agoraphobia and social phobia – What & # 39; s the difference?

What & # 39; the difference between agoraphobia and social phobia?

This is a question every time. It & # 39; and because the two disorders are some similarities that make them difficult to distinguish from each other. For example, both the agoraphobic and social phobic fear of being in public places. Both develop a similar pattern avoidance behavior. Panic and anxiety associated with both experience similar symptoms. And since they are considered as phobias, both conditions can be treated with a program of cognitive behavioral therapy successfully.

So what is the difference between these two conditions? How to distinguish them?

The main difference between agoraphobia and social phobia can be found in nature in order to avoid causing fear behavior. People are afraid of social phobia social settings that involve groups of people or crowds.

The fears of social phobia among people with or interactions with other people. For example, a person would feel safe walking alone social phobia in the forest on a secluded beach.

Agoraphobia, on the other hand, fear of open and public spaces, the presence or absence of other people. People agoraphobia usually avoid large crowds or social situations for fear of having a panic attack and embarrassing themselves.

But people with agoraphobia, unlike social phobia, you are afraid to walk alone in the woods or on a secluded beach, it would be no one around, to help if you had a panic attack or medical emergency.

But the good news is you can completely recover from agoraphobia.

Source by Stephen Allen Price

Cure fear of Eating Out – Overcome Phobia eating in public

People who are afraid of eating much more common than the & # 39; d think. Maybe one of them. After all, in our society eating in restaurants is considered a fundamental social activity. Eating together is the glue that holds us together. In some ways, we are no different as described in the Old English epic poem Beowulf kings. By inviting people to eat with us, we'll show them what the "Allies". Most of the rules of etiquette how concern should be taken when eating with others. Restaurants can be arenas of competition and judgment, and shops where friendships are made and broken. It & # 39; s no wonder that eating with others, or in a public place can cause some people to panic. The fear of eating in a common social phobia. Help is out there, however.

If you could be a problem

How do you know if you are experiencing discomfort during meals in restaurants "normal" social anxiety – related, most likely, that the data on the social situation – against the crippling, lifelong phobia of eating in public? Here are some possible signs that there is a certain problem should be dealt with haste restaurants.

When you & # 39; a restaurant or cafe, feels that the other guests staring at you disapprovingly, from the moment you & # 39; ve walked in the door – even & # 39; dressed according to the restaurant and can & # 39; I did nothing wrong? Know before you spend hours getting ready for social events, restaurants – all so long that & # 39; ve missed the event? You can not enjoy your food in restaurants, no matter how perfectly made it? If you & # 39; sitting in a restaurant, you find yourself counting the seconds until you think that & # 39; and the appropriate leave you? These symptoms are crippling phobia. If you want to function normally in society & # 39; and a phobia you & # 39; ll be resolved immediately.

to conventional therapy does not help

Since the time of Sigmund Freud, the usual way to treat anxiety and phobias of all kinds went through intensive, continuous treatment sessions. Whether or not the therapist's analysis is based on a dream, or simply chat with you, these treatments all have one thing in common: take years. Traditional therapists hope to treat phobias by discovering their secrets, long conversations during deep-rooted, often unconscious reasons for years. Unfortunately, the reasons "restaurant phobia" is often complex and multifaceted. Usually there is more than one reason why people are afraid of eating in public, and on top of all people & # 39; s case is different. Traditional therapies take years, and that may be too long.

NLP and hypnotherapy work in this

NLP and hypnotherapy techniques that are likely to cure or reduce It fears faster than conventional therapy. NLP practitioners do not care, why can not the restaurants. All that they do is a qualified person to complete the reaction, a restaurant, a guided step-by-step, controlled clinical setting. They have to train your mind to consciously recognize & # 39; and unconscious reactions and ignore terror. Then, they & # 39; ll train to will away the terror, to turn it into joy, serenity, and simplicity. NLP is more likely than not, you & # 39; ll never be afraid to eat again.

Source by JJ Seymour

Fear of Frogs – How to Overcome Phobia of Frogs Easily

There is a deep-seated fear of frogs? You may feel like you are alone. It all began with Kermit. That was all she wrote, first the pig and then the world was in love frogs. Everyone that is, but you do. Do not worry, you are not as alone as you feel the fear of frogs. Maybe if we all used to hang out with a pig, a bear, and Gonzo (whatever it is that & # 39; s allegedly) sings Rainbow Connections none of them were all awesome.

frogs with Real World

In the real world, frogs are not cuddly, not a beautiful tenor voice, and they are really rather slimy. In other words, it does not really invite kisses fairy princess. The fear of frogs is not new. Perhaps the Frog Prince really is a story about facing fears and go beyond fear of a frog, and overcome the phobia once and for all. Whether you live in a day when princesses and frogs with different meanings. If you have a deep and persistent fear of frogs, there is no reason to be ashamed of. You really are not alone. This is one of the more common phobias out there. The news that really you jump for joy, however, is that it is very easy to use hypnotherapy.

it really necessary to cure this particular Fear?

The fear of frogs, many, not evaluating high on the priority list of things to do. Unless you are passionate about your garden but do not enter for fear of frogs chances of it not fear that it will affect your daily life. If so, you definitely need to make every effort to overcome as quickly as possible. Even if they do not meet regularly frogs fear this may be inconvenient. Children love frogs, how to respond when a child brings home? Can a reptile cage at the zoo without being overwhelmed with panic or fear seeing a frog?

Curing The fear of frogs

There are many ways to go treat the frog phobia. Hypnotherapy and NLP is one of the most effective methods you can follow. It works so well because it teaches your mind to visualize the fear of frogs in this case, a dispassionate point of view. If you remove the fear or just the fear, you are able to see frogs without the panic reflexes kicking. In other words, you are able to maintain control of the situation.

You should avoid immersion programs that put you in a position to face the phobia of frogs head. They are only asking for a full blown panic attack, and even harder to get rid of that fear, if you ever try again. Select a kinder approach that removes the fear of frogs before you face you're so afraid. Get rid of the fear of frogs today and begin to enjoy the best life has to offer without fear.

Source by JJ Seymour

Fear of parasites – not a common phobia

Many individuals there is the fear. You also think the fear is? He said there is a fear of parasites? Did you know that it is a "rare disease" that was recorded by the Office of Rare Diseases? This means that this phobia affects up to two hundred thousand people in the United States. As we continue, we will talk about in this article is the fear of being developed.

This is not a big phobias, like spiders, but nevertheless still fear that a lot of deals. Did you know that some people feel like they've beetles live under your skin? It & # 39; s right to feel as if you have been infected with parasites, even if you do not have them. You see, & # 39; It s all about the brain. The human mind makes us think that there is something, even if you do not know.

How do you know if it is or not? Well, you will if you are really parasites under the skin, see a doctor. During this time, the doctor will take a sample of your skin. If you do not find any skin changes (or parasites), they will be sent to the psycho-dermatologist. It is also looking for help with the issue by visiting a psychiatrist.

I know that when you give your brain messages, it is difficult to understand that these are the wrong ones. If you do not experience the fear of parasites, it is recommended that a psychiatrist for help. One of the most common form of treatment would be in this case the drug. Your doctor will decide if you and determine what works best for you.

Source by Trevor Johnson

Fear of insects – How to Overcome Easily phobia of insects

turns aversion phobia

Fear Ruins Lives

Cure Fear of insects and NLP hypnotherapy

What are you going to learn

Source by JJ Seymour

The Legendary Fast Phobia Cure

The man with a spider phobia walks into a room. His phobia means that it does not even look like a picture of something that looks like a spider without having a panic attack. So it could not help checking the space spiders as he sits in a comfortable chair opposite a therapist. Twenty minutes later, standing in the middle of the room with a spider in her hand and a smile on his face.

is remarkable therapist? Probably not. A fluke? No: this kind of thing happens all the time. Remarkably treatment? Yes man experienced only the Fast Phobia Cure.

what exactly is a phobia cure FAST?

Fast Phobia Cure is perhaps the only reliable and effective tool in psychotherapy today. It is reported that about 90% of the most successful phobias because it does what it says – a cure phobias fast. The above example is very typical for twenty minutes. And does so without the scare tactics, psychological archeology, drugs and older and less effective phobia treatment used by the exposure.

Most of us have experienced traumatic and upsetting events in our lives. If we look back on these events is never pleasant memories, but if they do not upset us at that time.

The phobic, you & # 39; and more. Very different. When reminded of the trauma, they feel much the same as they did during the first time out, even if it was decades ago. They are vivid and affecting memories of the event.

It is these types of memories – held in the emotional part of the brain – that drive and maintain phobias. Such memories are strong and present, reminding them that only bring fear responses. That is, the phobic acts on these memories, so you & # 39; s as if they are experiencing a similar situation again answers – panic, pounding heart, trembling, sweating, the irresistible urge to run.

The other, separated by a traumatic memories – they are more factual and little emotion – because over time, have been processed by logical thinking part of the mind. The phobic, this separation did not happen. But it should be.

Fast Phobia Cure is a fast dissociation process. This allows the sufferer to experience the traumatic memories of a calm and dissociated, or disconnected, state. The other part of the mind – devoid of emotion, rational, thinking mind – and then go to work turning the memories of the ordinary, factual, neutral, non-threatening. Like the memory of what he ate for breakfast. The emotional Member unstuck phobic encounters, the phobia lot of free air. It & # 39; s gone.

The way to achieve this dissociation is that the sufferer imagine watching themselves from a remote, third-party or family situation going through the traumatic event.

The classic scenario is that they imagine themselves in a movie theater watching an old black and white film going through the experience at very high speeds (like watching a video on fast forward). The dissociation can be increased by having them imagine that the projection booth watching themselves are sitting watching a movie theater for the younger self going through the experience. This creates the distance and comfort dissociation occurs.

Then he asked to step into the safe time at the end of the movie and imagine physically rewinding experience with great force. This step is repeated several times. This creates dissociation because the mind has never experienced a traumatic event is back and so is not prepared to answer her fear, and experience the calm. The memory of the brain recoded and saved less emotional charge attached to it.

These steps Phobia Cure is fast. They are running the most traumatic memories around the phobia – typically three or four such memories are used – and this process can take just five minutes.

Variations on the Fast Phobia Cure possible to change the cinema scenario to just watching a television screen, or imagine witnessing the event, as an outsider from a helicopter, or a bird's eye view, or seeing it played out on the stage. Or, if your memory is much more comfortable to watch them "the director & # 39; s cut" by adding your own music (light or silly music is often used) and changing something about the way he looked in the creative and humorous way.

measuring and testing changes

before, during and after a quick run Phobia Cure, the individual asked to evaluate how unpleasant the whole traumatic memories. Very high levels of discomfort quickly reduced to zero, or thereabouts when the fast Phobia Cure is running. Such rapid change is often a shock and delight to the subjects.

The last step is to test the new search of answers to the old trigger (the spider goes hunting the man in the example above). Again, subjects are usually surprised at how reluctant they are to do so, and the feeling that I'm not afraid to trigger the entire region. For many, it seems really amazing. But the rapid Phobia Cure's no wonder: & # 39; It s just based on good brain science, on current neurology.

The benefits of

and reliability, rapid Phobia Cure the three most important advantages of traditional phobia treatments.

First, as the name suggests, the & # 39; s fast. The treatment is usually only one session. The mind learns very quickly. It is learned that phobic very quickly, probably in a matter of seconds. Learning how not to be phobic again, and necessarily equally fast. As long as the treatment is not painful required.

Second, it & # 39; s safe. There is no direct confrontation with the phobic trigger and the phobic relaxed and comfortable throughout the treatment.

Third, it & # 39; and non-intrusive. As the "movies" of the patient & # 39; s, the therapist does not need to know the exact details of the traumatic memory or phobic encounters.

Why are not more widely available?

Fast Phobia Cure remarkable management can be learned and used by any competent therapist. But it & # 39; and not widely used. Post why?

The answer seems to work very well. And too fast. It can be done in minutes and easily within a single therapy session. And there & # 39; s the rub: therapists using the fast phobia Cure probably need to be a customer only once, so not a lot of money. And the traditional old-school therapists and counselors when faced with a quick, painless results start to question their own models of long, lingering pain therapy.

Source by Guy Baglow

Understanding the Differences Between OCD and phobias

Sometimes it can be difficult to distinguish between OCD and phobia. In a sense, with the most anxiety sufferers have an obsession – if you spend all your time worrying about panic attacks or find a spider or you meet someone on the street, you obsessed to some extent. And we can say that behavior like spiders constantly checking the room or crossing the road to avoid a meeting, there is an element of compulsion for them.

But there is an extra dimension to OCD, which is the relationship between obsessions and compulsion. A person with OCD usually have a strong feeling that there is a need to provide the force, or turn into something terrible consequences, and almost always they also feel that they are not forced, in a certain way, like a ritual.

So, if you are afraid of spiders and verify that each room for them, you have a phobia. If you feel that a spider will be left in the room is likely to bring misfortune or harm to yourself or your family, and if you check the room the same way every time you have OCD. Similarly, he worried about the safety of any home, make sure that they have closed the door, while someone with OCD can check several times, and the final release.

OCD may exist among other anxiety disorders such as social and health phobias and depression.

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) [1945901million]

This is caused by exposure to danger or abuse. The classification of any anxiety disorder were events that happened in the past, not the fears that what happens in the future. Most people who experience traumatic events, such as road / rail / air accidents or incidents involving violence can expect to see associated with at least some disturbing physical and emotional reactions and shock.

Generally, these short-lived. Support from family and friends, the possible short-term technical assistance is usually enough to help them through it. Very few people will develop PTSD, which remains strong reaction for a long time, usually it feels to re-live the trauma and unable to resume a normal life.

PTSD need specialized treatment, so we do not recommend trying to self-help.

The children and young people

Where children are concerned, although you may be having problems, which show many of the same features as the adult Anxiety disorders , I do not recommend trying to adapt to a self-help approach, without advice.

Most children go through a phase when they are afraid of strange things – they are part of normal development and are usually outgrown. If the problem persists even far beyond the expected life or cause serious disturbance to the child & # 39; s daily life and forming relationships, some professional help and guidance may be needed.

It is preferable that the appropriate assessment which takes into account the child & # 39; s general health, overall development and any factors in the environment or that may contribute to the family.

keeping an anxiety diary

It & # 39; s time to get out a notebook and start a diary. Anxiety is a simple log record for the anxious feelings every day. It & # 39; It s important to describe the anxiety scores at least twice a day, but there is no need to try to explain every minute of the day. But do not leave until the end of the week, and try to remember everything because you can not quite remember exactly.

I do every day you will find that they tend to pick the wrong time, and ignore the relatively good weather. The important thing is to learn to evaluate ordained by anxiety. Be honest, but you will ever see in the log.

Source by Michelle Spencer

blushing phobia – When it becomes flushed Fear

Blushing Phobia, or rather Erythrobia, carried by a very common chronic blushers and learned fear. Excessive blushing blush a phobia should not be confused with the original cause of fear blushing. In general, the blushing problem arises from the fact that a person is engaged is unknown, yet treatable health issues with deeply rooted sense. It may seem like a cruel joke when the fear of blushing becomes another reason for blushing turned something as debilitating as a phobia that disrupts daily life.

Erythrobia occurs when a blusher expects to blush, fears blushing in front of people, and is terrified about what other people think. This is a very traumatizing phobia, because no one wants his or her emotions to be so transparent. Sufferers of chronic blushing feel that & # 39; walking around with a big sign on your forehead that "I & # 39;! m nervous" or "I feel shy!" The intense fear of blushing and fear of certain situations where people will see that the red-faces are all part of developing Erythrobia. Other sub-phobias can emerge … as fears of specific people or places. It can be very devastating and blush can start experiencing depression. If this is the case, try to avoid depression or anxiety drugs such as when a blushing problem is cured, these symptoms will fade as you regain confidence.

If someone has a Blushing Phobia, the actual blushing occurs in response to the expectation that AND the blushers tend to send the body into a state of fight or flight during operation. Wanting the blushing to stop, and wanting to escape at one time causes most people to tense up and hold your breath or breathe shallowly. Breathing shallowly to the brain indicating that this is a threatening situation in which the pain is involved. That's why one of the best ways to conquer the phobia started blushing blushing during attacks when breathing deeply and relaxing. It seems very unnatural at first, but try to practice every chance you get. You might even notice a difference within a few days.

This is only the first step though. The blushing phobia, phobia or for that matter, strongly interwoven into who you are – your daily routine, thoughts and perceptions. Erythrobia the manifestation of all fears around blushing: the skin looks in front of people, you & # 39; It s really noticeable when people are judging you if your friends it's weird, etc. Blushers find the best day for relief hypnosis and meditation, through which you & # 39; You'll find that blushing is not something to be afraid of you & # 39; ll see yourself starting to control it. After no time at all, a Blushing Phobia will be a thing of the past and the & # 39; ll start looking forward to the social events, dates, appointments, and so on.

One of the best things a blush of Erythrobia can do is join a forum where people with social anxiety will also discuss how they feel. This helps to reduce the feeling of loneliness, and shows that the & # 39; You are not alone.

Source by Kathleen Timm

exam phobia

Have you ever felt an exam or a test, you can`t remember names, dates, numbers, diligently studied the whole course? The mind is blank, you can`t collect his thoughts, fatigue, legs shaking, and all you want to do run away? Or maybe he felt so frightened before an exam, she could not study properly or revise?

If the answer is `Yes` one or more of the above questions, you may be suffering from exam phobia is defined as an irrational, oppressive, excessive and uncontrollable fear or dislike of exams.

Everyone is nervous before or during exams. While fear of experiencing a positive thing because it can motivate you to work harder phobia other hand, an amplified terror, which has a negative impact on life. Phobia will make your life very difficult as you do everything that you do not or can not go wrong if this `huge pain` survive the dreaded situation. In this state, you can not access your full potential and achieve the results you deserve.

exam phobia is very similar to the fear of public speaking.

So how to recognize phobia? What is a phobia? Can you cure exam phobia?

Let`s say good student who has been studying diligently throughout the year. You are ambitious, you know that this exam is very important, you want to pass. There is perhaps even more pressure from parents who want you (ie, the beloved children's) the best. We want to be the best as well and you do not want to disappoint your parents. observed prior to an examination of physical symptoms, such as insomnia, abdominal cramps, diarrhea. You may not be able to eat, or eat too much. You start wondering good enough to pass the exam. The confidence goes down. You start to believe you can not. I imagine all the negative consequences. You will be nervous. Do you feel overwhelmed. You feel it. You start sweating or perhaps headaches. You begin to wonder whether there is sense to review it fails anyway.

At this point, the fact that the course proved that they understood the topic and discuss it with great insight and intelligence will be important. You're so nervous that you start to panic, your mind goes blank, your heart starts beating, fear becomes so overwhelming that he could not breathe. During the exam you through remembers well known facts, figures, names and dates. You can not summon up any of the facts, or that any argument or a coherent discussion.

You may know a rational level that the test is not a death sentence. This is just an assessment of how well recognized that the topic and how good the teacher is already having certain knowledge for you. Did he perform the duty to prepare for the exam, and have no need to fear the consequences if you can not answer all your questions. Even if it is not always possible to repeat the exam. This does not matter if you are suffering from exam phobia.

However, there is some good news for you. Phobias are quite common (nothing to be ashamed of) and highly treatable. It is possible to cure phobia so I encourage you to ask for help.

Imagine what your life would look like without examination phobia.

Source by Ana E Johnson

Phobias – Ayurvedic Herbal Treatment

The overwhelming phobia and unreasonable fear of an object or situation that poses little real threat. The phobia of long-term disease that can cause intense physical and psychological stress and can affect a person & # 39; s ability to function normally at work and in social settings. Phobias can be divided into specific phobias, social phobia and fear of open spaces, which is called agoraphobia. Specific phobias are further divided into fear of enclosed spaces (claustrophobia); Fear of animals (zoophobia); acrophobia (fear of heights); Fear of flying (pterygophobia); fear of water (rabies) and fear of surgery, injections, tunnels, bridges, etc. Genetics, a neurotransmitter in the brain disorder and traumatic experiences seem to affect the development of phobias.

All phobias can be treated with cognitive behavioral therapy quite well. In addition, the drugs may be required to social phobia and agoraphobia. Ayurvedic drugs can be used to treat depression, anxiety, palpitations and hypertension. Medications like Jatamansi (Nardostachys Jatamansi) Shankhpushpi (Convolvulus pluricaulis) Khurasani ova (Hyosciamus niger) and Jayphal (Myristica fragrans) is used as a sedative. The treatment of depression, drugs like Vacha (Acorus calamus), Jyotishmati (Celastrus paniculata), Laxmi-Vilas-Ras and Shrung-Bhasma used. The signs and symptoms of fear, such as increased heart rate, high blood pressure, pounding heart, trembling voice and limbs, can be treated with medicines like Brahmi (Bacopa Monnieri) Mandukparni (Centella asiatica), Jatamansi, Sarpagandha (Rauwolfia serpentina) Saraswatarishta, Arjunarishta, Dashmoolarishta, Tankan (purified borax) and Arjun (Terminalia Arjuna).

similar drugs Makar-Dhwaj- Ras, Maha Laxmi-Vilas-Ras, Bruhat-Vat-Chintamani, Suvarna-Bhasma, Abhrak-Bhasma and Trivang-Bhasma used in conjunction with a very minute doses of the drugs mentioned above that the creation of a rapid response and to help prevent recurrence of symptoms. Panchkarma Ayurvedic methods such as & # 39; Shirodhara & # 39; and & # 39; Shirobasti & # 39; sedatives can operate effectively reduces anxiety and panic attacks. Panchkarma Another method known as the & # 39; Nasya & # 39; you can use for the treatment of depression with powerful stimulant, nasal drops, medicated Vacha, Sunthi (Zinziber officinalis) and Pippali (Piper longum).

Because phobias often develop at a young age, it is important that parents talk openly about fears and that positive approaches fears and phobias, in order to preventing children from falling victims to these terms. If you develop phobias, direct or gradual rather than confrontation is recommended to avoid the object or situation.

Source by Abdulmubeen Mundewadi


Describe market and non-market factors that can affect stakeholder relationships and corporate governance

Factors that affect stakeholder relationships and corporate governance are classified as market factors, which originate from capital markets, and non-market factors, which do not.

Market factors

Market factors include shareholder engagement, shareholder activism and competitive forces.

  • Shareholder engagement: companies have realized it is useful to continuously engage shareholders year-round, and not just in annual general meetings. This can help companies fight out short-term activist investors, proxy battles, etc.
  • Shareholder activism refers to strategies used by shareholders to compel a company and its management to act in a desired manner. Even though it may have social or political factors, the primary goal is to increase shareholder value. Shareholder activists engage in proxy battles, propose shareholder resolutions, create awareness, initiate shareholder derivative lawsuits—lawsuits against a company’s management or board of directors (which may be restricted in certain jurisdictions). Hedge funds have greater room to act as activist shareholders.
  • Competitions and takeovers: when there is competition, management realizes that they must perform well or else lose their jobs. Similarly, when there is an active takeover market, management knows that shareholders may replace them with another group if they do not do well. Corporate takeovers can be executed via proxy contest (proxy fight) in which shareholders are persuaded to vote for directors of a new group of investors seeking controlling positions, or tender offer, in which shareholders sell their shares to the controlling group, or hostile takeover, in which a company attempts to acquire another company without approval of its management.

However, these market forces may have counterproductive effects too. For example, management may adopt anti-takeover measures, such as staggered board, because all of the directors may be replaced in a single election, shareholders rights plan (poison pill), in which a company entitles its shareholders to buy shares at a discount if a company is taken over. This increases the cost of takeover and reduces its likelihood.

Non-market factors

Non-market factors include a company’s legal environment, the role of the media, and the corporate governance industry.

  • Legal environment: countries with common law (UK, US) generally offer better protection to shareholders and creditors than the civil law countries. It is because in civil law jurisdictions, a judge cannot create a law but must follow a statute solely; while in common law countries, a court’s decision is based on both statues and/or judicial opinions. In the common law system, shareholders or creditors may appeal to judge against management actions. Regardless of the legal system, creditors generally have better success in enforcing their rights because their relationship is not as complex as those of shareholders.
  • Media: media has enabled fast dissemination of information which has reduced the cost of monitoring management activities. Further, it has motivated politicians and regulators to promulgate and implement new laws and regulations. Social media has been particularly disruptive because it has enabled all stakeholders to voice their opinions.
  • The corporate governance industry: as a result of increased focus on corporate governance, an industry has developed which includes companies that provide governance monitoring, governance ratings and proxy advice. Since this industry is concentrated, companies must pay attention to what they have to say.


Interview Series

Industry Exposed with Helpshift: “Success depends on your most loyal users coming back”

Welcome back to our Industry Exposed series! For this first instalment in 2016, we welcome Abinash Tripathy, co-founder and CEO of Helpshift, a platform that enables app developers to communicate with their users and customers in order to engage and retain them. Abinash gives some detailed and comprehensive answers on some of the most important aspects of managing an app community.


The main symbol of the Wild West in the photo from the satellite

Monument Valley – the quintessence of the Wild West and, probably, one of the most photographed places on Earth. The valley covers about 37,000 hectares along the border of the states of Arizona and Utah. You could see this cult landscape in American westerns, where Hollywood stars rode horseback across the sandy plains among the towering sandstone pillars that dot the Navajo Tribal Park.

Formed in the Permian period, this piece of land was once part of the seabed where sedimentary rocks and sandstone formed into layers for millions of years. Tectonic forces raised the plate above the water line and created a plateau. Then, water and wind removed the softer materials from the sedimentary rock, forming the towering structures that we see today.

A composite image in natural color, allowing you to sense the topography of the terrain, was made from data obtained on May 8 by the OLI instrument on the Landsat-8 satellite and the National Elevation Dataset of the US Geological Survey.

The second image was received by the same satellite on November 14, 2016. The shadows in this picture, taken by a camera directed straight down, give some idea of the differences in height between mezes and butes that extend 120-300 meters above the valley floor level. The bottom consists of sand and siltstone and looks red due to the presence of iron oxides, while manganese oxide forms some blue-gray rocks. A similar landscape was discovered on Mars and was named after this valley.

According to available information, the first people in the area were the Anasazi Indians, who settled here in 1200 BC. e. and created pictograms that can be seen today. Now this area is home to the Navajo, one of the largest tribes of American Indians. Monument Valley, called in the language of the tribe Tsé Bii ‘Ndzisgaii (“Valley of the rocks”), is technically not considered a national park and is managed by the Department of Parks and Recreation Navajo. Tourists can travel to U.S. Route 163, the only road that passes through the park, or set off on horseback accompanied by a local guide.

Notify of
Inline Feedbacks
View all comments
Would love your thoughts, please comment.x


Optimization Of Scilab Instances On Server

The project is about optimizing http://cloud.scilab.in/ to reduce total response time experienced by users after hitting execute button. In existing implementation, a scilab instance is created for each user request which loads all scilab libraries in the background while executing the script from the website. All Users experience delay to get output due to the load time required for these libraries. Scilab instances are terminated after the execution is completed.

The major idea of this project was to avoid the creation of scilab instance and hence load scilab libraries for each user request. The proposed solution was to have running scilab instances available to cater to user’s requests. The implementation of proposed solution was achieved via the two stages given below.

Stage1: We kept the scilab instances alive and running in the server using pexpect. Pexpect is a pure python module. Loading of scilab instances for each request is being avoided by using pexpect.

Stage2: Creation of additional Scilab instances are done dynamic based on the load on the server. If the load on the server is low, the only minimum number of scilab instances are made available to run scripts. Here is an example to explain the scenario, suppose 4 scilab instances are available and all these 4 are busy then a new request comes from a user. In this case, proposed implementation spawn (create) new scilab instance and assign it to the new request. The server can now handle 5 requests at a time. This process goes on until a fixed scilab instances indicating maximum allowed number of instances are being spawned. This number is set based on hardware availability of the server. What happens in the case when there are no users accessing the website?

Well, in cases like this, many of the active scilab instances are residing in the server without any work. We implemented an infinite thread (method) running in the back end to check the number of scilab instances working in the server and the number that are idle. This method then kills the scilab instances which are not working and does the same for the next interval as well. This process goes on until there is only one scilab instance in the server because we are assuming that anytime any user can access our website. This way the memory efficiency and speed are achieved in our project.

Mentor’s View

It was a great pleasure to know and work with my interns Divakar, Meghana and Sumanth. They achieved the project objective of optimizing code execution on http://cloud.scilab.in/ with an overall decrease in execution time and improve execution efficiency on the server. I would also like to thank the Python team at FOSSEE, especially Ankit J and Mahesh Gudi for their timely feedback and ideas on the project.

-Arun KP (Project Research Engineer, FOSSEE, IIT Bombay)

FOSSEE intern:

“IIT Bombay changed my life. This ekalavya camp for interns should continue and putting more open source projects is helpful.”

-Sumanth Pole (Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies)


5 weeks pregnant mother

Question: I m 4 week pregnant. N having pain in my abdomen after wake up

1 Answers
Answer: Hi dear such problem. With minor cramping is normal and it will stay till delivery as these are due to the stretching of round ligament which increase it's size to give more space to ur baby.
Similar Questions with Answers
Question: I m 3 week pregnant and i am having pain in my stomach and lower abdomen
Answer: Hi Dear! A little pain here and thr in pregnancy is common beçz your body gets prepared to accomodate the baby in body and a lot of stretching pulling loosening of muscles happen in the body which causes this pain, cramps heaviness etc. dont worry they r on & off and not continuous..Hv a lot of water.. Hope this helps!
»Read All Answers
Question: M 22 week pregnant and having pressure pain kind of in pelvic area and inner thighs pain when ever i wake up
Answer: Its common andi....its due to growing baby n expanding uterus pressures on ur pelvic area....eat well n stay happy everything will be fine
»Read All Answers
Question: Hello, i m 9 week pregnant having cold n pain in lower abdomen
»Read All Answers


Cheetahs (Spanish)

Cheetahs (Spanish)

Brandle, Marie

Series: Big Cats (Spanish)
Library Bound

In Cheetahs, beginning readers will learn about cheetahs and their cubs. Vibrant, full-color photos and carefully leveled text will engage young readers as they are introduced to cheetahs' appearance, diet, behaviors, and habitats.

Character 1: -
Character 2: -
Copyright: 2021
Size: 7.75 x 7.7
Pages: 24
Interest Grade: PK- Grade 1
Classification: Nonfiction
GRL: -
AR: -
RC: -
Dewey: 599.75
Language: Spanish
Penworthy Release: 01-2021
ISBN: 9781645278641
Item #: 49218
Onhand Quantity : 24
Review: -

Price: $17.95

Key words: Animals, big cats, wildlife, tails, lions, tigers, cubs, behaviors, diet, appearance
Science, Picture, Nonfiction , Jump!, Inc.

All titles in the 'Big Cats (Spanish)' Set (6 Titles at $107.70) SEE ALL >

How fast can a cheetah run? Why do tigers have stripes? Find the answers to these questions and more in Big Cats! Bright, full-color photographs and photo labels complement the carefully leveled text to make reading for understanding easy and fun.

Similar Titles (23 Titles at $415.89) SEE ALL >


Slide background
Slide background
Slide background
Slide background
Slide background
Slide background
Slide background
Slide background

Kant’s views about the nature of morality are put forward in his short work entitled ‘Groundwork on the Metaphysic of Morals’, first published in 1785 (the book is also sometimes referred to as ‘Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals’). Kant is the first philosopher to stress the importance to morality of *duty*, and of doing one’s duty for duty’s sake. (The term ‘deontological’ which is often used in referring to Kant’s moral theory, comes from the Greek word ‘deon’ meaning duty.) Deontological moral theories in general are in sharp contrast to consequentialist ones (e.g. which might require using someone as a means to an end - a notion that Biden brazenly claims to eschew in his speech mentioned above). For example, according to Kant, the *actual* consequences of our actions are irrelevant for the purposes of assessing their moral rectitude. His moral theory is thus in sharp contrast to utilitarianism and ethical egoism, which are both consequentialist in nature. Biden’s political history has been notoriously consequentialist, not deontological. Just like Hillary and Donald, he lies a lot. Lying is something that Kant expressly rejects but which is typically required by consequentialism. For example Biden is nowhere near the most progressive candidate for 2020, contrary to his claim that he is indeed the most progressive.

We normally think of the notion of duty as invoking specific requirements, arising due to one’s position in a particular setting; e.g. a social or economic one. For instance one has specific duties as a parent, employer, employee, etc. However, Kant’s notion of duty is much more general than this specific notion. In abstracting the concept of duty from its more usual specific sense, Kant wants to dissociate this more general notion from the idea that the reason one should fulfill one’s duty is in order that particular human social institutions can function properly.

As Richard Norman puts it in chapter six of his book ‘The Moral Philosophers’ (p.71):

‘The fulfillment of ‘duty’ becomes simply an abstract moral requirement, not something required for the effective functioning of human social institutions. Duty is to be performed entirely for its own sake, not in order to promote human happiness or fulfillment.’

When does an action have moral worth?

For Kant, for an action to have any moral worth, it must be performed for the sake of duty, and one acts for the sake of duty if one acts with the right intention or motive (i.e. one acts with a ‘good will’). To act with the right intention/motive is to do what one believes to be right simply because (one believes) that it is the right thing to do. One question that arises at this point, however, is whether Kant allows that an act can have moral worth if it is done from *mixed motives*, e.g. done because one can see that it is the right thing to do, but also e.g. because one is inclined to act like that (e.g. altruistically) anyway. Some philosophers have argued that on a charitable interpretation of Kant, he should be understood as saying that an action *can* have moral worth if it is done out of inclination, but only to the extent that it is done out of duty too. To put the same point slightly differently, it is being suggested that Kant thinks that *only if you would have done the action in question out of a sense of duty anyway* (i.e. even if you hadn’t been inclined to act like that too), can it count as having moral worth when you *are* inclined to so act.

Of course, when someone is inclined to act altruistically, it is more difficult in that situation to determine whether the act is done out of a sense of duty too. It is easier to tell that an action has moral worth when motives conflict; such that one acts out of a sense of duty even when it is obvious that one is not inclined to act like that.

For example, Biden has a history of inappropriate conduct with women: he is inclined to be a bit creepy. If Joe Biden had done more to defend Anita Hill during the Clarence Thomas Supreme Court hearings in 1991 (which he now claims would have been the right thing to do), this would have been evidence that he puts moral duty above self-interest. However, Biden “did not permit other witnesses to testify further on her behalf, such as Angela Wright (who made a similar charge) and experts on harassment” (Wikipedia on Joe Biden). Biden was Chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee at the time and could have allowed Wright to testify, yet he refused (much like how witnesses were not allowed to testify during Brett Kavanaugh’s more recent Supreme Court hearing (following a hands-tied-behind-their-back one week FBI ‘investigation’)).

This is evidence that Biden is disingenuous in 2019 in letting people think that he believes that people should not be used as a means to an end. He still refuses to admit that he intended to do anything wrong, regarding Anita Hill. He clearly did not intend to do what is morally right with respect to the Kantian view he now professes to espouse.

Similarly, Biden claimed to be pro-choice in the face of recent (May 2019) attempts in southern states (Alabama in particular) to outlaw virtually all abortion. Those against abortion are hoping that this issue will eventually come before the Supreme Court (which currently has a conservative majority). If Biden’s political voting record had clearly showed he was in favor of pro-choice despite his personal Catholic religious views, this would have been evidence that he regarded it his moral duty to promote the (constitutional, secular) idea of a woman’s right to control her own body, despite personal religious self-interest (i.e. being prevented by the Catholic hierarchy from talking at Catholic schools etc.). Biden wants to pretend that a reconciliation between a secular and non-secular (Catholic) view of morality is possible.

As he has explicitly claimed - he thinks life begins at conception but doesn’t want to (federally) impose that view on you. That claim was less than convincing since Biden has voted in Congress that individual states should have the right to overturn Roe v Wade. Biden thus is ok with state legislature imposing their views on abortion (just like Trump) whilst appearing to be in favor of abortion at the federal level. You can’t consistently be in favor of pro-choice in one state but not in another. Biden fails the Kantian ethics test here - if something is morally permissible in one context, it’s permissible in all similar contexts.

Consider also whether he passes the moral duty test on the issue of gay rights as a Catholic, or on a bold plan to combat climate change as a corporatist whose first act the day he officially announced was to meet with Comcast executives? As an African-American, do you think Biden’s crime-bill was motivated by his sense of moral duty or rather political self-interest?

Kant gives the example of a shopkeeper’s honest treatment of her customers to illustrate his point about the importance to morality of particular actions being done with the right motive. He isolates three different motives which might underlie the shopkeeper’s overt, outward behavior towards her customers. First, the shopkeeper’s motive might be self-interest; her honesty might be explained by the fact that she thinks that by treating her customers fairly, her business will benefit. Secondly, the shopkeeper might treat her customers honestly due to inclination to treat them like that – she might just enjoy being honest for example. Third, the shopkeeper may act as she does just because that’s what she thinks one ought to do, morally speaking. Only if the shopkeeper acts with this final sort of motive does her behavior towards her customers have any moral worth, Kant thinks. (One may personally like someone because of their philanthropy, but this has no bearing on whether their action has any moral worth, thinks Kant. Similarly, although it may not necessarily be wrong to act out of self-interest, such a motive is not morally praiseworthy, in Kant’s view.)

So, in order for an act to be morally right, it must be done with the right sort of motive. However, this is not all that is required; an act must also be morally permissible in order for the act to be morally right. Kant claims that we can discriminate between morally permissible and impermissible acts by subjecting the acts in question to a test – that supplied by the categorical imperative.

Kant’s categorical imperative

There is, strictly speaking, only one categorical imperative (three other formulations are allegedly derived from this one). It can be stated as follows:

(‘Act only so as to treat humanity, whether in your own person or in that of any other, never solely as a means but always also as an end.’ derives from the above main categorical imperative according to Kant.)

Kant claims that moral requirements are categorical, i.e. unconditional, strictly binding, and independent of our interests or projects, applying equally to everyone who can act morally – they are objective in that sense. He contrasts categorical imperatives with hypothetical imperatives, which are conditional upon our interests and desires. For example, the following is an instance of a hypothetical imperative:

If you want to become President of the United States of America, you should lie about your past and be vague about your future policies

Note the conditional form of the imperative (‘imperative’ means ‘command’). *Given the hypothesis* that you want to get to become President, then you should lie. But if you don’t want to become President, no reason has been given why you should lie. If I’d made the above conditional statement to you, but it turned out that you weren’t running for President, then I should be required to *withdraw* my claim that you should lie.

However, Kant thinks that moral requirements are not hypothetical, but are rather categorical in nature. Moral requirements are not conditional upon our particular goals or interests, only binding on us assuming the hypothesis that we happen to want certain things. On the contrary, moral requirements (e.g. ‘you ought to tell the truth’) are supposed to provide us with *a reason for acting* (e.g. telling the truth, keeping promises etc.) *regardless* of what our goals, desires, or interests are. Moral requirements are categorical, claims Kant, involving imperatives of the form ‘you should do X!’.

Kant’s main categorical imperative involves some rather technical terminology. One important term which appears in it is ‘maxim’. We can understand a maxim as a subjective general principle or rule, which we take to justify an action in a particular case. For example, if I (as President of the U.S.A.) want more money for my billionaire friends and can get some by throwing thirty million people off their health insurance, then I will do so even though I know I have no health insurance alternative for the thirty million people in question. My maxim in performing the act of asking for the money could be stated as follows:

Whenever I want money for my billionaire friends and can get it by throwing 30 million people off their health insurance, then I will do that even though I know I haven’t got any health insurance alternative for such people (I lied about promising them a better insurance plan).

The maxim is general, since if I adopt it, I commit myself to behaving in the described way *whenever* I want money (as President) and the other conditions are satisfied – i.e. not just in this one case. Since money is debt, I can run up debt with other countries e.g. China, depending on the U.S. military to prevent me from having to pay back that debt. So if I want more money for my billionaire friends I will lie about there being a need for a war in Iraq (promoting Halliburton stock like Dick Cheney did) or Iran, North Korea. etc.

The essence of Kant’s main categorical imperative is that whatever I (e.g. as President of the U.S.A.) consider doing, in order for it to be morally permissible, it must be something that I could consistently (i.e. without contradiction) accept that all (e.g. American Presidents) do.

Application of the categorical imperative

According to Kant, we have a duty to refrain from making lying promises, a duty to refrain from suicide, a duty to develop our talents, and a duty to help others. Just considering the first of these four examples, Kant thinks that an action is morally permissible only if its underlying maxim can be willed to become a universal law. So, in particular, the action of making a lying promise is only morally permissible if its underlying maxim could be willed to become a universal law. In the case of the President of the USA, the maxim could be stated as follows:

When I want money (for me and my friends) and can get some by borrowing it on a false promise, then I shall borrow the money and promise to repay, even though I know that I won’t be able to repay (but the U.S. military will ensure that I won’t have to repay).

However, if one attempts to will that this maxim could become a universal law (i.e. that the maxim is generally applicable), one attempts to will the following:

Whenever *any* President wants money for himself / herself and friends and can get some by borrowing it on a false promise, then he / she will borrow the money and promise to repay it, even though he / she knows that he / she won’t be able to repay (but the U.S. military funded by your taxes will ensure that he / she won’t have to repay).

Kant would argue that if the individually applicable maxim were to be accepted as a universal law, applying to any President, the possibility of gaining an advantage from one’s own act of lying as President would be undermined. For if the maxim were universally accepted, no one should believe that whenever some other President promised they would pay back some money, that they were being told the truth. But a necessary condition for the success of one’s own lie is that it *is* believed. So to will that everyone accept this maxim would be to will a situation in which gaining money from the act of making a false promise is impossible. No one should be foolish enough to lend someone else money on the basis that the other person promises to pay the money back, if everyone accepts that anyone can promise to pay back money even when they have no intention of doing so.

Kant thinks that if one tries to will that the above maxim be universally accepted, one can see that one can’t do it, since one would be willing that everyone can act according to that maxim, and make lying promises to try to borrow money, but in doing so one would also be willing a situation in which no one could make lying promises to try to borrow money. (A necessary condition for making a lying promise is that it is believed, but this is precisely what is being ruled out by willing that everyone can make lying promises.) Since this is so, says Kant, no one can consistently will that the maxim underlying making such a lying promise could become a universal law. So according to the categorical imperative, making such a lying promise is not morally permissible.

Kant had not foreseen the American corporate main stream media propaganda machine, whose function it is to fool you into believing the lies of politicians, especially with regard to war.

Bernie Sanders’ record, rather than Joe Biden’s is one of acting from a sense of moral duty. Unlike Biden, Bernie has put moral duty before self-interest his whole life in fighting for progressive issues and policies when it was unpopular to do so e.g. opposing regime change wars, espousing a minimum livable wage, advocating true Medicare for all, free college tuition, criminal justice reform, bold action on climate change etc.

Joe Biden is not a Kantian, despite his Pittsburgh speech writers’ claims to the contrary. He is another ethical egoist (just like Hillary and Trump) who think that lying (or anything at all) is morally acceptable if it furthers their own (i.e. their corporate donors’) political interests.

Jake Tapper of CNN introduces this next vid claiming that Joe Biden is towering over Democratic competitors for the party’s nomination for President in Spring 2019. That claim was based on skewed polls in which the views of Democratic Party voters under the age of 50 were not represented, whilst the views of such voters older than 50 were over-represented.


10th Class Science Metals and Non-metals Question Bank 10th CBSE Science Metals and Non-metals

  • question_answer
      Give reasons: (i) Reactivity of Al decreases if it is dipped in HNO3                                        [NCERT Exemplar] (ii)Carbon cannot reduce the oxides of Na or Mg. (iii) Nad is not a conductor of electricity in solid state whereas it does conduct electricity in aqueous solution as well as in molten state. (iv) Metals like Na, K, Ca and Mg are never found in their free state in nature.

                      (i) Due to the formation of a layer of oxide, i.e., Al2O3. (ii) Na or Mg are more reactive metals as compared to carbon. (iii) (in) In solid NaCI, the movement of ions is not possible due to its rigid structure but in aqueous solution or molten state, the ions can move freely. (iv) They are highly reactive.

You need to login to perform this action.
You will be redirected in 3 sec spinner


Question: What Type Of Government Did Hobbes Believe In?

What does Hobbes say about war?

Hobbes also considers humans to be naturally vainglorious and so seek to dominate others and demand their respect.

The natural condition of mankind, according to Hobbes, is a state of war in which life is “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short” because individuals are in a “war of all against all” (L 186)..

What is the Leviathan according to Hobbes?

What is Hobbes view on human nature?

Hobbes believed that in man’s natural state, moral ideas do not exist. Thus, in speaking of human nature, he defines good simply as that which people desire and evil as that which they avoid, at least in the state of nature. Hobbes uses these definitions as bases for explaining a variety of emotions and behaviors.

What is Hobbes social contract theory?

The condition in which people give up some individual liberty in exchange for some common security is the Social Contract. Hobbes defines contract as “the mutual transferring of right.” In the state of nature, everyone has the right to everything – there are no limits to the right of natural liberty.

What did Locke say about government?

Locke believed that in a state of nature, no one’s life, liberty or property would be safe because there would be no government or laws to protect them. This is why people agreed to form governments. According to Locke, governments do no exist until people create them.

What did Hobbes believe about government?

What were Locke and Montesquieu’s views on government?

They read John Locke’s work about natural law and the social contract, and Baron de Montesquieu’s work about separation of powers. Locke believed that the purpose of government is to protect individual liberties and the natural rights of life, liberty and property.

What type of government does Hobbes support and why?

What is the difference between Locke and Hobbes?

Locke believed that we have the right to life as well as the right to just and impartial protection of our property. Any violation of the social contract would one in a state of war with his fellow countrymen. Conversely, Hobbes believed that if you simply do what you are told, you are safe.

Did Thomas Hobbes believe in democracy?

Hobbes social contract is not about democracy. On the contrary, his contract defines that citizens should band together and jointly submit to the rule of a strong and autocratic king. Such an unlimited power is namely the only measure, that can check the greed and selfishness of man, and ensure law and order.

Why did Hobbes think absolute monarchy was the best form of government?

Because of Hobbes’ pessimistic view of human nature, he believed the only form of government strong enough to hold humanity’s cruel impulses in check was absolute monarchy, where a king wielded supreme and unchecked power over his subjects.


These are turbulent times, particularly for accountants, says ACCA Council member Sharon Critchlow. We like order and controls, yet now we have a business, social and community environment which is anything but under control.

Clients and colleagues may be looking to us to find a solid solution in an ever-changing situation. However, our need to do the best job possible while under this pressure can feel overwhelming.

Having examined initial structures for the change to home working and keeping your team on track it is now time to focus on yourself.

Here are three thoughts to help you to thrive:

Take a tip from emotional intelligence

Emotional intelligence starts with self-awareness and being able to identify your emotions as they arise. If you are feeling “stressed”, is it really fear, overwhelm or confusion?

Describe to yourself in as much detail as you can, how you really feel. Write it down if it helps you to get your thoughts straight.

Acknowledge that your thoughts are justified and understand that emotions are not good or bad, they are just emotions. If you feel you can share it with someone else, it may help to get clarity. Understanding what it really is may help you to avoid being in that position too often and allow you to build an appropriate response mechanism.

When you feel this emotion rising, pause and acknowledge it. Then decide what outcome you would like. While lots of our buttons may get pushed, we can always choose how we react. Outcome-focused responses focus on the long-term result and the bigger picture.

You can also improve your emotional intelligence by:

  • Controlling your self-talk. What are you telling yourself? Replace judgement statements such as ‘I’m an idiot’ with factual statements such as ‘I made a mistake’ and accept responsibility for your actions.
  • Speaking to someone who is not emotionally invested to get a wider perspective.
  • Visiting your personal values and deciding if your actions or responses reflect your values.

Mastering emotional intelligence, or Emotional Quotient, is a key skill identified by both ACCA in its research Professional Accountants - the Future and by the United Nations as a top 10 skill for 2020. The bottom line here is showing up as a whole human being, being unafraid of transparency and working towards improving communication and relationships.

It’s OK not to be OK

We all have mental health the same as we all have physical health. Sometimes it’s great, sometimes it’s challenging.

If current events are giving you sleepless nights and leaving you with a heightened state of worry, just remember it’s OK not to be OK. These times will test the resolve of all of us. Check out and for helpful support and resources.

Even before this crisis, one in four of us lived with anxiety and depression, so you are in good productive company and there is a way through this. If you are constantly anxious, try writing an ‘Anxiety Diary’ by writing down the things which are concerning yourself the most at the moment. Check on it in two weeks’ time, did any of it actually happen?

To counteract anxious feelings, also make a list before you go to bed of 10 good things in your life. They could be as simple as the sun coming out today, or something which made you laugh. What are you grateful for? By doing this just before bedtime you give your brain a chance to refocus on the positive and to create some dopamine to help you to relax.

Create a new wellbeing routine

You’ve had to adapt to a new way of living and working, so now is the time to make sure your wellbeing habits adapt, too.

Review your current habits around food, hydration and sleep. Are you eating a variety of foods which are good for you? If you are living off caffeine, remember to take plenty of water with it and to avoid it in the afternoon to get better sleep.

Consider your wind-down routine before you go to sleep. Switch off the tech, take a bath, listen to soothing music and make sure the room is dark enough for you to sleep. Try Rain Rain as an app to play to help you to get better sleep with natural sounds, or the Insight Timer Meditation app.

Small changes can have a huge impact. Whatever you decide to do, now is not the time to berate yourself for how you feel or for making ‘bad choices’. Let it go and embrace tomorrow with a different approach.

You can find more from Sharon Critchlow, ACCA Council member, here and also the previous support, Your wellbeing during hard times and Ideas for team wellbeing.


Representative image by Aasif Saifi from Pixabay

Magnetic refrigeration technology is energy efficient and environmentally
friendly and reduces operational and maintenance costs as it does not
require any refrigerants or components such as a compressor and can
create a high demand.

According to the market research report “Magnetic Refrigeration Market Global
Forecast to 2027”, by MarketsandMarkets, the Magnetic Refrigeration Market is
expected to be commercialized by 2022 at USD 4 million. It is expected to grow at
CAGR of 105.4% from 2022 to 2027 to reach USD 165 million by 2027.

The market includes players like Ubiblue (France), Haier Smart Home Co., Ltd
(China), Camfridge Ltd (UK), Astronautics Corporation of America (US), and
Vacuumschmelze GmbH & Co. KG (Germany). However, many players are expected
to enter this market owing to its advantages over conventional refrigeration systems.

Magnetic refrigeration offers a green cooling technology enabling manufacturers
to reduce their carbon footprint. The impact of global warming is one of the major
challenges faced by the refrigeration and air conditioning industry. Increasing global
concerns to reduce polluting emissions, especially gases, which are harmful to the
Earth’s environment, have created the need for alternative source for cooling
purposes. Magnetic refrigeration has huge potential for the refrigeration market, as it
does not use refrigerants and consumes less energy. Many countries are focusing on
phasing out environmentally harmful refrigerants, such as HCFCs. Such initiatives
provide opportunities for the magnetic refrigeration market.

Based on primary responses, the magnetic refrigeration market for the refrigeration
system is assumed to be commercialized by 2022, and for the air conditioning
system, the market is assumed to be commercialized by 2023, with products, such
as cabinet displays and beverage coolers. Increasing efforts of players to develop
and offer various products based on the magnetic refrigeration technology is a major
driving factor of the market.


Crossword Genius

Affair involving Yankee swimmer's sport (3-7)

I believe the answer is:

Here is my best explanation:

'sport' is the definition.
(fly-fishing is a kind of sport)

'affair involving yankee swimmer's' is the wordplay.
'affair' becomes 'fling' (I have seen 'Brief affair' mean 'fling' so perhaps 'affair' could also mean 'fling').
'involving' means one lot of letters goes inside another.
'yankee' becomes 'y' (phonetic alphabet: alpha, bravo, charlie etc.).
'swimmer' becomes 'fish' (fish is a kind of aquatic vertebrate**).
'fling' placed around 'yfish' is 'FLY-FISHING'.

This clue was last seen in The Guardian


Derivation of electric potential energy of a system of two point charges in the absence of external electric field

We have to consider two charges q1 , q2, located at r1 and r2 respectively. The work done in bringing charge q1  from infinity to r1 is zero because there is no potential in absence of electrical field.
Work done in bring the charge q2from infinty to r2  against the field due to charge  q1 is = q1V
where V  is potential at point r2 due to the charge q1.

As, V= q1/4πε0r12
where 'r12' is the distance between charge 'q1 ' and 'q2 '.

 Therefore potential energy of the system is given by the total work done in bring the two charges from infinity to their respective points.

U = 0 + q2q1/4πε0r12

U = q2q1/4πε0r12

  • 21

i also wanted to ask the same quesation.. da

  • -14
What are you looking for?


Can you learn to cultivate a positive perspective? Can that help your overcome setbacks in life?

According to Martin Seligman, the founding father of Positive Psychology, the school of Psychology, which focuses on the positive aspects of human behaviour and characteristics, we can create a positive perspective of life to enhance our well-being (psychological and physical).

Intentionally believing that one will experience good outcomes in life is called Optimism. Owing to the uncertainties of life, both personally and professionally, it is safe to say that we will inevitably face setbacks and challenges. Even during setbacks and challenging times, Optimism can play a role in how we explain them, which will greatly influence our response to such situations. One can either bounce back from it or yield to it.

How does a simple belief that everything will work out, in the end, help us be Resilient and overcome challenges and setbacks?

  • In crisis situations, we often feel helpless. Optimism reduces this sense of helplessness by helping us take constructive actions. Optimists often consider being in control of the situation rather than the situation being in control of them.
  • Optimists are more likely to address situations proactively, therefore, protecting themselves from the adverse impacts of stressful situations.
  • Optimists may motivate others to look at the positive outcome of situations, which serves as an additional support resource for them as well, where they realize that they are not alone in the situation.
  • Being optimistic also allows one to segregate challenges or difficulties into compartments where that particular situation does not affect other aspects of their professional and personal life.

As research has found that only 25% of our optimism or pessimism is hereditary, we can clearly take steps to develop it. How do we develop this positive outlook?

  • Take time to understand how you think about negative situations in your life. Do you feel they are temporary, or will they last a long-time? Will it permeate to different aspects of your life, or will it be restricted to that situation only?
  • Identify your locus of control. Do you give yourself due credit for success or attribute it completely to external factors?
    Intentionally think about the best-case scenario and how you can reach there.
  • Zoom out from the situation and reflect, will the situation still seem so invincible in the near future?

While having a positive outlook in all situations seems appealing, this may lead to denying the significance and seriousness associated and may deter one from taking constructive actions. This is Blind Optimism, wherein individuals are likely to rely heavily on having a positive outlook and may ignore or gloss over the risks involved.

― Victor Hugo, Les Misérables


MYTH #74: Carbon dioxide is plant food

CO2 helps agriculture flourish. It is the gas of life.

Plants need water, but is a flood a good way to water your crops? Too much carbon dioxide is bad news.

To grow, plants need three main things: sunlight, water and carbon dioxide. But that doesn’t mean we can jump to the conclusion that more carbon dioxide will be good for plants. More isn’t always better. A flood is not a good way to supply water to a forest. While experiments have shown that some plants respond well to higher carbon dioxide levels, others have shown that abnormally high levels of carbon dioxide can cause damage. Keep in mind that as carbon dioxide increases, temperatures also increase, rainfall patterns change, and some kinds of extreme weather events become more common and severe. This certainly spells bad news for plants. Don’t believe me? Ask the peanut farmers in drought-ridden Texas. Find out about the wine grapes in Australia and California, or the African cacao trees that are used to make chocolate. Climate change has not been kind to these plants so far.

Additional info from Climate Central

Plants need CO2 to live. So is more of it a good thing?

We do not yet know enough to make adequate projections of the global trends for plant life in a world with higher levels of carbon dioxide, or CO2. It is clear, however, that there can be both positive and negative responses.

So, if we’re putting more CO2 into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels, you might expect plants to grow better. But the story is not quite that simple. When biologists have grown crops like wheat, soybeans, and rice inside greenhouses with extra CO2 present, the plants have indeed grown more rapidly and more abundantly. For the past several years, scientists all over the world have also been doing a series of experiments called “Free-Air Concentration Enrichment,” or FACE. Instead of using greenhouses, they grow crops in open fields to give them the most natural environment possible and pump in extra CO2 from a network of pipes.

The results of these experiments have shown that the crops do not thrive as well in this environment. Plants do need CO2, but they also need water, nitrogen and other nutrients. Increase one of these without increasing the others and there’s a limit to how much the plants will benefit. Some do not grow much more at all. Others, like wheat, grow bigger but end up with less nitrogen. As a result, insects end up eating more to get the nitrogen they need. The nutritional value of food plants would be similarly reduced for other animals — including humans. Also, we could end up with vegetables that have too much carbon — perhaps producing spinach that would be very tough to chew!

Adapted from © Climate Central


Functoid - Divide

Divide Functoid

Description: The Divide Functoid will divide the data provided to input ParamA and the data provided to ParamB and is often used in combination with the IndexOf Functiod and Substring Functoid. Related functoids: Inputs with their allowed values:

Picture of the Divide Functoid

Remark: When connected to an input that provides text or floating point values, the output value of the Functoid will be Null. Example: Example 1: See Figure 1.

Example 2: See Figure 2.


Isla Jéchica

Found in the Aisen region, this island is a natural sanctuary for flora and fauna and is pretty much untouched.

Map of Isla Jéchica

Nearby landmarks

Trips that visit Isla Jéchica


COVID-19: Read our latest information here.

News and Views

In the event of Brexit, we are likely to see considerable weakness in the short term, more so in currencies than equities.  This seems pretty clear given that the sharpest moves that we are seeing on a day-to-day basis following poll data are in the currency markets not equities. On the 14 June 2016, the UK markets dropped below 6,000 for the first time since February 2016, with much of the fall attributed to Brexit fears.  The pound is likely to drop against the US dollar and the Japanese yen, with people looking to those currencies as safe havens. Europe itself perhaps has more to lose, should the UK leave, as it is possible that other countries will have to leave as well (for example Italy, Spain, France, and the Netherlands etc.)

The future of the EU as we know it will be uncertain.

A fall of around 10-20% for sterling has been muted. John said “I think that this is a bit extreme and arguably we’ve already seen some of this fall and perhaps we could see a 5-10% fall against the US dollar and Japanese yen in the short term, but I can’t see it falling against the euro.” Brexit could well mean lower interest rates and the Bank of England may cut rates to stimulate growth. Even the US could delay interest rate hikes due to the uncertainty. John said “I doubt the reaction for the stock market will be as severe given the proportion of overseas revenues which we see in the UK top 100 companies. That said, a knee-jerk sell off is very likely in the immediate term.  We can expect bonds to continue to perform well as interest rate expectations are cut.  We favour government and high quality corporate bonds.”

The greatest fear for the Remain campaign is in the case of an Exit, losing access to the EU’s Single Market would threaten our export market.  The EU accounts for 44% of our exports.  If we leave, we will need to draw up new trade arrangements with the EU and other countries around the world.  However, the other side of the coin here is that the EU accounts for 52% of UK imports.  We are the second largest importer of products from Germany.  Therefore the EU is unlikely to wish to rock the boat too much by imposing tariffs and the like because it may risk them losing a crucial customer.

Currently the UK runs a deficit of £125bn on goods, which is partly offset by a surplus on services of around £90bn.  Goods, for example machinery, transportation, and chemicals, are still important and account for 56% of total exports.  If the UK were to leave the EU there would be an uncertain impact on these numbers.

Although there is a transition period of 2 years for any country leaving the EU, we would need to establish new trading models for the future period.

The primary models which we could follow are:

  1. Norway, for example, enjoys favourable agreement as part of the European Economic Area (EEA) with free movement of goods, capital, services and people in the EU, opting out of policies on agriculture and fisheries.  But this has reduced influence on regulation, there is little scope for gaining substantial extra freedoms as it will still be necessary to adopt EU rules but not all of them.  The UK would still have to pay a contribution to the EU budget, probably at a much reduced rate (but at least half of current levels, net pay £10.4bn).
  2. Switzerland has negotiated its own bilateral agreements under the European Free Trade Association but still has to contribute to the EU budget; under this agreement there are no passporting rights for banks which would make it more expensive for foreign banks to set up local operations and UK firms cannot sell freely into the EU.  The UK could lose the ability to provide cross-border financial services and London’s leading position in financial services could be threatened as Investment Banking activities for example may be undermined.  Only partial access to Single Market (e.g. some tariffs for agricultural products).
  3. The last and worst option is the World Trade Organisation option, following the most favoured nation rules.  Here the UK would be subject to the same tariffs that the EU charges non-members.  However, global tariffs have fallen from over 8% in 1990 to around 4% today.

Because of the transition period, nothing is going to change overnight in the real economy. John said “Debt saturation and the aging business cycle are greater concerns than Brexit for me.  The trade deficit is not going to go away.” If the pound gets weaker, it will provide a short term boost to exports, provided that we can keep on trading with our partners.  There is certainly going to be uncertainty in the short term although arguably the long term prospects will be better as the UK will be free to negotiate individual trade arrangements, particularly with the likes of China and Hong Kong, rather than rely on the EU.

Advantages to the City of London predate the EU in terms of the legal system, language, time zone, access to skilled labour so little change is expected here.  Is the Lloyd’s of London Insurance market, for example, likely to close down over night? Probably not.

Exporters to the US will benefit from a weaker pound, for example Industrials (Aerospace).  Other service based firms with a high proportion of US revenues should do well.  UK/European focused businesses are likely to perform less well. Domestic Travel & Leisure operators may do well, as more overseas visitors take advantage of a cheaper pound.

To find out more about how a Brexit would affect your portfolio, call us on 0800 877 8866.


Stop Relating Trace Temperature to Current Density

Reading time ( words)

Many design engineers and even many software suppliers make the significant mistake of equating changes in trace or via temperature with current density. This is incorrect at best and dangerous at worst. There is little if any correlation between temperature and current density. Current and trace dimensions (among other things) are the relevant variables, but current density is not. I hope by the end of this article you will see why. Here are four illustrations that will help you understand this.

1. Current Density Is Not an Independent Measure

We can understand that the change in trace (and via) temperatures are a function of other variables. Thus, we can formulate the following as two possible relationships (all other things equal). Let:

C = current
J = current density
w = trace width
th = trace thickness
ΔT = change in trace temperature

Then, we can suggest the following:
Equation 1: ΔT = fn(C, w, th)
Equation 2: ΔT = fn(J, w, th)

Now, the question is, “Are both of these relationships true, or, if not, is either one true?” We know from the extensive experimental evaluations reported in IPC-2152 that Equation 1 is true, so is Equation 2 also true? From Equations 1 and 2, it follows that:

Equation 1a: C = fn(ΔT, w, th)
Equation 2a: J = fn(ΔT, w, th)

To read this entire article, which appeared in the September 2020 issue of Design007 Magazine, click here.

Suggested Items

01/15/2021 | Andy Shaughnessy, Design007 Magazine

TTM’s Approach to Stackup Design: Train the Customer

01/12/2021 | I-Connect007 Editorial Team

12/31/2020 | Andy Shaughnessy, Design007 Magazine

Copyright © 2021 I-Connect007. All rights reserved.


How many dreams can you have on one night?

You can experience a few dreams on a single night. You can wake up after a dream, then fall asleep again. Then you may see another dream, and wake up again. Sometimes, your body wants you to wake up, to go to the bathroom. Your sleep is interrupted. You fall back to sleep, and may see a new dream, or you may think your first dream was continued. Many people can’t recall all their dreams on one night. They usually remember the last dream before waking up. People who wish to recall dreams, should write them down immediately after waking up, when the impressions are still fresh. After waking up, the first activity is to go to the bathroom and the brain has new input of stimuli as it processes the activities of toileting, washing the face, brushing the teeth and etc. The older impressions of the dream are displaced by the new impressions. Thus the dream is forgotten as the temporary shor term memory is not reinforced by dwelling upon it to make a deeper impression.


Radar Sensor

I was trying to fake AI by putting in different sensors and having the enemy (a cube) walk up to you and stop when he gets close. I made it so that if you bumped into him he’d turn around and chase you, and I wanted to give him periferal vision so if he saw you walking passed he would turn and chase you.

The easiest method was a Radar sensor, so I made an empty that shot one out and had it parented to my cube-enemy. When I walked passed him to test out his vision, the radar worked, but more as a collision sensor that slammed into my guy and pushed him off the map. I managed to get around the problem just by using normal ray sensors but I’m still quirious as to why the radar would do that.

I have also a problem to add some AI to an animated character.

I have set Sumo instead of Bullet for the Physics Engine, because the character who is animated by actions on his armature was flying away when using Bullets.

I have added an Empty parented to the armature (because the armature has the axis in the wrong direction, so I cant use Positive Y axis for the Radar sensor) and used this Empty as radar sensor.

The goal is to make the character avoid obstacles instead of being sticked against the walls and walking stupidly on place.

I have connected a message actuator to the Radar sensor, and when the message is sent to the armature, a message sensor applied to the armature is supposed to read the message and switch on an action with a superior priority (0 instead of 1 for the ordinary walk cycle), and the character should turn on the right…

I can’t make it work.

I have added a sound actuator, and the message seems to be decoded, but the action is not played…

The near sensor works pretty good for me. I’ve found the radar sensor to be unusable, usually causing the character to fly off in wierd directions. The ray sensor works off and on. I had to give up using it because it wasn’t dependable in the game I’m working on now. Sometimes it would work great, other times it would not work. It might have been a conflict or something, I’m not sure. It seemed to work good when there weren’t too many walls around, but when there were walls around, it started giving false signals.

I have tried something else :

I have done this trial only on a simple scene with a moving cube instead of a character animated by actions.

I have added 2 invisibles deformed cubes onthe right and on the left of the object supposed to be the character, and these cubes are parented to this object.

The 2 deformed cubes are set as touch sensors, and send messages (Turn Right, Turn Left) to the main object which has motion actuators receiving the messages from 2 messages sensors.

I couldnt get it work…

So I have tried something else, applying 2 different kinds of obstacles, and adding them a touch sensor sending the messages above, instead of leaving the cubes parented to the “character” object send the messages.

This seems to work…

I’m afraid that I’ll have to search much more before trying with the real animated character…

just guessing, but ,if your meshes are flying off the armatures usualy means that you have not ticked the actor>ghost button ,in the logic blocks window for your armature.

well… anything in general that explodes, and is made up of 2 or more seperate objects, usualy means that you have 2 solid actors inside each other.

Trust me, you really do not want to use SUMO.
hope this helps :slight_smile:

I have noticed that in my first trials, but it is not the case here.

I have got one armature and it’s mesh. First, the actor was the armature, and the mesh was not actor. It worked fine using SUMO. I have read that BULLETS doesn’t allows Dynamics on armatures.

I can’t make the armature as ghost and the mesh as Actor and Dynamic, because as the parent is the armature, contacts with obstacles will displace the mesh away from the armature!

If I set the armature as actor and ghost, the character will pass through the obstacles…

Well, this can be solved using SUMO for physics engine, but the AI problem itself is not solved…

I have tried also to avoid using Dynamics on the character and faking all the behaviour (avoiding obstacles) with sensors and actuators, but the character will not be able to climb slopes or stairs… Also, the sensors seems to not react as they are supposed to do.

I’m working on IA as well.
But in python. I had two cubes, and two empties for each. One cube was on top of the other. The empties were in two corners of each cube, with ray sensors.

The upper cube always faced the target object. If none of the empties detected any obstacles the lower cube would take the same direction and start to move. If a wall is detected the lower cube starts to turn untill the raysensors are negative. Then it starts to move, until the upper cubes raysensors are free as well, then the lower cube turns to the right direction again.

My greatest trouble is how to make the cube decide which way to turn, I’m thinking of a very complicated code with maybe .getHitObject().getOwner().getOrientation() or something, or just simply randomize a direction… I will post a .blend if I get succesfull

Hi! this sounds interesting, but as I’m really hopeless at programming, I am afraid that I will not even understand one unique line of Python code… :o

But as a former electronician, your method seems to be what is called in french “écartométrie différentielle”.

I 'm not able to translate it… It is a method used in robotics to keep a trajectory using photo diodes , Operationnals Amplifiers and some hardware logic. The same method used in the tracking system of missiles driven by heat sources.


Shapekeys and armatures

Hi, I’m trying to rig a character model of a robot for VRChat and I’m trying to make some custom animations for this model.

It has a few opening panels and a folding blade in one arm.

I have the character all rigged, but now I’m trying to setup shapekeys for the moving parts.

I’ve been told that I’m doing this wrong and that I should be using key frames to animate my model. But I’m not making an animation, I’m making a game character, and VRChat uses shapekeys for custom animations.

Keyframes allows me to move the parts but I can’t see a way for me to set those as a shapekey.

Moving the meshes for the objects and creating shapekeys manually doesn’t work correctly either.
If I set the mesh destination, then try to pose the character, the object then warps to that point instead of opening like it should.

What I have tried so far:

Setting a shapekey for the item, making a driver for it, assigning the armature and bone for the driver and it’s intended use.

This bears no fruit. I try to change the shapekeys value and nothing happens.

I’ve also tried using the driver constraint addon.

This just gives me an odd error message and I get no result.

Can anyone help?

Welcome to BA!

You cannot use shapekeys to rotate parts of a mesh, because the vertices affected by the shapekeys will always move in a straight line from rest position (shapekey value 0) to applied position (shapekey value 1) or anything in between. I know nothing about VRChat, so cannot help further, other than to say you need to find a way to use object rotation, based on different meshes for each part, or armatures.

Cheers, Clock.


Vertex colors and textures

I made a plane with grass texture, now i want to paint vertex with different colors.

My problem is, in GLSL mode (Game Engine), vertex colors are not showing over the grass texture.
If the plane has no texture, i can see vertex colors over the plane in Game Engine.

How can i make vertex colors to mix with textures in game engine?

Try changing the texture blend mode to something other than Mix
Enable ‘Vertex Color Paint’ option in the material options

It works, but the texture looks not very good… it is a texture with transparent parts i’ll try more changes.


Wierd particle behavoir on a frac plane

I made a plane, and subdivided it fractally a couple of times and made it a particle emitor.

For particle setting, I left everthing default except the life and end and put a force of -1.0 in the z axis.

This should make the particles fall down, right?

Well, instead, the particles go up above the plane, and then fall down.

Why? It works properly on a regularly subdivided plane, why not on a fractal one? I have 0.0 for the normal speed.

Any thoughts?

Try increasing the Keys value (top right of the particle settings), especially if they have a long life.

Maybe check your normals?

Nah, he said the initial speed was 0

I just tried it, if you turn the life way up, then they do go up for a bit before coming back down again - turning keys up a lot too fixes it (but takes longer to calculate)

If you double the life and double the keys, then the quality of the path stays about the same.

yah, it seems that increasing the keys does solve the problem.

It does seem weird that with no other force acting on them, they go up first, then go down.

Oh well, at least there is a why to solve it.

Thanks again guys. :smiley:


COVID-19 data source finder

The Data Source Finder tool tells you exactly where to find the data you need for a given story. (Or for a Facebook post, or an argument with your friend, and so forth.)  The tool includes detailed annotations on 16 data sources which we consider the primary COVID-19 sources in the U.S.

Here’s how to use it. You start out by selecting the geographic scale on which you’d like to see data (global, U.S. states, counties, or cities), then choose the type of metric you’re looking for. The tool will return your options, including each dataset’s available metrics, methodologies, update schedule, download links, and more.

Find the full annotations here.

Comments? Questions? Corrections? Email


Germany: Syrian Child Refugees from Tajikistan Arrested for Terror Plot on US Base

Do you know what a Tajik is?

Neither do I.

But I do know Sweden needs at least 50 million of them if they hope to survive.

Huffington Post:

5 Moslem terrorists in a row, and four of them aren’t named some variant of Mohammed.

This must be what winning the lottery feels like, except for the actually getting money part.

Who in Albania is worth $40K and where do you collect after you do the job?

Asking out of curiosity.

Some of you might be aware that there’s no actual Syrian civil war raging in Tajikistan – not yet, at least – but they did actually have a civil war after they split from the Soviet Union, one that lasted over 5 years and, though it killed relatively few people, left over 10% of the population displaced and caused massive economic destruction, which is probably one of the reasons why, even today, they have the lowest per capita GDP in the region.

I looked at the Wikipedia page of the thing just out of curiosity, and apparently the war was started by “…a combination of liberal democratic reformers and Islamists, who would later organize under the banner of the United Tajik Opposition.”

Gave me a feeling of déjà vu.