Bernhard Schimpelsberger

Award: Transmission Fund

Year: 2020

Genre: World

Instrument/voice type: Percussion

Location: London

Bernhard Schimpelsberger composes genre - defying music that features a unique palette of percussion instruments from all around the world.
Bernhard grew up in Austria, deeply rooted in Jazz and Western classical music, but it was his studies in India that shaped his innovative approach to rhythm and music.
Inspired by his countless travels, he explores rhythm as a universal language which creates cinematic textures that are in high by artists across many genres. His original compositions have been commissioned for the Beethovenfest Bonn (2018), the opening ceremony of the Rowing World Cup Championships (2019) or Norrdans Sweden (2017) to name a few. He also regularly scores for contemporary dance and art galleries. Amongst his previous musical collaborators are Anoushka Shankar (sitar), Akram Khan (dance), Nitin Sawhney (music) or Gwilym Simcock (Piano).
Help musicians supported me on study trip to Brazil. With their help I could travel to Salvador and take classes with the master drummers of the Candomble tradition.Being right at the centre of Afro- Brazilian rhythm I could expand my knowledge of rhythm as a universal language.I am grateful for the their generous support.


Smalltalk User Guide : Packaging, unloading, and analyzing code : Analyzing the runtime performance of code
Analyzing the runtime performance of code
The development environment has tools that evaluate how long it takes code to run. These tools help you find bottlenecks in your applications.
To determine quickly how long it takes your code to run, you can use the method millisecondsToRun: contained in the class Time.
For an in-depth profile of the runtime performance of your code, you can use a Benchmark Workshop (also called the Stats tool). The Stats tool generates profiles that specify what percent of run time is spent on each executable part of the code.
The team development environment also has a Memory Monitor that displays the number and percent of bytes that your system allocates. You use a Memory Monitor to estimate the amount of memory that a system needs to run your code.
To use the Stats tool and Memory Monitor, first load the configuration map ENVY/Stats.
Last modified date: 01/29/2015


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Learning Math: Data Analysis, Statistics, and Probability

Random Sampling and Estimation Part B: Selecting the Sample (30 minutes)

In This Part: Fair Sampling
You may have noticed that your estimates for the total penguin population vary quite a bit based on both the sample size and which sub-regions were sampled. The decision about how to select a sample, accordingly, is a critical one in statistics. It is important that each part of the population be treated fairly. If you are fair in the selection, then you should obtain a representative sample and thus a more fair estimation procedure.

In earlier sessions, you looked at notions of fairness and randomness and noticed that people have a difficult time being fair or random. So what methods can you use to accomplish fair sampling? See Note 4 below.

Problem B1
How might you select 10 sub-regions from the 100 total sub-regions so that you would be most likely to have a “representative” sample for estimating the size of the penguin population in the entire region? You can use the empty chart below to explore your ideas.

 To select 10 sub-regions from the 100 total sub-regions in a “fair” way requires that each of the 100 sub-regions has the same chance of being selected. You can accomplish this with random selection. How might you select 10 sub-regions in a random fashion?

Video Segment
In this video segment, groups of participants devise methods for collecting a random sample of penguins. Watch this segment after you have completed Problem B1 and compare your method with that of the onscreen participants. Do these methods ensure that the samples will be random?

In This Part: A Fair Sampling Method
There are many different ways to randomly select 10 sub-regions. Many of these methods involve initially numbering the 100 sub-regions. In this section, we will use the numbering system below, which numbers the sub-regions from 00 through 99:

Locating number positions is easier if we put digits on the outside borders as shown. Each number in the grid corresponds to a red and blue number combination; the red number is the first digit, and the blue number is the second digit:

Problem B2
Think of a way to pick 10 numbers between 00 and 99 at random. (You may prefer to select each digit individually, or to select the entire two-digit number at once.) Then use your method to generate the 10 random numbers.

 You may wish to use a random-number-generating device, such as a calculator, a 10-sided die, or computer software, to generate the random numbers.

One possible method for solving Problem B2 is to use two 10-sided dice, one red and one blue. The sub-region can then be determined by the two dice (in the order red, and then blue).

You might notice that the random selection process will sometimes produce duplicates. There is a greater than one-third chance that 10 numbers picked at random between 00 and 99 will produce at least one duplicate, and almost a 90% chance that 20 such numbers will produce at least one duplicate.

For instance, you might find that seven tosses of the dice produced these sub-region choices:
19 22 39 50 34 05 39

If we do not want duplicates, we can skip them until we get 10 distinct numbers, for example:
19 22 39 50 34 05 75 62 87 13

This is called sampling without replacement, since each time we choose a sub-region we remove it from the list of sub-regions we can choose on the next toss of the dice. In some experiments, it may be impractical or impossible to exclude duplicates from the random selection process. If duplicates are allowed, it is called sampling with replacement.

The 10 distinct numbers (19, 22, 39, 50, 34, 05, 75, 62, 87, 13) correspond to these 10 sub-regions:

Here is a look at the number of penguins in each of the 10 sub-regions we selected:

The estimate of the total number of penguins for the entire region based on this random sample of 10 sub-regions is as follows:

100 x [(5 + 6 + 6 + 7 + 5 + 2 + 1+ 5 + 5 + 3)/10] = 100 x (45/10) = 450

Problem B3
Use the random sample you found in Problem B2 to estimate the total number of penguins in the region. Find your 10 random sub-regions in the chart below:

Problem B4
Did you expect your estimate from Problem B3 to equal your estimate from Problem B2? Why or why not? What explains this variation? If the sample size were increased to 20 sub-regions, would you expect the variation in the estimates to increase or decrease? Why?

In This Part: Variation in Estimates
A computer can perform random sampling and estimation much more quickly than you can by hand. Here are three more random samples of 10 sub-regions generated by a computer.

Problem B5
Record your estimates in the following table:

Based on these five estimates, how many penguins do you think there are in the entire region?

Note 4
Take time to develop your own ideas. There are many different ways to randomly select 10 sub-regions. Developing a method of selection will help you clarify the concept as well as provide a tool for the practice of sampling. After you have considered your own methods, you can then investigate the specific methods introduced in Part B.

Problem B1
Answers will vary, as there are many possible ways to do this. One possibility is to take the 100 pictures of the sub-regions, shuffle them thoroughly, then look at the first 10. Another is to assign each sub-region to a number from 00 to 99, and use the last two digits of the daily lottery number for each of the last 10 days. A commonly used method for assigning regions to numbers is to use a random-number-generating device, such as a calculator, a die, or computer software.

Problem B2
With a calculator, the first two decimal digits of the random number will range from 00 to 99, and each of the 100 values is equally likely. If a number appears more than once, it is rejected, so that 10 different sub-regions are selected. Another idea is to use a 10-sided die or spinner and to generate two random digits by two tosses or spins (and get your 10 random numbers by 20 tosses or spins).

Problem B3
Answers will vary, depending on which region you selected in Problem B2. As an example, the random sequence (96, 74, 61, 21, 49, 37, 82, 35, 18, 68) determines this sample of 10 sub-regions:

The estimate of the total number of penguins is

100 x [(5 + 4 + 4 + 6 + 4 + 5 + 6 +5 + 3 + 7)/10] = 100 x (49/10) = 490.

Problem B4
While it is possible for the two estimates to be equal, it is pretty unlikely, due to the variation in the individual sub-regions. If the number of sub-regions in the sample increases to 20, the variation in the estimates should be reduced. The estimates should be closer to the actual value, but it is no more likely that they will be equal.

Problem B5
Answers will vary. To determine how many penguins there are in the region, you might calculate the mean or median of the set of five estimates.

Series Directory

Learning Math: Data Analysis, Statistics, and Probability

Produced by WGBH Educational Foundation. 2001.
  • Closed Captioning
  • ISBN: 1-57680-481-X


Now, Let's Give Lagunitas-Forest Knolls, CA Some Pondering

The labor force participation rate in Lagunitas-Forest Knolls is 61.The labor force participation rate in Lagunitas-Forest Knolls is 61.3%, with an unemployment rate of 3.1%. For people within the work force, the average commute time is 34.3 minutes. 22.5% of Lagunitas-Forest Knolls’s populace have a masters degree, and 28.1% have a bachelors degree. For those without a college degree, 30.3% attended some college, 14.3% have a high school diploma, and only 4.8% have received an education lower than high school. 3.3% are not included in health insurance.

Garden Water Feature

A Common Structure for Fountains Freestanding fountains can be used indoors or out. They may also have components that are many. Even though exact components may vary depending on which model they had been made, the basic structure is the same. Free delivery is an option. * Fountain Cover - This is the area at the top where flows that are liquid. Distribution is possible to any water fountain you wish. * Contemporary - Modern indoor fountains are more modern. These fountains will complement your home's design and create a happy mood. * Traditional - This fountain complements a traditional style home and does not contain complex elements. Indoor wall fountains can be adorned with flora or animals to create a point that is focal. They are usually made of natural stones to enhance their aesthetic. These fountains tend to be often created by artists, and may feature coated images or sculptures. * Rustic fountains - They are often simple and reminiscent of country or settings that are rural.

The average family unit size in Lagunitas-Forest Knolls, CA is 3.04 family members, with 61.2% being the owner of their own domiciles. The mean home cost is $866438. For individuals renting, they pay an average of $2574 monthly. 45.9% of families have two sources of income, and the average domestic income of $101484. Median individual income is $44609. 16.7% of town residents live at or beneath the poverty line, and 10.5% are disabled. 7.5% of residents of the town are veterans for the armed forces of the United States.


Infrastructure Urgency, Part 3: NMA E-Newsletter #662

Layered levels of taxation are nothing new to motorists. The gas tax, road tolls, congestion pricing, registration fees, and even wheel taxes are commonplace. Congress is looking at us hungrily again as being ripe for the picking as it debates the final details of desperately needed transportation infrastructure funding.

The idea is not new. In fact, the NMA has editorialized against the mileage-based road user fee many times in the past, more commonly known today as a vehicle-miles-traveled (VMT) tax. The concept has never entirely gone away, and now it is mentioned prominently in both the House and Senate infrastructure packages.

The $3.5 trillion House “Invest in America” plan would require the Comptroller General of the United States to “carry out a study on the impact of equity issues associated with per-mile user fee funding systems on the surface transportation system.”

The Senate bipartisan bill, with a $1.2 trillion budget currently, is even bolder. The title of Section 13001 of the bill gives it away: Strategic Innovation for Revenue Collection. It would direct the U.S. Transportation Secretary to “establish a program to test the feasibility of a road usage fee and other user-based alternative revenue mechanisms . . . to help maintain the long-term solvency of the Highway Trust Fund, through pilot projects at the State, local and regional level.” One of the stated objectives is “to consider, to the greatest extent practicable, the potential for revenue collection along a network of alternative funding stations.”

In other words, if 13001 is part of the infrastructure plan signed into law, the X painted on the backs—really the wallets—of motorists by the government will become an even more enticing target.

It is going to take all of us contacting the members of the House and Senate Transportation & Infrastructure Committees to get their attention on this issue. Here are the committee rosters and contact information:

Senate Transportation & Infrastructure Subcommittee

House Transportation & Infrastructure Committee

After the following NMA email detailing our concern about VMT programs was sent to the legislative directors of each of those members, an aide for Congresswoman Michelle Steel (CA-48) responded by saying that his boss was in full agreement with the NMA position. She submitted an amendment to H.R. 3684 that would strike all VMT language from the House bill. Unfortunately, House leadership designated the bill as a closed rule not subject to amendments. Nevertheless, the NMA has made a connection with Rep. Steel, a potential ally on other motorist issues from the country’s most populous state.

NMA August 30th/31st Email to Senate and House Top T&I Aides
H.R. 3684 Infrastructure Bills: Concerns of the Motoring Public, Part 4 – Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) Tax

Dear Dixon,

Section 13001 of the infrastructure bill would provide $125 million in funding for pilot programs to explore methods of levying road-usage taxes on drivers. The VMT (vehicle miles traveled) tax has been bandied about for many years as a replacement for the established per-gallon gas tax, or even as an add-on tax to the revenue already collected at the gas pump.

We urge Senator Inhofe to oppose the funding of VMT pilot programs. It is telling that the arguments supporting our recommendation are as applicable now as they were a few years ago when the following NMA op-ed was published by The Ripon Society think-tank in its February 2015 Forum. The editorial takes 2 to 3 minutes to read, and it sums up why a properly adjusted gas tax is a more efficient and equitable (and less intrusive) system of charging drivers for the maintenance and improvements of our nation’s roads and bridges.

The Mileage-Based User Fee: At what cost?
By Gary Biller, NMA President

     Rarely is a problem best solved by adding layers of complexity to an existing process, particularly a budgetary process. Such is the proposal to supplement or replace the fuel tax with a mileage-based user fee to pull the Federal Highway Trust Fund back from the teetering edge of insolvency.

     The real problem with the Trust Fund is how the money is being spent, more so than with how it is being collected from road users. While the nation’s roads and bridges decline further into disrepair, those who constitute the Washington D.C. political establishment continue to fiddle.

     In the 2007 report, “Paying at the Pump: Gasoline Taxes in America,” Jonathan Williams (then of the Tax Foundation) wrote, “. . . current federal highway legislation authorized over 6,000 earmarks from the Highway Trust Fund. Some of these went to legitimate transportation programs, but others were earmarked for items such as the infamous ‘Bridge to Nowhere.’ Today, gasoline tax revenue is spend on everything from public education and museums to graffiti removal and parking garages.”

      At about the same time, the Transportation Review Board noted in its “Special Report 285” that, two years earlier, the federal government collected $107 billion in highway user fees, with the majority being generated from gas tax revenue. The TRB reported that only $85 billion of that total was devoted to highway spending.

      The Trust Fund allocation process is little better today. Any discussion about the effectiveness of the fuel tax vs. a mileage-based user fee needs to start there, because any revenue collection method will be saddled with the same systemic problem. If only our legislators had the political will and self-discipline to limit the incessant earmarking of transportation funds for non-highway projects.

      That being said, the fuel tax is the simplest, most equitable method of charging motorists for the maintenance of our highway infrastructure. Heavier, less fuel-efficient vehicles contribute more to road wear and tear than do smaller passenger vehicles and motorcycles, but by virtue of higher fuel consumption their owners also pay more toward the Trust Fund.

      A mileage-based user fee requires tracking of actual vehicle miles traveled. Recording the mileage is an added data collection step, either through periodic odometer inspections or by a much more intrusive GPS-based tracking system that monitors the whereabouts of each vehicle at all times. The GPS method opens the door for creative traffic management schemes such as charging drivers more per mile when they are navigating through congested traffic zones. Urban planning by way of social engineering. No thank you.

      Whether the mileage-based fee is determined by reading odometers or through uploaded tracking information, it does not apportion cost based on the road maintenance caused by specific vehicles that is a hallmark of the fuel tax. Instead, the tax per vehicle mile would ostensibly be the same for an 18-wheel tractor-trailer as it would for a motorcycle; all this at the cost of introducing a new revenue collection system (and requisite overhead) to monitor and collect road user fees based on the distance vs. time profile of each vehicle.

      Critics of the fuel tax point to electric cars and gas/electric hybrids as not consuming enough fuel to contribute their fair share to the Trust Fund. Through late 2014, 3.8 million plug-in electric and hybrid vehicles have been sold in the U.S. since introduction. That constitutes only 1.5 percent of the nation’s motorized traffic today. [Note: Seven years later in 2021 that number is just slightly over 2 percent.] These vehicles are not part of the Trust Fund’s solvency issues and likely won’t be for several more years. If need be, owners of electric vehicles can be charged an assessment based on average miles traveled to make their contribution to the Trust Fund more equitable.

      Index the federal fuel tax to inflation if you must. (The last adjustment to the per-gallon tax was over 20 years ago.) But do not take the existing and inherently fair method of charging drivers for highway use by vehicle fuel consumption and complicate it with a mileage-based user fee that adds new levels of cost, bureaucracy, and privacy concerns.

A primary concern of motorists, besides the tracking implications of VMT tax collection systems, is that government will see a lucrative new revenue stream to tack on top of the existing fuel tax. Double taxation would unfairly burden motorists, many of whom already struggle with the necessity of driving to maintain employment and make ends meet for their families.

Please ask Senator Inhofe to give careful consideration to the inherent problems associated with a vehicle-miles-traveled tax initiative. The funding of VMT pilot programs as proposed in the infrastructure bill should be opposed on behalf of all motorists who already pay their fair share for maintaining surface transportation systems.

Thank you,

Gary Biller

National Motorists Association
Empowering drivers since 1982!

Not an NMA Member yet?

Join today and get these great benefits!


CM Reviews Progress On Projects To Be Showcased In KP Sponsored Road-show In Beijing

CM reviews progress on projects to be showcased in KP sponsored road-show in Beijing

PESHAWAR Feb 1 (Pakistan Point News - APP - 01st Feb, 2017 ) : Chief Minister KP Pervez Khattak Wednesday reviewed the progress on projects of different departments for showcasing in the upcoming Beijing road-show likely to be held by the end of March. The Chief Minister directed to make the achievements of the provincial government fruitful relating to the CPEC and therefore it was necessary that the departments work beyond their targets and plan their projects effectively.

He expressed these while presiding over a meeting here. Pervez Khattak said that the people of this province had a history of sufferings and the province was denied of its constitutional rights that he attributed to the criminal negligence of the previous rulers. The present government had stopped repeating the history. Whatever achievements the government made were for the public and must reach them. He said that Reshakai and Hattar industrial zones and other projects that became part of the CPEC would continue to be the major achievements of the present government.

He said "We will construct our part of the road of CPEC linking Gilgit, Chitral and Chakdara". He directed to give final shape to the power projects of 1700 MW of electricity in Malakand and Hazara which had already been made part of the CPEC. He said that the government had given three power projects to FWO that would cost US Dollars 2.024 billion and produce 800 Mega Watt of electricity. He also directed to complete the feasibility report of railway track for the approved projects under the CPEC.

Pervez Khattak also directed for the feasibility of circular railway track for the greater Peshawar Valley connecting Peshawar, Mardan, Charsadda, Nowshera, Swabi and Malakand. He directed for the accelerated work on the economic zones of DIKhan and Jalozai. He said his government succeeded in winning the case of the province on the CPEC front. He lamented that certain politicians had a misguided agenda presenting distorted facts before the people alleging that the previous rulers did nothing for the province and the people but the present government within a short span of time achieved a lot of things for the province.

He was hopeful that CPEC had taken the strategic importance to the new heights. The foreign investors were taking interest to invest in Projects of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. he addded. He said that CPEC would bring about a multi-facted prosperity to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. It will boost industrialization and developed the provincial economy and will create jobs for the jobless of the province. CPEC will take the province to different heights of development and it will become the center of trade and economic activities connecting the whole region. APP/ayz/ahn


MSNBC guest checks off 'Traits of A Sociopath' in epic destruction of Trump

President Donald Trump's mental health was examined on Friday on MSNBC's "Deadline: White House" with Nicolle Wallace.

The panel was analyzing Trump's threat to send an unlimited number of immigrants to sanctuary cities in California.

Donny Deutsch thought the best way to understand Trump's view of the border was to read from the "profile of the sociopath."

"They never recognize the right of others and see their behaviors as permissible, their victim is merely an instrument to be used," Deutsch read. "There's no remorse, shame or guilt, they don't see others around them as people, but only targets and opportunities."

"Instead of friends they have victims and accomplices who end up as victims. They're callous and have a lack of empathy. They're unable to empathize with the pain of their victims, having only contempt for others' feelings of distress and readily taking advantage of them. They believe they're all powerful, all knowing, entitled to every wish. No sense of personal boundary and no concern for their impact on others," he continued.

Deutsch said it was the time from more than political analysis.

"We have to be frightened and outraged," Deutsch said. "This president is showing the behavior of every autocratic despot in the history of the world."

"And there starts to need to be fear and outrage and not just analysis," he added.

"Donny, I have to just give the disclaimer we can't diagnose him here, but I appreciate your thoughts, I share your fear and your outrage," Wallace said.


middle easten
Country sustainability visibly harmed by Covid-19

Country sustainability visibly harmed by Covid-19

25-08-2021 | Insight
Covid-19 has reversed progress in many areas of human development, the latest Robeco Country Sustainability Ranking reveals.
  • Max Schieler
    Senior Country Risk Specialist at RobecoSAM

Speed read

  • Pandemic shows how sustainability is crucial for ability to cope
  • Nordic nations led by Sweden top the biannual rankings again
  • Two countries singled out for facing climate policy headwinds

The bi-annual report shows that some nations have gone backwards on their environmental, social and governance (ESG) credentials as the pandemic ravaged economies and their abilities to cope with the human and economic aftermath of mass infections.

It also explains how the north-south sustainability divide in Europe highlighted in the January 2021 report has extended with the pandemic into an east-west divide as well. The richest countries in northern and western Europe continue to rank higher than their counterparts in the south and east of the continent. The worst European performers are the Balkans.

Sweden retains No. 1 spot

The Nordic nations continue their dominance at the top of the rankings, led by Sweden, which has consistently been named as the world’s most sustainable country in the 21-year history of the CSR. Sweden is followed by Finland, Norway, Denmark and Iceland.

New Zealand in 7th place is the highest ranked country outside Europe. Of the 23 developed nations covered by the 150 countries surveyed, 20 belong to the top-tier ESG categories, with Greece, Italy and Spain as outliers in the medium tier.

Of the 127 emerging markets covered, only nine made it into the second-best category, led by Singapore. The bottom nations are the ‘usual suspects’ of countries in Africa which are embroiled in wars, led by Yemen, the Central African Republic and Sudan. South Africa (97), India (114), Egypt (115), Nigeria (139) and Pakistan (144) are the lowest-ranking countries in which it is possible to invest.

Stay informed on our latest insights with monthly mail updates
Stay informed on our latest insights with monthly mail updates
The top and bottom nations in the CSR. Source: Robeco

The magnitude of Covid

“With Covid-19 still raging in many parts of the world, the magnitude of its effects will not be fully known for some time,” says SI Country Specialist Max Schieler, author of the report. “At this stage it is obvious that the pandemic has already had a very severe impact in a wide range of areas, reversing years of progress on poverty reduction and other areas of human development.”

“It has revealed and worsened some enduring fault lines such as extreme inequality, underlying disparities in health care, education, and social welfare, as well as simmering social and political tensions. While advanced economies have been able to mitigate the dire economic consequences by massive fiscal support and monetary stimulus, less-developed nations did not have the necessary financial means to shelter their citizens from the economic hardship in the same way.”

“As a result, widespread discontent has bubbled up and a wave of social unrest is sweeping around the globe, from Brazil and Chile to Colombia and South Africa, just to name but a few. In view of the ongoing Covid-19 induced humanitarian and economic stress, increasing disparities and eroding social cohesion, there is a significant likelihood that civil unrest and political instability will continue, with the resulting ramifications for the economic and country sustainability landscape.”

Blows to combatting climate change

One welcome effect of the pandemic was that global energy-related CO2 emissions fell by 5.8%, the largest percentage decline since World War II, according to the IEA. But there remain problems in getting governments to implement the emissions reductions needed to meet the Paris Agreement, as highlighted in two special reports on Switzerland and Australia.

“Switzerland’s policy on fighting climate change received a severe blow after a narrow majority of 51.6% of voters rejected a proposed CO2 law in a referendum on June 13,” Schieler says. “The law envisioned various measures on a ‘polluter pays’ principle, including increased taxes on car fuel and air tickets. The defeat resulted from a combination of various factors, including disinformation and fears about rising living costs, and comes at a time when people are already burdened by Covid-19.”

Australia, meanwhile, is seemingly ignoring the extreme weather events that have plagued the country in recent years, such as bushfires, droughts and flooding. “The economy is heavily dependent on fossil fuels and is one of the world’s biggest exporters of coal, which might explain the government’s unwillingness to implement more tangible measures,” says Schieler.

“However, the cost of inaction is likely to increase in the coming years. A recently released report from the Climate Council finds that the cost of extreme weather has more than doubled since the 1970s and amounted to AUD 35 billion over the past decade. By 2038, these costs could increase to even AUD 100 billion every year.”

What are the most sustainable countries in the world?
What are the most sustainable countries in the world?
Country Sustainability Ranking

China syndrome

Countries and territories move up and down the rankings according to how well they deal with the ESG factors covers by the survey. Hong Kong suffered the biggest drop over the past year and past three years, due to China’s increasing interference in the territory and the implementation of the national security law. Greece saw the biggest gain over both timescales as it continues to benefit from the reforms introduced following its financial crisis of 2009.

The main losers and gainers in sustainability rankings over the past one and three years. Source: Robeco.

Also among the winners is, somewhat surprisingly, Saudi Arabia, after a rise in the retirement age for women, which positively impacted gender equality and aging indicators, as well as some other small reforms for everyday life. “This should not obscure the fact that the country does still display grave deficiencies in terms of inequality, personal freedom and human rights,” says Schieler.

A noticeable anomaly is the US, whose persistently disappointing sustainability performance during the Trump presidency has caused it to drop out of the top 20. From a rank of 18th at the start of the Trump administration, the country now ranks 21st, with a weakening performance in all three ESG dimensions.

“Still, with the inauguration of the Biden administration in January, and the change in direction in various policy areas including rejoining the Paris Agreement, there is a reasonable chance for this decline to come to a halt, or even be reversed over time,” Schieler says.

I Disagree


Properties of fluid

Engineering Thermodynamics (Set 1)

Multiple Choice Questions

1. When a gas is heated, change takes place in

2. One molecule of oxygen consists of ________ atoms of oxygen.

3. Which of the following variables controls the physical properties of a perfect gas?

4. The distillation carried out in such a way that the liquid with the lowest boiling point is first evaporated and recondensed, then the liquid with the next higher boiling point is then evaporated and recondensed, and so on until all the available liquid fuels are separately recovered in the sequence of their boiling points. Such a process is called

5. Work done in a free expansion process is

6. Which of the following laws is applicable for the behaviour of a perfect gas?

7. The unit of temperature in S.I. units is

8. A cycle consisting of _________ and two isothermal processes is known as Stirling cycle.

9. A tri-atomic molecule consists of __________ atoms.

10. The unit of mass in S.I. units is


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At Spaceman Self Storage in Caldicot, we offer cost effective, hassle free and practical storage solutions to meet your individual needs for extra space. With both short and long term contracts available.


WSJ’s Facebook series: Leadership lessons about ethical AI and algorithms

There have been discussions about bias in algorithms associated to demographics, but the problem goes outside of superficial qualities. Learn from Facebook’s described missteps.

Graphic: iStock/metamorworks

Many of the the latest inquiries about technological know-how ethics aim on the position of algorithms in many areas of our life. As technologies like artificial intelligence and device discovering expand progressively elaborate, it is really genuine to problem how algorithms run by these systems will respond when human life are at stake. Even an individual who would not know a neural community from a social community might have pondered the hypothetical query of no matter if a self-driving automobile must crash into a barricade and destroy the driver or operate around a pregnant female to help you save its operator.

SEE: Synthetic intelligence ethics coverage (TechRepublic Top quality)

As technological innovation has entered the felony justice technique, less theoretical and much more tough conversations are using location about how algorithms really should be utilised as they’re deployed for almost everything from providing sentencing guidelines to predicting criminal offense and prompting preemptive intervention. Researchers, ethicists and citizens have questioned no matter whether algorithms are biased based on race or other ethnic elements.

Leaders’ duties when it comes to ethical AI and algorithm bias

The questions about racial and demographic bias in algorithms are vital and important. Unintended outcomes can be designed by every thing from inadequate or a person-sided coaching data, to the skillsets and folks building an algorithm. As leaders, it truly is our responsibility to have an being familiar with of where by these likely traps lie and mitigate them by structuring our teams appropriately, including skillsets outside of the technical areas of info science and making certain proper tests and checking.

Even additional critical is that we understand and attempt to mitigate the unintended consequences of the algorithms that we commission. The Wall Road Journal not long ago printed a intriguing sequence on social media behemoth Facebook, highlighting all fashion of unintended effects of its algorithms. The record of frightening outcomes reported ranges from suicidal ideation amid some teenage girls who use Instagram to enabling human trafficking.

SEE: AI and ethics: 1-3rd of executives are not knowledgeable of opportunity AI bias (TechRepublic)

In approximately all circumstances, algorithms have been developed or altered to travel the benign metric of selling consumer engagement, so escalating profits. In one case, adjustments designed to lessen negativity and emphasize content material from pals developed a means to promptly distribute misinformation and spotlight offended posts. Based mostly on the reporting in the WSJ collection and the subsequent backlash, a noteworthy depth about the Fb situation (in addition to the breadth and depth of unintended penalties from its algorithms) is the amount of painstaking analysis and frank conclusions that highlighted these unwell consequences that were being seemingly overlooked or downplayed by leadership. Fb apparently had the most effective applications in place to discover the unintended repercussions, but its leaders unsuccessful to act.

Extra about artificial intelligence

How does this apply to your organization? Some thing as straightforward as a tweak to the equivalent of “Likes” in your firm’s algorithms may possibly have dramatic unintended repercussions. With the complexity of present day algorithms, it may well not be achievable to forecast all the outcomes of these sorts of tweaks, but our roles as leaders involves that we take into account the choices and put checking mechanisms in place to detect any prospective and unexpected adverse outcomes.

SEE: Do not ignore the human element when doing the job with AI and information analytics (TechRepublic)

Most likely a lot more problematic is mitigating individuals unintended penalties once they are found. As the WSJ sequence on Fb indicates, the enterprise targets driving several of its algorithm tweaks were fulfilled. Nonetheless, heritage is littered with businesses and leaders that drove fiscal performance with no regard to societal damage. There are shades of grey along this spectrum, but outcomes that contain suicidal views and human trafficking never need an ethicist or significantly discussion to conclude they are basically wrong regardless of effective small business results.

Ideally, few of us will have to offer with difficulties alongside this scale. However, trusting the specialists or paying out time thinking of demographic aspects but minor else as you significantly count on algorithms to travel your business enterprise can be a recipe for unintended and in some cases adverse penalties. It truly is too quick to dismiss the Fb story as a huge company or tech enterprise problem your task as a leader is to be knowledgeable and preemptively deal with these issues irrespective of irrespective of whether you happen to be a Fortune 50 or nearby company. If your organization is unwilling or not able to fulfill this need, maybe it can be much better to reconsider some of these elaborate systems irrespective of the small business outcomes they travel.

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Overview Out This Jaw-Shedding “Cosmic Necklace” Image Shared by NASA

ESA/Hubble & NASA, Okay. Noll

As someone into astronomy likely already is aware of, NASA is all in favour of sharing unbelievable photos of our universe. Now not too lengthy within the past, NASA shared a nice characterize of a nebula is named the “Necklace Nebula,” which is described as “a diamond necklace of cosmic proportions.

The nebula—which moreover goes by its much less-glamorous title, PN G054.203.4—is found roughly 15,000 light-years away from Earth come the constellation Sagitta. What we stare now as the nebula used to be once a pair of tightly orbiting stars similar to our Sun. About 10,000 years within the past, the higher superstar expanded and consumed the smaller one, a route of scientists name a “total envelope.”

The smaller superstar persisted to orbit whereas inside of its higher partner, which elevated their shared rotation rate inflicting bits of every to scamper outwards. This ring of particles is what looks to be to be like take care of the necklace, and the additional-dense groups of gas shaped what looks to be to be like take care of tidy diamonds across the nebula’s ring.

The two stars are tranquil there spinning; they are the tiny white dot within the center of the ring. The stars are in a role to whole a whole orbit around every assorted in precisely over 24 hours. Hubble released a characterize of this identical nebula almost a decade within the past, nonetheless the new image is a lot greater as NASA light several exposures from Hubble’s Wide Field Digicam 3 and evolved processing systems to boost it.

Source: NASA

Study Extra


Is A Mediation Agreement Binding

If the parties have agreed that the mediation is private, or what is called closed mediation, the Mediator cannot later be asked to say what happened. In other words, if the Memorandum of Understanding never becomes a definitive contract, the Ombudsman can only say that there has been an agreement or no agreement. Therefore, if the parties change their minds, when they consult their lawyers and consult legal advice, and if the mediation is private, the details will not be disclosed by the Mediator when the parties later go to court. It is very unusual for a mediation agreement to be overturned. Normally, neither party will want this, since the mediation agreement is the effort of each participant to give their agreement at the mediation hearing and was only signed if the participants accepted the terms of the agreement reached. The parties have the opportunity to continue or interrupt the mediation sessions. In a case of judicial mediation, the mediation is simply declared unsuccessful and the case advances in court. Once the Family Solicitors have established the agreement known as the « referral of agreement », it will be signed by all parties and sealed by the court. This will ensure that the agreement is legally binding and can be enforced by the court if one of the parties violates the agreement.

The latter priority makes mediation particularly appropriate when the dispute between the parties to a contractual relationship continues, such as.B. of a license agreement, distribution agreement or a joint research and development (R&D) agreement, since, as stated above, mediation makes it possible to find a solution by also referring to commercial interests and not only to the strict legal rights and obligations of the parties. . . .


Given     a2 + 1 + a-2 = a + a-1  Without calculating a, find the value of   a129 - a128 + a127 - a126 = ?

Answer Submission Is Not Available

Form is valid through December 2015

Dear Visitors,

thank you for sending the solutions for the December problem.

I received many solutions, but majority were not right - we were looking for a number and not for an expression.

The first two correct answers were submitted by MO Braga and by Hyun Woo Lee.

This is the solution of the December problem: The equation given in the problem, after multiplication of both parts by a2 and putting everything to the LHS, can be rewritten as a4 – a3 + a2 – a + 1 = 0. This is a factor of a5 + 1. Hence a5 + 1 = 0 and a5 = -1. Hence, the requested expression can be rewritten as a125(a4 – a3 + a2 – a) = 1. Dixi.

Waiting for your answers to the New Year problems,

Serge Hazanov


Endodontic Retreatment

Why do I need another endodontic procedure?

  • Complicated canal anatomy went undetected in the first procedure.

  • A tooth sustains a fracture.

During retreatment, the Dr. Amoroso will reopen your tooth and remove the filling materials that were placed in the root canals during the first procedure. Dr. Amoroso then carefully examines the tooth, looking for additional canals or new infection. Dr. Amoroso then removes any infection, cleans and shapes the canals, and places new filling materials. The opening is then sealed with a temporary filling. Once the tooth heals, a new crown or other restoration is placed on the tooth to protect it.

What will happen during retreatment?

First, Dr. Amoroso will discuss your treatment options. If you and Dr. Amoroso choose retreatment, Dr. Amoroso will reopen your tooth to gain access to the root canal filling material. In many cases, complex restorative materials—crown, post and core material—must be disassembled and removed to permit access to the root canals. endo1 After removing the canal filling, Dr. Amoroso can clean the canals and carefully examine the inside of your tooth using microscope magnification and illumination, searching for any additional canals or unusual anatomy that requires treatment. endo2 After cleaning the canals, Dr. Amoroso will fill and seal the canals and place a temporary filling in the tooth. If the canals are unusually narrow or blocked, Dr. Amoroso may recommend endodontic surgery. This surgery involves making an incision to allow the other end of the root to be sealed. endo3 After your endodontist completes retreatment, you will need to return to your dentist as soon as possible to have a new crown or other restoration placed on the tooth to protect and restore it to its full function. endo4

Is retreatment the best choice for me?

How much will the procedure cost?

What are the alternatives to retreatment?

If nonsurgical retreatment is not an option, then endodontic surgery should be considered. This surgery involves making an incision to allow access to the tip of the root. Endodontic surgery may also be recommended in conjunction with retreatment or as an alternative. Dr. Amoroso will discuss your options and recommend appropriate treatment.


Neurofeedback teaches the brain to change its functioning by showing the subtle changes in EEG (brainwaves) as they occur. This process of learning to self-regulate at the level of neuronal firing can teach the brain to quiet the mind, or to activate areas that might contribute negatively to mood or motivation. Working within the framework of the arousal model, neurofeedback training can impact the level of alertness and its effects on performance and sleep. Relying on the brain’s capacity to make changes to itself (neuroplasticity), Neurofeedback allows for users to practice different brain states. When an experience is repeated, the brain learns efficiencies and alters both in its structure and function. This is to say that as we practice activities, the brain organizes itself to better carry out those activities.

Unfortunately, much of what we practice is not in line with the best version of ourselves. We often practice being depressed or anxious in our internal states of arousal, and the environments in which we are immersed can create a brain that struggles to function optimally as the environment changes. For example, most children who struggle in their school environment have other areas of their life in which they excel or have unique and incredible gifts which are freely displayed given the right conditions. Neurofeedback enables us to increase the strength of desired brain states and increases the brain’s state flexibility so that it can better meet the demands of all areas of our environment.

Practicing desirable mental states provides high performers and elite athletes the opportunity to strengthen neural networks and build a more effective and efficient brain. Those working in high stress and demanding fields can learn to conserve mental energy and time that was previously spent maintaining composure and emotional control, or second-guessing and over-analyzing decisions. Accessing calm, focused, or ‘flow’ states more readily enables users to increase their presence on the field, in the office, at home with family, or when checking in with yourself. What was once restricted to experienced meditators can now be achieved by anyone who has access to Neurofeedback and has the desire to lead a more balanced and intentional life.

For more information about Neurofeedback:

Call (816)457-5756 or fill out the form below to SCHEDULE A FREE 20-MINUTE CONSULTATION


Your question: Do you make money as a PhD student?

It’s no secret that PhD students and postdocs are paid a meager salary, sometimes not even as much as the local living wage. … ‘ The flexibility of modern side hustles has made it possible for students and postdocs to fit their income-generating activities around their busy research schedules.

How can a PhD student earn money?

5 Ways PhD Students Can Earn Money while Studying

  • Bartending/Wait Staff. You can make a good hourly wage bartending and serving, especially if you’re a people person. …
  • Tutoring. …
  • Freelance Writing. …
  • Freelance Textbook Editing. …
  • Teach a Class at a Local Library or Community College.

Why do PhD students get paid?

Funding is (almost) always guaranteed. While students who are doing a Ph. … A stipend is essentially a basic (taxable) payment that is given to a student twice a year (once every semester). Typically, it is not a large amount of money; but it is intended to cover the minimum basic living costs during your study.

How much does a PhD student earn?

It takes an average of six years to earn a PhD in the US. Unlike some European countries, there is no mandated minimum salary or national salary scale for PhD students in the US. PhD students earn between $15,000 and $30,000 a year depending on their institution, field of study, and location.

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Does a PhD increase salary?

What is the age for PhD?

No, there’s no age limit for PhD but the age limit for Junior Research Fellow (JRF) is 28years. PhD and JRF are different. Let me explain. For JRF, after qualifying in CSIR you can get the fellowship which will be of 5 years (2years of JRF+3years of SRF).

What is the salary after PhD?

PhD Salary

Stream Top PhD Specializations Average Salary
Medical PhD Pathology INR 4,00,000 – 11,00,000
PhD Neuroscience
Engineering PhD Mechanical Engineering INR 3,00,000 – 15,00,000
PhD Information Technology

Which PhD pays most?

Is doing a PhD worth it?

Does a PhD make you a doctor?

A PhD and a professional doctorate help you gain different types of expertise. Holding any type of doctoral degree can help you earn over 50% more than those with a master’s degree. … Even though both earn you the title of “doctor,” there are differences between these doctorates.

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What zone do tulips grow in?

Check the price

What zone do tulips grow in?

Hardiness Zone: Tulips are winter hardy in growing zones 3-8. If you live in a warmer growing zone, read How to Grow Spring Bulbs in Warm Climates.

Can you grow tulips in Zone 9?

Most spring-blooming bulbs, including tulips, daffodils and crocus, come from climates with cold winters. ... Where these bulbs are winter hardy (zone 8-10) they can simply be planted in fall for spring flowers.

Are tulips perennial in Zone 7?

Most tulips need a period of cold dormancy each winter to trigger blooming. Many tulips perennialize best in zones 7 or cooler, but preferably in zones 6 or cooler. A notable exception is the species Tulipa saxatilis, a Crete native that may grow in zones 5-10.

Do tulips naturalise?

Tulips, Tulipa, Naturalizing, Spring Bulbs. Many tulips are not strongly perennial and their floral display tends to decline from season to season. They bloom well the first year, but then peter out after a couple of years.

What are the best tulips to plant?

How do you store tulips after they bloom?

How to Save Tulip Bulbs

Do potted tulips bloom again?

Truth is, unlike most other spring bulbs, tulips are expensive annuals (with the exception of the Darwin Hybrid strain and some petite species). I just pull up my tulips after they bloom in my garden and compost them. ... And, to answer your question, potted tulips NEVER bloom again. They are done.

Should you water tulip bulbs after planting?

Tulips should be planted 4-5 inches deep, 3-6 inches apart. After planting water thoroughly to settle the soil and to encourage the start of root growth. Sufficient moisture is vital to the health of your bulbs; lacking ample rain, it may be necessary to water new plantings once a week in fall.


What do you think of when you hear the word “feedback”? Probably annual performance reviews. And difficult conversations with your manager.

But giving feedback is not just an annual event. It’s a constant process and a key development tool for employees in an organization.

Constructive feedback lies at the heart of the relationship between a manager and an employee. It is also a vital part of an employee’s career growth and development. And it provides an opportunity to clarify expectations, point out any problem areas, build confidence, and enable motivation.

Providing an employee with positive feedback is easy enough. Complimenting someone on a job well done is a happy interaction. It bolsters an employee’s confidence and builds a supportive organizational culture.

Negative feedback, on the other hand, is a tricky area to navigate. But it’s equally essential. If people don’t discuss problem areas, they compound over time and become that much tougher to resolve.

Constructive feedback is a happy balance between the two: it helps employees identify their strengths as well as their weaknesses.  And it develops cohesive relationships that are necessary for collaboration.

Developing a system of consistent and constructive feedback will involve some trial and error but the reward will be a culture of transparency, trust, and freedom to critique. Formal meetings are an appropriate way to deliver feedback on a regular basis in addition to annual performance reviews.

Here are some helpful pointers on the time, place, and method of delivering feedback.

Record Instances, Act Immediately, If Necessary

It is always a good idea to record any behaviors or competencies where feedback is necessary and talk about them at an appropriate time later to help an employee understand how they could have performed better. This helps in identifying patterns in one’s performance and helps evaluate areas that need development. Recording instances allows you to provide insightful and actionable feedback. However, in some instances, it’s best to give feedback immediately after you observe an incident or behavior. Don’t wait to address a bad incident or negative behavior.

Be Clear and Provide Answers

Managers should also provide clear solutions. Simply saying you need to be better at something is not enough. Vague answers are frustrating. Tell employees how they can develop their areas of improvement. Help them create a performance improvement plan. Explain the consequences of their performance on the team and the benefits of improvement not only for them but for the organization as well. By providing clear answers and solutions, you will be able to foster positive relationships. Harappa's Managing Teamwork course will help you learn more about giving constructive feedback using various frameworks.

Pick the Right Time, Place and Method of Delivery

There is a time and place for everything. And that includes feedback. Privacy is important for an open and honest conversation. Also, have these conversations when the stakeholders are in a good frame of mind. Avoid having these conversations after a long day of work as people tend to be less patient and more irritable when they are tired. When you speak and are providing constructive feedback, pay attention to your tone and body language as well as the tone and body language of the person you are speaking with.

Avoid Using Negative Language at All Costs

The language used during feedback sessions is paramount. Don’t use overly critical phrases such as, “You shouldn’t …,” and “I don’t think you are…”. It makes employees defensive and you don’t meet the objective of the feedback session. Always try to be encouraging and nurturing. Try using phrases that start with “Maybe you could try…”, or “Have you considered doing…?”

Use Positive Language to Reinforce Good Behavior and Performance

When you provide an employee with both positive and constructive feedback,  it stimulates their brain and makes them willing to take on new challenges. Try to give at least as much positive feedback as negative. Providing only negative and non-constructive feedback can turn on the threat response in people’s minds and defensiveness may set in. You don’t need to avoid negative feedback altogether, just make it constructive.

Tariq Hazarika is Manager, Operations at Harappa Education. He did a self-designed major in Anthropology, Journalism, and Gender and Women’s Studies, from Knox College in Illinois. He worked in AI research straight out of college and has been working with digital products ever since.

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Rating: 4 of 5

It’s January, meaning we’re fast approaching this year’s edition of the Academy Awards. The award season is often full of controversy and the Academy is certainly an imperfect institution. It’s not uncommon for them to present award nominees that can range from confusing to disappointing, particularly when big categories inevitably leave out worthy contenders or pick movies that don’t seem especially interesting. But not all is necessarily lost. A number of incredible movies are up for Best Picture, like the Korean thriller “Parasite” which received six nominations in total, as well as Greta Gerwig’s moving rendition of “Little Women,” also with six nominations. And with six being the apparent lucky number, Noah Baumbach’s “Marriage Story” received six nominations as well.

“Marriage Story” is the thirteenth full-length film that Baumbach has directed and tells the story of a couple, Nicole Barber (Scarlett Johannson) and Charlie Barber (Adam Driver), as they go through the process of a divorce. The plot is direct and we see them communicate amicably at the beginning, grow tense and angry as the divorce becomes real and ultimately  reach a deeper understanding of themselves as the dust of the separation settles.

If you’re entering this movie expecting it to be standard as far as drama movies go, be prepared to be pleasantly surprised, as it may prove much more gripping than expected. Horror movies and thrillers provide stress and excitement in the movie theater, but something about watching these divorce proceedings take place before you is a physically exhausting watch.

Charlie and Nicole own and work in a theater company together, and when they decide to get a divorce, they consistently say that they want things to be easy, with “no lawyers.” But they eventually both sign hefty checks for legal representation, and in their naivete are forced to realize that there is nothing “easy” about what they are trying to do in separating. While the lawyers appear to almost encourage them to treat each other as an opponent, it really feels like they are being forced to enter arguments that they never seemed to have and instead avoided while they were together.

“Marriage Story” succeeds in large part due to the construction of Nicole and Charlie as characters as well as the actors that bring them to life. While their divorce is not easy, it is also strangely not hard. The process works, then it doesn’t. They say they wanted an easy divorce, but inevitably find themselves in aggressive conflict, Driver and Johannson delivering intense scenes of yelling and screaming. These contradictions feel like they represent the hardest part of divorce: attempting to be without someone you were with for so long. Moments of love pepper Nicole and Charlie’s divorce, as she still cuts his hair and they spend family holidays together.

The characters are complicated and the actors do a compelling job of making the characters feel so average and flawed. The ending is a little neat and tidy but, just as the divorce is the hardest part of separating, it is the most exciting part of the film, kind of like watching a car accident, except no one gets hurt and instead, everyone moves to West Hollywood.


Calculates current flow in a 2-D conductor.

APDL Command: CURR2D

CURR2D invokes an ANSYS macro which calculates the total current flowing in a conducting body for a 2-D planar or axisymmetric magnetic field analysis. The currents may be applied source currents or induced currents (eddy currents). The elements of the conducting region must be selected before this command is issued. The total current calculated by the macro is stored in the parameter TCURR. Also, the total current and total current density are stored on a per-element basis in the element table [ETABLE] with the labels TCURR and JT, respectively. Use the PLETAB and PRETAB commands to plot and list the element table items.

Distributed ANSYS Restriction: This command is not supported in Distributed ANSYS.


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Random Walks on Groups, Switching Systems and Limiting Distributions

Clyde Martin
Texas Tech University

Thursday, June 2, 2011
007 Kemeny Hall, 4 pm
Tea 3:30 pm, 300 Kemeny Hall

Abstract: We have extensively studied the systems $$\dot{x}=(\delta(t)A+(1-\delta(t))B)x(t),\ \ \delta(t)\in\{0,1\}$$, \begin{eqnarray*}dx&=&(z(t)A+(1-z(t))B)dt\\dz&=&(1-2z)dN_\lambda\end{eqnarray*} and $$x_{n+1}=(\delta_1A_1+\cdots+\delta_kA_k)x_n$$ where $\delta_i\in\{0,1\}$, $\delta_1+\cdots+\delta_k=1$ and $P(\delta_i=1)=p_i$ and we have a fairly good understanding of when these systems are stable. Our interest has now moved to an attempt to understand what happens when they are not stable. Interesting phenomena occurs when we consider a representation of a finite group $G$, i.e. a homomorphism, $L$, from $G$ into $Hom(V,V)$.We now consider the system $$X_{n+1}=(\delta_1L(g_1)+\cdots+\delta_kL(g_k))xX_n$$ where $\delta_i\in\{0,1\}$, $\delta_1+\cdots+\delta_k=1$, $P(\delta_i=1)=p_i$ and $X_0=I$. Because $X_n=L(g)$ for some $g\in G$ the system evolves on the image of the representation. Using linear system theory we can calculate all of the moments of the limiting distribution and using the fact that the system creates a Markov process we can calculate the transition probability matrix. A nice interplay between systems theory and the work of Perci Diaconis on the role of groups in probability and statistics develops. The results have applications in such diverse areas as magic and genetics.

This talk will be accessible to graduate students.


Botany (1500+)

Sugar, rainforests, cacao, bananas, rubber, palm trees, peyote, and the environment in general are all things that readily come to mind when considering the study of plant life of Latin America and the Caribbean. But what about medicine, empire, gender, art, nationalism, economics, slavery, and culture? Plants and the science of botany have proven capable of shaping societies in dramatic ways, and perhaps no region has felt the impact of botany more than Latin America and the Caribbean. This is due in part to the amazing variety of plant life found in the region's fields, forests, deserts, beaches, plains, mountains, and jungles, yet it also reflects tensions about who has power over the region and its nature and to what ends that power is applied. Far from merely collecting, classifying, and studying plants, botany in Latin America has changed not only that region's society, but has played a significant role in world history.

The botany of pre-Columbian Indian groups was in many ways similar to that practiced by Europeans. Both cultures paid special attention to medicinal herbs and the post-conquest Spaniards had a great deal of respect for indigenous knowledge in this field (see the source on the Badianus Codex). Indians throughout Latin America also studied, improved, and cultivated plants like cacao, coca, and maize that had economic, cultural, or practical value. Although pre-Columbian science included elements of religion, magic, and mysticism, many aspects of applied botany were driven by empirical research and development.

Throughout the colonial period, Spain and other European empires organized several botanical expeditions to Latin America and the Caribbean. Economic concerns were very important to these efforts: just as the explorers of the early conquest era sought mineral wealth, so too were naturalists encouraged to discover and reproduce plants that would be profitable exports ("green gold") or useful in some other way. Although Sahagun, Oviedo, and others described and collected many plant specimens in the early colonial era, the heyday of colonial botanical expeditions was in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. The Bourbon monarchs sent Linnaean botanists to New Spain, New Granada, and Peru (all of which are noted in the sources) in an effort to apply Enlightenment science to the enrichment of the Spanish empire. According to historian Londa Schiebinger, Enlightenment botany included the (subsequently differentiated) fields of applied botany, agriculture, and horticulture to find renewable sources of revenue from Europe's American colonies. Thus botany served European empires by identifying and reproducing sources of food and medicine, finding domestic (within the empire) substitutes for imported goods, and transplanting various plant species so they could be grown by and for a given empire (Schiebinger 2004).

Some plants that were studied and cultivated in the Americas were decisive in shaping local and, to a large degree, international society. In the Caribbean, sugar made the islands into plantation slave societies yet, by the late nineteenth century, abolition, a variety of plant diseases (like the mosaic disease in the sources), and competition from sugar beets threatened to make sugar production irrelevant on islands like Barbados. Geographer J.H. Galloway noted how, in the early twentieth century, British botanists produced new varieties of sugar that allowed Barbadian cane to remain economically viable. Such botanical innovation not only created an excellent source of revenue that allowed Great Britain to continue to fund its Caribbean empire, but it ensured that sugar continued to be the primary shaper of the region's economy, society, and environment for many more decades (Galloway 1996).

Although European powers still had some control over the form of Latin American botany, by the late nineteenth century the region's flora had come to be dominated by the U.S. and nation states within Latin America itself. As seen in the topic on Harvard's Biological Station in Cuba, U.S. economic and political hegemony in the South encouraged U.S. botanists to "extract" botanical knowledge much as European empires had done in earlier centuries. Concurrently, though, many Latin American countries were working to use science to solidify the state's control over its territory, and the classification and nationalization of local plants became an important part of this initiative. Historian Stuart McCook argued that, circa 1900, Latin American countries created national floras (like that of Costa Rica seen in the sources) that served to both discover potential economic resources and consolidate control of national territory. Plants were thus incorporated into a nation's identity while botanists imposed a new kind of scientific and economic value on nature itself (McCook 2002).

Botany has done much to contribute to the destruction of Latin American nature, but in recent years botanists have come to lament the negligence of their predecessors. New kinds of agriculture--imported and developed with the help of botany--demanded massive changes to the landscape, most conspicuous of which is the destruction of tropical rainforests. Just as botanists have scoured the jungles for centuries in search of resources and medicines, twenty-first century scientists continue to believe that the many still-unknown jungle flora could contain valuable medicines or other products that may be made extinct before they can be discovered. On an even larger scale, the preservation of rainforests may be necessary to the environmental health of the planet on the whole by helping to forestall global warming and other world-wide problems. It seems that now, perhaps more than ever, botany in Latin America is far more than an abstract study of plant life.

Questions for further exploration:

1. Look at how plants are depicted in the sources of this (and other) topics. Consider such questions as: Have images of plants become increasingly more "scientific" with the passage of time? What criteria would the audience of various illustrations use to judge the usefulness of these depictions? Was the way in which a plant was drawn done differently depending on the intention of the botanical study?

2. The peacock flower, an American herbal abortificant seen in the sources, was brought to Europe for cultivation but knowledge of its medicinal uses did not follow it across the Atlantic. Considering the differences between the societies of the eighteenth century Caribbean and Europe, why might knowledge of a plant used to induce abortions not have been publicized in Europe? Your analysis could include such issues as power, race, gender, and empire.

3. At various times, both European empires and the U.S. have used botany in Latin America to achieve various ends. What are some of the ways in which these foreign powers have exploited Latin American plants? Why did they do this in Latin America? What are some similarities and differences between how the U.S. and European empires used botany in Latin America?

4. Like other branches of science, botany has been centralized in and promulgated by scientific institutions. Focus on one of these institutions and make an argument about its impact on botany, society, economics, etc. in Latin America. Some possibilities (in this topic and beyond) include Harvard's Biological Station, Mexico City's Royal Botanical Garden, the West Indies Central Sugar Cane Breeding Station, Madrid's Royal Botanical Garden, and several others.

5. Compare the impact and import of botany in Latin America to other branches of applied science (mining, engineering, agriculture, medicine, etc.). Is botany more important to the region's history and development than these other fields? Why or why not? Is there something intrinsic in how botany has been done in Latin America that has (or has not) made it more significant? or could a historian make a similar argument about the importance of another applied science?

Further reading:

Bleichmar, Daniela. "Painting as Exploration: Visualizing Nature in Eighteenth Century Colonial Science." Colonial Latin American Review. 15: 1 (June 2006): 81-104.

De Vos, Paula S. "Research, Development, and Empire: State Support of Science in the Later Spanish Empire." Colonial Latin American Review. 15: 1 (June 2006): 55-79.

Estrella, Eduardo. "Expediciones Botanicas." In Jose L. Peset y Antonio Lafuente Carlos III y la Ciencia de la Ilustracion. Madrid: Alianza Universidad, 1989. pp. 331-352.

Galloway, J.H. "Botany in the Service of Empire: The Barbados Cane-Breeding Program and the Revival of the Caribbean Sugar Indistry, 1880s-1930s." Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 86: 4 (December 1996): 682-706.

McCook, Stuart George. States of Nature: Science, Agriculture, and Environment in the Spanish Caribbean, 1760-1940. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2002.

Roys, Ralph Loveland. The Ethno-Botany of the Maya. Philadelphia: Institute for the Study of Human Issues, 1976.

Schiebinger, Londa. Plants and Empire: Colonial Bioprospecting in the Atlantic World. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2004.

Steele, Arthur Robert. Flowers for the King: The Expedition of Ruiz and Pavon and the Flora of Peru. Durham: Duke University Press, 1964.


You"re prepare dinner, and also the cooking recipes you"re complying with calls for 1 teaspoon of minced garlic. You look at the head that garlic on her counter and wonder how many you should reduced up. Alternatively, you have actually a seasoned of pre-minced garlic, and your cooking recipes calls because that one clove that minced garlic. If there can be some variations based upon the dimension of the cloves that garlic, normally speaking, one clove will offer you 1/2 teaspoon minced garlic.

You are watching: 3 cloves minced garlic equals how many teaspoons

The number of cloves in a head that garlic varies based on the kind of garlic and the dimension of the head. Fine food preparation states that hardneck varieties of garlic commonly have in between six and eight cloves. The hardneck garlic cloves have tendency to be same or nearly equal in size. A head that hardneck garlic could give you everywhere from three to four teaspoons the minced garlic.

Softneck ranges of garlic frequently have more cloves every head, anywhere from 12 come 24. The dimension of the cloves can also vary significantly in a solitary head that softneck garlic, v some being much smaller 보다 others. A head the softneck garlic can give you all over from six to 12 teaspoons the minced garlic.

Using Jarred Minced Garlic

If friend don"t have time to peel and mince garlic, you can be interested in swapping the end fresh cloves because that jarred, pre-minced garlic. Simply as there is variety among garlic cloves, over there is also variety among brand of minced garlic. Depending upon the size of the mince, all over from 1/4 teaspoon come 1 teaspoon of jarred minced garlic deserve to equal one clove the garlic.

The packaging could give you conversions to aid you prepare recipes. For example, Brand A the minced garlic could tell you the 1/2 tespoon of it equates to a clove that garlic. The brand of Brand B can tell you that 1 teaspoon of that garlic is the very same as a clove of new garlic.

Minced vs. Crushed vs. Chopped Garlic

Depending ~ above the cooking recipes you"re preparing, you can see minced garlic, chopped garlic, or crushed garlic included in the perform of ingredients. Minced, chopped, and also crushed describes the dimension of the garlic pieces. Chopped garlic has actually the greatest pieces when crushed garlic is paste-like. If one clove the garlic will typically produce 1/2 tespoon of minced garlic, the will create 1 teaspoon of chopped garlic.

How tiny you reduced up a clove of garlic not just affects the volume of garlic you usage in a recipe. It likewise affects the taste of the garlic. The smaller the piece of garlic, the an ext pungent the flavor will certainly be. Chopped garlic will usually have a milder flavor contrasted to minced or crushed garlic.

Substitutes for Minced Garlic

If a cooking recipes calls for minced garlic, and you don"t have any, you aren"t the end of luck. Part substitutes are available. Because that example, if you have garlic powder, you deserve to use 1/8 teaspoon for every clove of garlic referred to as for in a recipe.

See more: How Long Does Pennsylvania Dutch Egg Nog Expiration Date, What Liquor Is In Pennsylvania Dutch Egg Nog

Another option is to usage granulated garlic in location of new cloves or jarred minced garlic. Use 1/4 tespoon granulated garlic for every clove needed. Girlfriend can also substitute garlic flakes for fresh garlic. Usage 1/2 teaspoon garlic flakes rather of one clove fresh garlic.


This is an unaffiliated request

Zoned Parking Signs مفتوح

1601 - 1621 First Street NW, Washington, DC عرض على الخريطة إخفاء الخريطة
تحريك علامة لتمثيل موقع القضية الخاص بك. سوف عنوان لا يتغير.

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There is a need for zoned parking signage on First Street, NW between Q St. and Florida Avenue, NW. I am told we cannot have the signage because of the park on the corder of First Street and Florida Avenue, NW. But most of the streets around us have signage which limits where we can park. Parking is on one side of the street, and not on the side where the houses are. We have several senior citizens, some persons with disabilities and parents who have small children who need to be able to park in our block close to our homes. Our block only accomodates 13 cars. We have nine houses in this block, so we should have first priority for parking. Why should people visiting the park have a right to park longer than 2 hours preventing us from parking? People from other streets and other states park in this block which makes it necesary for us to have to park on other streets many times. There should be an exception to the rule in a case like this. Another option, would be to have parking on both sides of the street and designate the other side as zoned parking.

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List of Felon Friendly Employers

If you are looking for Companies that will hire people with criminal records, well look no further. We have compiled a list of 100+ and counting felony friendly employers who don’t judge individuals for their past actions.

The list below shall serve as a starting point for felons and ex-convicts in finding a job after leaving prison. The companies listed below are known to also offer jobs for felons and that does not guarantee you will be able to get a job there. You will have to check out their website, do the research and then go through the application process like normal.

AAMCO is an American transmission-repair franchise founded by Robert Morgan and Anthony A. Martino in 1957 in Philadelphia.

Ace Hardware

Ace Hardware Corporation is an American hardware retailers’ cooperative based in Oak Brook, Illinois, United States. It is the world’s largest hardware retail cooperative, and the largest non-grocery American retail cooperative.

Allied Van Lines

Allied Van Lines is an American moving company founded in 1928 as a cooperative non-profit organization owned by its member agents on the east coast of the United States, to help with organizing return loads and minimizing dead-heading. In 1968 it was reorganized as a standard public company, with shares.

American Greetings

American Greetings Corporation is a privately owned American company and is the world’s second largest greeting card producer behind Hallmark Cards.

Andersen Corporation

Andersen Corporation is an international window and door manufacturing enterprise employing approximately 10,000 people at more than thirty manufacturing facilities, logistics centers, and company owned retail locations.

Apple Inc.

Apple Inc. is an American multinational technology company that specializes in consumer electronics, computer software, and online services. Apple is the world’s largest technology company by revenue and, since January 2021, the world’s most valuable company.

Aramark Corporation, known commonly as Aramark, is an American food service, facilities, and uniform services provider to clients in areas including education, healthcare, business, prisons, and leisure.

The American Bell Telephone Company formed the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) subsidiary in 1885. .

Avon Products

Avon Products, Inc. or simply known as Avon, is a multinational cosmetics, skin care, fragrance and personal care company, based in London. Avon had annual sales of $5.57 billion worldwide in 2019.

Baskin-Robbins is an American multinational chain of ice cream and cake specialty shop restaurants owned by Inspire Brands.

Bed, Bath & Beyond

Bed Bath & Beyond Inc. is an American chain of domestic merchandise retail stores. Bed Bath & Beyond operates many stores in the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Australia. Bed Bath & Beyond was founded in 1971. It is counted among the Fortune 500 and the Forbes Global 2000

Black & Decker

Black+Decker Inc. is an American manufacturer of power tools, accessories, hardware, home improvement products, home appliances and fastening systems headquartered in Towson, Maryland, north of Baltimore, where the company was originally established in 1910

Blue Cross & Blue Shield Association

Blue Cross Blue Shield Association is a federation of 35 separate United States health insurance companies that provide health insurance in the United States to more than 106 million people.

Braum’s Inc

Braum’s is an American family-owned restaurant chain based in Tuttle, Oklahoma.

Buffalo Wild Wings

Campbell’s Soup

Campbell Soup Company, doing business as Campbell’s, is an American processed food and snack company. The company is most closely associated with its flagship canned soup products; however, through mergers and acquisitions, it has grown to become one of the largest processed food companies in the U.S.

Carl’s Jr

Caterpillar Inc.

Cintas Corporation is an American corporation headquartered in Cincinnati, Ohio, which provides a range of products and services to businesses including uniforms, mats, mops, cleaning and restroom supplies, first aid and safety products, fire extinguishers and testing, and safety courses.[

Community Education Centers

Community Education Centers, Inc. abbreviated CEC was a private corrections company based in West Caldwell, New Jersey and operated residential reentry facilities, jails, and in-prison drug treatment programs in seventeen American states and in Bermuda.

ConAgra Foods

Conagra Brands, Inc. is an American consumer packaged goods holding company headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. Conagra makes and sells products under various brand names that are available in supermarkets, restaurants, and food service establishments.

Dairy Queen

D.Q. Corp., more commonly known as Dairy Queen and sometimes referred as D.Q., is an American chain of soft serve ice cream and fast-food restaurants owned by International Dairy Queen, Inc., a subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway.

Delta Faucet

Denny’s is an American table service diner-style restaurant chain. It operates over 1,700 restaurants in many countries. Originally opened as a coffee shop under the name Danny’s Donuts, Denny’s is now known for always being open and serving breakfast, lunch, and dinner around the clock.

Dole Food Company

Dole plc is an Irish agricultural multinational corporation headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina. The company is the largest producer of fruit and vegetables in the world, operating with 74,300 full-time and seasonal employees who are responsible for over 300 products in 90 countries.

Dollar Rent a Car

Dollar Tree

Dr. Pepper

Keurig Dr Pepper Inc., formerly Keurig Green Mountain and originally Green Mountain Coffee Roasters, is a publicly traded American beverage and beverage-maker conglomerate with headquarters in Burlington, Massachusetts. Its east-coast division sells coffee and other beverages, and Keurig brewers.

Dunlop Tires

Dunlop Tires is a brand of tires which is managed by different companies around the world.

Dunkin’ Donuts

DuPont de Nemours, Inc., commonly known as DuPont, is an American company formed by the merger of Dow Chemical and E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company on August 31, 2017, and the subsequent spinoffs of Dow Inc. and Corteva. Prior to the spinoffs it was the world’s largest chemical company in terms of sales

Duracell Inc. is an American manufacturer of alkaline batteries, specialty cells, rechargeables and smart power systems, owned by Berkshire Hathaway. The company has its origins in the 1920s, through the work of Samuel Ruben and Philip Mallory, and the formation of the P. R. Mallory Company.

Seiko Epson Corporation, or simply known as Epson, is a Japanese electronics company and one of the world’s largest manufacturers of computer printers, and information and imaging related equipment.

ERMCO performs electrical, systems and automation installation for major commercial or industrial projects located in Indianapolis and across the United States

Family Dollar

Family Dollar is an American variety store chain. With over 8,000 locations in all states except Alaska, Hawaii, Oregon and Washington, it was the second largest retailer of its type in the United States

Firestone Complete Auto Care

Flying J ( Pilot )

Pilot Travel Centers LLC, doing business as Pilot Flying J, is a North American chain of truck stops in the United States and Canada.

Fruit of the Loom

General Electric Company

General Electric Company is an American multinational conglomerate incorporated in New York State and headquartered in Boston.

General Mills

Goodwill Industries International Inc., or shortened to Goodwill, is an American nonprofit 501 organization that provides job training, employment placement services, and other community-based programs for people who have barriers preventing them from otherwise obtaining a job.

W. W. Grainger, Inc. is an American Fortune 500 industrial supply company founded in 1927 in Chicago by William W. Grainger. He founded the company in order to provide consumers with access to a consistent supply of motors.

Greyhound Lines

Greyhound Lines, Inc., usually shortened to Greyhound, is an intercity bus common carrier serving more than 3,800 destinations across North America.

American multinational clothing company, America’s first name in comfort with clothing for the whole family.

Hilton Hotels

Home Depot

IKEA is a conglomerate that designs and sells ready-to-assemble furniture, kitchen appliances and home accessories, among other goods and home services. Founded in Sweden in 1943 by 17-year-old Ingvar Kamprad, IKEA has been the world’s largest furniture retailer since 2008.

In-N-Out Burger

In-N-Out Burger is an American regional chain of fast food restaurants with locations primarily in California and the Southwest. It was founded in Baldwin Park, California, in 1948 by Harry Snyder and Esther Snyder.

Jack in the Box

Jack in the Box is an American fast-food restaurant chain founded February 21, 1951, by Robert O. Peterson in San Diego, California, where it is headquartered. The chain has over 2,200 locations, primarily serving the West Coast of the United States.

Kmart Corporation is an American big box department store chain headquartered in Hoffman Estates, Illinois, United States. The company was incorporated in 1899 as S. S. Kresge Corporation and renamed Kmart Corporation in 1977. The first store with the Kmart name opened in 1962.

Kelly Moore Paints

Kelly-Moore Paints is a paint manufacturing company founded in San Carlos, California in 1946 by William Kelly and William Moore. It has stores located in California, Texas, Oklahoma, and Nevada. Hurst, Texas is their only manufacturing plant

Kohl’s is an American department store retail chain, operated by Kohl’s Corporation. As of February 2013 it is the largest department store chain in the United States, with 1,158 locations, operating stores in every U.S. state except Hawaii.

Kraft Foods

The Kraft Foods Group is an American food manufacturing and processing conglomerate, split from Kraft Foods Inc. in 2012 and headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. It became part of Kraft Heinz in 2015

The Kroger Company, or simply Kroger, is an American retail company founded by Bernard Kroger in 1883 in Cincinnati, Ohio. It is the United States’ largest supermarket by revenue, and the second-largest general retailer. Kroger is the seventh largest American-owned private employer in the United States.

LongHorn Steakhouse

LongHorn Steakhouse is an American multinational casual dining restaurant chain owned and operated by Darden Restaurants, Inc., headquartered in Orlando, Florida. As of 2016, LongHorn Steakhouse generated $1.6 billion in sales in its 481 locations.

Lowe’s Companies, Inc., often shortened to Lowe’s, is an American retail company specializing in home improvement. Headquartered in Mooresville, North Carolina, the company operates a chain of retail stores in the United States and Canada.

LSG Sky Chefs

LSG Group, registered as LSG Lufthansa Service Holding AG is an Aviation Service Company which manages multiple brands, including LSG Sky Chefs and Retail inMotion.

Men’s Wearhouse

Tailored Brands, Inc. is an American retail holding company for various men’s apparel stores, including the Men’s Wearhouse and Jos. A. Bank brands.

Metals USA

Metals USA is a long-term supplier to a major manufacturer, providing surface critical and flatness critical hot rolled pickled and oiled CS sheets and blanks.

Miller Brewing Company

The Miller Brewing Company is an American brewery and beer company in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. In 2016, Molson Coors acquired the full global brand portfolio of Miller Brewing Company. Molson Coors operates the Miller Brewery at the site of the original Miller Brewing Company complex in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Motorola, Inc. was an American multinational telecommunications company based in Schaumburg, Illinois, United States. After having lost $4.3 billion from 2007 to 2009, the company split into two independent public companies, Motorola Mobility and Motorola Solutions on January 4, 2011.

The New York Times

The New York Times is an American daily newspaper based in New York City with a worldwide readership. Founded in 1851, the Times has since won 132 Pulitzer Prizes, and has long been regarded within the industry as a national “newspaper of record”. It is ranked 18th in the world by circulation and 3rd in the U.S.

Olive Garden

Phillip Morris Inc.

Red Lobster

Red Robin

Red Robin Gourmet Burgers and Brews, or simply Red Robin, is an American chain of casual dining restaurants founded in September 1969 in Seattle, Washington. In 1979, the first franchised Red Robin restaurant was opened in Yakima, Washington. Red Robin’s headquarters are in Greenwood Village, Colorado.

Trader Joes

Trader Joe’s is a American chain of grocery stores headquartered in Monrovia, California. The chain has over 530 stores nationwide. The first Trader Joe’s store was opened in 1967 by founder Joe Coulombe in Pasadena, California.

Tyson Foods

U-Haul is an American moving equipment and storage rental company, based in Phoenix, Arizona, that has been in operation since 1945. The company was founded by Leonard Shoen in Ridgefield, Washington, who began it in the garage owned by his wife’s family, and expanded it through franchising with gas stations.

US Steal Corporation

Volunteers of America

Volunteers of America is a nonprofit organization founded in 1896 that provides affordable housing and other assistance services primarily to low-income people throughout the United States

Wyndham Hotels

Wyndham Hotels and Resorts is a group of chains of hotels and resorts located mainly in the United States and Canada, but also in Mexico and the Caribbean.

Salvation Army

Sara Lee

Shell Oil

Shell Oil Company is the United States-based wholly owned subsidiary of Royal Dutch Shell, a transnational corporation “oil major” of Anglo-Dutch origins, which is amongst the largest oil companies in the world. Approximately 5.000 of the 72.000 Shell employees globally are based in the U.S.

Subway is an American fast food restaurant franchise that primarily sells submarine sandwiches, salads and beverages. It was founded by the 17 year old Fred DeLuca and financed by Peter Buck in 1965 as Pete’s Super Submarines in Bridgeport, Connecticut.

Toys “R” Us

Toys “R” Us is an American toy, clothing, and baby product retailer owned by Tru Kids, Inc. and various others. It was founded in April 1948, with its headquarters located in Parsippany-Troy Hills, New Jersey, in the New York metropolitan area.

Albertsons Companies, Inc. is an American grocery company founded and headquartered in Boise, Idaho. With 2,253 stores as of the third quarter of fiscal year 2020 and 270,000 employees as of fiscal year 2019, the company is the second-largest supermarket chain in North America after Kroger, which has 2,750 stores

Applebee’s is an American company which develops, franchises, and operates the Applebee’s Neighborhood Grill + Bar restaurant chain. The Applebee’s concept focuses on casual dining, with mainstream American dishes such as salads, chicken, pasta, burgers, and “riblets”.

Bahama Breeze

Best Western

Carrier Corporation

Chrysler is one of the “Big Three” automobile manufacturers in the United States, headquartered in Auburn Hills, Michigan. It is the American subsidiary of Dutch-domiciled automotive company Stellantis.

Dart Containers

Dart Container Corporation of Mason, Michigan, United States, is the world’s largest manufacturer of foam cups and containers, producing about as many as all competitors combined. Dart Container is privately held by the Dart family.

Deer Park Spring Water

Deer Park is a brand of bottled water from BlueTriton Brands, produced and marketed primarily in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States.

Eddie Vs Prime Seafood

Eddie V’s Prime Seafood is an American seafood and steak restaurant chain

Embassy Suites

Embassy Suites by Hilton is a chain of upscale all-suite hotels trademarked by Hilton Worldwide. As of December 31, 2019, there are 257 locations in five countries and territories with 59,712 rooms.

Food Services of America

Food Services of America (FSA) is one of the nation’s largest broadline foodservice distributors, serving customers throughout the mid-west, west and Alaska …

Frito-Lay is an American subsidiary of PepsiCo that manufactures, markets, and sells corn chips, potato chips, and other snack foods.

Genentech, Inc., is an American biotechnology corporation which became a subsidiary of Roche in 2009. Genentech Research and Early Development operates as an independent center within Roche. As of February 2020, Genentech employed 13,638 people.

Golden Corral

Great Clips

Great Clips is a hair salon franchise with over 4,100 locations across the United States and Canada. It is headquartered in Bloomington, Minnesota, a suburb of Minneapolis. In 2013, it had system-wide sales of $1.03 billion.

HH Gregg

H. H. Gregg, Inc. is an American online retailer and former retail chain of consumer electronics and home appliances in the Midwest, Northeast, and Southeast United States,

IHOP is an American multinational pancake house restaurant chain that specializes in breakfast foods. It is owned by Dine Brands Global—a company formed after IHOP’s purchase of Applebee’s, with 99% of the restaurants run by independent franchisees.

J.B. Hunt Transport

Jiffy Lube

Jiffy Lube International, Inc. is an American brand of automotive oil change specialty shops founded in Utah, United States, in 1971

Jimmy Johns

Jimmy John’s Franchise, LLC is an American franchised sandwich fast food restaurant chain owned by Inspire Brands.

Nordstrom, Inc. is an American luxury department store chain. Founded in 1901 by John W. Nordstrom and Carl F. Wallin, it originated as a shoe store and evolved into a full-line retailer with departments for clothing, footwear, handbags, jewelry, accessories, cosmetics, and fragrances.

O’Charley’s is a casual dining restaurants chain in the United States, with more than 175+ company-owned locations. O’Charley’s is located in 17 Southern and Midwestern states, including three joint venture O’Charley’s restaurants in Louisiana. O’Charley’s was part of the parent company O’Charley’s, Inc

Pappadeaux Seafood Kitchen has been serving up the finest and freshest seafood around for more than 25 years.

Preferred Freezer Services

Preferred Freezer Services (PFS) is a global leader in advanced design and engineered temperature-controlled warehouses.

Praxair, Inc. was an American worldwide industrial gases company. Founded in 1907, Praxair was the largest industrial gases company in North and South America, and the third-largest worldwide by revenue. In 2018 it merged with Linde AG to form Linde plc. The Praxair name was discontinued on September 1, 2020.

Radisson Hotels is an international hotel chain headquartered in the United States. A division of the Radisson Hotel Group, it operates the brands Radisson Blu, Radisson Red, Radisson Collection, Country Inn & Suites, and Park Inn by Radisson among others.

Restaurant Depot

Members-only chain selling wholesale food, beverages, equipment & supplies for restaurants & bars.

Reyes Beverage Group

The parent company of Reyes Beverage Group, Martin Brower, Great Lakes Coca-Cola, Reyes Coca-Cola, and Reyes Fleet Management

Ruby Tuesday

Ruby Tuesday Inc. is an American multinational foodservice retailer that owns, operates, and franchises Ruby Tuesday restaurants. The concept was started in 1972 by Samuel E. Beall III. The corporation was formed in 1996 as a reincorporation of Morrison Restaurants Inc.

For nearly a century, the Rumpke Family has operated one of the nation’s largest waste and recycling companies providing residential and commercial trash services.

Seasons 52

Seasons 52 is an American fresh grill and wine bar developed in 2003. The brand concept is to deliver a casually sophisticated atmosphere, seasonal menu, and offer fresh ingredients to deliver menu items that are naturally lighter. As of 2016, there are 42 Seasons 52 locations in the United States.

Tesla, Inc. is an American electric vehicle and clean energy company based in Palo Alto, California, United States. Tesla designs and manufactures electric cars, battery energy storage from home to grid-scale, solar panels and solar roof tiles, and related products and services

US Foods

WinCo Foods

WinCo Foods, Inc. is a privately held, majority employee-owned American supermarket chain based in Boise, Idaho, with retail stores in Arizona, California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oklahoma, Oregon, Texas, Utah, and Washington. It was founded in 1967 as a no-frills warehouse-style store with low prices.

Yard House

Yard House is an American sports bar chain, with 80+ locations across the United States. Founded in 1996 in Long Beach, California by Steele Platt and co-founders Tom Yelenick, William Wollrab and Steve Reynolds, it now operates out of Orlando, Florida.

Hopefully, this list of jobs for felons as well as jobs that hire felons will be useful for you or someone you may know. All we ask is that you share this information…