Discussion on the mechanism and application of ant

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On the mechanism and application of defoamers (Part 2)

v. some practical tests for defoamers the efficacy of defoamers must be determined in the laboratory first. It is not advisable to convert the laboratory test results to production scale without further testing. The test method developed in our work, combined with the conditions of coating manufacturing and construction process, is feasible to evaluate the performance of defoamer. Different test methods can be selected according to different construction conditions (such as brushing, spraying, dipping, pressing "query/j", printing, etc.)

1. Mixing test

for our users, the simplest test method is mixing test. Under certain conditions, a turbine blade is used to infiltrate air into the coating system to be tested with defoamer. After mixing, immediately pour the material into the measuring bottle with marking scale, and then weigh it. Through the comparison of weight differences, determine the amount of air infiltrated into the system, so as to infer the effect of defoamer. The test also shows how much air exists in the form of spherical bubbles in the system

another test method is used to detect the number of macrobubbles. Under certain conditions, air is infiltrated into the system, and then the height of materials with the same weight is measured through a measuring cylinder to evaluate the effect of defoamer. This method can guide us to select the capacity ratio of mixing container in practical work

many defoamers can also cause surface defects of the paint film, such as shrinkage, etc. like the problem of foam, it is not the wish of all our ink producers. This can only be done through a large number of experiments and experiments before batch use

2. Flow coating test

flow coating test can be used to evaluate the compatibility and defoaming effect between defoamer and the coating system being tested. Immediately pour the sample after stirring test onto a piece of polyester film. The polyester film shall be placed on a frame with a vertical inclination of 25 degrees in advance. Carefully observe the flow coated test piece to see if there are bubbles on it. The method can also evaluate the defoaming effect of defoamer by observing the dry film

in some cases, the amount of antifoaming agent selected through mixing test and flow coating test is extremely high, which is not enough to explain the problem and give evaluation to those substrates whose surfaces are not very smooth and contain air. When determining the optimal dosage of defoamer, the end use of the product should be fully considered

3. Roll coating test

the method of roll coating test is very close to the actual construction conditions of the coating, so that the effects of different defoamers can be distinguished. The addition amount can even be tested. During the roll coating test, use a porous sponge as a pad roller, and apply 40g of paint on the substrate without adsorption. It can be a special test card or other standardized test card. The total coating area is 500cm2. Before each test, wet the roller with the same amount of water to ensure the reproducibility of each test. The wet film coating rate is about 300 g/m2

after the film is dried, compare the experimental paper jam and evaluate the surface defects of the test plate. If the test panel is backlit in the standard light source and the bubbles showing as light spots are carefully observed, it is easier to distinguish the advantages and disadvantages of defoamers

the above mixing test, flow coating test and roller coating test are all helpful to test the effect and performance of defoamer, so as to determine the best defoamer type and dosage suitable for the product, so as to meet the requirements of defoamer for comprehensive factors such as substrate, system, printing or construction conditions

VI. the problem of "too many bubbles" in water-based ink and its solutions

we discussed the mechanism of bubble generation earlier. In fact, the phenomenon of bubble generation in water-based ink is particularly easy to occur when the open ink supply mode is used to print a large area of the field. When the circulating closed ink supply system is used, this disadvantage can be described as very small

the reason why water-based inks are prone to generate bubbles actually depends on its composition: water-based inks are generally composed of insoluble pigments, water-soluble or water-dispersible resins, surfactants, water, a small amount of ethanol and other additives. They belong to an alkaline system, that is, a saponification system, which is similar to soapy water or detergent. They are very easy to generate bubbles in the case of frequent turnover

conventional methods to reduce or eliminate bubbles include adding defoamer, controlling viscosity and pH value, mechanical factors, etc

adding defoamers is a direct and effective method, but it is worth noting that most of the defoamers produced by domestic manufacturers use silica gel. After excessive addition, it is easy to make the ink particles coarser, resulting in pinholes in the field patterns of printed products, small dents, turtle cracks and other defects in flexible plates. Therefore, the amount of defoamers added is very important, and it is best to keep it at about 0.5% to 1.5%. As for other aspects of defoamers, they have been described above

control the viscosity and pH value well because the ink is easy to produce bubbles when it is too thick or over diluted. The reason why the ink thickens is that the contact area between the ink bucket and the air in the open ink supply system is large, and the ammonia or amine volatile components in the ink volatilize and escape, making the alkaline system slightly out of balance. At this time, the most intuitive performance is that the ink viscosity increases and the pH value decreases. The method adopted is to add a stabilizer with a pH value of 11 every 30 to 40 minutes to supplement the alkaline ingredients

as for machinery, the front ink baffle can be used to appropriately increase the printing speed, so that bubbles are not easy to transfer to the embossing roller. Relevant policies can be formulated to support the implementation and utilization of new material industry. Make full use of the circulating pump to supply ink. The lower layer of ink in the ink bucket is relatively stable with light bubbles, which generally float on the surface of the ink and will not enter the ink chamber with the ink delivery pipe. Adding a front ink baffle can form a relatively stable semi closed ink area near the inner wrinkle roll of the open ink bucket, and keep the constantly generated bubbles out of this area, reducing the probability of bubbles approaching the wrinkle roll. Properly increase the vehicle speed to increase the pressure in the semi enclosed area and effectively limit the time of bubbles. These two functions are just consistent with the advantages of the closed ink supply system. Therefore, it is also a very scientific and effective method

in fact, there is a simpler way. After adding two self-made ink baffles, insert two pieces of waste cardboard into the ink flowing along both sides of the front baffle. At this time, the cardboard must be perpendicular to the direction of flowing ink. The trick is to control the insertion depth of the side ink baffle, which is neither too deep nor too shallow, at the boundary between the bubble layer and the ink layer

many printing houses also use manual ink skimming. When the machine is shut down, the ink in the ink bucket stops turning, and the bubbles originally wrapped in the ink float to the surface of the ink. At this time, you can use cardboard and other tools to skim the bubbles and reduce the times of adding defoamer, which also plays a role in maintaining the printing adaptability of the ink and reducing the depression of the flexo

VII. Summary

the function of defoamer is to inhibit and eliminate the generation of bubbles; Generally speaking, when the viscosity of water-based ink is too high and the pH value is low, or when the printing machine runs faster, it is easy to produce bubbles. If the amount of bubbles is relatively large, dirty versions will appear. Water based inks generally use alkali soluble binder, which is an alkali solution of acid resin, which is an aqueous solution similar to soap. Because the water-soluble binder has the characteristics of soap, foam will be generated in the ink bucket due to the mixing effect of the ink bucket roller, and the production of foam will lead to the quality problems of printed matter. Therefore, defoamer or antifoam agent must be used for water-based inks to control the generation of foam

antifoam agent can break or inhibit the foam that has been produced, and antifoam agent can prevent or inhibit the formation of foam. Antifoam and antifoam agents are generally water-soluble materials such as silicon, modified fatty acids, and alcohols such as ethyl ethanol. The anti foaming effect is usually related to the aging degree of the ink. The newly prepared ink is less likely to produce foam than the previously prepared ink

when using defoamer, attention should be paid to the mixing ratio of defoamer and water. Generally, it is recommended to use a ratio of about 3:1, and it is recommended to use a spray gun to spray on the ink surface in the ink bucket tank. Attention should be paid to the amount of antifoam agent or defoamer, otherwise high yield point and thixotropic rheological problems of the ink will be caused, causing local expansion of the printing plate to produce fish eyes and pits

source: ink information

Copyright © 2011 JIN SHI


Are solar panels considered hazardous waste?

Solar panel waste can include heavy metals such as silver, lead, arsenic and cadmium that – at certain levels – may be classified as hazardous waste.

Are solar panels hazardous waste?

The California Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) recently finalized long-awaited revisions to its hazardous waste regulations that will allow PV solar panels to be managed as “universal waste” beginning on January 1, 2021.

How do you dispose of solar panels?

7 Ways To Get Rid Of Unwanted Solar Panels

  1. Sell them.
  2. Give them away.
  3. Live where the local Council will take them.
  4. Find a scrap dealer who will take them for free.
  5. Pay for them to be disposed of as electronic waste.
  6. Pay for them to be recycled.
  7. Shove them where the sun doesn’t shine.

What is the waste of solar energy?

Starting on January 1, 2021, decommissioned solar panels will be regulated like other universal wastes in California, which include batteries, electronic devices, mercury containing equipment, lamps, cathode ray tubes, and aerosol cans.

Are solar panels really environmentally friendly?

In addition, studies back up that electricity production by photovoltaic solar panels is more sustainable than electricity powered by fossil fuels. … Hence, solar PV technologies are small and can be used anywhere in the world with relatively low operation and maintenance costs.

THIS IS INTERESTING:  Best answer: How was irrigation transformed with the coming of electricity in Palampur?

Are solar panels e waste?

Some states, including California, treat solar panels as hazardous waste. Washington has a solar stewardship program requiring that manufacturers collect panels at no charge to the customer for end of life for recycling.

Why solar panels are bad for the environment?

Solar panels often contain lead, cadmium, and other toxic chemicals that cannot be removed without breaking apart the entire panel. … California is in the process of determining how to divert solar panels from landfills, which is where they currently go, at the end of their life.

Are solar panels easy to recycle?

Solar panels

A solar panel’s aluminium frame and junction box (also known as a terminal box) are the components that are most commonly or easily recycled.

What is the biggest problem with solar energy?

The Disadvantages of Solar Energy


• Apollon Nutrition TIMECOP
  • Apollon Nutrition TIMECOP
  • Apollon Nutrition TIMECOP

Apollon Nutrition TIMECOP

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Apollon Nutrition TIMECOP is a revolutionary combination of two Apollon brand supplements Overtime and Hooligan Bare Knuckle!

Apollon Nutrition TIMECOP combines the powerful nootropic effects of the Overtime supplement, which provides high-quality substances to support the nervous system, focus, and concentration, but also stimulates action, with the Bare Knuckle product, which does not contain stimulants, but is based on the latest pumping and exercise enhancing formulas!

How does Apollon Nutrition TIMECOP work?

  • Maximizes power and strength,
  • Adds motivation,
  • Improves mood and well being,
  • Has nootropic effect,
  • Hard-Hitting Energy
  • Accelerates focus and intensity,
  • Allows you to control the rush of thoughts,
  • Contains unique pumping substances,
  • Increases the effect of muscle pumps,
  • Increases energy levels in muscles,
  • Enhances strength and endurance,
  • No crush effects,
  • Zero fillers.

Apollon Nutrition TIMECOP is yet another response of the Apollon brand to the needs of people in training. The excellent product Hooligan Bare Knuckle, which has gained a large group of fans, has been supplemented with strong nootropic and stimulating substances. The hybrid is a perfect fit for people who love Bare Knuckle for its functional effects but have been somewhat lacking in stimulants. That's how by adding the active ingredients from Overtime, TIMECOP was born. Apollon points out that we are now getting a masterpiece that is comprehensive workout support. The supplement will be perfect for people who love stimulants, use nootropics, and also like to see their muscles get bigger and bigger during a workout.

1 serving, ½ scoop:
A blend of essential vitamins and minerals.
Apollon Nutrition TIMECOP contains added essential minerals like sodium and B vitamins. Supplements are designed to maintain the proper flow of nerve impulses, and control of muscle contractions, which allows for an increase in the efficiency of exercise. The additives also have the function of maintaining metabolic processes at the right level. In the mix you will find: Sodium - 120 mg; Vitamin B3 - 15 mg; Vitamin B6 - 25 mg; Folic Acid - 680 mcg; Vitamin B12 - 125 mcg.

TIMECOP Performance Matrix
L-Citrulline - 4000 mg - Citrulline is an excellent way to significantly increase your muscle pump. Its action perfectly stimulates the increase of arginine in the body, which in turn translates into an increase in nitric oxide synthesis. Citrulline also has a protective effect on arginine by blocking enzymes that break down the amino acid. In sports supplementation, citrulline is also used as an element that improves endurance and muscle performance.

Beta-alanine - 1600 mg - is the most popular ingredient when it comes to muscle endurance. It works by stimulating the synthesis of a very important antioxidant - carnosine. The action of carnosine allows an increase in muscle endurance, which is manifested among others through faster transport of hydrogen ions and delayed occurrence of lactic acid.

Betaine anhydrous - 1600 mg - also known as trimethylglycine TMG. Its action translates effectively into an increase in exercise capacity. It is an effective component blocking homocysteine activity. In the human body, it also supports the production of creatine and contributes to the greater synthesis of nitric oxide.

L-Tyrosine - 1000 mg - An essential amino acid, which is responsible for several metabolic processes. From a functional point of view, tyrosine has properties that support energy levels, enable more effective use of substances consumed in food, and have a nootropic effect. Among other things, tyrosine will support memory and concentration.

Agmatine - 750 mg - the action of agmatine is focused primarily on increasing nitric oxide synthesis and increasing the possibility of obtaining a significant muscle pump. However, its effects are much broader, where it has also been proven to support the nervous system, improve muscle performance, and support the appetite.

Lion's Mane - 500 mg - or coneflower, is an edible mushroom with adaptogenic and nootropic properties. Its action effectively increases well-being and allows for better concentration of attention, faster memory, and focus. Moreover, it has many health-promoting properties and reduces stress and feelings of fatigue.

Phenylethylamine HCL - 375 mg - or PEA, is a substance that is excellent for improving mood. Its action allows you to train much more effectively. Thanks to the fact that it eliminates the feeling of fatigue and inhibits feelings of tiredness during exercise, we are more willing to undertake physical activity and perform better workouts.

L-Alpha GPC - 300 mg - is an advanced form of choline that has been shown to support both exercise and the brain. Thanks to its properties, which allow it to cross the blood-brain barrier, Alpha GPC effectively supports cognitive function, has a nootropic effect, reduces fatigue, and increases concentration. In studies using Alpha GPC, it has also been shown to contribute to increased muscle strength.

VasoDrive-AP (Casein Hydrolysate) - 254 mg - is an ingredient built from protein peptides derived from casein hydrolysate. This is a unique ingredient that has been patented to dilate blood vessels and increase blood flow to the muscles during training. The blend consists of two tripeptides such as Valyl-Prolyl-Proline (VPP) and Isoleucyl- Prolyl-Proline (IPP).

Caffeine anhydrous - 200 mg - is a stimulant that eliminates fatigue and sleepiness. Caffeine is one of the most popular stimulants which is excellent at motivating you to take action. Sports supplements usually form the basis for pre-workouts and fat burners. It works by utilizing fat stores for energy.

Eria Jarensis (N-Phenethyl Dimethylamine) - 150 mg - the plant is a rich source of n-phenethyl dimethylamine, which shows stimulating properties. The active ingredient can raise norepinephrine levels, which effectively translates into a stimulant effect. Moreover, the cognitive, nootropic effect also translates into significantly elevated psychomotor abilities. An increase in dopamine, due to n-phenethyl dimethylamine, effectively gives us the will to act and improves our mood.

Rhodiola rosea root - 150 mg - belongs to a group of adaptogenic plants, which support perfectly the nervous system during the period after training. It has an interesting property of supporting the effects of stimulants. Rhodiola rosea, thanks to its active compounds such as salidrosides, ensures that the nervous system doesn't get used to stimulants, which allows for a much better stimulating reaction.

Pink Himalayan Salt - 150 mg - is known for its electrolyte replenishing properties, mainly sodium. Himalayan salt is rich in several trace elements, which are worth using during training as a functional supplement to our metabolism. It helps maintain the appropriate level of hydration of muscle cells and may contribute to better and more sustained muscle pumps.

Caffeine malate - 100 mg - is a combination of caffeine with malic acid, which is much gentler on the stomach and better absorbed. This substance is designed to prolong the action of caffeine, which makes it last longer and supports the body so that it doesn't experience a sudden drop in energy after exercise. Caffeine supports the effect of stimulation, eliminates fatigue, accelerates the oxidation of fatty acids, and even has the effect of increasing muscle performance.

CoffeBerry (arabica coffee fruit) - 50 mg - is a patented blend of arabica coffee fruit, which is a natural source of caffeine as well as other active substances contained in coffee. The ingredient perfectly complements other forms of caffeine for a balanced stimulating effect.

Hordenine HCL - 50 mg - is an active substance that allows you to increase your heart's ejection capacity. In the sports supplementation, this means the ability to increase effort for the entire body. Hordenine also has a stimulating effect, it affects the secretion of norepinephrine, which effectively triggers physiological processes that increase energy levels in the body.

AstraGin - 25 mg - is an additive that increases the possibility of absorbing active ingredients contained in TIMECOP. What's more, AstraGin effectively increases the insulin sensitivity of tissues and prevents energy depletion during a workout, which allows you to maintain constant high exercise intensity.

Noopept - 15 mg - is an advanced nootropic substance that belongs to the racetam group. Its action effectively improves cognitive function, and mental abilities, and contributes to better memory and association of facts. In sports supplementation noopept is used to improve brain-muscle connection, allowing us to increase motor awareness. Better focus on training means better quality of movements, better muscle tone, and muscle feel.

Alpha Yohimbine (90% Rauwolfia Canescens leaves) - 0,75 mg - these days, alpha yohimbine is making waves on the supplement market as an energizing and stimulating supplement, allowing you to perform a more intense workout. Yohimbine stimulates the body, but also mobilizes it to use more energy resources in our body. This means that the stimulated nervous system can engage muscles more strongly in the extreme effort.

Recommended Dosage: 1 serving, ½ scoop 30 min before workout. If needed, increase the serving to 1 scoop.

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IPL Future Will Look Like This, Deets Inside

 - Sakshi Post

The Indian Premier League is a widely renowned league across the world. Most foreign cricketers are also interested in playing in the IPL. The 15th season of the Indian Premier League has recently concluded with debutants Gujarat Titans as the winners. A rumor is circulating on social media that the future of IPL may change.

In IPL 2022, with the inclusion of two new teams, a total of 74 matches were played, which was the highest. Now, based on reports, the BCCI is planning to increase the number of matches in the IPL after every two seasons. A total of 410 matches would be played between 2023 and 2027.

IPL 2023: 74 matches

IPL 2024: 74 matches

The teams played 74 matches in the last season, so the format would not change in IPL 2023 and 2024.

IPL 2025: 84 matches

IPL 2026: 84 matches

In this scenario, the teams will play 16 matches.

Also Read: Here's Why Mithali Raj Wants To Be Single

IPL 2027: 94 matches

If it happens, the teams will play 18 matches.

If the number of matches increases, companies bidding for media rights will get bigger. The broadcasting channels will get more time for advertising and their revenue will increase, which will benefit BCCI. But if it happens, the spectators may lose interest, which affects the viewership. However, the BCCI has not yet specified whether it will increase the number of matches or the format.

Read More:

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Webinar Q&A Recap: Partner Success: The New Frontier

July 21, 2022

Kate McBee

Speakers: Star Hofer, Chief Customer Officer, Partnerstack, and Carlos Quezada, Head of Digital Services Strategy & Customer Success, Aruba

Star Hofer Companies large and small are recognizing the power of Partner Success to enable their channel partners in delivering a consistent customer experience to their shared end users, and it is quickly becoming the way of the future.

During this session, Star and Carlos shared their own real-life experiences on what worked and answered some intriguing questions from the audience that we’ve recapped below.

Q&A Recap

Q: Carlos, could you elaborate more on the pilot program you ran with your partner network? What did that look like and how did it work? How do you thoughtfully take your organization to the next level?

Carlos Quezada (CQ): Yeah, absolutely. So, let me just kind of set the groundwork of where we were when we launched the partner program. Right as we started having a discussion about building up this partner program, we had already established some maturity around what I would call our “tech ecosystem,” so we had a Customer Success automation tool in place. We had the ability to monitor customers through the progression of the journey, we were able to have a concept of customer health score and were firing off digital engagements that were contextual and timely based on where the customer was, so that had already been established. And so now the question is, how can we go in and share some of that information? How can we scale it?

Some context – we started with digital first. We’re managing a portfolio of over 13,000 customers globally and we don’t have dedicated CSMs. So, we have a swarm CSM model, and we have eight CSMs managing that install base of 13,000 customers. We do a lot of things very, very digital heavy, so, with that in mind, how can we go and extend some of those capabilities to the partner? What we did is picked friendly partners who already had the right level of thought process and discipline around Customer Success. We reached out to partners who understood the concept of Customer Success, in some cases they did, or they didn’t have a Customer Success automation platform already. And so, what we did is we picked, initially, I think it was five, and then by the end the pilot we had about 13 partners. And similarly to how you would on board a customer, we onboarded partners. So, one of the first things that we did as part of the onboarding was a Customer Success one-on-one training where we walked them through what Customer Success is as we recognize it. And we walked them through what we do today from a customer lifecycle management perspective. And through that, we learned [from partners] that said, “hey well we’re actually doing this, we call it something different.” And so, it was really understanding what the current partner model was and evolving it to line up into this. In some of the cases, partners did not have a dedicated resource to act as the CSM, so some existing resources had been repurposed and were already doing CSM-like activities, but they really weren’t mapped to what I would call the ‘art’ of Customer Success. And so, what that pilot looked like is we actually onboarded the partners on to our Customer Success automation platform. We gave them their own view of their customers and we assigned them a Partner Success Manager who acted as their coach.

As part of the training, we walked them through what we expect a customer to go through in the first 30 days and if a customer goes from on track, to off track, to at risk, what is it that we would normally do. Now that’s going to be done by the partner. And so, a lot of the workflow rules and automation in the tool were now being redirected at the partner as opposed to our CSMs. And so obviously it was a lot of learning and evolution throughout that year. [There are] things as a CS leader that you walk into when you start going into this world of partners and channel that you probably don’t have a lot of context on, like the partner comp model and this whole thing of how do you measure [partner] performance and those types of things. Those are things that you’ll have to kind of uncover and figure out how you solve for [as you go]. We felt like we actually created a pretty good rinse and repeat model [in that first year]. So, we kept it at 13 partners globally, and right now, those 13 partners represent over 400 accounts globally. Now what we’ve done is we actually created kind of a triage, where partners can fill out an online maturity assessment and based on the output of the maturity assessment, we can gauge whether or not they’re ready to participate in the program or not.

Q:  Partners are often associated with “implementations and projects,” are there different models and specific strategies and programs for post-implementation Partner Success models?

Star Hofer (SH): When I think of partners that are doing implementation and projects, that could be anything from agencies, it could be third party companies that are in place. When we think about models and strategies, I’m not sure if we’re talking about ‘how do we engage with them,’ or ‘how do we bring them on the journey.’ There are multiple different ways I think this [question] can be interpreted but I’m going to go down the road of ‘how do we take them on the journey?’

So, from my point of view, with a services background, this is really something that excites me, and I haven’t done this yet at Partner Stack and I’m very excited to do it at some point. In implementations and projects where you’re using a third party or some type of agency, you do need to figure out what that experience looks like for them. How do you get them on board and activated because, essentially, they are an extension of you. And so, to start that, are you ready for it? There are lots of checklists and stuff that you need before you can bring them in and making sure you bring them in at the optimal time [is critical]. And does your revenue model actually support bringing these types of partners in?

But let’s assume all of that is a ‘yes.’ Then, from specific modeling and strategies, I would map out who are the types of partners that you are wanting to bring in, and what type of implementation projects are they doing?  What does the expectation from the customer look like? Then align those and do journey mapping or customer experience mapping. What is the optimal experience to get those partners activated as fast as you can but also delivering on your vision as well, without compromising that company’s mission too? Because that’s the hardest part – because they are their own entity and they’re going to have their own pieces of values and integrity that they’re wanting to hold to, and you also have yours. Making sure there’s some harmony between the two, and that experience is somewhat lined up, so at the end of the day, the customer is getting what they need, the partner is getting what they need, and you as the provider are getting what you need.

Peter Armaly (PA): Before you answer too Carlos, I just want to comment – it’s true [in some cases] a lot of partners are focused on implementations and very specific projects with the clients now. A lot of those partners are massive global entities and so, I guess the challenge is how do we ensure the partner stays engaged? And understands the broader context and what we want to achieve [when it comes to] driving outcomes with your brand, beyond just the implementation and specific project? So, Carlos I just wanted to throw that out for a little more color.

CQ: Yeah, so I think that’s a great toss up and I run the risk of actually kind of blowing this up a little bit bigger. So, to give you some context – I’m also part of the Services organization, and so we take a look at the different opportunities for this. We do have Professional Services, and we have folks that will go out there and do rack and stack and they actually do some of the deployment piece.

When I think about Customer Success, and when I take a look at the way that we orchestrate it, to me Customer Successes is an umbrella over the Services organization. And in some of the work that happens in Professional Services, onboarding, training, CSMs, tech support, renewals, all those functions or those silos or verticals are actually tied together by this Customer Success capability, which is building out those journey maps and making sure that people understand how they’re accountable to the team to the right and what would they expect from the team on the left.

And so, with that in mind, this actually made me realize something. Although we built out this Partner Success program, where partners are scaling and helping us deliver CS engagements on our behalf for our SaaS products, in the Services organization what we’ve also contributed is we’ve built out those journey maps. And we’ve identified, you know, the ratio of who’s working with the customer when, to create that seamless experience. And so, in that model what we do is we identify, I think we call them Customer Engagement Managers, and they’re the ones that are actually managing the partner ecosystem through the delivery. And so, at that point it’s not expected that the partners have to have this whole concept of what Customer Success looks like and what they have to do, it’s actually orchestrated by the CEM. [That way,] the capabilities and the KPIs of on-time delivery and all that stuff still lie on our shoulders, through the CEM. But the partners that are brought in to deliver are actually identified as part of that PS engagement. We call it a helicopter CSM, like helicopter parent, where you have a CSM who’s managing that throughout. Because I think that ecosystem is so big, to your point Peter, we have a similar thing, where you may have to do an installation somewhere in Malaysia, and trying to find that partner, it’s just not going to happen. And time is of the essence. So, we actually bring that CS capability back in house [in that scenario,] but manage that a little bit broader than just a Professional Services Project Manager, because it does go beyond installation once its installed. We also offer, for example, a managed services component, so once it’s installed, we actually manage and own the network on behalf of the customer so, it’s that handoff between [the two]. So, that’s how we would normally do it, bring it back in and manage on the inside.

Watch the recording of this webinar to catch up on the full conversation!


The Power of Collective Purpose in Schools

What is the role of the school leader in nurturing a sense of collective purpose?

Over the past two disruptive years in education, teachers have never felt more demoralized, and their professional expertise has never been more threatened. Stress, trauma, and loss of agency can damage what organizational researchers Teresa Amabile and Steven Kramer call our “inner work lives,” the thoughts and emotions that drive our happiness and our productivity at work. Education researchers Ryan Donlan and Shelly Wilfong make a similar case, connecting a teacher’s sense of wellbeing and success at work to their perception of how much they matter. In both cases, a sense of purpose plays a critical role: teachers need to believe that what they are doing both benefits them personally and contributes to something bigger than themselves.

In schools, much of our purpose work focuses on helping students discover and nurture their own purposes. This is, of course, admirable and important, but how often do we take the time to define, share, and nurture our purpose as educators? When prioritized alongside belonging, purpose can increase the psychic rewards of teaching, which can motivate a person to remain in their job. Leaders often struggle when their management style doesn’t demonstrate a clear understanding and commitment to purpose. Yet, purpose is rarely an explicit, ongoing part of our work and, in some cases, important decisions about workload, compensation, program, etc. lack a clear connection to purpose, which hurts a school’s culture.

I’ve written before about how crucial purpose work is for individual educators. Here, I want to emphasize the need for school leaders to complement that individual work by acting as the stewards of collective purpose in schools: the shared understanding of, belief in, and pursuit of communal values and goals. A firm grip on collective purpose allows people in a school community to make coherent decisions in the face of ambiguity and uncertainty, to create clear and empowering communications, and to prioritize the work that matters by letting go of the tasks that don’t. In other words, collective purpose builds trust.

Portraits for Collective Purpose

As part of GOA’s Design Lab, I’ve been guiding school teams through development of different kinds of school Portraits: Portraits of a Graduate, Portraits of an Educator, Portraits of a Leader. Portraits are visual, memorable, and learner-friendly documents that reflect a school’s public commitment to its learning priorities. The design methodology is grounded in clarifying collective purpose by working as a community to define the learning outcomes that matter to us.

Whether your Portrait defines collective purpose as student outcomes, teacher outcomes, or leader outcomes (or all three!), the process is as important as the product: designing a Portrait is an inclusive process full of collaboration and visible thinking. It creates time and space for open reflection across a school community: What are our visions for our students and ourselves? What unspoken assumptions do we make about school that we should articulate and evaluate? Are we all working towards the same goals? If so, how do we know? If not, why not?

Image of GOA's Profile of a School Leader

GOA's Portrait of a School Leader

Collective Purpose Leads to Collective Teacher Efficacy

Schools and communities use Portraits in many ways: to organize programming around relevant skills, to launch a move towards competency-based learning, and to break down silos that prevent collaboration and innovation. For me, some of the most powerful potential in a Portrait lies in its ability to move us towards collective teacher efficacy.

Collective teacher efficacy is the shared belief among teachers that the work they are doing has a positive effect on student learning. It is the most powerful influence on student achievement on John Hattie’s famous list of 252 effects. Research has found its impact ranges from conveying high expectations to students to fostering learner autonomy to teachers’ putting forth greater effort and persistence to trying new teaching approaches based on effective pedagogy.

Collective teacher efficacy and collective purpose are not the same thing. As Hattie makes clear, collective teacher efficacy is the result of an ongoing, rigorous process of feedback loops where teachers implement ideas in the classroom, collect evidence of impact, then gather in groups to analyze that evidence before returning to the classroom to make evidence-based shifts to their practice. This loop of applying pedagogy, documenting the results, then discussing those results in professional learning communities, improves practice and produces collective teacher efficacy. It places teachers and their expertise at the center of evidence-based practice.

Collective purpose can be the first step towards collective teacher efficacy. In schools where teachers are accustomed to operating individually or in insular silos, a clearly articulated collective purpose in the form of a Portrait creates an opportunity for teachers to gather to discuss and plan for pursuing shared learning outcomes. The common rubrics that emerge from a Portrait (for example, Mesa Public School’s “Look Fors” and Utah’s competency model rubrics) can become tools for collaborative collection and review of student work, for high-quality feedback among colleagues, and for effective monitoring of student progress across domains and grade levels, all key ingredients in collective teacher efficacy.

As education professor Jal Mehta has argued, giving educators time, space, and resources to gather to design and test solutions to common problems is one of the most powerful and effective ways to empower teachers to do their best work. For me, this is some of the most important work school leaders can do right now: reconnect to purpose, and then provide the support teachers need to act on it.

GOA’s Design Lab works with schools to create and implement Portraits. Submit an inquiry to learn more about how we can bring our design process to your school. Additionally, we invite you to join our next free, online event: “Ask Me Anything: How Do We Rethink Time and Space?” on March 23rd at 2pm ET. Register here to join the discussion.

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The Daily Manila Shimbun

Last day for A-bomb dolls at museum

April 25, 2017

HIROSHIMA- On display at the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum since 1973, three dolls modeled after victims of the 1945 atomic bombing of the western Japan city have left a deep impression on many visitors.
They are set to be removed after opening for public viewing for the last time on Tuesday, eliciting regretful responses from some "hibakusha" atomic bomb survivors who wanted the dolls to be kept on exhibition as materials to communicate the devastation of the bombing.
The life-size plastic dolls represent an adult woman, a female student and a boy wandering in the wreckage of downtown Hiroshima, with burned skin thinly veiled by torn clothes. The current three replaced first-generation versions in 1991.
As part of an overall display renovation following seismic strengthening work on the museum building, the museum decided to make the new exhibits more focused on real materials, such as personal belongings of the victims and photographs.
The dolls will be placed in the museum's treasure house and will not be on permanent display after the renovated main museum building opens in July next year.
The removal plan has drawn both support and opposition from hibakusha.
"The dolls have been offering a glimpse of the horrors of the atomic bombing by describing what actually happened to living human bodies," said Chieko Kiriake, an 87-year-old member of a hibakusha association in Hiroshima Prefecture.
Kiriake, who experienced the atomic bombing when she was 15, remembers a student in a lower grade at her school walking toward her in the ruins with burned skin hanging off.
"The skin was covered in dirt, and the student was almost naked, with clothes burned away," Kiriake said, explaining how the dolls are somewhat different from the reality.
But she said, "The dolls carry persuasive power."
Noting that the dolls are good materials allowing people to imagine the horrors of the bombing in three dimensions, Kiriake said it is regrettable that they will be removed.
At the same time, some claim that the dolls look unnatural. A Hiroshima city assembly meeting heard feedback from a museum visitor who said they are scary. (Jiji Press)


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Q: What is the volume of a cube in cube feet that is 3.5 of a foot long?
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What is the difference of 3 cubic feet versus 3 foot cube?

A 3 foot cube has edges that are three feet long and a total volume of 27 cubic feet. 3 cubic feet describes a cube with edges the cube root of 3 long. (about 1.44225 feet)

A cube has sides that are each 11 feet long. What is the volume of the cube?

V = 1,331 cubic feet.

How long is the edge of cube whose volume is 300 cubic feet?

6.694 feet.

What is the volume of a cube with an edge 2.3 feet long?

V = 12.167 cubic feet.

Volume of a cylinder 20 foot wide by 26 foot long?

The volume is 8,168.1 cubic feet.

What is the Volume of a 1 foot long by 1 foot radius pipe?

The volume is 0.7854 cubic feet.

How many inches are in one cubic feet?

The volume of 1 cubic foot cannot be converted to a length in inches. One cubic foot is the volume of a cube 12 inches wide, 12 inches high, and 12 inches long.

What is the volume of a cylinder one foot in diameter and 90 feet long--thanks?

The volume is 70.685 cubic feet.

What is volume of a cylinder 10x4'?

A 10 foot long by 4 foot wide cylinder has volume of 126 cubic feet.

What does the math term 1FT3 mean?

One cubic foot, the volume of a cube that is one foot long, one foot high and one foot wide.

How much is 6 inches thick in cubic feet?

To calculate cubic volume you need to know all three dimensions, length, width, and height. A cube foot is one foot by one foot by one foot. Something a foot wide and a foot long, but only 6 inches high, would be .5 cubic feet.

What is the volume of 10 foot height 18 feet long 15 feet wide?

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Italy EV Chemicals Market 2022-2027

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    Lithium-polymer batteries use a substance called polymer. It employs polymer as the electrolyte rather than liquid. Although the chemical is frequently found in plastic, its uses are not restricted to plastic.

    Infographic ; Italy EV Chemicals Market, Italy EV Chemicals Market Size, Italy EV Chemicals Market Trends, Italy EV Chemicals Market Forecast, Italy EV Chemicals Market Risks, Italy EV Chemicals Market Report, Italy EV Chemicals Market Share

    Its structure has repetitive molecular subunits and is generally adaptable to any usage. Polymer works well as an electrolyte to connect the positive and negative polarities of electrodes when combined with lithium.

    The weight of a lithium polymer battery is an advantage. This one is utilised in numerous devices due to its size and relative lightness. Lithium polymer batteries are being used by automakers in an effort to lighten and reduce the weight of the vehicle.

    Consequently, the battery will undoubtedly be larger than the one used in a portable device. So one of the chemicals utilised in the batteries of electric vehicles is polymer.

    ICL, a prominent international speciality minerals company, announced that its YPH joint venture factory  can now provide a full range of mono ammonium phosphate (MAP) solutions.

    Due to its complete control over the phosphate value chain, from the mine to the finished product, YPH is able to address the specific needs of its clients while still being flexible and cost-effective.

    The production of lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries for electric vehicles and other energy storage is one of the speciality MAP products for which ICL is dedicated to adding capacity in order to fulfil the fast rising customer demand.

    ICL sees a significant source of potential growth for its speciality chemicals based on phosphate and bromine in the EV and energy storage markets, both in the short and long terms. In order to increase the use of LFP and other specialised technology in Europe and the US, the company is presently looking into joint ventures with customers.

    1. What is the average cost per  Italy EV Chemicals market  right now and how will it change in next 5-6 years?
    2. Average cost to set up an  EV Chemicals market  in Italy?
    3. How many Italy EV Chemicals market  are manufactured per annum globally? Who are the sub-component suppliers in different regions?
    4. What is happening in the overall public, globally?
    5. Cost breakup of a  Italy EV Chemicals market  and key vendor selection criteria
    6. Where is the Italy EV Chemicals market  manufactured? What is the average margin per equipment?
    7. Market share of Italy EV Chemicals market  manufacturers and their upcoming products
    8. The most important planned  Italy EV Chemicals market  in next 2 years
    9. Details on network of major Italy EV Chemicals market  and pricing plans
    10. Cost advantage for OEMs who manufacture Italy EV Chemicals market  in-house
    11. 5 key predictions for next 5 years in Italy EV Chemicals market
    12. Average B-2-B Italy EV Chemicals market price in all segments
    13. Latest trends in Italy EV Chemicals market, by every market segment
    14. The market size (both volume and value) of Italy EV Chemicals market in 2022-2027 and every year in between?
    15. Global production breakup of Italy EV Chemicals market, by suppliers and their OEM relationship
    Sl no Topic
    1 Market Segmentation
    2 Scope of the report
    3 Abbreviations
    4 Research Methodology
    5 Executive Summary
    6 Introduction
    7 Insights from Industry stakeholders
    9 Disruptive innovation in the Industry
    10 Technology trends in the Industry
    11 Consumer trends in the industry
    12 Recent Production Milestones
    13 Component Manufacturing in US, EU and China
    14 COVID-19 impact on overall market
    15 COVID-19 impact on Production of components
    16 COVID-19 impact on Point of sale
    21 Product installation rate by OEM, 2022
    23 Competition from substitute products
    24 Gross margin and average profitability of suppliers
    25 New product development in past 12 months
    26 M&A in past 12 months
    27 Growth strategy of leading players
    28 Market share of vendors, 2022
    29 Company Profiles
    30 Unmet needs and opportunity for new suppliers
    31 Conclusion
    32 Appendix

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Defending The Big Blind Multiway

One of the biggest mistakes that I see in weak players is that they defend their big blind too wide when facing multiway action. In today’s article, I want to discuss adjustments that need to be made when calling in the big blind multiway.

Poker is a game that is constantly evolving, 5-6 years ago everyone vastly overfolded their big blinds getting too good of a price preflop and giving up too much expected value (EV). In the last 2-3 years, players have caught onto this trend and know they probably over defend their big blind (BB) with too weak of hands. They have over adjusted in my opinion. The specific situation we will cover today is the biggest errors they can make though. In today’s example, we will discuss a simple situation where middle position raises to 2.5bb, the button calls and we are in the big blind. We will assume we are 100bb deep in all situations.

Before we get into the nitty gritty, let’s talk about a simpler situation. Let’s assume the middle position player raised and no one called and we are now closing the action in a heads-up pot in the BB. We will use a very powerful tool, Power Equilab, to help us analyze the situation. Some basic math first to calculate our pot odds. We are facing a 2.5bb raise from the lojack (LJ). There is 2.5bb + 1.5bb in the pot from blinds and antes and we must call 1.5bb more. Therefore, we must risk 1.5bb to win 4bb + our 1.5bb which means we need 27% equity. We should call with all hands with more than 27% equity vs the MP opening range after taking into account equity realization.

In this simple example, we will look at K-8 offsuit. Below you will see the MP range that I assigned and the equity that K-8 offsuit has against that range.

Equilab 1

As you can see, with 37% equity we have a clear call with K-8 offsuit. We have to realize at least 70% of our equity post flop to make this a reasonable defend. K-8 offsuit doesn’t have the best playability, but we should be able to realize enough equity. If you look at any GTO chart, K-8 offsuit is a clear call here.

Now that we have explored this simpler example facing a heads-up situation, what happens when the button flat calls and now we have the same decision with K- 8 offsuit. First, lets recalculate our pot odds. We have to call 1.5bb to win 1.5+2.5+2.5+1.5 = 8. We are getting better pot odds and now need roughly 19% equity to justify a preflop call. In the above heads-up situation we required 27%. For reference, 7-2 offsuit has 27% equity versus the MP open in a heads-up pot.

For this example, we will give the button the following cold calling range and leave the MP range untouched.

Below, you can see that a random hand in this situation has around 25% equity to call with our better pot odds, more than enough to call preflop you would think.

Here you can see that K-8 offsuit only does slightly worse than a random hand, this is because K-8 is now heavily dominated since two possible ranges can contain a hand that dominates us.

These calculations don’t take into account reverse implied odds or equity realization. If you were to use a solver tool, you would find that the EV of K-8 offsuit is drastically lower than its equity/pot share because of very poor equity realization.

In the heads-up situation, we can easily call with K-8 because we will realize enough of our equity. While the in-position player will out play us and steal EV from us by making better informed decisions, we still realize enough equity to justify our preflop call. However, playing multiway, we realize even less equity than the heads-up situation, as in a heads-up pot, you can often win at showdown with one pair or a strong high card hand like -ace-high. When multiway, however, the threshold of hands required to win at showdown is higher. You need stronger pairs or perhaps two pair to win at showdown because there are more players in the pot. K-8 offsuit is a very poor hand to try to make better than one pair. We cannot make a two card flush or two card straight. K-8 offsuit does fine in a heads-up spot because of the pairs it can make, but struggles in a multiway spot.

We should choose to fold hands like K-8 offsuit and A-8 offsuit, while defending with hands like 6-5 offsuit, 6-4 offsuit and various suited combos that have a better chance to make better than one pair and can realize their equity better. This is a very important concept that is misunderstood by players. Most players defend wider when more players are in the pot due to pot odds, where they should really be defending tighter or at least be more selective in the types of hands they defend.

In conclusion, be very careful defending multiway with weak holdings that can only make weak paired hands. You want to defend multiway with hands that have better chances of making a hand greater than one pair. These hands will have higher EV in a multiway pot.

Best of luck at the table

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This week, a sportswriter for the Wall Street Journal and the author of Swing KingsJared Diamond joins Abby in the classroom to help with explaining what is going on with the Major League Baseball lockout.

Jared explains the basics of the MLB lockout and what each side wants, and also discusses how long it could take for an agreement to be reached.

Keep up with Abby after class on Twitter: @AbbyHornacek


The Little Corroboree Frog

FISH - Foundation for Indigenous Sustainable Health

The Little Corroborree Frog is a wonderful children’s story that gently introduces the serious plight of one of Australia’s most endangered species. Jet the corroboree frog is happily taking care of the tadpole ponds when the water starts to dry up and his family’s eggs are threatened. He goes to visit Grandmother Frog to find out why and she tells him all about the summers that are getting hotter every year and the careless humans who are leaving their rubbish around.

When a boy and his father arrive to go fishing in the nearby river, Jet seizes the opportunity to show them how humans are threatening the very existence of his species.


India, Seychelles Sign Revised Pact on Assumption island to Allay Local Fears

The revised agreement addresses lingering concerns in the Seychelles on matters related to ownership and sovereignty.

New Delhi: In his last foreign assignment as foreign secretary, S. Jaishankar signed a revised agreement for development of Seychelles’Assumption island to alleviate political concerns within the Indian Ocean nation over ownership and use of the facility that India will develop.

The ‘Agreement between India and Seychelles for the Development, Management, Operation and Maintenance of Facilities on Assumption island’ was signed in Victoria on Saturday with Jaishankar representing the Indian side and Barry Faure, Seychelles secretary of state, the hosts. The Indian foreign secretary demits office on January 28 and will be succeeded by Vijay Gokhale.

The revised agreement, according to sources, provides a bit more clarity on the language so as to address domestic political sensitivities by addressing any lingering concerns on matters related to ownership and sovereignty.

The agreement will be valid for 20 years, after which it can be renewed for periods of 10 years at a time. The notice period for terminating the agreement is one year.

The infrastructure that India has to build includes renovating the airstrip, upgrading the jetty and constructing quarters for the Seychelles Coast Guard. This will allow the island to be used by the Seychelles Coast Guard as a forward base to patrol a section of its EEZ which is lightly watched right now and plagued by illegal fishing and drug running.

The agreement clause allows for other countries to use the facilities “subject to concurrence of both parties”.

To make the agreement more acceptable domestically, there is also a clause to make it clear that India can’t use the facilities on Assumption island during a war. According to sources, there is no linkage of “suspension” with war. Suspension, which is the last stage in the termination clause, is mentioned in a different context, sources added.

During his meeting with Jaishankar, Seychelles president Danny Faure described the project as one of “utmost importance” to his country. The Assumption island project “attests to the kinship and affinity that exists between our two countries”, he added.

Seychelles in the Indian Ocean. Credit: Google Maps

In a statement read out just before signing the revised agreement, Jaishankar said, “In recognition of our strategic convergence in the Indian Ocean region, the agreement that we sign today is an incremental step forward in further deepening our cooperation in the spirit of our unique bilateral ties”.

He noted that India and Seychelles have built “an elaborate architecture of defence and cooperation”, especially since  the1.3 million square kilometres of EEZ makes the Indian Ocean island chain “particularly vulnerable”. “As two maritime neighbours, we have a stake in each other’s security and safety,” he added.

India has also set up a coastal radar surveillance radar system in Seychelles in 2016. New Delhi has donated three patrol ships and a Dornier aircraft to the Seychelles defence forces.

During Prime Minster Narendra Modi’s March 2015 visit to Seychelles, the two countries had first signed an agreement for development of facilities at Assumption island. This was supposed to be part of India’s consolidation efforts in the Indian Ocean region in the face of China’s intense campaign to woo smaller island states and rising naval presence. During the same tour, Modi had signed a similar agreement with Mauritius for Agalega island.

However, the Seychelles agreement was never implemented, as it wasn’t tabled in the National Assembly for ratification despite the pact being signed during the term of President James Michel when the ruling party had the majority in the parliament.

With the agreement not made public, there had been some apprehension among Seychellois civil society and the opposition about the provisions of the agreement. After Indian media reports, the Seychelles army chief had to even clarify that there was “no lease agreement”.

In an interview with The Wire, the Seychelles leader of opposition, Wavel Ramkalawan, who actually leads the majority in the parliament, said, “…when the MoU was signed, but no details were given. This is what made a lot of us suspicious. What is it about? What is not being told to us? There were all these questions”.

In the 2016 parliamentary elections, the ruling party lost its majority in the National Assembly, which went to the opposition coalition, Linyon Demokratik Seselwa (LDS). James Michel resigned and handed over power to his vice-president, Danny Faure in October 2016.

Faure did share the text of agreement with the leader of the opposition, but he also initiated plans to revise the language of some of the clauses. There was a proposal to table the agreement in December in the parliament, but it didn’t take place.

The opposition leader, Ramkalawan, had pointed fingers at the government for being “very slow” in taking forward the agreement. The opposition coalition, which controls the parliament, had already expressed support for the original agreement, after Faure provided them a copy. Therefore, when the revised pact is tabled in the parliament – most likely in February’s last week, it is expected to be smooth sailing.


Stock Market

Delta Variant Uncertainty Makes Peloton Too Opaque

Is Peloton (NASDAQ:PTON) a fad pushed artificially higher by the pandemic, or a trend that’s just taking off? That’s the question investors have been asking about PTON stock for quite some time. The company, which operates a fitness platform for live and on-demand indoor cycling classes, received an obvious boost as the pandemic shuttered gyms.

Peloton (PTON stock) sign on city storefront

Source: JHVEPhoto /

But it’s probably unfair to attribute the company’s early massive success to that factor alone. Pundits have long expected Peloton to slide on vaccine distribution and the reopening of businesses, and that is largely what has occurred.

PTON stock reached highs in the $160s in early 2021 following a massive run up. But share prices have slid since, and the stock now sits around $110.

That volatility makes it too difficult to act on Peloton in either direction right now.

The Delta Variant and PTON Stock

The delta variant is a current catalyst for Peloton, and it adds a confusing element to its narrative. It’s making the big picture unclear at best right now, and that’s why I would recommend holding PTON stock if you own it, but not buying shares if you don’t.

According to Yale Medicine, the delta variant is now the predominant strain of Covid-19 in the U.S. The highly contagious strain is fueling worries that further lockdowns could occur.

In such a scenario, the expected narrative for Peloton would be an increase in demand. And even if further lockdowns don’t occur, the threat of the variant alone could spike demand for its products and services.

Current holders of PTON shares are aware of those dynamics and what they mean for share prices. That should make them hesitant to sell.

But the other side of that coin is equally persuasive. Essentially, there is little to no indication how the delta variant will affect the economy in the latest wave of Covid-19 cases. As a result, it’s very difficult to recommend that anyone establish a position in Peloton right now.

Peloton Is a Great Workout, But…

It’s hard to argue that running, spinning and the other exercise options Peloton offers aren’t good exercise. I’m sure that even the most hardcore gym rat would struggle to complete many of them.

But at the same time, the truth is that some users who switched to Peloton in response to Covid-19 restrictions will leave once gyms open. Simply put, the company isn’t going to replace traditional weight workouts. Some of its current subscribers are itching to return to the gym.

Even the most growth-oriented investors are quick to note this truth. My colleague Luke Lango asks and answers this question about Peloton:

Does working out at home work for everyone?

Certainly not. Some people need access to equipment they can’t feasibly purchase and store in their own home. Some people have different fitness goals than can be achieved using Peloton’s equipment and app.”

He, however, is more certain than I am that Peloton has potential beyond its pandemic gains. He’s certainly not wrong to note the company’s impressive growth thus far.

Peloton’s Growth Continues to Confound Investors

Peloton’s growth trajectory has been nothing short of phenomenal. Connected fitness subscription growth has been impressive. In the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2020, Peloton counted nearly 1.1 million subscribers. That figure doubled in its most recent quarter. Revenue also doubled, hitting $1.262 billion in the same time frame.

It’s easy to cherry pick any number of other statistics related to the company’s growth. Do so, and it’ll likely lead to the conclusion that PTON is a buy. But come to that conclusion at your own risk because again, uncertainty is very high right now.

As an investment, Peloton comes down to a matter of taste. For the raw growth investor, it’s probably too tempting to avoid PTON stock right now. Wall Street is on its side, which helps. But for the risk-averse, there are simply too many pitfalls to avoid right now.

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A 3D model of the Historic England Cambridge office used to model summertime comfort.
3D geometry generated for Historic England Cambridge Office in IES-VE, used to model summer temperatures. © Historic England.

Overheating and Historic Buildings

Maintaining summertime comfort is an ever-increasing challenge under climate change pressures.

This article explores how occupant comfort in historic buildings is being challenged under the influence of global warming trends, using Historic England offices as a living laboratory to model, predict and measure overheating.

What is 'comfort'?

Overheating can be loosely defined as occurring when internal temperatures increase to a point where occupants may experience discomfort. Whilst thermal comfort is inherently subjective and circumstantial, well-researched temperature metrics can be used to predict what comfort means for most people.

The factors driving heat-related discomfort can be both internal and external to a building. This can be broken down into internal heat gains from lighting, equipment or people and external heat gains driven by weather conditions. While it is relatively straightforward to influence our internal heat gains, environmental pressures posed through warmer weather are much more difficult to manage and contend with.

Given the United Kingdom’s long-term seasonal trends towards hotter  summers, overheating is becoming more of a concern, presenting challenges to how we maintain a healthy and comfortable internal environment all year round.

Despite all the measures being taken to control global warming, future weather predictions indicate hotter temperatures and highlights that overheating will be a growing issue. The research outlined here tries to quantify the extent of the problem and examines what can be done to make historic buildings more resilient to warmer weather whilst upholding our collective responsibility towards environmental sustainability. The aim of the research is to better understand how passive measures for summertime occupant comfort can be used to avoid the use of air conditioning and the generation of emissions, which would further accelerate climate change.

Identifying overheating risk

The Chartered Institute of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE) provide a structured methodology for assessing and reporting overheating risk in new and refurbished non-domestic buildings. CIBSE's Technical Memoranda (TM) 52 aims to quantify overheating risk through measures that are based on the relationship between the external and internal air temperature as a proxy for occupant comfort inside a building.

The CIBSE methodology is useful for understanding if and how overheating can occur within buildings and is broken up into three different criteria:
Criterion 1: the number of hours that the temperature difference between inside and outside is greater than 1 degree. When this happens, the day is classified as ‘warm’. For a building to be defined as not subject to overheating, warm conditions must not exceed 3% of the total hours.
Criterion 2: takes a weighted average of the temperature difference between inside and outside over the course of a day. This criterion quantifies the severity of a warm day and for a building to pass the value must not exceed 6 in a single day. This is calculated as a weighted average of the temperature difference and the duration over which it occurs and it is a unitless value.
Criterion 3: the temperature inside cannot be more than 4 degrees warmer than the external temperature at any point, placing an upper limit on internal temperatures.

As occupant comfort is tied to duration as well as temperature, each of the criteria focuses on a different aspect of overheating, which includes the duration and severity of heat build-up within a space in relation to the external temperature. A space is considered to pass if it complies with either criterion 1 & 2 or criteria 1 & 3. Applying this categorisation, it is possible to assess the risk of overheating across different rooms in a building through modelling the internal and outside air temperature and testing against each of the above criteria.

Modelling Historic England offices

Using dynamic thermal modelling software (IES-VE), virtual thermal models were generated for Historic England offices in Swindon, Cambridge and York. For each location, simulations were run with current (2020) and future weather data for 2050 and 2080 to understand present and future performance. These models can simulate internal conditions under the influence of different weather data and therefore are able to predict how susceptible the buildings will be to overheating according to the TM52 criteria.

Questions that dynamic thermal modelling can answer:

  • Does the building comply with TM 52?
  • How do the internal conditions vary over a year?
  • How does the building react under future weather scenarios?

Results vary across the different offices and are indicative of the mechanisms that are driving overheating within them, which depend on each building’s unique form and fabric. All the offices assessed currently exhibit overheating risk and the severity of this is exacerbated under the influence of future weather files.

As expected, the modelling indicates that overheating is a growing issue for historic buildings.
Making modifications to the baseline models for each office enabled testing different measures to assess how overheating could be feasibly reduced using passive measures. The baseline models were re-run under the following modifications and in the context of the future weather data for 2050:

A: Reduced occupancy to 90%
B: Solar control film applied to windows to reduce G-value (a measure of how much solar heat -infrared radiation- is allowed in through a particular part of a building) and solar gain admittance into the building
C: Night-time ventilation of 5 air changes per hour between midnight and 7am
D: Improved building airtightness from 0.7 to 0.55 air changes per hour of external infiltration.

Despite the introduction of passive measures, each office building still presents overheating risk to varying degrees, with the effectiveness of each measure varying across the modelled buildings.

Reduced occupancy reduces overheating, as expected due to a reduction in internal gains. This can be intuitively validated but it may not necessarily be considered a viable measure in the long-term for practical working spaces. Meanwhile, solar control and night-time ventilation both reduced the overheating risk, but the magnitude of this impact varies across the different offices by virtue of their unique form, fabric build-ups and climates. Solar control film is observed as being most effective in offices that suffer from high solar gains in which orientation and window geometry are important influencing factors. Conversely, night-time ventilation appears to be most effective in offices with inadequate natural ventilation as this leads to the entrapment and build-up of warm air.

Interestingly, improving the airtightness of a building leads to greater overheating risk, suggesting that infiltration of external air is advantageous for summertime occupant comfort, when assessed against the TM 52 criteria. There is, therefore, a conflict between measures to promote winter and summer occupant comfort.

Greater airtightness increases overheating risk but is at odds with imperative towards insulating and sealing buildings for improved winter thermal performance. The focus on improving thermal fabric without considering overheating risk may be driving maladaptation against well-understood climate trends.

Improving air permeability increases overheating risk but is at odds with the imperative towards greater airtightness for improved winter thermal performance.

Understanding how temperatures vary in different rooms can inform a deeper understanding of overheating patterns. A snapshot of internal temperatures in the Cambridge office highlights areas that may require urgent attention.

Taking a more detailed look at results indicates that overheating is not a homogenous phenomenon and varies across different spaces within the building thermally and temporally. This is an important observation as it may enable the introduction of specific targeted overheating mitigation measures.

Monitoring Historic England offices

To validate the findings from the modelling, ongoing monitoring is being done across the simulated offices. This will enable the establishment of a real-world baseline, which can be compared to the relative improvement predicted bymodelling different scenarios.

Key research outcomes

The initial modelling of Historic England offices highlight that overheating can be a risk in historic buildings, leading to occupant discomfort and health and safety implications. Intuitively, and through modelling future weather files, this will become more severe in the future, impacting climate change resilience of historic buildings.

A key observation from this assessment was that each building’s overheating profile is unique and influenced by a range of factors. Therefore, it is important to propose mitigation measures that are most effective towards addressing building-specific overheating drivers. As evidenced by the Historic England offices, the effectiveness of such measures varied across the different buildings. Furthermore, the extent to which passive measures can mitigate this is limited when applied in isolation. However, modelling these individually enables comparative assessment of their effectiveness as independent variables, which is beneficial for decision-making at a building management level.

The of dynamic thermal modelling tools can provide crucial insight into how different spaces within the building perform, which can inform a more targeted application of building interventions. Since overheating may be a zonal problem, this approach may minimise disruption to the existing building by supporting incremental improvements.

Dynamic thermal modelling presents advantages in predictive and remedial scenarios for overheating, under present-day and future weather conditions. It also offers detail that can inform means of comfort control on at a more zonal level within a building.

Climate trends are well understood, but there remains a conundrum to be resolved when adapting historic buildings to meet seasonal needs for both summer and winter comfort.

About the author

Amad Kayani

Building Services Engineer, Historic England

Amad is a Building Services Engineer working within the National Specialist Services Department where he applies environmental modelling tools alongside specialist knowledge of sustainable energy to support low carbon building services design. He is currently leading internal research on overheating and EPC certifications for historic buildings. Externally, he is working in collaboration with the University of Edinburgh where he is supervising MSc research on retrofit decision-making.

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"Horizon: Forbidden West" (PS4, PS5)

Aloy makes her triumphant return in 2022 to face more animalistic terminators and enemy tribes in the "Horizon: Zero Dawn" sequel. "Horizon: Forbidden West" brings everything great about the first title to bear and builds upon it with improvements to the open-world design, side quests, mechanics, and storytelling. The only real shortcoming is that it’s a sequel that continues the already vast story of its predecessor, meaning newcomers will feel a little lost.


Cancer and Virgo: Friendship, Sex, and Love Compatibility

What would a relationship between Cancer and Virgo be like? Is this a perfect love match or a good friendship, or something that should be avoided at all costs? Let’s dive into what would happen if you put together the analytical and the emotional.

Cancer and Virgo Compatibility

The Cancer Zodiac

Every zodiac sign has a planetary ruler, and Cancer is ruled by the moon. In astrology, the moon represents emotions, feelings, and instincts. This zodiac sign is often looked at as “crabby” because of their mood swings. Cancer is symbolized by a crab and “69.” This could either be depicted as crab claws or a woman’s breast, because Cancer is the sign of womanhood. Cancers are the caretakers of the zodiac, with their nurturing, sympathetic, compassionate nature.

With their water element, Cancers are more submerged in their feelings than anyone else. They will go through waves of emotion, being caring and sympathetic at one point and manipulative and moody the next. They are also fantastic at absorbing others’ feelings, like a sponge, and making them their own. Cancer is a cardinal sign, which means they are leaders…who lead with their emotions. They listen to their heart over their head and don’t always behave rationally.

Personality traits of a Cancer:

Cancers are highly intuitive, picking up on the energy in the room and the change in someone’s tone of voice. They��re empathetic, protective, and nurturing, which makes them wonderful friends! They will give advice, hugs, and encouragement to help people out of their darkest moments.

For the person who is always googling astrological compatibility when they meet someone new.
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 Cancers aren’t a fan of direct conflict and confrontation, but they are masters of passive-aggressive behavior. They aren’t going to come right out and say what’s been bothering them, but you can definitely tell when they’re in a sour mood. They have frequent mood swings and tend to burrow in their manipulative, pessimistic nature at times.

A Cancer man is creative, sensitive, and compassionate. He wants to feel needed. He wants to share his life with someone special, and when he falls in love, he falls in love. Before a relationship, he will put up walls, but once he’s in it, he lets himself open up so much that his insecurities can pour out. A Cancer woman will want to make the first move, just because she is very romantic and ready to love. She also desires constant attention and validation, especially from a partner. She isn’t the type to play the field and wants someone to match her level of loyalty. She will always channel her motherly instincts, wanting to create a stable, loving home.

Cancer: Moon, Rising, and Venus Signs

In astrology, every person has a sign in the moon, rising, and Venus placements of their zodiac chart. Your moon represents your inner self, your rising is how people see you when they first meet you, and Venus represents love and beauty.

If your moon sign is in Cancer, you will find that you are a highly sensitive being who cries a lot. You tend to have a hard time moving on from bad things of the past — you forgive but you never forget. You are loyal and nurturing and like to keep people close.

If your Venus sign is in Cancer, you are cautious in love, but once you open up, you’re invested. You tend to feel a lot of emotions, so if you love someone, you really love someone. Although you are known as moody, most of the time you tend to turn your emotions inward because you don’t want to bother anyone.

If your rising sign is in Cancer, you appear as someone who is empathetic and who puts others first. However, more than that, you are quite protective of your home. You want a place that belongs entirely to you and you will do whatever is possible in order to have that security and consistency.

brown and gray crab on white sand

The Virgo Zodiac

Virgo is ruled by Mercury, the planet of wisdom and communication. Virgos are efficient, reliable, good at communicating, and good at getting the job done. Although they can always see the potential in others, they can also be overcritical. They are picky, stubborn, and set in their ways.

Virgo is symbolized by a virgin, or a woman, which represents fertility, harvest, and wisdom. The symbol looks like an “M” with a slight curve, which can symbolize the intestines. As the virgin symbol suggests, Virgos rarely engage in casual relationships. They are modest and want to develop a strong emotional connection and intimacy with a loyal partner.

This is a mutable sign, which means Virgos can go all over the place and tailor themselves to different situations in life with ease, as long as they can analyze the situation first. As an earth sign, Virgo is practical, grounded, and dependable. They will keep their guards high and have a hard time opening up at first, but once someone breaks through their walls, they are going to be a ride-or-die friend.

Personality Traits of a Virgo

Virgos are known to be perfectionists. They set high standards for themselves and for others, so they tend to be very critical. They will judge others but will hate being judged. They can be flexible if they need to be, but don’t necessarily like to be. They try their hardest to look like they have their lives together and won’t necessarily like to sit back and relax and enjoy the show — they’d want to take over. They want to be someone their peers admire, not someone who is pitied.

A Virgo man is the type to settle down quickly, especially if his partner is loyal, willing to settle down, and is as organized as long as his partner is as organized and efficient as he is. He needs someone who will delve into in-depth conversations with him, who will bring new ideas to the table, and who will challenge him intellectually. A Virgo woman is intelligent, capable, and practical in love. You need to develop a deep, emotional connection with her before she will consider making you a permanent part of her life. She might seem like she gets upset over small things, but this is because she notices the little details. Don’t lie! Communication is key.

Virgo: Moon, Rising, and Venus Signs

If your moon is in Virgo, you’re passionate about people and things but will want to analyze it all to make sure it’s worth being invested in. You’ll break things down until you get to the good, useful stuff. You’re a loyal friend and a great team member who strives for balance, stability, and routine.

If your Venus is in Virgo, you are very nurturing and devoted in love. However, you’re not the best at showing you care–you’re not big on grand, romantic gestures. Instead, you’ll show your commitment and loyalty. If you nag your partner about something, that’s your way of caring about others and wanting the best for them.

If your rising is in Virgo, you come across to people as an organized perfectionist. You’re hyper aware of your surroundings and the moves you make. If you feel uncomfortable in a situation, your body will react accordingly–nerves, stomach ache (which makes sense because the Virgo symbol represents the intestines!)

crescent moon

Virgo and Cancer: Friendship Compatibility

Both Virgo and Cancer are earnest and dedicated to their friendship. It’s a simple, yet, powerful bond between these two that grows together over time. Cancer and Virgo love security, comfort, and pleasure, so you’ll find them enjoying themselves the most when they’re doing something that benefits both of them.

Both Cancer and Virgo enjoy the luxuries and pleasures of life and will find it easy to work together to attain their common objectives. Cancer’s sensitive nature doesn’t do well with Virgo’s criticism. They will have to communicate through these issues, but this will be quite tricky because Cancer’s don’t like confrontation.

Cancer and Virgo Compatibility: Love and Sex

Cancer and Virgo have a great connection between the heart and the mind. Both Cancer and Virgo love to learn from one another and their differences, just as much as they are open to letting the other in to see their true selves.

This is the kind of couple that might struggle to communicate from time to time, although one will be better at it than the other. Cancer will likely have a hard time confronting Virgo if the time comes, whereas communicating is a piece of cake for Virgo. Virgo will be rational and analytical but still nurturing, while Cancer will be emotional, loving, and will have unrealistic expectations.

Zodiac Compatibility With Cancer or Virgo

Zodiac Compatibility: Cancer

If you’re a Cancer, you will be quite compatible with fellow water signs, or other earth signs, like Taurus. Taurus and Cancer have so much in common, both valuing home and family life, affection, and being nurtured. The only major “flaw” in the relationship is that both signs can get jealous and possessive easily. As for fellow water signs–Scorpio and Pisces–you’re both highly intuitive, empathetic, and loyal. You’re highly emotional and intense beings, so when it comes to sex, it works for you. You both know how to communicate without words, too.

If you’re a Cancer, you will not get along well with fire signs, especially Aries and Sagittarius. Aries and Cancer are just so different it’s painful to watch. Aries is unpredictable and exciting, but Cancers are unpredictably moody — the only way this could work out is if there’s empathy (ahem, Aries) and patience (ahem Cancer). Cancer also fears being abandoned while Aries just simply can’t be tied down As for Sagittarius, it will be quite challenging for these two to get along. Sagittarius is blunt and direct and Cancer is sensitive and emotional. Cancers don’t take love lightly, while Sagittarius has no problem jumping from one person to another. Don’t count on a strong emotional connection between these signs.

Zodiac Compatibility: Virgo

If you’re a Virgo, match with another earth sign, or water signs like Scorpio and Pisces. Pisces and Virgo will be initially drawn to one another, like yin and yang, with fantasy (Pisces) and practicality (Virgo). You two might struggle with communication at times, however, sex is so strong that it makes up for it. Overall, you can learn a lot from one another. As for Scorpio, you’ll admire their confidence and strength, which sits well with your reserved nature. You both value solitude and control and will find it easy to get along financially and in the bedroom.

If you’re a Virgo, you’ll notice that air signs — like Libra and Gemini — are not very good. Libra and Virgo aren’t the best pair simply because they both avoid confrontation…even though they’re both good at communication. If there’s any flaw in the relationship — Virgo wants perfection and productivity and Libra likes balance and relaxation — no one will address it. Gemini and Virgo are also great communicators, but that’s not enough to make a solid relationship. Gemini and Virgo both live inside their heads and won’t be on the same page when it comes to intimacy. Sex is strictly physical–it’s lacking emotion so much that it feels shallow, or empty.

blue textile in close up photography

Cancer and Virgo: Relationship Compatibility With Cancer or Virgo

Cancer man + Virgo woman

These two zodiac signs are made for each other! He’s adaptable and sympathetic, while she’s reliable and compassionate and with this, there’s a level of understanding. In this kind of Cancer and Virgo relationship, there are shared values. They also get along with his cardinal quality of leading (with emotions) and her mutable quality of adapting to new environments as long as it can be analyzed first. As long as he gets his mood swings under control, and she isn’t too critical of him, this is a prosperous relationship.

Virgo man + Cancer woman

A relationship between this kind of Cancer and Virgo relationship will be a pretty great match. In fact, they will understand what it takes to become a perfect pair, with his stability and security and her sensuality and emotions. He recognizes her needs and can keep her safe, while she can provide respect and understanding for his hopes and dreams and feelings. They can learn and grow from one another and create a long-lasting bond.

Cancer’s compatibility with Cancer:

No matter if it’s a Cancer man and woman, man and man, or woman and woman, a Cancer-Cancer relationship will likely be the kind that is emotional, empathetic, and intuitive. These signs are big family people, and each partner will understand that kind of family bond that can’t be broken. These two are emotionally strong, but not sexually strong. Nonetheless, they trust one another and talk about their feelings, hopes, and dreams often…but they just feed initiative and movement to make those dreams happen.

Virgo’s compatibility with a Virgo:

No matter if it’s a Virgo man and woman, man and man, or woman and woman, a Virgo-Virgo relationship will have a sense of security, trust, and understanding. They’re not super strong in the bedroom, since they’re both so reserved sensually and sexually, but great at communicating and understanding that their criticism and need for perfection is an act of love.

Other Compatibility

More on the Cancer

More on the Virgo

About the author

January Nelson is a writer, editor, and dreamer. She writes about astrology, games, love, relationships, and entertainment. January graduated with an English and Literature degree from Columbia University.


Estate and Transition Planning FAQs

March 5, 2022 | Jennifer Harrington

What is the Basic Exclusion Amount? How much is it currently?

Current federal gift and estate tax law includes a “basic exclusion amount,” which is the combined value of property an individual can give away during lifetime and at death without incurring any tax liability.  In 2021, the basic exclusion amount was $11.7 million per individual.  Because this amount increases each year for inflation, this exclusion amount increased to $12.06 million in 2022. Absent congressional action, the basic exclusion amount will decrease to $5,000,000, plus an applicable inflation adjustment, in 2026.

What is the Annual Exclusion Amount?

Each year an individual can gift the “annual exclusion amount” to another individual or organization without having to file a gift tax return or without have to track the gift for gift and estate tax purposes. In 2021 the amount was $15,000 per person. In 2022, the applicable exclusion increased to $16,000 per person.

What is Portability?

Portability ensures that a married couple can take full advantage of each spouse’s basic exclusion amount, without the requirement of special trusts or other estate planning techniques. Specifically, “portability” allows the estate of a decedent survived by a spouse to elect to transfer the deceased spouse’s unused basic exclusion amount (DSUE) to the surviving spouse. If the estate elects portability, the estate of the surviving spouse (at his or her death) can apply the DSUE of the surviving spouse's last deceased spouse to the surviving spouse’s transfers. An estate elects portability on a Form 706.

What is the Martial Deduction?

This provision allows an individual to transfer an unrestricted amount of assets to a spouse at any time, during their lifetimes or at the death, free from estate or gift tax.

What happens if I die without a will or a trust?

If a person dies intestate (without a will), state law specifies how the property will be distributed among the heirs. The distribution scheme depends on the decedent’s marital status, lineage of any children, and/or whether certain family members are still alive.

What is required for a will to be effective in Iowa?

You must be of full age and sound mind. The will cannot be the result of undue influence by another person. Further, the will must be signed by the person making the will (testator) and witnessed by two disinterested witnesses. Witnesses are disinterested when they don’t receive anything from the will upon the passing of the testator. Each state has its own requirements for a will.

Can I submit a copy of the will to the court for probate purposes?

 No. Only the original will can be submitted to the court. If an original will cannot be located, the law presumes that the decedent intentionally destroyed the will for the purpose of revoking it. This presumption exists even if a copy of the will is located. Although a proponent of a lost will can overcome the presumption through the introduction of clear and convincing evidence, it is a difficult task. Those making a will should be very careful to safeguard the original document and let family members know where they can find it.

A Living Will is a person’s stated wishes for end-of-life medical decisions. A Health Care Power of Attorney provides legal authority for a person or persons designated to make medical decisions for you when you are not able to make the decisions yourself. The Health Care Power of Attorney should be someone willing to make decisions in harmony with your Living Will. Having a Health Care Power of Attorney allows medical personnel to know whom they need to talk to and can help alleviate legal battles regarding who has authority to make medical decisions for you. It will also ensure that only someone you trust is making these decisions.

Is a trust better than a will?

The answer to this question will likely be different from person to person and typically depends on the type and amount of assets the individual holds. Trusts can be administered without probate, which might provide some level of increased privacy (probate documents are public documents). A revocable living trust might also provide for the consistent management of assets in the event of disability and provide an efficient way to manage property in multiple states at death.  There are costs associated with establishing and maintaining a trust and probating an estate. Putting your property in a revocable trust will not change your estate or income tax liability. The determination of whether to have a trust or will is best made after discussing the issue with a trusted attorney.

Some states have an inheritance tax. What is that?

Unlike an estate tax, which is paid by the estate of the person who died, an inheritance tax is paid by the beneficiary who receives the property. In Iowa, for example, there are many exceptions to the inheritance tax depending on the beneficiary's relationship to the person who died. The Iowa inheritance tax usually applies in situations where you have bequeathed to a non-relative individual, nieces/nephews, or brothers/sisters. In 2021, Iowa passed a law that will phase-out the inheritance tax over a four-year period. For more information on the Iowa inheritance tax, read this document.

Do I have to open a probate estate if my spouse or a parent dies?

It depends. Strictly speaking, there is no legal requirement that a probate estate is opened. However, it may be necessary to properly transfer assets. Further, opening a probate and publishing notice of the probate estate limits the amount of time creditors have to file a claim against the estate. You should talk to an attorney once a loved one has passed to see if the decedent’s estate should be probated.

Is there a deadline for when a probate estate can be opened?

Yes. State laws will differ, but in Iowa, you must petition the court to open a probate estate within 5 years after the death of the individual.

My spouse and I co-owned land as joint tenants with right of survivorship. My spouse has died. What do I need to do to show that I am the only owner of the land?

File an Affidavit of Surviving Spouse with the County Recorder. An attorney can help you out for a minimal fee to ensure that the affidavit is prepared correctly. After the Affidavit is recorded you do not need to get your abstract updated, but you may choose to do so.

I am the beneficiary of a life insurance policy. What do I need to do to receive the life insurance payout?

Contact the life insurance company that wrote the policy and ask what documentation they need to issue the death benefit. They will likely need an original Death Certificate to proceed with the payout.

Where does the Death Certificate come from?

In Iowa, the Iowa Vital Records (an agency within the Department of Health) issues Death Certificates. Every state will have a similar agency. Often, the funeral home that is handling the body after death will help you obtain the death certificate. In general, you will want to have more than one original Death Certificate.

My parent died in a nursing home on Medicaid, and we’ve informed DHS of their death. Now what?

You will receive a form from DHS which states the amount they paid on behalf of your parent. The form will also ask you to list the assets that your parent owned at the time of their death, include those that were exempt for qualification purposes (usually, a homestead and burial contract). In general, you must pay the bill to DHS before paying anything to a beneficiary/heir. If there is a question about the form, please see an attorney or contact the Legal Hotline for Older Iowans at (800) 992-8161.

The Center for Agricultural Law and Taxation is a partner of the National Agricultural Law Center (NALC) at the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, which serves as the nation’s leading source of agricultural and food law research and information. This material is provided as part of that partnership and is based upon work supported by the National Agricultural Library, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture.