About Mapathon

Without accurate maps, it is difficult for MSF to locate the people most in need.

Maps are essential for MSF to get to patients, to assess the needs of crisis-hit communities, to track the spread of diseases and to respond to local events. But much of the area where MSF works is simply missing from any map. In many project locations, MSF relies on hand-drawn maps provided by the local authorities, which are not up-to-date and have only limited information.

Mapathon provides an opportunity for volunteer mappers to digitally connect and map the most vulnerable places in the developing world, so that MSF and other international non-governmental organisations (NGOs) can use these maps and data to better respond to crisis affecting these areas.

By participating in Mapathon, you can directly contribute to MSF's humanitarian medical activities.

How can you help?

There are three stages in the Missing Maps* process:

Step 1
Volunteer mappers trace the features of an area of interest. Using aerial photographs as a backdrop, we can literally trace road networks, buildings and landmarks to build a line drawing of the area.
People on the ground collect the local names of neighbourhoods, roads, buildings, etc. This can be done by physically taking printed copies of maps created in step one, or by data collection on GPS devices or smartphones, and checking this information locally.
Step 3
MSF and other humanitarian organisations can start using the mapped information in outbreak management, epidemiology, logistics and other activities that save lives.

The first stage of this process can be done by anyone, from anywhere that has the Internet. MSF is calling for volunteers to work together to create maps and make a real impact on the delivery of healthcare in the field. No prior experience is required and training will be provided.

* Missing Maps is an open, collaborative initiative founded by Médecins Sans Frontières/Doctors Without Borders (MSF), the British Red Cross, the American Red Cross and the Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team (HOT) with an aim to provide international and local NGOs and individuals with geographic data to better respond to crises. Mapathon is the first stage of the Missing Maps Project.


Knauer, Christian; Nötzel, Klaus Ralf; CAM GmbH; Deutsche Telekom AG (International Foundation for Telemetering, 2001-10)
      Deutsche Telekom is operating various communication satellites since 1989. The SCC (spacecraft control center) is located near Frankfurt / Germany. The entire system is based on antenna/RF equipment, baseband and computer software packages running on a computer network of different machines. Due to increased maintenance effort the old baseband system needed to be replaced. This also had effects to the computer system, especially to the M&C. The aim was to design the entire system in a way that the operation effort in costs aspects and human intervention are minimized. This paper shows the successful real world project of reengineering a traditional spacecraft control center (SCC). It is shown how a fifteen year old hardware (baseband system) and software design was replaced by a modern concept during normal operations. The new software packages execute all necessary tasks for spacecraft- and ground station control. The Monitor and Control System (M&C) is a database driven design (FRAMTEC, from CAM Germany).


S06 E29 - Infinity Gay Human Chimeras On the ISS: Transhumanism Pt. 1

The Paranormies by Johnny, Reinhardt, Dogbot and Grognak
The guys start a new series on Transhumanism. A new religion, an old idea. What is it, where did it come from, who is behind it, and where is it going? Are we still evolving (if you believe that) or is humanity following the laws of thermodynamics and physics like the rest of the universe and heading towards entropy? From Prometheus to CE  ...  See more
Jul 30 2022


Difference Between Chemical and Physical Weathering

••• pattonmania/iStock/GettyImages

Weathering processes crack, wear away, and weaken rocks. Over time, it may cause large changes to the landscape. Physical and chemical weathering degrade rocks in different ways. While physical weathering breaks down a rock's physical structure, chemical weathering alters a rock's chemical composition. Physical weathering works with mechanical forces, such as friction and impact, while chemical weathering takes place at the molecular level with the exchange of ions and cations.

What is Physical Weathering

Physical weathering describes a change that affects the structure of a rock, but not its composition. It is sometimes also called mechanical weathering since it only causes mechanical changes to the rock's structure. Forces that shatter rocks, rub away rock surfaces, or form cracks within the rock are examples of physical weathering. Physical weathering does not change the chemical composition of rocks.

Types of Physical Weathering

  • Wedging is caused by substances that get into holes and cracks in rock and expand outwards. This exerts pressure on the rock and may cause it to further crack and split apart. Water that freezes in cracks and forms ice, salt from evaporated seawater, and growing plant roots may all cause wedging.

  • Exfoliation occurs when rocks that formed in high pressure environments are brought to the Earth's surface. When the pressure on these rocks decreases, they expand and split apart into sheets.

  • Abrasion is caused when rocks rub together. For example, the rocks on a riverbed smooth each other because they collide in the current. Small particles of rock carried by the wind may cause abrasion as well.

  • Thermal expansion is caused by heating. When rocks are heated -- as by the sun -- they expand. If different portions of a rock expand at different rates, the heated parts will exert pressure on each other, and crack.

What Is Chemical Weathering

While physical weathering breaks down rocks without altering their composition, chemical weathering alters the chemicals that compose the rocks. Depending on the chemicals involved, the rock might disintegrate entirely, or might simply become softer and more vulnerable to other forms of weathering. Physical and chemical weathering often work hand in hand: chemical weathering weakens the rock and physical weathering breaks it down.

Types of Chemical Weathering

  • Oxidation is the reaction of oxygen with chemicals in a rock. For instance, oxygen reacts with iron to form iron oxide -- rust -- which is soft and vulnerable to physical weathering.

  • Hydrolysis is a process in which a rock absorbs water into its chemical structure. A rock with a higher water content is softer, and thus easier for physical weathering, or even just gravity, to decay.

  • Carbonation is caused by carbonic acid in water reacting with and degrading rock. This acid is especially effective at degrading limestone. Underground carbonation may form limestone caverns.

  • Acid rain is caused by sulfur and nitrogen compounds in the air reacting with water to form acids that then fall to the ground. These acids are particularly harmful to marble, chalk, and limestone, and cause damage to tombstones, statues, and other public monuments.

Related Articles

List Four Causes of Weathering
Physical & Chemical Weathering
What Is Biological Weathering?
What Are the Two Types of Weathering?
What Factors Cause Mechanical Weathering?
What Are the Four Causes of Mechanical Weathering?
The Effects of Physical Weathering
List Four Causes of Weathering
What Factors Determine the Rate of Weathering?
Definition of Chemical Weathering
What Are Examples of Mechanical Weathering?
The Effect of Freezing & Thawing on Rock
What Are the Agents of Weathering?
What Is Unloading and How Does It Contribute to Weathering?
Weathering & Erosions Activities
Weathering Effects
What Are the Three General Types of Rocks?
How Does Plate Tectonics Affect the Rock Cycle?
What Factors Affect the Melting Temperature of Rock?
Definition of Spheroidal Weathering

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We're Getting Mutants in the MCU - The Loop

Braun Tube Workshop.jpg
The outside of the Braun Tube Workshop.

The Braun Tube Workshop, also known as the CRT Workshop is the business owned by Yugo Tennouji located in Akihabara. The second floor acts as the base for the Future Gadget Lab. The business specializes in the selling and repairing of Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) televisions. While once successful, business has slowed down significantly since the popularity of LCD televisions took off. Because of how slow business is, Yugo is often inconsistent with the opening hours, with the shop typically opening anywhere between 11 am & 1 pm.


Marissa Knight

Dr. Grubb started treating my 15yr old Golden Retriever, Chloe, for some mobility issues. Upon our initial meeting, Dr. Grubb did a thorough assessment and made some recommendations. Chloe was immediately very comfortable with her. The acupuncture and laser treatments made Chloe feel so much better! Dr. Grubb is extremely responsive and timely and was able to answer any questions I had. She made me feel confident as a pet parent. Several months after treatments started for Chloe we got a sad and scary cancer diagnosis. Dr. Grubb was able to modify Chloe’s treatment plan to make her comfortable for her remaining time.

Dr. Grubb also started acupuncture treatments on my 13yr old Golden Retriever, Ava. Ava also got a cancer diagnosis and the acupuncture treatments are keeping her comfortable and upbeat. Ava gets so excited – she barks and does a happy dance and gets in position for her acupuncture treatment. Dr. Grubb is so kind, caring and makes a true connection with your animal! If you are wondering if any of these therapies are “worth it” or “work” – the answer is YES!


scispace - formally typeset

About: Metal is a(n) research topic. Over the lifetime, 21084 publication(s) have been published within this topic receiving 484137 citation(s). The topic is also known as: metals.
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Journal ArticleDOI
25 Apr 1997-Catalysis Today
Abstract: The adsorption properties and reactivities of gold are summarized in terms of their size dependency from bulk to fine particles, clusters and atoms. The catalytic performances of gold markedly depend on dispersion, supports, and preparation methods. When gold is deposited on select metal oxides as hemispherical ultra-fine particles with diameters smaller than 5 run, it exhibits surprisingly high activities and/or selectivities in the combustion of CO and saturated hydrocarbons, the oxidation-decomposition of amines and organic halogenated compounds, the partial oxidation of hydrocarbons, the hydrogenation of carbon oxides, unsaturated carbonyl compounds, alkynes and alkadienes, and the reduction of nitrogen oxides. The unique catalytic nature of supported gold can be explained by assuming that the gold-metal oxide perimeter interface acts as a site for activating at least one of the reactants, for example, oxygen. Some examples and future prospects in applications are also briefly described.

3,743 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
07 Feb 1996-Langmuir
Abstract: The use of optical measurements to monitor electrochemical changes on the surface of nanosized metal particles is discussed within the Drude model. The absorption spectrum of a metal sol in water is shown to be strongly affected by cathodic or anodic polarization, chemisorption, metal adatom deposition, and alloying. Anion adsorption leads to strong damping of the free electron absorption. Cathodic polarization leads to anion desorption. Underpotential deposition (upd) of electropositive metal layers results in dramatic blue-shifts of the surface plasmon band of the substrate. The deposition of just 0.1 monolayer can be readily detected by eye. In some cases alloying occurs spontaneously during upd. Alloy formation can be ascertained from the optical absorption spectrum in the case of gold deposition onto silver sols. The underpotential deposition of silver adatoms onto palladium leads to the formation of a homogeneous silver shell, but the mean free path is less than predicted, due to lattice strain in t...

3,285 citations

01 Jan 1994-
Abstract: 1. Introduction 2. Geometric structure of metal-oxide surfaces 3. Surface lattice vibrations 4. Electronic structure of non-transition metal-oxide surfaces 5. Electronic structure of transition metal-oxide surfaces 6. Molecular adsorption on oxides 7. Interfaces of metal oxides with metals and other oxides References Index.

2,502 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
15 Aug 2003-Science
TL;DR: It is reported here that for the class of nanostructured gold– or platinum–cerium oxide catalysts, which are active for the water-gas shift reaction, metal nanoparticles do not participate in the reaction.
Abstract: Traditional analysis of reactions catalyzed by supported metals involves the structure of the metallic particles. However, we report here that for the class of nanostructured gold- or platinum-cerium oxide catalysts, which are active for the water-gas shift reaction, metal nanoparticles do not participate in the reaction. Nonmetallic gold or platinum species strongly associated with surface cerium-oxygen groups are responsible for the activity.

2,398 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
20 Jul 1995-Nature
Abstract: THE unique role that gold plays in society is to a large extent related to the fact that it is the most noble of all metals: it is the least reactive metal towards atoms or molecules at the interface with a gas or a liquid. The inertness of gold does not reflect a general inability to form chemical bonds, however—gold forms very stable alloys with many other metals. To understand the nobleness of gold, we have studied a simple surface reaction, the dissociation of H2 on the surface of gold and of three other metals (copper, nickel and platinum) that lie close to it in the periodic table. We present self-consistent density-functional calculations of the activation barriers and chemisorption energies which clearly illustrate that nobleness is related to two factors: the degree of filling of the antibonding states on adsorption, and the degree of orbital overlap with the adsorbate. These two factors, which determine both the strength of the adsorbate-metal interaction and the energy barrier for dissociation, operate together to the maxima] detriment of adsorbate binding and subsequent reactivity on gold.

2,175 citations

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scispace - formally typeset

Stall (fluid mechanics)

About: Stall (fluid mechanics) is a(n) research topic. Over the lifetime, 6780 publication(s) have been published within this topic receiving 105380 citation(s).
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Journal ArticleDOI
18 Jun 1999-Science
Abstract: The enhanced aerodynamic performance of insects results from an interaction of three distinct yet interactive mechanisms: delayed stall, rotational circulation, and wake capture. Delayed stall functions during the translational portions of the stroke, when the wings sweep through the air with a large angle of attack. In contrast, rotational circulation and wake capture generate aerodynamic forces during stroke reversals, when the wings rapidly rotate and change direction. In addition to contributing to the lift required to keep an insect aloft, these two rotational mechanisms provide a potent means by which the animal can modulate the direction and magnitude of flight forces during steering maneuvers. A comprehensive theory incorporating both translational and rotational mechanisms may explain the diverse patterns of wing motion displayed by different species of insects.

2,073 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
26 Dec 1996-Nature
Abstract: INSECTS cannot fly, according to the conventional laws of aerodynamics: during flapping flight, their wings produce more lift than during steady motion at the same velocities and angles of attack1–5. Measured instantaneous lift forces also show qualitative and quantitative disagreement with the forces predicted by conventional aerodynamic theories6–9. The importance of high-life aerodynamic mechanisms is now widely recognized but, except for the specialized fling mechanism used by some insect species1,10–13, the source of extra lift remains unknown. We have now visualized the airflow around the wings of the hawkmoth Manduca sexta and a 'hovering' large mechanical model—the flapper. An intense leading-edge vortex was found on the down-stroke, of sufficient strength to explain the high-lift forces. The vortex is created by dynamic stall, and not by the rotational lift mechanisms that have been postulated for insect flight14–16. The vortex spirals out towards the wingtip with a spanwise velocity comparable to the flapping velocity. The three-dimensional flow is similar to the conical leading-edge vortex found on delta wings, with the spanwise flow stabilizing the vortex.

1,547 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Abstract: A study was conducted to assess the feasibility of performing computerized wing design by numerical optimization. The design program combined a full potential, inviscid aerodynamics code with a conjugate gradient optimization algorithm. Three design problems were selected to demonstrate the design technique. The first involved modifying the upper surface of the inboard 50% of a swept wing to reduce the shock drag subject to a constraint on wing volume. The second involved modifying the entire upper surface of the same swept wing (except the tip section) to increase the lift-drag ratio subject to constraints on wing volume and lift coefficient. The final problem involved modifying the inboard 50% of a low-speed wing to achieve good stall progression. Results from the three cases indicate that the technique is sufficiently accurate to permit substantial improvement in the design objectives.

893 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Abstract: An approximate theory is presented for post-stall transients in multistage axial compression systems. The theory leads to a set of three simultaneous nonlinear third-order partial differential equations for pressure rise, and average and disturbed values of flow coefficient, as functions of time and angle around the compressor. By a Galerkin procedure, angular dependence is averaged, and the equations become first order in time. These final equations are capable of describing the growth and possible decay of a rotating-stall cell during a compressor mass-flow transient. It is shown how rotating-stall-like and surgelike motions are coupled through these equations, and also how the instantaneous compressor pumping characteristic changes during the transient stall process.

768 citations

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Highlights of Noteworthy Decisions

Decision 1623 15
J. Josefo
  • Investigation by Tribunal (whether required)
  • Recurrences (compensable injury)

The worker suffered a shoulder injury in 1996. The worker appealed a decision of the Appeals Resolution Officer denying entitlement for a recurrence in 2011.

The Vice-Chair denied the worker's request that the Tribunal seek further medical information on a post-hearing basis. The Tribunal has authority to seek further medical information but that authority ought not to be used, and is not typically used, to displace the onus on the party to establish the case. Rather, it is used when, for example, there is contradictory medical evidence or there is a novel issue. That was not the situation in this case.
The worker did not have entitlement for a recurrence. Evidence did not establish a relationship between the original injury in 1996 and his current condition. The appeal was dismissed.


Single Family house
Seoul, Korea
completion on January 2018

Juwoon Lee, Sungsik Choi
4F, B1F
Hanwool Lee

1:10 The Gyeongbu Expressway, which penetrates through Seocho-gu, is creating buffer Greenery to protect the vehicle noise generated from the urban environment. The highway and the buffered green space are inserted into the existing urban structure, and some parcels that are cut off and left are inevitably left in a heterogeneous form, which is inferred as a 1:10 ratio. As the longitudinal rectangular shape, the site has a very deep depth. It can be found in some parts of Korea, such as Myeongdong. The extreme ratio of 1:10 is the starting point to discover a new space organization.

2.5m (Minimum landing condition for building activity 2m / Minimum width of parking lot entrance: 3m)
A 2.5m wide land can be licensed for construction, but parking is not allowed. Although it was possible to have a house of less than 50m², which does not require a car park, it was impossible to use a living room if the vertical line was placed within an area of 50m² due to the extremely narrow width. At the end of the twists and turns, we were allowed to pay the expenses according to the ordinance by recognizing the exception of the parking lot installation when the “parking lot was difficult to install”, and the parking lot installation duty was exempted and the width of the building act was broadened.

Space configuration without compartments The second floor consists of a living room - a dining room - a kitchen - a multi-purpose room, and the third floor consists of a bedroom, a laundry room, a bathroom, and an i-room (duplex). The second floor is a semi-private space, which serves as a shared space for residents and an intermediary space for visitors. The third floor constituted the personal space and the living support space of family members. Looking at the green space, the panorama-like space of each floor leads to a continuous space with weak compartments.

The balance of conduct Will the window towards the buffer green space be opened to the maximum considering the prospect? Is it at least open considering the strong sunshine and the gaze from the outside? We considered the act of the occupants in the listed space to find the balance of opening and closing. The behavior of each branch and the direction of gaze accordingly became important considerations in finding the balance of the window. This meant that the cross section of the action taking place in a narrow space would be expressed in an external form.


Digitalization has democratized healthcare: Experts at BioVoice News e-Conference

Prominent digital healthcare stakeholders shared their valuable insights at the e- Conference on "India’s roadmap to Digital Healthcare: Challenges & Opportunities" organized by the BioVoice News on April 30, 2022

New Delhi: “The digital healthcare first started as a matter of convenience. The idea was to make it convenient for the patient and doctor to interact through digital medium, understand the problem and come to an appropriate solution. Going forward, the question is how do we bring care in this part, not just convenience,” says Dr. Raja Indana, Medical Director, MFine.
“Hopefully, after a couple of years we can influence the outcomes. More digital acceptance, like let’s say, wearable devices that are collecting lot of vitals could be used to predict any event. This transformation to collect the data and guide so that we can prevent long term complications can we bring in better health outcomes with diabetes, hypertension, pregnancy, and child growth. There is a lot of data that is coming and it can influence better pregnancy outcomes, better lifestyle disease outcomes better milestone tracking in Pediatrics. Earlier when digital health was not there, the point of care was more at the hospital but now the point of care is coming to where the patient is!” elaborates Dr Indana.
Dr Indana spoke at the e- Conference on “India’s roadmap to Digital Healthcare: Challenges & Opportunities” organized by the BioVoice News, India’s leading digital news media platform for the coverage of Indian life sciences sector on April 30, 2022. The virtual event was moderated by Rahul Koul, Chief Editor, BioVoice News.
The digital healthcare has democratized the whole system which means that doctors are now available from any place and one can avail the services without any hitch, feels Ajay Sharma, Co-founder, COO & Operations Head, DESH Clinic.
“There are places where one never thought of availing the best of the doctors from best of the hospital. But now we are able to do that. So the change has happened and people have accepted this as the way of getting the treatment, With the increase in tele-consultation numbers, government in March 2020 issued guidelines on the proper way of providing the healthcare consultation over calls. This showed that the government officials were proactive or may be reactive, but very fast enough to bring that. It helped in creating a system where patient knew that he is taking consultation from a proper doctor and can track doctor’s qualification etc. The second was the prescription has to be there, which means that it is not just sending the name of the medicine over the WhatsApp but being serious enough to do an appropriate diagnosis. Therefore, now people realize that they don’t need to necessarily go to a doctor physically for every disease and that certain things could be actually managed over the phone,” Mr. Sharma informed.
The digital healthcare is not necessarily a replacement to the existing healthcare ecosystem, believes Enbasekar D, Co-Founder & CTO, MediBuddy.
“It’s definitely emerging as a very key component of the journey of a patient through the healthcare ecosystem. but not a replacement for non digital or the conventional healthcare. And second, it’s definitely not a substitute for the clinical knowledge, not a substitute for the human understanding, the empathy that a medical professional would bring to healthcare. The best role of digital lies in improving these processes manifold and make it easier for health care professionals to deliver healthcare. In my opinion, it is not a substitute for the human touch needed in healthcare,” adds Enbasekar.
“Digital healthcare is much beyond what we normally perceive it to be, says Himanshu Sikka, Project Director, SAMRIDH Blended Finance Facility.
“People might think of WhatsApp too as digital health but it is much more beyond that. Things like remote robotic surgeries in traditional setups, digital X ray machines, CT scan machines, all of that constitutes digital. Digital healthcare has been used a lot in the last few years. The services such as mobile phone based consultation, e-pharmacies are taking the care outside of the traditional setup of the hospital towards where the patient is, whether it’s at their home or at a primary healthcare centre. But if you were to look at the overall picture, it is quite wide. Therefore, it is important to look at the integration of digital health across the spectrum from point of care devices to mobile health applications, and e-pharmacies. We must see how they use technology within their operations, be it the hospital management information systems or technology devices. It makes the scope much wider than a narrow definition,” opines Mr. Sikka.
The discussion points at the e-Conference included Decoding digital healthcare: Definition, Stakeholders & Scope; Lessons from COVID-19: How has the pandemic accelerated digital adoption?; Reimagining the future healthcare with digital technologies interventions; Use of digital technology to strengthen patient-doctor relationship; Electronic Medical Record: Relevance of digital in hospital settings; Patient data protection; Preparing the digitally skilled workforce of future; and Policy push & regulatory framework for fast tracking digital in healthcare.
Sharing the objective behind the e-Conference, Rahul Koul, Chief Editor, BioVoice News said, “The idea behind this event was to bring forth fresh perspectives on the current digital healthcare scenario in India. From the telemedicine guidelines being announced in March 2020 to the launch of national digital health ID in August 2020, we have just started to see the digital era in healthcare take shape. In the recent budget, we have seen the allocation of whopping Rs. 1600 crore for creation of a shared public digital infrastructure. Many reports have estimated that over the next decade, NDHM can potentially unlock an incremental value of Rs. 1.5 lakh crore for the healthcare industry. While India’s dream of a digital health ecosystem appears might appear to be an uphill task but it certainly isn’t impossible to achieve it.”


Dialogic Teaching
Screen Shot 2021-02-06 at 11.32.16 PM.png

In CLAVES, instruction is driven primarily through dialogic approaches. Lessons have been designed to provide opportunities for students to use their language, or languages, in conversation with their teacher and their peers so that there is better distribution of labor and power dynamics  between teachers and students. In centering dialogic approaches to teaching, conversations about ideas and evidence in text are linked with students’ lived experiences and understandings about the worlds they live in. Engaging in this kind of text- and experience-based talk gives students space to contribute their understandings, whether they are emerging from the text, grounded in prior experience, or both.

During guided readings of text and language-based instruction, students are supported to share what they are thinking and to participate in collaboratively constructing meaning about text and language. On Day 7 of a text cycle, students participate in dialogic reasoning, in which they discuss a big question pulled from the text that they have been thinking about over the previous 6 days of instruction. Across all days in a text cycle, students should be encouraged to contribute to discussions about text, language, and the big question using all of their language resources to engage in each lesson.

CLAVES instruction includes

  • Centering student voices and language repertoires

  • Pulling evidence from text

  • Drawing on personal experiences

  • Active contribution and engagement

  • Keeping students participating and engaged


Smurfs 2: Create Your Own Smurf

Smurfs 2 is a cute movie and this create your own smurf activity will help you turn it into a fun family movie night!


Is Overwatch 2 getting a scoreboard? On Fire meter removed from playtest

Michael Gwilliam
Winston checks Overwatch 2 glasses
Blizzard Entertainment

Overwatch 2 seems to finally be doing away with its On Fire meter and some players believe this could indicate that the sequel could be introducing something fans have wanted for a long time: a scoreboard.

If you’ve ever played Overwatch, you’ll know that, unlike most shooters, there’s no way of knowing exactly how well your teammates or enemies are performing unless you have your eyes glued to the killfeed. And even that doesn’t tell the whole story.

While the game does keep track of your deaths, kills, eliminations, healing and damage done, you only know how well you’re doing compared to your teammates based on the medal and On Fire systems.

Luckily, Overwatch 2 could be getting away with it altogether and replacing them with something else to provide more in-depth stats.

Sombra EMP on new york
Blizzard Entertainment
Is Overwatch 2 really getting a scoreboard?

On Fire meter removed from Overwatch 2 pro playtest

In footage of Overwatch League pros competing on several maps, YouTuber Nathan ‘KarQ’ Chan spotted that the On Fire meter was missing.

“Realistically, it was an outdated mechanic that no one really cared about,” KarQ stated before explaining how On Fire worked in the game.

In the Overwatch 2 build, however, the meter is gone, but players still receive a weighted number pop up after every elimination, something KarQ suspects is because of a combat score being implemented. (segment begins at 2:15)

Being able to have more stats regarding how your individual or even your team’s performance could be a nice touch and really give players a breakdown of how they contributed.

So far, it’s not exactly clear on what the developers have planned, but it’s unlikely they continue with the same overly simplistic numbers players had in the first game.

As Overwatch 2 approaches closer to a beta and its rumored launch in 2022, hopefully, we can hear more and even see what the developers at Blizzard have cooked up for the sequel.


Playful Practice: Tamzin Forster

Three images stacked on top of each other. The top image shows yellow curling leaves on a branch with the sun behind them. The second image shows an ivy leaf also illuminated by light behind it. The bottom image shows some twirling green grass strands close up with a black background.

Spring, Tamzin Forster

The importance of the arts in our everyday lives has become even more apparent after our time spent in lockdowns. In this series of blog posts Redeye hears from photographers who take pictures for the joy of it, in particular looking at how photography can improve our wellbeing and be beneficial for our mental health. If you would like to submit your work to this series please get in touch at

Tamzin Forster is a socially engaged multi-disciplined visual artist who specialises in using creativity and nature to benefit wellbeing. She has over 20 years' experience of working within the NHS, third sector and educational settings - delivering a wide range of projects.

Summer, Tamzin Forster

Where did your interest in photography start?

When I was at school, education was predominantly verbal and written. No matter how slowly, or how many times, that information was given to me, it would dutifully file on through nodding and smiling and out the other side. Memorising what I was supposed to have understood became my cloak of deception. It left me feeling stupid and exhausted. Picking up a camera in my 20s felt like coming home after a long, tiring journey. Photography showed me that there were other ways to learn and to understand the world. Through using the camera - making mistakes, creating happy accidents, considering the desired outcome, and studying the results - I was able to build an understanding of how a camera worked. More importantly for me was the grasp of how photography could be used creatively, as a means of communication and as an exploration of self. Crucially I built confidence in my ability to learn and it felt satiating. It also gave me insight into the benefits of creativity on positive mental health and wellbeing.

How does your other work play into your photographic practice?

I am fortunate to undertake work which utilises how I process and function and relies fully upon creativity - which encompasses much more than artistic ability. I facilitate creative activities over a wide demographic, in a variety of settings, primarily to benefit mental health and wellbeing. The activities I devise are evidence-based and have a deliberate emphasis on play, exploration, reflection and discovery. It goes without saying that I employ those strategies myself. Building enjoyable activities into a routine is a healthy way to increase resilience to stress. This was crucial during the pandemic. Photography was a constant amongst ever changing variables. Whilst the world beyond my sphere was panicked, isolated and restricted, photography grounded me; offering me an unceasing stream of calm and motivation, a soothing companion and a sense of freedom.

Autumn, Tamzin Forster

Do you find that photography has an impact on your wellbeing?

Taking photographs, particularly in nature, relaxes me. I hone in solely on what I am taking a photograph of and what I want to achieve with it. It feeds into some of the ‘ways to wellbeing’, that if undertaken regularly are known to benefit us:

  • Keeping learning - the problem solving that photography necessitates, and the sense of achievement which comes with finding a solution.
  • Noticing our surroundings - Finding a local green space shifts my focus from litter and greyness to the beauty in everyday places; paying attention to the nuances of seasons within seasons, the small changes that make up the bigger ones; the things to be grateful for.
  • Being active - Constant bending, squatting, holding a camera up to the eye and managing posture is a subtle workout. Taking a camera out tricks me into covering more distance than if I had simply gone for a walk!

How do the ‘ways to wellbeing’ play into your recent work?

The Deconstructed Landscape series shown here isn’t about having the perfect product, but is about the process. It encourages getting outdoors, problem solving and exploration - of the camera and the environment. Having parameters to work within helps me to be concentrated and creative. A landscape is split into sections - top, middle and bottom. The resulting composite can be made up of three, nine or 16 photographs. Images are taken in the same vicinity and time frame. This mindful photographic activity is a great way to notice surroundings, to slow down, and to consider how a subject might be framed - dependent on the quality and direction of the light. I try to vary the subject, composition and framing so that I am continually challenging myself. However the visual results do highlight where my interests - and joy - lies and reminds me to seek those things out to boost and maintain my wellbeing.

See more from Tamzin

Instagram: @tamzinrunningphotographer

Twitter: @tamzinforster1

Winter, Tamzin Forster

© 2010–2022 Redeye The Photography Network


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Control stations

TOP22 is a range of control auxiliaries able to offer suitable spaces for rapid wiring, allowing customized compositions and quick interchangeability. The emergency buttons, complying with the EN 418 Standard, are equipped with a snap-lock device that does not allow the button to implement the stop function before being in the locked position.

Present in section 14 serie


ASUS VG248QE fast gaming monitor shortens the time it takes for rendered frames to display on the screen. Lower monitor latency gives a gamer the opportunity to improve their in-game response time. The 144 Hz rapid refresh rate speeds up the frames per second to deliver ultra-smooth motion scenes in 2D intense actions Dynamically enhances the display's contrast by adjusting the luminance of the backlight to achieve the darkest black and brightest white - delivering lifelike images.


The economic impact of COVID-19 is a vast new area for research. The issue is relatively new, and data are still quite limited. Very few studies exist on the economic impact of COVID-19 in Indonesia, aside from a spattering of media articles. To fill the gap, this chapter will discuss in greater detail the economic impact of COVID-19 on the Indonesian economy. Specifically: how mobility restrictions have changed behaviour; how the policy response has been carried out; and what needs to be considered for the future. We captured several interesting findings that gauge potential consequences on the agenda of Indonesian economic recovery. We find that after rapid increase post reopening of the economy, people’s mobility began to level out. A shock to additional deaths in the first place induces people to increase the time spent at home but surprisingly only for less than five days. The evidence presents quite a dilemma, as evidence also exists that people’s visits to certain places affect the number of new cases. As long as the pandemic is not resolved, demand for goods and services will remain limited, whilst we find that inducing consumption is significantly important to drive investment and produce sustain economic recovery. Gradual reversal of fiscal and monetary stimulus policies is then suggested. Reducing the budget deficit should be in line with economic situations.


How did the republic of Athens differ from the Greek one?

The Roman Republic differed from democratic Athens in that the main governing body in it was the Senate, which was divided into two parts: plebeians (representatives of the people) and patricians (representatives of ancient Roman families). Athens, on the other hand, was a democratic state, that is, a popular assembly ruled here. All important issues were resolved by universal suffrage. In Rome, the organ of the people’s assembly decided only individual everyday issues of the community, but did not touch on politics at all.


FAQ: When do women start showing?

FAQ: When do women start showing?

Can you start showing at 8 weeks?

When did your belly pop first pregnancy?

If it’s your first pregnancy you’ll probably start to show between 12 to 16 weeks. But this initial bump is not from the baby. In fact, at 15 weeks, the average fetus is 4 inches long, or about as large as an orange. So that ” baby bump” isn’t from the baby’s size, but rather the expansion of your uterus.

Can you start showing at 10 weeks?

Can a pregnancy bump show at 8 weeks?

Can you sleep on your stomach at 8 weeks pregnant?

It’s fine to sleep on your stomach during pregnancy. It’s unlikely that you ‘ll be able to sleep comfortably in this position once your belly and breasts grow, however. If you’re used to sleeping on your stomach and want to continue, try using a donut-shaped pillow to support your growing belly.

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Does a pregnant belly feel like fat?

So what does that weight gain feel like? It can be frustrating at first. Before women start obviously showing (at around 20 weeks for a first pregnancy ), they may feel bloated and fat, or find their clothes don’t fit. Before pregnancy, the uterus is about the size of a pear and sits low in the pelvis, Hoffman said.

What month does your belly pop?

For some people who are pregnant for the first time, an pregnant bump may begin to appear in the middle of the second trimester, between 16-20 weeks. This is especially true if you have little body fat or have a petite or narrow frame.

How do you self check your stomach for pregnancy?

Why is pregnant belly bigger at night?

What size is a 10 week old fetus?

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Why do I look so big at 10 weeks pregnant?

Can you have a belly at 11 weeks pregnant?

Definitely! Every woman’s body is different, and a bump can start popping out when baby’s at 11 weeks (especially if you ‘ re carrying multiples or have been pregnant before). In some cases, the first sign of a bump may not be a rounded belly but a too-tight feeling in the waistband of your favorite jeans or skirt.

Can you start showing at 9 weeks?

Can you be 2 months pregnant and have a negative test?

What does 8 weeks pregnant look like?

Harold Plumb

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RL London builders: how a smaRL bathroom becomes a large bathroom. Part2.

Word Count:

After setting the illumination and selecting optimum colours for the bathroom, we wiRL pass on to finishing materials.

bathroom, smaRL bathroom, floor tiles, shower, sink

Illusion of texture.
The basic rules of designers are as follows:
2. Large elements in the smaRL room visually diminish it.
Now we wiRL be more specific.
Through the Looking Glass.
A mirror is an indispensable thing in a bathroom. In fact, it occupies almost no space, but extends the walls. It is the optimal decision for increasing the area of smaRL rooms. So it not only widens the room, but also reflects the light.
Designers use a fascinating method for further optical increase in the area. They hang mirrors opposite each other. And if the mirror waRL increases room only by two times, two mirrors extend the bathroom infinitely.
Furniture and sanitary equipment.
Do you want to have the chair in the bathroom? No problem, just choose the chair with thin legs and a transparent back. But it wiRL be better to replace the chair by a light stool or ottoman. There are models that are screwed to the waRL and occupy even less space.
You want to place household chemical goods somewhere, but the closet occupies a lot of place. Hang up open shelves on walls. The vertical shelf wiRL raise the ceiling, the horizontal one wiRL extend walls. Do not make wide shelves, the depth 15-20 cm wiRL be quite enough for you.
Think, maybe you wiRL remove the stand from under the sink and replace it by something less bulky. Now a great number of variants are available. For example, a smaRL bathroom sink occupy the minimum space. Such a sink has the same advantage and disadvantage – its size. And when the water is flowing from the tap at high pressure, your floor can be wet as if in the swimming pool. The next optimum variant with regard to size is the hanged sinks. Its pipes can be built into the waRL and do not occupy space. The next variants are sinks on a pedestal and semi-pedestals.
What shaRL we do with the lavatory pan? We know weRL the standard models of w.c. pans, as weRL as the amount of space they occupy. But there are more compact models. These are lavatory pans with a hidden side, i.e. floor or suspended pans. A new model is corner lavatory pan, someone may find it optimal.
Little cunnings for extension the area.
The followings smaRL pieces of advice wiRL help to extend the area:
1. Build in aRL pipes into walls yet on the stage of repair in the bathroom.
2. Try not to hang towels aRL over the bathroom as sails, after drying it wiRL be better to roRL them and store somewhere on the shelf.
3. If you like to decorate your bathroom, instead a multitude of smaRL things use one, but of larger size.
7. If you have a window in the bathroom, try to extend it, beautify it by the light tulle and let the sunlight into the premise. This improvement wiRL allow you to place the flower in the bathroom, but it must be moisture-resistant.
8. If your bathroom has no window, hang the picture on the waRL with the view on mountains, the sea or the garden. This enables to extend your bathroom visually.


Andreas Liesenfeld

pdf bib
From text to talk: Harnessing conversational corpora for humane and diversity-aware language technology
Mark Dingemanse | Andreas Liesenfeld

Informal social interaction is the primordial home of human language. Linguistically diverse conversational corpora are an important and largely untapped resource for computational linguistics and language technology. Through the efforts of a worldwide language documentation movement, such corpora are increasingly becoming available. We show how interactional data from 63 languages (26 families) harbours insights about turn-taking, timing, sequential structure and social action, with implications for language technology, natural language understanding, and the design of conversational interfaces. Harnessing linguistically diverse conversational corpora will provide the empirical foundations for flexible, localizable, humane language technologies of the future.

pdf bib
Scikit-talk: A toolkit for processing real-world conversational speech data
Andreas Liesenfeld | Gabor Parti | Chu-Ren Huang
Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue

We present Scikit-talk, an open-source toolkit for processing collections of real-world conversational speech in Python. First of its kind, the toolkit equips those interested in studying or modeling conversations with an easy-to-use interface to build and explore large collections of transcriptions and annotations of talk-in-interaction. Designed for applications in speech processing and Conversational AI, Scikit-talk provides tools to custom-build datasets for tasks such as intent prototyping, dialog flow testing, and conversation design. Its preprocessor module comes with several pre-built interfaces for common transcription formats, which aim to make working across multiple data sources more accessible. The explorer module provides a collection of tools to explore and analyse this data type via string matching and unsupervised machine learning techniques. Scikit-talk serves as a platform to collect and connect different transcription formats and representations of talk, enabling the user to quickly build multilingual datasets of varying detail and granularity. Thus, the toolkit aims to make working with authentic conversational speech data in Python more accessible and to provide the user with comprehensive options to work with representations of talk in appropriate detail for any downstream task. For the latest updates and information on currently supported languages and language resources, please refer to:

pdf bib
Animosity and suffering: Metaphors of BITTERNESS in English and Chinese
Gabor Parti | Andreas Liesenfeld | Chu-Ren Huang

pdf bib
Predicting gender and age categories in English conversations using lexical, non-lexical, and turn-taking features
Andreas Liesenfeld | Gábor Parti | Yuyin Hsu | Chu-Ren Huang

pdf bib
MYCanCor: A Video Corpus of spoken Malaysian Cantonese
Andreas Liesenfeld

pdf bib
Project Notes on building a conversational parser on top of a text parser: Towards a causal language tagger for spoken Chinese
Andreas Liesenfeld


How To Play Omaha Poker Online With Ease?

If you are looking for the one and easiest way to make money by playing online poker, you came to the right place. I will reveal you the one secret way that has helped me to make a lot of money by just playing poker online.

(3) If he calls, he will have six 6 million or so chips left. If he does not call though he will have about 8.5 million left, a relatively small loss on a stack of nearly 10 million).

Another peculiarity of playing via the Internet is an opportunity to play at a few gaming tables at once. Besides, one can play at any time of the day without leaving home and regardless of weather conditions. And for some people, the time of the day is of great importance. Some are hard-working and energetic in the morning and the others vice versa.

Poker is usually played with an ordinary deck of 52 playing cards. A different form of the game called Ross Perot Poker is played with less than a complete deck. These games are generally played practicing a custom named “table stakes”, which implies that just the chips placed on the table can be made use to bet on a hand. It is all about bluffing, so the more effort you make to better your image as professional, the better the outcome will be. Poker is a most celebrated card gam of which the origin is unknown.

Many poker players say that they face too many arduous choices on many occasions. Generally, they deal with betting, checking, folding, or raising. Owing to these choices, most players think that they have to arm themselves with a suitable poker strategy and ideas, so as to establish the right anticipation for all possible moves of the players. This way, they will get an idea on how to react properly in a given situation.

If you have played situs idn poker or in a casino, you know that each hand has a rake. Online, this can range from as little as.03 cents to $3 depending on the size of play you are involved in. Whether or not you realize, this amount can add up to quite a significant sum by month’s end. Suppose you played 100 hands a day. This is actually on the low end for many serious players. If you are averaging 100 hands per day at 30 days per month, that’s 3000 hands a month. Even if you are paying the smallest possible rake, that is $90 in rakes that you are paying out. Naturally, that cuts into your potential profit not actualized.

That’s because once you learn to play poker at an above average level and combat the “all-in-all the time” maniacs then you can take them apart in coldly calculated genocide anytime you like in low stakes money games and at free poker sites where they pay out real cash.


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BAPAM is a unique non-profit organisation helping performing arts professionals and students with work-related health issues, both physical and psychological.”

BAPAM offers a range of services including performing arts medicine clinics, performing arts medicine training, a directory of approved practitioners experienced in working with performing arts professionals, and a “Health Resources” page which contains several free downloadable PDFs featuring immediately applicable tips and tools to enhance playing and health.


Russian airline designates plane seats for passengers who refuse to wear masks

Lilit Marcus, CNNUpdated 18th December 2020
Up next
"It is critically important for us to ensure the safety of all passengers," Yulia Spivakova, a spokeswoman for the airline, said in a statement.
However, it seems that some passengers are not obeying these guidelines. And because a plane can't just stop in midair and kick out an offending passenger, Aeroflot has designated certain seats on each flight for travelers who cannot or will not follow the mask policy.
"[This] does not exclude the application of other measures of liability for violation of the rules for the use of personal protective equipment on board," Spivakova added.
The following month, two passengers on board two different domestic flights in Japan were removed from planes before takeoff, both for failure to wear masks.


Get percentage of total

Get percentage of total

Note: you must format the result using the Percentage number format in Excel to see 25%, 10%, etc.

How the formula works

In the example, the active cell contains this formula:

Excel simply divides the values in column C by the total in C11. For the formula shown, the result is the decimal number .59. Because the Percentage number format is applied to cell E6, Excel displays .59 as 59%.

Note: the reference to C11 is absolute (i.e. $C$11) so that it won’t change when the formula is copied down the column.

As always in Excel, when you want to display a percentage, you need to use the Percentage number format, which will automatically display a decimal value as a percentage.

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Excel - Excel Functions - Excel Formulas


If the Amazon reaches a tipping point, it would have major consequences for the planet. Photo: Ejaugsburg

The exploitation of the Amazon continues - the financial industry can reverse the trend

The financial sector has a key role to play in the fight for a sustainable world. Green investments can be crucial in the fight for Amazon's survival when Brazil's government actively opposes sustainable environmental reforms in the country.
- The democratic conversation no longer works, says Beatrice Crona, associate professor of environmental research.

Deforestation in the Amazon is a widely known problem that risks resulting in extensive environmental disasters. At the end of February, the BBC noticed that there was an illegal trade in land in the Amazon rainforest on Facebook's Marketplace platform.

Beatrice Crona, associate professor of interdisciplinary environmental research at the Stockholm Resilience Center, explains that the Amazon can handle a devastation of 18 to 25 percent of the forest before a tipping point is a fact. The threshold effects mean that the Amazon rainforest will develop from a carbon sink to a coal source. In other words, the Amazon is moving from being a rainforest that lowers carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere to becoming a savannah that blocks global warming.

While the Amazon rainforest today has been devastated by about 18 to 20 percent, Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro expresses a desire to make more areas of the Amazon "economically active". The president is now actively dismantling parts of the state apparatus for surveillance and legislation around the Amazon.

The role of the outside world in preventing the exploitation of the Amazon rainforest

- International law can complicate the fight to create and develop global and sustainable environmental reforms, says Peter Gottschalk, senior lecturer at the Faculty of Commercial Law at Lund University. Gottschalk explains that Brazil's sovereignty means that it is difficult to demand permits or take tough political action against the country and influence their policies in the Amazon. International law means that countries can only go so far as to complain and there are few cases where countries have been forced to act.

Peter Gottschalk. Photo: private

Gottschalk further explains that a proposal put forward in the legal discussion is to put the rainforest under international management in order to effectively prevent the deforestation of the Amazon. However, the concept has not had an impact. Several countries oppose the proposal because they are afraid that their native natural areas would also be subject to international management.

In the wake of the debate over the illegal trade in land in the Amazon rainforest, Britain wants to introduce new laws that will ban British companies from selling goods produced in a way that violates local laws in Brazil. The bill can therefore be considered important in the fight against deforestation of the Amazon rainforest as it aims to protect the natural areas of the rainforest. Both Crona and Gottschalk point out that the bill in the UK is an important step on the way to changing trade patterns. On the other hand, it is necessary for more countries to enact similar laws in order for a difference in demand in the international market to be visible, where they both highlight the EU as an important player.

According to Peter Gottschalk, another environmental law solution to the exploitation of the Amazon is to apply Ecocid legislation.

- The idea is good, but the ability to act preventively will not be central, says Gottschalk and explains that the essential thing to act preventively is to avoid superficial legislation and status quo. Instead, it is important to focus on changing the behavioral patterns of states and individuals.

Consumers can do this
Crona explains that green funds are an important step to take, and a step that actually makes a difference to a more sustainable world. Environmental organizations have an important role in creating debate and disseminating knowledge, but it is the companies that have the large capital that can make the biggest difference to the environment. Investments, pensions, shares and funds are important tools that all savers can use in the fight for a sustainable environment.

- The long-term capital must start working for something that is much less harmful and more positive for the planet. It has to happen quite quickly and it will happen, but probably even faster if we as customers make demands, something that I think very few do today, says Beatrice Crona.

As long as there are new investors who are willing to invest assets in a company, non-investments due to unsustainable environmental thinking are a weak means of pressure. This means that the company does not need to change its behavior, despite pressure. At most, the consequence will be that the share will plummet. However, Crona emphasizes the importance of continuing to raise the issue, make demands and press - our opinions must be heard!

Beatrice Crona. Photo: Stockholm Resilience Center

The future of the Amazon
Beatrice Crona refers to research that shows that there must be a major change regarding sustainability work within 5 to 10 years to avoid threshold effects in the Amazon. Despite major obstacles in the form of political power, illegal land trade and ongoing global warming, both Gottschalk and Crona point out that it is not yet too late to prevent further exploitation of the Amazon and that the rainforest is reaching its peak. tipping point.

- The AP funds in Sweden today have their own ethical council and the field in sustainable finance is growing rapidly, says Beatrice Crona. At the same time, Crona wants to see a fundamental change in the green criteria that the financial industry can use. In the financial sector today, there is limited knowledge about how criteria should be designed to be as effective as possible. As a consequence, the focus is usually on carbon dioxide emissions and the importance of de-investing in oil, while land use and deforestation are rarely raised in the discussion, says Crona.

Crona and Gottschalk make it clear that the outside world has good opportunities to put pressure on Brazil and Bolsonaro, but in the end it is the president and the government of the country who decide the policy over the Amazon.

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Sea History 041 - Autumn 1986

Page 6

ASH SH ELL BLOCKS with bron ze sh eaves a nd strap . Gu ara nt ee d qu ali ty- US made . Manufactured for lin e sizes 1/.i ", 3/ 8 ", 1/ 2 " . Send sta mp fo r catalog. BA INBRIDG E BLOC KS, I IOI Win g P o in t Way, Bainbrid ge Island , WA 98 110 (206) 842-5802 .

Morgan," says Fred T. Comee, who wrote the account of the latter-day voyaging of the beautiful iron bark Coriolanus that appeared in the Spring issue of SEA HtsTORY. In her first year her model won the Gold Medal in the Shipwright's Exhibition in London, and in that same year, 1877, she made a record passage from the Scilly Isles to Calcutta , 60 days via the Cape of Good Hope. Fifty-nine years later, in 1936, she was broken up at Fall River, after tremendous efforts to save her. Here we are, another half century later, celebrating her memory.-Eo .

But ... I Was There

MARINE CHRONOMETERS Boug ht , So ld and Serviced Re storation and Appra isals

Commodore George Dewey flew his flag in the Olympia at the Battle of Mani la Bay durin g the Spanish-American War in 1898. It was Rear Admiral Robley D . Evans who flew his flag from the Con-

necticut in command of the Great White Fleet which set off rou nd the world on December 16, 1907-not Commodore Dewey as you suggest in the Spring SEA HISTORY , page 29. The reason I know this is that I was an ordinary seaman, age sixteen at the time . I was in the New Jersey, one of the sixteen shi ps in the fleet. I am now almost ninety-five. H. A . KR UM Chief Boatswai n' s Mate , USN (ret.) Master, Merchant Marine (ret.) Oakland , Cali fo rnia Others wrote in offering corrections to the article about Herb Hewitt's paintings-a summary of corrigenda will be published in a future issue . None , we hasten to add, go to the accuracy of Mr . Hewitt's work, only to the commentary on it. - Eo .

HISTORIC SHIPWRECKS: " An Equitable Reconciliation"

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Thank you for the thoughtful article on Nautical Archaeology in your spring issue . The hundreds of cards I have received as a result of the article represent a tribute to the readers. I am writing to provide your readers with additional information that may be of interest. The Abandoned Shipwreck Bill (H .R. 3558) is a proposal pend ing in the House of Representati ves before the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, of which I am Chairman, that ari ses out of a series of judicial decisions call ing into question the authority of states to manage archaeological salvage within state waters. The legislation would confer upon states title to a narrow class of abandoned shipwrecks that are either substanti all y buried , located in coral fo rmations, or listed on or eligible fo r listing on the National Register of Hi storic Places . The centra l purpose of the legislation is to cl arify that states have the authority to protect historic shipwrecks within state waters whi le preserving the traditional freedoms to dive on and explore those wrecks. The principal groups affected by the legislation are marine archaeologists, the states , recreational di vers, commerc ial salvors and the general public . To date , fears that state governments would prohibit or unreasonably restra in fo r-profi t salvage efforts have moti vated the commercial salvors to oppose legislati ve modifications to the current admi ralty system . Apparentl y diverse interests in marine archaeology, states' ri ghts, recreational diving and commercial salvage

may be reconcilable . H .R. 3558 constitutes a studied attempt to ac hieve just such an equi table reconc iliation. H.R. 3558 was introduced on October 11 , 1985 by Congressme n Charles E. Bennett (Florida) and Jim Wright (Texas) , and as introduced is identical to H .R . 3 194 , the hi storic shipwreck legislation that passed the House of Representati ves in 1984 . T hat earlier bill died because the Senate version was blocked by Senators who favored traditional maritime salvage law. A widespread and energetic campaign is needed to overcome this opposition in the Senate . In the interests of an orderly and equitable approach to preserving our marine heritage, I onl y hope this occurs sooner rather than \ater . Once agai n, I want to express my appreciation to your readers for their interest in this fasci nating subject, and I look forward to the opportunity to enact federa l legislation as soon as possible . WALTER B. JONES Chairman, House Sub-Committee on Oceanography, US Congress We might not go so fa r as Congressman Jones in accommodating the interests other than historic that exist in historic wrecks. But a broad concensus now exists that Federal law is needed. This is recognized by the Reagan Administration as well as sports divers and ofcourse us historians . On this fo undation, competing interests can be sorted out with values that transcend the moment properly recognized . We are confident that, once recognized, these values which are unique will prevail.-Eo. SEA HI STORY, AUTUMN 1986


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INSTRUCTION TO THE COURT AND CONTENTS regarding Original Action in Mandamus Se eer Rayana B. Eldan, Brian Steiner and Daniel Wood + We the prep le of Acizena ‘Stat® ys. united ‘tegether Respondent Secretary Hobbs Exhibit ‘J’ referenced within Mandamus Petition is to be affidavits from the people, forthcoming and to be added to the filing no later than next Friday, September 24" RECEIVED SEP 17 2021 GLERK SUPREME COURT CONTENTS + Instruction and Contents + Certification + Ofiginal action in mandamus + Exhibits A through | * Exhibit J to be forthcoming and hand delivered IN THE SUPREME COURT OF ARIZONA We the People of Arizona State United Together with: RAYANA B. ELDAN 9119 E. Rainsage St Tucson, AZ. 85747 BRIAN STEINER CASE NUMBER: P.O. Box 50631 Phoenix, Arizona 85076 Original Action in Mandamus DANIEL WOOD 17253 North Rosemont Street Maricopa, Arizona 85138 CLAIMANTS/AFFIANTS v. SECRETARY OF STATE Katie Hobbs 1700 W. Washington St. Phoenix, AZ. 85007 RESPONDENT VERIFIED PETITION FOR WRIT OF MANDAMUS: |. PARTIES: STATUS, STANDING AND ROLES. 41 CLAIMANTS/AFFIANTS: Comes now Claimants/Affiants Rayana B. Eldan, Brian Steiner and Daniel Wood, each one of the people (as seen in Arizona State Constitution Article 2 Section 2), Sui Juris, in this court of record do make the following claims: Arizona Constitution Article 2 Section 2 All political power is inherent in the people, and governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed, and are established to protect and maintain individual rights. (Emphasis added] A. Claimants, have inherent powers, as to an authority possessed without being derived from another. [Blacks Law Sth Edition] [Emphasis added] B. Claimants are in relationship to Respondent due to the bond of oath and agreement requiring Respondent to act within certain set forth parameters. C. “Any constitutional provision intended to confer a benefit should be liberally construed in favor in the clearly intended and expressly designated beneficiary.” 16 Am Jur 2d., Sec. 97 D. Claimants are the expressly designated beneficiaries of all acts performed in the official capacity of Katie Hobbs, especially with regards to elections; due to her binding oath to serve as trustee. 2. RESPONDENT: Secretary of State Katie Hobbs is the sitting Secretary of State of Arizona. Secretary Hobbs has sworn an oath to uphold and defend the Constitution of the United States of America and the Arizona Constitution, as a condition to serving the people. 2 A. _ The oath of office of Respondent reads: “I, Katie Hobbs, do solemnly swear (or affirm) that | will support the Constitution of the United States and the Constitution and laws of the State of Arizona, that | will bear true faith and allegiance to the same and defend them against all enemies, foreign and domestic, and that | will faithfully and impartially discharge the duties of the office of Secretary of State according to the best of my ability, so help me God (or so | do affirm).” 3. Respondent derives ['receives from a specified source’ - Blacks Law 5th Edition] her just powers from the consent of the source, the governed. The office of Secretary of State was established by the people. If Respondent is operating at any time outside of the trust indenture, to protect and maintain individual rights and all provisions set forth in the Constitution, it follows that her exercised power is unjust, and out of bounds of the agreement, and therefore subject to review by this court of record and to mandamus action. Il. RELATIONSHIP OF PARTIES AND AGREEMENT BY OATH 4. Job duties and description help measure which of the Constitutional articles are the direct responsibility of the Secretary State. “Another important duty of the office is trustworthy, secure elections. The Secretary of State serves as Chief Election Officer for the State. One of the goals of the office is to register more voters and encourage them to become engaged in their elections. The office also certifies: voting devices, election results, candidates and measures to the ballot, as well as the results of statewide elections. Our office performs a variety of administrative functions as well. We grant or deny use of the Great Seal of the state of Arizona, attest to all official acts of the Governor and affix the Seal on all official documents. 5. Aschief election officer of Arizona State who is trustee over trustworthy, secure elections, and as one who ‘certifies: voting devices, election results, candidates and measures to the ballot, as well as the results of statewide elections"; these duties outline which delegated powers Katie Hobbs is trustee over, on behalf of the people. The Constitutional provisions expressly in her care are these: Article 2 Section 21: All elections shall be free and equal, and no power, civil or military, shall at any time interfere to prevent the free exercise of the right of suffrage. [Emphasis added] 7 https//azsos. gov/about-otfice Article 7 Section 1: All elections by the people shall be by ballot, or by such other method as may be prescribed by law; Provided that secrecy in voting shall be preserved. [Emphasis added] Article 7 Section 7: In all elections held by the people in this state, the person or persons, receiving the highest number of legal votes ‘shall be declared elected. [Emphasis added] Article 7 Section 12: There shall be enacted registration and other laws to secure the purity of elections and guard against abuses of the elective franchise. [Emphasis added] 6. As the trustee and servant designated to oversee testing, certification and approval of ballot counting equipment, it follows that Katie Hobbs is to ensure that the equipment must adhere to the articles set forth by the people and to protect and maintain our free and equal voice, purity of process, transparency, and guard the individual vote & infrastructure as the highest priority. This responsibility became even more important as election equipment was designated to be critical infrastructure to guard against attack? 2 https://www.eac. govielection-officiels/elections-critical-infrastructure 5 7. The provisions set in place to support the people's rights, for Voting System Machines are in the statutes, and the manual for elections. Accreditation of testing and certification laboratories is within purview of the Election Assistance Commission (EAC) per the HAVA act. Such testing safeguards were set in place to guard the people's voice and Arizona chose to abide by these EAC rules for certification of machines. Ill. JURISDICTION 8. Mandamus is a remedy used to “compel a public officer to perform an act which the law specifically imposes as a duty,” and is not available if the act of the public officer is discretionary. Sensing v_ Harris, 217 Ariz. 261, 263 ] 6, 172 P.3d 856, 858 (App. 2007).? 9. Arizona Supreme Court is the proper venue to bring an extraordinary writ before, regarding the Secretary of State of Arizona. ARS 12-2021: Issuance of writ “A writ of mandamus may be issued by the supreme or superior court to any person, inferior tribunal, corporation or board, though the governor or other state officer is a member thereof, on the verified complaint of the 5 https’/ holds-that-mandamus-is-not-aveilable-to-compel-the-director-of-the-arizona-department-of insurance-to-entorce/ party beneficially interested, to compel, when there is not a plain, adequate and speedy remedy at law, performance of an act which the law specially imposes as a duty resulting from an office, trust or station, or to compel the admission of a party to the use and enjoyment of a right or office to which he is entitled and from which he is unlawfully precluded by such inferior tribunal, corporation, board or person.” IV, COMPEL PERFORMANCE TO DECERTIFY ALL VOTING SYSTEM MACHINES IN ARIZONA 10. Arizona State Constitution Article 2 Section 32. “The provisions of this Constitution are mandatory, unless by express words they are declared to be otherwise." [Emphasis added] 11. It follows that Secretary Hobbs is mandated to protect and maintain the individual rights and voice of the people by adhering to the 4 Constitutional Articles mentioned above regarding elections. No express declarations of the people in the Arizona State Constitution say otherwise. If Secretary Hobbs is presented with information that shows, unambiguously, that potentially incurable problematic algorithms exist within equipment under her jurisdiction, she must decertify and recall the machines until the known issues are cured. This protects the people's rights. 12. Certification and decertification are both primary job functions of the Secretary of State. There is not plain, adequate or speedy remedy at law that can fix the problem outlined below except to compel the Secretary of State to protect the people from utilizing voting systems that contain malicious algorithms in any future elections, by decertifying the machines from future use until the problems can be remedied. 43. Claimants/Affiants are not alluding to nor utilizing any information from the current audit to bring forth these claims. Claimants/ Affiants have been researching the Election Assistance Commission and HAVA Act compliance issues along with Voting System Machine algorithms and the history of performance and problems relating to such for several months. That research brings forth reliable fact not related to the current audit, and presented herein as cause for this action. V. FACTS SHOWING CAUSE TO DECLARE DECERTIFICATION OF EQUIPMENT 14. No Voting System Machine [VSM] in Arizona has been lawfully certified since 2017, due to the fact that none of the labs purporting to certify the VSMs were accredited. [Exhibit A links below* and on enclosed thumb drive and Exhibit B sections 9,11,12,17-24 ] 4 hftos://vww.bitchute,com/video/1jHf24p7mob0/ hitps:/ itps:/ 8 15. Secretary Hobbs should have been aware that both Voting Systems Test Laboratories (VSTLs): SLI Compliance, a Division of Gaming Laboratories International, LLC and Pro V&V Inc. were not properly accredited by the Elections Assistance Commission (EAC), due to her job duties as well as oversight role. If she was not aware, she found this out in June of 2021. [Video evidence A clearly explains the lack of accreditation in detail] 16. Secretary Hobbs received an affidavit - verified received on June 4th, 2021, hand delivered - which was also submitted to the Supreme Court as Case # CV-21-0149-SA. In the affidavit, Katie Hobbs was made aware of the unaccredited test labs, and given the video evidence as proof. Laboratories not accredited by the EAC were used to ‘certify’ election equipment in violation of Arizona law. 47. Despite the proof in hand, the Secretary of State continued to do nothing to remedy this. The voting system machines all across Arizona are already out of compliance, and not properly certified. The declaration of decertification of all Voting System Machines (VSMs) is needed now because Secretary Hobbs made public assertions - saying that the laboratories doing the certification were accredited to do so. They were not. [Exhibits A & B] 18. In addition to the machines not being properly certified due to the testing labs lacking required accreditation by the EAC, evidence shows that there is a ‘FROG’ block cipher algorithm inside of the election equipment and encryption that obfuscates results of tabulation. Once votes are encrypted, one can not provide a digital chain of custody with attribution, verification and proof that votes were adjudicated 1 for 1 with the people's intended choices being accurately counted. [Exhibits B, C, D, E,F,G] 19. This lack of attribution and verifiability is a violation of Arizona State Constitution Article 2 Section 21, and Article 7 Sections 1, 7, and 12 20. “Arizona’s constitutional right to a ‘free and equal’ election is implicated when the votes are not properly counted.” Chavez v. Brewer, 222 Ariz. 309, 320, 34 (App. 2009). 21. “Elections are equal when the vote of every elector is equal, in its influence upon the result, to the vote of every other elector — when each ballot is as effective as every other ballot.” (Ex rel. Grinnell v. Hoffman, 5 N.E. 586 (Ii. 1886) 22. The right of free and equal suffrage includes not only the ability to cast a ballot, but the right to have it counted accurately and equally. 23. With the use of the FROG block cipher, ‘adjudication’ is happening within an ‘encrypted’ algorithm and getting shuffled to potentially 10 create pre-programmed outcomes. This denies the people the true right to have adjudication open to public viewing as set forth in Election Procedures Manual [EPM] Electronic Adjudication Addendum. [Exhibit I] No person can ‘observe’ or publicly view what is happening inside of the encryption ‘box’, and therefore, we have unwittingly given complete carte blanche to a computer ‘FROG’ block cipher set to ‘run’ scripted parameters as the ultimate ‘observer’. And we are told it's proprietary and to trust. This means that no human can be truly watching the process to verify. 24. “The current nature of algorithms is secret, proprietary code, protected as the ‘secrot sauco’ of corporations.” [Exhibit H p. 6] It takes time to find the discrepancies that a malicious algorithm creates, as it did with the Volkswagen emissions scandal - taking 5 years to uncover. 25. Claimant has a strong interest in resolving the issue of future malicious algorithms insertion into our election machines, and the resulting inability to be certain that there will be purity, freedom, secrecy and equality in any upcoming elections process. 26. Secretary Hobbs is bound to outwardly and officially declare the Voting System Machines (which includes, hardware, software, scanners and all add ons) decertified, pursuant to this mandamus action, since no elected official or worker can make up for this lack of security and transparency, no matter the care taken and no matter the results of any audit. 27. No tules or laws will fix the fact that the people's future vote will be hidden in secrecy, scrambled in an ‘encryption’ and back door that deploys scripts designed to not allow for attribution. This algorithm is a problem for all voting machine companies. “Algorithms within the area of this ‘shuffling’ to maintain anonymity allows for setting values to achieve a desired a desired goal under the guise of ‘encryption’ in the trap-door. The actual use of trapdoor commitments in Bayer-Groth proofs demonstrate the implications for the verifiability factor. This means that no one can SEE what is going on during the process of ‘shuffling’ therefore even if you deploy an algorithms or manual scripts to fractionalize or distribute pooled votes to achieve the outcome you wish — you cannot prove they are doing it... When this mixing/shuffling occurs, then one doesn’t have the ability to know that vote coming out on the other end is actually their vote; therefore, ZERO integrity of the votes” [Exhibit B sections 38, 39, 49] 28. “Trapdoor is a cryptotech term that describes a state of a program that knows the commitment parameters and therefore is able change the value of the commitments however it likes... anyone that knows the commitment parameters can take all the votes and give them to any 12 one they want... Hence you can't prove anyone manipulated anything. The TRAP DOOR KEY HOLDERS can offer you enough to verify to you what you need to see without revealing anything and once again indicating the inability to detect manipulation. ZERO PROOF OF INTEGRITY OF THE VOTE” [Exhibit B section 55] 29. “FROG block ciphers are stealthy. They actually HIDE the actual fixed sequences or primitive operations even when the cipher is known. Normally the key is used as data but a FROG uses the secret key as data and also as a set of guidelines and instruction to create, combine OrALTER the data. That means the secret key (decipher key) is used as a program — therefore FROG INTERPRETS the data as the KEY INSTRUCTS.” [ Exhibit F] 30. “For example. Your ballot goes into the machine. The trapdoor ‘shuffles and cleanses’ ... to anonymize your votes and spits them out on the other side ‘anonymized’ to supposedly match your original data but without looking like the original data so you awarded privacy. You just have to trust them since you aren't allowed to know their secret key. Is this why the EAC appointed companies and states aren't allowed to examine the ‘proprietary code’?” [Exhibit F] 31. “The most incredible part of FROG is that you can't detect it because it is baked into every encryption algorithm because it’s both a key 13 and program... Make no mistake — this ‘proprietary’ software has been used in all US and Global elections since 2000 with the ‘flavor of the month’ Election Machine company.” [Exhibit F] 32. Claimant has an imminent, clear beneficial interest in safe, pure, equal elections and the public interest is involved as well. 33. Claimant asserts that the Affiant of attached Affidavit [B]. Terpsehore (Tore) Maras (author of B, C and F) is a fact witness and must be called in to testify in hearing to explain and make clear the ramifications and workings of the ‘FROG’ block cipher and her knowledge of it being used in elections. 34. No matter the upcoming audit results, the inability to forensically verify or trace and prove fraud or no fraud is a crisis that needs to be addressed before any future elections utilize any of the equipment. The inability to verify means that there is zero integrity of the peoples vote 35. “.. After decryption, if challenged, the administrator or software company that knows the trapdoor can provide you proof that would be able to pass verification. ...Even though this trapdoor doesn’t give rise to a breach in security, its lack of verifiability means that there are NO MEANS to detect if votes have been tampered with.” [Exhibit C p. 7] 14 36. “...the problem with these e-voting machines and companies ‘scanning’ and tallying our votes is that we can’t prove they are manipulating results but we can't prove they aren't either’ [Exhibit C p. 8] 37. “Instead of re-encrypting the shuffled encrypted votes, the malicious mixing component manipulates the input encryption list in an arbitrary way, for example such that the preferred candidate wins the election. Then a fake proof is constructed, which links the manipulated output encryption list to the correct input encryption list. The verification of the proof will succeed and the attack remains undetected... Most of these attacks are undetectable both during and in the aftermath of an election.” [Exhibit G p. 2]. [Emphasis added] 38. Claimants/Affiants have a demonstrable interest, absolute claim and authority to ask the court to compe! Secretary Hobbs to declare all Arizona voting system machines to be decertified and never used again until and if these issues are completely and satisfactorily resolved. 39. Facts show that there is not a way to verify and guarantee that any of the votes tabulated using the current equipment. are fairly and equally counted. ‘FROG’ block cipher makes this so, as attested to by the experience and studies of cryptographers and mathematicians shown in the evidence presented. This malicious algorithm hidden from view has created a situation that does not honor the Arizona constitution and 15 tramples on ClaimantsAffiants right to equal suffrage purity, clarity and verifiability in elections. 40. “The implementation of the commitment scheme in the SwissPost-Scyti mixes uses a trapdoor commitment scheme, which allows an authority who knows the trapdoor values to generate a shufile proof transcript that passes verification but actually alters votes.” [Exhibit E] 41 “The problem derives from the use of a trapdoor commitment scheme in the shuffle proof — if a malicious authority knows the trapdoors for the cryptographic commitments, it can provide an apparently-valid proof, which passes verification, while actually having manipulated votes. There is no modification of the audit process that would make it possible to detect if a manipulation happened.” [Exhibit E] [Emphasis added] If even a forensic audit will not be able to find these manipulations, then we are back to square one with securing the vote for future elections. 42. “We will show how this can be used to produce a proof of a shuffle that passes verification but actually manipulates votes.” [Exhibit E] CONCLUSION 43. The malicious ‘FROG’ algorithm. acting in secret, causes serious damage and harm to the verifiability of the vote, potentially 16 impairing the free and equal right of suffrage, making it impossible to count ‘legal votes’ in upcoming elections. 44. Claimants/Affiants ask that the court order and mandate Secretary Hobbs to quickly issue a public declaration decertifying ALL Arizona Voting System Machines (VSMs) so that no future harm is done. 45. Declaring decertification of VSMs for future elections is the correct thing to compel Secretary Hobbs to do - due to the findings that there is not verifiability of the individual vote when using these VSMs. Indeed Secretary Hobbs’ certification and decertification role is key here. It is similar to a notarization or an FDA approval. If the equipment cannot be verified as ‘safe for use’ going forward, it should not be considered to be certified to be used. The fact that no machines in Arizona have been legally certified since 2017 due to no labs being accredited is a secondary but no less important factor in election purity. 46. Secretary Hobbs is bound to uphold and defend the Arizona State Constitution and would be in breach of agreement and in violation of oath if she will not issue a declaration and decertify the VSMs. If a notary were to knowingly, improperly notarize a faulty document, said notary would have that commission revoked. Secretary Hobbs’ seal and certification role is a serious and important one. Ww 47. Claimants/Affiants vote, voice and individual right to free and equal suffrage with pure, verifiable elections are of intrinsic importance to secure, or we have no voice at all 48. We cannot expect the Secretary of State to be cryptographer or computer expert to have known all of these details. However, she did have full knowledge, since June, about the laboratories not being accredited and has done nothing. 49. Itis therefore necessary for the court to compel Secretary Hobbs through mandamus action to uphold her oath of service as trustee and servant of the people's business, and decertify the machines and forbid their future use within Arizona. With malicious algorithms at play as bad actors, and no security feature or oversight in place that can cure the problem, we may not call any vote going forward, a legal vote, until this is fixed and we can verify each of the people's voices will be heard equally. 50. Claimants/Affiants also ask the court to compel and order Secretary Hobbs to be restrained from destroying any of the escrowed software in her keeping, in case there would ever be an investigation needing such software for review. 51. More of the people of Arizona united together in this claim will be responding by Affidavit and intention to add their voice to this mandamus action up until September 24th, at which time each’s signed 18 notice of intent shall be added to Exhibit J. The voices by affidavit of the people shall be considered to be joining in this claim, united together with the Claimants/Affiants initially listed. WHEREFORE, as a result of the foregoing, Claimants/Affiants respectfully request that proper process be served on Secretary Hobbs, requiring her to answer, act publicly to decertify machines, or otherwise respond for further mandamus action in the time allotted by law and set forth below. Claimants/Affiants wish a response and declaration to decertify by no later than September 30th. Claimants/Affiants ask that this Honorable Court compel Secretary Hobbs to publicly declare to decertify all election equipment (Voting System Machines - which include hardware, software and add ons) until such time as equipment may be able to be deemed safe for use in our future elections in Arizona. Actions requested as part of the mandamus order are these: 1. Secretary Hobbs be compelled to uphold the Arizona State Constitution that she swore to uphold and defend against all enemies foreign and domestic. 2. Secretary Hobbs be reminded of her oath and agreement to perform, and the breaches in need of cure, and how to do so; that she may act with haste and in good faith. 19 2. Secretary Hobbs be restrained from arbitrarily certifying any voting system machine equipment at all until the issue with 'FROG’ block cipher algorithms and HAVA compliance can be satisfactorily shown to be cured in accordance with law, to protect and maintain the people’s individual rights and right of free and equal suffrage. 3. Secretary Hobbs be restrained from destroying any election software kept on file by her office pursuant to law, in case there may be a reason for further investigation upon information contained herein. 3. That this Honorable Court respectfully remind the Attorney General by mandamus of this court, of the duties vested in him to FULLY and continually enforce and uphold the Arizona State Constitution. That he do so by immediately taking note of these facts about algorithms, certifications, and laboratory accreditation as a consumer issue similar to a recall, or false certification or claim, as well that he be aware of these voting system machines as products and devices that may woefully undermine civil rights by use of maliciously scripted algorithm which aborts the verifiability of the voice and vote of the people of Arizona for any future elections. 20 4 That this Honorable Court order a speedy hearing of this declaratory judgment action and thoroughly review all evidence contained herein within 7 days to understand the facts and law that give just cause to this petition for Mandamus action. 7 days is September 24th. If the court needs clarification and sworn testimony from Terpsehore (Tore) Maras whose Affidavit presents as Exhibit B, (which is the core hub of the evidence), let the Court call this witness to appear in person or by teleconference since she does not reside in Arizona, and let there be adequate time given for examination of the evidence and witness on the record. 5. _ That if Secretary Hobbs will not comply, nor be compelled, within 5 days after the Honorable Court has had time to review the evidence, (by September 30th at the latest), she must show cause as to why she believes the writ should not be granted. If she does so, Claimants/ Affiants shall be given notice and time to reply, raise questions of fact and attend a speedy trial if the facts warrant. 6. Such other relief to which Claimants/Affiants may show themselves to be entitled, such as a return of court filing fees. Respectiully submitted this {7 day of September, 202! a VERIFICATION #1 Ihereby declare, certify and state, pursuant to the penalties of perjury under the laws of the United States of America, and by the provisions of 28 USC 1746 that all of the foregoing representations are true and correct to the best of my knowledge, information and belief. Executed in Tucson Arizona onthis__Jt& day of Sepieuibeic Inthe Year ofourLord Two tmousand and Twenty One. Autograph of Mifare Notary as JURAT CERTIFICATE Arizone State} Pima County On esi Beplembe r 2021 (date) before me, , aNotary Public, personally appeared p y Roam Sion of Affiant, who proved to me on the bi of Satisfactory evidence to be the woman whose name is subscribed to the within instrument and Acknowledged to me that she executed the same in her authorized capacity, and that by her autograph(s) on the instrument the woman executed the instrument. I certify under PENALTY of PERJURY under the law/ul laws of Arizona State and that the foregoing paragraph is true and correct. WITNESS my hand and official seal Signature of Notary / Jurat ; NOTARY PUBLIC STATE OF ARIZONA Pima County LAURA SCHWICKRATH ‘COMMISSION # 557581 ty Commisson Expees Janay 20,2023 212 PE VERIFICATION #2 Thereby declare, certify and state, pursuant to the penalties of perjury under the laws of the United States of America, and by the provisions of 28 USC 1746 that all of the foregoing representations are true and correct to the best of my knowledge, information and belief Exeouted in TEM OE Arizona on this _ (77. day of SEPTEMBER. in the Year of our Lord Two thousand and Twenty One. ‘Autograph of Affiant Notary as JURAT CERTIFICATE M daicepa. County} On this 1 day of Se OV xe 2021 (date) before me. Lowe my VV a , a Notary Publi Steiner Name of Afiant, who proved to me on personally appeared the basis of Satisfactory evidence to be the man whose name is subscribed to the within instrument and Acknowledged to me that he executed the same in his authorized capacity, and that by his autograph(s) on the instrument the man executed the instrument. I certify under PENALTY of PERJURY under the lawful laws of Arizona State and that the foregoing paragraph is true and correct. WITNESS my hand and official seal. Signature of Notary / Jurat mt 23 VERIFICATION #3 Ihereby declare, certify and state, pursuant to the penalties of perjury under the laws of the United States of America, and by the provisions of 28 USC 1746 that all of the foregoing representations are true and correct to the best of my knowledge, information and belief. Executed in Tergpe Arizona onthis___ £7 day of co in the Year of our 5 Two via and Twenty One. ‘Autograph of Affiant Notary as JURAT CERTIFICATE Agizona State} Wasicopo County} We “ Onthis | 7 day of 2021 (date) before me, ‘eeoluna WM Gili . Notary Public, personally appeared \ Name of Affiant, who proved to me on the basis of Satisfactory evidence to be the man whose name is subscribed to the within instrument and Acknowledged to me that he executed the same in his authorized capacity, and that by his autograph(s) on the instrument the man executed the instrument. | certify under PENALTY of PERJURY under the lawtul laws of Arizona State and that the foregoing paragraph is true and correct. WITNESS my hand and official seal. Signature of Notary / Jurat OFFAL SEAL CAROLYN. Gi, oar Pile aa Aone "WEnicoPa COUNTY My Comision Bers MARCH 18 2022 24

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