Performance Woes & Wows #5: IN vs UNION

Querying the Same Thing. Faster.

In a previous post, we’ve seen that equivalent queries can produce distinct execution plans – Yes, how nice and intuitive of you SQL Server. But this happens for a logical reason: The Query Optimizer hates you doesn’t have the means to explore every possible semantic equivalence. Hence, the shape of the execution plan will be intrisically bounded to the way we write our queries.

In this post, we’ll extend this notion to a more real-world like example, which I found very interesting because it seemed kind of counterintuitive to me.

Let’s assume we want to count every Question, Wiki and TagWikiExerpt post, in the Posts table of the StackOverflow2010 database. In order to achieve that we can create the following index:

CREATE INDEX IX_PostTypeId ON Posts (PostTypeId)

And then execute this query:

FROM Posts
WHERE PostTypeId IN (1,3,4)

We can confirm that the execution plan is comprised by a scan to the previously created index and has an estimated cost of 3.27277. The IO statistics show 1915 logical reads and regarding CPU time and duration, 129ms and 123ms, respectively. These time statistics remained very identical on all the performed executions.

the Same Thing.

Now let’s do the same thing, expecting different results. Well, almost the same thing. Let’s just change the previous query a little bit, by replacing the IN operator for this logical equivalent, but uglier and more complex version:

	SELECT COUNT(1) c FROM Posts WHERE PostTypeId = 1
	SELECT COUNT(1) c FROM Posts WHERE PostTypeId = 3
	SELECT COUNT(1) c FROM Posts WHERE PostTypeId = 4
) x

These changes are reflected in the execution plan, as expected:

I’m so ugly // But that’s okay, ‘cause so are you

The really interesting part about this plan is… That it’s better than the first one. Don’t believe me? Check for yourself:

This query only consumed 47ms of CPU time (-63.6%) and ran for a total of 76ms (-38.2%). The difference was not quite significant regarding logical reads, nevertheless a lower value was achieved with 1912. Accordingly, the estimated plan cost was also lower, 2.68443. Sure, some assumptions behind the cost calculation may be outdated and not entirely accurate, but this time, the prediction was entirely correct.

So What?

Rewriting queries using equivalent syntax seems like a valid approach when trying to improve query performance. Nevertheless, I don’t know any set of rules or even guidelines that may help in this decision process. It’s more like an empiric procedure, one day on the threshold of despair you try a thing that unexpectedly works and later in the future when a similar pattern emerges, you’ll know that the time has come. Why it works? Because of reasons. But if it works, it ain’t stupid. Best advice of the year.

Not All Seeks Are Created Equal #2

As we saw in the previous post, Index Seek operations can look for single rows (Singleton Seek) or specific subsets of rows (Range Seek).

Singleton Seek

A Singleton Seek occurs when just one single row, at most, will satisfy the search requirements that are related to the Seek Key.

The IO statistics for the same execution presented above, will show a scan count of zero, also confirming the Singleton Seek occurrence.

The following image depicts a similar seek operation, as exemplified by the red arrows:

In this case, the B-tree is traversed from the root to the leaf node and the specific data page is fetched.

Range Seek

Conversely, a Range Seek will occur when SQL Server assumes that more than one row can be retrieved by the Seek Key.

The following image depicts an equivalent seek operation, as exemplified by the red arrows:

Similarly to a Singleton Seek, the B-tree is also traversed to a specific leaf node, but in this case, this leaf node will be either the first or the last key within range (depending on the scan direction) and then the remaining leaf nodes within range limit will be scanned.

And that’s all he wrote.

Not All Seeks Are Created Equal #1

Seeks seeks seeks… The number of the beast. Seeks are cool though. I like seeks. Sometimes, at least. Perhaps some seeks are cooler than others. I just said seeks six times, now we’re ready to go.

Let’s begin by creating a temporary table that holds values from 1 to 10 000.

WITH n(n) AS

Now, let’s assume that we need to retrieve a specific range of values – e.g. between 500 and 563. There are a couple of ways to do that, that’s not exactly rocket science, but let’s consider the following two approaches:

Using the BETWEEN operator:

	Id BETWEEN 500 AND 563

Using the IN operator:

	Id in

Uh, truly fascinating.

But, behind these boring and functional equivalent queries, there is a dirty seekret – Wow, I’m on fire today. Both result in a Clustered Index Seek, but one is sus. Discuss!

That’s quite a difference. The second query results in 64 times more logical reads. But why?

One Seek To Rule Them All

In the execution plan of the query that uses the BETWEEN operator, it’s possible to notice that there’s only one seek operation, which range starts at 500 and then traverses the leaf level of the index, until it finds a row beyond the range limit – 563 in this case.

The Meeseeks Box

The seek #2, in the execution plan of the query that uses the IN operator is rather different:

The list continues down to a total of 64 individual seeks.

The underlying reason for the 128 logical reads is related to the size of our table and consequently, the size of the index. Since it is large enough to need a separate root page, each one of the 64 seeks will imply 2 logical reads.

But I digress, the bottom line here is that Seek #2 is the impostor. It is not actually a seek, but a whole bunch of them.


different forms of marriage

Disccusion  question for this week in Anthropolgy.

Scenario: Marriage

Two friends, taylor and alex are enjoying dessert after a show at the local arts threater. Taylor draws your attention to a verey cozy couple at a table in the corner. ” I wonder what show they wactched,” Taylor sasys with a smirk. You gasp and report that you know the woman she is your neighbor, but the man is not her husband. ” Maybe they’re in an open relationship,” Taylor remarks nonchalantly.

-Explain how marraige is an expression of cultural norms and values.

-Describe at least two different forms of marriage.

-Apply the principles of cultural relativisim.

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Quick Answer: Why Do Babies Cry When You Pick Them Up From Daycare?

Why do babies cry when they see their parents?

The reality is, those tears are a testament to the fact that you’re one terrific mama.

Here’s how it works: A baby who cries upon seeing Mommy (or Daddy) after a long separation is expressing his secure attachment to his parent..

What age do babies get attached to mom?

The early signs that a secure attachment is forming are some of a parent’s greatest rewards: By 4 weeks, your baby will respond to your smile, perhaps with a facial expression or a movement. By 3 months, they will smile back at you. By 4 to 6 months, they will turn to you and expect you to respond when upset.

Should you pick up your baby when they cry?

It’s absolutely fine to pick up your newborn baby when they cry. It helps your baby feel safe and know that you’re nearby. You can’t spoil a newborn. If your newborn is crying, it’s because they need you to comfort them.

How do you break a baby from being held while sleeping?

Try swaddling him, to mimic the feeling of being held, and then putting him down. Stay with him and rock him, sing, or stroke his face or hand until he settles down.

Do babies miss their mom?

About Separation Anxiety Between 4-7 months of age, babies develop a sense of “object permanence.” They’re realizing that things and people exist even when they’re out of sight. Babies learn that when they can’t see mom or dad, that means they’ve gone away.

Why do babies cry when you pick them up?

The researchers, from the RIKEN Brain Science Institute, say that picking up and carrying might be an evolutionarily, and essential, component of mother-baby interaction. … Both human and mouse babies calm down and stop moving immediately after they are carried, and mouse pups stop emitting ultrasonic cries.

How long should I let my baby cry before picking him up?

Likely the best known CIO method, Richard Ferber, MD, uses the graduated extinction model starting when baby is 6 months old. “Graduated” basically means that parents are encouraged to put baby to bed when they’re drowsy but still awake. Then, you’re to let your baby cry for 5 minutes before responding the first time.

How do I teach my baby to self soothe?

Master the timing. … Create a bedtime routine. … Offer a security object (if your child is old enough) … Create a calm, dark, cool environment to sleep in. … Establish regular sleeping times. … Consider moving away from feeding your baby to sleep. … Ensure all needs are met before your baby gets too tired.More items…

At what age should I start sleep training my baby?

Experts recommend beginning sleep training when babies are 4 to 6 months old. This age range is the sweet spot, since babies are old enough to physically make it for six to eight hours overnight without needing to eat but aren’t quite at the point where the comforting you provide has become a sleep association.

How long can you let a baby cry for?

Most pediatricians recommend 4 to 6 months of age. Allowing a baby to cry for more than an hour or two at night isn’t harmful, sleep experts say, though most babies won’t cry that long. If parents don’t intervene when an infant cries at night, sleep training can be accomplished in as little as three days.

Can a baby forget his mother?

A. No, it’s a normal concern, but don’t worry. Your baby’s not going to forget you. You should realize, though, that she will—and should—bond with other people.

Is it OK to let newborn cry itself to sleep?

Most experts and research agree that letting a baby or toddler cry as they go to sleep will not have any long-term damaging effects. A child who is well-loved, nurtured, and responded to during the day will not be hurt by fussing a bit before bed in the evening.

How do I teach my baby to self settle?

Putting your baby to bed drowsy but awakeGive your baby some time to settle. Avoid picking up your baby up as soon as they grizzle. … As your baby gets older, give baby some time to settle if they grizzle when they wake during the night – baby might re-settle without your help. … Try the patting settling technique.

How do I teach my baby to fall asleep on his own?

How do I teach my baby to soothe herself to sleep?Put your baby to bed drowsy but awake. Putting her to bed while she’s still awake helps her practice falling asleep without you.Break the habit of feeding her to sleep. If your baby is used to falling asleep while breastfeeding or taking a bottle, she’s not learning to fall asleep by herself. … Do some troubleshooting.


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What makes a credible paper

Use databases that aren't influenced by your previous web searches, for example: In principal, a measurement procedure that is stable or constant should produce the same or nearly the same results if the same individuals and conditions are used.

In academia, peer review is used to inform in decisions related to faculty advancement and tenure. Through audience analysis, you discover that nobody in the company wears a suit to work. Government peer review policies The European Union has been using peer review in the "Open Method of Co-ordination" of policies in the fields of active labour market policy since Does the source have a date.

As such, we can say that the measurement procedure is reliable. Primary sources must be factual not interpretive. Health care providers trust and use research published in credible, peer-reviewed scientific journals. Conclusion What makes a credible paper essay on education nursing english in my life essay guru as english literature poetry essay gcse, essay about accommodation yoga day write essay on my life elementary.

This error component within a measurement procedure will vary from one measurement to the next, increasing and decreasing the score for the variable. And he has quite the story about how he got there Calling for change after the Parkland shooting March 18, A group of survivors of the shooting at Stoneman Douglas High School who refer to themselves as the "mass-shooting generation" have made it their mission to bring about gun r The funding source is usually included in the journal article.

Speaker B has written two best-selling books in the field, and is a sought after consultant with 15 years of experience. When you see a report on television, in a magazine, or in a brochure, you must consider where this information came from, who provided the information, whether the source is credible, who did the study, and whether it is consistent with other research.

The Terms of Use explains the specific permissions granted. The budget airline flying under the radar April 15, Steve Kroft investigates Allegiant Air, a discount carrier known more for its ultra-low fares than its high record of in-flight breakdowns President Trump: Conversely, if everyone in your audience uses the term P.

If you have any questions about whether a journal is peer-reviewed, ask a librarian or your health care provider. The basic formats are as follows: However, depending where you speak, one of these terms will be more common. Your health cannot be described by a single number.

Q. How do I know if a source is credible?

Peer review requires a community of experts in a given and often narrowly defined field, who are qualified and able to perform reasonably impartial review. The audience sees you as one of them. If it was reproduced, was it done so with permission. If you fail to do so, your audience will judge you as being untrustworthy.

Good design helps make information more easily accessible. You feature several vivid photographs of marathon races to complement your arguments. If you are unsure, ask your health care provider for credible Web sites.

Mingle with the audience and continue to share in the event experience.

Library Guides

What goes on my Works Cited page; how should it look. Personal stories, sometimes called "anecdotal evidence," refer to individual experiences. If so, from where. You were the project manager for implementing the new system Reputation You have implemented similar systems twice before in your career Reputation Note: Each research study contributes to an existing body of knowledge.

How do I cite something inside my paper. Essay is an example of what Philosophy on love essay euthanasia Essay my birthday experience rainy day Essay tutor online volunteer to helen essay atlanta ga bus proposal essay structure.

What makes a source of a research paper credible ?

Remember that a Web site that makes up facts, quotes people who don't exist, and cites imaginary sources could look just as professional and slick as a highly reliable and credible. Can I find credible sources at my university's library?

In general, most of what you find through your university's library, whether it is a book, scholarly journal article, music recording, CD, DVD, e-book, etc.

Evaluating Internet Information

will be a credible source. Part of the fact that they are considered so reliable may be the fact that they have worked hard to keep their editorial style more anonymous than other newspapers, so it seems more like the newspaper itself is speaking, instead of different personalities.

Reliable websites will differ for every topic you want to research. Please contact your Campus Librarian for help researching a specific topic.

Most Reliable News Source? Depends Who You Ask

To find reliable websites: Visit the library's website for articles from reliable sources.; Explore the Research Guides to see recommended websites on each guide.; Use a Google Advanced Search to limit your results to michaelferrisjr.com (non-profit).edu.

Website Evaluation Guide Example of a Website that is credible Author: This author is a journalist and has verifiable credentials Currency: This article provides a publishing date and it is current Citations & Links: News articles don’t usually have or require citations, but a good source.

They use only proven, reliable sources and make sure all papers are informative, interesting and splendid.

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Question: What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of A Convection Oven?

Can you use aluminum foil in a convection oven?

Answer: The oven trays supplied with the Convection Steam Oven can be covered in aluminum foil.

Aluminum foil pans can be placed on the oven trays supplied, provided they do not touch the back wall of the oven.

Cooking with aluminum foil is safe as long as contact with the oven cavity is avoided..

What is the best convection oven to buy?

The Best Convection OvenBreville BOV845BSS Smart Convection Oven. … Cuisinart TOB-260N1 Chef’s Convection Toaster Oven. … Toshiba EC042A5C-BS Microwave Oven With Convection Function. … BLACK+DECKER Countertop Convection Toaster Oven. … Oster Extra Large Digital Countertop Convection Oven. … Cuisinart CMW-200 Convection Microwave Oven.More items…•

What is the time difference between convection oven and regular oven?

Convection ovens cook food faster than conventional ovens. To cook in a convection oven, follow this easy formula: reduce the temperature by 25 degrees or reduce the cooking time by 25%. Some ovens today even offer convection conversion completely eliminating any guesswork!

What are the advantages of a convection oven?

Convection creates a dry atmosphere that caramelizes the sugars faster when roasting, so foods like meats and vegetables get browner, but the interiors stay moist. It saves energy: Because food cooks faster in a convection oven, and generally at a lower temperature, it’s a bit more energy efficient than a regular oven.

Is a convection oven really worth it?

Overall, the benefits outweigh the potential downsides: Food cooks up to 25% faster. Convection will use about 20% less energy than a traditional oven to do the same job, since you can turn down the temperature. Better results when it comes to browning roasts, making pizza, baking pies, and so much more.

What is better convection or conventional oven?

Consider a convection oven. Convection ovens are hotter and cook faster than conventional ovens. They also cook more evenly thanks to some simple additions to the appliance. All of this adds up to yummier baked goods, meats and more.

What foods are best cooked in a convection oven?

These are the types of dishes that will have best results in a convection ovenRoasted meat.Roasted vegetables (including potatoes!)Sheet-pan dinners (try this chicken dinner)Casseroles.Multiple trays of cookies (no more rotating mid-way through the baking cycle)Granola and toasted nuts.

Does convection oven use more electricity?

The heated air is continuously circulated which reduces cook times as well as the temperatures required. On average you’ll use 20% less energy a month running your convection oven, as compared to a standard oven. Self-cleaning ovens are more energy efficient because they have better insulation.

What is the difference between baking and roasting in a convection oven?

In food language, roast and bake really aren’t different. … “Convect bake uses the convection element for heat and the fan to provide air circulation. Convect roast uses the fan, but in addition to the convection element, it will cycle on the bake and broil elements as needed to control the heat.

When should you not use a convection oven?

In American baked goods, convection should never be used unless a recipe specifically calls for it. In a home oven, the hot, dry air accelerates crust formation in cakes, cookies, and biscuits which is generally counterproductive to desired rise.

Can a convection oven be used as a regular oven?

As far as the actual physical oven itself, it may surprise you to learn that a conventional oven and a convection oven are almost the same. As a matter of fact, convection ovens are almost exactly the same as regular ovens, just with an extra feature.

Can you cook pizza in a convection oven?

Preheat the convection oven to the highest setting, typically 450 to 500 degrees Fahrenheit. Ideally, place a pizza stone or baking tray inside while preheating, to crisp the crust from beneath. … Transfer the stone to the bottom rack of the oven, using a wooden pizza paddle if available, and bake for 8 to 10 minutes.

How do I know if my convection oven is working?

If you want to double check it is your convection oven fan that’s not working, turn on your oven and wait for a little while. The convection oven fan will not start up right away and will only start whirling once the oven has reached the desired temperature.

Can I bake a cake in a convection oven?

Convection ovens can make your cakes fluffier and slightly larger, and can bake several cakes at one time. Convection cooking also ensures that your cakes are evenly baked, regardless of their position in the oven. Preheat your convection oven. … Check the cake for doneness about 10 minutes before the recipe suggests.

Can you cook brownies in a convection oven?

Baking brownies in a convection oven is very similar to baking brownies in a standard oven. … Heat the brownies to 300 degrees instead of 325 since the convection process is more energy efficient than the standard method.

What temperature is 350 degrees in a convection oven?

Method 1: Reduce temp by 25 to 30 degrees and bake per conventional recipe timeConventional Oven TempConvection Less 25FConvection Less 30F32530029535032532037535034540037537010 more rows•May 31, 2020

What are the cons of a convection oven?

Cons of Convection Ovens:Some fans can be louder than a traditional oven.They’re more expensive than traditional ovens.The fan can sometimes blow around foil or parchment paper, interfering with your food.Food is more susceptible to burn if the cooking time is not properly adjusted.Baked goods may not rise properly.

Do I need an air fryer if I have a convection oven?

If you already own an oven, especially one with convection, you won’t be blown away by an air fryer’s performance. If you’re a fan of breaded, frozen foods, having an air fryer around saves time and energy compared with a convection oven and cooks them nearly as well.

Do you Preheat a convection oven?

Yes, all convection ovens need to be preheated. In some modes, more than one element is used during preheat, which can cause the food to burn. The oven will indicate when it has finished a preheat cycle. You should always start with a hot oven or a hot pan.

What can you not cook in a convection oven?

5 Tips for Baking with the Convection SettingLower the temperature by 25°F. … Check food frequently toward the end of cooking. … Don’t crowd the oven. … Use low-sided baking sheets and roasting pans. … Don’t use convection for cooking cakes, quick breads, custards, or soufflés.

Are convection ovens dangerous?

A convection oven is merely a conventional oven that moves hot air around with a fan for more efficient cooking, and a well made microwave oven is not dangerous. All it does is heat up your food, and it doesn’t change it in any way that would make it carcinogenic.


Biography of Adolf Hitler

4417 Words18 Pages
Adolf Hitler

Hitler, Adolf (1889-1945), German political and military leader and one of the 20th century's most powerful rulers. Hitler converted Germany into a fully militarized society and launched World War II in 1939. He made anti-Jewish culture a top priority of his lies and policies and built the Nazi Party into a mass movement. He hoped to conquer the entire world, and for a time dominated most of Europe and much of North Africa. He founded sterilization and euthanasia measures to enforce his idea of racial purity among German people and caused the deaths of millions of Jews, Roma (Gypsies), Slavic people, and many others, all of whom he considered inferior.

Early Years

Adolf Hitler was born in Braunau am Inn, Austria-Hungary, in 1889. Hitler had a comfortable childhood. His grades at school were above average and it was decided that he would attend a secondary school that prepared students for further studies and emphasized modern languages and technical subjects, at the school which was called a Realschule. However, Hitler and his father strongly differed over his career plans. His father wanted him to enter the public service. Hitler insisted on becoming an artist. So Hitler did poorly in Realschule, having to repeat the first year and improving very little from then on.

During this time, Hitler began to form his political views: a strong sense of German nationalism, the beginnings of anti-Jewish culture. Like many German-speaking citizens of Austria-Hungary, Hitler considered himself first and a pure German.

The death of Hitler?s father in January 1903 changed everything. The family income was adequate to support Hitler, his mother, and his sister, but the absence of a dominant father figure alte...

... middle of paper ...

... of Europe, the war hastened the end of colonial empires and the emergence of the new Jewish state of Israel. It also brought about the creation of new international organizations like the United Nations that might prevent such wars in the future.

Ironically, these developments were the exact opposite of what Hitler had hoped for. His ambition to make Berlin the capital of the world was not realized, and the enormous buildings he started designing for it in the 1920s were never built. Hitler combined organizational and manipulative talents with great cunning. He was simultaneously obsessed with fantastic visions and blinded to reality by those very visions. However, many Germans shared at least a portion of those visions. This support made it possible for Hitler to use the resources of Europe's second largest population and most advanced economy to pursue his dreams.

More about Biography of Adolf Hitler

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Integrating accounting standards with the world

rich text with image

"In absolute terms, manufacturing sector is the worst hit, with an average adverse impact of 11 per cent on their net profit. Within the manufacturing sector, the impact on iron and steel companies forms approximately 75 per cent of the total impact."

Siddharth Talwar
Partner, Grant Thornton India LLP

This article apeared in Business Standard on 12th October, 2016.


In vivo antibodies

In vitro vs. in vivo

At the beginning a central question arises: What does "in vitro" and "in vivo" actually mean?

Both terms originate from Latin. In vitro means 'within the glass' (lat. vitrum). In biology and chemistry one thinks directly of a test tube and this is exactly what is meant.

An in vitro experiment is carried out outside a living organism.

The term "in vivo", however, is the exact opposite. It means that something happens inside a living being (lat. vivum = life). Accordingly, in vivo experiments are carried out within a living organism.

In most cases, in vivo experiments are carried out following newly gained in vitro knowledge. This is due to the complexity of living organisms, which puts the in vitro observations obtained under controlled, well-defined circumstances to the test.

The best known applications for in vitro applications are in vitro fertilization (IVF), in which an artificial fertilization of an egg cell with sperm is performed, and in vitro diagnostics (IVD). The latter involves the examination of human samples within a laboratory for the purpose of diagnosing abnormalities or even diseases using products known as diagnostic agents.

In vivo antibody production

For the in vivo production of monoclonal antibodies, an adjuvant is first injected into the abdominal cavity of the mouse. Such an injection leads to an irritation of the peritoneum. The resulting accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity is called ascites.

In addition, additional fluid is secreted into the animal's peritoneal cavity, which promotes the growth of ascites.

Once this first step is completed, another injection into the abdominal cavity follows. Here, a concentrated hybridoma cell suspension corresponding to the desired monoclonal antibody is used.

The hybridoma cells now adapt to the new environment, start to grow and there is a continuous secretion of monoclonal antibodies into the ascites fluid within the peritoneal cavity.

Finally, the ascite fluid can be removed. In most cases, this is followed by purification of the antibodies on Protein A or G columns.

An advantage of this method is the low cost compared to common in vitro methods.

A disadvantage, however, are the components of the ascites fluid. The ascites fluid may contain proteolytic enzymes, which can damage the monoclonal antibodies produced, and endogenous antibodies, which lead to a decrease in antibody specificity after the purification step.

However, the production of monoclonal antibodies that can be used in vivo can also take place free from the use of animals in so-called bioreactors.

This allows the cultivation of the corresponding hybridoma cells over a longer period of time. This is due to the ability of the bioreactor to administer fresh cell culture medium and to remove used medium at the same time. The harvesting of the final antibody and its purification can also be done automatically by a bioreactor.

However, the creation and maintenance of a suitable environment within a bioreactor is linked to numerous parameters, which must be set with high precision.

On the one hand, temperature, gas throughput and stirring speed are the three most important physical parameters. The chemical parameters include dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide levels, pH, osmolality, redox potential and numerous metabolite levels.

On the other hand the biological parameters are of great importance. They include the concentration of living cells and the general viability of the cells. Additionally, intracellular - and extracellular parameters are measured.

In vivo antibody purity

Low endotoxin level

Perhaps the most important question before using an antibody in vivo is its purity or endotoxin content.

The outer cell membrane of certain bacteria consists of chemical compounds called endotoxins. The origin of the word is in ancient Greek and roughly means "toxic substance inside".

Endotoxins are lipopolysaccharides (LPS) which can be divided into a lipophilic lipid and a hydrophilic polysaccharide part. They gain their significance for the in vivo use of antibodies through their activation of cellular signaling pathways which, in addition to inflammatory reactions, can even have an apoptotic effect on cells. Endotoxins can also have a negative influence on the correct performance and evaluation of cell-based assays.

The detection of endotoxins is performed by means of the amebocyte lysate of horseshoe crabs, the so-called LAL test. The measured endotoxin units are subsequently stated per milliliter (EU/mL).

In addition to endotoxins, azides also play an important role in in vivo experiments. Azides, which belong to the pseudohalides, have drastic effects on cellular processes. Their irreversible inhibition of the respiratory chain enzyme cytochrome C oxidase, the terminal electron acceptor within the respiratory chain, is of particular importance.

The absence of carrier proteins, transmembrane proteins with important function in the passive transport of substrates, is also ensured prior to the sale of antibodies for in vivo use.

In vivo antibody application

T-cell depletion using in vivo antibodies

T-cell depletion describes the removal or lowering of specific T-cells and can reduce the risk of a graft-versus-host response.

Neutralization using in vivo antibodies

Especially in view of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the search for neutralizing antibodies is a central part of research. Neutralization is achieved by binding the antibody to a specific antigen. This antigen may, for example, be located on the virus surface and be responsible for virus entry into the cell or its binding to cellular receptors. The antibody-antigen binding thus creates a physical barrier and prevents the virus from interacting with the cell.

Frequently asked questions about in vivo antibody neutralization

What is neutralization in immunology?

The binding of an antibody to a pathogen and the resulting (physically) prevented infection of a cell is called neutralization in immunology.

Do antibodies carry out neutralization?

Only few antibodies are able to neutralize invading pathogens. Neutralization depends on the specific binding site of the antibody.

How do antibodies neutralize antigens?

Antibodies can neutralize antigens by binding to sites that are particularly important for pathogen infection.

What is a virus neutralization test?

A virus neutralization test demonstrates the ability of a specific antibody to physically prevent the interaction between a viral surface protein and a cellular receptor by binding to it.

In vivo imaging using antibodies

In addition to their therapeutic use, in vivo antibodies are becoming more and more popular for their use in non-invasive in vivo imaging and thus for in vivo diagnostics.

This allows research on diseases to be conducted in the in vivo model, enabling even better analysis and investigation of biomarkers on cell surfaces, therapy-influenced signaling pathways, metastatic cancer or general immune responses.

Non-invasive in vivo imaging using specific antibodies can thus enable the visualization of specific biomarkers within an entire organism.

In the long term, it can be further complemented by X-ray computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound, as the latter is limited to the patient's anatomy and physiology. Furthermore, this new method offers great hope of further improving targeted therapies through molecular observations.

Therapeutic antibodies

If a monoclonal antibody is used to fight a disease, it is called a therapeutic antibody. Especially in the fight against cancer, antibodies that bind to the immune checkpoints of T-cells help. In this process, also known as immune checkpoint therapy, the antibody blocks the interaction of cancer cells with the immune checkpoints on the surface of the T-cell membrane.

As a result, the cancer cell cannot escape the immune response and attack by the T-cell (immune evasion). In this case, the cancer cell would normally use the activation of these immune checkpoints, which are originally intended to cause an overfunction of immune cells by suppressing the immune system.

The naming of such therapeutic antibodies follows a fixed scheme: antibodies generated in the mouse always end in -omab. The first of its kind was Muromonab-CD3 in 1986. Since the current WHO nomenclature was not yet active at the time of its development, its name does not follow the now valid guidelines. However, the use of monoclonal antibodies of murine origin has a major disadvantage, as they are often recognized as "foreign" by the patient's own immune system, which initiates a defense reaction. Therefore, the newer therapeutic antibodies are antibodies of exclusively human origin (ending in -umab).

Two further examples of the mode of action of therapeutic antibodies

Blocking of certain overexpressed receptors

For a cancer cell to grow indefinitely, it must receive appropriate growth signals. In order for this to happen, it produces, for example, a particularly high proportion of HER2 receptors compared to other cells. This receptor is responsible for such a growth and division signal. However, the binding of an anti-HER2 antibody blocks its action and thus prevents further growth of the cancer cell.

Blocking angiogenesis

The formation of new blood vessels to supply oxygen to tissues is called angiogenesis. When a tumor reaches a certain size, the lack of oxygen makes it necessary to stimulate the formation of new blood vessels by means of messenger substances. If this process is blocked, the oxygen supply to the tumor is cut off.

Therapeutic antibodies by gene transfer

One of the latest approaches to make the production of monoclonal antibodies for therapeutic purposes even more efficient is their production within the patient himself. This method is called in vivo gene transfer. Such an introduction of the genetic sequence for the production of the antibody can be done by means of special viruses (adenoviruses). This method uses the ability of the viruses to integrate their own genetic material into the host cell.

Nevertheless, this new approach is affected by side effects such as germ line transfer, the development of cancer or unwanted reactions of the immune system to the virus infection.

A non-viral approach involves the use of plasmids that can be transfected into muscle tissue. However, their disadvantage is the low expression level of the encoded protein.

The process of transfer is one of the most central approaches of modern science. Especially the support of non-viral gene transfer by electroporation seems to be very promising. Parts of the tissue membrane are made permeable to the plasmids used by means of electrical voltage pulses, which can lead to a 10-100 times higher efficiency of the gene transfer.

Biopharmaceuticals are biological drugs. Their active ingredients are produced within living cells. This is in contrast to chemical drugs, whose active ingredients are produced synthetically.

If the patent of a biopharmaceutical expires, other manufacturers can copy this product. However, the original active ingredient is not used. As a result, the approval of a biosimilar is a complex process and its monitoring measures are critical.

Although biosimilars do not differ from the original biologics in their clinical effect, the former show significant differences such as a changed glycosylation pattern. However, the amino acid sequence of the biosimilars is identical to their original.

Four characteristics distinguish a biosimilar:

  1. Marketing begins after the original patent expires
  2. Significantly lower selling price than the original
  3. Despite biological variation especially similar to the origina
  4. The effect, quality and safety are almost identical to the original

The imitation products of a therapeutic protein, known as biosimilars, despite their proximity to the original drug, require their own investigations and tests regarding their efficacy and safety.

In the field of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, numerous biosimilars for adalimumab, bevacizumab, infliximab, rituximab and trastuzumab have been successfully launched in recent years.


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Turn your car into a recreational amphibious vehicle

Water rusts pipes. - WC Fields

Save water - drink vodka. - Unknown

Out of water, I am nothing. - Duke Kahanamoku

Hard Water: The scientific name for ice - Daffynitions joe-ks.com

In the ant's house, the dew is a flood. - Danish Proverb

Water, taken in moderation, cannot hurt anybody. - Mark Twain

A mixture of brandy and water spoils two good things. - Charles Lamb

I drank some boiling water because I wanted to whistle. - Mitch Hedberg

He hits from both sides of the plate. He's amphibious. - Yogi Berra

You can't cross the sea merely by staring at the water. - Rabindranath Tagore

My fake plants died because I did not pretend to water them. - Mitch Hedberg

I ran a 100-mile marathon, and I was powered by coconut water. - Jesse Itzler

You can lead a horse to water, but you can't make him float. - Unknown

Washable: What a cowboy does, very carefully, with soap and water - Daffynitions joe-ks.com

Water, air, and cleanliness are the chief articles in my pharmacy. - Napoleon Bonaparte

You can't trust water: Even a straight stick turns crooked in it. - WC Fields

Shells sink,
Dreams float,
Life's good
On our boat. - Jimmy Buffet

I met my wife on a ferry boat, and when we landed she gave me the slip. - Groucho Marx

My wife's an earth sign. I'm a water sign. Together we make mud. - Henny Youngman

Gardening requires lots of water, most of it in the form of perspiration. - Lou Erickson

If you have a boat and a happy marriage, you don't need another thing. - Ed McMahon

We may have all come on different ships, but we're in the same boat now. - Martin Luther King Jr.

You don't drown by falling into water. You only drown if you stay there. - Zig Ziglar

Life is like stepping onto a boat which is about to sail out to sea and sink. - Shunryi Suzuki-roshi

You can lead a horse to water but I'd rather ride it to the liquor store. - Wayne Nowazek

In wine there is wisdom, in beer there is freedom, in water there is bacteria. - Ben Franklin

Don't be a fish; be a frog. Swim in the water and jump when you hit ground. - Kim Young-ha

You can lead a herring to water, but you have to walk really fast or he'll die. - Rose

Once, during Prohibition, I was forced to live for days on nothing but food and water. - WC Fields

When ya go out there in the water and ya start crossing your longirudes and lassitudes. - Archie Bunker

A woman is like a tea bag; you never know how strong it is until it's in hot water. - Eleanor Roosevelt

If NASA really wants to find water on Mars, they should just send me there to hit a golf ball. - Gene Jaster

Like the old adverb, "you can lead a gift horse to the water but ya can't look in his mouth." - Archie Bunker

Gold and diamonds are nice, but clean, crisp, controlled water has long been the preeminent hallmark of the rich. - Anthony Doerr

Reminds me of my safari in Africa. Somebody forgot the corkscrew and for several days we had to live on nothing but food and water. - WC Fields

Memory is a net: one finds it full of fish when he takes it from the brook, but a dozen miles of water have run through it without sticking. - Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr.

Advice from a tree:
- Stand tall and proud
- Go out on a limb
- Remember your roots
- Drink plenty of water
- Enjoy the view - Unknown

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Descargas gratuitas de libros de audio para iPod Second Nature: Environmental Enrichment for Captive Animals iBook 9781560983972

Second Nature: Environmental Enrichment for Captive Animals

Second Nature: Environmental Enrichment for Captive Animals

by Dj Shepherdson, J. Shepherdson David, D. Mellen Et Al Jill

Editorial: Smithsonian Institution Press
ISBN: 9781560983972
Número de páginas: 376
Formatos: pdf, ePub, mobi, fb2
Tamaño de archivo: 10 Mb
Fecha de publicación: 2021-01-23

Growing recognition of the complexity of animals' physical, social, and psychological lives in the wild has led both zookeepers and the zoo-going public to call for higher environmental standards for animals in captivity. Bringing together the work of animal behaviorists, zoo biologists, and psychologists, Second Nature explores a range of innovative strategies for environmental enrichment in laboratories and marine parks, as well as in zoos. From artificial fleeing-prey devices for leopards to irregular feeding schedules for whales, the practices discussed have resulted in healthier, more relaxed animals that can breed more easily and can exert some control over their environments. Moving beyond the usual studies of primates to consider the requirements of animals as diverse as reptiles, amphibians, marine mammals, small cats, hooved grazers, and bears, contributors argue that whether an animal forages in the wild or plays computer games in captivity, the satisfaction its activity provides—rather than the activity itself—determines the animal's level of physical and psychological well-being. Second Nature also discusses the ways in which environmental enrichment can help zoo-bred animals develop the stamina and adaptability for survival in the wild, and how it can produce healthier lab animals that yield more valid test results. Providing a theoretical framework for the science of environmental enrichment in a variety of settings, the book renews and extends a humane approach to the keeping and conservation of animals.


Feeding Dogs for Stronger Bones

Besides proving energy for basic metabolic functions and movement, food can help support (or hinder) the body’s ability to maintain a strong muscular-skeletal structure, support organ health, enhance the immune systems, and basically ensure that the body is running on “all cylinders”. Active dogs (and humans) require high level function and overall strength with regard to their bones, muscles, joints, lungs, and digestion in order to deal with the physical stress of being active. Each of these areas can benefit from specific micronutrients so it is important to understand how a dog’s diet can impact the overall function of their body. Today, we will focus on the nutrients that are needed to support strong and healthy bones.

What are Bones Made of?

Bone tissue is comprised of a mixture of minerals (for structure and hardness) deposited around a protein matrix (i.e. collagen) for flexibility. It is a bone’s flexibility that allows it to bend slightly but not break under most normal levels of stress.

According to the Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University, about sixty-five percent of bone tissue is made of mineral. The major minerals found in bone are calcium and phosphorus. Magnesium, sodium, and potassium are also present in various degrees. The remaining 35% of bone tissue is an organic protein matrix, almost 95% of which is type I collagen. Collagen fibers twist around each other and provide the interior scaffolding that supports the layers of bone minerals to form the bone.

Minerals that Support Bone Strength

The primary minerals that are key to bone health include calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus. Each of these minerals need to be available to the body as part of the bone regeneration process. They all provide additional health benefits as well.

Calcium. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and serves many functions to support overall health. Calcium is the building block for bone growth and regeneration. Calcium also helps the body contract its muscles, supports proper nerve transmission, and blood coagulation (clotting), among other things.

If a dog’s diet is calcium deficient, their body will use calcium from the bones to ensure normal cell function, which can lead to weakened bones. Calcium deficiency can also lead to nervous system problems such as irritability, anxiety, and difficulty sleeping.

It is important to note that overloading a body with calcium can cause symptoms similar to calcium deficiency. The interaction between calcium and phosphorous is critical and there needs to be a balance between these two minerals in the diet. Somewhere around 2 to 2.5 times calcium to 1 times phosphorous is considered optimal for dogs. The upshot? Don’t blindly use calcium supplements without considering the overall diet and balance of other minerals.

Foods high in calcium and that are included in some dog food formulas include sardines and salmon, green leafy vegetables including kale, dandelion greens, and broccoli, as well as nuts and seeds, including almonds and pumpkin seeds.

Magnesium. Magnesium helps the body absorb and retain calcium, which helps support bone health. It also helps the body to convert calcium in the blood into usable form for muscle and nerve function, as well as to generally support the central nervous system and cardiovascular health. Magnesium deficiency can lead to weakened bones, nervous system issues including anxiety and irritability, a lowered level of stamina, and an overall lower resistance to stress. A 1988 study showed that magnesium deficiency was shown to raise the aggression levels in mice.

Foods high in magnesium and that are included in some dog food formulas include vegetables like spinach, squash, and green beans, seafood, flax, and nuts.

Phosphorus. Phosphorus supports healthy bones, directly aids in calcium metabolism, and supports the nervous system. It also aids in cellular repair and improved digestion. Phosphorous deficiency can lead to weakened bones and joint pain, as well as autonomic nervous system issues leading to drooling, watery eyes and nose. Lack of adequate phosphorous can also lower the metabolism and reduce stamina.

Foods high in phosphorus and that are included in some dog food formulas include salmon and other fish, meats including pork and beef, and seeds including flax, pumpkin, and squash seeds.

Personalize your pet’s daily meals.

Feed the right amount each day with the SmartFeeder and SmartDelivery.


EUR/CHF price and rate analysis

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Before you start trading currencies in  Forex market, you need to understand how the price of currency pairs such as EUR/CHF is calculated using what is known as rate analysis. These key rates or currency interest rates have a very strong influence on the development of exchange rates and should be taken into account when calculating your strategies and analyses.

Elements that can influence the price of this asset:

Analysis N°1

The monetary policies of the European Central Bank and the Swiss National Bank and the difference between them is of course one of the most influential factors in the development of the exchange rate of these two currencies in relation to each other.

Analysis N°2

Another important thing to watch out for if you trade the EUR/CHF is market concerns about the future of the Eurozone and the European Union. We will therefore follow all news on economic policy and growth in these economic zones.

Analysis N°3

The Swiss Franc is strongly influenced by the relations between Switzerland and the European Union, which sometimes lead to very high volatility on this currency cross.

Analysis N°4

Finally, the macroeconomic figures regularly published by these two currency areas can also help to define a medium and long-term trend.

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Presentation of the currency pair EUR/CHF :

The currency cross EUR/CHF represents the parity Euro/Swiss Franc. It is therefore the quotation of the Euro against the Swiss Franc. The price of this cross corresponds to the value of one Euro expressed in Swiss Francs.

Although the EUR/CHF is not one of the most popular currency pairs in Forex, it still ranks ninth in the most traded currency pair rankings, just after the EUR/JPY or Euro/Yen. The annual trading volume for the EUR/CHF cross is around 2% of all currency market transactions.

The EUR/CHF currency pair is quoted as a number with 4 decimal places, although some brokers sometimes display it with 5 decimal places. Its price is a floating rate, which means that it is subject to the law of supply and demand in the interbank foreign exchange market.

Introduction and listing of the EUR/CHF pair:

One of the specificities of this currency pair is its high volatility. Indeed, its average volatility observed over the last few years has been 90 pips, which is quite rare on a Forex currency pair.

This volatility is largely due to the fact that the EUR/CHF currency pair is a trend pair. This clearly means that trends in the currency pair usually show long upward and downward movements.

Last but not least, the last but not least asset of the EUR/CHF cross is the Swiss Franc, which has long been considered a safe haven because of Switzerland's financial strength, which is renowned for its banks. As a result, when global economic markets are at a low ebb and the general climate is pessimistic, the Swiss franc sells very well.

Factors to be taken into account

We have just seen together that several major factors such as the interest rate policy of the ECB or the European economic policy have a direct and major influence on the price of the EUR/CHF currency pair. But you must also take into account other influential factors that also have a more or less important impact on the evolution of this value. Here are the other elements to be included in your analysis:

Variations in the EUR/CHF according to European policy and its evolution :

One of the most influential and therefore most useful elements if you are considering trading the EUR/CHF currency pair is European politics. This is particularly useful if you are adopting a medium to short term investment strategy.

We will therefore focus in particular on the concerns that investors may have regarding the euro zone and the European Union to a lesser extent and which, as you probably already know, have a strong influence on the evolution of this exchange rate.

Indeed, it is noticeable that when investor concerns are significant, this has a negative impact on all assets in this block. Of course, the eurozone currency, the EUR, is also affected by this fear sentiment and, as the CHF plays a safe haven role here, there is significant pressure on the EUR/CHF price in this case.

There are many events to watch to anticipate and analyse market concerns in the euro zone and the 19 countries that make it up. These include national and European elections, major referenda and major economic reforms.

To better understand what impact the policies of the eurozone countries can have on the price of the EUR/CHF currency pair, we can cite the concrete and current example of Italy. Indeed, during the spring of 2018, two bets considered Eurosceptics, the 5 Star Movement and the Northern League, joined forces to form a government alliance. At the announcement of this coalition, the EUR/CHF, which was then following an upward trend, stopped gaining points and then lost nearly 4% of its value in the space of only two weeks. Subsequently and a few months later, as the Italian government dismantled the former government's labour market reform, marking the beginning of new fears about the country's deficit problem, investors decided to massively sell their Italian domestic bonds in order to buy German bonds, considered safer and supported by the various rating agencies. The impact of this event is a little more complex to understand. Indeed, following these massive purchases of Bunds, the yields on this bond fell and this led to a smaller spread between these yields and the yields on the Swiss bond. This of course benefited the CHF and again contributed to the EUR/CHF exchange rate losing points.

These few examples give a better understanding of the role played by the important political and economic decisions of the euro area countries. You should therefore keep a close eye on all these events as well as political and economic events affecting Switzerland and use them as a point of entry or exit or as a basis for your strategies and position maintenance.

Tips for analysing the EUR/CHF

Let's end this article dedicated to the EUR/CHF currency pair with a few tips to help you better analyse this cross.

First of all, you must systematically check that the data you obtain through your technical analyses coincide with the technical data of the German Bund over 10 years, since it is known that these two assets must show a positive correlation.

As explained above, the rate of the EUR/CHF currency cross is particularly responsive to the various communications, announcements and forecasts from the two major central banks that govern these currency zones, namely the ECB for the euro zone and the SNB for Switzerland. You should therefore pay particular attention to all events related to these two financial institutions with regard to economic and monetary plans.

Of course, the other important element to be analysed in the framework of your strategy on the EUR/CHF course concerns the policies pursued in Europe and more particularly in the countries of the euro zone. These policies will help you to better understand the context in which this currency pair is evolving and to anticipate changes in the EUR/CHF based on the fears this context generates.

Of course, and especially if you decide to adopt a long-term investment strategy on this currency pair, you should also pay close attention to the macroeconomic figures for the Eurozone and Switzerland. This will also help you in your medium-term strategies.

As previously announced, a technical analysis remains essential before taking any position on this stock given its extremely speculative aspect. These technical analyses will be particularly useful if you are considering a short or medium-term trading strategy.

Finally, you can also use the tools and decision-making aids offered by your online broker to further refine your analyses. In particular, you can consult the forecasts made by Forex specialists and analysts or the quarterly forecasts for each currency. The demo accounts, which are usually available free of charge on current trading platforms, can be used to test your various strategies before implementing them with real capital.

Thanks to the various tips we have just given you and the various information you have read about in this article, you should be able to set up effective analyses on the price of the EUR/CHF currency pair.

Frequently Asked Questions

What influences the EUR/CHF rate?

The EUR/CHF exchange rate is determined solely by supply and demand on the foreign exchange market. However, it is also interesting to know that several external factors will influence this supply and demand, such as central bank decisions and key interest rates or economic and financial exchanges between these two economic zones, i.e. between Switzerland and the euro zone.

ow often is the EUR/CHF exchange rate changed?

It is important to understand that the EUR/CHF exchange rate is constantly changing in the market. When you look at the exchange rate charts for this exchange rate, you will see a price change per second during the opening hours of this market. This is of course also the case for all other Forex currencies and you should therefore take this rapid change into account in your investment strategies.

Are the margins of financial intermediaries the same on EUR/CHF?

The exchange rate offered by financial intermediaries on the EUR/CHF currency pair varies greatly depending on the margin that will be applied by each of them. This margin will in fact serve as a remuneration for this intermediary and you must take this into account before choosing the broker you will use to speculate on this cross. In the case of online Forex trading, this margin is expressed by the spread.

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This is a one year program that meets once a month. It is an advanced journey into Goddess worship and works through the Maiden, Mother and Crone Goddesses and how these phases relate to a woman's life cycle.

Prerequisites for this class are Magick 101 and The Goddess Class.

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Aggregate Equipment For Sale In Montana, 2020-7-15 · The Crusher category includes jaw, impact, horizontal shaft impact, and cone crushers, among others, which are designed to turn larger rocks down into smaller ones that can then be more easily passed through screens. Crushers are used in waste management and recycling centers.


India’s economy is growing and its burgeoning population currently stands at more than one-and-a-quarter billion. As a consequence, wildlife habitats across the country are shrinking and elephants and other migratory animals are increasingly in conflict with humans.

To address this, Wildlife Trust of India (WTI) and World Land Trust (WLT) are working together to secure safe passage for elephants, tigers and other threatened species away from humans.

Projects in India

Garo Hills

The Garo Hills form part of the Garo-Khasi mountain range in the state of Meghalaya, North-east India. These gently undulating hills sit within the Meghalaya Subtropical Forests ecoregion, which is known for being one of the wettest regions in the world, with some parts receiving over 11 metres of rainfall a year. These high levels of rainfall, rich soils and benevolent climate have been a major factor in the resulting exceptional biodiversity value of the region. Only 7.6 per cent of Meghalaya’s forests are under protection, and unprotected areas are threatened by jhum agricultural practices (slash and burn).

Mudahalli Corridor

Mudahalli is located within the Mysore-Nilgiri biosphere region, where the Eastern and Western Ghats mountain ranges meet in southern India. This one of the most important regions for elephants and tigers. Although there are reserves, the region has a dense human population resulting in increasing habitat fragmentation and human-wildlife conflict.

Tirunelli-Kudrakote Corridor

Tirunelli-Kudrakote Corridor lies in an area considered to be a global biodiversity hotspot in a transition zone between the drier forests to the north and the wetter montane rain forests in the south. Just over 6,000 Elephants live within the corridor- the largest population of elephants in the southern region of India.

Western Ghats

The Western Ghats mountain range runs down the west coast of the Indian peninsula, and has been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in recognition of its biological richness and beauty. It is a biodiversity hotspot, and is considered one of the “hottest hotspots” of the world’s 34 biodiversity hotspots.


Having a car maintenance checklist is something all drivers should have, no matter the season. That said, there are some things you can’t always get away with in the winter that you need to take care of now when it comes to your vehicle.

Our friends at Main Auto, LLC in Vineland, NJ, understand the importance of a car maintenance checklist and helped us put together these tips on prepping your vehicle for winter. When you visit Main Auto, LLC for a service and pay with the Xspero™ app, 20% goes to a charity your choose. That way, your money helps a local business and a local nonprofit, all without costing you more.

Here are five things you should be able to check off your car maintenance checklist this fall.

1. Check your oil.
An oil change is a crucial part of routine maintenance and what keeps your engine happy and running smoothly. For older models, pop the hood on your vehicle and check the dipstick to clock the current condition and level of your oil. If the oil is gritty, thick, or abrasive in appearance, it’s probably time for a change. On newer models, you can check the in-car computer for when it’s time to change the oil.

2. Check tire pressure and tread depth.
Ensuring your tires are in good condition will help keep you safe on the road. Over time, tires wear down and often lose pressure, so checking in on their condition should be on your car maintenance checklist. Give your tires a thorough visual inspection. If you spot any uneven tread patterns, it may be time for a rotation or new tires altogether. Having traction on slick, rainy roads or icy streets is critical for safety.

3. Replace your windshield wipers and top off washer fluid.
We had a warm and rainy summer—both of which can cause wear and tear on your wiper blades. Having your wipers replaced and topping off your washer fluid will help you see your best (short of a visit to the optometrist) this coming winter on the road. Inspect the rubber strip on your wiper blades. If it’s cracked or coming off the blade, you’ll definitely want it replaced.

4. Inspect exterior lights and signals.
As we drive deeper into fall, the less the light we have in our days. That means we’ll be spending more time driving in the dark. Ensuring your exterior lights and signals are functioning could make a difference in staying safe (and avoiding a ticket!). Perform regular tests at home by monitoring your headlights, high beams, rear lights, brake lights, and turn signals.

5. Check your coolant and brake fluid levels.
Unless you’re familiar with checking coolant and brake fluid levels, this may require some help from a professional. Coolant helps keep your engine running at the optimal temperature, while brake fluids keep your brakes performing effectively. Check your owner’s manual for specifics on checking these levels or contact Main Auto, LLC.

Want to add to your car maintenance checklist this fall?Here are five warning signs that you need an oil change.


Glossary catalogue

Glossary table

Term Meaning
Account number
The primary identifier for ownership of an account, whether a vendor account, a checking or brokerage account, or a loan account. An account number is used whether or not the identifier uses letters or numbers.
Account statement
Amortization of Loans
On auto loan and home loan payments, at the beginning of the loan term, most of the monthly payment goes toward interest. With each subsequent payment, a greater percentage of the payment goes toward the loan's principal. For example, on a five-year $20,000 auto loan at 6% interest, the first payment of $386.66 allocates $286.66 to principal and $100 to interest. The last monthly payment allocates $384.73 to principal and $1.92 to interest.
Amortization Schedule
An amortization schedule is to a complete table of periodic loan payments, showing the amount of principal and the amount of interest that comprise each payment until the loan is paid off at the end of its term. While each periodic payment is the same amount early in the schedule, the majority of each payment is interest; later in the schedule, the majority of each payment covers the loan's principal. The last line of the schedule shows the borrower’s total interest and principal payments for the entire loan term.
Amortization Table
Amortized loan
Balance Sheet
Balance Sheet is the financial statement of a company which includes assets, liabilities, equity capital, total debt, etc. at a point in time. Balance sheet includes assets on one side, and liabilities on the other. For the balance sheet to reflect the true picture, both heads (liabilities & assets) should tally (Assets = Liabilities + Equity). Description: Balance sheet is more like a snapshot of the financial position of a company at a specified time, usually calculated after every quarter, six months or one year. Balance Sheet has two main heads -assets and liabilities. Let's understand each one of them. What are assets? Assets are those resources or things which the company owns. They can be divided into current as well as non-current assets or long term assets. Liabilities on are debts or obligations of a company. It is the amount that the company owes to its creditors. Liabilities can be divided into current liabilities and long term liabilities. Another important head in the balance sheet is shareholder or owner's equity. Assets are equal to total liabilities and owners' equity. Owner's equity is used when the company is a sole proprietorship and shareholders' equity is used when the company is a corporation. It is also known as book value of the company. Let's understand reporting of a transaction on a balance sheet. If a company XYZ takes a five-year loan from public sector banks for an amount of Rs 5,00,000, it means that the bank will pay the money to XYZ Ltd. The accounts department will increase the cash component by 5,00,000 on the assets front, and at the same time increase the long term debt account with the same amount, thus balancing both the sides. If company raises Rs 10,00,000 from investors, then its assets will increase by that amount, as will its shareholder's equity.
Bank account
Cash Flow
The amount of cash or cash-equivalent which the company receives or gives out by the way of payment(s) to creditors is known as cash flow. Cash flow analysis is often used to analyse the liquidity position of the company. It gives a snapshot of the amount of cash coming into the business, from where, and amount flowing out. Description: As discussed cash flows can either be positive or negative. It is calculated by subtracting the cash balance at the beginning of a period which is also known as opening balance, form the cash balance at the end of the period (could be a month, quarter or a year) or the closing balance. If the difference is positive, it means you have more cash at the end of a given period. If the difference is negative it means that you have less amount of cash at the end of a given period when compared with the opening balance at the starting of a period. To analyse where the cash is coming from and going out, cash flow statements are prepared. It has three main categories - operating cash flow which includes day-to-day transactions, investing cash flow which includes transactions which are done for expansion purpose, and financing cash flow which include transactions relating to the amount of dividend paid out to stockholders. However, the level of cash flow is not an ideal metric to analyse a company when making an investment decision. A Company's balance sheet as well as income statements should be studied carefully to come to a conclusion. Cash level might be increasing for a company because it might have sold some of its assets, but that doesn't mean the liquidity is improving. If the company has sold off some of its assets to pay off debt then this is a negative sign and should be investigated further for more clarification. If the company is not reinvesting cash then this is also a negative sign because in that case it is not using the opportunity to diversify or build business for expansion.
Default is the failure to pay interest or principal on a loan or security when due. Default occurs when a debtor is unable to meet the legal obligation of debt repayment, and it also refers to cases in which one party fails to perform on a futures contract as required by an exchange.
Due date
Due date, also known as maturity date, is the day when some accruals fall due.
Due Date Rate
Due date rate is the amount of debt that has to be paid on a date decided in the past. It can also be known as maturity date rate. If the due date amount is higher than the actual amount, then it results in profit, otherwise it's a loss. Description: Due date rate, also called maturity amount, is the amount of debt that a debtor has to pay on a date decided earlier. For example, if a person named ABC borrowed Rs 100 from someone called XYZ and it has been decided that ABC would pay Rs 110 on a date decided at the time of making the transaction, then Rs 110 is called the due date rate, maturity amount or maturity rate and the date is a called the due date or maturity date. Due date amount is also calculated widely for bank deposits, FDs, NSCs, and other investment instruments and via financial institutions. The due date amount/rate for a fixed deposit of Rs 10,000 with 10 per cent annual rate of interest for one year will be Rs 11,000. The difference between the principle and due date rate can be determined as profit/loss. If the due date rate is higher than the actual rate, the difference amount is called profit, otherwise it will be treated as loss.
Loan Application Fee
Past Due
Past due is a loan payment that has not been made as of its due date. A borrower who is past due may be subject to late fees, unless the borrower is still within a grace period. Failure to repay a loan on time could have negative implications for the borrower's credit status or cause the loan terms to be permanently adjusted.
Principal is most commonly used to refer to the amount borrowed or the amount still owed on a loan, separate from interest. If you take out a $50,000 loan, for example, the principal is $50,000, so if you pay off $30,000, the remaining $20,000 left to repay is also called the principal.
Repayment is the act of paying back money previously borrowed from a lender. Repayment usually takes the form of periodic payments that normally include part principal plus interest in each payment.
Suspense Account
suspense account is the section of a company's books where it records its unclassified debits and credits. The suspense account temporarily holds these unclassified transactions while the company makes a decision about their classification. Transactions in the suspense account continue to appear in the general ledger for the company.


 STORYTELLING : définition de STORYTELLING et synonymes de STORYTELLING (anglais)

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définition - STORYTELLING

voir la définition de Wikipedia

-Australian storytelling • Biblical storytelling • Digital storytelling • Gamaka (storytelling) • Graphic Storytelling and Visual Narrative • Interactive Storytelling Game • Interactive storytelling • Katha (storytelling format) • Mojo storytelling • National Storytelling Festival • Oral storytelling • Organizational storytelling • Scottish Storytelling Centre • Southern Ohio Storytelling Festival • Storytelling (Jean-Luc Ponty album) • Storytelling (album) • Storytelling (disambiguation) • Storytelling (film) • Storytelling Giant • Storytelling System • Storytelling festival • Storytelling game • Teaching Proficiency through Reading and Storytelling • The Art of Storytelling • The Art of Storytelling (Dirty album) • Timpanogos Storytelling Festival • Transmedia storytelling • World Storytelling Day • Yukon International Storytelling Festival

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  Historical perspective

The earliest forms of storytelling were thought[by whom?] to have been primarily oral combined with gestures and expressions. In addition to being part of religious ritual, rock art may[original research?] have served as a form of storytelling for many ancient cultures. The Australian Aboriginal people painted symbols from stories on cave walls as a means of helping the storyteller remember the story. The story was then told using a combination of oral narrative, music, rock art and dance. People have used the carved trunks of living trees and ephemeral media (such as sand and leaves) to record stories in pictures or with writing. Complex forms of tattooing may also represent stories, with information about genealogy, affiliation and social status.

  Contemporary storytelling

  Oral traditions

Albert Bates Lord examined oral narratives from field transcripts of Yugoslav oral bards collected by Milman Parry in the 1930s, and the texts of epics such as the Odyssey and Beowulf.[2] Lord found that a large part of the stories consisted of text which was improvised during the telling process.

The story was described by Reynolds Price, when he wrote:

  Märchen and Sagen

Folklorists sometimes divide oral tales into two main groups: Märchen and Sagen.[citation needed] These are German terms for which there are no exact English equivalents, however we have approximations:

  Storytelling and learning

Storytelling is a means for sharing and interpreting experiences. Stories are universal in that they can bridge cultural, linguistic and age-related divides. Storytelling can be used as a method to teach ethics, values, and cultural norms and differences. [4] Learning is most effective when it takes place in social environments that provide authentic social cues about how knowledge is to be applied [5]. Stories provide a tool to transfer knowledge in a social context.

Human knowledge is based on stories and the human brain consists of cognitive machinery necessary to understand, remember and tell stories [6]. Humans are storytelling organisms that both individually and socially, lead storied lives[7] . Stories mirror human thought as humans think in narrative structures and most often remember facts in story form. Facts can be understood as smaller versions of a larger story thus storytelling can supplement analytical thinking.

Stories are effective educational tools because listeners become engaged and therefore remember. While the storylistener is engaged, they are able to imagine new perspectives, inviting a transformative and empathetic experience [8]. Listening to a storyteller can create lasting personal connections, promote innovative problem solving and foster a shared understanding regarding future ambitions [9] . The listener can then activate knowledge and imagine new possibilities. Together a storyteller and listener can seek best practices and invent new solutions.

Stories tend to be based on experiential learning, but learning from an experience is not automatic. Often a person needs to attempt to tell the story about that experience before realizing its value. In this case it is not only the listener that learns, but also the teller who becomes aware of their own unique experiences and backgrounds [10] . This process of storytelling is empowering as the teller effectively conveys ideas and with practice is able to demonstrate the potential of human accomplishment. Story taps into existing knowledge and creates bridges both culturally and motivationally toward a solution.

  As art form

Several storytelling organizations started in the US during the 1970s. One such organization was the National Association for the Perpetuation and Preservation of Storytelling (NAPPS), now the National Storytelling Network and the International Storytelling Center. NSN is a professional organization that helps to organize resources for tellers and festival planners. The ISC runs the National Storytelling Festival in Jonesborough, TN.[13] Australia followed their American counterparts with the establishment of storytelling guilds in the late 1970s. Australian storytelling today has individuals and groups across the country who meet to share their stories.

  Emancipation of the story

In oral traditions, stories are kept alive by being re-told again and again. The material of any given story naturally undergoes several changes and adaptations during this process. When and where oral tradition was pushed back in favor of print media, the literary idea of the author as originator of a story's authoritative version changed people's perception of stories themselves. In the following centuries, stories tended to be seen as the work of individuals, rather than a collective effort. Only recently, when a significant number of influential authors began questioning their own roles, the value of stories as such – independent of authorship – was again recognized. Literary critics such as Roland Barthes even proclaimed the Death of the Author.

  In business

For many multi-media communication complex institutions, communicating by using fiction storytelling techniques can be a more compelling and effective route than using only dry facts.[14] Daphne A. Jameson undertook some research into the manner in which language is used in business meetings. Her analysis led her to the following major conclusions:

Using narrative to manage conflicts For managers storytelling is an important way of resolving conflicts, addressing issues and facing challenges. Managers used narrative discourse to deal with conflicts, because direct action was often impossible.

Using narrative to interpret the past and shape the future In a group discussion a process of collective narration can help to influence others and unify the group by linking the past to the future. In discussions, the managers transformed problems, requests and issues into stories. Jameson calls the collective group construction storybuilding.

Using narrative in the reasoning process Storytelling plays an important role in reasoning processes and in convincing others. In the meetings, the managers preferred stories instead of abstract arguments or statistical measures. When situations were complex, narrative allowed them to involve more context.[15]

  In marketing

Storytelling is increasingly used in advertising today in order to build customer loyalty.[16] According to Giles Lury, this marketing trend echoes the deeply-rooted need of all humans to be entertained. Stories are illustrative, easily memorable and allow any firm to create stronger emotional bonds with the customers.

According to Professor Henry Jenkins, four steps should be followed to achieve successful campaigns based on that concept:[17]

Stories should be drillable.
Involve the fans in the creation process.
Build a world in which your story can evolve (such as Coca-Cola's "Happiness Factory")
Coca-Cola is an example of the use of storytelling. From Iris Bell's tale in 1944 to the "Happiness Factory" today, they have succeeded in involving their customers in their advertising and creating emotional power. The use of storytelling by marketers shows the beginning of a new narrative era in which brand content, brand story, advertainment, street marketing, guerilla marketing ... will be essential communication concepts.

  See also

  1. ^ Birch, Carol and Melissa Heckler (Eds.) 1996. Who Says?: Essays on Pivotal Issues in Contemporary Storytelling’’ Atlanta GA: August House
  4. ^ Davidson, Michelle (2004). "A phenomenological evaluation: using storytelling as a primary teaching method". Nurse Education and Practice 4 (3): 184-189.
  5. ^ Andrews, Dee; Hull, Donahue (September 2009). "Storytelling as an Instructional Method:: Descriptions and Research Question". The Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning. 2 3: 6-23. http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/afrl/storytelling_instructional.pdf.
  6. ^ Wyer, Robert (1995). Knowledge and Memory: The Real Story. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. pp. 1-85. ISBN 0-8058-1446-9.
  7. ^ Connelly, F. Michael; D. Jean Clandinin (Jun. - Jul.). "Stories of Experience and Narrative Inquiry". Educational Researcher. 5 19: 2-14. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1176100.
  8. ^ Rossiter, Marsha (2002). "Narrative and Stories in Adult Teaching and Learning". Educational Resources Information Center 'ERIC Digest' (241). http://www.calpro-online.org/eric/docs/dig241.pdf.
  10. ^ Doty, Elizabeth. "Transforming Capabilities: Using Story for Knowledge Discovery & Community Development". Storytelling In Organizations. http://www.worklore.com/WorkLore_TransformingCapabilities_EDoty.pdf.
  11. ^ David Lodge The Art of Fiction 67
  12. ^ Lodge The Art of Fiction 97
  15. ^ Jameson, Daphne A. (2001). Narrative Discourse and Management Action. Journal of Business Communication, 38 (4), p. 476-511
  17. ^ Huang, Christine(2009). Advertising Age, Volume 80, Issue 40, p. 13

  Further reading

  External links

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Keras writing custom layer

Keras writing custom layer

Writing custom layer in keras

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