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Transmission & Distribution Technology

“Utility companies are in a powerful position to secure the smart grid because they can apply pressure to meter vendors so that they produce more secure devices.”

Joshua Pennell, IOActive.

critical to examine the security of these smart meter devices, which are appearing rapidly on homes across the globe. In 2008, IOActive researchers evaluated the security of a series of smart meter devices and uncovered several security vulnerabilities. In addition to being vulnerable to common attack vectors, IOActive achieved proof-of- concept, worm-able code execution on standard smart meters. Since the smart meter’s radio communication chipset is publicly sourced and the communication protocols lacked authentication and authorisation, IOActive researchers were able to leverage these weaknesses – among others – to produce a proof-of- concept worm. If an attacker were to install a malicious program on one meter, the internal firmware could be made to issue commands that would flash adjacent meters until all devices within an area were infected with the malicious firmware. Teoretically, once the worm spreads to meters, the attacker gains several abilities including connecting and disconnecting customers at predetermined times; changing metering data and calibration constants; changing the meter’s communication frequency; and rendering the meter non-functional. While IOActive’s findings are serious and warrant immediate attention, it is certainly not too late to secure the smart grid. So, how is that done, exactly? Just like remediating any serious security vulnerability, securing the smart grid is a joint effort that requires the support of utility companies, smart meter vendors, the government, and leading privacy and security experts. Utility companies are in a powerful position to

secure the smart grid because they can apply pressure to meter vendors so that they produce more secure devices. By continuing to conduct security reviews that test the meters’ security, quality, and reliability for the entire duration of the product lifecycle, utilities can ensure that meter vendors continually improve their security protocols. To help meter vendors develop more secure

products, IOActive advocates for the adoption of leading security methodologies including Microsoft’s Secure Development Lifecycle (SDL).

Third-party auditing

Taking a proactive stance, the SDL implements security and privacy measures during each stage of a product’s development, requires third-party auditing, and conducts a final review before software is released.

Te SDL also makes business sense, as it is a

proven tool to save money – studies indicate that overall project costs are 60 times higher when gaps in information security controls are addressed late in the development phase. Following an SDL will help meter vendors resolve many of the design flaws discovered in their devices including the lack of layered defences.

Multiple layers of defence provide the best security, using the theory that if one mechanism fails you have several others to prevent a breach. It is especially important for smart meters to have a layered defence because they are installed on the outside of homes with minimal physical protection. Without a layered defence in place, someone with a basic understanding of electronics could easily steal a meter, reverse engineer it, and potentially uncover exploitable vulnerabilities.

Strong encryption

Contributing to the lack of layered defences, IOActive discovered that strong encryption, authentication, and authorisations were often poorly implemented in smart meter devices. IOActive found that many devices do not use

encryption or implement any authentication before carrying out sensitive functions like executing software updates and performing disconnect operations. Even when meters had encryption algorithms in place, it was found that functionality was unmanageable, and that the keys were often exposed, extremely weak, and could be recovered through simple hardware hacking techniques. Just like the invention and implementation of

any new technology, the smart grid promises many benefits, but it also displays many weaknesses. A lot of work needs to be done to secure this critical infrastructure and it is fortunate that this effort currently is taking place. With the help of the government and security

experts, utilities are taking strides to improve the security of the smart grid and all of its components. As a result of improving security protocols, both consumers and utilities will thrive from the vast benefits of the smart grid, while ensuring the present and future safety of the world’s critical infrastructure. IOActive is an industry leader that offers

comprehensive computer security services with specializations in smart grid technologies, software assurance, and compliance. IOActive works with a Global 500 companies, including power and utility, game, hardware, retail, financial, media, travel, aerospace, healthcare, high- tech, social networking, and software development organisations. Infosecurity Europe runs a series events for

buyers and sellers in IT Security in Europe for sourcing opportunities, information updates and free educational forums, tackling the key technology issues set to affect your business. Forthcoming shows include: Infosecurity

Netherlands, 3rd–4th November 2010, Jaarbeurs Utrecht, Netherlands ( ) and Infosecurity Russia, 17th–19th November 2010, Sokolniki Expo & Cultural Center, Moscow, Russia

( l

Joshua Pennell is with IOActive.

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Center for Sustaining Agriculture and Natural Resources (CSANR)

Sustainable Dryland Farming

Wednesday, June 19, 2013

Browse on keywords: alternate crops buckwheat

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Search results on 06/19/13

10049. Kephart, K.D., G.A. Murray and D.L. Auld. . Alternate crops for dryland production systems in Northern Idaho.. ID Agr. Expt. Sta. Contribution 88762, Moscow, ID..
Increased interest in low-cost input management practices and changes to conservation-oriented government programs are providing incentive for farmers to diversify rotation schemes. However, a lack of commercially viable alternate crops has restricted the number of options available to northern Idaho farmers. This paper lists the results of 10 years of alternate crop experiments into four groups. 1) Species offering no production potential are grain sorghum, quinoa, and soybeans. 2) Crops with limited production potential are meadowfoam, mustard and spring rapeseed, lupines, faba beans, flax, and crambe. 3) Commercialized crops with limited production potential are buckwheat, safflower, sunflowers, and chickpeas. 4) Commercialized crops with unlimited production potential are winter peas and winter rapeseed. Tables 2 and 3 summarize planting requirements and erosion control potential for many of these crops.

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The Mayan numerical system was vigesimal (20-base); symbols were given a value according to position and the concept of zero was known. Three symbols were used in writing numbers: a dot for one, a bar for five and a seashell for zero. This was the most common way of expressing mathematical computations.

Another mathematical system, more intricate and complex, was also employed. This one utilized glyphs representing assorted deities.

Fig. 1-1. One way of writing Mayan numbers. Each number from 1 to 12 is represented by the head of a different deity, while the glyphs for 13 through 19 are composites formed by adding part of the sign for 10 (the fleshless jaw of a skull) on the heads for 3 to 9. Some, but not all Mayan languages form the words for these numbers in just this way, with unique words for "eleven" and "twelve" but with "three" through "nineteen" combining the elements for the words "three" through "nine" with that for "ten."

Fig. 1-2. Maya numbers. The commonest method of writing numbers features a dot for 1 and a bar for 5. For numbers greater than 19, Maya place-notation employs a stylized sign (a shell in the painted books) for 0. The place system is vigesimal, so that the value of the places increases by 20 (reading up). For time calculation, however, a special convention sets the third place equal to 360 instead of 400.


The geodatabase compress operation

The geodatabase compress operation removes unnecessary states and rows from the system tables that track versions and versioned edits.

To understand compression, you must first understand how versioning works. If you are unfamiliar with this concept, see Understanding versioning.

What is a compress operation?

The compress operation removes the states that are no longer referenced by a version and can move rows in the delta tables to the business table. A compress operation can only be performed by the ArcSDE administrator and operates against all states in the geodatabase, regardless of the version owner.

Compress operations are necessary because, as a geodatabase is edited over time, the delta tables increase in size and the number of states increases. The larger the tables and the more states, the more data ArcGIS must process every time you display or query a version. Therefore, the greatest impact on performance is not the number of versions but the amount of change contained in the delta tables for each version. As a result, versions can have different query response times.

To maintain database performance, the ArcSDE administrator must periodically run a compress operation to remove unused data.

You can use the the ArcCatalog Compress command or the Compress geoprocessing tool or Python script to compress a geodatabase. See Adding the Compress command to ArcCatalog for information on how to make the Compress command available in ArcCatalog or Compress for information on the geoprocessing tool or script.

What happens during a compress operation?

The compress operation first scans into memory the instance's state tree configuration. Using this information, compress deletes all states that do not participate within a version's lineage. Deleting a state deletes all the rows from the delta tables that are associated with that state.

The next step the compress operation performs is to collapse any candidate lineage of states into one state. A candidate lineage is a collection of states that can be compressed into one state without affecting the logical representation for any table in a given version.

The final step, when applicable, is to move rows from the delta tables into the business tables.

For each step of the operation, database transactions are started and stopped for each table being compressed. The transaction verifies each table is consistent during each step of the process.

The compress operation can be stopped, or killed, while it is executing because the operation is designed to be transactionally consistent. Therefore, if the operation encounters an error, fails, or abruptly stops, the versioned tables being compressed are still logically correct with respect to any version's representation. One reason you might stop the compress operation is if you run it while users are connected to the geodatabase, then discover the compress is consuming a large amount of system resources. In that case, you might want to stop the compress operation and run it again when fewer or no users are connected.

Since the compress transaction can be large, be sure to create enough logical logs and have enough log file space to handle the transaction.

Fully compressing a geodatabase

In a fully compressed geodatabase, there are no rows in the delta tables and the state tree is trimmed back to zero. Performance improvement is greatest if the geodatabase is fully compressed. To achieve this, do the following:

*ArcIMS services (except ArcIMS map services) do not acquire locks on states and, therefore, would not influence the compress operation. ArcGIS clients, including ArcIMS map services, do acquire locks and, therefore, will influence the compress operation.

You can see the results of each compress operation in the COMPRESS_LOG table in the geodatabase (SDE_compress_log in SQL Server and PostgreSQL databases). You can also check the VERSIONS table (SDE_versions in SQL Server and PostgreSQL databases) to see if the state ID for the DEFAULT version has returned to zero. If it has and there are no other outstanding versions, full compression has been achieved.

It may not always be possible to reconcile, post, delete versions, and disconnect all users before a compress operation. For instance, if you are tracking history using versions or need to maintain design versions for a project, the historic and design versions remain pinned to a state within the state tree; therefore, these states will not be removed during compression of the geodatabase. You can successfully compress without doing all these steps, and you will still see some performance improvements.

See Compressing an ArcSDE geodatabase licensed under ArcGIS Server Enterprise to learn how to perform a compress operation.

Frequency of compress operations

The frequency with which you need to perform a compress operation is based on the amount of editing that takes place in your geodatabase. If you have a high volume of edits, you should probably compress the geodatabase once a day. For average or low edit volumes, you should compress at least once a week.

It is important not to wait too long between compress operations; the greater the amount of versioned editing activity that takes place, the longer it will take to compress the geodatabase. If you do not compress the geodatabase at least once a week, compression could take several hours to complete when you do finally run it.

After compressing a geodatabase

You should update the statistics on your geodatabase after you have run a compress operation. For information on updating statistics, see Updating statistics on a geodatabase using Analyze and the topic for your database management system (DBMS).


Broker Disputes

Many financial and investment products are not sold directly to the public but are instead only available for purchase through brokers. Brokers are governed by agencies such as the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and the National Association of Securities Dealers, which ensure that brokers act in their customers' interests. Disputes arise when a broker fails to meet the reasonable expectations of the consumer as supported by the law. The body of financial law that specifically governs broker disputes addresses prohibited behaviors like fraud, and allows consumers to file claims against fraudulent brokers. To learn more about the area of law dealing with broker disputes, and for advice on how to protect yourself, refer to the articles in this section.


Yesterday, U.S. Department of Energy Secretary Steven Chu announced that he would be increasing the number of buildings with white roofs for DOE and other buildings belonging to the government. This is part of the promise by the Federal government to reduce their emissions by 28 percent by 2020. White roofs are so effective because they reflect the sun's rays rather than absorbing them, thus cooling the inside of the house. In cities, it can also help cut down on the urban heat island effect. This effect occurs in cities where the landscape is dominated by dark roofs and pavement, and it creates a rise in temperature comparative to the surrounding, non-city landscape. If the transition was made to more and more white roofs our cooling costs could be reduced tremendously. The DOE itself has claimed to have already installed more than two million square feet of white roofs, claiming a savings of $500,000 a year in energy consumption. To take this a step further, in the video below, Steven Chu explains how if we were to retrofit all existing buildings with white roofs, and replace dark paving materials with light, it would be comparable to removing all automobiles on the planet for 11 years in terms of carbon emissions. Check it out:


Curious Chrome: Cross Platform Extension Behaviors

Chrome is a curious browser. It’s extremely popular, cross platform, and has an incredible cadence for updates. I typically use Chrome when I am developing for it. I don’t mean a developer that uses Chrome, I mean a developer that develops for Chrome.

Chrome supports Browser Extensions. I’ve briefly discussed them in the past, and because they are pure HTML, JavaScript, and CSS they are readily cross platform, too. The extension requires extra coding whether you are writing it for Windows or OSX.

There’s one particular case where I wasn’t seeing a consistent behavior between Windows and OSX, and that has to do with the lifecycle of the application. To catch those up to the details of OSX, closing the window does not mean you closed the application. You just closed the last open window. The application is still running, it still receives events, and it can still do work.

Windows Chrome is a bit different. When you close the last window, the process is gone: kaput. This small difference in application lifecycle is important when dealing with the event. With the Windows lifecycle of Chrome, its impossible to react to the last window being closed because the process, and all extensions, are being unloaded too.

On a Mac, this behavior doesn’t exist. The window just closed, but the extension is still able to respond to that event.

The only way I was able to get this to work on Windows was to give my application “background” permission in the manifest:

	"optional_permissions": ["background"]

Fortunately, I could make this permission optional since the extension didn’t need it full time, only if certain features were enabled.

With this setting on, Chrome correctly fires off the onRemoved event, even if it is the last window open on Windows.


Select text and it is translated.
This area is result which is translated word.

Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor

14th century miniature of Conrad II.

Conrad II (c. 990June 4, 1039) was the son of a mid-level nobleman in Franconia, Count Henry of Speyer and Adelaide of Alsace, who inherited the titles of count of Speyer and of Worms as an infant when Henry died at age twenty. As he matured he came to be well known beyond his power base in Worms and Speyer, so when the Saxon line died off and the elected monarchy for the German realm stood vacant, he was elected King of Germany in 1024 at the respectably old age of thirty-four years and crowned emperor of the Holy Roman Empire on March 26, 1027, becoming the first of four kings and emperors of the Salian Dynasty.

Early life

Salian family tree

During his reign, he proved that the German monarchy had become a viable institution. Survival of the monarchy was no longer dependent on contracts between sovereign and territorial nobles.

The father of Conrad II, Henry, Count of Speyer was a grandson of Luitgard, a daughter of the great Emperor Otto I who had married the Salian Duke Conrad the Red of Lorraine.

Despite his bloodline in that age when people died young and younger, the orphaned Conrad grew up poor by the standards of the nobility and was raised by the bishop of Worms.

He was reputed to be prudent and firm out of consciousness of deprivation. In 1016, he married Gisela of Swabia, a widowed duchess. Both parties claimed descent from Charles the Great (Charlemagne) and were thus distantly related.

Strict canonists took exception to the marriage, and Emperor Henry II used this to force Conrad into temporary exile.

They became reconciled, and upon Henry's death in 1024, Conrad appeared as a candidate before the electoral assembly of princes at Kamba in the Rhineland. He was elected by the majority and was crowned king in Mainz on September 8, 1024, arguably in the prime of life. It was equally obvious that the Saxon line of Emperors was at an end, and all of Europe speculated and maneuvered to influence the Prince-electors in unseemly disrespect for the aging Henry II

The Italian bishops paid homage at Conrad's court at Konstanz in June 1025, but lay princes sought to elect William V of Aquitaine, as king instead. However early in 1026 Conrad went to Milan, where Ariberto, archbishop of Milan, crowned him king of Italy. After overcoming some opposition of the towns Conrad reached Rome, where Pope John XIX crowned him emperor on Easter, 1027.

He formally confirmed the popular legal traditions of Saxony and issued new constitutions for Lombardy. In 1028 at Aachen he had his son Henry elected and anointed king of Germany. Henry married Gunhilda of Denmark, daughter of King Canute the Great of England, Denmark and Norway by Emma of Normandy. This was an arrangement that Conrad had made many years prior, when he gave Canute the Great parts of northern Germany to administer[citation needed]. Henry, the later Emperor Henry III, became chief counselor of his father.

Conrad campaigned against Poland in 1028 and forced Mieszko II, son and heir of Boleslaus I, to make peace and return land that Boleslaw I had conquered from the Empire during his father's reign. At the death of Henry II the bold and rebellious Duke of Poland Mieszko II had tried to throw off vassalage, but then submitted and swore to be Emperor Conrad's faithful vassal. Mieszko II quit being self-anointed king and returned to being duke of Poland.

In 1029 some Bavarian border conflicts undermined the good relations with Stephen I of Hungary. One year later Conrad launched a campaign against Hungary. The Hungarians successfully used the scorched earth tactics and the emperor had to withdraw with his army. Finally the Hungarian army forced him to surrender at Vienna. After his defeat Conrad was obliged to cede some border territory to Hungary.

When Rudolph III, King of Burgundy died on February 2, 1032, he bequeathed his kingdom, which combined two earlier kingdoms of Burgundy, to Conrad. Despite some opposition, the Burgundian and Provencal nobles paid homage to Conrad in Zürich in 1034. This kingdom of Burgundy, which under Conrad's successors would become known as the Kingdom of Arles, corresponded to most of the southeastern quarter of modern France and included western Switzerland, the Franche-Comté and Dauphiné. It did not include the smaller Duchy of Burgundy to the north, ruled by a cadet branch of the Capetian King of France. (Piecemeal over the next centuries most of the former Kingdom of Arles was incorporated into France - but King of Arles remained one of the Holy Roman Emperor's subsidiary titles until the dissolution of the Empire in 1806.)

Conrad upheld the rights of the valvassores (knights and burghers of the cities) of Italy against Archbishop Aribert of Milan and the local nobles. The nobles as vassal lords and the bishop had conspired to rescind rights from the burghers. With skillful diplomacy and luck Conrad restored order.

Last years

The grave of Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor at the crypt of the cathedral of Speyer, Germany

In 1038, Prince Guaimar IV of Salerno requested his adjudication in a dispute over Capua with its Prince Pandulf, whom Conrad had released from imprisonment in 1024, immediately after his coronation. Hearing that Michael IV the Paphlagonian of the Byzantine Empire had received the same request, Conrad went to Southern Italy, to Salerno and Aversa.

He appointed Richer, from Germany, as abbot of Monte Cassino, the abbot Theobald being imprisoned by Pandulf. At Troia, he ordered Pandulf to restore stolen property to Monte Cassino. Pandulf sent his wife and son to ask for peace, giving 300 lb of gold and a son and daughter as hostages. The emperor accepted Pandulf's offer, but the hostage escaped and Pandulf holed up in his outlying castle of Sant'Agata dei Goti. Conrad besieged and took Capua and gave it to Guaimar with the title of Prince. He also recognised Aversa as a county of Salerno under Ranulf Drengot, the Norman adventurer. Pandulf, meanwhile, fled to Constantinople. Conrad thus left the Mezzogiorno firmly in Guaimar's hands and loyal, for once, to the Holy Roman Empire.

During the return trip to Germany an epidemic broke out among the troops. Conrad's daughter-in-law and stepson died. Conrad himself returned safely and held several important courts in Solothurn, Strasbourg and in Goslar. His son Henry was invested with the kingdom of Burgundy.

A year later in 1039 Conrad fell ill and died in Utrecht.

A biography of Conrad II in chronicle form, Gesta Chuonradi II imperatoris, was written by his chaplain Wipo of Burgundy, and presented to Henry III in 1046, not long after the latter was crowned.

Depictions of Conrad II

The Basilica of Aquileia (northern Italy) contains an apse fresco (c. 1031) showing emperor Conrad II, his wife Gisela of Swabia and Patriarch Poppone of Aquileia.

See also

Regnal titles Preceded by
Henry IIKing of Germany
10241039Succeeded by
Henry IIIHoly Roman Emperor
1027–1039 King of Italy
v • d • eEmperors of the Holy Roman EmpireCarolingian EmpireCharles I · Louis I · Lothair I · Louis II · Charles II · Charles III · Guy · Lambert · Arnulf · Louis III · BerengarHoly Roman EmpireOtto I · Otto II · Otto III · Henry II · Conrad II · Henry III · Henry IV · Henry V · Lothair II · Frederick I · Henry VI · Otto IV · Frederick II · Henry VII · Louis IV · Charles IV · Sigismund · Frederick III · Maximilian I · Charles V · Ferdinand I · Maximilian II · Rudolph II · Matthias · Ferdinand II · Ferdinand III · Leopold I · Joseph I · Charles VI · Charles VII · Francis I · Joseph II · Leopold II · Francis II v • d • eMonarchs of GermanyCarolingians: Louis II · Carloman · Louis III · Charles III · Arnulf · Louis the Child — Conradines: Conrad I — Ottonians: Henry I · Otto I · Otto II · Otto III · Henry II — Salians: Conrad II · Henry III · Henry IV · Henry V — Supplinburger: Lothair III — Hohenstaufen: Conrad III · Frederick I · Henry VI · Philip — Welf: Otto IV; Hohenstaufen: Frederick II · Conrad IV — Habsburg: Rudolf I — Nassau: Adolf — Habsburg: Albert I — Luxemburg: Henry VII — Wittelsbach: Louis IV — Luxemburg: Charles IV · Wenceslaus — Wittelsbach: Rupert — Luxemburg: Sigismund — Habsburg: Albert II · Frederick III · Maximilian I · Charles V · Ferdinand I · Maximilian II · Rudolph II · Matthias · Ferdinand II · Ferdinand III · Leopold I · Joseph I · Charles VI — Wittelsbach: Charles VII — Lorraine: Francis I — Habsburg-Lorraine: Joseph II · Leopold II · Francis II — Hohenzollern: William I · Frederick III · William II — Family tree Categories: Holy Roman Emperors | German kings | Kings of Burgundy | Dukes of Carinthia | Salian Dynasty | 990 births | 1039 deathsHidden categories: All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements since April 2008

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Albert Gleizes

Albert Gleizes

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Albert Gleizes was a French painter. Born Albert Léon Gleizes and raised in Paris, he was the son of a fabric designer who ran a large industrial design workshop. He was also the nephew of Léon Comerre
Léon Comerre
Léon François Comerre was a French academic painter, famous for his portraits of beautiful women.-Life:Comerre was born in Trélon, in the Département du Nord, the son of a schoolteacher. He moved to Lille with his family in 1853...

, a successful portrait painter who won the 1875 Prix de Rome
Prix de Rome
The Prix de Rome was a scholarship for arts students, principally of painting, sculpture, and architecture. It was created, initially for painters and sculptors, in 1663 in France during the reign of Louis XIV. It was an annual bursary for promising artists having proved their talents by...

The young Albert Gleizes did not like school and often skipped classes to idle away the time writing poetry and wandering through the nearby Montmartre cemetery. Finally, after completing his secondary schooling, Gleizes spent four years in the French army then began pursuing a career as a painter, primarily doing landscapes. Initially influenced by the Impressionists
Impressionism was a 19th-century art movement that originated with a group of Paris-based artists whose independent exhibitions brought them to prominence during the 1870s and 1880s...

, he was only twenty-one years of age when his work titled La Seine à Asnières was exhibited at the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts in 1902.

In 1907 Gleizes and some of his friends pursued the idea of creating the Abbaye de Créteil
Abbaye de Créteil
The Abbaye de Créteil or Abbaye group was an utopian, artitstic and literary community founded in 1907...

, a self-supporting community of artists which would allow them to develop their art free of any commercial concerns. For nearly a year, at a large house in Créteil
-Health:As of 1 January 2006, 27 pharmacies, about 60 dentists, about 60 general practitioners, 10 pediatricians, and a half-dozen ophthalmologists and dermatologists constitute the general medical staff of the city.Health facilities include:...

, Gleizes along with other painters, poets, musicians and writers, gathered to create. A lack of income forced them to give up their cherished Abbaye de Créteil in early 1908 and Gleizes moved temporarily into La Ruche
La Ruche
La Ruche is an artist's residence at the Paris South-Western outskirts.Located in the "Passage Dantzig," in the 15th arrondissement of Paris, La Ruche was an old three-storey circular structure that got its name because it looked more like a large beehive than any dwelling for humans...

, the artist commune in the Montparnasse Quarter of Paris.

Gleizes' evolving cubism

 saw him exhibit at the Salon des Indépendants in Paris in 1911 in a room together with Robert Delaunay
Robert Delaunay

, Jean Metzinger
Jean Metzinger
Jean Metzinger was a French painter.Metzinger was born in Nantes, France. Initially he was influenced by Fauvism and Impressionism, but from 1908 he was associated with Cubism. Metzinger was a member of the Section d'Or group of artists...

, Henri le Fauconnier
Henri Le Fauconnier
Henri Victor Gabriel Le Fauconnier was a French cubist painter born in Hesdin. He studied art in Paris at the Academie Julian and later exhibited with the Puteaux Group.He died in Paris....

 and Fernand Léger
Fernand Léger
Joseph Fernand Henri Léger was a French painter, sculptor, and filmmaker. In his early works he created a personal form of Cubism which he gradually modified into a more figurative, populist style...

. The result was a public scandal which brought Cubism for the first time to the attention of the general public (Picasso and Braque were exhibiting in a private gallery selling to a small circle of connoisseurs). Gleizes then collaborated with Jean Metzinger to produce a theoretical essay about cubism - Du "Cubisme" - that was published in 1912. In the fall of that year, he joined the Puteaux Group which met in the studio of Jacques Villon
Jacques Villon
Jacques Villon was a French cubist painter and printmaker.-Early life:Born Gaston Emile Duchamp in Damville, Eure, in the Haute-Normandie region of France, he came from a prosperous and artistically inclined family...

 (Gaston Duchamp) and also included Villon's brothers, Raymond Duchamp-Villon
Raymond Duchamp-Villon
Raymond Duchamp-Villon was a French sculptor.Duchamp-Villon was born Pierre-Maurice-Raymond Duchamp in Damville, Eure, in the Haute-Normandie region of France, the second son of Eugene and Lucie Duchamp. Of the six Duchamp children, four would become successful artists...

 and Marcel Duchamp
Marcel Duchamp
Marcel Duchamp was a French artist whose work is most often associated with the Dadaist and Surrealist movements. Considered by some to be one of the most important artists of the 20th century, Duchamp's output influenced the development of post-World War I Western art...

. In February 1913, Gleizes and other artists introduced the new style of painting to an American audience at the Armory Show in New York City
New York City

With the outbreak of World War I
World War I

, Albert Gleizes re-enlisted in the French army. He was put in charge of organizing entertainment for the troops and as a result was approached by Jean Cocteau
Jean Cocteau
Jean Maurice Eugène Clément Cocteau was a French poet, novelist, dramatist, designer, playwright, artist and filmmaker. His circle of associates, friends and lovers included Kenneth Anger, Pablo Picasso, Jean Hugo, Jean Marais, Henri Bernstein, Marlene Dietrich, Coco Chanel, Erik Satie, María...

 to design the set and costumes for the William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare

 play, A Midsummer Night's Dream
A Midsummer Night's Dream
A Midsummer Night's Dream is a play that was written by William Shakespeare. It is believed to have been written between 1590 and 1596. It portrays the events surrounding the marriage of the Duke of Athens, Theseus, and the Queen of the Amazons, Hippolyta...

Discharged from the military in the fall of 1915, Gleizes and his new wife, Juliette Roche, the daughter of a prominent and wealthy French statesman, moved to New York City. From there, the couple sailed to Barcelona where they were joined by Marie Laurencin
Marie Laurencin
Marie Laurencin was a French painter and printmaker. -Biography:Laurencin was born in Paris, where she was raised by her mother and lived much of her life. At 18, she studied porcelain painting in Sèvres...

 plus Francis Picabia
Francis Picabia
Francis Picabia was a French painter, poet, and typographist, associated with both the Dada and Surrealist art movements.- Early life :...

 and his wife. The group spent the summer painting at the resort area of Tossa del Mar and in December Gleizes had the first solo exhibition of his works at the Galeries Dalmau in Barcelona. Returning to New York city, Gleizes began writing poetic sketches in verse and in prose. Traveling to Bermuda
Bermuda is a British overseas territory in the North Atlantic Ocean. Located off the east coast of the United States, its nearest landmass is Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, about to the west-northwest. It is about south of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, and northeast of Miami, Florida...

, he painted a number of landscapes but when the war in Europe ended he returned to France where his career evolved more towards teaching through writing and he became involved with the committee of the Unions Intellectuelles Françaises. In 1927, still dreaming of the communal days at the Abbaye de Créteil, he founded an artist's colony at a rented house called the Moly-Sabata in Sablons
Sablons may refer to the following communes in France:*Sablons, Gironde, in the Gironde département*Sablons, Isère, in the Isère département...

 near his wife's family home in Serrières in the Ardèche
Ardèche is a department in south-central France named after the Ardèche River.- History :The area has been inhabited by humans at least since the Upper Paleolithic, as attested by the famous cave paintings at Chauvet Pont d'Arc. The plateau of the Ardeche River has extensive standing stones ,...

 département in the Rhône Valley.

In 1931, Gleizes was part of the committee of Abstraction-Création
Abstraction-Création was a loose association of artists formed in Paris in 1931 to counteract the influence of the Surrealist group led by André Breton....

 that acted as a forum for international non-representational art
Abstract art
Abstract art uses a visual language of form, color and line to create a composition which may exist with a degree of independence from visual references in the world. Western art had been, from the Renaissance up to the middle of the 19th century, underpinned by the logic of perspective and an...

. By this time, his work reflected the strengthening of his religious convictions and his 1932 book, La Forme et l’histoire examines Celt

ic, Romanesque
Romanesque art
Romanesque art refers to the art of Western Europe from approximately 1000 AD to the rise of the Gothic style in the 13th century, or later, depending on region. The preceding period is increasingly known as the Pre-Romanesque...

, and Oriental art. On tour in Poland

 and Germany

, he gave lectures titled Art et Religion, Art et Production and Art et Science and wrote a book on Robert Delaunay
Robert Delaunay

 but it was never published. In 1937, Gleizes was hired to paint murals for the Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne
The Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne was held from May 25 to November 25, 1937 in Paris, France...

 at the Paris World’s Fair. He collaborated with Delaunay in the Pavillon de l'Air and with Léopold Survage
Léopold Survage
Léopold Survage was an important French painter of Russian-Danish-Finnish descent born in Vilmanstrand, Finland .-Biography:At a young age, Survage was...

 and Fernand Léger
Fernand Léger

 for the Pavillon de l'Union des Artistes Modernes. At the end of 1938, Gleizes volunteered to participate in the free seminars and discussion groups for young painters set up by Robert Delaunay at his Paris studio.

In the late 1930s, the wealthy American art connoisseur Peggy Guggenheim
Peggy Guggenheim
Marguerite "Peggy" Guggenheim was an American art collector. Born to a wealthy New York City family, she was the daughter of Benjamin Guggenheim, who went down with the Titanic in 1912 and the niece of Solomon R. Guggenheim, who would establish the Solomon R...

 purchased a great deal of the new art in Paris including works by Albert Gleizes. She brought these works to the United States which today form part of the Peggy Guggenheim Collection
Peggy Guggenheim Collection
The Peggy Guggenheim Collection is an art museum on the Grand Canal in Venice, Italy. It is one of several museums of the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation....

. During World War II
World War II

, Gleizes and his wife remained in France under the German occupation. His religious convictions deepened and at war's end he was hailed by some as having laid out the principles for a renewal of religious art. In 1948, Gleizes accepted an offer from a publisher in Casablanca
Casablanca is a city in western Morocco, located on the Atlantic Ocean. It is the capital of the Grand Casablanca region.Casablanca is Morocco's largest city as well as its chief port. It is also the biggest city in the Maghreb. The 2004 census recorded a population of 2,949,805 in the prefecture...

 to create a series of etchings illustrating the Pensées sur l'Homme et Dieu of Blaise Pascal
Blaise Pascal
Blaise Pascal , was a French mathematician, physicist, inventor, writer and Catholic philosopher. He was a child prodigy who was educated by his father, a tax collector in Rouen...

. In 1951, he was made a jury member for the Prix de Rome and the government of France awarded him the Legion of Honor. In 1952, he did his last major work, a fresco titled Eucharist that he painted for a Jesuit
Society of Jesus
The Society of Jesus is a Catholic male religious order that follows the teachings of the Catholic Church. The members are called Jesuits, and are also known colloquially as "God's Army" and as "The Company," these being references to founder Ignatius of Loyola's military background and a...

 chapel in Chantilly
Chantilly, Oise
Chantilly is a small city in northern France. It is designated municipally as a commune in the department of Oise.It is in the metropolitan area of Paris 38.4 km...

Albert Gleizes died in Avignon
Avignon is a French commune in southeastern France in the départment of the Vaucluse bordered by the left bank of the Rhône river. Of the 94,787 inhabitants of the city on 1 January 2010, 12 000 live in the ancient town centre surrounded by its medieval ramparts.Often referred to as the...

 in the Vaucluse
The Vaucluse is a department in the southeast of France, named after the famous spring, the Fontaine-de-Vaucluse.- History :Vaucluse was created on 12 August 1793 out of parts of the departments of Bouches-du-Rhône, Drôme, and Basses-Alpes...

 département on 23 June 1953 and was interred in his wife's family mausoleum in the cemetery at Serrières.

External Sources

  • Albert Gleizes, illustrated article in French from the website of the Association des Amis de Jean Chevalier. Chevalier, a painter based in Lyon, was closely associated with Gleizes from the late 1930s until Gleizes's death in 1953.
  • Albert Gleizes, entry in Wikipédia (translated 24 Oct 2007)
  • Examples of the work of Gleizes and his pupils, together with a range of articles and translations of his writings can be found at the Form and History section of Peter Brooke's website
  • Further information, in French and English, can be found at the website of the Fondation Albert Gleizes, copyright holders of Gleizes's work.


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What to wear

Think of your clothing as the first line of defense against hypothermia.

A layered clothing system is the best choice for a variety of weather conditions, but not just any material will do. In Central Oregon, the adage is “cotton kills” because the fibers get saturated with....

Read complete article


Code optimization (for a competition)

Hi, can we optimize more this code?

main(){int n,i;scanf("%i",&n);while(n--){scanf("%i",&i);printf("%d\n",(i+1)*i/2);}}

What kind of optimization are you after? It looks like you are trying to write the program in as few characters as possible but that will not affect the run-time performance.
Yes, I know. The code must be just as short as possible and,
evidently, works.
Write it in J
Topic archived. No new replies allowed.


Smart questions for analyzing virtualization-cloud products

There are many security issues to consider when selecting virtualization cloud products for your organization. Gregory Machler suggest questions to ask when you're examining your choices

By Gregory Machler

February 21, 2011CSO

There are a variety of popular virtualization-cloud-infrastructure products that enable the virtualization of multiple applications on one server. With so many to consider, and so many questions to ask, let's start with this: What type of infrastructure virtualization product do you look for when you have security in mind?

You want one that has clean virtual machine integration (Infrastructure as a Service) with host intrusion detection software, anti-virus protection and malware protection. Each virtual machine supports the latest protection measures that are normally addressed within servers (Platform as a Service). What security measures should be deployed within the server that runs the supports the multiple virtual machines within its kernel or operating system? This server should execute HIDS (Host Intrusion Detection System), anti-virus protection, and server monitoring software to monitor its uptime and health.

See also: Security for large-company cloud providers

What security-related network features do you want? It would be beneficial to have a network virtualization management layer that integrates within the infrastructure management layer. This network management layer addresses three areas. First, the virtual machines need to support web application load balancing over multiple virtual machines to support high bandwidth web traffic. Secondly, like the quality of service (QoS) functions that exist when requesting bandwidth over the internet backbone, it is beneficial to have allocations of bandwidth for each application running on a virtual machine. Applications split up the network bandwidth dedicated to a given server. Thirdly, the bandwidth rules must be tethered to specific virtual machines even when the virtual machines migrate from one server to another. This bandwidth migration is one portion of the puzzle that is necessary for seamless disaster recovery.

What about storage security concerns? First it would be beneficial to have a storage virtualization management layer that integrates with the infrastructure management layer. This management layer addresses three areas. The first one is the mapping of storage capacity to a specific virtual machine. If a virtual machine nears storage capacity limits, it can allocate more capacity by linking one allocation of cloud storage to the next allocation of cloud storage (like a linked list in software) so that storage can grow as the application needs it.

Secondly, the storage virtualization layer sets the policy for a given applications storage replication, both remote (over 200 miles) and/or local distances. This is a critical component of disaster recovery. Thirdly, the storage virtualization layer defines the policy that gives direction to the virtual machine, helping it reconnect to the allocated cloud storage chain, when migrating to another server locally or to a server in another city.


What is a Receivership?

A receivership is created by a court at the request of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) in a securities fraud case involving a sufficiently large number of investors and a sufficiently large enough amount of money.   The SEC typically will ask the court to create a receivership and to appoint a receiver.

A receiver is an individual who is charged with marshalling the assets of the fraud and holding them in trust for the SEC to distribute them to aggrieved investors once all of the remaining assets are recovered.

Receiverships often are created in the context of a Ponzi scheme, which is a form of investment fraud where the money of new investors is used to pay earlier investors, making the investment opportunity seem attractive and viable.  Ponzi schemes are always unstable and inevitably collapse and the SEC may bring an emergency action to freeze the assets of the Ponzi scheme before it collapses to prevent the assets from disappearing and to ensure proper distribution of the remaining assets.

The Claims Process

In order to receive a distribution from the receivership, defrauded investors typically must submit a claim with the receiver.

Claims forms generally ask for information about the investment in the fraud such as the date and amount of the investment(s) along with any supporting documentation about such investments.

There is no standard receivership claim form as the claim form is tailored to the circumstances of each case.

Receivers often put deadlines on claim submission to ensure that claims are submitted in a timely manner.

Distribution of Receivership Assets

Once the receiver has marshaled the assets from the investment fraud and determined the amount of claims submitted by investors, a plan of distribution is filed with the court.

The plan of distribution often will identify the individuals who will receive money from the receivership as well as the amount they are to receive.

After the plan of distribution is approved by the court, the assets of the receivership are distributed to investors who have filed claims, and the receivership is dissolved.
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Closing in

The book on Patan Hospital is about to be finished. I’m fortunate to have some great people supporting me. Now all the stories have been proofread several times and I’m closing in on a finished product. Hopefully I’ll get it printed in a couple of months.

Attacked by a rare syndrome

“It hurts. My leg. Where is mum?”

It’s not easy for Rikit Pal to express himself. He cannot move his legs or arms anymore. When he opens his mouth, only air comes out. Strangers in green clothes lift him and put tubes into his nostrils. The hospital room is so bright and scary. Nothing reminds Rikit of life in his village so far away in the Terai. He looks up from his bed with frightened eyes. Only a week ago Rikit was out playing with his friends. That evening he complained that his knees hurt. The next day he could not lift his hands, and the following day he was not able to walk. His parents brought him to the closest hospital, but nothing could be done there. By the time they got him on a bus to Kathmandu, he was totally paralyzed. At Patan Hospital, Rikit was immediately admitted to the new Pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). “Will he ever be better?” asks his mother Dhupkali Pal. “We have been terrified for him. I wonder if we have done anything wrong to upset the gods.”

Guillain–Barré syndrome is a rare disorder affecting the peripheral nervous system. Less than 2 people in 100,000 get the syndrome annually. By some unknown trigger, the nerves that control the body’s muscles are damaged, causing severe weakness beginning in the legs. This can spread up to involve the entire body, and in severe cases the patient will not even be able to breathe on his own. Rikit had such a case and was put on a mechanical ventilator.

“Intensive care facilities are scarce and mostly unaffordable in our part of the world. The hospital charity fund is limited, but we would surely like to spend it on patients like Rikit where a full recovery can be expected. Though it may take several weeks to months, no mental handicap or intellectual deficit will occur, as the disease does not affect the brain. However, without the intensive care services patients like Rikit would die gasping for breath,” says pediatrician Dr. Shrijana Shrestha.

“I’m worried for my son, but not so much for the money. We are poor, but I can sell my ornaments and we can borrow some money. His health is the most important,” says his mother. But she is probably not aware that the hospital bill after several weeks in the PICU already exceeds $1,000. They have paid about $200 in advance, but there is no way they will be able to pay the final bill. Along with so many other patients, they will rely on the hospital’s Charity Fund, but the need far outweighs the limited funds available.

Most people get well from the Guillain–Barré syndrome if they just get the support they need. It may take a few weeks to several months, but Rikit will get his strength back again.

Since 1981, Patan Hospital has been a beating heart in the Kathmandu valley, meeting the challenges of life in Nepal with compassion and care. It has a strong reputation for clinical excellence and a well-established ethos of service to the poor and disadvantaged. With a total budget of US$6 million, the hospital’s statistics are impressive. It would not be possible without the committed doctors and staff who are making a difference in people’s lives every day.

Life does not always turn out as planned. Too many dreams are crushed in poverty, underemployment, and the realities of life in Kathmandu. But inside the doors of Patan Hospital, no one is turned away because of money. It’s a tough mission in one of the world’s poorest countries.


Red-eyed Tree Frog (Agalychnis callidryas) mating pair

photo by brian.gratwicke on Flickr

Red-eyed Tree Frog (Agalychnis callidryas) mating pair — Fotopedia
no description yet
Wikipedia Article
See encyclopedia photos —
Litoria chloris

Litoria chloris, also commonly known as the red-eyed tree frog or orange-eyed tree frog, is a species of tree frog native to eastern Australia; ranging from north of Sydney to Proserpine in mid-northern Queensland.

See encyclopedia photos —
Tree frog

A tree frog is any frog that spends a major portion of its lifespan in trees, known as an arboreal state. Several lineages of frogs among the Neobatrachia have given rise to tree frogs, even though they are not closely related to each other.

Many millions of years of convergent evolution have resulted in almost identical morphology and ecologies. In fact, they are so similar as regards their ecological niche that in one biome where one group of tree frogs occurs, the other is almost always absent. The last common ancestor of some such tree frog groups lived long before the extinction of the dinosaurs.[citation needed]

See encyclopedia photos —

The body plan of an adult frog is generally characterized by a stout body, protruding eyes, cleft tongue, limbs folded underneath and the absence of a tail. Besides living in fresh water and on dry land, the adults of some species are adapted for living underground or in trees. The skin of the frog is glandular, with secretions ranging from distasteful to toxic. Warty species of frog tend to be called toads. Frog warts are elevations in the skin where glandular toxins tend to concentrate. The distinction between frogs and toads is based on informal naming conventions concentrating on the warts rather than taxonomy or evolutionary history; some toads are more closely related to frogs than other toads. Frogs' skins vary in colour from well-camouflaged dappled brown, grey and green to vivid patterns of bright red or yellow and black to advertise toxicity and warn off predators.

See encyclopedia photos —

The Lissamphibia (Greek λισσός, lissos, "smooth" + ἀμφí, amphi, "both" + βíος, bios, "life") are a subclass of animals that includes all recent amphibians. For several decades, this name has been used for a group that includes all extant amphibians, but excludes all the main groups of Paleozoic tetrapods, such as Temnospondyli, Lepospondyli, Embolomeri, and Seymouriamorpha. Some authors hold that Lissamphibia is a clade, that the subclass consists of all the descendants of an ancestral lissamphibian, but others hold that frogs and salamanders derive from temnospondyls, whereas caecilians derive from lepospondyls, so Lissamphibia is polyphyletic.

Living amphibians fall into one of three orders: the Anura (frogs and toads), the Caudata or Urodela (salamanders and newts), and the Gymnophiona or Apoda (the limbless caecilians). An extinct group, the family Albanerpetontidae in the order Allocaudata, was moderately successful, spanning 160 million years from the Middle Jurassic to the Early Pliocene, an interval that ended 3.6 million years ago.

See encyclopedia photos —

Agalychnis is a genus of tree frogs native to forests in Mexico, Central America and northwestern South America.

Eight species were placed within the Agalychnis genus, but a recent major revision of the Hylidae family [1] moved two species to the newly created genus Cruziohyla, leaving six species in this genus:

Blue-sided leaf frog, Agalychnis annae (Duellman, 1963) Red-eyed tree frog, Agalychnis callidryas (Cope, 1862) Pink-sided leaf frog, Agalychnis litodryas (Duellman and Trueb, 1967) Morelet's tree frog, Agalychnis moreletii (Duméril, 1853) Misfit leaf frog, Agalychnis saltator (Taylor, 1955) Gliding leaf frog, Agalychnis spurrelli (Boulenger, 1913)

Data related to Agalychnis at Wikispecies Media related to Agalychnis at Wikimedia Commons


Jura-Capresso Launches Special-Order Program

CLOSTER, N.J.–Jura-Capresso has created a special-order program for retailers, permitting them to offer more choices to shoppers without increasing their inventories.
The company provides a binder to retailers containing images and descriptions for 27 Jura-Capresso SKUs, including automatic coffee centers and accessories, espresso machines, coffeemakers, grinders and other kitchen electrics. Retailers that stock some of the products can thus sell all of them. A scannable UPC code is provided for each item, for those retailers that have UPC code scanning capability.
Also as part of the program, Jura-Capresso will drop-ship special orders directly to the consumer. The binder also includes reference material on espresso-based drinks.


Special Education
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  Special Education

Guidance for Families about Special Education Services
Independent Educational Evaluations (IEEs)

If you disagree with the results of a district evaluation, you may request an Independent educational evaluation (IEE). An IEE is an evaluation conducted by a qualified examiner who is not employed by the district responsible for the education of your child. Public expense means that the district either pays for the full cost of the evaluation or ensures that the evaluation is otherwise provided at no cost to you. You are only entitled to one IEE of your child at public expense each time the district conducts an evaluation of your child with which you disagree. If you request information about an IEE, the district must provide you with information about where you may obtain an IEE and what criteria the examiner you choose needs to meet (the same criteria the district sets for their own examiner). The district should also provide you with guidance about how far you may travel to obtain your IEE.

While a request for an IEE is not required to be in writing, this is encouraged as it can serve as documentation of your request. Districts must either grant or deny your request within 15 calendar days of receiving the request.

  1. If your IEE request is GRANTED
    If a district grants your request for an IEE it can require that your selected evaluator have the qualifications to conduct the IEE and it may impose reasonable geographic limitations. They may not set of conditions or timelines related to obtaining an IEE at public expense, including limiting your evaluator selection to those identified by the district. Once you have selected an independent evaluator who is qualified to conduct an evaluation, the district will need to contract with the evaluator, so that they can pay for the IEE.
  2. If your IEE request is DENIED
    When a district denies your request for an IEE, they are taking the position that the district’s evaluation is an accurate and comprehensive one, providing all the information needed to establish eligibility and develop an appropriate educational program for the student, if appropriate. Should a district deny a request for an IEE, they must request a due process hearing to defend their evaluation. If the administrative law judge (ALJ) determines the district’s evaluation is appropriate, you still have the right to an IEE, but not at public expense. If the administrative law judge (ALJ) determines the district’s evaluation is not appropriate, the district must pay for the IEE.

    Whether the IEE is provided by the District or paid for privately by a parent, the district must take the results of the IEE into consideration when determining a student’s services and placement. They are not obligated to follow all of the IEE recommendations, if they do not believe that the recommendations are needed to provide a student with a FAPE. However, the parent may present the IEE results as evidence at a later due process hearing regarding the student.


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still from 'Resistance', film (Copyright 2008 Liz Crow)

Liz Crow

Liz Crow is a filmmaker drawn to the power of the arts to trigger change. The themes of her work are identity, resistance, and survival. Her creative work and her experience of living with a disability are entwined—the themes of her work are the themes of her life. Crow has recently had her work screened at Tate Modern, the British Film Institute, and India’s Ability Fest. She lives and works in Bristol, United Kingdom.


Antidepressants vs SR

The Only Proven Process

Depression is the primary symptom for PTSD, Obesity, Anorexia, Bulimia, ADHD, Alcohol abuse, Drug abuse, and virtually all other behavior disorders.  you absolutely must understand how an emotional state comes about if you want to have any control over your emotional state.

If you do not know how an emotional
state comes about you are guessing how to help someone (or yourself) and this is exactly what everyone in coaching , counseling, psychology,and psychiatry is doing. Guessing!

You must understand that everything you do produces a result and the SR
tm process has only produced positive documented results since it's introduction into psychiatric care in 1990.  Since our initial study in 1992, The Burris Life Coach and the SRtm process has been the only proven process for depression.

Why is it Important to Take Control of Your Subconscious?

Everything that you have ever seen, heard, smelled, tasted or felt is stored in your subconscious.

Your subconscious uses this information to determine how you emotionally react to your world.  To give you an idea of the power of the subconscious it processes information at 4 billion bits/second which is faster than your conscious mind can do which processes information at 2000 bits/second according to Quantum Physics.  It runs faster than you can speak and right now you do not even know what it is doing.  In other words if you do not know how your subconscious works... you are Not Running Your Life!
Your Life Is Running You!

Quantum Thinking

Quantum Thinking (pure potential) means starting at the very origin of the thought process and this is the foundation of The Burris Life Coach and the SR
tm process.  Everything we know and think is based on our perceptions.

These "Perceptions" are stored in your subconscious.

The definition of "Perception" is an awareness of environmental signals stimulating the antennas on every cell of your body resulting in a physical sensation.

Remember you are not a body.  You are a community of cells responding to the software running the program.

Should you know "How to Unlock the Power of your Subconscious" to achieve what you were meant to be?

George Maris, SR® Life Coach,
P.O. Box 55568
Valencia, CA 91355
Fax 661.255.1919
Black Box Warning for All

On May 2, 2007, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ordered that all antidepressant medications carry an expanded black-box warning incorporating information about an increased risk of "suicidal symptoms" in young adults 18 to 24 years of age.

What should I talk about with my Health care Provider?

Patients on antidepressants and their families or caregivers should with for new or worsening symptoms, unseal changes in behavior, thoughts of suicide, anxiety, agitation, panic attacks, difficulty sleeping, irritability, hostility, aggressiveness, impulsivity, restlessness, or extreme hyperactivity.

Call your Health care Provider right away if you have thoughts of suicide or if any of these symptoms are severe or occur suddenly.  Be especially observant within the first few months on antidepressant treatment or whenever there is a change in dose.

Abilify claims that two out of every three people who take antidepressants still suffer from depression symptoms so they recommend you add their drug to the antidepressant you are already taking.  Following are some of the warnings posted on their site.

Abnormal or uncontrollable movements of face, tongue, or other parts of the body.  These may be signs of a serious condition called tardive dyskinedia (TD), which could become permanent.

If you have diabetes, or risk factors for diabeted (for example, obesity, family history of diabetes), or unexpected increases in thirst, urination, or hunger, your blood sugar should be monitored.  Increases in blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia).
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Tim Sylvia

Royce GracieTim ‘Maine-iac’ Sylvia

Timothy Deane Sylvia (born March 5, 1976), also known as “The Maine-iac,” is an American mixed martial arts fighter. He is currently the Heavyweight Champion in the Ultimate Fighting Championship. He is also a member of the Miletich Fighting Systems.
Career Highlights

One of the most disturbing sports injuries ever captured on film occurred at UFC 48, when Sylvia fought Frank Mir for the vacant Heavyweight championship. Mir trapped Sylvia’s right arm in an armbar submission attempt. However, Sylvia’s arm was actually positioned sideways, so that between Sylvia’s strength and a lack of leverage, Mir couldn’t properly execute the move. Unable to free himself, Tim rose to his feet, most likely in an attempt to either gain enough leverage to pull his arm out or to use his superior strength to pick Mir off the mat and slam him. As Sylvia stood up, Frank was able to twist his arm and complete the armbar. Sylvia refused to tap out, and as Mir applied more pressure, Tim’s radius snapped about three inches below his elbow, resulting in a very sudden and noticeable bulge in the skin. Referee Herb Dean immediately stopped the fight and the ring doctor declared Sylvia unable to continue. Sylvia took exception to this decision and repeatedly claimed his arm wasn’t broken, even touching it and moving it around to demonstrate. He demanded the match be restarted, but the judges and UFC President Dana White, acting on the doctor’s opinion and in the interests of Sylvia’s health, officially ended the fight and Mir was given the title. White ordered Sylvia to be taken to a local hospital, where an x-ray revealed that his arm was in fact broken. Sylvia took several months off to recuperate, but this match raised his status even higher in many fans eyes.


Medical Independent

Team approach to polysubstance abuse

Case Study | Miriam Finnegan, Clinical Director; Conor Kelly, Traditional Chinese Medicine Practitioner; Ann Buckmaster, Clinical Psychologist; Toranfield House, Coolakay Enniskerry Wicklow | 01 Dec 2011 | 0 Comment(s)

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A multidisciplinary approach to addiction can provide better long-term outcomes for those in treatment

Carl was in his late 40s at the time of referral to the residential programme. He was referred from a local out-patient addiction service which he had been attending for alcohol and drug misuse. Carl engaged well in the therapeutic programme from the first day and responded particularly well to group therapy.

Carl was born the fourth of a large family; both of his parents were deceased. He portrayed a very difficult relationship with his mother and described his father as an alcoholic. Carl did not remember receiving any warmth/comfort from his parents and noted that crying was strongly discouraged. Carl has five children, two living with him and three living with their mother. He was engaged in legal proceedings to gain custody of his children. Carl reported that his children suffered from some trauma and neglect throughout their childhood due to their parents’ addiction to alcohol and other substances. Carl described himself as intelligent and was moved up a class in school several times as a child. He suffered from physical and sexual abuse during his school years. He described acting aggressively with his peers. When in treatment, Carl was facing charges for physical assault. His ex-wife, who he described as a drug-user, is the mother of his children. Carl expressed deep hurt in relation to the break-up of his marriage. He described himself as a ‘loner’ and noted that he now has few close friendships. He described a strong interest in animals, music, literature and film. He has a history of stomach abscess, septicaemia, pneumonia and hepatitis C.

An in-depth clinical interview was conducted and Carl was socialised to the TMCAT. Findings from the assessment were grouped into two areas – drug/alcohol misuse and emotion regulation.

Carl reported a history of abusing alcohol, recreational and prescription drugs which began at nine years of age. He reported that he had been using heroin intermittently for 30 years. Carl had attempted to abstain from substance/alcohol use and has attended five other addiction services in the past, but he continually relapsed. He had successfully completed a detoxification programme 10 days prior to attending the service. He described high levels of motivation to abstain from drugs and alcohol permanently in order to support and care for his children.

Carl described difficulties expressing and identifying emotions, particularly sadness. He described strong feelings of guilt in relation to his treatment of his children in the past which he found difficult to process. Carl described difficulties managing his anger and admitted to physically assaulting another man in the past. He described severe difficulty sleeping which he related to extremely unhelpful thoughts which were impacting his mood and ability to relax. Carl described symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) which he related to family stress and his difficulty expressing emotions.

Mental health

The Toranfield model of care for addiction (TMCAT) was undertaken which involved developing a dynamic individualised care plan (DICP) to address Carl’s specific needs. CBT was undertaken to address some of Carl’s difficulties. CBT has a large evidence base for treating mental health difficulties and is key in the effective treatment of substance and alcohol addiction. Carl also engaged in client-centred counselling and psychotherapy. It has been identified that there are complex interactions between addictive behaviours, the provision of counselling and treatment outcomes. However, in spite of this complex process, research suggests that counselling is effective in reducing alcohol and other substance use when compared with a control group. In addition, a growing body of literature highlights the importance of counsellor characteristics on outcomes for clients. Carl and his family engaged in a family-based intervention. Recent studies suggest that family and network approach either match or improve client outcomes in comparison to individual interventions. Carl also had regular access to the neuromuscular therapist/traditional Chinese practitioner. Principles of Chinese medicine are effective in treating individuals with addiction difficulties. According to Ashton, Nodiyal, Green, Moore and Heather (2009), clients treated for alcohol addiction with acupuncture showed a significant decrease in alcohol consumption and distress.

Based on the findings from the initial assessment, the following formulation of different factors was developed for understanding Carl’s difficulties.

Predisposed: Carl was exposed to parent-child attachment problems in early life. He may have suffered from neglectful parenting with a large family, a father with alcohol addiction, social disadvantage, and a mother who was struggling to meet the family’s basic needs for survival. He suffered from physical abuse within the school environment and described a tendency for risk-taking and sensation-seeking.

Precipitating: Carl grew up in an environment where alcohol and drugs were readily available. He endured several changes of class during his school years which resulted in a loss of peer friendships. He was exposed to physical and sexual abuse and learned to resolve difficulties in peer relationships through aggression. He did not learn to regulate his emotions as a young child; hence he was likely to have used drugs and alcohol to regulate negative mood states.

Protective: Carl had a good cognitive ability and was committed to addressing his difficulties. He loved riding horses. In addition, he engaged with a counsellor in the locality and had a good knowledge of theory relating to addiction.

Maintaining: Carl was physiologically dependent on some of the substances he was abusing. His father reinforced his son’s addiction by abusing alcohol. He had a poor social support network, a lack of financial resources, and few employment opportunities. Carl had high levels of stress which he related to family interactions and legal/custody issues. Carl had developed unhelpful coping strategies for the associated negative mood states which resulted in maintaining his alcohol and other substance use.

Treatment: Based on the initial assessment and formulation, Carl engaged in a therapeutic programme based on his DICP. Carl attended the psychiatrist, but no major mental health issues were identified. He engaged in CBT sessions. He had difficulty identifying emotions and tended to deal with strong emotions through avoidance and intellectualising. Carl was supported in identifying and processing strong emotions such as sadness, guilt, fear and anger. Predisposing factors and early warning signs of anger difficulties were identified and psycho-education was provided on managing unhelpful thoughts. Techniques for releasing anger were also discussed which utilised imagery, physical, and verbal expression. Assertive communication skills were covered using specific examples from Carl’s life (e.g. communicating with his children’s social worker). Sleep difficulties were also addressed and Carl was provided with information on sleep hygiene to help obtain sufficient sleep. Relapse prevention aided Carl in identifying high-risk situations and early warning signs of relapse.

Carl participated in client-centred counselling/psychotherapy during his residential programme. These sessions offered him the opportunity to explore aspects of his addiction, uncovering underlying issues which predated his substance misuse. Incidences of early sexual abuse by a same sex peer were discussed which uncovered feelings of deep shame, guilt and anger which left Carl questioning his sexuality. This issue had complicated Carl’s sexual development. He had kept these events secret, never knowing his place in relationships and at times feeling sexually out of control. Such experiences played a role in Carl’s predisposition to risk-taking and sensation-seeking. This therapy supported Carl to further explore such events in a safe and therapeutic environment.

Carl engaged in group therapy and psycho-education on a daily basis while attending TMCAT. This involved emotional processing, formulating on the aetiology of addiction, and addressing barriers to recovery. He also engaged in a mindfulness programme twice weekly.

Carl’s older children, who reside with him, attended the family programme. These meetings occurred once-weekly and involved a facilitated discussion of issues concerning all three. The children shared some distressing experiences which were as a direct result of Carl’s substance misuse. Carl responded as a parent, validating their experiences and acknowledging responsibility for neglecting them on several occasions. In this context, his children also expressed appreciation of Carl’s ongoing support for them. Family therapy sessions were highly emotive and at times challenging for Carl. All three recognised the challenges Carl is likely to face during his application for access to his other children.

The overall traditional Chinese medicine treatment principle in addressing Carl’s difficulties was to calm the Shen (mind). The goals of this treatment were to facilitate Carl to relax in the evenings and to improve his sleep pattern. This treatment aimed to promote relaxation and to release suppressed feelings of anger. Local and distal acupoints followed by massage to the limbs/shoulders were used to improve circulation and mobility which had been restricted due to pain. Points addressed frustration, aggression, depression and cravings. Finally, Carl was taught simple breathing exercises while engaging in Tai Chi/Qiqong to quieten his mind and improve oxygen intake.

Upon completion of the 28-day rehabilitation programme, Carl was determined to remain abstinent from alcohol and other substances. His cravings reduced considerably, aided by acupuncture, CBT and participation in individual/group therapy. Through engaging in relapse prevention, Carl had a clear written outline of situations which posed a high risk to relapse and strategies to deal with them. He committed to attending the aftercare programme, utilising community supports and engaging in extracurricular activities to promote self-efficacy.

Carl reported that although he continued to struggle with expressing strong emotion, he had an improved ability to process emotion by utilising emotion regulation knowledge and skills. This was further facilitated through family therapy whereby Carl began to communicate and share his thoughts and emotions more effectively with his children. Carl planned on utilising assertive communication skills in his dealings with others in the future. Through processing of emotion, traditional Chinese practice and psycho-education on sleep hygiene, Carl’s sleep improved over the course of his treatment.

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Miejsce Los Angeles, California, Stany Zjednoczone
Profession Groupfashion designer
Strona internetowa

About Androgynous

Androgynous, is our most current line, menswear for women. Somewhere out there in the world, there must be people like us who spend days thinking of how they can take their wardrobe and magically turn it into something like high end menswear. I’m someone who believes that a little weirdness, and a little “craziness” can cause big changes. And I believe that something as trivial as the clothes you choose to wear can change the way society thinks about what’s “normal”…especially what society thinks about what’s right or wrong. Many say that humans are irrational and emotional, and that we ought to become more logical and make decisions based on logical reasoning. I know there's value in logical reasoning but I believe that only through the irrational and emotional can we create art, music and find beauty. These things only exist on the emotional level. And it is on this level that we connect and bond. Logic doesn't understand art, music, beauty and love. Logic doesn't understand happiness. Thanks for visiting. Cheers, Vee

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L-THEANINE POWDER - 150 Grams

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    Pharmaceutical grade ultra-pure for maximum bioavailability. Pure free form amino acid with no fillers or additives. HPLC verified.

    L-Theanine is a natural phytochemical found in Japanese green tea. L-Theanine is a non-essential amino acid that is present in the brain and is a close relative of Glutamate. Studies indicate that L-Theanine interacts with the neurotransmitter, GABA (Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid). GABA, known for its importance in nervous system functioning, works with the mood centers of the brain. Studies in Japan show that L-Theanine helps support the body's ability to deal with PMS and occasional, everyday anxiety.

    L-Theanine is a unique amino acid found almost exclusively in the green tea plant (Camellia sinensis) and is the primary ingredient contributing to the unusual taste of green tea. Animal studies have shown that L-Theanine crosses the blood brain barrier, increases dopamine and GABA levels in the brain, and inhibits the stimulatory properties of caffeine. Human studies have shown that taking L-Theanine results in the emission of brain waves associated with a state of relaxation.

    L-Theanine exerts beneficial effects on brain metabolism and induces relaxation without causing drowsiness, as measured by increased generation of alpha-waves. L-Theanine may improve learning ability and sensations of pleasure by affecting dopamine and serotonin neurotransmitters in the brain. Also, L-Theanine exerts protective effects on the brain by antagonizing glutamate toxicity.

    L-Theanine helps promote a restful, relaxed state while maintaining daytime alertness. L-Theanine is also scientifically shown to support healthy blood pressure levels that are already within normal range.

    Take the edge of mounting stress, and relax naturally with L-Theanine.

    Notice: This amino acid, L-Theanine is easily confused with the amino acid L-Threonine. They are spelled similarly but are two different amino acids. If you are looking for L-Threonine click here.

    Suggested Use: As a dietary supplement, take 1 serving with your favorite beverage 1 to 2 times daily on an empty stomach, or as directed by your physician. We advise that an accurate milligram weight scale be used to measure out each serving as measuring by volume is not always accurate.

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World of Wu-Yu

Bharata is the ancestor of Elves, and goddess of night, the moon, and the underworld. She is called Lady of the Underworld, Mistress of the Dance, Lady of Mystery, and Ancestor of Elf-kind. She was Regent of Wu-Yu during the Wu Yuga, but withdrew to the moon to learn the dance of reincarnation.

The Elven religion of Bharatan holds her as its primary deity.


Valtteri Bottas young driver test SilverstoneValtteri Bottas topped the times for Williams on the opening day of Formula 1's young driver test at Silverstone.

Each driver set his quickest time on the soft compound in dry and sunny conditions at the British Grand Prix venue. Bottas did 50 laps, completing aerodynamic testing early on and lapping consistently in the 1m32s bracket before moving onto setup work. He eventually got down to a 1m31.436s lap and will be running a race simulation in the afternoon session.

Max Chilton, driving the Marussia, completed seven installation laps before setting his first proper time of the day, a 1m38.596s. The British driver eventually worked his way down to a 1m36.558s lap but the air valve system sensor on the engine malfunctioned toward the end of the session, bringing out the red flags and causing the Marussia to be returned to the pitlane on the back of a transporter.

Rio Haryanto will take over in the afternoon and is not expected to lose any time due to the failure.

Ma Qing Hua did 55 laps for HRT having never driven the new Silverstone Arena circuit before. He finished with a 1m39.462s lap having worked his way down from lapping in the high 1m50s bracket early in the day. The Chinese driver will complete setup work in the afternoon after working with a base setup in the morning session.

Pos  Driver                 Team                    Time       Gap
 1.  Valtteri Bottas        Williams-Renault        1m31.436s
 2.  Max Chilton            Marussia-Cosworth       1m36.558s  + 5.122s
 3.  Ma Qing Hua            HRT-Cosworth            1m39.462s  + 8.026s

All Timing Unofficial


How immigrants are redefining 'American' in Southern California

Adopted parents, adopted children: How two mothers reconnected with their Korean roots

Photo by Chiceaux Lynch/Flickr (Creative Commons)

New American Media featured a moving story this weekend from Hyphen magazine, which covers the Asian American diaspora. It told the stories of two Korean adoptees who, when deciding to adopt children themselves, turned to the country of their birth.

One woman, Rebecca Eun Hee Viot, and her biological brother grew up in Minnesota with their adoptive white family, disconnected from their ethnic roots. When circumstances prompted Viot and her husband to adopt, they chose Ruby, a 9-month-old from South Korea. From the piece:

Since then, Ruby has brought peace to Viot's life and tightened Viot's bonds to her birth country. “I never took a pride in being Korean," Viot said, though she wasn't necessarily ashamed. “I was often confused and sad because I knew I didn't fit in. I just didn't know who I was.”

Motivated by her daughter, Viot has begun to explore Korean food (she can now cook kaktugi, bulgogi, japchae and kimchi jigae) and the Korean language (she has learned to read Hangul and aspires to speak it with her biological family). She is also interested in learning Korean drumming and dance through the Korean Heritage House, which recently opened in the Twin Cities; Ruby will be enrolled when she turns 4.

“We're learning together,” said Viot, who has founded an Internet forum for parents undergoing the adoption process. I have to stop myself from thinking that just because [Ruby and I] look alike that is enough. I'm still learning about the traditions. I have to do my homework, just like my [friends who are] Caucasian adoptive parents.


Supreme Court ruling is critical step forward for affordable health insurance

We celebrate this morning’s Supreme Court ruling as a significant step forward in making health insurance accessible and affordable for more Minnesotans. Today’s decision upholding key provisions of the Affordable Care Act is important because, for hundreds of thousands of Minnesotans, their interest in health care reform is not about legal opinions or political battles – it’s about whether their families can afford to see a doctor.

Much was at risk in today’s ruling. The Affordable Care Act already allows children to stay on their parents’ insurance until age 26, prevents insurers from denying children coverage for pre-existing conditions, and requires preventive services to be covered without out-of-pocket costs. These benefits could have been lost.

But even more was at stake. The Affordable Care Act can remove many of the barriers that keep people from getting adequate and affordable health insurance coverage. We can now move forward with implementing these provisions, including:

  • Improving access to health coverage by creating a health insurance exchange where individuals and small businesses can shop for private insurance;
  • Making insurance more affordable by offering tax subsidies to lower the cost of premiums and out-of-pocket costs for many Minnesotans;
  • Ensuring a basic level of coverage for everyone by creating a set of “essential benefits” that all health insurance plans in the state must cover;
  • Setting up a system of trained navigators to help guide individuals and small businesses through the process of selecting and purchasing the health insurance products that fit their needs;
  • Reducing health disparities by improving insurance rates in communities of color through more affordable coverage and better outreach.

There are still significant gaps in our current health care system - nearly half a million Minnesotans were without health insurance at last count.

People go without health insurance for a variety of reasons: they can’t afford the premiums, pre-existing conditions make it difficult to qualify, they find it hard to shop for insurance, or they are crossing their fingers that they’ll stay healthy.

But going without insurance carries very high risks, both for the individual and the state’s economy. An individual who is uninsured (or underinsured) is more likely to avoid seeking medical care in a timely way, leading to worse health outcomes. People are also less likely to be able to afford their medical bills if a health care emergency strikes, leading to medical debt. And this inability to pay hurts the state’s economy because it leads to more uncompensated care, which eventually results in higher health care costs for everyone else.

The Supreme Court’s decision to uphold the Affordable Care Act gives us a chance to provide accessible, affordable and adequate insurance coverage for more Minnesotans. We can reduce the number of uninsured and create a health care system that works for everyone.

There is still lots of work to be done before the bulk of these reforms are implemented in 2014 – but you can count on the Minnesota Budget Project to keep you informed along the way.


Wednesday, June 19th, 2013 • 13:42:51
Destinations Greek Cuisine Mythology Greece Abroad Culture History News About Us

Skalkotas Nikos

Nikos Skalkotas is considered as one of the most influential Greek composers of the 20th century. His musical background was mainly rooted to the classical repertoire and the Greek traditional music. He was born on 21 March, 1904 in Chalkida (Evoia, Greece) and was a member of the Second Viennese School*. His musical ability was probably influenced by his family environment. His second grandfather, Alexandros Skalkotas, was a prominent singer, violinist, and composer of folk music. His father, Alekos Skalkotas, was a self-taught flautist and gave Nikos some introductory instruction on how to play the violin.

Nikos Skalkotas began his violin lessons under the direction of his uncle, Costas, and continued at the Athens Conservatory by graduating with high distinction in 1920. A year later he received a scholarship from the Averoff Foundation and went to Berlin. He stayed there for the following twelve years and took violin lessons at the Prussian Academy of Arts given by Willy Hess. In 1923 Nikos Skaltotas stopped playing the violin by deciding to become a composer. He was taught the art of composition by Robert Kahn,  Paul Juon,  Kurt Weill and Philipp Jarnach. In 1933 (when Hitler came to power) Skalkotas returned to Athens and survived by playing in various orchestras. Another reason why Skalkottas came back to Greece could be the end of his scholarship that was funded until then. In Athens Skalkottas tried to get another  funding through scholarship but he felt really disappointed by realizing the difficult state of musical affairs at that time in Athens.

 *The Second Viennese is the group of composers that comprised Arnold Schoenberg and his pupils and close associates in early 20th century Vienna, where he lived and taught, sporadically, between 1903 and 1925.

Nikos Skalkotas' early works, (most works written in Berlin but also in Athens), are lost. His remaining works (1922-1924) are the following;  piano compositions and orchestration of Cretan Feast by Dimitris Mitropoulos. Among the works written in Berlin are the sonata for solo violin, several works for piano, chamber music and some symphonic works. Although during the period 1931-1934 Skalkottas did not compose anything, he resumed composing in Athens and continued until his death. His output comprised symphonic works (36 Greek Dances, the symphonic overture The Return of Ulysses, the fairy drama Mayday Spell, the Second Symphonic Suite, the ballet The Maiden and Death, works for wind orchestra and several concertos), chamber, vocal and instrumental works including the huge cycle of 32 Piano Pieces.

in 1949 Skalkotas died unexpectedly due to a hernia which had been neglected by him.  Thus, various symphonic orchestrations of him remained unfinished. Most of his compositions were presented after his death. Apart from his purely musical work, he also compiled an important theoretical work, consisting of musical articles, a treatise of orchestration, musical analysis, etc. Skalkottas managed to form his own style of music writing at a very short period. Each of his teachers’ influence was absorbed by him in a really creative way. That creativity resulted to an absolute personal and recognizable way of composition.

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An international team has confirmed the presence of the five planets and have tantalising evidence of two more in the planetary system which is believed to be the largest ever detected beyond the sun.

“We have found what is most likely the system with the most planets yet discovered. This remarkable discovery also highlights the fact that we are now entering a new era in exoplanet research: the study of complex planetary systems and not just of individual planets.

“Studies of planetary motions in the new system reveal complex gravitational interactions between the planets and give us insights into the long-term evolution of the system,” Dr Christophe Lovis, who led the European Southern Observatory scientists, was quoted by ‘The Daily Telegraph’.

From 190 individual HARPS measurements, they were able to detect tiny wobbles in the star’s motion caused by the gravitational tugs of its planets.

Dr Lovis added: “We also have good reasons to believe that two other planets are present. One would be a Saturn-like planet (with a minimum mass of 65 Earth masses) orbiting in 2,200 days. The other would be the least massive exoplanet ever discovered, with a mass of about 1.4 times that of Earth.

“It is very close to its host star, at just 2 per cent of the Earth-sun distance. One ‘year’ on this planet would last only 1.18 Earth days.”

So far astronomers have found 15 systems containing at least three planets. The last record holder was 55 Cancri, which has a total of five planets including two gas giants.

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Best Rhode Island Family Practice Physicians

find a local Family Practice Physician in your area

Conditions Treated by Family Practice Physicians

Whooping Cough
Whooping cough is a bacterial infection of the respiratory tract. The bacteria invade the lining of the respiratory tract and airways, causing inflammation and increasing the secretion of mucus. It is very contagious, and in some cases can be serious.

Insect Allergy

Hives are small, itchy, red swellings on the skin. The swelling occurs singularly or in clusters. Hives tend to fade after a few hours, but new ones can appear. Most cases go away within a few days. But, some last a few weeks or longer.

A fracture is a break in any bone in the body. Fractures are usually caused by trauma. This may be falls, twists, blows or collisions. There are different kinds of fracture:

Food Allergy
A food allergy is an adverse or abnormal reaction to a food or a food additive.

Common Cold

Sore Throat Due to Inflammation

The sinuses are hollow areas in the skull that are arranged in pairs. Sinusitis occurs when the tissue lining the sinuses in the skull around the nose (the paranasal sinuses) becomes inflamed and infected. Acute sinusitis usually lasts about 1-4 weeks, while chronic sinusitis is diagnosed when symptoms last three or more months. The third form, recurrent acute sinusitis, occurs more than three times a year.

A contusion is said to have occurred when blood vessels are damaged or broken after an injury. The raised area of the contusion is the result of blood and fluid leaking from those injured blood vessels into the tissue. You usually see a discolored, purplish area that takes 2-3 weeks to go away.

Insect Bites and Stings
Insect bites and stings cause skin reactions. They can include itching, rashes, and sometimes swelling. Most bites and stings can be safely treated at home. Those that cause allergic reactions may require prompt medical attention. If you think that you are having a severe allergic reaction, seek medical help immediately.


50 million years of genomic stasis in endosymbiotic bacteria. Tamas I. Klasson L. Canbaeck B. Naeslund A.K. Eriksson A.-S. Wernegreen J.J. Sandstroem J.P. Moran N.A. Andersson S.G.E. doi:10.1126/science.1071278 2002 Comparison of two fully sequenced genomes of Buchnera aphidicola, the obligate endosymbionts of aphids, reveals the most extreme genome stability to date: no chromosome rearrangements or gene acquisitions have occurred in the past 50 to 70 million years, despite substantial sequence evolution and the inactivation and loss of individual genes. In contrast, the genomes of their closest free-living relatives, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp., are more than 2000-fold more labile in content and gene order. The genomic stasis of B. aphidicola, likely attributable to the loss of phages, repeated sequences, and recA, indicates that B. aphidicola is no longer a source of ecological innovation for its hosts. Science 296 2376-2379


Graphic Design Program

Strath Haven High School Graphic Design Program             Ms. Leslie Taylor - ltaylor@wssd.org

The overall goal of the Strath Haven High School's Graphic Design program is to develop the creative talents and skills of students using computer driven software programs. Graphic Designers shape our visual environment through the experimentation and use of image, form, and typography. Americans live in a society that is communicating more and more through visual images. They are bombarded on a daily basis by a constantly changing torrent of messages from billboards, magazines, architecture, newspapers, television, and films. New technology controlled by computers combine words, pictures, and sound to convey information at a breathtaking pace. Students in the Strath Haven Graphic Design program learn to decipher, create, and express themselves through visual images. Project-based learning includes advertising, editorial page design, posters, and package design. Students will learn color theory, advanced imaging techniques using digital cameras, scanners, and Adobe software (Photoshop and Illustrator)