Mom taught me how to iron clothes.

Since we had no television while growing up, Saturday mornings usually found me ironing the pillowcases and dish towels. Mom had previously laundered, starched, and rolled them up in a large plastic bag. This kept them moist while awaiting their appointed time with the iron.

Until I was tall enough to reach the ironing board while standing, we used a combo “high chair” and stepstool with two squeaky steps. Maybe it was early onset OCD, but I grew to enjoy transforming those moist, wrinkled items into dry and smooth works of art.

Now that I’m grown, except for occasional trips to the cleaners, I don’t mind ironing my own clothes. As a child, we didn’t have the luxury of a steam iron, so we kept the clothes moist and smoothed their wrinkles with a simple iron. But today’s new and improved model has many features. With so many fancy nobs, buttons, and settings, it requires an instruction booklet

One of the safety features is a cut off mechanism when the iron is inactive. While ironing, the green “in use” light is on and the iron performs smoothly and effectively. However, when I get distracted and leave it inactive for a short while, the green light blinks out and the iron shuts off. This is by design so I don’t accidentally burn myself or the house down.

Losing Spiritual Power

As I ironed my business shirts, God taught me yet another valuable lesson. He gently showed me how I am just like that iron when I’m supposed to be doing something for Him. While I’m active and busy, He supplies the power, energy, and enthusiasm to complete the task. Yet, when I am distracted, forget my priority, and become discouraged, complacent, and inactive, my spiritual “in use” light blinks off. That’s when I lose His power, my enthusiasm, and overall effectiveness.

God usually won’t show you the longer pathway until you are taking the steps He’s already shown you. Whether He’s convicted you to stop something or inspired you to start something, get busy doing it or you may be stuck for a while, with your “in use” button off and your iron growing cold.


4 Immune-Boosting Strategies You Should be Practicing

Whether you catch the sniffles or something much worse, it is never a good time when you feel sick. Usually, it means you have to miss work or a fun outing with your friends, and while nothing is foolproof, there are ways to strengthen your immune system.

Of course, it’s always important to get your annual check-ups with your primary care doctor to make sure your body is in tip-top shape. However, there are other immune-boosting strategies you should be practicing as well. Ready to get healthy? Start with our tips below.

Eat Your Fruits and Vegetables

This may sound trivial, but if you aren’t getting the proper nutrients through your diet, then you may be putting yourself at a higher risk for illness. Fruits and vegetables aren’t always fun to eat, but there are ways to sneak them into your food so that you don’t notice them as much. Nutrients like beta carotene and Vitamin C are found in fruits and vegetables and can help boost your immune system to fight off nasty colds and help you to stay healthy.

Get Enough Sleep

That’s right, it’s time to stop the scrolling on your phone and put it on your nightstand so you can catch some Zs! When you sleep, your body releases cytokines, which help fight diseases that infect your body. So, if you’re not sleeping enough, that means your body is not creating enough cytokines to help boost your immune system. One of the best tips for getting enough sleep is to stick to a schedule. Set your alarm at the same time every morning, and make sure you will be getting at least seven hours of sleep.

Start Exercising

It can be challenging to find time to exercise with such a busy schedule, but it’s important to move your body to increase blood flow and strengthen antibodies, which can help boost immunity. According to the CDC, you should get at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week. Not sure where to start? Try taking a walk around the block or following along with a yoga video. What seems like just a small amount of exercise can make all the difference!

Manage Stress Levels

High-stress levels increase cortisol, and increased amounts of cortisol can lead to inflammation and a weakened immune system. So, how can you manage your stress when there is so much going on in your life? A few things you can try are meditating, journaling, and exercising. Avoid drinking alcohol when you can, eat well, and prioritize your needs to eliminate triggers. If you need additional support, perhaps consider reaching out to a mental health expert. Sometimes, talking to someone who is unbiased about any issues you are having can help you feel more equipped to handle stress.

If you are looking for medical support, look no further than the Northwest Regional Health, which delivers compassionate, and quality medical care while prioritizing your safety.


1. home
  2. Historic Center
  3. Piaţa Mare
  4. No. 9, Large Square

No. 9, Large Square

15th century with modifications executed in the 19th century

The house has a basement, a ground floor and the first floor, the front of the house looking onto the square being slightly withdrawn. The main façade is structured on six lines and has a classic shape.
The access in the courtyard is made through a passageway covered by a cylindrical arch. The staircase leading towards the street is decorated with a tall housing set in a circular arch which probably represented the base of a statue.
The part of the building looking onto the courtyard has a wooden balcony with a metallic handrail all around the first floor.
The building has a two-ridged, abrupt roof, with a crest parallel to the facade, displaying three tall rectangular skylights with a triangular pediment. Arching elements: in body B, 16 rooms at the ground floor display penetration arches, cross-shaped or semi-cylindrical arches and four rooms at the first floor display ceilings with moldings. The roof of transversal body B has a loft. In the courtyard there is a passageway supported by wooden poles (body A and B),

Special architectural elements:

- The façade presents semi-circular skylights with mould floral decorations as well as a bas relief above the windows which represents human figures from the Roman mythology made of molding. The rain shadow intrados is decorated with embossed wooden rosettes.

Mayor Oswald Wenzel in 1456 and goldsmith Nikolaus Russe in 1468 were the first known owners of the house.
Between 1500 and 1600 the house was in the possession senator and merchant Johann Rappolt and his descendants. Around the year 1600 patrician Armbruster purchased the house and subsequently, Simonis, Lutsch, Czekelius von Rosenfeld owned it between 1706 and1754, followed by Michael Hirling.
Between 1795 and 1820 the house belonged to Andreas Wolff and Georg Gross. In 1828 mayor Martin Von Hochmeister, the famous pressman of the city, bought the house at a price of 3500 fl. He rebuilt it entirely. In 1866 the Saxon University came into possession of the house and preserved it until 1937.
Paul Friedrich’s pharmacy named “La Leu” opened here in 1780. After his death in 1795, the pharmacy was taken over by Andreas Wolff and Georg Gross. Between 1820 and 1836 the pharmacy was in the possession of the Sigerus family, from whom it was purchased by August Teutsch on October 22nd, 1836.
In 1884 Teutsch relocated the pharmacy in the house next door, at no. 10, the space serving until its nationalization as a clothing and manufacturing store, under various names and having various owners: Adolf Scholze (who had a cloth factory in the Dumbrava Forest), M. Krassowsky, Karl Kremer, G. Jacobi and Michael Ferengel.

Theodor Glatz moved in this building in 1870 the first photographic studio in Sibiu in the courtyard, opened in 1853. After his death in 1871, the studio is taken over by Kamille Asboth from whom it was purchased in 1898 by Emil Fischer. Three years later, Fischer moved the studio at no. 1-3, on Balcescu Street.
Several insurance companies functioned here until World War I and for a short time after World War II, it served as the Quaestorship of the Municipal Police.

  • Planul cladirii, perioada interbelica


Tara Parsons

HarperCollins (USA)
← Back to List
Please introduce yourself and what interests you have

I am the Associate Publisher for three imprints under The HarperOne Group at HarperCollins Publishers. In addition to overseeing the marketing department for Amistad, HarperCollins Español, and HarperVia, I also acquire and edit my own list of fiction and nonfiction. Some of my recent books include the international bestsellers THE HISTORY OF BEES and THE END OF THE OCEAN by Maja Lunde, Amazon Best Book of the Year ALMOND by Won-pyung Sohn, and THE COLOR OF AIR by bestselling author Gail Tsukiyama.
Prior to HarperCollins, I worked as Editor-in-Chief of Touchstone Books at Simon & Schuster and Editorial Director of Fiction at Amazon Publishing.

Why did you decide to publish Korean books? Why ?

The motto of our new international imprint, HarperVia, is: Books that take you everywhere. We’re looking for stories that introduce readers to new places and perspectives through the language of literature. When I read ALMOND, I was transported. I identified with the characters on an emotional level and felt that US readers would as well. The story of ALMOND celebrates the universal desire for understanding, while taking readers to a different culture and place.

Introduce the process of publishing Korean book in your country e.g.) the way of publishing, the process of marketing and sales, what was the chellange?etc

US booksellers and readers appreciate US authors and like to champion books from “home.” We also sometimes find that US readers are intimidated by translated books. Therefore, in both our marketing and sales initiatives, we sought to highlight ALMOND’s merits as a translated book to those who already champion translated literature here, but also to introduce the universal emotions at the heart of the story to general readers. Pre-publication, we sought advance praise through extensive early galley mailings to authors and US trade publications alike; we presented the book at library and sales meetings; we sent early galleys to a comprehensive list of indie bookstores, book influencers, and bookstagrammers. On publication, we put the book into online promotions, and our advertising used those early blurbs and enthusiasm to harness national reviews, placement, and sales.

Your thoughts on why Korean books gained attention in your country?

A few breakout bestsellers have opened the eyes of readers in the US, but even more so, the store buyers who purchase for independent bookstores, chains, and even mass merchandisers. It seems that everyone now realizes that an original, exciting read can resonate with US readers.

Is there any Korean books catches your mind these days? Are there any Korean books you are interested in?

I’m open to hearing about any new Korean titles for our list! In particular, I’m looking for literary, yet accessible fiction that taps into themes of identity and belonging.

These days, what is the issue in publishing industry in USA?

There are always new challenges in the publishing industry, but I often find energy in thinking about the ways we can harness those challenges to sell books in modern, fresh ways. Right now, physical stores have closed because of the virus, which has made us explore new digital opportunities. The proliferation of other forms of entertainment makes us think about new ways to advertise online. And even the complex political and social movements happening now help ignite our passion for the books we publish and seek to publish more, and better books from diverse perspectives.

Lastly, what do you want to say to the Korean publisher?

Thank you very much for your interest and time. Please send me more of your books, and please tell me more about your lists, your vision, and how we can collaborate. I am very curious to hear about your market, your challenges, and what trends you see in the marketplace.

Please tell us about your company.

Our international imprint publishes fiction and nonfiction, mostly in translation, offering readers a chance to encounter other lives and other experiences, other realities and other points of view. Our imprint celebrates the universal desire for discovery, understanding, and connection through exceptional storytelling, embracing works in translation to open up the field to authors from around the world. Because fiction enlivens conversation and strengthens bonds between cultures, our international imprint publishes stories that spark the imaginations of readers everywhere, regardless of color or creed, nationality or gender.


Outdoor Awnings

Awnings can be utilised in residential and commercial buildings. They are a roof-like structure made of canvas or other durable materials such as synthetic blends. Outdoor awnings serve as a shelter and provide a cover over a window, door or storefront. They can greatly enhance the overall appearance of a home or commercial building. Outdoor awnings can resonate with the architectural design of any home and building.

They can be very beneficial for commercial spaces like cafes and restaurants, as they do not only provide shade and shelter from the elements, but also more seating space for customers. At home family and friends can enjoy the outdoors and additional entertaining areas.

Shade and cover

They create a comfortable space for those who need shading or want to still enjoy the outside during rain. It is also a great way to entertain without the worry of being exposed to the elements of nature.

Outdoor awnings come in a large variety of designs and colours, pleasing any customer’s personal taste or requirement.

Outdoor awnings can help to keep a building or area cooler in the same, by providing shade. They also enhance the usage of any space that if not covered would otherwise remain empty.

Outdoor awnings can increase the size of a usable area by providing cover or shade. More shade available, more seating options or entertainment space


are there any shenzheners?

The Shenzhen Volunteer Association claims that “If you come, you are a Shenzhener (来了，就是深圳人). The claim itself is fascinating because it not only flies in the face of traditional hometown identities, but also because it implies that those who were already here aren’t Shenzheners.

There are three main labels for people in Shenzhen: 深圳人 (Shenzhener)，本地人 (local)，and 外地人 (outsider). As a general rule of thumb, Shenzheners are as much a construction of ongoing municipal campaigns to generate identification with the city as they are the rich second generation who grew up here. The point is that in addition to refering to an individual’s hukou status, the label “Shenzhener” also and importantly refers to a recognizable lifestyle and aesthetic that in the US we would call “middle class consumer”.

In contrast, locals and outsiders refer to the hometowns of people who live in Shenzhen. Locals have traditional roots here (through a historic village), while outsiders came from elsewhere to live and work in Shenzhen. Technically, everyone in Shenzhen is either a local or an outsider. However, as indicated above, the category of “Shenzhener” is an ongoing social construction that transvalues local and outsider identities, usually by smoothing out differences in the second generation. Thus, the children of both locals and outsiders frequently identify as Shenzheners, even when their parents have Shenzhen household residency but continue to identify with their hometown.

The distinction between Shenzheners, locals, and outsiders points to the overlap between traditional Chinese hometown identities and the reform policies that created Shenzhen. On the one hand, Chinese people identify with their hometowns, creating identity out shared language, food, and customs, such as Shanghai or Hakka people. On the other hand, Shenzhen identity has been constructed out of the transformation of Bao’an, environmentally, socially, politically, and culturally. Shenzheners are the people who have participated in and/or benefited from that process. In contrast, locals remain identified with their natal villages, while outsiders continue to identify with theirs.

The symbols through which individuals craft Shenzhener identities are vexed by contradiction and uncertainties for three reasons. First, less than 3 million people (or 1/6) of the total population have Shenzhen hukou, which means legally most inhabitants are not Shenzheners. Second, if locals are not considered Shenzheners, it is because identity remains rooted in policy, rather than history. And third, even second generation Shenzhen residents remain emotionally embedded in hometown relationships elsewhere because their were raised by outsider grandparents.

Of course, therein lays the rub. The debate about who is a Shenzhener not only raises the question of who has rights to the city, but also the question of who is willing to be responsible for the city. To date, these questions have not been explicitly addressed, begging the question: is it enough to define a Shenzhener through how an individual has used the city (to achieve political and/or economic goals), or do we need to re-imagine the Shenzhener identity in terms of contributions to society?


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I know that we use the preposition "ON" with the word "ISLAND" , but I remember once reading a rule that states :

1. Use "on" with "island" if the island is small or not inhabited.
2. Use "in" with "island" if the island is big and inhabited by many people.

I am wondering if that rule or information is correct!

Thanks in advance
Original Post

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Yes, that is generally true in a way.

However, we use 'in' with the big islands only if they have another geographical name. For example, he lives ON the island of Manhattan, but IN New York City. There are weather instruments ON the island of Greenland, but IN Greenland.

If we refer to the city of Miami Beach, (it is a city), we say that he lives IN Miami Beach. But if we refer to just the island, we say ON the Beach.

But, there are exceptions. We say that they live ON Long Island or ON Whidbey Island, both large, inhabited islands.

The use of the preposition may vary from place to place, but in general, of the islands that I know and know of, they are called by the names I have described.

It would be interesting if our members would add islands, island cities, island countries to this list. Let's see what we come up with.
It seems to me that if the proper name of the island contains the word "Island", then we would always use 'on'. At least, this is true of places I've had direct experience with:

- In 1982, I lived on Long Island, which is in the State of New York.

- My family used to spend every summer on Long Beach Island (in New Jersey).

- I spent last weekend on Block Island.
(Block Island is located in the Atlantic Ocean, off the coast of Rhode Island.)

Speaking of 'Rhode Island', that is not actually an island. Rather, it is a state that happens to have 'Island' as part of its name. In this case, I would say "My brother lives in Rhode Island".

I would tend to use "in" with the plural 'islands' in this sort of sentence:

- He has a home somewhere in the Hawaiian islands.

HOWEVER, when it is again narrowed down to a single island, I would go back to 'on':

- He has a home on one of the Hawaiian islands.
Last edited by Amy, Co-Moderator

Vera, welcome to the grammar exchange.

I agree that The Durrells on Corfu sounds better.  However, both are correct.  The Durrells lived on the island of Corfu, which is in the regional unit of Corfu.

Similarly, one can be said to live on Hawaii, meaning the island, or in Hawaii, meaning the state within the United States of which that island is a part.

I just had to register, just to thank you all for making it even more complicated for/to me (I question everything right now), at the moment I'm Dutch and what I was looking for myself, before seeing this thread, came from this paragraph:

After having served as the largest port in the world for 42-years between 1962 and 2004 before it was surpassed by Singapore and Shanghai, The Port of Rotterdam is still the biggest port in the European continent.

Given the fact a lot of times the correct Dutch spelling is similar to the English version, this time not. We would use: 'biggest port ON the European continent'.

But when I looked it up for the English spelling, to make sure, I saw an explanation that when the continent name is mentioned, then you use IN. They also tell: "When the word in front of it ends with -ing, it's always "ON".

Of course when I then look up whether we Dutch make that distinction in case the name of the continent is in the text...they didn't mentioned that Here the original and English translation.

Going to make some lunch, in my kitchen, on my plate.
Cheers, maybe I will look later on myself but will surely bookmark this page to see if any addition to either the island or continent question.

Last edited by nlx78

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Find great deals on eBay for medieval peasant. Potatoes are inexpensive and Hasselback potatoes make an amazing presentation. Feasts were a highlight of Medieval life. For the special meals of the holiday peasants ate that rare delicacy of – usually boiled – meat, treated themselves to cheese and eggs, ate cakes and drank ale. Dyed fabrics Men dyeing fabric, 1482 British Library Royal MS 15.E.iii, f. 269 1482. Does pumpkin pie need to be refrigerated? It comes from The Goodman of Paris (whom I blogged about here), and it appears in The Medieval Cookbook (revised edition) by Maggie Black. All Rights Reserved. It was customary to intersperse sweets throughout the meal. See more ideas about Medieval, Medieval life, Medieval recipes. How long will the footprints on the moon last? Possessions were scarce: A medieval peasant kitchen would have been euipped with a boiling pot, a frying pan, and a kettle. How long was Margaret Thatcher Prime Minister? Typically I’m heading to a few parties, but this year I’m staying close to home. Creamy and pure, they can be made in a variety of ways. There were however changes both the the male and female dress. If they were lucky they got ale. Meat Dishes - Beef. French Medieval Food Bread, accompanied by meat and wine, was the centrepiece of the medieval diet. When did organ music become associated with baseball? The dessert in the Middle Ages, it corresponds to the third or fourth course before leaving the table with: -sweet dishes : pudding, tarts, crustards, patties, wafers, doughnuts, pancakes, marzipan cakes (almond cakes), compotes, creams and fruit cooked in hyppocras. Although the specific characteristics of peasant life varied based on region, in general, medieval peasants lived in an agrarian society. As late as the 17 th. Credit: Hans Splinter, CC-BY-ND-2.0 Dining Like A Medieval Peasant: Food and Drink for the Lower Orders. Medieval European meals for the middle class and nobility were structured very differently and did not usually have a specific dessert course. Recipes by Type. An overview of medieval fashion for common people in the 11th to 16th century. However, there are ways to prepare a fantastic holiday dinner while still saving a few dollars. May 9, 2013 - Explore Guinivere's Games's board "Medieval Food" on Pinterest. What did peasants have for dessert in medieval times. Turkey is typically the […], Sugar cookies are timeless and always a favorite. Cereals were the basic food, primarily as bread. Apple Absolutely Divine! The main meal eaten by Medieval peasants was a kind of stew called pottage made from the peas, beans and onions that they grew in their gardens. Shop with confidence. Medieval Desserts will add an exciting and SUCCULENT touch to your kitchen. If making a fruit compote sounds too complicated for you (even though I promise it really, really isn't), you can simply make a medieval style pancake and add the fruit right in the cake itself! AUTHENTIC recipes that are EASY to make. When did Elizabeth Berkley get a gap between her front teeth? They had pies and pastries available, and some of these had fruit filling. Lemon Posset is a traditional British dessert that was based on a drink popular during the Middle Ages, when access to lemons was a sign of wealth and power. Not all foods had the same cultural value. Popular as a dessert item and on Shrove Tuesday, pancakes were made using almond milk instead of cream or diary milk to keep to the fasting rules of Lent. What are the disadvantages of primary group? As in the modern day, the food and drink of Medieval England varied dramatically. A peasant is a pre-industrial agricultural laborer or a farmer with limited land-ownership, especially one living in the Middle Ages under feudalism and paying rent, tax, fees, or services to a landlord. What did peasants have for dessert in medieval times? When looking at medieval fabrics colours we look at two categories: The cheaper home dyed fabrics using local plant based dyes, and the more expensive profetionsal dyed fabrics, that … Peasants during the Middle Ages often survived off of cabbage stew, bog-preserved butter, meat pies, and in desperate times, poached deer. Medieval bread (a medieval recipe) Bread represents the main part of the medieval diet. and pastries available, and some of these had fruit filling. Inter state form of sales tax income tax? If you were a medieval peasant, your food and drink would have been pretty boring indeed. The most common French medieval desserts were custard tartes. Meat and spices were signs of wealth during the Middle Ages. Peasants lived in towns on the lords manor, the houses are made of a mixture of stones, straws & branches, with the roof thatcher (joe) with 2 rooms in one of each house, one for the whole family to sleep in, and the other is a common room. If you like this idea too, here are a […]. Preparing a holiday meal can get pricy. Washington. 100 of The Forme of Cury is called compost, though it had a different meaning … The ingredients are basic – butter, eggs, flour, vanilla, baking soda or powder, and, of course, sugar. There are later medieval recipes for things like honey cakes and cookies made with flour and honey (thin, chewy, and long lasting), but peasants weren’t likely to be able to afford them, except as special treats for celebrations. How old was queen elizabeth 2 when she became queen? A Good Roast Alows de Beef Autre Vele en Bokenade Balls or Skinless Sausages Elsewhere, Medieval Meals highlights the religious and culinary boundaries that shaped the peasants’ diets and made them so different from our own. Perfect Prime Rib Every Time (The Best Ever), Just A Pinch Recipes - # 1 Site for Real Recipes from Real Home Cooks, Show 5 Comments & Reviews, 18 Inexpensive Thanksgiving Dinner Recipes, Easy Homemade Gifts for the Holiday Season. pie existed for a long time before it was invented by George Traditional Medieval French Custard Tarte. Peasants had fruit and bread. What did medieval commoners wear? How would you describe the obsession of zi dima? Known simply as Posset, it was originally made with milk beaten with eggs, sugar, and spices and curdled with ale or wine. AUTHENTIC recipes that are EASY to make. Compost. Dessert was not something peasants had commonly. Where can i find the fuse relay layout for a 1990 vw vanagon or any vw vanagon for the matter? Animals roamed the property owned by wealthy landowners and had to be hunted. They had pies Their only sweet food was the berries, nuts and honey that they collected … While the fashion of the nobles changed quite a lot between 1000 and 1550, the clothing of the common people, particularly the peasants, changed but slowly. So, I plan to make treats for my friends. Therefore, cereals were the most widely used food, especially for making bread, which was generally made with wheat flour (however, most peasants made bread with rye flour). Each had its place within a hierarchy extending from heaven to earth. Why don't libraries smell like bookstores? Copyright © 2020 Multiply Media, LLC. These meals consisted of breakfast at a very early hour to allow for dinner at about 9:00 am, or not later than 10:00 am, and supper probably before it got dark, perhaps at 3:00 pm in the winter. It would typically consist of dragées and mulled wine accompanied by aged cheese , and by the Late Middle Ages could also include fresh fruit covered in sugar , honey or syrup and boiled-down fruit pastes. The 1st of January was important as people hoped for better fortune in the coming year. Lunch wasn't served until the late Middle Ages. Medieval dessert. and 18 th the peasant house was only one room, plus barns and a storehouse. Who is the actress in the saint agur advert? The amazing 10 facts about medieval peasant would be told in this article. While the nobility enjoyed luxurious feasts, peasants consumed only very basic meals. Who is the longest reigning WWE Champion of all time? The only sweet food eaten by Medieval peasants was the berries, nuts and honey that they collected from the woods. Shop with confidence. In Europe, a standard menu was broken down into courses. Some days the peasants didn't even get breakfast. In the Middle Ages the peasants ate plain f oods. Based on the article on Wikipedia, a peasant is a pre-industrial agricultural labourer farmer, especially one living in the middle ages under feudalism and paying rent, tax, fees or services to a landlord. The lives of peasants throughout medieval Europe were extremely difficult. Terence Scully, The Art of Cookery in the Middle Ages, pp 119-120 "The very poor doubtless ate when they could, but the slightly better-off peasants seem generally to have eaten three times a day. There is a culinary term for all dishes accompanied by bread from the 12th century, the companage (from the Latin cum, with and panis, bread). This is a great book because Black has modernized all sorts of medieval recipes so that amounts and cooking times are all present, in addition to adding interesting commentary and background information. How tall are the members of lady antebellum? The term "dessert" comes from the Old French desservir 'to clear a table', literally 'to un-serve', and originated during the Middle Ages. Find great deals on eBay for medieval peasants. They ate a kind of stew called pottage made from the peas, beans and onions that they grew in their gardens. Oats… Buttery and sweet, sugar cookies can be soft or cut out into shapes […], How is the holiday season here? Recipe No. Since they carried out heavy work and subjected to severe weather conditions during the winter period, Medieval peasants needed to consume many calories a day. Where they become special is adding spices and decorating with icing, colored sugar crystals, or even chocolate. Medieval people would have been hungry most of the time – and a feast was a time for celebration and gluttony. Feudalism defined the social structure of medieval Europe from roughly the tenth century to the fifteenth century, situating The peasants’ main food was a dark bread made out of rye grain. Preparing recipes with budget-friendly ingredients is also key. Dessert was not something peasants had commonly. Planning a menu early and shopping sales are two tips. They were often used as a way to pause and refresh the palate between courses. Just A Pinch will NOT work unless you turn javascript ON in your browser. Since peasants had to obtain permission and sometimes pay in order to hunt on the lands of landlords, meat was a rare treat. Of the latter there was certainly lots, the brew typically made by peasant women. If you would like to skip directly to these recipes go right ahead! the common room was usually filled with an open fireplace, small windows without any glass, and instead of lights, they used candles and lit them up. Peasants did not eat much meat.


Training 1: Behavior Rating Scales Are Not Enough

Presented By: Jenny Ponzuric

This training will focus on methods for assessors to gather information beyond T-scores on rating scales and provide ways to analyze information across data sources to determine the "what" and the "why" behind social, emotional, and behavioral concerns so the team can determine the "how" they can best support the student.

See flyer for dates and times

Cost: Free

Location: Virtual

Register by September 7, 2022


Why Do Traders Fail? And (How to Overcome it)

On April 2, 2011, in Wankhede Stadium, Mumbai – India, was chasing down a total of 274 against Sri Lanka in the world cup final.

It has been the dream of one billion people to see India lifting the world cup again. And the most expected batsman Sachin Tendulkar got out very early in the innings. After some good partnership between Gambhir and Kohli – Kohli suddenly got out.

It shocked the entire country when they saw MS Dhoni entering bat when Kohli left off. The reason was that Dhoni was not performing well with his batting in the league matches.

It worried many cricket fans as to why he is getting out to bat early when he should come down after a few more wickets are gone – so that there is a chance of him saving the country.

But as time passed, the fans relaxed as they saw Dhoni take many singles and two’s. Slowly he moved into the zone, and towards the end, he was hitting the ball all over the ground. He gave his best knock in this final and finished the match with a great six, thereby bringing home the world cup.

If you are a serious cricket fan, you might have even heard this commentator’s voice in your head. “Dhoni goes for a Six and finishes in style. India lifts the world cup after 28 years, and the party begins now.”

Dhoni was not affected by the performance of his last few matches. And he’s not worried about the future as well. That day, he was focused on getting down and giving his best. He goes with the attitude of “Each and every match counts.”

But, traders often fail in trading because they don’t have the attitude of “Each and every trade counts.”

They fail to understand the probabilistic nature of trading – looking to earn a profit over a series of trades. Let’s find out how to overcome this shortcoming and end up as a winning trader.

Not understanding the probability nature of trading (profiting over a series of trades).

Let’s say we are planning for a vacation to Switzerland. How do we go about it? First, we’ll schedule the date, allocate enough money for the trip, book the tickets and finally make the trip.

However, there is also one crucial factor that we consider to understand the environment of the place we’re visiting.

Everyone knows Switzerland is a cold place, and to enjoy spending time there. You’ve to mentally prepare well to tackle that place’s coldness. We pack the best jerkins/wearables. We keep it handy to wear it and navigate the environment happily once we’re there.

But, in trading, traders don’t understand the environment in which they are participating. And feel lost in an environment where they don’t know what to do. And this leads to taking the wrong action, which ends up in losses.

Trading is a mental game; all we try as traders in this environment is to earn a profit over a series of trades.

This phrase “over a series of trades” is the key to successful trading. But traders have a real difficulty in taking trades after trades, especially when the last few trades were losers.

Why does it happen?

Because our brains are hard-wired to avoid the danger in the now.

If a new trading opportunity arises, and if we are coming after a series of losses, then the brain comes up with many reasons why this trade won’t work.

And this act of the brain causes us to paralyze, and we end up not taking the trade. And usually, this trade will move as expected, creating more worry and disappointment for the trader.

Is there a way to overcome this problem?

Yes, there is a way. And it is the only path to overcome the problem. It lies in adopting a mindset called “each and every trade counts.”

Let’s take an example of a pregnant woman expecting a baby. We all know the pain woman goes through the whole nine months—lack of sleep, vomiting, tiredness, and so on.

Is there any way to avoid the pain?

There’s no way on earth to avoid it.

But rather, what do we do?

We understand that it is a part of the process and are well prepared to deal with it. In short, we adopt a mindset that “each and every month counts.” We are not looking to skip even a day despite the pain. We embrace it.

Similarly, a trader needs to embrace the mindset that “each and every trade counts” even if they encounter consecutive losses. Once the brain is trained to take “each and every trade opportunity,” what we’ll end up with is trading in the zone.

Now the question is how to keep on taking trades even if there are multiple losing trades. Won’t we end up losing the entire trading capital by trading this way?

For this, we have to understand the maths behind every successful trading method. Let’s figure it out with the help of an example.

Coin Toss Exercise

Consider I’ve given you a coin. We know that a coin has got only two sides. When we flip it, all we’re expecting is either a head or tail.

Let’s assume I will give you 20 times to “predict” the outcome of a coin toss. If the head comes, you win Rs.100; if the tail comes, you lose Rs.50.

Now given this scenario, how would you approach the game?

It’s simple logic.

Each and every time I flip the coin, you call “heads.” You knew that the odds of a coin turning up as a head are 50%. You’re not thinking about anything. You’re not overanalyzing things and not trying to “predict” the outcome.

Because you would have computed in your head like this.

“If there are 20 times the coin is tossed, there is a chance of 10 times the coin showing up head and ten times tail. If I lose ten times and win ten times, I’ll still make Rs.500 (Rs.1000 from wins – Rs.500 from loss) from a series of 20 coin tosses.”

Similarly, in trading, when you have a precise method that gives you winning trades 50% of the time and losing trades 50% of the time, and you make twice when you win – you inherently know that as long as you stick to the trading plan and take all the trading opportunities, after 20 trades, you will end up as a net profitable trader.

Let’s understand with a small math calculation.

(Assuming each winning trade gives us Rs.1000 and a losing trade takes away Rs.500 from our trading account).

10 trades winner = 10 * 1000 = Rs.10,000

10 trades loser = 10 * 500 = Rs.5,000

So the net gain is Rs.5000, made over a series of 20 trades.

You’re not guessing. You’re not predicting. You’re not wishing. You’re not hoping. You’re not praying.

Each and every time a trading opportunity comes as per your method, you just take the trade.

That people call “Trading in the Zone.”

You’ll be amazed at how trading becomes easy once you understand this simple concept of looking to profit over a series of trades.

All of this is fine. I understand the math and the game now. What should I do next?

Simple. First, you need to understand that making money in trading takes a series of trades based on fixed rules.

So, create a rule first. Both for entry and exit. It could be as simple as buying above the high of the first 15-minute bar or based on some trading patterns. The only criteria are to define the rule clearly. There should not be any confusion in your mind about identifying/spotting a trading opportunity based on your rules.

trading method

Allocate a small amount of money towards this exercise.

Let’s say Rs.10000 and divide it by 20 trades. So you will risk Rs.500 per trade.

If the entire 20 trades end up in a loss, you would have lost Rs.10,000 only, but in turn, what you are building within yourself is the most valuable skill. The ability to take a series of trades based on a rule, again and again.

Always remember, initially, your goal is not to make money. Your goal is to develop the mental skill of seeing trading as a game where you’re taking a series of trades based on your own trading rule.

What’s the one thing you can do today?

Learn to think in probability by allocating a small amount of money (which you are comfortable in losing all). And take 20 trades based on your trading method.

Later see what happens. You’ll slowly adopt the mindset and personality of a profitable trader.

About the author


Impact of the Prolactin Levels in Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Prolactin (PRL) plays a role in stimulating the mammary glands development, and its deregulation has been associated to the emergence of several types of tumors, including breast cancer. Breast cancer represents the most prevalent malignancy in women, and the second cause of death in several countries. This tumor can be arise due to several molecular alterations, among them PRL has been the object of increasing interest from researchers worldwide.

Objective: To assess the association between elevated levels of plasma prolactin and breast cancer development.

Methods: A total of 158 studies were found in search databases (48 from PubMed, 69 from Scopus, 88 from Cochrane, 25 from Embase and 10 retrieved from the gray literature) after removing duplicates. Of these, 104 studies were excluded after title and abstract reading, and 54 studies were then read in full, of which only 14 were selected for this review because they had evaluated the association between PRL and breast cancer. Meta-analysis was carried out using the relative risk (RR), mean and standard deviation, confidence interval (95% CI), and the total number of patients for each study. Fixed- and random-effect models were used as applicable and, for the analysis.

Results: The meta-analysis showed a positive association between elevated levels of PRL and breast cancer occurrence (RR 1.26; 95%CI 1.15-1.37). Additionally, the patient sub-group analyses showed a positive association between PRL and invasive breast cancer (1.42; 1.24-1.60), ER+/PR+ (1.49; 1.23-1.75), and post-menopausal status (1.29; 1.16-1.43).

Conclusion: The results showed a positive association between plasma prolactin levels and breast cancer, especially in women with ER+/PR + tumors, of post-menopausal age and those with invasive cancer.

Keywords: Prolactin; breast cancer; meta-analysis.


A Good Early Bavarian Carved & Painted Antler Mounted Stag Head Wall Trophy c.1800

Origin: Bavarian
Period: Late Eighteenth/Early Nineteenth Century
Provenance: Unknown
Date: c.1790-1830
Height: 22 inches
Width: 16 inches (antlers)
Depth: 14.5 inches
Width at Brackets: 7 inches (all at extremities)

The rare primitively modelled carved and painted stag head incorporating a pair of real antlers surviving from late eighteenth to early nineteenth century Bavaria.

The trophy is in fair to good condition. There is loss to one ear tip and one of the mounting brackets is later. The antlers a have a little movement to them but nothing of major concern. The whole has a pleasing un-cleaned, un-meddled with and unrestored feel to the whole with a nice patination and dry surface. He could be cleaned if so desired and he is ready to hang.

In former times, before the advent of taxidermy, which made it possible to "shoulder mount" antlers using the original head skin, it was the practice in Germany and Austria to mount the antlers on a carved wooden head and neck. If a stag has been shot by the owner of the land on which it has been killed, it was often the practice to place a root in the stags mouth to indicate that the stag had been shot by the person responsible for its keep. If however, the stag had been shot by a visitor, since he had not been responsible for its feeding, no such root would be included in the mouth (See "The Whitehead Encyclopaedia of Deer", page 202). This example would therefore suggest it had been shot by a visitor and could possibly be as old as mid eighteenth century, as it is rather difficult to date these with absolute certainty without further tests though it is most certainly pre 1850.

A splendid early example, and a decorative one at that.


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New study looks at the role of beta cells in triggering autoimmunity

Research into the causes of type 1 diabetes often focuses on the autoimmune response, where the immune system destroys pancreatic islet beta cells that produce insulin. A new study by scientists at the University of Chicago instead looks at the role of the beta cells themselves in triggering autoimmunity. The research also raises the possibility that new medications could block the immune system from destroying beta cells and prevent type 1 diabetes from developing in at risk or early onset patients.

The study, published today in Cell Reports, describes how the researchers used genetic tools to knock out or delete a gene called Alox15 in mice that are genetically predisposed to developing type 1 diabetes. This gene produces an enzyme called 12/15-Lipoxygenase, which is known to be involved in processes that produce inflammation in beta cells. Deleting Alox15 in these mice preserved their amount of beta cells, reduced the number of immune T cells infiltrating the islet environment, and prevented type 1 diabetes from developing in both males and females. These mice also showed increased expression of the gene encoding a protein called PD-L1 that suppresses autoimmunity.

The immune system doesn't just decide one day that it's going to attack your beta cells. Our thinking was that the beta cell itself has somehow fundamentally altered itself to invite that immunity."

Raghavendra Mirmira, MD, PhD, Senior Author, Professor of Medicine and Director of the Diabetes Translational Research Center at UChicago

"When we got rid of this gene, the beta cells no longer signaled to the immune system and the immune onslaught was completely suppressed, even though we didn't touch the immune system," he said. "That tells us that there is a complex dialogue between beta cells and immune cells, and if you intervene in that dialogue, you can prevent diabetes."

The study is the result of a long-term collaboration that began when Mirmira and several members of his lab were at Indiana University. Jerry Nadler, MD, Dean of the School of Medicine and Professor of Medicine and Pharmacology at New York Medical College discovered the role of the 12/15-Lipoxygenase enzyme, and Maureen Gannon, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Cell and Developmental Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics at Vanderbilt University, provided a strain of mice that was used in the study, which allowed for the knockout of the Alox15 gene when given the drug tamoxifen.

In 2012, Sarah Tersey, PhD, Research Associate Professor at UChicago and co-senior author of the new study, led a project that was among the first to suggest that the beta cell might be a central player in the development of type 1 diabetes.

"This allows us to understand the underlying mechanisms leading to the development of type 1 diabetes," Tersey said. "This has been a huge, changing part of the field where we focus more on the role of beta cells and not just autoimmunity."

The study also has interesting connections to cancer treatments that harness the immune system to fight tumors. Cancer cells often express the PD-L1 protein to suppress the immune system and evade the body's defenses. New drugs called checkpoint inhibitors target this protein, inhibiting or removing the PD-L1 "checkpoint" and unleashing the immune system to attack tumors. In the new study, increased PD-L1 in the knockout mice serves its intended purpose by preventing the immune system from attacking the beta cells.

In the new study, the researchers also tested a drug that inhibits the 12/15-Lipoxygenase enzyme on human beta cells. They saw that the drug, called ML355, increases levels of PD-L1, suggesting that it could interrupt the autoimmune response and prevent diabetes from developing. Ideally, it would be given to patients who are at high risk because of family history and show early signs of developing type 1 diabetes, or shortly after diagnosis before too much damage has been done to the pancreas. Mirmira and his team are taking the first steps to start clinical trials to test a possible treatment using ML355.

"This study certainly suggests that inhibiting the enzyme in humans can increase levels of PD-L1, which is very promising," Mirmira said. "With beta cell-targeted therapeutics, we believe that as long as the disease hasn't progressed to the point that there's massive destruction of beta cells, you can catch an individual before that process starts and prevent the disease progression altogether."

Journal reference:

Piñeros, A.R., et al. (2022) Proinflammatory signaling in islet β cells propagates invasion of pathogenic immune cells in autoimmune diabetes. Cell Reports.

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2.8 Contacts with the Courts

Public Prosecution Service of Canada Deskbook

March 1, 2014

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

The principle of judicial independence is a pillar of our justice system.Footnote 1 As a result, Crown counsel must be careful and sensitive when in contact with courts and judges. Counsel, moreover, must be aware of the implications of their unique functions and the concomitant importance of avoiding remarks that would give rise to a suggestion that they have attempted to influence improperly or pressure the judiciary. Most of the time, common sense and professional integrity will be a sufficient guide.

However, ambiguous and complex situations arise. When this occurs, it may be necessary to refer the matter to the Chief Federal Prosecutor (CFP) who will ensure that proper action, if any, is taken, including referring the matter to the Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP).

2. Objective

The purpose of this guideline is to help Public Prosecutions Service of Canada (PPSC) officials avoid situations that could give the impression that the PPSC or its prosecutors are improperly attempting to influence or exert pressure on the courts or judges. While all lawyers must be sensitive to the propriety of their contacts with the courts and their relationship with the judiciary, and are expected to act in accordance with their law society codes of conduct, Crown counsel and other PPSC employees, as representatives of the DPP, are in a unique position that requires particular caution in their dealings with the courts.

3. Guidelines

3.1. Business or personal relationships with judges and judicial officers

Crown counsel shall not appear before a judge or judicial officer when he or she has a business or personal relationship with that person that might reasonably be perceived to affect the impartiality of Crown counsel, the judge or the officer.

3.2. Improper attempts to influence a judge or judicial officer

Crown counsel shall not attempt, or knowingly allow anyone else to attempt, to influence the decisions or actions of a judge or judicial officer, directly or indirectly, except by legitimate means of open persuasion as an advocate.

3.3. Communicating with judges or judicial officers in contested matters

Crown counsel shall not communicate, directly or indirectly, with a judge or any judicial officer except

3.4. Meetings in relation to administrative matters

In discussing with judges, judicial officers, and other court officials matters of government policy that could affect the administration of the courts, Crown counsel shall conduct themselves so as to avoid any possible suggestion that they are improperly attempting to influence or exert pressure on the courts or individual judges in the exercise of their judicial functions.

3.5. Referral to the Chief Federal Prosecutors

Where there is doubt about whether a particular contact or action involving a judge or judicial officer is appropriate, counsel shall consult with the CFP.

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What is a Floating Floor: The Basics

Views: 331     Author: Site Editor     Publish Time: 2021-12-02      Origin: Site

If you’ve ever found yourself wondering “what is a floating floor?” You’re in the right place! This method of floor installation is great for DIY-ers and professionals alike.

Why? Floating floors are easy (and often cheaper) to install. They’re common with all types of flooring materials. They can even help to create environmentally friendly floors because they avoid harmful adhesives. And they have a ton of other benefits we’ll talk about further down.

So: keep reading for the answer to the “what is a floating floor” question. Plus, we’ll explain what types of flooring can be installed as floating floors, the advantages and disadvantages of this type of installation, and much more.

By the end, you’ll know whether floating floors are right for you!

First of All: What is a Floating Floor?

So, what is a floating floor, exactly?

First and foremost, the term “floating floor” refers to an installation style rather than a specific product. In other words, almost any type of flooring material can be installed as a floating floor, with a few exceptions.

Now, you might be inclined to think that floating floors literally float. But as cool as that would be, floating floors simply rest atop your subflooring. There’s no need to nail or glue them down.

How Are Floating Floors Held in Place?

You can glue floating floors down. But most of the time, they’re held down by the all-powerful forces of friction and gravity.

Basically, to understand what a floating floor is, you need to understand click-together flooring. Click-together or “snap-lock” floor planks are attached to each other via tightly-fitting interlocking grooves or rivets. Think of them like a high-tech jigsaw puzzle.

When an entire floor of click-together planks is snapped together, the weight of the resulting surface—plus the friction of the connections—keeps the floor in place.

And voila! It “floats” above the subfloor.

This makes floating floors some of the easiest floors to install because you can simply snap them together.

And of course, if you do happen to make a mistake, there’s no need to rip out nails or staples in frustration. Just unsnap them and try again!

Floating Floors vs. Non-Floating Floors: What Are the Differences?

Since many types of flooring come in both floating and non-floating varieties, the only big difference is how they’re installed.

l Nail-down floors are (gasp!) nailed to a subfloor or underlayment. And while that might give them some advantages, they are harder to install and remove.

l Staple-down floors are put in similarly, but are usually reserved for lighter floors like vinyl or soft(er) hardwoods.

l Glue-down floors use adhesives (sometimes containing harmful chemicals) to attach the floor to the subflooring.

So to recap: what is a floating floor? It’s a style of floor installation that doesn’t rely on a fastener (glue, nails, etc.) to attach it to the subfloor. Only gravity and friction!

Luxury Vinyl Plank

Luxury vinyl plank, or LVP, is another good floating option. In fact, almost all LVP products can be floated. (Quick note: “LVT” or “luxury vinyl tile” is essentially the same thing as LVP).

If you look into the differences between vinyl plank vs. laminate, you’ll find that they have a similar design structure. LVP is just composed primarily of vinyl instead of multiple materials.

This makes LVP a better option for hard-wearing applications like mudroom flooring because it tends to be a little more robust. And while there are some vinyl plank flooring disadvantages, it is almost always waterproof—thanks, in no small part, to its click-together floating installation!

How Long Do Floating Floors Last?

Hint: it depends on the type!

There are lots of elements to discuss when answering the “what is a floating floor” question. But it’s important to remember that floating floors are a style of installation. So, the lifespan of a floating floor depends almost entirely on the material it’s made of.

The only element to note here is that floating floors can be more prone to wearing down (compared to traditionally-installed floors) if they’re installed over an uneven, unsuitable, or damaged underlayment. But if installed correctly, that’s not a problem!

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Room temperature negative differential resistance in DNA-based molecular devices

  title={Room temperature negative differential resistance in DNA-based molecular devices},
  author={Peng-Chung JangJian and Tzeng-Feng Liu and Mei Yi Li and Ming Shih Tsai and Chia-Ching Chang},
  journal={Applied Physics Letters},
A molecular device fabricated from metallic deoxyribonucleic acid (M-DNA) exhibits a negative differential resistance (NDR) behavior. When two gold electrodes were connected by Ni2+-chelated DNA, which was converted from λ-DNA, not only was the conductivity of DNA improved, but a NDR device was formed as a full cyclic voltage sweep was applied to measure its current versus voltage characteristics at room temperature and in an ambient environment. Such electronic characteristics of a M-DNA…

Figures from this paper

The fabrication and application of Ni-DNA nanowire-based nanoelectronic devices
DNA is a self-assembled, double stranded natural molecule that can chelate and align nickel ions between its base pairs. The fabrication of a DNA-guided nickel ion chain (Ni-DNA) device was
DNA Nanowires: A Charge Transfer Approach
Conductivity properties of DNA molecule is investigated in a simple, but chemically specific approach that is intimately related to the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model. This model is a tight-binding
Programmable redox state of the nickel ion chain in DNA.
The ratio of low and high oxidation states of Ni ions in Ni-DNA represents a programmable multistate memory system with an added capacitive component, in which multistates information can be written, read, and erased.
Multifractal Analysis of a DNA Based Molecular Transistor
The aim is choosing the most appropriate parameters such as DNA sequence for creating the most efficient DNA transistor by using the multifractal analysis to choose the best sequence for electrical transport.
DNA-based nanowires and nanodevices
Abstract DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a highly versatile biopolymer that has been a recent focus in the field of nanomachines and nanoelectronics. DNA exhibits many properties, such as high
Negative differential resistance in ZnO coated peptide nanotube
The results suggest that the NDR is due to protonic conduction arising from water molecule redox reaction on the surface of ZnO coated peptide nanotubes rather than the conventional resonant tunneling mechanism.
Controllable negative differential resistance on charge transport through strained and tilted DNA molecules
A double-stranded DNA molecule subject to a perpendicular gating electric field and a small mechanical strain exhibits a negative differential resistance (NDR) in its current–voltage (I–V)
Observation of negative differential resistance in mesoscopic graphene oxide devices
With this precise control of carbon-oxygen ratio, negative differential resistance (NDR) is observed in the current-voltage characteristics of a two-terminal device in the ambient environment due to charge-activated electrochemical reactions at the GO surface.

Metallic conduction through engineered DNA: DNA nanoelectronic building blocks.
The first direct evidence of metalliclike conduction through 15 microm long M-DNA is reported, which points to a new degree of freedom in the development of future molecular electronics utilizing DNA, such as creating all-DNA junction devices for use as nanoelectronic building blocks.
Ni2+ doping DNA: a semiconducting biopolymer
UV spectroscopy and DNA base pair mismatch analyses show that the conducting mechanism of Ni-DNA is due to electrons hopping through the π–π stacking of DNA base pairs, and this biomaterial is a designable one-dimensional semiconducting polymer for usage in nanodevices.
Direct measurement of electrical transport through DNA molecules
Measurements of electrical transport through individual 10.4-nm-long, double-stranded poly(G)-poly(C) DNA molecules connected to two metal nanoelectrodes that indicate, by contrast, large-bandgap semiconducting behaviour are presented.
Comparative current–voltage characteristics of nicked and repaired λ-DNA
Current-voltage characteristics obtained at room temperature on λ-DNA molecules, modified at both ends with disulfide groups and spanning Au electrodes, show a close-to-linear current–voltage characteristic, and a dc conductivity estimated at ∼1×10−3 S cm−1.
DNA-templated assembly and electrode attachment of a conducting silver wire
A two-step procedure that may allow the application of DNA to the construction of functional circuits and confirms that the recognition capabilities of DNA can be exploited for the targeted attachment of functional wires.
A field-effect transistor from M-DNA
M-DNA can be considered as a linear array of metal ions separated by about 4 Å. The increased conductivity of M-DNA is attributed to the similar site energies for all base pairs allowing fast
Large On-Off Ratios and Negative Differential Resistance in a Molecular Electronic Device.
A molecule containing a nitroamine redox center was used in the active self-assembled monolayer in an electronic device that exhibited negative differential resistance and an on-off peak-to-valley ratio in excess of 1000:1.
Charge storage model for hysteretic negative-differential resistance in metal-molecule-metal junctions
Experimental results on the electrical characteristics of Hg-alkanethiol∕arenethiol-Au molecular junctions are used to develop a physical model for the hysteretic negative-differential resistance
Electrical characterization of DNA in mechanically controlled break-junctions
Electrical characterization of DNA molecules using the mechanically controlled break-junction technique is presented, finding that only a small number of molecules are contacted in each measurement.


Diary of a Wimpy Kid Lesson Plans

Diary of a Wimpy Kid, a realistic fiction novel, humorously describes the troubles of being in middle school and trying to fit in with integrated text and drawings. This is the first book in the immensely popular Diary of a Wimpy Kid series.

Student Activities for Diary of a Wimpy Kid

Brief Diary of a Wimpy Kid Summary

Greg Heffley relays his thoughts and experiences through his “diary”, which he explains from the very beginning is supposed to be a journal - carrying around a diary is just asking to get beat up. Greg introduces his parents, his younger brother Manny, who is treated like a prince, and his mean older brother, Rodrick. Greg also describes his friendship with his nerdy and socially clueless friend Rowley.

Greg tries numerous ploys to increase his popularity, including running for class treasurer, lifting weights to be better at wrestling, taking up a job as Safety Patrol, and pretending to have an infection in his hand. Each attempt is a humorous failure, although Greg doesn’t seem to realize where he goes wrong.

Greg eventually has a falling-out with Rowley; Greg torments the kindergartners with worms and lets Rowley take the fall. Greg attempts to befriend Rowley again without a sincere apology and Rowley moves on, hanging out with a new friend and leaving Greg to hang out with Fregley, a strange classmate.

Rowley gains popularity through his “Zoo-Wee Mama” comics and Greg feels like he is owed some of the recognition. Greg approaches him after school and some bystanders encourage them to fight. Before either one of the boys make a move, teenagers arrive and force Rowley to eat The Cheese: a slice of cheese that has been sitting on the blacktop for months. Rowley may have been the one to eat The Cheese, but Greg suffers from The Cheese Touch.

Essential Questions for Diary of a Wimpy Kid

  1. Explain the effectiveness of the drawings throughout the novel.
  2. Is Greg Heffley a realistic character? Why or why not?
  3. Is Greg a good friend? Why or why not?

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John Schul Burton '95

John Schul Burton '95John Burton attributes much of his success in the field of law to what he learned about human behavior while majoring in psychology at Virginia Wesleyan University. A practicing attorney in Hampton Roads focusing on estate planning, elder law and business succession planning, John completed his law degree at Regent University School of Law. He is a member of the Hampton Roads Estate Planning Council, the Virginia Trusts and Estates Section, and the National Academy of Elder Law Attorneys.

An affiliate of the Hampton Roads Citizens' Committee to Protect the Elderly and a founding member of the Hampton Roads Hospice Alliance, John serves on the Virginia Wesleyan University President's Advisory Council. He is a native of Virginia Beach where he now lives with his wife Adriana (Clare) Burton '94 and their two boys, ages 6 and 8.

My time at Virginia Wesleyan was and is still an integral part of who I am today. I use my skills in psychology some days more that I use the law. Virginia Wesleyan's clinical and strenuous psychology program has really helped me with many of the psychologically complex and emotionally laden areas that make up fields of elder law and estate planning. In addition, Virginia Wesleyan's emphasis on writing well really prepared me for the rigors of law school which has now translated into drafting a multitude of legal agreements and related court documents on a daily basis.

What are some of your favorite memories of friends, professors, or mentors at VWU?

I just have a great overall memory of how personally attentive all my teachers were in wanting me to succeed.

How are Wesleyan alumni different from other college graduates?

In my experience, alumni from Virginia Wesleyan tend to be successful in their own fields of endeavor. In addition, I am amazed how many give back to their community.


Topic: art exhibition critique and review: Italian Masterpieces from Spain’s royal Court at NGV – part A (critical review)and Part B (review artworks online following guidelines)

Order Description

Assessment task: Art exhibition critique and review
this assessment task has two components: section A and Section B. students are to find one art review and critique published in a newspaper or journal. word count is 1650 words. 750 words for each section (A and B) the review had to be a current art exhibition taking place right now in melbourne. choose to do the assignment on the ITALIAN MASTERPIECES FROM SPAINS ROYAL COURT AT NGV (NATIONAL GALLERY OF VICTORIA)

Section A: in an essay format, 750 words

1. supply an original review (attached)
2. Discuss the reviews of the exhibition, its findings and highlight the key analysis and any emotive or subjective words or phrases. what is there agenda?
3. what argument is the art critique making in the review and what evidence is provided?
4. do you agree or disagree with the reviewers findings, discuss.
5. you may use extra references for this section if you wish!

section B

from viewing the artwork on line you are to review the works yourself. 750 words

1. minimum of 7 references (harvard). you are to view the artworks online included pictures of reviewed artworks please at the end of essay.

for part B (review of the artworks)you must consider the following steps required to “read” an artwork

*name of the artist who created the artwork
*what kind of artwork is it (photo, sculpture??)
*Title of the artwork?
*when was the artwork created?
*name some of the major events in history that took part at the same time as when this artwork was created… the historical context
*list the literal objects in the painting.(animals, mountains, trees)
*consider the significant art elements that are present in the artwork and describe them…….

Consider the most significant art principles that were used in the artwork. describe how the artist used them to organise the elements.

why do you think the artist created this work?
what do you think it means? what feelings do you have when you look at this artwork? do you think there are things in the artwork that represent other things/symbols?
is it successful at communicating what it is suppose to/

do you like this artwork? do you think it is a good artwotk? do you think it is an important artwork?
Explain why you feel the way you do, based on what you have learned about it.

Aesthetics and Art Criticism Art Review and Critique
NGV’s Italian Masterpieces: martyrs, gladiators, tourists and spectacle
by Mark Holsworth

May 16, 2014
Seven rooms of magnificent paintings by Italian Old Masters from the 16th to 18th centuries make up the National Gallery of Victoria’s  exhibition, Italian Masterpieces From Spain’s Royal Court, Museo Del Prado. Some of the rooms in the St Kilda Road Melbourne gallery have themes; still life, ancient Rome and religious art. The exhibition is nothing like visiting the Prado in Madrid; the paintings are more sparsely hung, more obviously curated, and there

are more works on paper on display that are well worth seeing for looking at how the artists sketched out their ideas.
Guido Reni
Italian 1575–1642 Saint Sebastian (San Sebastiano) 1615–20 oil on canvas 170.5 x 133.0 cm (Detail).
Two works seemed to sum up so much about the collection: Guido Reni’s Saint Sebastian, 1615-20, which clearly shows the influence of Caravaggio; and Jusepe de Ribera’s Women gladiators fighting, 1636. I like Ribera’s paintings but not when he is portraying cruelty, which he is in this painting and in his martyrdom of Saint Lawrence (there is another painting on this subject in the exhibition by Valentin de Boulogne). Ribera’s reality is touching, shown vividly in his Allegory of Touch; his cruelty is too touching.

Jusepe de Ribera
Spanish c.1591–1652, worked in Italy c.1611–1652 Women gladiators fighting (Donne gladiatori combattenti) 1636
oil on canvas 235.0 x 212.0 cm (Detail).
The cruelty in these works is enough to make you step back and ask yourself why are you looking? Is it because it is very well painted? Why has the sacred blood in Christian iconography and archaic Roman funerary rites has become the subject of art?
The sensationalised suffering of martyrs and gladiators from the Prado’s collection now serve slightly different propaganda model for a different empire. Italian Masterpieces From Spain’s Royal Court, Museo Del Prado is part of the NGV’s very successful Melbourne

Winter Masterpieces series of exhibitions. The income from religious tourists that once made the relics of martyrs a good investment for a city has been updated; importing exhibitions of Italian masterpieces is a good investment for Melbourne.
At the media preview for the exhibition yesterday the Victorian Minister for the Arts, Heidi Victoria, demonstrated her art history education (boasting that the NGV had a better Tiepolo – its Banquet of Cleopatra), but also spoke about the economic impact of the Winter Masterpiece series.
The NGV, the Australian Centre for the Moving Image and the Melbourne Museum attract 4.3 million visitors a year. A total of $360 million is brought in to the state as Melbourne’s inner city hotels, restaurants and bars all share in the profit of being in a city with an event and spectacle-based economy.
What could be more spectacular event than the Italian Masters from Spain’s Royal Court? The very names of Raphael, Titian and Tiepolo are, in themselves, a spectacle. The art of the 16th to 18th centuries was about the spectacular; the technique, composition, subject matter, colours, and  size. Even the cruelty portrayed are all created to be magnificent, impressive, spectacular.
The institution of the public art gallery is an invention of the nation state; a spectacle created to suit the needs of the state. The decoupling of painting and sculpture from religious and royal propaganda functions that occurred in France after its revolution and gave birth to public collection of the Louvre only happened in France.
In Spain there was no such divorce. The great royal collection of the Prado was just that – a royal collection- and very much the collection of one man, Philip IV of Spain. It included many family portraits and many of the artists he loved. The old accession numbers written on the left-hand side of the painting in red or white paint are still clearly visible and show that the collection is about ownership.
The art of the Italian Masters and the spectacle of the royal bling of the Spanish empire is still relevant to the NGV. This collection from the Prado now in Melbourne is a kind of public relations or marketing that Mazda, the principal sponsor of the exhibition, is proud to be associated with. To build on this association there were two new Mazdas parked in front of the famous water wall at the NGV’s entrance yesterday.
It is hard to know if the Italian masters themselves would be disappointed or pleased that Spain is now close to bankrupt, that the Catholic church is morally bankrupt, and their paintings are being shown on a continent that, to them, was mere geographical speculation. Or would they simply move on to a patron with more money?
Italian Masterpieces From Spain’s Royal Court, Museo Del Prado is the NGV International in Melbourne until August 31. Main image: Viviano Codazzi, Italian c.1606–1670 and Domenico Gargiulo (Micco Spadaro) Italian c.1609/10–c.1675  Perspectival view of a Roman amphitheatre (Vista prospettica di un anfiteatro romano) c.1638 oil on canvas 220.5 x 352.7 cm (Detail).

Assessment Task 2: Art Exhibition Critique and Review – Part a and B

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How Do Lotteries Work?

A lotto is a game of chance in which a number is drawn for a prize. Some governments outlaw lotteries while others endorse them and regulate them. This article will explain how lotteries work and the prize payout. If you’d like to start playing, read on for some helpful information. The article will cover:

Overview of lottery

The lottery is an extremely popular form of gambling. The lottery is used for a variety of purposes, including selecting housing units and kindergarten placements, winning big cash prizes, and even picking players for the NBA draft. Some of the most popular types of lottery include instant games, numbers games, and sports lotteries. The prizes awarded depend on the winning numbers or symbols and combinations of symbols. Others can be instant or require a wager, allowing for winners to win immediately.

The word lottery has its origins in ancient China and has become synonymous with lottery gambling. It first appeared in ancient Chinese literature around 1200 BC. The word originally meant “a share of something,” and was later used to describe a wood chip with a person’s name on it. Ancient Romans also used a lottery to distribute gifts at festivals, such as Saturnalia. The word lottery was later adopted by other languages. Today, it’s used for government projects and nonprofit institutions.

Game of chance

Lotteries have been around for centuries. Lottery games distribute prizes and money among participants. Tickets sold by individuals make up the “pool” of prizes and money. To win, you must match the numbers on your ticket with the ones drawn during the drawing. If you are lucky enough to be the winner, you will receive a check for the total prize pool. But, how do lotteries work? Let’s look at some basic rules.

Prize payout

It is possible to win a large amount of money by playing the lottery. In fact, many people have become millionaires from winning the lottery. While the amount of prizes vary from state to state, the lottery is the most popular way for people to win. While winning a large amount of money is certainly great, it is also possible to lose a lot of money. Fortunately, there are some tips that can help you maximize your chances of winning.

A lottery scam is an advance fee fraud. It all starts with a sudden notification that you won a big prize. You’re shocked and don’t know what to do. However, a lottery scam is far more serious than that. Here are some warning signs that you may be a victim of one of these scams. Hopefully, you’ll learn from these tips. Once you’ve discovered these signs, you can protect yourself and your family from these scams.

Social impact

While the social impact of lottery winnings has been the subject of debate for decades, some have argued that the effects can be immediate, while others have questioned whether the effect will last for years. For example, a study by Winkelmann and colleagues found that a person’s financial satisfaction was positively correlated with winning the lottery three years after it was drawn. This study suggests that lottery winnings can foster feelings of deservingness, which may be an innate trait or can be acquired with effort.


State Department assesses worldwide human rights

The US Department of State has issued its assessment of human rights by country for 2006.

At a glance it appears to be a non-politicized report, pointing out abuses by “friendly” nations as well as hostile ones. I appreciate that each country’s report includes a detailed assessment of workers’ rights.

If anyone is familiar with the human rights situation in a specific country, and thinks the State Department got something wrong, I’d be interested to know about it.


What Was The Importance Of The Phoenician Alphabet?

They standardized an alphabet of major sounds and developed one of the most efficient and easy-to-use written languages in the world at that time.

Table of Contents

Why was the alphabet important to the Phoenician traders?

Alphabet Soup

These early scripts were primarily used by merchants and traders to record contracts, receipts, and lists of goods. The merchants and traders of Phoenicia wanted something that would not be too difficult to learn and would be quick and easy to use.

Why was the first alphabet important?

This Proto-Sinaitic script is often considered the first alphabetic writing system, where unique symbols stood for single consonants (vowels were omitted). … Many scholars believe it was this addition—which allowed text to be read and pronounced without ambiguity—that marked the creation of the first “true” alphabet.

What is the importance of the Phoenician alphabet quizlet?

What was one important advantage of the Phoenician alphabet? It forms the basis of the English alphabet. Each letter stood for one sound. It was simple and easier to learn so more people could write which simplified trade between people who spoke different languages.

What did the Phoenicians write their language on?

Why is the alphabet important?

Why did the Phoenician alphabet spread to other cultures?

Spread and adaptations

Another reason for its success was the maritime trading culture of Phoenician merchants, which spread the alphabet into parts of North Africa and Southern Europe.

Did the Phoenicians create the alphabet?

Why was the development of a written alphabet important?

Writing and the Alphabet was originally used for recorded history and events and communications between one another. From 3100 B.C they invented the alphabet to keep records of the events that happened during their era. Before the greek symbols were made they used hieroglyphics.

Why did the Phoenicians alphabet make writing easier than cuneiform?

The Phoenicians looked to the sea to increase profits by sailing all over the Mediterranean to trade with neighboring settlers. … The Phoenician alphabet was easier to learn than cuneiform, allowing more people to be able to write and simplified trade with people who spoke different languages.

How was the Phoenician alphabet similar to the alphabet we use today?

Phoenician writing was read from right to left like Hebrew and Arab, but the opposite direction of English. The major difference between the 22-letter Phoenician alphabet and the one we use today is that the Phoenician alphabet had no vowels. Its genius was its simplicity.

How did the Phoenician alphabet differ from cuneiform?

The Phoenician alphabet was an actual alphabet, consisting of less than two dozen letters, where each letter represented a single sound. Cuneiform consists of around 800 symbols, most of which represent either an entire word or a single syllable.

What are some features of the Phoenician alphabet?

  • Type of writing system: abjad / consonant alphabet with no vowel indication.
  • Writing direction: right to left in hortizontal lines. …
  • Script family: Proto-Sinaitic, Phoenician.
  • Number of letters: 22 – there was considerable variation in their forms in different regions and at different times.

What language did the Phoenicians speak is it still used today?

Language family Afro-Asiatic Semitic West Semitic Central Semitic Northwest Semitic Canaanite Phoenician
Writing system Phoenician alphabet
Language codes
ISO 639-2 phn

Why is it important to learn the Spanish alphabet?

Having a proper understanding of each Spanish tradition might open a number of important doors, as you practically show appreciation for other cultures and not only for yours. … Once they learn the alphabet, they will be able to pronounce all words correctly and go to the next level of learning Spanish language.

Is it important to learn the alphabet in order?

Researching ABC Order

That year I did some research and discovered that yes, it is important that students learn and practice how to alphabetize. And not just for the sake of putting words in ABC order.

What was the most important reason for Assyria’s military successes?

What events gave Phoenician civilization a chance to expand?

The only obvious opportunity for expansion and economic gain was by sea; and over the centuries the Phoenician trading posts and colonies spread west across the Mediterranean. The largest and most prosperous of all the Phoenician-founded city-states was Carthage (in present-day Tunisia).

What was the major Phoenician innovation in writing?

Perhaps the most significant contribution of the Phoenicians was an alphabetic writing system that became the root of the Western alphabets when the Greeks adopted it.

How has the alphabet impacted the world?

It has influenced the development of our thought patterns, our social institutions, and our very sense of ourselves. The alphabet, as we shall discover, has contributed to the development of codified law, monotheism, abstract science, deductive logic, and individualism, each a unique contribution of Western thought.

How were the Phoenician and Greek writing systems similar?

The Phoenicians had a writing system similar to those used by other Semitic-speaking peoples of the Levant. … By using individual symbols to represent vowels and consonants, the Greeks created a writing system that could, for the first time, represent speech in an unambiguous manner.

What were the Phoenicians known for?

The Phoenicians are perhaps best known for creating the first alphabet, which influenced writing systems everywhere. … Though the Phoenician people didn’t form a powerful empire, they were still incredibly influential. As master seafarers and traders, they created a robust network across and beyond the Mediterranean Sea.

How did the Phoenician glass trade impact the Mediterranean region?

How did the Phoenician glass trade impact the Mediterranean region? It supplied a growing tradition of glass blowing across the region. It led to conflict for the Phoenicians due to the wealth they earned. It caused the Egyptians to stop producing glass from sand in the Nile Delta.

Why did the Phoenicians need to develop an alphabet and not continue with a picture writing?

When the Phoenicians began using the alphabet as a simple and easy way to keep track of their trades, it was exposed to everyone. And since money and wealth were involved, people were highly motivated to learn the system and make sure it was being accurately written down.

Which important city was originally a Phoenician colony in North Africa?

Tunisia. Utica was the oldest Phoenician colony in what is now Tunisia and — after the passing of Carthage — it regained its position as the leading city of the region. In total magnitude and splendor, however, Carthage rightly was known as the greatest Phoenician city in this land.

Why did the Phoenicians establish Carthage?

The Phoenicians chose Carthage because it was located in the center of North Africa, a short distance away from Sicily and the Italian Peninsula. When the Assyrians and the Persians conquered the original homeland of the Phoenicians, Carthage became an independent state.

Do we know the Phoenician language?

The first alphabet in the Mediterranean is the root of the languages we now speak, and Phoenician epigraphical remains are still found nowadays as well as cultural traces.

What is Carthage famous for?

Its name means “new city” or “new town.” Before the rise of ancient Rome, Carthage was the most powerful city in the region because of its proximity to trade routes and its impressive harbor on the Mediterranean. At the height of its power, Carthage was the center of the Phoenician trade network.

What language did ancient Carthage speak?

relation to Phoenician language

What is the connection between the Phoenicians and colonies?

Phoenician colonies

The Phoenicians were the major trading power in the Mediterranean in the early part of the first millennium BC. They had trading contacts in Egypt and Greece, and established colonies as far west as modern Spain, at Gadir (modern Cádiz), and modern Morocco, at Tingis and Mogador.

Did the Phoenician alphabet have vowels?

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Where do you want to go birding today?

Caribbean - Country Birding Statistics Comparison

Caribbean Endemics/Specialities List

Caribbean Print Resources

...Anguilla ...Cayman Islands ...Martinique
...Antigua  ...Cuba ...Montserrat
...Aruba ...Curacao ...Puerto Rico
...Bahamas ...Dominican Republic ...Saint Lucia
...Barbados ...Dominica ...St. Kitts/ St.Nevis
...Bermuda ...Grenada  ...St. Vincent/Grenadines
...Bonaire ...Guadeloupe ...Trinidad/Tobago
...British Virgin Islands ...Haiti  ...Turks and Caicos
...Jamaica ...US Virgin Islands

For more information about neotropical birding, see the Neotropical Bird Club
and the Society for the Conservation and Study of Caribbean Birds

For enjoyable discussion about Caribbean Birding, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/natucaribeendigital/

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Caribbean Endemics/Specialities

In addition to the endemics for the various countries, the following table identifies species that
cannot found outside the Caribbean area except as a rare vagrant. Information was derived from
Sibley & Monroe checklists in Thayer's Birder's Diary - Version 2.02.
Species printed in red are extinct. Species printed in blue are endangered.
Caribbean Specialities

___ Antillean Crested
___ Hummingbird
___ Antillean Mango
___ Antillean Nighthawk
___ Antillean Palm Swift
___ Antillian Wren
___ Bahama Swallow
___ Blue-headed Hummingbird
___ Blue-headed Quail-Dove
___ Bridled Quail-Dove
___ Brown Trembler
___ Cuban Bullfinch
___ Cuban Crow
___ Cuban Emerald
___ Cuban (Greater Antillean)
___ Pewee
___ Cuban Parrot
___ Fernandina's Flicker
___ Forest Thrush
___ Golden Swallow
___ Great Lizard-Cuckoo
___ Greater Antillean Bullfinch
___ Greater Antillean Elaenia
___ Greater Antillean Flycatcher
___ Greater Antillean Grackle
___ Greater Antillean Nightjar
___ Grey Trembler
___ Grey-headed Quail-Dove
___ Hispaniolan Parakeet
___ Hispaniolan Parrot
___ Key-West Quail-Dove
___ LaSagra's Flycatcher
___ Lesser Antillean Bullfinch
___ Lesser Antillean Flycatcher
___ Lesser Antillean Pewee
___ Lesser Antillean Swift
___ Lesser Antillean Tanager
___ Loggerhead Kingbird
___ Martinique Oriole
___ Olive-capped Warbler
___ Palm Crow
___ Palmchat
___ Plain Pigeon
___ Plumbeous Warbler
___ Puerto Rican Flycatcher
___ Puerto Rican Screech-Owl
___ Puerto Rican Woodpecker
___ Purple-throated Carib
___ Red-legged Thrush
___ Rufous-throated Solitaire
___ Scaly-breasted Thrasher
___ Scaly-naped Pigeon
___ Sempler's Warbler
___ St. Lucia Black-Finch
___ St. Lucia Oriole
___ St. Lucia Parrot
___ Stolid Flycatcher
___ Stripe-headed Tanager
___ Tawny-Shouldered Blackbird
___ Vervain Hummingbird
___ West Indian Whistling Duck
___ West Indian Woodpecker
___ White-breasted Thrasher
___ White-necked Crow

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Endangered Birds in the Caribbean
(endemics are printed in bold italic)

Breeding Birds

Non-breeding Birds
___ Bachman's Warbler
___ Bahamas Swallow
___ Bay-breasted Cuckoo
___ Black-billed Parrot
___ Black-capped Petrel
___ Blue-headed Quail-Dove
___ Chat Tanager
___ Cuban Parakeet
___ Cuban Parrot
___ Fernandina's Flicker
___ Giant Kingbird
___ Grenada Dove
___ Grundlach's Hawk
___ Hispaniolan Parakeet
___ Imperial Parrot
___ Jamaican Petrel
___ La Selle Thrush
___ Plain Pigeon
___ Red Siskin
___ Red-necked Parrot
___ Ridgeway's Hawk
___ Ring-tailed Pigeon
___ Sempler's Warbler
___ St. Lucia Parrot
___ St. Vincent Parrot
___ Trinidad Piping-Guan
___ West Indian Whistling-Duck
___ Whistling Warbler
___ White-necked Crow
___ White-tailed Sabrewing
___ White-breasted Thrasher
___ White-winged Warbler
___ Yellow-shouldered Parrot
___ Zapata Rail
___ Zapata (Cuban) Sparrow
___ Zapata Wren
___ Piping Plover
___ Kirtland's Warbler

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Print and Other Resources

on Caribbean Birds and Birding

AMAZON.COM is the registered trademark of Amazon.com, Inc.
    ....A Guide to the Birds of the West Indies - by Herbert A. Raffaele
      (Editor) Hardcover - 512 pages (June 1998) This is the first comprehensive field guide to the birds of the West Indies to appear in more than fifty years. It covers all 564 bird species known to occur in the region (including migrants and infrequently occurring forms). Each species is represented by a full description that includes identification field marks, local names, status, habitat, voice, nesting, range, and comments about the bird. A map showing the bird's distribution accompanies each species account. Plumages of all species are depicted in eighty-six beautifully rendered color plates.
    ....A Field Guide to Birds of the West Indies (The Peterson Field Guide) -
      by James Bond, Don R. Eckelberry, Arthur B. Singer. Paperback - 256 pages 5th edition (September 1993).
    ....A Birder's West Indies : An Island-By-Island Tour (The Corrie Herring
      Hooks Series ; No. 30) - by Roland H. Wauer, Mimi Hoppe Wolf (Illustrator), Bradford C. Northrup. Paperback (June 1996).
    ....Neorniothes - Living Birds of the World - A Data Bank of the living
      and known birds of the world, structured according to the conventional classification system. It enables the retrieval of a wide range of information  from the taxonomic hierarchy: Order, Family, Genus, Specie and Subspecie, and makes provision for retrieval other classifications such as common names (English and Italian),   geographical distribution of species and subspecies, the taxonomic notes and the european species and the world numbers (w.n.) according to the numerical system used by the American Ornithologist Union.

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