Category Archives: LTB-??-Hydroxylase

Moreover, the family member power of SLC4A2-driven pathogenesis might vary over the PBC human population broadly, based on other risk or features elements specific to every individual

Moreover, the family member power of SLC4A2-driven pathogenesis might vary over the PBC human population broadly, based on other risk or features elements specific to every individual. equilibrium. No organizations with disease or liver organ transplantation were recognized, but two variations, rs2303929 and rs3793336, had been connected with negativity for antimitochondrial antibodies among the Rabbit Polyclonal to SIK PBC individuals. Conclusions The normal genetic variant of SLC4A2 will not influence the chance of PBC or it is clinical result directly. Whether the scarcity of SLC4A2 manifestation and activity noticed previous in PBC individuals is an obtained epiphenomenon of root disease or is due to heritable elements in unappreciated regulatory areas continues to be uncertain. Of take note, two SLC4A2 variations appear to impact AMA position among PBC individuals. The systems behind this locating are unclear. Intro Major biliary cirrhosis (PBC) can be an autoimmune liver organ disease where the intrahepatic bile ducts are steadily destroyed, leading to cholestasis and frequently eventual development to cirrhosis (1). The etiology of PBC remains is and enigmatic regarded as complex. That is, a combined mix of inherited hereditary dangers and environmental exposures is probable necessary for disease advancement. Proof for the hereditary component is solid, backed by high disease concordance in monozygotic twins (2), and improved familial disease prevalence (3,4). Nevertheless, few robust hereditary associations have already been reported to day (5). Environmental risk can be supported in idea by adjustable geographic prevalence (6) and disease clustering (7,8), but simply no particular environmental applicants have already been proposed or identified from these findings. Specific environmental dangers such as cigarette smoking (3,9), background of urinary system disease (3), hormone alternative therapy (3), regular nail-polish make use of (3), and particular microorganisms (10C 12) have already been implicated with PBC. Due to its complicated nature, advancement in the knowledge of PBC pathogenesis continues to be slow painstakingly. However, fresh mouse choices DPP-IV-IN-2 possess shed some light for the procedures fundamental human being disease potentially. Latest among these may be the solute carrier DPP-IV-IN-2 4, anion exchanger 2 (SLC4A2; often called AE2) lacking mouse (13). With age group, lots can be produced by these mice of PBC-like features, including improved alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase amounts, portal swelling with harm to the bile ducts, advancement of antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs) that are reactive towards the pyruvate dehydrogenase complicated E2 subunit (PDC-E2), and Compact disc4 + Compact disc25 + FoxP3 + regulatory T-cell insufficiency (13). SLC4A2 can be expressed in several cell types and it is mixed up in rules of intracellular pH through exchange of intracellular bicarbonate for extracellular Cl? (14). In cholangiocytes, the cells targeted for damage DPP-IV-IN-2 in PBC, this transporter also takes on an important part in maintenance and changes from the bile acidity pool through secretin-stimulated bicarbonate secretion (15). About 15 years back it had been postulated that modified function of SLC4A2 may are likely involved in PBC, and consequently its manifestation was been shown to be reduced in PBC individuals at both mRNA (16) and proteins (14) amounts. Follow-up study in addition has shown reduced basal-state and cAMP-stimulated SLC4A2 activity in cholangiocytes of PBC individuals (17). These human being studies, combined with the lately reported mouse model (13), offer evidence to get a pathogenic part of SLC4A2 insufficiency in PBC. Nevertheless, the true character of the observations aswell as the systems providing rise to them continues to be unclear. For example, decreased SLC4A2 activity and manifestation may be the major etiological the different parts of PBC, or supplementary, albeit DPP-IV-IN-2 pathogenic, results arising due to additional physiological features root the diseased condition. Moreover, the comparative power of SLC4A2-powered pathogenesis might vary broadly over the PBC human population, depending on additional features or risk elements specific to every individual. Hereditary variation can be one possible system effecting the pathogenic contribution of SLC4A2 to PBC, and gets the potential to use in a multitude of capacities to facilitate an SLC4A2 pathogenic influence on disease. We hypothesized that hereditary variations of SLC4A2.

We determined the antigenicity of schistosomula antigens by European blot also

We determined the antigenicity of schistosomula antigens by European blot also. kDa immunoreactive music group identified by Traditional western blot analysis. The certain area beneath the ROC curve was 0.95 (AUC 0.95, CI 0.88C1.01, contaminated all those (OD?=?0.678??0.249) set alongside the noninfected inhabitants (OD?=?0.235??0.136) (spp. The parasite utilizes particular freshwater snail for the introduction of its infective type. A global estimation in 2018 demonstrated that about 230 million people needed schistosomiasis precautionary treatment1. may be the varieties causing human being schistosomiasis in Brazil. Schistosomiasis can be endemic in 19 from the 27 areas in Brazil with over 70% of instances through the Northeast area2. Around 1.5 million individuals were contaminated with and 42.9 million individuals were at risky of infection3. The high prevalence of schistosomiasis and connected serious morbidities are mainly due to continual exposure to the foundation of disease which is normally contaminated water physiques specifically in areas with insufficient water source4. Traditionally, disease depends upon microscopic recognition of parasite eggs in human being urine or feces. In the level of sensitivity of microscopy can be low with reduced amount of eggs5,6. To conquer the diagnostic scarcity of microscopy connected with low strength of disease, a commercially obtainable indirect haemagglutination check (IHA) using erythrocytes covered with adult worm antigens and in-house ELISAs to identify antibody against egg antigens (Ocean) in individuals blood was broadly used7. The use of this device WS3 is, however, WS3 limited by non-endemic parts of made countries. Additional serological diagnostic strategies have already been explored for the analysis of schistosomiasis in the developing world extensively. These have already been advocated in Cish3 areas or populations with low transmissions of disease8C11 widely. Studies possess explored the anti-antibodies stated in response towards the antigens produced from the different phases from the parasite. The notable stages found in serological assays tend to be; the eggs, cercariae, schistosomula, adult worms, and proteins connected with these phases6,11C13. Presently, the obtainable antibody recognition immunoassays utilize antigens produced from the adult and eggs worms14,15. The use of schistosomula antigens as an immunodiagnostic way for early recognition of disease continues to be previously explored among travelers and severe individuals10,12, nevertheless, little is well known about its suitability for evaluation of persistent disease. Our study targeted to explore the immunodiagnostic potential of schistosomula crude antigen (SCA) among chronic individuals with low strength of disease in endemic areas in Brazil. To do this, the diagnostic potential from the antigen was ascertained by recognition of anti-IgG by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in individuals sera. We determined the antigenicity of schistosomula antigens by European blot also. Besides, we validated the immunoreactivity through dot blots immunoassay using SCA and proteins eluted through the immunoreactive protein music group from sodium dodecyl sulfateCpolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) determined by Traditional western blot. Outcomes The immunoreactive proteins bands were identified by the pooled contaminated sera from particular prominent immunoreaction in European blot (Fig. ?(Fig.1;1; discover also the supplementary document). The proteins material of SCA and excised immunoreactive proteins bands had been 4.051 and 9.781 g/l respectively. The cut-off worth established for ELISA assay using 30 positive and 30 adverse sera examples was 0.288. The region beneath the ROC curve was 0.95 (AUC 0.95, CI 0.88C1.01, negative and positive sera. Open up in another window Shape 2 Receiver working quality curve of ELISA immunoassay of SCA. The specificity and sensitivity of SCA in diagnosing infected individuals using ELISA assay were 96.67% (CI 82.78C99.92%) and 86.67% (69.28C96.28%) respectively (Desk ?(Desk1).1). The entire diagnostic precision of SCA 91.67% (81.61C97.24%) was greater than that of Ocean 88.33% (77.43C95.18%) but slightly less than that of SWAP 93.33% (83.80C98.15%). The individual IgG-specific response against SCA was considerably higher in contaminated people (OD?=?0.678??0.249) set alongside the noninfected people (OD?=?0.235??0.136) (diagnostic WS3 potential of SCA with ELISA diagnostic personal references. an infection status. From the 30 positive examples diagnosed, the amount of examples that arrived as accurate positive was 29 while 4 had been observed fake positive. In the 30 noninfected sera examples, 26 from the examples arrived as accurate detrimental while 1 was noticed as a fake negative. The amount of accurate and detrimental leads to SCA-ELISA in accordance with SWAP and Ocean was provided in Desk ?Desk2.2. SCA-ELISA demonstrated Kappa index 0.83 when.

The usage of UMI sequences to discriminate real variants from protocol artifacts put on clinical samples in patients with AML and myeloid dysplastic syndromes was initially reported by Teen and coworkers [76]

The usage of UMI sequences to discriminate real variants from protocol artifacts put on clinical samples in patients with AML and myeloid dysplastic syndromes was initially reported by Teen and coworkers [76]. using the obtainable technology. (VDJ), (DJ), [20]. In the entire case of lymphocytic disorders, several markers have already been tested because of their tool to monitor the condition. Rearrangement from the immunoglobulin large string (and [29,30]. SNV evaluation in a number of genes in both myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms, many and including indels in the and genes in AML [24,25]. A listing of the NGS options for MRD perseverance is supplied in Desk A1. An average workflow for calculating MRD by NGS is normally depicted in Amount 1. RNA or DNA is normally extracted from peripheral bloodstream (PB) or bone tissue marrow (BM). The nucleic acidity is then utilized as the insight to construct the matching libraries necessary for high-throughput sequencing. After fixing mistakes and upon suitable alignment, MRD could be quantified. Open up in another window Amount 1 High-throughput sequencing workflow for minimal residual disease monitoring. The purpose of this review is normally to provide a worldwide summary of existing analysis on MRD quantification by NGS in various hematological pathologies, its scientific potential, and current issues. 2. MRD PF 750 Monitoring in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Over fifty percent of all sufferers with AML who obtain negative MRD position will eventually relapse due to the failed recognition of the reduced degrees of leukemic clones staying during an PF 750 obvious remission. Internal tandem duplications in FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 (mutations are generally used to check new NGS systems. Thol et al. [35] had been the first ever to investigate the potential of using DNA mutations bought at medical diagnosis for MRD monitoring in AML by NGS. They sequenced gene locations in 35 and 40 examples, respectively, from 10 sufferers using qPCR and NGS. The same mutations had been discovered by both strategies in 95% from the samples. In addition they noted the need for the quantity of DNA to improve the awareness of the technique, as well as the theoretical awareness that might be attained depended over PF 750 the sequencing reads. In an identical strategy, Spencer et al. [36] utilized a multigene targeted NGS method of sequence They likened NGS with capillary electrophoresis and discovered that NGS discovered 100% from the capillary electrophoresis-positive situations (= 20) and two even more situations that were not really discovered by this technique. The authors also examined different bioinformatic pipelines and discovered that just Pindel [37] discovered all ITD situations with around variant allele regularity (VAF) of 1%. Using NGS to measure the AML drivers mutation genes had been regarded as MRD-positive. This scholarly research had not been made to evaluate MRD by deep-sequencing, and they didn’t establish the awareness from the sequencing by diluting a mutated test. Other genes such as for example and also have been examined to show that mutation clearance is normally associated with considerably better event-free success, Operating-system, RFS, Rabbit Polyclonal to GDF7 or much less threat of relapse [39,40]. An error-corrected NGS MRD strategy was reported by Thol and collaborators with 116 AML sufferers going through allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (allo-HCT) in CR. MRD positivity (VAF 5%) stratified the sufferers right into a higher cumulative occurrence of relapse and lower Operating-system. Furthermore, MRD positivity was an unbiased detrimental predictor of position at medical diagnosis also to TP53-KRAS mutation position and conditioning program [14]. In a recently available research by collaborators and Onecha, MRD was assessed with and SNVs of and in 106 examples from 63 sufferers [24]. The OCI-AML3 cell series was utilized to look for the limit of recognition by dPCR and NGS, which was discovered to become 0.001% by NGS for the = 35) were connected with significantly shorter OS but nonsignificant disease-free survival (DSF). Regarding MRD-positive sufferers after loan consolidation (0.025%, PF 750 = 28), both curves showed significance between your two compared groups. Appropriately, MRD perseverance by this NGS technique improved the prediction of the results of AML sufferers over dPCR. Concurrent using the publication from the Onecha.

[Google Scholar]Omura S, Fujimoto T, Otoguro K, Matsuzaki K, Moriguchi R, Tanaka H, Sasaki Y

[Google Scholar]Omura S, Fujimoto T, Otoguro K, Matsuzaki K, Moriguchi R, Tanaka H, Sasaki Y. the proteasome (Rock and roll et al., 1994), the result of trans-epoxy succinyl-l-leucylamido-(4-guanidino) butane (E-64) ester, a cell permeable inhibitor of Cys proteases, was investigated also. As reported in OP-3633 Shape ?Shape7A,7A, 40 m E-64 didn’t affect pollen pipe growth (zero significant difference between your slopes in 0.5). At the bigger focus (80 m), the elongation OP-3633 price was decreased to 85% of this of settings. The difference between your slopes from the linear regressions was significant ( 0.05); nevertheless, the creation of irregular pollen pipes and a reduction in percent pipe emergence didn’t happen after treatment with E-64 OP-3633 (data not really shown). Open up in another window Shape 7 Aftereffect of non-proteasomal protease inhibitors on kiwifruit pollen pipe growth as time passes. Growth is indicated as 0.0001; Fig. ?Fig.4B).4B). At this right time, the growth price was decreased to about 16% of this of settings. Epoxomicin triggered an appreciable inhibition at both concentrations examined, causing a reduced amount of pollen pipe growth OP-3633 price of 25% (1 m) and 36% (5 m) weighed against the control ( 0.01; Fig. ?Fig.44C). Non-proteasomal protease inhibitors phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride (PMSF), pepstatin, and leupeptin, which inhibit Ser-proteases, aspartic-proteases, and Ser/Cys-proteases, respectively, didn’t affect pipe emergence and development rate in the concentrations examined (Fig. ?(Fig.7,7, BCD). Actually, no significant variations between your slopes of control and treated pipe linear regressions had been discovered ( 0.1). Proteasome Inhibitors Raise the Degree of High-Molecular Mass Ubiquitin Conjugates Because inhibition of proteasome function should bring about the build up of ubiquitinated protein, the result of MG-132 for the known degrees of ubiquitin-protein conjugates was analyzed by immunoblot. The addition of the inhibitor (40 m) towards the tradition moderate led to the build up of multiple, high-molecular mass rings identified by an anti-ubiquitin antibody (Fig. ?(Fig.8A).8A). The conjugates currently had been detectable after 30 min of incubation and their level improved as time passes. In parallel, a far more pronounced reduction in the degrees of free of charge ubiquitin monomer weighed against the control was noticed (Fig. ?(Fig.8B).8B). Identical results had been acquired when -lactone was put into the tradition, although the consequences made by this inhibitor Rabbit Polyclonal to GLUT3 had been evident only later on, beginning with 60 min of incubation (Fig. ?(Fig.8A).8A). Open up in another window Shape 8 Aftereffect of proteasome inhibitors on build up of high-molecular mass ubiquitin-conjugated protein in germinating kiwifruit pollen. A and C, Immunoblotting of total proteins (20 g per street) extracted from pollen incubated with 40 m MG-132, 80 m E-64, or 10 m -lactone for differing times and from pollen incubated in the moderate without the particular inhibitor. Total proteins was electrophoresed on 10% (w/v) polyacrylamide gels and was immunoblotted using polyclonal anti-ubiquitin antibody (A) or an anti-actin antibody (C). B, Immunoblot recognition of free of charge ubiquitin (each street was packed with 5 g of proteins). Molecular mass of regular protein are indicated for the remaining (in kilodaltons). Build up of high-molecular mass ubiquitin conjugates and a reduction in free of charge ubiquitin level weren’t detectable in pollen germinated for 180 min in the current presence of 80 m E-64 (Fig. ?(Fig.8,8, A and B). Quantitative evaluation of ubiquitin conjugates performed having a solid-phase dot-blot immunoassay demonstrated a 44% upsurge in ubiquitin conjugate amounts after 180 min of incubation in MG-132-treated pollen, weighed against the amount within the control (Desk ?(TableI).We). A 29% boost was induced by -lactone treatment after 270 min of incubation. No variations from controls had been noticed at 180 min in the E-64-treated pipes. Table I Content material of ubiquitin-protein conjugates.

The potential benefits of MAIT cell-based tumor immunotherapy need to be discussed

The potential benefits of MAIT cell-based tumor immunotherapy need to be discussed. Previous studies have shown IFN- is crucial for T cell immunity and can regulate the p53 signaling to induce tumor cell cycle arrest and apoptosis [27C29]. absolute number of MAIT cells from GC Psoralen patients peripheral blood with or Psoralen without chemotherapy were both significantly lower than those. For the phenotype, the proportion of CD4?MAIT cell subset in GC patients without chemotherapy was lower than in HC, but higher than in GC patients with chemotherapy. Whereas, the proportion of CD4?CD8+MAIT cell subset in Psoralen GC patients without chemotherapy was significantly lower than that in HC. Finally, the level of Granzyme-B (GrB), a molecule associated with MAIT cells was markedly lower in GC patients. But the correlation between the serum levels of GC-associated tumor antigens and the percentages of MAIT cells in GC patients was not observed. In conclusion, our study shows the decreased frequency, changed phenotypes and partial potentially impaired function of MAIT cells in GC patients, suggesting a possible MAIT cell-based immunological surveillance of GC. tests. Other data were analyzed by the two-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Bonferroni tests using the Prism Version 5 (GraphPad) and SPSS Statistics 20. The potential correlation between variables was analyzed by the Spearman rank correlation test. Data is expressed as x??s. The values??45?years to have GC was twice as likely as younger [17]. And the incidence of GC in male was approximately twice as high as female [18]. So, we firstly matched the age (mostly?>?45?years old) and gender (male:female?=?2:1) on the basis of the epidemiological trends in GC, as Table?1. Table 1 Clinical characteristics of GC patients

Characteristics Psoralen align=”left” rowspan=”1″ colspan=”1″>GC without chemotherapy (n?=?38 ) GC with chemotherapy (n?=?49 ) P value

Age (years)??4533?>?453546?

61.42??1.8560.98??1.470.85Gender?Male2634?Female1215?M:F26:1234:150.923 Open in a separate window From results, we found that the percentage of MAIT cells in peripheral blood from GC patients were significantly lower (mean 1.17%) than that in HC (2.24%, p?=?0.011). The absolute number of MAIT cells (104/ml) was also the same trend (2.02 in HC and 0.82 in GC without chemotherapy, PLAUR p?


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PC-MLP: Model-based Reinforcement Learning with Policy Cover Guided Exploration

Yuda Song · Wen Sun

Keywords: [ Reinforcement Learning and Planning ]

Model-based Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a popular learning paradigm due to its potential sample efficiency compared to model-free RL. However, existing empirical model-based RL approaches lack the ability to explore. This work studies a computationally and statistically efficient model-based algorithm for both Kernelized Nonlinear Regulators (KNR) and linear Markov Decision Processes (MDPs). For both models, our algorithm guarantees polynomial sample complexity and only uses access to a planning oracle. Experimentally, we first demonstrate the flexibility and the efficacy of our algorithm on a set of exploration challenging control tasks where existing empirical model-based RL approaches completely fail. We then show that our approach retains excellent performance even in common dense reward control benchmarks that do not require heavy exploration.

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Towards Cost-Effective Thermal Management Method for Processing in 3D Memory

Han, Jun-han, Electrical Engineering - School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia
Stan, Mircea, EN-Elec & Comp Engr Dept, University of Virginia

As Moore's law states, the number of transistors in an integrated circuit doubles every two years. The increase in transistor density and operating frequency produces heat problems in semiconductor devices, limiting further advancements. To resolve thermal issues, the performance criteria in modern computing have transitioned from higher frequency and denser transistors to more advanced integration processes, algorithms, and architecture. However, due to data‐intensive computing, the performance has been degraded from the bandwidth limitation between processor and memory. Processing‐in‐memory and 3D chiplet are preeminent solutions for the degraded performance due to the "memory wall." Processing‐in‐memory prevents performance degradation by migrating a portion of the computation load to the memory, while 3D chiplet integration does this by shortening data movement and increasing bandwidth. The high bandwidth memory is a 3D integrated circuit with memory dies stacked on top of a logic die. The 3D-stacked memory is the core technology in processing-in-memory architecture and is a region where thermal issues usually occur in the 3D chiplets. The computation in the 3D-stacked memory induces a higher power density in the 3D stacks. The higher power density increases the volumetric heat flux, while the heat sink removes the heat only from the top surface. This volumetric thermal hazard also occurs in other 3D chiplets in the same manner. To manage thermal issues in 3D semiconductor devices, a thermal management solution with a cost-efficient volumetric cooling system is essential.
In this dissertation, we propose a new thermal management method with microfluidic cooling to enable processing in-3D-memory. This dissertation presents the thermal management solution in two aspects: device design and thermal simulation. In the device research aspect, we develop a cost‐effective microchamber cooling structure for 3D‐stacked memory devices. While the conventional microchannel method has a high fabrication cost due to the additional fluidic structures, the proposed method reduces the fabrication cost by exploiting the gap between the upper and lower stacks and the 3D printing package. We demonstrate the validity of the microfluidic chamber cooling method with an experimental setup. The prototype shows the feasibility of the proposed method. In the second part of this study, we simulate the thermal behavior of the 3D chiplet with the microfluidic cooling system. First, we model the thermal characteristics of the 3D stacked memory from a 4‐layer stack to a high‐rise stack. For further investigation, we use HotSpot for fast and accurate thermal simulation. We run thermal simulations using HotSpot in different cooling configurations for a processing-in-3D-memory system, where memory layers sit on top of a logic layer. The HotSpot simulation results are validated with a Multi‐Physics simulation, COMSOL. When a detailed fluidic behavior is observed, the cooling capacity of the microfluidic cooling system is degraded by the thermal boundary. We minimized the impact of the thermal boundary layer by creating a more detailed thermal model of the fluidic chamber with micropillars inserted.
We investigate the thermal characteristics of modern chiplet systems. The temperature of the 3D stacked high-performance processors has significantly increased from that of the 2.5D integration. We lower the temperature below the operating temperature limit by implementing novel thermal management methods such as alternating flow directions and applying multi-layer cooling. We also investigate a heterogeneous processor-memory chiplet system in 2.5D and 3D integration. While the heatsink cooling system cannot maintain the temperature of the 3D chiplet below the operating temperature limit, the microfluidic cooling system reduces the temperature with a cost-affordable hybrid cooling method. We conclude that our proposed thermal management method provides a cost-effective and 3D chiplet-compatible solution that guides chip designers and architects in understanding the thermal behavior of modern computing devices.

PHD (Doctor of Philosophy)
Processing-in-memory, Thermal management, Thermal Modeling, Thermal Simulation, HotSpot, Microfluidic, Cooling
Sponsoring Agency:
Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC) Joint University Microelectronics Program (JUMP) Task 2780.003: Thermal and Power Management.
All rights reserved (no additional license for public reuse)
Issued Date:


Being able to speak a little of the local lingo is always an advantage when traveling abroad. But a new study has found that broadening your linguistic horizons can actually help you think more clearly.  Researchers at Edinburgh University compared 200 students of modern languages and humanities to assess the impact of their studies on their mental agility.

In particular, scientists focused on the student’s aptitude for concentrating on certain sounds, switching between counting up and down, as well as the ability to produce different words.

The test results of first-year students, who had only recently started learning a new language such as French, German or Spanish, were compared with those of fourth-year students who were already proficient.

Researchers discovered that students who had already been learning a second language for a few years were better at switching and being able to filter all the relevant information. The study demonstrates that learning languages is not only good for a person’s career and social life, but also has beneficial effects on cognitive functions that go well beyond the language itself.

While there were not too many differences between the two groups at the beginning, the fourth students showed a significant improvement. The language students not only improved their language skills, but they also improved in “attentional” tests.

This shows the benefits of any kind of academic study because the students of humanities improved as well. The latest findings build on two previous studies carried out by the University of Edinburgh. The first found that speaking a second language can improve thinking skills later

in life, while the second revealed speaking more than one language can actually delay the onset of dementia.

Learn two Languages Simultaneously

Learning two languages at once is a real challenge, but in many parts of the world, people live in multi-linguistic contexts. The brain is perfectly capable of switching between different languages. In fact, our brains can even benefit from certain special features when learning multiple languages at the same time.

Some useful tips for those who want to learn two languages simultaneously:

Choose two languages that do not come from the same linguistic family.

Languages that are closely related can be confusing to learn simultaneously, as vocabulary and grammatical structures are very similar. If you choose two very different languages, such as English and

Arabic, it will be much easier to keep them separate in your brain.

Begin studying the first language several weeks or months before you start studying the second language.

Once you have the basic first language skills, you will feel more comfortable learning the second language. Students learn languages more quickly after they have begun studying a foreign language.

Keep a written record of the vocabulary learned from each language and review it regularly.

You can make 3 x 5 cm cards and save them with vocabulary for each language. You can also have a notebook for each language and write new vocabulary words in each notebook as you learn. Regular reviews keep words fresh in your memory and avoid confusion.

Try to have dialogues with native speakers of each language with the aim of listening to the correct pronunciation of the languages.

If you think one language influences the other, listen carefully to native speakers and ask for feedback on the quality of your pronunciation.

Learn about the countries where each language is spoken.

As you learn about culture, history, and people involved in languages, the expressions start to make more sense and you will speak the language more naturally. You will also be able to remember the two separate languages better when associating each language with a distinct culture and people.

Click here to get more info about our Portuguese lessons!

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Baishakhi Halder is an SEO executive having experience in SEO for more than one year. She is very passionate about growing her career in the Digital marketing industry. She is also passionate about updated technology.

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Posted in NaNoWriMo, Writing

What’s the Worst That Could Happen?

what's the worst

You have no idea what happens next.

The answer?

I ask questions.

What’s the worst that could happen?

Okay, cool.

Make that happen.

Keep yourself on your toes.

What’ll happen if you try this out?

  1. It’ll get your plot going again, hopefully.

Allow me to set the stage.

So, let’s ask another question.

What’s the WORST that could happen?

Besides… what’s the worst that could happen?

Posted in NaNoWriMo, Writing

Befriending My Self-Doubt

Stick with me here!

I’m slowly learning to befriend my self-doubt.

Join me, fellow writer, fellow creative person.

Don’t give up on yourself.

You are truly amazing and talented and your dreams do matter.

Turn down the volume on your doubt and march forward.

Your ideas are worth it.

You are worth it.

Posted in NaNoWriMo, Writing

Looking at the World Through Writer Glasses

The other day I went to go see a movie with friend A, we’ll call her Rose, and friend B, who we’ll call Jeremiah (the names have been changed to protect the innocent).

After around two hours in the dark, cold theater, we waltzed out into the sun and began chattering about what we’d just experienced.

“The main character was so hot,” gushed Rose.

“And the graphics were badass,” said Jeremiah.

Then both of them turned to me.

Now, I don’t see movies with Rose and Jeremiah very often, so they were unaware of the fact that most of my close non-writer friends have stopped asking me what I think about movies or TV shows, for fear I’ll go all “crazed writer” on them.

Rose and Jeremiah’s expressions quickly transitioned from curious to stunned deer-in-the-headlights as I dove into my explanation about how I thought the plot could have been different, how I felt the characters needed more development in their relationship before X, Y, and Z happened, how character N had inconsistencies, or how the dialogue in scene 39 was rushed.

It’s not that I try to over-analyze plots and characters, it’s that once you look at things from a writer’s perspective, it’s kind of hard to just… turn it off.

It’s not like a light switch, people! It’s like a raging, consuming fire!

Even if I’m watching or reading something and fully enjoying it, I’ll generally still pull apart the plot in my head and/or try and figure out where the writer (or writers) slipped in certain elements of the story; foreshadowing, character development, etc. I learn a lot from studying the flow of other stories, both what to do and what not to do when it comes to my own writing.

The whole “can’t turn it off” thing can work in our favor, fellow writers (just don’t go around scaring friends – I speak from experience).

You know how they say, “you’re seeing something through rose-colored glasses”?

It’s a similar ailment, except we’re looking at things through writer glasses… forever.

We’re not trying to annoy you, beautiful non-writer souls, we’re just diseased.

Diseased with the curse, blessing, and absolute need to write.

Sorry we pick apart your movies, books, and TV shows.

Love you.

I’ve written 45k for my NaNoWriMo project over the last 7 days, so I apologize if I missed something during edits. My brain is high on words and low on editing power.

I’m going to go find more caffeine.

Posted in NaNoWriMo, Writing

The goal?

Write 50,000 words in a month.

The prize?

A 50,000 word manuscript that you wrote.

Are you still with me?

Let me tell you a story.

We both lost our minds and decided to do it.

Condensed version:

Posted in NaNoWriMo, Writing

Being a creative person leads you to doubt yourself in one way or another. Sometimes I’m really great at ignoring it or letting it drive me, and sometimes I’m not.

Today I was developing characters and outlining for a novel that I’m planning for July NaNoWriMo, when all of the sudden I had this terrified feeling that there were no good names left for me to use.

In my brief moment of panic, I started recalling all the names of my main characters over the last few years; all the names I’d already used: Skylar, Capella, Valine, Rhiannon, Jesse, Shaylin, Avren… and then started going over minor characters. Thankfully, I stopped about three characters in (because my minor characters could basically make up a small army), and attempted to remind myself that there are probably millions of names that I could choose from. I will legitimately never run out of names to use.

But then I started thinking… what if the right name is already in use by another author? What if my ginormous, half-giant character just screams the name Frodo? I, of course, would never name a character Frodo (not to mention a half-giant), because the name is way too iconic and well known; just like I’d never name a character Katniss, Hermione, or Daenerys.

However, I think a lot of names in modern fiction are still on the table. I could have a character named John, and the guy across the coffee shop that is glaring at an open Word document on his laptop (who I suspect to be a writer) could also have a character named John. Our Johns wouldn’t be the same. Our Johns would be two entirely different people.

Sometimes I have to remember that names aren’t exclusive. I can use the name Harry, but he’s not going to live in a cupboard under the stairs. I can use the name Edward, but he’s not a shimmering vampire. I can use the name Lucy, but mine hasn’t found any magical worlds through wardrobes as of late.

Names are beautiful and precious things, and when you find one that sticks for your character, sometimes there’s nothing you can do about it. That’s the name that fits, and that’s that, and I don’t think that any of us should feel guilty about it.

Don’t worry, guys. We haven’t run out of names… yet.

In my defense, I partially blame the above mini-anxiety attack on the fact that I hadn’t had my coffee yet.

Lesson learned for today: Being a writer is hard; drink coffee first.


95% of severe patients in Israeli hospitals are vaccinated, warns doctor

Image: 95% of severe patients in Israeli hospitals are vaccinated, warns doctor

(Natural News) Israel has become one of the most tyrannical nations, forcing vaccination on its citizens. As of July 4th, more than 78 percent of Israelis eligible for COVID-19 vaccination were inoculated. Despite having one of the highest vaccination rates in the world, Israel has seen a gradual uptick in severe coronavirus cases throughout July and the first week of August. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control even added Israel to its highest risk level, advising U.S. citizens to avoid travel to one of the most vaccinated regions in the world.

Now, an Israeli doctor is breaking ranks with his colleagues and coming clean about the current medical situation in the country. Dr. Kobi Haviv spoke to News Israel 13 with specific details about the rise in hospitalizations across Israel. “I understand that most of the patients are vaccinated, even ‘severe’ patients,” said Dr. Kobi Haviv.

He reports that 95 percent of the severe patients have had at least one dose of the vaccine. He says “85-90% of the hospitalizations are in fully vaccinated people.” He warns that “the effectiveness of the is waning/fading out” and forcing hospitals to open up more COVID wards to deal with severe illness.

Pfizer failing in Israel, weakening the population, mutating coronaviruses

The Israeli Health Ministry now admits that the efficacy of the Pfizer has fallen to a meaningless 39 percent, as more vaccinated people fall ill. The is weakening the population, putting selective pressure on specific coronavirus spike proteins, causing more infectious mutations to spread.

Instead of scrapping the program, Israel has decided to expand it, coercing citizens to get a third dose. It won’t be long before a fourth and fifth dose are also “required” in order to prove one’s immunity, with seasonal or even monthly booster shots pushed onto the population as a prerequisite to their freedom.

Before the rollout, Pfizer worked out a deal with the Israeli government. Pfizer agreed to provide accelerated access their vaccine supply in exchange for legal immunity and demographic data on vaccinated people. These mass vaccination deals are turning out to be fatal mass experiments, as vaccines only confer protection for a couple months, putting the population at increased risk to infection long term. This serious scientific matter is exacerbated by the side effects of the vaccine, which range from blindness to blood clots to seizures or death.

The same phenomenon is occurring in Singapore, where 75 percent of new cases and 35 percent of new hospitalizations are occurring in people who are fully vaccinated. In Gibraltar, covid cases have increased by 2,500 percent per day, despite the nation having a 99 percent vaccination rate. In Sydney, Australia, government health officials announced in late July that nearly all new COVID hospitalizations involved vaccinated people – except one. In the US, vaccinated people were getting at such a high rate, the CDC had to dial back the amplification cycles used in the fraudulent covid tests to artificially lower the number of reported covid cases in the vaccinated.

Israel is a genocidal apartheid

Israel managed to vaccinate most of its population by suspending civil liberties and forcing citizens to furnish a digital passport called Green Pass. This passport is used to segregate the unvaccinated, banning them from cultural and sporting events, gyms, restaurants and dining halls, conferences, tourist attractions and houses of worship. Israel’s Green Pass is akin to modern day “slave papers.” Israel no longer abides by any set of medical standards or ethics. Informed consent has been replaced with medical rape. Israelis’ no longer have body autonomy or medical privacy. Their bodies and their minds now belong to the vaccine industry and the government.

With the rise in severe covid cases and hospitalization, Prime Minister Naftali Bennett’s office began enforcing the Green Pass program more strictly on July 29th. Apparently, the Israel government wants to make sure that more people are weakened, hospitalized and killed as spike protein bioweapons are forcibly replicated in people’s bodies. As such, Israel has been reduced to a genocidal Apartheid, hellbent on persecution and depopulation.

Sources include:


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Fir 2 sleeps four very comfortably. One bedroom has a double bed and a single bed and the other bedroom has two single beds.  There is one bathroom.

The full kitchen, living/dining room is heated with a wood stove and is a perfect place to socialize or hide away with a book!

There is one berth at the dock allocated to this cabin.

The rate is $250/night.

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Pyelonephritis Nursing Diagnosis and Nursing Care Plans

Nursing Books

Pyelonephritis Nursing Care Plans Diagnosis and Interventions

Pyelonephritis NCLEX Review and Nursing Care Plans

Pyelonephritis, more commonly known as kidney infection, is a form of urinary tract infection (UTI) that starts in the urethra or bladder and spreads to one or both kidneys.

Pyelonephritis necessitates immediate medical intervention as it can permanently damage the kidneys if not treated appropriately, or the bacteria can spread to the bloodstream and can cause a more life-threatening infection.

The urinary tract is the body’s drainage system in normal conditions. It includes two kidneys, two ureters, a bladder, and a urethra. Healthy kidneys purify the blood 24 hours a day, seven days a week, these two bean-shaped organs are located at the middle of the back, just below the ribs.

One kidney sits on each side of the spine. The kidneys are the primary filter in the body. Every day, the kidneys clean around 150 gallons of blood. It produces roughly 1-2 quarts of urine per day by drawing water and waste from the blood, Urine usually flows from the kidneys to the bladder and then out the urethra.

The kidneys may not function well when they are damaged. Mild or acute kidney injury can be easily reversible. However, major damage to the kidneys may require medical treatment such as dialysis. The treatment for pyelonephritis may require hospitalization and usually includes the use of antibiotics.

Symptoms of Pyelonephritis

Signs and symptoms of pyelonephritis may include:

  • Fever
  • Chills
  • Back, side (flank) or groin pain
  • Abdominal pain
  • Frequent urination
  • Strong, persistent urge to urinate
  • Burning sensation or pain when urinating
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Pus or blood in the urine or hematuria
  • Urine that smells bad or is cloudy

Severe pyelonephritis can lead to life-threatening complications. It is strongly recommended to seek immediate medical attention if the symptoms include a combination of severe nausea, vomiting, and bloody urine.

Causes of Pyelonephritis

  • Bacteria. Pyelonephritis is most commonly caused by bacteria, It can multiply and migrate to the kidneys if they enter the urinary tract through the urethra.
  • Infected prosthetic joint or heart valve. Bacteria from an infection elsewhere in the body can potentially move to the kidneys through the bloodstream.
  • Complication of kidney surgery. Pyelonephritis may be a rare complication of kidney surgery.

Risk Factors of Pyelonephritis

  • Pyelonephritis can be related to a number of factors, including:
  • Gender. Women’s urethras are shorter than men’s, making it simpler for bacteria to enter the bladder from outside the body. Because the urethra is so close to the vagina and anus, bacteria have an increased likelihood to reach the bladder. An infection in the bladder can extend to the kidneys. A kidney infection is considerably more likely in pregnant women.
  • Obstruction in the urinary tract. An obstruction includes anything that slows the flow of urine or makes it difficult to empty the bladder while urinating, such as a kidney stone, a structural abnormality in the urinary tract, or an enlarged prostate gland in males.
  • Weakened immune system. It is a condition in which the body’s defenses are compromised. Medical disorders that affect the immune system, such as diabetes and HIV, fall into this category. Certain medications, such as those used to prevent transplanted organ rejection, have a similar effect.
  • Nerve damage around the bladder. Nerve or spinal cord damage can block the sensations of a bladder infection so that it is unremarkable that it’s advancing to a kidney infection.
  • Prolonged use of a urinary catheter. Urinary catheters are tubes that are used to empty the bladder of urine. During and after various surgical procedures and diagnostic testing, a catheter may be placed. If the patient is confined to a bed, it may be used all the time.
  • Vesicoureteral reflux. A condition that causes urine to flow in the wrong direction, small amounts of urine from the bladder flow back up into the ureters and kidneys in vesicoureteral reflux, people with this syndrome are more likely to get pyelonephritis during childhood and adulthood.

Diagnosis of Pyelonephritis

To confirm pyelonephritis, some tests may be done, such as:

  • Medical History – An assessment will be done to determine the onset and severity of symptoms and general health history.
  • Urine Tests – Urinalysis or urine culture is done to check the presence of bacteria, blood or pus in the urine.
  • Blood Tests – A blood sample is taken for a culture, a laboratory test to check bacteria or other organisms present in the blood.
  • Voiding Cystourethrogram – This procedure is done by injecting a contrast dye to take X-rays of the bladder when full and while urinating.
  • Kidney Ultrasound- May be performed to create images of kidneys and ureters to show if there are wounds or stones that block the urinary tract.

Treatment for Pyelonephritis

  1. Medication. In the case of Pyelonephritis, antibiotics are the first line of defense. The classification of antibiotics and the duration of the medication is based on the health and bacteria found in the urine test. The signs and symptoms should usually cure up after a few days of treatment. However, antibiotics may be required for a week or more. Then, a repeat urine culture may be recommended to check that the infection has resolved.
  2. Hospitalization. For severe Pyelonephritis, hospitalization may be advised. Antibiotics and fluids may be administered through a vein in the arm as part of the treatment (intravenously). The length of hospital stay is determined by the severity of the condition.
  3. Treatment of recurrent kidney infection. Kidney infection can be caused by an underlying medical condition such as a misshaped urinary tract. In that situation, the patient may be referred to a nephrologist, a kidney specialist, or a urologist for evaluation. A structural abnormality may require surgery.

Prevention of Pyelonephritis

  • Increase fluid intake. Fluids particularly water can aid in the removal of microorganisms from the body when urinating
  • Urinate when needed. When there is the urge to urinate, avoid delaying urination.
  • Empty the bladder after intercourse. Urinating as quickly as possible after intercourse helps to eliminate bacteria from the urethra, lowering the chance of getting an infection.
  • Wipe carefully. After urinating or having a bowel movement, it is advised to wipe from front to back to prevent bacteria from migrating to the urethra.
  • Avoid using feminine products in the vaginal area. Using deodorant sprays or douches in the genital area can be irritating.

Nursing Diagnosis for Pyelonephritis

Pyelonephritis Nursing Care Plan 1

Acute Pain

Nursing Diagnosis: Acute Pain related to the infection or inflammation of the urinary tract including the urethra, bladder, and other urinary tract structures secondary to Pyelonephritis, as evidenced by burning urination, decreased physical activity, guarding behavior, lower back and bladder area spasm.

Desired Outcomes:

  • The patient will be able to use pharmacological and nonpharmacological strategies to relieve pain.
  • The patient will be able to report a remarkable pain control at less than 3 to 4 on a scale of 0-10 level.
  • The patient will be able to report relief or total absence of pain.
Pyelonephritis Nursing InterventionsRationale
Assess the patient’s pain description, including the quality, nature, and degree of the pain.      Burning when urinating, flank pain, lower abdominal or suprapubic pain are all symptoms of pyelonephritis. Some patients with persistent infections, on the other hand, are asymptomatic. This information will aid in the choice of intervention.
Examine the patient for symptoms of pyelonephritis.  Dysuria (painful, burning sensation, or difficult urination), urine frequency and urgency, and nocturia or voiding two or more times at bedtime are all common indications and symptoms of pyelonephritis. Excess white cells in the urine and bleeding of the irritated bladder wall can also cause pyuria or bad-smelling or murky urine and hematuria or bloody urine.
Monitor the patient’s laboratory and diagnostic studies as indicated:
-WBC count
-Bacteria in the urine
-Urine culture and sensitivity
-Computed tomography
-Ultrasound and kidney scans

Increased WBC count is a systemic response to infection. Urinalysis or urine culture is used to assess for pyuria, bacteria, and blood cells in the urine that is associated with the inflammation process during infection. Colony count of greater than 100,000 CFU/mL of urine during a clean-catch midstream or catheterized specimen indicates infection, although lower counts may also indicate UTI. Urine culture and sensitivity test is used to identify the infecting organism and to determine the most effective and suitable antibiotic. Additionally, a test for sexually transmitted infections is performed if acute urethritis is suspected. CT Scan is used for detecting renal calculi, pyelonephritis, and abscess. Ultrasound is used for detecting obstruction, abscesses, tumors, and cysts.
Apply a heating pad to the patient’s lower back or suprapubic area.Heat applied to the perineum might help reduce pain and spasms.
Encourage the patient to increase the oral fluid intake, unless contraindicated.    Increasing fluid consumption to 2 to 3 liters per day aids urine production, dilutes urine, relieves bladder irritation, improves renal blood flow, and flushes microorganisms from the urinary system.
Encourage the patient to void on a regular basis and when the urge is felt.    To avoid bladder distention, lower bacterial urine counts, reduce urine stasis, and prevent reinfection, frequent voiding every 2 to 3 hours to completely empty the bladder is recommended.

Pyelonephritis Nursing Care Plan 2

Impaired Urinary Elimination

Nursing Diagnosis: Impaired Urinary Elimination related to urinary urgency, frequent urination, and hesitancy secondary to pyelonephritis, as evidenced by pain during urination.

Desired Outcomes:

  • The patient will be able to achieve normal urinary elimination patterns including the absence of urinary urgency, oliguria, and pain during urination.
  • The patient will be able to demonstrate effective methods to prevent urinary infections.
Pyelonephritis Nursing InterventionsRationale
Instruct the female patient to wipe from front to back.      This method prevents bacteria from spreading from the anal region to the vagina and, eventually, the urethra. Perineal hygiene helps to reduce the risk of contamination and recurrent infection.
Advise the patient to drink cranberry juice as recommended.Cranberry juice (approximately 8 to 10 oz) is helpful in preventing and controlling pyelonephritis symptoms. Bacterial adhesion to uroepithelial cells in the urinary system has been demonstrated to be reduced.
Determine the patient’s age and gender.        Pyelonephritis is more common in females than in males in younger ages, but the difference narrows as they get older. Pyelonephritis affects about one in every five women at some point in their lives. Because of anatomical defects and decreased bladder tone, older persons are more likely to get pyelonephritis caused by inadequate bladder emptying.
Limit the use of indwelling bladder catheters for the patient when managing incontinence as possible.  The use of a catheter greatly raises the risk of pyelonephritis. Each day that a urinary catheter is inserted, the risk of catheter-associated pyelonephritis rises. Regular toileting, for example, can help avoid infection. If an indwelling catheter is required, adhere to stringent guidelines to avoid infection and urosepsis.
Examine the patient’s urinary pattern. The following considerations may be included in an assessment and physical examination:

-Inquiring about the presence of symptoms such as frequency, urgency, dysuria, and nocturia in the client.

-Identifying whether or not there is pain in the bladder area.

-Identifying the urine’s properties. Take note of the color, cloudiness, and if there is a foul odor.

-Identifying the frequency and volume of urine. How much and how often does the patient do it.
Can assist in identifying characteristics that may predispose a patient to pyelonephritis and serve as a basis in choosing relevant interventions.

Pyelonephritis Nursing Care Plan 3

Nursing Diagnosis: Hyperthermia related to inflammation and infectious process secondary to Pyelonephritis, as evidenced by an increase in body temperature on an above normal range and a flushed warm-to-touch skin, increased heart rate, and body malaise.

Desired Outcomes:

  • The patient will be able to maintain a core temperature that is within the normal range.
  • The patient will be able to blood pressure and heart rate within normal limits.
Pyelonephritis Nursing InterventionsRationale
Assess the patient for signs and symptoms of increased body temperature, Advise the patient to report the signs and symptoms particularly excessive perspiration, hot and dry skin, or being too hot.Sweating, shivering, headaches, heated skin, and general malaise are all signs of an elevated body temperature.
Monitor the patient’s Vital Signs particularly the temperature, as indicated.To determine the necessary intervention.
Provide a tepid sponge bath as needed.A non-pharmacological measure to allow evaporative cooling is a tepid sponge bath. Alcohol should not be used because it might quickly chill the skin and produce shivering.
Encourage the patient to increase oral fluid intake.Fluid will help to avoid dehydration brought on by a rise in temperature.
Encourage the patient to use a hypothermia blanket and the use of bath towels to wrap the extremities when feeling cold.      When the body temperature needs to be lowered quickly, use cooling blankets that circulate water. To prevent shivering, set the temperature regulator to 1°C below the client’s current temperature.
Advise the patient to maintain adequate sleep and rest periods in between activities.Adequate rest is necessary to cut down on metabolic demands and oxygen usage.
Administer antipyretic medications as needed.Medications will help in bringing the body temperature down rapidly.
Monitor the patient’s pulse rate and blood pressure.As hyperthermia advances, the heart rate and blood pressure increase.
Measure and document the patient’s temperature accurately every hour or as often as indicated, or if the patient’s condition changes.    Making accurate treatment decisions and assessing temperature changes will be easier if there is a consistent monitoring of temperature. If necessary, use two temperature monitoring modes. When compared to core temperature methods, all non-invasive methods for measuring body temperature have accuracy and precision variations unique to each type and approach.
Adjust and monitor environmental factors as necessary such as the patient’s room temperature and bed linens.The room temperature may be regulated to a close match to the patient’s body temperature, blankets and linens may be altered as needed to keep the patient warm.
Provide adequate nutritional support for the patient.  Hyperthermia causes higher energy demands and a high metabolic rate, which necessitates the consumption of food. Because fever causes a loss of appetite, the food must be appealing to the patient.

Pyelonephritis Nursing Care Plan 4

Deficient Knowledge

Nursing Diagnosis: Deficient Knowledge related to unknown background, nature, and treatment of urinary tract infection secondary to pyelonephritis, as evidenced by multiple questions about the disease, recurrent urinary tract infection, and giving inaccurate information about the disease.

Desired Outcome: The patient will be able to verbalize knowledge of pyelonephritis’ causes and treatments, manage the risk factors, and complete the medical treatment.

Pyelonephritis Nursing InterventionsRationale
Explain to the patient the causes of pyelonephritis how to prevent them, and the necessary treatment.  UTI recurrences and the current occurrence of pyelonephritis on a regular basis could suggest that the patient is having trouble understanding the disease and adhering to the prescribed treatment plan.
Instruct the patient about measures on how to avoid pyelonephritis and other urinary tract infections. Interventions may include:

Perform recommended hygienic measures such as showering rather than bathing in a tub. Bacteria may enter the urethra in the bathwater.

Encourage the patient to void when an urge is felt.
Because it can result in the stasis of urine when the urge to void is neglected.

Advise the patient to perform perineal hygiene every after a bowel movement.
This will help in preventing the migration of the bacteria in the urethral opening and in the vaginal opening in women.

Explain the importance of frequent bladder emptying.
It will prevent bladder distention and promote adequate blood supply to the bladder wall.

Advise the patient to use tampons for periods.
Sanitary napkins keep the bladder opening area drier, hence limiting the growth of bacteria. Thus, tampons are advised during menstruation.Advise the patient to avoid wearing tight-fitting or constricting undergarments made of non-cotton or non-breathing materials.
These fabrics can increase moisture which can provide an environment for bacterial growth. Cotton fabric and loose-fitting clothing are encouraged.
The purpose of patient education is to resolve the current infection and prevent it from recurring.
Assess the patient’s ability to learn and apply new information.  Self-efficacy is a term that describes a person’s belief in their own capacity to execute a task. Increased self-efficacy in the learner’s ability to learn the necessary information or skills may be the first step in health teaching about urinary health.
Establish an environment with mutual respect, openness, trust, and collaboration.When educating the patient about the disease the patient may have varying values and views about health and illness, demonstrating respect is extremely important.
Include the patient in the development of the teaching plan, beginning with the establishment of learning objectives and goals at the start of the session.Setting goals allows the patient to anticipate what will be discussed and what the patient can expect throughout the session. Adults tend to focus on the “here-and-now” rather than working on achieving small goals towards better health.

Pyelonephritis Nursing Care Plan 5

Activity Intolerance

Nursing Diagnosis: Activity Intolerance related to acute lower back pain and difficulty in urination secondary to pyelonephritis, as evidenced by facial grimace, guarding behavior, limited movements, and inability to perform activities of daily living.

Desired Outcomes:

  • The patient will be able to perform activities of daily living.
  • The patient will verbalize relief from pain or total absence of pain.
Pyelonephritis Nursing InterventionsRationale
Assess the patient’s understanding of the causes of activity intolerance related to pyelonephritis. .  Causative elements might be physical or psychological, and they can be transitory or permanent. Identifying the cause will assist the nurse in guiding the nursing intervention
Determine the patient’s nutritional need, including the fluid intakeDuring physical exertion, adequate energy reserves are required and adequate fluid intake will help in resolving the problem.
Examine the patient’s emotional reaction to physical activity restrictions.Depression brought on by an inability to do things can be stressful and frustrating.
Establish an activity guideline with goals and involve the patient and the significant others in the planning.When the patient is involved in goal-setting, it boosts motivation and collaboration.
Assess the patient’s need for additional assistance at home.  When it comes to aiding the patient in conserving energy, coordinated efforts are more meaningful and effective.
Allow the patient to do the activity at a slower pace, for a longer period of time, with more rest or pauses, or with assistance if needed.It aids in the development of activity tolerance.
Advise the patient not to engage in non-essential activities or procedures.  Patients with low activity tolerance should focus on the most vital tasks first.
Provide a commode at the bedside of the patient    Using a commode consumes less energy than using a bedpan or walking to the restroom. Thus, it will promote adequate urinary elimination.
Encourage the patient to engage in physical exercise that is appropriate for his or her energy level.Helps to foster a sense of independence while remaining realistic about the limitations.

Nursing References

Please follow your facilities guidelines, policies, and procedures.

Nursing Stat Facts
Nursing Stat Facts

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How a sunflower & big data inspired solar plant design

Scientists, such as those in the biofuel field, have been turning to nature for ideas to advance research. Now solar can benefit from that, too. Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology saw ingenuity in the sunflower’s petal arrangement and came up with a design for solar power plants that minimize land use and increase energy output.
The MIT research, published in the journal Solar Energy, focuses on the placement of the mirrors  installed on the ground and radiating out from a central tower. The sunlight is reflected by the mirrors and concentrated on the tower that boils water or other liquids to produce steam; then the steam runs a turbine and generator and produces electricity.
This type of solar power plant technology is called concentrating solar thermal, and some of the best known companies in the space include BrightSource Energy in California, and Torresol Energy and Abengoa Solar, both in Spain. In fact, MIT scientists used Abengoa’s PS10 power plant in Seville to show how the design works.
The design of the mirrors and their placement are both critical for determining how efficient the power plant can be in converting sunlight into electricity. Efficiency is related to the temperature of the steam; you want to achieve higher temperatures to boost efficiency. To do so requires optics that can concentrate sunlight well and beam it without obstruction to the boiler atop the tower.
Reducing the land use without sacrificing power production is also a sought-after goal by power plant developers. The use of land and other resources such as water have been a sticking point for environmental and community groups who oppose some of the large-scale solar projects in the American southwest. BrightSource announced a new power plant design last August that aimed to use land more efficiently.

Big data and computer modeling

The MIT research involved computer modeling that hones in on the layout of the mirror to minimize shading or other issues that diminish the mirrors’ ability to concentrate and beam the light in precise angles. The model used these factors to calculate how the mirrors’ placement affected the power production of PS10 each day.
The researchers then looked for patterns that could improve the mirrors’ optical efficiency and settled on the spiral layout of the florets in the center of a sunflower. Each of the florets is oriented toward its neighbor in 137 degrees, and the spiraling pattern created by this layout  has shown to be an efficient way to pack in the seeds.
By borrowing the idea from the sunflower, the researchers came up with a layout that can reduce land use by 15.8 percent and improve the mirrors’ optical efficiency by 0.36 percentage point, said Alexander Mitsos, a professor in mechanical engineering and a co-author of the research paper.
“For the same number of heliostats we use less area and collect more light,” Mitsos said. He cautioned that the research results apply to the P10 project in Spain, so the improvements will vary in other locations.
The research team’s modeling also shows there are trade offs between land use and efficiency that developers can work with to optimize their power plant designs. For example, the land use reduction can go up to 20 percent without improving the mirrors’ efficiency. So if land use is a bigger issue, then a developer could forgo the efficiency increase in favor of a smaller project footprint.
Photo courtesy of Abengoa Solar and Robert Benner via Flickr


UBC Theses and Dissertations

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UBC Theses and Dissertations

Death education in nursing and medical curricula : an integrative literature review Powar, Amardeep

Death is an inevitable experience for each individual. Although death is a natural human experience, the avoidance of death is an issue in the culture at large. This isolation of death and dying also is evident in the health professions of nursing and medicine. Despite the fact that death and dying has received considerably more scholarly attention over time, relatively little attention has been given to the topic of death education. This study explores the literature on death education within nursing and medicine from the 1970s onwards. Using an integrative literature review, scholarly articles were reviewed to determine how death education is enacted or made real in the health care environment, particularly in the nursing and medical curricula. This study examines how educators have taught the topic of death and dying over time and how an analysis of these past experiences may inform current education on death related concepts within health professional fields. The lack of attention to death and dying in nursing and medical curricula affects the confidence and competence that health care professionals have in managing these situations. Although death is a common occurrence in the health care environment, there remains a gap in how educators are supported to teach these concepts to students. The analysis of scholarly literature from the 1970s until the present reveals three themes. The avoidance of death in the culture at large, the importance of psychosocial aspects of care, and the lack of support for educators are three over-arching themes. The main recommendations for educators teaching death related topics appearing in the literature reviewed center on ensuring student contact with terminally ill and dying patients in the clinical setting as a way to learn about the dying process, use of simulation based learning, encouraging collaboration amongst the interdisciplinary team to meet patient and family needs, and the use of explicit competencies related to end-of-life care to ensure consistency amongst all students. The findings from this review are relevant for student learning, educator preparation, and may also influence how educators in the health professions incorporate death and dying concepts into their curricula.

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Abbreviated Gas Laws Worksheet

主題 Abbreviated Gas Laws Worksheet
說明 This activity is meant to guide students through a conceptual understanding of the gas laws. Students are not required to collect multiple data points to build a graph. It is meant to help students understand the basics of Boyle's Law, Charles's Law, Amontons's Law, Avogadro's Law, and Graham's Law of Effusion in an abbreviated fashion due to COVID-19. There are links to YouTube videos of real-life applications for each law.
科目 化學
程度 高中
類型 指引活動
時間 60 分鐘
語言 英語
關鍵字 gas laws, gas properties
模擬教學 Gases Intro_氣體概念介紹 (HTML5)

作者 Doug
聯繫 Email
學校 / 機構 Warwick High School
提交日期 2020/4/3
更新日期 2020/4/3


Rise of the Rest: A Vision Deferred

Providing Electricity to Africa by 2050

How many Africans will have access to electricity by 2050?

Given the expected boom in the African population and the likely increase in access, the demand for electricity infrastructure is going to explode between now and 2050. On UN estimates (medium variant), the sub-Saharan population will jump from 886 million in 2012 to 2.1 billion in 2050. Assuming that each country’s current access rate remains the same, 381 million additional people will have access to electricity and 855 million additional people will not. Read more

Demography, the Global Emergency

It is not an exaggeration to say that world demographics are entering uncharted territory. For the first time in a very long time, perhaps the first time ever, the dependency ratios (loosely, the ratio of dependents to workers) of all rich nations and of several emerging markets have started rising and will continue to rise for several decades.

This alone would be enough of a challenge for the world economy. But making things more complicated, it is taking place at the same time as the other big demographic transition of our age, the great population boom in some of the poorest nations of the world. Read more

CNBC: Governments Organize Matchmaking as Asia’s Birth Rates Fall

Several Asian countries have come up with special programs and innovative ways of encouraging people to get married and have more kids.

For Singapore citizen Kelly Ang, 25, who married a year ago, having a baby is not a top priority. The public relations professional, who works 11 hours a day, said she has no time to raise a family.

“At the moment I think it is difficult if I were to hold my current job and have a child too,” Ang said. “The work-life balance is something that would be a deterrent.”

Ang is one of many young people across Asia whose decision to put off having children is worrying their governments. From Taiwan to Singapore, authorities are stepping in to organize speed dating and other matchmaking events in a desperate attempt to stem falling birth rates. READ MORE.


How to determine your eye shape

It’s actually fairly easy to determine your eye shape as long as you have a mirror and a few spare minutes. Aside from eye shape, you may also want to pay attention to the position of your eyes on your face, since this can affect the overall appearance of your eyes just as much.

Identify the shape

#1 Look at your eyes in a mirror.

Head to a well-lit location with a mirror. Bring the mirror as close to you as possible so that you have a clear view of at least one of your eyes.

A magnifying mirror is ideal, but any mirror will work well enough as long as you can clearly see your eyes in it. This includes stationary mirrors, like those hanging on a wall or cabinet, as well as movable mirrors, like those included in a small compact.

Natural light often provides the best lighting, but as long as you can get a clear view of your eyes, artificial lighting can be just as good.

#2 Ask yourself if your eyelid has a crease.

Look at your upper eyelid. If this eyelid does not have a crease, you have monolid eyes. On the other hand, if your eyelid does have a crease, you will need to continue on before you can identify your eye shape.

Note that the eyelid crease does not need to be visible to be counted. True monolid eyes completely lack a crease.

The monolid counts as a basic eye shape, so if you have one, you do not need to progress through the remaining steps in the “Shape” section of this article. You can, however, move onto the “Position” section.

#3 Note the position of the outer corners.

Imagine that there is a straight, horizontal line extending through the centers of both eyes. Ask yourself if the outer corners of your eyes lie above or below this center line. If the corners are above this line, you have upturned eyes.

Similarly, if the corners are below this line, you have downturned eyes.

Imagining a center line might be difficult, so if necessary, you can place a disposable coffee stirrer or thin pencil across the horizontal center of one eye. Use your unblocked eye to examine the outer corner position of your blocked eye.

If the outer corners of your eyes fall near the center line, you will need to progress further to identify your basic eye shape.

If you have upturned or downturned eyes, you can stop sorting through the steps of the “Shape” section and move onto the “Position” section.

#4 Take a closer look at the crease in your eyelid.

With your eyes wide open, ask yourself if the crease of your eyelid is visible or hidden. If the crease is hidden underneath the upper part of your lid or your brow bone, you have a hooded eye shape.

Stop here if you have identified your eye shape as hooded. This is your basic eye shape, so you can skip the rest of the steps in this section and move onto the “Position” section of the article.

If the crease of your eyelid is visible, you will need to progress through the last part of this section.

#5 Examine the whites of your eyes.

More specifically, look at the whites around the iris—the colored portion of the eye. If you can see any white around the top or bottom of your iris, you have round eyes. If you cannot see any white above or below the iris, you have almond eyes.

Both round and almond eyes are basic eye shapes.

If you have no other identifiable shape features, as indicated by the previous steps in this section, your eye shape can only be round or almond.

This is the last quality you can take into consideration when identifying eye shape. The only other thing to take into consideration after this is the position of your eyes on your face.

Identify the position

#1 Look into your mirror again.

Just as you did when you identified your eye shape, you need to look at your eyes closely using a mirror while in a well-lit location. Unlike before, however, you should make sure that both eyes are visible in the mirror. One eye will not be enough to accurately determine eye position.

#2 Examine the inside corners of your eyes.

More precisely, examine the gap lying in between the inside corners of both eyes. If this gap is less than one eye length in size, you have close set eyes. If this gap is larger than one eye length, you have wide set eyes.

There is also the possibility that this gap is roughly the length of one eyeball. In this case, gap length is inconsequential and does not need to be taken into consideration.

This step only identifies your eye width. It does not influence depth or size, so you will still need to move onto the remaining steps in this section even if you have wide or close set eyes.

#3 Consider the depth of your eyes.

Most individuals do not need to take depth into consideration when determining the position of their eyes, but some do have either deep set eyes or protruding eyes.

Deep set eyes appear as though they are tucked further back into the socket, causing the upper eyelid to appear short and small.

Protruding eyes, on the other hand, literally bulge outward from the socket and toward the upper lash line.

Since this step only identifies eye depth, you will still need to continue with the remaining step of this section to determine eye size.

#4 Compare your eyes with the rest of your face.

Compare your eyes with your mouth and nose. Average eye size will be similar to that of your mouth or nose, if not a little smaller. If your eyes are significantly smaller, though, you have small eyes. If they are larger than your other features, you have large eyes.

As with depth, most people will not need to pay attention to the size of their eyes.


How To Do Digital Marketing For an Art Website

Market your art online

What is the first step in becoming an artist? It is very simple: pick up a pen or pencil and create your artwork on paper, canvas or on a digital tablet. The artist gets to choose the medium.

Creating artwork is not all.

The next few steps are the harder ones. Artists also feel that art is not for everyone to understand. Since we all are different individuals with very different perspectives, we tend to see things differently. The audiences might not be able to comprehend the thought process behind creating a certain piece of art. They might understand only a part of it or none of it.

Many artists shy away from showcasing their artwork to the public eye from the fear of being criticized. And even if artists do decide to put across their work online they are at a loss as to where to start, what to do, how to reach out to the audience, etc. It is often helpful when a fellow artist who has faced similar challenges shares a few tips or words of wisdom.

If you are a budding artist who’s wondering how to promote your website or blog, there’s no need to worry. This article is the rescue to all your woes! These digital marketing strategies would help you convert your passion for art into a career.

The best way to put yourself out there is to tell people who you are and what you do. Start with your friends and family. The more people you tell, the faster you’ll let everyone know about your artistic side. Word of mouth is often a very effective strategy to introduce yourself and your brand.

It is very important to interact with the world out there. Social media is a great place to meet like-minded people. More importantly, it is where your artwork will get the most exposure. If you aren’t on social media, get on with it! Put your artwork on display for people to see and appreciate. Interacting with fellow artists also give you a fair idea about the level of competition that awaits you. If you need some inspiration, look at art hotels or boutique hotels in Hobart. There are some great examples of artsy businesses that still make a great profit.

Look at art hotels for inspiration

Merely creating artwork and posting it on social media doesn’t get the job done. People often want to know what motivates their favourite artists. They often want to know the person behind the artwork. Try to give creative captions to your artwork. Art is a form of expression in itself. By giving words to your artwork and sharing your story behind it, you will allow the audience to connect with you on a personal level.

Publish your own newsletter periodically; once a month or a few times a year. It is a good way to stay in contact with your followers and friends and tell them what you’re up to. You can also employ newsletters to announce recent or upcoming projects and workshops.

The primary focus should be on building the brand. The marketing bit comes in much later. Your brand is not just about the logo. It helps build the trust factor if you add pictures of yourself on your website and other social media handles along with a catchy description.

Social media helps you know what is trending and what is not. It is not easy paying your bills by selling art (you can read about funding here). But you can use social media to your advantage by learning about the styles of artwork. An artist is often comfortable making a certain type of art. If you’re struggling to get by, you can try to get a hotel job or restaurant job on the side.

But it never hurts to learn something new. Remember: trends are your new friends now! So, this was how to do digital marketing for your website. Get started today and get more leads!


Truffles in 2022 🖤

Truffles have been enjoyed for centuries, but have been particularly gaining in popularity for the last decade. They’re now more in demand than ever.

We believe this is very much set to continue, as they are the perfect decadent food treat for the times we live in now.

Fresh truffles are such a magical ingredient and so versatile in the kitchen – delicious served simply but also capable of creating the most stunning combinations with many other flavours, working beautifully with every different food cuisine.

So many people around the world care more and more about what they eat. Truffles are one of the few luxury ingredients which are entirely natural and genuinely healthy – low in calories, high in vitamins and minerals. They’re also of course suitable for plant based and vegan diets as well as being free of all major allergens.

Truffles bring massive environmental benefits to the planet. Hundreds of thousands of trees are planted every year specifically to encourage their growth. It’s a long-term process so these trees are left largely alone for decades, sequestering enormous quantities of carbon dioxide.

The truffles also help the trees grow stronger; their symbiotic relationship bringing increased nutrients and water from the soil to the trees, which in turn pass them energy. In fact new research is showing that symbiotic fungi are essential to life on earth, and could be an answer to many of the problems faced by mankind.

Truffles are grown and hunted largely without machinery or agri chemicals, and need very little labour – really just a man and his dog. Therefore, because of the huge number of trees planted to produce them, their climate impact is quite possibly actually positive: their environmental benefits may outweigh their carbon footprint.

Truffles are an ingredient that is eaten in tiny quantities, so even when flown around the world to reach their markets, their food miles are negligible. For example, the transport of the entire amount of Australian truffles that we import to the UK every year – about 1.5 tons, to supply hundreds of restaurants for an entire season – has a similar carbon footprint to just one average family holiday.

Another big topic right now is the cost of food. Obviously truffles are a luxury ingredient, but as they depend so little on the energy, external inputs and mass labour that have pushed up other food prices, their prices have barely increased at all.

In fact we are supplying Australian truffles at exactly the same rate this year as we have done for the last few years. How many other ingredients do you know which haven’t increased in price this year? Therefore truffles are now much better value than they were when compared to other foods.

So… healthy, vegan, not only climate friendly but actively environmentally beneficial, suitable for everyone and now relatively lower in cost… plus of course still absolutely delicious, decadent, unique, exciting and able to enhance almost every dish they touch to become something very special.

Little wonder that we are even more busy than we’ve ever been. The future is truffles!