosperous place under the power of the Hojo family.  A large number of swordsmiths moved to Kamakura from Bizen, Kyoto and other places during this time and created a new style.  This is the beginning of Soshu school (presently Kanagawa prefecture area).  Many famous top swordsmiths appeared during this time.  One of the famous swordsmiths is Masamune.  Masamune’s tomb is in Honkaku-Ji temple that is about 5 minutes walk from the Kamakura train station.  When I was attending the sword study group of Mori Sensei(teacher), one of the students I studied with was the 24th generation of direct descendants of Masamune.  His name is Yamamura, he still makes wonderfull swords in Kamakura.  He also makes superb kitchen knives too.  To find his place, ask the information center at the Kamakura train station.


‘Where Do I Belong’ Series By Kristina Varaksina

Kristina Varaksina is a New York-based, Russian photographer on the lookout of her place in the world. After years of living in the United States, she has not arrived at a moment to consider herself fully ‘American’. It is the feeling of non-belonging that led to a photography series of self-portraits. Taken at strangers’ homes, each visual reflects a sense of alienation and a desire to fit in. Dreamy and ethereal photographs examine the idea of leading a different life in a completely different setting.


Responsibilities of directors

Section 66 of the Companies Act No. 71 of 2008 (the "Act") stipulates that the business and affairs of a company must be managed by or under the direction of its board of directors. The Act proceeds to codify the standard of conduct expected of directors and makes provision for directors to incur personal liability in instances of non-compliance. In the current business environment where poor governance and non-compliance with legislation frequent the press headlines, it is as important as ever to remain mindful of the statutory duties of directors.
In this article we will summarise the main provisions of the Act in relation to the responsibilities of directors, instances where directors may incur personal liability and what steps a director can take to ensure he/she meets their obligations in terms of the Act. The intention is not to delve deeply into each section, but to provide a brief overview with references to the relevant sections of the Act to enable further study where needed.

Who is considered a director?

When referring to directors, the Act also includes alternate directors, prescribed officers, members of board committees (even if they are not board members), and members of the audit committee within the scope of being a director.

Regulation 38 clarifies the meaning of prescribed officers – this effectively refers to an individual who, although not being appointed as a director of a company, exercises or regularly participates to a material degree in the exercise of general executive control over and management of the whole or a significant portion of the business and the activities of the company. For example, the financial manager of a private company could, in certain circumstances, be deemed to be a prescribed officer.

Standards of directors’ conduct – Section 76

The Act codified the standard of conduct expected from directors and extends beyond the common law duty of directors with section 76(3) stating that a director must exercise the powers and perform the functions of a director:
  1. in good faith and for a proper purpose;
  2. in the best interests of the company; and
  3. with the degree of care, skill and diligence that may reasonably be expected of a person having the general knowledge, skill and experience of that director.
Section 76(4) of the Act states that in respect of any matter arising in the exercise of the powers or the performance of the functions of a director, a director will have satisfied the obligations in section 76(3) of the Act, if the director:
  1. has taken reasonably diligent steps to become informed about the matter (a director is entitled to rely on the performance of employees, committees, legal counsel, accountants or other professionals);
  2. either had no material personal financial interest in the subject matter or complied with the requirements of section 75 (dealt with below); and
  3. made a decision, or supported the decision of a committee or the board with regard to that matter; and had a rational basis for believing, and did believe, that the decision was in the best interests of the company.
Furthermore, in terms of section 76(2) the director is required to communicate to the board, at the earliest practicable opportunity, any material information related to the subject matter that comes to the director’s attention, unless he or she reasonably believes that the information is publicly available or known to the other directors or is bound by a legal or ethical obligation of confidentiality.

Directors’ personal financial interests – Section 75

Section 75(5) stipulates that if a director has a personal financial interest in respect of a matter considered at a board meeting, the director:
  1. must disclose the interest and its general nature;
  2. must disclose any material information relating to the matter;
  3. may disclose observations or insights if requested to do so by the other directors;
  4. must leave the meeting immediately after making disclosure;
  5. must not take part in the consideration of the matter; and
  6. must not execute any document on behalf of the company in relation to the matter unless specifically requested to do so by the board.
The Act contemplates that non-disclosure by a director renders any decision made by the board in relation to the matter invalid. The decision can however be validated if ratified by an ordinary resolution of shareholders following disclosure of the interest or can be declared valid by the court.

Directors who fail to make proper disclosure of personal financial interests may incur personal liability from shareholders (section 20(6)); the company (section 77(3)) or third parties (section 218(2)). Personal liability of directors is discussed in further detail below.

Liability of directors – Sections 20, 77 and 218

Liability towards shareholders:

Section 20(6) provides for each shareholder to have a claim for damages against any person (thus including directors) who intentionally, fraudulently or due to gross negligence causes the company to do anything inconsistent with the Act or any limitation, restriction or qualification set out in the company’s Memorandum of Incorporation.

Furthermore, directors are specifically excluded in section 20(7) from the protection offered to third parties dealing with a company in good faith. This is expanded on below.

Liability towards the company:

Section 77 prescribes certain statutory liabilities, which are placed on the directors of a company. In terms of section 77(2), a director of a company may be held liable (in accordance with the principles of the common law relating to the breach of a fiduciary duty) for any loss, damages or costs sustained by the company as a consequence of any breach by the director of the duties specifically contemplated in section 76(3)(c), any other provision of the Act and any provision of the company’s Memorandum of Incorporation.

A director is held liable in terms of section 77(3) for any loss, damages or costs sustained by the company as a consequence of the director having:
  1. acted in the name of the company, signed any document on behalf of the company or purported to bind the company or authorise the taking of any action by the company despite lacking the required authority to do so;
  2. carrying on of the company’s business despite knowing that it was conducted recklessly, with gross negligence, with intent to defraud any person or for any fraudulent purpose;
  3. been a party to an act or omission by the company despite knowing that it had a fraudulent purpose;
  4. knowingly or recklessly signed or consented to the publication of a financial statement or prospectus which is false or misleading; and
  5. failed to participate in board meetings and vote in accordance with the requirements of the Act.
Such a director is held personally liable to the company (and to any other affected person) for any consequential loss suffered by the company or such person.

The liability of a director is joint and several with any other person who is or may be held liable for the same act.

Liability towards third parties:

Section 20(7) provides that any person (other than a director) dealing with a company in good faith is entitled to presume that the company, in making any decision in the exercise of its powers, has complied with all the formal and procedural requirements of the Act, the Memorandum of Incorporation and the rules of the company, unless the person knew or reasonably ought to have known of any failure to do so.

Section 218(2) stipulates that any person (thus including directors) who contravenes any provision of the Act is liable to any other person for any loss or damage suffered by that person as a result of that contravention.

Therefore, if a third party deals with a company in good faith, and a director of that company has not complied with the requirements of the Act, the third party (or the company) could hold the director liable for any loss or damage suffered as a result.

How can directors protect themselves against personal liability?

Section 78(2) of the Act provides that any provision of an agreement, other than as provided for in sections 78(4)-(6) dealt with below, the Memorandum of Incorporation or rules of a company, or a resolution adopted by a company, which aims to relieve a director of any duty or liability, or negate, limit or restrict any legal consequences arising from an act or omission that constitutes wilful misconduct or wilful breach of trust on the part of the director, is void.

However (and except to the extent that the Memorandum of Incorporation of a company provides otherwise), a company may, in terms of sections 78(5) and 78(6), indemnify a director in respect of any liability arising other than:
  1. where a director acted recklessly, or despite knowing he or she lacked authority, or with the intent to defraud creditors, or with any other fraudulent purpose;
  2. from wilful misconduct or wilful breach of trust on the part of the director; or
  3. if a fine has been imposed as a consequence of a director having been convicted of an offence.
The company may also in terms of section 78(4) and subject to its Memorandum of Incorporation:
  1. advance expenses to a director to defend litigation in any proceedings arising out of the director’s service to the company; and
  2. indemnify a director for expenses incurred, or to be incurred, for such litigation if such litigation is abandoned, or which exculpates the director, or which arises in respect of any liability for which the company may indemnify the director.
Section 78(7) of the Act provides further, that a company may (subject to its Memorandum of Incorporation) purchase insurance to protect:
  1. a director against liability or expenses for which it is permitted to indemnify a director; and
  2. the company against any liability for which the company is permitted to indemnify a director, or any contingency including any expenses it is permitted to advance in respect of the defending of litigation by a director, or to indemnify a director for such expenses.
In conclusion

In this article we have briefly dealt with the main sections of the Act setting out the responsibilities of directors, potential liabilities that can be incurred and how directors can best ensure compliance. At Meredith Harington we pride ourselves on keeping our client’s interest at heart and would welcome the opportunity to discuss any concerns you may have, and how we can be of assistance, in meeting your responsibilities as director.

1 Oct 2018 14:44

About Hanno le Roux

Audit and Accounting Manager at Meredith Harington


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Lynch Syndrome: For the General Public

What is Lynch syndrome?

Lynch syndrome is an inherited genetic condition that significantly raises a person's risk of developing cancer. The cancer is most frequently in the colon, but it could also be in the stomach, small intestine, liver, gallbladder ducts, urinary tract, brain, skin, and prostate. Women have higher risk of endometrial (lining of the uterus) or ovarian cancer.

A person with Lynch syndrome is at greater risk of developing cancer at a younger age, usually before they are 45 years old. If one parent carries the gene mutation related to Lynch syndrome, there's a 50 percent chance the mutation will be passed on to each child that person has.

Not everyone who carries these mutations develops cancer. For people with a family history of cancer, knowing if you or a person in your family has Lynch syndrome is important so the affected individuals take the steps to prevent illness.

What causes Lynch syndrome?

Lynch syndrome is caused by a mutation, or change, in a type of gene that helps repair DNA. Humans have several of these kinds of genes that help repair DNA, and if one of them stops working because of a mutation, this could cause cancer.

What causes Lynch syndrome?

Lynch syndrome is caused by a mutation in DNA repair genes. The four genes, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2, are responsible for 32 percent, 38 percent, 14 percent and 15 percent of cases, respectively.

When should you see a doctor or genetic counselor about Lynch syndrome?

  • You or someone in your family developed colon cancer before 50 years of age
  • Your family has a history of endometrial cancer
  • You have multiple relatives with tumors of the colon, ovaries, stomach, small intestine, kidney, brain, or liver
  • More than one generation of your family is affected by a particular type of cancer

How is a person diagnosed with Lynch syndrome? What kinds of test are done?

Talking to a doctor or genetic counselor about a family health history is the first step. If particular types of cancer are found in your family, and/or family members develop cancer at ages below 45, then testing may be necessary.

A person may undergo several types of tests, depending on whether or not they or another person in their family developed cancer. Genetic testing can be done to confirm if a person has a mutation, but it is not always useful to test everyone in the family for Lynch syndrome. Speaking to a genetic counselor is important to see which tests should be done.

If a Lynch-syndrome mutation is found, what are the risks for developing cancer?

How much your risk is increased depends on which gene is present in your family and whether you undergo cancer screening to reduce your risk of cancer. However, it is estimated that among those with Lynch syndrome, 30 percent to 74 percent develop colorectal cancer; 28 percent to 60 percent of women develop endometrial cancer; 5 percent to 8 percent develop stomach cancer; and 4 percent to 11 percent of women develop ovarian cancer. The risk for other Lynch syndrome-related cancers is lower, though substantially increased over general population rates.

If Lynch syndrome runs in a family, how can cancer be prevented?

The only proven ways to reduce cancer risk is frequent cancer screenings and preventative surgery when appropriate. Screening helps detect cancer in its earliest stages when it is easiest to treat. Depending on the family, screenings should start between ages 20 and 25 or 10 years before the earliest age of a cancer diagnosis in the family. If you have Lynch syndrome but have not been diagnosed with cancer, your doctor will create a cancer-screening plan appropriate for you.

What are some organizations that provide more information and support for people affected by Lynch syndrome?


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Enterprise Integrations Consultant - Application Integration Webservic

Eingestellt von WaveTel

Gesuchte Skills: Design, Consultant

The enterprise integration consultant takes care of the coordination and implementation of the integration solutions of various projects and is knowledgeable about integration architecture and is capable of applying the integration reference architecture when defining integration solutions. The role has a coordination/technical project management aspect as well as a design and architectural component as you will be responsible for delivering integration designs as well as API/Service designs.
He/she acts as the single point of contact in various IT and business projects on behalf of the enterprise integration services team, the team you will be a member of and therefore represent to ensure consistent solutioning according to guidelines, principles and patterns. As you will be working part time in a varying number of projects, you need to be able to shift focus regularly and manage your work efficiently based on agreed priorities. As the single point of contact to the Enterprise Integrations Services team, acting in several projects, you will manage the integrations work needed for the projects you represent and steer integration developers onsite and potentially remote. The role is a combination of architecture, design and coordination. The balance can switch based on the nature of the ongoing projects at a given time.

You will work in multiple project teams and at the same time will be part of the Enterprise Integration Services competency center, where you will join team meetings and constantly align with your peers.

Preferable the candidate is experienced in:

. Business and Technical Analysis: Responsible for ensuring that the business requirements related to technology are defined and addressed. They also identify relevant technology solutions to overcome the business problems and assuring the realization of business benefits.
. Applying Integration Architecture: Responsible for designing integration solutions that are compliant with architectural standards and guidelines, in cross-functional project teams where you will act as the integration expert. You are responsible for balancing between short term project needs and longer term enterprise needs.

Key Responsibilities

. Keep a track on integration projects and ensure that they meet business requirements, match the integration architecture and project goals
. Fulfill the end user requirements
. Design the integration of applications and services
. Design services and APIs
. Identify and resolve the system issues in a maintainable and future proof way
. Making recommendation of the integration products and services as well as the way to apply them by aligning between the project team and the Enterprise Integration Services Team.
. Work with the analysts, system designers, and business owners to lead in the integration testing phase
. Checking for any issues with the operation of the new applications with the existing system software and applications
. Improve the business process by integration
. Coordinating with all integration developers involved in the projects you're also involved in

Key Skills

. An application integration specialist must have excellent analytical and research skills. S/He must also be in touch with the current technologies and have a sound knowledge of the same.
. Minimum three to five years of experience of application integration using technology like webservices, REST, json, queueing, managed file transfer.
. Preferably experienced in one or more of the following technologies:
. Axway API management
. MS BizTalk Server
. Cleo Harmony managed file transfer
. IBM MQ Series
. Knowledge about various architectures and protocols such as MOM, XSLT, SOA, EDA, REST, XML, FTP, WSDL, and SOAP
. Expert in SOA messaging and concepts
. Expert in service design
. Extensive knowledge about event driven systems, schema, orchestration, mapping, ESB
. Knowledge about secure transmissions (signing, encryption), digital certificates, and PKI
. Strong experience with data architecture and application architecture

Human relations skills

. Customer focused, strong consulting skills.
. Interaction with other people demands understanding, providing support and/or influencing.
. Persuasion and reasoning are mainly based on technical knowledge.
. Must be able to work in a global team and act as a team member

Functional knowledge

. Substantial knowledge of business and ICT processes
. Substantial knowledge of architecture methods and modelling techniques
. Substantial knowledge of BPM knowledge and experience
. Dynamic and motivated personality

  • Einsatzort:

    Eindhoven, Niederlande

  • Projektbeginn:

  • Projektdauer:

    3 months

  • Vertragsart:

  • Berufserfahrung:

    Keine Angabe

Geforderte Qualifikationen


Sikorsky helicopter aiding rebuild of aging infrastructure

Garrett Muranaka and Mitch Cowen Explain HECO’s Plan to Address Aging Infrastructure in T&D World

Addressing Hawaiian Electric Co.'s Aging Infrastructure

HECO has nearly 1,300 transmission structures located on various terrains spanning the island of Oahu. Over half of its transmission structures have been in service for more than 40 years and require replacement. To replace the aging infrastructure, HECO has to address environmental, cultural and right of way challenges.

Mitch Cowen and HECO’s Garrett Muranaka share what it takes to tackle aging infrastructure in this T&D World article, “Transmission Construction Challenges in Paradise.”


Art Education an Integral Part of Brain Development

Brain Development Painting, sculpting, glazing, crafting, drawing, molding: regardless of the type of hands-on art your child or teen is creating, their brain is growing as a result. Recent studies continue to prove this, showing that experiencing art through art education is an integral part of brain development.

Art education helps the brain to actually rewire itself to make stronger and more neural connections, reports Examiner, creating a healthy avenue through which children learn to explore and experience the world. Art teaches creative thinking skills and builds expressive and memory skills.

Regardless of how gifted your child may be in art fields, engaging in an art class offers enrichment the brain needs to grow and develop. Art enrichment comes from challenges and feedback, from environments that encourage exploration of alternative thinking, multiple answers and creative insights.

Substantial data shows most art-centered schools have higher achievement scores in academic areas than non-art centered schools, notes the Child Development Institute. Creating art helps children and teens learn how to make choices and solve problems. They decide which color to use, how to make a line, what size to make a certain shape and more. This allows these young artists to create something that was previously only imagined, making visual manifestations of abstract ideas.

At the other end of the spectrum, being artistic can also help keep people sharp into old age. According to cognitive research of out Germany reported by The Huffington Post, the production of visual art improves interaction between parts of the brain, meaning that making art could even help to delay or negate age-related decline of certain brain functions.

Art allows people of all ages to communicate their feelings, ideas and solutions in a way that is not necessarily verbal or written. This paves the way to new roads of understanding and seeing the world. By instilling an appreciation for art and interest in creativity at a young age, these young people can use art to figure out how they feel and why they feel that way as they navigate through life.

Your children and teens will see the world from a whole new perspective: their own. Art allows us to get in touch with our innermost passions and ideas, giving way to new understanding and experiences.

Enroll your child or teen in an art class today – their brains will thank you later. To learn more about enrollment or any of our art classes for kids and teens, call us today at 508-543-5665.


Debangan is an island in the Philippines under the jurisdiction of Taytay in the province of Palawan. The island lies within the Sulu Sea.

Debangan has an approximate area of 3.43 square kilometers or 1.32 square miles, and roughly has a coastline length of 7.65 kilometers or 4.75 miles. The island is situated at approximately 11.0187, 119.7365. Elevation at these coordinates is estimated at 115 meters or 377.30 feet above mean sea level.

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An integrated remote sensing and GIS analysis of the Kufrah Paleoriver, Eastern Sahara
Ghoneim Eman
Benedetti Michael
El Baz Farouk
Geomorphology, 2012, 139: 242-257.
A combined remote sensing (optical and radar imagery) and GIS (hydrologic network delineation) analysis allows mapping of the Kufrah Paleoriver of Libya and sheds light on its geomorphic evolution during the Neogene. The Kufrah system, which is now largely buried beneath the windblown sands of the Eastern Sahara, drained an area of about 236,000 km(2) in central and southern Libya. The river discharged across a large inland delta to the Al-Jaghbub depression in northern Libya, and ultimately through the Sirt Basin to the Mediterranean Sea. Radar imagery reveals buried features of the landscape including drainage divides, locations of possible stream capture, deeply-incised valleys, and the distal margins of the inland delta. Previous studies have shown that the Kufrah Paleoriver is the successor of the Sahabi River, which drained most of central Libya during the late Tertiary. Satellite imagery supports the concept of large-scale drainage rearrangement in the Quaternary, driven by tectonic subsidence that diverted streamflow and sediment discharge away from the Sahabi basin toward the inland delta of the lower Kufrah basin. Paleochannels crossing the delta suggest that at various times during the Quaternary, the Kufrah Paleoriver either drained externally through the deeply-incised Sahabi Paleochannel to the Mediterranean Sea, or drained internally to paleolakes in the Al-Jaghbub depression. Thick alluvial deposits on the delta and lake margins likely provided a major sediment source to build the Great Sand Sea, which covers the region today. The southwestern branch of the Kufrah drainage is aligned with an elongated trough that connects to the Amatinga River system in Chad. Thus the Kufrah watershed may have served as an outlet from Megalake Chad to the Mediterranean Sea during humid phases of the Neogene. If so, the combined Amatinga/Kufrah system may have served as one of the proposed natural corridors used by human and animal populations to cross the Sahara during the Pleistocene. These findings hold promise for modeling past lake levels and paleoclimates, locating groundwater sources in the region, and exploring for reservoirs of oil and natural gas in the region.
Radar; SRTM; Great Sand Sea; Great Sahara; Inland delta; Paleolakes
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W.H. Chief of Staff John Kelly Can't Get the Confederacy Right

no Confederate flagAs has been widely reported, White House Chief of Staff John Kelly last night on the Laura Ingraham Show said Robert E. Lee was an honorable man and the Civil War was fought because the North and South couldn’t compromise. Kelly was brought into the White House to keep Trump from stepping on verbal landmines. However, he has stepped on a few of his own in recent days.
The unforced historical error comes amid two indictments and the revelation yesterday of an even more damning guilty plea from a former Trump campaign foreign policy advisor George Papadopoulos relating to the Robert Mueller’s Russia investigation.
Some historical matters arouse little passion, some are critical to get right. Anything involving slavery and the Confederacy and understandably critical to get right. And it isn’t difficult. Lee fought for the South in the Civil War which was fought to keep African slavery as a moral good. All the compromising took place before the war and was evil. See, not hard.
A good social media place to look at for a response to Kelly is Ta-Nehesi Coates thread on Lee and the Civil War.
For more from past posts, see below:
Robert E. Lee on slavery – This post contains a letter from Lee to his wife.
The Vice-President of the Confederacy Alexander Stephens on slavery as the reason for the Confederacy – This post contains the words of a speech by Stephens declaring slavery as integral to the new Confederacy.
Unfortunately, it appears that Kelly may have read too much history from David Barton. Barton believes Lee was a good guy and isn’t in favor of removing the Confederate statues. Even though Barton correctly attributes the cause of the Civil War to slavery, he falters on many other alt-right talking points.
And of course, Sarah Huckabee Sanders, W.H. Spokesperson came out and defended Kelly’s comments.

The heads of thousands of sane historians explode.
To follow on social media, click the following links:
Facebook (blog posts and news)
Facebook (Getting Jefferson Right – history news)

David Barton Likens Confederate Statues to Holocaust Ovens

David Barton
David Barton

In an appearance on Friday’s Joe Pags (Joe Pagliarulo) radio show, self-styled historian and Republican strategist David Barton invoked the existence of Nazi ovens and Gestapo headquarters in Germany as analogous to the existence of Confederate monuments in the U.S. You can listen to the podcast here (within the first 10 minutes). A transcript is below:

We’re looking at taking Confederate monuments down, and by the way, from a historical standpoint, if you know your history those monuments don’t scare you. If you know your history in Germany, the fact that you have ovens where the Holocaust occurred. The fact that you have Gestapo headquarters that are now mu – that’s not a problem because you know it’s wrong. And because you know it’s wrong, you can teach the next generation and that’s why you’ll find that Germans are particularly sensitive toward neo-Nazi movements arising in Germany. They don’t tolerate it.  So even though they’re there, they don’t – and so you can do that with history. In Israel, they got great kings like David, but you know what, they’ve also got a monument to Absalom, who was a (unintelligible). They’ve also got a street named after Ahab who was a lousy king. But that helps them know the good, the bad, the ugly.
So when you do Confederate monuments today, we don’t know enough about our own history to know the balance that used to be there and that was part of it. So to put the balance in perspective, when you talk Confederacy, let’s cut right to the chase and say it’s not Confederacy, it’s Southern Democrats, straight out, hands down.

Barton’s Faulty Reasoning

Tributes to the Confederacy aren’t necessarily scary; they are offensive. The analogy Barton attempts to make is bizarre. The ovens and Gestapo headquarters were not preserved by the German government as tributes to the Nazis. Confederate statues are tributes erected many years after the events of the Civil War took place. They were erected to elevate the image of the Confederacy. What the Germans kept was not to elevate the image of the Nazis but to demonstrate the evil. The Confederate symbols and monuments which are being targeted were not erected to show how bad the Confederacy was.
For Barton’s analogy to make sense, there would need to be a movement to bulldoze over the battlefields and other historical locations. I don’t know of any efforts to do this and the conversation between Barton and Pagliarulo didn’t touch on any such movement. Removing monuments placed to sanitize the image of the Confederacy isn’t in that category.
Barton came close to making sense when he accurately said the Germans are sensitive to neo-Nazi elements. In fact, Holocaust denial is a criminal offense as is displaying Nazi symbols. If we take that German example and translate it to the U.S., it would suggest that we should be very sensitive about neo-Confederate elements, such as white supremacists, the KKK, and neo-Nazis. It would suggest that we should not build tributes to the Confederacy and remove the tributes already in place. If Germany could teach us anything, it would be that those monuments should never have been erected in the first place.
About the Gestapo headquarters: Barton seemed to be about to say that the headquarters was a museum. However, those facilities were destroyed after the war. More recently, a museum dedicated to showing the horror of Nazi institutions was built. Again, what the Germans built was not a tribute to Nazism, but what is called the Topography of Terror Documentation Center.  I don’t believe any of the Confederate monuments at issue document the horrors of slavery or the Jim Crow laws which followed.

Barton and Pags Real Target: The Democrats

I think the reason Barton has such a hard time with this issue is because he really wants to make Democrats look bad. He really wants people to understand that the Democrats favored slavery and were behind the KKK. Barton said:

When Landrieu the Governor or the Mayor of New Orleans takes down 4 Confederate monuments, let’s point out that it’s a Democrat mayor taking down 4 Democrat heroes that were heroes in the South. Now would that change the narrative if people knew that today. You bet it would.
The racism narrative would change if, for example, people knew that Democrats openly acknowledged in Congressional hearings that yes, the Ku Klux Klan is our organization, that’s a Democrat arm. Who knows that today? We know so little about our own history that we can’t even tell the good from the bad anymore so we think we have to wipe it out. And does that mean if conservatives take over, we’re going to get rid of the FDR memorial because he was a progressive liberal? Or if liberals get it, were going to get rid of Calvin Coolidge’s home because he was a conservative Republican? Where does it stop at that point? But you don’t worry about it if you know history, but we just don’t know history today.

True, Southern Democrats were defenders of slavery. However, this fact is well known. Anyone who studies the Civil War even a little bit realizes that the party of Lincoln and emancipation was the GOP. However, it is now a Republican president who is defending what he calls the “beautiful statues and monuments.” The Democrats want to take the statues down. It doesn’t matter much that long dead Democrats were racists when the party of Lincoln has shifted to a defense of the Confederate symbols. Why would Republicans want to leave them up? It makes no sense to me.

Barton’s New Lost Cause

When Barry Goldwater failed to support the Civil Rights Act, Martin Luther King, Jr. urged his followers to vote against Goldwater. Although African-American voters had been steadily moving Democrat for several years, Nixon got about one-third of the African-American vote in 1960. The turning point was Goldwater’s opposition to the Civil Rights Act. The historical direction of the African-American vote isn’t about African-Americans not knowing the history of segregationist Southern Democrats, it is about the choices made by GOP leaders over the past 50 years.
Barton’s efforts to bolster Republicans by constantly reminding people about the Lost Cause Democrats is a new kind of Lost Cause. The failings of the modern Republican party are not going to be sanitized by reminders of the failings of the Southern Democrats of the past. If anything, it is admirable that modern Democrats want to make amends and, if possible, atone for the history of the party. Shouldn’t Democrats want to remove these symbols? And shouldn’t Republicans, members of the party of Lincoln, be cheering them on?
Barton referred to Mitch Landrieu, the Democrat mayor of New Orleans. Landrieu’s speech about removing the monuments makes a compelling case for his decision. The mayor spoke about history and pointed out that many of those monuments were attempts to change history.

So, let’s start with the facts. The historic record is clear. The Robert E. Lee, Jefferson Davis, and P.G.T. Beauregard statues were not erected just to honor these men, but as part of the movement which became known as The Cult of the Lost Cause. This ‘cult’ had one goal—through monuments and through other means—to rewrite history to hide the truth, which is that the Confederacy was on the wrong side of humanity.
First erected over 166 years after the founding of our city and 19 years after the end of the Civil War, the monuments that we took down were meant to rebrand the history of our city and the ideals of a defeated Confederacy.
It is self-evident that these men did not fight for the United States of America, They fought against it. They may have been warriors, but in this cause they were not patriots.

Landrieu is correct. The monuments of Confederate heroes were not erected in New Orleans to warn against the errors of the Confederacy but to laud champions of white supremacy.  If the history of these monuments is known, it becomes even more clear why they need to be removed from a place of honor.

Barton’s Take on the KKK

Near the end of the broadcast, Barton brought up the KKK. Because the KKK targeted black and white Republicans, Barton minimizes the white supremacist nature of the KKK’s goals.

That’s when the Klan arose and by the way, the Klan did not arise to take out blacks, it’s stated purpose was to take out Republicans. That’s why if you look at lynchings all the way up until 1962, you have 3500 black lynchings, but 1300 white lynchings, so what you have is an organization going after Republicans. Not after blacks per se. It’s just at that time, any black in the South was a Republican. You couldn’t hang any whites, because some of them were Democrats.

The Klan arose to reestablish white supremacy in the South, not just to go after Republicans. Since Republicans at the time stood in the way of that goal, they were targeted by Klan violence.  Barton’s description has some truth to it, but he makes the history more about political party than race. For the most part, white Republicans were targeted if they helped African-Americans.
Barton’s lynching numbers are pretty accurate but a little misleading in the way he uses them. Some of those white lynchings were in Western states for reasons unrelated to white supremacy. As noted, whites who helped blacks were also targeted in the South, but the figures on white lynchings includes people who were killed as victims of frontier justice.

A Couple of White Guys on Slavery

One of the more surreal discussions happened near the end of the segment. Barton and Pagliarulo discussed slavery. For some reason, Barton thought it important to say that 43% of free blacks in South Carolina owned slaves. He added that the first slavery law “done in America provided for white slaves, Indian slaves, and black slaves. How come we don’t hear that slavery is a human issue not a race issue.”
Pagliarulo chimed in to say that the first slave owner in the U.S. was a black man – Anthony Johnson. He was one of the first but what difference does that make? What is the point of this discussion? Are these white guys trying to change the history of slavery in America to make it about something other than race?
I really don’t understand the point of highlighting the exceptions as if they were the rule. The reason we don’t hear that slavery was a human issue is because in America, it quickly became about race. The fact is slave laws evolved so that black slaves were treated differently than all others. Slavery in the United States was about race and by the time of the Civil War, the vice-president of the Confederacy, Alexander Stephens, asserted the following about slavery and race:

MR. STEPHENS rose and spoke as follows:
Mr. Mayor, and Gentlemen of the Committee, and Fellow-Citizens:- . . . We are in the midst of one of the greatest epochs in our history. The last ninety days will mark one of the most memorable eras in the history of modern civilization. . . .
I was remarking, that we are passing through one of the greatest revolutions in the annals of the world. Seven States have within the last three months thrown off an old government and formed a new. This revolution has been signally marked, up to this time, by the fact of its having been accomplished without the loss of a single drop of blood. [Applause.]
This new constitution, or form of government, constitutes the subject to which your attention will be partly invited. . . .

It is impossible to read Stephens’ remarks made on March 21, 1861 in Savannah, Georgia and not come away with the crystal clear conclusion that slavery in the U.S. was about race. The white man Stephens said the proper state of the black man was to serve the white man. For Stephens, slavery was not a “human issue” but an issue of one race being better than another. In my opinion, any attempt to minimize that fact is an unhelpful expression of white privilege.

What Should Happen with the Monuments?

The thrust of the program was to defend the monuments. At the end of the show, the host Joe Pagliarulo said he believes local communities should decide what to do with them. As a matter of policy, I agree that the federal government should not intervene in those local decisions. However, I also call on Christians to lead the local charge to remove Confederate symbols which were erected as tributes to Confederate heroes or the Confederacy as a movement. Since the Confederacy was a tribute to the evil doctrine of racial superiority, monuments and symbols which respect and celebrate heroes of the Confederacy should have no place of honor in the public square.

Neo-Confederate Radio Show to Host Ohio Representative of Institute on the Constitution

Continuing a troubling link between the Maryland based Institute on the Constitution and neo-Confederate leaders, Ohio IOTC teacher and representative Nicki Pepin is slated to appear on Sonny Thomas’ radio show. The show will air on April 24.

— Sonny Thomas Show (@SonnyThomasShow) April 8, 2014

Thomas has been a vocal defender of neo-Confederate causes and organizations, including the Council of Conservative Citizens. He famously stood in the Springboro School Board meeting and hoisted a Confederate flag in support of the canceled IOTC class last summer. The Council of Conservative Citizens is a neo-Confederate and white separatist group. Among other things, the CCC believes:

(2) We believe the United States is a European country and that Americans are part of the European people. We believe that the United States derives from and is an integral part of European civilization and the European people and that the American people and government should remain European in their composition and character. We therefore oppose the massive immigration of non-European and non-Western peoples into the United States that threatens to transform our nation into a non-European majority in our lifetime. We believe that illegal immigration must be stopped, if necessary by military force and placing troops on our national borders; that illegal aliens must be returned to their own countries; and that legal immigration must be severely restricted or halted through appropriate changes in our laws and policies. We also oppose all efforts to mix the races of mankind, to promote non-white races over the European-American people through so-called “affirmative action” and similar measures, to destroy or denigrate the European-American heritage, including the heritage of the Southern people, and to force the integration of the races.
(8) Cultural, national, and racial integrity. We support the cultural and national heritage of the United States and the race and civilization of which it is a part, as well as the expression and celebration of the legitimate subcultures and ethnic and regional identities of our people. We oppose all efforts to discredit, “debunk,” denigrate, ridicule, subvert, or express disrespect for that heritage. We believe public monuments and symbols should reflect the real heritage of our people, and not a politically convenient, inaccurate, insulting, or fictitious heritage.

Pepin has been all over Ohio promoting the IOTC and was the local teacher behind the IOTC course canceled by the Springboro School Board last summer. Her presence on this show should raise red flags with the many churches around Ohio which host the IOTC course.


Eduardo Doods Dungca II

“What is done in love well” -Vincent Van Goh

Interior designing creates symmetry or a sense of balance which evokes feelings of the safety, comfort and familiarity that plays an important role in every space. all of us drawn to balanced images and tent to think them more aesthetically pleasing.
It is found everywhere in nature, and is probably why we find it to be appealing and beautiful.
More than aesthetics and style, balance, being one of the fundamental principles of design, creates harmony, order and completeness making interior design a necessity.

Nasya Camille R. Magbanua

“Less is more”

In designing you have to be able to tell a story about how the interior is going to come together with all the different elements. Also any functional space must encompass the principles of design, because without these, the design concept is lacking. Above all, Its not just putting things together to make a space beautiful to the eye, but being also responsible for the everyday life safety of the occupants.

Genky N. Cordova

“Good things Take times”

In designing we express our creativity. We layout the space for more functional and can give a wow factor to our client. Function refers to the items within the home as well. Whether your plans involve a decorative update or a complete to the studs overhaul, a home that functions well is the critical foundation to successful design. Always function first.

 Mary Joy B. Ulili

“Work LIke A Boss”

The important part of space is the 3F “Form, Follow, Function”. While making a space more aesthetically appealing is certainly important, no amount of colour or beautiful furniture will transform an workable space into one that functions well. Before , begin the any project, it’s crucial to review the lifestyle, patterns, habits, and daily routines before any design or decorating decisions made. While it’s certainly helpful to have understanding of blueprints and elevations, this stage is really about common sense, a determination of what needs updating and changing to better suit the needs.

Joan Marielle V. Saguibo

“Don’t stop until you’re proud”

Creating of space have a unity and harmony is simply an orderly blends of lines, textures, colors, patterns and forms. While unity refers to the careful avoidance of visual conflict, harmony assures the assimilation of various elements and object throughout the room to create a unified whole. Unity describe the relationship between each of the various parts of a space and how they relate to one another. And harmony can be achieved by thinking of the overall desired mood of the space.


Musicologie Médiévale

Resources for medieval musicology and liturgy

A thorough more recent monograph about Old Roman chant seems to be missing.
Some thoughts what should be included in such a monograph:
ALL sources for Old Roman (including fragments) should be listed with exact descriptions of their datings and contents. Some facsimile pages of sources should be included.
ALL text passages from theoretical sources concerning the history and performance of Old Roman chant should be included with English translations. The liturgical peculiarities and their implications for historical performance practice of Old Roman chant should be described. All places where Old Roman chant was being sung should be listed and their importance for the repertory be made clear. All genres of Old Roman chant should be listed and their musical styles be outlined. The stylistic peculiarities of Old Roman chants should be analysed (with many and well-chosen notational examples in modern transcription) and be compared with other chant traditions. The (probable) influence on other chant traditions and from other chant traditions should be outlined.
The book should of course include a summary of the discoveries from secondary literature (only certain and probable findings).
The monograph should outline what we can assume as probable about the historical performance practice of Old Roman chants (ensemble sizes, on what occasions boys might have been used, which passages/chants were sung by soloists, how improvised polyphony was probably used etc.) - certain sources for Gregorian chant (including theoretical sources) are probably also important to consider here.
The book should include a complete bibliography (including all facsimiles and editions of course) for Old Roman chant and a good index (places, names, neumes, sources, terms etc.). All web links for Old Roman chant should be given.
The monograph should also include a CD/DVD with a new recording of Old Roman chants (it would be best to choose especially "typical" and especially beautiful ones as well as some which were probably of special liturgical or historical importance).

Views: 849

Replies to This Discussion

Aucun traité connu ne parle du chant Romain. C'est si simple que ça. L'analyse critique des mélodies est une autre chose et, certainement, le système des "absonia" est très utile pour décrire une réalité qui émerge avec force de tous les répertoires connus, phénomène qui était PROBABLEMENT encore plus ample avant l'introduction du système des lignes et des clés

I wrote here about the history of iconoclasm and the second Nicaean council to offer a deeper insight which includes the Byzantine history and its own reforms. I am convinced that it had a strong impact on Rome also via Greek immigrants and it was Rome's chance to finish the period of Byzantine papacy and its long dependence on Constantinople. I know that these questions are usually left untouched by scholars of Western plainchant. They just draw a connection between the Council and Charlemagne's admonitio generalis two years later, and the synode at Frankfurt in 794 without really looking at Rome.

A very interesting exception was Charles Atkinson, who once wrote about the changing relationship between Eirene and Charlemagne. But it was in connection with the Missa greca and his focus was on the diplomatic relationship between the two empires.

If you regard this history in a broader context, we understand, how political history motivated reforms and how it did support the consilidation of religious orthodoxy (the new dominant role of the Benedictine rule for instance). It created new dogmas (although they failed to prevent the second crisis of iconoclasm at Constantinople) and a completely new view on the past. More recent Byzantine studies try now to regard more sceptical the iconodule point of view of certain chroniclers, who were affiliated with monastic institutions or related to the court. They often exaggerated beyond any measure, not only in order to characterise the actions of their political enemies as heresies, but also to distract an attention to drastic actions from the opposite side, including murder in more than one case. Sometimes a careful reconstruction is needed to understand, what their enemies really did and what they did not.

Eirene was made a saint, because she organised the council against the will of Emperor Constantine V and against his influence on the court and on the imperial forces. She also asked for the ritual blinding of her own son, after she had decided to reign alone as Empress a second time. Now imagine the worst fears of Nikephoros, if she had married Charlemagne, do please also imagine, what a reduced view we would have on a possible Byzantine influence, bereft of one of the most important living traditions of Christian monody today.

I definitely agree with your observation (and your decision against the Scolica), that theoretical sources confirm the active role of cantors involved during a transfer of the Carolingian Renaissance. I also agree that the question of absonia occupied later theorists for quite a long time. But we should not raise the level of this theoretical argument higher than it really was, and the simple absence of Roman treatises is not always and necessarily an evidence, that their role was so passive as we usually tend to believe. The late date of Roman books made their surprising content even more interesting.

Concerning Adrian, his approbation of earlier councils seems rather be motivated by other interests than by one in the oktoechos, while the Carolingian interest in tonaries might be a coincidence. Concerning the sanctoral, I am convinced that the Schola cantorum did work on its compositiono since its foundation.

Nevertheless, we have to bare in mind, what was also created much later, since the chant books you can refer to, had been written during the later eleventh century. An exchange with other traditions and recent reforms is visible, but I would not go so far to speak of a "Frankish redaction of Old Roman chant," despite a certain Cluniac influence. Such a revision of history is not plausible, it is just a helpless compensation, since earlier hypotheses do no longer convince anyone.

Geert, if you mean the Algerian psalm singing, what I hear is non "professionnal singers" who are not concerned about their level of perfomance, and certainely not asking themselves if their singing his historically informed.

Geert Maessen a dit :

Please listen to the next, AMAZING, Bonum est, and tell me what you hear:

Bonum est

Good point!

I guess the monks of Solesmes started to inform themselves historically about a lost tradition, but it is a shadow, if you compare it with the information you can get from a teacher out of a living tradition.

Who does not desire to have once a lesson by a Roman cantor of the eleventh century, at least in a dream?

Please write it down, if you can still remember it. It must be definitely published in such a handbook :D

who are not concerned about their level of perfomance

I wonder, whether they would agree...

At least two of the four were concerned with historically informed performance. As non-algerians they made special study of the Constantine tradition. It is also interesting to compare this Jewish chant with the chant of Christians in Eastern Turkey. More comparisons you can make through Bonum est.

On the list you find also recordings made of other important traditional singers of Turkey like Hafız Kanı Karaca, Samuel Benaroya, Isak Algazi, Iakovos Nafpliotis and Konstantinos Pringos. Since most of them are regarded as the last of their tradition, there are many singers who still try to learn by listening to these recordings.

You can definitely tell the difference between those musicians who worked hard and learnt from traditional musicians—even those who never could make theories about it, and those who feel already satisfied to reproduce their academic teachers and to repeat the latters' theoretical concepts.

In my dream the imagined Roman cantor shouted "Ammazza! Ma che cazzo stai faccendo?", when I tried to sing "my quilisma" the very first time. I could not help it, but I had Old Roman neumes in my visual mind. Following a bad habit I took a scandicus for a quilisma...

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Pushing the technology boundaries

Craig May

April 1, 2015

Sir Ian’s Wood Report, published last year, identified technology as an integral component to ensuring the success of maximizing the economic recovery of the UK Continental Shelf (MER UK).

As the Wood Report states, new field discoveries in the North Sea tend to be of a diminishing size and in more challenging environments, including deep water. Technology needs to safely deliver cost reductions to enable new field developments in these marginal fields and improve competitiveness on existing assets, helping secure the long-term future of the UK oil and gas industry.

Deepwater drilling and reservoirs, like those found West of Shetland, pose unique challenges. The UKCS can leverage and benefit from technologies developed for deep water environments, such as the Gulf of Mexico, where subsea separation, subsea compression and subsea samplings are opening up new opportunities and enabling further development of existing deepwater fields.

Fields, which were previously considered stranded have also, benefited from technology advancement, with increases to the maximum tie-back distances from under 50km in the 1990’s to over 100km today.  This capability has been an enabler for the development of these marginal fields and means that costly, new and dedicated facilities are no longer required.

While capitalizing on innovative technologies to develop marginal fields will play a key role in achieving MER UK, there is also a need to improve the recovery of resources from mature fields.   A technology that has the potential to increase resource capture is enhanced oil recovery (EOR). EOR techniques increase the recovery of oil from reservoirs compared to more conventional recovery methods, such as water flooding, and can benefit both existing and new fields.

At the Captain field, we have a proven track record of deploying innovative technologies, like extended reach drilling and novel artificial lift systems to access new areas and increase resource capture. Building upon this, we recently completed pilot trials of polymer EOR.  The field was developed using proven technology in horizontal infill well development and the standard industry practice of water flooding.  At this stage of the field development water injection alone is inefficient due to the high viscosity of the crude. This is the fundamental principle behind polymer flooding; low viscosity water is not very effective at pushing high viscosity oil out of the reservoir and into the production wells. Adding polymer to the injection water increases its viscosity and has the potential to improve the recovery of the relatively heavy Captain crude.

The use of polymer injection is a proven EOR system and is an established practice in onshore fields globally. Over the past five years, we have safely carried out polymer injection trials in the offshore Captain field.  The successful outcome of these trials has demonstrated that polymer flooding is technically feasible in this field and has helped shape plans for full-field polymer injection deployment.

A key economic enabler for the pilot was the foresight shown by the field development decision to include some polymer handling capacity in the original facilities design for Captain. This illustrates the importance of giving serious consideration to the full life-cycle of the field when field development concepts are being analysed, ensuring that EOR and late-life capability is assessed and factored into the design as appropriate.

In December 2014, the full field polymer deployment successfully moved into front end engineering and design (FEED) and contracts were awarded to two UK companies. This represented a positive step towards commercialising Captain EOR and underlines our confidence in the expertise of the UK supply chain.

Detailed analysis is currently being conducted to further refine the chosen concept, which includes the installation of a new bridge linked platform (BLP-B) that will house the polymer storage, mixing and pumping facilities. Modifications to existing infrastructure to tie in the new facilities are also in scope, alongside drilling and completion of new polymer injections wells.

Technology has improved the recovery of resources and opened up fields which are challenged from either a cost or technical perspective by making the impossible, possible. We need to continue to push the technology boundaries, to solve the challenges ahead and achieve the vision of MER UK.

The Chevron-operated Captain field is located offshore approximately 68 mi north of Aberdeen. In 2013, net daily production at the Captain field, a joint venture between Chevron (85% interest) and Dana Petroleum (E&P) Ltd (15% interest), averaged 25,000 barrels of liquids and 3 MMcf of natural gas.

Craig May
currently serves as managing director of Chevron upstream Europe’s (CUE) strategic business unit. Headquartered in Aberdeen, Scotland, CUE manages exploration and production in the UK, Norway, Denmark and Greenland.

Craig earned a bachelor of science degree in Civil Engineering from Mississippi State University and a master’s degree in civil engineering from Tulane University.  He began his career with Chevron in 1981.

Prior to joining CUE, Craig was Chevron Energy Technology Co.’s general manager for the facilities engineering department, which serves as a center of expertise for engineering disciplines including mechanical, subsea and pipeline, civil structural, process automation and reliability and integrity.  Over his career, Craig has also held a variety of positions in construction, facilities, project and technology management in the USA, UK, and Australia.


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Tracking «DPEX» packages, shipments and deliveries

DPEX Worldwide is an established Express and E-Commerce service provider in Asia. With a history dating 30 years and a comprehensive network spanning the region, we have extensive local knowledge to serve into and throughout Asia well.


JNE Overview

Welcome JNE, here we will keep our subscribers updated with new projects and resources which are currently in the “works” subject of course to our customers permission. JNE moved to their previous address back in 1998 , when at that time they were making headway with social signals and industry information . The company then was more than capable of dealing with all the tasks as well as the completion of varous larger scale jobs for clients. JNE sold “Scaleway Signals” in 2006 to concentrate on building a client base and subscriber base that was hungry for quality content, and they soon found they needed larger premises and more staff. Since then they have been looking for suitable new premises to which they could relocate the rapidly expanding business.

JNE new premises at Washingpool farm are about 3 miles from their old offices, on the edge of a village called Easter Compton. When they looked at the new workshop they could see it would need a lot of work to convert it into what the company required. JNE spent over 6 weeks refitting the new office space including the design and construction of upstairs offices. JNE are now comfortable in their new premises with all the resources required to deliver our readers and customers the most unique and useful content.

Turning Engineering Dynamics to Flight

With my nephew, William having left the United Kingdom and now residing in South Africa, our relationship has changed somewhat. In days gone by he would spend his vacations helping me out with engineering of the mini locomotives. The two of us would spend hours on end together, puzzling over the intricate mechanical pieces of a replica steam locomotive, barely speaking a word to each other, both content in our silence. Now that William is living in Cape Town, we communicate far more than we ever did before when we were in each others company. Strange, isn’t it ? Anyways, whether we are discussing model locomotive engineering via whatsapp or sharing interesting articles on Facebook and other social media, William and I have taken our friendship to a new and deeper level.

So, William tells me that when in Cape Town, South Africa, you will notice that there are two different sports that people are doing on a daily basis. These are parasailing and paragliding. There are different reasons why people are doing this but the most common two is for the adrenalin rush and to see the beauty of Cape Town from a whole different angle. But the question that William asks me is what the difference between parasailing and paragliding is, and how does the engineering of the required equipment allow for better harnessing of the winds and thermals ? This is how I attempted to answer these questions for William during our recent dialogue.

flight engineering
When you do parasailing you will be connected to a canopy that looks like a parachute, this canopy is connected a motorboat. The motorboat will then drive into the sea and you will then be lifted into the air when the wind fills the canopy. You will have no control over the canopy because the boat controls the direction that you will go in. With parasailing you are not limited to a solo flight as some have a harness for two people, so you and your partner can enjoy the adrenalin rush together. There is not all that much mechanical engineering involved in parasailing, it’s pretty simple. The canopy fills up with air as you are being propelled forward by some form of motorized vehicle, and ultimately lift is achieved.
With parasailing the only safety condition that you need to go through is that you need to wear a safety jacket, a helmet and you need to be able to have some swimming abilities. Then one should never take of when the wind speed is more than 50mph (80km/h). One should always make sure that the weather is right when you want to do something like parasailing. The weather in Cape Town can change very fast so one should always be on the lookout for weather changes.
Parasailing will be great for people who love water and would like to “fly” over the water like a bird. You never know what creatures you will see when sailing up in the air over open seas. This could just be the adrenalin rush that you are looking for.
When you do paragliding Cape Town, you will notice that this is for the more extreme thrill seeking people. With paragliding you are also attached to a canopy, but the only difference is, you are the pilot of this canopy. You are the one that decides how high you want to fly and the direction that you want to fly in. Paragliding is a solo flight and you need to take of by yourself. The best place to take of is in an open field or from a high cliff. When you want to launch you will need to run down a slope with the canopy behind you. When the wind catches the canopy and fills it with air you will be able to take of from the ground.
The safety conditions with paragliding is that you need to have a few days training with an reputable paragliding school or company that have the right experience to train you how to paraglide. Wind speeds also play a very big role when paragliding. Never leave the ground when the wind exceeds 15mph (24km/h) and never fly in wind that exceeds 25-30mph (40-48km/h). You also cannot take of in wet weather conditions. The level of engineering that goes in to the equipment for this sport is far greater than parasailing. William has been doing his research on local companies that offer tandem paragliding Cape Town and seems to have settled on a well established local outfit called, Skywings Paragliding
Paragliding are for the people who want to be high enough in Cape Town to see the nature and the sea. From the air at that distance you will be able to so much more of Cape Town and it wonders.
Parasailing and paragliding sounds almost the same but in reality it is two total different sport types. When you look at the safety conditions of the two you can decide for yourself with which one you will be comfortable with. William has a saying which is “Try everything at least once.”

So with both these adrenaline fulled sports, the level of engineering required to manufacture and operate the equipment is by no means extremely sophisticated, however, paragliding by far requires a better level of understanding of the environment, winds and thermals in the area which contribute to either a successful or unsuccessful flight.

There’s no stopping this locomotive !

Although in recent times, with the rise of technology and gadgets like Iphones and Ipads, there has been a decline in model railway hobbyists, there are still people that dedicate themselves to this art form. Playing an online game like Railway Tycoon doesn’t count ! My nephew William recently graduated from University with his degree in civil engineering and found himself at a crossroads point in his life. William has spent the last sixteen years of his life firstly completing his schooling and then his degree in civil engineering. A friend of his who graduated from University as a child psychiatrist had recently decided on completing an internship in India, so William decided to look into the possibility of doing something similar, and started to investigate completing an internship of becoming a volunteer in Africa. After doing a lot of research on the internet, he came across a company called African Sunrise Volunteers, an organization based in Cape Town, South Africa, that specializes in assisting people like William find the correct project to participate in, a worthy cause that could put his studies and experience to good use. Volunteering is mostly about giving up your efforts to a worthwhile initiative, free of charge. It is an opportunity to help other folks in need that hopefully will gain from your schooling, skills and know-how. It is particularly popular with European scholars to go to a distant African country like Mozambique, Malawi or South Africa and give unreservedly of their selves, working with local community ventures and helping the needy and poor improve their lives.

engineering intern in africa

African Sunrise facilitates their volunteers and interns by ensuring all of them suitable residence whilst staying in South Africa. Where African Sunrise is really good, is placing interns and volunteers in the courses best suited to their individual skills. Folks who have trained in social work or are interested in nursing, will be enrolled in a project which best benefits their education and learning or perhaps their interests. William obviously looked at several different volunteer and intern placement agencies but was particularly impressed by the standard of work and level of commitment that was apparent to him after browsing the African Sunrise website. The company was founded nearly ten years ago by Swedish national, Tania Sincic, and South African resident, Carina Roper. Together the pair of them have worked tirelessly to establish one of the best volunteer and intern placement agencies on the continent. Because of Tania’s ties to Sweden, the agency facilitates the placement of a large number of Swedish students and scholars in volunteer programs or internship positions in the projects with which African Sunrise is affiliated to and supports.

Tania and Carina have strong relationships with some of the most dedicated local initiatives that are committed to aiding those in need. For example, they work with The Agency for Refugee Education, Skills Training & Advocacy. This organization collaborates with the South African government in assisting asylum seekers and refugees arriving in Cape Town and other parts of South Africa with the many difficulties they face. Legal matters, education for their children and finding work and accommodation. The organization is also proactive in lobbying for the rights of refugees, creating awareness of refugees in South Africa’s rights and combating Xenophobia. Because there are still several war torn countries on the African continent, South Africa is often the first choice of refugees seeking asylum, due to its reasonably solid economy and infrastructure. Unfortunately, in recent years, a strong anti refugee sentiment has developed with many of the local population, feeling that they are losing their jobs to foreigners who in some cases will work at lower than the minimum wage.

William has since decided to travel to South Africa in order to volunteer in Cape Town and participate in the local feeding schemes and places of shelter for the homeless. Carina, Tania and their team have helped William along every step of his journey, from assisting with travel documents to placing him in the perfect project that best suits his nature and arranging him comfortable and safe accommodation for the three months that he is set to be in Cape Town. I think what also really appeals to him is the fact that he can take time off from the projects he is involved in, and do some travelling and exploring of the country whilst he is there.

Social Engineering – A Psychologist’s Perspective

It’s become more and more difficult for companies and businesses to safeguard their confidential data from the ever increasing rise in malicious attempts at security breaches. Southern suburbs psychologist Anita recently discussed the relatively new technique that has been utilized by hackers and others trying to breach the electronic defenses of businesses. Social Engineering which we touched on in our previous article has become one of the most effective means of gaining covert access to the confidential data stored on the servers and networks of companies.

For many years hackers have attempted to breach the network security measures employed by big companies and corporations by using port scanners and network scanners, pinging away at IP addresses on the network for hours searching for flaws and weaknesses in the system. Virtually every weak, new vulnerabilities are discovered in operating systems and server technologies. These are known in the computer hacking underworld as 0-day exploits and are extremely valuable to hackers. Valuable because they can be exploited for as long as they remain undetected. At which point the software manufacturer or distributor will make a “patch” available that essentially fixes the problem. In many cases system administrators do not pay enough attention to these updates and it’s possible for the vulnerability to remain unmatched for months or even years.The psychology behind the concept of social engineering is so simple which is why it is proving to be the most successful means of penetrating company data security measures.

Anita Prag, psychologist southern suburbs Cape Town explains that social engineering relies on the inherent willingness in human beings to help each other. The social engineer will literally engineer a scenario that allows them to get their target, often a low level employee, off balance. The psychology behind the use of social engineering is brilliant. We explained an example in one of our earlier posts where the social engineer researches the target and is familiar with their likes and dislikes and what their particular emotional vulnerabilities might be. Another example would be that of a handsome, confident social engineer approaching a shy receptionist of a large corporation. The research will have been done in advance, creating a psychological profile of the intended target. The receptionist in this case will have been identified as being shy, single and insecure. Psychologically insecure and somebody that would easily be flattered by an attractive man needing help from her. The end goal is fairly simple. To get the target to insert a flash drive into the company computer, this flash drive would contain a harmless looking PDF file and malicious code that is automatically executed once the flash drive is inserted into the computer. The social engineering aspect is the aim of bypassing the training that the employee may have received regarding this type of approach to a security breach.

In order to protect sensitive data and valuable company intellectual property, it is important for companies and businesses to continue to educate their employees and raise awareness levels of the dangers imposed by socially engineered attempt at a security breach. These attempts are so successful because they are well crafted psychological scenarios that if implemented correctly will almost always deliver results.

What is exactly is engineering ?

engineering forms


Joseph G. Cvetas

Executive Vice President, Corporate Development & Planning

With over 30 years in the MEP industry, Mr. Cvetas has considerable experience optimizing building systems for a variety of markets and industries. He is also responsible for providing business leadership and oversight for Southland Energy, a division of Southland, and Envise, a wholly owned subsidiary of Southland.

Upon joining Southland in 1987 as a contract executive, Mr. Cvetas concentrated on advanced technology initiatives at Southland. By introducing the company to advanced technology sectors including the aerospace, semiconductor, and pharmaceutical industries, he was ultimately able to expand Southland's market reach, as well as portfolio. Additionally, Mr. Cvetas played a significant role in establishing Southland’s regional offices in the nation's capital, as well as San Jose, California. Throughout the many roles he has held at Southland, he has been involved in several of Southland's most iconic projects such as the historic renovation of the Pentagon.

Mr. Cvetas received a bachelor's degree in civil engineering from the University of Pittsburgh, and is currently Treasurer of the Design-Build Institute of America's Western Pacific Region (DBIAWPR). He has served on Southland's Board of Directors since 1990.


Best Travel Locations For Girls

Travel Destination
The world is a vast, wonderful place crammed with completely different cultures and ethnicity’s. Some destinations like Africa (safari), or Maldives seashores might be deliberate in a week’s time. There are numerous travel destinations on this planet that may be coated in per week’s time. The United Kingdom is among the many prime 10 travel destinations as a result of this country is steeped in historic significance.

There are additionally occasions of “excessive season” when a majority of people journey to sure destinations and that means the costs are increased and decisions could also be more restricted. New York is essentially the most visited by tourists city and Florida and California are recognized for his or her seashore resorts.

Arguably probably the most diverse, indulging and charming getaway destination of the United States, New York City witness hundreds of thousands of holiday makers every year and showcase its arts, culture, custom and way of life by way of a myriad range of spellbinding sights that includes the glittering skyline, fabulous array of museums, variety of art galleries, galas, theaters, the nice Statue of Liberty, Times Sq. and plenty of more fascinating places that are majorly seen within the films only.

The south and west are most popular, however a go to to the Northeast can present lovely winter vacation spots. However whenever you journey Asia, there are a lot of beautiful cities which might be low cost and you needn’t spend much on traveling, lodging or shopping.

Travel Destination

Travel Destination

Distinctive Journey Locations

The charming conurbation that is considered to be one of the prominent cultural epicenters of the world, New York City is within the journey bucket list of virtually each traveler.
Travel Destination
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The Most Well-liked Journey Locations In The World

There are lots of journey destinations across the globe. The capital city of the United States, ideally famous for its thriving vary of bureaucratic lands and the home to the president of the United States, Washington D.C. is likely one of the most gorgeous and desired getaway destinations in the entire United States.

This is a reasonable hike and you have to be warned that I would actually rate this hike in the higher range of reasonable – particularly during summer time. Any checklist describing the positivity and charm of United States is just incomplete if it doesn’t include the Massive Apple New York City.

Top 10 Journey Destinations

Travel Destination
For those who love touring, you’ll soon reach some extent the place you get bored with the usual travel locations and vacationer traps. Featuring a wide range of accommodation choices, resorts and a captivating stretch of sandy beaches, vacationers typically visit here to have some seaside extravaganza and soak up some sun while getting drenched within the unimaginable vary of activities available right here.

That includes the magnificent and world well-known White House, the US Capitol, Pentagon, Washington Monument and many more legislature sites, the city gives the most fantastic experience of exploring the political, cultural and conventional aspect of the United States.
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Wish to visit one of the crucial well-known tourist points of interest in the whole United States of America? The charming metropolis of the West Coast which can be the home of the famous Hollywood signal, Los Angeles is among the many most popular and thriving getaway choices in all the nation, prominently visited by the aspiring artists to test their luck and expertise among the many enormous crowd of people who wish to shine like a star within the sky.


2020 calendar

Craft Tequila Tasting with Spirit Specialist Dan Searing!

January 31, 2020, 6:00pm - 7:30pm

We are excited to start the new year off with a complimentary premium Tequila Tasting from two premium houses, Fortaleza and G4. These are high quality, great tasting tequilas. Fortaleza is a renowned producer located in the Tequila Valley (Lowlands) and G4 is in located in the Los Altos (Highlands) region of the state of Jalisco, so you will be able to discern the differences in regions as well.

This event is by reservation with a limited number of seats available.
Click here to secure your reservation

What makes Fortaleza so special? They roast the agave hearts in small brick oven, and utilize the centuries-old practice of using a tahona (a large wheel of volcanic stone) to press the juice of the agave, large wood barrels for fermentation and the two original copper pots (from 1873) for distillation

G4 uses two story tall brick ovens with two steamers to assure even cooking. It is then juiced by "Felipinstein", a 19,000 pound tahona, and then it goes to the shredder, named "Igor". They then use a combination of spring water and captured rain water to distill.

We will have spirit specialist Dan Searing as our speaker.

ejo - Aged for at least 18 months in American Oak bourbon barrels, the G4 Añejo adds a smooth character. Vanilla and agave notes are present in both the aroma and taste. Slight pepper, soft floral tones as well as smoky highlights.